cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generation of Magnetic Fields and Jitter Radiation in GRBs. I. Kinetic Theory
Creators: name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of generation of strong (sub-equipartition) magnetic fields in relativistic collisionless GRB shocks. These fields produced by the kinetic two-stream instability are tangled on very small spatial scales. This has a clear signature in the otherwise synchrotron(-self-Compton) $γ$-ray spectrum. Second, we present an analytical theory of jitter radiation, which is emitted when the correlation length of the magnetic field is smaller then the gyration (Larmor) radius of the accelerated electrons. We demonstrate that the spectral power $P(ν)$ for pure jitter radiation is well-described by a sharply broken power-law: $P(ν)\proptoν^1$ for $νν_j$, where $p$ is the electron power-law index and $ν_j$ is the jitter break, which is independent of the magnetic field strength and depends on the shock energetics and kinematics. Here we mostly focus on the first problem. The radiation theory and comparison with observations will be discussed in the forthcoming publications.
description: 3 pages with 2 eps figures, aipproc.sty. To appear in Proceedings of the 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, Austin, Texas, 2000, edited by J. Craig Wheeler and Hugo Martel (American Institute of Physics)
MOESM4 of Less biomass and intracellular glutamate in anodic biofilms lead to efficient electricity generation by microbial fuel cells
Creators: name: Sasaki, Daisuke
name: Sasaki, Kengo
name: Yota Tsuge
name: Kondo, Akihiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 4. Relative ratios of (a) ATP/ADP and (b) NADH/NAD+ in microbial cells growing on MFC anodes (MFC-1â ˛-Anode, black bars; MFC-2â ˛-Anode, white bars). Values were calculated based on the amounts of these metabolites.
LAR@MSL Team Description Paper 2023
Creators: name: Alcântara Ribeiro, António Fernando
name: Coelho Lopes, Carolina
name: Costa, Joel
name: Martins, José
name: Silva, Rúben
name: Lima, Rui
name: Ribeiro, A.Fernando
name: Lopes, Gil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Computer vision

description: Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BYe9JvSy10
Observational signatures of Rotating compact objects in Plasma space-time
Creators: name: Kumar, Saurabh
name: Uniyal, Akhil
name: Chakrabarti, Sayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the characteristics of shadows cast by the Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma and compared them to those of a rotating wormhole in a uniform plasma space-time for an observer at infinity. Interestingly, for the same uniform plasma density, the apparent shadow size of the rotating wormhole is always greater than that of the Kerr black hole. To further distinguish the two compact objects we studied the deflection angle and did a comparative study in the presence of the uniform and non-uniform plasma profiles. The goal of this whole exercise is to deepen our understanding of the observational phenomena of these astrophysical objects. The analysis reveals the importance of specific plasma distribution profiles, the impact of plasma on the shadow diameter, and the behavior of deflection angles in different plasma scenarios. We have calculated constraints on the plasma parameters by considering observational data and employing analytical formulations. Our work therefore provides valuable insights into the behavior of light rays near compact objects in plasma space-time.
Simultaneous Feature and Sample Selection Using Ensemble Multi-objective Search Space Enhanced Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: M. Sathya, S. Manju Priya
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Microarray data analysis
F1-score
SMWOA
Feature Selection
Sample Selection
SFSS
Biological-inspired algorithm
Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)
Levy Flight (LF)
Pareto optimal problem
Cancer detection
Leukemia dataset
Support vector machine (SVM)
Lymphoma, SFSS-EMSMWOA
Prostate
Lung cancer.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6C: 1-14
Surface Properties of Aperiodic Ising Quantum Chains
Creators: name: Hermisson, J.
name: Grimm, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Ising quantum chains with quenched aperiodic disorder of the coupling constants given through general substitution rules. The critical scaling behaviour of several bulk and surface quantities is obtained by exact real space renormalization.
description: 4 pages, RevTex, reference updated
Exploiting Full/Half-Duplex User Relaying in NOMA Systems
Creators: name: Yue, Xinwei
name: Liu, Yuanwei
name: Kang, Shaoli
name: Nallanathan, Arumugam
name: Ding, Zhiguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a novel cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is proposed, where one near user is employed as decode-and-forward (DF) relaying switching between full-duplex (FD) and half-duplex (HD) mode to help a far user. Two representative cooperative relaying scenarios are investigated insightfully. The \emph{first scenario} is that no direct link exists between the base station (BS) and far user. The \emph{second scenario} is that the direct link exists between the BS and far user. To characterize the performance of potential gains brought by FD NOMA in two considered scenarios, three performance metrics outage probability, ergodic rate and energy efficiency are discussed. More particularly, we derive new closed-form expressions for both exact and asymptotic outage probabilities as well as delay-limited throughput for two NOMA users. Based on the derived results, the diversity orders achieved by users are obtained. We confirm that the use of direct link overcomes zero diversity order of far NOMA user inherent to FD relaying. Additionally, we derive new closed-form expressions for asymptotic ergodic rates. Based on these, the high signal-to-noise radio (SNR) slopes of two users for FD NOMA are obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) FD NOMA is superior to HD NOMA in terms of outage probability and ergodic sum rate in the low SNR region; and 2) In delay-limited transmission mode, FD NOMA has higher energy efficiency than HD NOMA in the low SNR region; However, in delay-tolerant transmission mode, the system energy efficiency of HD NOMA exceeds FD NOMA in the high SNR region.
description: 15 pages,10 figures
MOESM11 of Utility of 5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial activity
Creators: name: Abdelhamid, Abdou
name: Sayed, Ibrahim El
name: Zaki, Yasser
name: Hussein, Ahmed
name: Mangoud Mangoud
name: Hosny, Mona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 11: Figure S11. 1H NMR, Mass, and IR spectra of compound (11b).
Theoretical and Experimental Adsorption Studies of Polyelectrolytes on an Oppositely Charged Surface
Creators: name: Mashl, R. Jay
name: Grønbech-Jensen, Niels
name: Fitzsimmons, M. R.
name: Lütt, M.
name: Li, DeQuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using self-assembly techniques, x-ray reflectivity measurements, and computer simulations, we study the effective interaction between charged polymer rods and surfaces. Long-time Brownian dynamics simulations are used to measure the effective adhesion force acting on the rods in a model consisting of a planar array of uniformly positively charged, stiff rods and a negatively charged planar substrate in the presence of explicit monovalent counterions and added monovalent salt ions in a continuous, isotropic dielectric medium. This electrostatic model predicts an attractive polymer-surface adhesion force that is weakly dependent on the bulk salt concentration and that shows fair agreement with a Debye-Huckel approximation for the macroion interaction at salt concentrations near 0.1 M. Complementary x-ray reflectivity experiments on poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium) chloride (PDDA) monolayer films on the native oxide of silicon show that monolayer structure, electron density, and surface roughness are likewise independent of the bulk ionic strength of the solution.
description: Revtex, prb format; uses amssymb
Searching for continuous gravitational wave sources in binary systems
Creators: name: Dhurandhar, Sanjeev V.
name: Vecchio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of searching for continuous gravitational wave sources orbiting a companion object. This issue is of particular interest because the LMXB's, and among them Sco X-1, might be marginally detectable with 2 years coherent observation time by the Earth-based laser interferometers expected to come on line by 2002, and clearly observable by the second generation of detectors. Moreover, several radio pulsars, which could be deemed to be CW sources, are found to orbit a companion star or planet, and the LIGO/VIRGO/GEO network plans to continuously monitor such systems. We estimate the computational costs for a search launched over the additional five parameters describing generic elliptical orbits using match filtering techniques. These techniques provide the optimal signal-to-noise ratio and also a very clear and transparent theoretical framework. We provide ready-to-use analytical expressions for the number of templates required to carry out the searches in the astrophysically relevant regions of the parameter space, and how the computational cost scales with the ranges of the parameters. We also determine the critical accuracy to which a particular parameter must be known, so that no search is needed for it. In order to disentangle the computational burden involved in the orbital motion of the CW source, from the other source parameters (position in the sky and spin-down), and reduce the complexity of the analysis, we assume that the source is monochromatic and its location in the sky is exactly known. The orbital elements, on the other hand, are either assumed to be completely unknown or only partly known. We apply our theoretical analysis to Sco X-1 and the neutron stars with binary companions which are listed in the radio pulsar catalogue.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps figures, submitted to PRD
Use of recommendation models to provide support to dyslexic students
Creators: name: Morciano, Gianluca
name: Alcalde-Llergo, José Manuel
name: Zingoni, Andrea
name: Yeguas-Bolivar, Enrique
name: Taborri, Juri
name: Calabrò, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dyslexia is the most widespread specific learning disorder and significantly impair different cognitive domains. This, in turn, negatively affects dyslexic students during their learning path. Therefore, specific support must be given to these students. In addition, such a support must be highly personalized, since the problems generated by the disorder can be very different from one to another. In this work, we explored the possibility of using AI to suggest the most suitable supporting tools for dyslexic students, so as to provide a targeted help that can be of real utility. To do this, we relied on recommendation algorithms, which are a branch of machine learning, that aim to detect personal preferences and provide the most suitable suggestions. We hence implemented and trained three collaborative-filtering recommendation models, namely an item-based, a user-based and a weighted-hybrid model, and studied their performance on a large database of 1237 students' information, collected with a self-evaluating questionnaire regarding all the most used supporting strategies and digital tools. Each recommendation model was tested with three different similarity metrics, namely Pearson correlation, Euclidean distance and Cosine similarity. The obtained results showed that a recommendation system is highly effective in suggesting the optimal help tools/strategies for everyone. This demonstrates that the proposed approach is successful and can be used as a new and effective methodology to support students with dyslexia.
description: 36 pages, 4 figures and 6 tables. Preprint submitted to Expert Systems with Applications
MOESM5 of Less biomass and intracellular glutamate in anodic biofilms lead to efficient electricity generation by microbial fuel cells
Creators: name: Sasaki, Daisuke
name: Sasaki, Kengo
name: Yota Tsuge
name: Kondo, Akihiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Relationship between current density and intracellular glutamate concentration in the anodic biofilm of MFCs.
Self-Interacting Dark Matter with Flavor Mixing
Creators: name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crisis of the cold dark matter and problems of the self-interacting dark matter models is resolved by postulating flavor mixing of dark matter particles. Flavor-mixed particles segregate in the gravitational field to form dark halos composed of heavy mass eigenstates. Since these particles are mixed in the interaction basis, elastic collisions convert some of heavy eigenstates into light ones which leave dense central regions of the halo. This annihilation-like process will soften dense central cusps of halos. The proposed model accumulates most of the attractive features of self-interacting and annihilating dark matter models, but does not suffer from their severe drawbacks. This model is natural; it does not require fine tuning.
description: 3 pages with 2 eps figures, aipproc.sty. To appear in Proceedings of the 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, Austin, Texas, 2000, edited by J. Craig Wheeler and Hugo Martel (American Institute of Physics)
Circular photogalvanic effect in Cu/Bi bilayers
Creators: name: Hirose, Hana
name: Ito, Naoto
name: Kawaguchi, Masashi
name: Lau, Yong-Chang
name: Hayashi, Masamitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in Cu/Bi bilayers. When a circularly polarized light in the visible range is irradiated to the bilayer from an oblique incidence, we find a photocurrent that depends on the helicity of light. Such photocurrent appears in a direction perpendicular to the light plane of incidence but is absent in the parallel configuration. The helicity dependent photocurrent is significantly reduced for a Bi single layer film and the effect is nearly absent for a Cu single layer film. Conventional interpretation of the CPGE suggests the existence of spin-momentum locked band(s) of a Rashba type in the Cu/Bi bilayer. In contrast to previous reports on the CPGE studied in other systems, however, the light energy used here to excite the carriers is much larger than the band gap of Bi. Moreover, the CPGE of the Cu/Bi bilayer is larger when the energy of the light is larger: the helicity dependent photocurrent excited with a blue light is nearly two times larger than that of a red light. We therefore consider the CPGE of the Cu/Bi bilayer may have a different origin compared to conventional systems.
Fermion loops, loop cancellation and density correlations in two dimensional Fermi systems
Creators: name: Neumayr, Arne
name: Metzner, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive explicit results for fermion loops with an arbitrary number of density vertices in two dimensions at zero temperature. The 3-loop is an elementary function of the three external momenta and frequencies, and the N-loop can be expressed as a linear combination of 3-loops with coefficients that are rational functions of momenta and frequencies. We show that the divergencies of single loops for low energy and small momenta cancel each other when loops with permuted external variables are summed. The symmetrized N-loop, i.e. the connected N-point density correlation function of the Fermi gas, does not diverge for low energies and small momenta. In the dynamical limit, where momenta scale to zero at fixed finite energy variables, the symmetrized N-loop vanishes as the (2N-2)-th power of the scale parameter.
description: 24 pages (including 3 EPS figures), LaTeX2e; submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Advancing Security Measures: A Comprehensive Study of Graphical Password Authentication Systems
Creators: name: Anamika Paswan, Vinod KT
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: As the digital environment continues to evolve, the need for strong security measures to protect sensitive data becomes even more important. Security vulnerabilities in traditional alphanumeric passwords have prompted researchers to explore new authentication methods. This research paper provides a comprehensive study of password authentication systems, analysis their progress, identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and provides insights for future improvements. This study includes detailed analysis of existing systems, investigation of their foundations and evaluation of their security features.
Delocalization of 2D Dirac Fermions: the Role of a Broken Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Ziegler, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of delocalization of two-dimensional Dirac fermions with random mass is investigated, using a superfield representation. Although localization effects are very strong, one fermion component can delocalize due to the spontaneous breaking of a special supersymmetry of the model. The delocalized fermion has a non-singular density of states and is decribed by a diffusion propagator. Supersymmetry is restored if the mean of the random mass is sufficiently large. This is accompanied by a critical boson component.
description: 4 pages
title: Zur Erinnerung an Otto Froebel
title: Geboren den 27. Dezember 1844. Gestorben den 28. August. 1906
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schröter, Carl
Publisher: name: Druckerei der Neuen Zürcher-Zeitung
Year: 1906
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Froebel, Otto

description: Sonderdruck aus: Neuen Zürcher-Zeitung, 1906
Standard and Non-Standard Aspects of Neutrino Physics
Creators: name: Granelli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review provides a succinct overview of the basic aspects of neutrino physics. The topics covered include: neutrinos in the standard model and the three-neutrino mixing scheme; the current status of neutrino oscillation measurements and what remains to be determined; the seesaw mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and the associated phenomenology, including the leptogenesis mechanism to explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe; models for the origin of the pattern of neutrino mixing and lepton masses based on discrete flavour symmetries and modular invariance.
A Jet Model With a Hard Electron Distribution for the Afterglow of GRB 000301c
Creators: name: Panaitescu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parameters of the GRB 000301c afterglow are determined within the usual framework of synchrotron emission from relativistic ejecta, through fits to the available radio-to-optical data. It is found that 1) the jet energy after the GRB phase is ~3x10^{50} erg, 2) the initial opening angle of the jet is ~13 deg, 3) the medium that decelerates the afterglow has a density ~25/cm^3, 4) the power-law distribution of the shock-energized electrons is hard, with an index around 1.5, and 5) the cooling frequency was located below the optical domain. Furthermore we find that the collimation of ejecta alone cannot explain the sharp, large magnitude break observed in the R-band emission of this afterglow at few days, and that a high energy break in the electron distribution, corresponding to an electron energy close to equipartition, together with the lateral spreading of the jet accommodate better this break. Microlensing by a star in an intervening galaxy produces only a flattening of the afterglow emission and cannot explain the mild brightening exhibited by the optical emission of 000301c at ~4 days.
description: to be published in the ApJ, v.556. Figures changed, one added. Other alterations are minor
title: Επεξεργασία και ανάλυση εικόνας μικροσκοπίας για τη μελέτη προκαρκινικών αλλοιώσεων τραχήλου της μήτρας
title: Image processing and analysis for the study of Cervical biopsy microscopy images
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Βάσιος, Ορέστης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ιστοπαθολογικές εικόνες
Ενδοεπιθηλιακή νεοπλασία τραχήλου μήτρας (CIN 1, 2, 3)
Επεξεργασία και ανάλυση ιατρικής εικόνας

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη και ανάπτυξη ενός συστήματος λήψης, επεξεργασίας και ανάλυσης ιστοπαθολογικών εικόνων μικροσκοπίας προ-καρκινικών αλλοιώσεων του τραχήλου της μήτρας χαμηλού (CIN 1) και υψηλού βαθμού επικινδυνότητας (CIN 2, CIN 3) και της στατιστική ανάλυσης των χαρακτηριστικών τους για την εύρεση πιθανών σημαντικών διαφορών μεταξύ των κατηγοριών των προκαρκινικών αλλοιώσεων. Για τις ανάγκες της εργασίας, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν είκοσι ένα (44) δείγματα ασθενών (βιοψίες), που διαγνώστηκαν με προ-καρκινικές αλλοιώσεις του τραχήλου της μήτρας. Η εξέταση των βιοψιών και η γνωμάτευση τους έγινε από έμπειρο ιστοπαθολόγο. Σύμφωνα με αυτόν , από τα συνολικά δείγματα, τα δέκα (22) διαγνώστηκαν ως χαμηλού βαθμού επικινδυνότητας (CIN 1) ενώ τα υπόλοιπα έντεκα (22) ως υψηλού βαθμού επικινδυνότητας (CIN 2, CIN 3). Σε πρώτη φάση, χρησιμοποιήσαμε δείγματα ιστού από βιοψία τράχηλου της μήτρας τα οποία είχαν επεξεργαστεί κατάλληλα από το προσωπικό του παθολογοανατομικού εργαστηρίου, εφαρμόζοντας σε αυτά χρώση H&E (Hematoxylin & Eosin) ούτως ώστε να είναι δυνατή η παρατήρηση τους μέσω του μικροσκοπίου. Έπειτα ακολούθησε η ψηφιοποίηση των δειγμάτων σε εικόνες οι οποίες προέρχονται από την περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος (ROI) που επισήμανε ο ιστοπαθολόγος κατά τη φάση της διάγνωσης. Ακολούθησε η κατάτμηση του τμήματος του πλακώδους επιθηλίου και των πυρήνων της εικόνας με αλγορίθμους τμηματοποίησης και κατωφλίωσης. Από το τμήμα του πλακώδους επιθηλίου και τους τμηματοποιημένους πυρήνες έγινε εξαγωγή δεκαεννέα (19) χαρακτηριστικών, εφτά (7) μορφολογικών και δώδεκα (12) χαρακτηριστικών υφής. Τα χαρακτηριστικά που εξάχθηκαν αποθηκεύτηκαν σε δυο πίνακες, έναν για κάθε κατηγορία επικινδυνότητας. Τα χαρακτηριστικά μιας εικόνας είναι η μέση τιμή των χαρακτηριστικών από τους πυρήνες που τμηματοποιήθηκαν και την περιοχή του πλακώδους επιθηλίου. Μεταξύ των δυο πινάκων πραγματοποιείται και μη παραμετρικός έλεγχος χρησιμοποιώντας το Wilcoxon μη παραμετρικό στατιστικό τεστ μεταξύ των τιμών για να διαπιστώσουμε αν οι τιμές είναι ανεξάρτητες και προέρχονται από την ίδια κατανομή.
Carrier dynamics in graphene: ultrafast many-particle phenomena
Creators: name: Malic, Ermin
name: Winzer, Torben
name: Wendler, Florian
name: Brem, Samuel
name: Jago, Roland
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Mittendorff, Martin
name: König-Otto, Jacob C.
name: Plötzing, Tobias
name: Neumaier, Daniel
name: Schneider, Harald
name: Helm, Manfred
name: Winnerl, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is an ideal material to study fundamental Coulomb- and phonon-induced carrier scattering processes. Its remarkable gapless and linear band structure opens up new carrier relaxation channels. In particular, Auger scattering bridging the valence and the conduction band changes the number of charge carriers and gives rise to a significant carrier multiplication - an ultrafast many-particle phenomenon that is promising for the design of highly efficient photodetectors. Furthermore, the vanishing density of states at the Dirac point combined with ultrafast phonon-induced intraband scattering results in an accumulation of carriers and a population inversion suggesting the design of graphene-based terahertz lasers. Here, we review our work on the ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene and Landau-quantized graphene is presented providing a microscopic view on the appearance of carrier multiplication and population inversion.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Trajectory Similarity Analysis with Weight of Direction and k-Neighborhood for AIS Data
Creators: name: Nie, Pin
name: Chen, Zhenjie
name: Xia, Nan
name: Huang, Qiuhao
name: Li, Feixue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Geography

description: Trajectory similarity analysis is a hot topic of geographic big data mining. As a typical trajectory data, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data has been widely used in many fields such as collision detection, navigation, and maritime traffic management. However, traditional methods of trajectory similarity analysis are of low robustness to noise, and lead to large errors when processing AIS trajectory data, which are often characterized by substantial differences in length or uneven trajectory points. Therefore, this study proposes a new AIS trajectory similarity analysis method that considers the directional relationship and neighborhood. This method quantifies the similarity between trajectories based on the degree of proximity and the degree of difference in motion directions. The experimental results of real data and simulated data show that the proposed method has better performance in terms of similarity analysis. Moreover, compared with traditional trajectory similarity analysis methods, i.e., the dynamic time warping method, edit distance on real sequence method, and longest common subsequence method, the proposed method can distinguish the similarities between trajectories in complex situations such as the opposite direction of motion, the large difference in length, and the uneven point distributions, as well as high robustness to noise.
Aging in K$_{1-x}$Li$_x$Ta0$_3$: a domain growth interpretation
Creators: name: Alberici-Kious, F.
name: Bouchaud, J. -P.
name: Cugliandolo, L. F
name: Doussineau, P.
name: Levelut, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aging behaviour of the a.c. susceptibility of randomly substituted K$_{1-x}$Li$_x$Ta0$_3$ crystals reveals marked differences with spin-glasses in that cooling rate effects are very important. The response to temperature steps (including temperature cycles) was carefully studied. A model based on thermally activated domain growth accounts for all the experimental results, provided one allows for a large distribution of pinning energies, in such a way that `slow' and `fast' domains coexist. Interesting similarities with deeply supercooled liquids are underlined.
description: 4 pages. Preprint LPTENS/9820, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Combining temporal 3-D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors
Creators: van Veen, Megan
Hutchinson, D. Jean
Bonneau, David A.
Sala, Zac
Ondercin, Matthew
Lato, Matt
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2018

Remote sensing techniques can be used to gain a more detailed understanding of hazardous rock slopes along railway corridors that would otherwise be inaccessible. Multiple datasets can be used to identify changes over time, creating an inventory of events to produce magnitude–frequency relationships for rockfalls sourced on the slope. This study presents a method for using the remotely sensed data to develop inputs to rockfall simulations, including rockfall source locations and slope material parameters, which can be used to determine the likelihood of a rockfall impacting the railway tracks given its source zone location and volume. The results of the simulations can be related to the rockfall inventory to develop modified magnitude–frequency curves presenting a more realistic estimate of the hazard. These methods were developed using the RockyFor3D software and lidar and photogrammetry data collected over several years at White Canyon, British Columbia, Canada, where the Canadian National (CN) Rail main line runs along the base of the slope. Rockfalls sourced closer to the tracks were more likely to be deposited on the track or in the ditch, and of these, rockfalls between 0.1 and 10 m3 were the most likely to be deposited. Smaller blocks did not travel far enough to reach the bottom of the slope and larger blocks were deposited past the tracks. Applying the results of the simulations to a database of over 2000 rockfall events, a modified magnitude–frequency can be created, allowing the frequency of rockfalls deposited on the railway tracks or in ditches to be determined. Suggestions are made for future development of the methods including refinement of input parameters and extension to other modelling packages.
Cell pelotons: a model of early evolutionary cell sorting, with application to slime mold D. discoideum
Creators: name: Trenchard, Hugh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A theoretical model is presented for early evolutionary cell sorting within cellular aggregates. The model involves an energy-saving mechanism and principles of collective self-organization analogous to those observed in bicycle pelotons (groups of cyclists). The theoretical framework is applied to slime-mold slugs (Dictyostelium discoideum) and incorporated into a computer simulation which demonstrates principally the sorting of cells between the anterior and posterior slug regions. The simulation relies on an existing simulation of bicycle peloton dynamics which is modified to incorporate a limited range of cell metabolic capacities among heterogeneous cells, along with a tunable energy-expenditure parameter, referred to as an 'output-level' or 'starvation-level' to reflect diminishing energetic supply, proto-cellular dynamics are modelled for three output phases: 'active', 'suffering', and 'dying or dead.' Adjusting the starvation parameter causes cell differentiation and sorting into sub-groups within the cellular aggregate. Tuning of the starvation parameter demonstrates how weak or expired cells shuffle backward within the cellular aggregate.
description: 41 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix, accepted manuscript in press
Evolution and Efficiency in Neural Architecture Search: Bridging the Gap Between Expert Design and Automated Optimization
Creators: name: Meng, Fanfei
name: Wang, Chen-Ao
name: Zhang, Lele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper provides a comprehensive overview of Neural Architecture Search (NAS), emphasizing its evolution from manual design to automated, computationally-driven approaches. It covers the inception and growth of NAS, highlighting its application across various domains, including medical imaging and natural language processing. The document details the shift from expert-driven design to algorithm-driven processes, exploring initial methodologies like reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithms. It also discusses the challenges of computational demands and the emergence of efficient NAS methodologies, such as Differentiable Architecture Search and hardware-aware NAS. The paper further elaborates on NAS's application in computer vision, NLP, and beyond, demonstrating its versatility and potential for optimizing neural network architectures across different tasks. Future directions and challenges, including computational efficiency and the integration with emerging AI domains, are addressed, showcasing NAS's dynamic nature and its continued evolution towards more sophisticated and efficient architecture search methods.
description: 7 Pages, Double Column
Cu-63 NQR Measurement of Stripe Order Parameter in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4)
Creators: name: Hunt, A. W.
name: Singer, P. M.
name: Thurber, K. R.
name: Imai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that one can measure the charge-stripe order parameter in the hole-doped CuO(2) planes of La(1.875)Ba(0.125)CuO(4), La(1.48)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) and La(1.68)Eu(0.2)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) utilizing the wipeout effects of Cu-63 NQR. Application of the same approach to La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4) reveals the presence of similar stripe order for the entire underdoped superconducting regime 1/16 < x < 1/8.
description: 4 pages in RevTex, 3 figures in postscript. Minor changes have been made to increase readability. This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
S-type Negative Differential Resistance in Semiconducting Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Wang, Miao
name: Wang, Chengyu
name: Wu, Chenchen
name: Li, Qiao
name: Pan, Chen
name: Wang, Cong
name: Liang, Shi-Jun
name: Miao, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-controlled (also known as "S-type") negative differential resistance (NDR) is of crucial importance to many emerging applications including neuromorphic computing and high-density memristors integration. However, the experimental realization of S-type NDR based on conventional mechanisms poses demanding requirements on materials, which greatly limits their potential applications. Here, we experimentally identify that semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can host a bipolar S-type NDR devices. Theoretical simulations indicate that the origin of the NDR in these devices arises from a thermal feedback mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential applications of TMDs based S-type NDR device in signal processing and neuromorphic electronics.
description: To be appear in Advanced Electronic Materials, 9 pages 4 figures
MOESM10 of Utility of 5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial activity
Creators: name: Abdelhamid, Abdou
name: Sayed, Ibrahim El
name: Zaki, Yasser
name: Hussein, Ahmed
name: Mangoud Mangoud
name: Hosny, Mona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S10. 1H NMR, Mass and IR spectra of compound (11a).
MOESM2 of Less biomass and intracellular glutamate in anodic biofilms lead to efficient electricity generation by microbial fuel cells
Creators: name: Sasaki, Daisuke
name: Sasaki, Kengo
name: Yota Tsuge
name: Kondo, Akihiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Species-level composition of archaea and bacteria in the anodic biofilm (Anode) and fermentation broth (Broth) of MFC-1â ˛ and MFC-2â ˛.
Decentralized Computation Offloading for Multi-User Mobile Edge Computing: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Creators: name: Chen, Zhao
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mobile edge computing (MEC) emerges recently as a promising solution to relieve resource-limited mobile devices from computation-intensive tasks, which enables devices to offload workloads to nearby MEC servers and improve the quality of computation experience. Nevertheless, by considering a MEC system consisting of multiple mobile users with stochastic task arrivals and wireless channels in this paper, the design of computation offloading policies is challenging to minimize the long-term average computation cost in terms of power consumption and buffering delay. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based decentralized dynamic computation offloading strategy is investigated to build a scalable MEC system with limited feedback. Specifically, a continuous action space-based DRL approach named deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is adopted to learn efficient computation offloading policies independently at each mobile user. Thus, powers of both local execution and task offloading can be adaptively allocated by the learned policies from each user's local observation of the MEC system. Numerical results are illustrated to demonstrate that efficient policies can be learned at each user, and performance of the proposed DDPG based decentralized strategy outperforms the conventional deep Q-network (DQN) based discrete power control strategy and some other greedy strategies with reduced computation cost. Besides, the power-delay tradeoff is also analyzed for both the DDPG based and DQN based strategies.
MOESM3 of Less biomass and intracellular glutamate in anodic biofilms lead to efficient electricity generation by microbial fuel cells
Creators: name: Sasaki, Daisuke
name: Sasaki, Kengo
name: Yota Tsuge
name: Kondo, Akihiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Intracellular concentrations of metabolites related to the TCA cycle in microbial cells growing on the MFC anode (MFC-1â ˛-Anode, black bars; MFC-2â ˛-Anode, white bars).
Quantum Cloud Computing: A Review of Enhancing Generative Capabilities
Creators: name: Dr.S.Manju, R.Sankara Rameswaran, N.Vignesh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Quantum cloud computing will bring a change to the mind map of classical computing systems by allowingquantum resources to be accessed dynamically from a platform based on cloud. This new integrated platformof quantum cloud computing enhances certain generative AI, optimization, and security applications whichoffer significant improvements in machine learning, cryptographic security, and various sorts of complexproblem solving. The integration of quantum computing and cloud technology has the power torevolutionize industries including finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity, while also impacting the future ofartificial intelligence and big data processing. This paper offers a review of the modern approach in quantumcloud computing which presents recent advancements about existing frameworks, key challenges, and futureresearch directions that lie ahead in this rapidly evolving area.
The Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Kosowsky, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This set of lectures provides an overview of the basic theory and phenomenology of the cosmic microwave background. Topics include a brief historical review; the physics of temperature and polarization fluctuations; acoustic oscillations of the primordial plasma; the space of inflationary cosmological models; current and potential constraints on these models from the microwave background; and constraints on inflation.
description: 52 pages. Lectures given at the Italian Society of Gravitational Physics summer school in Como, Italy, May 2000
Benchmarking Image Transformers for Prostate Cancer Detection from Ultrasound Data
Creators: name: Harmanani, Mohamed
name: Wilson, Paul F. R.
name: Fooladgar, Fahimeh
name: Jamzad, Amoon
name: Gilany, Mahdi
name: To, Minh Nguyen Nhat
name: Wodlinger, Brian
name: Abolmaesumi, Purang
name: Mousavi, Parvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: PURPOSE: Deep learning methods for classifying prostate cancer (PCa) in ultrasound images typically employ convolutional networks (CNNs) to detect cancer in small regions of interest (ROI) along a needle trace region. However, this approach suffers from weak labelling, since the ground-truth histopathology labels do not describe the properties of individual ROIs. Recently, multi-scale approaches have sought to mitigate this issue by combining the context awareness of transformers with a CNN feature extractor to detect cancer from multiple ROIs using multiple-instance learning (MIL). In this work, we present a detailed study of several image transformer architectures for both ROI-scale and multi-scale classification, and a comparison of the performance of CNNs and transformers for ultrasound-based prostate cancer classification. We also design a novel multi-objective learning strategy that combines both ROI and core predictions to further mitigate label noise. METHODS: We evaluate 3 image transformers on ROI-scale cancer classification, then use the strongest model to tune a multi-scale classifier with MIL. We train our MIL models using our novel multi-objective learning strategy and compare our results to existing baselines. RESULTS: We find that for both ROI-scale and multi-scale PCa detection, image transformer backbones lag behind their CNN counterparts. This deficit in performance is even more noticeable for larger models. When using multi-objective learning, we can improve performance of MIL, with a 77.9% AUROC, a sensitivity of 75.9%, and a specificity of 66.3%. CONCLUSION: Convolutional networks are better suited for modelling sparse datasets of prostate ultrasounds, producing more robust features than transformers in PCa detection. Multi-scale methods remain the best architecture for this task, with multi-objective learning presenting an effective way to improve performance.
description: early draft, 7 pages; Accepted to SPIE Medical Imaging 2024
Thiotricha hexanesa Meyrick 1929
Creators: name: Lee, Ga-Eun
name: Li, Houhun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Thiotricha
Thiotricha hexanesa

description: Thiotricha hexanesa Meyrick, 1929
(Figs 21G, 27T, 45D, 67C, D, 74B)
 Thiotricha hexanesa Meyrick, 1929: 500; Clarke, 1969: 460; Ivinskis et al., 1984: 39. TL: Sri Lanka (Ceylon). TD: NHMUK. Thiotricha hexanessa: Gaede, 1937: 305. Misspelling.
 Type material (Figs 67C, D, 74B). Holotype ♂, CEYLON, Maskeliya, vi.1907, leg. J. Pole, genitalia slide no. J. F.G.C. 8362 (NHMUK).
 Additional material examined. CHINA: Hainan Province: 1 ♂, Jianfengling Nature Reserves (18.44°N, 108.52°E), 770 m, Ledong County, 31.v.2015, leg. Peixin Cong, Wei Guan and Sha Hu, genitalia slide no. CMT16346; 2 ♂♂, Tianchi (18.73°N, 108.87°E), 787 m, Jianfengling, 13, 15.vii.2015, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Li and Mengting Chen, genitalia slide nos. NKLGE014, LGE16240.
 Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 21G). Wingspan 10.0 mm. Superficially, T. hexanesa is somewhat similar to the members of the subocellea -group as it has a greyish forewing sprinkled with dark fuscous or black scales. However, T. hexanesa is different not only from the subocellea -group but also from most of the congeneric species as it does not have an apical spot and dark apical ciliation. This species is distinguished from other species by the forewing with distinct six black spots situated from near base to distal 1/4 and the smaller black spots scattered along the costa and the dorsum in distal half of the wing. The male genitalia are diagnosed by the broad tongue-shaped uncus, the uniform and straight valva and the elliptical anellus lobe bearing two long bristles, one at apex and the other near apex.
 Distribution. China (Hainan), Sri Lanka.
 Remarks. This species is recorded from China for the first time.
description: Published as part of Lee, Ga-Eun & Li, Houhun, 2024, A taxonomic review of Thiotricha Meyrick, 1886 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of 84 new species, pp. 1-222 in Zootaxa 5449 (1) on pages 153-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11233121