cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Estimates of Solar Wind Prediction using HMI Photospheric Vector and Spatial Standard Deviation Synoptic Maps
Creators: name: Poduval, Bala
name: Petrie, Gordon
name: Bertello, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current solar wind prediction is based on the Wang & Sheeley empirical relationship between the solar wind speed observed at 1 AU and the rate of magnetic flux tube expansion (FTE) between the photosphere and the inner corona, where FTE is computed by coronal models that take the photospheric flux density synoptic maps as their inner boundary conditions to extrapolate the photospheric magnetic fields to deduce the coronal and the heliospheric magnetic field configuration. Since these synoptic maps are among the most widely-used of all solar magnetic data products, the uncertainties in the model predictions that are caused by the uncertainties in the synoptic maps are worthy of study. However, such an estimate related to synoptic map construction was not available until Bertello et al. (Solar Physics, 289, 2014) obtained the spatial standard deviation synoptic maps; 98 Monte-Carlo realizations of the spatial standard deviation maps for each photospheric synoptic maps. In this paper, we present an estimate of uncertainties in the solar wind speed predicted at 1 AU by the CSSS model due to the uncertainties in the photospheric synoptic maps. We also present a comparison of the coronal hole locations predicted by the models with the STEREO/SECCHI EUV synoptic maps. In order to quantify the extent of the uncertainties involved, we compared the predicted speeds with the OMNI solar wind data during the same period (taking the solar wind transit time into account) and obtained the root mean square error between them. To illustrate the significance of the uncertainty estimate in the solar wind prediction, we carried out the analysis for three Carrington rotations, CR 2102, CR 2137 and CR 2160 at different phases of the solar cycle. The uncertainty estimate is critical information necessary for the current and future efforts of improving the solar wind prediction accuracies.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya
Creators: name: Minde, Isaac J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jones, Govereh
name: Minde, Isaac J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jones, Govereh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: fertilizer
subject: Africa
subject: Malawi
subject: Zambia
subject: Kenya

description: It is generally agreed that increasing agricultural productivity is critical to stimulating the rate of economic growth in Africa. There are many important and often complementary determinants of agricultural productivity. In this brief and the full paper it draws from, the focus is on fertilizer and improved seed, without intending to imply that they are the only or most significant productivity determinants.
Pulp mill condensate treatment in an automated sequencing batch reactor
Creators: name: Woo, Norman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In an effort to both meet more stringent air quality guidelines and to be able to recycle a potential waste water stream, kraft mill evaporator condensate has been identified as a waste water stream that can be reused in other pulp and paper mill operations. This study involves the treatment of kraft mill combined condensate in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). It is proposed that an inline SBR can be used to effectively treat a combined condensate waste stream such that all methanol in the stream is rapidly and economically removed by the system. This research was conducted in cooperation with Crestbrook Forest Industries Ltd. Pulp Division, Skookumchuck pulp mill. Previous work by Milet and Duff (1998) showed that an automated sequencing batch reactor was capable of reducing methanol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations by 100% and >70%, respectively. However, the reactor operated at or near zero dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentration through much of the cycle time and had no means to control sludge age. In order to address some of the deficiencies of the previous work, feedback D.O. control was implemented, such that the reactor could run above zero D.O. concentrations. As well, a solids probe was installed on the SBR such that the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge age could be monitored and controlled. One hundred percent methanol removal was achieved, while 77% of the COD was removed from the combined condensate in the SBR. The proportional only PID controller for D.O. control consistently controlled the D.O. to a desired level of 2 mg/L. The MLSS concentration in the reactor was also effectively controlled to within ±100mg/L of the desired setpoints during a 30 day run. Oxygen limitations were discovered to occur for the treatment of methanol, as degradation rate was better by 1,3x to 2x during non-oxygen limited conditions. Sludge age in the SBR ranged from 2 to 8 days during controlled biomass concentrations, while sludge age was 10 to 20 days when the system was allowed to grow.
Additional file 1 of ReadZS detects cell type-specific and developmentally regulated RNA processing programs in single-cell RNA-seq
Creators: name: Meyer, Elisabeth
name: Chaung, Kaitlin
name: Dehghannasiri, Roozbeh
name: Salzman, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary figures. This file contains all supplementary figures, as well as in-depth descriptions of the supplementary tables (Additional files 2, 3, 4 and 5).
GHG Trading Framework for the U.S. Biofuels Sector
Creators: name: Kumarappan, Subbu
name: Joshi, Satish V.
name: Kumarappan, Subbu
name: Joshi, Satish V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: ethanol
subject: biodiesel
subject: carbon trading
subject: GHG emissions trading
subject: methodology
subject: CCX
subject: CDM
subject: maize
subject: lignocellulosics
subject: well to wheel
subject: life cycle analysis

description: Substitution of petroleum fuels with biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These GHG reductions can be traded in the emerging carbon markets, and methodologies for quantifying and trading are still being developed. The main challenges in developing such GHG trading framework are analyzed. An outline of such a framework is presented that depends on the life cycle assessment of GHG reductions, along with a combination of project specific and regional standard performance measures. The advantages of assigning GHG property and trading rights to biofuel producers are discussed. At carbon prices of $10 per metric ton, estimated additional revenues to biofuel producers range from $ 17 to 64 million dollars per billion gallons of corn ethanol and cellulosic ethanol respectively.
Mass endomorphism and spinorial Yamabe type problems on conformally flat manifolds
Creators: name: Ammann, Bernd
name: Humbert, Emmanuel
name: Morel, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A30, 53C27

description: Let M be a compact manifold equipped with a Riemannian metric g and a spin structure \si. We let $λ(M,[g],\si)= \inf_{\tilde{g} \in [g]} λ_1^+(\tilde{g}) Vol(M,\tilde{g})^{1/n}$ where $λ_1^+(\tilde{g})$ is the smallest positive eigenvalue of the Dirac operator D in the metric $\tilde{g}$. A previous result stated that $λ(M,[g],\si) \leq λ(\mS^n) =\frac{n}{2} \om_n^{1/n}$ where \om_n stands for the volume of the standard n-sphere. In this paper, we study this problem for conformally flat manifolds of dimension n \geq 2 such that D is invertible. E.g. we show that strict inequality holds in dimension $n\equiv 0,1,2\mod 4$ if a certain endomorphism does not vanish. Because of its tight relations to the ADM mass in General Relativity, the endomorphism will be called mass endomorphism. We apply the strict inequality to spin-conformal spectral theory and show that the smallest positive Dirac eigenvalue attains its infimum inside the enlarged volume-1-conformal class of g.
description: references updated, some typos removed
Signatures of long-lived gluinos in split supersymmetry
Creators: name: Hewett, JoAnne L.
name: Lillie, Ben
name: Masip, Manuel
name: Rizzo, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the experimental signatures for the production of gluinos at colliders and in cosmic rays within the split supersymmetry scenario. Unlike in the MSSM, the gluinos in this model are relatively long-lived due to the large value of the squark masses which mediate their decay. Searches at colliders are found to be sensitive to the nature of gluino fragmentation as well as the gluino-hadron interactions with nuclei and energy deposition as it traverses the detector. We find that the worst-case scenario, where a neutral gluino-hadron passes through the detector with little energy deposition, is well described by a monojet signature. For this case, using Run I data we obtain a bound of $m_{\tilde g} > 170$ GeV; this will increase to 210(1100) GeV at Run II(LHC) if no excess events are observed. In the opposite case, where a charged gluino-hadron travels through the detector, a significantly greater reach is obtained via stable charged particle search techniques. We also examine the production of gluino pairs in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and show they are potentially observable at IceCube; this would provide a cross-check for observations at hadron colliders.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Uniform continuity bounds for characteristics of multipartite quantum systems
Creators: name: Shirokov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider universal methods for obtaining (uniform) continuity bounds for characteristics of multipartite quantum systems. We pay a special attention to infinite-dimensional multipartite quantum systems under the energy constraints. By these methods we obtain continuity bounds for several important characteristics of a multipartite quantum state: the quantum (conditional) mutual information, the squashed entanglement, the c-squashed entanglement and the conditional entanglement of mutual information. The continuity bounds for the multipartite quantum mutual information are asymptotically tight for large dimension/energy. The obtained results are used to prove the asymptotic continuity of the $n$-partite squashed entanglement, c-squashed entanglement and the conditional entanglement of mutual information under the energy constraints.
description: 30 pages, v.2 is an improved version, any comments are welcome
CE-MRS: Contrastive Explanations for Multi-Robot Systems
Creators: name: Schneider, Ethan
name: Wu, Daniel
name: Das, Devleena
name: Chernova, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the complexity of multi-robot systems grows to incorporate a greater number of robots, more complex tasks, and longer time horizons, the solutions to such problems often become too complex to be fully intelligible to human users. In this work, we introduce an approach for generating natural language explanations that justify the validity of the system's solution to the user, or else aid the user in correcting any errors that led to a suboptimal system solution. Toward this goal, we first contribute a generalizable formalism of contrastive explanations for multi-robot systems, and then introduce a holistic approach to generating contrastive explanations for multi-robot scenarios that selectively incorporates data from multi-robot task allocation, scheduling, and motion-planning to explain system behavior. Through user studies with human operators we demonstrate that our integrated contrastive explanation approach leads to significant improvements in user ability to identify and solve system errors, leading to significant improvements in overall multi-robot team performance.
description: Accepted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters
Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview
Creators: name: Ranis, Gustav
name: Ranis, Gustav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Africa
subject: Diversity
subject: Economic Growth
subject: Instability

description: This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes. The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed. The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Additional figures from Probabilistic reconstruction of measles transmission clusters from routinely collected surveillance data
Creators: name: Robert, Alexis
name: Kucharski, Adam J.
name: Gastañaduy, Paul A.
name: Prabasaj Paul
name: Funk, Sebastian
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: Additional figures describing the data and the performance of the model
Perfect antireflection via negative refraction
Creators: name: Monzon, J. J.
name: Barriuso, A. G.
name: Sanchez-Soto, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a geometrical framework to discuss the action of slabs of negatively refracting materials. We show that these slabs generate the same orbits as normal materials, but traced out in opposite directions. This property allows us to confirm that the action of any lossless multilayer can be optically cancelled by putting it together with the multilayer constructed as the inverted mirror image, with $ε$ and $μ$ reversed in sign.
description: Some typos corrected. New references addes. Accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
Appendix from Inferring generation-interval distributions from contact-tracing data
Creators: name: Park, Sang Woo
name: Champredon, David
name: Dushoff, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Generation intervals, defined as the time between when an individual is infected and when that individual infects another person, link two key quantities that describe an epidemic: the initial reproductive number, ${{\cal R}}_{{\rm initial}}$, and the initial rate of exponential growth, r. Generation intervals can be measured through contact tracing by identifying who infected whom. We study how realized intervals differ from ‘intrinsic’ intervals that describe individual-level infectiousness and identify both spatial and temporal effects, including truncating (due to observation time), and the effects of susceptible depletion at various spatial scales. Early in an epidemic, we expect the variation in the realized generation intervals to be mainly driven by truncation and by the population structure near the source of disease spread; we predict that correcting realized intervals for the effect of temporal truncation but not for spatial effects will provide the initial forward generation-interval distribution, which is spatially informed and correctly links r and ${{\cal R}}_{{\rm initial}}$. We develop and test statistical methods for temporal corrections of generation intervals, and confirm our prediction using individual-based simulations on an empirical network.
Meta-local density functionals: a new rung on Jacob's ladder
Creators: name: Lehtola, Susi
name: Marques, Miguel A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The homogeneous electron gas (HEG) is a key ingredient in the construction of most exchange-correlation functionals of density-functional theory. Often, the energy of the HEG is parameterized as a function of its spin density $n$, leading to the local density approximation (LDA) for inhomogeneous systems. However, the connection between the electron density and kinetic energy density of the HEG can be used to generalize the LDA by evaluating it on a weighted geometric average of the local spin density and the spin density of a HEG that has the local kinetic energy density of the inhomogeneous system, with a mixing ratio $x$. This leads to a new family of functionals that we term meta-local density approximations (meta-LDAs), which are still exact for the HEG, which are derived only from properties of the HEG, and which form a new rung of Jacob's ladder of density functionals. The first functional of this ladder, the local $τ$ approximation (LTA) of Ernzerhof and Scuseria that corresponds to $x=1$ is unfortunately not stable enough to be used in self-consistent field calculations, because it leads to divergent potentials as we show in this work. However, a geometric averaging of the LDA and LTA densities with smaller values of $x$ not only leads to numerical stability of the resulting functional, but also yields more accurate exchange energies in atomic calculations than the LDA, the LTA, or the tLDA functional ($x=1/4$) of Eich and Hellgren. We choose $x=0.50$ as it gives the best total energy in self-consistent exchange-only calculations for the argon atom. Atomization energy benchmarks confirm that the choice $x=0.50$ also yields improved energetics in combination with correlation functionals in molecules, almost eliminating the well-known overbinding of the LDA and reducing its error by two thirds.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures including supporting information
Superradiance paradox in waveguide lattices
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been suggested that the collective radiative decay of two point-like quantum emitters coupled to a waveguide, separated by a distance comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon, leads to an apparent $^{\prime}$superradiance paradox$^{\prime}$ by which one cannot decide whether independent or collective emission occurs. The resolution of the paradox stems from the strong non-Markovian dynamics arising from the delayed field-mediated atom interaction. Here we suggest an integrated optics platform to emulate the superradiance paradox, based on photon escape dynamics in waveguide lattices. Remarkably, Markovian decay dynamics and independent photon emission can be restored by frequent (Zeno-like) observation of the system.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Inhomogeneity of the intrinsic magnetic field in superconducting YBa2Cu3OX compounds as revealed by rare-earth EPR-probe
Creators: name: Gafurov, M.
name: Kurkin, I. N.
name: Kurzin, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-band electron paramagnetic resonance on doped Er3+ and Yb3+ ions in Y0.99(Yb,Er)0.01Ba2Cu3OX compounds with different oxygen contents in the wide temperature range (4-120)K have been made. In the superconducting species, the strong dependencies of the linewidth and resonance line position from the sweep direction of the applied magnetic field are revealed at the temperatures significantly below TC. The possible origins of the observed hysteresis are analyzed. Applicability of the presented EPR approach to extract information about the dynamics of the flux-line lattice and critical state parameters (critical current density, magnetic penetration depth, and characteristic spatial scale of the inhomogeneity) is discussed
description: 17 pages, 5 Figures. Renewed version
Electron self-trapping on a nano-circle
Creators: name: Brizhik, L. S.
name: Eremko, A. A.
name: Zakrzewski, B. Piette W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the self-trapping of quasiparticles (electrons, holes, excitons, etc) in a molecular chain with the structure of a ring, taking into account the electron-phonon interaction and the radial and tangential deformations of the chain. A discrete system of equations is obtained and solved numerically. The analytical solutions for the wave function of a quasiparticle and for the molecule displacements that determine the distortion of the ring, are also obtained and solved in the continuum approximation. The numerical solutions of the system of discrete nonlinear equations reveals several regimes of quasiparticle localisation in the chain which depend on the values of the parameters of the system. It is shown that the transversal deformation of the chain favours the formation of a soliton.
description: 43 pages 9 figures
Moral Hazard in a Mutual Health-Insurance System: German Knappschaften, 1867-1914
Creators: name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Streb, Jochen
name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Streb, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: sickness insurance
subject: moral hazard
subject: Knappschaft
subject: social insurance

description: This paper studies moral hazard in a sickness-insurance fund that provided the model for social-insurance schemes around the world. The German Knappschaften were formed in the medieval period to provide sickness, accident, and death benefits for miners. By the mid-nineteenth century, participation in the Knappschaft was compulsory for workers in mines and related occupations, and the range and generosity of benefits had expanded considerably. Each Knappschaft was locally controlled and self-funded, and their admirers saw in them the ability to use local knowledge and good incentives to deliver benefits at low cost. The Knappschaft underlies Bismarck’s sickness and accident insurance legislation (1883 and 1884), which in turn forms the basis of the German social-insurance system today and, indirectly, many social-insurance systems around the world. This paper focuses on a problem central to any insurance system, and one that plagued the Knappschaften as they grew larger in the later nineteenth century: the problem of moral hazard. Replacement pay for sick miners made it attractive, on the margin, for miners to invent or exaggerate conditions that made it impossible for them to work. Here we outline the moral hazard problem the Knappschaften faced as well as the internal mechanisms they devised to control it. We then use econometric models to demonstrate that those mechanisms were at best imperfect.
The Gender and Generational Consequences of the Demographic Transition and Population Policy: An Assessment of the Micro and Macro Linkages
Creators: name: Schultz, T. Paul
name: Schultz, T. Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: fertility decline
subject: demographic transition
subject: intergenerational transfers
subject: gender

description: The demographic transition changes the age composition of a population, affecting resource allocations at the household and aggregate level. If age profiles of income, consumption, savings and investments were stable and estimable for the entire population, they might suggest how the demographic transition would affects inputs to growth. However, existing macro and micro simulations are estimated from unrepresentative samples of wage earners that do not distinguish sex, schooling, etc. The “demographic dividend” is better evaluated through case studies of household surveys and long-run social experiments. Matlab, Bangladesh, extended a family planning and maternal and child health program to half the villages in its district in 1977, and recorded fertility in the program villages was 16 percent lower than in control villages for the following two decades until 1996. Households in program villages realized health and productivity gains that were concentrated among women, while child survival and schooling increased, and household physical assets were 25 percent greater per adult than in control villages.
The Gaussian cell two-point "energy-like" equation: Application to large scale galaxy redshift and peculiar motion surveys
Creators: name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Branchini, Enzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple linear equation relating the line-of-sight peculiar velocity and density contrast correlation functions. The relation, which we call the "Gaussian cell two-point energy-like equation", is valid in the distant-observer-limit and requires Gaussian smoothed fields. In the variance case, i.e., at zero lag, the equation is similar in its mathematical form to the Layzer-Irvine cosmic energy equation. βestimation with this equation from the PSC$z$ redshift galaxy survey and the SEcat catalogue of peculiar velocities is carried out, returning a value of β= 0.44+-0.08. The applicability of the method for the 6dF galaxy redshift and peculiar motions survey is demonstrated with mock data where it is shown that beta could be determined with ~5% accuracy. The prospects for constraining the dark energy equation of state with this method from the kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster surveys are discussed. The equation is also used to construct a nonparametric mass density power spectrum estimator from peculiar velocity data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
N=2 Conformal Supergravity from Twistor-String Theory
Creators: name: Ahn, Changhyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chiral superfield strength in N=2 conformal supergravity at linearized level is obtained by acting two superspace derivatives on N=4 chiral superfield strength which can be described in terms of N=4 twistor superfields. By decomposing SU(4)_R representation of N=4 twistor superfields into the SU(2)_R representation with an invariant U(1)_R charge, the surviving N=2 twistor superfields contain the physical states of N=2 conformal supergravity. These N=2 twistor superfields are functions of homogeneous coordinates of weighted complex projective space WCP^{3|4} where the two weighted fermionic coordinates have weight -1 and 3.
description: 30pp; Added the footnotes 1 and 5
Phytophthora podocarpi sp. nov. from diseased needles and shoots of Podocarpus in New Zealand
Creators: name: Dobbie, Kiryn
name: Scott, Peter
name: Taylor, Pam
name: Panda, Preeti
name: Sen, Diya
name: Dick, Margaret
name: McDougal, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: tōtara, foliar disease, needle disease, phylogeny, diagnostics, detection

description: Supplementary Table S1. Nucleotide substitution model selection per gene and partitions selected by AIC (MrModeltest), Nucleotide substitution models determined by MrModeltest v2.0 using the AIC, after creating partitions corresponding to each individual gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Supplementary Figure S1. A multilocus phylogeny of Phytophthora showing the placement of the two P. podocarpi isolates in clade 15 along with downy mildew, Peronospora hyoscyami (Peronospora tabacina). Complete or partial DNA sequences from seven gene loci (28S rDNA, 60S ribosomal protein, β-tubulin, elongation factor 1-α, enolase, heat shock protein 90, tigA gene fusion) were used to infer phylogeny with MrBayes in Geneious Pro v9.0. Support is displayed as posterior probability values on the nodes. Scale bar shows number of substitutions per site.
Additional figures from Probabilistic reconstruction of measles transmission clusters from routinely collected surveillance data
Creators: name: Robert, Alexis
name: Kucharski, Adam J.
name: Gastanaduy, Paul A.
name: Prabasaj Paul
name: Funk, Sebastian
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: Additional figures describing the data and the performance of the model
ERIЯƎ Genesis: Seven Fruits of the Trees of Mathematics
Creators: name: DanBrasilP
Publisher: name: GitHub
Year: 2025
Subjects: Mathematical Problems
ERIRE Theory
Vectorial Coherence
Goldbach
Collatz
Fermat
Perfect Numbers
Algebraic Geometry
Mathematical Genesis

description: This article presents seven major mathematical problems reinterpreted and reframed through the ERIЯƎ theoretical framework — a vectorial and harmonic seed structure for all mathematics. Each problem is modeled as a projection of deeper coherence patterns rather than as isolated symbolic puzzles.

From Goldbach’s additive symmetry to the helicoidal duality of perfect numbers, the solutions emerge from resonance across three orthogonal domains. These problems are revealed to be natural consequences of structured coherence in mathematical space — the “fruits” of the symbolic tree planted in the previous article *ERIЯƎ Genesis: The Seed Structure of All Mathematics*.
description: Este artigo apresenta sete grandes problemas matemáticos reinterpretados e reenquadrados através do arcabouço teórico ERIЯƎ — uma estrutura de semente vetorial e harmônica para toda a matemática. Cada problema é modelado como uma projeção de padrões de coerência mais profundos, em vez de quebra-cabeças simbólicos isolados.

Da simetria aditiva de Goldbach à dualidade helicoidal dos números perfeitos, as soluções emergem da ressonância entre três domínios ortogonais. Esses problemas se revelam consequências naturais da coerência estruturada no espaço matemático — os "frutos" da árvore simbólica plantada no artigo anterior *ERIЯƎ Genesis: The Seed Structure of All Mathematics*.
Umgang mit Forschungsdaten in DFG-Anträgen
Creators: name: Beer, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Forschungsdatenmanagement
Datenmanagementplan
FDM
DMP
Drittmittel
DFG
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Forschungsförderung

description: Der 15-minütige Input-Vortrag wurde online am 17. Januar 2025 im Rahmen der 1. DFG-Antragswerkstatt im Wintersemester 2024/2025 an der Universität Hildesheim gegeben. Das Peer-Feedback in Kleingruppen erfolgte am 31. Januar 2025. Die Präsentation wurde für die Publikation überarbeitet.

Die DFG-Antragswerkstatt ist ein Angebot von Dr. Andrea Noll, Stabsstelle Forschung und Transfer. Das Angebot stellt relevante Informationen zu Form und Anforderungen für einen (Erst-)Antrag bereit, begleitet systematisch den Schreibprozess im Laufe des Semesters (und gerne darüber hinaus bis zur Antragstellung) und stößt Peer-Feedback-Prozesse an. Er richtet sich an Postdoktorand*innen, die im Wintersemester an einem DFG-Antrag auf Sachbeihilfe („Eigene Stelle“) arbeiten wollen. Im Laufe des Semesters kommt eine feste Gruppe von Teilnehmer*innen sechs Mal via Videokonferenz zusammen. Über die Termine hinweg soll die erste Fassung eines ersten eigenen DFG-Antrags erarbeitet werden. Das Format basiert auf Info-Inputs durch die Workshop-Leitung und eingeladene Expert*innen in Kombination mit Peer-Feedback in Kleingruppen. Die Sitzungen geben den Forschenden Impulse für die Arbeit am Antrag und dienen als Feedback-Schleifen für den eigenen Entwurf, der zwischen den Sitzungen weiterentwickelt werden soll. Die Teilnehmer*innen haben die Möglichkeit, vor jeder Sitzung ihre Fragen zum jeweiligen Thema des Input-Vortrags zu schicken.
Jörg Deuter; Zweimal Prager Frühling. Über eine Ausstellung, die nicht sein durfte, und über Bohumil Kubišta und die Maler der „Brücke“
Creators: name: Presler, Gerd
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Jörg Deuter; Zweimal Prager Frühling. Über eine Ausstellung, die nicht sein durfte, und über Bohumil Kubišta und die Maler der „Brücke“; Buchholz in der Nordheide: Laugwitz Verlag 2019; 142 S., 20 farb. u. 19 s/w-Abb.; ISBN 978-3-933077-60-8
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 4 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Superparticle Method for Simulating Collisions
Creators: name: Nesvorny, David
name: Youdin, Andrew N.
name: Marschall, Raphael
name: Richardson, Derek C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For problems in astrophysics, planetary science and beyond, numerical simulations are often limited to simulating fewer particles than in the real system. To model collisions, the simulated particles (aka superparticles) need to be inflated to represent a collectively large collisional cross section of real particles. Here we develop a superparticle-based method that replicates the kinetic energy loss during real-world collisions, implement it in an $N$-body code and test it. The tests provide interesting insights into dynamics of self gravitating collisional systems. They show how particle systems evolve over several free fall timescales to form central concentrations and equilibrated outer shells. The superparticle method can be extended to account for the accretional growth of objects during inelastic mergers.
description: accepted in ApJ
Commitment Contracts
Creators: name: Bryan, Gharad
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Nelson, Scott
name: Bryan, Gharad
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Nelson, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: We review the theoretical and empirical literature on commitment devices. A commitment device is any arrangement, entered into by an individual, with the aim of making it easier to fulfill his or her own future plans. We argue that there is growing empirical evidence supporting the proposition that people demand commitment devices and that these devices can change behavior. We highlight the importance of further research exploring soft commitment – those involving only psychological costs – and the welfare consequences of hard commitments – those involving actual costs – especially in the presence of bounded rationality.
MPEC 2024-T292 : 2024 TD16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TD16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
CFD simulation of mixing dynamics in agitated pulp stock chests
Creators: name: Ford, Clara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Agitated pulp chests function as low-pass filters to reduce high frequency variability in pulp properties (mass concentration, freeness etc.) ahead of many pulping and papermaking operations. Tests made on both industrial and scale-model chests have shown that their dynamic performance is far from ideal, with a significant extent of non-ideal flow (short circuiting, recirculation and stagnation) possible (Ein Mozzafari et al., 2004). In this work, the flow field of a 1/11th scale-model pulp chest was modeled using commercial CFD software (Fluent) with the pulp suspension treated as a Bingham plastic. A multiple reference frame approach was used with coupling between reference frames made using a velocity transformation. The flow profiles predicted by the simulation agreed qualitatively with the observed profiles in the experiments. The power input predicted by the simulations was slightly higher ( + 12%) than the measured power. The velocity field obtained from the CFD model was used to obtain the system's dynamic response to a frequency-modulated random binary input signal. This data was then used as input to a dynamic model developed by Ein Mozzafari (2002) that treats flow within the chest as following two streams: one that bypasses the mixing zone and one that enters it. For both streams, the fraction of suspension passing through each zone was determined and a time constant and delay time computed. These parameters were then compared with parameters measured experimentally under identical operating conditions and the parameters associated with the mixing zone found to agree to within ±25%. The CFD simulation provides detailed information on the velocity profile within the chest and allows the location(s) of poor mixing regions to be identified. Hence, design methods and trouble shooting of existing stock chests can be significantly improved.
Evaluating the Farmer’s-Share-of-the-Retail-Dollar Statistic
Creators: name: Brester, Gary W.
name: Marsh, John M.
name: Atwood, Joseph A.
name: Brester, Gary W.
name: Marsh, John M.
name: Atwood, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: farmer’s share of the retail dollar
subject: marketing margins
subject: producer surplus
subject: total response elasticities

description: Conventional wisdom appears to support the thesis that declines in USDA’s farmer’s share-of-the-retail-dollar (FS) statistics are indicators of low returns to agricultural production. We estimate changes in cattle and hog FS statistics and their relationship with producer surplus (PS) for changes in various exogenous factors. The method accounts for correlations among structural parameter estimates while simulating multivariate distributions of joint parameter realizations. The simulations indicate that relationships between FS and PS depend on the source of exogenous shocks. The lack of informational content in FS statistics suggests these data should not be used for policy purposes.
A simple example of "Quantum Darwinism": Redundant information storage in many-spin environments
Creators: name: Blume-Kohout, Robin
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As quantum information science approaches the goal of constructing quantum computers, understanding loss of information through decoherence becomes increasingly important. The information about a system that can be obtained from its environment can facilitate quantum control and error correction. Moreover, observers gain most of their information indirectly, by monitoring (primarily photon) environments of the "objects of interest." Exactly how this information is inscribed in the environment is essential for the emergence of "the classical" from the quantum substrate. In this paper, we examine how many-qubit (or many-spin) environments can store information about a single system. The information lost to the environment can be stored redundantly, or it can be encoded in entangled modes of the environment. We go on to show that randomly chosen states of the environment almost always encode the information so that an observer must capture a majority of the environment to deduce the system's state. Conversely, in the states produced by a typical decoherence process, information about a particular observable of the system is stored redundantly. This selective proliferation of "the fittest information" (known as Quantum Darwinism) plays a key role in choosing the preferred, effectively classical observables of macroscopic systems. The developing appreciation that the environment functions not just as a garbage dump, but as a communication channel, is extending our understanding of the environment's role in the quantum-classical transition beyond the traditional paradigm of decoherence.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, RevTex 4. Submitted to Foundations of Physics (Asher Peres Festschrift)
Strengthening food policy through gender and intrahousehold analysis: impact assessment of IFPRI multicountry research
Creators: name: Jackson, Cecile
name: Jackson, Cecile
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This assessment focuses on IFPRI’s research program, Strengthening Food Policy through Intrahousehold Analysis,” within the Food Consumption and Nutrition Division (FCND). The program was initiated in 1992, formally began in 1994, and was completed in 2003. Research undertaken in the program was complex, involving work in several countries and taking on challenging new research issues of great potential policy relevance, within a rapidly changing environment. The objectives of the program were to document intrahousehold resource allocation patterns; develop economic models and data collection methods necessary to investigate determinants of intrahousehold resource allocations; establish the relevance of these patterns and models for food policy; evaluate the benefits relative to additional costs of data collection at the intrahousehold level, develop guidelines for a priori expectations on intrahousehold issues, and manage outreach through training materials and publications geared to the range of research users.
Precoder Design and Power Allocation for Downlink MIMO-NOMA via Simultaneous Triangularization
Creators: name: Krishnamoorthy, Aravindh
name: Huang, Meng
name: Schober, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the downlink precoder design for two-user power-domain multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. The proposed precoding scheme is based on simultaneous triangularization and decomposes the MIMO-NOMA channels of the two users into multiple single-input single-output NOMA channels, assuming low-complexity self-interference cancellation at the users. In contrast to the precoding schemes based on simultaneous diagonalization (SD), the proposed scheme avoids inverting the MIMO channels of the users, thereby enhancing the ergodic rate performance. Furthermore, we develop a power allocation algorithm based on the convex-concave procedure, and exploit it to obtain the ergodic achievable rate region of the proposed MIMO-NOMA scheme. Our results illustrate that the proposed scheme outperforms baseline precoding schemes based on SD and orthogonal multiple access for a wide range of user rates and performs close to the dirty paper coding upper bound. The ergodic rate region can further be improved by utilizing a hybrid scheme based on time sharing between the proposed MIMO-NOMA scheme and point-to-point MIMO.
description: Accepted for presentation at the 2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. This paper is the conference version of arXiv:2006.06471 with 6pp, 2 figures, for code, see https://gitlab.com/aravindh.krishnamoorthy/mimo-noma
On a characteristic initial value problem in Plasma physics
Creators: name: Calogero, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q75; 35A05

description: The relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system of plasma physics is considered with initial data on a past light cone. This characteristic initial value problem arises in a natural way as a mathematical framework to study the existence of solutions isolated from incoming radiation. Various consequences of the mass-energy conservation and of the absence of incoming radiation condition are first derived assuming the existence of global smooth solutions. In the spherically symmetric case, the existence of a unique classical solution in the future of the initial cone follows by arguments similar to the case of initial data at time $t=0$. The total mass-energy of spherically symmetric solutions equals the (properly defined) mass-energy on backward and forward light cones.
description: 16 pages. Version in press
The Effects of Next-Nearest-Neighbor Interactions on the Orientation Dependence of Step Stiffness: Reconciling Theory with Experiment for Cu(001)
Creators: name: Stasevich, T. J.
name: Einstein, T. L.
name: Zia, R. K. P.
name: Giesen, M.
name: Ibach, H.
name: Szalma, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the solid-on-solid (SOS) approximation, we carry out a calculation of the orientational dependence of the step stiffness on a square lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions. At low temperature our result reduces to a simple, transparent expression. The effect of the strongest trio (three-site, non pairwise) interaction can easily be incorporated by modifying the interpretation of the two pairwise energies. The work is motivated by a calculation based on nearest neighbors that underestimates the stiffness by a factor of 4 in directions away from close-packed directions, and a subsequent estimate of the stiffness in the two high-symmetry directions alone that suggested that inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor attractions could fully explain the discrepancy. As in these earlier papers, the discussion focuses on Cu(001).
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 6 of ReadZS detects cell type-specific and developmentally regulated RNA processing programs in single-cell RNA-seq
Creators: name: Meyer, Elisabeth
name: Chaung, Kaitlin
name: Dehghannasiri, Roozbeh
name: Salzman, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. Review history.