cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Imaging spectrum of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adults
Creators: name: Benítez Rivero, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purposes of our educational exhibit are to describe the specific imaging manifestations of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adults and to be familiar with the different imaging patterns of this...
(102003) Florence Adelaide Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Cortical Thickness in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Egyptian population
Creators: name: Baghdadi, Michael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Dementia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a syndrome manifested with multiple cognitive impairments which are not significant enough to affect daily activities, it is frequently considered as a prodromal stage to Alzheimer’s Disease....
title: The complications following artificial lung ventilation in premature infants
Creators: name: Shapovalova, Viktoria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Lung
subject: Congenital

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To clarify the frequency of complications following ALV in premature...
Interaction of Alamethicin Pores in DMPC Bilayers
Creators: name: Constantin, Doru
name: Brotons, Guillaume
name: Jarre, Ansgar
name: Li, Chenghao
name: Salditt, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the x-ray scattering signal of highly aligned multilayers of the zwitterionic lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine containing pores formed by the antimicrobial peptide alamethicin as a function of the peptide/lipid ratio. We are able to obtain information on the structure factor of the pore fluid, which then yields the interaction potential between pores in the plane of the bilayers. Aside from a hard core with a radius corresponding to the geometric radius of the pore, we find a repulsive lipid-mediated interaction with a range of $\simeq 30$ Å and a contact value of 2.4 $k_BT$. This result is in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical models.
Virologic Failure Among People Living With HIV Initiating Dolutegravir-Based Versus Other Recommended Regimens in Real-World Clinical Care Settings
Creators: name:  Moore, R.D.
name:  Crane, H.M.
name: Nance, R.M.
name:  Johannes, C.B.
name:  Rodriguez, B.
name:  Whitney, B.M.
name:  Kitahata, M.M.
name:  Smith, K.
name:  Mayer, K.H.
name:  Mugavero, M.J.
name:  Saag, M.S.
name:  Mathews, W.C.
name:  Eron, J.J.
name:  Calingaert, B.
name:  Vannappagari, V.
name:  Geng, E.
name:  Delaney, J.A.C.
name:  Saltus, C.W.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background: Guidelines for initial antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens have evolved, with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) increasingly prominent. Research on virologic failure (VF) with INSTI therapy is predominantly from clinical trials not care settings, especially for recently approved medications including dolutegravir. We compared outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) who initiated recommended regimens in clinical care across the United States. Setting: We examined 2 groups of PLWH at 8 clinics who initiated ART regimens (August 1, 2013-March 31, 2017): those ART treatment-naive at initiation, and those treatment-experienced. Methods: The outcome in this longitudinal cohort study was VF, defined as a viral load of ≥400 copies/mL ≥6 months after ART initiation. We examined the proportion of individuals who remained on, switched, or discontinued the regimen. Associations between regimens and outcomes were examined with adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among 5177 PLWH, a lower proportion experienced VF on dolutegravir- versus other INSTI- or darunavir-based regimens for previously treatment-naive (7% vs. 12% vs. 28%) and treatment-experienced PLWH (6% vs. 10% vs. 21%). In adjusted analyses, hazard ratios were similar across regimens for the combined outcome of regimen discontinuation or treatment switch. The hazard ratios for VF comparing dolutegravir- to darunavir-based regimens was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6) among previously treatment-naive PLWH and was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.4 to 0.8) among treatment-experienced PLWH. Conclusions: The proportion of previously treatment-naive PLWH remaining on recommended ART regimens did not differ by regimen. The likelihood of VF was lower with dolutegravir- than darunavir-based regimens for previously treatment-naive and treatment-experienced PLWH.
Kibble-Zurek mechanism in topologically non-trivial zigzag chains of polariton micropillars
Creators: name: Solnyshkov, D. D.
name: Nalitov, A. V.
name: Malpuech, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a zigzag chain of coupled micropillar cavities, taking into account the polarization of polariton states. We show that the TE-TM splitting of photonic cavity modes yields topologically protected polariton edge states. During the strongly non-adiabatic process of polariton condensation, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism leads to a random choice of polarization, equivalent to dimerization of polymer chains. We show that dark-bright solitons appear as domain walls between polarization domains, analogous to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger solitons in polymers. The soliton density scales as a power law with respect to the quenching parameter.
title: SCT in determination of the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns
Creators: name: Shapovalova, Viktoria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Lung
subject: Dysplasias

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic polyetiological disease of morphologically immature lungs that develops in infants, mainly in small premature infants as a result of intensive care respiratory distress syndrome and / or pneumonia. First...
Systematic review of Chagas disease seroprevalence in endemic countries, 1980 to mid-2019
Creators: name: Zimsen, Stephanie
name: Gottlich, H
name: Cousin, Ewerton
name: Mosser, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This registration describes a systematic review of Chagas disease seroprevalence in endemic locations. We have completed the literature search, source screening, and data extraction, but have not yet begun any analysis. Note that this registration takes the open-ended registration format since data have been extracted, but that we closely follow the “OSF Prereg” format designed for pre-registered systematic review protocols.
Mortality following myocardial infarction among HIV-infected persons: The Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS)
Creators: name: Crothers, K.
name: Peter, I.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Lober, W.B.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Delaney, J.A.C.
name: Grunfeld, C.
name: Napravnik, S.
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Hsue, P.
name: Willig, J.H.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Feinstein, M.J.
name: Burkholder, G.A.
name: Geng, E.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Budoff, M.J.
name: Lloyd-Jones, D.M.
name: Hunt, P.W.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Drozd, D.R.
name: Nance, R.M.
name: Eron, J.J.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher risks for myocardial infarction (MI) than the general population. This is driven in part by higher type 2 MI (T2MI, due to coronary supply-demand mismatch) rates among persons with HIV (PWH). In the general population, T2MI has higher mortality than type 1 MI (T1MI, spontaneous and generally due to plaque rupture and thrombosis). PWH have a greater burden of comorbidities and may therefore have an even greater excess risk for complication and death in the setting of T2MI. However, mortality patterns after T1MI and T2MI in HIV are unknown. Methods: We analyzed mortality after MI among PWH enrolled in the multicenter, US-based Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort (N = 28,186). Incident MIs occurring between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2014, were centrally adjudicated and classified as T1MI or T2MI. We first compared mortality following T1MI vs. T2MI among PWH. Cox survival analyses and Bayesian model averaging were then used to evaluate pre-MI covariates associated with mortality following T1MI and T2MI. Results: Among the 596 out of 28,186 PWH who experienced MI (2.1%; 293 T1MI and 303 T2MI), mortality rates were significantly greater after T2MI (22.2/100 person-years; 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality 39%, 52%, and 62%) than T1MI (8.2/100 person-years; 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality 15%, 22%, and 30%). Significant mortality predictors after T1MI were higher HIV viral load, renal dysfunction, and older age. Significant predictors of mortality after T2MI were low body-mass index (BMI) and detectable HIV viral load. Conclusions: Mortality is high following MI for PWH and substantially greater after T2MI than T1MI. Predictors of death after MI differed by type of MI, reinforcing the different clinical scenarios associated with each MI type and the importance of considering MI types separately.
UK TRE Quarterly Meeting March 2025 - Presentations
Creators: name: Adebola, Yvonne
name: Barnsley, Pete
name: O'Sullivan, Katherine
name: Ritchie, Felix
name: Tilbrook, Amy
name: Harrison, Kathy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Presentation slides from the UKTRE Quarterly Meeting 3 March 2025

Meeting notes and call recordings available here.

Meeting topic: Information Governance

As part of the sequence of events focused on understanding “federation” and its implications on the UK TRE community, this event is all about Information Governance.

We are teaming up with the UK TRE DARE UK interest group on Information Governance that has just started and is funded till March 2026. See here to join that JISC email channel: TRE-IG@jiscmail.ac.uk

Includes three presentations:

Intoduction and working group updates (UKTRE-202503-Introduction.pdf)

UK TRE DARE UK Information Governance Interest Group, sharing background on how the group formed and their plans for activity, including a call for your interest areas (UKTRE-202503-IG-Working-Group.pdf)

Towards a federated governance model for the Regional Safe Haven network (UKTRE-202503-IG-Federated-Governance.pdf)
(101999) Edward Sands Gaisford
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Redefining success: piloting contract grading in graduate courses
Creators: name: Walter, Jessica
Publisher: name: Oregon Health & Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education, Graduate
subject: Motivation
subject: Grading
subject: Student motivation

description: Students and faculty have differing definitions of success in courses. Rarely is there an explicit conversation about this. The default expectation becomes an “A.” Contract grading defines students’ options to complete their coursework and the consequences. In a nutshell, students can choose to do less work for a lower grade. Contract grading shifts the conversation between students and faculty. Students can gain a greater sense of agency and control by defining what success looks like to them (Katopodis & Davidson, 2020). Students may have greater internal motivation (Danielewicz & Elbow, 2009). While faculty set up a menu of options, students can choose given their personal goals and constraints.
(102001) Clara Murray Hawkes
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Primordial non-Gaussianities after Planck 2015: an introductory review
Creators: name: Renaux-Petel, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviations from Gaussian statistics of the cosmological density fluctuations, so-called primordial non-Gaussianities (NG), are one of the most informative fingerprints of the origin of structures in the universe. Indeed, they can probe physics at energy scales inaccessible to laboratory experiments, and are sensitive to the interactions of the field(s) that generated the primordial fluctuations, contrary to the Gaussian linear theory. As a result, they can discriminate between inflationary models that are otherwise almost indistinguishable. In this short review, we explain how to compute the non-Gaussian properties in any inflationary scenario. We review the theoretical predictions of several important classes of models. We then describe the ways NG can be probed observationally, and we highlight the recent constraints from the Planck mission, as well as their implications. We finally identify well motivated theoretical targets for future experiments and discuss observational prospects.
description: 23 pages + bibliography. 5 figures. Published in the French "Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\'emie des Sciences" on Inflation
title: Quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at phase contrast cine-MRI imaging: Predictivity of Neurosurgical "Shunt" responsiveness in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Creators: name: Stecco, Alessandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of the study wastoassess whether Cine-MRI scan measurements of acqueductal stroke volume (ACSV) could select properlypatients with normal pressure hydrocefalus (NPH) symptoms for shunt...
Electrophoretic Mobility of Polyelectrolytes within a Confining Well
Creators: name: Shendruk, Tyler N.
name: Bertrand, Martin
name: Slater, Gary W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of polyelectrolytes electrophoresing in free solution while squeezed by an axisymmetric confinement force transverse to their net displacement. Hybrid multi-particle collision dynamics and molecular dynamics simulations with mean-field finite Debye layers show that even though the polyelectrolyte chains remain "free-draining", their electrophoretic mobility increases with confinement in nanoconfining potential wells. The primary mechanism leading to the increase in mobility above the free-solution value, despite long-range hydrodynamic screening by counterion layers, is the orientation of polymer segments within Debye layers. The observed length-dependence of the electrophoretic mobility arises due to secondary effects of counterion condensation related to confinement compactification.
title: Presence of normal anatomical variants of arterial circulation in patients with intracranial aneurysm: a single center experience.
Creators: name: Cannella, Roberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Aneurysms
subject: Normal variants
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Anatomy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of Wills circle artery anatomical variants in patients with intracranial aneurysm and their role in the pre-surgical...
Clones of infected cells arise early in HIV-infected individuals
Creators: name: Bale, M.
name: Maldarelli, F.
name: Kearney, M.F.
name: Wu, X.
name: Luke, B.T.
name: Mellors, J.W.
name: Simonetti, F.R.
name: Coffin, J.M.
name: Hill, S.
name: Zerbato, J.M.
name: Hughes, S.H.
name: Spindler, J.
name: Guo, S.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Wells, D.W.
name: Kuruc, J.D.
Publisher: name: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Year: 2019

description: In HIV-infected individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), more than 40% of the infected cells are in clones. Although most HIV proviruses present in individuals on long-term ART are defective, including those in clonally expanded cells, there is increasing evidence that clones carrying replication-competent proviruses are common in patients on long-term ART and form part of the HIV reservoir that makes it impossible to cure HIV infection with current ART alone. Given the importance of clonal expansion in HIV persistence, we determined how soon after HIV acquisition infected clones can grow large enough to be detected (clones larger than ca. 1 × 105 cells). We studied 12 individuals sampled in early HIV infection (Fiebig stage III-V/VI) and 5 who were chronically infected. The recently infected individuals were started on ART at or near the time of diagnosis. We isolated more than 6,500 independent integration sites from peripheral blood mononuclear cells before ART was initiated and after 0.5-18 years of suppressive ART. Some infected clones could be detected approximately 4 weeks after HIV infection and some of these clones persisted for years. The results help to explain how the reservoir is established early and persists for years.
Negative sign problem in continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo: optimal choice of single-particle basis for impurity problems
Creators: name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Biermann, Silke
name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negative sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of cluster impurity problems is the major bottleneck in cluster dynamical mean field calculations. In this paper we systematically investigate the dependence of the sign problem on the single-particle basis. We explore both the hybridization-expansion and the interaction-expansion variants of continuous-time QMC for three-site and four-site impurity models with baths that are diagonal in the orbital degrees of freedom. We find that the sign problem in these models can be substantially reduced by using a non-trivial single-particle basis. Such bases can be generated by diagonalizing a subset of the intracluster hoppings.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
title: A review of patient demographics presenting for diagnostic imaging in Ireland.
Creators: name: Duggan , Amy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Socio-economic issues
subject: Radiation safety
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Radiographers

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Latest figures from World Health Organization (WHO) forecast that most of the adult Irish population will be overweight by 2030 (91% and 83% of men and women respectively) [1]. With the prevalence of obesity on the rise the authors hypothesize that...
Evaluating the Population Impact on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV in Adulthood of Intervening on Specific Targets: A Conceptual and Methodological Framework
Creators: name: Drozd, D.R.
name: Boswell, S.L.
name: Dulin-Keita, A.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Lau, B.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Geng, E.
name: Napravnik, S.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Hogan, J.W.
name: CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems
name: Howe, C.J.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a high priority. Reductions in HIV racial/ethnic disparities can potentially be achieved by intervening on important intermediate factors. The potential population impact of intervening on intermediates can be evaluated using observational data when certain conditions are met. However, using standard stratification-based approaches commonly employed in the observational HIV literature to estimate the potential population impact in this setting may yield results that do not accurately estimate quantities of interest. Here we describe a useful conceptual and methodological framework for using observational data to appropriately evaluate the impact on HIV racial/ethnic disparities of interventions. This framework reframes relevant scientific questions in terms of a controlled direct effect and estimates a corresponding proportion eliminated. We review methods and conditions sufficient for accurate estimation within the proposed framework. We use the framework to analyze data on 2,329 participants in the CFAR [Centers for AIDS Research] Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (2008-2014) to evaluate the potential impact of universal prescription of and ≥95% adherence to antiretroviral therapy on racial disparities in HIV virological suppression. We encourage the use of the described framework to appropriately evaluate the potential impact of targeted interventions in addressing HIV racial/ethnic disparities using observational data.
Sensitivity analyses for misclassification of cause of death in the parametric G-formula
Creators: name: Eron, J.J.
name: Kitahata, M.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Mathews, W.C.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: Cause-specific mortality is an important outcome in studies of interventions to improve survival, yet causes of death can be misclassified. Here, we present an approach to performing sensitivity analyses formisclassification of cause of death in the parametric g-formula. The g-formula is a useful method to estimate effects of interventions in epidemiologic research because it appropriately accounts for time-varying confounding affected by prior treatment and can estimate risk under dynamic treatment plans.We illustrate our approach using an example comparing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality under immediate and delayed treatment strategies in a cohort of therapy-naive adults entering care for human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States. In the standard g-formula approach, 10-year risk of AIDSrelatedmortality under delayed treatment was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.54) times the risk under immediate treatment. In a sensitivity analysis assuming that AIDS-related death was measured with sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 90%, the 10-year risk ratio comparing AIDS-related mortality between treatment plans was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.14). When sensitivity and specificity are unknown, this approach can be used to estimate the effects of dynamic treatment plans under a range of plausible values of sensitivity and specificity of the recorded event type.
(101997) Ellen Oxley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
HIV viral suppression trends over time among HIV-infected patients receiving care in the United States, 1997 to 2015 a cohort study
Creators: name: Eron, J.J.
name: Christopoulos, K.A.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Wilson, I.B.
name: Whitney, B.M.
name: Chris Delaney, J.A.
name: Mayer, K.H.
name: Lau, B.
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Rodriguez, B.
name: Simoni, J.M.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Christopher Mathews, W.
name: Safren, S.A.
name: Fredericksen, R.J.
name: Napravnik, S.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Aunon, F.M.
name: Nance, R.M.
Publisher: name: American College of Physicians
Year: 2018

description: Background: Because HIV viral suppression is essential for optimal outcomes and prevention efforts, understanding trends and predictors is imperative to inform public health policy. Objective: To evaluate viral suppression trends in people living with HIV (PLWH), including the relationship of associated factors, such as demographic characteristics and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (ISTI) use. Design: Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting: 8 HIV clinics across the United States. Participants: PLWH receiving clinical care. Measurements: To understand trends in viral suppression (≤400 copies/mL), annual viral suppression rates from 1997 to 2015 were determined. Analyses were repeated with tests limited to 1 random test per person per year and using inverse probability of censoring weights to address loss to follow-up. Joint longitudinal and survival models and linear mixed models of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were used to examine associations between viral suppression or continuous viral load (VL) levels and demographic factors, substance use, adherence, and ISTI use. Results: Viral suppression increased from 32% in 1997 to 86% in 2015 on the basis of all tests among 31 930 PLWH. In adjusted analyses, being older (odds ratio [OR], 0.76 per decade [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.78]) and using an ISTI-based regimen (OR, 0.54 [CI, 0.51 to 0.57]) were associated with lower odds of having a detectable VL, and black race was associated with higher odds (OR, 1.68 [CI, 1.57 to 1.80]) (P < 0.001 for each). Similar patterns were seen with continuous VL levels; when analyses were limited to 2010 to 2015; and with adjustment for adherence, substance use, or depression. Limitation: Results are limited to PLWH receiving clinical care. Conclusion: HIV viral suppression rates have improved dramatically across the United States, which is likely partially attributable to improved ART, including ISTI-based regimens. However, disparities among younger and black PLWH merit attention.
Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2018 recommendations of the international antiviral society-USA panel
Creators: name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Thompson, M.A.
name: Del Rio, C.
name: Günthard, H.F.
name: Fätkenheuer, G.
name: Sax, P.E.
name: Smith, D.M.
name: Volberding, P.A.
name: Eron, J.J., Jr.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: Benson, C.A.
name: Molina, J.-M.
name: Hoy, J.F.
name: Gandhi, R.T.
name: Jacobsen, D.M.
name: Buchbinder, S.P.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2018

description: IMPORTANCE Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of prevention and management of HIV infection. OBJECTIVE To evaluate new data and treatments and incorporate this information into updated recommendations for initiating therapy, monitoring individuals starting therapy, changing regimens, and preventing HIV infection for individuals at risk. EVIDENCE REVIEW New evidence collected since the International Antiviral Society-USA 2016 recommendations via monthly PubMed and EMBASE literature searches up to April 2018; data presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences. A volunteer panel of experts in HIV research and patient care considered these data and updated previous recommendations. FINDINGS ART is recommended for virtually all HIV-infected individuals, as soon as possible after HIV diagnosis. Immediate initiation (eg, rapid start), if clinically appropriate, requires adequate staffing, specialized services, and careful selection of medical therapy. An integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is generally recommended for initial therapy, with unique patient circumstances (eg, concomitant diseases and conditions, potential for pregnancy, cost) guiding the treatment choice. CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level, genotype, and other laboratory tests for general health and co-infections are recommended at specified points before and during ART. If a regimen switch is indicated, treatment history, tolerability, adherence, and drug resistance history should first be assessed; 2 or 3 active drugs are recommended for a new regimen. HIV testing is recommended at least once for anyone who has ever been sexually active and more often for individuals at ongoing risk for infection. Preexposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and appropriate monitoring is recommended for individuals at risk for HIV. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Advances in HIV prevention and treatment with antiretroviral drugs continue to improve clinical management and outcomes for individuals at risk for and living with HIV.
title: Biliary Cystadenoma. Characteristic MRI findings and differential diagnosis
Creators: name: León Salinas, José
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Oncology
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction The biliary cystadenoma is an uncommon cystic tumor that originates from the hepatobiliary epithelium (1). Approximately 85% of the cases present in the intrahepatic bile duct (most commonly in the left hepatic lobe) with the rest of...
Playing games: a novel approach to teach systems-thinking
Creators: name: Walter, Jessica
name: Gorman, Paul
Publisher: name: Oregon Health &  Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems Analysis
subject: Delivery of Health Care
subject: Education, Medical
subject: Systems thinking
subject: Play in learning
subject: USLME

description: Problem: How to teach systems thinking to medical students who have little experience and exposure to healthcare delivery and are focused on preparing for Step 1 of the USLME?
title: An evaluation of multiparametric MRI and transperineal template biopsies in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Creators: name: kelly, padraig
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this exhibit is to outlinethe role of template biopsy mapping and multiparametric MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We describe the technique of transperineal template biopsy mapping and compare it to the conventional TRUS...
title: Dangerous complications of acute cholecystitis: CT findings
Creators: name: Satta, Giovanni Francesco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Abscess
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To know CT and US indication for acute cholecystitis To know the pathological anatomy of gallbladder in CT and US To recognize early sign of dangerous complication. To recognize perforated...
Virologic suppression and CD4 + cell count recovery after initiation of raltegravir or efavirenz-containing HIV treatment regimens
Creators: name: Moore, R.D.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Hall, H.I.
name: Eron, J.J.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2018

description: Objective: To explore the effectiveness of raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on treatment response among ART-naive patients seeking routine clinical care. Design: Cohort study of adults enrolled in HIV care in the United States. Methods: We compared virologic suppression and CD4 + cell count recovery over a 2.5 year period after initiation of an ART regimen containing raltegravir or efavirenz using observational data from a US clinical cohort, generalized to the US population of people with diagnosed HIV. We accounted for nonrandom treatment assignment, informative censoring, and nonrandom selection from the US target population using inverse probability weights. Results: Of the 2843 patients included in the study, 2476 initiated the efavirenz-containing regimen and 367 initiated the raltegravir-containing regimen. In the weighted intent-To-Treat analysis, patients spent an average of 74 (95% confidence interval: 41, 106) additional days alive with a suppressed viral load on the raltegravir regimen than on the efavirenz regimen over the 2.5-year study period. CD4 + cell count recovery was also superior under the raltegravir regimen. Conclusion: Patients receiving raltegravir spent more time alive and suppressed than patients receiving efavirenz, but the probability of viral suppression by 2.5 years after treatment was similar between groups. Optimizing the amount of time spent in a state of viral suppression is important to improve survival among people living with HIV and to reduce onward transmission.
title: CT and MRI findings in skull base osteomyelitis - A pictorial essay
Creators: name: Palleti, Adarsh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Localisation
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: This article focuses on reviewing CT and MRI findings in central skull base osteomyelitis. Imaging of the skull-base in the setting of cranial neuropathy and probable infection is best achieved with MRI, which has advantage of superior soft tissue...
Estimating multiple time-fixed treatment effects using a semi-Bayes semiparametric marginal structural Cox proportional hazards regression model
Creators: name: Westreich, D.
name: CNICS Investigators
name: Eron, J.J., Jr.
name: Lesko, C.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Greenland, S.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Lau, B.
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH Verlag
Year: 2018

description: Marginal structural models for time-fixed treatments fit using inverse-probability weighted estimating equations are increasingly popular. Nonetheless, the resulting effect estimates are subject to finite-sample bias when data are sparse, as is typical for large-sample procedures. Here we propose a semi-Bayes estimation approach which penalizes or shrinks the estimated model parameters to improve finite-sample performance. This approach uses simple symmetric data-augmentation priors. Limited simulation experiments indicate that the proposed approach reduces finite-sample bias and improves confidence-interval coverage when the true values lie within the central “hill” of the prior distribution. We illustrate the approach with data from a nonexperimental study of HIV treatments.
Immunometabolic Factors Associated with Variations in Body Composition and Exercise Response in Diet-Sensitive and Diet-Resistant Women with Obesity
Creators: name: Hooks, Breana Grace
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: obesity
mitochondria
skeletal muscle
weight loss
exercise
inflammation
immunometabolism
bioenergetics

description: Over the past 20 years, our collaborative research team at the Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa have extensively investigated molecular and metabolic differences between individuals with obesity in the highest (DS) and lowest (DR) quintiles for rate of weight loss following 6 weeks of caloric restriction. Research on these cohorts of individuals with extreme phenotypes in diet-response has revealed that DS individuals have several skeletal muscle metabolic advantages, including increased proportions of type I oxidative fibres, increased mitochondrial proton leak, enhanced fatty acid metabolism, and a greater antioxidant capacity. Regular physical exercise provides a vast array of beneficial effects to metabolic health, including increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity and muscle cross-sectional area, leading to the hypothesis that exercise may be particularly beneficial to women with diet-resistant obesity. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine whether six weeks of exercise training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation in women with obesity previously identified as diet-sensitive (DS) and diet-resistant (DR). Here, we demonstrate that exercise training improves body composition, enhances cellular maximal respiration, and increases mitochondrial length preferentially in DR women. Contrary to our hypothesis, exercise training increased skeletal muscle IKK-NFκB inflammatory signaling to a greater extent in DR individuals, despite improvements in systemic cytokine concentrations. In response to an inflammatory challenge, LPS-treated primary myotubes derived from DR and DS skeletal muscle responded similarly and respiratory capacity was preserved. Taken together, these findings suggest that exercise can be especially beneficial as part of a treatment plan for DR individuals, and that DS and DR skeletal muscle have systemic and mechanistic differences in inflammatory responses.
Stable caloric intake and continued virologic suppression for HIV-positive antiretroviral treatment-experienced women after switching to a single-Tablet regimen of emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Creators: name: Menezes, P.
name: Marcus, C.
name: Rublein, J.
name: Hoffman, E.
name: Xie, Z.
name: Hudgens, M.
name: Wills, J.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Mollan, K.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Benefits of switching to a single-Tablet regimen (STR) of emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir (FTC/RPV/TDF) in virologically suppressed antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced HIV-positive women include pregnancy category B rating and lack of clinically significant drug interactions between RPV and oral contraceptives. Unfortunately, studies involving switching to FTC/RPV/TDF enrolled fewer than 25% women. We undertook this 48-week study to assess the ability of virologically suppressed HIV-positive women switching to RPV STR to remain virologically suppressed and comply with the caloric intake requirement. HIV-positive women on ART with viral load <50 c/mL for 6 months before study entry and no known resistance to FTC, TDF, or RPV were enrolled and switched to STR RPV/FTC/TDF. Caloric intake (≥400 kcal) compliance and concurrency with oral STR RPV/FTC/TDF were evaluated with a 3-day food diary, which was validated by obtaining participant's caloric consumption through phone calls on randomly chosen dates. For each 3-day food diary, the daily median caloric intake and median value for each macronutrient consumed concurrent with FTC/RPV/TDF were computed. Medication adherence was measured using a visual analog scale. We enrolled 33 women, 73% of whom were African American. At week 48, virologic suppression (HIV RNA <40 c/mL) was maintained in 96% of women, including those (n = 4) who reported imperfect ART adherence. The daily median caloric intake concurrent with FTC/RPV/TDF was 820 kcal by food diary and 677 kcal by random phone call. Median kcal intake (food diary) did not change significantly from baseline (684 kcal) to week 48 (820 kcal); median change 102 kcal, p = .15. Women who reported noncompliance with a ≥400 kcal meal did not experience virologic failure. Significant concordance between caloric adherence and virologic suppression was not detected. Our study demonstrated that HIV-positive women who switched to STR FTC/RPV/TDF continued to experience virologic suppression and were readily able to comply with the recommended caloric intake requirement.
(101995) Frederick James Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Facilitating a Psychologically Safer Climate in Simulation-Based Education with Healthcare Learners: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness
Creators: name: Jackson, Ashley
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Psychological safety
Nursing student
Healthcare student
Simulation

description: Simulation is considered a safe space for learning as no patient harm could occur. However, learner safety is equally significant to consider. Despite increased interest in simulation psychological safety, evidence synthesis to support the effectiveness of interventions remains lacking. This systematic review seeks to determine what interventions are effective for establishing and maintaining psychological safety within the three phases of simulation with healthcare learners. A Joanna Briggs Institute systematic review of effectiveness was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Articles published from 2011 to 2022 and their references from six databases were searched. Eight articles were included in the analysis. Psychological safety interventions were grouped into two categories: (1) single or (2) multidimensional. Single interventions were more likely to improve learner psychological safety. Several interventions can be used during all phases of simulation to foster a psychologically safer simulation learning environment.
Comparing neighborhood and state contexts for women living with and without HIV: Understanding the southern HIV epidemic
Creators: name: Cohen, M.H.
name: Metsch, L.R.
name: Konkle-Parker, D.J.
name: Adedimeji, A.A.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Kassaye, S.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Cohen, J.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Wingood, G.M.
name: Ludema, C.
name: Eron, J.J., Jr.
name: Wilson, T.E.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2018

description: In the South, people living with HIV experience worse health outcomes than in other geographic regions, likely due to regional political, structural, and socioeconomic factors. We describe the neighborhoods of women (n = 1,800) living with and without HIV in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a cohort with Southern sites in Chapel Hill, NC; Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Jackson, MS; and Miami, FL; and non-Southern sites in Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; San Francisco, CA; and Chicago, IL. In 2014, participants’ addresses were geocoded and matched to several administrative data sources. There were a number of differences between the neighborhood contexts of Southern and non-Southern WIHS participants. Southern states had the lowest income eligibility thresholds for family Medicaid, and consequently higher proportions of uninsured individuals. Modeled proportions of income devoted to transportation were much higher in Southern neighborhoods (Location Affordability Index of 28–39% compared to 16–23% in non-Southern sites), and fewer participants lived in counties where hospitals reported providing HIV care (55% of GA, 63% of NC, and 76% of AL participants lived in a county with a hospital that provided HIV care, compared to >90% at all other sites). Finally, the states with the highest adult incarceration rates were all in the South (per 100,000 residents: AL 820, MS 788, GA 686, FL 644). Many Southern states opted not to expand Medicaid, invest little in transportation infrastructure, and have staggering rates of incarceration. Resolution of racial and geographic disparities in HIV health outcomes will require addressing these structural barriers.