cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(100246) Norman Frederick Hankey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Magnetocaloric properties of $R_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ ($R$ = Tb,Gd,Nd,Dy)
Creators: name: Kleinhans, M.
name: Eibensteiner, K.
name: Leiner, J. C.
name: Resch, C.
name: Worch, L.
name: Wilde, M. A.
name: Spallek, J.
name: Regnat, A.
name: Pfleiderer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the characteristic magnetic properties of several members of the rare-earth garnet family, Gd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (GGG), Dy$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (DGG), Tb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (TGG), and Nd$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (NGG), and compare their relative potential utility for magnetocaloric cooling, including their minimal adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) temperatures and relative cooling parameters. A main objective of this work concerns the identification of potential improvements over the magnetocaloric properties of GGG for use in low temperature ADR cryostats. Using Tb$^{+3}$ and Dy$^{+3}$ in the rare-earth site offers, in principle, a higher saturation magnetization and Nd$^{+3}$ gives a lower de Gennes factor and therefore potentially reduced magnetic transition temperatures, limiting the useful temperature range. Our results show that Dy$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ yields an optimal relative cooling parameter ($RCP$) at low applied fields and low limiting temperatures, which would allow for the design of more efficient ADR cryostats.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, published in Physical Review Applied
Extremes and upcrossing intensities for P-differentiable stationary processes
Creators: name: Albin, J.M.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Given a stationary differentiable in probability process we express the asymptotic behaviour of the tail P{supt[set membership, variant][0,1] [xi](t)>u} for large u through a certain functional of the conditional law ([xi]'(1)[xi](1)>u). Under technical conditions this functional becomes the upcrossing intensity [mu](u) of the level u by [xi](t). However, by not making explicit use of [mu](u) we avoid the often hard-to-verify technical conditions required in the calculus of crossings and to relate upcrossings to extremes. We provide a useful criterion for verifying a standard condition of tightness-type used in the literature on extremes. This criterion is of independent value. Although we do not use crossings theory, our approach has some impact on this subject. Thus we complement existing results due to, e.g. Leadbetter (Ann. Math. Statist. 37 (1983) 260-267) and Marcus (Ann. Probab. 5 (1977) 52-71) by providing a new and useful set of technical conditions which ensure the validity of Rice's formula . As examples of application we study extremes of -valued Gaussian processes with strongly dependent component processes, and of totally skewed moving averages of [alpha]-stable motions. Further we prove Belayev's multi-dimensional version of Rice's formula for outcrossings through smooth surfaces of -valued [alpha]-stable processes.
title: Investigating application of mRNA elongation control models to the design of specific target region sequence variants and the impact on protein synthesis.
Creators: name: Darton, Louis
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2024

description: During disease, or under cell stress, post-transcriptional programmes are initiated to orchestrate an appropriate cellular response through the regulation and control of protein synthesis. One such avenue for regulation is during translation. Traditionally, much of translational control was thought to occur during
the initiation stage, but recent studies suggest the elongation stage is also a central regulatory node. It has been shown that message specific, elongation control is central to disease response mechanisms in both tumorigenesis and neurogenerative disorders. However, it is unclear to what extent factors such as codon usage and the relative abundance of their cognate tRNA impact this regulation. Transcripts can experience ribosomal pausing (stalling) during elongation which may be attributed to heightened dependence on eEF2 translocation, but is also due to tRNA abundance. The university of Kent has developed a computational elongation programme which can model these interactions along a transcripts sequence and can identify regions decoding at a slow rate resulting in ribosomal stalling and potentially a mark of elongation control. Here, we selectively modified these areas for 3 mRNA transcripts by substituting canonical codons with synonymous codons with different decoding rates in order to generate multiple transcripts with differing decoding times. We found that optimising these areas, by using synonymous codons that correspond to abundant cognate tRNA, had a major impact on unoptimised transcripts at the 5' region immediately following the start codon and can be used to tune protein production. Conversely, diosoptimising these regions lead to decreases in protein production compared to native sequences, and in some cases completely prevented translation. slow regions identified further downstream of the start codon were also shown to impact protein production when modified but less reliably. Other codon alterations that weren't fully optimal nor disoptimal lead to a variety of impacts on protein production showcasing the complicated nature of elongation control. Differences were also observed for secreted proteins which may be affected by alteration made at the 5' end of their mRNA transcript more so than non-secretory proteins. Mildly hypothermic conditions also heightened differences in protein production for many sequences compare to protein production of their native sequences. These results assist in confirming the elongation model's accuracy in predicting slow regions involved in elongational control and modifications achieved in this manner could be broadly applied to biotherapeutic production as well as incorporated into medical treatments such as gene therapy or mRNA vaccines.
Spin-Orbit-Induced Orbital Excitations in Sr2RuO4 and Ca2RuO4: A Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Study
Creators: name: Fatuzzo, C. G.
name: Dantz, M.
name: Fatale, S.
name: Olalde-Velasco, P.
name: Shaik, N. E.
name: Piazza, B. Dalla
name: Toth, S.
name: Pelliciari, J.
name: Fittipaldi, R.
name: Vecchione, A.
name: Kikugawa, N.
name: Brooks, J. S.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Grioni, M.
name: Rüegg, Ch.
name: Schmitt, T.
name: Chang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the oxygen K-edge has been used to study the orbital excitations of Ca2RuO4 and Sr2RuO4. In combination with linear dichroism X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the ruthenium 4d-orbital occupation and excitations were probed through their hybridization with the oxygen p-orbitals. These results are described within a minimal model, taking into account crystal field splitting and a spin-orbit coupling λ_{so}=200~meV. The effects of spin-orbit interaction on the electronic structure and implications for the Mott and superconducting ground states of (Ca,Sr)2RuO4 are discussed.
description: accepted in PRB 2015
Ergodic properties of the nonlinear filter
Creators: name: Budhiraja, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: In a recent work (Bhatt et al., SIAM J. Control Optim. 39 (2000) 928) various Markov and ergodicity properties of the nonlinear filter, for the classical model of nonlinear filtering, were studied. It was shown that under quite general conditions, when the signal is a Feller-Markov process with values in a complete separable metric space E then the pair process (signal, filter) is also a Feller-Markov process with state space , where is the space of probability measures on E. Furthermore, it was shown that if the signal has a unique invariant measure then, under appropriate conditions, uniqueness of the invariant measure for the above pair process holds within a certain restricted class of invariant measures. In many asymptotic problems concerning approximate filters (Budhiraja and Kushner, SIAM J. Control Optim. 37 (1997) 1946; 38 (2000) 1874) it is desirable to have the uniqueness of the invariant measure to hold in the class of all invariant measures. In this paper we first show that for a rich class of filtering problems, when the signal has a unique invariant measure, the property of "asymptotic stability" for the filter holds. Using this property of asymptotic stability we then provide sufficient conditions under which the (signal, filter) pair has a unique invariant measure. We also show that, in a certain sense, the property of asymptotic stability is necessary for the uniqueness of the invariant measure.
Bayesian Adaptive Selection of Basis Functions for Functional Data Representation
Creators: name: Sousa, Pedro Henrique T. O.
name: de Souza, Camila P. E.
name: Dias, Ronaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Considering the context of functional data analysis, we developed and applied a new Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampler to select basis functions for a finite representation of functional data. The proposed methodology uses Bernoulli latent variables to assign zero to some of the basis function coefficients with a positive probability. This procedure allows for an adaptive basis selection since it can determine the number of bases and which should be selected to represent functional data. Moreover, the proposed procedure measures the uncertainty of the selection process and can be applied to multiple curves simultaneously. The methodology developed can deal with observed curves that may differ due to experimental error and random individual differences between subjects, which one can observe in a real dataset application involving daily numbers of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. Simulation studies show the main properties of the proposed method, such as its accuracy in estimating the coefficients and the strength of the procedure to find the true set of basis functions. Despite having been developed in the context of functional data analysis, we also compared the proposed model via simulation with the well-established LASSO and Bayesian LASSO, which are methods developed for non-functional data.
Gallup Poll # 966
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Questions to ask President Jimmy Carter (1); approve/disapprove laws prohibiting sale of alcohol (1); approve/disapprove of dissolution of Electoral College (1); relationship between television violence and increased violence/crime (1); expectation to live in community in future (1); use of alcoholic beverages (1); liquor as cause of trouble in family (1); restrictions on children's television viewing (3).
Topological Superconducting Vortex From Trivial Electronic Bands
Creators: name: Hu, Lun-Hui
name: Zhang, Rui-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting vortices are promising traps to confine non-Abelian Majorana quasi-particles. It has been widely believed that bulk-state topology, of either normal-state or superconducting ground-state wavefunctions, is crucial for enabling Majorana zero modes in solid-state systems. This common belief has shaped two major search directions for Majorana modes, in either intrinsic topological superconductors or trivially superconducting topological materials. Here we show that Majorana-carrying superconducting vortex is not exclusive to bulk-state topology, but can arise from topologically trivial quantum materials as well. We predict that the trivial bands in superconducting HgTe-class materials are responsible for inducing anomalous vortex topological physics that goes beyond any existing theoretical paradigms. A feasible scheme of strain-controlled Majorana engineering and experimental signatures for vortex Majorana modes are also discussed. Our work provides new guidelines for vortex-based Majorana search in general superconductors.
description: 12+11 pages, 4+4 figures, 1 table
(100248) Helen Buckland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dust Extinction Law in Nearby Star-Resolved Galaxies. II. M33 Traced by Supergiants
Creators: name: Wang, Yuxi
name: Gao, Jian
name: Ren, Yi
name: Chen, Bingqiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust extinction curves toward individual sight lines in M33 are derived for the first time with a sample of reddened O-type and B-type supergiants obtained from the LGGS. The observed photometric data are obtained from the LGGS, PS1 Survey, UKIRT, PHATTER Survey, GALEX, Swift/UVOT and XMM-SUSS. We combine the intrinsic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) obtained from the ATLAS9 and Tlusty stellar model atmosphere extinguished by the model extinction curves from the silicate-graphite dust model to construct model SEDs. The extinction traces are distributed along the arms in M33, and the derived extinction curves cover a wide range of shapes ($R_V \approx 2-6$), indicating the complexity of the interstellar environment and the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar dust in M33. The average extinction curve with $R_V \approx 3.39$ and dust size distribution $dn/da \sim a^{-3.45}{\rm exp}(-a/0.25)$ is similar to that of the MW but with a weaker 2175 Ang bump and a slightly steeper rise in the far-UV band. The extinction in the $V$ band of M33 is up to 2 mag, with a median value of $ A_V \approx 0.43$ mag. The multiband extinction values from the UV to IR bands are also predicted for M33, which will provide extinction corrections for future works. The method adopted in this work is also applied to other star-resolved galaxies (NGC 6822 and WLM), but only a few extinction curves can be derived because of the limited observations.
MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls
Creators: name: Mosso, Jessie
name: Simicic, Dunja
name: Cudalbu, Cristina
name: Jelescu, Ileana O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly benefit from noise reduction strategies. In the present work, the Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) denoising is tested on Monte Carlo simulations and on in vivo DW-MRS data acquired at 9.4T in the rat brain. We provide a descriptive study of the effects observed following different MP-PCA denoising strategies (denoising the entire matrix versus using a sliding window), in terms of apparent SNR, rank selection, noise correlation within and across b-values and quantification of metabolite concentrations and fitted diffusion coefficients. MP-PCA denoising yielded an increased apparent SNR, a more accurate B0 drift correction between shots, and similar estimates of metabolite concentrations and diffusivities compared to the raw data. No spectral residuals on individual shots were observed but correlations in the noise level across shells were introduced, an effect which was mitigated using a sliding window, but which should be carefully considered.
description: Cristina Cudalbu and Ileana O. Jelescu have contributed equally to this manuscript
Chiral Broken Symmetry Descendants of the Kagomé Lattice Chiral Spin Liquid
Creators: name: Bose, Anjishnu
name: Haldar, Arijit
name: Sørensen, Erik S.
name: Paramekanti, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breaking of chiral and time-reversal symmetries provides a pathway to exotic quantum phenomena and topological phases. In particular, the breaking of chiral (mirror) symmetry in quantum materials has been shown to have important technological applications. Recent work has extensively explored the resulting emergence of chiral charge orders and chiral spin liquids on the kagomé lattice. Such chiral spin liquids are closely tied to bosonic fractional quantum Hall states and host anyonic quasiparticles; however, their connection to nearby magnetically ordered states has remained a mystery. Here, we show that two distinct non-coplanar magnetic orders with uniform spin chirality, the XYZ umbrella state and the Octahedral spin crystal, emerge as competing orders in close proximity to the kagomé chiral spin liquid. Our results highlight the intimate link between a many-body topologically ordered liquid and broken symmetry states with nontrivial real-space topology.
description: Main text : 9 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary : 12 pages, 11 figures
Long time asymptotics for constrained diffusions in polyhedral domains
Creators: name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
name: Lee, Chihoon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We study long time asymptotic properties of constrained diffusions that arise in the heavy traffic analysis of multiclass queueing networks. We first consider the classical diffusion model with constant coefficients, namely a semimartingale reflecting Brownian motion (SRBM) in a d-dimensional positive orthant. Under a natural stability condition on a related deterministic dynamical system [P. Dupuis, R.J. Williams, Lyapunov functions for semimartingale reflecting brownian motions, Annals of Probability 22 (2) (1994) 680-702] showed that an SRBM is ergodic. We strengthen this result by establishing geometric ergodicity for the process. As consequences of geometric ergodicity we obtain finiteness of the moment generating function of the invariant measure in a neighborhood of zero, uniform time estimates for polynomial moments of all orders, and functional central limit results. Similar long time properties are obtained for a broad family of constrained diffusion models with state dependent coefficients under a natural condition on the drift vector field. Such models arise from heavy traffic analysis of queueing networks with state dependent arrival and service rates.
(100249) Charles Buckland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Thermodynamic speed limits for mechanical work
Creators: name: Aghion, Erez
name: Green, Jason R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic speed limits are a set of classical uncertainty relations that, so far, place global bounds on the stochastic dissipation of energy as heat and the production of entropy. Here, instead of constraints on these thermodynamic costs, we derive integral speed limits that are upper and lower bounds on a thermodynamic benefit -- the minimum time for an amount of mechanical work to be done on or by a system. In the short time limit, we show how this extrinsic timescale relates to an intrinsic timescale for work, recovering the intrinsic timescales in differential speed limits from these integral speed limits and turning the first law of stochastic thermodynamics into a first law of speeds. As physical examples, we consider the work done by a flashing Brownian ratchet and the work done on a particle in a potential well subject to external driving.
description: Main text = 5.5 pages (including references), supplemental information = 1 page
title: A simple way to make tough diamond/metal laminates
Creators: name: Xuan, Yang
name: Fromm, Timo
name: Bruns, Sebastian
name: Borchardt, Rudolf
name: Durst, Karsten
name: Rosiwal, Stefan M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Diamond foils are exceptionally strong yet brittle. One approach to make ceramic foils less susceptible to brittle fracture is to introduce interfaces into the material that provide pathways for crack deflection. In this study, we were able to produce strong yet tough diamond/metal laminates (DMLs) from freestanding diamond foils using a brazing process. The mechanical behavior was characterized via three-point bending (3PB) where the laminates exhibit step-like fracture. Crack deflection at interfaces induces toughening within the laminates. At approx. 3.0 MJ/m3 diamond/metal laminates exhibit more than twice the fracture energy of monolithic diamond foils while maintaining 90 % stiffness and about 70 % nominal strength. Classical laminate theory (CLT) supports the assessment of the deformation behavior and step-like fracture of diamond/metal laminates. We find that the diamond-to-metal interface plays a critical role: it must be strong enough to enable the transfer of shear stress, while being weak enough to deflect a crack.
The average dust attenuation curve at z~1.3 based on HST grism surveys
Creators: name: Battisti, A. J.
name: Bagley, M. B.
name: Baronchelli, I.
name: Dai, Y. -S.
name: Henry, A. L.
name: Malkan, M. A.
name: Alavi, A.
name: Calzetti, D.
name: Colbert, J.
name: McCarthy, P. J.
name: Mehta, V.
name: Rafelski, M.
name: Scarlata, C.
name: Shivaei, I.
name: Wisnioski, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first characterisation of the average dust attenuation curve at $z\sim1.3$ by combining rest-frame ultraviolet through near-IR photometry with Balmer decrement ($\mathrm{H}α$/$\mathrm{H}β$) constraints for $\sim$900 galaxies with $8\lesssim\log (M_\star /M_\odot)<10.2$ at $0.75
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Family involvement in the context of chronic diseases: The role of social support in treatment decision-making for surgical procedures
Creators: name: Link, Elena
name: Reifegerste, Doreen
name: Klimmt, Christoph
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2020

description: If medical decision-making about complex treatment options (such as surgical procedures) is challenging for patients, family members can provide them with advice and health information. Previous research about family involvement in health communication has largely focused on cancer patients. Thus, it lacks an examination of family involvement in surgery decision-making in the context of non-life-threatening chronic diseases like arthrosis. In particular, we focus on the role of social support for family involvement in these situations. Against this background, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with arthrosis patients and their family members (n = 32 patients; n = 8 relatives). To better understand family involvement in surgery decision-making, three research questions were analyzed: (1) What are the perceived characteristics of the arthroplasty decisional process? (2) Which patterns of family involvement exist with regard to social support? (3) What general circumstances are relevant for family involvement? Our results demonstrate that social support plays an important role in the patterns of family decision-making. Instrumental, emotional, and informational support can indirectly enhance family involvement in decision-making. In addition, relatives are also directly involved in decision-making processes and may instigate the decision. The type of family involvement is influenced by characteristics of the decision-making situation. In addition to personal factors and the relationship with the physician, which is perceived as less supportive, the need for familial decisional support intensifies.
description: Journal of Family Research, Vol 32 No 1 (2020)
$BMS_4$ Surface-Charge Algebra via Hamiltonian Framework
Creators: name: Fujisawa, Ippei
name: Nakayama, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface-charge algebra associated with BMS$_4$ symmetry on the null infinity of asymptotically flat spacetime is studied via the Hamiltonian framework. A coordinate system, where boundaries of constant-time hypersurfaces cross the null infinity, is adopted. The equation itself which determines the variation of the surface charges turns out the same as that previously obtained via the covariant framework by Barnich and Troessaert, and is non-integrable for general radiation field $C_{AB}$. However, if $C_{AB}$ is independent of retarded time $u$, the variation equation is integrable and the conserved surface charges generate BMS$_4$ algebra without central extension.
description: 19 pages; ver2: a footnote and a reference added
Nonminimal sets, their projections and integral representations of stable processes
Creators: name: Pipiras, Vladas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: New criteria are provided for determining whether an integral representation of a stable process is minimal. These criteria are based on various nonminimal sets and their projections, and have several advantages over and shed light on already available criteria. In particular, they naturally lead from a nonminimal representation to the one which is minimal. Several known examples are considered to illustrate the main results. The general approach is also adapted to show that the so-called mixed moving averages have a minimal integral representation of the mixed moving average type.
Continuous Mott transition in moiré semiconductors: role of long-wavelength inhomogeneities
Creators: name: Kim, Sunghoon
name: Senthil, T.
name: Chowdhury, Debanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in moiré transition metal dichalcogenide materials have reported the observation of a continuous bandwidth-tuned transition from a metal to a paramagnetic Mott insulator at a fixed filling of one electron per moiré unit cell. The electrical transport measurements reveal a number of puzzling features that are seemingly at odds with the theoretical expectations of an interaction induced, but disorder-free, bandwidth-tuned metal-insulator transition. In this work, we include the effects of long-wavelength inhomogeneities, building on the results for a continuous metal-insulator transition at fixed filling in the clean limit. We examine the effects of meso-scale inhomogeneities near the critical point on transport using the framework of random resistor networks, highlighting the salient differences from a simple percolation-based picture. We place our results in the context of recent and ongoing experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary material: 4 pages, 5 figures
Exit time and invariant measure asymptotics for small noise constrained diffusions
Creators: name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
name: Biswas, Anup
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Constrained diffusions, with diffusion matrix scaled by small ϵ>0, in a convex polyhedral cone G⊂Rk, are considered. Under suitable stability assumptions small noise asymptotic properties of invariant measures and exit times from domains are studied. Let B⊂G be a bounded domain. Under conditions, an “exponential leveling” property that says that, as ϵ→0, the moments of functionals of exit location from B, corresponding to distinct initial conditions, coalesce asymptotically at an exponential rate, is established. It is shown that, with appropriate conditions, difference of moments of a typical exit time functional with a sub-logarithmic growth, for distinct initial conditions in suitable compact subsets of B, is asymptotically bounded. Furthermore, as initial conditions approach 0 at a rate ϵ2 these moments are shown to asymptotically coalesce at an exponential rate.
(100250) Eliza Cannon
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Role of Phase Stabilization and Surface Orientation in 4,4'-Biphenyl-Dicarboxylic Acid Self-Assembly and Transformation on Silver Substrates
Creators: name: Makoveev, Anton O.
name: Procházka, Pavel
name: Blatnik, Matthias
name: Kormoš, Lukáš
name: Skála, Tomáš
name: Čechal, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular functionalization of nanoparticles and metallic substrates can be used to tune their properties for specific applications. However, polycrystalline substrates and nanoparticles exhibit surface planes with distinct crystallographic orientations. Therefore, the development of reliable strategies for molecular functionalization requires knowledge of the role of the surface plane orientation in the growth kinetics, structure, and properties of the molecular layer. Here, we apply a multiscale analysis to investigate the self-assembly of 4,4'-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid (BDA) on Ag(111) and critically discuss the difference to Ag(100). Whereas the structural motifs for intact and fully deprotonated BDA are similar on both surfaces, the intermediate phases comprising partially deprotonated BDA differ in the structure and chemical composition. A real-time view of the phase transformations enables us to present a generalized picture of the phase transformations between the self-assembled molecular phases on the surfaces and underline important features such as the phase stabilization of the chemical composition and the mechanism of the related burst transformation. The influence of the substrate orientation on the structure of molecular layers and phase transformations provides the necessary background for developing functionalization strategies of the substrates displaying multiple surface planes and kinetic models for the growth near thermodynamic equilibrium.
Janus van der Waals equations for real molecules with two-sided phase transitions
Creators: name: Kim, Jihwan
name: Kim, Do-Hyun
name: Park, Jeong-Hyuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain families of generalised van der Waals equations characterised by an even number $n=2,4,6$ and a continuous free parameter which is tunable for a critical compressibility factor. Each equation features two adjacent critical points which have a common critical temperature $T_{c}$ and arbitrarily close two critical densities. The critical phase transitions are naturally two-sided: the critical exponents are $α_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=γ_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=\frac{2}{3}$, $β_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=δ^{-1}=\frac{1}{3}$ for $T>T_{c}$ and $α_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=γ_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=\frac{n}{n+1}$, $β_{\scriptscriptstyle{P}}=δ^{-1}=\frac{1}{n+1}$ for $T
description: 21(Main) + 36(SM) pages including 11 + 36 figures
Determination of the neutrino mass by electron capture in 163 Holmium and the role of the three-hole states in 163 Dysprosium
Creators: name: Faessler, Amand
name: Enss, Christian
name: Gastaldo, Loredana
name: Simkovic, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 163 Holmium to 163 Dysprosium is probably due to the small Q value of about 2.5 keV the best case to determine the neutrino mass by electron capture. The energy of the Q value is distributed between the excitation of Dysprosium (and the neglected small recoil of Holmium) and the relativistic energy of the emitted neutrino including the restmass. The reduction of the upper end of the deexcitation spectrum of Dysprosium below the Q value allows to determine the neutrino mass. The excitation of Dysprosium can be calculated in the sudden approximation of the overlap of the electron wave functions of Holmium minus the captured electron and one-, two-, three- and multiple hole-excitations in Dysprosium. Robertson and the author have calculated the influence of the two-hole states on the Dysprosium deexitation spectrum. Here for the first time the influence of the three-hole states on the deexcitation bolometer spectrum of 163 Dysprosium is presented. The electron wave functions and the overlaps are calculated selfconsitently in a fully relativistic and antisymmetrized Dirac-Hartree-Fock approach in Holmium and in Dysprosium. The electron orbitals in Dysprosium are determined including the one-hole states in the selfconsistent iteration. The influence of the three-hole states on the deexcitation (by X-rays and Auger electrons) spectrum is hardly visible. The three-hole states seem not to be important for the determination of the neutrino mass.
description: 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1501.04338
Entropy, likelihood and phase determination
Creators: name: Carter, Jr., Charles W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: A key step in solving X-ray crystal structures is to provide phases for the experimentally observed X-ray reflection amplitudes so that they can be used as coefficients in a Fourier synthesis to obtain an electron-density map. The various ways of doing this for macromolecules all make use of phases from a known structure, either from heavy-atom positions in isomorphous structures or from a related macromolecule whose structure is known. These methods can fall short of providing unambiguous phase choices, leading to substantial delays in solving structures. Poor initial phases can also lead to mistaken interpretations that are hard to rectify because automatic refinement programs reinforce any 'model bias'.
The continuum limit of the modular discretization of AdS$_2$
Creators: name: Axenides, Minos
name: Floratos, Emmanuel
name: Nicolis, Stam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the holographic picture of 't Hooft and Susskind, the black hole entropy, $S_{\rm BH}$, is carried by the chaotic microscopic degrees of freedom, that live in the near horizon geometry and have a Hilbert space of states of finite dimension, $d=\exp(S_{\rm BH})$. In previous work we have proposed that the near horizon geometry, when the microscopic degrees of freedom can be resolved, can be described by the discrete, finite, random geometry, AdS$_2[\mathbb{Z}_N]$, where $N$ is proportional to $S_{\rm BH}$. What had remained as an open problem was how the smooth AdS2 geometry can be recovered, in the limit when N goes to infinity. In this contribution we present the salient points of the solution to this problem, which involves embedding AdS$_2[\mathbb{Z}_N]$ in a family of finite geometries, AdS$_2^M[\mathbb{Z}_N]$, where $M$ is another integer, within 2+1 Minkowski spacetime. In this construction $N$ and $M$ can be considered IR and UV cutoffs. The continuum limit, corresponding to the smooth AdS$_2$ geometry, is obtained by taking $N$ and $M$ to infinity in a correlated way, using properties of the Fibonacci and $k$-Fibonacci sequences. This method can be directly applied to higher-dimensional AdS spacetimes, also.
description: 14 pages LaTeX, 3 figures. Uses PoS style files and JHEP BibTeX. Contribution to the Proceedings of the 2021 Corfu Workshops, "Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity", summarizing arXiv:1908.06641
Bell inequalities for nonlocality depth
Creators: name: Bernards, Fabian
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When three or more particles are considered, quantum correlations can be stronger than the correlations generated by so-called hybrid local hidden variable models, where some of the particles are considered as a single block inside which communication and signaling is allowed. We provide an exhaustive classification of Bell inequalities to characterize various hybrid scenarios in four- and five-particle systems. In quantum mechanics, these inequalities provide device-independent witnesses for the entanglement depth. In addition, we construct a family of inequalities to detect a non-locality depth of (n-1) in n-particle systems. Moreover, we present two generalizations of the original Svetlichny inequality, which was the first Bell inequality designed for hybrid models. Our results are based on the cone-projection technique, which can be used to completely characterize Bell inequalities under affine constraints; even for many parties, measurements, and outcomes.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, v2: final version
Nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by physisorbed Kr on TiO$_{2}$(110) surfaces in multilayer and monolayer regimes
Creators: name: Ikeda, Akihiko
name: Kawauchi, Taizo
name: Matsumoto, Masuaki
name: Okano, Tatsuo
name: Fukutani, Katsuyuki
name: Zhang, Xiao Wei
name: Yoda, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physisorbed Kr layers on TiO$_{2}$(110) surfaces were investigated by means of nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) of synchrotron radiation at Kr thicknesses ranging from multilayer to monolayer. The NRS intensity was measured as a function of the Kr exposure, from which the NRS signal corresponding to monolayer was estimated as 0.23 cps. The time spectra measured at various thicknesses showed a monotonous decay without any quantum beat features. The recoiless fraction $f$ evaluated from the analysis of the time spectrum revealed a substantial reduction upon temperature rise from 19 to 25 K. As its origin, an order-disorder phase transition of the monolayer Kr is proposed.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Dark matter admixed neutron star properties in the light of X-ray pulse profile observations
Creators: name: Miao, Zhiqiang
name: Zhu, Yaofeng
name: Li, Ang
name: Huang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the dark matter (DM) in DM-admixed-neutron stars (DANSs) is supposed to be either a dense dark core or an extended dark halo, which is subject to the DM fraction of DANS ($f_χ$) and the DM properties, such as the mass ($m_χ$) and the strength of the self-interaction ($y$). In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of the formation criterion for dark core/dark halo and point out that the relative distribution of these two components is essentially determined by the ratio of the central enthalpy of the DM component to that of the baryonic matter component inside DANSs. For the critical case where the radii of DM and baryonic matter are the same, we further derive an analytical formula to describe the dependence of $f^{\rm crit}_χ$ on $m_χ$ and $y$ for given DANS mass. The relative distribution of the two components in DANSs can lead to different observational effects. We here focus on the modification of the pulsar pulse profile due to the extra light-bending effect in the case of a dark-halo existence and conduct the first investigation of the dark-halo effects on the pulse profile. We find that the peak flux deviation is strongly dependent on the ratio of the halo mass to the radius of the DM component. Lastly, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation on the DM particle properties based on the recent X-ray observations of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, ApJ (2022) accepted
(100243) Jessie Linson Ross
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The first ultraviolet quasar stacked spectrum at z=2.4 from WFC3
Creators: name: Lusso, E.
name: Worseck, G.
name: Hennawi, J. F.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Stern, J.
name: O'Meara, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionising continuum from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is fundamental for interpreting their broad emission lines and understanding their impact on the surrounding gas. Furthermore, it provides hints on how matter accretes onto supermassive black holes. Using HST's Wide Field Camera 3 we have constructed the first stacked ultraviolet (rest-frame wavelengths 600-2500Å) spectrum of 53 luminous quasars at z=2.4, with a state-of-the-art correction for the intervening Lyman forest and Lyman continuum absorption. The continuum slope ($f_ν\propto ν^{α_ν}$) of the full sample shows a break at ~912Å with spectral index $α_ν=-0.61\pm0.01$ at $λ>912$Å and a softening at shorter wavelengths ($α_ν=-1.70 \pm 0.61$ at $λ\leq 912$Å). Our analysis proves that a proper intergalactic medium absorption correction is required to establish the intrinsic continuum emission of quasars. We interpret our average ultraviolet spectrum in the context of photoionisation, accretion disk models, and quasar contribution to the ultraviolet background. We find that observed broad line ratios are consistent with those predicted assuming an ionising slope of $α_\mathrm{ion}=$-2.0, similar to the observed ionising spectrum in the same wavelength range. The continuum break and softening are consistent with accretion disk plus X-ray corona models when black hole spin is taken into account. Our spectral energy distribution yields a 30% increase to previous estimates of the specific quasar emissivity, such that quasars may contribute significantly to the total specific Lyman limit emissivity estimated from the Ly$α$ forest at z<3.2.
description: 19 pagine, 13 figure, replaced with version that matches the one published in MNRAS