cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Examining spatial personalities of commercial laying hens and behavioural responses to keel bone fractures and management practices
Creators: name: Montalcini, Camille Marie
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 630 Agriculture

description: This thesis aimed to explore space-use and movement behaviours of cage-free commercial laying hens to quantify consistent individual differences and to explain behavioural variation in response to keel bone fractures and various management practices. We monitored the movements of 403 hens distributed across two flocks, as they transitioned between five zones: the three stacked tiers of an aviary system, the littered floor, and the winter garden, using a herein validated low-frequency tracking system. We tracked hens from the day of transfer to the laying barn until nearly the end of the production cycle (17-60 weeks of age) and extracted daily behaviours related to various aspects of their daily routine, including the sleeping, feeding, nesting, indoor movements, and outdoor usage. We found consistent individual differences during the onset of lay (the first two months in the laying barn) and during adulthood where consistent differences between individuals explained between 24% and 66% of the behavioural variation. These long-term consistencies - together with the identified syndrome comprising all behaviours except the one related to the nesting - revealed the potential applicability of these behaviours as personality traits and indicated two axes of spatial personalities that may be driven by different mechanisms. Alongside consistent inter-individual differences we exposed intra-individual variation underscoring the relevance of studying spatial behaviour to better understand how animals respond to external and internal changes. Specifically, we found that an increase in the severity of keel bone fractures led to a drop in vertical travelled distance and tended to be followed by more tiers crossed within a transition. In addition, we exemplified how tracking systems could be used to assess long- and short-term influences of different management practices on hens' behaviour, including the commercial hatchery process, the transfer to the laying barn, and the daily automated delivery of fresh feed. To assess relative benefits further research should evaluate how these behaviours correlated with animals’ physiological stress responses and affective state.
CCWI2017: F101 'END-USE ESTIMATES OF WATER DEMAND WITHIN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL CATEGORIES IN THE CITY OF JOHANNESBURG'
Creators: name: H Jacobs
name: AA Ilemobade
name: BE Botha
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Increasing drought in many South African communities is driving the need to accurately estimate the end-uses of water within different categories of water users and as a consequence, to realistically determine by how much water use can be reduced. In some water catchments, the accurate estimation of different end-uses is urgently needed given the recent limitations put in place to curtail water. This study, which is part of a larger study commissioned by Johannesburg Water, provides theoretical estimates, using REUM, for end-uses of water for several middle-income homes in a study area served by Johannesburg Water. For indoor end-use, 1, 2, 3 and 4 people per household were modelled and for outdoor end-use, specifically garden irrigation, two cases were modelled i.e. plot sizes of 500m2 (15% irrigated area) and 1500m2 (35% irrigated area). For indoor end-use, parameters that are noted to be quite variable include: shower event volume (shower flow rate and duration); shower- and bath frequency; washing machine event frequency and toilet flush frequency. The results validate earlier reports i.e. that the largest 4 end-uses (i.e. toilet, bath-shower and washing machine) contribute 81.5% to total indoor water use, with the shower being the most notable indoor end-use. Outdoor water use for the 1500m2 plot (35% irrigated area) is notably higher in summer (i.e. December to February), when rainfall is prevalent, than indoor use. This large water requirement is explained by the difference between the evaporation rate and rainfall in the summer months. On the other hand, for the 500m2 plot (15% irrigated area), the garden irrigation requirement is notably less than indoor end-use, irrespective of household size. At this stage of the project, it is apparent that Water Demand Management measures should target the identified notable indoor end-uses (i.e. toilet, shower, bath and washing machine) for relatively smaller properties. For larger properties however, the focus should be on reducing garden irrigation.
CCWi2017: F76 'Leak Detection in a DMA, a Real Application of Flow Modelling'
Creators: name: Jiménez, Víctor
name: Grau, Sergi
name: Perez, Ramon
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This paper presents a versatile methodology to calculate parameters that characterise the demand of a DMA. This parameters are used for the leak modelling so that a predictive model is built and trained with historical data and used to detect on-line new leaks so that the repair time can be reduced applying proper leak localisation techniques. This methodology has been programmed using R where the modelling packages available provide assortment of predictive models easily to implement. It has been integrated in a Data analysis tool in order to utilise the great amount of information coming continuously from the WDN. Once the methodology and the tool are described the results applied to a real DMA are presented. This work has been carried out by the fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic (CTM) collaborating with Research Center for Supervision, Safety and Automatic Control (CS2AC) within a research project of Aigües de Manresa.
CCWi2017: F42 'Identifying relationships between weather variables and domestic water consumption using smart metering'
Creators: name: Xenochristou, Maria
name: Kapelan, Zoran
name: Hutton, Chris
name: Hofman, Jan
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Satisfying the water supply-demand balance is a major problem of modern societies due to water scarcity, which is expected to be amplified by changes in the climate. In order to fulfil future demands, accurate predictions of water consumption are essential. This paper investigates the relationship between water consumption and air temperature, using a combination of smart demand metering data, household characteristics, and socio-economic data. Results indicate that the correlation between water consumption and temperature increases during working days, evenings, as well as during the summer and spring. In addition, a positive correlation was identified for households that are metered, have bigger gardens, and medium occupancy, as well as residents with higher socio-economic status and high seasonal variations in water consumption.
The role of insulin receptor substrate signalling in metabolism
Creators: name: Tyler-Rubinstein, Nadia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Background/Aims: In order to mediate a diverse range of growth and metabolic functions, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins recruit a complex network of intracellular signalling molecules including PI3-kinase and the Grb2 adaptor protein. These studies proposed to answer the question to what extent are the different phenotypes observed in Irs1 and Irs2 knockout mice due to the loss of the whole protein or due to the loss of specific signalling interactions between IRS proteins and either p85 (the regulatory subunit of PI3K) or Grb2? Determining which interactions mediate which biological responses is of interest to our understanding of insulin resistance and its associated pathologies. Methods: The strategy utilised for these studies was to mutagenise the IRS proteins in vivo with specific signalling defects with the aim of disrupting IRS1 or IRS2 signalling via two major insulin mediated pathways, the PI3K-Akt axis and the Grb2-Ras-Raf-MAPK cascade. The phenotypes of the mice were assessed in five main areas: growth, glucose homeostasis, energy homeostasis, cognitive behaviour and fertility. Results: The IRS1-PI3K mutants presented with a severe growth-defect and acute insulin resistance, though through compensatory β-cell expansion maintained normal glycaemia. They were also lean with low circulating leptin levels and displayed a severe defect in learning and memory. IRS2-PI3K mutants were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant with a reduction in β-cell area that resulted in hyperglycaemia and onset of diabetes around 3-months of age. Additionally, the mice had increased fat mass and high circulating leptin levels. In contrast, the Grb2 mutants displayed normal metabolic phenotypes. Conclusion: The data presented here revealed a primary role for IRS signalling via PI3K in regulating metabolic functions. Both the IRS-PI3K mutants largely phenocopy the corresponding Irs knockout mice. In contrast, the Grb2 mutants appeared metabolically normal, suggesting a relatively minor role for IRS-Grb2 interactions in metabolic and growth control.
ONUSIDA : Michel Sidibé
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (1 page). Dans le corps du message : carte scannée de Bruno Spire. Autres destinataires : Patrice Debré, Michel Kazatchkine
Realising the promise of combination prevention in the face of constraints
Creators: name: Anderson, Sarah-Jane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This year saw the announcement of the ambitious aim of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030 from UNAIDS. To meet this ambitious goal, a renewed commitment to the prevention of new HIV infections will be essential to stop further expansion of the epidemic. The growing array of prevention tools available must be utilised efficiently, and the core principles of a targeted and strategic combination prevention response revisited in order to ensure the greatest impact possible is generated. This thesis uses mathematical modelling to answer some of the key questions in HIV prevention programming with a view to increasing the efficiency of the response. The role of different prevention modalities in an optimised combination prevention programme is examined to understand how they can be best applied. Increasing data on the epidemic suggest that it is highly diverse across populations and settings, both in its magnitude and drivers, and also in the intensity of the response, and this provides a blueprint for designing a more strategic and tailored prevention strategy. Epidemiological and programmatic information is used to develop a geographically focused approach to prevention programming, which can generate considerably greater impact through being responsive to local epidemiology and directing funds to populations and locations where they can have greatest impact. How best to set local targets for prevention and monitor the response in light of the local characteristics of the epidemic is also investigated. We also examine how the pattern of funding available to policymakers shapes prevention programmes, and we find greater ‘front-loading’ of investment is needed to maximise impact. In this way, key strategies for improving the impact of investments are identified which can be used to inform the future of HIV prevention.
Nephroscreen. A robust and versatile renal tubule-on-a-chip platform for nephrotoxicity assessment
Creators: name: Suter-Dick, Laura
name: Vriend, Jelle
name: Vormann, Marianne
name: Lanz, Henriette
name: Joore, Jos
name: Trietsch, Sebastian J.
name: Russel, Frans
name: Jacobsen, Björn
name: Roth, Adrian
name: Lu, Shuyan
name: Polli, Joseph
name: Naidoo, Anita
name: Masereeuw, Rosalinde
name: Wilmer, Martijn
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: Renal proximal tubule
Nephrotoxicity
Drug screening
Drug–transporter interaction
miRNA Kidney-on-a-Chip
Microfluidics

description: Proximal tubule epithelial cells are the main driver of renal transport and secretion of xenobiotics, making them susceptible to drug-induced kidney injury. Cell-based assays are a meaningful alternative to animal testing to detect nephrotoxicity and contribute to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace animal experimentation). Here we report on a high-throughput, three-dimensional microfluidic platform (Nephroscreen) to detect drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicologically relevant parameters were used to assess cell viability, functional epithelial barrier integrity, and interactions with specific transporters (P-glycoprotein: P-gp and multidrug resistance–associated protein 2/4: MRP2/4). Nephroscreen allowed the combination of a variety of read-outs, including imaging, extracellularly released markers, intracellular markers, and functional assays. Nephroscreen is compatible with automated pipetting, proved to be amenable to long-term experiments (at least 11 days), and was easily transferred between laboratories. The compelling data originate from several published reports on the development and implementation of this platform to detect nephrotoxicity and drug–transporter interactions. The reports demonstrate that Nephroscreen could be used to detect the nephrotoxic liabilities of the tested compounds. Future directions should include additional test compounds and thorough validation of its performance.
DDAH1 and nNOS expression in the ventral tegmental area in relation to dopamine neurons
Creators: name: Kalk, Eliza Alexis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule. One-way that NO’s production is regulated is through the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) pathway. One role of NO in the brain is as a negative feedback signal in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons. It has been shown through electrophysiology that in response to depolarisation NO diffuses retrogradely and potentiates GABA release, which in turn inhibits DA neuron activity. It has been hypothesised on the basis of electrophysiology and pharmacology experiments that NO is produced by VTA DA neurons. However although both DDAH1 and nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; which is the source of neuronal NO) are expressed in the VTA, it is not clear in which cell types. I, therefore, used immunohistochemistry to investigate nNOS and DDAH1 expression in the parabrachial pigmented area (PBP) of the VTA. The PBP is where most electrophysiological recordings from DA neurons in the VTA are carried out. I found that nNOS is expressed in the PBP of the VTA in close proximity to, but not colocalized, with DA neuron cell bodies and processes. This may indicate that NO production occurs in another cell type in response to VTA stimulation. Although DDAH1 expression was found in both DA and non-DA cells in the PBP, staining was present, although noticeably weaker, in DDAH1 global knockout mice. Thus no firm conclusion can be drawn on DDAH1 expression in the VTA.
CCWI2017: F58 'Water Advisory Demand Evaluation and Resource Toolkit'
Creators: name: Paluszczyszyn, Daniel
name: Sunday Iliya
name: Goodyer, Eric
name: Kubrycht, Tomasz
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The purpose of this feasibility study is to determine if the application of computational intelligence can be used to analyse the apparently unrelated data sources (social media, grid usage, traffic/transportation and weather) to produce credible predictions for water demand. For this purpose the artificial neural networks were employed to demonstrate on datasets localised to Leicester city in United Kingdom that viable predictions can be obtained with use of data derived from the expanding Internet-of-Things ecosystem. The outcomes from the initial study are promising as the water demand can be predicted with accuracy of 0.346 m 3 in terms of root mean square error.
Die erfolgreiche Etablierung der Fachmittelschule als Zugangsweg zu den Pädagogischen Hochschulen – ein historischer Blick auf einen umkämpften Prozess
Creators: name: Hafner, Sandra
name: Fischer, Andrea
name: Esposito, Raffaella Simona
name: Imdorf, Christian
name: Leemann, Regula Julia
Publisher: name: Verein Schweizerischer Gymnasiallehrerinnen und Gymnasiallehrer
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fachmaturität Pädagogik
subject: Fachmaturität
subject: Fachmittelschule
subject: Sekundarstufe II
subject: Lehrerbildung
subject: Pädagogische Hochschule
subject: 370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Im Beitrag wird der umkämpfte Institutionalisierungsprozess der Fachmittelschule mit Berufsfeld und Fachmaturität Pädagogik als Zugangsweg zur Ausbildung als Primarlehrperson an Pädagogischen Hochschulen skizziert und das Gelingen dieses Prozesses konventionensoziologisch erklärt. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, wie sich dieser heute wichtige Zugang an die Pädagogische Hochschule etablieren konnte, obwohl er während der Aushandlung der betreffenden Anerkennungsreglemente als Zubringer höchst umstritten war. Zusammenfassendes Ergebnis des Beitrags ist, dass aufgrund des föderalistischen Prinzips der Bildungssteuerung in der Lehrer/innenbildung im Rahmen der interkantonalen Koordination immer wieder ein Minimalkonsens hergestellt und Kompromisse eingegangen werden mussten. Diese Kompromisse ermöglichten letztendlich die Etablierung der Fachmittelschule als Zubringerin zur Ausbildung von Primarlehrpersonen an Pädagogischen Hochschulen. Gesamtschweizerisch konnte die Fachmaturität Pädagogik dennoch erst auf bundesgesetzlicher Ebene mit dem neuen Hochschulförderungs- und Koordinationsgesetz (HFKG 2011) als formaler Zulassungsausweis zum Studium der Primarstufe verankert werden, denn erst auf Bundesebene verlor das Argument der traditionell kantonalen Hoheit in der Lehrer/innenbildung an Gewicht. Diese Entwicklung führte dazu, dass inzwischen alle Pädagogischen Hochschulen nun zur Zulassung von Inhaber/innen einer Fachmaturität Pädagogik verpflichtet sind.
A genetic screen to identify novel regulators of Ikaros-mediated cell cycle arrest
Creators: name: Cooper, Lee
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Failure to regulate cellular proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The development of pre-B cells is demarcated by alternating stages of quiescence, in which immunoglobulin receptors are sequentially rearranged, and clonal expansion, in which signals from the assembled pre-B cell receptor lead to proliferation. Ikaros (encoded by Ikzf1 in mice) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in cycling B cell progenitors to enforce proliferative arrest. In humans IKZF1 mutations are prevalent in subsets of haematological malignancies and result in inappropriate proliferation, therefore the regulation of the cell cycle by Ikaros may be fundamental to its tumour suppressor function. The study of Ikaros-mediated cell cycle arrest in pre-B cells is complicated by the role of Ikaros in the regulation of genes involved in pre-B cell differentiation. I used 3T3 fibroblasts as a reductionist model to study the regulation of the cell cycle by Ikaros independently of pre-B cell receptor signalling. Using this model I performed an RNAi screen to discover novel regulators that cooperate with Ikaros to arrest the cell cycle. Amongst a number of candidates I identified the scaffolding protein SSeCKS (Akap12) as necessary for Ikaros-mediated proliferative arrest. Overexpression of Ikaros and SSeCKS synergistically arrested the cell cycle and silenced the expression of the proto-oncogene Myc. Utilising fibroblasts in which Ikaros and SSeCKS could be inducibly expressed I performed RNAseq to profile the global gene expression of cells that had undergone Ikaros and SSeCKS-mediated cell cycle arrest. Ikaros and SSeCKS together regulated the expression of hundreds of genes to coordinate proliferative arrest. The insights gained from these analyses may be applied to pre-B cells to deepen our understanding of the role of Ikaros in the regulation of proliferation in normal development and in the leukaemic state.
Total work and health in later life: a life course study
Creators: name: Akinwale, Omobolaji
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Background and aim: Work is a fundamental activity in all societies. While employment is an essential means of economic growth and improved living standards, it is now widely accepted that appropriate employment also helps to create good health and is among the most important social determinants of health that contribute to health inequalities. Less is known, however about the health effects of other work activity alongside paid employment. The interplay between different forms of work – domestic, informal and paid – taken together is the ‘total work’ that could be remunerated for an individual. Total work varies between individuals, social groups and societies; it also evolves over time for individuals over their life courses. This study aims to enrich understanding of why work is important for health by considering life course experiences of total work positions. Data and methods: Data from two large-scale longitudinal studies are used to chart experiences of different forms of work from mid life to State Pension age, and their relationships with longevity, psychiatric morbidity and general health in later life. The association of labour market position and informal work at different points in adult lives are examined, and gender and socio-economic differences in these relationships considered.Findings and implications: Several normative patterns of labour market position are revealed demonstrating a consistent negative association between life course experiences where individuals would have less control over their total work. People who have relatively stable histories in paid employment have better health in later life and lower mortality risk. These histories are more common among people from more advantaged socio-economic groups and the findings are relevant for policies that aim to reduce health inequalities or increase labour market participation.
The role and regulation of FOXM1 in breast cancer DNA repair and epirubicin resistance
Creators: name: Monteiro, Lara Jorge
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with 1 in 9 of all British and American women developing this disease in their lifetimes. FOXM1 is implicated in genotoxic drug resistance but its role and mechanism of action remain unclear. This work demonstrates that the inhibition of FOXM1 renders MCF-7 epirubicin resistant cells (MCF-7 EpiR) more susceptible to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by epirubicin. Conversely, the ectopic expression of FOXM1 can increase cell viability and abrogate DSBs sustained by MCF-7 cells following epirubicin, owing to an enhancement in repair efficiency. In fact, I found that FOXM1 is required for homologous recombination (HR) DSB repair. I also identified BRIP1 as a direct transcription target of FOXM1 by promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Remarkably, the requirement of FOXM1 for DSB repair can be circumvented by reintroduction of BRIP1. Moreover, like FOXM1, BRIP1 depletion is also able to resensitise MCF-7 EpiR cells to epirubicin treatment, suggesting that FOXM1 regulates BRIP1 expression to modulate epirubicin-induced DNA damage repair and drug resistance. Additionally, I identified BRCA1 as an upstream regulator of FOXM1 expression via FOXA1. By means of overexpression and knockdowns I demonstrated that both BRCA1 and FOXA1 regulate FOXM1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, I showed that although BRCA1 is able to transactivate FOXM1 promoter, this activation is enhanced by the introduction of FOXA1, indicating that BRCA1 and FOXA1 synergistically activate FOXM1. In agreement, clinical data identifies higher FOXA1 methylation in BRCA1 tumours and show an inverse correlation between FOXA1 methylation and FOXA1 expression, suggesting that the BRCA1-mediated suppression of FOXA1 methylation increases FOXA1 expression levels which in turn enable FOXM1 transcriptional activation and therefore protection against DNA damage. Such roles of FOXM1 make it an attractive target for drug intervention and a prognostic marker for predicting and monitoring response to epirubicin.
Gebäudeintegration von gebrauchten Batterien als Second-Life Stromspeichersysteme
Creators: name: Menn, Claudio
name: Geissler, Achim
name: Kim, David Pascal
name: Dorusch, Falk
Publisher: name: Hochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatik FHNW
Year: 2015
Subjects: BES
Second-Life
Net Present Value
Ökobilanzierung

description: In vorliegendem Beitrag wird die Untersuchung der Nachnutzung von gebrauchten Batterien aus der Elektromobilität als Second-Life Stromspeicher (engl.:“Battery Energy Storage“ (BES)) in Gebäuden hinsichtlich technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Kriterien beschrieben. Basierend auf energiepolitischen Szenarien der Schweiz (Energieperspektiven 2050) werden eine Nettokapitalwert (engl.: „Net Present Value“ (NPV))- Analyse und eine Ökobilanzierung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zu einem typischen Einfamilienhaus mit variierenden PV und Second-Life BES Systemgrössen (1-30 kWp und kWh) zeigen keinen positiven NPV25 (Investitionszeitraum 25 Jahre) gegeben Rahmenbedingen aus dem Jahre 2015 und einer betrachteten Anzahl CL (engl.: „Cycle Life“ (CL)) von 800-6400. Für ein Second-Life BES mit mindestens 4800 CL resultiert eine optimale nutzbare Speicherkapazität von 2 kWh (≈ 10.7 Wh/m2 Energiebezugsfläche (AE)). Die optimale Systemgrösse der PV-Anlage beträgt dabei 3 kWp (≈ 16 Wp/m2 AE). Demgegenüber zeigt die Gesamtsystem-Betrachtung (PV inkl. Second-Life BES) eines typischen Mehrfamilienhauses ein NPV25 von durchschnittlich 1300-1500 CHF gegeben einer Anzahl CL von 4800-6400. Die optimalen Systemgrössen betragen hierzu im Durchschnitt der betrachteten Szenarien 14 kWp (≈ 13 Wp/m2 AE) und 5 kWh (≈ 4.7 Wh/m2 AE) Speicherkapazität. Der Vergleich von Second-Life BES zu herkömmlichen Stromspeichern (engl.: „conventional“ (C)) zeigt beim MFH nahezu bei allen untersuchten Systemgrössen einen Kostenvorteil für Second-Life BES. Die Stromgestehungskosten des Second-Life BES betragen 57 Rp./ kWh bei 4800 resp. 49 Rp./ kWh bei 6400 CL (gemittelt zwischen den untersuchten Szenarien). Der Kostenvorteil gegenüber C-BES ist hierzu 110 % resp. 80 %. In einer Sensitivitätsanalyse werden die Basiskosten (Gehäuse, Verkabelung, Wechselrichter und Installation) und der Strompreis als Parameter mit grösstem Effekt auf die Profitabilität von BES identifiziert. Basierend auf energiepolitischen Szenarien der Schweiz kann mit einer Substitution von C-BES durch Second-Life BES im Jahre 2035 0.34 – 0.60 % und im Jahre 2050 1.3 – 2.0 % zum jährlichen Reduktionsziel der CO2-Emissionen beigetragen werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist die Nutzung des verfügbaren Materials aus der Elektromobilität. Zudem liegt dieser Rechnung eine Substitutionsrate der Nennkapazität von C-BES Systemen mit Second-Life BES von 14 % zugrunde. Ein Anschlusspunkt für nachfolgende Forschungsarbeiten liegt in der Gestaltung von Tarifsystemen, die einen höheren Anreiz zur Stromspeicherung geben. Zudem ist in der Betrachtung des Umweltnutzens von Second-Life BES die rasante Entwicklung von alternativen Batterietechnologien stärker zu berücksichtigen.
Genetic and epigenetic analysis of type 2 diabetes among Qatari families
Creators: name: Al Muftah, Wadha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex multifactorial disorder driven by both genetic and environmental factors. The rapid increase of T2D in Qatar -prevalence of 16.3% in 2014 according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) - motivated the introduction of genetic studies among this under-presented population. Major progress to study the genetic basis of T2D came from studying common variants. However, these variants were of mild effect sizes. Studies have been shifted from applying the common variants hypothesis towards the investigation of other genetic variables including rare variants, copy number variants (CNV) and epigenetic mechanisms. This PhD project is focused on identifying genomic risk factors of T2D among the Qatari population. Eight Qatari families were analysed using the advances in genotyping and sequencing technologies. Three analyses were carried out; the aim was to identify known or novel rare variants within candidate T2D genes, identification of potential large CNVs related to T2D and detection of methylation associations with T2D. Three data sets were generated for this PhD project; these were genome-wide genotyping arrays (Illumina HumanOmni2.5M bead chip), whole genome sequencing (WGS) (Illumina hiSeq2500 platform) and genome-wide methylation arrays (Illumina 450K BeadChip capturing more than 485,577 probes). I performed three analytical experiments for the aim of this PhD project. First, linkage analysis and runs of homozygosity in combination with WGS were used to map rare variants. Second, PennCNV prediction algorithm for CNV calling was applied aiming to identify rare T2D-related CNVs. Third, association test using a linear mixed model was used for the identification of methylation associations with T2D. The findings included the identification of three rare variants detected through WGS. One variant identified within known monogenic T2D gene (GCKR) and two variants detected within known T2D genes (IGFBP2 and TGM2). These genes are functionally related to T2D and replication analysis will be required to assess their contribution to T2D among Qataris. A number of large rare CNVs detected from CNV analysis in the second experiment of the project, but potential T2D genes were not found within candidate CNVs. Also, methylation analysis replicated a significant association with T2D at cg19693031 in TXNIP (p=5.28x10¯⁶) among Qataris. The identified candidate genes were proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of T2D by causing insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.
CCWI2017: F105 'TACTICAL LEAKAGE TARGETING, A MODELLING AND CONTROL SYSTEM TO AID EFFICIENT LEAKAGE STRATEGIES'
Creators: name: Rogerson, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Water companies are under increasing pressure to drive down their level of leakage. Furthermore companies are seeking to be more efficient in the way they manage and reduce leakage levels. We present a preliminary investigations into a new approach to leakage targeting at a district metered area (DMA) level. The approach enables modelling of leakage at component level: growth rates of leaks, leak sizes and leak run times. These components allow a bottom-up approach of defining the natural rate of rise (NRR) and allocation of resource within a network to provide an efficient approach for leakage targeting.
An eye-tracking study of statistical reasoning with tree diagrams and 2 x 2 tables
Creators: name: Bruckmaier, Georg
name: Binder, Karin
name: Krauss, Stefan
name: Kufner, Han-Min
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bayesian reasoning
subject: eye tracking
subject: 2 x 2 table
subject: tree diagram
subject: natural frequencies
subject: probabilities
subject: 150 - Psychologie

description: Changing the information format from probabilities into frequencies as well as employing appropriate visualizations such as tree diagrams or 2 × 2 tables are important tools that can facilitate people’s statistical reasoning. Previous studies have shown that despite their widespread use in statistical textbooks, both of those visualization types are only of restricted help when they are provided with probabilities, but that they can foster insight when presented with frequencies instead. In the present study, we attempt to replicate this effect and also examine, by the method of eye tracking, why probabilistic 2 × 2 tables and tree diagrams do not facilitate reasoning with regard to Bayesian inferences (i.e., determining what errors occur and whether they can be explained by scan paths), and why the same visualizations are of great help to an individual when they are combined with frequencies. All ten inferences of N = 24 participants were based solely on tree diagrams or 2 × 2 tables that presented either the famous “mammography context” or an “economics context” (without additional textual wording). We first asked participants for marginal, conjoint, and (non-inverted) conditional probabilities (or frequencies), followed by related Bayesian tasks. While solution rates were higher for natural frequency questions as compared to probability versions, eye-tracking analyses indeed yielded noticeable differences regarding eye movements between correct and incorrect solutions. For instance, heat maps (aggregated scan paths) of distinct results differed remarkably, thereby making correct and faulty strategies visible in the line of theoretical classifications. Moreover, the inherent structure of 2 × 2 tables seems to help participants avoid certain Bayesian mistakes (e.g., “Fisherian” error) while tree diagrams seem to help steer them away from others (e.g., “joint occurrence”). We will discuss resulting educational consequences at the end of the paper.
Swissbau Focus - Das kollaborative digitale Miteinander von Auftraggeber, Architekt/in und Fachingenieur/in
Creators: name: Huber, Manfred
name: Joss, Beat
name: Van Der Geer, Ronnie
name: Pitz, Sebastian
name: Pircher, Jan
name: Borner, Rolf
name: Begert, Stephan
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2018
Subjects: Kollaboration
BIM
VDC
Auftraggeber
Auftragnehmer

description: Wie funktioniert das kollaborative digitale Miteinander von Auftraggeber, Architekt/in und Fachingenieur/in?
The influence of temperature and age-dependent survival on Anopheles gambiae s.s. life-history and population dynamics
Creators: name: Christiansen-Jucht, Céline
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Malaria transmission depends on the life-history parameters, and population dynamics, of its vectors, and particularly on the survival of adult Anopheles mosquitoes, the main vector of malaria in Africa. These dynamics are sensitive to climatic and environmental factors, and temperature is a particularly important driver, though the exact extent of this sensitivity is not well established. Some data currently exist on the influence of constant and fluctuating environmental temperature on Anopheles gambiae s.s. survival but very few exist examining other life-history traits, and none exist on the influence of larval temperature on adult life-history. This thesis conducts a detailed investigation into the effect of temperature on life-history parameters of Anopeheles gambiae s.s., and uses experimental results to inform the structure and parameterisation of a suite of mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics. Increasing environmental temperature during the larval stages is shown to decrease larval survival, and significantly increase adult mortality. Higher environmental temperature during the adult stages also significantly lowers adult survival. The data also highlight that mosquitoes senesce, and that age-dependent survival models fit experimental data best. Environmental temperature during the larval and adult stages is also shown to have an effect on a number of other life-history parameters. The set of novel mathematical models of climate-driven mosquito population dynamics developed here are motivated by the experimental data suggesting that in An. gambiae, mortality is temperature and age dependent, and show that age-dependent models consistently fit the data better than the reference model.
title: Comparison of Alternating Variable Search and Simple Methods of Optimisation for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Creators: name: Greenfield, Stanley
name: Salman, Mahmood S.
name: Thomsen, Maryanne
name: Tyson, Julian
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
subject: inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry
subject: atorniser
subject: source inductively coupled plasmas in atomic fluorescence spectrometry
subject: simplex method
subject: alternating variable search optimisation
subject: Analytical Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Chemistry

description: The performance of several cyclic alternating variable search (AVS) optimisation methods are compared with two simplex methods with respect to the number of changes of variable required to search a model two-factor response space. The roles of the initial step size and of the variable step size are discussed, and the information produced concerning the shape of the factor space is evaluated. An AVS method which starts with a fixed step size and then changes to a variable step size on second and subsequent cycles is compared with a variable step size simplex for the optimisation of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and of the atomiser, source inductively coupled plasmas in atomic fluorescence spectrometry (the ASIA system). The order in which the variables are taken in the AVS method does not affect the value of the optimum eventually found. Both methods perform satisfactorily for the optical emission work, although the AVS method provides information about the shape of the factor space which is easier to interpret than in the simplex method. However, the simplex method was not always able to satisfy the conditions for termination in the case of the atomic fluorescence studies and was much slower to implement than the AVS method as the latter used direct visual feedback from the output of the lock-in amplifier as a measure of the figure of merit (total fluorescence signal).
An evaluation of the quality of surgical training
Creators: name: Singh, Pritam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Quality assessment in healthcare is an essential part of governance culture. Clinical outcomes and research output are routinely assessed with national and global comparisons commonplace in a bid to continually drive up standards. While the subject of surgical training has received greater exposure in recent years, there remains no rigorous assessment of surgical training quality in the same way as clinical and research outcomes. To improve surgical training quality, high quality training must first be defined to permit evaluation of training and facilitate identification of methods to raise standards. Variability of global surgical training programs is first identified by comparing the national surgical curricula of a sample of countries against defined standards for curricula. A questionnaire study further explores the variations between the two nations with the most contrasting surgical curricula. Qualitative methodologies, including semi-structured interviews and a global Delphi consensus study, are subsequently employed to define high quality surgical training. The results have enabled the development of a surgical training quality assessment tool (S-QAT). The S-QAT has been piloted in the North West London training region where variability in surgical training quality has been confirmed. Defining high quality training has facilitated the development and piloting of interventions to improve surgical training quality. The first intervention employs video-based coaching to improve surgical skills. The second intervention is an intensive, immersive week of simulation training to ease the transition from medical student to Foundation Doctor. These interventions demonstrate that improvements in training quality can be made without the need to rely on increasing the quantity or time in training. The foundations for robust evaluation of surgical training quality have been constructed. Evidence-based medicine is the gold standard for patients; evidence-based training of surgeons will ensure standards are maintained for the next generation of patients.
CCWI2017: F2 'An Energy Evaluation of Common Hydraulic Thresholds in Water Mains'
Creators: name: Hashemi, Saeed
name: Filion, Yves R.
name: Speight, Vanessa
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This study uses a regression-based modelling approach using an ensemble of 20,000 water mains compiled for 17 North American networks to understand the relationships between pipe factors (pipe flow rate, unit headloss, proximity to major components, average pressure, and diameter) and energy efficiency/energy loss performance metrics. The regression analysis aims to predict efficiency values in pipes based upon common-practice values of average pressure and unit headloss to better understand the energy performance associated with those thresholds. The results of regression analysis show that commonly considered pressure ranges (30-50 m) correspond to good values of the energy needed by user (ENU) metric, with pressure deficient pipes by definition having lower, non-ideal ENU values. For unit headoss, common thresholds that would trigger pipe replacement (3 m/km in transmission mains, 10 m/km in distribution mains) correspond to net energy efficiency (NEE) of 74.9 and 74.6 percent, respectively, for the ensemble of water mains analyzed. These pipes represent the poorest performers and while there are not many such pipes within the ensemble, as NEE of 74.6 corresponds to the 7 th percentile, there is a need for tools and analyses like these to help water utilities identify the pipes with the greatest energy impact from across their water distribution systems.
Additional file 1 of A sonosensitiser‐based polymeric nanoplatform for chemo‐sonodynamic combination therapy of lung cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanan
name: Khan, Abdur Rauf
name: Yang, Xiaoye
name: Shi, Yikang
name: Zhao, Xiaogang
name: Zhai, Guangxi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The synthesis steps of CS-ADH-Rh-LA conjugates. Figure S2 The characterization of CS-ADH-Rh-LA. The 1H NMR (A) and 13 C NMR (B) spectra of CS, CS-ADH-Rh and CS-ADH-Rh-LA copolymers. (C) The FT-IR spectra of CS, CS-ADH-Rh and CS-ADH-Rh-LA copolymers. Figure S3 The DLS result of C-NPs after incubating in 20 µM DTT solution for 24 h. Figure S4 Size changes of C-NPs and NC-NPs in 10% FBS solution within 6 days. Figure S5 Transcellular transport assay of C6/C-NPs in A549 cells. Scar bar, 100 µm. Figure S6 The cell viability of A549 cells after incubating with different concentrations of DTX. Figure S7 Cytotoxicity result of CS-ADH-LA with different concentrations. Figure S8 The CLSM images of ROS production in A549 cells after incubating with different solutions with/without SDT treatment. Scar bar, 100 µm. Figure S9 The H&E staining results of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney after incubating with NS, C-NPs with SDT, Taxotere®, DTX with Rh, DTX/C-NPs and DTX/C-NPs with SDT. Scar bar, 100 µm. Figure S10 TUNEL images of Left tumor tissues from bilateral tumor bearing mice treated with NS, C-NPs + SDT, Taxotere®, DTX + Rh, DTX/C-NPs and DTX/C-NPs + SDT. Scar bar, 100 µm.
Systems-level analysis of episodic memory performance and neuropsychiatric disease
Creators: name: Shkura, Kirill
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Episodic memory refers to the ability to store and recall place and time related information. The hippocampus is essential to the encoding of new memories via long-term remodelling of neuronal synapses. However, the understanding of the genetic mechanisms of memory formation and how these genes relate to neuropsychiatric disease is incomplete. In this study, I integrate the information from genome-wide expression patterns from the human hippocampus with multiple genome-wide studies to identify hippocampal gene regulatory networks associated with memory and neuropsychiatric disease. I construct gene co-expression networks from human hippocampi, surgically resected from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and show that some of these networks are conserved in healthy human brain. By integrating hippocampal gene expression with pre-operative memory performance scores I identify networks whose expression is significantly correlated with memory performance. I then show that the same networks are enriched for common genetic variants (SNP – single nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with verbal recall using data from two independent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of memory. In addition, I integrate hippocampal gene co-expression networks with common variants (SNP) and rare de-novo mutations (DNM) relating to neuropsychiatric disease. These analyses identify two candidate networks of genes co-expressed in the adult human hippocampus (M1 and M3) that may underlie variation in healthy human memory and reveal a convergent gene network for neuropsychiatric disease and memory. This information can be used as a starting point for in vitro and in vivo investigations to identify the genes regulating human memory performance in health and disease.
CCWI2017: F145 'A Multivariate Geospatial Data-driven Approach to Descriptive Modelling of Burst Behaviour in a Small Island Context'
Creators: name: T. Mackey
name: Mounce, Stephen
name: Boxall, Joseph
name: A. Cashman
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The efficient management of water resources in the Caribbean is challenging for several reasons: weak institutional and regulatory frameworks, limited financial and technical resources, ageing pipe assets, average unaccounted-for water along with leakage rates that are approximately 50%, and limited data resources. This paper presented a methodology that used geographic information systems (GIS) to geo-spatially model 8 factors that contribute to pipe bursts (i.e. material, diameter, length, installation era, pressure, connection density, soil type, and rainfall) and incorporated these factors as input variables for data-mining using Self Organising Maps (SOM). SOMs is a data- driven technique used to explore complex multi-dimensional data even though data may be sparse or limited. The combination of GIS and SOMs allowed for the efficient use of available data and promoted knowledge discovery. Key findings revealed that pipe bursts in Barbados are mainly driven by pressure, clay soils, high rainfall, pipe age, and small pipe diameters. Although there were data limitations, results showed that this methodology can allow utilities, especially in small island states, to narrow their focus on susceptible areas of the pipeline, reduce futile efforts, maximise resources, and implement a technical tool that may be used before making any major investment decision.
Auch im Ernstfall smart sein
Creators: name: Schulte, Volker
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Notfallkonzept
subject: öffentlicher Raum
subject: Lebensrettung
subject: 610 - Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Sinn und Nutzen von Defibrillatoren im öffentlichen Raum und beschreibt die Bedingungen und Trends