Pelecinobaccha costata Say 1829, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Skevington, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Pelecinobaccha
Pelecinobaccha costata

description: Pelecinobaccha costata (Say, 1829) comb. nov.
Map 14. Figure 25.
Baccha costata Say, 1829.— Say, 1829: 161. Type locality: USA, Indiana. Holotype adult ANSP (not examined). Hull, 1949a: 147 (redescription), 224 (fig. 152, female abdomen), 228 (fig. 169, male abdomen), 280 (fig. 376, wing).
Ocyptamus costatus. Thompson et al., 1976: 15 (catalog citation).
Baccha costalis Wiedemann, 1830.— Wiedemann, 1830: 97. Type locality: Unknown. Lectotype NMW (not examined) (synonymised by Wirth et al. 1965).
Baccha tarchetius Walker, 1849.— Walker, 1849: 549. Type locality: USA, Georgia. Lectotype BMNH (not examined) (synonymised by Wirth et al. 1965).
Male. Head: Black. Face with lateral ⅓ pale, a few black pile ventral to antennal insertions. Lunule entirely black, sometimes with small pale area above antennal insertions. Frontal triangle pale laterally until dorsal to frontal prominence or ventral ⅔, continuous from face, brown dull pollinose medially, white-silver pollen continuous from face restricted to lateral margin except around eye contiguity, pile white laterally on pale region lateral to frontal prominence. Vertical triangle with 3 irregular rows of pile on posterior ⅓, most pile concentrated in a single median row anteriorly; ocellar triangle separated by its length from posterior eye margin. Eye contiguity as long as vertical triangle length. Eye with posterior indentation at level of antennal insertion. Antennal insertions confluent, ventral margin with dorsal extension. Dorsal ⅓ of occiput with posterior row of long scale-like white pile and anterior row of short simple black pile; middle ⅓ with 2–3 rows of white, scale-like pile, anterior rows much shorter; ventral ⅓ with 2 rows of scale-like white pile.
Thorax: Scutum black, mainly sparse dull brown-pollinose, with weak anterior pair of sub-median vittae of concentrated pollen, and with white pollen on notopleuron; scutum mainly white pilose, pile slightly longer and shining on notopleuron and on anterior continuous row. Scutellum dark brown, white pilose, subscutellar fringe pile long and white. Pleuron white pilose and mostly dark except white on posterior ½ of posterior anepisternum and dorso-posterior katepisternum. Plumula long and white. Calypter white. Halter light yellow, stem sometimes brown, capitulum sometimes light red.
Wing: Hyaline with dark anterior margin (dark on cells bc, c, sc, r, r1, r2+3 and basal ⅓ of bm), entirely microtrichose; alula large, basally 2.5 times to apically 4.5 times as broad as c cell, hyaline, mostly bare, microtrichose on apex, sparse microtrichose on base and anterior margin.
Legs: Proleg pale, dorsal apex of profemur and apical ⅓ of protibia sometimes light brown, protarsus light brown to brown; baso-ventral ⅓ of profemur with white pile. Mesoleg pale, apical ¼ of mesotibia sometimes light brown, mesotarsi light brown to brown; white pilose on mesocoxa, mesotrochanter and posterior row basal ½. Metaleg dark brown, basal ½ of metafemur and basal ⅓ of metatibia pale, 2nd to 4th metatarsomeres sometimes dark red; metacoxa mainly white pilose.
Abdomen: Black; 3.4 times as long as thorax. First tergite white pilose. Second tergite long, length 3.4 times minimum width, and with central rectangular region of dull black pollen extending latero-subapically; 2nd tergite with long, erect and white pile basally and laterally except for apex, otherwise pile short, appressed and black. Third tergite trapezoidal and long, length 2.6 times minimum width, with pair of sub-basal lateral pale oval maculae; 3rd tergite with large central triangular region of dull black pollen, and with appressed and black pile, except pile longer, erect and white on baso-lateral ½; 3rd sternite rectangular and long. Fourth tergite sub-quadrate, 1.25 times as long as wide, with pair of baso-lateral large pale oval maculae, and with dull pollinose region with indentation on posterior margin; remaining characteristics as on 3rd tergite. Fifth tergite rectangular and wide, entirely dark brown, with dull black pollen restricted to three central vittae or just a central one, and all pile appressed and black. Genitalia: Cercus with 2 regular rows of pile on medial margin and 3 regular rows on lateral margin. Surstylus sub-oval, directed ventrally, with setulae ventrally on apex (around 10), a pair medially and another pair basally, pilose on basal 2/5 of the dorsal surface. Subepandrial sclerite sub-quadrate, apex trapezoidal, homogeneously sclerotized. Hypandrium with ventral notch on anterior ⅔, notch posterior margin triangular. Distiphallus apex slightly curved anteriorly. Postgonite with ventral surface mostly convex, except concave subapically, dorsal surface concave; postgonite apex convex anteriorly, with convex ventral extremity and acute dorsal extremity.
Female: Like male except: Frons pale laterally on ventral ¼, with sparse white pollen differently oriented medially. Ocellar triangle ~1.5 times its length from posterior eye margin and ~0.5 ocelli-width from lateral eye margin. Occiput middle ⅓ with 2–4 rows of pile. Scutum median vittae more distinct, with white pollen laterally. Wing might also be dark on basal ½ of cell bm. Second abdominal tergite shorter, 2.6 times as long as wide; with small triangular region of dull black pollen; pile shorter. Third tergite shorter, length 1.5 times minimum width, lateral pale maculae larger and trapezoidal, with dull pollen restricted to large median fascia, indented on its posterior margin and with lanceolate extension on anterior margin. Fourth tergite rectangular and wide, with basolateral trapezoidal pale maculae, with dull pollinose region divided medially, and with baso-lateral appressed white pile. Fifth tergite dull pollen restricted to a central vitta; remaining characteristics as on female 4th. Sixth segment conical normal, as long as the 5th. Genitalia: 7th tergite normal, with triangular apex, basal extensions as long as 6th segment; 7th segment lateral sclerite rectangular triangular, narrowing slightly apically, with narrow baso-ventral extensions. Eighth tergite central region unsclerotized, basal crest weak ventrally; 8th sternite unsclerotized medially. Tenth tergite reduced to a pair of strips fused to dorsal surface of cerci. Cercus with one row of pile on apical margin.
Length. 7–11mm; wing 5.5–8mm.
Distribution. Canada (Ontario), Cuba, USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia).
Material examined. CANADA. Ontario, Elgin Co., Fingal Wildlife Management Area, 42.679484 - 81.326601, 10 Jul 1999, I. Carmichael (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 20211); ..., Essex Co., Etobicoke Garden, 7 Sep 1997, B. Larson (1 ♂, DEBU 01053210, 1 ♀, DEBU 01053214); …, Hald.– Norfolk Reg., Manester tract, 6 km NNW, St. Williams, sandy field, 3 Aug 2001, M. Buck (2 ♀, DEBU 00166015 & 00166016); …, Leamington, Pt. Pelee N. P., 17 Jul 1985, K. N. Barber (1 ♂, DEBU 00019828); …, Lambton Co., Pinery PP, Beach #7, Col. # 764, 15 Jul 1994, N. Carmichael (1 ♂, DEBU 01046688); ..., Pelee l., Porchuk property, Malaise, 22–25 Jul 2002, B. Porchuk (1 ♀, DEBU 00198142); ..., Point Pelee, 41.95617 -82.3333, 17 Mar 1925, G.S. Walley (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82964); ..., Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30 Jul 2002, M. Buck (1 ♂, DEBU 01116089). USA. Alabama, Baldwin Co., Bayton Park (site 12), 31.15 -88.533, Malaise trap, 15 Dec 2004, W.E. Benton (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82963); Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, 29.65 -82.3166, Malaise trap, 15–22 Apr 1987, Wahl & Mason (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82959); ..., Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station, 14 Apr 1963, J. G. & B. L. Rozen (2 ♂, AMNH); ..., lake Placid, 27.189663 -82.338131, 0 2 Jan 1986, R.W. Dawson (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82994); …, Liberty Co., Torreya State Park, 30.570563 -84.947288, 15 Apr 1952, G.S. Walley (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82993); …, Marion Co., Silver Springs Woods, Ocala Nt. Fgr., 15–22 Apr 1984, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, DEBU 01053676–7, 1 ♀, DEBU 01053211); Georgia, Clay Co., Brasstown Bald, 34.872314 -83.8099, 1463m, 19 Aug 1957, J.G. Chilcott (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82952); ..., Liberty Co., St. Catherines Island, 18–21 Sep 1972, F. C. & B. J. Thompson (1 ♀, AMNH), 15–20 Oct 1990, E. Quinter & J. Stark & 10–15 May 1991, E. Quinter & A. Sharkov (2 ♂ & 2 ♀, USNM); …, Rabun Co., Pine Mountain, 33.675951—84.11491, 427m, 27 Jun 1957, J.R. Vockeroth (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82951); …, Satolah, 34.9833 -83.1833, 610m, 0 1 Jul 1957, J.R. Vockeroth (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82987) & 720m, 0 7 Jul 1957, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82950); …, Telfair Co., McCrae Little Ocmulgee St. Pk., 24 Apr 1984, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU 01053212); Mississippi, Agr. Col. Miss., 30.8 -89.6833, 0 9 May 1922 (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82992) & 23 Jul 1922 (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82988); …, Lafayette Co., Oxford, 34.3666 -89.6833, 0 9 May 1922, F.M. Hull (9 ♀, CNC Diptera 82953–5, 82957, 82960, 82989–91, 82995); New York, Nassau Co., Inwood, 40.618909 -73.749526, 26 Aug 1947, F.M. Schott (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82941); North Carolina, Franklin Co., 35.182317 -83.381543, 610m, 17 Jun 1957, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82968) & 914m, 20 Jun 1957 (4 ♀, CNC Diptera 82943, 82944, 82967, 82969); …, 10mi W of Franklin, 35.1666 -83.366666, W. R. Mason (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 499); ..., Graham Co., Highlands, 35.05 -83.1833, 1158m, 22 & 27 Jun 1957, J.R. Vockeroth (2 ♀, CNC Diptera 82971 & 82946), 1067m, 29 Jun 1957, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♂, CNC Diptera 48593, 1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82970) & 1158m, 15 Jul 1964, J.W. Boyes (1 ♂, CNC Diptera 518, 4 ♀, CNC Diptera 82972–5); …, Blue Valley Lookout, 35.052591 -83.198859, 1067m, 27 Jun 1957, J.R. Vockeroth (5 ♀, CNC Diptera 82947, 82976–9); ..., Horse Cove, 35.044535 -83.161816, 914m, 27 Jun 1957, J.R. Vockeroth (3 ♀, CNC Diptera 82945, 82980, 82981); …, Jackson Co., Gt. Smokey Mtn. Natl. Pk., 23 Aug 1964, B. S. Heming (1 ♂, AMNH); Ohio, Lawrence Co., Dean St. Forest, 13 Jul 1989, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, DEBU 01053215); South Carolina, Aiken Co., 33.56042 -81.71955, 13 May & 23 Jun 1957, W.R.M. Mason (2 ♀, CNC Diptera 82958 & 82982); …, Beaufort Co., Hilton Head Island, 32.194098 -80.72711, 12 Jul 1965, H.F. Howden (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82986); …, Greenwood Co., Kirksey, 34.0166 -82.0333, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 516) …, Pickens Co., Clemson College, 34.677049 -82.8387543, 1920, M.R. Smith (5 ♀, CNC Diptera 82948–9, 82983, 82984–5); Tennessee, Sevier Co., Indian Gap, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 35.6166 -83.4333, 1585m, 28 May & 18 Jun 1957, W.R.M. Mason (2 ♀, CNC Diptera 82965–6); Virginia, Augusta Co., Reddish Knob lookout, 14.5 km W Briery Branch, 28.462306 -79.241667, 21 Jul 2009, M.M. Locke (2 ♀, CNC Diptera 82961–2); …, Fairfax Co., Falls Church, 38.8666 -77.1666, 27 Aug 1947, N. Banks (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 82942); ..., Floyd Co., Buffalo Mountain, 2.5 km W of Moles Road, 36.796056 -80.476167, 1211m, 24 Jul 2009, J. Skevington (2 ♂, CNC Diptera 18639 & 18911).
Comments. This species’ larva is known to feed on Toumeylla liriodendri (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Coccidae) and Neolecanium cornuparvum (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Coccidae) (Rojo et al. 2003; Vanek & Potter 2010). The record for Aphis cracivora (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha, Aphididae) in Bugg & Dutcher (1989) probably is not valid, since the authors only collected the adult, never seeing any larva prey on the aphid.
P. costata is the only Pelecinobaccha species occurring north of Mexico, and it is restricted to eastern North America.
description: Published as part of Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves, Marshall, Stephen A. & Skevington, Jeffrey H., 2014, Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae), pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 3819 (1) on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3819.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251284