cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic band structure of narrow-bandgap p-n nanojunctions in heterostructured nanowires measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy
Creators: name: Zamani, Reza R.
name: Hage, Fredrik S.
name: Eljarrat, Alberto
name: Namazi, Luna
name: Ramasse, Quentin M.
name: Dick, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic band structure of complex nanostructured semiconductors has a considerable effect on the final electronic and optical properties of the material and, ultimately, on the functionality of the devices incorporating them. Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) provides the possibility of measuring this property of semiconductors with high spatial resolution. However, it still represents a challenge for narrow-bandgap semiconductors, since an electron beam with low energy spread is required. Here we demonstrate that by means of monochromated VEELS we can study the electronic band structure of narrow-gap materials GaSb and InAs in the form of heterostructured nanowires, with bandgap values down to 0.5 eV, especially important for newly developed structures with unknown bandgaps. Using complex heterostructured InAs-GaSb nanowires, we determine a bandgap value of 0.54 eV for wurtzite InAs. Moreover, we directly compare the bandgaps of wurtzite and zinc-blende polytypes of GaSb in a single nanostructure, measured here as 0.84 and 0.75 eV, respectively. This allows us to solve an existing controversy in the band alignment between these structures arising from theoretical predictions. The findings demonstrate the potential of monochromated VEELS to provide a better understanding of the band alignment at the heterointerfaces of narrow-bandgap complex nanostructured materials with high spatial resolution. This is especially important for semiconductor device applications where even the slightest variations of the electronic band structure at the nanoscale can play a crucial role in their functionality.
Study of the process e+e- -> omega pi0 in the phi-meson mass region with the KLOE detector
Creators: name: The KLOE Collaboration
name: Ambrosino, F.
name: Antonelli, A.
name: Antonelli, M.
name: Archilli, F.
name: Beltrame, P.
name: Bencivenni, G.
name: Bertolucci, S.
name: Bini, C.
name: Bloise, C.
name: Bocchetta, S.
name: Bossi, F.
name: Branchini, P.
name: Campana, P.
name: Capon, G.
name: Capussela, T.
name: Ceradini, F.
name: Ciambrone, P.
name: Crucianelli, F.
name: De Lucia, E.
name: De Santis, A.
name: De Simone, P.
name: De Zorzi, G.
name: Denig, A.
name: Di Domenico, A.
name: Di Donato, C.
name: Di Micco, B.
name: Dreucci, M.
name: Felici, G.
name: Ferrer, M. L.
name: Fiore, S.
name: Franzini, P.
name: Gatti, C.
name: Gauzzi, P.
name: Giovannella, S.
name: Graziani, E.
name: Kluge, W.
name: Lanfranchi, G.
name: Lee-Franzini, J.
name: Leone, D.
name: Martini, M.
name: Massarotti, P.
name: Meola, S.
name: Miscetti, S.
name: Moulson, M.
name: Müller, S.
name: Murtas, F.
name: Napolitano, M.
name: Nguyen, F.
name: Palutan, M.
name: Pasqualucci, E.
name: Passeri, A.
name: Patera, V.
name: Perfetto, F.
name: Santangelo, P.
name: Sciascia, B.
name: Sciubba, A.
name: Sibidanov, A.
name: Spadaro, T.
name: Testa, M.
name: Tortora, L.
name: Valente, P.
name: Venanzoni, G.
name: Versaci, R.
name: Xu, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the e+e- -> omegapi0 cross section in the sqrt(s) interval 1000-1030 MeV using the pi+pi-pi0pi0 and pi0pi0gamma final states with a sample of ~600 pb^-1 collected with the KLOE detector at DAFNE. By fitting the observed interference pattern around M_phi for both final states, we extract the ratio of the decay widths Gamma(omega->pi0gamma)/Gamma(omega->pi+pi-pi0) = 0.0897 +- 0.0016 and derive the branching fractions BR(omega -> pi+pi-pi0)= (90.24 +- 0.19)%, BR(omega -> pi0gamma) = (8.09 +- 0.14)%. The parameters describing the e+e- -> omegapi0 reaction around M_ϕare also used to extract the branching fraction for the OZI and G-parity violating phi -> omegapi0 decay: BR(phi->omegapi0) = (4.4 +- 0.6)x10^-5.
description: 12 Pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics Letter B
Self-assembly of polyhedral bilayer vesicles from Piezo ion channels
Creators: name: Ma, Mingyuan
name: Haselwandter, Christoph A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Piezo ion channels underlie many forms of mechanosensation in vertebrates, and have been found to bend the membrane into strongly curved dome shapes. We develop here a methodology describing the self-assembly of lipids and Piezo into polyhedral bilayer vesicles. We validate this methodology for bilayer vesicles formed from bacterial mechanosensitive channels of small conductance, for which experiments found a polyhedral arrangement of proteins with snub cube symmetry and a well-defined characteristic vesicle size. On this basis, we calculate the self-assembly diagram for polyhedral bilayer vesicles formed from Piezo. We find that the radius of curvature of the Piezo dome provides a critical control parameter for the self-assembly of Piezo vesicles, with high abundances of Piezo vesicles with octahedral, icosahedral, and snub cube symmetry with increasing Piezo dome radius of curvature.
description: Submitted for publication in Physical Review E
High Efficiency Copper Electroplated Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Hernández, J.L.
name: Adachi, D.
name: Yoshikawa, K.
name: Schroos, D.
name: Van Assche, E.
name: Feltrin, A.
name: Valckx, N.
name: Menou, N.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Yoshimi, M.
name: Uto, T.
name: Uzu, H.
name: Hino, M.
name: Kawasaki, H.
name: Kanematsu, M.
name: Nakano, K.
name: Mishima, R.
name: Kuchiyama, T.
name: Koizumi, G.
name: Allebé, C.
name: Terashita, T.
name: Hiraishi, M.
name: Nakanishi, N.
name: Yamamoto, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 655-656
description: In this work, we present the latest result of the Cu electroplated heterojunction by Kaneka Corporation.
The top electrode on heterojunction crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells usually defined by silver screen printing is
replaced with a copper metallization scheme that has the potential to reduce the manufacturing cost while improving
the heterojunction performance. We show the progress on the heterojunction c-Si solar cells by Kaneka and report on
heterojunction c-Si solar cells on 6 inch wafers with a conversion efficiency of 23.5% independently confirmed by
ISE-CALLAB (Voc = 737 mV, Jsc = 39.97 mA/cm2, FF = 79.77%). Heat-damp reliability tests show comparable
performance for mini-modules fabricated with copper metalized as for conventional silver screen printed
heterojunction c-Si solar cells.
Current and Voltage Enhancement with Embedded Superlattices in Planar Series Connected p-i-n Cells
Creators: name: Varonides, A.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 487-490
description: We propose deconstructing a vertical p-n/TJ//p-n
double-cell device into a series connected twocell
configuration with similar designs targeting
both voltage increase and incident spectrum
range widening. Photo-generated currents in the
two p-n junctions form a continuous flow, while
voltage enhancement occurs due to the series
connection. Photo-excitation and (reduced)
recombination occur independently in both cells
which are designed for both visible and infrared
absorption. Immediate advantages of the
proposed geometry are: (a) voltage output
increase due to series connection (as in regular
MJ cells) (b) no photon shadowing effects (c) no
need for tunnel junctions and (d) flexibility in
connecting more than one units in an IC fashion
(integrated photovoltaics. For two series
connected AlGaAs/GaAs/Ge with short
superlattices embedded in both, we predict
voltage doubling with ideal current matching,
and collection efficiency in excess of 44%
(X=100 suns) and a collection effici3ncy in
excess of 40%.
The Detectability of Binary Star Planetary and Brown Dwarf Companions From Eclipse Timing Variations
Creators: name: Getley, A. K.
name: Carter, B.
name: King, R.
name: O'Toole, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we determine the detectability of eclipsing binary star companions from eclipse timing variations using the Kepler mission dataset. Extensive and precise stellar time-series photometry from space-based missions enable searches for binary star companions. However, due to the large datasets and computational resources involved, these searches would benefit from guidance from detection simulations. Our simulations start with and benefit from the use of empirical Kepler mission data, into which we inject third bodies to predict the resulting timing of binary star eclipses. We find that the orbital eccentricity of the third body and the orbital period of the host binary star are the key factors in detecting companions. Target brightness is also likely to be a factor in detecting companions. Detectable third body masses and periods can be efficiently bound using just two equations. Our results enable the setting of realistic expectations when planning searches for eclipsing binary star planetary and brown dwarf companions. Our results also suggest the brown dwarf desert is real rather than observational selection.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Disulfiram use is associated with lower risk of COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.
Creators: name: Fillmore, Nathanael
name: Bell, Steven
name: Shen, Ciyue
name: Nguyen, Vinh
name: La, Jennifer
name: Dubreuil, Maureen
name: Strymish, Judith
name: Brophy, Mary
name: Mehta, Gautam
name: Wu, Hao
name: Lieberman, Judy
name: Do, Nhan
name: Sander, Chris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Effective, low-cost therapeutics are needed to prevent and treat COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 disease is linked to excessive inflammation. Disulfiram is an approved oral drug used to treat alcohol use disorder that is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and an inhibitor of the viral proteases. We investigated the potential effects of disulfiram on SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity in an observational study using a large database of clinical records from the national US Veterans Affairs healthcare system. A multivariable Cox regression adjusted for demographic information and diagnosis of alcohol use disorder revealed a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with disulfiram use at a hazard ratio of 0.66 (34% lower risk, 95% confidence interval 24-43%). There were no COVID-19 related deaths among the 188 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients treated with disulfiram, in contrast to 5-6 statistically expected deaths based on the untreated population (P = 0.03). Our epidemiological results suggest that disulfiram may contribute to the reduced incidence and severity of COVID-19. These results support carefully planned clinical trials to assess the potential therapeutic effects of disulfiram in COVID-19.
N2-H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges at low pressure. Part I. Experimental results: effect of the H2 amount on electrons, positive ions and ammonia formation
Creators: name: Chatain, Audrey
name: Jiménez-Redondo, Miguel
name: Vettier, Ludovic
name: Guaitella, Olivier
name: Carrasco, Nathalie
name: Alves, Luis Lemos
name: Marques, Luis
name: Cernogora, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mixing of N2 with H2 leads to very different plasmas from pure N2 and H2 plasma discharges. Numerous issues are therefore raised involving the processes leading to ammonia (NH3) formation. The aim of this work is to better characterize capacitively-coupled radiofrequency plasma discharges in N2 with few percents of H2 (up to 5 pct), at low pressure (0.3 to 1 mbar) and low coupled power (3 to 13 W). Both experimental measurements and numerical simulations are performed. For clarity, we separated the results in two complementary parts. The actual one (first part), presents the details on the experimental measurements, while the second focuses on the simulation, a hybrid model combining a 2D fluid module and a 0D kinetic module. Electron density is measured by a resonant cavity method. It varies from 0.4 to 5e9 cm-3, corresponding to ionization degrees from 2e-8 to 4e-7. Ammonia density is quantified by combining IR absorption and mass spectrometry. It increases linearly with the amount of H2 (up to 3e13 cm-3 at 5 pct H2). On the contrary, it is constant with pressure, which suggests the dominance of surface processes on the formation of ammonia. Positive ions are measured by mass spectrometry. Nitrogen-bearing ions are hydrogenated by the injection of H2, N2H+ being the major ion as soon as the amount of H2 is larger than 1 pct. The increase of pressure leads to an increase of secondary ions formed by ion (or radical) - neutral collisions (ex: N2H+, NH4+, H3+), while an increase of the coupled power favours ions formed by direct ionization (ex: N2+, NH3+, H2+).
description: 32 pages, 13+10 figures
Out-of-equilibrium relaxation of the Edwards-Wilkinson elastic line
Creators: name: Bustingorry, Sebastian
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
name: Iguain, José Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium relaxation of an elastic line described by the Edwards-Wilkinson equation. Although this model is the simplest representation of interface dynamics, we highlight that many (not though all) important aspects of the non-equilibrium relaxation of elastic manifolds are already present in such quadratic and clean systems. We analyze in detail the aging behaviour of several two-times averaged and fluctuating observables taking into account finite-size effects and the crossover to the stationary and equilibrium regimes. We start by investigating the structure factor and extracting from its decay a growing correlation length. We present the full two-times and size dependence of the interface roughness and we generalize the Family-Vicsek scaling form to non-equilibrium situations. We compute the incoherent cattering function and we compare it to the one measured in other glassy systems. We analyse the response functions, the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the aging regime, and its crossover to the equilibrium relation in the stationary regime. Finally, we study the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of the previously studied two-times functions and we characterize the scaling properties of their probability distribution functions. Our results allow us to obtain new insights into other glassy problems such as the aging behavior in colloidal glasses and vortex glasses.
description: 33 pages, 16 figs
Progress in Nickel Silicide Formation Using Excimer Laser Annealing: A Simulation Study
Creators: name: Lerat, J.F.
name: Tous, L.
name: Negru, R.
name: Huet, K.
name: Emeraud, T.
name: John, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1409-1412
description: In this work, we used a finite element model to simulate a novel nickel silicide formation process based
on Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA). We evaluate the robustness of this new metallization process scheme that is selfaligned
and compatible with shallow emitters. Study structures have been irradiated by ELA at several densities of
energy, and also modelled into the simulation program. The results were compared and we suggest an explanation for
the nickel silicidation process. The simulation results show a strong dependence of the energy density threshold to
melt silicon with the thickness of the studied capping layer: Ni or SiNx. This is directly related to the reflectance of
the stacks at the wavelength of the UV laser, but also to the thermal conductivity K and heat capacity cp of the
materials. Phosphorus profiles after ELA can be predicted but the model still needs a calibration to match perfectly
with the experience. A process path for self-aligned NiSi alloying with Excico laser system through full sheet ELA on
real solar cells has been found. This has been confirmed with the realization of PERC cells with conversion efficiency
up to 20%.
Towards the Lambertian Limit in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells with Photonic Structures
Creators: name: Andreani, L.C.
name: Bozzola, A.
name: Kowalczewski, P.A.
name: Liscidini, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 491-496
description: We theoretically investigate light trapping in thin film crystalline silicon solar cells with ordered and
disordered photonic structures using the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis formalism. The general aspects of these
two complementary optical designs are presented, focusing on the absorption in the active material and on the
resulting photo generated current, which are assumed as the figures of merit. A comparison with the Lambertian limit
to light trapping for the 1D and 2D cases is performed. We show that the diffraction of light and the improved
impedance matching are responsible for the increased efficiency of the photonic devices. These effects are first
investigated in ordered 1D and 2D photonic patterns and in 1D rough scattering surfaces, which are assumed as
prototypes for pure ordered and disordered systems. We then propose a final design consisting of a 1D lattice with
engineered size and position disorder to take advantage of both the approaches. The resulting structures show a broad
band absorption enhancement, which results in higher photocurrent and it is very close to the 1D Lambertian limit.
These results point out that an engineered combination of order and disorder is the optimal solution in terms of
optical design.
The Temperature as the Real Hot Spot Risk Factor at PV-Modules
Creators: name: Wendlandt, S.
name: Giese, A.
name: Drobisch, A.
name: Tornow, D.
name: Hanusch, M.
name: Berghold, J.
name: Krauter, S.
name: Grunow, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3553-3557
description: The hot spot stability is part of the product qualification test sequence of pv modules. Therein the
major challenge is the selection of the cell with the highest hot spot risk. Currently, the electrical properties of the
cells are used as selection criteria, e.g., the highest threshold currents at the point where the bypass diode turns “on”
and/or cells with maximum and minimum values for the parallel resistance. The weak point of this procedure is, that
the cells with a hot spot risk are not ranked by temperature, which may cause a hot spot event. The paper presents the
results of a comparison between the electrical and thermal properties of shadowed solar cells in pv modules. Finally,
an improved hot spot test sequence is presented that shows a better prediction probability for this specific module
failure.
Strong wavefront lemma and counting lattice points in sectors
Creators: name: Gorodnik, Alexander
name: Oh, Hee
name: Shah, Nimish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11H99, 22E40, 22E15

description: We compute the asymptotics of the number of integral quadratic forms with prescribed orthogonal decompositions and, more generally, the asymptotics of the number of lattice points lying in sectors of affine symmetric spaces. A new key ingredient in this article is the strong wavefront lemma, which shows that the generalized Cartan decomposition associated to a symmetric space is uniformly Lipschitz.
Influence of Parasitic Plasma Wrap-Around during Anti-Reflective Coating Deposition on the Formation of an Aluminium Back Surface Field
Creators: name: Krauß, K.
name: Fertig, F.
name: Kohn, N.
name: Rauer, M.
name: Woehl, R.
name: Rein, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1413-1418
description: In industrial screen-printed aluminium-back-surface-field (Al-BSF) silicon solar cells the standard
process for passivating the front surface and optimising its optical properties is the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour
deposition (PECVD) of a silicon nitride anti-reflective coating (SiN-ARC). During PECVD of the front side SiNARC
in an inline, tray-based reactor, the process plasma can wrap-around to the rear side causing a parasitic SiN
deposition. We found, that the thickness of this parasitic SiN layer is in the order of 10 to 30 % of the thickness of the
front side SiN-ARC. A corresponding SiN layer is investigated concerning its impact on the saturation current density
of the aluminium-doped p+-region formed by two commercially available aluminium pastes. The SiN layer caused a
significant decrease in thickness of the p+-region while its saturation current density increased. This implies a loss in
open circuit voltage, which is calculated on the basis of a solar cell model and demonstrated experimentally.
Optimization and Development of a New IBC Process with Only One Diffusion Step
Creators: name: Babics, M.
name: Cortés-Juan, F.
name: Ponce-Alcántara, S.
name: Cubero, O.
name: Sánchez, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1700-1703
description: N type silicon solar cells have attracted increasing levels of interest due to superior behavior regarding
impurities and therefore, higher lifetimes. Because of that, they are good candidates for use in high efficiency solar
cells processes. In particular, nowadays Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) solar cells have reached the highest
efficiencies at industrial level. In the present work, a novel and simpler method is proposed based on the reduction of
the number of furnace steps from the standard three (front surface field, back surface field and emitter) to only one.
For this purpose, phosphorus and boron doped silicon oxide layers using tetra-ethoxy-silane (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) and
deposited by PECVD have been used. Furthermore, we demonstrate that those layers can be simultaneously
employed as passivating and anti reflection coating (ARC). At present, the deposition and diffusion processes are
being optimized to be integrated in an IBC solar cell. Saturation current densities of 118 and 22 fA/cm² have been
achieved on the boron emitter and phosphorus back surface field respectively.
Effects of nutrient patchiness and N:P supply ratios on the ecology and physiology of freshwater phytoplankton
Creators: name: Suttle, Curtis Arnold
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Laboratory and field experiments examined several aspects of the interaction of freshwater phytoplankton species and plankton communities with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient resources. The laboratory studies focused on the following three main areas: 1) effects of nutrient 'patchiness' on phytoplankton community structure; 2) kinetics of phosphate (PO₄⁻³ ) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) uptake of phytoplankton grown under non-steady-state but limiting rates of nutrient supply; 3) the effect of different N:P supply ratios on phytoplankton NH₄⁺ and PO₄⁻³ uptake kinetics and community structure. Nutrient 'patchiness' was simulated by altering the frequency of nutrient addition to cultures. Under conditions of infrequent addition (once per 18 days) dominance shifted to a larger species, and the average cell size of another species increased. Observations of PO₄⁻³ uptake kinetics were not consistent with most other studies where kinetics were determined under steady-state conditions. With respect to PO₄⁻³, the duration over which maximum uptake rates were sustained was species specific. There was a short lag before maximum uptake rates were realized, and whether maximum uptake rates occurred at the lowest or at intermediate dilution rates depended on the time scale over which the uptake measurements were made. NH₄⁺ uptake rates were found to be greatly enhanced during the first few minutes of uptake. When natural plankton assemblages were grown under N:P supply ratios of 5:1, 15:1 and 45:1 (by atoms), the treatments selected for different competitive dominants. An N:P ratio of 45:1 resulted in total dominance by Synechococcus sp.; cultures grown under 5:1 and 15:1 supply ratios were dominated by Synedra radians, Nitzschia holsatica and Scenedesmus sp. NH₄⁺ and PO₄⁻³ uptake kinetics were not the same in cultures grown under different supply ratios, and ratios of saturated PO₄⁻³ to NH₄⁺ uptake rates were a good indicator of the N:P supply ratio under which the cultures were grown. This relationship was used to derive an index termed the Relative Field investigations were conducted on an oligotrophic coastal lake. NH₄⁺ and PO₄⁻³ uptake rates of size fractionated plankton (< and > 3 um), at a range of substrate concentrations, revealed that a large portion of the total uptake (50-90 % and 65-85 % for NH₄⁺ and PO₄⁻³, respectively) was attributable to cells in the < 3 um fraction. In addition, saturating PO₄⁻³, uptake rates of the > 3 um cells were less sensitive to incubation time than smaller cells. The ratio of saturated PO₄⁻³ to NH₄⁺ uptake rates were consistent with nutrient bioassay experiments, and indicated that N:P supply ratios in the lake were in the range where both N and P could be limiting to phytoplankton growth.
On the Correlation Between Atomic Gas and Bars in Galaxies
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhimin
name: Ma, Jun
name: Wu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the correlation between properties of large-scale bars and atomic gas content of galaxies to explore the role of HI gas on bar evolution in galaxies. We show that the absolute bar size depends strongly on total stellar mass of galaxies and does not change significantly with HI gas fraction at fixed stellar mass. Furthermore, the physical size of the bar is small and nearly constant in high Hi gas fraction and low-mass galaxies, and becomes larger with increasing galactic stellar mass in low gas fraction galaxies. When the stellar masses are fixed, the relative bar length normalized to the disk shows a decrease with increasing HI gas fraction due to the larger disks in gas-richer galaxies. We measure the gas deficiency of the samples and find that the gas-rich galaxies have longer and stronger bars compared with the Hi gas-deficient galaxies at fixed stellar mass, especially for the massive ones. When splitting the samples into star forming and quiescent subgroups, the star forming galaxies tend to have longer bars than the quiescent ones at fixed stellar mass and gas deficiency. In addition, our results suggest two different types of bar properties, in which the bars in gas-rich galaxies grow longer but retain similar axial ratio over time, while they grow longer and fatter over time in gas-poor galaxies.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Performance Ratio of a Large PV Power Plants at Different Operation Conditions
Creators: name: Dietrich, A.
name: Rindelhardt, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3967-3970
description: The results of large pv power plants, which usually are initiated as financial investment, are mostly
evaluated by economical criteria. In this paper the operation results of two large pv power plants, located in Germany
and Czech Republic, are analyzed by technical criterions. To analyze the efficiency of energy production of the pv
power plant in selected operation conditions, the databases of monitoring systems were used (one-minute-timestep).
In the following figures different values, e.g. solar irradiation, plant power, the module temperature and the
performance ratio are depicted to show their characteristic behavior. The behavior was analyzed at different seasons
and the environmental conditions, e.g. solar irradiance, temperature and kind of clouding.
Blueprints of The Frederick Gallatin House
Creators: name: Renwick, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Plans
Blueprints
Architectural drawings

description: These images show architectural plans of the Frederick Gallatin House, made by architect James Renwick Jr of New York City. This reproduction, made from its original at the East Hampton Library was collected sometime from 1970 to 1982 as part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Logarithmic Criticality in Transverse Thermoelectric Conductivity of the Ferromagnetic Topological Semimetal CoMnSb
Creators: name: Nakamura, Hiroto
name: Minami, Susumu
name: Tomita, Takahiro
name: Nugroho, Agustinus Agung
name: Nakatsuji, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of our experimental studies on the magnetic, transport and thermoelectric properties of the ferromagnetic metal CoMnSb. Sizable anomalous Hall conductivity $σ_{yx}$ and transverse thermoelectric conductivity $α_{yx}$ are found experimentally and comparable in size to the values estimated from density-functional theory. Our experiment further reveals that CoMnSb exhibits $-T\ln T$ critical behavior in $α_{yx}(T)$, deviating from Fermi liquid behavior $α_{yx}\sim T$ over a decade of temperature between 10 K to 400 K, similar to ferromagnetic Weyl and nodal-line semimetals. Our theoretical calculation for CoMnSb also predicts the $-T\ln T$ behavior when the Fermi energy locates near the Weyl nodes in momentum space.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Condensation transition in the late-time position of a Run-and-Tumble particle
Creators: name: Mori, Francesco
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the position distribution $P(\vec{R},N)$ of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in arbitrary dimension $d$, after $N$ runs. We assume that the constant speed $v>0$ of the particle during each running phase is independently drawn from a probability distribution $W(v)$ and that the direction of the particle is chosen isotropically after each tumbling. The position distribution is clearly isotropic, $P(\vec{R},N)\to P(R,N)$ where $R=|\vec{R}|$. We show that, under certain conditions on $d$ and $W(v)$ and for large $N$, a condensation transition occurs at some critical value of $R=R_c\sim O(N)$ located in the large deviation regime of $P(R,N)$. For $RR_c$ is typically dominated by a `condensate', i.e., a large single run that subsumes a finite fraction of the total displacement (supercritical condensed phase). Focusing on the family of speed distributions $W(v)=α(1-v/v_0)^{α-1}/v_0$, parametrized by $α>0$, we show that, for large $N$, $P(R,N)\sim \exp\left[-Nψ_{d,α}(R/N)\right]$ and we compute exactly the rate function $ψ_{d,α}(z)$ for any $d$ and $α$. We show that the transition manifests itself as a singularity of this rate function at $R=R_c$ and that its order depends continuously on $d$ and $α$. We also compute the distribution of the condensate size for $R>R_c$. Finally, we study the model when the total duration $T$ of the RTP, instead of the total number of runs, is fixed. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations, performed using a constrained Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with precision $\sim 10^{-100}$.
description: 44 pages, 14 figures
Leading singularities in Baikov representation and Feynman integrals with uniform transcendental weight
Creators: name: Dlapa, Christoph
name: Li, Xiaodi
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a leading singularity analysis protocol in Baikov representation, for the searching of Feynman integrals with uniform transcendental (UT) weight. This approach is powered by the recent developments in rationalizing square roots and syzygy computations, and is particularly suitable for finding UT integrals with multiple mass scales. We demonstrate the power of our approach by determining the UT basis for a two-loop diagram with three external mass scales.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
On the structure of Clifford quantum cellular automata
Creators: name: Schlingemann, Dirk-M.
name: Vogts, Holger
name: Werner, Reinhard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study reversible quantum cellular automata with the restriction that these are also Clifford operations. This means that tensor products of Pauli operators (or discrete Weyl operators) are mapped to tensor products of Pauli operators. Therefore Clifford quantum cellular automata are induced by symplectic cellular automata in phase space. We characterize these symplectic cellular automata and find that all possible local rules must be, up to some global shift, reflection invariant with respect to the origin. In the one dimensional case we also find that every uniquely determined and translationally invariant stabilizer state can be prepared from a product state by a single Clifford cellular automaton timestep, thereby characterizing these class of stabilizer states, and we show that all 1D Clifford quantum cellular automata are generated by a few elementary operations. We also show that the correspondence between translationally invariant stabilizer states and translationally invariant Clifford operations holds for periodic boundary conditions.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX
The optical response of artificially twisted MoS$_2$ bilayers
Creators: name: Grzeszczyk, M.
name: Szpakowski, J.
name: Slobodeniuk, A. O.
name: Kazimierczuk, T.
name: Bhatnagar, M.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Kossacki, P.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Babiński, A.
name: Molas, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional layered materials offer the possibility to create artificial vertically stacked structures possessing an additional degree of freedom - $the$ $interlayer$ $twist$. We present a comprehensive optical study of artificially stacked bilayers (BLs) MoS$_2$ encapsulated in hexagonal BN with interlayer twist angle ranging from 0 to 60 degrees using Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopies. It is found that the strength of the interlayer coupling in the studied BLs can be estimated using the energy dependence of indirect emission versus the A$_\textrm{1g}$-E$_\textrm{2g}^1$ energy separation. Due to the hybridization of electronic states in the valence band, the emission line related to the interlayer exciton is apparent in both the natural (2H) and artificial (62$^\circ$) MoS$_2$ BLs, while it is absent in the structures with other twist angles. The interlayer coupling energy is estimated to be of about 50 meV. The effect of temperature on energies and intensities of the direct and indirect emission lines in MoS$_2$ bilayers is also quantified.
description: 15 pages including Appendices
Gravitational dynamics in Bose Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Girelli, Florian
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Sindoni, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analogue models for gravity intend to provide a framework where matter and gravity, as well as their intertwined dynamics, emerge from degrees of freedom that have a priori nothing to do with what we call gravity or matter. Bose Einstein condensates (BEC) are a natural example of analogue model since one can identify matter propagating on a (pseudo-Riemannian) metric with collective excitations above the condensate of atoms. However, until now, a description of the "analogue gravitational dynamics" for such model was missing. We show here that in a BEC system with massive quasi-particles, the gravitational dynamics can be encoded in a modified (semi-classical) Poisson equation. In particular, gravity is of extreme short range (characterized by the healing length) and the cosmological constant appears from the non-condensed fraction of atoms in the quasi-particle vacuum. While some of these features make the analogue gravitational dynamics of our BEC system quite different from standard Newtonian gravity, we nonetheless show that it can be used to draw some interesting lessons about "emergent gravity" scenarios.
description: Replaced with published version. 15 pages, no figures, revtex4. Reference added
Asymptotic Analysis of Kinetic Models of Collective Behavior
Creators: name: Nguyen, Vinh T.
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: In this dissertation, we study the long-time behavior of the solutions of some kinetic equations arising from the studies of collective behavior. Propagation of chaos is a fundamental
question in kinetic theory which enables the reduction of an N-particle description to a single
partial differential equation. In Chapter 1, we prove the propagation of chaos for the classical
Cucker-Smale system and its variant in which the system is additionally forced with Rayleightype friction and self-propulsion force. Moreover, the quantitative estimates of the rate of the
convergence in Wasserstein-2 distance are shown. In Chapter 2, a continuous model of opinion
dynamics is considered. The global well-posedness, the regularity, and asymptotic behavior of
the solution are studied. In Chapter 3, we investigate the long-time behavior of the solution
of a kinetic Fokker-Planck-type equation. The exponential relaxation of the solution to its
equilibrium is proved here.
Moduli Spaces of PU(2)-Instantons on Minimal Class VII Surfaces with b_2=1
Creators: name: Schöbel, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J60, 14J25, 57R57

description: We describe explicitly the moduli spaces $M^{pst}_g(S,E)$ of polystable holomorphic structures $E$ with $\det E\cong K$ on a rank 2 vector bundle $E$ with $c_1(E)=c_1(K)$ and $c_2(E)=0$ for all minimal class VII surfaces $S$ with $b_2(S)=1$ and with respect to all possible Gauduchon metrics $g$. These surfaces $S$ are non-elliptic and non-Kaehler complex surfaces and have recently been completely classified. When $S$ is a half or parabolic Inoue surface, $M^{pst}_g(S,E)$ is always a compact one-dimensional complex disc. When $S$ is an Enoki surface, one obtains a complex disc with finitely many transverse self-intersections whose number becomes arbitrarily large when $g$ varies in the space of Gauduchon metrics. $M^{pst}_g(S,E)$ can be identified with a moduli space of PU(2)-instantons. The moduli spaces of simple bundles of the above type leads to interesting examples of non-Hausdorff singular one-dimensional complex spaces.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
N2-H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges at low pressure. Part II. Modelling results: the relevance of plasma-surface interaction
Creators: name: Jiménez-Redondo, Miguel
name: Chatain, Audrey
name: Guaitella, Olivier
name: Cernogora, Guy
name: Carrasco, Nathalie
name: Alves, Luis Lemos
name: Marques, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present the results of simulations carried out for N2-H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges, running at low pressure (0.3-0.9 mbar), low power (5-20 W), and for amounts of H2 up to 5 pct. Simulations are performed using a hybrid code that couples a two-dimensional time-dependent fluid module, describing the dynamics of the charged particles in the discharge, to a zero-dimensional kinetic module, that solves the Boltzmann equation and describes the production and destruction of neutral species. The model accounts for the production of several vibrationally and electronic excited states, and contains a detailed surface chemistry that includes recombination processes and the production of NHx molecules. The results obtained highlight the relevance of the interactions between plasma and surface, given the role of the secondary electron emission in the electrical parameters of the discharge and the critical importance of the surface production of ammonia to the neutral and ionic chemistry of the discharge.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures
Structure and stability of symptoms in first episode psychosis: a longitudinal network approach.
Creators: name: Griffiths, Siân Lowri
name: Leighton, Samuel P
name: Mallikarjun, Pavan Kumar
name: Blake, Georgina
name: Everard, Linda
name: Jones, Peter
name: Fowler, David
name: Hodgekins, Joanne
name: Amos, Tim
name: Freemantle, Nick
name: Sharma, Vimal
name: Marshall, Max
name: McCrone, Paul
name: Singh, Swaran P
name: Birchwood, Max
name: Upthegrove, Rachel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/699/476/1799
/692/53/2423
article

description: Funder: Department of Health (DH); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000276
description: Early psychosis is characterised by heterogeneity in illness trajectories, where outcomes remain poor for many. Understanding psychosis symptoms and their relation to illness outcomes, from a novel network perspective, may help to delineate psychopathology within early psychosis and identify pivotal targets for intervention. Using network modelling in first episode psychosis (FEP), this study aimed to identify: (a) key central and bridge symptoms most influential in symptom networks, and (b) examine the structure and stability of the networks at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Data on 1027 participants with FEP were taken from the National EDEN longitudinal study and used to create regularised partial correlation networks using the 'EBICglasso' algorithm for positive, negative, and depressive symptoms at baseline and at 12-months. Centrality and bridge estimations were computed using a permutation-based network comparison test. Depression featured as a central symptom in both the baseline and 12-month networks. Conceptual disorganisation, stereotyped thinking, along with hallucinations and suspiciousness featured as key bridge symptoms across the networks. The network comparison test revealed that the strength and bridge centralities did not differ significantly between the two networks (C = 0.096153; p = 0.22297). However, the network structure and connectedness differed significantly from baseline to follow-up (M = 0.16405, p = <0.0001; S = 0.74536, p = 0.02), with several associations between psychosis and depressive items differing significantly by 12 months. Depressive symptoms, in addition to symptoms of thought disturbance (e.g. conceptual disorganisation and stereotyped thinking), may be examples of important, under-recognized treatment targets in early psychosis, which may have the potential to lead to global symptom improvements and better recovery.
Local polarization and valence distribution in LaNiO3/LaMnO3 heterostructures
Creators: name: Anada, Masato
name: Sakaguchi, Satoshi
name: Nagai, Kazuki
name: Kitamura, Miho
name: Horiba, Koji
name: Kumigashira, Hiroshi
name: Wakabayashi, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inside of the electrical double layer at perovskite oxide heterointerfaces is examined. Here, we report the local polarization and valence distribution in LaNiO$_3$/LaMnO$_3$ and LaMnO$_3$/LaNiO$_3$ bilayers on a SrTiO$_3$ (001) substrate. Simultaneous measurements of two aspects of the structure are realized by using Bayesian inference based on resonant- and nonresonant-surface X-ray diffraction data. The results show that the average Mn valences are Mn$^{3.12+}$ and Mn$^{3.19+}$ for the two samples. The intensity of their local electric field is $\sim$1~GV/m and the direction of the field points from LaMnO$_3$ to LaNiO$_3$.
description: 19pages, 4 figures
Concise guide for electronic topological transitions
Creators: name: Varlamov, A. A.
name: Galperin, Y. M.
name: Sharapov, S. G.
name: Yerin, Yuriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short review we pass through the milestones in the studies of the electronic topological transitions (ETT) and focus on some recent applications of the ideas worked out in their classical theory. These are: two-dimensional electron systems, de Haas-van Alphen effect, classification of ETT in multidimensional systems, superconductivity in systems close to ETT, thermoelectricity in heavy-fermion systems, where the cascades of topological changes of Fermi surface (FS) are generated by magnetic field. The history of studies of ETT is inextricably linked with Kharkov school of condensed matter physics, with such names as I.M. Lifshitz, V.G.Bar'yakhtar and many other. Among them is Moisey Isaakovich Kaganov, who contributed much in studies of the role of geometry and topology of FS in physical properties of the metals. Two of the authors (A.V. and Y.G.) had a honor and pleasure to work with "Musik", as all friends called Kaganov; all of us have been learning the niceties of science from his books. "The Fermi surface is the stage on which the drama of the life of the electron is played out" wrote Kaganov and Lifshitz. We devote this work to their memory.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, any comments are welcome