Festivia peruvia Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Festivia
Festivia peruvia

description: Festivia peruvia Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 15FFE992-AC82-4640-864B-5C549EB970CD  
(Fig. 3 part, 93–94, 315–317)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Genomic analysis reveals that a female from Tingo Maria, Peru, identified as Festivia grippa (Evans, 1953) (type locality in eastern Ecuador), is genetically differentiated from it (Fig. 4), e.g., COI barcode difference of 2.3% (15 bp) and because no published names apply to it, represents a new species. This new species keys to “ Sostrata grippa ” (E.42.5) in Evans (1953) and differs from its relatives by a combination of the following characters: forewing discal cell with one large upper hyaline spot (lower spot absent), the two segments of the hyaline spot in forewing cell CuA 1 -CuA 2 are connected to each other at their bases on both dorsal and ventral sides, ventral forewing blue basal overscaling broader, extends from costa to cover discal cell, cell CuA 2 -1A+2A with a pale spot at 1/3 from its base, ventral hindwing with an apical blue spot and the dark brown streak in cell Sc+R 1 -RS is smaller and separated from vein Sc+R 1 by blue (Fig. 93–94). Due to the cryptic nature of this species and unexplored phenotypic variation, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 2700.10.9:G42A, aly300.20.2:G126A, aly116.12.4:G66T, aly 2578.2.1:A22C, aly536.138.7:A319C, aly 1260.2.1:T124T (not C), aly10226.27.3:A51A (not T), aly4523.3.2:C153C (not T), aly235.8.17:T150T (not C), aly10235.5.16:C81C (not T), and COI barcode: T139C, T287C, T319A, 514T, A526T, T619C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18032A01, GenBank OR837665, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGAACCTCACTAAGAATATTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAAACCCCGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAACACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCCTTTATTATAATTTTTTTCATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTCCCACTTATACTAGGAGCCCCTGATATAGCATTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGACTTTTACCCCCCTCTTTAATACTGCTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGTACTGGATGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTCTTTCTGCTAATATTGCTCACCAGGGCTCTTCTGTAGATTTA GCTATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCTGGAATTTCATCAATTCTTGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTATCTT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTAGGAATTACTGCATTATTATTATTACTTTCACTACCAGTATTGGCTGGTGCTATTACTATACTATT AACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCCTTTTTTGATCCCGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♀ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 93–94, bears the following four rectangular printed labels, three white: [PERU: Huanuco | Tingo Maria, 800 m. | May – June, 1994], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18032A01 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01466114], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♀ | Festivia | peruvia Grishin].   
 Type locality. Peru: Huánuco, Tingo Maria, elevation 800 m.   
 Etymology. The name derives from the country of the type locality and is a feminine adjective.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in Peru.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362