cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining Nigeria's Existing Domestic And International Legal Framework For Combating Trafficking In Children (TIC)
Creators: name: Akpotaire, Clive
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis provides an understanding of the prevalence of trafficking in Nigeria and examines how Nigeria's existing legal framework on trafficking in children (TIC) can be improved. Apart from its domestic laws such as the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act (2015), Nigeria is a signatory to international instruments such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the associated Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, all of which aim at combating the trafficking in persons. Adopting doctrinal and critical analysis research method, this thesis assesses the effectiveness of existing domestic and international laws in addressing the TIC problem in Nigeria. It draws on existing literature, and international and national reports, particularly reports from the Nigerian National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) to problematize the issue and fashion a way forward. NAPTIP is the designated agency for combating trafficking in persons in Nigeria, making it a leading authority on the subject. Thus, this thesis in contributing to knowledge accessed NAPTIP reports ranging from 2011 to 2020 and TIC case law not publicly available to understand the TIC problem in Nigeria and justify an innovative approach to the issue.
The overarching argument in this thesis is that constitutional reforms and legislative action is required to improve the existing legal framework for combating TIC in Nigeria. Other strategies like strong political will, sensitisation, education, and capacity building for victims and law enforcement agents were also considered as means for improving the legal framework.
Additional experimental data from Electrochemical triggering of lipid bilayer lift-off oscillation at the electrode interface
Creators: name: Ryzhkov, Nikolay V.
name: Mamchik, Natalya A.
name: Skorb, Ekaterina V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: QCM data during the assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayer and lipid bilayer on gold electrode and study of charge-shifting behaviour of lipid molecules (be zeta-potential measurement at different pH)
Additional file 4: of Body weight, frailty, and chronic pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng
name: Winterstein, Almut
name: Fillingim, Roger
name: Wei, Yu-Jung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Adjusted association between BMI and chronic pain, with and without adjustment of frailty among older adults who had no missing values on covariates of interest (DOCX 15 kb)
Additional file 1 of OsHsfB4d Binds the Promoter and Regulates the Expression of OsHsp18.0-CI to Resistant Against Xanthomonas Oryzae
Creators: name: Yang, Wei
name: Ju, Yanhu
name: Zuo, Liping
name: Shang, Luyue
name: Li, Xinru
name: Li, Xiaoming
name: Feng, Shangzong
name: Ding, Xinhua
name: Chu, Zhaohui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The primers used in this study.
Worldsheets in Holography: Computing Corrections to the Veneziano Amplitude
Creators: name: Ireson, Edwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a brief summary of a method to calculate improvements to the Veneziano Amplitude, creating sub-leading non-linearities in the Regge trajectory of states. We formulate it as an extension of a computation by Makeenko and Olesen. We begin in a confining gauge theory coupled to matter, rewriting the meson scattering amplitude as a specific path integral over shapes and sizes of closed Wilson loops using the worldline formalism. We then prescribe how to further the computation at strong coupling by employing holography, which provides a prescription for the expectation value of these Wilson loops in strongly coupled regimes. We find that the problem can then be thought of as a computation in an effective field theory of a string worldsheet sigma model, evolving in a broad class of holographic backgrounds. A convenient interaction picture presents itself naturally in this context, allowing us to draw Feynman diagrams corresponding to the first few corrections due to weaker coupling regimes. The answer we find has qualitatively the same features as other endeavours with the same objective.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, in preparation for submission to MPLA
The Polarization of Radiation in Single Cristals in the Quasiclassical Approach
Creators: name: Darbinyan, S. M.
name: Ter-Isaakyan, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiation emission spectra of polarized photons emitted from charged particles in single oriented crystals are obtained in Bayer-Katkov quasiclassical approach. The results of numerical calculations are presented in the region of small angles of incidence for which the coherent theory fails but magnetic bremsstrahlung region isn't yet achieved. The spectral distribution of linear polarization degree repeats, in general, the form of the intensity distribution. At sufficiently small angles, in the case of planar orientation of crystal, there is a wide maximum of essential linear polarization at low frequencies.
description: Latex with 3 figures (.eps files). used epsfig.sty and wrapfig.sty
The First Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of HIP 41378 f, A Low-mass Temperate Jovian World in a Multiplanet System
Creators: name: Alam, Munazza K.
name: Kirk, James
name: Dressing, Courtney D.
name: López-Morales, Mercedes
name: Ohno, Kazumasa
name: Gao, Peter
name: Akinsanmi, Babatunde
name: Santerne, Alexandre
name: Grouffal, Salomé
name: Adibekyan, Vardan
name: Barros, Susana C. C.
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Dai, Fei
name: Deleuil, Magali
name: Giacalone, Steven
name: Lillo-Box, Jorge
name: Marley, Mark
name: Mayo, Andrew W.
name: Mortier, Annelies
name: Santos, Nuno C.
name: Sousa, Sérgio G.
name: Turtelboom, Emma V.
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
name: Vanderburg, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: 350
The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology

description: Abstract: We present a near-infrared transmission spectrum of the long-period (P = 542 days), temperate (T eq = 294 K) giant planet HIP 41378 f obtained with the Wide-Field Camera 3 instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). With a measured mass of 12 ± 3 M ⊕ and a radius of 9.2 ± 0.1 R ⊕, HIP 41378 f has an extremely low bulk density (0.09 ± 0.02 g cm−3). We measure the transit depth with a median precision of 84 ppm in 30 spectrophotometric channels with uniformly sized widths of 0.018 μm. Within this level of precision, the spectrum shows no evidence of absorption from gaseous molecular features between 1.1 and 1.7 μm. Comparing the observed transmission spectrum to a suite of 1D radiative-convective-thermochemical-equilibrium forward models, we rule out clear, low-metallicity atmospheres and find that the data prefer high-metallicity atmospheres or models with an additional opacity source, such as high-altitude hazes and/or circumplanetary rings. We explore the ringed scenario for HIP 41378 f further by jointly fitting the K2 and HST light curves to constrain the properties of putative rings. We also assess the possibility of distinguishing between hazy, ringed, and high-metallicity scenarios at longer wavelengths with the James Webb Space Telescope. HIP 41378 f provides a rare opportunity to probe the atmospheric composition of a cool giant planet spanning the gap in temperature, orbital separation, and stellar irradiation between the solar system giants, directly imaged planets, and the highly irradiated hot Jupiters traditionally studied via transit spectroscopy.
title: Dynamic Analysis of an Earth-Orbiting Satellite Deploying Hinged Appendages
Creators: name: Oakes, Kevin Fielding
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1986

description: The planar liberational dynamics of an arbitrary spacecraft with deployable hinged appendages is presented here both analytically and numerically. The system model consists of a central rigid satellite moving about the earth in a circular orbit at a uniform orbital rate. Attached to the satellite are two unfolding rigid booms with specified mass and length. Tip masses are included at the ends of each boom and deployment is driven by torsional springs at both frictionless hinge points. The equations of motion are developed for both a single- and double-appendage model through the use of Lagrange's equations. The formulation accounts for large angle rotations, Coriolis effects, and the gravitational gradient. Utilizing Newtonian mechanics, the equations of motion for the deployment of a single massless boom are developed and compared with the Lagrangian formulation for validation purposes, The resulting nonlinear, coupled governing equations are not subject to closed-form solutions and are thus integrated numerically. Nondimensional parameters are defined to simplify the single appendage analysis and the equations are linearized about prescribed positions to study the stability of the system. The investigation is applied to the Space Shuttle based deployment of rigid truss-like members. Results indicate that spacecraft inertia parameters, appendage mass and length, deployment velocity, and initial conditions all exhibit considerable influence on the system response. The resulting librational motion is directly related to the size of the deployable payload and gravitational forces lead to vehicle stabilization. These findings may be helpful in assessing orbital effects during the deployment of large space structures or on the motion of satellites with robotic manipulator arms.
Audience effect on mating behaviour_sub 3_Supplementary.docx from Oestrous females avoid mating in front of adult male bystanders in wild chacma baboons
Creators: name: Baniel, Alice
name: Delaunay, Axelle
name: Cowlishaw, Guy
name: Huchard, Elise
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: In social species, female mating strategies can be constrained by both male and female groupmates through sexual conflict and reproductive competition, respectively. This study tests if females adjust their sexual behaviour according to the presence of male and female bystanders in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and assesses their relative importance. Our results show that oestrous females initiate fewer copulations in the presence of adult male bystanders, irrespective of whether they are mate-guarded or not. This inhibitory effect probably reflects a response to indirect sexual coercion by males, whose close proximity may dissuade females to initiate copulations with rival males to avoid punishment and/or aggressive mating interference. By contrast, females initiate more matings with their mate-guard in the presence of higher-ranking female bystanders, which may reflect an attempt to secure bodyguard services from their mate when they feel threatened. These results emphasize the importance of intra- and intersexual conflicts in shaping female sexual behaviour in this promiscuous society.
Evidence for multiple molecular species in the hot Jupiter HD 209458b
Creators: name: Hawker, George A.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Cabot, Samuel H. C.
name: Gandhi, Siddharth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular species in planetary atmospheres provide key insights into their atmospheric processes and formation conditions. In recent years, high-resolution Doppler spectroscopy in the near-infrared has allowed detections of H$_2$O and CO in the atmospheres of several hot Jupiters. This method involves monitoring the spectral lines of the planetary thermal emission Doppler-shifted due to the radial velocity of the planet over its orbit. However, aside from CO and H$_2$O, which are the primary oxygen- and carbon-bearing species in hot H$_2$-rich atmospheres, little else is known about molecular compositions of hot Jupiters. Several recent studies have suggested the importance and detectability of nitrogen-bearing species in such atmospheres. In this Letter, we confirm potential detections of CO and H$_2$O in the hot Jupiter HD 209458b using high-resolution spectroscopy. We also report a cross-correlation peak with a signal-to-noise ratio of $4.7$ from a search for HCN. The results are obtained using high-resolution phase-resolved spectroscopy with the Very Large telescope CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (VLT CRIRES) and standard analysis methods reported in the literature. A more robust treatment of telluric contamination and other residuals would improve confidence and enable unambiguous molecular detections. The presence of HCN could provide constraints on the C/O ratio of HD~209458b and its potential origins.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJL
title: Algorithm for fast evaluation of in-plane fiber orientation in reinforced plastics using light microscopy images
Creators: name: Wiegel, Klara
name: Schlink, André
name: Eckel, Elisabeth
name: Ayeb, Mohamed
name: Brabetz, Ludwig
name: Hartung, Michael
name: Heim, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600
subject: Faserorientierung
subject: Algorithmus
subject: Kohlenstofffaser
subject: Spritzgießen
subject: Polyamid 6
subject: Polypropylen

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
A Gauge-Mediation Model of Dynamical SUSY Breaking with a Wide Range of the Gravitino Mass
Creators: name: Izawa, K. -I.
name: Nomura, Yasunori
name: Yanagida, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a gauge-mediation model of dynamical supersymmetry breaking where the gravitino mass takes a value in a wide range from 0.1 eV to 10 GeV. The lower mass region of order 100 keV or less deserves experimental and cosmological interests. The vacuum of our model is a true one without runaway instability, which may be desirable in a cosmological evolution of the universe.
description: 7 pages, Latex
Matrix Theory
Creators: name: Banks, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an expanded version of talks given by the author at the Trieste Spring School on Supergravity and Superstrings in April of 1997 and at the accompanying workshop. The manuscript is intended to be a mini-review of Matrix Theory. The motivations and some of the evidence for the theory are presented, as well as a clear statement of the current puzzles about compactification to low dimensions.
description: 72 pages, harvmac big, references added, typos corrected
title: „Der Kulturwert des Slawischen“ für Europa
Creators: name: Marti, Roland
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst Slavistik
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Europa
subject: Slawische Sprachen
subject: Slawistik
subject: Kulturbeziehungen
subject: 491.8

description: Der Beitrag knüpft an den Aufsatz von Karl Krumbacher aus dem Jahr 1908 über die Stellung des Slavischen in der „christlichen (westlichen) Welt" an und geht anhand von Beispielen aus dem Wortschatz nichtslavischer Sprachen auf den „Kulturwert des Slavischen“ für Europa ein. Dem gehen einige allgemeine Informationen über das Slavische in Europa voran.
description: Europa: Traditionen - Werte - Perspektiven. Beiträge zu einer Ringvorlesung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes im Sommersemester 1999, p. 137
Testing strong line metallicity diagnostics at z~2
Creators: name: Patrício, V.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Rhodin, H.
name: Cañameras, R.
name: Lara-López, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-z galaxy gas-phase metallicities are usually determined through observations of strong optical emission lines with calibrations tied to the local universe. Recent debate has questioned if these calibrations are valid in the high-z universe. We investigate this by analysing a sample of 16 galaxies at z~2 available in the literature, and for which the metallicity can be robustly determined using oxygen auroral lines. The sample spans a redshift range of 1.4 < z < 3.6, has metallicities of 7.4-8.4 in 12+log(O/H) and stellar masses 10^7.5-10^11 Msun. We test commonly used strong line diagnostics (R23, O3, O2, O32, N2, O3N2 and Ne3O2 ) as prescribed by four different sets of empirical calibrations, as well as one fully theoretical calibration. We find that none of the strong line diagnostics (or calibration set) tested perform consistently better than the others. Amongst the line ratios tested, R23 and O3 deliver the best results, with accuracies as good as 0.01-0.04 dex and dispersions of ~0.2 dex in two of the calibrations tested. Generally, line ratios involving nitrogen predict higher values of metallicity, while results with O32 and Ne3O2 show large dispersions. The theoretical calibration yields an accuracy of 0.06 dex, comparable to the best strong line methods. We conclude that, within the metallicity range tested in this work, the locally calibrated diagnostics can still be reliably applied at z~2.
description: 12 pages, 8 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Colorimetric and rapid determination of Cr(III) ions in water samples using AuNPs modified with 11-mercaptoundecyl phosphonic acid: spectroscopic characterization and reaction mechanism
Creators: name: Grajeda, Blanca A. García
name: Aguila, Sergio A.
name: Guevara, Héctor Peinado
name: Reynoso-Soto, Edgar
name: Ochoa-Terán, Adrián
name: Balter Trujillo-Navarrete
name: Enríquez, Adriana Cruz
name: Campos-Gaxiola, José J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A facile colorimetric method for rapid determination of Cr(III) ions was developed using 11-mercaptoundecylphosphonic acid modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-MPA) in aqueous medium. The reaction of AuNPs-MPA + Cr(III) ions were were characterized by FTIR and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of Cr(III) easily induced aggregation of AuNPs-MPA, resulting in the color change from pink to blue. This method exhibited excellent selectivity toward Cr(III) compared to other metal cations. Optimal detection of Cr(III) was found in a pH range from 4 to 9, the detection time within 8 min. In addition, the developed effective probe has been successfully applied to detect Cr(III) water samples.
Epistemic injustice anddissidence: A bibliometricanalysis of the literature onparticipatory action researchhosted on the Web of Science
Creators: name: Delgado-Baena, Antonio
name: Serrano, Laura
name: Sianes, Antonio
name: Vela-Jiménez, Rocio
name: Lopez-Montero, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 440499
subject: Development studies not elsewhere classified

description: For decades, Participatory Action Research (PAR) has been extended as a scientific praxisapplied in different contexts, characterised by the involvement of participating groups andoriented towards social transformation. However, there is a certain dialectical tensionbetween those approaches that emphasise the method versus those that emphasise thepursuit of social change from a decolonial perspective. This article questions how thispraxis is reflected in scientific transfer, analysing not only the development and scope of scientific production in PAR, but also how the academy may reproduce relations inherentto coloniality in this transfer. To this end, the production on PAR hosted on the Web ofScience (WoS) is collected, and a bibliometric analysis is performed by applying descriptiveand relational techniques using VosViewer software. The study concludes thatscientific production has not stopped growing and that the areas of knowledge where it isapplied have diversified. However, it also points out how the knowledge productionmodel reproduces the power relations of coloniality, affecting PAR’s transfer. Thisanalysis can contribute to the debate on a scientific approach oriented to improveprocesses of social transformation.
title: Open Data
title: Beispiele aus der Neurowissenschaft
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Riedl, Lydia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie ist es unverkennbar geworden – offene Forschungsdaten sind elementar für die Lösung von gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Auch Ihre eigenen Forschungsdaten sind interessant und potenziell von Mehrwert für andere Forschende oder die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. Manchmal gewinnen Forschungsdaten auch in ganz neuen Kontexten eine zentrale Bedeutung: Beispielsweise eröffnen jahrzehntealte Aufnahmen von Tierstimmen für die Biodiversitätsforschung heute neue Möglichkeiten.

In dieser Präsentation wird besprochen, warum es sinnvoll ist, die eigenen Forschungsdaten aufzubereiten und zu veröffentlichen. Anhand konkreter Beispiele aus einem spezifischen Fach, der Neurowissenschaft, wird das Potential offener Daten erläutert.
description: In the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic, it has become unmistakable - open research data is elementary for solving societal challenges. Also your own research data is interesting and potentially of value to other researchers or the interested public. Sometimes, research data also gain central importance in completely new contexts: for example, decades-old recordings of animal voices open up new possibilities for biodiversity research today. 

This presentation discusses why it is beneficial to process and publish your own research data. Using concrete examples from a specific discipline, neuroscience, the potential of open data will be explained.
Additional file 6: of Body weight, frailty, and chronic pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng
name: Winterstein, Almut
name: Fillingim, Roger
name: Wei, Yu-Jung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Comparison of characteristics of older respondents in 1999â 2004 NHANES versus in 2011â 2016 NHANES (DOCX 21 kb)
FINITE SIZE SCALING FOR FIRST ORDER TRANSITIONS: POTTS MODEL
Creators: name: de Oliveira, P. M. C.
name: de Oliveira, S. M. Moss
name: Cordeiro, C. E.
name: Stauffer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite-size scaling algorithm based on bulk and surface renormalization of de Oliveira (1992) is tested on q-state Potts models in dimensions D = 2 and 3. Our Monte Carlo data clearly distinguish between first- and second-order phase transitions. Continuous-q analytic calculations performed for small lattices show a clear tendency of the magnetic exponent Y = D - beta/nu to reach a plateau for increasing values of q, which is consistent with the first-order transition value Y = D. Monte Carlo data confirm this trend.
description: 5 pages, plain tex, 5 EPS figures, in file POTTS.UU (uufiles)
Phase asymmetry ultrasound despeckling with fractional anisotropic diffusion and total variation
Creators: name: Mei, Kunqiang
name: Hu, Bin
name: Fei, Baowei
name: Qin, Binjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose an ultrasound speckle filtering method for not only preserving various edge features but also filtering tissue-dependent complex speckle noises in ultrasound images. The key idea is to detect these various edges using a phase congruence-based edge significance measure called phase asymmetry (PAS), which is invariant to the intensity amplitude of edges and takes 0 in non-edge smooth regions and 1 at the idea step edge, while also taking intermediate values at slowly varying ramp edges. By leveraging the PAS metric in designing weighting coefficients to maintain a balance between fractional-order anisotropic diffusion and total variation (TV) filters in TV cost function, we propose a new fractional TV framework to not only achieve the best despeckling performance with ramp edge preservation but also reduce the staircase effect produced by integral-order filters. Then, we exploit the PAS metric in designing a new fractional-order diffusion coefficient to properly preserve low-contrast edges in diffusion filtering. Finally, different from fixed fractional-order diffusion filters, an adaptive fractional order is introduced based on the PAS metric to enhance various weak edges in the spatially transitional areas between objects. The proposed fractional TV model is minimized using the gradient descent method to obtain the final denoised image. The experimental results and real application of ultrasound breast image segmentation show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art ultrasound despeckling filters for both speckle reduction and feature preservation in terms of visual evaluation and quantitative indices.
description: 12
The Q^2 Dependence of Dijet Cross Sections in gamma p Interactions at HERA
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the photon structure on the photon virtuality, Q^2, is studied by measuring the reaction e^+p\to e^+ + {\rm jet} + {\rm jet} + {\rm X} at photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 134 < W < 223 GeV. Events have been selected in the Q^2 ranges \approx 0 GeV^2, 0.1-0.55 GeV^2, and 1.5-4.5 GeV^2, having two jets with transverse energy E_T^{jet} > 5.5 GeV in the final state. The dijet cross section has been measured as a function of the fractional momentum of the photon participating in the hard process, x_gamma. The ratio of the dijet cross section with x_gamma < 0.75 to that with x_gamma > 0.75 decreases as Q^2 increases. The data are compared with the predictions of NLO pQCD and leading-order Monte Carlo programs using various parton distribution functions of the photon. The measurements can be interpreted in terms of a resolved photon component that falls with Q^2 but remains present at values of Q^2 up to 4.5 GeV^2. However, none of the models considered gives a good description of the data.
description: 15 pages and 4 figures
The role of electron-electron interactions in two-dimensional Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Tang, Ho-Kin
name: Leaw, J. N.
name: Rodrigues, J. N. B.
name: Herbut, I. F.
name: Sengupta, P.
name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Adam, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of electron-electron interactions on two-dimensional Dirac fermions remains enigmatic. Using a combination of nonperturbative numerical and analytical techniques that incorporate both the contact and long-range parts of the Coulomb interaction, we identify the two previously discussed regimes: a Gross-Neveu transition to a strongly correlated Mott insulator, and a semi-metallic state with a logarithmically diverging Fermi velocity accurately described by the random phase approximation. Most interestingly, experimental realizations of Dirac fermions span the crossover between these two regimes providing the physical mechanism that masks this velocity divergence. We explain several long-standing mysteries including why the observed Fermi velocity in graphene is consistently about 20 percent larger than the best values calculated using ab initio and why graphene on different substrates show different behavior.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
On the two-dimensional Schrödinger operator with an attractive potential of the Bessel-Macdonald type
Creators: name: De Lima, W. B.
name: Del Cima, O. M.
name: Franco, D. H. T.
name: Neves, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Schrödinger operator in two-dimensions with an attractive potential given by a Bessel-Macdonald function. This operator is derived in the non-relativistic approximation of planar quantum electrodynamics (${\rm QED}_3$) models as a framework for evaluation of two-quasiparticle scattering potentials. The analysis is motivated keeping in mind the fact that parity-preserving ${\rm QED}_3$ models can provide a possible explanation for the behavior of superconductors. Initially, we study the self-adjointness and spectral properties of the Schrödinger operator modeling the non-relativistic approximation of these ${\rm QED}_3$ models. Then, by using {\em Setô-type estimates}, an estimate is derived of the number of two-particle bound states which depends directly on the value of the effective coupling constant, $C$, for {\em any} value of the angular momentum. In fact, this result in connection with the condition that guarantees the self-adjointness of the Schrödinger operator shows that there can always be a large number of two-quasiparticle bound states in planar quantum electrodynamics models. In particular, we show the existence of an isolated two-quasiparticle bound state if the effective coupling constant $C \in (0,2)$ in case of zero angular momentum. To the best of our knowledge, this result has not yet been addressed in the literature. Additionally, we obtain an explicit estimate for the energy gap of two-quasiparticle bound states which might be applied to high-$T_c$ $s$-wave Cooper-type superconductors as well as to $s$-wave electron-polaron--electron-polaron bound states (bipolarons) in mass-gap graphene systems.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, published in Annals of Physics
title: A Wedding Song
Creators: name: Goldin, Farideh Dayanam
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2002

description: I left Iran on July 4, 1975, returned the following year for a visit, not realizing that I would never return. The Islamic Revolution toppled the government of Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1979, forcing most of the Iranian Jewish community to leave a country we had called home for over 2000 years.

Undoubtedly, the exile has allowed the Iranian Jews to sharpen our sense of pride and belonging to our heritage. Having lived on the fringes of often anti-Semitic populations, we had rarely believed in our own strength, rarely been allowed to study our history. In Iran, we tried to keep a low profile, to be invisible. In exile, although many yearn for our homes, we have the freedom to write, to talk, to explore. My memoir is a continuum of this struggle to document, to recapture a life that is rapidly disappearing.

This thesis chronicles my childhood, my family's lives, and the lives of women who went unnoticed in the southern Iranian city of Shiraz. I attempt to acquaint my western readers with the essence of Jewish life in the shadow of Islam, the magnetism of western technology and freedom against the lulling effect of Persian literature, thoughts, customs and ethics.

This is my story.
Shedding Light on Top Partner at the LHC
Creators: name: Alhazmi, Haider
name: Kim, Jeong Han
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Lewis, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the 14 TeV LHC to pair-produced top partners ($T$) decaying into the Standard Model top quark ($t$) plus either a gluon ($g$) or a photon ($γ$). The decays $T\rightarrow tg$ and $T\rightarrow tγ$ can be dominant when the mixing between the top partner and top quark are negligible. In this case, the conventional decays $T\rightarrow bW$, $T\rightarrow tZ$, and $T\rightarrow th$ are highly suppressed and can be neglected. We take a model-independent approach using effective operators for the $T$-$t$-$g$ and $T$-$t$-$γ$ interactions, considering both spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ top partners. We perform a semi-realistic simulation with boosted top quark tagging and an appropriate implementation of a jet-faking-photon rate. Despite a simple dimensional analysis indicating that the branching ratios ${\rm BR}(T\rightarrow tγ)\ll {\rm BR}(T\rightarrow tg)$ due to the electric-magnetic coupling being much smaller than the strong force coupling, our study shows that the LHC sensitivity to $T\bar{T}\rightarrow t\overline{t}γg$ is more significant than the sensitivity to $T\overline{T}\rightarrow t\overline{t}gg$. This is due to much smaller backgrounds attributed to the isolated high-$p_T$ photon. We find that with these decay channels and 3 ab$^{-1}$ of data, the LHC is sensitive to top partner masses $m_T\lesssim 1.4-1.8$~TeV for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ top partners, respectively.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables
Neutrinos, their Partners and Unification
Creators: name: Triantaphyllou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efforts to unify group-theoretically the standard-model gauge interactions with the generation structure of fermions and their mirror partners should be accompanied with the unification of the corresponding gauge couplings. In this paper the possibility of such a unification is studied and conclusions on possible symmetry-breaking channels and scales, as well as on the fermion content of the theory, are drawn. The breaking of some of the symmetries allows various Majorana masses for neutrinos and their mirror partners, so these are studied next. Implications to neutrino mixings and mass hierarchies in connection with recent experimental results, as well as to electroweak precision tests, are then discussed.
description: 35 Latex pages, improved version
Social cognitive optimization with tent map for combined heat and power economic dispatch
Creators: name: Sun, Jiaze
name: Li, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem is a sophisticated constrained nonlinear optimization problem in a heat and power production system for assigning heat and power production to minimize the production costs. To address this challenging problem, a novel social cognitive optimization algorithm with tent map (TSCO) is presented for solving the CHPED problem. To handle the equality constraints in heat and power balance constraints, adaptive constraints relaxing rule is adopted in constraint processing. The novelty of our work lies in the introduction of a new powerful TSCO algorithm to solve the CHPED issue. The effectiveness and superiority of the presented algorithm is validated by conducting 2 typical CHPED cases. The numerical results show that the proposed approach has better convergence speed and solution quality than all other existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
description: Accepted by International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
title: Static Temperature Measurements in Supersonic Flow Using Lasar Raman Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Nystrom, Paul A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1977

description: Laser Raman spectroscopy is a nonintrusive technique which can generate mean static temperature (MST) data within flow fields. By ratioing two simultaneously gathered portions of the Raman scattered spectrum, absolute intensity measurements were not needed. This method was applied to a supersonic cold air jet, where the NST ranged from 160'K to 300'K. Accurate measurements were not realized due to the presence of flow contaminates, especially water vapor.
Supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld Axionic Inflation and Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Nath, Pran
name: Piskunov, Maksim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis is given of inflation based on a supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action in an axionic landscape. The DBI model we discuss involves a landscape of chiral superfields with one $U(1)$ shift symmetry which is broken by instanton type non-perturbative terms in the superpotential. Breaking of the shift symmetry leads to one pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson which acts as the inflaton while the remaining normalized phases of the chiral fields generically labeled axions are invariant under the $U(1)$ shift symmetry. The analysis is carried out in the vacuum with stabilized saxions, which are the magnitudes of the chiral fields. Regions of the parameter space where slow-roll inflation occurs are exhibited and the spectral indices as well as the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum are computed. An interesting aspect of supersymmetric DBI models analyzed is that in most of the parameter space tensor to scalar ratio and scalar spectral index are consistent with Planck data if slow roll occurs and is not eternal. Also interesting is that the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum can be large and can lie close to the experimental upper limit and thus testable in improved experiment. Non-Gaussianity in this class of models is explored.
description: 23 pages. 3 figures
On the Thermodynamic Stability of Odd-Frequency Superconductors
Creators: name: Heid, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic stability of odd-frequency pairing states is investigated within an Eliashberg-type framework. We find the rigorous result that in the weak coupling limit a continuous transition from the normal state to a spatially homogeneous odd-in-$ω$ superconducting state is forbidden, irrespective of details of the pairing interaction and of the spin symmetry of the gap function. For isotropic systems, it is shown that the inclusion of strong coupling corrections does not invalidate this result. We discuss a few scenarios that might escape these thermodynamic constraints and permit stable odd-frequency pairing states.
description: 10 pages, REVTEX 3.0, accepted for publication in Z. Phys. B
Supplementary Material for: Vaccination and Host Marek's Disease-Resistance Genotype Significantly Reduce Oncogenic Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 Telomere Integration in Host Birds
Creators: name: McPherson, M.C.
name: Cheng, H.H.
name: Smith, J.M.
name: Delany, M.E.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine

description: Marek's disease (MD) is an infectious disease characterized by lymphomas and high mortality in susceptible chickens. The causative and ubiquitous alpha-herpesvirus known as MD virus (MDV) integrates into host telomeres during early infection through latency, known to be an important phase for oncogenic transformation. Herein, we sought to determine the influence of vaccination and host genetics on the temporal dynamics of MDV-host genome interactions. We studied integration profiles using 2 MD vaccines that vary in protective efficacy in 2 genetic lines that differ in MD resistance/susceptibility. Virus integration of both oncogenic MDV and vaccine strains was observed in both MD susceptible and resistant birds, however, the lines differed in their dynamic telomere-integration profiles. Notably, the resistant host genotype exhibited a smaller percentage of replicating cells with the virus telomere-integrated only phenotype as compared to the susceptible genotype. Vaccination with Rispens, the most protective MD vaccine, also reduced the establishment of the virus telomere-integrated only phenotype, suggesting a significant role of the phenotype in MD lymphoma development. The effect of Rispens vaccination was most dramatic in the susceptible genotype. These results suggest important connections between vaccinal immunity, MDV telomere integration, virus-induced oncogenesis, and virus-host genome interactions in the context of host genetics and disease susceptibility.
Beyond the near-horizon limit: Stringy corrections to Heterotic Black Holes
Creators: name: Cano, Pablo A.
name: Chimento, Samuele
name: Meessen, Patrick
name: Ortin, Tomas
name: Ramirez, Pedro F.
name: Ruiperez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the first-order in $α'$ corrections to 4-charge black holes (with the Reissner-Nordström black hole as a particular example) beyond the near-horizon limit in the Heterotic Superstring effective action framework. The higher-curvature terms behave as delocalized sources in the equations of motion and in the Bianchi identity of the 3-form. For some charges, this introduces a shift between their values measured at the horizon and asymptotically. Some of these corrections and their associated charge shifts, but not all of them, can be canceled using appropriate SU$(2)$ instantons for the heterotic gauge fields. The entropy, computed using Wald's formula, is in agreement with the result obtained via microstate counting when the delocalized sources are properly taken into account.
description: 46 pages
Rare Kaon Decays
Creators: name: Kettell, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of rare kaon decay experiments is reviewed. New limits in the search for Lepton Flavor Violation are discussed, as are new measurements of the CKM matrix.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, presented at the 3rd International Conference on B Phyiscs and CP Violation, Taipei December 3-7, 1999
Method for finding the exact effective Hamiltonian of time driven quantum systems
Creators: name: Sandoval-Santana, J. C.
name: Ibarra-Sierra, V. G.
name: Cardoso, J. L.
name: Kunold, A.
name: Roman-Taboada, P.
name: Naumis, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-driven quantum systems are important in many different fields of physics like cold atoms, solid state, optics, etc. Many of their properties are encoded in the time evolution operator which is calculated by using a time-ordered product of actions. The solution to this problem is equivalent to find an effective Hamiltonian. This task is usually very complex and either requires approximations, or in very particular and rare cases, a system-dependent method can be found. Here we provide a general scheme that allows to find such effective Hamiltonian. The method is based in using the structure of the associated Lie group and a decomposition of the evolution on each group generator. The time evolution is thus always transformed in a system of ordinary non-linear differential equations for a set of coefficients. In many cases this system can be solved by symbolic computational algorithms. As an example, an exact solution to three well known problems is provided. For two of them, the modulated optical lattice and Kapitza pendulum, the exact solutions, which were already known, are reproduced. For the other example, the Paul trap, no exact solutions were known. Here we find such exact solution, and as expected, contain the approximate solutions found by other authors.
description: 2 figures, 4 ancillary files
Rapport de stage SIENCILE
Creators: name: SIENCILE Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: rapport de stage SIENCILE 2017-2018EVALUATION DE LA DYNAMIQUE DES
PARAMETRES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES DU FLEUVE
OUBANGUI EN CENTRAFRIQUE
title: 4th Helmholtz Open Science Forum on the NFDI - "Helmholtz Contributions to FAIRness and Data Quality"
Creators: name: Genderjahn, Steffi
name: Meistring, Marcel
name: Vleugel, Mathijs
name: Brune, Sascha
name: Frickenhaus, Stephan
name: Murphy, Bridget
name: Nimptsch, Katharina
name: Nunes da Rocha, Ulisses
name: Selzer, Michael
name: Süß, Wolfgang
name: Weber, Frank
Publisher: name: Helmholtz Open Science Office
Year: 2025

description: With the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI), the German federal and state governments are pursuing the goal of systematically making research data resources accessible in accordance with the FAIR principles. Members of Helmholtz Centers are active in a considerable number of NFDI consortia. On a regular basis, the Helmholtz Open Science Office organises the Helmholtz Open Science Forum on the NFDI. The objective of this event series is to convene a diverse range of stakeholders from Helmholtz who are engaged in NFDI activities, with the aim of fostering a robust and interconnected NFDI network within the Helmholtz community. The programme of the 4th forum in this series on the 21st of January, 2025 encompassed a comprehensive range of topics, with a particular emphasis on strategies to enhance the FAIR principles and data quality.
Flow equations for QED in the light front dynamics
Creators: name: Gubankova, E. L.
name: Wegner, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of flow equations is applied to QED on the light front. Requiring that the partical number conserving terms in the Hamiltonian are considered to be diagonal and the other terms off-diagonal an effective Hamiltonian is obtained which reduces the positronium problem to a two-particle problem, since the particle number violating contributions are eliminated. No infrared divergencies appear. The ultraviolet renormalization can be performed simultaneously.
description: 15 pages, Latex, 3 pictures, Submitted to Phys.Rev.D