cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhanced exciton-exciton collisions in an ultra-flat monolayer MoSe2 prepared through deterministic flattening
Creators: name: Hotta, T.
name: Ueda, A.
name: Higuchi, S.
name: Okada, M.
name: Shimizu, T.
name: Kubo, T.
name: Ueno, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Kitaura, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Squeezing bubbles and impurities out of interlayer spaces by applying force through a few-layer graphene capping layer leads to van der Waals heterostructures with ultra-flat structure free from random electrostatic potential arising from charged impurities. Without the graphene capping layer, a squeezing process with an AFM tip induces applied-force-dependent charges of n ~ 2 x 10^12 cm^-2 uN^-1, resulting in strong intensity of trions in photoluminescence spectra of MoSe2 at low temperature. We found that a hBN/MoSe2/hBN prepared with the "modified nano-squeezing method" shows a strong excitonic emission with negligible trion peak, and the residual linewidth of the exciton peak is only 2.2 meV, which is comparable to the homogeneous limit. Furthermore, in this high-quality sample, we found that formation of biexciton occurs even at extremely low excitation power (Phi ~ 2.3 x 10^19 cm^-2 s^-1) due to the enhanced collisions between excitons.
Fundamental decoherence in quantum gravity
Creators: name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Porto, Rafael
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently introduced discrete formalism allows to solve the problem of time in quantum gravity in a relational manner. Quantum mechanics formulated with a relational time is not exactly unitary and implies a fundamental mechanism for decoherence of quantum states. The mechanism is strong enough to render the black hole information puzzle unobservable.
description: 6 pages, to appear in the proceedings of DICE 2004 (Piombino, Italy)
On the Dependency between the Peak Velocity of High-speed Solar Wind Streams near Earth and the Area of Their Solar Source Coronal Holes
Creators: name: Hofmeister, Stefan J.
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
name: Poedts, Stefaan
name: Samara, Evangelia
name: Magdalenic, Jasmina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between the peak velocities of high-speed solar wind streams near Earth and the areas of their solar source regions, i.e., coronal holes, has been known since the 1970s, but it is still physically not well understood. We perform 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) code to show that this empirical relationship forms during the propagation phase of high-speed streams from the Sun to Earth. For this purpose, we neglect the acceleration phase of high-speed streams, and project the areas of coronal holes to a sphere at 0.1 au. We then vary only the areas and latitudes of the coronal holes. The velocity, temperature, and density in the cross section of the corresponding highspeed streams at 0.1 au are set to constant, homogeneous values. Finally, we propagate the associated high-speed streams through the inner heliosphere using the EUHFORIA code. The simulated high-speed stream peak velocities at Earth reveal a linear dependence on the area of their source coronal holes. The slopes of the relationship decrease with increasing latitudes of the coronal holes, and the peak velocities saturate at a value of about 730 km/s, similar to the observations. These findings imply that the empirical relationship between the coronal hole areas and high-speed stream peak velocities does not describe the acceleration phase of high-speed streams, but is a result of the high-speed stream propagation from the Sun to Earth.
The Loutolim Connection
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: History

description: Oliveira clubs together the Miranda and Figueiredo families in the context of Loutolim; he writes “Não surpreende assim que seja em Loutolim, nos seus casarões magníficos, que se acham sediadas duas das famílias que, geração após geração, assumirão um papel determinante na administração das Novas Conquistas : os Figueiredo e os Miranda.” (It’s not surprising that two families, the Figueiredo and the Miranda, from their magnificent mansions in Loutolim, assumed a decisive role in the administration of the Novas Conquistas, generation after generation.) This comes after eulogizing the role of Loutolim in the governance of the Novas Conquistas : “um baluarte das elites brâmanes católicas ocidentalizadas localizado em Salsete mas a dois passos das Novas Conquistas.” (a stronghold of westernized Catholic Brahmin elites located in Salcete, but just two steps away from the New Conquests.). [Oliveira, 2018 : Direito, Política e Sociedade - As Novas Conquistas De Goa Durante O Perismo - Os Contributos De Nery Xavier e Cláudio Lagrange, 275] Oliveira has discerned a very subtle under current in the political and administrative history of Portuguese rule in Goa; a thread not very discernible in the ample literature on that history. Because what stands out otherwise in that history is the dizzying role of the Ilhas with its two capitals – Velha Goa and Nova Goa; Salcete remained off focus for most of the time. Even socially, the dramatis personae of the Portuguese ruling coterie remained the reinois, descendentes and mestiços. But in the magnificent mansions in Salcete thrived the ‘elites naturais católicas’, who not just thrived, but critically held together against all odds the supremacy of the Portuguese diktat, in the penumbra of the Estado da India, called Novas Conquistas. This has remained by and large the not much discussed aspect of the Portuguese rule in Goa.
An Empirical Analysis of United States Consumers' Concerns about Eight Food Production and Processing Technologies
Creators: name: Hwang, Yun Jae
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Hwang, Yun Jae
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: For a representative sample of U.S. consumers, we rank, correlate and explain ratings of concern toward eight food production and processing technologies (antibiotics, pesticides, artificial growth hormones, genetic modification, irradiation, artificial colors/flavors, pasteurization, and preservatives). Concern is highest for pesticides and hormones, followed by concern toward antibiotics, genetic modification and irradiation. We document standard relationships between many demographic, economic and attitude variables and the average concern level. Our main contribution is modeling relative levels of concern across technologies, where we find that key personal and household characteristics that yield little explanatory power for average ratings have sharp discriminatory power for relative ratings.
Nanoscale-femtosecond dielectric response of Mott insulators captured by two-colour near-field ultrafast electron microscopy
Creators: name: Fu, Xuewen
name: Barantani, Francesco
name: Gargiulo, Simone
name: Madan, Ivan
name: Berruto, Gabriele
name: Lagrange, Thomas
name: Jin, Lei
name: Wu, Junqiao
name: Vanacore, G. M.
name: Carbone, Fabrizio
name: Zhu, Yimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing and controlling the out-of-equilibrium state of nanostructured Mott insulators hold great promises for emerging quantum technologies while providing an exciting playground for investigating fundamental physics of strongly-correlated systems. Here, we use two-colour near-field ultrafast electron microscopy to photo-induce the insulator-to-metal transition in a single VO2 nanowire and probe the ensuing electronic dynamics with combined nanometer-femtosecond resolution. We take advantage of a femtosecond temporal gating of the electron pulse mediated by an infrared laser pulse, and exploit the sensitivity of inelastic electron-light scattering to changes in the material dielectric function. By spatially mapping the near-field dynamics of an individual nanowire of VO2, we observe that ultrafast photo-doping drives the system into a metallic state on a time scale of about 150 fs without yet perturbing the crystalline lattice. Due to the high versatility and sensitivity of the electron probe, our method would allow capturing the electronic dynamics of a wide range of nanoscale materials with ultimate spatio-temporal resolution.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
Competition between growths governed by Bernoulli Percolation
Creators: name: Garet, Olivier
name: Marchand, Régine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: AMS : 60K35;82B43

description: We study a competition model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ where the two infections are driven by supercritical Bernoulli percolations with distinct parameters $p$ and $q$. We prove that, for any $q$, there exist at most countably many values of $p
description: 30 pages with figures
Targeting virus–host interaction by novel pyrimidine derivative: an in silico approach towards discovery of potential drug against COVID-19
Creators: name: Jitendra Subhash Rane
name: Pandey, Preeti
name: Aroni Chatterjee
name: Khan, Rajni
name: Abhijeet Kumar
name: Amresh Prakash
name: Shashikant Ray
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The entire human population over the globe is currently facing appalling conditions due to the spread of infection from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present on the surface of the virion mediates the virus entry into the host cells and therefore is targeted by several scientific groups as a novel drug target site. The spike glycoprotein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) cell surface receptor abundantly expressed in lung tissues, and this binding phenomenon is a primary determinant of cell tropism and pathogenesis. The binding and internalization of the virus is the primary and most crucial step in the process of infection, and therefore the molecules targeting the inhibition of this process certainly hold a significant therapeutic value. Thus, we systematically applied the computational techniques to identify the plausible inhibitor from a chosen set of well characterized diaryl pyrimidine analogues which may disrupt interfacial interaction of spike glycoprotein (S) at the surface of hACE2. Using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation, we have identified AP-NP (2-(2-amino-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenol), AP-3-OMe-Ph (2-(2-amino-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenol) and AP-4-Me-Ph (2-(2-amino-5-(p-tolyl) pyrimidin-4-yl)phenol) from a group of diaryl pyrimidine derivatives which appears to bind at the interface of the hACE2-S complex with low binding free energy. Thus, pyrimidine derivative AP-NP may be explored as an effective inhibitor for hACE2-S complex. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies will strengthen the use of these inhibitors as suitable drug candidates against SARS-COV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The turbulence driving parameter of molecular clouds in disc galaxies
Creators: name: Körtgen, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersonic turbulence plays a pivotal role during the formation of molecular clouds and stars in galaxies. However, little is known about how the fraction of compressive and solenoidal modes in the velocity field evolves over time and how it depends on properties of the molecular cloud or the galactic environment. In this work, we carry out magnetohydrodynamical simulations of disc galaxies and study the time evolution of the turbulence driving parameter for an ensemble of clouds. We find that the time-averaged turbulence driving parameter is insensitive to the position of the cloud within the galaxy. The ensemble-averaged driving parameter is found to be rather compressive with $b\sim0.5-0.7$, indicating almost time-independent global star formation properties. However, each individual cloud shows a highly fluctuating driving parameter, which would strongly affect the cloud's star formation rate. We find that the mode of turbulence driving can rapidly change within only a few Myr, both from solenoidal to compressive and vice versa. We attribute these changes to cloud collisions and to tidal interactions with clouds or overdensities in the environment. Last, we find no significant differences in the average driving parameter between hydrodynamic and initially strongly magnetised galaxies. However, the magnetic field tends to reduce the overall fluctuation of the driving parameter. The average driving as well as its uncertainty are seen to be in agreement with recent constraints on the turbulence driving mode for solar neighbourhood clouds.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS. Comments welcome
Quantum search algorithms
Creators: name: Ambainis, Andris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review some of quantum algorithms for search problems: Grover's search algorithm, its generalization to amplitude amplification, the applications of amplitude amplification to various problems and the recent quantum algorithms based on quantum walks.
description: 12 pages, short survey on selected topics for SIGACT News Complexity Column, published in June 2004
Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61
Creators: name: Barkume, K. M
name: Brown, M. E.
name: Schaller, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained a near infrared spectrum of the brightest satellite of the large Kuiper Belt Object, 2003 EL61. The spectrum has absorption features at 1.5 and 2.0 microns, indicating that water ice is present on the surface. We find that the satellite's absorption lines are much deeper than water ice features typically found on Kuiper Belt Objects. We argue that the unusual spectrum indicates that the satellite was likely formed by impact and not by capture.
UNBALANCED NESTED COMPONENT ERROR MODEL FOR ESTIMATING PEST DAMAGE FUNCTIONS
Creators: name: Yang, Juan
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Yang, Juan
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A recently developed nested error component model for unbalanced panel data is used to estimate insect damage functions. The model estimates the separate random effects for location and year on the variability of yield loss and has smaller standard errors for the regression coefficient than the comparable OLS model.
Space-time Thermodynamics of the Glass Transition
Creators: name: Merolle, Mauro
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
name: Chandler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the probability distribution for fluctuations in dynamical action and similar quantities related to dynamic heterogeneity. We argue that the so-called "glass transition" is a manifestation of low action tails in these distributions where the entropy of trajectory space is sub-extensive in time. These low action tails are a consequence of dynamic heterogeneity and an indication of phase coexistence in trajectory space. The glass transition, where the system falls out of equilibrium, is then an order-disorder phenomenon in space-time occurring at a temperature T_g which is a weak function of measurement time. We illustrate our perspective ideas with facilitated lattice models, and note how these ideas apply more generally.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Molecular docking, photocatalytic activity and biomedical investigations of some metal complexes
Creators: name: Liji John
name: R. Selwin Joseyphus
name: I. Hubert Joe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Metal(II)–(furfural-L-his) complexes with a potentially bidentate furfural-L-his have been synthesized. Furfural-L-his and its Co/Ni/Cu/Zn(II)–(furfural-L-his) complexes have been optimized by DFT. The structural features were determined from their elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic, UV–Vis, IR, mass, 1H NMR and EPR spectral studies. On the basis of electronic spectral data and magnetic measurements, suitable geometry has been proposed for each complex. The redox behaviour of Cu(II)–(furfural-L-his) complex has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Thermal decomposition profiles are consistent with the proposed formulation of Co/Ni/Cu/Zn(II)–(furfural-L-his) complexes. PXRD studies reveal that furfural-L-his and Zn(II)–(furfural-L-his) complex are of nanomeric structure. SEM images of furfural-L-his exhibit flake-like morphology. Photodegradation of methylene blue dye indicates that they are photocatalyticaly efficient. NBO and NPA shown considerable reduction in the formal charge on metal ions. Docking analysis with EGFR and cyclooxygenase-2 receptor has been performed to find the best binding energy. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity against standard at variable concentrations revealed that the Co/Ni/Cu/Zn(II)–(furfural-L-his) complexes show enhanced antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to furfural-L-his. Furfural-L-his and Cu(II)–(furfural-L-his) complex have been tested against human ovarian cancer cells, which showed that Cu(II)–(furfural-L-his) complex exhibited promising anticancer activity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Derivation of the density operator with quantum analysis for the generalized Gibbs ensemble in quantum statistics
Creators: name: Ishihara, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived the equation of the density operator for generalized entropy and generalized expectation value with quantum analysis when conserved quantities exist. The derived equation is simplified when the conventional expectation value is employed. The derived equation is also simplified when the commutation relations, $[\hatρ, \hat{H}]$ and $[\hatρ, \hat{Q}^{[a]}]$, are the functions of the density operator $\hatρ$, where $\hat{H}$ is the Hamiltonian, and $\hat{Q}^{[a]}$ is the conserved quantity. We derived the density operators for the von Neumann entropy, the Tsallis entropy, and the Rényi entropy in the case of the conventional expectation value. We also derived the density operators for the Tsallis entropy and the Rényi entropy in the case of the escort average (the normalized $q$-expectation value), when the density operator commutes with the Hamiltonian and the conserved quantities. We found that the argument of the density operator for the canonical ensemble is simply extended to the argument for the generalized Gibbs ensemble in the case of the conventional expectation value, even when conserved quantities do not commute. The simple extension of the argument is also shown in the case of the escort average, when the density operator $\hatρ$ commutes with the Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$ and the conserved quantity $\hat{Q}^{[a]}$: $[\hatρ, \hat{H}] = [\hatρ, \hat{Q}^{[a]}]=0$. These findings imply that the argument of the density operator for the canonical ensemble is simply extended to the argument for the generalized Gibbs ensemble in some systems.
description: 14 pges
PROMOTING ORGANIC FOOD: INFORMATION POLICY VERSUS PRODUCTION SUBSIDY
Creators: name: Tribl, Christoph
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Tribl, Christoph
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Governments in developed countries aim to increase the market share of organic products as a possibility to improve the environment or animal welfare or as a reaction to food crises and changing consumer preferences. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. We use the concepts of heterogeneous producers with different unit production costs and heterogeneous consumers with different preferences for conventional and organic food, and compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: Firstly, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production on equilibrium prices and quantities, and producer and consumer welfare. Secondly, we compare this policy measure with a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic label. The main findings of this paper are that in either case, producers and consumers of conventional food are worse off, organic producers and consumers experience a gain in welfare, but the change in welfare is identical under the two policy options.
Time Delay and Investment Decisions: Evidence from an Experiment in Tanzania
Creators: name: Nikolov, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Attitudes toward risk underlie virtually every important economic decision an individual makes. In this experimental study, I examine how introducing a time delay into the execution of an investment plan influences individuals' risk preferences. The field experiment proceeded in three stages: a decision stage, an execution stage and a payout stage. At the outset, in the Decision Stage (Stage 1), each subject was asked to make an investment plan by splitting a monetary investment amount between a risky asset and a safe asset. Subjects were informed that the investment plans they made in the Decision Stage are binding and will be executed during the Execution Stage (Stage 2). The Payout Stage (Stage 3) was the payout date. The timing of the Decision Stage and Payout Stage was the same for each subject, but the timing of the Execution Stage varied experimentally. I find that individuals who were assigned to execute their investment plans later (i.e., for whom there was a greater delay prior to the Execution Stage) invested a greater amount in the risky asset during the Decision Stage.
description: Peer-reviewed article published at: http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2018/Volume38/EB-18-V38-I2-P109.pdf
PSyclone update
Creators: name: Ford, Rupert
name: Porter, Andrew
name: Siso, Sergi
name: Kavcic, Iva
name: Joerg Henrichs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: 17th June 2019 UM User Workshop on Next Generation Modelling Systems. This presentation gave an update on PSyclone progress related to the Met Office next generation weather model (LFRic).
A REEXAMINATION OF FRACTIONAL INTEGRATING DYNAMICS IN FOREIGN CURRENCY MARKETS
Creators: name: Elder, John
name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Elder, John
name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper reexamines foreign currency markets for evidence of fractional integration, and extends the extant literature in several important dimensions. First, we utilize a new semiparametric wavelet-based estimator, which is far superior to the more prevalent GPH estimator on the basis of mean squared error. Second, we utilize a broader and longer sample, which better facilitates the detection of long memory dynamics. Our analysis yields interesting empirical results that contrast with other recent studies. In particular, we find new evidence that a large proportion (fourteen out of nineteen) of exchange rate series display evidence of long memory, with little variation over alternative sample periods.
Probing the dynamics between the substrate and the product towards glucose tolerance of Halothermothrix orenii β-glucosidase
Creators: name: Sukanya Konar
name: Sushant K. Sinha
name: Supratim Datta
name: Pradip Kr. Ghorai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Most β-Glucosidase (B8CYA8) are prone to inhibition by glucose. Experimentally observed specific activity of B8CYA8 on 20 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) substrate concentrations show surprise dependence on the presence of 0–3 M glucose at 335 K. We found that at high substrate concentration, the enzyme shows stimulation in specific activity with glucose and the glucose inhibition curve shifts toward the right with the increase in the substrate concentration. We employed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of β-Glucosidase from Halothermothrix orenii at different glucose and pNPGlc concentrations to provide microscopic explanations to the experimentally observed non-monotonic glucose concentration dependence of the enzyme activity. Our results show that accumulation of substrate (pNPGlc) near the B8CYA8 catalytic site residues E166 and E354 and in the active site tunnel increases up to 0.5 M glucose when the specific activity is the highest. The number of pNPGlc in the tunnel decreases drastically when glucose concentration is more than 0.5 M, and hence the specific activity decreases. Potential of mean force (PMF) calculations showed that the most favorable interaction between pNPGlc and β-Glucosidase exists at 0.5 M glucose while at deficient and high glucose concentrations, the binding energy between the substrate and β-Glucosidase is very low. These studies provide the molecular basis towards understanding inhibition and stimulation of β-Glucosidase activity in the presence of glucose and may enable the optimum use of enzymes for the efficient conversion of high biomass loading saccharification reactions. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND MEDICINE: UNITED STATES VERSUS EUROPE
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Discrepancies in the attitude between US and UK consumers toward application of biotechnology in crop production and medicine were examined using data from mail and online surveys. Results showed that more than 31% (46%) of US (UK) respondents were opposed to biotech foods while only 16% (18%) opposed biotech medicine, respectively. Perceived risks and benefits of agro-biotechnology and medical biotechnology were significant in determining overall attitude toward application of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine i.e., perceived risks (benefits) caused consumers to oppose (support) application of biotechnology in food production and medicine.
FORWARD CONTRACTING SPECIFICATION THROUGH COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Creators: name: Chin, Ming-Chin
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Chin, Ming-Chin
name: Weaver, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Game-based bargaining theory is presented to evaluate the potential of and stability of cooperative coalition among producers for enhancing producer returns and managing market price and income risk. Results clarify that collective bargaining can increase and stabilize producer profits when they face a single processor.
Enhancement of entanglement in one-dimensional disordered systems
Creators: name: Lopez-Sandoval, R.
name: Garcia, Martin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pairwise quantum entanglement of sites in disordered electronic one-dimensional systems (rings) is studied. We focus on the effect of diagonal and off diagonal disorder on the concurrence $C_{ij}$ between electrons on neighbor and non neighbor sites $i,j$ as a function of band filling. In the case of diagonal disorder, increasing the degree of disorder leads to a decrease of the concurrence with respect to the ordered case. However, off-diagonal disorder produces a surprisingly strong enhancement of entanglement. This remarkable effect occurs near half filling, where the concurrence becomes up to 15% larger than in the ordered system.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
WILDFIRE FUELS MANAGEMENT: A NESTED ROTATION APPROACH APPLIED TO PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS
Creators: name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: Lankoande, Mariam D.
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Vegetative fuels management for wildfire risk mitigation is increasing recognized as a crucial complement to suppression. We develop a nested rotation model to examine the fuel treatment timing in the context of a forest environment where part of the values at risk are standing timber to be harvested. Simulations are performed for a representative ponderosa pine forest, and implications of the model for policy issues are discussed, including 1) the effects of public suppression of wildfire on private fuel management incentives, 2) externality problems when non-timber values such as wildland-urban interface property is not accounted for in private fuel management decisions.
Dynamical properties of temperature chaos and memory effect
Creators: name: Tanaka, Shu
name: Miyashita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the frustrated interaction systems, the nature of ordered configuration can be intrinsically temperature dependent. There, the idea of effective coupling of decorated and frustrated bond plays an important role. The idea of effective coupling is verified in the study of equilibrium properties. We will study how the effective coupling is realized in the dynamical processes, e.g. the relaxation time after a change of temperature. We also study the memory phenomena which have been found in the spin glass.
description: 4pages, 3figures, Proceedings of SPDSA2004
Zero-energy excitation in the classical kagome antiferromagnet NaBa$_{2}$Mn$_{3}$F$_{11}$
Creators: name: Hayashida, Shohei
name: Ishikawa, Hajime
name: Okamoto, Yoshihiko
name: Okubo, Tsuyoshi
name: Hiroi, Zenji
name: Nilsen, Gøran J.
name: Mutka, Hannu
name: Masuda, Takatsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements on a polycrystalline sample of a classical kagome antiferromagnet NaBa$_{2}$Mn$_{3}$F$_{11}$ to investigate the possibility of a dispersionless zero-energy excitation associated with rotation of spins along the chains. The observed spectra indeed exhibit such an excitation with strong intensity at low energy, as well as dispersive excitations with weak intensity at high energy. Combining the measurements with calculations from linear spin-wave theory reveals that NaBa$_{2}$Mn$_{3}$F$_{11}$ is a good realization of the classical kagome antiferromagnet which exhibits a dispersionless mode lifted by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction.
Cluster approach study of intersite electron correlations in pyrochlore and checkerboard lattices
Creators: name: Yushankhai, V.
name: Fulde, P.
name: Thalmeier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To treat effects of electron correlations in geometrically frustrated pyrochlore and checkerboard lattices, an extended single-orbital Hubbard model with nearest neighbor hopping $\sim t$ and Coulomb repulsion $\sim V$ is applied. Infinite on-site repulsion, $U\to\infty$, is assumed, thus double occupancies of sites are forbidden completely in the present study. A variational Gutzwiller type approach is extended to examine correlations due to short-range $V-$interaction and a cluster approximation is developed to evaluate a variational ground state energy of the system. Obtained analytically in a special case of quarter band filling appropriate to LiV$_2$O$_4$, the resulting simple expression describes the ground state energy in the regime of intermediate and strong coupling $V$. Like in the Brinkman-Rice theory based on the standard Gutzwiller approach to the Hubbard model, the mean value of the kinetic energy is shown to be reduced strongly as the coupling $V$ approaches a critical value $V_{c}$. This finding may contribute to explaining the observed heavy fermion behavior in LiV$_2$O$_4$.
Surprise sampling: improving and extending the local case-control sampling
Creators: name: Shen, Xinwei
name: Chen, Kani
name: Yu, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fithian and Hastie (2014) proposed a new sampling scheme called local case-control (LCC) sampling that achieves stability and efficiency by utilizing a clever adjustment pertained to the logistic model. It is particularly useful for classification with large and imbalanced data. This paper proposes a more general sampling scheme based on a working principle that data points deserve higher sampling probability if they contain more information or appear "surprising" in the sense of, for example, a large error of pilot prediction or a large absolute score. Compared with the relevant existing sampling schemes, as reported in Fithian and Hastie (2014) and Ai, et al. (2018), the proposed one has several advantages. It adaptively gives out the optimal forms to a variety of objectives, including the LCC and Ai et al. (2018)'s sampling as special cases. Under same model specifications, the proposed estimator also performs no worse than those in the literature. The estimation procedure is valid even if the model is misspecified and/or the pilot estimator is inconsistent or dependent on full data. We present theoretical justifications of the claimed advantages and optimality of the estimation and the sampling design. Different from Ai, et al. (2018), our large sample theory are population-wise rather than data-wise. Moreover, the proposed approach can be applied to unsupervised learning studies, since it essentially only requires a specific loss function and no response-covariate structure of data is needed. Numerical studies are carried out and the evidence in support of the theory is shown.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Electrophoresis of Charged Colloids
Creators: name: Kim, Kang
name: Nakayama, Yasuya
name: Yamamoto, Ryoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a numerical method to simulate electrohydrodynamic phenomena in charged colloidal dispersions. This method enables us to compute the time evolutions of colloidal particles, ions, and host fluids simultaneously by solving Newton, advection-diffusion, and Navier--Stokes equations so that the electrohydrodynamic couplings can be fully taken into account. The electrophoretic mobilities of charged spherical particles are calculated in several situations. The comparisons with approximation theories show quantitative agreements for dilute dispersions without any empirical parameters, however, our simulation predicts notable deviations in the case of dense dispersions.
description: 4pages, 3figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
FOOD REGULATION AND TRADE: TOWARD A SAFE AND OPEN GLOBAL SYSTEM -- AN OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS
Creators: name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Roberts, Donna
name: Orden, David
name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Roberts, Donna
name: Orden, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: A synopsis is presented of challenges faced and WTO performance in disciplining national technical measures to achieve legitimate objectives in a least-trade-distorting manner. Importance of the measures and international disciplines are reviewed and evidence presented from multiple perspectives that suggests a limited constructive WTO role.
A METHOD FOR COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF COUNTRIES WITH DISTINCT TECHNOLOGIES
Creators: name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Jones, Keithly G.
name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Jones, Keithly G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: We divide countries into two technology categories: developed and developing. Agricultural efficiency within each technology category was calculated. Cross-category efficiency measures were developed and combined with own-category measures to develop a technical difference index. Results indicate convergence of efficiency within both categories but divergence of efficiency between the two categories.
The role of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the development of pulmonary emphysema
Creators: name: Dhami, Rajwinder Kaur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is the most important etiologic agent in the development of emphysema (defined as airspace enlargement in the lungs) which accounts for a growing number of deaths annually worldwide. The protease-antiprotease hypothesis has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of emphysema and states that an excessive proteolytic burden in the lung causes breakdown of connective tissue, leading to emphysema, although the specific proteases and antiproteases are not known. METHODS: Transgenic mice expressing the human alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1AT) gene were created and characterized. Markers of connective tissue breakdown, inflammatory cell numbers and elastase activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage after cigarette smoke or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were measured. Mice were given weekly intratracheal LPS and lung morphology was assessed. RESULTS: Four transgenic lines expressed human a α1AT in either type II alveolar cells or type II alveolar and airway epithelial cells. Levels of human α1AT protein in the lung were low but protein was present in the pulmonary interstitium. The transgenic mice were immunologically tolerant to human α1AT . Acute cigarette smoke exposure resulted in increased elastin and collagen breakdown products in the lavage which correlated with increases in lavage PMNs. LPS instillation resulted in elastin breakdown associated with increased lavage PMN numbers, and collagen breakdown associated with an increase in macrophage numbers. Administration of A A T prevented the connective tissue breakdown in the smoke-exposed mice and prevented elastin breakdown, but not collagen breakdown in the LPS treated mice. Mice receiving weekly intratracheal instillations of LPS developed emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: α1AT expression in pulmonary cells results in delivery of the protein to the pulmonary interstitium where connective tissue components are vulnerable to proteolytic attack. These mice, because of their tolerance to human α1AT, are useful for long-term studies on the efficacy of human α1AT augmentation therapy. Connective tissue breakdown after acute cigarette smoke exposure is mediated by PMNderived proteases and is prevented by α1AT. LPS-mediated lung injury is associated with both PMN serine elastases and collagenolytic proteases most likely derived from macrophages. A model of chronic LPS-mediated emphysema has been developed and is available for future studies of α1AT augmentation therapy.
Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies
Creators: name: Kalirajan Rajagopal
name: Potlapati Varakumar
name: Baliwada Aparna
name: Gowramma Byran
name: Srikanth Jupudi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a life-threatening disease, is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The targeted therapeutics of small molecules helps the scientific community to fight against SARS-CoV-2. In this article, some oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines (A1–A48) was designed by docking, MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for their COVID-19 inhibitory activity. The docking of ligands A1–A48 against SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5R82) are performed by using Glide module, in silico ADMET screening by QikProp module, binding energy using Prime MM-GB/SA module, MD simulation by Desmond module and atomic charges were derived by Jaguar module of Schrodinger suit 2019-4. Compound A38 has the highest G-score (−7.83) when compared to all the standard compounds which are proposed for COVID-19 treatment such as ritonavir (−7.48), lopinavir (−6.94), nelfinavir (−5.93), hydroxychloroquine (−5.47) and mataquine (−5.37). Compounds A13, A23, A18, A7, A48, A46, A32, A20, A1 and A47 are significantly active against SARS-CoV-2 main protease when compared with hydroxychloroquine and mataquine. The residues GLN19, THR24, THR25, THR26, LEU27, HIE41, SER46, MET49, ASN119, ASN142, HIE164, MET165, ASP187, ARG188 and GLN189 of SARS-CoV-2 main protease play a crucial role in binding with ligands. The in silico ADMET properties of the molecules are within the recommended values. The binding free energy was calculated using PRIME MM-GB/SA studies. From the ligands A38, A13, A23, A18, A7, A48 and A46 with significant Glide scores may produce significant COVID-19 activity for further development. Compound A38 was subjected to MD simulation at 100 ns to study the dynamic behaviour of protein–ligand complex. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Astrophysical Gyrokinetics: Basic Equations and Linear Theory
Creators: name: Howes, Gregory G.
name: Cowley, Steven C.
name: Dorland, William
name: Hammett, Gregory W.
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Schekochihin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is encountered in a wide variety of astrophysical plasmas, including accretion disks, the solar wind, and the interstellar and intracluster medium. On small scales, this turbulence is often expected to consist of highly anisotropic fluctuations with frequencies small compared to the ion cyclotron frequency. For a number of applications, the small scales are also collisionless, so a kinetic treatment of the turbulence is necessary. We show that this anisotropic turbulence is well described by a low frequency expansion of the kinetic theory called gyrokinetics. This paper is the first in a series to examine turbulent astrophysical plasmas in the gyrokinetic limit. We derive and explain the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations and explore the linear properties of gyrokinetics as a prelude to nonlinear simulations. The linear dispersion relation for gyrokinetics is obtained and its solutions are compared to those of hot-plasma kinetic theory. These results are used to validate the performance of the gyrokinetic simulation code {\tt GS2} in the parameter regimes relevant for astrophysical plasmas. New results on global energy conservation in gyrokinetics are also derived. We briefly outline several of the problems to be addressed by future nonlinear simulations, including particle heating by turbulence in hot accretion flows and in the solar wind, the magnetic and electric field power spectra in the solar wind, and the origin of small-scale density fluctuations in the interstellar medium.
description: emulateapj, 24 pages, 10 figures, revised submission to ApJ: references added, typos corrected, reorganized and streamlined
Solar Hydrogen Burning and Neutrinos
Creators: name: Haxton, W. C.
name: Parker, P. D.
name: Rolfs, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the current status of laboratory measurements of nuclear cross sections of the pp chain and CN cycle. We discuss the connections between such measurements, predictions of solar neutrino fluxes, and the conclusion that solar neutrinos oscillate before reaching earth.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
PRODUCT QUALITY AND THE DEMAND FOR FOOD: THE CASE OF URBAN CHINA
Creators: name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Dong, Diansheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System is used to examine the structure of food demand for a sample of urban Chinese households. The dual choice of product quality and quantity is accounted for in the econometric model via the inclusion of simultaneously estimated unit-value equations.
THE FARM-WHOLESALE PRICE SPREAD IN AN IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MARKET: A DYNAMIC APPROACH
Creators: name: Herrera, Jose E.
name: Herrera, Jose E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The time series properties of the farm-wholesale price spread are used to generate conjectural elasticities, measuring marketing firms' market power in a commodity market. Results show that dynamic models improve upon traditional static models by capturing intertemporal supply and prices effects. Efficiency gains of the estimates are also observed.
INCREASING CONCENTRATION IN THE U.S. HARD WHEAT MILLING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Carton, Olivier
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Carton, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Industrial Organization

description: This research shows that increased concentration in the U.S. wheat milling industry has not led to noncompetive pricing in upstream or downstream markets. Increased concentration has helped to reduce the marketing margin by $0.65 for every 100 pounds of flour produced. This is about 7% of the average marketing margin.