cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the hyper-arid desert soils in Arequipa Peru during four decades of irrigated agriculture
Creators: name: Zuniga, Lucia De Lourdes
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Soil sciences not elsewhere classified
Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)

description: In Peru, nearly 32 million people rely heavily on human-made coastal irrigation agricultural hubs that rely on water from melting glaciers, snowpack, and rain transported by rivers and canals from high in the Andes. However, Peru’s water resources are in a vulnerable state as climate change has shifted rainfall patterns causing glacier retreat affecting nearly the loss of one-third of the glaciers. In recent decades, an increase and expansion of irrigation projects in Peru require agriculture practices to consider environmental impacts directly. Now is the time to explore the sustainability of the desert agroecosystems and understand how different water management practices influence the supporting soil’s health so decision-makers can plan for future change in water resources and any feedbacks to the productivity of the soils. Over the past 40 years, Peru has led some of the largest scale water management projects on earth to convert infertile coastal desert soils into irrigated agricultural land. Still, these efforts can come at a severe local cost with impacts to groundwater quality, salination of the soil, toxic concentrations of trace metals due to evaporation, and overuse of fertilizer and pesticides. This thesis presents a study to assess how drip irrigation impacts desert soil chemistry within one of Peru’s desert irrigation projects in Arequipa’s southern district. We explored a chronosequence of drip irrigation in vineyards of 9-, 16- and 35- years. Results showed that both soil carbon and salinity accumulated progressively over time but that spatial accumulation patterns were influenced by proximity to the irrigation drip line. By 35 years, salinity levels exceeded what would be tolerances for most crops. Trace metals, such as Mn, Zn, and Ni, increased with time under drip irrigation and have significant relationships with Fe, present in the highest concentrations, seemingly controlling the patterns due to co-precipitation. However, no trace metals were found in quantities that would exceed Peru’s limits for agricultural soils. While drip irrigation is considered a water conservation strategy and widely promoted in the region over other irrigation techniques like high water volume furrow irrigation, its use may accelerate localized negative impacts to surface soil health. These progressive changes highlight the need for effective monitoring and salinity mitigation strategies in the region. This project is part of the bilateral technical program between Purdue University and Universidad Nacional San Agustín (UNSA) called the Arequipa Nexus Institute for Food, Water, Energy, and the Environment.
Cyber-Forensic Review of Human Footprint and Gait for Personal Identification
Creators: name: Nagwanshi, Kapil Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4
subject: 68U10

description: The human footprint is having a unique set of ridges unmatched by any other human being, and therefore it can be used in different identity documents for example birth certificate, Indian biometric identification system AADHAR card, driving license, PAN card, and passport. There are many instances of the crime scene where an accused must walk around and left the footwear impressions as well as barefoot prints and therefore, it is very crucial to recovering the footprints from identifying the criminals. Footprint-based biometric is a considerably newer technique for personal identification. Fingerprints, retina, iris and face recognition are the methods most useful for attendance record of the person. This time the world is facing the problem of global terrorism. It is challenging to identify the terrorist because they are living as regular as the citizens do. Their soft target includes the industries of special interests such as defence, silicon and nanotechnology chip manufacturing units, pharmacy sectors. They pretend themselves as religious persons, so temples and other holy places, even in markets is in their targets. These are the places where one can obtain their footprints quickly. The gait itself is sufficient to predict the behaviour of the suspects. The present research is driven to identify the usefulness of footprint and gait as an alternative to personal identification.
Additional file 1 of Diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers to detect acute mesenteric ischaemia in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Reintam Blaser, Annika
name: Starkopf, Joel
name: Björck, Martin
name: Forbes, Alastair
name: Kase, Karri
name: Kiisk, Ele
name: Laisaar, Kaja-Triin
name: Mihnovits, Vladislav
name: Murruste, Marko
name: Mändul, Merli
name: Voomets, Anna-Liisa
name: Tamme, Kadri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Search strategies.
The sequence of prime gaps is graphic
Creators: name: Erdős, Péter L.
name: Harcos, Gergely
name: Kharel, Shubha R.
name: Maga, Péter
name: Mezei, Tamás R.
name: Toroczkai, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05C07, 11N05, Secondary 05C70, 11M26

description: Let us call a simple graph on $n\geq 2$ vertices a prime gap graph if its vertex degrees are $1$ and the first $n-1$ prime gaps. We show that such a graph exists for every large $n$, and in fact for every $n\geq 2$ if we assume the Riemann hypothesis. Moreover, an infinite sequence of prime gap graphs can be generated by the so-called degree preserving growth process. This is the first time a naturally occurring infinite sequence of positive integers is identified as graphic. That is, we show the existence of an interesting, and so far unique, infinite combinatorial object.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX2e; v2: revised version incorporating suggestions by the referee (e.g. the formal remarks below Theorems 2.2 and 2.4 are new)
title: Sea changes: environment and political economy on the North Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Wheeler, William
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Aral Sea, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, environmental change, disaster, climate change, political ecology, fisheries, fishing, postsocialism, Soviet Union, development, entanglement, resilience, vulnerability

description: The Aral Sea regression is globally famous as a devastating ecological disaster, though recently a dam has led to the partial restoration of the North Aral. These ecological changes have overlapped with the collapse of the USSR and resultant political-economic transformations. From ethnographic fieldwork in Aral’sk and fishing villages, and archival research, I argue that the sea’s regression and partial return cannot be analytically separated from political-economic processes of socialism and postsocialism. This study of the entanglements of environmental and political-economic change has, I suggest, implications for anthropological engagements with climate change.

Chapter 1 offers narratives of Soviet irrigation policies (which caused the regression) and of the construction of a socialist fishery, arguing that similar political-economic processes drove both. Chapter 2 explores official responses to the regression, especially importing ocean fish for processing in Aral’sk, and sending fishermen to fish elsewhere in Kazakhstan. Chapters 3 and 4 explore how these practices, and their cessation after the collapse of the USSR, shape local understandings of the regression. I thus decentre the environmental disaster narrative. Part 2 examines post-Soviet projects in the region, arguing that the disaster narrative, though partial, rallied actors and mobilised projects, including the dam, which have to some extent reshaped the region. Part 3 analyses the divergent outcomes of the sea’s return today. No longer embedded in the command economy, the sea is enmeshed in new sets of relations connecting fishermen, private actors, state and markets extending as far as Germany. Catch is limited, but over-quota fishing is widespread. For some fishing villages, this has led to new-found prosperity, with extensive ritual expenditure. However, because over-quota fish cannot be sold openly, they do not reach newly-opened factories in Aral’sk, where the sea is felt to be marginal and the fishing industry figures as a symbol of corruption.
Additional file 1 of Gene-based burden scores identify rare variant associations for 28 blood biomarkers
Creators: name: Aldisi, Rana
name: Hassanin, Emadeldin
name: Sivalingam, Sugirthan
name: Buness, Andreas
name: Klinkhammer, Hannah
name: Mayr, Andreas
name: Fröhlich, Holger
name: Krawitz, Peter
name: Maj, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Behavior and Design of Concrete Frame Corners: Strut-and-Tie Method Approach
Creators: name: Wang, Hwa-Ching
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Structural engineering

description: Reinforced concrete frame corners (that is, knee joints) subjected to closing moments plays an important role of transmitting stress between the two adjoining members. Being categorized as geometric discontinuity regions (D-regions), knee joints cannot be correctly analyzed and designed using traditional sectional analysis procedures. Instead, the strut-and-tie method is particularly suitable for such joints. Although strut-and-tie models provide the means to represent the distribution of stresses within a closing knee joint, questions arise when a curved-bar node is used to model the bar bend of the longitudinal reinforcement at the outer corner. The code-specified design expressions for curved-bar nodes have not been experimentally verified; therefore, the accuracy and conservativeness of the expressions remain unknown. This research project is aimed to provide insights to the proper application of the strut-and-tie method, through the concept of curved-bar nodes, to knee joints under closing moments.

An experimental program consisting of 24 specimens was conducted to investigate the effect of curved-bar nodes on knee joints under closing moments. An evaluation of the code-specified design expressions was included. The results demonstrate that the minimum code-specified bend radius is appropriate. The current requirements related to bond along the bar bend and clear side cover are shown to be conservative. Based on the test results, a procedure for constructing proper strut-and-tie models for closing knee joints is proposed and verified using an evaluation database consisting of 116 knee joint tests from the literature. Compared to other strength predictive methods and the code-specified strut-and-tie method, the proposed strut-and-tie method mitigates unconservativeness and delivers improved accuracy.
In addition to the experimental program and the proposed procedure, non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) using the software ATENA-3D was employed to conduct a parametric analysis as a supplement to the experimental data. Seventy-two numerical models were analyzed to further evaluate the code-specified expressions and the proposed strut-and-tie method. The FEA results are in a good agreement with the experimental observations and corroborate the conclusions from the experimental program regarding current code requirements. Moreover, the parametric analysis further supports the application of the proposed strut-and-tie methodology to knee joints under closing moments.
title: Big Cat: A collection of short stories
Creators: name: Lee, Thomas
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: short stories, realism, Alice Munro, John Cheever, Tobias Wolff

description: Big Cat: A collection of short stories comprises Big Cat, a collection of thirteen short stories, and a critical commentary entitled ‘The challenges of realism in the work of Tobias Wolff, Alice Munro and John Cheever, and in my own practice’.

The critical commentary consists of close readings of three short stories, ‘An Episode in the Life of Professor Brooke’ by Tobias Wolff, ‘Silence’ by Alice Munro and ‘The Swimmer’ by John Cheever, and a final chapter which analyses the stories of Big Cat and reflects on the creative process that produced them.  The overall purpose is to illuminate and reflect on my own fiction, situating it in the context of literary realism.  Referring to the critical work of Raymond Tallis and James Wood in particular, I argue that realism has been wrongly characterised as artistically irrelevant and outmoded and that, on the contrary, it represents the highest and most consistent challenge of fiction.  I use the close readings of Wolff, Munro and Cheever to demonstrate this, and trace the development of my own work in relation to this same challenge.
Additional file 1 of Protein profile analysis of Jilin white goose testicles at different stages of the laying cycle by DIA strategy
Creators: name: Song, Yupu
name: Ma, Jingyun
name: Liu, Qiuyuan
name: Mabrouk, Ichraf
name: Zhou, Yuxuan
name: Yu, Jin
name: Liu, Fengshuo
name: Wang, Jingbo
name: Yu, Zhiye
name: Hu, Jingtao
name: Sun, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Secure multi-party quantum computation protocol for quantum circuits: the exploitation of triply-even quantum error-correcting codes
Creators: name: Mishchenko, Petr A.
name: Xagawa, Keita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Secure multi-party quantum computation (MPQC) protocol is a cryptographic primitive allowing error-free distributed quantum computation to a group of $n$ mutually distrustful quantum nodes even when some quantum nodes disobey the instructions of the protocol. Here we suggest a modified MPQC protocol that adopts unconventional quantum error-correcting codes and as a consequence reduces the number of qubits required for the protocol execution. In particular, the replacement of the self-dual Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error-correcting codes with triply-even ones permits us to avoid the previously indispensable but resource-intensive procedure of the ``magic'' state verification. Besides, since every extra qubit reduces the credibility of physical devices, our suggestion makes the MPQC protocol more accessible for the near-future technology by reducing the number of necessary qubits per quantum node from $n^2 + Θ(r)n$, where $r$ is the security parameter, to $n^2 + 3n$.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Prototype Implementation Of The
 Coar Resource Type Vocabulary In Dspace
Creators: name: Príncipe, Pedro
name: Carvalho, José
name: Saraiva, Ricardo
name: Torres, Nelson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: University of Minho
COAR Vocabulary
Dspace
Vocabulary implementation

description: This presentation was given at COAR 2017 Annual Meeting in Venice (Italy) 8-10 April 2017.
Approximation of semistable bundles on smooth algebraic varieties
Creators: name: Langer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J60

description: We prove some strong results on approximation of strongly semistable bundles with vanishing numerical Chern classes by filtrations, whose quotients are line bundles of similar slope. This generalizes some earlier results of Parameswaran-Subramanian in the curve case and Koley-Parameswaran in the surface case and it confirms the conjecture posed by Koley and Parameswaran.
description: 11 pages
Palatini formulation of the conformally invariant $f\left(R, L_m\right)$ gravity theory
Creators: name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Shahidi, Shahab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the field equations of the conformally invariant models of gravity with curvature-matter coupling, constructed in Weyl geometry, by using the Palatini formalism. We consider the case in which the Lagrangian is given by the sum of the square of the Weyl scalar, of the strength of the field associated to the Weyl vector, and a conformally invariant geometry-matter coupling term, constructed from the matter Lagrangian and the Weyl scalar. After substituting the Weyl scalar in terms of its Riemannian counterpart, the quadratic action is defined in Riemann geometry, and involves a nonminimal coupling between the Ricci scalar and the matter Lagrangian. For the sake of generality, a more general Lagrangian, in which the Weyl vector is nonminmally coupled with an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, is also considered. By varying the action independently with respect to the metric and the connection, the independent connection can be expressed as the Levi-Civita connection of an auxiliary, Ricci scalar and Weyl vector dependent metric, which is related to the physical metric by means of a conformal transformation. The field equations are obtained in both the metric and the Palatini formulations. The cosmological implications of the Palatini field equations are investigated for three distinct models corresponding to different forms of the coupling functions. A comparison with the standard $Λ$CDM model is also performed, and we find that the Palatini type cosmological models can give an acceptable description of the observations.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
sj-pdf-2-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 – Supplemental material for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca
name: Bermel, Robert
name: Cutter, Gary
name: Freedman, Mark S
name: Leist, Thomas P
name: Ma, Xiaoye
name: Kile, Deidre
name: Musch, Bruno
name: Reder, Anthony T
name: Wolinsky, Jerry S
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial by Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Bermel, Gary Cutter, Mark S Freedman, Thomas P Leist, Xiaoye Ma, Deidre Kile, Bruno Musch, Anthony T Reder and Jerry S Wolinsky in Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Re-routing the phenylpropanoid pathway and its implications on plant growth
Creators: name: Villanueva, Fabiola Muro
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: The phenylpropanoid pathway gives rise to a wide variety of specialized metabolites, but the majority of carbon flux going through this pathway is directed towards the synthesis of the lignin monomers: p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. Lignin is a major impediment in biomass saccharification, which negatively affects animal feed and biofuel production. In an effort to improve biomass for the latter purposes, researchers have altered the polymer through genetic manipulations and generated biomass with lower recalcitrance to saccharification; however, in many cases these efforts have resulted in plant dwarfism. To date, we do not have a full understanding of the extent of lignin modifications a plant is able to tolerate without affecting its growth. More importantly, the mechanism that links dwarfism and modifications in lignin content and composition remains unknown. To contribute to answering these questions, we designed a strategy to incorporate a novel monomer into the lignin of Arabidopsis thaliana. We used mutants in genes that code for enzymes and regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway to redirect the pathway’s flux towards the synthesis of p-coumaraldehyde and prevent the incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol. Despite being mutated for the genes typically considered to be required for monolignol biosynthesis, the plants we generated continue to incorporate p-coumaryl alcohol into their lignin. This result suggests that the pathway’s architecture has not been completely elucidated and that there are more enzymes involved in lignification than previously thought. Additionally, we explored the connection between perturbations in phenylpropanoid metabolism and plant growth, by using an inducible system to track the changes in gene expression and metabolism that occur when phenylpropanoid metabolism is restored in a lignin biosynthetic mutant. The use of an inducible system allowed us to not only determine the metabolic processes affected in this mutant, but the proximal sequence of events that lead to restored growth when a functional copy of the mutant gene is induced. Finally, we redirected the flux through the pathway to assess the effects of simultaneously modulating lignin content and composition. Through this project we discovered that redirecting phenylpropanoid flux towards the synthesis of sinapyl alcohol in lignin-deficient mutant backgrounds, results in plant dwarfism. The growth impairment of these mutants can be overcome by providing exogenous coniferyl alcohol, suggesting that dwarfism in these mutants is caused by deficiency in coniferyl alcohol and/or derivatives thereof and not lignin alone. Altogether these projects allowed us to define the cellular processes affected by perturbations in phenylpropanoid homeostasis and the role of other phenylpropanoids besides lignin in this process.
Bogomolov's inequality and Higgs sheaves on normal varieties in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Langer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove Bogomolov's inequality on a normal projective variety in positive characteristic and we use it to show some new restriction theorems and a new boundedness result. Then we redefine Higgs sheaves on normal varieties and we prove restriction theorems and Bogomolov type inequalities for semistable logarithmic Higgs sheaves on some normal varieties in an arbitrary characteristic.
description: 61 pages; v2: 67 pages, corrected errors in restriction theorems for semistability, corrected definitions in 1.2, rewritten Subsection 3.4; v3: 68 pages, some small corrections, added Corollary 3.17
Analysis of Pop-Up Rings for the Fabrication of Giant MEMS Hemispheric Shell Resonators
Creators: name: Jones, Calvin Mitchell
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Electrical engineering not elsewhere classified
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Microtechnology

description: Fabrication of hemispherical structures for application in hemispherical resonator gyro-scopes (HRG) is an integral part of modern sensing systems, especially in relation to space navigation. First, it is important for these structures to be as symmetric as possible in order to accurately track both in-plane and out-of-plane acceleration that occurs in fast moving satellites and space crafts. Next, they need to be larger for easier application in current mm scale systems and to maintain a lower noise floor and high quality factor. The work in this paper introduces a methodology for the analyzation of the micromachining process for larger symmetric hemispherical shell resonators (HSR). This is in order to increase their size while maintaining symmetry through isotropic etching using HNA and the pop-up ring mask design. The implementation of the pop-up ring mask allows for symmetric etching of<111> silicon and larger MEMS structures at a low cost while giving more design control to the user in comparison to alternative designs such as the pinhole. The investigation of how hemispheric structures are affected based on the adjustment of the pop-up ring design serves to both create larger symmetric HSRs and create a better model for future designs and applications. During this investigation, a range of design tests were done to create the hemispherical resonator molds in order to gauge the effectiveness of the pop-up ring changes. These results were then used to develop a method for achieving the desired larger symmetric HSRs.
sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211035376 – Supplemental material for Pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis in France from 2010 to 2015: Incidence, outcomes, and exposure to disease-modifying therapies
Creators: name: Tillaut, Hélène
name: Degrémont, Adeline
name: Kerbrat, Sandrine
name: Roux, Jonathan
name: Le Page, Emmanuelle
name: Mainguy, Christelle
name: Duros, Solène
name: Polard, Elisabeth
name: Leray, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211035376 for Pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis in France from 2010 to 2015: Incidence, outcomes, and exposure to disease-modifying therapies by Hélène Tillaut, Adeline Degrémont, Sandrine Kerbrat, Jonathan Roux, Emmanuelle Le Page, Christelle Mainguy, Solène Duros, Elisabeth Polard and Emmanuelle Leray in Multiple Sclerosis Journal
AN END TO END PIPELINE TO LOCALIZE NUCLEI IN MICROSCOPIC ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO IMAGES
Creators: name: Carvajal, Juan Andres
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Digital processor architectures
Other information and computing sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Determining the locations of nuclei in Zebrafish embryos is crucial for the study of the spatio-temporal behavior of these cells during the development process. With image seg- mentations, not only the location of the cell can be known, but also determine if each pixels is background or part of a nucleus. Traditional image processing techniques have been thor- oughly applied to this problem. These techniques suffer from bad generalization, many times relying on heuristic that apply to a specific type of image to reach a high accuracy when doing pixel by pixel segmentation. In previous work from our research lab, wavelet image segmentation was applied, but heuristics relied on expected nuclei size .Machine learning techniques, and more specifically convolutional neural networks, have recently revolutionized image processing and computer vision in general. By relying on vast amounts of data and deep networks, problems in computer vision such as classification or semantic segmentation have reached new state of the art performance, and these techniques are continuously improving and pushing the boundaries of state of the art.The lack of labeled data to as input to a machine learning model was the main bottleneck. To overcome this, this work utilized Amazon Turk platform. This platform allows users to create a task and give instructions to ‘Workers‘ , which agree to a price to complete each task. The data was preprocessed before being presented to the workers, and revised to make sure it was properly labeled.Once labeled data was ready, the images and its corresponding segmented labels were used to train a U-Net model. In a nutshell, this models takes the input image, and at different scales, maps the image to a smaller vector. From this smaller vector, the model , again at different scales, constructs an image from this vector. During model training, the weights of the model are updated so that the image that is reconstructed minimizes the difference between the label image and the pixel segmentation.We show that this method not only fits better the labeled ground truth image by the workers, but also generalizes well to other images of Zebrafish embryos. Once the model is trained, inference to obtain the segmented image is also orders of magnitude faster than previous techniques, including our previous wavelet segmentation method.
Searching for scalar field dark matter with hyperfine transitions in alkali atoms
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Mansour, A. J.
name: Samsonov, I. B.
name: Weitenberg, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental constants such as masses and coupling constants of elementary particles can have small temporal and spatial variations in the scalar field dark matter model. These variations entail time oscillations of other constants, such as the Bohr and nuclear magnetons, Bohr radius and the hyperfine structure constant. In the presence of an external magnetic field, these oscillations induce hyperfine transitions in atoms and molecules. We determine the probability of magnetic dipole hyperfine transitions, caused by the oscillating fundamental constants, and propose an experiment that could detect the scalar field dark matter through this effect. This experiment may be sensitive to the scalar field and axion dark matter with mass in the range $1\,μ\text{eV}
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; v2: section IV-E added
A supplement to Chebotarev's density theorem
Creators: name: Harcos, Gergely
name: Soundararajan, Kannan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11R42, Secondary 11M41

description: Let $L/K$ be a Galois extension of number fields with Galois group $G$. We show that if the density of prime ideals in $K$ that split totally in $L$ tends to $1/|G|$ with a power saving error term, then the density of prime ideals in $K$ whose Frobenius is a given conjugacy class $C\subset G$ tends to $|C|/|G|$ with the same power saving error term. We deduce this by relating the poles of the corresponding Dirichlet series to the zeros of $ζ_L(s)/ζ_K(s)$.
description: 5 pages, LaTeX2e; v2: revised version incorporating suggestions by the referees (e.g. Remarks 1 and 4 are new); to appear in Science China Mathematics
Impact of freeze-in on dark matter isocurvature
Creators: name: Bellomo, Nicola
name: Berghaus, Kim V.
name: Boddy, Kimberly K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter freeze-in is a compelling cosmological production mechanism in which all or some of the observed abundance of dark matter is generated through feeble interactions it has with the Standard Model. In this work we present the first analysis of freeze-in dark matter fluctuations and consider two benchmark models: freeze-in through the direct decay of a heavy vector boson and freeze-in through pair annihilation of Standard Model particles in the thermal bath. We provide a theoretical framework for determining the impact of freeze-in on curvature and dark matter isocurvature perturbations. We determine freeze-in dark matter fluid properties from first principles, tracking its evolution from its relativistic production to its final cold state, and calculate the evolution of the dark matter isocurvature perturbation. We find that in the absence of initial isocurvature, the freeze-in production of dark matter does not source isocurvature. However, for an initial isocurvature perturbation seeded by inflation, the nonthermal freeze-in process may allow for a fraction of the isocurvature to persist, in contrast to the exponential suppression it receives in the case of thermal dark matter. In either case, the evolution of the curvature mode is unaffected by the freeze-in process. We show sensitivity projections of future cosmic microwave background experiments to the amplitude of uncorrelated, totally anticorrelated, and totally correlated dark matter isocurvature perturbations. From these projections, we infer the sensitivity to the abundance of freeze-in dark matter that sustains some fraction of the primordial isocurvature.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures. V2 provides details of our analysis and fixes a numerical error, which changes our results presented in v1
Additional file 1 of Oral health of people experiencing homelessness in London: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Yusuf, Huda
name: Golkari, Ali
name: Kaddour, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621997349 – Supplemental material for Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception
Creators: name: Hansen, Niels Chr.
name: Kragness, Haley E.
name: Vuust, Peter
name: Trainor, Laurel
name: Pearce, Marcus T.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797621997349 for Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception by Niels Chr. Hansen, Haley E. Kragness, Peter Vuust, Laurel Trainor and Marcus T. Pearce in Psychological Science
On the Role of Fiducial Structures in Minisuperspace Reduction and Quantum Fluctuations in LQC
Creators: name: Mele, Fabio M.
name: Münch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spatially non-compact minisuperpace models, spatial integrals in the Hamiltonian and symplectic form must be regularised by confining them to a finite volume $V_o$, known as the fiducial cell. As this restriction is unnecessary in the complete theory before homogeneous reduction, the physical significance of the fiducial cell has been largely debated, especially in the context of loop quantum cosmology. Understanding its role is in turn essential for assessing the minisuperspace description's validity and its connection to the full theory. In this work we present a systematic procedure for reduction to spatially homogeneous and isotropic minisuperspaces within the canonical framework and apply it to a massive scalar field theory and gravity. Our strategy consists in implementing spatial homogeneity via second-class constraints for discrete field modes over a partitioning of the spatial slice into countably many disjoint cells. The reduced theory's canonical structure is then given by the corresponding Dirac bracket. Importantly, the latter can only be defined on a finite number of cells patched together. This identifies a finite region, the fiducial cell, whose physical size acquires then a precise meaning already at the classical level as the scale over which homogenenity is imposed. Additionally, the procedure allows to track the information lost during reduction and how the error depends on $V_o$. We then move to the quantisation of the classically reduced theories, focusing on the relation between theories for different $V_o$, and study the implications for statistical moments, quantum fluctuations, and semiclassical states. In the case of a quantum scalar field, a subsector of the full quantum field theory where the results from the "first reduced, then quantised" approach can be reproduced is identified and the conditions for this to be a good approximation are also determined.
description: 67 + 14 pages, 4 figures, published version
title: Medialness-based Shape Invariant Feature Transformation
Creators: name: Aparajeya, Prashant
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Shape Psychophysics, 2D Shape Definition, Dominant Points, Medialness Representation, Feature Vector, Information Retrieval, Articulted Movement.

description: This research is about the perception-based medial point description of a natural form (2D static or in movement) as a generic framework for a part-based shape representation, which can then be efficiently used in biological species identification, as well as more general pattern matching and shape movement tasks. We consider recent studies and results in cognitive science that point in similar directions in emphasizing the likely importance of medialness as a core feature used by humans in perceiving shapes in static or dynamic situations. This leads us to define an algorithmic chain composed of the following main steps. The first step is one of fuzzy medialness measurements of 2D segmented objects from intensity images that emphasizes main shape information characteristic of an object's parts, e.g. concavities and folds along a contour. We distinguish interior from exterior shape description. Interior medialness is used to characterise deformations from straightness, corners and necks, while exterior medialness identifies the main concavities and inlands which are useful to verify parts extent and reason about articulation and movement. The second main step consists on defining a feature descriptor, we call ShIFT: Shape Invariant Feature Transform constructed from our proposed medialness­based discrete set, which permits efficient matching tasks when treating very large databases of images containing various types of 2D objects. Our defined shape descriptor ShIFT basically captures elementary shape cues and hence it is able to characterise any 2D shape. In summary, our shape descriptor is strongly footed in results from cognitive psychology while the algorithmic part is influenced by techniques from more traditional computer vision.
A Machine with Short-Term, Episodic, and Semantic Memory Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Taewoon
name: Cochez, Michael
name: François-Lavet, Vincent
name: Neerincx, Mark
name: Vossen, Piek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inspired by the cognitive science theory of the explicit human memory systems, we have modeled an agent with short-term, episodic, and semantic memory systems, each of which is modeled with a knowledge graph. To evaluate this system and analyze the behavior of this agent, we designed and released our own reinforcement learning agent environment, "the Room", where an agent has to learn how to encode, store, and retrieve memories to maximize its return by answering questions. We show that our deep Q-learning based agent successfully learns whether a short-term memory should be forgotten, or rather be stored in the episodic or semantic memory systems. Our experiments indicate that an agent with human-like memory systems can outperform an agent without this memory structure in the environment.
Black hole solutions in the quadratic Weyl conformal geometric theory of gravity
Creators: name: Yang, Jin-Zhao
name: Shahidi, Shahab
name: Harko, Tiberiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider numerical black hole solutions in the Weyl conformal geometry, and its associated conformally invariant Weyl quadratic gravity. In this model Einstein gravity (with a positive cosmological constant) is recovered in the spontaneously broken phase of Weyl gravity, after the Weyl gauge field ($ω_μ$) becomes massive through a Stueckelberg mechanism, and it decouples. As a first step in our investigations we write down the conformally invariant gravitational action, containing a scalar degree of freedom, and the Weyl vector. The field equations are derived from the variational principle in the absence of matter. By adopting a static spherically symmetric geometry, the vacuum field equations for the gravitational, scalar, and Weyl fields are obtained. After reformulating the field equations in a dimensionless form, and by introducing a suitable independent radial coordinate, we obtain their solutions numerically. We detect the formation of a black hole from the presence of a Killing horizon for the timelike Killing vector in the metric tensor components, indicating the existence of the singularity in the metric. Several models, corresponding to different functional forms of the Weyl vector, are considered. An exact black hole model, corresponding to a Weyl vector having only a radial spacelike component, is also obtained. The thermodynamic properties of the Weyl geometric type black holes (horizon temperature, specific heat, entropy and evaporation time due to Hawking luminosity) are also analyzed in detail.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
Chaos for endomorphisms of completely metrizable groups and linear operators on Fréchet spaces
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhen
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A16, 37B05

description: Using some techniques from topological dynamics, we give a uniform treatment of Li-Yorke chaos, mean Li-Yorke chaos and distributional chaos for continuous endomorphisms of completely metrizable groups, and characterize three kinds of chaos (resp. extreme chaos) in terms of the existence of the so-called semi-irregular points (resp. irregular points). We exhibit some examples of inner automorphisms of Polish groups to illustrate the results. We also apply our results to the chaos theory of continuous linear operators on Fréchet spaces, which improves some results in the literature.
description: 53 pages
Fast Radio Bursts as Standard Candles for Cosmology
Creators: name: Guo, Han-Yue
name: Wei, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, fast radio bursts (FRBs) have become a thriving field in astronomy and cosmology. Due to their extragalactic and cosmological origin, they are useful to study the cosmic expansion and the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the literature, the dispersion measure (DM) of FRB has been considered extensively. It could be used as an indirect proxy of the luminosity distance $d_L$ of FRB. The observed DM contains the contributions from the Milky Way (MW), the MW halo, IGM, and the host galaxy. Unfortunately, IGM and the host galaxy of FRB are poorly known to date, and hence the large uncertainties of $\rm DM_{IGM}$ and $\rm DM_{host}$ in DM plague the FRB cosmology. Could we avoid DM in studying cosmology? Could we instead consider the luminosity distance $d_L$ directly in the FRB cosmology? We are interested to find a way out for this problem in the present work. From the lessons of calibrating type Ia supernovae (SNIa) or long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as standard candles, we consider a universal subclassification scheme for FRBs, and there are some empirical relations for them. In the present work, we propose to calibrate type Ib FRBs as standard candles by using a tight empirical relation without DM. The calibrated type Ib FRBs at high redshifts can be used like SNIa to constrain the cosmological models. We also test the key factors affecting the calibration and the cosmological constraints. Notice that the results are speculative, since they are based on simulations for the future (instead of now). We stress that the point in the present work is just to propose a viable method and a workable pipeline using type Ib FRBs as standard candles for cosmology in the future.
description: 21 pages, 1 table, 11 figures, revtex4
Additional file 2 of Diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers to detect acute mesenteric ischaemia in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Reintam Blaser, Annika
name: Starkopf, Joel
name: Björck, Martin
name: Forbes, Alastair
name: Kase, Karri
name: Kiisk, Ele
name: Laisaar, Kaja-Triin
name: Mihnovits, Vladislav
name: Murruste, Marko
name: Mändul, Merli
name: Voomets, Anna-Liisa
name: Tamme, Kadri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Risk of bias assessment.
Asphaleia ajjer Mokrousov & Proshchalykin 2025, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Mokrousov, Mikhail V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Crabronidae
Asphaleia
Asphaleia ajjer

description: Asphaleia ajjer (de Beaumont, 1958), comb. nov.
Laphyragogus ajjer de Beaumont, 1958: 63, ♂. Holotype, ♂: Algeria, Tassili des Ajjer, reg between oueds Sersouf and Issandilène [Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France].
Distribution. Morocco, Algeria.
description: Published as part of Mokrousov, Mikhail V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2025, A new genus and species of the subfamily Laphyragoginae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) with analysis of the relationship of Eremiaspheciinae and Laphyragoginae, stat. resurr., pp. 521-532 in Zootaxa 5631 (3) on page 526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/15370958