Anisopodus flavomarginatus Vlasak & Santos-Silva & Nascimento 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Vlasak, Josef
name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto De L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Anisopodus
Anisopodus flavomarginatus

description: Anisopodus flavomarginatus sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–11)
Description. Male (Figs. 1–7). Integument mostly dark brown; mouthparts mostly reddish brown, with palpi yellowish brown except basal half of last palpomeres reddish brown and distal half dark brown; scape and pedicel brown; basal 3/4 of antennomeres III–IV, basal third of V, and basal half of VI dark reddish brown, and remaining surface dark brown; antennomeres VII–XI black; pronotum with large, subelliptical blackish macula on each side of anterior half; prosternal process gradually dark reddish brown toward apex; metaventrite slightly reddish brown close to metacoxal cavities; elytra with one moderately large, subcircular blackish macula on center of anterior sixth, one large, oblique, subelliptical blackish macula on dorsal surface slightly after posterior half, almost reaching suture, dark brown macula on humeral area, darker than general surface of elytra, gradually blackish close to epipleural margin, another large, irregular dark-brown macula laterally slightly before middle, also darker than general surface of elytra, and numerous small, circular dark brown maculae dorsally, contrasting with general surface of elytra; coxae, trochanters, pro- and mesofemoral peduncles, basal third of metafemoral peduncle reddish brown (mesofemoral peduncle more yellowish brown); about basal 2/3 of tibiae dark reddish brown; protarsomere I reddish brown on base, dark brown on remaining surface, II dark brown, and III–V reddish brown; mesotarsomere I reddish brown on basal 2/3, almost black on posterior third, II almost black, and III–V reddish brown; metatarsomere I reddish brown on basal 4/5, blackish on posterior fifth, II blackish, and III–V reddish brown; abdominal ventrites I–IV mostly dark brown centrally, sides of III–IV mostly irregularly dark brown, and remaining surface reddish brown (more reddish brown depending on light intensity); abdominal ventrite V mostly dark brown.
Head. Frons convex, minutely, densely punctate; with pale-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument (more yellowish brown or greenish yellow depending on light intensity), short, erect setae of same color interspersed, and one long, erect dark seta close to each eye. Vertex shallowly, minutely, abundantly punctate; with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument except glabrous Y-shaped central area between eyes; area between eyes and antennal socket with dense yellow pubescence. Area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing as on vertex, area behind lower eye lobes very finely rugose-punctate, distinctly smoother on inferior area; with dense, somewhat bristly yellow pubescence close to eye, more yellowish brown, shorter toward prothorax; with a few long, erect, dark setae close to lower eye lobe. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons. Median groove distinct from clypeus to near prothoracic margin. Genae 0.3 times length of lower eye lobe; minutely rugose except carina-shaped smooth margins; with pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous smooth area. Postclypeus narrow, well separated from frons, nearly glabrous, with long, erect, sparse dark setae on wide central area. Labrum with short, sparse pale-yellow pubescence, denser on anterior margin, and long, erect, dark setae on posterior half (apex of each seta yellowish). Distance between upper eye lobes 0.15 times length of scape (0.17 times distance between outer margins of eyes); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.39 times length of scape (0.46 times distance between outer margins of eyes). Antennae 2.9 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere VI. Scape with pale-yellow pubescence (more yellowish brown depending on light intensity), slightly longer and denser ventrally, bristly on ventral apex; with moderately short, sparse, erect brown setae ventrally. Pedicel with yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Antennomere III with sparse yellowish pubescence on reddish brown area, less conspicuous, yellowish-white on dark area (appearing to be darker due to the color of integument); with short, erect, thick dark setae ventrally. Remaining antennomeres with sparse, short yellowish-white pubescence; antennomere IV with short, erect, thick, sparse dark setae ventrally. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.98; pedicel = 0.07; IV = 1.04; V = 0.89; VI = 0.79; VII = 0.75; VIII = 0.82; IX = 0.80; X = 0.71; XI = 0.86.
Thorax. Prothorax transverse; sides sinuous, distinctly widened from anterolateral angles to slightly before middle, then slightly widened toward lateral tubercles (Fig. 5), which are continuation of lateral margin, then abruptly narrowed after lateral tubercle; lateral tubercles large, placed on posterior fifth, with acute apex slightly directed backward. Pronotum slightly carina-shaped on center of posterior half; moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate on wide central area of posterior quarter, sparsely punctate on sides of central area (punctures gradually sparser toward anterior margin), and sparsely punctate laterally (punctures sparser toward anterior margin, except area with denser punctures near middle); with greenish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, more pale yellow on some irregular areas, especially on center of posterior third, dark brown pubescence on blackish maculae, and yellow pubescent ring surrounding each blackish macula; with a few long, erect brownish setae on center of posterior quarter and behind lateral tubercles. Sides of prothorax with large almost black macula on center of posterior 2/3 (anterior margin of this area rounded); with yellow pubescence nearly obscuring integument except dark-brown pubescence on dark macula, and glabrous anterior margin. Prosternum with yellow pubescence obscuring integument laterally, gradually, shorter, sparser, pale yellow toward central area (more yellowish white depending on light intensity). Narrowest area of prosternal process (Fig. 6) about 0.15 times width of procoxal cavity. Narrowest area of mesoventral process (Fig. 7) almost 0.2 times width of mesocoxal cavity. Meso- and metaventrite with yellow pubescence laterally, shorter, sparser, pale yellow (more yellowish white depending on light intensity) on wide central area; mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and metanepisternum with dense yellow pubescence. Scutellum with greenish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, yellower on margins. Elytra. Moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate on basal third, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; with pale-yellow pubescence obscuring integument, sparser on circum-scutellar area, greenish yellow on dorsal arched band from basal quarter (between dark maculae), greenish yellow on slightly oblique band on posterior third (not reaching apex), dark brown on dark maculae, and forming yellow pubescent ring surrounding large dorsal maculae; apex with long, nearly triangular projection on outer angle, short, triangular projection on sutural angle, concave between projections.
Legs. Pro- and mesofemora with pale-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument (yellower depending on light intensity); metafemora with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; pro- and mesofemoral peduncles arched, especially the profemoral peduncle; pro- and mesofemora pedunculate-clavate; metafemora gradually widened from about middle; apex of metafemora distinctly surpassing elytral apex. Protibiae arched in posterior third, with apex projected inward; with pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument dorsally and laterally, bristly, denser ventrally, with short, thick dark setae interspersed on posterior third of ventral surface. Mesotibiae with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, yellowish-brown, bristly on apex and entire posterior third of ventral surface; dorsal surface of posterior third with thick, abundant, short, erect brown setae. Metatibiae with sparse yellowish-white pubescence, yellower, bristly, denser on posterior sixth of ventral surface, and slightly denser and bristly on posterior sixth of dorsal surface. Metatarsomere I slightly arched, much longer than II–V together.
Abdomen. Ventrites with pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Apex of ventrite V strongly concave, making sides distinctly triangularly projected.
Female (Figs. 8–11). Differs from male as follows: body somewhat stouter; prothorax wider and shorter; antenna shorter, 2.35 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior third of antennomere VI; lateral tubercles of prothorax (Fig. 8) placed more anteriorly; prosternal (Fig. 9) and mesoventral (Fig. 10) processes wider; metafemora not reaching elytral apex; metatarsomere I slightly longer than II–V together.
Dimensions in mm (Holotype male/ paratype female). Total length, 12.25/11.80; prothoracic length, 2.15/1.75; anterior prothoracic width, 2.50/2.50; posterior prothoracic width, 2.80/2.65; widest prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.30/3.20; humeral width, 4.00/4.20; elytral length, 8.85/9.10.
Type material. Holotype male from ECUADOR, Pichincha: Mindo (El Séptimo Paraíso Hotel; adult on wood), 16.VI.2019, D. Vlasak col. (MZSP). Paratype female, same data as holotype except “emerged from pupa” (JVCO).
Etymology. The name refers to the margin of yellow pubescence around the main elytral and pronotal maculae.
Remarks. Anisopodus White, 1855 is in need of a taxonomic revision because there are species which do not fit the original diagnosis. According to Thomson (1860), Anisopodus is characterized as follows: depressed body shape; elongated posterior legs; tarsomeres I elongated, especially the metatarsomere I (much more elongated). One of the main characteristics of Anisopodus is the distinctly elongated metafemora. However, as this is a dimorphic characteristic (females do not have them), some species (e.g., A. brevis Gahan, 1892 and A. latus Monné & Martins, 1976) are known only by females, which puts their generic allocation in doubt.
Anisopodus flavomarginatus sp. nov. agrees well with the features of A. arachnoides (Audinet-Serville, 1835), type-species of the genus. The new species is similar to A. argus Bates, 1872 (Fig. 12), but differs as follows: pronotum with two large dark maculae; anterodorsal dark macula of elytra large, surrounded by yellow pubescence; posterodorsal dark macula of elytra ascending from sides to suture, well-marked and surrounded by yellow pubescence; and metafemora in male distinctly surpassing elytral apex. In A. argus, the pronotum has four small dark maculae, anterodorsal dark macula of elytra small and not surrounded by yellow pubescence, posterodorsal dark macula of elytra descending from sides to suture, ill-marked and not surrounded by dark pubescence, and metafemora in male only reaching elytral apex. The new species differs from A. arachnoides (see photographs at Bezark 2020) by body stouter in male (slender in A. arachnoides), basal half of elytra not densely punctate (densely punctate in A. arachnoides), pronotal and elytral dark macula distinctly larger and surrounded by yellow pubescence (small and not surrounded by yellow pubescence in A. arachnoides), and prothorax wider in female (narrower in female of A. arachnoides). It can be separated from A. batesi Gilmour, 1965, and A. andicola Kirsch, 1889 (see photographs at Bezark 2020) especially by the sides of the dorsal surface of the elytra lacking three large dark maculae (present in A. batesi and A. andicola). It differs from A. hiekei Martins, 1974 (see photographs at Bezark 2020) by body stouter in male (slender in A. hiekei), pronotal and elytral dark maculae larger (distinctly smaller in A. hiekei), and sides of the elytra not entirely blackish (entirely blackish in A. hiekei). The new species differs from A. sparsus Bates, 1863, and A. subarmatus Melzer, 1931 (see photographs at Bezark 2020), by the dark posterodorsal macula oblique, and not reaching suture and sides (oblique laterally, transverse toward suture, reaching sides and suture in A. sparsus and A. subarmatus), and by the elytral apex distinctly bispinose (not spinose in A. sparsus and A. subarmatus).
description: Published as part of Vlasak, Josef, Santos-Silva, Antonio & Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto De L., 2020, Two new species, transference, notes, and new record in South American Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 355-366 in Zootaxa 4779 (3) on pages 356-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3835409