cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metabolic allometric scaling of multicellular organisms as a product of evolutionary development and optimization of food chains
Creators: name: Shestopaloff, Yuri K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Production of energy is a foundation of life. Metabolic rate of organisms (amount of energy produced per unit time) generally increases slower than organisms' mass, which has important implications for life organization. This phenomenon, when considered across different taxa, is called interspecific allometric scaling. Its origin has puzzled scientists for many decades, and still is considered unknown. In this paper we posit that natural selection, as determined by evolutionary pressures, leads to distribution of resources, and accordingly energy, within a food chain, which is optimal from the perspective of stability of the food chain, when each species has sufficient amount of resources for continuous reproduction, but not too much to jeopardize existence of other species. Metabolic allometric scaling is then a quantitative representation of this optimal distribution. Taking locomotion and the primary mechanism for distribution of energy, we developed a biomechanical model to find energy expenditures, considering limb length, skeleton mass and speed. Using the interspecific allometric exponents for these three measures and substituting into the locomotion-derived model for energy expenditure, we calculated allometric exponents for mammals, reptiles, fish and birds, and compared these values with allometric exponents derived from experimental observations. The calculated allometric exponents were nearly identical to experimentally observed exponents for mammals, and very close for fish, reptiles and the basal metabolic rate of birds. The main result of the study is that the metabolic allometric scaling is a function of a mechanism of optimal energy distribution between the species of a food chain. This optimized sharing of common resources provides stability of a food chain for a given habitat and is guided by evolutionary pressures and natural selection.
description: 54 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables
Ab-initio NEGF Perspective of Ultra-Scaled CMOS: From 2D-material Fundamentals to Novel Dynamically-Doped Transistors
Creators: name: Afzalian, Aryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using accurate dissipative DFT-NEGF atomistic-simulation techniques within the Wannier-Function formalism, we give a fresh look at the possibility of sub-10 nm scaling for high-performance CMOS applications. We show that a combination of good electrostatic control together with a high mobility is paramount to meet the stringent roadmap targets. Such requirements typically play against each other at sub-10 nm gate length for MOS transistors made of conventional semiconductor materials like Si, Ge or III-V and dimensional scaling is expected to end around 12 nm gate-length. We demonstrate that using alternative 2D channel materials, such as the less explored HfS2 or ZrS2, high-drive current down to about 6 nm is, however, achievable. We also propose a novel transistor concept, the Dynamically-Doped Field-Effect Transistor, that scales better than its MOSFET counterpart. Used in combination with a high-mobility material such as HfS2, it allows for keeping the stringent high-performance CMOS on current and competitive energy-delay performance, when scaling down to 1 nm gate length using a single-gate architecture and an ultra-compact design. The Dynamically-Doped Field-Effect Transistor further addresses the grand-challenge of doping in ultra-scaled devices and 2D materials in particular.
The Einstein-like field theory and the dislocations with finite-sized core
Creators: name: Malyshev, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein-like Lagrangian field theory is developed to describe elastic solid containing dislocations with finite-sized core. The framework of the Riemann-Cartan geometry in three dimensions is used, and the core self-energy is expressed by the translational part of the general Lagrangian quadratic in torsion and curvature. In the Hilbert-Einstein case, the gauge equation plays the role of non-conventional incompatibility law. The stress tensor of the modified screw dislocations is smoothed out within the core. The renormalization of the elastic constants caused by proliferation of the dislocation dipoles is considered. The use of the singularityless dislocation solution modifies the renormalization of the shear modulus in comparison with the case of singular dislocations.
description: 10 pages, extended version of article in: Proceedings of The Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Relativistic Field Theories (Stockholm University, Stockholm, July 1-7, 2012), Eds., R. T. Jantzen, K. Rosquist, Series Editor, R. Ruffini (World Scientific, Singapore, 2015), pp. 2534-2536; refs added
The Asymptotic Form of Cosmic Structure: Small Scale Power and Accretion History
Creators: name: Busha, Michael T.
name: Evrard, August E.
name: Adams, Fred C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effects of small scale structure on the formation and equilibrium of dark matter halos in a universe dominated by vacuum energy. We present the results of a suite of four N-body simulations, two with a LCDM initial power spectrum and two with WDM-like spectra that suppress the early formation of small structures. All simulations are run into to far future when the universe is 64Gyr/h old, long enough for halos to essentially reach dynamical equilibrium. We quantify the importance of hierarchical merging on the halo mass accretion history, the substructure population, and the equilibrium density profile. We modify the mass accretion history function of Wechsler et al. (2002) by introducing a parameter, γ, that controls the rate of mass accretion, dln(M) / dln(a) ~ a^(-γ), and find that this form characterizes both hierarchical and monolithic formation. Subhalo decay rates are exponential in time with a much shorter time scale for WDM halos. At the end of the simulations, we find truncated Hernquist density profiles for halos in both the CDM and WDM cosmologies. There is a systematic shift to lower concentration for WDM halos, but both cosmologies lie on the same locus relating concentration and formation epoch. Because the form of the density profile remains unchanged, our results indicate that the equilibrium halo density profile is set independently of the halo formation process.
description: 17 pages, submitted to ApJ. Full resolution version avaliable at http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mbusha/Papers/AccretionHistory.pdf
Molecular and Chemical Mechanisms of Defence against Myrtle Rust in Australian Myrtaceae
Creators: name: Hsieh, Ji-Fan (Sarah)
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Plant defence
plant defense
Myrtaceae
Pucciniales
RNA-Seq
NBS-LRR
terpene synthase
ecology
forest tree

description: Increased human disturbance to forest ecosystems has exacerbated the spread of fungal pathogens to non-native environments. Rust pathogens (Pucciniales) can spread long distances by human activity and wind dispersal, and can cause severe disease outbreaks in cereal crops and in forest trees. The exotic fungus Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) arrived in Australia in 2010 and most species of native Myrtaceae including Eucalyptus and Melaleuca are susceptible to infection to various degrees. Plants infected by A. psidii can suffer from crown loss and eventual mortality, which can be detrimental to ecosystems as well as to many rural industries that produce essential oils and flavourings from species of Myrtaceae. Within-species variation in resistance to A. psidii has been discovered in many native species. However, the molecular and chemical mechanisms of resistance to A. psidii infection in these species are largely unknown. Finding the molecular and chemical basis of resistance against A. psidii is therefore an essential part of ensuring that future plantations and re-afforestation programs are resistant to this pathogen. This thesis therefore aims to elucidate the molecular and chemical mechanisms of resistance to A. psidii in Myrtaceae in Australia, with the goal of obtaining a comprehensive view of potential mechanisms involved in defence to identify candidate genes that may be implemented into resistance breeding. After first screening multiple species of Myrtaceae, I selected Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) and M. quinquenervia (broadleaf paperbark) for detailed molecular study because they showed varying disease symptoms from resistance to susceptibility among individuals, and were economically and ecologically important and amenable to molecular studies. I used a variety of experimental approaches, including RNA-Seq, qRT-PCR, GC-MS, and functional characterisation through heterologous gene expression in E. coli to apply an integrated analysis that examined both molecular and chemical aspects of plant defence. I constructed the transcriptomes of M. alternifolia and M. quinquenervia de novo and investigated differential gene expressions between resistant and susceptible plants. I showed that resistant M. alternifolia and M. quinquenervia over-express genes which may be contribute to defence against to A. psidii infection, and have found and functionally characterised new terpene synthase genes that showed induction in response to infection by A. psidii in M. quinquenervia.
INTEGRAL discovery of a high-energy tail in the microquasar Cygnus X-3
Creators: name: Cangemi, F.
name: Rodriguez, J.
name: Grinberg, V.
name: Belmont, R.
name: Laurent, P.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray spectra of X-ray binaries are dominated by emission of either soft or hard X-rays which defines their soft and hard spectral states. Cygnus X-3 is amongst the list of X-ray binaries that show quite complex behavior, with various distinct spectral states. Because of its softness and intrinsic low flux above typically 50 keV, very little is known about the hard X/soft gamma-ray (100-1000 keV) emission in Cygnus X-3. Using the whole INTEGRAL data base, we aim to explore the 3-1000 keV spectra of Cygnus X-3. This allows to probe this region with the highest sensitivity ever, and search for the potential signature of a high-energy non-thermal component as sometimes seen in other sources. Our work is based on state classification carried out in previous studies with data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. We extend this classification to the whole INTEGRAL data set and perform a long-term state-resolved spectral analysis. Six stacked spectra were obtained using 16 years of data from JEM-X, ISGRI, and SPI. We extract stacked images in three different energy bands, and detect the source up to 200 keV. In the hardest states, our phenomenological approach reveals the presence of an component > 50 keV in addition to the component usually interpreted as thermal Comptonization. We apply a more physical model of hybrid thermal/nonthermal corona to characterize this component and compare our results with those of previous studies. Our modeling indicates a more efficient acceleration of electrons in states where major ejections are observed. We find a dependence of the photon index of the power law as a function of the strong orbital modulation of the source in the Flaring InterMediate (FIM) state. This dependence could be due to a higher absorption when Cygnus X-3 is behind its companion. However, the uncertainties on the density column prevent us from drawing conclusions.
description: Accepted for a publication in A&A, 14 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
On the second Dirichlet eigenvalue of some nonlinear anisotropic elliptic operators
Creators: name: Della Pietra, Francesco
name: Gavitone, Nunzia
name: Piscitelli, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15 - 35P30 - 35J60

description: Let $Ω$ be a bounded open set of $\mathbb R^{n}$, $n\ge 2$. In this paper we mainly study some properties of the second Dirichlet eigenvalue $λ_{2}(p,Ω)$ of the anisotropic $p$-Laplacian \[ -\mathcal Q_{p}u:=-\textrm{div} \left(F^{p-1}(\nabla u)F_ξ(\nabla u)\right), \] where $F$ is a suitable smooth norm of $\mathbb R^{n}$ and $p\in]1,+\infty[$. We provide a lower bound of $λ_{2}(p,Ω)$ among bounded open sets of given measure, showing the validity of a Hong-Krahn-Szego type inequality. Furthermore, we investigate the limit problem as $p\to+\infty$.
K3 surfaces associated with curves of genus two
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J28 (Primary), 14J27, 14H45 (Secondary)

description: It is known (work of Galluzzi, Lombardo, Dolgachev and Naruki) that there is a unique K3 surface X which corresponds to a genus 2 curve C such that X has a Shioda-Inose structure with quotient birational to the Kummer surface of the Jacobian of C. In this paper we give an explicit realization of X as an elliptic surface over P^1 with specified singular fibers of type II^* and III^*. We describe how the Weierstrass coefficients are related to the Igusa-Clebsch invariants of C.
description: 21 pages
A sharp weighted anisotropic Poincaré inequality for convex domains
Creators: name: Della Pietra, Francesco
name: Gavitone, Nunzia
name: Piscitelli, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove an optimal lower bound for the best constant in a class of weighted anisotropic Poincaré inequalities
Implementation of biotechnology research and development policy : implications for agricultural sustainability
Creators: name: Griffiths, Angela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Biotechnology has been represented as the key to agricultural sustainability and as a means of increasing world food supply. The thesis examines the implementation of agricultural biotechnology policies in Canada, specifically canola and the effects of these policies on research and development and implications for agricultural sustainability. Concepts of sustainability were reviewed and a conceptual framework for assessing agricultural sustainability developed. Approaches to sustainable agriculture were divided into ; growth and conservation oriented approaches. Sustainability criteria were developed within a conservation-oriented approach. Public involvement was deemed necessary to identify priorities for sustainable agriculture and create a more socially responsive approach to policy making. Criteria for effective public involvement were identified through the literature. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) documents were assessed against the sustainability criteria. Most government documents subscribed to a growth- oriented, economic approach to agriculture which relegated sustainability concerns to secondary status. AAFC's emphasis on economic growth has affected public involvement, research and development in agriculture, particularly new canola variety development. The process for variety registration of new canola varieties involves two influential interest groups; both have strong links to industry and are pro-biotechnology. As a result, biotechnology has been supported through the process, to the detriment of other technologies. None of the sustainability criteria were addressed in the recommendation for acceptance for new canola varieties to AAFC. AAFC, as the decision-makers, accepted recommendations of the interest groups generally without question. Participation in the process was strictly limited and represented a narrow range of interests, largely the industrial sector. Public and private sector biotechnology researchers were interviewed to ascertain their views of biotechnology in agriculture. Contribution to sustainability was not a primary motive for identifying research goals and the majority of researchers did not support public involvement in policy making or technology assessment. Farmers, as users of biotechnology, were surveyed by mail. Results indicated that many farmers do not follow recommended agricultural practices and distrust government sources of information. AAFC does not have the information necessary for assessing the impact of biotechnology in agriculture. The thesis suggests methods by which the public could be involved in setting priorities for agricultural research, policy development and technology assessment.
Protocol for autonomous rearrangement of cold atoms into low-entropy configurations
Creators: name: Norcia, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preparation of low-entropy starting conditions is a key requirement for many experiments involving neutral atoms. Here, we propose a method to autonomously assemble arbitrary spatial configurations of atoms within arrays of optical tweezers or lattice sites, enabled by a combination of tunneling and ground-state laser cooling. In contrast to previous methods, our protocol does not rely on either imaging or evaporative cooling. This circumvents limitations associated with imaging fidelity and loss, especially in systems with small spatial scales, while providing a substantial improvement in speed relative to evaporative approaches. These features may make it well-suited for preparing arbitrary initial conditions for Bose-Hubbard or Rydberg interacting systems.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
The anisotropic $\infty$-Laplacian eigenvalue problem with Neumann boundary conditions
Creators: name: Piscitelli, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15, 35P30, 35J60, 35D40, 35J70

description: We analize the limit problem of the anisotropic $p$-Laplacian as $p\rightarrow\infty$ with the mean of the viscosity solution. We also prove some geometric properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. In particular, we show the validity of a Szegö-Weinberger type inequality.
description: 24 pages
Critical swelling of particle-encapsulating vesicles
Creators: name: Haleva, Emir
name: Diamant, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a ubiquitous scenario where a fluctuating, semipermeable vesicle is embedded in solution while enclosing a fixed number of solute particles. The swelling with increasing number of particles or decreasing concentration of the outer solution exhibits a continuous phase transition from a fluctuating state to the maximum-volume configuration, whereupon appreciable pressure difference and surface tension build up. This criticality is unique to particle-encapsulating vesicles, whose volume and inner pressure both fluctuate. It implies a universal swelling behavior of such vesicles as they approach their limiting volume and osmotic lysis.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Large anomalous Hall angle in a topological semimetal candidate TbPtBi
Creators: name: Chen, Jie
name: Li, Hang
name: Ding, Bei
name: Zhang, Hongwei
name: Liu, Enke
name: Wang, Wenhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetotransport properties in antiferromagnetic half-Heusler single crystals of TbPtBi, a magnetic-field-induced topological semimetal with simple band structure, are investigated. We found that a nonmonotonic magnetic field dependence of the anomalous Hall resistivity in a high magnetic field (B>7T), which come from the change of band structure induced by the Zeeman-like splitting when applying the external magnetic field. The experiment results show that credible anomalous Hall resistivity and conductivity reach up to 0.6798mΩcm and 125Ω-1cm-1, respectively. A large AHA up to 33% is obtained in TbPtBi, which is comparable to typical ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal. The analysis of results show it should be attributed to topological band around EF and low carrier density.
description: 9 pages
Adhesion-assisted nanoscale rotary locomotor in non-liquid environments
Creators: name: Lu, Jinsheng
name: Li, Qiang
name: Qiu, Cheng-Wei
name: Qiu, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotation in micro/nanoscale provides extensive applications in mechanical actuation$^{1, 2}$, cargo delivery$^{3, 4}$, and biomolecule manipulation$^{5, 6}$. Light can be used to induce a mechanical rotation remotely, instantly and precisely$^{7-13}$, where liquid throughout serves as a must-have enabler to suspend objects and remove impact of adhesion. Achieving light-driven motion in non-liquid environments faces formidable challenges, since micro-sized objects experience strong adhesion and intend to be stuck to contact surfaces. Adhesion force for a usual micron-sized object could reach a high value$^{14, 15}$ (nN - μN) which is several orders of magnitude higher than both its gravity (~ pN) and typical value of optical force (~ pN) in experiments$^{16}$. Here, in air and vacuum, we show counter-intuitive adhesion-assisted rotary locomotion of a micron-sized metal nanoplate with ~30 nm-thickness, revolving around a microfiber. This locomotor is powered by pulsed light guided into the fiber, as a coordinated consequence of photothermally induced surface acoustic wave on the nanoplate and favorable configuration of plate-fiber geometry. The locomotor crawls stepwise with sub-nanometer locomotion resolution actuated by designed light pulses. Furthermore, we can control the rotation velocity and step resolution by varying the repetition rate and pulse power, respectively. A light-actuated micromirror scanning with 0.001° resolution is then demonstrated based on this rotary locomotor. It unfolds unprecedented application potential for integrated micro-opto-electromechanical systems, outer-space all-optical precision mechanics and controls, laser scanning for miniature lidar systems, etc.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Nuclear structure in Parity Doublet Model
Creators: name: Mun, Myeong-Hwan
name: Shin, Ik Jae
name: Paeng, Won-Gi
name: Harada, Masayasu
name: Kim, Youngman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an extended parity doublet model with the hidden local symmetry, we study some properties of nuclei in the mean field approximation to see if the parity doublet model could reproduce nuclear properties and also to estimate the value of the chiral invariant nucleon mass $m_0$ preferred by nuclear structure. We first determine our model parameters using the inputs from free space and from nuclear matter properties. Then, we study some basic nuclear properties such as the nuclear binding energy with several different choices of the chiral invariant mass. We observe that our results approach the experimental values as $m_0$ is increased until $m_0=700$ MeV and start to deviate more from the experiments afterwards with $m_0$ larger than $m_0=700$ MeV. From this observation, we conclude that $m_0=700$ MeV is preferred by nuclear properties. We then calculate some properties of several selected nuclei with $m_0=700$ MeV and compare them with experiments. Finally, we study the neutron-proton mass difference in some nuclei.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
A new trigonometric identity with applications
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
name: Pan, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we obtain a new curious identity involving trigonometric functions. Namely, for any positive odd integer $n$ we prove that $$\sum_{k=1}^n(-1)^k(\cot kx)\sin k(n-k)x=\frac{1-n}2,$$ which is equivalent to the identity $$\sum_{k=1}^n(-1)^kU_{n-k}(\cos kx)=-\frac{n+1}2,$$ where $U_m(z)$ stands for the $m$th Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind. As a consequence, for any positive odd integer $n$ and positive integer $m$ we obtain $$\sum_{k=1}^n(-1)^kk^{2m}B_{2m+1}\left(\frac{n-k}2\right)=0,$$ where $B_j(x)$ denotes the Bernoulli polynomial of degree $j$.
description: 6 pages
A Unified Model for the Two-stage Offline-then-Online Resource Allocation
Creators: name: Xu, Yifan
name: Xu, Pan
name: Pan, Jianping
name: Tao, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the popularity of the Internet, traditional offline resource allocation has evolved into a new form, called online resource allocation. It features the online arrivals of agents in the system and the real-time decision-making requirement upon the arrival of each online agent. Both offline and online resource allocation have wide applications in various real-world matching markets ranging from ridesharing to crowdsourcing. There are some emerging applications such as rebalancing in bike sharing and trip-vehicle dispatching in ridesharing, which involve a two-stage resource allocation process. The process consists of an offline phase and another sequential online phase, and both phases compete for the same set of resources. In this paper, we propose a unified model which incorporates both offline and online resource allocation into a single framework. Our model assumes non-uniform and known arrival distributions for online agents in the second online phase, which can be learned from historical data. We propose a parameterized linear programming (LP)-based algorithm, which is shown to be at most a constant factor of $1/4$ from the optimal. Experimental results on the real dataset show that our LP-based approaches outperform the LP-agnostic heuristics in terms of robustness and effectiveness.
description: Accepted by IJCAI 2020 (http://static.ijcai.org/2020-accepted_papers.html) and SOLE copyright holder is IJCAI (International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence), all rights reserved
Vocal mimicry in the brown thornbill
Creators: name: Igic, Branislav
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Australasian warblers
subject: Birds Defenses
subject: Birds Vocalization
subject: Mimicry (Biology)
subject: Birdsongs

description: Mimicry of other species' alarm calls is common among birds, but its function is often unknown. Although anti-predator functions for mimetic alarm calls have been suggested, these are yet to be tested. In this thesis I formally evaluated claims of vocal mimicry in the brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla) and tested if mimetic vocalisations function in preventing nest predation. Both male and female thornbills are capable of mimicking a range of different vocalisations, including heterospecific contact calls, songs, and alarm calls. Mimetic vocalizations also varied greatly in acoustic structure: both high and low frequency vocalisations were mimicked. Despite the diversity in the types of vocalisations thornbills can mimic, they predominantly mimicked heterospecific alarm calls when captured in mist-nets. Although these mimetic alarm calls were not identical to their corresponding model species' alarm calls, they did retain acoustic features of model alarm calls that are important for provoking immediate alarm responses by receivers. Brown thornbills mimicked heterospecific alarm calls more often in circumstances of danger, and especially when callers or their offspring were in extreme danger. These mimetic alarm calls communicated honest information about flying and stationary predators, but inaccurate information (presence of an aerial predator) when callers or their offspring were under attack. These findings suggest that the thornbill's mimetic alarm calls play different functions in different circumstances of danger. In nest defence, thornbills mimic heterospecific mobbing alarm calls (alarm calls given by heterospecifics towards terrestrial predators) if a predator is near their nest and mimic aerial alarm calls (alarm calls given by heterospecifics towards aerial predators) if the nest is under attack. Mimicking mobbing alarm calls towards predators near the nest potentially hides the caller's identity and may reduce risk of alarm calls revealing the nest's location to the predator. Mimicking aerial alarm calls when the nest is under attack potentially fools the predator that it is in danger, causing distraction and providing young with an opportunity to escape. A playback experiment on the thornbill's primary nest predator, the pied currawong (Strepera graculina), supported the hypothesis that mimetic aerial alarm calls cause distraction and provide nestlings with an opportunity to escape when attacked. Currawongs responded with typical alarm responses and delayed feeding following either the thornbill's non-mimetic aerial alarm alone or a combination of non-mimetic and mimetic alarms. Including mimetic alarms with non-mimetic alarms prolonged currawong distraction.
Circuit theory of crossed Andreev reflection
Creators: name: Morten, Jan Petter
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider transport in a three terminal device attached to one superconducting and two normal metal terminals, using the circuit theory of mesoscopic superconductivity. We compute the nonlocal conductance of the current out of the first normal metal terminal in response to a bias voltage between the second normal metal terminal and the superconducting terminal. The nonlocal conductance is given by competing contributions from crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling, and we determine the contribution from each process. The nonlocal conductance vanishes when there is no resistance between the superconducting terminal and the device, in agreement with previous theoretical work. Electron cotunneling dominates when there is a finite resistance between the device and the superconducting reservoir. Decoherence is taken into account, and the characteristic timescale is the particle dwell time. This gives rise to an effective Thouless energy. Both the conductance due to crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling depend strongly on the Thouless energy. We suggest to experimentally determine independently the conductance due to crossed Andreev reflection and electron cotunneling in measurement of both energy and charge flow into one normal metal terminal in response to a bias voltage between the other normal metal terminal and the superconductor.
description: v2: Published version with minor changes, 12 pages and 9 figures
Satellite-Net: Automatic Extraction of Land Cover Indicators from Satellite Imagery by Deep Learning
Creators: name: Bernasconi, Eleonora
name: Pugliese, Francesco
name: Zardetto, Diego
name: Scannapieco, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.4.8; I.4.9; I.4.0
subject: 68T45

description: In this paper we address the challenge of land cover classification for satellite images via Deep Learning (DL). Land Cover aims to detect the physical characteristics of the territory and estimate the percentage of land occupied by a certain category of entities: vegetation, residential buildings, industrial areas, forest areas, rivers, lakes, etc. DL is a new paradigm for Big Data analytics and in particular for Computer Vision. The application of DL in images classification for land cover purposes has a great potential owing to the high degree of automation and computing performance. In particular, the invention of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) was a fundament for the advancements in this field. In [1], the Satellite Task Team of the UN Global Working Group describes the results achieved so far with respect to the use of earth observation for Official Statistics. However, in that study, CNNs have not yet been explored for automatic classification of imagery. This work investigates the usage of CNNs for the estimation of land cover indicators, providing evidence of the first promising results. In particular, the paper proposes a customized model, called Satellite-Net, able to reach an accuracy level up to 98% on test sets.
description: New Techniques and Technologies for Statistics 2019, Brussels
Ending Laminations and Cannon-Thurston Maps
Creators: name: Mj, Mahan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50

description: In earlier work, we had shown that Cannon-Thurston maps exist for Kleinian surface groups. In this paper we prove that pre-images of points are precisely end-points of leaves of the ending lamination whenever the Cannon-Thurston map is not one-to-one. In particular, the Cannon-Thurston map is finite-to-one. This completes the proof of the conjectural picture of Cannon-Thurston maps for surface groups.
description: v4: Final version 22pgs 2figures. Includes the main theorem of the appendix arXiv:1002.2090 by Shubhabrata Das and Mahan Mj. To appear in Geometric and Functional Analysis
Cosmology, mythology and mysticism in the novels of Salman Rushdie
Creators: name: Clark, Roger Young
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Otherworldly constructions such as "the Mountain of Qaf1 or "the Serpent" are seldom the focus of Rushdie criticism, yet they are integral to Rushdie's narrative structures and to his assault on coercion, division and violence. In particular, Rushdie uses Attar's Sufi poem Conference of the Birds to supply Grimus and Haroun with narrative structure, cosmic topography and iconoclastic ideals, and to supply Midnight's Children and The Satanic Verses with mystical ideals which persist in symbolic opposition to tyrannical and demonic figures. In the fantastical other world of Grimus, the iconoclastic journey of Flapping Eagle to the peak of Mount Calf/Qaf structures the novel and provides an ontological and epistemological framework for a multidimensional universe, a conflated cosmology made up of Sufi, Dantean, Germanic and Hindu elements. In the magical yet historical world of Midnight's Children, otherworldly constructions create a shifting, uncertain cosmos, one in which mysticism furnishes Saleem and his nation with moon-high ideals and with paradoxical meanings, and one in which clashing mythic constructions exacerbate the ambiguity with which the novel ends. In contrast to Midnight's Children, Shame depicts a focused dynamic between the worldly and the otherworldly: Raza's fundamentalist regime forces democratic, sexual and other expressions beneath the geographic and psychological "landscape" of Pakistan, from where they rise in the demonized form of the Beast/Kali, a satanic yet scourging counterforce to Raza's God-centred, monotheistic regime. In The Satanic Verses Rushdie pushes the role of the Beast a dangerous step further by allowing a "satanic narrator" to swoop in and out of a text dominated by satanic revisions of cosmology and morality, by a rhetoric which makes Satan look heroic, and by the hellish visions of the conveniently schizophrenic "archangel" Gibreel Possessing Chamcha and manipulating events so that Chamcha plays the parts of Iago and the Devil, the satanic narrator drives the archangel to murder Alleluia, who yearns to ascend Everest/Qaf. Rushdie's fiction thus becomes increasingly dominated by coercive, violent, divisive and demonic figures, yet the children's fantasy Harotm and the Sea of Stories marks a return to the triumphant mystical values and to the conflated cosmologies of Grimus.
A pair of Jovian Trojans at the L4 Lagrange point
Creators: name: Holt, Timothy R.
name: Vokrouhlický, David
name: Nesvorný, David
name: Brož, Miroslav
name: Horner, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroid pairs, two objects that are not gravitationally bound to one another, but share a common origin, have been discovered in the Main belt and Hungaria populations. Such pairs are of major interest, as the study of their evolution under a variety of dynamical influences can indicate the time since the pair was created. To date, no asteroid pairs have been found in the Jovian Trojans, despite the presence of several binaries and collisional families in the population. The search for pairs in the Jovian Trojan population is of particular interest, given the importance of the Trojans as tracers of planetary migration during the Solar system's youth. Here we report a discovery of the first pair, (258656) 2002~ES$_{76}$ and 2013~CC$_{41}$, in the Jovian Trojans. The two objects are approximately the same size and are located very close to the L4 Lagrange point. Using numerical integrations, we find that the pair is at least $360$~Myr old, though its age could be as high as several Gyrs. The existence of the (258656) 2002~ES$_{76}$--2013~CC$_{41}$ pair implies there could be many such pairs scattered through the Trojan population. Our preferred formation mechanism for the newly discovered pair is through the dissociation of an ancient binary system, triggered by a sub-catastrophic impact, but we can not rule out rotation fission of a single object driven by YORP torques. A by-product of our work is an up-to-date catalog of Jovian Trojan proper elements, which we have made available for further studies.
description: 15 figs. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Explanation of different Kuy cloths
Creators: name: Janthong, Mi
name: Silachai, Surin
name: Sridachart, Khamsroy
name: Thawichart, Somphong
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: C544-L Headset Microphone (x2).
Sharp estimates for the first $p$-Laplacian eigenvalue and for the $p$-torsional rigidity on convex sets with holes
Creators: name: Paoli, Gloria
name: Piscitelli, Gianpaolo
name: Trani, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 35J92, 35P15, 47J30

description: We study, in dimension $n\geq2$, the eigenvalue problem and the torsional rigidity for the $p$-Laplacian on convex sets with holes, with external Robin boundary conditions and internal Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that the annulus maximizes the first eigenvalue and minimizes the torsional rigidity when the measure and the external perimeter are fixed.
description: 17 pages
Non-minimal (self-)running inflation: metric vs. Palatini formulation
Creators: name: Racioppi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model of quartic inflation where the inflaton is coupled non-minimally to gravity and the self-induced radiative corrections to its effective potential are dominant. We perform a comparative analysis considering two different formulations of gravity, metric or Palatini, and two different choices for the renormalization scale, widely known as prescription I and II. Moreover we comment on the eventual compatibility of the results with the final data release of the Planck mission.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, matches the published version. The article improves arXiv:1801.08810 with a detailed study of radiative self-corrections
Transitive X-ray spectrum and PeV gamma-ray cutoff in the M87 jet: Electron "Pevatron"
Creators: name: Honda, Mitsuru
name: Honda, Yasuko S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified version of the X-ray spectral index and an intrinsic cutoff frequency of inverse Compton radiation from the brightest knot of the M87 jet, in conjunction with an application of the new conceptions of injection and diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons in magnetized filamentary plasma to the specified source. The drop of the X-ray flux density in a transitive frequency region is associated with the interplay of ordinary synchrotron cooling and weaker magnetic fields concomitant with the smaller scale filaments that allow the electron injection, while the radio-optical synchrotron continuum is dominantly established by the major electrons that are quasi-secularly bound to larger filaments. With reference to, particularly, the updated external Compton model, we demonstrate that in the Klein-Nishina regime fading inverse Comptonization, the injected electrons can be stochastically energized up to a Lorentz factor as high as $5\times 10^{10}$ in the temporal competition with diffuse synchrotron cooling; this value is larger than that attainable for a simple DSA scenario based on the resonant scattering diffusion of the gyrating electrons bound to a supposed magnetic field homogeneously pervading the entire knot. The upper limits of the photon frequency boosted via conceivable inverse Compton processes are predicted to be of the common order of $\sim 10^{30}$ Hz. The variability of the broadband spectrum is also discussed in comparison to the features of a blazar light curve. The present scenario of a peta-eV (PeV; $10^{15}$ eV) electron accelerator, the "Pevatron," might provide some guidance for exploring untrod hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands in forthcoming observations.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures, matches version published in ApJ
QARABAĞ VƏ ŞƏRQİ ZƏNGƏZUR BÖLGƏLƏRİ LANDŞAFTLARININ BƏRPASI VƏ BİOMÜXTƏLİFLİYİN QORUNMASI
Creators: name: Mustafabəyli̇ Hüseyn Lütvəli̇ Oğlu
name: Qəhrəmanov Murad Aki̇f Oğlu
Publisher: name: Endless light in science
Year: 2023
Subjects: biomüxtəliflik
landşaft qurşaqları
landşaftn strukturu
edifikator bitkilər

description: Məlum olduğu kimi Şərqi Zəngəzur və Qarabağ iqtisadi bölgələrinin ərazisinin landşaft strukturu son 30 ildə erməni işğalı, hərbi əməliyyatlar və texnogen proseslərin təsiri altında xeyli dəyişikliyə – pozulmalara məruz qalmışdır. Məqalə, Azərbaycanın Qarabağ və Şərqi Zəngəzur bölgələri ərazisində bitki və heyvan biomüxtəliflik göstəricilərinin araşdırılması, onun qorunması üçün müntəzəm zəruri tədbirlərin hazırlanması məsələlərindən bəhs edir. Onun yazılmasında əsas məqsəd, landşaftşünaslıq elminin imkanlarından və qonşu ərazilərdə aparılmış elmi-tədqiqat işlərində qazanılan təcrübələrdən istifadə etməklə bu bölgələrin pozulmuş landşaftlarının bərpa işlərinə köməklik göstərməkdir. Biomüxtəlifliyin qorunması üçün süxur tərkibində K, Ca və Mg elementlərinin toplayıcıları olan süxurların iştirakı və onların yarıqapalı relyef şəraitində formalaşdırdıqları əlverişli landşaft mərzləri münasib hesab edilir
Graded quotients of ramification groups of local fields with imperfect residue fields
Creators: name: Saito, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G20

description: We prove that the graded quotients of the filtration by ramification groups of any henselian discrete valuation field of residue characteristic $p>0$ are $F_p$-vector spaces. We define an injection of the character group of each graded quotient to a twisted cotangent space defined using a cotangent complex.
description: 57 pages
Stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems for non-linear systems
Creators: name: Korbel, Jan
name: Wolpert, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend stochastic thermodynamics by relaxing the two assumptions that the Markovian dynamics must be linear and that the equilibrium distribution must be a Boltzmann distribution. We show that if we require the second law to hold when those assumptions are relaxed, then it cannot be formulated in terms of Shannon entropy. However, thermodynamic consistency is salvaged if we reformulate the second law in terms of generalized entropy; our first result is an equation relating the precise form of the non-linear master equation to the precise associated generalized entropy which results in thermodynamic consistency. We then build on this result to extend the usual trajectory-level definitions of thermodynamic quantities that are appropriate even when the two assumptions are relaxed. We end by using these trajectory-level definitions to derive extended versions of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski equality which apply when the two assumptions are relaxed.
Temporal presence variation in computer games
Creators: name: Chung, Jae Yong
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer games Social aspects
subject: Virtual reality Philosophy.
subject: Human behavior models.

description: Increasingly, the sophistication of modern computer-gaming systems is becoming comparable to that of immersive, virtual-reality (VR) environments, and the popular VR research topic of ""presence"" is currently being explored in the context of computer games. The explosion in popularity of networked gameplay and the movement of computing infrastructure onto the internet and the cloud, mean that technical anomalies such as network latency and dropouts may increasingly disrupt players' experience of presence. This thesis investigates how participants react to "Breaks in Presence" (BIPs) in terms of their impact on participants' levels of presence and time needed for participants to recover from BIPs with a networked, first-person-shooter (FPS) game. Four distinct BIP types, which were selected because of their practical significance and because of their relevance to an established model for presence, are tested. Analyses are then conducted on the effects of two contrasting game modes (a low-involvement 'navigation game' and a high-involvement 'combat game') as well as two game displays (an immersive VR theatre and a non-immersive PC monitor) on the perceptions of these BIPs. As part of the experimental procedure, a new video-cued-recall slider technique is introduced. This study shows that presence variations range continuously in their impact and in their recovery times (rather than being binary-state transitions) and participants experience different levels of impact and recovery from different BIPs. The findings show that perceptions of impact and recovery time behave differently and that, intriguingly, recovery time appears to be much more independent of game content and apparatus than impact is. There is evidence of strong carry-over effects in participants' recollections of the impact of BIPs from one game experience to the next. Results from the slider technique appear to show a good qualitative agreement with results from a post-experiment questionnaire.