Archaeological Testing in the City of Phoenix Sky Harbor Center, Part I and II
Creators: name: Greenwald, David H.
name: Gregory, David A.
name: Anderson, Kirk C.
name: Nials, Fred L.
name: Huckelberry, Gary
name: Wilcox, David R.
Publisher: name: SWCA, Inc. Environmental Consultants
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Sonoran Desert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2772/sonoran-desert
subject: Phoenix, AZ
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76695/phoenix-az
subject: Phoenix Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/27/phoenix-basin
subject: Pioneer Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/111/pioneer-period
subject: Snaketown Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/211/snaketown-phase
subject: Gila Butte Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/212/gila-butte-phase
subject: Civano Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5620/civano-phase
subject: Santa Cruz Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/213/santa-cruz-phase
subject: Sacaton Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/214/sacaton-phase
subject: Gila Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5625/gila-phase
subject: Sweetwater Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6169/sweetwater-phase
subject: Classic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/125/classic-period
subject: Sedentary Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5504/sedentary-period
subject: Colonial Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5377/colonial-period
subject: Preclassic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5604/preclassic-period
subject: Tanque Verde Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6021/tanque-verde-phase
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: Dutch Canal Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/238/dutch-canal-ruin
subject: AZ T:12:42 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22099/az-t1242-asm
subject: AZ T:12:62 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78533/az-t1262-asm
subject: Pueblo Salado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3241/pueblo-salado
subject: Hamlet / Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/254/hamlet-village
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Agricultural or Herding
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/273/agricultural-or-herding
subject: Canal or Canal Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/275/canal-or-canal-feature
subject: Field House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/595/field-house
subject: Inhumation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/947/inhumation
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Farmstead
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/747/farmstead
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Plainware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/174/plainware
subject: Lower Colorado Buffware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/311/lower-colorado-buffware
subject: Redware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/444/redware
subject: Polychrome
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2752/polychrome
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Black-on-white
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2178/black-on-white
subject: Mano
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/131/mano
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Projectile Point
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/71/projectile-point
subject: Salt Redware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/519/salt-redware
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2121/core
subject: Axe
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2186/axe
subject: Red-on-Brown
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2635/red-on-brown
subject: Phoenix Redware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1804/phoenix-redware
subject: Anvil
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2765/anvil
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Pestle
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2192/pestle
subject: Buffware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/465/buffware
subject: Basalt
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/214/basalt
subject: Gila Plainware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/471/gila-plainware
subject: Tabular Knife
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2647/tabular-knife
subject: Wingfield Plainware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/472/wingfield-plainware
subject: Hammerstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/94/hammerstone
subject: Tonto Polychrome
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2659/tonto-polychrome
subject: metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/167/metate
subject: Red-pn-Buff
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2792/red-pn-buff
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Records Search / Inventory Checking
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/8/records-search-inventory-checking
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: Archaeological test excavations have been completed within the City of Phoenix Sky Harbor Center project area between February 13 and March 31, 1989, by SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants under contract to the City of Phoenix. The purpose of the archaeological investigations was to locate, identify, and assess cultural remains associated with two sites, AZ T:12:47 and AZ T:12:62 (ASM) for their significance and to make recommendations for further mitigative data recovery efforts. While the entire project area was not intensively investigated, its large size has provided a nearly unparalleled opportunity for the testing of archaeological remains in the greater urban setting of Phoenix, Arizona. Testing was completed through the use of both systematic and judgemental backhoe trenches. Over 15,000 meters of trenches were dug, first systematically to locate buried cultural deposits, and later, judgementally to define the spatial extent of features and to test areas not scheduled for systematic excavations. Substantial intact cultural remains were found in both site areas, including canal, field, and habitation features. These sites are associated with the Hohokam culture with the remains at AZ T:12:42, Pueblo Salado, dating primarily to the late Classic period, and remains at AZ T:12:62, the Dutch Canal Ruin, dating primarily to the late Pioneer and Colonial periods. Occupations consisted of field house loci, farmsteads, and hamlets with the earlier occupations being primarily temporary or seasonal and the later occupations consisting of a permanent settlement with an enclosing compound wall. The numbers, kinds and distributions of features at both sites will provide important information concerning the prehistory of the Phoenix Basin. Geomorphic studies of flood deposits directly associated with these sites may provide important information concerning the use of the first terrace and potential impacts of floods upon the Hohokam.