Diura knowltoni
Creators: name: Nelson, Charles H.
name: Nelson, C. Riley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Diura
Diura knowltoni

description: <i>Diura knowltoni</i> (Frison, 1937) Nearctic Springfly http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:932 Figs. 61–73, 79–81 <i>Dictyopterygella knowltoni</i> Frison 1937:89. Holotype &amp;male;, Logan, Utah. <i>Diura</i> (<i>Dolkrila</i>) <i>knowltoni</i> Ricker 1952:138 <i>Diura knowltoni</i> Illies 1966:383 <i>Diura knowltoni</i> Zwick 1973:228 <i>Diura knowltoni</i> DeWalt et al. 2018 <b>Material examined.</b> Specimens of <i>D. knowltoni</i> examined for this study conform with previous descriptions and illustrations of this species (Frison 1937, 1942, Jewett 1959, Gaufin et al. 1966, Gaufin et al. 1972, Baumann et al. 1977, Stark and Szczytko 1984, Stark et al. 1988, Stewart and Oswood 2006): <b>Canada</b>; <i>Alberta</i>: Oldham River, Highway 22 north of Lundbreck, Baumann &amp; Liu, 4&amp;male;, 3&amp;female; (BYU). <b>USA;</b> <i>Colorado;</i> Mineral County, Pass Creek, 46° F, elev. 3048 m, Ross &amp; Ross, 14 June 1954, 4&amp;male;, 5&amp;female; (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D33]. Summit Co., Blue River, S. of Breckenridge, B.C. Kondratieff, 5 June 1990, 2&amp;male;, 3&amp;female;, 2 larvae (CHNC). Larimer Co., Fall River Pass, near Estes Park, C.P. Alexander, 19 August 1934, 1&amp;female; (CHNC). <i>Montana;</i> Ponderosa Co., South Fork of Sun River, Lewis and Clark National Forest, R. M. Duffield, 15 July 2000, 1&amp;female; (CHNC). <i>Utah</i>; Cache Co., Logan Canyon, R. E. Nye, 23 April 1938, 1&amp;male; (CHNC). Emery Co., Huntington Creek, Stewart Stn, 6 June 1975, 5&amp;male;, 4&amp;female; (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D34] <i>Wyoming</i>; Grand Teton National Park, Pilgrim Creek at junction US Highway 89&amp; 287, 1 mile S Colter Bay 6800’, J.W. Richardson &amp; S.L. Jensen, 1&amp;male;, 3&amp;female; (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher D35]. <b>Adult habitus.</b> General color dark brown to black in life (Stark et al. 1998). Markings on head and pronotum similar to <i>D. washingtoniana</i> and <i>D. bicaudata</i>, except that the sub-triangular yellow interocellular spot is broadly continuous with the longitudinal, yellow median band of the vertex and occiput (Figs. 61, 70). Meso- and metaeusterna yellow with lateral areas dark brown (Fig. 62). Mesothoracic sternum with an incomplete sternacostal suture separating the basisternum from the furcasternum (Fig. 62). <b>Male.</b> Body length longer than <i>D. nanseni</i>, similar to <i>D</i>. <i>washingtoniana</i> and <i>D. bicaudata</i>. Macropterous, forewing length similar to <i>D. washingtoniana</i> and <i>D. nanseni</i>. Tergum 8 (Fig. 63) exhibits a broad chaliceshaped light-colored area; setose, lacking short, stout sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 (Fig. 63) similar to that of <i>D. washingtoniana</i> in that it is nearly divided by a longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median band that extends from the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; setose and on each side of the mesal band exhibits a semicircular area of short, stout sensilla basiconica; immediately laterad of each sensilla basiconica patch there is a broad light-colored band. Tergum 10 pattern of sclerotization similar to <i>D</i>. <i>bicaudata</i> – the median pale, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized strip is interrupted mesally by a darkly sclerotized band connecting the adjacent darkly sclerotized tergal halves; setose with a single, mesal patch of a few short, stout sensilla basiconica. Epiproct also absent. Each paraproct caudal projection in dorsal and ventral views with its outer surface exhibiting a bluntly pointed protuberance (Figs. 63, 65, 66, 71); setal lengths generally less than those of <i>D. washingtoniana</i> and D. <i>nanseni</i>; in lateral view (Figs. 64, 65, 72) the caudal projection of each side is somewhat sub-triangular and tapers to a bluntly pointed apical margin. <b>Female.</b> Body length longer than <i>D. nanseni</i>, similar to <i>D. washingtoniana</i> and <i>D. bicaudata</i>. Macropterous, forewing length similar to preceding species. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (Fig. 67). Subgenital plate similar to preceding species by exhibiting variable shapes (Figs. 68. 73), ca. 3.8 – 4.6x wider than long. Vagina and spermatheca membranous; spermatheca (Fig. 45 s), similar to that of <i>D. bicaudata</i>, ovoid or egg-shaped, nearly as long as wide (1.3x longer than wide); spermathecal duct (sd) 0.5x length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag). <b>Larva.</b> Originally described by Frison (1942), other information provided by Stewart and Stark (1984, 2002, 2008) and Stark et al. (1998). Similar to preceding species except that abdominal tergites have broad areas of light color giving the impression that the larva is yellow to light brown with dark brown markings, spinulae pattern of pronotal margins (Fig. 79) similar to <i>D</i>. <i>washingtoniana</i> and <i>D</i>. <i>nanseni</i> <i>.</i> <b>Egg.</b> Initially described by Knight et al. (1965). Collar forms a Y-shaped, triradiate ridge (Stark &amp; Szczytko 1984). Anchor uniquely comprised of three rounded mushroom-shaped plates each located between the arms of the ridged collar (Figs. 80, 81). Chorionic surface similar to preceding three species (Figs. 80, 81).
description: Published as part of <i>Nelson, Charles H. &amp; Nelson, C. Riley, 2018, Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners, pp. 1-29 in Illiesia 14 (1)</i> on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4761152
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