cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galactic Cosmic-Ray Propagation in the Inner Heliosphere: Improved Force-Field Model
Creators: name: Li, Jung-Tsung
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key goal of heliophysics is to understand how cosmic rays propagate in the solar system's complex, dynamic environment. One observable is solar modulation, i.e., how the flux and spectrum of cosmic rays changes as they propagate inward. We construct an improved force-field model, taking advantage of new measurements of magnetic power spectral density by Parker Solar Probe to predict solar modulation within the Earth's orbit. We find that modulation of cosmic rays between the Earth and Sun is modest, at least at solar minimum and in the ecliptic plane. Our results agree much better with the limited data on cosmic-ray radial gradients within Earth's orbit than past treatments of the force-field model. Our predictions can be tested with forthcoming direct cosmic-ray measurements in the inner heliosphere by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. They are also important for interpreting the gamma-ray emission from the Sun due to scattering of cosmic rays with solar matter and photons.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures; v2 matches the journal version
Casimir forces in a Plasma: Possible Connections to Yukawa Potentials
Creators: name: Ninham, Barry W.
name: Boström, Mathias
name: Persson, Clas
name: Brevik, Iver
name: Buhmann, Stefan Y.
name: Sernelius, Bo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical and numerical results for the screened Casimir effect between perfect metal surfaces in a plasma. We show how the Casimir effect in an electron-positron plasma can provide an important contribution to nuclear interactions. Our results suggest that there is a connection between Casimir forces and nucleon forces mediated by mesons. Correct nuclear energies and meson masses appear to emerge naturally from the screened Casimir-Lifshitz effect.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The optimisation of antibiotic prescription in acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections in children: a protocol of the cost-effectiveness analysis of two educational interventions.
Creators: name: Alonso-Coello, Pablo
name: De La Torre-Pérez, Laura
name: Canelo, Carlos
name: Carles, Misericordia
name: Minguell, Andrea Boldu
name: Pérez-Lacasta, María José
name: Ribas, Ignasi Bolíbar
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: cost-effectiveness
subject: antibiotic resistance
subject: acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections
subject: antibiotic prescription
subject: acute respiratory infections
subject: cost-utility analysis

description: A protocol for cost-effectiveness analysis of two interventions to optimize antibiotic prescription in acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections in children
Performance as surplus material
Creators: name: Seyf, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: Anglia Ruskin Research Online (ARRO)
Year: 2024

description: This thesis arises out of a desire to include in my theatre practice, stories that cover the breadth of cultural experiences informed by ‘being an immigrant’ after witnessing its reduction to Eurocentric political and anthropological studies of other cultures within theatrical representations in the UK. In contrast to intercultural theatre and interculturalism’s promotion of disciplinarity through culture, this thesis articulates an alternative interdisciplinary practice by prioritising material that does not fit within existing disciplinary frames, as well as within cultural, social and political categories that seek to erect a place of strategic dominance through disciplinarity. I call this the surplus material. Based on the way I present migrancy and my experience as an immigrant, I offer an aesthetics of homelessness that radically questions disciplinarity and its appropriation of the everyday. I place this within the Eurocentric and colonial history of the West and its othering of immigrants culturally, through legal means, racialisation and by parading the concept of European modernity as a universal standard to the rest of the world. The discovery of the surplus material is mapped through the journey of two of my productions – Majnoun (2003) and Plastic (2008) – focusing in particular on a shift away from narrative-based, story-telling theatre to non-linear and visual performance in the case of Majnoun, and a shift towards site-specific and participatory performance in Plastic. Through Majnoun and Plastic I look at the way the identity of women is defined by both secular and religious regimes in Iran as symbols of their patriarchal values to uphold masculine supremacy. I also study the central role of the 1979 revolution in my own displacement and in influencing my spatial approach, first towards theatre, and later in my interdisciplinary practice. Revolutions situate social change within urban architecture and spatial design by undermining the relationship between planned space and pre-defined instructions for use. Interdisciplinarity and the aesthetics of homelessness sustains its existence through a continuous creation of temporary spaces that emerge out of social relations and unconscious combinations. Comparing venue-based programming to architectural approaches and site-specific work, the thesis explores the relationship of performance to public and private spaces and structures of power, arguing for a re-interpretation of public spaces beyond their conventional use for a more inclusive and creative urban life. My contribution to knowledge is through elevating the idea of performance beyond the discipline of theatre through the surplus material and its mechanism of unconscious formations, paving the way for more sustainable and collaborative interdisciplinary practices.
Addressing challenges of heterogeneous tumor treatment through bispecific protein-mediated pretargeted drug delivery
Creators: name: Parker, Christina L.
name: Yang, Qi
name: McCallen, Justin D.
name: Lai, Samuel K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Tumors are frequently characterized by genomically and phenotypically distinct cancer cell subpopulations within the same tumor or between tumor lesions, a phenomenon termed tumor heterogeneity. These diverse cancer cell populations pose a major challenge to targeted delivery of diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents, as the conventional approach of conjugating individual ligands to nanoparticles is often unable to facilitate intracellular delivery to the full spectrum of cancer cells present in a given tumor lesion or patient. As a result, many cancers are only partially suppressed, leading to eventual tumor regrowth and/or the development of drug-resistant tumors. Pretargeting (multistep targeting) approaches involving the administration of 1) a cocktail of bispecific proteins that can collectively bind to the entirety of a mixed tumor population followed by 2) nanoparticles containing therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents that can bind to the bispecific proteins accumulated on the surface of target cells offer the potential to overcome many of the challenges associated with drug delivery to heterogeneous tumors. Despite its considerable success in improving the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy, the pretargeting strategy remains underexplored for a majority of nanoparticle therapeutic applications, especially for targeted delivery to heterogeneous tumors. In this review, we will present concepts in tumor heterogeneity, the shortcomings of conventional targeted systems, lessons learned from pretargeted radioimmunotherapy, and important considerations for harnessing the pretargeting strategy to improve nanoparticle delivery to heterogeneous tumors.
NEOSSat Observations of Three Transiting Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Fox, Chris
name: Wiegert, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) is a Canadian-led 15 cm Earth-orbiting telescope originally designed to detect asteroids near the Sun. Its design is however also suitable for the observation of exoplanetary transits of bright stars. We used the NEOSSat platform to perform followup observations of several Transiting Exoplanets Survey Satellite (TESS) targets, both as a demonstration of NEOSSat capabilities for exoplanetary science and improve the orbital ephemerides and properties of these exoplanet systems. We are able to recover / confirm the orbital properties of such targets to within mutual error bars, demonstrating NEOSSat as a useful future contributor to exoplanetary science.
Simple regularization scheme for multi-reference density functional theories
Creators: name: Satula, Wojciech
name: Dobaczewski, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Extensions of single-reference (SR) energy-density-functionals (EDFs) to multi-reference (MR) applications involve using the generalized Wick theorem (GWT), which leads to singular energy kernels that cannot be properly integrated to restore symmetries, unless the EDFs are generated by true interactions. Purpose: We propose a new method to regularize the MR EDFs, which is based on using auxiliary quantities obtained by multiplying the kernels with appropriate powers of overlaps. Methods: Regularized matrix elements of two-body interactions are obtained by integrating the auxiliary quantities and then solving simple linear equations. Results: We implement the new regularization method within the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and we perform a proof-of-principle angular-momentum projection (AMP) of states in odd-odd nucleus 26Al. We show that for EDFs generated by true interactions, our regularization method gives results identical to those obtained within the standard AMP procedure. We also show that for EDFs that do not correspond to true interactions, it gives stable and converging results that are different than unstable and non-converging standard AMP values. Conclusions: The new regularization method proposed in this work may provide us with a relatively inexpensive and efficient tool to generalize SR EDFs to MR applications, thus allowing for symmetry restoration and configuration mixing performed for typical nuclear EDFs, which most often do not correspond to true interactions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review C
Sequence Design for Cognitive CDMA Communications under Arbitrary Spectrum Hole Constraint
Creators: name: Hu, Su
name: Liu, Zilong
name: Guan, Yong Liang
name: Xiong, Wenhui
name: Bi, Guoan
name: Li, Shaoqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To support interference-free quasi-synchronous code-division multiple-access (QS-CDMA) communication with low spectral density profile in a cognitive radio (CR) network, it is desirable to design a set of CDMA spreading sequences with zero-correlation zone (ZCZ) property. However, traditional ZCZ sequences (which assume the availability of the entire spectral band) cannot be used because their orthogonality will be destroyed by the spectrum hole constraint in a CR channel. To date, analytical construction of ZCZ CR sequences remains open. Taking advantage of the Kronecker sequence property, a novel family of sequences (called "quasi-ZCZ" CR sequences) which displays zero cross-correlation and near-zero auto-correlation zone property under arbitrary spectrum hole constraint is presented in this paper. Furthermore, a novel algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the periodic auto-correlations of the proposed quasi-ZCZ CR sequences. Simulations show that they give rise to single-user bit-error-rate performance in CR-CDMA systems which outperform traditional non-contiguous multicarrier CDMA and transform domain communication systems; they also lead to CR-CDMA systems which are more resilient than non-contiguous OFDM systems to spectrum sensing mismatch, due to the wideband spreading.
description: 13 pages,10 figures,Accepted by IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC)--Special Issue:Cognitive Radio Nov, 2014
A Nonparametric Panel Model for Climate Data with Seasonal and Spatial Variation
Creators: name: Gao, Jiti
name: Linton, Oliver
name: Peng, Bin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, we consider a panel data model which allows for heterogeneous time trends at different locations. We propose a new estimation method for the panel data model before we establish an asymptotic theory for the proposed estimation method. For inferential purposes, we develop a bootstrap method for the case where weak correlation presents in both dimensions of the error terms. We examine the finite-sample properties of the proposed model and estimation method through extensive simulated studies. Finally, we use the newly proposed model and method to investigate rainfall, temperature and sunshine data of U.K. respectively. Overall, we find the weather of winter has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. Changes may vary with respect to locations for the other seasons.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Fluid Polyamorphism in Hydrogen at Extreme Conditions
Creators: name: Fried, Nathaniel R.
name: Longo, Thomas J.
name: Anisimov, Mikhail A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous fluid states in a single-component system, has been observed or predicted in a variety of substances. A remarkable example of this phenomenon is the fluid-fluid phase transition in high-pressure hydrogen between insulating and conducting high-density fluids. This transition is induced by the reversible dimerization/dissociation of the molecular and atomistic states of hydrogen. In this work, we present the first attempt to thermodynamically model the fluid-fluid phase transition in hydrogen at extreme conditions. Our predictions for the phase coexistence and the reaction equilibrium of the two alternative forms of fluid hydrogen are based on experimental data and supported by the results of simulations. {Remarkably, we find that the law of corresponding states can be utilized to construct a unified equation of state combining the available computational results for different models of hydrogen and the experimental data.
description: Manuscript intended for JCP
The Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Phytochemical Properties of the Selected Seaweeds
Creators: name: D, Radhika
name: Veerabahu C
name: Vijayalakshmi K
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Different drying, Hot air oven drying, Microwave oven, and Ethanol extract.

description: Abstract Seaweeds are good sources for the nutrition and pharmaceutical sectors. The intention of this study was designed to screen the constituent’s selected seaweed collected from Rameswaram and Tuticorin, the Southern coast of India. The present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents of the green, brown and red seaweed under different types of drying methods. The extraction of some biochemical constituency stimulates productive application that needs desiccation stepwise to prohibit by removal of the synthetic composition and increases their real-life values and assist process which is consuming time and exhausting processes The valuable substratum of different seaweeds was studied by shade drying, sun drying Hot air oven drying at 60˚and 80˚c and Microwave drying (800w). The phytochemical effects of ethanol extract on different types of Seaweeds such as Stoechospermum marginatum, Padina gymnosperms, Ulva Lactuca, Hypnea pannosa, and Centroceras clavulatum were scrutinized. The phytochemical sources of Test for Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Coumarin, tannin saponin flavonoids, Quinone, anthraquinones, protein, Phenol, and Carbohydrate were determined the Result, credentialed by the low-Temperature drying methods and high-temperature drying methods prepared product with highest chemicals are induced by drying treatment and the species of seaweed used Fast drying methods to be beneficial to the level of specific chemicals. The single drying method could be identified as consistently superior for all species or all compounds of instigating appropriate techniques selected air oven drying 60˚ method has the potential in the area of drying selective material to better stability of bioactive components which is helpful to use further studies in pharmacology and Agricultural fields
Simple atom interferometer in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Gietka, Karol
name: Chwedenczuk, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of an atom interferometer which can be realized in a double-well potential. We assume that the interferometric phase is imprinted in the presence of coherent tunneling between the wells. We calculate the ultimate bounds for the estimation sensitivity and show how they relate to the precision of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interferometer presented here allows for sub shot-noise sensitivity when fed with the spin-squeezed states with reduced either the relative population imbalance or the relative phase. We also calculate the precision of the estimation from the population imbalance and show that it overcomes the shot-noise level when the entangled squeezed-states are used at the input.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy
Creators: name: Piroyan, Aleksandr
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: Batrakova, Elena V.
name: Patel, Tejash
name: Sokolsky, Marina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized vesicles that have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery vehicles in the past few years. Exosomes are comprised of natural lipid bilayers with the abundance of adhesive proteins that readily interact with cellular membranes. We posit that exosomes secreted by monocytes and macrophages can provide an unprecedented opportunity to avoid entrapment in mononuclear phagocytes (as a part of the host immune system), and at the same time enhance delivery of incorporated drugs to target cells ultimately increasing drug therapeutic efficacy. In light of this, we developed a new exosomal-based delivery system for a potent antioxidant, catalase, to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). Catalase was loaded into exosomes ex vivo using different methods: the incubation at room temperature, permeabilization with saponin, freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, or extrusion. The size of the obtained catalase-loaded exosomes (exoCAT) was in the range of 100 - 200 nm. A reformation of exosomes upon sonication and extrusion, or permeabilization with saponin resulted in high loading efficiency, sustained release, and catalase preservation against proteases degradation. Exosomes were readily taken up by neuronal cells in vitro. A considerable amount of exosomes was detected in PD mouse brain following intranasal administration. ExoCAT provided significant neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Overall, exosome-based catalase formulations have a potential to be a versatile strategy to treat inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
Entropy in the quark-hadron transition
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Kanako
name: Matsui, T.
name: Baym, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, in the PNJL model, how the entropy of interacting quarks reflects the change in the effective degrees of freedom as the temperature increases through the quark-hadron phase transition. With inclusion of mesonic correlations, the effective degrees of freedom change from those of pi and sigma mesons at low temperatures to those of free quarks at high temperatures, with a resultant second order phase deconfinement transition in the chiral limit.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Minimizing biases associated with tracking analysis of submicron particles in heterogeneous biological fluids
Creators: name: Lai, Samuel K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Tracking the dynamic motion of individual nanoparticles or viruses offers quantitative insights into their real-time behavior and fate in different biological environments. Indeed, particle tracking is a powerful tool that has facilitated the development of drug carriers with enhanced penetration of mucus, brain tissues and other extracellular matrices. Nevertheless, heterogeneity is a hallmark of nanoparticle diffusion in such complex environments: identical particles can exhibit strongly hindered or unobstructed diffusion within microns of each other. The common practice in 2D particle tracking, namely analyzing all trackable particle traces with equal weighting, naturally biases toward rapidly diffusing sub-populations at shorter time scales. This in turn results in misrepresentation of particle behavior and a systematic underestimate of the time necessary for a population of nanoparticles to diffuse specific distances. We show here via both computational simulation and experimental data that this bias can be rigorously corrected by weighing the contribution by each particle trace on a ‘frame-by-frame’ basis. We believe this methodology presents an important step towards objective and accurate assessment of the heterogeneous transport behavior of submicron drug carriers and pathogens in biological environments.
An improved numerical model of a UV-PCO reactor for air purification applications
Creators: Hao Luo, Guangxin Zhang, Zaher Hashisho, Lexuan Zhong
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2020

Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (UV-PCO) is a promising gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination method, of which the PCO kinetics are closely related to the radiation and airflow (contaminants) fields. Mathematical models have been developed in extensive studies to demonstrate the PCO kinetic reactions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was also carried out to display the irradiance and flow fields in the reactor. However, it still lacks an in-depth understanding of the light and mass transfer within the porous film coating where the microscopic structures dominate. To close this gap, this paper concentrates on the development of mathematical models for describing the light propagation, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics within the porous film coating. Incorporated with a CFD model for solving the mass, momentum and energy conservation, the sophisticated PCO process in the reactor can be accurately reproduced. The developed models have been validated by the experimental data, and are comparable with other models in the literature. The developed numerical models provide the implications of mass transfer for film coating UV-PCO reactor design.
DigiEfekt: õpilaste õpipädevus (students’ learning competence)
Creators: name: Saks, Katrin
name: Raave, Doris Kristina
name: Heintalu, Kõue
name: Laanemets, Laivi
name: Remmelg, Mailen
name: Ilosaar, Alge
name: Veskus, Kersti
Publisher: name: Tartu Ülikooli haridusteaduste instituut
Year: 2023
Subjects: DigiEfekt
learning competence
õpipädevus
MSLQ
learning competence observation instrument
Eesti
põhikool
vaatlus
küsimustik
eneseregulatsioon
motivatsioon
õpistrateegiad

description: README-fail (ing k) on leitav DigiEfekti kollektsiooni “Koondfaili” juurest.
description: Õpipädevuse andmekogu on osa DigiEfekti (DIGIVARA5) koondandmekogust. Andmekogu koosneb kahest andmetabelist, kus ühes on esitatud 6. ja 9. klassi õpilaste eesti keele, matemaatika ja loodusainete õpipädevuse küsimustike (MSLQ) tulemused (“learningcomp_quest_data”) ning teises 3., 6. ja 9. klassi tundide vaatlusandmed (learningcomp_obs_data). Koodiraamat on andmefailides teisel lehel ("Codebook"). Lisatud on uuringu instrumenti ja tulemusi kirjeldav uuringu raport (“learningcomp_report_est”) ja uuringu instrumendid (“learningcomp_obs_protocol_est” ja “learning_quest_est”). Õpipädevus on õppija oskus tulla toime erinevates õpisituatsioonides, see on üks olulisemaid eeldusi õpiedu saavutamiseks nii formaalhariduses kui elukestvas õppes. Õpipädevuse all mõistetakse oskust kasutada õpistrateegiaid oma õpitegevuse organiseerimisel, õppematerjali omandamisel ja taasesitamisel.
description: The learning competence data set is part of the Digiefekt project (DIGIVARA5) aggregated data set. The data set comprises two data tables, one of which presents the results of the sixth- and ninth-grade students’ Estonian language, Maths and Science learning competence questionnaires (MSLQ) (“learningcomp_quest_data”) and the other the data on the lesson observations in the third, sixth and ninth grades (learningcomp_obs_data). The codebook is found on the second sheet in the data files ("Codebook"). Also added are the study report describing the study instrument and results (“learningcomp_report_est”) and the study instruments (“learningcomp_obs_protocol_est” and “learning_quest_est”). Learning competence is the learner’s ability to cope in different learning situations; it is one of the most important prerequisites for achieving academic success in both formal education and lifelong learning. Learning competence refers to one’s ability to use learning strategies in organising one’s learning, acquiring the learning material and reproducing it.
description: Raporti soovituslik viide eestikeelses allikas: Saks, K., Raave, D. K., Heintalu, K., Remmelg, M., Ilosaar, A., Veskus, K. (2022) DigiEfekti põhiuuringu tulemuste raport – õpilaste õpipädevus. Tartu Ülikool. https://datadoi.ee/handle/33/548
description: Raporti soovituslik viide ingliskeelses allikas: Saks, K., Raave, D. K., Heintalu, K., Remmelg, M., Ilosaar, A., Veskus, K. (2022) DigiEfekti põhiuuringu tulemuste raport – õpilaste õpipädevus. [Report of the DigiEfekt project – students’ learning competence]. University of Tartu. https://datadoi.ee/handle/33/548
Social protection for children, elders and people with disabilities in Brazil and Ecuador: a scoping review on its implementation and effects on health.
Creators: name: Shimonovich, Michal
name: Matta, Gustavo
name: Craig, Peter
name: Moncayo, Ana Lucia
name: Guimaraes, Joanna
name: Vittal Katikireddi
name: Pescarini, Julia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: International Public Health
subject: Other Public Health
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Public Health
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This scoping review aims to identify the evidence of the quality of implementation of key social protection programmes in Brazil and Ecuador, focusing on children, elders, and people with disabilities experiencing poverty and their effects on the socioeconomic determinants of health.
Nanoparticle modulation of the tumor microenvironment enhances therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin
Creators: name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as a multidrug resistant center for tumors under the assault of chemotherapy and a physiological barrier against the penetration of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs). Previous studies have indicated the ability for therapeutic NP to distribute into, and deplete tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) for improved therapeutic outcomes. However, a drug resistant phenotype gradually arises after repeated doses of chemotherapeutic NP. Herein, the acquisition of drug resistant phenotypes in the TME after repeated cisplatin NP treatment was examined. Particularly, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of NP damaged TAFs on neighboring cells and alteration of stromal structure after cisplatin treatment. Findings suggested that while off-targeted NP damaged TAFs and inhibited tumor growth after an initial dose, chronic exposure to cisplatin NP led to elevated secretion of Wnt16 in a paracrine manner in TAFs. Wnt16 upregulation was then attributed to heightened tumor cell resistance and stroma reconstruction. Results attest to the efficacy of Wnt16 knockdown in damaged TAFs as a promising combinatory strategy to improve efficacy of cisplatin NP in a stroma-rich bladder cancer model.
Optimal photon polarization toward the observation of the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production
Creators: name: Gao, Yunquan
name: Tang, Suo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the optimization of the photon polarization to increase the yield of the Breit-Wheeler pair production in arbitrarily polarized plane wave backgrounds. We show that the optimized photon polarization can improve the positron yield by more than $20\%$ compared to the unpolarized case, in the intensity regime of current laser-particle experiments. The seed photon's optimal polarization is resulting from the polarization coupling with the polarization of the laser pulse. The compact expressions of the coupling coefficients in both the perturbative and nonperturbative regime are given. Because of the evident difference in the coupling coefficients for the linear and circular polarization components, the seed photon's optimal polarization state in an elliptically polarized laser background, deviates considerably from the orthogonal state of the laser polarization.
Poly(2-oxazoline) based micelles with high capacity for 3rd generation taxoids: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Creators: name: Alakhova, Daria Y.
name: Darr, David B.
name: Luxenhofer, Robert
name: He, Zhijian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The clinically and commercially successful taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel suffer from two major drawbacks, namely their very low aqueous solubility and the risk of developing resistance. Here, we present a method that overcomes both drawbacks in a very simple manner. We formulated 3rd generation taxoids, able to avoid common drug resistance mechanisms with doubly amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a safe and highly efficient polymer for the formulation of extremely hydrophobic drugs. We found excellent solubilization of different 3rd generation taxoids irrespective of the drug's chemical structures with essentially quantitative drug loading and final drug to polymer ratios around unity. The small, highly loaded micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 100 nm are excellently suited for parenteral administration. Moreover, a selected formulation with the taxoid SB-T-1214 is about one to two orders of magnitude more active in vitro than paclitaxel in the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line LCC6-MDR. In contrast, in wild-type LCC6, no difference was observed. Using a q4d x 4 dosing regimen, we also found that POx/SB-T-1214 significantly inhibits the growth of LCC6-MDR orthotropic tumors, outperforming commercial paclitaxel drug Taxol and Cremophor EL formulated SB-T-1214.
Semiparametric Single-Index Estimation for Average Treatment Effects
Creators: name: Huang, Difang
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Oka, Tatsushi
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We propose a semiparametric method to estimate the average treatment effect under the assumption of unconfoundedness given observational data. Our estimation method alleviates misspecification issues of the propensity score function by estimating the single-index link function involved through Hermite polynomials. Our approach is computationally tractable and allows for moderately large dimension covariates. We provide the large sample properties of the estimator and show its validity. Also, the average treatment effect estimator achieves the parametric rate and asymptotic normality. Our extensive Monte Carlo study shows that the proposed estimator is valid in finite samples. We also provide an empirical analysis on the effect of maternal smoking on babies' birth weight and the effect of job training program on future earnings.
Diagnostics of the Coronal Hole and the adjacent Quiet Sun by The Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS)
Creators: name: Kayshap, P.
name: Banerjee, D.
name: Srivastava, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparison between a Coronal Hole (CH) and the adjacent Quiet-Sun (QS) has been performed using spectroscopic diagnostics of Hinode/ the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). Coronal funnels play an important role in the formation and propagation of the nascent fast solar wind. Applying Gaussian fitting procedures to the observed line profiles, Doppler velocity, intensity, line width (FWHM) and electron density have been estimated over CH and adjacent QS region of a North Polar Coronal Hole (NPCH). The aim of this study is to identify the coronal funnels based on spectral signatures. Excess width regions (excess FWHM above a threshold level) have been identified in QS and CH. The plasma flow inversion (average red-shifts changing to blue-shifts at a specific height) in CH and excess width regions of QS take place at ~ 5.01$\times$10$^{5}$ K. Furthermore, high density concentration in excess width regions of QS provides an indication that these regions are the footprints of coronal funnels. We have also found that non-thermal velocities of CH are higher in comparison to QS confirming that the CHs are the source regions of fast solar wind. Doppler and non-thermal velocities as recorded by different temperature lines have been also compared with previously published results. As we go from lower to upper solar atmosphere, down-flows are dominated in lower atmosphere while coronal lines are dominated by up-flows with a maximum value of ~ 10-12 km s$^{-1}$ in QS. Non-thermal velocity increases first but after Log T$_{e}$ = 5.47 it decreases further in QS. This trend can be interpreted as a signature of the dissipation of Alfvén waves, while increasing trend as reported earlier may attribute to the signature of the growth of Alfvén waves at lower heights. Predominance of occurrence of nano-flares around O {\sc vi} formation temperature could also explain non-thermal velocity trend.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Solar Physics Journal
Search for Milli-Charged Particles from the Sun at IceCube
Creators: name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is assumed that heavy dark matter particles $ϕ$ with O(TeV) mass captured by the Sun may decay to relativistic light milli-charged particles (MCPs). These MCPs could be measured by the IceCube detector. The massless hidden photon model was taken for MCPs to interact with nuclei, so that the numbers and fluxes of expected MCPs and neutrinos may be evaluated at IceCube. Based on the assumption that no events are observed at IceCube in 6 years, the corresponding upper limits on MCP fluxes were calculated at 90\% C. L.. These results indicated that MCPs could be directly detected in the secondaries' energy range O(100GeV)-O(10TeV) at IceCube, when $ε^2\gtrsim10^{-10}$. And a new region of 0.6 MeV < $m_{MCP}$ < 10 MeV and $6\times10^{-6}$ < $ε$ $\lesssim$ $10^{-4}$ is ruled out in the $m_{MCP}$-$ε$ plane with 6 years of IceCube data.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JHEP. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.02202
SOD1 nanozyme salvages ischemic brain by locally protecting cerebral vasculature
Creators: name: Brynskikh, Anna M.
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: S-Manickam, Devika
name: Jiang, Yuhang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD; SOD1) is widely considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for pathologies involving oxidative stress, but its application has been greatly hindered by delivery issues. In our previous study, nano-formulated SOD1 (cl-nanozyme) was shown to decrease infarct volume and improve sensorimotor functions after single intravenous (IV) injection in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it remained unclear how cl-nanozyme was able to deliver SOD1 to the brain and exert therapeutic efficacy. Present study aims to answer this question by exploring micro-distribution pattern of cl-nanozyme in the rat brain after stroke. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated cl-nanozyme co-localization with fibrin along damaged arteries and capillaries in the ischemic hemisphere. We further found that cl-nanozyme can be cross-linked into thrombi formed after I/R injury in the brain, and this effect is independent of animal species (rat/mouse) used for modeling I/R injury. This work is also the first report reinforcing therapeutic potential of cl-nanozyme in a well-characterized mouse MCAO model of I/R injury.
The secondary buckling transition: wrinkling of buckled spherical shells
Creators: name: Knoche, Sebastian
name: Kierfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically explain the complete sequence of shapes of deflated spherical shells. Decreasing the volume, the shell remains spherical initially, then undergoes the classical buckling instability, where an axisymmetric dimple appears, and, finally, loses its axisymmetry by wrinkles developing in the vicinity of the dimple edge in a secondary buckling transition. We describe the first axisymmetric buckling transition by numerical integration of the complete set of shape equations and an approximate analytic model due to Pogorelov. In the buckled shape, both approaches exhibit a locally compressive hoop stress in a region where experiments and simulations show the development of polygonal wrinkles, along the dimple edge. In a simplified model based on the stability equations of shallow shells, a critical value for the compressive hoop stress is derived, for which the compressed circumferential fibres will buckle out of their circular shape in order to release the compression. By applying this wrinkling criterion to the solutions of the axisymmetric models, we can calculate the critical volume for the secondary buckling transition. Using the Pogorelov approach, we also obtain an analytical expression for the critical volume at the secondary buckling transition: The critical volume difference scales linearly with the bending stiffness, whereas the critical volume reduction at the classical axisymmetric buckling transition scales with the square root of the bending stiffness. These results are confirmed by another stability analysis in the framework of Donnel, Mushtari and Vlasov (DMV) shell theory, and by numerical simulations available in the literature.
Transcatheter implantable devices to monitoring of elevated left atrial pressures in patients with chronic heart failure
Creators: name: De Rosa, Roberta
name: Piscione, Federico
name: Schranz, Dietmar
name: Citro, Roberta
name: Iesu, Severino
name: Galasso, Gennaro
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2017
Subjects: Left atrium
Heart failure
Transcatheter devices

description: Elevated left atrial (LA) pressures are associated with poor prognosis in heart failure (HF). Invasive monitoring of LA-pressures and direct mechanical LAdecompression are associated with functional improvement in patients suffering from HF both with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. We aim to review the current available percutaneously implantable sensors for haemodynamic telemonitoring of LApressures (direct LAP sensor device- HeartPOD; right ventricular device- Chronicle; pulmonary artery deviceCardioMEMs).
Modulational instability and quantum droplets in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Otajonov, Sherzod R.
name: Tsoy, Eduard N.
name: Abdullaev, Fatkhulla Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modulational instability of a uniform two-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of quantum fluctuations is studied. The analysis is based on the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. It is shown that quantum fluctuations can induce instability when the BEC density is below a threshold. The dependence of the growth rate of modulations on the BEC parameters is found. It is observed that an asymmetry of the interaction parameters and/or initial densities of the components typically decreases the growth rate. Further development of the instability results in a break-up of the BEC into a set of quantum droplets. These droplets merge dynamically with each other so that the total number of droplets decreases rapidly. The rate of this decrease is evaluated numerically for different initial parameters.
description: Submitted to Physical Review A
GMM Estimation for High-Dimensional Panel Data Models
Creators: name: Cheng, Tingting
name: Dong, Chaohua
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Linton, Oliver
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, we study a class of high dimensional moment restriction panel data models with interactive effects, where factors are unobserved and factor loadings are nonparametrically unknown smooth functions of individual characteristics variables. We allow the dimension of the parameter vector and the number of moment conditions to diverge with sample size. This is a very general framework and includes many existing linear and nonlinear panel data models as special cases. In order to estimate the unknown parameters, factors and factor loadings, we propose a sieve-based generalized method of moments estimation method and we show that under a set of simple identification conditions, all those unknown quantities can be consistently estimated. Further we establish asymptotic distributions of the proposed estimators. In addition, we propose tests for over-identification, specification of factor loading functions, and establish their large sample properties. Moreover, a number of simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed estimators and test statistics in finite samples. An empirical example on stock return prediction is studied to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework and corresponding estimation methods and testing procedures.
Stromal barriers and strategies for the delivery of nanomedicine to desmoplastic tumors
Creators: name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Nanoparticle based delivery formulations have become a leading delivery strategy for cancer imaging and therapy. The success of nanoparticle-based therapy relies heavily on their ability to utilize the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and active targeting moieties to their advantage. However, these methods often fail to enable a uniform NP distribution across the tumor, and lead to insufficient local concentrations of drug. Oftentimes, this heterogeneous drug distribution is one of the primary reasons for suboptimal treatment efficacy in NP delivery platforms. Herein, we seek to examine the biophysical causes of heterogeneous NP distribution in stroma-rich desmoplastic tumors; namely the abnormal tumor vasculature, deregulated extracellular matrix and high interstitial hypertension associated with these tumors. It is suggested that these factors help explain the discrepancy between promising outlooks for many NP formulations in preclinical studies, but suboptimal clinical outcomes for most FDA approved nanoformulations. Furthermore, examination into the role of the physicochemical properties of NPs on successful drug delivery was conducted in this review. In light of the many formidable barriers against successful NP drug delivery, we provided possible approaches to mitigate delivery issues from the perspective of stromal remodeling and NP design. In all, this review seeks to provide guidelines for optimizing nanoparticle-based cancer drug delivery through both modified nanoparticle design and alleviation of biological barriers to successful therapy.
Gender and Cross-dressing in the Seventeenth Century: Margaret Cavendish Reads Shakespeare
Creators: name: Cottegnies, Line
Publisher: name: Roma : Carocci
Year: 2013
Subjects: Shakespeare
Cavendish
Cross-dressing

description: Is there a woman in Shakespeare? This might sound facetious, but it is not so outlandish in the context of boy actors. Elizabethan drama was after all designed and stagemanaged by men mostly for men. In this context, is there an “essential” woman on the stage? In this essay, I examine issues of gender and sexual identity in Shakespeare’s drama by looking at how one particular woman reader of the seventeenth century, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, perceived femininity in his plays. In particular, I look at what can be read as a commentary on the ambivalent ending of Measure for Measure in her own Convent of Pleasure (1668) to try and offer a contextualized reflection on notions of gender expectations, and issues of reception.
Towards nanomedicines of the future: Remote magneto-mechanical actuation of nanomedicines by alternating magnetic fields
Creators: name: Majouga, Alexander G.
name: Gribanovsky, Sergey L.
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: Golovin, Yuri I.
name: Sokolsky, Marina
name: Master, Аlyssa M.
name: Golovin, Dmitry Y.
name: Klyachko, Natalia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The paper describes the concept of magneto-mechanical actuation of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in super-low and low frequency alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and its possible use for remote control of nanomedicines and drug delivery systems. The applications of this approach for remote actuation of drug release as well as effects on biomacromolecules, biomembranes, subcellular structures and cells are discussed in comparison to conventional strategies employing magnetic hyperthermia in a radio frequency (RF) AMF. Several quantitative models describing interaction of functionalized MNPs with single macromolecules, lipid membranes, and proteins (e.g. cell membrane receptors, ion channels) are presented. The optimal characteristics of the MNPs and an AMF for effective magneto-mechanical actuation of single molecule responses in biological and bio-inspired systems are discussed. Altogether, the described studies and phenomena offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics both alone and in combination with magnetic hyperthermia.