Lysmata rauli Laubenheimer & Rhyne, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Laubenheimer, Helio
name: Rhyne, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Lysmata
Lysmata rauli

description: Lysmata rauli sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–3)
Material examined. Holotype, hermaphrodite (cl 9.4), USNM 1130395, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, under rocky ledge in tide pool, 2 m depth, leg. N. Sarmento, VI.2005.
Description. Rostrum straight 0.65 times as long as carapace, reaching to midpoint of second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 1 A), with 3 postrostral teeth, posteriormost tooth not reaching midpoint of carapace, second and third tooth posterior of orbital margin (Figs. 1 A–B), 4 teeth on rostrum proper; 4 ventral teeth; dorsal rostrum teeth with 1 stiff seta inserted between teeth.
Carapace smooth, 1.4 times as long as high, posteroventral margin rounded; pterygostomial angle with pronounced acute tooth (Fig. 1 C). Eyes relatively large, not reaching dorsal margin of rostrum in lateral view (Fig. 1 A). Antennal tooth pronounced, reaching to midpoint of cornea. Antennular peduncle as long as or just falling short of distal margin of scaphocerite; stylocerite reaching to midpoint of first segment (Figs. 1 A, D); second segment about 1.7 times as long as wide (Figs. 1 C–D); third segment as long as second; lateral antennular flagellum long, with secondary ramus reduced to rudiment (Fig. 1 E). Scaphocerite three times as long as wide, with slightly concave lateral margin; distolateral tooth overreaching blade (Fig. 1 F).
Pleura of first three abdominal somites with rounded margin; pleuron of fourth somite rounded, lacking sharp posterolateral tooth; pleuron of fifth somite with sharp posterolateral tooth; sixth somite with acute posteroventral tooth and acute posterolateral tooth (Fig. 1 I). Telson about 1.8 times as long as sixth abdominal somite, tapering posteriorly; dorsal surface with two pairs of spines (Fig. 1 G); posterior margin not medially acute, with pair of long slender spines each flanked by a much shorter spine.
Third maxilliped with exopod reaching to 0.65 of antepenultimate segment, tip of ultimate segment with 5 spines (3 large, 2 small), in addition to 3 subdistal ones (Figs. 2 A–B). Remainder of mouthparts typical for the genus. First pereiopod with simple chela (Figs. 2 C, E), over-reaching distal margin of the scaphocerite when fully extended, carpus reaching or just overreaching first segment of antennular peduncle; ischium with row of spinules on ventral margin (Fig. 2 D); merus 1.6 times longer than carpus; propodus about 2.5 times as long as dactylus, 4.4 times as long as high (Fig. 2 E). Second pereiopods slender, ending in small simple chelae (Fig. 2 F, G); propodus about 2 times as long as dactylus, merus with 7 segments; carpus about twice as long as merus, with 15 segments (Fig. 2 F).
Third to fifth pereiopods similar, decreasing in length from third to fifth (Fig. 2 H–I, K); third pereiopod reaching to mid-length of scaphocerite; merus with 3 spines; dactylus about 0.2 times length of propodus (Figs. 2 H–I, K); distally biunguiculate, armed with 5 spines, dorsal unguis longer than ventral, flexor margin with 3 spinules, increasing in size from proximal to distal (Fig. 2 J). Fourth and fifth pereiopod similar to third, with dactylus bearing 5 spines; merus with 4 spines (Fig. 2 H). First and second pleopods as illustrated (Fig.1 J, K). Uropod as illustrated (Fig. 1 H).
Color in life. Body translucent with red longitudinal and diagonal stripes, dorsal portion of the abdominal pleurons with three longitudinal red stripes reaching to the distal end of uropods and telson, first and third abdominal pleurons with transverse red bands; gonads and embryos bright green (Fig. 3).
Distribution. Salvador, Bahia (type locality) with anecdotal reports from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Etymology. Named after our colleague and friend, Raul Fernandes Marinheiro Neto for his help collecting specimens, preparing drawings, and raising Lysmata for several years.
Remarks. The description of L. rauli sp. nov. is based on a single specimen. This new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of Lysmata from Brazil and the western Atlantic by the combination of the following features: presence of a rudimentary accessory branch in the lateral antennular flagellum; presence of a well developed pterygostomial tooth and the reduced number of carpal segments (15) in the second pereiopods. At this time, the relationship of L. rauli sp. nov. to other lineages (see Baeza et al. 2009) of Lysmata without a well developed accessory branch remains obscure. The small number of carpal segments and the presence of a pterygostomial tooth are unusual for species lacking a well developed accessory branch.
description: Published as part of Laubenheimer, Helio & Rhyne, Andrew L., 2010, Lysmata rauli, a new species of peppermint shrimp, (Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the southwestern Atlantic *, pp. 298-304 in Zootaxa 2372 on pages 299-302, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275821