cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Energy Estimation in Neutral Current Interactions and Prospects for Sterile Neutrino Searches
Creators: name: Furmanski, Andrew P.
name: Hilgenberg, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern neutrino detectors, particularly the large liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs) at SBN and DUNE, provide an unprecedented amount of information about GeV-scale interactions. By taking advantage of the excellent spatial and calorimetric resolution as well as the low tracking thresholds provided by LAr TPCs, we present a novel method of estimating the neutrino energy in neutral current interactions. This method has potential implications for the search for a sterile neutrino; it allows for the potential observation of spectral distortions due to sterile neutrino-induced oscillations in the neutral current neutrino energy spectrum. As an example, we use this method to perform an analysis of the statistics-only sensitivity to sterile neutrinos in the neutral current channel at SBN under a 3+1 model.
Land Rental Markets in the Process of Rural Structural Transformation: Productivity and Equity Impacts from China
Creators: name: Jin, Songqing
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: While the importance of land rental for overall economic development has long been recognized in theory, empirical evidence on the productivity and equity impact of such markets and the extent to which they realize their potential has been scant. Representative data from China's nine most important agricultural provinces illustrate the impact of rental markets on households' economic strategies, their welfare, and productivity of land use at the plot level. While there are positive impacts in each of these dimensions, transaction costs constrain participation by many producers, thus preventing rental markets from attaining their full potential. Factors that increase transaction costs are identified, together with a rough estimate of the productivity- and equity- impact of removing them.
Fries, Heinrich / Kretschmar, Georg (Hrsg.), Klassiker der Theologie
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 2 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 2
Fracton phases via exotic higher-form symmetry-breaking
Creators: name: Qi, Marvin
name: Radzihovsky, Leo
name: Hermele, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study p-string condensation mechanisms for fracton phases from the viewpoint of higher-form symmetry, focusing on the examples of the X-cube model and the rank-two symmetric-tensor U(1) scalar charge theory. This work is motivated by questions of the relationship between fracton phases and continuum quantum field theories, and also provides general principles to describe p-string condensation independent of specific lattice model constructions. We give a perspective on higher-form symmetry in lattice models in terms of cellular homology. Applying this perspective to the coupled-layer construction of the X-cube model, we identify a foliated 1-form symmetry that is broken in the X-cube phase, but preserved in the phase of decoupled toric code layers. Similar considerations for the scalar charge theory lead to a framed 1-form symmetry. These symmetries are distinct from standard 1-form symmetries that arise, for instance, in relativistic quantum field theory. We also give a general discussion on interpreting p-string condensation, and related constructions involving gauging of symmetry, in terms of higher-form symmetry.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures. v2: final published version, minor changes from v1
Time variation of the fine structure constant in decrumpling or TVSD model
Creators: name: Nasseri, Forough
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of a model universe with time variable space dimension (TVSD), known as decrumpling or TVSD model, we study the time variation of the fine structure constant. Using observational bounds on the present time variation of the fine structure constant, we are able to obtain the present time variation of spatial dimensions.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Additional file 2 of The prediction of hospital length of stay using unstructured data
Creators: name: Chrusciel, Jan
name: Girardon, François
name: Roquette, Lucien
name: Laplanche, David
name: Duclos, Antoine
name: Sanchez, Stéphane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Data formats used for modeling.
Global existence and uniform boundedness in a chemotaxis model with signal-dependent motility
Creators: name: Jiang, Jie
name: Laurençot, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Global existence is established for classical solutions to a chemotaxis model with signal-dependent motility for a general class of motility functions $γ$ which may in particular decay in an arbitrary way at infinity. Assuming further that $γ$ is non-increasing and decays sufficiently slowly at infinity, in the sense that $γ(s)\sim s^{-k}$ as $s\to\infty$ for some $k\in (0,N/(N-2)_+)$, it is also shown that global solutions are uniformly bounded with respect to time. The admissible decay of $γ$ at infinity here is higher than in previous works.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.02368
CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN THE U.S.: HOW EFFECTIVE ARE SCHOOL PREVENTION PROGRAMS?
Creators: name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Carreira, Rita I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: This study uses a logistic regression to analyze the 2004-2005 Arkansas Center for Health Improvement body mass index data from four school districts in Arkansas. We conclude that the probability of elementary school children being overweight or at risk of being overweight depends on economic factors, demographics, and food availability.
Neutral Current Neutrino Interactions at FASER$ν$
Creators: name: Ismail, Ahmed
name: Kling, Felix
name: Abraham, Roshan Mammen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In detecting neutrinos from the Large Hadron Collider, FASER$ν$ will record the most energetic laboratory neutrinos ever studied. While charged current neutrino scattering events can be cleanly identified by an energetic lepton exiting the interaction vertex, neutral current interactions are more difficult to detect. We explore the potential of FASER$ν$ to observe neutrino neutral current scattering $νN \to νN$, demonstrating techniques to discriminate neutrino scattering events from neutral hadron backgrounds as well as to estimate the incoming neutrino energy given the deep inelastic scattering final state. We find that deep neural networks trained on kinematic observables allow for the measurement of the neutral current scattering cross section over neutrino energies from 100 GeV to several TeV. Such a measurement can be interpreted as a probe of neutrino non-standard interactions that is complementary to limits from other tests such as oscillations and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Version published in PRD
Hydrodynamic Simulations of A Moving Substructure in A Cluster of Galaxies: Cold Fronts and Turbulence Generation
Creators: name: Takizawa, Motokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform three dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a moving substructure in a cluster of galaxies. We investigate dynamical evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM) in and around the substructure moving radially in the larger cluster's gravitational potential, and its observational consequences. After the substructure passes the larger cluster's center, a bow shock and clear contact discontinuity form in front of it. The contact discontinuity looks like a sharp cold front in the X-ray image synthesized from the simulation results. This agrees with a structure found in 1E 0657-56. The flow structure remains laminar before the first turnaround because the ram-pressure stripping is dominant over the development of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities on the boundary between the substructure and the ambient ICM. When a subcluster oscillates radially around the larger cluster's center, both Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities develop well and the flow structure becomes highly turbulent. Around the turnaround, the subcluster's cold gas is pushed out of its potential well. Therefore, the cold gas component appears to be in front of the subcluster. A relatively blunt cold front appears in the simulated X-ray image because the contact discontinuity is perturbed by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. This can explain the ICM structure found in A168.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Kateel, C. van / Maan, P.J. / Parmentier, M.F.G. (Hrsg.), Kracht in Zwakheit
Creators: name: Schuld, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 2 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 2
title: AI3SD Video: Design Fiction as a Method, and why we might use it to consider AI.
Creators: name: Jacobs, Naomi
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI, AI3SD Event, Artificial Intelligence, Design Fiction, Speculative Design

description: AI is a fast moving field that is rapidly advancing and becoming embedded in a multitude of sectors and applications. With such a fast pace, and excitement over the possibilities it allows, there is often a rush to get things going. This being the case, sometimes not enough time is spent considering the implications and unforeseen outcomes that might come from the introduction of new technologies, processes and practices. Ideas that seem plausible and useful can turn out to be problematic when actually implemented, by which time it is often too late. By using the methodology of speculative design, we can more closely examine these implications and outcomes before the technologies become a reality. This talk will introduce speculative design and give some examples of design fiction, a method wherein objects from fictional futures or alternate presents are created to provoke discussion and explore possibilities.
Unconventional Hall effect and its variation with Co-doping in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Rajeswari Roy
name: DuttaGupta, Samik
name: Patra, Chandan
name: Tretiakov, Oleg A.
name: Sharma, Sudarshan
name: Fukami, Shunsuke
name: Ohno, Hideo
name: Singh, Ravi Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted a lot of attention owing to the stabilization of long-range magnetic order down to atomic dimensions, and the prospect of novel spintronic devices with unique functionalities. The clarification of the magnetoresistive properties and its correlation to the underlying magnetic configurations is essential for 2D vdW-based spintronic devices. Here, the effect of Co-doping on the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of Fe3GeTe2 have been investigated. Magnetotransport measurements reveal an unusual Hall effect behavior whose strength was considerably modified by Co-doping and attributed to arise from the underlying complicated spin textures. The present results provide a clue to tailoring of the underlying interactions necessary for the realization of a variety of unconventional spin textures for 2D vdW FM-based spintronics.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World: Evidence from China
Creators: name: De Brauw, Alan
name: Giles, John
name: De Brauw, Alan
name: Giles, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Migration
subject: Migrant Networks
subject: Consumption
subject: Poverty
subject: Wealth
subject: Rural China

description: In this paper, we examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. We find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. We also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. We do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity. Instead, increased migration is associated with two significant changes for poorer households: increases both in the total labor supplied to productive activities and in the land per capita managed by the household. In examining the effect of migration, we pay considerable attention to developing and examining our identification strategy.
Additional file 1 of Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine (HAT) for sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis with sequential trial analysis
Creators: name: Na, Weilan
name: Shen, Huili
name: Li, Yichu
name: Qu, Dong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Search strategies
Higher dimensional cosmological model with a phantom field
Creators: name: Hong, S. T.
name: Lee, J.
name: Lee, T. H.
name: OH, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a higher dimensional gravity theory with a negative kinetic energy scalar field and a cosmological constant. We find that the theory admits an exact cosmological solution for the scale factor of our universe. It has the feature that the universe undergoes a continuous transition from deceleration to acceleration at some finite time. This transition time can be interpreted as that of recent acceleration of our universe.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; References added
Thrust Microstepping via Acceleration Feedback in Quadrotor Control for Aerial Grasping of Dynamic Payload
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashish
name: Behera, Laxmidhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose an end-to-end Thrust Microstepping and Decoupled Control (TMDC) of quadrotors. TMDC focuses on precise off-centered aerial grasping of payloads dynamically, which are attached rigidly to the UAV body via a gripper contrary to the swinging payload. The dynamic payload grasping quickly changes UAV's mass, inertia etc, causing instability while performing a grasping operation in-air. We identify that to handle unknown payload grasping, the role of thrust controller is crucial. Hence, we focus on thrust control without involving system parameters such as mass etc. TMDC is based on our novel Thrust Microstepping via Acceleration Feedback (TMAF) thrust controller and Decoupled Motion Control (DMC). TMAF precisely estimates the desired thrust even at smaller loop rates while DMC decouples the horizontal and vertical motion to counteract disturbances in the case of dynamic payloads. We prove the controller's efficacy via exhaustive experiments in practically interesting and adverse real-world cases, such as fully onboard state estimation without any positioning sensor, narrow and indoor flying workspaces with intense wind turbulence, heavy payloads, non-uniform loop rates, etc. Our TMDC outperforms recent direct acceleration feedback thrust controller (DA) and geometric tracking control (GT) in flying stably for aerial grasping and achieves RMSE below 0.04m in contrast to 0.15m of DA and 0.16m of GT.
Baxterization of solutions to reflection equation with Hecke R-matrix
Creators: name: Kulish, P. P.
name: Mudrov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $R$ be a Hecke solution to the Yang-Baxter equation and $K$ be a reflection equation matrix with coefficients in an associative algebra $\A$. Let $R(x)$ be the baxterization of $R$ and suppose that $K$ satisfies a polynomial equation with coefficients in the center of $\A$. We construct solutions to the reflection equation with spectral parameter relative to $R(x)$, in the form of polynomials in $K$.
description: 22 pages
Whale-watching and Herring Fishing: Joint or Independent Production?
Creators: name: Lee, Min-Yang A.
name: Lee, Min-Yang A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: whales
subject: fishing
subject: panel data
subject: search
subject: Ecosystem Based Management

description: The effects of "localized depletion" of a pelagic fishery (herring) on a non-extractive marine activity (tourism) are investigated. Proponents of the localized depletion theory claim that intense fishing effort can lead to areas that are unsuitable for predators like tuna, groundfish, and whales. This leads to poor outcomes for the fishing and whale-watching industries. However, there has been no consensus in the scientific community about the existence of this phenomenon. Localized depletion would be consistent with an economic theory of joint production, in which nearshore herring stocks are an input in production of both herring and whale-watching trips. A unique dataset of daily whale-watching outcomes is combined with fishing effort and oceanographic data. This dataset is used to test the hypothesis that intensive fishing effort increases the search time of whale-watching companies. Our results suggest that while fishing has a statistically significant impact on sightings, this magnitude of this effect is fairly small. Sightings seem to be determined mostly by large scale oceanographic processes. These results should be of interest to policymakers in determining future fishing regulations.
Design, Localization, Perception, and Control for GPS-Denied Autonomous Aerial Grasping and Harvesting
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashish
name: Behera, Laxmidhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a comprehensive UAV system design to perform the highly complex task of off-centered aerial grasping. This task has several interdisciplinary research challenges which need to be addressed at once. The main design challenges are GPS-denied functionality, solely onboard computing, and avoiding off-the-shelf costly positioning systems. While in terms of algorithms, visual perception, localization, control, and grasping are the leading research problems. Hence in this paper, we make interdisciplinary contributions: (i) A detailed description of the fundamental challenges in indoor aerial grasping, (ii) a novel lightweight gripper design, (iii) a complete aerial platform design and in-lab fabrication, and (iv) localization, perception, control, grasping systems, and an end-to-end flight autonomy state-machine. Finally, we demonstrate the resulting aerial grasping system Drone-Bee achieving a high grasping rate for a highly challenging agricultural task of apple-like fruit harvesting, indoors in a vertical farming setting (Fig. 1). To our knowledge, such a system has not been previously discussed in the literature, and with its capabilities, this system pushes aerial manipulation towards 4th generation.
Exploring the application of adaptive management and decision analysis to integrated watershed management
Creators: name: Ohlson, Daniel Ward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Integrated watershed management (IWM) is the process of planning and implementing water and other natural resources management strategies in watersheds with an emphasis on integrating biophysical, socio-economic and institutional considerations. Common difficulties faced by a large majority of IWM processes include reconciling conflicting objectives, managing watersheds as complete ecosystems, coping with uncertainty, and facilitating meaningful stakeholder participation. This thesis explores the application of adaptive management and decision analysis to these challenging aspects of IWM. Adaptive management (AM) is a systematic approach to improving management and accommodating change by learning from the outcomes of management policies and practices. It involves the design of formal management experiments, the explicit analytical treatment of uncertainty, and the development of ongoing monitoring and adjustment procedures. Decision analysis (DA) is an approach that provides structure for thinking systematically about complex decision situations. Aspects of the approach that are most relevant to IWM include structuring objectives based on stakeholder values, creating and evaluating innovative alternatives, assessing impacts based on subjective technical and value judgments, and dealing with risk and uncertainty. In the thesis, the literature on AM and DA is first summarized into a subset of principles and tools that appear to have the most potential to address prevalent problems in IWM. These are then integrated into a generic planning framework that can be applied to either guide or evaluate IWM processes. The application of this framework is tested through a case study of the Chapman and Gray Creeks IWM Plan process in coastal British Columbia. The results of the thesis suggest that AM and DA offer the means to address some, but not all, of the intractable characteristics of IWM. AM provides a formal approach to improving the quality of information over time and hence the understanding of ecosystem function. From a planning perspective, it may also help to break multi-stakeholder gridlock over controversial facts and assumptions by committing to a program of structured learning and continual adjustment. Decision analysis offers a structured way to attack complicated problems. It improves understanding of the relationships between objectives, alternatives and consequences. Again from a planning perspective, it can increase the transparency of decision making by breaking complex problems into manageable sub-components, structuring information and focusing on key trade-offs. Practical resource constraints limit the relevance of some of the more sophisticated tools of AM and DA, but other tools have the potential for more widespread application. The thesis includes recommendations for improving IWM processes in community watersheds within the provincial planning framework in British Columbia and for areas of further study.
An In-Plane $J_2$-Invariance Condition and Control Algorithm for Highly Elliptical Satellite Formations
Creators: name: Kulik, Jackson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phased formations of satellites provide an important means of keeping multiple satellites in close proximity without becoming dangerously close to one another. In order to minimize the amount of propellant necessary to keep a set of satellites in a phased formation, this paper presents a new condition for in-plane linearized secular J2-invariance in highly eccentric orbits. A maintenance strategy outlined here combats the growth of out-of-plane motion, and the delta-v cost of this strategy is analyzed. For context, this paper also discusses relevant formations that benefit from this condition and maintenance strategy. A highly elliptical perching formation called the boomerang perch is also discussed.
Did the Baby Boom Cause the Farm-Size Boom?
Creators: name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Key, Nigel D.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Key, Nigel D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: farm structure
subject: demographic shift
subject: age distribution
subject: farm size distribution

description: Growing farm size has generally been explained by technological advances that have allowed farmers to substitute capital for labor. Another possible factor in explaining recent farm size is the demographic shift: the age distribution of farmers has shifted to the right and older farmers generally operate larger farms than younger farmers. This paper uses data from the 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002 Agricultural Censuses to examine the relative importance of the demographic shift versus technological factors in explaining overall farm size growth. Results indicate that farm sizes tend to increase with age and that, holding age constant, the typical farm-size has increased over time for all ages, presumably due to technological change. The age-distribution shift is combined with the age-specific farm-size shift, to provide a preliminary estimate of the effect of the age distribution shift and technological change on average farm size growth.
Measuring the Effects of Environmental Regulations: The Critical Importance of a Spatially Disaggregated Analysis
Creators: name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Bento, Antonio M.
name: Lowe, Scott E.
name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Bento, Antonio M.
name: Lowe, Scott E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Air Pollution
subject: Clean Air Act
subject: Spatial Modeling

description: We examine the effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) on ambient concentrations of PM10 in the United States between 1990 and 2005. Consistent with prior literature, we find that non-attainment designation has no effect on the average monitor in non-attainment counties, after controlling for weather, socioeconomic characteristics at the county level and lagged concentrations. In sharp contrast, if we allow for heterogeneous treatment by type of monitor and county, we do find that the 1990 CAAA produced substantial effects. Our estimation results suggest that non-attainment counties with single monitors experienced a drop in concentrations of 10.5% relative to attainment counties. In non-attainment counties with multiple monitors, the overall effect of the regulation is an increase of ambient PM10 concentrations by 1.9%. The dirtiest monitors in these counties, however, experienced drops in PM10 of 6.1%, which suggest that regulators focus their attention on the dirtiest monitors.
Asymptotic convergence of evolving hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Mantegazza, Carlo
name: Pozzetta, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53E40, 35R01, 46N20

description: If $ψ:M^n\to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ is a smooth immersed closed hypersurface, we consider the functional $\mathcal{F}_m(ψ) = \int_M 1 + |\nabla^m ν|^2 \, dμ$, where $ν$ is a local unit normal vector along $ψ$, $\nabla$ is the Levi-Civita connection of the Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$, with $g$ the pull-back metric induced by the immersion and $μ$ the associated volume measure. We prove that if $m>\lfloor n/2 \rfloor$ then the unique globally defined smooth solution to the $L^2$-gradient flow of $\mathcal{F}_m$, for every initial hypersurface, smoothly converges asymptotically to a critical point of $\mathcal{F}_m$, up to diffeomorphisms. The proof is based on the application of a Lojasiewicz-Simon gradient inequality for the functional $\mathcal{F}_m$.
Raman Measurements and Stress Analysis in Gallium Ion Implanted Gallium Nitride Epitaxial Layers on Sapphire
Creators: name: Mal, S.
name: Singha, A.
name: Dhara, S.
name: Roy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we estimate hydrostatic stress developed in gallium ion implanted gallium nitride epitaxial layers using Raman measurements. We have calculated deformation potential constants for $E_2$(high) mode in these epi-layers. The presence of a polar phonon-plasmon coupling in these systems has also been demonstrated. In as-implanted samples, with an increase in implantation fluence, we have observed disorder-activated Raman scattering.
description: 26pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Global, regional, and national quality of care of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990–2017
Creators: name: Khanali, Javad
name: Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza
name: Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
name: Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
name: Rezaei, Negar
name: Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
name: Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
name: Mohammadi, Esmaeil
name: Rezaei, Nazila
name: Yoosefi, Moein
name: Keykhaei, Mohammad
name: Farzi, Yosef
name: Gorgani, Fateme
name: Larijani, Bagher
name: Farzadfar, Farshad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Details of the mathematical calculation of QCI for GBBTC.
Light excitations in 5-dimensional gauge theories
Creators: name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Wudka, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider general five-dimensional gauge theories compactified on on an orbifold S1/Z2 with all fields propagating in the bulk. We propose a generalized set of boundary conditions and derive the general features of the low energy-spectrum. The results are illustrated with two simple examples.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; requires revtex4. Typo in equation (9) corrected
Fast Optical Transients from Stellar-Mass Black Hole Tidal Disruption Events in Young Star Clusters
Creators: name: Kremer, Kyle
name: Lu, Wenbin
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
name: Ye, Claire S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational evidence suggests that the majority of stars may have been born in stellar clusters or associations. Within these dense environments, dynamical interactions lead to high rates of close stellar encounters. A variety of recent observational and theoretical indications suggest stellar-mass black holes may be present and play an active dynamical role in stellar clusters of all masses. In this study, we explore the tidal disruption of main sequence stars by stellar-mass black holes in young star clusters. We compute a suite of over 3000 independent $N$-body simulations that cover a range in cluster mass, metallicity, and half-mass radii. We find stellar-mass black hole tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur at an overall rate of up to roughly $200\,\rm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$ in young stellar clusters in the local universe. These TDEs are expected to have several characteristic features, namely fast rise times of order a day, peak X-ray luminosities of at least $10^{44}\,\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$, and bright optical luminosities (roughly $10^{41}-10^{44}\,\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$) associated with reprocessing by a disk wind. In particular, we show these events share many features in common with the emerging class of Fast Blue Optical Transients.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Evaluating massive planar two-loop tensor vertex integrals
Creators: name: Groote, Stefan
name: Knodel, Markus M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the parallel/orthogonal space method, we calculate the planar two-loop three-point diagram and two rotated reduced planar two-loop three-point diagrams. Together with the crossed topology, these diagrams are the most complicated ones in the two-loop corrections necessary, for instance, for the decay of the Z^0 boson. Instead of calculating particular decay processes, we present the new algorithm which allows one to calculate arbitrary NNLO calculations for massive planar two-loop vertex functions in the general mass case. All integration steps up to the last two ones are performed analytically and will be implemented under xloops as part of the Mainz xloops-GiNaC project. The last two integrations are done numerically using methods like VEGAS and Divonne. Thresholds originating from Landau singularities are found and discussed in detail. In order to demonstrate the numeric stability of our methods we consider particular Feynman integrals which contribute to different physical processes. Our results can be generalized to the case of the crossed topology.
description: 51 pages in LaTeX, including 13 figures and 6 tables
Tariff reform in the presence of sector-specific distortions
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The problem of choosing second-best trade policies is modified by including sector-specific policies as well as tariffs. We obtain conditions under which reduction of the largest tariff is welfare improving. Formulae for the optimal tariff and sector-specific subsidy are used to study the design of optimal policy menus. The theory is illustrated by an empirical general equilibrium model of the U. S. economy which emphasizes agriculture. The model suggests that reductions in agricultural protection in the United States would be welfare improving.
Methods for selecting the optimal dynamic hedge when production is stochastic
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A dynamic hedging problem with stochastic production is solved. The optimal feedback rules recognize that future hedges will be chosen optimally based on the most current information. The resulting distribution of revenue is analyzed numerically. This analysis enables the hedger to select his appropriate level of risk aversion.
A dynamic model of oligopoly in the coffee export market
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: coffee
subject: dynamic oligopoly
subject: econometric
subject: subgame perfect Nash

description: A linear-quadratic, dynamic feedback oligopoly model that nests various market structures is used to estimate the degree of competitiveness and the adjustment paths of the two largest coffee exporters, Brazil and Colombia. Their estimated behavior is relatively competitive. This subgame perfect dynamic model is-compared to a standard static oligopoly model and the open-loop model (the dynamic generalization of the standard static model). Both classical and Bayesian tests of open-loop and feedback dynamic models are reported.
Judging attractiveness: Biases due to raters’ own attractiveness and intelligence
Creators: name: Sim, Stacy Yen-Lin
name: Saperia, Jenna
name: Brown, Jill Anne
name: Bernieri, Frank John
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Tennis and Dabbs (1975) reported that physically attractive males showed a positivity bias when rating the attractiveness of others. The opposite pattern was observed for females. We attempted to replicate and extend these findings by: (1) using self-assessed attractiveness rather than the experimentally derived attractiveness measure used in previous research, (2) using face-to-face interactions with targets as opposed to using photographs, and (3) examining the effect of another ego-involving attribute: intelligence. Consistent with previous research, attractiveness judgments made by men, but not women, correlated positively with their own self-perceived level of attractiveness (r = .51, p r = −.32, p = .001). Judgments of attractiveness are thus biased by a rater’s own attributes (e.g. attractiveness and intelligence), but these effects are not generalizable across men and women raters, and may be driven by different mechanisms.
Speed Reduction in School Zones
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
name: Havens, James H.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The use of flashing beacons together with signing has become somewhat standard throughout the country to alert drivers to the presence of school children and to regulate vehicle speed in school zones. Yellow beacons, usually two flashing alternately, may be used with both warning signs and regulatory signs. The only regulatory signs related to school zones are speed-limit signs. Both hazard identification beacons and speed-limit sign beacons are intended to operate only during hours when the warning and speed regulations are in effect. The effectiveness of signs and flashing lights in reducing speeds in school zones has been questioned.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of flasher beacons in reducing vehicle speeds in Kentucky. Speed measurements were made during flashing and non-flashing periods at 48 locations. The physical characteristics of each site were identified and compared to speed reductions. A large sample (120 of 424 school flashers currently maintained by the Bureau of Highways in 33 counties in central, northern, and northeastern Kentucky) was inspected to ascertain their condition and operation. This information was helpful in determining the reliability of the beacons in everyday operation.
Additional file 3 of Global, regional, and national quality of care of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990–2017
Creators: name: Khanali, Javad
name: Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza
name: Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
name: Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
name: Rezaei, Negar
name: Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
name: Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
name: Mohammadi, Esmaeil
name: Rezaei, Nazila
name: Yoosefi, Moein
name: Keykhaei, Mohammad
name: Farzi, Yosef
name: Gorgani, Fateme
name: Larijani, Bagher
name: Farzadfar, Farshad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Age-standardized Quality of Care Index in 21 GBD regions, 195 countries, and SDI quintiles in 1990 and 2017.
Prism graphs in tropical plane curves
Creators: name: Jacoby, Liza
name: Morrison, Ralph
name: Weber, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20, 52C05, 14T15

description: Any smooth tropical plane curve contains a distinguished trivalent graph called its skeleton. In 2020 Morrison and Tewari proved that the so-called big face graphs cannot be the skeleta of tropical curves for genus $12$ and greater. In this paper we answer an open question they posed to extend their result to the prism graphs, proving that they are the skeleton of a smooth tropical plane curve precisely when the genus is at most $11$. Our main tool is a classification of lattice polygons with two points than can simultaneously view all others, without having any one point that can observe all others.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Modification of Kentucky’s Adequacy-Rating Techniques
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Kentucky's adequacy-rating methods and procedures and to recommend improvements. The rating procedures used by planning engineers in the highway districts were found to be reliable and consistent. Kentucky's methods were found to be superior to methods used in most states, but several changes are recommended. Additions include credits for accident analysis for urban and rural sections, traffic control devices for urban areas, and traffic safety features for bridges. Skid resistance evaluation was changed from a subjective rating to a measured value. Points assigned to the various rating elements have been revised, and adjustment factors have been eliminated. Rate-Quality Control techniques are recommended for identifying hazardous highway sections.  Charts, graphs, and figures used in the rating process have been updated to meet 1976 design standards. Mileposts were located and recorded for all bridges and highway sections. The use of bridge inspectors' data was recommended in place of data obtained from more cursory inspections made by district planning engineers. A procedure to input data from the master file for the computation of bridge ratings was prepared.  Computerization of data handling is recommended to improve efficiency and minimize errors. A computer printout which would include point values of each rating element as well as the final rating of each bridge and highway section is proposed. The printout would include mileposts, reference points, and federal-aid route numbers.
A comment on market structure and the durability of goods
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Cosimano, Thomas F.
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Cosimano, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: This paper considers the effect of market structure on the durability of goods. A previous model is analyzed to provide conditions under which a monopolist provides less durable goods and a lower present value of services than the social optimum.
Additional file 4 of Global, regional, and national quality of care of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990–2017
Creators: name: Khanali, Javad
name: Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza
name: Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
name: Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar
name: Rezaei, Negar
name: Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
name: Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
name: Mohammadi, Esmaeil
name: Rezaei, Nazila
name: Yoosefi, Moein
name: Keykhaei, Mohammad
name: Farzi, Yosef
name: Gorgani, Fateme
name: Larijani, Bagher
name: Farzadfar, Farshad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Sex-specific age-standardized Quality of Care Index, and Gender Disparity Ratio in 21 GBD regions, 195 countries, and SDI quintiles in 1990 and 2017.
Farm Management and Environmental Issues in the EU
Creators: name: Vazzana, Concetta
name: Vazzana, Concetta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: In the framework of general progress towards sustainable development, a review of European Union policy for an environmentally sustainable form of agricultural production is provided. At European level, interest is increasingly focused on integration of environmental aspects into the general policy. Agriculture is recognised as being multifunctional in character, since it plays an important role in protecting rural areas. This has had a direct influence in changing the CAP, which in the past ten years has acquired environmental awareness, and many efforts have been made by Member States to reduce the pressure of agricultural practices on the environment. The results obtained with the application of the CAP) in terms of improvement of the environmental impact of agricultural activities are encouraging. But it is paramount to adopt better evaluation tools, by selecting and adopting specific indicators for the different types of pressure on the environment caused by human activity. The statistical data needed to define of a set of environmental indicators relevant to agriculture are still lacking or are neither homogeneous nor easily accessible. Finally, a methodological approach to a sustainable, environmentally sound farm management is proposed and its main aspects are examined. Also, a possible system of environmental accounting at farm level is suggested.
Rational three-spin string duals and non-anomalous finite size effects
Creators: name: Freyhult, Lisa
name: Kristjansen, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine by a one line computation the one-loop conformal dimension and the associated non-anomalous finite size correction for all operators dual to spinning strings of rational type having three angular momenta (J_1,J_2,J_3) on S^5. Finite size corrections are conjectured to encode information about string sigma model loop corrections to the spectrum of type IIB superstrings on AdS_5xS^5. We compare our result to the zero-mode contribution to the leading quantum string correction derived for the stable three-spin string with two out of the three spin labels identical and observe agreement. As a side result we clarify the relation between the Bethe root description of three-spin strings of the type (J,J',J') with respectively J>J' and J
description: 15 pages, v2: comparison to string theory changed, references added, v3: textual modifications and title changed
Judging attractiveness: Biases due to raters’ own attractiveness and intelligence
Creators: name: Sim, Stacy Yen-Lin
name: Saperia, Jenna
name: Brown, Jill Anne
name: Bernieri, Frank John
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Tennis and Dabbs (1975) reported that physically attractive males showed a positivity bias when rating the attractiveness of others. The opposite pattern was observed for females. We attempted to replicate and extend these findings by: (1) using self-assessed attractiveness rather than the experimentally derived attractiveness measure used in previous research, (2) using face-to-face interactions with targets as opposed to using photographs, and (3) examining the effect of another ego-involving attribute: intelligence. Consistent with previous research, attractiveness judgments made by men, but not women, correlated positively with their own self-perceived level of attractiveness (r = .51, p r = −.32, p = .001). Judgments of attractiveness are thus biased by a rater’s own attributes (e.g. attractiveness and intelligence), but these effects are not generalizable across men and women raters, and may be driven by different mechanisms.