cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Características de la comunicación enfermero-paciente en un hospital de segundo nivel de Zacatecas
Creators: name: Flores-Romo, Ana Gabriela
name: Zorrilla-Martinez, Laura Berenice
name: Trejo-Ortiz, Perla María
name: Araujo-Espino, Roxana
name: Calderón-Ibarra, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Enfermería, Innovación y Ciencia
Year: 2019

description: El estudio tiene la finalidad de determinar el nivel de comunicación existente entre enfermera-paciente internados en un hospital de segundo nivel en el estado de Zacatecas e identificar las características de la comunicación del enfermero en las dimensiones verbal y no verbal. Con un diseño descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 71 pacientes del área de hospitalización, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La información sobre la comunicación verbal y no verbal se recolecto con la encuesta “Características de la comunicación enfermero-paciente postquirúrgico mediato”. Se encontró que el 100% de los pacientes calificaron que más del 92.9% de la comunicación de enfermero-paciente en el ámbito verbal es positiva, con las características de claridad durante el habla, buena respuesta a preguntas, correcta velocidad al trasmitir el mensaje, buena duración del habla, un tono y volumen del habla y una fluidez correcta al conversar; así mismo el 91.5% de los pacientes calificaron que la comunicación enfermero-paciente en el ámbito no verbal es positiva destacando en sus características la expresión facial y la escucha activa, seguido de una mirada de seguridad, una postura de acercamiento y respeto. Lo cual refleja una buena relación terapéutica entre enfermero y paciente.
description: Enfermería, Innovación y Ciencia, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Vol. 1 No. 0, 2019
Optimized numerical gradient and Hessian estimation for variational quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Teo, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sampling noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is a fundamental step that converts coherent quantum-circuit outputs to measurement data for running variational quantum algorithms that utilize gradient and Hessian methods in cost-function optimization tasks. This step, however, introduces estimation errors in the resulting gradient or Hessian computations. To minimize these errors, we discuss tunable numerical estimators, which are the finite-difference (including their generalized versions) and scaled parameter-shift estimators [introduced in Phys. Rev. A 103, 012405 (2021)], and propose operational circuit-averaged methods to optimize them. We show that these optimized numerical estimators offer estimation errors that drop exponentially with the number of circuit qubits for a given sampling-copy number, revealing a direct compatibility with the barren-plateau phenomenon. In particular, there exists a critical sampling-copy number below which an optimized difference estimator gives a smaller average estimation error in contrast to the standard (analytical) parameter-shift estimator, which exactly computes gradient and Hessian components. Moreover, this critical number grows exponentially with the circuit-qubit number. Finally, by forsaking analyticity, we demonstrate that the scaled parameter-shift estimators beat the standard unscaled ones in estimation accuracy under any situation, with comparable performances to those of the difference estimators within significant copy-number ranges, and are the best ones if larger copy numbers are affordable.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures (updated Fig. 4, new Fig. 6, new Secs. IV C, V C, VII and Appendix C5 since last version)
How do undergraduate nursing students learn about the fundamentals of care? A pilot cross-sectional attitudinal study
Creators: name: Bagnasco, Annamaria
name: Rossi, Silvia
name: Lanna, Sara
name: Dasso, Nicoletta
name: Ottonello, Giulia
name: Catania, Gianluca
name: Zanini, Milko
name: Aleo, Giuseppe
name: Timmins, Fiona
name: Sasso, Loredana
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction Despite the growing importance of nursing fundamentals of care, nurses often overlook these aspects of care. In this study, we explored why this happens precisely where nursing education is initially provided. In fact, little is known about how undergraduate nursing students perceive the teaching of fundamentals of care and how they value them. Methods This pilot cross-sectional study used a questionnaire adapted and validated in Italian to assess the perceptions of first, second, and third-year undergraduate nursing students (n=150) in an Italian university about the teaching of fundamentals of care during theoretical lessons and clinical practice. Results In the first section of the tool, on general fundamentals of care, students reported high levels of agreement for all items (range between 61.2% -100%). In the section on nutrition, divided into nutrition, oral intake of fluids, and malnutrition high percentages of agreement (50-100%) were obtained, but for questions regarding ‘learning how to document food and fluid intake’, first-year students reported low levels of agreement. With regard to the ‘Communication Section’, the item about ‘learning how to inform minor patients’ presented low percentages of agreement throughout the three-year program. Of the first-year students, between 71.4%-77.6% declared they had not received instructions about this. Conclusions Understanding how nursing students perceive the importance of learning of fundamentals of care during their curriculum and how their multidimensional nature is highlighted by teachers and clinical supervisors, will enable educators to address the gaps in the way they taught and prioritized within the curriculum.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Supplementary document for Expanding gain bandwidth using ion-hybridized fiber for kHz-linewidth single-frequency fiber lasers at S-, C-, and L-bands: Design and performance evaluation - 6836205.pdf
Creators: name: JI, YAO
name: Zhu, jinzhong
name: Li, Jialong
name: Yang, Changsheng
name: Wang, Weichao
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting Information
On entropy, specific heat, susceptibility and Rushbrooke inequality in percolation
Creators: name: Hassan, M. K.
name: Alam, D.
name: Jitu, Z. I.
name: Rahman, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate percolation, a probabilistic model for continuous phase transition (CPT), on square and weighted planar stochastic lattices. In its thermal counterpart, entropy is minimally low where order parameter (OP) is maximally high and vice versa. Besides, specific heat, OP and susceptibility exhibit power-law when approaching the critical point and the corresponding critical exponents $α, β, γ$ respectably obey the Rushbrooke inequality (RI) $α+2β+γ\geq 2$. Their analogues in percolation, however, remain elusive. We define entropy, specific heat and redefine susceptibility for percolation and show that they behave exactly in the same way as their thermal counterpart. We also show that RI holds for both the lattices albeit they belong to different universality classes.
description: 5 pages, 3 captioned figures, to appear as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review E, 2017
Ab-initio multi-scale simulation of high-harmonic generation in solids
Creators: name: Floss, Isabella
name: Lemell, Christoph
name: Wachter, Georg
name: Smejkal, Valerie
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
name: Tong, Xiao-Min
name: Yabana, Kazuhiro
name: Sato, Shunsuke A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-harmonic generation by a highly non-linear interaction of infrared laser fields with matter allows for the generation of attosecond pulses in the XUV spectral regime. This process, well established for atoms, has been recently extended to the condensed phase. Remarkably well pronounced harmonics up to order ~30 have been observed for dielectrics. We present the first ab-initio multi-scale simulation of solid-state high-harmonic generation. We find that mesoscopic effects of the extended system, in particular the realistic sampling of the entire Brillouin zone, the pulse propagation in the dense medium, and the inhomogeneous illumination of the crystal have a strong effect on the formation of clean harmonic spectra. Our results provide a novel explanation for the formation of clean harmonics and have implications for a wide range of non-linear optical processes in dense media.
Evaluation of the Effects of Diabetes Self-Management Education based on 5A Model on the Quality of Life and Blood Glucose of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Rezaei, Zahed
name: Rokni, Somayeh
name: Mohammadpour, Ali
name: Delshad Noghabi, Ali
name: Sajjadi, Moosa
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important condition during pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of self-management education based on 5A model on the quality of life and blood glucose level of women with GDM. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 pregnant women who referred to the urban health care centers affiliated to the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to March 2020 based on purposive sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups based on stratified random sampling using permuted block randomization method. The intervention group received self-management education program based on 5A model in five sessions during two months. Demographic data, blood glucose level, and diabetes quality of life (DQOL) questionnaire were recorded for each participant. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 16 and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of the participants was 33.11 ± 5.35 years old. At the end of the intervention, the mean blood glucose level of the participants in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). The quality of life in the intervention group was significantly improved at the end of the intervention compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Self-management education based on 5A model can effectively improve quality of life and blood glucose levels in women with GDM.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Relationship between dietary energy intake, nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in adults from the communes of Quellón and Chonchi, Chiloé, Chile
Creators: name: Crovetto, Mirta
name: Sepúlveda, María José
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Behavioural and metabolic risk factors are responsible for the greatest burden of disease; an unhealthy diet, along with abdominal obesity, are risk factors related to Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Data concerning food patterns were determined by the application of an interview-type instrument, used to assess the daily and weekly frequency of consumption; cardiovascular risk was assessed using waist circumference, and nutritional status via Body Mass Index. Student's t test was applied to evaluate the differences between variables and the Pearson's chi-square test for the association of variables. Results: Dietary energy intake (kcal/capita/day) was 3000 kcal, with an average distribution of 12.2% (proteins), 46.9% (carbohydrates), and 40.9% (total fats). The 78% of the sample suffered from malnutrition by excess. About 37.5% had Non-Communicable Diseases, with high blood pressure being the most frequent disease among both genders, with the highest prevalence among women, along with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Depending on the nutritional status, the presence of obesity is associated with high cardiovascular risk (p=0.000), greater energy availability (p=0.012), and an increased occurrence of non-communicable diseases (p=0.004). Conclusions: Malnutrition by excess figures support the global alert for obesity and overweight, which are considered to be a pandemic; in addition, Chiloé is not immune to the increasing trend of processed and ultra-processed food consumption.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inclusive top-quark pair ($t\bar{t}$) production cross-section $σ_{t\bar{t}}$ is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV, using 257 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected in 2017 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The $t\bar{t}$ cross-section is measured in both the dilepton and single-lepton final states of the $t\bar{t}$ system and then combined. The combination of the two measurements yields $σ_{t\bar{t}} = 67.5 \pm 0.9\text{(stat.)} \pm 2.3 \text{(syst.)} \pm 1.1\text{(lumi.)} \pm 0.2\text{(beam)}$ pb, where the four uncertainties reflect the limited size of the data sample, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, and imperfect knowledge of both the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total uncertainty of 3.9%. The result is in agreement with theoretical quantum chromodynamic calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, including the resummation of next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic soft-gluon terms, and constrains the parton distribution functions of the proton at large Bjorken-$x$.
description: 50 pages in total, 9 figures, 3 tables. All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2018-40/
Iterative initial condition reconstruction
Creators: name: Schmittfull, Marcel
name: Baldauf, Tobias
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent developments in perturbative calculations of the nonlinear evolution of large-scale structure, we present an iterative algorithm to reconstruct the initial conditions in a given volume starting from the dark matter distribution in real space. In our algorithm, objects are first moved back iteratively along estimated potential gradients, with a progressively reduced smoothing scale, until a nearly uniform catalog is obtained. The linear initial density is then estimated as the divergence of the cumulative displacement, with an optional second-order correction. This algorithm should undo nonlinear effects up to one-loop order, including the higher-order infrared resummation piece. We test the method using dark matter simulations in real space. At redshift $z=0$, we find that after eight iterations the reconstructed density is more than $95\%$ correlated with the initial density at $k\le 0.35\; h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. The reconstruction also reduces the power in the difference between reconstructed and initial fields by more than 2 orders of magnitude at $k\le 0.2\; h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and it extends the range of scales where the full broadband shape of the power spectrum matches linear theory by a factor of 2-3. As a specific application, we consider measurements of the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale that can be improved by reducing the degradation effects of large-scale flows. In our idealized dark matter simulations, the method improves the BAO signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2.7 at $z=0$ and by a factor of 2.5 at $z=0.6$, improving standard BAO reconstruction by $70\%$ at $z=0$ and $30\%$ at $z=0.6$, and matching the optimal BAO signal and signal-to-noise ratio of the linear density in the same volume. For BAO, the iterative nature of the reconstruction is the most important aspect.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, published version. Code available at https://github.com/mschmittfull/iterrec
Probing Supermassive Black Hole Binaries with Orbital Resonances of Laser-Ranged Satellite
Creators: name: Du, Minghui
name: Deng, Qiong
name: Bian, Yifan
name: Luo, Ziren
name: Xu, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary source candidates for low frequency gravitational wave (GW) detections, which could bring us deep insights into galaxy evolutions over cosmic time and violent processes of spacetime dynamics. Promising candidates had been found based on optical and X-ray observations, which claims for new and ready-to-use GW detection approaches before the operations of space-borne antennas. We show that, satellite laser ranging (SLR) missions could serve as probes of coalescing SMBHBs through the GW-induced resonant effects. Lasting and characteristic imprints caused by such resonances in the residual distances or accelerations from SLR measurements are studied, and the detection SNR is analyzed with both the current and future improved ranging precisions. Within redshift $z \sim 1$, the threshold SNR=5 requires 1-2 years of accumulated data for the current precision and months of data for improved precision, which are workable for the data processing of SLR missions. Meanwhile, joint detections with multiple SLR missions could further improve the total SNR and the confidence level. Such a detection scheme could fulfill the requirement of a tentative SMBHB probe during the preparing stage of LISA and Taiji, and it requires no further investment to any new and advanced facilities. It is also worthwhile to look back and re-process the archived data from the past decades, in where resonant signals from SMBHBs might be hidden.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq
Creators: name: Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan, Manal
name: Israa Dawood Salim
name: Tarek, Ahmad M.
name: Abdullah, Sura Saad
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: It is important to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards visceral leishmaniasis (VL) to implement an effective control program. Hence, this study aimed to shed light in KAP among residents at Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq. Methods: During March to May 2021, a cross-sectional study was done on 121 randomly selected residents. A normal self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the KAP. The results were expressed using descriptive analysis. Results: Overall, participants indicated average knowledge towards VL. However, the incubation period of VL (23.9%), the symptoms of VL (57.9%), and the diseases' transmission ways (54.5%) were recognized as knowledge gaps. The participants had favorable attitude towards VL, as majority of them (more than 70.0%) agreed that VL causes health problems in the local populations and local communities should be actively involved in the fight against VL. Also, majority of the participants agreed that VL is a treatable. Regarding practice towards VL, 110 (90.9%) participants had used preventive measures against sand fly bites. The majority of people (44.6%) chose cleanliness as a disease-prevention technique. The main sources of information used by participants to educate themselves about the condition were the internet (57.0%) and television (19.8%). Conclusion: Overall, the participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practice when it came to VL prevention. However, there were some gaps. Hence, it is recommended that knowledge-based strategies be strengthened and rigorously rolled out in order to raise awareness among the residents of the region.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Gender inequality and self-publication patterns among scientific editors
Creators: name: Liu, Fengyuan
name: Holme, Petter
name: Chiesa, Matteo
name: AlShebli, Bedoor
name: Rahwan, Talal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Academic publishing is the principal medium of documenting and disseminating scientific discoveries. At the heart of its daily operations are the editorial boards. Despite their activities and recruitment often being opaque to outside observers, they play a crucial role in promoting fair evaluations and gender parity. Literature on gender inequality lacks the connection between women as editors and as research-active scientists, thereby missing the comparison between the gender balances in these two academic roles. Literature on editorial fairness similarly lacks longitudinal studies on the conflicts of interest arising from editors being research active, which motivates them to expedite the publication of their papers. We fill these gaps using a dataset of 103,000 editors, 240 million authors, and 220 million publications spanning five decades and 15 disciplines. This unique dataset allows us to compare the proportion of female editors to that of female scientists in any given year or discipline. Although women are already underrepresented in science (26%), they are even more so among editors (14%) and editors-in-chief (8%); the lack of women with long-enough publishing careers explains the gender gap among editors, but not editors-in-chief, suggesting that other factors may be at play. Our dataset also allows us to study the self-publication patterns of editors, revealing that 8% of them double the rate at which they publish in their own journal soon after the editorship starts, and this behavior is accentuated in journals where the editors-in-chief self-publish excessively. Finally, men are more likely to engage in this behaviour than women.
Modular tunable coupler for superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Campbell, Daniel L.
name: Kamal, Archana
name: Ranzani, Leonardo
name: Senatore, Michael
name: LaHaye, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of modular and versatile quantum interconnect hardware is a key next step in the scaling of quantum information platforms to larger size and greater functionality. For superconducting quantum systems, fast and well-controlled tunable circuit couplers will be paramount for achieving high fidelity and resource efficient connectivity, whether for performing two-qubit gate operations, encoding or decoding a quantum data bus, or interfacing across modalities. Here we propose a versatile and internally-tunable double-transmon coupler (DTC) architecture that implements tunable coupling via flux-controlled interference in a three-junction dcSQUID. Crucially, the DTC possesses an internally defined zero-coupling state that is independent of the coupled data qubits or circuit resonators. This makes it particular attractive as a modular and versatile design element for realizing fast and robust linear coupling in several applications such as high-fidelity two-qubit gate operations, qubit readout, and quantum bus interfacing.
Conditional Colour-Magnitude Distribution of Central Galaxies in Galaxy Formation Models
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoju
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Guo, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the conditional colour-magnitude distribution (CCMD), namely the colour-magnitude distribution at fixed halo mass, of the central galaxies in semi-analytic galaxy formation model (SAM) and hydrodynamic simulations. We analyse the CCMD of central galaxies in each halo mass bin with the Gaussian mixture model and find that it can be decomposed into red and blue components nearly orthogonal to each other, a red component narrow in colour and extended in magnitude and a blue component narrow in magnitude and extended in colour. We focus on the SAM galaxies to explore the origin of the CCMD components by studying the relation between central galaxy colour and halo or galaxy properties. Central galaxy colour is correlated with halo assembly properties for low mass haloes and independent of them for high mass haloes. Galaxy properties such as central supermassive black hole mass, cold gas mass, and gas specific angular momentum can all impact central galaxy colour. These results are corroborated by an alternative machine learning analysis in which we attempt to predict central galaxy colour with halo and galaxy properties. We find that the prediction for colours of central galaxies can be significantly improved using both halo and galaxy properties as input compared to using halo properties alone. With the halo and galaxy properties considered here, we find that subtle discrepancies remain between predicted and original colour distribution for low mass haloes and that no significant determining properties are identified in massive haloes, suggesting modulations by additional stochastic processes in galaxy formation.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, published by MNRAS
Covariate Adjustment in Randomized Clinical Trials with Missing Covariate and Outcome Data
Creators: name: Chang, Chia-Rui
name: Song, Yue
name: Li, Fan
name: Wang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When analyzing data from randomized clinical trials, covariate adjustment can be used to account for chance imbalance in baseline covariates and to increase precision of the treatment effect estimate. A practical barrier to covariate adjustment is the presence of missing data. In this paper, in the light of recent theoretical advancement, we first review several covariate adjustment methods with incomplete covariate data. We investigate the implications of the missing data mechanism on estimating the average treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with continuous or binary outcomes. In parallel, we consider settings where the outcome data are fully observed or are missing at random; in the latter setting, we propose a full weighting approach that combines inverse probability weighting for adjusting missing outcomes and overlap weighting for covariate adjustment. We highlight the importance of including the interaction terms between the missingness indicators and covariates as predictors in the models. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to examine the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods and compare with a range of common alternatives. We find that conducting the proposed adjustment methods generally improves the precision of treatment effect estimates regardless of the imputation methods when the adjusted covariate is associated with the outcome. We apply the methods to the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial to assess the effect of adenotonsillectomy on neurocognitive functioning scores.
Competition between frustration and spin dimensionality in the classical antiferromagnetic $n$-vector model with arbitrary $n$
Creators: name: Konstantinidis, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method to characterize the strength of magnetic frustration is proposed by calculating the minimum dimensionality of the absolute ground states of the classical nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic $n$-vector model with arbitrary $n$. Platonic solids in three and four dimensions and Archimedean solids have lowest-energy configurations in a number of spin dimensions equal to their real-space dimensionality. Fullerene molecules and geodesic icosahedra can produce ground states in as many as five spin dimensions. Frustration is also characterized by the maximum value of the ground-state energy when the exchange interactions are allowed to vary.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Anticipating the Asadora Effect: Kasagi Shizuko, NHK’s Boogie Woogie (2023) and the Fabrication of Japanese Popular Culture History m
Creators: name: Furmanovsky, Michael
name: Patterson, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Asian history
Gender history

description: In September 2023, NHK will release a new morning television drama (Asadora) based on the life of the pre-and post-war jazz singer and actress Kasagi Shizuko (1914-1985). This series has been an important vehicle for educating a general television audience on the lives of relatively unknown Taisho and Showa-era female pioneers for over six decades. The fictionalized story of Kasagi’s life is expected to attract an audience of over twenty million and in anticipation of its release, an effort is made to provide a detailed narrative and analysis of the woman known for cheering up Japanese society in the immediate post-war years through her jazz-influenced “boogie-woogie” songs
Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure
Creators: name: Tulin, Sean
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review theories of dark matter (DM) beyond the collisionless paradigm, known as self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), and their observable implications for astrophysical structure in the Universe. Self-interactions are motivated, in part, due to the potential to explain long-standing (and more recent) small scale structure observations that are in tension with collisionless cold DM (CDM) predictions. Simple particle physics models for SIDM can provide a universal explanation for these observations across a wide range of mass scales spanning dwarf galaxies, low and high surface brightness spiral galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. At the same time, SIDM leaves intact the success of $Λ$CDM cosmology on large scales. This report covers the following topics: (1) small scale structure issues, including the core-cusp problem, the diversity problem for rotation curves, the missing satellites problem, and the too-big-to-fail problem, as well as recent progress in hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation; (2) N-body simulations for SIDM, including implications for density profiles, halo shapes, substructure, and the interplay between baryons and self-interactions; (3) semi-analytic Jeans-based methods that provide a complementary approach for connecting particle models with observations; (4) merging systems, such as cluster mergers (e.g., the Bullet Cluster) and minor infalls, along with recent simulation results for mergers; (5) particle physics models, including light mediator models and composite DM models; and (6) complementary probes for SIDM, including indirect and direct detection experiments, particle collider searches, and cosmological observations. We provide a summary and critical look for all current constraints on DM self-interactions and an outline for future directions.
description: Invited review for Physics Reports. v2: Minor changes and references added
Prediction of Hepatitis Disease Using Ensemble Learning Methods
Creators: name: Majzoobi, Mohammad Mahdi
name: Namdar, Sepideh
name: Najafi-Vosough, Roya
name: Hajilouei, Ali Abbas
name: Mahjub, Hossein
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Objective: Hepatitis is one of the chronic diseases that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which cause deaths around the world. Hence, early diagnosis is needed to control, treat, and reduce the effects of this disease. This study's main goal was to compare the performance of traditional and ensemble learning methods for predicting hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Also, important variables related to HBV and HCV were identified. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Hamadan Province, Western Iran, between 2018 and 2019. It included 534 subjects (267 cases and 267 controls). The bagging, random forest, AdaBoost, and logistic regression were used for predicting HBV and HCV. These methods' performance was evaluated using accuracy. Results: According to the results, the accuracy of bagging, random forest, Adaboost, and logistic regression were 0.65±0.03, 0.66±0.03, 0.62±0.04, and 0.64±0.03, respectively, with random forest showing the best performance for predicting HBV. This method showed that ALT was the most important variable for predicting HBV. The accuracy of random forest was 0.77±0.03 for predicting HCV. Also, the random forest showed that the order of variable importance has belonged to AST, ALT, and age for predicting HCV. Conclusion: This study showed that random forest performed better than other methods for predicting HBV and HCV.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Decision-oriented two-parameter Fisher information sensitivity using symplectic decomposition
Creators: name: Yang, Jiannan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Fisher information matrix (FIM) can reveal the most and least sensitive directions of a system and it has wide application across science and engineering. We present a symplectic variant of the eigenvalue decomposition for the FIM and extract the sensitivity information with respect to two-parameter conjugate pairs. The symplectic approach decomposes the FIM onto an even-dimensional symplectic basis. This symplectic structure can reveal additional sensitivity information between two-parameter pairs, otherwise concealed in the orthogonal basis from the standard eigenvalue decomposition. The proposed sensitivity approach can be applied to naturally paired two-parameter distribution parameters, or decision-oriented pairing via re-grouping or re-parameterization of the FIM. It can be utilised in tandem with the standard eigenvalue decomposition and offer additional insight into the sensitivity analysis at negligible extra cost.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, and a Supplement Material as ancillary files. Technometrics 2023. New version adds a benchmark section. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/longitude-jyang/SymplecticFisherSensitivity
Cosmological searches for a non-cold dark matter component
Creators: name: Gariazzo, Stefano
name: Escudero, Miguel
name: Diamanti, Roberta
name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore an extended cosmological scenario where the dark matter is an admixture of cold and additional non-cold species. The mass and temperature of the non-cold dark matter particles are extracted from a number of cosmological measurements. Among others, we consider tomographic weak lensing data and Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxy counts. We also study the potential of these scenarios in alleviating the existing tensions between local measurements and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) estimates of the $S_8$ parameter, with $S_8=σ_8\sqrt{Ω_m}$, and of the Hubble constant $H_0$. In principle, a sub-dominant, non-cold dark matter particle with a mass $m_X\sim$~keV, could achieve the goals above. However, the preferred ranges for its temperature and its mass are different when extracted from weak lensing observations and from Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxy counts, since these two measurements require suppressions of the matter power spectrum at different scales. Therefore, solving simultaneously the CMB-weak lensing tensions and the small scale crisis in the standard cold dark matter picture via only one non-cold dark matter component seems to be challenging.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Late resubmission to match published version
Canonical formulation of embedding gravity in a form of General Relativity with dark matter
Creators: name: Paston, S. A.
name: Zaitseva, T. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study embedding gravity, a modified theory of gravity, in which our space-time is assumed to be a four-dimensional surface in flat ten-dimensional space. Based on a simple geometric idea, this theory can be reformulated as General Relativity with additional degrees of freedom and contribution to action, which can be interpreted as describing dark matter. We study the canonical formalism for such a formulation of embedding gravity. After solving simple constraints, the Hamiltonian is reduced to a linear combination of four first class constraints with Lagrange multipliers. There still remain six pairs of second class constraints. Possible ways of taking these constraints into account are discussed. We show that one way of solving the constraints leads to the canonical system going into the previously known canonical formulation of the complete embedding theory with an implicitly defined constraint.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages. This version corresponds to the published one
Structural relaxation and delayed yielding in cyclically sheared Cu-Zr metallic glasses
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The yielding transition, structural relaxation, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses subjected to repeated loading are examined using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a poorly-annealed Cu-Zr amorphous alloy periodically deformed in a wide range of strain amplitudes at room temperature. It is found that low-amplitude cyclic loading leads to a logarithmic decay of the potential energy, and lower energy states are attained when the strain amplitude approaches a critical point from below. Moreover, the potential energy after several thousand loading cycles is a linear function of the peak value of the stress overshoot during startup continuous shear deformation of the annealed sample. We show that the process of structural relaxation involves collective, irreversible rearrangements of groups of atoms whose spatial extent is most pronounced at the initial stage of loading and higher strain amplitudes. At the critical amplitude, the glass becomes mechanically annealed for a number of transient cycles and then yields via formation of a shear band. The yielding transition is clearly marked by abrupt changes in the potential energy, storage modulus, and fraction of atoms with large nonaffine displacements.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
Stochastic laser cooling enabled by many body effects
Creators: name: Dann, Roie
name: Kosloff, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel laser cooling mechanism based on many body effects is presented. The method can be applicable for cooling a large class of atoms and molecules in higher density than commonly excepted by existing methods. The cooling mechanism relies on the collective encounters of particle and light. Stochastic events between the particles and photons as well as a collective effect give rise to energy transfer between these media. Such mechanism relies on multiple light-matter encounters, therefore requiring a sufficient particle density, $ρ\sim 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$. This is an advantage for experiments where high phase space density is required. A second tuning laser can be added increasing the applicability to many types of atoms and molecules. This tuning laser changes the inter-particle potential by inducing an AC stark effect. As a result the required trapping density can be reduced down to $ρ\sim 10^6 \text{cm}^{-3}$. Simulations of phase space distributions were performed comparing different particle densities, trap potentials and light field intensity profiles. The modelling shows efficient cooling rates up to $~10^{2} \text{K/s}$ for a dense ensemble of $~^{87}$Rb atoms, and cooling rates up to $~6\cdot 10^{2} \text{K/s}$ when adding an additional tuning source.
Indirect hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice during chronic hepatitis C in an HIV-infected patient treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). The first reported case in Italy
Creators: name: Mastroianni, ANTONIO
name: VANGELI, VALERIA
name: GRECO, SONIA
name: GUADAGNINO, GIULIANA
name: CHIDICHIMO, LUCIANA
name: URSO, FILIPPO
name: RITACCA, ROSSANA
name: PERUGINI, DANIELA
name: MAURO, MARIA VITTORIA
name: TENUTA, ROBERT
name: GRECO, FRANCESCA
name: BONORA, STEFANO
name: DE NICOLO', AMEDEO
name: D'AVOLIO, ANTONIO
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Glecaprevir (GLE)/pibrentasvir (PIB) is a pangenotypic direct- acting antiviral regimen approved for treating chronic hepatitis C virus. Primary treatment and re-treatment with GLE/PIB are effective and safe for patients without decompensated liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C in a real-world clinical setting. However, in the context of compensated cirrhosis and concomitant adminis- tration of inhibitors of cytochromes, a careful monitoring of liver biomarkers, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), may be advisable during GLE/PIB therapy. The GLE / PIB combination is very effective and safe in achieving a sustained virological response, but it can be associated with the development of severe hepatic adverse events, which require virological and serum con- centration monitoring of the two drugs to prevent a serious liver damage. The possible onset of hyperbilirubinemia must not neces- sarily lead to the suspension of therapy, because the phenomenon may be transient. We report what is likely the first known case of severe jaundice after treatment with GLE/PIB in Italy in a patient with compensated chronic hepatitis in the context of HIV disease.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Statistics for stochastic differential equations and approximations of resolvent
Creators: name: Ohkubo, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical evaluation of statistics plays a crucial role in statistical physics and its applied fields. It is possible to evaluate the statistics for a stochastic differential equation with Gaussian white noise via the corresponding backward Kolmogorov equation. The important notice is that there is no need to obtain the solution of the backward Kolmogorov equation on the whole domain; it is enough to evaluate a value of the solution at a certain point that corresponds to the initial coordinate for the stochastic differential equation. For this aim, an algorithm based on combinatorics has recently been developed. In this paper, we discuss a higher-order approximation of resolvent, and an algorithm based on a second-order approximation is proposed. The proposed algorithm shows a second-order convergence. Furthermore, the convergence property of the naive algorithms naturally leads to extrapolation methods; they work well to calculate a more accurate value with fewer computational costs. The proposed method is demonstrated with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and the noisy van der Pol system.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Nearly-tight VC-dimension and pseudodimension bounds for piecewise linear neural networks
Creators: name: Bartlett, Peter L.
name: Harvey, Nick
name: Liaw, Chris
name: Mehrabian, Abbas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove new upper and lower bounds on the VC-dimension of deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function. These bounds are tight for almost the entire range of parameters. Letting $W$ be the number of weights and $L$ be the number of layers, we prove that the VC-dimension is $O(W L \log(W))$, and provide examples with VC-dimension $Ω( W L \log(W/L) )$. This improves both the previously known upper bounds and lower bounds. In terms of the number $U$ of non-linear units, we prove a tight bound $Θ(W U)$ on the VC-dimension. All of these bounds generalize to arbitrary piecewise linear activation functions, and also hold for the pseudodimensions of these function classes. Combined with previous results, this gives an intriguing range of dependencies of the VC-dimension on depth for networks with different non-linearities: there is no dependence for piecewise-constant, linear dependence for piecewise-linear, and no more than quadratic dependence for general piecewise-polynomial.
description: Extended abstract appeared in COLT 2017; the upper bound was presented at the 2016 ACM Conference on Data Science. This version includes all the proofs and a refinement of the upper bound, Theorem 6. 16 pages, 2 figures