cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Masses of Galaxies in the Local Universe
Creators: name: Taylor, Edward N
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare estimates of stellar mass, Mstar, and dynamical mass,Mdyn,for a sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We assume dynamical homology (i.e., Mdyn = dispersion**2 * Reff, and we find a tight but strongly non-linear relation: the best fit relation is Mstar = Mdyn**0.73, with an observed scatter of 0.15 dex. We also find that, at fixed Mstar, the ratio Mstar/Mdyn depends strongly on galaxy structure, as parameterized by Sersic index, n. The size of the differential effect is on the order of 0.6 dex across 2 < n < 10. The apparent n-dependence of Mstar/Mdyn is similar to expectations from simple models, indicating that assuming homology gives the wrong dynamical mass. We have also derived dynamical mass estimates that explicitly account for differences in galaxies' profiles. Using this `structure-corrected' dynamical mass estimator, M(dyn,n), the best fit relation is Mstar = M(dyn,n)**(0.92 +- 0.08) with an observed scatter of 0.13 dex. While the data are thus consistent with a linear relation, they do prefer a slightly shallower slope. Further, we see only a small residual trend in Mstar/M(dyn,n) with n. We find no statistically significant systematic trends in Mstar/M(dyn,n) as a function of observed quantities (e.g, apparent magnitude, redshift), or as a function of tracers of stellar populations. The net differential bias in Mstar/M(dyn,n) across a wide range of stellar populations and star formation activities is <= 0.12 dex. The very good agreement between stellar mass and structure-corrected dynamical mass strongly suggests that: 1.) galaxy non-homology has a major impact on dynamical mass estimates, and 2. there are not strong systematic biases in the stellar mass-to-light ratios derived from broadband optical SEDs. Further, these results suggest that that the central dark-to-luminous mass ratio has a relatively weak mass dependence.
description: ApJ, in press. 20 pages, 14 figures, abstract abridged
NLO evolution kernels: Monte Carlo versus MSbar
Creators: name: Kusina, A.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Skrzypek, M.
name: Slawinska, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the differences between the NLO evolution kernels in the Curci-Furmanski-Petronzio (CFP) and Monte Carlo (MC) factorization schemes for the non-singlet case. We show the origin of these differences and present them explicitly. We examine the influence of the choice of the factorization scale in the MC scheme (given by the upper phase space limit) on the evolution kernels in this scheme.
description: Contribution to Cracow Epiphany Conference 2011
Respiratory infection in the hospital setting : modeling transmission patterns and intervention strategies using multitype contact networks
Creators: name: Gauld, Jillian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Respiratory infections in the hospital setting are a burden to patients, healthcare workers and the surrounding community. The patterns of disease spread in hospital settings are difficult to capture, due to the heterogeneous rates of contact among healthcare workers (HCWs). Patterns of healthcare worker contact were analyzed for a large Canadian hospital. A novel tool was developed to capture the heterogeneous patterns in contact in hospital settings, and data from the Canadian hospital was used to inform a realistic contact network. The spread of respiratory infections with reproductive numbers approximating SARS, influenza, and measles were simulated on the network, and control strategies including vaccination, transmission reduction, and social distancing were tested. The efficacies of measures were compared between subsets of the population, which were divided by occupation and contact rate. The results of this study found that nurses are in the most contact with other healthcare workers, but the least mobile. Additionally, “other” healthcare workers such as respiratory therapists are at a high likelihood for superspreading events in the hospital setting. This study also identified locations that would reach a large subset of the hospital, which could be used for hand-washing stations or other interventions. Simulations suggest targeting the most highly connected HCW occupations for vaccination, transmission reduction measures, and social distancing may lead to more effective disease containment in outbreak scenarios, and a reduction in resources needed. The results of this study can be used to inform policy decisions, and direct future research towards targeted control strategies in hospital settings.
Parents experiences of pregnancy following perinatal loss: An integrative review
Creators: name: Donegan, Gemma
name: Noonan, Maria
name: BRADSHAW, CARMEL
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Pregnancy following perinatal loss has a profound effect on parents and may contribute to intense psychological distress including grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression. The subsequent pregnancy may also be perceived as more stressful due to the fear of recurrent loss. Midwives and other health care professionals need to be sensitive and empathetic to the needs of these parents when providing care in a pregnancy subsequent to a loss. Methodology: The aim of this integrated literature review was to explore parents’ experiences of pregnancy following a previous perinatal loss using a systematic approach. This is presented in a five-stage process that includes problem identification, literature search, data extraction and evaluation, data analysis and presentation of results. A systematic search of seven electronic databases was conducted (Jan 2009 -Jan 2023) to identify relevant primary research which addressed parents’ experiences of pregnancy following a previous perinatal loss. Seven papers met the eligibility criteria and were assessed for quality using Crowe’s Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). Thematic analysis identified two themes. Findings: The key themes identified from the literature were; the psychosocial needs and challenges faced by previously bereaved parents in subsequent pregnancies; and the need for specialist care and support in a subsequent pregnancy. Psychological needs and challenges included continued grief, depression, anxiety, and disparities in the grief process between men and women. The importance of specialist care with an increased level of support from competent, confident and compassionate health care providers was highlighted. Conclusion: The experience of pregnancy following a perinatal loss can be a complex emotional experience for parents. The review identifies the need for post pregnancy loss debriefing and counselling and care pathways specific to caring for women and their partners in a pregnancy subsequent to a perinatal loss. Care in pregnancy subsequent to loss should be provided by empathetic, competent health care providers and include additional antenatal clinic appointments, pregnancy monitoring and psychological support in order to meet the needs of these expectant parents.
The Star Formation Rate and Gas Surface Density Relation in the Milky Way: Implications for Extragalactic Studies
Creators: name: Heiderman, Amanda
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Allen, Lori E.
name: Huard, Tracy
name: Heyer, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between star formation rate (SFR) and gas surface densities in Galactic star forming regions using a sample of YSOs and massive clumps. Our YSO sample consists of objects located in 20 molecular clouds from the Spitzer cores to disks and Gould's Belt surveys. We estimate the gas surface density (Sigma_gas) from Av maps and YSO SFR surface densities (Sigma_SFR) from the number of YSOs, assuming a mean mass and lifetime. We also divide the clouds into contour levels of Av, counting only the youngest Class I and Flat SED YSOs. For a sample of massive star forming clumps, we derive SFRs from the infrared luminosity and use HCN gas maps to estimate Sigma_gas. We find that Galactic clouds lie above the extragalactic relations (e.g., Kennicutt-Schmidt Law) by factors up to 17. Cloud regions with high Sigma_gas lie above extragalactic relations up to a factor of 54 and overlap with massive clumps. We use 12CO and 13CO gas maps of the Perseus and Ophiuchus clouds to estimate Sigma_gas and compare to Sigma_gas from Av maps. We find that 13CO, underestimates the Av-based mass by factors of 4-5. 12CO may underestimate the total gas mass at Sigma_gas > 200 Msun pc^-2 by > 30%;however, this does not explain the large discrepancy between Galactic and extragalactic relations. We find evidence for a threshold of star formation (Sigma_th) at 129+-14 Msun pc^-2. At Sigma_gas > Sigma_th, the Galactic relation is linear. A possible reason for the difference between Galactic and extragalactic relations is that all the CO-emitting gas, including Sigma_gas below Sigma_th, is measured in extragalactic studies. If the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation (Sigma_SFR Sigma_gas^1.4) and a linear relation between dense gas and star formation is assumed, the fraction of dense star forming gas (f_dense) increases as Sigma_gas^0.4. When Sigma_gas reaches ~300Sigma_th, f_dense is 1. (Abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 28 pages, 10 figures. Version with full resolution figures available at: http://www.as.utexas.edu/~alh/apj/galsf/ ; updated abridged abstract
A tool to separate optical/infrared disc and jet emission in X-ray transient outbursts: the colour-magnitude diagrams of XTE J1550-564
Creators: name: Russell, D. M.
name: Maitra, D.
name: Dunn, R. J. H.
name: Fender, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now established that thermal disc emission and non-thermal jet emission can both play a role at optical/infrared (OIR) wavelengths in X-ray transients. The spectra of the jet and disc components differ, as do their dependence on mass accretion properties. Here we demonstrate that the OIR colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the evolution of the X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 in outburst can be used to separate the disc from the jet. Monitoring in two wavebands is all that is required. This outburst in 2000 was well studied, and both disc and jet were known to contribute. During the outburst the data follow a well defined path in the CMD, describing what would be expected from a heated single-temperature blackbody of approximately constant area, except when the data appear redder than this track. This is due to the non-thermal jet component which dominates the OIR moreso during hard X-ray states at high luminosities, and which is quenched in the soft state. The CMD therefore shows state-dependent hysteresis, in analogy with (but not identical to) the well established X-ray hardness-intensity diagram of black hole transients. The blackbody originates in the X-ray illuminated, likely unwarped, outer accretion disc. We show that the CMD can be approximately reproduced by a model that assumes various correlations between X-ray, OIR disc and OIR jet fluxes. We find evidence for the OIR jet emission to be decoupled from the disc near the peak of the hard state.
description: MNRAS accepted; 8 pages, 3 figures
How micropatterns and air pressure affect splashing on surfaces
Creators: name: Tsai, Peichun
name: van der Veen, Roeland
name: van de Raa, Matthias
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate the splashing mechanism of a millimeter-sized ethanol drop impinging on a structured solid surface, comprised of micro-pillars, through side-view and top-view high speed imaging. By increasing the impact velocity we can tune the impact outcome from a gentle deposition to a violent splash, at which tiny droplets are emitted as the liquid sheet spreads laterally. We measure the splashing threshold for different micropatterns and find that the arrangement of the pillars significantly affects the splashing outcome. In particular, directional splashing in direction in which air flow through pattern is possible. Our top-view observations of impact dynamics reveal that an trapped air is responsible for the splashing. Indeed by lowering the pressure of the surrounding air we show that we can suppress the splashing in the explored parameter regime.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Volupté, Volume 1 Issue 2: Decadence, Magic(k), and the Occult
Creators: name: Condling, Jalice
Publisher: name: Volupté
Year: 2018

description: Volupté, Volume 1 Issue 2: Decadence, Magic(k), and the Occult
description: Volupté, Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Decadence, Magic(k), and the Occult
Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
Creators: name: Paxton, Bill
name: Bildsten, Lars
name: Dotter, Aaron
name: Herwig, Falk
name: Lesaffre, Pierre
name: Timmes, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar physics and evolution calculations enable a broad range of research in astrophysics. Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) is a suite of open source libraries for a wide range of applications in computational stellar astrophysics. A newly designed 1-D stellar evolution module, MESA star, combines many of the numerical and physics modules for simulations of a wide range of stellar evolution scenarios ranging from very-low mass to massive stars, including advanced evolutionary phases. MESA star solves the fully coupled structure and composition equations simultaneously. It uses adaptive mesh refinement and sophisticated timestep controls, and supports shared memory parallelism based on OpenMP. Independently usable modules provide equation of state, opacity, nuclear reaction rates, and atmosphere boundary conditions. Each module is constructed as a separate Fortran 95 library with its own public interface. Examples include comparisons to other codes and show evolutionary tracks of very low mass stars, brown dwarfs, and gas giant planets; the complete evolution of a 1 Msun star from the pre-main sequence to a cooling white dwarf; the Solar sound speed profile; the evolution of intermediate mass stars through the thermal pulses on the He-shell burning AGB phase; the interior structure of slowly pulsating B Stars and Beta Cepheids; evolutionary tracks of massive stars from the pre-main sequence to the onset of core collapse; stars undergoing Roche lobe overflow; and accretion onto a neutron star. Instructions for downloading and installing MESA can be found on the project web site (http://mesa.sourceforge.net/).
description: 110 pages, 39 figures; submitted to ApJS; visit the MESA website at http://mesa.sourceforge.net
Rate of Convergence to Barenblatt Profiles for the Fast Diffusion Equation
Creators: name: Fila, Marek
name: Vazquez, Juan Luis
name: Winkler, Michael
name: Yanagida, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K65, 35B40

description: We study the asymptotic behaviour of positive solutions of the Cauchy problem for the fast diffusion equation near the extinction time. We find a continuum of rates of convergence to a self-similar profile. These rates depend explicitly on the spatial decay rates of initial data.
Unsatisfiability proofs for distributed clause-sharing SAT solvers
Creators: name: Michaelson, Dawn
name: Schreiber, Dominik
name: Heule, Marijn J. H.
name: Kiesl-Reiter, Benjamin
name: Whalen, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Year: 2023
Subjects: SAT solving
proofs
distributed computing

description: Distributed clause-sharing SAT solvers can solve problems up to one hundred times faster than sequential SAT solvers by sharing derived information among multiple sequential solvers working on the same problem. Unlike sequential solvers, however, distributed solvers have not been able to produce proofs of unsatisfiability in a scalable manner, which has limited their use in critical applications. In this paper, we present a method to produce unsatisfiability proofs for distributed SAT solvers by combining the partial proofs produced by each sequential solver into a single, linear proof. Our approach is more scalable and general than previous explorations for parallel clause-sharing solvers, allowing use on distributed solvers without shared memory. We propose a simple sequential algorithm as well as a fully distributed algorithm for proof composition. Our empirical evaluation shows that for large-scale distributed solvers (100 nodes of 16 cores each), our distributed approach allows reliable proof composition and checking with reasonable overhead. We analyze the overhead and discuss how and where future efforts may further improve performance.
Tailoring the magnetism of GaMnAs films by ion irradiation
Creators: name: Li, Lin
name: Yao, S. D.
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
name: Bürger, D.
name: Roshchupkina, O.
name: Akhmadaliev, S.
name: Rushforth, A. W.
name: Campion, R. P.
name: Fassbender, J.
name: Helm, M.
name: Gallagher, B. L.
name: Timm, C.
name: Schmidt, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion irradiation of semiconductors is a well understood method to tune the carrier concentration in a controlled manner. We show that the ferromagnetism in GaMnAs films, known to be hole-mediated, can be modified by He ion irradiation. The coercivity can be increased by more than three times. The magnetization, Curie temperature and the saturation field along the out-of-plane hard axis all decrease as the fluence increases. The electrical and structural characterization of the irradiated GaMnAs layers indicates that the controlled tailoring of magnetism results from a compensation of holes by generated electrical defects.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication at J. Phys. D
Connecting supply and demand through portals: a study of open government data in China
Creators: name: Wang, Di
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Open government data (OGD) has developed rapidly due to various benefits that can be derived through transparency and public access. However, researchers have emphasized the lack of use instead of the lack of disclosure of OGD as a key problem in the present development of OGD. To find ways for better utilization of OGD by connecting the supply and demand sides through OGD portals, the author designed four connected studies. The first study built an evaluation framework for understanding the development of the supply-side of OGD by evaluating existing Chinese province-level OGD portals. Secondly, with the primary users on the demand-side and the major beneficiaries of OGD, the second study focused on a survey conducted to analyze citizens' awareness and utilization of OGD portals. A third study compared the supply and demand sides of OGD by using the data collected in the previous two parts based on Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory. Lastly, a final study tested the proposed usability criteria for building an OGD portal in helping users to use the data on the portal by carrying out a between-subjects experiment. All the case studies in these four parts were carried out in China. This research recognizes that Chinese province-level OGD portals are in an early stage of development. Citizens have limited awareness of OGD and OGD portals. Significant relationships are recognized among citizens, their demands of OGD and their utilization of OGD. Significant conflicts lie on the supply and demand sides of OGD in relation to relative advantage, compatibility and complexity. Our experiment shows that following these usability criteria for building an OGD portal could improve acceptance of the portal. Improving the help functions would also help users to find the data they need. Based on the analysis results from this study, future directions for developing OGD and OGD portals are identified, including: (1) identifying different user types; (2) increasing the online visibility of OGD; (3) improving the help functions of OGD portals such as providing online smart agents; (4) strengthening user interaction with the portals; and (5) reinforcing OGD characteristics.
Patterns of near-crash events in a naturalistic driving dataset: applying rules mining
Creators: name: Kong, Xiaoqiang
name: Das, Subasish
name: Zhou, Hongmin
name: Zhang, Yunlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study aims to explore the associations between near-crash events and road geometry and trip features by investigating a naturalistic driving dataset and a corresponding roadway inventory dataset using an association rule mining method.
Impact of Social Trends on Pharmaco‐Behavioural Modelling of Drug Use Prevalence.
Creators: name: Igharo, Victor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Health and community services
Mental health services
Social determinants of health
Health promotion

description: With the growing youth population in Africa and the world over, social systems are constantly evolving and characterizing the increasing vulnerability of teens, adolescents, and youths due to media exposure to illicit psychotropic drug use. According to the 2012 World Drug Report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), it is estimated that about 230 million people (5 percent of the world’s adult population, have used an illicit drug at least once. Factors such as sociodemographic changes, socioanthropological evolution, and socioeconomic factors are implicated in increased drug use predisposition. The emergence of the social media age has also contributed to exacerbating such pharmaco‐social factors promoting drug use prevalence. This paper introduces the social paradigm to illicit psychotropic drug use and explores opportunities for using behavior-based models to shape the psychosocial, sociocultural, and -economic dimensions of drug demand and harm reduction as a strategy for modulating drug use prevalence.
On the origin of cosmic web
Creators: name: Gurzadyan, V. G.
name: Fimin, N. N.
name: Chechetkin, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of one and two-dimensional configurations -- Zeldovich pancakes -- progenitors of the observed filaments and clusters and groups of galaxies, is predicted by means of a developed kinetic approach in analyzing the evolution of initial density perturbations. The self-consistent gravitational interaction described by Vlasov-Poisson set of equations with branching conditions is shown to predict two-dimensional structures as of layers of increased density and voids between them, i.e. the cellular macro-structure of the Universe. The modified potential of weak-field General Relativity is involved, which enables one to explain the Hubble tension, revealing the conceptual discrepancy in the local galactic flows and the cosmological expansion. This demonstrates the possible essential role of self-consistent gravity in the formation of the cosmic web.
description: 8 pages, 1 fig., Eur.Phys.J.Plus (in press), to match the published version
Nurses' attitudes and experiences working with women receiving methadone maintenance therapy in the postnatal period
Creators: name: Dell, Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Abstract When working with women and infants on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), obstetrical nurses may encounter an array of challenges concerning preparation, assessment, workload, and fostering a positive relationship with patient families. Obstetrical nurses also have distinct ways in which they work with each woman to build rapport and provide quality, safe, and effective care. Many research studies have focused on how nurses’ attitudes toward addiction and substances use impacts the quality of care provided, but few studies have explored the experiences of obstetrical nurses caring for women on MMT. This study addresses this knowledge gap, providing insight into how obstetrical nurses provide health care to women and infants on MMT. The findings indicated that most participants drew on personal ideals about mothering, a collaborative team approach, and a non-judgmental attitude to meet the needs of the families on MMT. That said, most participants also recognized their lack of education surrounding MMT and how this impacted the care they provided. Many participants also reported difficulty establishing a positive relationship due to structural constraints - such as workload and staffing - which affected the time required to provide effective bedside care. Finally, this study highlights opportunities to learn how to increase understanding of nurses’ experiences working with women on MMT.
Simplified Hydrostatic Carbon Burning in White Dwarf Interiors
Creators: name: Förster, Francisco
name: Lesaffre, Pierre
name: Podsiadlowski, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two simplified nuclear networks that can be used in hydrostatic carbon burning reactions occurring in white dwarf interiors. They model the relevant nuclear reactions in carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (COWDs) approaching ignition in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors, including the effects of the main e-captures and β-decays that drive the convective Urca process. They are based on studies of a detailed nuclear network compiled by the authors and are defined by approximate sets of differential equations whose derivations are included in the text. The first network, N1, provides a good first order estimation of the distribution of ashes and it also provides a simple picture of the main reactions occurring during this phase of evolution. The second network, N2, is a more refined version of N1 and can reproduce the evolution of the main physical properties of the full network to the 5% level. We compare the evolution of the mole fraction of the relevant nuclei, the neutron excess, the photon energy generation and the neutrino losses between both simplified networks and the detailed reaction network in a fixed temperature and density parcel of gas.
description: 52 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Methods of 3D printing models of pituitary tumors
Creators: name: Gillett, Daniel
name: Bashari, Waiel
name: Senanayake, Russell
name: Marsden, Daniel
name: Koulouri, Olympia
name: MacFarlane, James
name: Van Der Meulen, Merel
name: Powlson, Andrew S.
name: Mendichovszky, Iosif A.
name: Cheow, Heok
name: Bird, Nick
name: Kolias, Angelos
name: Mannion, Richard
name: Gurnell, Mark
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
Desktop Vat Polymerization (Stereolithography)
3D printing
Pituitary
PET/CT
MRI
Cost analysis
Clinical utility

description: Funder: National Institute for Health Research; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
description: Abstract: Background: Pituitary adenomas can give rise to a variety of clinical disorders and surgery is often the primary treatment option. However, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not always reliably identify the site of an adenoma. In this setting molecular (functional) imaging (e.g. 11C-methionine PET/CT) may help with tumor localisation, although interpretation of these 2D images can be challenging. 3D printing of anatomical models for other indications has been shown to aid surgical planning and improve patient understanding of the planned procedure. Here, we explore the potential utility of four types of 3D printing using PET/CT and co-registered MRI for visualising pituitary adenomas. Methods: A 3D patient-specific model based on a challenging clinical case was created by segmenting the pituitary gland, pituitary adenoma, carotid arteries and bone using contemporary PET/CT and MR images. The 3D anatomical models were printed using VP, MEX, MJ and PBF 3D printing methods. Different anatomical structures were printed in color with the exception of the PBF anatomical model where a single color was used. The anatomical models were compared against the computer model to assess printing accuracy. Three groups of clinicians (endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons) assessed the anatomical models for their potential clinical utility. Results: All of the printing techniques produced anatomical models which were spatially accurate, with the commercial printing techniques (MJ and PBF) and the consumer printing techniques (VP and MEX) demonstrating comparable findings (all techniques had mean spatial differences from the computer model of < 0.6 mm). The MJ, VP and MEX printing techniques yielded multicolored anatomical models, which the clinicians unanimously agreed would be preferable to use when talking to a patient; in contrast, 50%, 40% and 0% of endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons respectively would consider using the PBF model. Conclusion: 3D anatomical models of pituitary tumors were successfully created from PET/CT and MRI using four different 3D printing techniques. However, the expert reviewers unanimously preferred the multicolor prints. Importantly, the consumer printers performed comparably to the commercial MJ printing technique, opening the possibility that these methods can be adopted into routine clinical practice with only a modest investment.
Star formation in galaxy interactions and mergers
Creators: name: Bournaud, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This lecture reviews the fundamental physical processes involved in star formation in galaxy interactions and mergers. Interactions and mergers often drive intense starbursts, but the link between interstellar gas physics, large scale interactions, and active star formation is complex and not fully understood yet. Two processes can drive starbursts: radial inflows of gas can fuel nuclear starbursts, triggered gas turbulence and fragmentation can drive more extended starbursts in massive star clusters with high fractions of dense gas. Both modes are certainly required to account for the observed properties of starbursting mergers. A particular consequence is that star formation scaling laws are not universal, but vary from quiescent disks to starbursting mergers. High-resolution hydrodynamic simulations are used to illustrate the lectures.
description: Invited lecture at Evry Schatzman School 2010: Star Formation in the Local Universe
Blurring the boundary between homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis using palladium nanoclusters with dynamic surfaces.
Creators: name: Cano, Israel
name: Weilhard, Andreas
name: Martin, Carmen
name: Pinto, Jose
name: Lodge, Rhys W
name: Santos, Ana R
name: Rance, Graham A
name: Åhlgren, Elina Harriet
name: Jónsson, Erlendur
name: Yuan, Jun
name: Li, Ziyou Y
name: Licence, Peter
name: Khlobystov, Andrei N
name: Alves Fernandes, Jesum
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Using a magnetron sputtering approach that allows size-controlled formation of nanoclusters, we have created palladium nanoclusters that combine the features of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Here we report the atomic structures and electronic environments of a series of metal nanoclusters in ionic liquids at different stages of formation, leading to the discovery of Pd nanoclusters with a core of ca. 2 nm surrounded by a diffuse dynamic shell of atoms in [C4C1Im][NTf2]. Comparison of the catalytic activity of Pd nanoclusters in alkene cyclopropanation reveals that the atomically dynamic surface is critically important, increasing the activity by a factor of ca. 2 when compared to compact nanoclusters of similar size. Catalyst poisoning tests using mercury and dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene show that dynamic Pd nanoclusters maintain their catalytic activity, which demonstrate their combined features of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts within the same material. Additionally, kinetic studies of cyclopropanation of alkenes mediated by the dynamic Pd nanoclusters reveal an observed catalyst order of 1, underpinning the pseudo-homogeneous character of the dynamic Pd nanoclusters.
The Blue Hook Populations of Massive Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Brown, Thomas M.
name: Sweigart, Allen V.
name: Lanz, Thierry
name: Smith, Ed
name: Landsman, Wayne B.
name: Hubeny, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new HST ultraviolet color-magnitude diagrams of 5 massive Galactic globular clusters: NGC 2419, NGC 6273, NGC 6715, NGC 6388, and NGC 6441. These observations were obtained to investigate the "blue hook" phenomenon previously observed in UV images of the globular clusters omega Cen and NGC 2808. Blue hook stars are a class of hot (approximately 35,000 K) subluminous horizontal branch stars that occupy a region of the HR diagram that is unexplained by canonical stellar evolution theory. By coupling new stellar evolution models to appropriate non-LTE synthetic spectra, we investigate various theoretical explanations for these stars. Specifically, we compare our photometry to canonical models at standard cluster abundances, canonical models with enhanced helium (consistent with cluster self-enrichment at early times), and flash-mixed models formed via a late helium-core flash on the white dwarf cooling curve. We find that flash-mixed models are required to explain the faint luminosity of the blue hook stars, although neither the canonical models nor the flash-mixed models can explain the range of color observed in such stars, especially those in the most metal-rich clusters. Aside from the variation in the color range, no clear trends emerge in the morphology of the blue hook population with respect to metallicity.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Latex, 14 pages, 1 B&W and 6 color figures
Scheduling in Targeted Transient Surveys and a New Telescope for CHASE
Creators: name: Förster, Francisco
name: López, Nicolás
name: Maza, José
name: Kubánek, Petr
name: Pignata, Giuliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for scheduling observations in small field-of-view transient targeted surveys. The method is based on maximizing the probability of detection of transient events of a given type and age since occurrence; it requires knowledge of the time since the last observation for every observed field, the expected light curve of the event, and the expected rate of events in the fields where the search is performed. In order to test this scheduling strategy we use a modified version of the genetic scheduler developed for the telescope control system RTS2. In particular, we present example schedules designed for a future 50 cm telescope that will expand the capabilities of the CHASE survey, which aims to detect young supernova events in nearby galaxies. We also include a brief description of the telescope and the status of the project, which is expected to enter a commissioning phase in 2010.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, Published in Advances of Astronomy, Special issue on Robotic Astronomy
I. Un blog sur les paysages : un petit début – ou quelle langue choisir ?
Creators: name: Neff, Christophe
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2009
Subjects: blog paysages
Sprachen
Muttersprache
Arbeitssprache
Buch
Buchlektüren
paysages
Landschaften
Landschaftwahrnehmung
Schramberg
Blogosphäre

description: Erster Beitrag im Blog „paysages“ verfasst im Mai 2009. Die Publikationssprache des Blogs wird anhand biographischer Rückblicke des Verfassers diskutiert. Weiterhin wird die Bedeutung von „(Buch)-Lektüren“ für die Landschaftswahrnehmung diskutiert.
Hamiltonian simulation algorithms for near-term quantum hardware.
Creators: name: Clinton, Laura
name: Bausch, Johannes
name: Cubitt, Toby
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The quantum circuit model is the de-facto way of designing quantum algorithms. Yet any level of abstraction away from the underlying hardware incurs overhead. In this work, we develop quantum algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation "one level below" the circuit model, exploiting the underlying control over qubit interactions available in most quantum hardware and deriving analytic circuit identities for synthesising multi-qubit evolutions from two-qubit interactions. We then analyse the impact of these techniques under the standard error model where errors occur per gate, and an error model with a constant error rate per unit time. To quantify the benefits of this approach, we apply it to time-dynamics simulation of the 2D spin Fermi-Hubbard model. Combined with new error bounds for Trotter product formulas tailored to the non-asymptotic regime and an analysis of error propagation, we find that e.g. for a 5 × 5 Fermi-Hubbard lattice we reduce the circuit depth from 1, 243, 586 using the best previous fermion encoding and error bounds in the literature, to 3, 209 in the per-gate error model, or the circuit-depth-equivalent to 259 in the per-time error model. This brings Hamiltonian simulation, previously beyond reach of current hardware for non-trivial examples, significantly closer to being feasible in the NISQ era.
Nondestructive Fluorescent State Detection of Single Neutral Atom Qubits
Creators: name: Gibbons, Michael J.
name: Hamley, Christopher D.
name: Shih, Chung-Yu
name: Chapman, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate non-destructive (loss-less) fluorescent state detection of individual neutral atom qubits trapped in an optical lattice. The hyperfine state of the atom is measured with a 95% accuracy and an atom loss rate of 1%. Individual atoms are initialized and detected over 100 times before being lost from the trap, representing a 100-fold improvement in data collection rates over previous experiments. Microwave Rabi oscillations are observed with repeated measurements of one-and-the-same single atom.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The Single-Photon Router
Creators: name: Hoi, Io-Chun
name: Wilson, C. M.
name: Johansson, Göran
name: Palomaki, Tauno
name: Peropadre, Borja
name: Delsing, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have embedded an artificial atom, a superconducting "transmon" qubit, in an open transmission line and investigated the strong scattering of incident microwave photons ($\sim6$ GHz). When an input coherent state, with an average photon number $N\ll1$ is on resonance with the artificial atom, we observe extinction of up to 90% in the forward propagating field. We use two-tone spectroscopy to study scattering from excited states and we observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We then use EIT to make a single-photon router, where we can control to what output port an incoming signal is delivered. The maximum on-off ratio is around 90% with a rise and fall time on the order of nanoseconds, consistent with theoretical expectations. The router can easily be extended to have multiple output ports and it can be viewed as a rudimentary quantum node, an important step towards building quantum information networks.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
High Prevalence of Pre-Existing Liver Abnormalities Identified Via Autopsies in COVID-19: Identification of a New Silent Risk Factor?
Creators: name: Hirayama, Yuri
name: Daniels, Natasha Faye
name: Evans, Shelley
name: Clarke, David
name: Purvis, Stephenie
name: Oliver, Charlotte
name: Woodmansey, Stephen
name: Staniforth, Joy
name: Soilleux, Elizabeth J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
post-mortem
hepatic pathology
interferon dysregulation
liver function tests
steatosis
cirrhosis
autopsy
pathology

description: A high prevalence of hepatic pathology (in 17 of 19 cases) was reported in post-mortem (PM) examinations of COVID-19 patients, undertaken between March 2020 and February 2021 by a single autopsy pathologist in two English Coronial jurisdictions. The patients in our cohort demonstrated high levels of recognised COVID-19 risk factors, including hypertension (8/16, 50%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (8/16, 50%) and evidence of arteriopathy 6/16 (38%). Hepatic abnormalities included steatosis (12/19; 63%), moderate to severe venous congestion (5/19; 26%) and cirrhosis (4/19; 21%). A subsequent literature review indicated a significantly increased prevalence of steatosis (49%), venous congestion (34%) and cirrhosis (9.3%) in COVID-19 PM cases, compared with a pre-pandemic PM cohort (33%, 16%, and 2.6%, respectively), likely reflecting an increased mortality risk in SARS-CoV-2 infection for patients with pre-existing liver disease. To corroborate this observation, we retrospectively analysed the admission liver function test (LFT) results of 276 consecutive, anonymised COVID-19 hospital patients in our centre, for whom outcome data were available. Of these patients, 236 (85.5%) had significantly reduced albumin levels at the time of admission to hospital, which was likely indicative of pre-existing chronic liver or renal disease. There was a strong correlation between patient outcome (length of hospital admission or death) and abnormal albumin at the time of hospital admission (p = 0.000012). We discuss potential mechanisms by which our observations of hepatic dysfunction are linked to a risk of COVID-19 mortality, speculating on the importance of recently identified anti-interferon antibodies.
Enisamium Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 RNA Synthesis
Creators: name: Elli, Stefano
name: Bojkova, Denisa
name: Bechtel, Marco
name: Vial, Thomas
name: Boltz, David
name: Muzzio, Miguel
name: Peng, Xinjian
name: Sala, Federico
name: Cosentino, Cesare
name: Goy, Andrew
name: Guerrini, Marco
name: Müller, Lutz
name: Cinatl, Jindrich
name: Margitich, Victor
name: Te Velthuis, Aartjan J. W. Te
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
molecular dynamics simulation
RNA polymerase
FAV00A
Amizon

description: Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a mild to severe respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While control of the SARS-CoV-2 spread partly depends on vaccine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity, antiviral strategies are still needed to manage COVID-19. Enisamium is an inhibitor of influenza A and B viruses in cell culture and clinically approved in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In vitro, enisamium acts through metabolite VR17-04 and inhibits the activity of the influenza A virus RNA polymerase. Here we show that enisamium can inhibit coronavirus infections in NHBE and Caco-2 cells, and the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in vitro. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations provide insight into the mechanism of action and indicate that enisamium metabolite VR17-04 prevents GTP and UTP incorporation. Overall, these results suggest that enisamium is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis in vitro.
Transition between SU(4) and SU(2) Kondo effect
Creators: name: Tosi, Leandro
name: Roura-Bas, Pablo
name: Aligia, Armando A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by experiments in nanoscopic systems, we study a generalized Anderson, which consists of two spin degenerate doublets hybridized to a singlet by promotion of an electron to two conduction bands, as a function of the energy separation $δ$ between both doublets. For $δ$=0 or very large, the model is equivalent to a one-level SU(N) Anderson model, with N=4 and 2 respectively. We study the evolution of the spectral density for both doublets ($ρ_{1 σ}(ω)$ and $ρ_{2 σ}(ω)$) and their width in the Kondo limit as $δ$ is varied, using the non-crossing approximation (NCA). As $δ$ increases, the peak at the Fermi energy in the spectral density (Kondo peak) splits and the density of the doublet of higher energy $ρ_{2 σ}(ω)$ shifts above the Ferrmi energy. The Kondo temperature $T_K$ (determined by the half width at half maximum of the Kondo peak in density of the doublet of lower energy $ρ_{1 σ}(ω)$) decreases dramatically. The variation of $T_K$ with $δ$ is reproduced by a simple variational calculation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the conference "Frontiers of Condensed Matter Physics", December 2010
Hfz. prof. dr. Almir Pramenković, POIMANJE TEVESSULA (ZAUZIMANJE KOD BOGA - POSREDNIŠTVO) U KLASIČNOJ I SAVREMENOJ ISLAMSKOJ MISLI.pdf
Creators: name: Misao, Islamska
name: Pramenković, Almir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Islamic studies

description: Autor u ovom članku tretira pitanje tevessula, odnosno posredništva kroz prizmu klasičnih islamskih učenjaka. Tematika tevessula je predmet brojnih diskusija u savremenom dobu, tako da su ovu problematiku tretirali i savremeni islamski učenjaci. Autor elaborira stavove relevantne islamske uleme čija su mišljenja polarizirana, naročito kada je u pitanju sporni tevessul. U tekstu je data argumentacija učenjaka koja zagovara sporni tevessul, kao i onih koji se tome suprostavljaju, ali i savremenih učenjaka koji pokušavaju predstaviti umjerene i izbalansiran stav o predmetnom pitanju. In this article, the author treats the issue of tevessul or mediation through the prism of classical Islamic scholars. The topic of tevessul is the subject of numerous discussions in modern times, so that this issue has been treated by modern Islamic scholars as well. The author elaborates on the views of the relevant Islamic scholars whose opinions are polarized, especially when it comes to the controversial tevessul. The text gives the argumentation of scholars who advocate the controversial tevessul as well as those who oppose it, but also modern scholars who try to present a moderate and balanced position on the subject.