cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discussion: One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models
Creators: name: Bühlmann, Peter
name: Meier, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of ``One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models'' [arXiv:0808.1012]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS0316A the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Projecting the likely importance of weak-interaction-driven bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Most, Elias R.
name: Harris, Steven P.
name: Plumberg, Christopher
name: Alford, Mark G.
name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn
name: Pretorius, Frans
name: Witek, Helvi
name: Yunes, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we estimate how much bulk viscosity driven by Urca processes is likely to affect the gravitational wave signal of a neutron star coalescence. In the late inspiral, we show that bulk viscosity affects the binding energy at fourth post-Newtonian (PN) order. Even though this effect is enhanced by the square of the gravitational compactness, the coefficient of bulk viscosity is likely too small to lead to observable effects in the waveform during the late inspiral, when only considering the orbital motion itself. In the post-merger, however, the characteristic time-scales and spatial scales are different, potentially leading to the opposite conclusion. We post-process data from a state-of-the-art equal-mass binary neutron star merger simulation to estimate the effects of bulk viscosity (which was not included in the simulation itself). In that scenario, we find that bulk viscosity can reach high values in regions of the merger. We compute several estimates of how much it might directly affect the global dynamics of the considered merger scenario, and find that it could become significant. Even larger effects could arise in different merger scenarios or in simulations that include non-linear effects. This assessment is reinforced by a quantitative comparison with relativistic heavy-ion collisions where such effects have been explored extensively.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Underlying Conceptual Frameworks Used to Understand Mental Health by Disabled Members of UK General Public
Creators: name: Dixon, Emily
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2021
Subjects: Social determinants of health
social determinants of mental health
causal beliefs

description: This research explores how disabled members of the general public understand mental health and it’s causes, from the perspective of public mental health (PMH) and the social determinants (SDH). All participants self-identified as disabled based upon diagnosis received from healthcare professionals. Existing research into PMH and SDH does not distinguish mental from physical health. This qualitative research into health generally suggests the public have complex understandings of structural causes. Psychological research does examine mental health independently but does not incorporate structural explanations. It is therefore unclear as to how the public conceptualise mental health, its causes or what influences different frameworks being drawn upon. Within SDH research, lived experiences and many social locations have been excluded, included disability. The current research utilised qualitative interview methodology and thematic analysis to examine how disabled members of the public conceptualise mental health, its causes, and what processes influence different models being drawn upon. Four themes were constructed. The first regarded the impact of the language of health. The second identified that ‘mental health’ was conceptualised through social norm violation. The third incorporated the participants negotiation of labelling using psychiatric diagnosis and social categories. The final theme included different causal models of mental health, namely individualised, embodied causes relating to physical disabilities, oppressive ideologies and institutions. There were many complexities to this research, including the multiple definitions and meanings of disability with their corresponding epistemological stance, multiple ideological frameworks that influence the SDH and difficulties with utilising an intersectional lens. Exploring these themes whilst conducting the research has raised more questions than answers, and as such it has been challenging to draw concrete conclusions. Despite this, I have suggested that future research considers the role of emotional processes in influencing which conceptual models are drawn upon at different times, and have I tentatively suggested potential priorities for PMH. Firstly, to work with the public to develop a shared language for different conceptualisations of mental health, causal models and social locations. Secondly, before work can begin on primary prevention, I would suggest that PMH may work with public services including health and social care and the police to minimise iatrogenic harm that serves to perpetuate the unequal access to resources by marginalised groups who experience health inequalities.
Long-term radio variability of AGN: flare characteristics
Creators: name: Hovatta, T.
name: Nieppola, E.
name: Tornikoski, M.
name: Valtaoja, E.
name: Aller, M. F.
name: Aller, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the flare characteristics of 55 AGN at 8 different frequency bands between 4.8 and 230 GHz. Our extensive database enables us to study the various observational properties of flares in these sources and compare our results with theoretical models. We visually extracted 159 individual flares from the flux density curves and calculated different parameters, such as the peak flux density and duration, in all the frequency bands. The selection of flares is based on the 22 and 37 GHz data from Metsähovi Radio Observatory and 90 and 230 GHz data from the SEST telescope. Additional lower frequency 4.8, 8, and 14.5 GHz data are from the University of Michigan Radio Observatory. We also calculated variability indices and compared them with earlier studies. The observations seem to adhere well to the shock model, but there is still large scatter in the data. Especially the time delays between different frequency bands are difficult to study due to the incomplete sampling of the higher frequencies. The average duration of the flares is 2.5 years at 22 and 37 GHz, which shows that long-term monitoring is essential for understanding the typical behaviour in these sources. It also seems that the energy release in a flare is independent of the duration of the flare.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
What is measured in a photoluminescence experiment on Quantum dots embedded in a large Purcell factor microcavity?
Creators: name: Gayral, Bruno
name: Gerard, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually assumed that when performing a photoluminescence experiment on a microcavity containing an inhomogeneously broadened quantum dots ensemble, the cavity mode appears as a positive peak with a linewidth that reflects the mode quality factor Q. We show in this article that this conclusion is in general not true, and that the measured mode linewidth depends strongly on the excitation power for microcavities having large Purcell factors. We analyze theoretically this effect in the case of the micropillar cavity and we show that the same microcavity can give rise to a large variety of photoluminescence spectral signatures depending on the excitation power and collection set-up. We finally give guidelines to measure the real cavity quality factor by photoluminescence.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
title: Zur Geschlechterungleichheit soziologischer Berufsbezeichnungen im deutschsprachigen Buchdiskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts – eine Culturomics-Analyse
Creators: name: Holzhauser, Nicole
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Culturomics
subject: Disziplinengeschichte
subject: Gender
subject: quantitative Inhaltsanalyse
subject: Sprache
subject: ddc:943

description: In dieser Studie wird der Wandel von Verteilungsungleichheiten zwischen der weiblichen und männlichen soziologischen Berufsbezeichnung im Buchdiskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts (bzw. der ersten 100 Jahre soziologischer Institutionengeschichte ab Gründung der DGS von 1909 bis 2008) mithilfe einer quantitativen Culturomics-Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Der hierfür verwendete Ngram-Datensatz umfasst etwa zwei Prozent aller zwischen 1909 und 2008 veröffentlichten deutschsprachigen Bücher. Es werden die absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten von Nennungen der Ngram-Zeichenketten „Soziologe“ und „Soziologin“ über die Zeit analysiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass es im Buchdiskurs eine angesichts der real fortschreitenden Angleichung des Geschlechterverhältnisses bei der Berufung von Professorinnen und Professoren unerwartete Unterrepräsentation der weiblichen Berufsbezeichnung gibt.
ASAPbio Preprint infographics: post your preprint in 5 steps, publishing process, take action in support of preprints
Creators: name: Singh, Sumeet Pal
name: Ferguson, Christine
name: Ahmad, Umar
name: Puebla, Iratxe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Preprints, ASAPbio, preprint servers, journals, publishing process, community

description: These infographics outline information about preprints, including: a 5-step outline to complete the posting of your preprint, a comparison of the publishing process in a peer-reviewed journal article and on a preprint server, and suggestions for steps you can take to support preprints. The infographics were developed by a group of ASAPbio Fellows.
MedKnowts: Unified Documentation and Information Retrieval for Electronic Health Records
Creators: name: Murray, Luke
name: Gopinath, Divya
name: Agrawal, Monica
name: Horng, Steven
name: Sontag, David
name: Karger, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clinical documentation can be transformed by Electronic Health Records, yet the documentation process is still a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone process. Clinicians are faced with multi-faceted requirements and fragmented interfaces for information exploration and documentation. These challenges are only exacerbated in the Emergency Department -- clinicians often see 35 patients in one shift, during which they have to synthesize an often previously unknown patient's medical records in order to reach a tailored diagnosis and treatment plan. To better support this information synthesis, clinical documentation tools must enable rapid contextual access to the patient's medical record. MedKnowts is an integrated note-taking editor and information retrieval system which unifies the documentation and search process and provides concise synthesized concept-oriented slices of the patient's medical record. MedKnowts automatically captures structured data while still allowing users the flexibility of natural language. MedKnowts leverages this structure to enable easier parsing of long notes, auto-populated text, and proactive information retrieval, easing the documentation burden.
description: 15 Pages, 8 figures, UIST 21, October 10-13
An AC susceptometer for the characterization of large, bulk superconducting samples
Creators: name: Laurent, P
name: Fagnard, J F
name: Vanderheyden, B
name: Babu, N Hari
name: Cardwell, D A
name: Ausloos, M
name: Vanderbemden, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this work was to design, develop and construct a simple, low-cost AC susceptometer to measure large, bulk superconducting samples (up to 32 mm in diameter) in the temperature range 78-120 K. The design incorporates a double heating system that enables a high heating rate (25 K/hour) while maintaining a small temperature gradient (< 0.2 K) across the sample. The apparatus can be calibrated precisely using a copper coil connected in series with the primary coil. The system has been used successfully to measure the temperature dependence of the AC magnetic properties of entire RE-Ba-Cu-O [(RE)BCO] bulk superconducting domains. A typical AC susceptibility measurement run from 78 K to 95 K takes about 2 hours, with excellent temperature resolution (temperature step ~ 4 mK) around the critical temperature, in particular.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Measurement Science and Technology
Responses of some hoverflies to oviposition sites
Creators: name: Henderson, Deborah Elizabeth Hood
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Antennal sensilla of Metasyrphus venablesi (Cn.) and Eupeodes volucris 0.S. (Diptera: Syrphidae) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Males and females both had four types of sensilla. Three of these, two multiporous perforated (MPP) sensilla (one round-tipped and one pointed), and a grooved peg, multiporous sen-sillum, were also confirmed by SEM on the following species: Syrphus torvus (♂, ♀) Scaeva pyrastri (♂, ♀), Dasysyrphus amalopsis (♀), Xantho- grarnma flavipes (♀), Brachyopa perplexa (♂), Pipiza sp. (♀), Xylota sp. (♂). The fourth MPP sensillum had thicker walls and fewer pores. All four types were located among dense non-innervated setae on the antennal bulb and appeared to be olfactory. EAG study of the antennae of female M. venablesi and E. volucris showed that both species responded to: common green plant volatiles, trans- and cis-2-hexen-1-ol, trans- and cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenylacetate, and hexanol; other volatile plant substances, methylsal-icylate and amylacetate; crushed carnation petals and crushed aphids. There was no response to honeydew or some of its components (e.g. tryptophan, indolealdehyde or indoleacetaldehyde) nor was there a response to water vapour. A gustatory sensillum on the ovipositor of these two species was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by neuro-physiological methods. One mechanosensitive and four chemosensitive neurons innervate each hair. The chemosensitive neurons are exposed to the exterior by a terminal pore, and respond to honeydew, tryptophan, indoleacetaldehyde, alanine, sucrose, and water. Labellar hairs are also sensitive to sucrose. Olfactometer study of M. venablesi and E. volucris showed that olfactory stimulation by flowers would induce searching by both sexes. A mixture of tryptophan and indoleacetaldehyde induced mated females to search for and locate the stimulus. Other components of the oviposition stimulus - crushed plant, un infested plant, and aphids did not induce searching. Physiological condition of the insect affected response to aphid-infested plants. Mated females, previously exposed to the stimulus, were more responsive than mated, inexperienced females or unmated, previously exposed females. Unmated, inexperienced females were least responsive. Mated and previously exposed males were more responsive than unmated, inexperienced males. Elements of the oviposition stimulus were presented on green glass rods to mated females. The attractive elements included fresh dead aphids, honeydew, crushed bean, tryptophan and indoleacetaldehyde, and clusters of black spots similar in size to aphids. Males were attracted only to honeydew and crushed bean. Both sexes responded to potential food sources, such as honeydew, but only females responded to aphids and attractants that characterized oviposition sites. A stimulus-response sequence is proposed for these aphidophagous syrphids that involves dual and/or multiple stimulus combinations.
Discussion: One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models: Who cares if it is a white cat or a black Cat?
Creators: name: Meng, Xiao-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F99 (Primary) 62F15 (Secondary)

description: Discussion of ``One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models'' [arXiv:0808.1012]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS0316B the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A short-memory operator splitting scheme for constant-Q viscoelastic wave equation
Creators: name: Xiong, Yunfeng
name: Guo, Xu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a short-memory operator splitting scheme for solving the constant-Q wave equation, where the fractional stress-strain relation contains multiple Caputo fractional derivatives with order much smaller than 1. The key is to exploit its extension problem by converting the flat singular kernels into strongly localized ones, so that the major contribution of weakly singular integrals over a semi-infinite interval can be captured by a few Laguerre functions with proper asymptotic behavior. Despite its success in reducing both memory requirement and arithmetic complexity, we show that numerical accuracy under prescribed memory variables may deteriorate in time due to the dynamical increments of projection errors. Fortunately, it can be considerably alleviated by introducing a suitable scaling factor $β> 1$ and pushing the collocation points closer to origin. An operator splitting scheme is introduced to solve the resulting set of equations, where the auxiliary dynamics can be solved exactly, so that it gets rid of the numerical stiffness and discretization errors. Numerical experiments on both 1-D diffusive wave equation and 2-D constant-Q $P$- and $S$-wave equations are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
title: Verpartnerungen gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare. Eine fotoanalytische Fallstudie
Creators: name: Schallat, Janine
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Beziehung
subject: eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft
subject: Fotoanalyse
subject: Kunst
subject: Pratiken der Verpartnerung
subject: Verpartnerungsfotografien
subject: ddc:300

description: Mittels einer exemplarischen Fotoanalyse einer Verpartnerungsfotografie werden in diesem Beitrag die vielschichtigen Bedeutungszuweisungen, die die Verpartnerungen durch die Akteur_innen in den Partnerschaften selbst erhalten, sowie die Praxis der Verpartnerung erarbeitet und diskutiert. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Verpartnerungen über weitaus weniger kulturell verankerte Bedeutungszuschreibungen seitens der Paare, aber auch seitens anderer gesellschaftlicher Akteur_innen, als jene der Hochzeit verfügen und somit die Akteur_innen selbst, innerhalb von Aushandlungen, diese Bedeutungszuschreibungen leisten. Dabei liegt es nahe, dass die eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft als eheähnliches Institut gleichermaßen Reproduktionen und Neuaushandlungen der ehelichen Symboliken erfährt. Das fotografische Material, auf dem der Beitrag basiert, wird zum einen als wichtiges Element der Verpartnerungspraxis wahrgenommen. Zum anderen ist es in seiner Eigensinnigkeit besonders geeignet, vielschichtige und ambivalente Bedeutungszuschreibungen in einer Simultanität sichtbar zu machen.
A New Model for Fractons, Fluxons, and Freeons
Creators: name: Kim, Jintae
name: Han, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a lattice spin model on a cubic lattice that shares many of the properties of the 3D toric code and the X-cube fracton model. The model, made of Z_3 degrees of freedom at the links, has the vertex, the cube, and the plaquette terms. Being a stabilizer code the ground states are exactly solved. With only the vertex and the cube terms present, we show that the ground state degeneracy (GSD) is 3^(L3+3L-1) where L is the linear dimension of the cubic lattice. In addition to fractons, there are free vertex excitations we call the freeons. With the addition of the plaquette terms, GSD is vastly reduced to 3^3, with fracton, fluxon, and freeon excitations, among which only the freeons are deconfined. The model is called the AB model if only the vertex (A_v) and the cube (B_c) terms are present, and the ABC model if in addition the plaquette terms (C_p) are included. The AC model consisting of vertex and plaquette terms is the Z_3 3D toric code. The extensive GSD of the AB model derives from the existence of both local and non-local logical operators that connect different ground states. The latter operators are identical to the logical operators of the Z_3 X-cube model. Fracton excitations are immobile and accompanied by the creation of fluxons - plaquettes having nonzero flux. In the ABC model, such fluxon creation costs energy and ends up confining the fractons. Unlike past models of fractons, vertex excitations are free to move in any direction and pick up a non-trivial statistical phase when passing through a fluxon or a fracton cluster.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
New conditional symmetries and exact solutions of reaction-diffusion systems with power diffusivities
Creators: name: Cherniha, Roman
name: Pliukhin, Oleksii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20N99, 35K40

description: A wide range of new Q-conditional symmetries for reaction-diffusion systems with power diffusivities are constructed. The relevant non-Lie ansatze to reduce the reaction-diffusion systems to ODE systems and examples of exact solutions are obtained. The relation of the solutions obtained with the development of spatially inhomogeneous structures is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary Information from Sum of fears among intraguild predators drives the survival of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs
Creators: name: Liao, Chen-Pan
name: Jung-Ya Hsu
name: Huang, Shi-Ping
name: Rulon W. Clark
name: Lin, Jhan-Wei
name: Tseng, Hui-Yun
name: Wen-San Huang
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Ecologists have long theorized that apex predators stabilize trophic systems by exerting a net protective effect on the basal resource of a food web. Although experimental and observational studies have borne this out, it is not always clear what behavioural mechanisms among the trophically connected species are responsible for this stability. Fear of intraguild predation is commonly identified as one such mechanism in models and mesocosm studies, but empirical evidence in natural systems remains limited, as the complexity of many trophic systems renders detailed behavioural studies of species interactions challenging. Here, we combine long-term field observations of a trophic system in nature with experimental behavioural studies of how all the species in this system interact, in both pairs and groups. The results demonstrate how an abundant, sessile and palatable prey item (sea turtle eggs, Chelonia mydas) survives when faced by three potential predators that all readily eat eggs: an apex predator (the stink ratsnake, Elaphe carinata) and two mesopredators (the brown rat, Rattus norvegicus, and kukri snake, Oligodon formosanus). Our results detail how fear of intraguild predation, conspecific cannibalism, habitat structure and territorial behaviour among these species interact in a complex fashion that results in high egg survival.
The nature of H{\sc i}-absorption-selected galaxies at $z \approx 4$
Creators: name: Kaur, B.
name: Kanekar, N.
name: Rafelski, M.
name: Neeleman, M.
name: Revalski, M.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) search for redshifted CO(1-0) or CO(2-1) emission, and a Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera~3 (HST-WFC3) search for rest-frame near-ultraviolet (NUV) stellar emission, from seven HI-selected galaxies associated with high-metallicity ([M/H]~$\geq -1.3$) damped Ly$α$ absorbers (DLAs) at $z\approx 4$. The galaxies were earlier identified by ALMA imaging of their [CII]~158$μ$m emission. We also used the JVLA to search for CO(2-1) emission from the field of a low-metallicity ([M/H]~$=-2.47$) DLA at $z\approx 4.8$. No statistically significant CO emission is detected from any of the galaxies, yielding upper limits of $M_{mol}
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Efficient use of the Generalized Eigenvalue Problem
Creators: name: Blossier, B.
name: von Hippel, G.
name: Mendes, T.
name: Sommer, R.
name: Della Morte, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the systematic errors made when using the generalized eigenvalue problem to extract energies and matrix elements in lattice gauge theory. Effective theories such as HQET are also discussed. Numerical results are shown for the extraction of ground-state and excited B-meson masses and the ground-state decay constant in the static approximation.
description: 8 pages, 3 postscript figures; talk presented at the XXVI Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, July 14-19 2008
Magnetic hysteresis of individual Janus particles with hemispherical exchange-biased caps
Creators: name: Philipp, S.
name: Gross, B.
name: Reginka, M.
name: Merkel, M.
name: Claus, M.
name: Sulliger, M.
name: Ehresmann, A.
name: Poggio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use sensitive dynamic cantilever magnetometry to measure the magnetic hysteresis of individual magnetic Janus particles. These particles consist of hemispherical caps of magnetic material deposited on micrometer-scale silica spheres. The measurements, combined with corresponding micromagnetic simulations, reveal the magnetic configurations present in these individual curved magnets. In remanence, ferromagnetic Janus particles are found to host a global vortex state with vanishing magnetic moment. In contrast, a remanent onion state with significant moment is recovered by imposing an exchange bias to the system via an additional antiferromagnetic layer in the cap. A robust remanent magnetic moment is crucial for most applications of magnetic Janus particles, in which an external magnetic field actuates their motion.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 9-page supplementary information
Nonlinear magnetic diffusivity and alpha tensors in helical turbulence
Creators: name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Rädler, K. -H.
name: Rheinhardt, M.
name: Subramanian, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of a dynamo-generated mean magnetic field of Beltrami type on the mean electromotive force is studied. In the absence of the mean magnetic field the turbulence is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic, but it becomes inhomogeneous and anisotropic with this field. Using the testfield method the dependence of the alpha and turbulent diffusivity tensors on the magnetic Reynolds number Rm is determined for magnetic fields that have reached approximate equipartition with the velocity field. The tensor components are characterized by a pseudoscalar alpha and a scalar turbulent magnetic diffusivity etat. Increasing Rm from 2 to 600 reduces etat by a factor ~5, suggesting that the quenching of etat is, in contrast to the 2-dimensional case, only weakly dependent on Rm. Over the same range of Rm, however, alpha is reduced by a factor ~14, which can qualitatively be explained by a corresponding increase of a magnetic contribution to the alpha effect with opposite sign. The level of fluctuations of alpha and etat is only 10% and 20% of the respective kinematic reference values.
description: 4 pages, 3 figs, ApJL (accepted version)
Universality in the Energy Spectrum of Medium-Sized Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Odriazola, Alexander
name: Delgado, Alain
name: González, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a two-dimensional parabolic quantum dot charged with $N$ electrons, Thomas-Fermi theory states that the ground-state energy satisfies the following non-trivial relation: $E_{gs}/(\hbarω)\approx N^{3/2} f_{gs}(N^{1/4}β)$, where the coupling constant, $β$, is the ratio between Coulomb and oscillator ($\hbarω$) characteristic energies, and $f_{gs}$ is a universal function. We perform extensive Configuration Interaction calculations in order to verify that the exact energies of relatively large quantum dots approximately satisfy the above relation. In addition, we show that the number of energy levels for intraband and interband (excitonic and biexcitonic) excitations of the dot follows a simple exponential dependence on the excitation energy, whose exponent, $1/Θ$, satisfies also an approximate scaling relation {\it a la} Thomas-Fermi, $Θ/(\hbarω)\approx N^{-γ} g(N^{1/4}β)$. We provide an analytic expression for $f_{gs}$, based on two-point Padé approximants, and two-parameter fits for the $g$ functions.
description: final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Quantum SUSY Algebra of $Q$-lumps in the Massive Grassmannian Sigma Model
Creators: name: Nakajima, Hiroaki
name: Oh, Phillial
name: Shin, Sunyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the $\mathcal{N}=2$ SUSY algebra of the massive Grassmannian sigma model in 2+1 dimensions. We first rederive the action of the model by using the Scherk-Schwarz dimensional reduction from $\mathcal{N}=1$ theory in 3+1 dimensions. Then, we perform the canonical quantization by using the Dirac method. We find that a particular choice of the operator ordering yields the quantum SUSY algebra of the $Q$-lumps with cental extension.
description: 7 pages, references added
Physically-Relativized Church-Turing Hypotheses
Creators: name: Ziegler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We turn `the' Church-Turing Hypothesis from an ambiguous source of sensational speculations into a (collection of) sound and well-defined scientific problem(s): Examining recent controversies, and causes for misunderstanding, concerning the state of the Church-Turing Hypothesis (CTH), suggests to study the CTH relative to an arbitrary but specific physical theory--rather than vaguely referring to ``nature'' in general. To this end we combine (and compare) physical structuralism with (models of computation in) complexity theory. The benefit of this formal framework is illustrated by reporting on some previous, and giving one new, example result(s) of computability and complexity in computational physics.
description: interdisciplinary paper: philosophy of physics, computational physics, computational complexity and computability
Mother and daughters in twentieth century women’s fiction
Creators: name: Johnston, Sue Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Twentieth century women's novels dramatize the daughter's conflicting desires to merge and to separate. Daughters are pulled between the passivity implied by attachment and autonomy they may construe as isolation. A psychoanalytic approach helps to illumine the struggles of daughters to reconcile the need for independence and the need for autonomy. In the struggle to define her own identity, a woman must learn to accept both her kinship with the mother and her separateness. In twentieth century women's novels, heroines have been moving away from the typical Victorian solutions to female identity—marriage and self-sacrifice. In an early novel such as May Sinclair's Mary Olivier, the heroine sacrifices her chance for marriage and remains tied to her mother's side; spiritually, however, she escapes into a mystical detachment. In Edith Wharton's novels, heroines are often caught in a love triangle, unable to reconcile their needs for mother love and sexual love; usually they end up alone. In later novels such as Doris Lessing's, the heroine leaves home to discover her own identity, but because she remains so closely identified with the mother, rejection of the mother means self-rejection. She struggles, then, to accept ambivalence toward her mother and toward herself, finally gaining a vision of integration through fantasy. Finally, in three recent novels—Lady Oracle, Jerusalem the Golden, and Earthly Possessions—the daughters learn that they cannot deny their mothers and their past in order to create themselves anew; they must re-discover the bond with the mother, but this time as adults rather than children. In Lady Oracle and Jerusalem the Golden, daughters struggle with guilt and self-hatred before they learn to recognize their underlying love for the mother. In Earthly Possessions, the heroine moves through emotional recognition of the mother-bond to discover a capacity for both intimacy and separateness.
Parity-violating macroscopic force between chiral molecules and source mass
Creators: name: Hu, Yonghong
name: Liu, Zhongzhu
name: Xu, Qing
name: Luo, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory concerning non-zero macroscopic chirality-dependent force between a source mass and homochiral molecules due to the exchange of light particles is presented in this paper. This force is proposed to have opposite sign for molecules with opposite chirality. Using the central field approximation, we calculate this force between a copper block and a vessel of chiral molecules (methyl phenyl carbinol nitrite). The magnitude of force is estimated with the published limits of the scalar and pseudo-scalar coupling constants. Based on our theoretical model, this force may violate the equivalence principle when the homochiral molecules are used to be the test masses.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Finite wavelength cloaking by plasmonic resonance
Creators: name: Nicorovici, N-A P
name: McPhedran, R C
name: Enoch, S
name: Tayeb, G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider cloaking by a coated cylindrical system using plasmonic resonance, and extend previous quasistatic treatments to include the effect of finite wavelength. We show that a probe cylinder can still be cloaked at finite wavelengths, but the cloaking cylinder develops a non-zero scattering cross-section. We show that this latter effect is dominated by a monopole term in the case of an ideal (lossless) cloaking material, and by a dipole term in the case of a realistic (lossy) material. It can be reduced but not eliminated by variations of geometric or dielectric parameters of the cloaking cylinder.
Estimation Error Correction in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Deterministic Actor-Critic Methods
Creators: name: Saglam, Baturay
name: Duran, Enes
name: Cicek, Dogan C.
name: Mutlu, Furkan B.
name: Kozat, Suleyman S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In value-based deep reinforcement learning methods, approximation of value functions induces overestimation bias and leads to suboptimal policies. We show that in deep actor-critic methods that aim to overcome the overestimation bias, if the reinforcement signals received by the agent have a high variance, a significant underestimation bias arises. To minimize the underestimation, we introduce a parameter-free, novel deep Q-learning variant. Our Q-value update rule combines the notions behind Clipped Double Q-learning and Maxmin Q-learning by computing the critic objective through the nested combination of maximum and minimum operators to bound the approximate value estimates. We evaluate our modification on the suite of several OpenAI Gym continuous control tasks, improving the state-of-the-art in every environment tested.
High-energy hadron-hadron (dipole-dipole) scattering from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Giordano, M.
name: Meggiolaro, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the problem of high-energy hadron-hadron (dipole-dipole) scattering is approached (for the first time) from the point of view of lattice QCD, by means of Monte Carlo numerical simulations. In the first part, we give a brief review of how high-energy scattering amplitudes can be reconstructed, using a functional-integral approach, in terms of certain correlation functions of two Wilson loops and we also briefly recall some relevant analyticity and crossing-symmetry properties of these loop-loop correlation functions, when going from Euclidean to Minkowskian theory. In the second part, we shall see how these (Euclidean) loop-loop correlation functions can be evaluated in lattice QCD and we shall compare our numerical results with some nonperturbative analytical estimates that appeared in the literature, discussing in particular the question of the analytic continuation from Euclidean to Minkowskian theory and its relation to the still unsolved problem of the asymptotic s-dependence of the hadron-hadron total cross sections.
description: Revised version (to be published in Phys. Rev. D) with new comments in section 4, a new figure [Fig. 6], two new references in Refs. [3] and [34], and some other minor changes; 27 pages, 17 figures
title: Eingreifendes Denken – die Historikerin Annette Kuhn im Geschichtsdiskurs der Bundesrepublik seit 1964
Creators: name: Schmidt, Uta C.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Annette Kuhn
subject: Didaktik
subject: Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
subject: Geschichte
subject: Geschichtswissenschaft
subject: Geschlechterforschung
subject: Intellektuelle
subject: Wissenschaft
subject: ddc:943

description: Auf der Grundlage eines Intellektuellenbegriffs, der Forschungen jenseits von normativen Festschreibungen und Selbstentwürfen perspektiviert, beschäftigt sich der Beitrag mit der Historikerin Annette Kuhn. Die Frage nach Spuren „Eingreifenden Denkens“ steht dabei im Zentrum. Im Sinne aktueller historischer Intellektuellenforschung wird zur Diskussion der zentralen Thesen ein biografischer Zugang mit zeitgeschichtlichen und wissenssoziologischen Perspektiven verknüpft; hierzu werden Denkbewegungen, Möglichkeitshorizonte, Ereignis- und Handlungskonstellationen seit den 1960er Jahren rekonstruiert.
title: Feminist thought(s) as dirty intellectuality: the case of Andrea Dworkin
Creators: name: Pivec, Nataša
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Andrea Dworkin
subject: embodiment
subject: feminism
subject: Feminismus
subject: knowledge
subject: Other
subject: Wissen
subject: ddc:300

description: The wide spectrum of feminist thoughts, from art to epistemology, which are centred around gender and its multi-leveled arrangements in society is, when not aligned with predominant epistemic premises or artistic standards of hegemonic masculinity, rendered as Other or dirty. The concept of Otherness is ascribed to the knower/producer on behalf of her sex and her epistemic focus, which transgresses several dichotomous frameworks of the body–mind dualism, epistemological traditions, gendered categorization of professions, gender binarism and body norms of conventional femininity. The life and work of radical feminist Andrea Dworkin was analyzed in order to confirm the theoretical premise of the article, namely that when a woman positions herself as a knower and produces knowledge, (self)categorized as a feminist, she is perceived as a threat to the system of structures, discourses and practices of the gender order.
The origins and development of collective bargaining by nurses in British Columbia, 1912-76
Creators: name: Goldstone, Irene Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Collective bargaining by nurses in British Columbia began in the mid 1940's, but the origins of concern about the terms and conditions of employment of nurses are identified as existing prior to the founding of the Registered Nurses Association of British Columbia. The Board and Annual minutes, 1912-76, of the Association were examined and selected materials such as journals and interviews were reviewed to triangulate the validity of the data. Applying grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) to the data, dominant and secondary themes reflecting the Association's activities and concerns emerged. Analysis of the themes generated the categories of control of the work force, control of work practice and control of the work environment. That is, during the period under study, the Association struggled to exercise control over an uncertain environment. A series of strategies which the Association pursued are examined. Two groups within the Association are identified; cosmopolitans and locals (Merton, 1957). Discontent amongst the locals, the importance of which was recognized by the cosmopolitans resulted in the efforts of the Association shifting to concentrate on the control of the work environment. This process resulted in the entry of the Association into collective bargaining.
A new molecular dynamics calculation and its application to the spectra of light and strange baryons
Creators: name: Watanabe, T.
name: Oosawa, M.
name: Saito, K.
name: Oryu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach based on antisymmetrized molecular dynamics is proposed to correctly take account of the many-body correlation. We applied it to the spectra of low-lying, light and strange baryons. The inclusion of the quark-quark correlation is vital to predict the precise spectra, and the semi-relativistic kinematics is also important to correct the level ordering. The baryon spectra calculated by the present method is as precise as the Faddeev calculation.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Theoretical Behaviors of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Circular Contact
with Newtonian Fluid
Creators: name: Khanittha  Wongseedakaew
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen Univeristy
Year: 2012
Subjects: Reynolds equation, Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, Multigrid method, Circular contact

description: 2, 39, KKU Engineering Journal
Algorithms and Decision-Making in the Public Sector
Creators: name: Levy, Karen
name: Chasalow, Kyla
name: Riley, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article surveys the use of algorithmic systems to support decision-making in the public sector. Governments adopt, procure, and use algorithmic systems to support their functions within several contexts -- including criminal justice, education, and benefits provision -- with important consequences for accountability, privacy, social inequity, and public participation in decision-making. We explore the social implications of municipal algorithmic systems across a variety of stages, including problem formulation, technology acquisition, deployment, and evaluation. We highlight several open questions that require further empirical research.
Discussion: One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models
Creators: name: Zhang, Cun-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of ``One-step sparse estimates in nonconcave penalized likelihood models'' [arXiv:0808.1012]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS0316C the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Lepton pair production in ultra-peripheral collisions
Creators: name: Wang, Ren-jie
name: Pu, Shi
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lepton pair production in ultra-peripheral collisions (UPC) is studied in the classical field approximation. We derive a general form of the cross section in terms of photon distributions which depend on the transverse momentum and coordinate based on the wave packet form of nuclear wave functions. Such a general form of the cross section in the classical field approximation contains the results of the generalized equivalent photon approximation (EPA) as well as the corrections beyond EPA in the Born approximation. By rewriting the general form of the cross section in light-cone coordinates, we find a good connection with the transverse momentum dependent distribution (TMD) factorization formalism in the Born approximation. Our numerical results are consistent with current experimental data.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures
Non-Gaussianity, Isocurvature Perturbation, Gravitational Waves and a No-Go Theorem for Isocurvaton
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Lin, Chunshan
name: Wang, Tower
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the isocurvaton model, in which the isocurvature perturbation plays a role in suppressing the curvature perturbation, and large non-Gaussianity and gravitational waves can be produced with no isocurvature perturbation for dark matter. We show that in the slow roll non-interacting multi-field theory, the isocurvaton mechanism can not be realized. This result can also be generalized to most of the studied models with generalized kinetic terms. We also study the implications for the curvaton model. We show that there is a combined constraint for curvaton on non-Gaussianity, gravitational waves and isocurvature perturbation. The technique used in this paper can also help to simplify some calculations in the mixed inflaton and curvaton models. We also investigate possibilities to produce large negative non-Gaussianity and nonlocal non-Gaussianity in the curvaton model.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure