cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
TRACE: a code for Time-Reversible Astrophysical Close Encounters
Creators: name: Lu, Tiger
name: Hernandez, David M.
name: Rein, Hanno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present TRACE, an almost time-reversible hybrid integrator for the planetary N-body problem. Like hybrid symplectic integrators, TRACE can resolve close encounters between particles while retaining many of the accuracy and speed advantages of a fixed time-step symplectic method such the Wisdom-Holman map. TRACE switches methods time-reversibly during close encounters following the prescription of Hernandez & Dehnen. In this paper we describe the derivation and implementation of TRACE and study its performance for a variety of astrophysical systems. In all our test cases, TRACE is at least as accurate and fast as the hybrid symplectic integrator MERCURIUS. In many cases, TRACE's performance is vastly superior to that of MERCURIUS. In test cases with planet-planet close encounters, TRACE is as accurate as MECURIUS with a 12x speed-up. If close encounters with the central star are considered, TRACE achieves good error performance while MERCURIUS fails to give qualitatively correct results. In ensemble tests of violent scattering systems, TRACE matches the high-accuracy IAS15 while providing a 15x speed-up. In large N systems simulating lunar accretion, TRACE qualitatively gives the same results as IAS15 but at a 41x speed-up. We also discuss some cases such as von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycles where hybrid integrators perform poorly and provide some guidance on which integrator to use for which system. TRACE is freely available within the REBOUND package.
description: Published in MNRAS. Minor changes
Mimetic gravity in $(2+1)$-dimensions
Creators: name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important achievements in general relativity has been discovery of the $(2+1)$-dimensional black hole solutions of Einstein gravity in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf69}, 1849 (1992)]. In this paper, we construct, for the first time, the $(2+1)$-dimensional solutions of mimetic theory of gravity. These solutions may provide a powerful background to investigate the physical properties of mimetic gravity and examine its viability in lower spacetime dimensions. In particular, some physical properties of stationary black hole solutions of this theory in the presence of charge or angular momentum are investigated.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Imom al-Buxoriy hazratlari madaniy merosi
Creators: name: S.O'rolov, Toshkent axborot texnalogiyalari universiteti Samarqand filiali AKTKT fakulteti 23.01-guruh talabasi
name: Ilmiy rahbar: X.U.Samatov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: ushbu  maqolada  Imom  al-Buxoriy  hazratlarining  hayoti, allomaning yozgan xadislari, ta’lim olgan madrasalari, ibratli hayot yo’llari, islom dini rivojiga qo’shgan hissasi haqida so’z yuritiladi.
Stories of nicotine dependence told by teenage girls : a narrative inquiry
Creators: name: Moffat, Barbara Marian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The prevalence of smoking cigarettes has increased among teenage girls over the last decade. Smoking onset typically begins during adolescence and is associated with subsequent nicotine dependence. Much of the research on tobacco use neglects the perspective of teenage girls. While nicotine dependence is well documented among this population, little is known about the meaning that teenage girls ascribe to nicotine dependence. In this qualitative study, narrative inquiry was used to explore the meaning of nicotine dependence among teenage girls within the context of their lives and patterns of smoking. Twelve teenage girls, aged 14 to 17, participated in this investigation and all had recent experience with smoking. Data analysis of in-depth interviews focused on structure, content and interpersonal factors as well as the language used in stories about nicotine dependence. The study findings point to the importance of semantics and identity issues as teenage girls tell stories about nicotine dependence. In addition, this investigation provides important insights into how teenage girls portray themselves and others with regards to nicotine dependence. Three narratives emerged in this inquiry that include Invincibility, Giving In and Unanticipated Addiction. In the first narrative, those who felt invincible described how they were in control of their smoking and not addicted to cigarettes. In the second narrative, participants who were giving in told stories about yielding to external forces and smoking. In the third narrative about unanticipated addiction, storytellers described their surprise upon realizing that they were addicted to cigarettes. In addition, two subnarratives entitled Needing to Quit and Repeating History are presented. In the first sub narrative, Needing to Quit, participants described how they knew that they needed to quit smoking and how they would quit later. In the second sub-narrative about repeating history, participants contrasted their mothers' nicotine dependence with their own smoking. The findings in this study have vital implications for health-care professionals who work with teenage girls who smoke and provide direction for ongoing smokingcessation interventions for both social smokers and regular smokers. Including "the voices" of teenage girls is paramount in our continued efforts at tobacco reduction within this population.
The $J^P=1^+$ $ud\bar s\bar s$ Tetraquark
Creators: name: Cui, Ying
name: Chen, Xiao-Lin
name: Deng, Wei-Zhen
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the color-magnetic interaction Hamiltonian with SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, we perform a schematic study of the masses of the $J^P=1^+$ tetraquarks in the anti-decuplet representation. After diagonalizing the mass matrix, we find the $ud\bar s\bar s$ tetraquark lies around 1347 MeV. It decays into $K^+K^0π^0, K^+K^+π^-, K^0K^0π^+$ via P-wave. The dual suppression from the not-so-big three-body phase space and P-wave decay barrier may render this exotic state rather narrow. Future experimental exclusion of this state will cast doubt on the validity of applying the simple color-magnetic Hamiltonian to the multiquark system.
Analyzing the Cost and Returns of Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Asante Akim South in Ghana
Creators: name: Neizer, Evans Kingley
name: Frimpong-Anin, Kofi
name: Mintah, Paul
name: Neizer, Evans Kingley
name: Frimpong-Anin, Kofi
name: Mintah, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: cocoa
subject: crop
subject: fertilizer
subject: household
subject: income
subject: labour
subject: vegetable

description: Managing crop production as a business among smallholder farmers is a challenge. This farmers’ survey therefore assessed farm activities and their economic implications to smallholder farmers, with special reference on cocoa farmers, using structured questionnaire. Farmers and their household were found to be greatly involved in providing labour for all key farm activities such as weed management, pesticide application and harvesting. This labour was not priced by most farmers and therefore estimated expenditure on managing the farms were lower than actual cost incurred. Cocoa formed 75% of total landholdings with 3-4 acres and < 3acres being the modal farm size for cocoa and supplementary crops (vegetables, plantain, oil palm, cassava and maize) respectively. Although applying fertilizer to cocoa increased yield by over 144%, majority of the farmers did not consistently apply it due to purported high price. Vegetables were the only crop that fertilizer was consistently applied to, and even that it was below recommended rates. Yearly variable margin from cocoa treated with fertilizer was GHS 837 (US$ 190)/acre compared to GHS 548 (US$ 125)/acre of cocoa without fertilizer, thereby justifying the use of fertilizer. The annual variable margin from supplementary crops ranged GHS 162-274 (US$37-62)/acre/year, depending on the type of crop. Based on the statistical mode of 4-6 persons per household, 3-4 acres of cocoa and 0.5-2.5 acres of supplementary crops, the yearly returns of GHS 2,511-3,348 (US$ 570-761) from cocoa (with fertilizer) and GHS 81-685 (US$ 18.41-155.68) from supplementary crops was inadequate. Promoting other low capital input ventures like snail rearing, mushroom production and bee keeping will be of immense support to the farmer’s household.
Quantum phase transition at non-zero doping in a random $t$-$J$ model
Creators: name: Shackleton, Henry
name: Wietek, Alexander
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact diagonalization results on finite clusters of a $t$-$J$ model of spin-1/2 electrons with random all-to-all hopping and exchange interactions. We argue that such random models capture qualitatively the strong local correlations needed to describe the cuprates and related compounds, while avoiding lattice space group symmetry breaking orders. The previously known spin glass ordered phase in the insulator at doping $p=0$ extends to a metallic spin glass phase up to a transition $p=p_c \approx 1/3$. The dynamic spin susceptibility shows signatures of the spectrum of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models near $p_c$. We also find signs of the phase transition in the entropy, entanglement entropy and compressibility, all of which exhibit a maximum near $p_c$. The electron energy distribution function in the metallic phase is consistent with a disordered extension of the Luttinger-volume Fermi surface for $p>p_c$, while this breaks down for $p
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Renormalization of the nonprojectable Horava theory
Creators: name: Bellorin, Jorge
name: Borquez, Claudio
name: Droguett, Byron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the proof of renormalization of the Horava theory, in the nonprojectable version. We obtain a form of the quantum action that exhibits a manifest BRST-symmetry structure. Previous analysis has shown that the divergences produced by irregular loops cancel completely between them. The remaining divergences are local. The renormalization is achieved by using the approach developed by Barvinsky et al. with the background-field formalism.
description: v3: We have added more explanation on the boundary conditions. Other minor corrections
Crossing Borders: Security and Privacy Issues of the European e-Passport
Creators: name: Hoepman, Jaap-Henk
name: Hubbers, Engelbert
name: Jacobs, Bart
name: Oostdijk, Martijn
name: Schreur, Ronny Wichers
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The first generation of European e-passports will be issued in 2006. We discuss how borders are crossed regarding the security and privacy erosion of the proposed schemes, and show which borders need to be crossed to improve the security and the privacy protection of the next generation of e-passports. In particular we discuss attacks on Basic Access Control due to the low entropy of the data from which the access keys are derived, we sketch the European proposals for Extended Access Control and the weaknesses in that scheme, and show how fundamentally different design decisions can make e-passports more secure.
The mass of the black hole in 3C 273
Creators: name: Paltani, S.
name: Turler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we apply the reverberation method to determine the mass of the black hole in 3C273 from the Ly a and C iv emission lines using archival IUE observations. Following the standard assumptions of the method, we find a maximum-likelihood estimate of the mass of 6.59 10^9 Mo, with a 1 sigma confidence interval 5.69-8.27 10^9 Mo. This estimate is more than one order of magnitude larger than that obtained in a previous study using Balmer lines. We reanalyze the optical data and show that the method applied to the Ha, Hb, and Hg Balmer lines produce mass estimates lower by a factor 2.5, but already much larger than the previous estimate derived from the same lines. The finding of such a high mass in a face-on object is a strong indication that the gas motion is not confined to the accretion disk. The new mass estimate makes 3C273 accreting with an accretion rate about six times lower than the Eddington rate. We discuss the implications of our result for the broad-line-region size and black-hole mass vs luminosity relationships for the set of objects for which reverberation black-hole masses have been obtained. We find that, while objects with super-Eddington luminosities might theoretically be possible, their existence is not necessarily implied by this sample.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 10 pages, 9 figures
Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water: Experiments with Regulations and Markets Linking Watersheds with Downstream Water Users
Creators: name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Reeson, Andrew
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Finlayson, John D.
name: Kelly, Jason A.
name: Hume, Iain H.
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Reeson, Andrew
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Finlayson, John D.
name: Kelly, Jason A.
name: Hume, Iain H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: experimental economics
subject: land use
subject: rival water uses
subject: MBI

description: Shortfalls in water supplies are perhaps the greatest practical NRM policy concern in Australia today, looming larger in many minds than the great international debates on greenhouse gasses, climate change and biodiversity. Because forest land cover uses more water than any other, wide expansion of upstream tree plantations can significantly reduce water yields upon which downstream urban, agricultural and wetlands depend. We consider the economic efficiency and equity (profitability and distributional) consequences of upstream land use change. The ‘environmental services’ of concern in our study are the mean annual quantities and qualities (volumes and salt concentrations) of water flowing from upper parts of a catchment to the downstream interests holding entitlements to that water. We consider the presence or absence of high salinity concentrations (C) in a tributary to the water supply of urban and other high-security users; the presence or absence of policy and/or markets giving strong incentives for upstream tree plantations (P); and the presence or absence of a policy that water entitlements (E) must be purchased from existing entitlement holders before new upstream tree plantations are allowed. A factorial experiment examining all eight ‘yes/no’ combinations of these conditions is defined to explore the associated distributions of upstream and downstream impacts.
Multiparticle Interference, GHZ Entanglement, and Full Counting Statistics
Creators: name: Sim, H. -S.
name: Sukhorukov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum transport in a generalized N-particle Hanbury Brown--Twiss setup enclosing magnetic flux, and demonstrate that the Nth-order cumulant of current cross correlations exhibits Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, while there is no such oscillation in all the lower-order cumulants. The multiparticle interference results from the orbital Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement of N indistinguishable particles. For sufficiently strong Aharonov-Bohm oscillations the generalized Bell inequalities may be violated, proving the N-particle quantum nonlocality.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, published version
Promoting Sustainable Development in Rural Communities: The Role of the University of Botswana
Creators: name: Tladi-Sekgwama, Flora
name: Ntseane, Gabo P.
name: Tladi-Sekgwama, Flora
name: Ntseane, Gabo P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: community engagement
subject: sustainable development
subject: sustainability

description: Universities are better placed through their community engagement mandates to provide solutions for sustainable community livelihoods. The paper uses the case of the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) strategy, regarded as both a conservation and rural development strategy in Botswana to demonstrate how a structured community engagement agenda can enable the University of Botswana to play a more impactful role in the successful implementation of nationally upheld development initiatives such as the CBNRM. Systems theory is applied to demonstrate the need for a university engagement strategy, working model, guide to CBNRM sustainable development activities and a framework for the maintenance of sustainable engagement partnerships. Literature review showed uncoordinated research activity in support of the CBNRM by different departments and institutes of the UB. While content analysis of the CBNRM draft policy objectives showed the UB being more impactful by focusing its community engagement on two modes: “sustainability partnerships” and “research committed to sustainability”.
Structure interactions in a reduced-order model for wall-bounded turbulence
Creators: name: Cavalieri, André V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New reduced-order models (ROMs) are derived for sinusoidal shear flow (also known as Waleffe flow) and plane Couette flow in small periodic domains. A first derivation for Waleffe flow exploits Fourier modes that form a natural orthonormal basis for the problem. A ROM for such basis is obtained by a Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equation. A large basis was reduced to 12 modes that contribute significantly in maintaining chaotic, turbulent dynamics. A key difference from earlier ROMs is the inclusion of two roll-streak structures, with spanwise wavelengths equal to $L_z$ and $L_z/2$, where $L_z$ is the spanwise length of the computational box. The resulting system was adapted to Couette flow by rewriting the Galerkin system for the same 12 modes, modified so as to satisfy no-slip conditions on the walls. The resulting dynamical systems lead to turbulence with finite lifetimes, in agreement with earlier ROMs and simulations in small domains. However, the present models display lifetimes that are much longer than in earlier ROMs, with differences of more than an order of magnitude. The Couette-flow model is compared to results of direct numerical simulation (DNS), with statistics displaying fair agreement. The inclusion of the $L_z$ and $L_z/2$ lengthscales is seen to be a key feature for longer turbulence lifetimes: neglecting any of the roll modes, or their non-linear interaction, leads to drastic reductions of turbulence lifetimes. The present ROMs thus highlight some of the dominant nonlinear interactions that are relevant in maintaining turbulence for long lifetimes.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
The Clean Development Mechanism and its Controversies
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Liu, Xuemei
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Liu, Xuemei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Development

description: The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has been proposed as a means of reducing the costs of abating greenhouse gasses, and for assisting developing countries. Although the CDM offers apparent environmental benefits, in addition to benefiting both investors and developing country hosts, it has generated considerable controversy. We review and evaluate the arguments surrounding the CDM and we provide new empirical evidence concerning its potential benefits.
The structural-size effect, aging time, and pressure-dependent functional properties of Mn-containing perovskite nanoparticles
Creators: name: Su, Danyang
name: Liedienov, N. A.
name: Kalita, V. M.
name: Fesych, I. V.
name: Xu, Wei
name: Bodnaruk, A. V.
name: Dzhezherya, Yu. I.
name: Li, Quanjun
name: Liu, Bingbing
name: Levchenko, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of nanoparticles are determined by their size and structure. When exposed to external pressure P, their structural properties can change. The improvement or degradation of the properties of the samples depending on time is particularly interesting. The knowledge of the influence of structural-size effect, aging time, and pressure on the behavior of the compounds is essential for fundamental and applied purposes.Therefore, the first attempts have been made to shed light on how the functional properties of the Mn-containing perovskites change depending on them. The nanoparticles of different sizes, from 20 to 70 nm, have been obtained. After 3 years, their structural properties underwent significant changes, including an increase in particle size, bandwidth, and microstrains, as well as a reduction in dislocation density.The greatest change in the structure is observed for the smallest nanoparticles. The phase transition temperatures increase with nanoparticle size, time, and pressure. The aging time has the strongest influence on the changing Curie temperature for the smallest and most magnetically inhomogeneous nanoparticles with dTc/dP = 100 K / GPa. Conversely, the structural-size effect and external pressure have the greatest influence on the biggest and most magnetically uniform nanoparticles with dTc/dP = 91 and 16 K / GPa, respectively. After 3 years, the biggest nanoparticles demonstrate the most stable phase transition temperatures with improved magnetocaloric parameters near room temperature. These structural-size effect, aging time, and pressure are powerful instruments to tune the phase transition temperatures and magnetocaloric effect of the nanoparticles. These outcomes may have implications for the whole class of perovskites and could initiate a new mainstream.
description: 57 pages, 33 figures
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Different Pro-Environmental Behaviours
Creators: name: Anda-Bianca Ciocirlan
name: Baird, Harriet M.
name: Rowe, Richard
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: pro-environmental behaviour
subject: sustainability
subject: systematic review

description: This is a registration of a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating relationships between different pro-environmental behaviours.
Dynamical study of 2D and 3D barred galaxy models
Creators: name: Manos, T.
name: Athanassoula, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of 2D and 3D barred galaxy analytical models, focusing on the distinction between regular and chaotic orbits with the help of the Smaller ALigment Index (SALI), a very powerful tool for this kind of problems. We present briefly the method and we calculate the fraction of chaotic and regular orbits in several cases. In the 2D model, taking initial conditions on a Poincaré $(y,p_y)$ surface of section, we determine the fraction of regular and chaotic orbits. In the 3D model, choosing initial conditions on a cartesian grid in a region of the $(x, z, p_y)$ space, which in coordinate space covers the inner disc, we find how the fraction of regular orbits changes as a function of the Jacobi constant. Finally, we outline that regions near the $(x,y)$ plane are populated mainly by regular orbits. The same is true for regions that lie either near to the galactic center, or at larger relatively distances from it.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the international conference "Chaos in Astronomy", Athens, Greece (talk contribution)
Dynamic self-consistent field approach for studying kinetic processes in multiblock copolymer melts
Creators: name: Schmid, Friederike
name: Li, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent field theory is a popular and highly successful theoretical framework for studying equilibrium (co)polymer systems at the mesoscopic level. Dynamic density functionals allow one to use this framework for studying dynamical processes in the diffusive, non-inertial regime. The central quantity in these approaches is the mobility function, which describes the effect of chain connectivity on the nonlocal response of monomers to thermodynamic driving fields. In a recent study [Mantha et al, Macromolecules 53, 3409 (2020)], we have developed a method to systematically construct mobility functions from reference fine-grained simulations. Here we focus on melts of linear chains in the Rouse regime and show how the mobility functions can be calculated semi-analytically for multiblock copolymers with arbitrary sequences without resorting to simulations. In this context, an accurate approximate expression for the single-chain dynamic structure factor is derived. Several limiting regimes are discussed. Then we apply the resulting density functional theory to study ordering processes in a two-length scale block copolymer system after instantaneous quenches into the ordered phase. Different dynamical regimes in the ordering process are identified: At early times, the ordering on short scales dominates; at late times, the ordering on larger scales takes over. For large quench depths, the system does not necessarily relax into the true equilibrium state. Our density functional approach could be used for the computer-assisted design of quenching protocols in order to create novel nonequilibrium materials.
description: Some typos have been corrected
Obermann, Heiko A.: Die Kirche im Zeitalter der Reformation
Creators: name: Gassmann, Günther
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 4 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 4
Hexagonal SU(3) Unification and its Manifestation at the TeV Scale
Creators: name: Cao, Qing-Hong
name: Chen, Shao-Long
name: Ma, Ernest
name: Rajasekaran, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider $SU(3)_{C}\times SU(2)_{AL}\times SU(2)_{BL}\times U(1)_{Y}$ as the low-energy subgroup of supersymmetric $SU(3)^{6}$ unification. This may imply small deviations from quark-lepton universality at the TeV scale, as allowed by neutron-decay data. New particles are predicted with specific properties. We discuss in particular the new heavy gauge bosons corresponding to $SU(2)_{AL} \times SU(2)_{BL} \to SU(2)_L$.
Countercyclical Price Movements during Periods of Peak Demand: Evidence from Grocery Retail Price for Avocados
Creators: name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: retail price
subject: retail price determination
subject: countercyclical price movement
subject: dynamic panel model
subject: GMM

description: Using a unique micro dataset and advanced panel models, this study examines the effects of demand shocks on grocery retail price for avocados, a key Californian fresh produce commodity. Retail prices for avocados exhibited countercyclical movements over seasonal demand shocks for avocados associated with some holidays and events. Demand for avocados is shown to be higher during some holidays/events, e.g., Christmas/New Year, Super Bowl Sunday, and Cinco de Mayo. Super Bowl Sunday and Cinco de Mayo are identified as holidays/events associated with idiosyncratic demand peaks for avocados, but not associated with high aggregate consumer demand. Retail price and margin were significantly lower during some holidays/events associated with high demand for avocados, e.g., Christmas/New Year, Super Bowl Sunday, and Cinco de Mayo. The study also shows that the increase in demand and decrease in retail price during holidays/events with demand peaks for avocados was present for both large and small sizes of avocados, and the size of demand increases and the size of price reductions were not statistically different between large and small size of avocados. Furthermore, shipping price did not change or increased slightly, and hence moved opposite from retail the price during most holidays/events with high demand for avocados. We examine and test the predictions by four classes of theories that put forward to explaining countercyclical price movements over demand peaks. Overall, the evidence provides support for the Lal and Matutes (1994) model that retailers reduce retail prices and/or margins during a commodity's high-demand periods, but does not support alternative explanations for countercyclical price movements, such as Bernheim and Whinston (1990), Warner and Barskey (1995), or Nevo and Hatzitaskos (2006). The findings are consistent with the findings by Chevalier, Kashyap, and Rossi (2003). The study estimates the effects of the CAC's promotion programs on retail sales, retail price, and shipping price at disaggregate level. The analysis demonstrates that the CAC's promotion programs were associated with positive retail sales. In particular, the evidence from the long-panel data suggests that the CAC's promotion programs were successful in raising avocado sales. There is no evidence that retailers charged higher prices during the CAC's promotions.
Welfare reform in Alberta and British Columbia : a comparative case study
Creators: name: Nash, Adrienne J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is a comparative case study of welfare reform in Alberta and British Columbia in the 1990s. It explores the predominant pressures on the social assistance systems emanating from the provincial, national and international arenas. It further identifies and compares the policy response of each province to these pressures and the consequences of the reforms for the respective governments and social assistance communities. Lastly, it attempts to account for the major similarities and differences between the two reformed welfare policies. This thesis argues that while Alberta's and British Columbia's welfare reforms share a number of notable similarities, they reflect fundamentally different models of welfare provision: Alberta's reforms follow a market-enforcement model while British Columbia's approximate a market-performance model. The similarities between the two policies are best accounted for as reactions to parallel pressures on the two welfare programs, specifically, rising welfare caseloads and program costs as well as the changing debate around the merits of government social assistance programs. Conversely, the differences between the two policies reflect the salience of distinctive pressures on each welfare system. In Alberta reform was driven by the influence of Alberta Family and Social Services Minister Mike Cardinal and the example of American welfare reforms while in BC the reforms were initiated on account of federal policy transformations and public perceptions of fraud. Finally, this thesis suggests that the specific models of welfare provision chosen in each case reflect the influence of each provinces' unique political context. The political ideology of the governing party in both provinces was a significant factor in determining the orientation of the reformed welfare policy. In Alberta the adoption of a market-enforcement model was further facilitated by the province's longstanding political culture while in British Columbia the influence of interest groups contributed to the creation of a social assistance policy closely resembling a market-performance model.
Delving into Choice Internals: A Joint Discrete Choice/Attribute Rating Model
Creators: name: Gubanova, Tatiana
name: Volinskiy, Dmitriy
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Gubanova, Tatiana
name: Volinskiy, Dmitriy
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Multi-attribute modeling has rapidly progressed from being a novelty to becoming a widely used tool of economic research. When both choice and attribute ratings data are available, a model that makes joint use of both offers informative inference opportunities. In the present study we develop a joint model which utilizes both choice and ratings data, allows for scale usage heterogeneity, is robust to violations of utility continuity and completeness. The model is used to obtain WTP estimates for genetically-modified content and country-of-origin attributes in an survey-based study of Canola oil labeling. The median survey respondent's WTP for non-GM Canola oil was found to be CA$0.92/liter. The median WTP for non-specification of GM content was found to be approximately 80% of the WTP for the explicitly non-GM-labeled product. The median WTP to purchase Canada-made Canola oil versus a U.S. product was estimated to be CA$0.86/liter.
Theoretical description of optical and X-ray absorption spectra of MgO including many-body effects
Creators: name: Begum, Vijaya
name: Gruner, Markus E.
name: Vorwerk, Christian
name: Draxl, Claudia
name: Pentcheva, Rossitza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report the optical and x-ray absorption (XAS) spectra of the wide-band-gap oxide MgO using density functional theory (DFT) and many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). Our comprehensive study of the electronic structure shows that while the band gap is underestimated with the exchange-correlation functional PBEsol (4.58 eV) and the hybrid functional HSE06 (6.58 eV) compared to the experimental value (7.7 eV), it is significantly improved (7.52 eV) and even overcompensated (8.53 eV) when quasiparticle corrections are considered. Inclusion of excitonic effects by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) yields the optical spectrum in excellent agreement with experiment. Excellent agreement is observed also for the O and Mg K-edge absorption spectra, demonstrating the importance of the electron-hole interaction within MBPT. Projection of the electron-hole coupling coefficients from the BSE eigenvectors on the band structure allows us to determine the origin of prominent peaks and identify the orbital character of the relevant contributions. The real space projection of the lowest energy exciton wavefunction of the optical spectrum indicates a Wannier-Mott type, whereas the first exciton in the O K-edge is more localized.
Distributed Threat Intelligence at the Edge Devices: A Large Language Model-Driven Approach
Creators: name: Hasan, Syed Mhamudul
name: Alotaibi, Alaa M.
name: Talukder, Sajedul
name: Shahid, Abdur R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the proliferation of edge devices, there is a significant increase in attack surface on these devices. The decentralized deployment of threat intelligence on edge devices, coupled with adaptive machine learning techniques such as the in-context learning feature of Large Language Models (LLMs), represents a promising paradigm for enhancing cybersecurity on resource-constrained edge devices. This approach involves the deployment of lightweight machine learning models directly onto edge devices to analyze local data streams, such as network traffic and system logs, in real-time. Additionally, distributing computational tasks to an edge server reduces latency and improves responsiveness while also enhancing privacy by processing sensitive data locally. LLM servers can enable these edge servers to autonomously adapt to evolving threats and attack patterns, continuously updating their models to improve detection accuracy and reduce false positives. Furthermore, collaborative learning mechanisms facilitate peer-to-peer secure and trustworthy knowledge sharing among edge devices, enhancing the collective intelligence of the network and enabling dynamic threat mitigation measures such as device quarantine in response to detected anomalies. The scalability and flexibility of this approach make it well-suited for diverse and evolving network environments, as edge devices only send suspicious information such as network traffic and system log changes, offering a resilient and efficient solution to combat emerging cyber threats at the network edge. Thus, our proposed framework can improve edge computing security by providing better security in cyber threat detection and mitigation by isolating the edge devices from the network.
Welfare Gains under Tradeable CO₂ Permits
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Liu, Xuemei
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Liu, Xuemei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: tradeable permits
subject: greenhouse gasses
subject: carbon reductions

description: Most environmentalists favor the reduction in CO2 emissions but oppose international trade in emissions permits Although economic theory provides a strong case in favor of trade in permits) there is little empirical evidence of the size of potential benefits. We estimate the benefits of this trade for OECD countries.
The flat synchrotron spectra of partially self-absorbed jets revisited
Creators: name: Kaiser, Christian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flat radio spectra with large brightness temperatures at the core of AGN and X-ray binaries are usually interpreted as the partially self-absorbed bases of jet flows emitting synchrotron radiation. Here we extend previous models of jets propagating at large angles to our line of sight to self-consistently include the effects of energy losses of the relativistic electrons due to the synchrotron process itself and the adiabatic expansion of the jet flow. We also take into account energy gains through self-absorption. Two model classes are presented. The ballistic jet flows, with the jet material travelling along straight trajectories, and adiabatic jets. Despite the energy losses, both scenarios can result in flat emission spectra, however, the adiabatic jets require a specific geometry. No re-acceleration process along the jet is needed for the electrons. We apply the models to observational data of the X-ray binary Cygnus X-1. Both models can be made consistent with the observations. The resulting ballistic jet is extremely narrow with a jet opening angle of only 5". Its energy transport rate is small compared to the time-averaged jet power and therefore suggests the presence of non-radiating protons in the jet flow. The adiabatic jets require a strong departure from energy equipartition between the magnetic field and the relativistic electrons. These models also imply a jet power two orders of magnitude higher than the Eddington limiting luminosity of a 10 solar mass black hole. The models put strong constraints on the physical conditions in the jet flows on scales well below achievable resolution limits.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Discovery of $\sim$2200 new supernova remnants in 19 nearby star-forming galaxies with MUSE spectroscopy
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Kreckel, K.
name: Sarbadhicary, S.
name: Egorov, Oleg V.
name: Groves, B.
name: Long, K. S.
name: Congiu, Enrico
name: Belfiore, Francesco
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Barnes, Ashley . T
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Lopez, Laura A.
name: Méndez-Delgado, J. Eduardo
name: Neumann, Justus
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Williams, Thomas G.
name: collaborators, PHANGS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the largest extragalactic survey of supernova remnant (SNR) candidates in nearby star-forming galaxies using exquisite spectroscopic maps from MUSE. Supernova remnants exhibit distinctive emission-line ratios and kinematic signatures, which are apparent in optical spectroscopy. Using optical integral field spectra from the PHANGS-MUSE project, we identify SNRs in 19 nearby galaxies at ~ 100~pc scales. We use five different optical diagnostics: (1) line ratio maps of [SII]/H$α$; (2) line ratio maps of [OI]/H$α$; (3) velocity dispersion map of the gas; (4) and (5) two line ratio diagnostic diagrams from BPT diagrams to identify and distinguish SNRs from other nebulae. Given that our SNRs are seen in projection against HII regions and diffuse ionized gas, in our line ratio maps we use a novel technique to search for objects with [SII]/H$α$ or [OI]/H$α$ in excess of what is expected at fixed H$α$ surface brightness within photoionized gas. In total, we identify 2,233 objects using at least one of our diagnostics, and define a subsample of 1,166 high-confidence SNRs that have been detected with at least two diagnostics. The line ratios of these SNRs agree well with the MAPPINGS shock models, and we validate our technique using the well-studied nearby galaxy M83, where all SNRs we found are also identified in literature catalogs and we recover 51% of the known SNRs. The remaining 1,067 objects in our sample are detected with only one diagnostic and we classify them as SNR candidates. We find that ~ 35% of all our objects overlap with the boundaries of HII regions from literature catalogs, highlighting the importance of using indicators beyond line intensity morphology to select SNRs. [OI]/H$α$ line ratio is responsible for selecting the most objects (1,368; 61%), (abridged).
description: 35 pages, 24 figures,6 tables, submitted to A&A
Irreducible Multiplets of Three-Quark Operators on the Lattice: Controlling Mixing under Renormalization
Creators: name: Kaltenbrunner, Thomas
name: Göckeler, Meinulf
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High luminosity accelerators have greatly increased the interest in semi-exclusive and exclusive reactions involving nucleons. The relevant theoretical information is contained in the nucleon wavefunction and can be parametrized by moments of the nucleon distribution amplitudes, which in turn are linked to matrix elements of three-quark operators. These can be calculated from first principles in lattice QCD. However, on the lattice the problems of operator mixing under renormalization are rather involved. In a systematic approach we investigate this issue in depth. Using the spinorial symmetry group of the hypercubic lattice we derive irreducibly transforming three-quark operators, which allow us to control the mixing pattern.
description: 13 pages
HAS DEBT RESTRUCTURING FACILITATED STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION ON ISRAELI FAMILY FARMS?
Creators: name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Kimhi, Ayal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper analyzes structural transformation on Israeli family farms using longitudinal village-level data for the years 1992-2001, with particular emphasis on the effects of the 1985 debt crisis and the subsequent 1992 debt settlement legislation. Dynamic panel GMM estimation reveals a negative effect of the amount of debt, and a positive effect of reaching a debt restructuring agreement, on farm size. Reaching an agreement also had an indirect negative effect on the shift to off-farm work. No significant effect was found on farm exits. This implies that the debt restructuring legislation accomplished its goal of rehabilitating the farm sector, at least to some extent.
On knots, complements, and 6j-symbols
Creators: name: Wang, Hao Ellery
name: Yang, Yuanzhe Jack
name: Zhang, Hao Derrick
name: Nawata, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates the relation between colored HOMFLY-PT and Kauffman homology, $\text{SO}(N)$ quantum $6j$-symbols and $(a,t)$-deformed $F_K$. First, we present a simple rule of grading change which allows us to obtain the $[r]$-colored quadruply-graded Kauffman homology from the $[r^2]$-colored quadruply-graded HOMFLY-PT homology for thin knots. This rule stems from the isomorphism of the representations $(\mathfrak{so}_6,[r]) \cong (\mathfrak{sl}_4,[r^2])$. Also, we find the relationship among $A$-polynomials of SO and SU-type coming from a differential on Kauffman homology. Second, we put forward a closed-form expression of $\text{SO}(N)(N\geq 4)$ quantum $6j$-symbols for symmetric representations, and calculate the corresponding $\text{SO}(N)$ fusion matrices for the cases when representations $R = [1],[2]$. Third, we conjecture closed-form expressions of $(a,t)$-deformed $F_K$ for the complements of double twist knots with positive braids. Using the conjectural expressions, we derive $t$-deformed ADO polynomials.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, Mathematica files are attached; v2, minor corrections made, references added, and published version