cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Broadband lightcurve characteristics of GRBs 980425 and 060218 and comparison with long-lag, wide-pulse GRBs
Creators: name: Zhang, Fu-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently argued that low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (LL-GRBs) are likely a unique GRB population. Here, we present systematic analysis of the lightcurve characteristics from X-ray to gamma-ray energy bands for the two prototypical LL-GRBs 980425 and 060218. It is found that both the pulse width ($w$) and the ratio of the rising width to the decaying width ($r/d$) of theses two bursts are energy-dependent over a broad energy band. There exists a significant trend that the pulses tend to be narrower and more symmetry with respect to the higher energy bands for the two events. Both the X-rays and the gamma-rays follow the same $w - E$ and $r/d - E$ relations. These facts may indicate that the X-ray emission tracks the gamma-ray emission and both are likely to be originated from the same physical mechanism. Their light curves show significant spectral lags. We calculate the three types of lags with the pulse peaking time ($t_{peak}$), the pulse centroid time ($t_{cen}$), and the cross-correlation function (CCF). The derived $t_{peak}$ and $t_{cen}$ are a power-law function of energy. The lag calculated by CCF is strongly correlated with that derived from $t_{peak}$. But the lag derived from $t_{cen}$ is less correlated with that derived from $t_{peak}$ and CCF. The energy dependence of the lags is shallower at higher energy bands. These characteristics are well consistent with that observed in typical long-lag, wide-pulse GRBs, suggesting that GRBs 980425 and 060218 may share the similar radiation physics with them.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Complete Characterization of Functions Satisfying the Conditions of Arrow's Theorem
Creators: name: Mossel, Elchanan
name: Tamuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Arrow's theorem implies that a social choice function satisfying Transitivity, the Pareto Principle (Unanimity) and Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) must be dictatorial. When non-strict preferences are allowed, a dictatorial social choice function is defined as a function for which there exists a single voter whose strict preferences are followed. This definition allows for many different dictatorial functions. In particular, we construct examples of dictatorial functions which do not satisfy Transitivity and IIA. Thus Arrow's theorem, in the case of non-strict preferences, does not provide a complete characterization of all social choice functions satisfying Transitivity, the Pareto Principle, and IIA. The main results of this article provide such a characterization for Arrow's theorem, as well as for follow up results by Wilson. In particular, we strengthen Arrow's and Wilson's result by giving an exact if and only if condition for a function to satisfy Transitivity and IIA (and the Pareto Principle). Additionally, we derive formulas for the number of functions satisfying these conditions.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Continuous Time Random Walks with Internal Dynamics and Subdiffusive Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Creators: name: Eule, S.
name: Friedrich, R.
name: Jenko, F.
name: Sokolov, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the generalized master equation for a class of continuous time random walks in the presence of a prescribed deterministic evolution between successive transitions. This formulation is exemplified by means of an advection-diffusion and a jump-diffusion scheme. Based on this master equation, we also derive reaction-diffusion equations for subdiffusive chemical species, using a mean field approximation.
Relationship between pulse width and energy in GRB 060124: from X-ray to gamma-ray bands
Creators: name: Zhang, Fu-Wen
name: Qin, Yi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 060124 is the first event that both prompt and afterglow emission were observed simultaneously by the three \emph{Swift} instruments. Its main peak also triggered Konus-Wind and HETE-II. Therefore, investigation on both the temporal and spectral properties of the prompt emission can be extended to X-ray bands. We perform a detailed analysis on the two well identified pulses of this burst, and find that the pulses are narrower at higher energies, and both X-rays and gamma-rays follow the same $w - E$ relation for an individual pulse. However, there is no a universal power-law index of the $w - E$ relation among pulses. We find also that the rise-to-decay ratio $r/d$ seems not to evolve with $E$ and the $r/d$ values are well consistent with that observed in typical GRBs. The broadband spectral energy distribution also suggest that the X-rays are consistent with the spectral behavior of the gamma-rays. These results indicates that the X-ray emission tracks the gamma-ray emission and the emissions in the two energy bands are likely to be originated from the same physical mechanism.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Formation of the Thebe Extension in the Ring System of Jupiter
Creators: name: Borisov, Nikolay
name: Krüger, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jupiter's tenuous dust ring system is embedded in the planet's inner magnetosphere, and - among other structures - contains a very tenuous protrusion called the Thebe extension. In an attempt to explain the existence of this swath of particles beyond Thebe's orbit, Hamilton and Krüger (2008) proposed that the dust particle motion is driven by a shadow resonance caused by variable dust charging on the day and night side of Jupiter. However, the model by Divine (1983) together with recent observations by the Juno spacecraft indicates a warm and rather dense inner magnetosphere of Jupiter which implies that the mechanism of the shadow resonance does not work. Instead we argue that dust grains ejected from Thebe due to micrometeoroid bombardment become the source of dust in the Thebe extension. We show that large (grain radii of a few micrometers up to multi-micrometers) charged dust grains having significant initial velocities oscillate in the Thebe extension. Smaller charged grains (with sub-micrometer radii) ejected from Thebe do not spend much time in the Thebe extension and migrate into the Thebe ring. At the same time, if such grains are ejected from larger dust grains in the Thebe extension due to fragmentation, they continue to oscillate within the Thebe extension for years. We argue that fragmentation of large dust grains in the Thebe extension could be the main source of sub-micrometer grains detected in the Thebe extension.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics
VOLKS2: a transient search and localization pipeline for VLBI observations
Creators: name: Liu, Lei
name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Yan, Zhen
name: Zheng, Weimin
name: Huang, Yidan
name: Chen, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VOLKS2, the second release of "VLBI Observation for transient Localization Keen Searcher". The pipeline aims at transient search in regular VLBI observations as well as detection of single pulses from known sources in dedicated VLBI observations. The underlying method takes the idea of geodetic VLBI data processing, including fringe fitting to maximize the signal power and geodetic VLBI solving for localization. By filtering the candidate signals with multiple windows within a baseline and by cross matching with multiple baselines, RFIs are eliminated effectively. Unlike the station auto spectrum based method, RFI flagging is not required in the VOLKS2 pipeline. EVN observation (EL060) is carried out, so as to verify the pipeline's detection efficiency and localization accuracy in the whole FoV. The pipeline is parallelized with MPI and further accelerated with GPU, so as to exploit the hardware resources of modern GPU clusters. We can prove that, with proper optimization, VOLKS2 could achieve comparable performance as auto spectrum based pipelines. All the code and documents are publicly available, in the hope that our pipeline is useful for radio transient studies.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Monroe House, "Wayside", Ocean Avenue
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings

description: This image is of the Monroe House, known as "Wayside", located on Ocean Avenue in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Overlapping stochastic block models with application to the French political blogosphere
Creators: name: Latouche, Pierre
name: Birmelé, Etienne
name: Ambroise, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex systems in nature and in society are often represented as networks, describing the rich set of interactions between objects of interest. Many deterministic and probabilistic clustering methods have been developed to analyze such structures. Given a network, almost all of them partition the vertices into disjoint clusters, according to their connection profile. However, recent studies have shown that these techniques were too restrictive and that most of the existing networks contained overlapping clusters. To tackle this issue, we present in this paper the Overlapping Stochastic Block Model. Our approach allows the vertices to belong to multiple clusters, and, to some extent, generalizes the well-known Stochastic Block Model [Nowicki and Snijders (2001)]. We show that the model is generically identifiable within classes of equivalence and we propose an approximate inference procedure, based on global and local variational techniques. Using toy data sets as well as the French Political Blogosphere network and the transcriptional network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we compare our work with other approaches.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS382 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of tRF-3013b inhibits gallbladder cancer proliferation by targeting TPRG1L
Creators: name: Zou, Lu
name: Yang, Yang
name: Zhou, Biyu
name: Li, Weijian
name: Liu, Ke
name: Li, Guoqiang
name: Miao, Huijie
name: Song, Xiaoling
name: Yang, Jiahua
name: Geng, Yajun
name: Li, Maolan
name: Bao, Runfa
name: Liu, Yingbin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers for qRT-PCR in the study.
Extracting Programs from Constructive HOL Proofs via IZF Set-Theoretic
 Semantics
Creators: name: Constable, Robert
name: Moczydlowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1

description: Church's Higher Order Logic is a basis for influential proof assistants -- HOL and PVS. Church's logic has a simple set-theoretic semantics, making it trustworthy and extensible. We factor HOL into a constructive core plus axioms of excluded middle and choice. We similarly factor standard set theory, ZFC, into a constructive core, IZF, and axioms of excluded middle and choice. Then we provide the standard set-theoretic semantics in such a way that the constructive core of HOL is mapped into IZF. We use the disjunction, numerical existence and term existence properties of IZF to provide a program extraction capability from proofs in the constructive core. We can implement the disjunction and numerical existence properties in two different ways: one using Rathjen's realizability for IZF and the other using a new direct weak normalization result for IZF by Moczydlowski. The latter can also be used for the term existence property.
description: 17 pages
Reticulum II: Particle Dark Matter and Primordial Black Holes Limits
Creators: name: Siegert, Thomas
name: Boehm, Celine
name: Calore, Francesca
name: Diehl, Roland
name: Krause, Martin G. H.
name: Serpico, Pasquale D.
name: Vincent, Aaron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reticulum II (Ret II) is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and presents a prime target to investigate the nature of dark matter (DM) because of its high mass-to-light ratio. We evaluate a dedicated INTEGRAL observation campaign data set to obtain $γ$-ray fluxes from Ret II and compare those with expectations from DM. Ret II is not detected in the $γ$-ray band 25--8000 keV, and we derive a flux limit of $\lesssim 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{erg\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$. The previously reported 511 keV line is not seen, and we find a flux limit of $\lesssim 1.7 \times 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{ph\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$. We construct spectral models for primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation and annihilation/decay of particle DM, and subsequent annihilation of positrons produced in these processes. We exclude that the totality of DM in Ret II is made of a monochromatic distribution of PBHs of masses $\lesssim 8 \times 10^{15}\,\mathrm{g}$. Our limits on the velocity-averaged DM annihilation cross section into $e^+e^-$ are $\langle σv \rangle \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-28} \left(m_{\rm DM} / \mathrm{MeV} \right)^{2.5}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$. We conclude that analysing isolated targets in the MeV $γ$-ray band can set strong bounds on DM properties without multi-year data sets of the entire Milky Way, and encourage follow-up observations of Ret II and other dwarf galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted
Predictive design of impact absorbers for mitigating resonances of flexible structures using a semi-analytical approach
Creators: name: Theurich, Timo
name: Vakakis, Alexander F.
name: Krack, Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analytical conditions are available for the optimum design of impact absorbers for the case where the host structure is well described as rigid body. Accordingly, the analysis relies on the assumption that the impacts cause immediate dissipation in the contact region, which is modeled in terms of a known coefficient of restitution. When a flexible host structure is considered instead, the impact absorber not only dissipates energy at the time instances of impact, but it inflicts nonlinear energy scattering between structural modes. Hence, it is crucial to account for such nonlinear energy transfers yielding energy redistribution within the modal space of the structure. In the present work, we develop a design approach for reonantly-driven, flexible host structures. We demonstrate decoupling of the time scales of the impact and the resonant vibration. On the long time scale, the dynamics can be properly reduced to the fundamental harmonic of the resonant mode. A light impact absorber responds to this enforced motion, and we recover the Slow Invariant Manifold of the dynamics for the regime of two impacts per period. On the short time scale, the contact mechanics and elasto-dynamics must be finely resolved. We show that it is sufficient to run a numerical simulation of a single impact event with adequate pre-impact velocity. From this simulation, we derive a modal coefficient of restitution and the properties of the contact force pulse, needed to approximate the behavior on the long time scale. We establish that the design problem can be reduced to four dimensionless parameters and demonstrate the approach for the numerical example of a cantilevered beam with an impact absorber. We conclude that the proposed semi-analytical procedure enables deep qualitative understanding of the problem and, at the same time, yields a quantitatively accurate prediction of the optimum design.
description: The final version of this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116527
Quantification of the bond-angle dispersion by Raman spectroscopy and the strain energy of amorphous silicon
Creators: name: Roura, P.
name: Farjas, J.
name: Cabarrocas, P. Roca i
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thorough critical analysis of the theoretical relationships between the bond-angle dispersion in a-Si and the width of the transverse optical (TO) Raman peak is presented. It is shown that the discrepancies between them are drastically reduced when unified definitions for these magnitudes are used. This reduced dispersion in the predicted values of the bond-angle dispersion together with the broad agreement with its scarce direct determinations is then used to analyze the strain energy in partially relaxed pure a-Si. It is concluded that defect annihilation does not contribute appreciably to reducing the a-Si energy during structural relaxation. In contrast, it can account for half of the crystallization energy, which can be as low as 7 kJ/mol in defect-free a-Si.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys
Chemical and magnetic impurity effects on electronic properties of semiconductor quantum wires
Creators: name: Saffarzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of electronic states in magnetic and nonmagnetic semiconductor quantum wires. The effects of chemical and magnetic disorder at paramagnetic temperatures are investigated in single-site coherent potential approximation. It is shown that the nonmagnetic impurity shifts the band of carriers and suppresses the van Hove singularities of the local density of states (LDOS) depending on the value of impurity concentration. The magnetic impurity, however, broadens the band which depends on the strength of exchange coupling, and in the high impurity concentration, the van Hove singularities in the LDOS can completely disappear and the curves become smooth.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Quantum spin Hall effect in a transition metal oxide Na2IrO3
Creators: name: Shitade, Atsuo
name: Katsura, Hosho
name: Kunes, Jan
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the electronic states in a $5d$ transition metal oxide Na$_2$IrO$_3$, in which both the spin-orbit interaction and the electron correlation play crucial roles. Tight-binding model analysis together with the fisrt-principles band structure calculation predicts that this material is a layered quantum spin Hall system. Due to the electron correlation, an antiferromagnetic order first develops at the edge, and later inside the bulk at low temperatures.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Observational evidence points at AGB stars as possible progenitors of CEMP-s & r/s stars
Creators: name: Purandardas, Meenakshi
name: Goswami, Aruna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Origin of enhanced abundance of heavy elements observed in the surface chemical composition of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars still remain poorly understood. Here, we present detailed abundance analysis of seven CEMP stars based on high resolution (R${\sim}$ 50\,000) spectra that reveal enough evidence of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars being possible progenitors for these objects. For the objects HE0110$-$0406, HE1425$-$2052 and HE1428$-$1950, we present for the first time a detailed abundance analysis. Our sample is found to consists of one metal-poor ([Fe/H]$
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
On the optimality of gluing over scales
Creators: name: Jaffe, Alexander
name: Lee, James R.
name: Moharrami, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for every $α> 0$, there exist $n$-point metric spaces (X,d) where every "scale" admits a Euclidean embedding with distortion at most $α$, but the whole space requires distortion at least $Ω(\sqrt{α\log n})$. This shows that the scale-gluing lemma [Lee, SODA 2005] is tight, and disproves a conjecture stated there. This matching upper bound was known to be tight at both endpoints, i.e. when $α= Θ(1)$ and $α= Θ(\log n)$, but nowhere in between. More specifically, we exhibit $n$-point spaces with doubling constant $λ$ requiring Euclidean distortion $Ω(\sqrt{\log λ\log n})$, which also shows that the technique of "measured descent" [Krauthgamer, et. al., Geometric and Functional Analysis] is optimal. We extend this to obtain a similar tight result for $L_p$ spaces with $p > 1$.
description: minor revisions
No es lo que parece
Creators: name: Velasquez Acebey, Vanessa Gladys
name: Irigoyen Otiñano, María
name: Velasquez Centellas, Jaime
name: Nicolau Subires, Eugenia
Publisher: name: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría
Year: 2023

description: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría, Núm. 27 (2023): octubre-noviembre-diciembre
Piecewise Linear De-skewing for LiDAR Inertial Odometry
Creators: name: Henawy, John
name: Li, Zhengguo
name: Yau, Wei Yun
name: Seet, Gerald
name: Wan, Kong Wah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) on a moving agent could suffer from motion distortion due to simultaneous rotation of the LiDAR and fast movement of the agent. An accurate piecewise linear de skewing algorithm is proposed to correct the motion distortions for LiDAR inertial odometry (LIO) using high frequency motion information provided by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be adopted to improve the performance of existing LIO algorithms especially in cases of fast movement.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication by IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2021)
Estrategia de salud mental para mujeres que viven con VIH y que consumen drogas de la Clínica Especializada Condesa de la Ciudad de México.
Creators: name: López García, Natalia
Publisher: name: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría
Year: 2023

description: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría, Núm. 27 (2023): octubre-noviembre-diciembre
Grade Guard: A Smart System for Short Answer Automated Grading
Creators: name: Dadu, Niharika
name: Singh, Harsh Vardhan
name: Banerjee, Romi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: The advent of large language models (LLMs) in the education sector has provided impetus to automate grading short answer questions. LLMs make evaluating short answers very efficient, thus addressing issues like staff shortage. However, in the task of Automated Short Answer Grading (ASAG), LLM responses are influenced by diverse perspectives in their training dataset, leading to inaccuracies in evaluating nuanced or partially correct answers. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework, Grade Guard.
 1. To enhance the task-based specialization of the LLMs, the temperature parameter has been fine-tuned using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
 2. Unlike traditional approaches, LLMs in Grade Guard compute an Indecisiveness Score (IS) along with the grade to reflect uncertainty in predicted grades.
 3. Introduced Confidence-Aware Loss (CAL) to generate an optimized Indecisiveness Score (IS).
 4. To improve reliability, self-reflection based on the optimized IS has been introduced into the framework, enabling human re-evaluation to minimize incorrect grade assignments.
 Our experimentation shows that the best setting of Grade Guard outperforms traditional methods by 19.16% RMSE in Upstage Solar Pro, 23.64% RMSE in Upstage Solar Mini, 4.00% RMSE in Gemini 1.5 Flash, and 10.20% RMSE in GPT 4-o Mini. Future work includes improving interpretability by generating rationales for grades to enhance accuracy. Expanding benchmark datasets and annotating them with domain-specific nuances will enhance grading accuracy. Finally, analyzing feedback to enhance confidence in predicted grades, reduce biases, optimize grading criteria, and personalize learning while supporting multilingual grading systems will make the solution more accurate, adaptable, fair, and inclusive.
description: 11 pages, 18 figures
Warren Smith House, Ocean Avenue
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings

description: This image is of the Warren Smith house located on Ocean Avenue in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Planets in Globular Clusters?
Creators: name: Sigurdsson, Steinn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of planets around PSR~1257+12 suggests that planetary systems may be detected around the recycled pulsars found in globular clusters. Planetary systems in dense clusters have lifetimes to disruption due to perturbations by passing stars comparable to or shorter than the pulsar lifetime, and observations of planets in the cores of clusters may reveal planetary systems formally dynamically unstable on time scales short compared to the characteristic age, $τ_c$, of the system. Planets formed around cluster pulsars will most likely be restricted to semi--major axis of $\sim 0.1-1.0\, AU$, while "scavenged" planets may be observed in wider orbits, with no stable systems expected in the densest clusters. Observation is most probable in the cluster rich high--density pre-core collapse clusters such as 47Tuc. Detection of planets around cluster pulsars can constrain planet formation mechanisms, in particular the effects of low metallicity on planet formation in disks.
description: This is a paper from 1992 distributed on arXiv with permission from AAS. This is a test of the robustness of the new arXiv submission system and TeX engine
Selecting applications for funding: why random choice is better than peer review
Creators: name: Gillies, Donald
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014
Subjects: peer review; research funding; random choice

description: A widely-used method of research funding is through competitive grants, where the selection of which of the applications to fund is made using anonymous peer review.  The aim of the present paper is to argue that the system would work more efficiently if the selection were made by random choice rather than peer review.  The peer review system has defects which have been revealed by recent criticisms, and the paper gives one such criticism due to the Nobel prize winner Sir James Black.  It is then shown, in support of Sir James' position, that the use of anonymous peer review leads to a systemic bias in favour of mainstream research programmes and against minority research programmes.  This in turn leads to the stifling of new ideas and of innovation.  This thesis is illustrated by the example of the recent discovery of the cause of cervical cancer – a discovery which has generated substantial profits for pharmaceutical companies.  It is then shown that selection by random choice eliminates this systemic bias, and consequently would encourage new ideas and innovation
description: RT. A Journal on Research Policy and Evaluation, Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Totally geodesic submanifolds of the exceptional Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2
Creators: name: Klein, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C35, 53C17

description: The present article is the final part of a series on the classification of the totally geodesic submanifolds of the irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2. After this problem has been solved for the 2-Grassmannians in my previous papers cited in the present paper as [K1] and [K2], and for the space SU(3)/SO(3) in [K3], Section 6, we now solve the classification for the remaining irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2 and compact type: SU(6)/Sp(3), SO(10)/U(5), E6/(U(1)*Spin(10)), E6/F4, G2/SO(4), SU(3), Sp(2) and G2. Similarly as for the spaces already investigated in the earlier papers, it turns out that for many of the spaces investigated here, the earlier classification of the maximal totally geodesic submanifolds of Riemannian symmetric spaces by Chen and Nagano ([CN], Paragraph 9) is incomplete. In particular, in the spaces Sp(2), G2/SO(4) and G2, there exist maximal totally geodesic submanifolds, isometric to 2- or 3-dimensional spheres, which have a "skew" position in the ambient space in the sense that their geodesic diameter is strictly larger than the geodesic diameter of the ambient space. They are all missing from [CN].
description: 62 pages; 3 Maple worksheets with calculations used in the paper
Ways of Monsoon Air: Entanglements and Stories of Matter, Space, and Time
Creators: name: Seetharama Bhat, Harshavardhan
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2021

description: The air of the monsoon is a powerful force of matter that makes, co-constitutes and is made by its many worlds. Having emerged from the context of the Monsoon Assemblages project, this doctoral thesis asks how the air of the monsoon re-orients, informs, animates and confronts the way we view Delhi and how the city animates, opens up and assists in the distribution of its matter and politics through the monsoon. Through the process of the work, the thesis travels to a variety of locations, temporalities, matters and times to engage with the sticky complexity of the liveliness of (and living because of) monsoonal atmosphere. I develop something that I call A Monsoon Air Methodology which I propose is a way of meandering with and because of monsoonal capacities and forms – in inviting generosity of the way different knowledges view the monsoon, and letting monsoonal sway mediate those stories – in concluding that the monsoon is a knowledge system too. Enveloped between an introduction with notes for a methodology and a conclusion are three chapters. They are about the winter haze, an invasive plant species and the question of the death of monsoonal time – amidst a range of linkages and materials. The work is very interdisciplinary and gathers a variety of methods and approaches in engaging and deepening an understanding of the role of the monsoon and anthropogenic materiality as they agentially mingle in the co-production of narrative, writing, worlds, possibilities, pasts and the broader implication of monsoonal thought – investing in its opacity, survivability, uncertainity, multispecies ecology and permeation. Through this work, I ask how thinking and sensing through the monsoon and its ways – can open up, share, distribute and make insights of matters, places and times, for liveability, in these precarious troubles of the Anthropocene.
Molecular Gas in Submillimetre-Faint, Star-Forming Ultraluminous Galaxies at z>1
Creators: name: Casey, C. M.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Neri, R.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Smail, I.
name: Coppin, K.
name: Greve, T. R.
name: Bothwell, M. S.
name: Beswick, R. J.
name: Blain, A. W.
name: Cox, P.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Muxlow, T. W. B.
name: Omont, A.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] We present interferometric CO observations of twelve z~2 submillimetre-faint, star-forming radio galaxies (SFRGs) which are thought to be ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) possibly dominated by warmer dust (T_dust ~> 40 K) than submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) of similar luminosities. Four other CO-observed SFRGs are included from the literature, and all observations are taken at the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the compact configuration. Ten of the sixteen SFRGs observed in CO (63%) are detected at >4sigma with a mean inferred molecular gas mass of ~2*10^10 M_sun. SFRGs trend slightly above the local ULIRG L_FIR-L'_CO relation. Since SFRGs are about two times fainter in radio luminosity but exhibit similar CO luminosities to SMGs, this suggests SFRGs are slightly more efficient star formers than SMGs at the same redshifts. SFRGs also have a narrow mean CO line width, 320+-80km/s. SFRGs bridge the gap between properties of very luminous >5*10^12 L_sun SMGs and those of local ULIRGs and are consistent with intermediate stage major mergers. We suspect that more moderate-luminosity SMGs, not yet surveyed in CO, would show similar molecular gas properties to SFRGs. The AGN fraction of SFRGs is consistent with SMGs and is estimated to be 0.3+-0.1, suggesting that SFRGs are observed near the peak phase of star formation activity and not in a later, post-SMG enhanced AGN phase. This CO survey of SFRGs serves as a pilot project for the much more extensive survey of Herschel and SCUBA-2 selected sources which only partially overlap with SMGs. Better constraints on CO properties of a diverse high-z ULIRG population are needed from ALMA to determine the evolutionary origin of extreme starbursts, and what role ULIRGs serve in catalyzing the formation of massive stellar systems in the early Universe.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures; MNRAS accepted
Client anxiety level and the treatment of the unassertive individual
Creators: name: Safran, Jeremy David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that in the context of assertion training, client anxiety will interact with treatment modality in such a fashion that high anxiety individuals will benefit more from a cognitively oriented treatment than traditional skills training procedures, whereas low anxiety individuals will obtain equivalent therapeutic gain from the two treatment approaches. Twenty-eight male and female college undergraduates seeking assertion training were dichotimized into low and high anxiety categories on the basis of the discomfort scale of Gambrill and Richey's Assertion Inventory. Subjects within both categories were then randomly assigned to two treatment conditions: behavioural skills training (ST), and cognitive behaviour modification (CBM). The ST condition included components of instruction, modelling, social feedback, and behavioural rehearsal. The CBM procedure was derived originally from the self-instructional training procedure employed by Meichenbaum in the treatment of test anxiety. It included components of didactic presentation, training in the discrimination and systematic observation of self-statements, training in the modification of maladaptive cognitive processes, and the implementation of cognitive coping strategies and task-relevant self-statements. Both treatment conditions were run in a group format and consisted of six, two hour sessions. All subjects were assessed prior to and after treatment on self-report and behavioural measures of assertion and anxiety. Experimental support was obtained for a modified version of the original hypothesis. While high anxiety subjects tended to benefit more from CBM than from ST in the phenomenal realm, this trend was reversed on the behavioural measures where ST was more effective. Results of the study are explained in terms of a theoretical analysis of the nature of anxiety, and implications for future treatment programmes are discussed.
TDM: Trustworthy Decision-Making via Interpretability Enhancement
Creators: name: Lyu, Daoming
name: Yang, Fangkai
name: Kwon, Hugh
name: Dong, Wen
name: Yilmaz, Levent
name: Liu, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human-robot interactive decision-making is increasingly becoming ubiquitous, and trust is an influential factor in determining the reliance on autonomy. However, it is not reasonable to trust systems that are beyond our comprehension, and typical machine learning and data-driven decision-making are black-box paradigms that impede interpretability. Therefore, it is critical to establish computational trustworthy decision-making mechanisms enhanced by interpretability-aware strategies. To this end, we propose a Trustworthy Decision-Making (TDM) framework, which integrates symbolic planning into sequential decision-making. The framework learns interpretable subtasks that result in a complex, higher-level composite task that can be formally evaluated using the proposed trust metric. TDM enables the subtask-level interpretability by design and converges to an optimal symbolic plan from the learned subtasks. Moreover, a TDM-based algorithm is introduced to demonstrate the unification of symbolic planning with other sequential-decision making algorithms, reaping the benefits of both. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of trust-score-based planning while improving the interpretability of subtasks.
Suppression of the commensurate spin-Peierls state in Sc-doped TiOCl
Creators: name: Clancy, J. P.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Castellan, J. P.
name: Rule, K. C.
name: Chou, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed x-ray scattering measurements on single crystals of the doped spin-Peierls compound Ti(1-x)Sc(x)OCl (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03). These measurements reveal that the presence of non-magnetic dopants has a profound effect on the unconventional spin-Peierls behavior of this system, even at concentrations as low as 1%. Sc-doping suppresses commensurate fluctuations in the pseudogap and incommensurate spin-Peierls phases of TiOCl, and prevents the formation of a long-range ordered spin-Peierls state. Broad incommensurate scattering develops in the doped compounds near Tc2 ~ 93 K, and persists down to base temperature (~ 7 K) with no evidence of a lock-in transition. The width of the incommensurate dimerization peaks indicates short correlation lengths on the order of ~ 12 angstroms below Tc2. The intensity of the incommensurate scattering is significantly reduced at higher Sc concentrations, indicating that the size of the associated lattice displacement decreases rapidly as a function of doping.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The eigenspectra of Indian musical drums
Creators: name: Sathej, G.
name: Adhikari, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a family of drums used in the Indian subcontinent, the circular drum head is made of material of non-uniform density. Remarkably, and in contrast to a circular membrane of uniform density, the low eigenmodes of the non-uniform membrane are harmonic. In this work we model the drum head by a non-uniform membrane whose density varies smoothly between two prescribed values. Using a Fourier-Chebyshev spectral collocation method we obtain the eigenmodes and eigenvalues of the drum head. For a suitable choice of parameters, which we find by optimising a cost function, the eigenspectra obtained from our model are in excellent agreement with experimental values. Our model and the numerical method should find application in numerical sound synthesis.
Three-dimensional jamming and flows of soft glassy materials
Creators: name: Ovarlez, Guillaume
name: Barral, Quentin
name: Coussot, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various disordered dense systems such as foams, gels, emulsions and colloidal suspensions, exhibit a jamming transition from a liquid state (they flow) to a solid state below a yield stress. Their structure, thoroughly studied with powerful means of 3D characterization, exhibits some analogy with that of glasses which led to call them soft glassy materials. However, despite its importance for geophysical and industrial applications, their rheological behavior, and its microscopic origin, is still poorly known, in particular because of its nonlinear nature. Here we show from two original experiments that a simple 3D continuum description of the behaviour of soft glassy materials can be built. We first show that when a flow is imposed in some direction there is no yield resistance to a secondary flow: these systems are always unjammed simultaneously in all directions of space. The 3D jamming criterion appears to be the plasticity criterion encountered in most solids. We also find that they behave as simple liquids in the direction orthogonal to that of the main flow; their viscosity is inversely proportional to the main flow shear rate, as a signature of shear-induced structural relaxation, in close similarity with the structural relaxations driven by temperature and density in other glassy systems.
description: http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v9/n2/abs/nmat2615.html
Are hierarchically formed embedded star clusters surviving gas expulsion depending on their initial conditions?
Creators: name: Domínguez, R.
name: Farias, J. P.
name: Fellhauer, M.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dissolution process of young embedded star clusters with different primordial mass segregation levels using fractal distributions by means of N-body simulations. We combine several star clusters in virial and subvirial global states with Plummer and uniform density profiles to mimic the gas. The star clusters have masses of Mstars = 500 Mo which follow an initial mass function where the stars have maximum distances from the centre of r = 1.5 pc. The clusters are placed in clouds which at the same radius have masses of Mcloud = 2000 Mo, resulting in star formation efficiency of 0.2. We remove the background potential instantaneously at a very early phase, mimicking the most destructive scenario of gas expulsion. The evolution of the fraction of bound stellar mass is followed for a total of 16 Myr for simulations with stellar evolution and without. We compare our results with previous works using equal-mass particles where an analytical physical model was used to estimate the bound mass fraction after gas expulsion. We find that independent of the initial condition, the fraction of bound stellar mass can be well predicted just right after the gas expulsion, but tends to be lower at later stages, as these systems evolve due to the stronger two-body interactions resulting from the inclusion of a realistic initial mass function. This discrepancy is independent of the primordial mass segregation level.
description: 15 pages, 23 figures, accepted
Asteria: Deep Learning-based AST-Encoding for Cross-platform Binary Code Similarity Detection
Creators: name: Yang, Shouguo
name: Cheng, Long
name: Zeng, Yicheng
name: Lang, Zhe
name: Zhu, Hongsong
name: Shi, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search across architectures with the increase of critical vulnerabilities in IoT devices. The variety of IoT hardware architectures and software platforms requires to capture semantic equivalence of code fragments in the similarity detection. However, existing approaches are insufficient in capturing the semantic similarity. We notice that the abstract syntax tree (AST) of a function contains rich semantic information. Inspired by successful applications of natural language processing technologies in sentence semantic understanding, we propose a deep learning-based AST-encoding method, named ASTERIA, to measure the semantic equivalence of functions in different platforms. Our method leverages the Tree-LSTM network to learn the semantic representation of a function from its AST. Then the similarity detection can be conducted efficiently and accurately by measuring the similarity between two representation vectors. We have implemented an open-source prototype of ASTERIA. The Tree-LSTM model is trained on a dataset with 1,022,616 function pairs and evaluated on a dataset with 95,078 function pairs. Evaluation results show that our method outperforms the AST-based tool Diaphora and the-state-of-art method Gemini by large margins with respect to the binary similarity detection. And our method is several orders of magnitude faster than Diaphora and Gemini for the similarity calculation. In the application of vulnerability search, our tool successfully identified 75 vulnerable functions in 5,979 IoT firmware images.
The targum (1972:Dec. 1 - 1972:Dec. 18)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1972

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.