cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk associated with spatio-temporal variations in trace metals and a metalloid in a major freshwater reservoir of Pakistan
Creators: name: Uzma Imran
name: Weidhaas, Jennifer
name: Asmat Ullah
name: Kaleemullah Shaikh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Keenjhar Lake in Pakistan provides several ecosystems services including drinking water to millions of people. The seasonal variation (pre-, during, and post-monsoon) in Keenjhar Lake water quality was investigated during nine sampling rounds at ten locations. Water samples (n = 270) were analyzed for As, Cd, Cr(III), Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Cr(VI) with a UV spectrophotometer, and water quality parameters (solids, oxygen, conductivity, and pH). Several elements exceeded WHO or Pakistan safe limits for unrestricted use including As (0.038 mg·L−1, 95th upper confidence limit), Cr(III) (0.15 mg·L−1), Cd (0.11 mg·L−1), Fe (0.42 mg·L−1), Ni (0.037 mg·L−1), and Pb (0.04 mg·L−1). Monsoon levels of chromium, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb were higher than other seasons, while As was highest during post-monsoon, and Ni was highest during pre and post-monsoon. There were significant spatial differences in metals concentrations in the lake. As, Cu, and Fe significantly declined in concentration with distance from the lake inlet. Using the lake as a source of drinking water presented unacceptable carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic hazards. This study suggests measures should be taken to limit discharge of pollution to the lake and future monitoring should consider seasonal monsoon effects on lake quality.
Land use change, carbon sequestration and poverty alleviation
Creators: name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Cavatassi, Romina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Land Economics/Use

description: Land use change is a key requirement for improving rural incomes and making a significant reduction in poverty levels globally. Over 70% of the world's poor are located in rural areas, with land use as a major source of subsistence. Improving the productivity of their land use systems is essential for increasing incomes and food security among them. Land use change is also a relatively low cost and rapidly implementable means of climate change mitigation. To the extent that the land use changes required for poverty alleviation coincide with that required for carbon sequestration, significant synergies can be harnessed in meeting both objectives. Estimates of predicted supply costs and demand prices indicate that several types of land use change appropriate for small and low income landusers will be a competitive source of emission reduction credits, although again there is considerable uncertainty in the final form of the market. However, even where there is significant potential for sequestration payments to contribute to poverty alleviation, considerable effort will be required to move from the objectives to the reality. In some cases this may be made through the structure of carbon sequestration payment programs, to address the investment and insurance needs of poor producers and provide adequate incentives for participation. In other cases larger institutional and policy reforms may be necessary in order to create the conditions necessary for poor landusers to benefit from carbon sequestration payments.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae046t.pdf
Axisymmetric metrics in arbitrary dimensions
Creators: name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Gregory, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider axially symmetric static metrics in arbitrary dimension, both with and without a cosmological constant. The most obvious such solutions have an SO(n) group of Killing vectors representing the axial symmetry, although one can also consider abelian groups which represent a flat `internal space'. We relate such metrics to lower dimensional dilatonic cosmological metrics with a Liouville potential. We also develop a duality relation between vacuum solutions with internal curvature and those with zero internal curvature but a cosmological constant. This duality relation gives a solution generating technique permitting the mapping of different spacetimes. We give a large class of solutions to the vacuum or cosmological constant spacetimes. We comment on the extension of the C-metric to higher dimensions and provide a novel solution for a braneworld black hole.
description: 36 pages, LaTeX (JHEP), 4 figures, section added (published version)
Social capital and poverty: Lessons from case studies in Mexico and Central America
Creators: name: Flores, Margarita
name: Rello, Fernando
name: Flores, Margarita
name: Rello, Fernando
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: The aim of this article is to study the relations between social capital (SC) and the result of the efforts made by poor groups to reduce their poverty and social exclusion. To this end, SC is defined as the ability to obtain benefits from networks of social relations. This definition is then applied to the analysis of rural organizations in Mexico and Central America. The authors conclude that SC is a key resource in the success of the projects of the poor groups analyzed. However, in order for this to occur, certain conditions have to be met such as the preservation of social cohesion, the ability to solve new problems and a favorable economic and political climate.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae045t.pdf
Armed conflicts and food security
Creators: name: Teodosijevic, Slobodanka B.
name: Teodosijevic, Slobodanka B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Despite the end of the Cold War conflicts are still very frequent and most of them occur in developing countries. However, the nature of conflicts has changed and the proportion of civilian fatalities has increased markedly. The causes and consequences of conflicts are often a complex mix of inter-linked economic, environmental, political, cultural and religious factors. The human, social and economic costs of armed conflict are massive. Thousands of men, women and children die each year as a direct and indirect consequence of war. About 25 million people were displaced by the end of 2001. GDP per-capita is estimated to decline by about 2.2 % per year during conflict, with sectors which have high transaction costs hit more severely. Although the agricultural sector is typically less affected than industry per-capita agricultural production falls by about 1.5 % per year in periods of conflict. Food production is usually reduced, and in some cases collapses, leading to hunger and starvation and forcing large numbers of people to migrate. Food aid buffers food-intake levels to some extent but calorie availability per-capita-per-day does fall by an average of about 7 percent as a result of conflict. Food itself frequently becomes a weapon during conflict. The destruction of rural infrastructure, the loss of livestock, deforestation, the widespread use of land-mines as well as the population movements lead to long-term food security problems, particularly when these factors interact with natural disasters. Subsistence farming, crop diversification, divestment and migration are some of the survival strategies that people resort to. Agricultural sector recovery depends on successful demobilization of soldiers, land de-mining and the reconstruction of rural infrastructure, in particular roads and irrigation.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae044t.pdf
Explaining success in reducing under-nourishment numbers in Ghana
Creators: name: Aggrey-Fynn, Emmanuel
name: Banini, Godsway
name: Croppenstedt, André
name: Owusu-Agyapong, Yvonne
name: Oduru, George
name: Aggrey-Fynn, Emmanuel
name: Banini, Godsway
name: Croppenstedt, André
name: Owusu-Agyapong, Yvonne
name: Oduru, George
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: In particular public sector and private formal sector employees and export farmers benefited from the complete turnaround in the macroeconomic environment and performance. Fundamentally this turnaround could not have happened without the political will to implement policies that were economically painful for many Ghanaians and which met with significant political opposition. Other indicators of food-poverty and under-nutrition suggest that while Ghana made progress in reducing hunger the achievements have not been as spectacular as indicated by FAO's measure of under-nourishment. Or, to turn this around, the evidence would suggest that food availability is no longer the key constraint. Rather the focus must be targeted at the lack of access to food by particular occupational groups such as food farmers and in particular regions, such as the Upper East and Upper West regions. Furthermore, the anthropometric data indicate that targeted interventions at, for example, mother's education and nutritional status, are required.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae043t.pdf
Faint LAEs near z>4.7 CIV absorbers revealed by MUSE
Creators: name: Diaz, C. Gonzalo
name: Ryan-Weber, Emma
name: Karman, Wouter
name: Caputi, Karina
name: Salvadori, Stefania
name: Crighton, Neil
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Vanzella, Eros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from the search for Lyman Alpha emitters (LAEs) in the proximity of 11 CIV absorption systems at $z > 4.7$ in the spectrum of the QSO J1030+0524, using data from MUSE. We have found multiple LAE candidates close to four CIV systems at $z_{CIV} = 4.94$-5.74 with log$_{10}$(N CIV[cm$^{-2}$])$ > 13.5.$ At z = 5-6, CIV systems with W0(CIV) $> 0.2$ Å seem more likely to have galaxies with Ly$α$ emission within $ρ< 200$ proper kpc (4/5 cases), than the CIV systems with W0(CIV)$ < 0.2$ Å (0/6 cases). The impact parameter of LAE-CIV systems with equivalent widths W0(CIV)$ > 0.5 $ Å is in the range 11 $ < ρ 4.9$ CIV systems suggest that the absorbing material is rather young, likely ejected in the recent past of the galaxies at these redshifts. The connection between faint LAEs and high-ionization absorption systems reported in this work, is potentially a consequence of the role of low mass galaxies in the early evolution of the circum-galactic and intergalactic media.
description: 21 pages, 23 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Identification of naturally originated molecules as γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist
Creators: name: Jatin Sharma
name: Bhardwaj, Vijay
name: Pralay Das
name: Rituraj Purohit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: γ-aminobutyric acid, being a principle neuromediator in humans controlling the inhibition signals, acts on the ligand-gated pentameric type A receptors to transmit their response. Any dysfunction of these receptors leads to neurological disorders and mental illness. Benzodiazepine has been used extensively for the treatment of these disorders, which shows its effect by reducing the threshold concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid required to activate the receptor. Being a central nervous system depressant, benzodiazepine is also a common substance of abuse along with other recreational drugs that show affinity towards the benzodiazepine binding site. Flumazenil is considered the first line of treatment for the overdose of these substances, which competes with them to bind with the receptor having a higher binding affinity towards the receptor. Like most of the synthetic drugs, Flumazenil also has some side-effects associated with it. Here we focus our work towards finding specific naturally originated antagonist of the benzodiazepine binding site to suggest an alternative for Flumazenil by performing various computational analysis like docking experiments followed by simulations and molecular mechanics poisson-boltzmann surface area analysis. Molecular docking experiments filtered out four ligand molecules specific for the benzodiazepine binding site, namely, ligand-1,7,9 and 17. Further, molecular dynamics simulations showed ligand-17 to have stable conformation in the binding site as well as a lower binding free energy as compared to Flumazenil. Due to its natural origin, ligand-17 is supposed to have lower side effects; therefore, its backbone can be further explored to develop specific antagonists of benzodiazepines.
Millisecond Oscillations During Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Muno, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the basic phenomenology and theory of the millisecond brightness oscillations observed during thermonuclear X-ray bursts from 13 of approximately 70 accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Compelling observations indicate that the oscillations are produced by surface brightness patterns on the rapidly rotating neutron stars. However, it remains to be understood (1) why the brightness patterns producing them persist for up to 15 s during an X-ray burst, whereas the burning should cover the entire surface in less than 1 s, and (2) why the frequencies drift upward by about 5 Hz during the course of the burst. These peculiarities can probably be explained by taking into account the expansion of the surface layers caused by the burning, zonal flows that form due to pressure gradients between the equator and poles, and Rossby-Alfven modes that are excited in the surface ocean. Further progress toward understanding how burning progresses on the surface of the neutron star can be made with a next-generation X-ray timing mission, which would provide a larger sample of sources with oscillations, detect sideband signals produced by the spectrum of modes that should be excited in the neutron star ocean, and measure harmonic structure in the profiles of the oscillations. These observations would be crucial for measuring the distribution of the rotation rates of neutron stars, the progression of unstable nuclear burning in the accreted ocean, and the curvature of the space-time around the neutron star.
description: Review article for "X-Ray Timing 2003: Rossi and Beyond", ed. P. Kaaret, F. K. Lamb, & J. H. Swank (Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics). 6 pages, including 5 figures
Agricultural export performance in Africa: Elements of comparison with Asia
Creators: name: Ngaruko, Floribert
name: Ngaruko, Floribert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: This study addresses the strategies and the factors of agricultural export performance in Africa compared with other regions, especially Asia. Regarding the figures of agricultural export performance across these regions, the study finds that agricultural export commodities, either primary or processed, are less diversified in sub-Saharan Africa as compared to Asia, but that diversification evolves more favorably in Africa compared to Asia for primary, as opposed to processed, agricultural exports. The paper also finds sharp sub-regional differences. The study then investigates the extent to which the underlying strategies conform to international commodity price incentives. It confirms such conformity for primary commodities for Latin America and the Caribbean, followed by sub-Saharan Africa. As regards processed commodities, sub-Saharan Africa is found to have the best track record, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. The study finds that Asian commodities have the most unfavorable structure, but that this structure improves the fastest. The study also analyzes the extent to which different strategies are complementary or substitutable. The findings support the hypothesis of complementariness relatively more so than that of substitutability, as if the line of demarcation separated good and poor performers more clearly than the specific strategies in which they perform, but the most dominating feature is the looseness of the relationship among different strategies. To explain African versus Asian differences, a succinct review of the factors of performance in Asia and a discussion of their relevance for Africa is carried out. Thus, while human and physical capital is generally found to have played a central role in Asian export promotion, this study argues that these factors are not what make the difference with Africa in the first place. Likewise, this paper argues that neither macroeconomic stability, nor international market imperfections a make notable difference. A regression-based exercise shows that the impact of these factors on performance is subject to the quality of governance, thus suggesting that institutions are the decisive factor that determines performance in the first place. To support this view, the paper proposes two contrasted African case studies ' Burundi versus Uganda ', which suggest that the interactions between biased distributive politics and export policies are responsible for a large part of the African export counter-performance. Accordingly, the study argues that addressing institutions prior to, or at least along with, other efforts seeking to improve the macroeconomic environment and to liberalize and deregulate the economy is a requirement for African countries to significantly improve their agricultural export performance.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae042t.pdf
Εθνική ανάκαμψη μετά από περιόδους πληθωρισμού
Creators: name: Παπαλέξης, Αθανάσιος Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Πληθωρισμός
Εθνική ανάκαμψη
Αντιπληθωριστικά μέτρα
Inflation
National recovery
Anti-inflationary measures

description: Η εθνική ανάκαμψη μετά από έντονες περιόδους πληθωρισμού είναι ένα θέμα που έχει προσελκύσει το ενδιαφέρον πολλών οικονομολόγων από τον προηγούμενο ακόμη αιώνα. Επομένως, η διερεύνηση των τρόπων με τους οποίους οι διάφορες χώρες μπορούν να ανακάμψουν μετά από ένα τόσο έντονο οικονομικό διάστημα είναι μείζονος σημασίας. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει, τους τρόπους της εν λόγω ανάκαμψης τόσο σε μακροχρόνιο όσο και σε βραχυχρόνιο ορίζοντα, εξετάζοντας μάλιστα κάποιες περιπτώσεις χωρών που ανέκαμψαν μετά από πληθωρισμό. Σε αρχικό στάδιο γίνεται εισαγωγή στην έννοια του πληθωρισμού και τα σημαντικότερα στοιχεία όπως είναι τα εργαλεία μέτρησής του, οι παράγοντες που οδηγούν σε αυτόν καθώς και το κόστος που επιφέρει. Έπειτα, ξεκινάει η διερεύνηση του βασικού θέματος – των τρόπων ανάκαμψης – μελετώντας την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία γύρω από αυτό το θέμα. Τέλος, η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με τα συμπεράσματα που διεξήχθησαν, τονίζοντας ποια χαρακτηριστικά οδηγούν στην ανάκαμψη κάποιας χώρας μετά από πληθωρισμό αλλά και τα σημαντικότερα ευρήματα των μελετών περίπτωσης. Τα βασικότερα αντιπληθωριστικά μέτρα που βρέθηκαν βάσει της βιβλιογραφίας είναι η συντηρητική δημοσιονομική πολιτική, η σταθερότητα της ισοτιμίας, η ανεξαρτησία της κεντρικής τράπεζας μιας χώρας και η εισαγωγή νέου νομίσματος.
description: The national recovery after intense periods of inflation is an issue that has attracted the interest of many economists since the last century. Therefore, exploring the ways in which different countries can recover after such an intense economic period is of paramount importance. The purpose of this dissertation is to present the ways of this recovery both in the long and short term, even examining some cases of countries that have recovered from inflation. At the initial stage, the concept of inflation is introduced and the most important elements such as its measuring tools, the factors that lead to it as well as the costs that it brings. Then begins the investigation of the main topic – the ways of recovery – by studying the existing literature of this topic. Finally, the work concludes with the conclusions that were drawn, emphasizing what characteristics lead to the recovery of a country after inflation and the most important findings of the case studies. The main anti-inflation measures found in the literature are conservative fiscal policy, exchange rate stability, the independence of a country’s central bank and the introduction of a new currency.
Additional file 1 of A simulation study to compare different estimation approaches for network meta-analysis and corresponding methods to evaluate the consistency assumption
Creators: name: Kiefer, Corinna
name: Sturtz, Sibylle
name: Bender, Ralf
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Online appendix. Additional tables and OpenBUGS Code for the Bayesian models including the specification of the non informative prior distributions.
Evolution of black hole shadows from superradiance
Creators: name: Creci, Gastón
name: Vandoren, Stefan
name: Witek, Helvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes have turned into cosmic laboratories to search for ultra-light scalars by virtue of the superradiant instability. In this paper we present a detailed study of the impact of the superradiant evolution on the black hole shadow and investigate the exciting possibility to explore it with future observations of Very Long Baseline Interferometry. We simulated the superradiant evolution numerically, in the adiabatic regime, and derived analytic approximations modelling the process. Driven by superradiance, we evolve the black hole shadow diameter and (i) find that it can change by a few $μ$as, just below the current resolution of the Event Horizon Telescope, albeit on timescales that are longer than realistic observation times; (ii) show that the shadow diameter can either shrink or grow; and (iii) explore in detail how the shadow's end state is determined by the initial parameters and coupling.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures. Updated to match published version
Expanding AdS5 Branes: Time Dependent Eigenvalue Problem and Production of Particles
Creators: name: Brevik, I.
name: Lund, M. Wold
name: Ruø, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis is first given of the situation where a scalar field is contained between two fixed, spatially flat, branes. The usual fine-tuning (RS) condition is relaxed, and the branes are allowed to possess a positive effective cosmological constant λ. We first analyze the eigenvalue problem for the Kaluza-Klein masses when the metric is time dependent, and consider in detail the case when λis small. Thereafter we consider, in the case of one single brane, the opposite limit in which λis large, acting in a brief period of time T, and present a "sudden approximation" calculation of the energy produced on the brane by the rapidly expanding de Sitter space during this period.
description: 9 pages, no figures, to appear in the QG issue of TSPU Vestnik
Αυτοτελείς ισχυρισμοί στο πλαίσιο της νομοθεσίας για τα ναρκωτικά
Creators: name: Μήτσιου, Βικτώρια Ηλία
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Αυτοτελείς Ισχυρισμοί
Ναρκωτικά
Αιτιολογία Δικαστικών Αποφάσεων
Independent Pleas
Drugs
Reasoning of Judicial Decisions

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η εμβάθυνση στην έννοια των αυτοτελών ισχυρισμών στο πλαίσιο της ισχύουσας ελληνικής νομοθεσίας για τα ναρκωτικά (Ν. 4139/2013). Στο πρώτο μέρος αναλύεται η έννοια των αυτοτελών ισχυρισμών, αναδεικνύεται η επιρροή της Πολιτικής Δικονομίας στη σύλληψη της έννοιας τους και παρατίθενται οι προϋποθέσεις ορθής δικονομικής προβολής τους. Εν συνεχεία, παρουσιάζεται ο τρόπος της δικονομικής τους αντιμετώπισης σε επίπεδο αναιρετικού ελέγχου και καταδεικνύεται η άρρηκτη σχέση τους με την αιτιολογία των αποφάσεων των ποινικών δικαστηρίων. Στο δεύτερο μέρος αναλύονται οι αυτοτελείς ισχυρισμοί που απορρέουν από τη νομοθεσία για τα ναρκωτικά με ταυτόχρονη παράθεση ενδεικτικών ποινικών αποφάσεων μέσα από την ελληνική νομολογία της τελευταίας δεκαετίας. Τέλος, καταγράφονται τα συμπεράσματα και η άποψη της γράφουσας σχετικά με το αναλυθέν επιστημονικό ζήτημα.
description: The purpose of this dissertation is to deepen the concept of independent pleas within the framework of current Greek drug legislation (Law 4139/2013). The first part analyzes the meaning of the independent pleas, underlines the influence of the Civil Procedure in the concept of their meaning and cites the conditions for their proper procedural presentation. Afterward, the way of their procedural treatment at the level of appellate review is presented and their indissoluble connection with the reasoning of the decisions of the criminal courts is demonstrated. The second part analyzes the independent pleas deriving from the drug legislation with simultaneous citation of indicative criminal decisions through the Greek jurisprudence of the last decade. Finally, the conclusions and the writer’s opinion on the analyzed scientific issue are recorded.
description: Σε συνεργασία με: Πανεπιστήμιο Λευκωσίας (Κύπρος)
Structural basis for stabilization of human telomeric G-quadruplex [d-(TTAGGGT)]4 by anticancer drug adriamycin
Creators: name: Barthwal, Ritu
name: Shailja Raje
name: Pandav, Kumud
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Besides inhibiting DNA duplication, DNA dependent RNA synthesis and topoisomerase-II enzyme action, anticancer drug adriamycin is found to cause telomere dysfunction and shows multiple strategies of action on gene functioning. We present evidence of binding of adriamycin to parallel stranded intermolecular [d-(TTAGGGT)]4 G-quadruplex DNA comprising human telomeric DNA by proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy shows formation of complex between the two molecules. Changes in chemical shift and line broadening of DNA and adriamycin protons suggest participation of specific chemical groups/moieties in interaction. Presence of sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements at all base quartet steps and absence of large downfield shifts in 31P resonances give clear proof of absence of intercalation of adriamycin chromophore between base quartets. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations using observed 15 short intermolecular inter proton distance contacts depict stacking of ring D of adriamycin with terminal G6 quartet by displacing T7 base and external groove binding close to T1–T2–A3 bases. The disappearance of imino protons monitored as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry experiments yield thermal stabilization of 24 °C, which is likely to come in the way of telomerase association with telomeres. The findings pave the way for design of alternate anthracycline based drugs with specific modifications at ring D to enhance induced thermal stabilization and use alternate mechanism of binding to G-quadruplex DNA for interference in functional pathway of telomere maintenance by telomerase enzyme besides their well known action on duplex DNA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Additional file 1 of The impact of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on exercise capacity in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled crossover trial
Creators: name: Suzuki, Atsushi
name: Ando, Masahiko
name: Kimura, Tomoki
name: Kataoka, Kensuke
name: Yokoyama, Toshiki
name: Shiroshita, Eiichi
name: Kondoh, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of baseline characteristics between IPF and non-IPF. Table S2. Subgroup analysis of endpoints in VM good responders. Table S3. Comparison of baseline characteristics between HFNC good responders and non-responders. Figure S1. Trend graph of SpO2 during endurance exercise tolerance test in each subject. Figure S2. Trend graph of heart rate (HR) during endurance exercise tolerance test in each subject. Figure S3. Trend graph of Borg scale (dyspnea) during endurance exercise tolerance test in each subject. Figure S4. Trend graph of Borg scale (leg fatigue) during endurance exercise tolerance test in each subject.
Witnessing multipartite entanglement
Creators: name: Bourennane, Mohamed
name: Eibl, Manfred
name: Kurtsiefer, Christian
name: Gaertner, Sascha
name: Weinfurter, Harald
name: Guehne, Otfried
name: Hyllus, Philipp
name: Bruss, Dagmar
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Sanpera, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental detection of genuine multipartite entanglement using entanglement witness operators. To this aim we introduce a canonical way of constructing and decomposing witness operators so that they can be directly implemented with present technology. We apply this method to three- and four-qubit entangled states of polarized photons, giving experimental evidence that the considered states contain true multipartite entanglement.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
The validity of technology-based dietary assessment methods in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review
Creators: name: Kouvari, Matina
name: Mamalaki, Eirini
name: Bathrellou, Eirini
name: Poulimeneas, Dimitrios
name: Yannakoulia, Mary
name: Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Technology-based dietary assessment has promising benefits on improving accuracy and reducing cost of dietary data collection. The validity of technology-based tools in children/adolescents was examined. A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies published till September 2019. In total, 26 studies with 29 validation-related estimations were selected; 13 web-based 24-hdietary recalls (image assisted; n = 12, drop-down food list; n = 13), 4 mobile applications and 3 web-based dietary records (image based; n = 2 and image assisted; n = 1, drop-down food list; n = 3) and 6 web-based food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) (image assisted; n = 3). Fourteen studies were addressed to adolescents, ten studies to children (principally 9–11 years old) and two studies to mixed study samples. Validation was mostly performed through 24-h dietary recalls and dietary records while in some cases objective methods were used. Image-assisted 24-h dietary recalls presented good level of agreement with paper-based methods, yet principally in adolescents. Mobile-application dietary records with image-based facilities and drop-down food lists were found to accurately record dietary intake even when compared with objective methods. FFQs, mainly examined in adolescents, had good level of agreement with the “gold standard” dietary records method. The validity of technology-based methods could be supported yet various technical/methodological issues need better clarification.
Higher spin partition functions via the quasinormal mode method in de Sitter quantum gravity
Creators: name: Martin, Victoria L.
name: Svesko, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we compute the 1-loop partition function of spin-$s$ fields on Euclidean de Sitter space $S^{2n+1}$ using the quasinormal mode method. Instead of computing the quasinormal mode frequencies from scratch, we use the analytic continuation prescription $L_{\text{AdS}}\to iL_{\text{dS}}$, appearing in the dS/CFT correspondence, and Wick rotate the normal mode frequencies of fields on thermal $\text{AdS}_{2n+1}$ into the quasinormal mode frequencies of fields on de Sitter space. We compare the quasinormal mode and heat kernel methods of calculating 1-loop determinants, finding exact agreement, and furthermore explicitly relate these methods via a sum over the conformal dimension. We discuss how the Wick rotation of normal modes on thermal $\text{AdS}_{2n+1}$ can be generalized to calculating 1-loop partition functions on the thermal spherical quotients $S^{2n+1}/\mathbb{Z}_{p}$. We further show that the quasinormal mode frequencies encode the group theoretic structure of the spherical spacetimes in question, analogous to the recent analysis made for thermal AdS in (1910.07607) and (1910.11913).
description: 18 pages, clarifications added, scipost formatting
Spectrally uncorrelated biphotons generated from `the family of BBO crystal'
Creators: name: Jin, Rui-Bo
name: Cai, Wu-Hao
name: Ding, Chunling
name: Mei, Feng
name: Deng, Guang-Wei
name: Shimizu, Ryosuke
name: Zhou, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectrally intrinsically uncorrelated biphoton states generated from nonlinear crystals are very important but rare resources for quantum photonics and quantum information applications. Previously, such biphoton states were generated from several kinds of crystals, however, their wavelength ranges and nonlinear efficiencies were still limited for various applications. In order to explore new crystal for wider wavelength range and higher nonlinear efficiency, here we theoretically study the generation of spectrally uncorrelated biphoton states from 14 crystals in the `BBO family', including BBO, CLBO, KABO, KBBF, RBBF, CBBF, BABF, BiBO, LBO, CBO, LRB4, LCB, YCOB, and GdCOB. They satisfy three kinds of group-velocity matching condition from near-infrared to telecom wavelengths. Furthermore, heralded single photons can be generated with a purity as high as 0.98, which is achieved without any narrow filtering. The indistinguishability of photons from independent sources is examined by the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, which results in a visibility of 98% also without any further filtering, i.e., photons from different heralded single-photon sources are highly indistinguishable. Our study may provide single-photon sources with good performance for quantum information processing at near-infrared and telecom wavelengths.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Interviews of farmers as a teaching resource for agriculture literacy in home economics
Creators: name: Wiebe, Renée
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: It is generally held that many people today have lost touch with where their food comes from and who produces the food (Berry, 1990; 1996; 2009; Dyg, 2014; Hess & Trexler, 2011; Kneen, 1993; Smith, 2009a; 2009b; Vidgen & Gallegos, 2012). Foods and Nutrition programs in schools teach students about healthy eating and how to prepare food but sometimes neglect putting students in touch with the people who supply the ingredients for the food products being made. In this paper I review the concept of agricultural literacy and make the case that today’s students should have a greater understanding of the people who produce food. I describe how I interviewed and surveyed farmers in order to use the interviews as a teaching resource for agriculture literacy in foods and nutrition courses. I then created a teaching resource that includes learning outcomes, suggested teaching activities, background information for the teacher and references for each of the interviews. The resource book is designed so that it can be separated from this larger document to be used in professional development workshops and circulated among home economics teachers.
Identification of potential anti-leishmanial agents using computational investigation and biological evaluation against Trypanothione reductase
Creators: name: Jitendra Kuldeep
name: R, Karthik
name: Pavneet Kaur
name: Goyal, Neena
name: Siddiqi, Mohammad Imran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trypanothione reductase of Leishmania Donovani is a flavin adenine dinucleotide containing homodimeric protein essential for parasite survival. The flavoenzyme utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the reaction to convert oxidized trypanothione to reduced trypanothione which is further used up by tryparedoxin/tryparedoxin peroxidase system to neutralize the reactive oxygen species generated by the macrophages. Some of the drugs previously reported against the disease include sodium stibogluconate, miltefosine, and amphotericin B. However, due to the resistance and toxicity problem associated with these molecules, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs against Leishmania donovani. Trypanothione reductase of Leishmania Donovani is one such essential target whose inhibition could lead to a decline in parasite growth. In this work, we have performed a computational studies using Maybridge library of chemical compounds to identify potential inhibitors of Trypanothione reductase of Leishmania Donovani. Structure-based virtual screening method in combination with molecular docking was employed to identify and prioritize 30 compounds which were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation. Ten compounds which showed stable ligand root-mean-square deviation plot, c-alpha backbone, and root-mean-square fluctuation were considered for trypanothione reductase inhibition assay and subsequent inhibition studies of parasite growth. Enzyme inhibition assay resulted in shortlisting of four compounds that were found to inhibit Trypanothione reductase of Leishmania Donovani. Subsequently, the anti-leishmanial screening highlighted one compound as the potential anti-leishmanial agent, with IC50 value of 15.2µM, that can be further optimised with medicinal chemistry efforts to improve its activity.
Asymptotic dynamics in 3D gravity with torsion
Creators: name: Blagojevic, M.
name: Vasilic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of boundary dynamics in the teleparallel 3D gravity. The asymptotic field equations with anti-de Sitter boundary conditions yield only two non-trivial boundary modes, related to a conformal field theory with classical central charge. After showing that the teleparallel gravity can be formulated as a Chern-Simons theory, we identify dynamical structure at the boundary as the Liouville theory.
description: 16 pages, RevTeX, no figures
Superstatistics in hydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superstatistics is a `statistics of a statistics' relevant for driven nonequilibrium systems with fluctuating intensive parameters. It contains Tsallis statistics as a special case. We show that the probability density functions of velocity differences and accelerations measured in Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence experiments are well reproduced by simple superstatistics models. We compare fits obtained for log-normal superstatistics and chi-squared superstatistics (= Tsallis statistics).
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the Santa-Fe workshop on anomalous distributions (November 2002), to be published in Physica D
Annotation and initial evaluation of a large annotated German oncological corpus
Creators: name: Kittner, Madeleine
name: Lamping, Mario
name: Rieke, Damian T.
name: Götze, Julian
name: Bajwa, Bariya
name: Jelas, Ivan
name: Rüter, Gina
name: Hautow, Hanjo
name: Sänger, Mario
name: Habibi, Maryam
name: Zettwitz, Marit
name: Bortoli, Till De
name: Ostermann, Leonie
name: Ševa, Jurica
name: Starlinger, Johannes
name: Kohlbacher, Oliver
name: Malek, Nisar P.
name: Keilholz, Ulrich
name: Leser, Ulf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: medical information extraction
subject: German language
subject: corpus annotation
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective We present the Berlin-Tübingen-Oncology corpus (BRONCO), a large and freely available corpus of shuffled sentences from German oncological discharge summaries annotated with diagnosis, treatments, medications, and further attributes including negation and speculation. The aim of BRONCO is to foster reproducible and openly available research on Information Extraction from German medical texts. Materials and Methods BRONCO consists of 200 manually deidentified discharge summaries of cancer patients. Annotation followed a structured and quality-controlled process involving 2 groups of medical experts to ensure consistency, comprehensiveness, and high quality of annotations. We present results of several state-of-the-art techniques for different IE tasks as baselines for subsequent research. Results The annotated corpus consists of 11 434 sentences and 89 942 tokens, annotated with 11 124 annotations for medical entities and 3118 annotations of related attributes. We publish 75% of the corpus as a set of shuffled sentences, and keep 25% as held-out data set for unbiased evaluation of future IE tools. On this held-out dataset, our baselines reach depending on the specific entity types F1-scores of 0.72–0.90 for named entity recognition, 0.10–0.68 for entity normalization, 0.55 for negation detection, and 0.33 for speculation detection. Discussion Medical corpus annotation is a complex and time-consuming task. This makes sharing of such resources even more important. Conclusion To our knowledge, BRONCO is the first sizable and freely available German medical corpus. Our baseline results show that more research efforts are necessary to lift the quality of information extraction in German medical texts to the level already possible for English.
Additional file 8 of Unexpected cell type-dependent effects of autophagy on polyglutamine aggregation revealed by natural genetic variation in C. elegans
Creators: name: J. Alexander-Floyd
name: S. Haroon
name: M. Ying
name: A. Entezari
name: C. Jaeger
name: M. Vermulst
name: T. Gidalevitz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S4. Primers used for generating RNAi clones.
Absence of local unconditional structure in spaces of smooth functions on two-dimensional torus
Creators: name: Tselishchev, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a finite collection $\{T_1, \ldots, T_J\}$ of differential operators with constant coefficients on $\mathbb{T}^2$ and the space of smooth functions generated by this collection, namely, the space of functions $f$ such that $T_j f \in C(\mathbb{T}^2)$. We prove that under a certain natural condition this space is not isomorphic to a quotient of a $C(S)$-space and does not have a local unconditional structure. This fact generalizes the previously known result that such spaces are not isomorphic to a complemented subspace of $C(S)$.
description: 11 pages