cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Land use classification of the Greater Vancouver area : a review of selected methods
Creators: name: Sinha, Jayati
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Accurate and current land use information for urban areas is important for effective management and planning. Over the years, researchers/planners have relied heavily on aerial photographs for land use information of urban areas because of the limitations of deriving more accurate land use estimates from satellite remote sensing data. The main problem involved in producing accurate land use maps of cities and towns from satellite images is that urban areas consist of a complex assemblage of different land cover types, many of which have very similar spectral reflectance characteristics. This is because land use is an abstract concept- n amalgam of economic, social and cultural factors-that is defined in terms of functions rather than forms. The relationship between land use and the multispectral signals detected by a satellite sensor is therefore both complex and indirect. In many European cities, residential areas are characterized by a complex spatial assemblage of tile roof, slate roof, glass roof buildings, as well as tarmac, concrete and pitch roads, and gardens (comprised of grass lawns, trees and plants). In North American cities, roofing materials are more commonly composed of wood and shingles. In both settings all these "objects" together form the residential areas or residential districts of town or city, but each of them has a different spectral reflectance. So, in generating a land use map from remotely sensed image, buildings, roads, gardens, open spaces will be identified separately. Keeping this in mind, this thesis evaluates eight selected land use classification methods for the Vancouver metropolitan area, identifies the most accurate and suitable method for urban land use classification, and produces a land use map of the study area based on the most suitable method. The study area is a part of Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD). It includes Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Delta, and parts of seven other municipalities. The whole area is highly urbanized and commercialized. Agricultural lands are present in the southern part of the study area (which includes parts of Richmond, Delta and Surrey). For this study four sources of data have been used. The 1996 Greater Vancouver regional District (GVRD) land use map is the basic source of land use information. A remotely sensed image of May 1999 (Landsat 7) has been used for the identification of land cover data, Vancouver and Fraser valley orthophotos (May/July 1995) have been used to locate sample sites, and aerial photos of May 1999 (1:30,000) have been used for ground verification.
THE POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF POSSIBLE NEW ZEALAND WHEAT PRICING SCHEMES
Creators: name: Rich, M.M.
name: Rich, M.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: An empirical policy simulation analysis that was performed prior to the adoption of the revised N.Z. wheat pricing arrangements is reported. The analysis was particularly timely as it coincided with, and made an input to, discussions between the various parties attempting to derive an improved wheat pricing scheme. The implications of making N.Z. farm-gate wheat pricing more responsive to world market prices were assessed using a simulation model to distill information on the impact of alternative pricing schemes on those criteria thought to be of interest to policymakers. The results also indicated how the recently announced new scheme would have performed. This information aided public decision making, particularly in clarifying some of the trade-offs that are necessary in choosing a pricing scheme.
Dynamical blockade in a bosonic Josephson junction using optimal coupling
Creators: name: Stefanatos, Dionisis
name: Paspalakis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we use time-dependent Josephson coupling to enhance unconventional photon blockade in a system of two coupled nonlinear bosonic modes which are initially loaded with weakly populated coherent states, so the evolution is restricted to the manifold of up to two field quanta. Using numerical optimal control, we find the optimal coupling which minimizes the two-photon occupation of one mode, which is actually transferred to the other, while maintains a non-zero one-photon occupation in the same mode. Moreover, we choose the continuous coupling to vanish after the transfer between the modes such that they are decoupled and one of them is left only with some one-photon population which can be observed upon its decay. We numerically find lower values of the second-order correlation function obtained at earlier times than with constant coupling, with larger one-photon populations and for longer time windows, corresponding thus to higher emission efficiency and easier detection. The presented methodology is not restricted to the system under study, but it can also be transferred to other related frameworks, to find the optimal driving fields which can improve the single-photon emission statistics from these systems.
Additional file 2 of Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: protocol for a scoping review of the global literature
Creators: name: Sartori, Daniele
name: Aronson, Jeffrey K.
name: Igho J. Onakpoya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy
ASSESSMENTS OF THE RELATIVE VALUES OF COMPOUND NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Colwell, J.D.
name: Colwell, J.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A general procedure is developed for calculating optimal rates of application of compound fertilizers, containing several nutrients in fixed composition. The calculations are based on response surface models that have been obtained with single nutrient fertilizers. The relative values of alternative compounds can be assessed from the increases in profit that result from their use at optimal rates and this is preferable to simply comparing fertilizer compositions with that of an ideal mix of single nutrient fertilizers. The relative values of a range of standard nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers are assessed for wheat production in southern New South Wales. The results indicate the need for a compound with a low nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of about 0.5. For the range of fertilizers considered it is concluded that it will generally be preferable to use superphosphate, supplementing with nitrogen fertilizer where N deficiency is suspected. The assumptions required for the calculation of optimal fertilizer rates are discussed.
A carbon footprint study of the Canadian medical residency interview tour
Creators: name: Liang, Kevin E.
name: Dawson, Jessica Q.
name: Stoian, Matei D.
name: Clark, Dylan G.
name: Wynes, Seth
name: Donner, Simon D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Each spring, thousands of Canadian medical students travel across the country to interview for residency positions, a process known as the CaRMS tour. Despite the large scale of travel, the CaRMS tour has received little environmental scrutiny. To estimate the national carbon footprint of flights associated with the CaRMS tour, as well as reductions in emissions achievable by transitioning to alternative models. We developed a three-question online commuter survey to collect the unique travel itineraries of applicants in the 2020 CaRMS tour. We calculated the emissions associated with all flights and modelled expected emissions for two alternative in-person interview models, and two virtual interview models. We collected 960 responses out of 2943 applicants across all 17 Canadian medical schools. We calculated the carbon footprint of flights for the 2020 CaRMS as 4239 tCO2e (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents), averaging 1.44 tCO2e per applicant. The average applicant’s tour emissions represent 35.1% of the average Canadian’s annual household carbon footprint, and the emissions of 26.7% of respondents exceeded their entire annual ‘2050 carbon budget.’ Centralized in-person interviews could reduce emissions by 13.7% to 74.7%, and virtual interviews by at least 98.4% to 99.9%. Mandatory in-person residency interviews in Canada contribute significant emissions and reflect a culture of emissions-intensive practices. Considerable decarbonization of the CaRMS tour is possible, and transitioning to virtual interviews could eliminate the footprint almost entirely.
INCREASES IN DEMAND FOR FOOD IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WORLD AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Lou, Jianqiang
name: Johnson, Roger G.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Lou, Jianqiang
name: Johnson, Roger G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Trade
subject: Food Consumption
subject: Grain Production
subject: Rice
subject: Wheat
subject: Corn
subject: Soybeans
subject: China
subject: Agriculture

description: China is experiencing rapid economic growth, resulting in increased demand for food. Estimates are made of Chinese production and consumption of rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans to the year 2005. Results indicate that China will become a large net importer especially of wheat, corn, and soybeans. China's grain shipping and handling industries will need to be expanded to handle the increased imports. Note: Figures are not included in the machine readable copy--contact the authors for more information.
Additional file 1 of Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: protocol for a scoping review of the global literature
Creators: name: Sartori, Daniele
name: Aronson, Jeffrey K.
name: Igho J. Onakpoya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
How can we better prepare new doctors for the tasks and challenges of ward rounds?: An observational study of junior doctors’ experiences
Creators: name: Bell, Cheryl L.
name: Allan, Julia L.
name: Ross, Sarah
name: Powell, Daniel J. H.
name: Johnston, Derek W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Ward rounds play a crucial role in the delivery of patient care in inpatient settings, but involve a complex mix of tasks, skills and challenges for junior doctors to negotiate. This study informs the development of high-quality training by identifying the activities that junior doctors perform, and those associated with stress during real-life ward rounds. All activities performed by FY1 doctors (n = 60) over 2 ward rounds were coded in real-time by a trained observer using the work observation method by activity timing (WOMBAT). Doctors’ heart rate was continuously recorded and non-metabolic peaks in heart rate used as a physiological indicator of stress. During ward rounds, FY1 doctors commonly engaged in indirect patient care, professional communication, documentation and observation. Very little time was spent on direct patient care (6%) or explicit supervision/education (0.01%). Heart rate data indicated that stress was highest during administrative tasks while interacting directly with patients while stepping out of rounds to complete personal tasks, when answering bleeps and while multi-tasking. Training that specifically covers the activities involved, skills required, and challenges inherent in real-life ward rounds may better prepare FY doctors for this complex area of practice.
Tell Me Something I Don't Know: Randomization Strategies for Iterative Data Mining
Creators: name: Hanhijärvi, Sami
name: Ojala, Markus
name: Vuokko, Niko
name: Puolamäki, Kai
name: Tatti, Nikolaj
name: Mannila, Heikki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is a wide variety of data mining methods available, and it is generally useful in exploratory data analysis to use many different methods for the same dataset. This, however, leads to the problem of whether the results found by one method are a reflection of the phenomenon shown by the results of another method, or whether the results depict in some sense unrelated properties of the data. For example, using clustering can give indication of a clear cluster structure, and computing correlations between variables can show that there are many significant correlations in the data. However, it can be the case that the correlations are actually determined by the cluster structure. In this paper, we consider the problem of randomizing data so that previously discovered patterns or models are taken into account. The randomization methods can be used in iterative data mining. At each step in the data mining process, the randomization produces random samples from the set of data matrices satisfying the already discovered patterns or models. That is, given a data set and some statistics (e.g., cluster centers or co-occurrence counts) of the data, the randomization methods sample data sets having similar values of the given statistics as the original data set. We use Metropolis sampling based on local swaps to achieve this. We describe experiments on real data that demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. Our results indicate that in many cases, the results of, e.g., clustering actually imply the results of, say, frequent pattern discovery.
Proof of the Kurlberg-Rudnick Rate Conjecture
Creators: name: Gurevich, Shamgar
name: Hadani, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present a proof of the {\it Hecke quantum unique ergodicity conjecture} for the Berry-Hannay model, a model of quantum mechanics on a two dimensional torus. This conjecture was stated in Z. Rudnick's lectures at MSRI, Berkeley, 1999 and ECM, Barcelona, 2000.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publication in {\it journal Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences- Mathematics} (presented by Michele Vergne)
Arbitrary Four String Scattering at High Energy and Fixed Angle
Creators: name: Moeller, Nicolas
name: West, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate, using the group theoretic approach to string theory, the tree and one loop scattering of four open and closed arbitrary bosonic string states. In the limit of high energy, but fixed angle, the multi-string vertex at tree and one loop levels that we find takes a very simple form. We propose, and present arguments for, a form for the high energy multi-string vertex at all loops; in particular we give a path integral derivation of this vertex. Our results agree with those of Gross and Mende for tachyon scattering amplitudes, but those for any other string scattering are substantially different from that discussed in reference [5]. We also develop some of the technology used in the group theoretic method to compute loop corrections.
description: Plain tex, 55 pages, 2 figures. A new section is added, giving a path integral derivation of four arbitrary string high energy scattering, in agreement with the results given earlier. Typos corrected, and some discussion in section 7 clarified
COMPETITIVE BIDDING ON IMPORT TENDERS: THE CASE OF MINOR OILSEEDS
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Bidding
subject: Auction
subject: International Grain Competition
subject: Grains
subject: Importing

description: Auctions and bidding play an important role in agricultural marketing. A common and noteworthy application of auctions and bidding is that of import tendering which is used for both price determination and the allocation of purchases among sellers. In this study we develop a model to evaluate bidding strategies and competition in Egyptian oilseeds imports. Information included the values of bids submitted by each supplier in each tender over the period 1990 to 1993. Results indicate that generally bids could be predicted for all bidders with a relatively high degree of confidence using simple relationships and accessible data. In addition, for each oil tender there appeared to be groups of bidders characterized by differences in their bid functions. The results are particularly interesting for understanding sellers' bidding strategies, competition among rivals, as well as impacts of specific variables on optimal bids and payoffs to sellers. Although this analysis is applied to a set of detailed data, the approach and implications have many applications in other bidding situations in agricultural marketing and contributes to understanding bidding strategies and competition.
Cifra. Информационные технологии и телекоммуникации, Выпуск 1 (1) 2024
Creators: name: ООО Цифра
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2024

description: Cifra. Информационные технологии и телекоммуникации, Выпуск 1 (1) 2024
The Growth of Business Firms: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: Fu, Dongfeng
name: Pammolli, Fabio
name: Buldyrev, S. V.
name: Riccaboni, Massimo
name: Matia, Kaushik
name: Yamasaki, Kazuko
name: Stanley, H. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We introduce a model of proportional growth to explain the distribution of business firm growth rates. The model predicts that the distribution is exponential in the central part and depicts an asymptotic power-law behavior in the tails with an exponent 3. Because of data limitations, previous studies in this field have been focusing exclusively on the Laplace shape of the body of the distribution. In this article, we test the model at different levels of aggregation in the economy, from products to firms to countries, and we find that the model's predictions agree with empirical growth distributions and size-variance relationships.
description: 22 pages, 5 Postscript figures, uses revtex4. to be published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2005)
Quantifying and mapping covalent bond scission during elastomer fracture
Creators: name: Slootman, Juliette
name: Waltz, Victoria
name: Yeh, C. Joshua
name: Baumann, Christoph
name: Göst, Robert
name: Comtet, Jean
name: Creton, Costantino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many new soft but tough rubbery materials have been recently discovered and new applications such as flexible prosthetics, stretchable electrodes or soft robotics continuously emerge. Yet, a credible multi-scale quantitative picture of damage and fracture of these materials has still not emerged, due to our fundamental inability to disentangle the irreversible scission of chemical bonds along the fracture path from dissipation by internal molecular friction. Here, by coupling new fluorogenic mechanochemistry with quantitative confocal microscopy mapping, we uncover how many and where covalent bonds are broken as an elastomer fractures. Our measurements reveal that bond scission near the crack plane can be delocalized over up to hundreds of micrometers and increase by a factor of 100 depending on temperature and stretch rate, pointing to an intricated coupling between strain rate dependent viscous dissipation and strain dependent irreversible network scission. These findings paint an entirely novel picture of fracture in soft materials, where energy dissipated by covalent bond scission accounts for a much larger fraction of the total fracture energy than previously believed. Our results pioneer the sensitive, quantitative and spatially-resolved detection of bond scission to assess material damage in a variety of soft materials and their applications.
Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno Effects: An Exact Model
Creators: name: Dorlas, T. C.
name: O'Connell, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies suggest that both the quantum Zeno (increase of the natural lifetime of an unstable quantum state by repeated measurements) and anti-Zeno (decrease of the natural lifetime) effects can be made manifest in the same system by simply changing the dissipative decay rate associated with the environment. We present an {\underline{exact}} calculation confirming this expectation.
Additional file 1 of Reengineering anthrax toxin protective antigen for improved receptor-specific protein delivery
Creators: name: Becker, Lukas
name: Verdurmen, Wouter P. R.
name: Plückthun, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. [Ribbon representation of constructs PAm-sANTXR-Ac2 and PAwt-SL-sANTXR-Ac2]. Figure S2. [Different imaging timepoints of time-lapse imaging experiments]. Figure S3. [Figure 2c replotted with additional quantification of LFN-eGFP delivery]. Figure S4. [Toxicity and delivery of PAwt-SL-sANTXR-Ac2]. Figure S5. [Gating strategy for receptor expression analysis]. Figure S6. [Biotin ligase uptake assay of LFN-eGFP]. Figure S7. [HPLC analysis of protein purity and monomeric behavior].
Global health education in China’s medical schools: A national cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Hou, Jianlin
name: Peluso, Michael J.
name: Samaan, Janette S.
name: Kellett, Anne T.
name: Rohrbaugh, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Despite China’s large and growing global presence, data about global health (GH) education (GHE) in China’s medical schools are limited. We aimed to describe GHE in these schools and determine whether some may teach GH concepts without labeling them as such. In 2019, 161 Chinese medical schools eligible for accreditation by the Ministry of Education were invited to complete a questionnaire as part of a national survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses, Chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and logit models. Approximately 57% of schools completed the survey (n = 93). 33 (35.5%) indicated that GHE was included in the curriculum. Although the majority of responding schools reported the absence of GH in the curriculum, GH topics were identified at many institutions. Schools affiliated with the central government or an aspiring world-class university were more likely to report the inclusion of GHE and offered more opportunities at international away sites. Chinese medical schools are frequently teaching GH topics, but may not label the instruction as such. Policy-makers and educators should be equipped with a global perspective to facilitate GHE at China’s medical schools and take measures to address differences between schools.
A unified electrostatic and cavitation model for first-principles molecular dynamics in solution
Creators: name: Scherlis, Damian A.
name: Fattebert, Jean-Luc
name: Gygi, Francois
name: Cococcioni, Matteo
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrostatic continuum solvent model developed by Fattebert and Gygi is combined with a first-principles formulation of the cavitation energy based on a natural quantum-mechanical definition for the surface of a solute. Despite its simplicity, the cavitation contribution calculated by this approach is found to be in remarkable agreement with that obtained by more complex algorithms relying on a large set of parameters. Our model allows for very efficient Car-Parrinello simulations of finite or extended systems in solution, and demonstrates a level of accuracy as good as that of established quantum-chemistry continuum solvent methods. We apply this approach to the study of tetracyanoethylene dimers in dichloromethane, providing valuable structural and dynamical insights on the dimerization phenomenon.
The Development and Promotion of Sweet Potato Yoghurt in Ghana
Creators: name: Donkor, Eunice Adu
name: Donkor, Emmanuel
name: Owusu-Sekyere, Enoch
name: Owusu, Victor
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: consumer willingness to pay
subject: new product development
subject: hedonic pricing
subject: 333.7 Natürliche Resourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: This paper analyzes how a newly developed food product (potagurt) with nutritional andhealth benefits can be promoted in Ghana. We employ the hedonic modeling and contingent valuationmethods to estimate monetary values attached to the product’s attributes using 400 consumers inthe Ashanti, Eastern, and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. The findings reveal that consumers havepositive perceptions on the health and nutritional benefits of the product. Buyers place a higher valueon potagurt relative to normal yogurt. The high value attached to potagurt is mainly linked to thehealth, nutritional, food safety, and quality attributes of the product, as well as perception. Consumers’socioeconomic factors such as income, educational, and awareness levels also play a significant rolein explaining their choice of the product. The practical implication is that the development andpromotion of potagurt could stimulate sustainable economic development through better consumerhealth and improvement in the livelihoods of many players in the sweet potato value chain, especiallythe producers of potagurt and sweet potato farmers. We conclude that the promotion of the innovativefood product could contribute to sustainable production and consumption of sweet potatoes.
ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE BARLEY INDUSTRY IN NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND MINNESOTA
Creators: name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: barley
subject: upper Great Plains
subject: economic impact

description: Barley is an important crop in the upper Great Plains, yet its economic importance has not been quantified. Expenditures and returns from crop production, grain handling, transportation, and processing activities represented the direct economic impacts from the barley industry. Secondary economic impacts were estimated using an input-output model. Barley production in the tri-state region averaged 3.3 million planted acres and 165 million bushels from 1994 through 1996. North Dakota had about 2.5 million acres. Barley production was estimated to generate $446 million in direct economic impacts. Total (direct and secondary) annual economic impacts from barley production were estimated at $1.2 billion. Annual direct impacts from handling barley at country (local) elevators and terminal elevators in the region were estimated at $13 million. Total annual economic impacts from grain handling activities were estimated at $37 million. Annual regional expenditures and returns from transporting barley from country and terminal elevators to various market destinations were estimated at $47 million. Total annual economic impacts from barley transportation were estimated at $122 million. Impacts from barley processing were limited to regional malting of barley produced in the tri-state region. Annual direct impacts from barley processing were estimated at $58 million. Total annual economic impacts from barley processing were estimated at $180 million. Processing activities employed 431 full-time jobs, while overall economic activity from the industry supported 18,450 secondary full-time equivalent jobs. The barley industry was responsible for generating $32 million annually in sales and use, corporate income, and personal income taxes. Annual economic impacts from all barley activities were estimated at $1.5 billion in the tri-state region. Total economic impacts in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota were estimated at $1.1 billion, $70 million, and $371 million, respectively.
Full-polaron master equation approach to dynamical steady states of a driven two-level system beyond the weak system-environment coupling
Creators: name: Chen, Chien-Chang
name: Stace, Thomas M.
name: Goan, Hsi-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a full-polaron master equation and a weak-coupling non-Markovian master equation to describe the steady-state time-averaged properties of a driven two-level system, an electron coherently tunneling between double quantum dots (DQDs), interacting with a bosonic phonon bath. Comparing the results obtained using these two master equations with those from a recent DQD experiment and its corresponding weak-coupling theoretical method, we find that the original parameter set used in the experiment and theoretical method is not in the weak-coupling parameter regime. By using the full-polaron master equation with a slight adjustment on only the value of the interdot separation in the original experimental parameter set, we find that a reasonable fit to the experimentally measured time-averaged steady-state population data can be achieved. The adjusted interdot separation is within the possible values allowed by the geometry of the surface gates that define the DQD in the experiment. Our full-polaron equation approach does not require the special renormalization scheme employed in their weak-coupling theoretical method, and can still describe the experimental results of driving-induced phonon-enhanced steplike shoulder behaviors in the experiment. This demonstrates that the full-polaron master equation approach is a correct and efficient tool to describe the steady-state properties of a driven spin-boson model in the case of strong system-environment coupling.
description: 2 columns, 10 pages, 2 figures Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
1997 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 1996-2005
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Net farm income
subject: debt-to-asset ratio
subject: cropland prices
subject: land rental rates
subject: farm operating expenses
subject: capitalization rate

description: Net farm income for all representative farms will be lower in 2003 than in 1995-96, but net farm income will be level throughout the 1997-2005 period. Cropland prices are projected to fall in all regions of North Dakota after peaking in 1996-97. Cash rental rates are projected to follow cropland prices. Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms, although rising across the forecast period, will not reach levels that imperil credit worthiness. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms.
Infrared-detected AGNs in the Local Universe
Creators: name: İkiz, Tuba
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
name: Barthel, Peter D.
name: Yeşilyaprak, Cahit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spitzer/IRAC color selection is a promising technique to identify hot accreting nuclei, that is to say AGN, in galaxies. We demonstrate this using a small sample of SAURON galaxies, and explore this further. The goal of this study is to find a simple and efficient way to reveal optically obscured nuclear accretion in (nearby) galaxies. We apply an infrared selection method to the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G) sample of more than 2500 galaxies, together with its extension sample of more than 400 galaxies. We use the Spitzer colors to find galaxies in the S$^{4}$G survey containing a hot core, suggesting the presence of a strong AGN, and study the detection fraction as a function of morphological type. We test this infrared color selection method by examining the radio properties of the galaxies, using the VLA NVSS and FIRST surveys. Using the radio data, we demonstrate that galaxies displaying hot mid-infrared nuclei stand out as being (candidate) active galaxies. When using, instead of Spitzer, colors from the lower spatial resolution WISE mission, we reproduce these results. Hence multi-band infrared imaging represents a useful tool to uncover optically obscured nuclear activity in galaxies.
description: 11 pages, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Zwei Fassungen der Beurkundung eines Stiftungsakts (Kirche Däräsge, Maryam, Sämen 1834 oder 1838 n. Chr.)
Creators: name: Kropp, Manfred
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 95 (2011): Oriens christianus, Band 95
ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Creators: name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Satyanarayana, Vidyashankara
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Satyanarayana, Vidyashankara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Additionality
subject: Export Credit Guarantees
subject: Price Subsidy
subject: GSM-102
subject: EEP
subject: Canada
subject: United States
subject: France

description: The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question. Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets. This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees. Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries. Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees: the United States, Canada and France. Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program. Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have occurred without the programs. Additionality was not constant across exporters. Additionality was estimated at 12.6 MMT for credit guarantees and 19 MMT for EEP. The U.S. results, when considering costs of the programs, indicate that the CCC subsidy (from guarantees), on a per dollar of subsidy basis, provides about four times more additionality than EEP. These results cast doubt on the price subsidy equivalence of guarantees. The subsidy implied in Canadian credit has a significant and negative effect on U.S. wheat exports. The magnitude of the coefficient is larger than the magnitude of the CCC guarantee subsidy. In the Canadian demand model, the effect of the CCC subsidy is insignificant. The results suggest that Canada's guarantee program does more to displace U.S. sales than it does to help Canadian sales. Further, as a whole CCC guarantees offset Canadian guarantees and outperform COFACE guarantees.
title: The Fenland monasteries during the reign of King Stephen
Creators: name: Birney, Ethan George
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis considers the experience of the Fenland houses during the reign of Stephen, 1135-1154. It particularly focuses on wrongs committed against the houses during those years and the degree to which prelates helped or hindered their houses’ well-being. The primary source materials are narrative histories produced at the houses and documents concerning house lands and rights that were principally preserved in monastic cartularies. The thesis is divided into four chapters that progress largely chronologically. The two central chapters focus on Stephen’s reign. The first and last chapters present the preceding and succeeding years to ensure that Stephen’s reign is set in context. While episodes from the Fens regularly illustrate studies of the twelfth century, no in-depth study has examined the Fenland houses during the years of Stephen’s reign. This thesis will focus on the documentary evidence concerning the houses and the more subjective house histories in order to provide a fuller picture of what the houses endured and how they remembered Stephen’s reign. Although the specific turmoil they experienced cannot exemplify Stephen’s reign in England or even the general monastic experience of those years, it does provide a focused study of what monastic houses in a particular area underwent. Many of the problems are in no way unique to the Fens. Concerns over possession of lands, differences between prelates and monks, and violence intruding from the outside world were common to religious houses throughout England during the mid twelfth century. This study will use the extant records of the mid-to-late twelfth century to question the reality of suffering under Stephen and the role of prelates in affecting their houses’ experiences. This examination will ultimately shed some light on the situation in England more generally during that troubled time.
Codes for Key Generation in Quantum Cryptography
Creators: name: Englert, Berthold-Georg
name: Fu, Fang-Wei
name: Niederreiter, Harald
name: Xing, Chaoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an alternative to the usual key generation by two-way communication in schemes for quantum cryptography, we consider codes for key generation by one-way communication. We study codes that could be applied to the raw key sequences that are ideally obtained in recently proposed scenarios for quantum key distribution, which can be regarded as communication through symmetric four-letter channels.
description: IJQI format, 13 pages, 1 table
143. Gaia's maps of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The ESA-Gaia `Image of the Week', on the first anniversary of the 34-month Data Release~3 (DR3), 13 June 2023, was a remarkable multi-dimensional map of the Milky Way, produced by the many members of the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). I'm showing these 10 splendid sky plots again here.
Digging process in NGC 6951: the molecular disc bumped by the jet
Creators: name: May, D.
name: Steiner, J. E.
name: Ricci, T. V.
name: Menezes, R. B.
name: Andrade, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the central 200 pc of the galaxy NGC 6951, SAB(rs)bc, an active twin of the Milky Way, at a distance of 24 Mpc. Its nucleus has been observed in the optical with the GMOS-IFU, showing an outflow, and with the HST/ACS, revealing two extended structures with similar orientation, suggesting the presence of a collimating and/or obscuring structure. In order to ascertain this hypothesis, adaptive optics assisted NIR integral field spectroscopic observations were obtained with the NIFS spectrograph in the Gemini North telescope. We detected a compact structure of H$_2$ molecular gas, interpreted as a nearly edge-on disc with diameter of $\sim$47 pc, PA=124$°$ and velocity range from -40 to +40 km s$^{-1}$. This disc is misaligned by 32$°$ with respect to the radio jet and the ionization cones seen in the optical. There are two regions of turbulent gas, with position angles similar to the jet/cones, seen both in molecular and ionized phases; these regions are connected to the edges of the molecular disc and coincide with a high ratio of [N II]/H$α$=5, suggesting that these regions are shock excited, partially ionized or both. We explain these structures as a consequence of a "digging process" that the jet inflicts on the disc, ejecting the molecular gas towards the ionization cones. The dynamical mass within 17 pc is estimated as $6.3\times10^{6}$$M_{\odot}$. This is an interesting case of an object presenting evidence of a connected feeding-feedback structure.
description: 22 pages, 24 figures
Effects of wildlife viewing on the behaviour of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) in the Khutzeymateen (K’tzim-a-deen) Grizzly Bear Sanctuary, British Columbia
Creators: name: Pitts, Anton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Some level of human activity is often permitted in protected areas, and concerns arise over the impacts of these activities on the wildlife inhabiting them. Human impacts have traditionally been assessed under the paradigms of conservation biology and wildlife management, which tend to focus on population or community level processes. I argue that public concerns over the impacts of human activity, and especially of nonconsumptive recreation, also include a concern for the quality of life of individual animals, and that approaches from the field of animal welfare can address these concerns and thus complement the traditional approaches to the problem. I measured time budgets of grizzly bears at the Khutzeymateen/ K'tzim-a-deen Grizzly Bear Sanctuary to assess whether human presence appeared to negatively impact the bears. Neither feeding nor travelling behaviours changed significantly in the presence of tourists. Vigilance did increase significantly, but only by modest amounts. Two bears increased their resting by over 18%, leading to an overall significant effect. These changes indicate that tourist presence does not lead to severe .short-term impacts, and suggest that further restrictions are not necessary to protect the quality of life of the bears. Population parameters were not assessed in this study; a long-term monitoring plan would be necessary to rule out possible impacts at this scale.
Opinión Pública y Publicidad Electoral 2019, el Caso Uruguayo: ¿Son las encuestas online herramientas útiles para medir la opinión pública?
Creators: name: Pereira, Ramiro García
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy
subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistics

description: This paper analyzes the main characteristics of the Uruguayan electorate for the election process of the year 2019 (primary, first and second presidential round) and its relationship with the electoral advertisements that were issued through various media, its preferences, effectiveness, and quality of advertising/informative pieces for the electors.
Here we also study the potential of self-administered online surveys to measure public opinion preferences in electoral matters.
Using for this, the tools that facebook / instagram offers for data collection, with their random advertizing engine.
Here we benchmark the effectiveness of these new survey data collection techniques (using facebook/Instagram random advertising tools) with traditional survey techniques (cellphone, traditional telephone and face to face).
The main finding in methodological matters is that there are no significant elements that demonstrate that online surveys are inferior to traditional ones, in fact they show similarity in the results, even sometimes being more effective than those that use traditional methodologies technics.
Cursed by Too Much Water in a Dry Place: Implications of Dryland Salinity for Farm Management, Policy and Research in Australia
Creators: name: Pannell, David J.
name: Ewing, Michael A.
name: Ridley, Anna M.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Ewing, Michael A.
name: Ridley, Anna M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Farm Management
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Dryland salinity is one of the most prominent and intractable problems facing farm managers in the extensive non-irrigated farming systems of southern Australia. The issue was ignored by policy makers until late in the twentieth century, but is now the sole or partial subject of government programs with budgets totaling several billion Australian dollars. Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the salt and causing adverse impacts to farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salttolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed. There are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plantbased management of salinity, and these are described. Past and current policy programs are described, and a number of changes to future policy programs are proposed to better meet the needs of farmers suffering the impacts of dryland salinity.