cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conservation Needs Assessment: Sustainability with Substitution and Biased Technical Change
Creators: name: Sesmero, Juan P.
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
name: Sesmero, Juan P.
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study explores the role of rate and biases of technological change in the sustainability of an economy with an exhaustible resource. In order to achieve this goal, the mathematical concept of viability kernel is introduced as a sustainability indicator and necessary conditions for sustainability are completely depicted in terms of technological parameters. The literature has historically assumed substitutability between human capital and natural resources and technological progress that is neutral in terms of relative input productivity and minimum efficient scale of production. Both assumptions have been widely criticized given the patterns of technological change and substitution observed empirically. Hence the theoretical contribution developed here allows calculation of sustainability thresholds in a manner that permits two of the most important drivers of economic behavior, substitution possibilities and biased technical change. As a result, necessary conditions for sustainability are derived in terms of rate and bias of technical change and elasticity of substitution. Results previously derived in the literature are reviewed and comparisons are made with new results derived from more flexible technological specifications. Several important results are found. First, the identification between elasticity of substitution and sustainability breaks down. Second, a rather optimistic result is obtained by which Increasing Returns to Scale sometimes can prevent the economy from extinction even with zero technological progress and positive capital depreciation. Third, input bias of technical change is critical in determining sustainability and further, size-increasing bias of technical change increases the likelihood of an economy to be sustainable in all cases.
Dialogue on analytical and ab initio methods in attoscience
Creators: name: Armstrong, Gregory S. J.
name: Khokhlova, Margarita A.
name: Labeye, Marie
name: Maxwell, Andrew S.
name: Pisanty, Emilio
name: Ruberti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perceived dichotomy between analytical and ab initio approaches to theory in attosecond science is often seen as a source of tension and misconceptions. This Topical Review compiles the discussions held during a round-table panel at the 'Quantum Battles in Attoscience' CECAM virtual workshop, to explore the sources of tension and attempt to dispel them. We survey the main theoretical tools of attoscience -- covering both analytical and numerical methods -- and we examine common misconceptions, including the relationship between ab initio approaches and the broader numerical methods, as well as the role of numerical methods in 'analytical' techniques. We also evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of analytical as well as numerical and ab initio methods, together with their role in scientific discovery, told through the case studies of two representative attosecond processes: non-sequential double ionisation and resonant high-harmonic generation. We present the discussion in the form of a dialogue between two hypothetical theoreticians, a numericist and an analytician, who introduce and challenge the broader opinions expressed in the attoscience community.
description: Proceedings of the round-table panel discussion 'Quantum Battle 3 - Numerical vs Analytical Methods' at the Quantum Battles in Attoscience online conference (https://www.quantumbattles.com/), the livestream for which can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJnFfHVDym4
Gaia EDR3 in 6D: Searching for unbound stars in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Marchetti, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early third data release (EDR3) of the European Space Agency satellite Gaia provides coordinates, parallaxes, and proper motions for ~1.47 billion sources in our Milky Way, based on 34 months of observations. The combination of Gaia DR2 radial velocities with the more precise and accurate astrometry provided by Gaia EDR3 makes the best dataset available to search for the fastest nearby stars in our Galaxy. We compute the velocity distribution of ~7 million stars with precise parallaxes, to investigate the high-velocity tail of the velocity distribution of stars in the Milky Way. We release a catalogue with distances, total velocities, and corresponding uncertainties for all the stars considered in our analysis, available at https://sites.google.com/view/tmarchetti/research . By applying quality cuts on the Gaia astrometry and radial velocities, we identify a clean subset of 94 stars with a probability Pub > 50% to be unbound from our Galaxy. 17 of these have Pub > 80% and are our best candidates. We propagate these stars in the Galactic potential to characterize their orbits. We find that 11 stars are consistent with being ejected from the Galactic disk, and are possible hyper-runaway star candidates. The other 6 stars are not consistent with coming from a known star-forming region. We investigate the effect of adopting a parallax zero point correction, which strongly impacts our results: when applying this correction, we identify only 12 stars with Pub > 50%, 3 of these having Pub > 80%. Spectroscopic follow-ups with ground-based telescopes are needed to confirm the candidates identified in this work.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Vortex configurations and dynamics in elliptical pinning sites for high matching fields
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Libal, A.
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical simulations we study the configurations, dynamics, and melting properties of vortex lattices interacting with elliptical pinning sites at integer matching fields with as many as 27 vortices per pin. Our pinning model is based on a recently produced experimental system [G. Karapetrov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 167002 (2005)], and the vortex configurations we obtain match well with experimental vortex images from the same system. We find that the strong pinning sites capture more than one vortex each, and that the saturation number of vortices residing in a pin increases with applied field due to the pressure from the surrounding vortices. At high matching fields, the vortices in the intestitial regions form a disordered triangular lattice. We measure the depinning thresholds for both the x and y directions, and find distinctive dynamical responses along with highly anisotropic thresholds. For melting of the vortex configurations under zero applied current, we find multi-step melting transitions in which the interstitial vortices melt at a much lower temperature than the pinned vortices. We associate this with signatures in the specific heat.
description: 11 pages, 13 postscript figures
A Jet-Bases Emission Model of the EHT 2017 Image of M87*
Creators: name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Toma, Kenji
name: Kino, Motoki
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Moriyama, Kotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out general relativistic ray-tracing radiative-transfer calculations to study whether a localized emission from $e^{\pm}$ plasma rings created at the stagnation surface in the jet funnel, to which we refer as stagnation rings, can explain the ring image of M87 observed by Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 2017. The resultant images consist of the direct image of the stagnation rings and the ring images formed via the strong deflection by the black-hole (BH) gravity, to which we refer as "quasi photon-ring". For the model with the BH spin $a_* = 0.99$, the direct image of the counter-jet and quasi photon-ring are almost coincident to the photon ring with diameter $\sim 40 μ{\rm as}$, while the approaching jet shows the small ring-image inside them. The synthetic observation image assuming the EHT 2017 array is consistent with that observed in M87, because the array is a bit sparse to detect the inner ring image. This indicates that the ring image in M87 might contain the important feature of the jet bases in addition to the photon ring. We find that forthcoming EHT observations can resolve the stagnation-ring image and may enable us to explore the plasma-injection mechanism into the jet funnel.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Simultaneous estimation of the temporal and spatial extent of animal migration using step lengths and turning angles
Creators: name: Thompson, Peter R.
name: Harrington, Peter D.
name: Mallory, Conor D.
name: Lele, Subhash R.
name: Bayne, Erin M.
name: Derocher, Andrew E.
name: Edwards, Mark A.
name: Campbell, Mitch
name: Lewis, Mark A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Results from simulation and empirical analyses, including parameter estimates, confidence intervals (where appropriate), and negative log-likelihood values for each individual path included in our analyses.
Diffeomorphism Invariance Demands Conformal Anomalies
Creators: name: Hamada, Ken-ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a series of the Wess-Zumino actions obtained by repeatedly integrating conformal anomalies with respect to the conformal-factor field that appear at higher loops. We show that they arise as physical quantities required to make nonlocal loop correction terms diffeomorphism invariant. Specifically, in a conformally flat spacetime $ds^2=e^{2ϕ}(-dη^2 + d{\bf x}^2)$, we find that effective actions are described in terms of momentum squared expressed as a physical $Q^2 = q^2/e^{2ϕ}$ for $q^2$ measured by the flat metric, which recalls the relationship between physical momentum and comoving momentum in cosmology. It is confirmed by calculating the effective action of QED in such a curved spacetime at the 3-loop level using dimensional regularization. The same applies to the case of QCD, in which we show that the effective action can be summarized in the form of the reciprocal of a running coupling constant squared described by the physical momentum. We also see that the same holds for renormalizable quantum conformal gravity and that conformal anomalies are indispensable for formulating the theory.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, minor change, published version
Reading entanglement in terms of spin configurations in quantum magnets
Creators: name: Fubini, Andrea
name: Roscilde, Tommaso
name: Tognetti, Valerio
name: Tusa, Matteo
name: Verrucchi, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum many-body system made of $N$ interacting $S{=}1/2$ spins on a lattice, and develop a formalism which allows to extract, out of conventional magnetic observables, the quantum probabilities for any selected spin pair to be in maximally entangled or factorized two-spin states. This result is used in order to capture the meaning of entanglement properties in terms of magnetic behavior. In particular, we consider the concurrence between two spins and show how its expression extracts information on the presence of bipartite entanglement out of the probability distributions relative to specific sets of two-spin quantum states. We apply the above findings to the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in a uniform magnetic field, both on a chain and on a two-leg ladder. Using Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain the above probability distributions and the associated entanglement, discussing their evolution under application of the field.
description: Final version, to appear in European Physical Journal D
Modelling Policies for Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development – a Norwegian Approach
Creators: name: Refsgaard, Karen
name: Prestegard, Sjur Spildo
name: Refsgaard, Karen
name: Prestegard, Sjur Spildo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: multifunctionality
subject: agriculture
subject: rural development
subject: dynamic simulation modeling
subject: territorial approach
subject: policy scenario

description: This paper outlines the development and use of a policy model for multifunctional agriculture and rural development. The model is an important part of the EU research project, TOP-MARD (Towards a Policy Model for Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development).. It sets the discourse on multifunctional agriculture in the context of what OECD calls the ‘New Rural Paradigm’, and explores the ways in which both market and non-market ‘functions’ of agriculture and farm households link with economic development and quality of life in different rural territories, and how different kinds of policies influence these linkages. We develop a policy model based on an approach closer to ecological economics, adopting a systems analytic approach.We seek to capture both commodity and non-commodity relationships between farms, rural economies and quality of life. In this paper the model is applied to the Norwegian study area, Hordaland County, exploring how different policy scenarios might impact on agricultures different functions, rural economic development and quality of life.
Using Attitudes to Characterize Heterogeneous Preferences
Creators: name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Moore, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Public Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper compares three approaches to using attitudinal data to describe heterogeneous preferences for non-market goods. Two latent class models and one random parameter logit model are included. Each model makes different assumptions about the role of attitudes in the decision process. Specifically, each model assumes a different relationship between attitudes and preferences and these differences are discussed in terms of economic and social psychology theory. The three models are then used to examine individual preferences for water clarity improvements in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The results suggest that the choice of models has important implications on the quantitative results and on the nature of the preference heterogeneity, but does not affect the qualitative implications of the results. The estimates of expected WTP were nearly identical across the three models.
Elicitation of indefinite proforms
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-190518-02: indefinite proforms elicitation based on Haspelmath 1997 ("Indefinite Pronouns," Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press), starting with example #155.
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES ON CONSTRUCTING A COMPOSITE INDICATOR TO MEASURE AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
Creators: name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Riesgo, Laura
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Riesgo, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Sustainability
subject: Composite Indicators
subject: Irrigated agriculture
subject: Scenarios
subject: Agricultural policy

description: The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of alternative methods on constructing composite indicators to measure global sustainability of the agricultural sector. This comparison is implemented empirically on the irrigated agriculture of the Duero basin (Spain) as a case study. For this purpose, this research uses a dataset of indicators previously calculated for different farm-types and policy scenarios. The results allow to establish a hierarchy of the policy scenarios on the basis of the level of sustainability achieved. Furthermore, analyzing the heterogeneity of different farms-types in each scenario, is also possible to determine the main features of the most sustainable farms in each case. All this information is useful in order to support agricultural policy design and its implementation, trying to increase the sustainability of this sector.
Can Faculty Change Initial Impressions on Student Evaluations of Teaching?
Creators: name: Pruitt, J. Ross
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Tilley, Daniel S.
name: Pruitt, J. Ross
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Tilley, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Expectations of a course and instructor are formed prior to engagement in the course which affect learning. By understanding the factors that are involved in setting these expectations, instruction and student learning may be improved. This paper seeks to determine if student expectations set the basis for course and instructor appraisal and what factors affect these expectations or changes from expectations. Results indicate that while instructor appraisal does not change over the course of the semester, variables related to instructor appraisal do change. How worthwhile students view the course can also positively or negatively impact overall course appraisal.
The MODERE Model and The Economic Analysis of Farmers’ Decisions
Creators: name: Gomez Gomez, Carlos Mario
name: Gutierrez, Carlos
name: Gomez Gomez, Carlos Mario
name: Gutierrez, Carlos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural Economics
subject: Water Economics
subject: Simulated Models

description: The MODERE, the Ministry of the Environment Irrigation Decision Model, is a simulation tool which uses mathematical programming methods to reveal the implicit multiattribute objective function lying behind the observed cropping decision. The model takes different criteria such as profit maximization, risk aversion, avoidance of management complexities and so forth into account. In order to determine the feasible combination of attributes of this objective function the model considers the production possibility frontier explicitly as depending on market prices, policy incentives, availability of production factors, water irrigation facilities agronomic vocation and other constraints. Once calibrated the model becomes a powerful tool to assess the impact of different policy scenarios such as subsidies decoupling, water prices modifications, irrigation technique substitution and so on. The MODERE is a preference revelation model purposedly designed to be integrated in the Decision Support Platform which is used by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment to compare the policy scenarios which are relevant to assess the effectiveness and economic impact of the measures designed to reach the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive. The model is supported by a comprehensive data base built on purpose for its implementation covering almost all the Spanish Irrigation Districts with high spatial detail. This model is currently one of the important modules of the information and decision support systems developed by the Economic Analysis Unit of the Water Directorate at the Ministry of the Environment in Spain.
Valuing Teams: What Influences Student Attitudes?
Creators: name: Espey, Molly
name: Espey, Molly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The ability to work with others is a skill highly valued by employers. Students often work in groups for class projects, but extensive teamwork is usually limited. This research explores student attitudes toward working with peers through a "Value of Teams" survey. The relationship of demographic characteristics and initial attitudes, changes in attitudes after a semester in an intensive team-based learning environment, and the enduring effect of attitudes as measured through responses of students enrolled in a second class with the same instructor are all examined.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of physical activity levels and dietary habits between women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls of reproductive age: a case-control study
Creators: name: Butt, Muhammad Salman
name: Saleem, Javeria
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Aiman, Sobia
name: Bukhari, Gul Mehar Javaid
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1.
Stunted Growth: Natural Resource Concentration, Economic Growth, and Dutch Disease in the Southeastern United States
Creators: name: Elliott, Vaughn M.
name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
name: Bailey, Conner
name: Elliott, Vaughn M.
name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
name: Bailey, Conner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: We study the link between economic growth and resource endowment in the southeastern United States and find signs of Dutch Disease. Using data for 815 counties in this region, we focus attention on the connection between economic growth and forest resources. Our data support the Dutch Disease theory that economic reliance on natural resources contributes to low economic growth.
Learning to Assist Drone Landings
Creators: name: Backman, Kal
name: Kulić, Dana
name: Chung, Hoam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are often used for navigating dangerous terrains, however they are difficult to pilot. Due to complex input-output mapping schemes, limited perception, the complex system dynamics and the need to maintain a safe operation distance, novice pilots experience difficulties in performing safe landings in obstacle filled environments. In this work we propose a shared autonomy approach that assists novice pilots to perform safe landings on one of several elevated platforms at a proficiency equal to or greater than experienced pilots. Our approach consists of two modules, a perceptual module and a policy module. The perceptual module compresses high dimensionality RGB-D images into a latent vector trained with a cross-modal variational auto-encoder. The policy module provides assistive control inputs trained with the reinforcement algorithm TD3. We conduct a user study (n=33) where participants land a simulated drone with and without the use of the assistant. Despite the goal platform not being known to the assistant, participants of all skill levels were able to outperform experienced participants while assisted in the task.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) 2021
Superfluidity of the BEC at finite temperature
Creators: name: Zawitkowski, Lukasz
name: Gajda, Mariusz
name: Rzazewski, Kazimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the classical fields approximation to study a translational flow of the condensate with respect to the thermal cloud in a weakly interacting Bose gas. We study both, subcritical and supercritical relative velocity cases and analyze in detail a state of stationary flow which is reached in the dynamics. This state corresponds to the thermal equilibrium, which is characterized by the relative velocity of the condensate and the thermal cloud. The superfluidity manifests itself in the existence of many thermal equilibria varying in (the value of this velocity) the relative velocity between the condensate and the thermal cloud. We pay a particular attention to excitation spectra in a phonon as well as in a particle regime. Finally, we introduce a measure of the amount of the superfluid fraction in a weakly interacting Bose gas, allowing for the precise distinction between the superfluid and the condensed fractions in a single and consistent framework.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Quantum oscillations in the zeroth Landau Level and the serpentine Landau fan
Creators: name: Devakul, T.
name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify an unusual mechanism for quantum oscillations in nodal semimetals, driven by a single pair of Landau levels periodically closing their gap at the Fermi energy as a magnetic field is varied. These `zero Landau level' quantum oscillations (ZQOs) appear in the nodal limit where the zero-field Fermi volume vanishes, and have distinctive periodicity and temperature dependence. We link the Landau spectrum of a two-dimensional (2D) nodal semimetal to the Rabi model, and show by exact solution that across the entire Landau fan, pairs of opposite-parity Landau levels are intertwined in a `serpentine' manner. We propose 2D surfaces of topological crystalline insulators as natural settings for ZQOs, and comment on implications for anomaly physics in 3D nodal semimetals.
Steady Hall Magnetohydrodynamics Near a X-type Magnetic Neutral Line
Creators: name: Shivamoggi, Bhimsen K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) properties near a two-dimensional (2D) X-type magnetic neutral line in the steady state are considered via heuristic and rigorous developments. Upon considering the steady-state as the asymptotic limit of the corresponding \textit{time-dependent} problem and using a rigorous development, Hall effects are shown to be able to sustain the hyperbolicity of the magnetic field (and hence a more open X-point configuration) near the neutral line in the steady state. The heuristic development misses this subtle connection of the steady state with the corresponding \textit{time-dependent} problem and predicts only an elongated current-sheet configuration (as in resistive MHD). However, the heuristic development turns out to be useful in providing insight into the lack of dependence of the reconnection rate on the mechanism breaking the frozen-in condition of the magnetic field lines. The latter result can be understood in terms of the ability of the ions and electrons to transport equal amounts of magnetic flux per unit time out of the reconnection region.
description: 1-10 pages
Additional file 1 of Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital and in-hospital treatment and outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a Japanese multicenter cohort study
Creators: name: Tanaka, Chie
name: Tagami, Takashi
name: Kaneko, Junya
name: Kitamura, Nobuya
name: Yasunaga, Hideo
name: Aso, Shotaro
name: Takeda, Munekazu
name: Kuno, Masamune
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: List of members of the SOS-KANTO 2017 Steering Committee
Pion condensation in the early Universe at nonvanishing lepton flavor asymmetry and its gravitational wave signatures
Creators: name: Vovchenko, Volodymyr
name: Brandt, Bastian B.
name: Cuteri, Francesca
name: Endrődi, Gergely
name: Hajkarim, Fazlollah
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible formation of a Bose-Einstein condensed phase of pions in the early Universe at nonvanishing values of lepton flavor asymmetries. A hadron resonance gas model with pion interactions, based on first-principle lattice QCD simulations at nonzero isospin density, is used to evaluate cosmic trajectories at various values of electron, muon, and tau lepton asymmetries that satisfy the available constraints on the total lepton asymmetry. The cosmic trajectory can pass through the pion condensed phase if the combined electron and muon asymmetry is sufficiently large: $|l_e + l_μ| \gtrsim 0.1$, with little sensitivity to the difference $l_e - l_μ$ between the individual flavor asymmetries. Future constraints on the values of the individual lepton flavor asymmetries will thus be able to either confirm or rule out the condensation of pions during the cosmic QCD epoch. We demonstrate that the pion condensed phase leaves an imprint both on the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves and on the mass distribution of primordial black holes at the QCD scale e.g. the black hole binary of recent LIGO event GW190521 can be formed in that phase.
description: 6 pages main text + 5 pages supplementary material, contains ancillary files with figure data, to appear in Physical Review Letters
The mass of dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the missing satellite problem
Creators: name: Read, J. I.
name: Wilkinson, M. I.
name: Evans, N. Wyn
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Kleyna, Jan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a suite of N-body simulations of the tidal stripping of two-component dwarf galaxies comprising some stars and dark matter. We show that recent kinematic data from the local group dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies suggests that dSph galaxies must be sufficiently massive ($10^9 - 10^{10}$M$_\odot$) that tidal stripping is of little importance for the stars. We discuss the implications of these massive dSph galaxies for cosmology and galaxy formation.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the IAUC198 "Near-Field Cosmology with Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies", H. Jerjen & B. Binggeli (eds.). Comments welcome
Neutrino pair annihilation ($ν{\bar ν}\to e^-e^+$) in the presence of quintessence surrounding a black hole
Creators: name: Lambiase, G.
name: Mastrototaro, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quintessence fields, introduced to explain the speed-up of the Universe, might affect the geometry of spacetime surrounding black holes, as compared to the standard Schwarzschild and Kerr geometries. In this framework, we study the neutrino pairs annihilation into electron-positron pairs ($ν{\bar ν}\to e^-e^+$) near the surface of a neutron star, focusing, in particular, on the Schwarzschild-like geometry in presence of quintessence fields. The effect of the latter is to increase the minimum photon-sphere radius ($R_{ph}$), increasing in such a way the maximum energy deposition rate near to $R_{ph}$. The rate turns out to be several orders of magnitude greater than the rate computed in the framework of General Relativity. These results might provide an efficient mechanism for the generation of GRBs and lead to constraints on the parameters of the quintessence model.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Precise optical manipulation techniques for exploring neuronal function
Creators: name: Go, Mary Ann
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis presents two optical techniques for manipulating neurons in the analysis of their function, namely time-gated holographic two-photon photostimulation and femtosecond laser dendrotomy. At the start of this thesis, no illumination technique had been able to activate synapses along the three-dimensional (3D) dendritic arbour of a neuron using realistic spatio-temporal patterns of light that resemble physiological stimuli, a prerequisite to a systematic study of synaptic integration. This thesis demonstrates that holographic projection with a spatial light modulator (SLM) enables the generation of multiple uncaging focal spots at arbitrary locations in 3D and allows full control over the spatial organisation of uncaging sites. The incorporation of a digital micromirror device (DMD) in the setup allows high-speed independent switching of individual focal spots, enabling control over the temporal organisation of uncaging events. Together, the SLM-DMD combination offers unprecedented flexibility in the design and generation of spatio-temporal patterns of synaptic input for integration studies. A technique for optimising the holographic projection technique used for photostimulation is also presented. The technique incorporates a generalised phase contrast (GPC) setup into a typical SLM holographic setup to generate a complex field hologram, as opposed to conventional phase-only holograms. Numerical simulations show that the technique produces higher optical throughput for the projection of three or more foci. It also significantly decreases the intensity of unwanted higher diffraction orders, providing cleaner excitation patterns. This technique has the potential to increase the number of holographic photostimulation foci achievable with current techniques. Finally, this thesis demonstrates femtosecond laser dendrotomy as a precise and minimally-invasive way to prune dendrites at different locations in the tree. Its impact on the firing frequency of the neuron is evaluated. This technique has been used \emph{in vivo} but neuronal properties during and after dendrotomy have not been previously measured. This study found that small-scale dendrotomy has negligible effect on the input resistance or the firing pattern of the neuron. However, large-scale dendrotomy significantly increases the input resistance of the neuron and its excitability. This technique offers the capability to experimentally manipulate dendritic morphology for the study of neuronal structure-function relationship.
Compression of Atomic Phase Space Using an Asymmetric One-Way Barrier
Creators: name: Raizen, M. G.
name: Dudarev, A. M.
name: Niu, Qian
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to construct asymmetric optical barriers for atoms. These barriers can be used to compress phase space of a sample by creating a confined region in space where atoms can accumulate with heating at the single photon recoil level. We illustrate our method with a simple two-level model and then show how it can be applied to more realistic multi-level atoms.
Social inclusion and children in Australia
Creators: name: Neo, Yu Wei
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014

description: Social inclusion is a broad concept that has multiple meanings. Studies on how social inclusion is being understood by policy stakeholders often focus on the perspectives of a single group of policy stakeholders such as policymakers or service users. However, it is through the relations that these different policy stakeholders have with each other that construct and co-construct the discourse of social inclusion. In particular, children deemed to be socially excluded are the focus of the social inclusion agenda in Australia, but what social inclusion means to them is unclear. Therefore, this thesis seeks to compare the different perspectives of social inclusion from policymakers, service providers and children facing multiple disadvantages. By understanding these different or similar interpretations of social inclusion, this thesis examines how these interpretations shape social inclusion policies and services for children. This thesis uses a combination of research methods - discourse analysis on key policy texts published by government agencies and service providers, interviews and focus groups with policymakers, service providers and older children, as well as craft activities for younger children. Findings from this thesis show that policymakers and service providers share a broad understanding of social inclusion but children's accounts of their experiences of social inclusion are missing in the policy discourse of social inclusion. In particular, the policy discourse and practices of social inclusion programmes reveal the different social constructions of children that contradicts children's own experiences and understanding of what social inclusion means. This thesis argues that when children are treated as co-narrators of the social inclusion discourse, they will bring new narratives that suggest ways of translating the values of dignity, respect and fairness into policy practice. In particular, when social policies are based on rights of 'being', the policy shifts from changing individuals' behaviour to removing structural barriers that prevent people from exercising their rights. Similarly, a children's rights perspective on social inclusion will focus less on control or disciplining children into ideal citizens, and more on creating opportunities in policy and service designs that enable children to exercise their right to participate in matters important to them.
Additional file 1 of Characteristics of human papillomavirus prevalence and infection patterns among women aged 25–64 according to age groups and cytology results in Ordos City, China
Creators: name: Wang, Sumeng
name: Liu, Shujun
name: Tan, Sensen
name: Yin, Jian
name: Li, Yufei
name: Zhao, Fanghui
name: Qiao, Youlin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.  eTable 1. Prevalence of different HPV genotypes infection by age group. eTable 2. Prevalence of different HPV genotypes infection by cytology results.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of smart inverters in mitigating voltage variations and fluctuations
Creators: name: Ganta, Naveen
name: 0000-0002-0908-0348
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2017
Subjects: Smart inverters
Voltage regulation
Volt-var control
Dynamic reactive current control
Voltage range and variability index

description: With the increasing integration level of photovoltaics (PV) generation into the distribution grid, there would be detrimental impacts on residential customers in the form of rapid voltage variations and overvoltages. These voltage disturbances are caused by intermittent and varying power injections of PV generation. They can be reduced with the installation of smart inverters alongside PV with appropriate control settings. The smart inverters monitor and manage the reactive power exchange between the distribution circuit and the PV system so as to mitigate the adversity of voltage impacts. This thesis analyzes the effects of PV generation in regards to range and variation of voltage in a real-world distribution system. It also evaluates the effectiveness of PV generation equipped with smart inverters in mitigating these issues. A detailed study is conducted on few control strategies that would mitigate increasing range and variability of voltages. This study helps determine suitable control settings that increase the effectiveness of the discussed control functions and improve the overall performance of the distribution system
Alignment and rotational disruption of dust
Creators: name: Lazarian, A.
name: Hoang, Thiem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal a deep connection between alignment of dust grains by RAdiative torques (RATs) and MEchanical Torques (METs) and rotational disruption of grains introduced by Hoang et al. (2019). The disruption of grains happens if they have attractor points corresponding to high angular momentum (high-J). We introduce {\it fast disruption} for grains that are directly driven to the high-J attractor on a timescale of spin-up, and {\it slow disruption} for grains that are first moved to the low-J attractor and gradually transported to the high-J attractor by gas collisions. The enhancement of grain magnetic susceptibility via iron inclusions expands the parameter space for high-J attractors and increases percentage of grains experiencing the disruption. The increase in the magnitude of RATs or METs can increase the efficiency of fast disruption, but counter-intuitively, decreases the effect of slow disruption by forcing grains towards low-J attractors, whereas the increase in gas density accelerates disruption by faster transporting grains to the high-J attractor. We also show that disruption induced by RATs and METs depends on the angle between the magnetic field and the anisotropic flow. We find that pinwheel torques can increase the efficiency of {\it fast disruption} but may decrease the efficiency of {\it slow disruption} by delaying the transport of grains from the low-J to high-J attractors via gas collisions. The selective nature of the rotational disruption opens a possibility of observational testing of grain composition as well as physical processes of grain alignment.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Evaluating sensory tricks in laryngeal dystonia (Dwenger et al., 2025)
Creators: name: Dwenger, Kaitlyn
name: Roy, Nelson
name: Jennings, Skyler G.
name: Smith, Marshall E.
name: Mathy, Pamela
name: Simonyan, Kristina
name: Barkmeier-Kraemer, Julie M.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320217
subject: Otorhinolaryngology
classificationCode: 470101
subject: Communication studies

description: Purpose: This pilot study systematically compared voice symptomatology across varied sensory trick conditions in those with laryngeal dystonia (LD), those with essential vocal tremor (EVT), and vocally normal controls (NCs). Sensory tricks are considered signature characteristics of dystonia and were hypothesized to reduce voice symptoms in those with LD compared to EVT and NC groups.Method: Five participants from each group (LD, EVT, and NC) completed speech recordings under control and sensory trick conditions (delayed auditory feedback [DAF], vibrotactile stimulation [VTS], and nasoendoscopic recordings with and without topical anesthesia). Comparisons between groups and conditions were made using (a) a paired-comparison paradigm (control vs. sensory condition) listener ratings of voice quality, (b) participant-perceived vocal effort ratings, and (c) average smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS).Results: Participants with EVT displayed significantly worse listener ratings under most sensory trick conditions, whereas participants with LD were rated significantly worse for DAF and VTS conditions only. However, participant vocal effort ratings were similar across all sensory trick conditions. Average CPPS values generally supported listener ratings across conditions and speakers except during DAF, wherein CPPS values increased (i.e., measurably improved voice quality), whereas listener ratings indicated worsened voice quality for both voice disorder groups.Conclusions: Outcomes of this study did not support the hypothesized influences of sensory trick conditions on LD voice symptoms, with both LD and EVT groups experiencing worsened symptoms under VTS and DAF conditions. These adverse effects on voice symptoms warrant further research to further evaluate neural pathways and associated sensorimotor response patterns that distinguish individuals with LD and EVT.Supplemental Material S1. Descriptive statistics for the normal control group stratified by outcome measurement and condition.Supplemental Material S2. Descriptive statistics for the laryngeal dystonia group stratified by outcome measurement and condition.Supplemental Material S3. Descriptive statistics for the essential vocal tremor group stratified by outcome measurement and conditionDwenger, K., Roy, N., Jennings, S. G., Smith, M. E., Mathy, P., Simonyan, K., & Barkmeier-Kraemer, J. M. (2025). Comparing the effects of sensory tricks on voice symptoms in patients with laryngeal dystonia and essential vocal tremor. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 68(4), 1654–1675. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00476
Octo-Tiger: A New, 3D Hydrodynamic Code for Stellar Mergers that uses HPX Parallelisation
Creators: name: Marcello, Dominic C.
name: Shiber, Sagiv
name: De Marco, Orsola
name: Frank, Juhan
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Motl, Patrick M.
name: Diehl, Patrick
name: Kaiser, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OCTO-TIGER is an astrophysics code to simulate the evolution of self-gravitating and rotat-ing systems of arbitrary geometry based on the fast multipole method, using adaptive mesh refinement. OCTO-TIGER is currently optimised to simulate the merger of well-resolved stars that can be approximated by barotropic structures, such as white dwarfs or main sequence stars. The gravity solver conserves angular momentum to machine precision, thanks to a correction algorithm. This code uses HPX parallelization, allowing the overlap of work and communication and leading to excellent scaling properties, allowing for the computation of large problems in reasonable wall-clock times. In this paper, we investigate the code performance and precision by running benchmarking tests. These include simple problems, such as the Sod shock tube, as well as sophisticated, full, white-dwarf binary simulations. Results are compared to analytic solutions, when known, and to other grid based codes such as FLASH. We also compute the interaction between two white dwarfs from the early mass transfer through to the merger and compare with past simulations of similar systems. We measure OCTO-TIGERs scaling properties up to a core count of 80,000, showing excellent performance for large problems. Finally, we outline the current and planned areas of development aimed at tackling a number of physical phenomena connected to observations of transients.
description: 38 pages, 24 figures, Co-Lead Authors: Dominic C. Marcello and Sagiv Shiber
TA'LIM XIZMATLARI RAQOBATBARDOSHLILIGINI OSHIRISHDA ZAMONAVIY MARKETING KONSEPSIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH
Creators: name: Sirojov, Qilich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Zamonaviy sharoitda mamlakatning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy holati uning insoniyat sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga, fan, madaniyat va ta'limga qo'shayotgan hissasiga bevosita bog'liq. Bu jarayonda oliy ta’lim jamiyat ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy jarayonlarining asosiy, yetakchi omillaridan biri sifatida alohida o‘rin tutadi.