cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DDX5 potentiates HIV-1 transcription as a co-factor of Tat
Creators: name: Sithole, Nyaradzai
name: Williams, Claire A.
name: Abbink, Truus E. M.
name: Lever, Andrew M. L.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research
HIV-1
Tat
Transcription
P-TEFb
DEAD Box helicases
DDX5
siRNA
HEXIM1/2

description: Funder: Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
description: Funder: Clinical Academic Reserve
description: Abstract: Background: HIV-1 does not encode a helicase and hijacks those of the cell for efficient replication. We and others previously showed that the DEAD box helicase, DDX5, is an essential HIV dependency factor. DDX5 was recently shown to be associated with the 7SK snRNP. Cellular positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is bound in an inactive form with HEXIM1/2 on 7SK snRNP. The Tat/P-TEFb complex is essential for efficient processivity of Pol II in HIV-1 transcription elongation and Tat competes with HEXIM1/2 for P-TEFb. We investigated the precise role of DDX5 in HIV replication using siRNA mediated knockdown and rescue with DDX5 mutants which prevent protein–protein interactions and RNA and ATP binding. Results: We demonstrate a critical role for DDX5 in the Tat/HEXIM1 interaction. DDX5 acts to potentiate Tat activity and can bind both Tat and HEXIM1 suggesting it may facilitate the dissociation of HEXIM1/2 from the 7SK-snRNP complex, enhancing Tat/P-TEFb availability. We show knockdown of DDX5 in a T cell line significantly reduces HIV-1 infectivity and viral protein production. This activity is unique to DDX5 and cannot be substituted by its close paralog DDX17. Overexpression of DDX5 stimulates the Tat/LTR promoter but suppresses other cellular and viral promoters. Individual mutations of conserved ATP binding, RNA binding, helicase related or protein binding motifs within DDX5 show that the N terminal RNA binding motifs, the Walker B and the glycine doublet motifs are essential for this function. The Walker A and RNA binding motifs situated on the transactivation domain are however dispensable. Conclusion: DDX5 is an essential cellular factor for efficient HIV transcription elongation. It interacts with Tat and may potentiate the availability of P-TEFb through sequestering HEXIM1.
Partially Twisted Boundary Conditions in Lattice Simulations
Creators: name: Flynn, Jonathan
name: Juttner, Andreas
name: Sachrajda, Christopher
name: Villadoro, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use chiral perturbation theory to investigate twisted and partially twisted boundary conditions which allow access to momenta other than integer multiples of 2pi/L on a lattice with spatial volume L^3. For K -> pi pi decays we show that the breaking of isospin symmetry by the twisted boundary conditions implies that the amplitudes cannot be determined in general. We find numerical evidence for the result that the finite volume effects of the boundary conditions are exponentially suppressed for quantities without final state interactions (meson masses and meson-to-vacuum matrix elements) in a simulation with partial twisting on a sea of N_f=2 non-perturbatively improved Wilson quarks.
description: Talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Weak matrix elements), 6 pages, 1 figure
The economic status of elderly divorced women
Creators: name: Haider, Stephen J.
name: Jacknowitz, Alison
name: Schoeni, Robert F.
Publisher: name: University of Michigan Retirement Research Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Over the past 35 years the gap in poverty between divorced and married women increased from 2:1 (in 1967) to 4:1 (in 2001). Despite high poverty rates, divorced women are no less educated than married women. Labor market earnings are a particularly important source of income for elderly divorced women; Divorced women's level of labor force participation is comparable to that of married men; however, retirement of divorced women experiences no spike at ages 62 and 65, as is the case for married men. Divorced women are quite distinct from separated women, with the latter much less educated, lower income, and minority; grouping these two populations together, as is often done, is a mistake. Initial analyses suggest that the reduction in the requirement on length of marriage from 20 to 10 years to receive Social Security divorcee benefits had little or no effect on alleviating divorcee poverty. A large number of questions remain unanswered, but given the speed at which the cohorts with high prevalence of divorce are approaching old age, the time is now to address these questions.
Socio-demographic variation in stage at diagnosis of breast, bladder, colon, endometrial, lung, melanoma, prostate, rectal, renal and ovarian cancer in England and its population impact
Creators: name: Barclay, M. E.
name: Abel, G. A.
name: Greenberg, David. C.
name: Rous, B.
name: Lyratzopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/4028
/692/700/1538
article

description: Abstract: Background: Stage at diagnosis strongly predicts cancer survival and understanding related inequalities could guide interventions. Methods: We analysed incident cases diagnosed with 10 solid tumours included in the UK government target of 75% of patients diagnosed in TNM stage I/II by 2028. We examined socio-demographic differences in diagnosis at stage III/IV vs. I/II. Multiple imputation was used for missing stage at diagnosis (9% of tumours). Results: Of the 202,001 cases, 57% were diagnosed in stage I/II (an absolute 18% ‘gap’ from the 75% target). The likelihood of diagnosis at stage III/IV increased in older age, though variably by cancer site, being strongest for prostate and endometrial cancer. Increasing level of deprivation was associated with advanced stage at diagnosis for all sites except lung and renal cancer. There were, inconsistent in direction, sex inequalities for four cancers. Eliminating socio-demographic inequalities would translate to 61% of patients with the 10 studied cancers being diagnosed at stage I/II, reducing the gap from target to 14%. Conclusions: Potential elimination of socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis would make a substantial, though partial, contribution to achieving stage shift targets. Earlier diagnosis strategies should additionally focus on the whole population and not only the high-risk socio-demographic groups.
First results from the INTEGRAL Galactic plane scans
Creators: name: Winkler, C.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Schoenfelder, V.
name: Roques, J. -P.
name: Strong, A. W.
name: Wunderer, C.
name: Ubertini, P.
name: Lebrun, F.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Del Santo, M.
name: Lund, N.
name: Westergaard, N. J.
name: Beckmann, V.
name: Kretschmar, P.
name: Mereghetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scans of the Galactic plane performed at regular intervals constitute a key element of the guaranteed time observations of the INTEGRAL observing programme. These scans are done for two reasons: frequent monitoring of the Galactic plane in order to detect transient sources, and time resolved mapping of the Galactic plane in continuum and diffuse line emission. This paper describes first results obtained from the Galactic plane scans executed so far during the early phase (Dec 2002 - May 2003) of the nominal mission.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Latex. A&A (submitted)
Unguidispus japonicus Kurosa 1979
Creators: name: Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza
name: Sobhi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Scutacaridae
Unguidispus
Unguidispus japonicus

description: Unguidispus japonicus Kurosa, 1979
 Unguidispus japonicus Kurosa, 1979, p. 64, Figs 1–2.
 Material examined – The species was obtained during sampling directly from nest of ants in summering of Sabalan Mountain, near Meshguin shahr, Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran, 38° 12' 36.0" N 47 °32' 24.0" E. One female was removed from a vial containing many ants of the species Lasius obscuratus Stitz, 1930, 25 May 2016, leg. M. Sobhi.
 Distribution – Japan, Russia, associated with Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kurosa 1979; Khaustov 2014); Iran, associated with L. obscuratus (current study).
 Remarks – The species Unguidispus japonicus is recorded from Iran for the first time. Morover, the association between this mite and ants of the species Lasius obscuratus is new.
description: Published as part of Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza & Sobhi, Mohammad, 2018, New records of the microdispid mites (Acari: Heterostigmata: Microdispidae) associated with ants with a review of the family in Iran, pp. 105-113 in Persian Journal of Acarology 7 (2) on page 107, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v7i2.35131, http://zenodo.org/record/4634156
Miscellaneous photometric variations in cataclysmic variables: V455 And, SS Cyg, AQ Men, LQ Peg, RW Tri and UX UMa
Creators: name: Bruch, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cataclysmic variables are among the photometrically most unstable stars in the zoo of stellar objects, exhibiting light variations on all time-scales between millennia and seconds. The literature is full of reports on variable phenomena which often require independent confirmation before they can be accepted as established facts. In this contribution I investigate accounts on miscellaneous variable features observed in six cataclysmic variables, drawing for this purpose largely on archival data, most of which have not been investigated in detail in the past, and complementing these data with some new observations. This enabled to confirm and expand upon some hitherto unconfirmed features in the light curves of these star, as well as the rejection of some others, while in still other cases an unambiguous answer to questions arising from previous papers was not possible.
Additional file 1 of Non-disclosing youth: a cross sectional study to understand why young people do not disclose suicidal thoughts to their mental health professional
Creators: name: McGillivray, Lauren
name: Rheinberger, Demee
name: Wang, Jessica
name: Burnett, Alexander
name: Torok, Michelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
DIE OPTIMUM OORDRAGVOORRAAD VIR MIELIES IN SUID-AFRIKA
THE OPTIMAL CARRY-OVER STOCK OF MAIZE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Stapelberg, J. S.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Stapelberg, J. S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: This article considers the economic optimal carry-over stocks of maize. A simulation model that calculates total inventory costs at given stock levels for both white and yellow maize, is described. The model takes both holding costs and out of stock costs, as well as the variability of maize production and uncertain demand for maize, into account. Structural adjustments and maize prices are explicitly accommodated to accentuate structural changes and the role of prices. Results show that the present total maize carry-over stocks of 900 kt per annum are near the optimum. The relative importance of white maize to yellow maize should however increase.
The use of hyperpolarised 13 C-MRI in clinical body imaging to probe cancer metabolism
Creators: name: Woitek, Ramona
name: Gallagher, Ferdia A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review Article
/692/4028/67/2321
/692/4028/67/2327
review-article

description: Abstract: Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer and includes the Warburg effect, which is exhibited by many tumours. This can be exploited by positron emission tomography (PET) as part of routine clinical cancer imaging. However, an emerging and alternative method to detect altered metabolism is carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following injection of hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate. The technique increases the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of hyperpolarised 13C-labelled metabolites by several orders of magnitude and facilitates the dynamic, noninvasive imaging of the exchange of 13C-pyruvate to 13C-lactate over time. The method has produced promising preclinical results in the area of oncology and is currently being explored in human imaging studies. The first translational studies have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the technique in patients with prostate, renal, breast and pancreatic cancer, as well as revealing a successful response to treatment in breast and prostate cancer patients at an earlier stage than multiparametric MRI. This review will focus on the strengths of the technique and its applications in the area of oncological body MRI including noninvasive characterisation of disease aggressiveness, mapping of tumour heterogeneity, and early response assessment. A comparison of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI with state-of-the-art multiparametric MRI is likely to reveal the unique additional information and applications offered by the technique.
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in non-acute post-traumatic ventriculomegaly
Creators: name: Lalou, Afroditi D.
name: Levrini, Virginia
name: Czosnyka, Marek
name: Gergelé, Laurent
name: Garnett, Matthew
name: Kolias, Angelos
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
name: Czosnyka, Zofia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSF dynamics
CSF infusion test
Hydrocephalus
Traumatic brain injury
Ventriculomegaly

description: Abstract: Background: Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is potentially under-diagnosed and under-treated, generating the need for a more efficient diagnostic tool. We aim to report CSF dynamics of patients with post-traumatic ventriculomegaly. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with ventriculomegaly who had undergone a CSF infusion test. We calculated the resistance to CSF outflow (Rout), AMP (pulse amplitude of intracranial pressure, ICP), dAMP (AMPplateau-AMPbaseline) and compensatory reserve index correlation coefficient between ICP and AMP (RAP). To avoid confounding factors, included patients had to be non-decompressed or with cranioplasty > 1 month previously and Rout > 6 mmHg/min/ml. Compliance was assessed using the elasticity coefficient. We also compared infusion-tested TBI patients selected for shunting versus those not selected for shunting (consultant decision based on clinical and radiological assessment and the infusion results). Finally, we used data from a group of shunted idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients for comparison. Results: Group A consisted of 36 patients with post-traumatic ventriculomegaly and Group B of 45 iNPH shunt responders. AMP and dAMP were significantly lower in Group A than B (0.55 ± 0.39 vs 1.02 ± 0.72; p < 0.01 and 1.58 ± 1.21 vs 2.76 ± 1.5; p < 0.01. RAP baseline was not significantly different between the two. Elasticity was higher than the normal limit in all groups (average 0.18 1/ml). Significantly higher Rout was present in those with probable PTH selected for shunting compared with unshunted. Mild/moderate hydrocephalus, ex-vacuo ventriculomegaly/encephalomalacia were inconsistently reported in PTH patients. Conclusions: Rout and AMP were significantly lower in PTH compared to iNPH and did not always reflect the degree of hydrocephalus or atrophy reported on CT/MRI. Compliance appears reduced in PTH.
UBC Okanagan Sustainability Strategy
Creators: name: Ross, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Nucleon QCD sum rules in nuclear matter including four-quark condensates
Creators: name: Drukarev, E. G.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
name: Sadovnikova, V. A.
name: Gutsche, Th.
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the nucleon parameters in nuclear matter using the QCD sum rules approach in Fermi gas approximation. Terms up to 1/q^2 in the operator product expansion (OPE) are taken into account. The higher moments of the nucleon structure functions are included. The complete set of the nucleon expectation values of the four-quark operators is employed. Earlier the lack of information on these values has been the main obstacle for the further development of the approach. We show that the four-quark condensates provide the corrections of the order 20% to the results obtained in the leading orders of the OPE. This is consistent with the assumption about the convergence of the OPE. The nucleon vector self-energy Σ_v and the nucleon effective mass m^* are expressed in terms of the in-medium values of QCD condensates. The numerical results for these parameters at the saturation value of the density agree with those obtained by the methods of nuclear physics.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures
Elasticity-Driven Nanoscale Electronic Structure in Superconductors
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Ahn, K. H.
name: Nussinov, Z.
name: Lookman, T.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of long-range anisotropic elastic deformations on electronic structure in superconductors are analyzed within the framework of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. Cases of twin boundaries and isolated defects are considered as illustrations. We find that the superconducting order parameter is depressed in the regions where pronounced lattice deformation occurs. The calculated local density of states suggests that the electronic structure is strongly modulated in response to lattice deformations, and propagates to longer distances. In particular, this allows the trapping of low-lying quasiparticle states around defects. Some of our predictions can be directly tested by STM experiments.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, reference added, accepted to Physical Review Letters
Attitude change and increased confidence with management of chronic breathlessness following a health professional training workshop: a survey evaluation
Creators: name: Johnston, Kylie N.
name: Young, Mary
name: Kay, Debra
name: Booth, Sara
name: Spathis, Anna
name: Williams, Marie T.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Career choice, professional education and development
(3–10): chronic breathlessness
Education
Health professional

description: Abstract: Background: Clinicians and people living with chronic breathlessness have expressed a need to better understand and manage this symptom. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 3-day health professional training workshop on the practical management of chronic breathlessness. Methods: Workshop design and delivery were based on current understandings and clinical models of chronic breathlessness management, principles of transformative learning, and included sessions co-designed with people living with breathlessness. Registrants were invited to complete pre and post-workshop surveys. Pre and 1-week post-workshop online questionnaires assessed familiarity and confidence about workshop objectives (0[lowest]-10[highest] visual analogue scale), attitudes and practices regarding chronic breathlessness (agreement with statements on 5-point Likert scales). Post-workshop, participants were asked to describe implementation plans and anticipated barriers. Baseline familiarity and confidence were reported as mean (SD) and change examined with paired t-tests. Pre-post attitudes and practices were summarised by frequency/percentages and change examined non-parametrically (5-point Likert scale responses) or using a McNemar test of change (binary responses). Results: Forty-seven of 55 registrants joined the study; 39 completed both pre and post-workshop questionnaires (35 female; 87% clinicians; median 8 years working with people with chronic breathlessness). Post-workshop, greatest gains in confidence were demonstrated for describing biopsychosocial concepts unpinning chronic breathlessness (mean change confidence = 3.2 points; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.0, p < 0.001). Respondents significantly changed their belief toward agreement that people are able to rate their breathlessness intensity on a scale (60 to 81% agreement) although only a minority strongly agreed with this statement at both time points (pre 11%, post 22%). The largest shift in attitude was toward agreement (z statistic 3.74, p < 0.001, effect size r = 0.6) that a person’s experience of breathlessness should be used to guide treatment decisions (from 43 to 73% strong agreement). Participants’ belief that cognitive behavioural strategies are effective for relief of breathlessness changed further toward agreement after the workshop (81 to 100%, McNemar test chi- square = 5.14, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The focus of this training on biopsychosocial understandings of chronic breathlessness and involvement of people living with this symptom were valued. These features were identified as facilitators of change in fundamental attitudes and preparedness for practice.
Food assistance and children's eating patterns, food insecurity, and overweight : The influence of local food prices
Creators: name: Morrissey, Taryn
name: Jacknowitz, Alison
name: Vinopal, Katie
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: We examine how local food prices influence children’s body mass index (BMI), overweight, food insecurity, and food consumption, and whether receipt of public food assistance moderates these associations. Methods: We linked data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a nationally representative study of children from birth to age 5, to local food price data from the ACCRA Cost-of-Living Index (COLI) (approx. 11,700 observations). Using OLS, linear probability, and fixed effects (FE) models, we exploit the variability in food price data over time and among children who move residences. Results: Results indicate that higher-priced fruits and vegetables are associated with higher standardized measures of children’s BMI. This relationship is driven by fresh (vs. frozen or canned) fruits and vegetables. In the FE models, higher-priced soft drinks are associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, higher fast food prices are associated with a greater likelihood of being overweight. Food prices are largely unassociated with children’s food consumption. There is limited evidence that food stamp receipt mitigates the effect of food prices on adult-level food insecurity. Conclusions: Policies that reduce the costs of fresh fruits and vegetables may be effective in promoting healthy weight among young children.
Reaction-diffusion and reaction-subdiffusion equations on arbitrarily evolving domains
Creators: name: Abad, E.
name: Angstmann, C. N.
name: Henry, B. I.
name: McGann, A. V.
name: Vot, F. Le
name: Yuste, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reaction-diffusion equations are widely used as the governing evolution equations for modeling many physical, chemical, and biological processes. Here we derive reaction-diffusion equations to model transport with reactions on a one-dimensional domain that is evolving. The model equations, which have been derived from generalized continuous time random walks, can incorporate complexities such as subdiffusive transport and inhomogeneous domain stretching and shrinking. A method for constructing analytic expressions for short time moments of the position of the particles is developed and moments calculated from this approach are shown to compare favourably with results from random walk simulations and numerical integration of the reaction transport equation. The results show the important role played by the initial condition. In particular, it strongly affects the time dependence of the moments in the short time regime by introducing additional drift and diffusion terms. We also discuss how our reaction transport equation could be applied to study the spreading of a population on an evolving interface.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures
Resonant photon absorption in the low spin molecule V15
Creators: name: Wernsdorfer, W.
name: Mueller, A.
name: Mailly, D.
name: Barbara, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first study of the micro-SQUID response of a molecular system to electromagnetic radiation. The advantages of our micro-SQUID technique in respect to pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques consist in the possibility to perform time-resolved experiments (below 1 ns) on submicrometer sizes samples (about 1000 spins) at low temperature (below 100 mK). Resonant photon absorption in the GHz range was observed via low temperature micro-SQUID magnetization measurements of the spin ground state S = 1/2 of the molecular complex V15. The line-width essentially results from intra-molecular hyperfine interaction. The results point out that observing Rabi oscillations in molecular nanomagnets requires well isolated low spin systems and high radiation power. Our first results open the way for time-resolved observations of quantum superposition of spin-up and spin-down states in SMMs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Non-disclosing youth: a cross sectional study to understand why young people do not disclose suicidal thoughts to their mental health professional
Creators: name: McGillivray, Lauren
name: Rheinberger, Demee
name: Wang, Jessica
name: Burnett, Alexander
name: Torok, Michelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Is full better than half? Examining the longitudinal effects of full-day kindergarten attendance
Creators: name: Cannon, Jill S.
name: Jacknowitz, Alison
name: Painter, Gary
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Kindergarten policy varies widely both across and within states. As high-stakes testing become more important, more attention is being paid to the delivery of early education, and more states and districts are considering moving to full-day kindergarten to increase the educational attainment of students. This paper uses the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort to evaluate the efficacy of this policy. In ordinary least squares, probit, county-fixed effects, and instrumental variable models, we find that there are initial benefits for students and the mothers of students that attend full-day kindergarten, but that these differences largely evaporate by third grade. The only effect of full-day kindergarten attendance on boys is to increase the prevalence of severe external behavioral problems, whereas there is some evidence that girls who attend full-day kindergarten have increases in math scores that persist through third grade. Finally, attending full-day kindergarten is found to have no additional effect on students in families with income below the poverty threshold, despite claims by some advocates that full-day programs are beneficial for the most disadvantaged students.
Isometric group actions on Hilbert spaces: growth of cocycles
Creators: name: de Cornulier, Yves
name: Tessera, Romain
name: Valette, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 22D10, Secondary 43A07, 43A35, 20F69

description: We study growth of 1-cocycles of locally compact groups, with values in unitary representations. Discussing the existence of 1-cocycles with linear growth, we obtain the following alternative for a class of amenable groups G containing polycyclic groups and connected amenable Lie groups: either G has no quasi-isometric embedding into Hilbert space, or G admits a proper cocompact action on some Euclidean space. On the other hand, noting that almost coboundaries (i.e. 1-cocycles approximable by bounded 1-cocycles) have sublinear growth, we discuss the converse, which turns out to hold for amenable groups with "controlled" Folner sequences; for general amenable groups we prove the weaker result that 1-cocycles with sufficiently small growth are almost coboundaries. Besides, we show that there exist, on a-T-menable groups, proper cocycles with arbitrary small growth.
description: 26 pages, no figure. To appear in Geom. Funct. Anal
Kántortól Columbóig – egy új és korszerű bűnüldözési, munkaszervezési modell (Magyar Rendészet, (2008), 56(12) pp.57-65.)
Creators: name: Kemeny, Gabor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180110 Criminal Law and Procedure
subject: FOS: Law

description: Introduction of a new police organisational structure and working method in order to address the increasing criminality.
Is full better than half? Examining the longitudinal effects of full-day kindergarten attendance
Creators: name: Cannon, Jill S.
name: Jacknowitz, Alison
name: Painter, Gary
Publisher: name: RAND Labor and Population
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: Kindergarten policy varies widely both across and within states. As high-stakes testing become more important, more attention is being paid to the delivery of early education, and more states and districts are considering moving to full-day kindergarten to increase the educational attainment of students. This paper uses the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort to evaluate the efficacy of this policy. In ordinary least squares, probit, county-fixed effects, and instrumental variable models, we find that there are initial benefits for students and the mothers of students that attend full-day kindergarten, but that these differences largely evaporate by third grade. The only effect of full-day kindergarten attendance on boys is to increase the prevalence of severe external behavioral problems, whereas there is some evidence that girls who attend full-day kindergarten have increases in math scores that persist through third grade. Finally, attending full-day kindergarten is found to have no additional effect on students in families with income below the poverty threshold, despite claims by some advocates that full-day programs are beneficial for the most disadvantaged students.
Dialogue history integration into end-to-end signal-to-concept spoken language understanding systems
Creators: name: Tomashenko, Natalia
name: Raymond, Christian
name: Caubriere, Antoine
name: De Mori, Renato
name: Esteve, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work investigates the embeddings for representing dialog history in spoken language understanding (SLU) systems. We focus on the scenario when the semantic information is extracted directly from the speech signal by means of a single end-to-end neural network model. We proposed to integrate dialogue history into an end-to-end signal-to-concept SLU system. The dialog history is represented in the form of dialog history embedding vectors (so-called h-vectors) and is provided as an additional information to end-to-end SLU models in order to improve the system performance. Three following types of h-vectors are proposed and experimentally evaluated in this paper: (1) supervised-all embeddings predicting bag-of-concepts expected in the answer of the user from the last dialog system response; (2) supervised-freq embeddings focusing on predicting only a selected set of semantic concept (corresponding to the most frequent errors in our experiments); and (3) unsupervised embeddings. Experiments on the MEDIA corpus for the semantic slot filling task demonstrate that the proposed h-vectors improve the model performance.
description: Accepted for ICASSP 2020 (Submitted: October 21, 2019)
Spherical Regression under Mismatch Corruption with Application to Automated Knowledge Translation
Creators: name: Shi, Xu
name: Xiaoou Li
name: Tianxi Cai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Motivated by a series of applications in data integration, language translation, bioinformatics, and computer vision, we consider spherical regression with two sets of unit-length vectors when the data are corrupted by a small fraction of mismatch in the response-predictor pairs. We propose a three-step algorithm in which we initialize the parameters by solving an orthogonal Procrustes problem to estimate a translation matrix W ignoring the mismatch. We then estimate a mapping matrix aiming to correct the mismatch using hard-thresholding to induce sparsity, while incorporating potential group information. We eventually obtain a refined estimate for W by removing the estimated mismatched pairs. We derive the error bound for the initial estimate of W in both fixed and high-dimensional setting. We demonstrate that the refined estimate of W achieves an error rate that is as good as if no mismatch is present. We show that our mapping recovery method not only correctly distinguishes one-to-one and one-to-many correspondences, but also consistently identifies the matched pairs and estimates the weight vector for combined correspondence. We examine the finite sample performance of the proposed method via extensive simulation studies, and with application to the unsupervised translation of medical codes using electronic health records data.
Race matters : Analyzing the relationship between colorectal cancer mortality rates and various factors within respective racial groups
Creators: name: Veach, Emma
name: Xique, Ismael
name: Johnson, Jada
name: Lyle, Jessica
name: Almodovar, Israel
name: Sellers, Kimberly F.
name: Moore, Calandra T.
name: Jackson, Monica
Publisher: name: Frontiers in Public Health
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality due to cancer (with over 50,000 deaths annually), representing 9% of all cancer deaths in the United States (1). In particular, the African-American CRC mortality rate is among the highest reported for any race/ethnic group. Meanwhile, the CRC mortality rate for Hispanics is 15–19% lower than that for non-Hispanic Caucasians (2). While factors such as obesity, age, and socio- economic status are known to associate with CRC mortality, do these and other potential factors correlate with CRC death in the same way across races? This research linked CRC mortality data obtained from the National Cancer Institute with data from the United States Census Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Solar Radiation Database to examine geographic and racial/ethnic differences, and develop a spatial regression model that adjusted for several factors that may attribute to health disparities among ethnic/racial groups. This analysis showed that sunlight, obesity, and socio-economic status were significant predictors of CRC mortality. The study is signif- icant because it not only verifies known factors associated with the risk of CRC death but, more importantly, demonstrates how these factors vary within different racial groups. Accordingly, education on reducing risk factors for CRC should be directed at specific racial groups above and beyond creating a generalized education plan.
Pengawasan Lalu Lintas Udara di Wilayah Perbatasan Negara
Creators: name: Irwan Triadi, Naila Kamila Rahman, Nur Septiana Amanda, Olga Elvira, Eka Putri Oktaviani, Tambok Julius, Achmad Faidzuddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description:
Simple Hidden Sector Dark Matter
Creators: name: Barnes, Patrick
name: Johnson, Zachary
name: Pierce, Aaron
name: Shakya, Bibhushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hidden sector that kinetically mixes with the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model provides simple and well-motivated dark matter candidates that possess many of the properties of a traditional weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). These supersymmetric constructions can also provide a natural explanation for why the dark matter is at the weak scale - even if it resides in a hidden sector. In the hidden sector, a natural pattern of symmetry breaking generally makes particles and their superpartners lie around the same mass scale, opening novel possibilities for a variety of cosmological histories and complex indirect detection signatures.
description: 28 pages+appendix, 10 figures
Race matters : Analyzing the relationship between colorectal cancer mortality rates and various factors within respective racial groups
Creators: name: Veach, Emma
name: Xique, Ismael
name: Johnson, Jada
name: Lyle, Jessica
name: Almodovar, Israel
name: Sellers, Kimberly F.
name: Moore, Calandra T.
name: Jackson, Monica
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality due to cancer (with over 50,000 deaths annually), representing 9% of all cancer deaths in the United States (1). In particular, the African-American CRC mortality rate is among the highest reported for any race/ethnic group. Meanwhile, the CRC mortality rate for Hispanics is 15–19% lower than that for non-Hispanic Caucasians (2). While factors such as obesity, age, and socio- economic status are known to associate with CRC mortality, do these and other potential factors correlate with CRC death in the same way across races? This research linked CRC mortality data obtained from the National Cancer Institute with data from the United States Census Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Solar Radiation Database to examine geographic and racial/ethnic differences, and develop a spatial regression model that adjusted for several factors that may attribute to health disparities among ethnic/racial groups. This analysis showed that sunlight, obesity, and socio-economic status were significant predictors of CRC mortality. The study is signif- icant because it not only verifies known factors associated with the risk of CRC death but, more importantly, demonstrates how these factors vary within different racial groups. Accordingly, education on reducing risk factors for CRC should be directed at specific racial groups above and beyond creating a generalized education plan.
Additional file 3 of Non-disclosing youth: a cross sectional study to understand why young people do not disclose suicidal thoughts to their mental health professional
Creators: name: McGillivray, Lauren
name: Rheinberger, Demee
name: Wang, Jessica
name: Burnett, Alexander
name: Torok, Michelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Patterns of canopy and surface layer consumption in a boreal forest fire from repeat airborne lidar
Creators: name: Alonzo, Michael
name: Morton, Douglas C.
name: Cook, Bruce D.
name: Andersen, Hans-Erik
name: Babcock, Chad
name: Pattison, Robert
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Fire in the boreal region is the dominant agent of forest disturbance with direct impacts on ecosystem structure, carbon cycling, and global climate. Global and biome-scale impacts are mediated by burn severity, measured as loss of forest canopy and consumption of the soil organic layer. To date, knowledge of the spatial variability in burn severity has been limited by sparse field sampling and moderate resolution satellite data. Here, we used pre- and post-fire airborne lidar data to directly estimate changes in canopy vertical structure and surface elevation for a 2005 boreal forest fire on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. We found that both canopy and surface losses were strongly linked to pre-fire species composition and exhibited important fine-scale spatial variability at sub-30m resolution. The fractional reduction in canopy volume ranged from 0.61 in lowland black spruce stands to 0.27 in mixed white spruce and broadleaf forest. Residual structure largely reflects standing dead trees, highlighting the influence of pre-fire forest structure on delayed carbon losses from aboveground biomass, post-fire albedo, and variability in understory light environments. Median loss of surface elevation was highest in lowland black spruce stands (0.18 m) but much lower in mixed stands (0.02 m), consistent with differences in pre-fire organic layer accumulation. Spatially continuous depth-of-burn estimates from repeat lidar measurements provide novel information to constrain carbon emissions from the surface organic layer and may inform related research on post-fire successional trajectories. Spectral measures of burn severity from Landsat were correlated with canopy (r = 0.76) and surface (r = -0.71) removal in black spruce stands but captured less of the spatial variability in fire effects for mixed stands (canopy r = 0.56, surface r = -0.26), underscoring the difficulty in capturing fire effects in heterogeneous boreal forest landscapes using proxy measures of burn severity from Landsat.
Convolutional Goppa Codes
Creators: name: Porras, J. M. Muñoz
name: Perez, J. A. Dominguez
name: Curto, J. I. Iglesias
name: Sotelo, G. Serrano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94B27; 94B10

description: We define Convolutional Goppa Codes over algebraic curves and construct their corresponding dual codes. Examples over the projective line and over elliptic curves are described, obtaining in particular some Maximum-Distance Separable (MDS) convolutional codes.
description: 8 pages, submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory
A Prompt Report on the Performance of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Module
Creators: name: Hirofuchi, Takahiro
name: Takano, Ryousei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this prompt report, we present the basic performance evaluation of Intel Optane Data Center Persistent Memory Module (Optane DCPMM), which is the first commercially-available, byte-addressable non-volatile memory modules released in April 2019. Since at the moment of writing only a few reports on its performance were published, this letter is intended to complement other performance studies. Through experiments using our own measurement tools, we obtained that the latency of random read-only access was approximately 374 ns. That of random writeback-involving access was 391 ns. The bandwidths of read-only and writeback-involving access for interleaved memory modules were approximately 38 GB/s and 3 GB/s, respectively.
description: To appear in IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 2020. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.12014
Patterns of canopy and surface layer consumption in a boreal forest fire from repeat airborne lidar
Creators: name: Alonzo, Michael
name: Morton, Douglas C.
name: Cook, Bruce D.
name: Andersen, Hans-Erik
name: Babcock, Chad
name: Pattison, Robert
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Fire in the boreal region is the dominant agent of forest disturbance with direct impacts on ecosystem structure, carbon cycling, and global climate. Global and biome-scale impacts are mediated by burn severity, measured as loss of forest canopy and consumption of the soil organic layer. To date, knowledge of the spatial variability in burn severity has been limited by sparse field sampling and moderate resolution satellite data. Here, we used pre- and post-fire airborne lidar data to directly estimate changes in canopy vertical structure and surface elevation for a 2005 boreal forest fire on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. We found that both canopy and surface losses were strongly linked to pre-fire species composition and exhibited important fine-scale spatial variability at sub-30m resolution. The fractional reduction in canopy volume ranged from 0.61 in lowland black spruce stands to 0.27 in mixed white spruce and broadleaf forest. Residual structure largely reflects standing dead trees, highlighting the influence of pre-fire forest structure on delayed carbon losses from aboveground biomass, post-fire albedo, and variability in understory light environments. Median loss of surface elevation was highest in lowland black spruce stands (0.18 m) but much lower in mixed stands (0.02 m), consistent with differences in pre-fire organic layer accumulation. Spatially continuous depth-of-burn estimates from repeat lidar measurements provide novel information to constrain carbon emissions from the surface organic layer and may inform related research on post-fire successional trajectories. Spectral measures of burn severity from Landsat were correlated with canopy (r = 0.76) and surface (r = -0.71) removal in black spruce stands but captured less of the spatial variability in fire effects for mixed stands (canopy r = 0.56, surface r = -0.26), underscoring the difficulty in capturing fire effects in heterogeneous boreal forest landscapes using proxy measures of burn severity from Landsat.