cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dominance Effects of Deleterious and Beneficial Mutations in a Single Gene of the RNA Virus ϕ6
Creators: name: Joseph, Sarah B.
name: Burch, Christina L.
name: Peck, Kayla M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Most of our knowledge of dominance stems from studies of deleterious mutations. From these studies we know that most deleterious mutations are recessive, and that this recessivity arises from a hyperbolic relationship between protein function (i.e., protein concentration or activity) and fitness. Here we investigate whether this knowledge can be used to make predictions about the dominance of beneficial and deleterious mutations in a single gene. We employed a model system – the bacteriophage φ6 – that allowed us to generate a collection of mutations in haploid conditions so that it was not biased toward either dominant beneficial or recessive deleterious mutations. Screening for the ability to infect a bacterial host that does not permit infection by the wildtype φ6, we generated a collection of mutations in P3, a gene involved in attachment to the host and in phage particle assembly. The resulting collection contained mutations with both deleterious and beneficial effects on fitness. The deleterious mutations in our collection had additive effects on fitness and the beneficial mutations were recessive. Neither of these observations were predicted from previous studies of dominance. This pattern is not consistent with the hyperbolic (diminishing returns) relationship between protein function and fitness that is characteristic of enzymatic genes, but could have resulted from a curve of increasing returns.
Echocardiographic Measures of Cardiac Structure and Function Are Associated with Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Blacks: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Konety, Suma
name: Fox, Ervin R.
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Loehr, Laura R.
name: Bekwelem, Wobo
name: Lopez, Faye L.
name: Misialek, Jeffrey R.
name: Mosley, Thomas H.
name: Solomon, Scott D.
name: Soliman, Elsayed Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundSeveral studies have examined the link between atrial fibrillation (AF) and various echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in whites and other racial groups but not in blacks. Exploring AF risk factors in blacks is important given that the lower incidence of AF in this racial group despite higher risk factors, is not completely explained.MethodsWe examined the association of echocardiographic measures with AF incidence in 2283 blacks (64.5% women, mean age 58.8 years) free of diagnosed AF and enrolled in the Jackson cohort of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a prospective study of cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography was performed in 1993–1995, and incident AF was determined by electrocardiograms at a follow-up study exam, hospitalization discharge codes and death certificates through the end of 2009. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AF associated with the echocardiographic measures, adjusting for age, sex, and known AF risk factors.ResultsDuring an average follow-up of 13.5 years, 191 (8.4%) individuals developed AF. Left ventricular (LV) internal diameter 2-D (diastole) and percent fractional shortening of LV diameter displayed a U-shaped relationship with risk of AF, while left atrial diameter displayed a J-shaped nonlinear association. LV mass index was associated positively with AF. E/A ratio <0.7 or >1.5 and ejection fraction (EF <50%) were also associated with higher AF risk. These measures improved risk stratification for AF in addition to traditional risk factors, although not significantly {C-statistic of 0.767 (0.714–0.819) vs. 0.744 (0.691–0.797)}.ConclusionsIn a community-based population of blacks, echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function are significantly associated with an increased risk of AF.
An improvement on the Delsarte-type LP-bound with application to MUBs
Creators: name: Matolcsi, M.
name: Weiner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B10, 15A30

description: The linear programming (LP) bound of Delsarte can be applied to several problems in various branches of mathematics. We describe a general Fourier analytic method to get a slight improvement on this bound. We then apply our method to the problem of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) to prove that the Fourier family $F(a,b)$ in dimension 6 cannot be extended to a full system of MUBs.
description: 10 pages
Effect of Treatment with Interferon Beta-1a on Changes in Voxel-Wise Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Normal Appearing Brain Tissue and Lesions of Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A 24-Week, Controlled Pilot Study
Creators: name: Durfee, Jacqueline
name: Kennedy, Cheryl
name: Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca
name: Dangond, Fernando
name: Dwyer, Michael G.
name: Zivadinov, Robert
name: Hojnacki, David
name: Bergsland, Niels
name: Hayward, Brooke
name: Markovic-Plese, Silva
name: Ramasamy, Deepa P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundThis pilot study investigated changes in remyelinating and demyelinating activity in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) and lesions, by using voxel-wise magnetization transfer ratio (VW-MTR), in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) receiving interferon beta-1a 44 mcg subcutaneously (IFN β-1a SC) three times weekly versus healthy controls (HCs) (NCT01085318).MethodsIncreasing (suggestive of remyelination) and decreasing (suggestive of demyelination) VW-MTR changes in NABT and in T2, T1 and gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesion volume were measured over 24 weeks in 23 patients treated with IFN β-1a SC and in 15 HCs (where applicable). VW-MTR changes were tested using the Wilcoxon signed–rank or Wilcoxon rank–sum test.ResultsA trend for greater volume of NABT with increasing VW-MTR at 24 weeks was observed for patients versus HCs (median [range] 1206 [0–15278]; 342 [0–951] mm3; p = 0.061). NABT volume with increasing VW-MTR at 12 weeks was significantly greater in patients than in HCs (852 [6–11577]; 360 [0–1755] mm3; p = 0.028). Similar findings were detected for lesion volumes. Two patients with notably high numbers of Gd-enhancing lesions at baseline had a markedly greater volume of tissue with increasing VW-MTR compared with other patients. Volume of NABT tissue with decreasing VW-MTR was significantly greater in patients versus HCs at 24 weeks (942 [0–6141]; 297 [0–852] mm3; p<0.001).ConclusionsThe significant change in NABT volume with increasing VW-MTR at 12 weeks suggests that active remyelination in patients with RRMS may occur during treatment with IFN β-1a SC. Findings from two patients with the highest number of Gd-enhancing lesions at baseline suggest that extensive remyelination in NABT may occur in patients with high disease activity. Tissue volume with decreasing VW-MTR was greater in patients than in HCs, despite treatment, validating the sensitivity of this technique for detecting MS disease activity.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01085318.
Effectiveness of Educational Poster on Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma - Part 2: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Secondary School Students
Creators: name: Cheung, Lim K.
name: Wong, Kin Yau
name: Young, Cecilia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of educational poster on improving secondary school students' knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. 16 schools with total 671 secondary students who can read Chinese or English were randomised into intervention (poster, 8 schools, 364 students) and control groups (8 schools, 305 students) at the school level. Baseline knowledge of dental trauma was obtained by a questionnaire. Poster containing information of dental trauma management was displayed in a classroom for 2 weeks in each school in the intervention group whereas in the control group there was no display of such posters. Students of both groups completed the same questionnarie after 2 weeks.ResultsTwo-week display of posters improved the knowledge score by 1.25 (p-value = 0.0407) on average.ConclusionEducational poster on dental trauma management significantly improved the level of knowledge of secondary school students in Hong Kong.Trial RegistrationHKClinicalTrial.com HKCTR-1343ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01809457
Supplementary Materials from Assessing the effectiveness of online emotion recognition training in healthy volunteers
Creators: name: Reed, Zoe E.
name: Suddell, Steph
name: Eastwood, Andy
name: Thomas, Lilian
name: Dwyer, Imogen
name: Penton-Voak, Ian S.
name: Jarrold, Christopher
name: Munafò, Marcus R.
name: Attwood, Angela S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This contains all supplementary sections, figures and tables
Localized versus itinerant states created by multiple oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3
Creators: name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Shen, Juan
name: Valenti, Roser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oxygen vacancies in strontium titanate surfaces (SrTiO3) have been linked to the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas with unique behavior. We perform a detailed density functional theory study of the lattice and electronic structure of SrTiO3 slabs with multiple oxygen vacancies, with a main focus on two vacancies near a titanium dioxide terminated SrTiO3 surface. We conclude based on total energies that the two vacancies preferably inhabit the first two layers, i.e. they cluster vertically, while in the direction parallel to the surface, the vacancies show a weak tendency towards equal spacing. Analysis of the nonmagnetic electronic structure indicates that oxygen defects in the surface TiO2 layer lead to population of Ti t2g states and thus itinerancy of the electrons donated by the oxygen vacancy. In contrast, electrons from subsurface oxygen vacancies populate Ti eg states and remain localized on the two Ti ions neighboring the vacancy. We find that both, the formation of a bound oxygen-vacancy state composed of hybridized Ti 3eg and 4p states neighboring the oxygen vacancy as well as the elastic deformation after extracting oxygen contribute to the stabilization of the in-gap state.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Research Data Management (RDM): Discipline-specific Train-the-Trainer Workshop for Psychology
Creators: name: Paßmann, Sven
name: Söring, Sibylle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Research Data Management
subject: FDNext
subject: Train the Trainer Workshop
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Poster in the context of the Research Data Day on 27.10.2022 at the Freie Universität Berlin, organised by the Reseach Data Management Team at the University Library of the Freie Universität Berlin. The poster presents details and timeline of the work package 5 of the DFG-funded project "FDNext", which is dedicated to the conception and implementation of a train-the-trainer workshop on research data management for psychologists and the subsequent publication of its concept and accompanying materials for free re-use.
description: Funded by German Research Foundation (DFG), Project Number: 429828830
Effects of Nutrients, Temperature and Their Interactions on Spring Phytoplankton Community Succession in Lake Taihu, China
Creators: name: Deng, Jianming
name: Zhang, Yunlin
name: Wu, Pan
name: Ma, Jianrong
name: Paerl, Hans W.
name: Qin, Boqiang
name: Chen, Yuwei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We examined the potential effects of environmental variables, and their interaction, on phytoplankton community succession in spring using long-term data from 1992 to 2012 in Lake Taihu, China. Laboratory experiments were additionally performed to test the sensitivity of the phytoplankton community to nutrient concentrations and temperature. A phytoplankton community structure analysis from 1992 to 2012 showed that Cryptomonas (Cryptophyta) was the dominant genus in spring during the early 1990s. Dominance then shifted to Ulothrix (Chlorophyta) in 1996 and 1997. However, Cryptomonas again dominated in 1999, 2000, and 2002, with Ulothrix regaining dominance from 2003 to 2006. The bloom-forming cyanobacterial genus Microcystis dominated in 1995, 2001 and 2007–2012. The results of ordinations indicated that the nutrient concentration (as indicated by the trophic state index) was the most important factor affecting phytoplankton community succession during the past two decades. In the laboratory experiments, shifts in dominance among phytoplankton taxa occurred in all nutrient addition treatments. Results of both long term monitoring and experiment indicated that nutrients exert a stronger control than water temperature on phytoplankton communities during spring. Interactive effect of nutrients and water temperature was the next principal factor. Overall, phytoplankton community composition was mediated by nutrients concentrations, but this effect was strongly enhanced by elevated water temperatures.
The statistics of a passive scalar in field-guided magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Mason, Joanne
name: Boldyrev, Stanislav
name: Cattaneo, Fausto
name: Perez, Jean Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of studies of magnetised plasma turbulence invoke theories for the advection of a passive scalar by turbulent fluctuations. Examples include modelling the electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium, understanding the chemical composition of galaxy clusters and the intergalactic medium, and testing the prevailing phenomenological theories of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. While passive scalar turbulence has been extensively studied in the hydrodynamic case, its counterpart in MHD turbulence is significantly less well understood. Herein we conduct a series of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of incompressible, field-guided, MHD turbulence in order to establish the fundamental properties of passive scalar evolution. We study the scalar anisotropy, establish the scaling relation analogous to Yaglom's law, and measure the intermittency of the passive scalar statistics. We also assess to what extent the pseudo Alfven fluctuations in strong MHD turbulence can be modelled as a passive scalar. The results suggest that the dynamics of a passive scalar in MHD turbulence is considerably more complicated than in the hydrodynamic case.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics
Effects of Vitamin D on Airway Epithelial Cell Morphology and Rhinovirus Replication
Creators: name: Brockman-Schneider, Rebecca A.
name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Gern, James E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Vitamin D has been linked to reduced risk of viral respiratory illness. We hypothesized that vitamin D could directly reduce rhinovirus (RV) replication in airway epithelium. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (hBEC) were treated with vitamin D, and RV replication and gene expression were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Cytokine/chemokine secretion was measured by ELISA, and transepithelial resistance (TER) was determined using a voltohmmeter. Morphology was examined using immunohistochemistry. Vitamin D supplementation had no significant effects on RV replication, but potentiated secretion of CXCL8 and CXCL10 from infected or uninfected cells. Treatment with vitamin D in the form of 1,25(OH)2D caused significant changes in cell morphology, including thickening of the cell layers (median of 46.5 µm [35.0–69.0] vs. 30 µm [24.5–34.2], p<0.01) and proliferation of cytokeratin-5-expressing cells, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis. Similar effects were seen for 25(OH)D. In addition to altering morphology, higher concentrations of vitamin D significantly upregulated small proline-rich protein (SPRR1β) expression (6.3 fold-induction, p<0.01), suggestive of squamous metaplasia. Vitamin D treatment of hBECs did not alter repair of mechanically induced wounds. Collectively, these findings indicate that vitamin D does not directly affect RV replication in airway epithelial cells, but can influence chemokine synthesis and alters the growth and differentiation of airway epithelial cells.
Efficacy of Enhanced HIV Counseling for Risk Reduction during Pregnancy and in the Postpartum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Kagee, Ashraf
name: Groves, Allison K.
name: Moodley, Prashini
name: McNaughton-Reyes, Heathe Luz
name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: IntroductionPregnancy and the postpartum period present important intervention opportunities. Counseling can leverage the motivation women have during this time to change behaviors that may negatively affect their health and the heath of their infants.MethodsPregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in South Africa were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 733) and control arms (n = 747). Treatment arm participants received enhanced HIV pre- and post-test counseling, legal support and access to support groups at baseline, which occurred at the first antenatal visit, and then six and ten weeks postpartum. Control arm participants received standard HIV testing and counseling (HTC) and two postpartum attention control sessions. Outcomes were incidence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) by 14 weeks postpartum and past 30-day inconsistent condom use at 14 weeks and 9 months postpartum.ResultsThere were no intervention effects on incident STIs for either HIV-negative (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.71–1.44) or HIV-positive participants (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.61–1.23). The intervention was associated with a 28% decrease in risk of past 30-day inconsistent condom use at nine-months among HIV-negative women (aRR 0.72,95% CI 0.59–0.88), but did not affect inconsistent condom use among HIV-positive women (aRR1.08; 95% CI 0.67–1.75).DiscussionAn enhanced counseling intervention during pregnancy and the postpartum period can lead to reductions in inconsistent condom use among HIV-negative women. Results underscore the importance of the counseling that accompanies HIV HTC. More work is needed to understand how to promote and sustain risk reduction among HIV-positive women.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01683461
Efficacy of Two versus Three-Day Regimens of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Uncomplicated Malaria in Military Personnel in Northern Cambodia: An Open-Label Randomized Trial
Creators: name: Saunders, David
name: Chuor, Char Meng
name: Spring, Michele
name: Nou, Samon
name: Kuntawunginn, Worachet
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Satharath, Prom
name: So, Mary
name: Vanachayangkul, Pattaraporn
name: Tyner, Stuart D.
name: Lin, Jessica
name: Sea, Darapiseth
name: Se, Youry
name: Walsh, Douglas S.
name: Chann, Soklyda
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Manning, Jessica E.
name: Bethell, Delia
name: Sriwichai, Sabaithip
name: Kaewkungwal, Jaranit
name: Lanteri, Charlotte
name: Tang, Douglas
name: Gosi, Panita
name: Chaorattanakawee, Suwanna
name: Buathong, Nillawan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Emerging antimalarial drug resistance in mobile populations remains a significant public health concern. We compared two regimens of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in military and civilians on the Thai-Cambodian border to evaluate national treatment policy.
FACTOR OF INFLUENCE OF HYGIENIC HEALTH-IMPROVING TECHNOLOGIES IN ENSURING YOUTH HEALTH
Creators: name: Rasulova, Nilufar
name: Usmonova, Adibakhon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maintaining the health of the younger generation, including student youth, has been and remains one of the most important social problems of society. The main task of student youth is to replenish the number of qualified members of society. It is obvious that training highly qualified specialists is possible only when they have good mental and somatic health. Students are especially susceptible to the impact of negative environmental factors, since entering a university places a young person in new living conditions to which they must adapt. In addition, the learning process is accompanied by high emotional and mental stress.
Crocodilus humilis
Creators: name: Leidy, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1860
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Crocodilia
Crocodylidae
Crocodilus
Crocodilus humilis

description: Crocodilus humilis. With the remains of Trachodon and Deinodon, Dr. Hayden discovered half a dozen teeth, apparently of a small species of Crocodile, though they may probably belong to an acrodont lacertian reptile. Five of the teeth, (figures 9— 17, plate 11,) are conical and moderately curved; and on their inner part, in front and behind, they present the usual pair of acute ridges. About the middle of the crown, their enamelled surface is slightly folded, especially on the inner side of the teeth. They are solid, except that a small conical cavity occupies the centre of their base. The latter is slightly concave and eroded in appearance; the borders only being broken, indicating that the teeth were about to be shed or actually were so, although most of them appear unworn. One of the specimens of teeth, (figures 18, 19,) is mammilliform, slightly compressed, and finely rugous in the length of the crown. It is likewise solid, and has the base presenting the same appearance as the other specimens Explanation of Figures, Plate 11. . Figures 9—19. Teeth of Crocodilus humilis, of the size of Nature. Figures 9, 10. Inner and lateral views of a conical tooth. Figure 11. Section of the same at base. Figures 12, 13. Inner and lateral views of another conical tooth. Figure 14. Section at base. Figures 15, 16, 17. Inner, lateral, and sectional views of a third tooth. Figures 18,19. Outer and lateral views of a mammilliform tooth.
description: Published as part of Leidy, J., 1860, Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska., pp. 139-154 in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 11 on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1064078
Exotic Kondo crossover in a wide temperature region in the topological Kondo insulator SmB6 revealed by high-resolution ARPES
Creators: name: Xu, N.
name: Matt, C. E.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
name: Shi, X.
name: Dhaka, R. S.
name: Plumb, N. C.
name: Radovic, M.
name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Evtushinsky, D.
name: Zabolotnyy, V.
name: Dil, J. H.
name: Conder, K.
name: Mesot, J.
name: Ding, H.
name: Shi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature dependence of the electronic structure of SmB6 is studied by high-resolution ARPES down to 1 K. We demonstrate that there is no essential difference for the dispersions of the surface states below and above the resistivity saturating anomaly (~ 3.5 K). Quantitative analyses of the surface states indicate that the quasi-particle scattering rate increases linearly as a function of temperature and binding energy, which differs from Fermi-Liquid behavior. Most intriguingly, we observe that the hybridization between the d and f states builds gradually over a wide temperature region (30 K < T < 110 K). The surface states appear when the hybridization starts to develop. Our detailed temperature-dependence results give a complete interpretation of the exotic resistivity result of SmB6, as well as the discrepancies among experimental results concerning the temperature regions in which the topological surface states emerge and the Kondo gap opens, and give new insights into the exotic Kondo crossover and its relationship with the topological surface states in the topological Kondo insulator SmB6.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ml=5.7 OLTENIA (GORJ, ROMANIA) EARTHQUAKE ON FEB. 14, 2023 - INCD URBAN-INCERC (in Romanian)
Creators: name: Dragomir, Claudiu-Sorin
name: Craifaleanu, Iolanda-Gabriela
name: Georgescu, Emil-Sever
name: Dobre, Daniela
name: Anciu, Ionut-Eugen
name: Frunteanu, Alexandru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Earthquake, Gorj, Oltenia, earthquake report, seismic data

description: PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ml=5.7 OLTENIA (GORJ, ROMANIA) EARTHQUAKE ON FEB. 14, 2023 (in Romanian) First published at: https://incd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Raport-cutremur-14.02.2023_v20.02.2023.pdf Original title: "Raport preliminar privind cutremurul din Oltenia (Gorj) produs in data de 14.02.2023 pe baza inregistrarilor Retelei Nationale Seismice pentru Constructii din cadrul Retelei Nationale pentru Monitorizarea si Protectia Seismica a Patrimoniului Construit din INCD URBAN-INCERC" Distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/)
description: Distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/)
Optimization of the Multigrid-Convergence Rate on Semi-structured Meshes by Local Fourier Analysis
Creators: name: Gmeiner, B.
name: Gradl, T.
name: Gaspar, F.
name: Rüde, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper a local Fourier analysis for multigrid methods on tetrahedral grids is presented. Different smoothers for the discretization of the Laplace operator by linear finite elements on such grids are analyzed. A four-color smoother is presented as an efficient choice for regular tetrahedral grids, whereas line and plane relaxations are needed for poorly shaped tetrahedra. A novel partitioning of the Fourier space is proposed to analyze the four-color smoother. Numerical test calculations validate the theoretical predictions. A multigrid method is constructed in a block-wise form, by using different smoothers and different numbers of pre- and post-smoothing steps in each tetrahedron of the coarsest grid of the domain. Some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this multigrid algorithm.
Electronic Medical Record Cancer Incidence over Six Years Comparing New Users of Glargine with New Users of NPH Insulin
Creators: name: Meigs, James B.
name: Lim, Soo
name: Yelibi, Carine
name: Stember, Katherine G.
name: Stürmer, Til
name: He, Wei
name: Bianca, Porneala C.
name: Buse, John B.
name: Marquis, Alison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundRecent studies suggested that insulin glargine use could be associated with increased risk of cancer. We compared the incidence of cancer in new users of glargine versus new users of NPH in a longitudinal clinical cohort with diabetes for up to 6 years.Methods and FindingsFrom all patients who had been regularly followed at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1/01/2005 to 12/31/2010, 3,680 patients who had a medication record for glargine or NPH usage were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR). From those we selected 539 new glargine users (age: 60.1±13.6 years, BMI: 32.7±7.5 kg/m2) and 343 new NPH users (61.5±14.1 years, 32.7±8.3 kg/m2) who had no prevalent cancer during 19 months prior to glargine or NPH initiation. All incident cancer cases were ascertained from the EMR requiring at least 2 ICD-9 codes within a 2 month period. Insulin exposure time and cumulative dose were validated. The statistical analysis compared the rates of cancer in new glargine vs. new NPH users while on treatment, adjusted for the propensity to receive one or the other insulin. There were 26 and 28 new cancer cases in new glargine and new NPH users for 1559 and 1126 person-years follow-up, respectively. There were no differences in the propensity-adjusted clinical characteristics between groups. The adjusted hazard ratio for the cancer incidence comparing glargine vs. NPH use was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.36–1.19).ConclusionsInsulin glargine is not associated with development of cancers when compared with NPH in this longitudinal and carefully retrieved EMR data.
Spectroscopy and asteroseismic modelling of the red giant binary system KIC 10841730
Creators: name: Schimak, Lea
name: Bedding, Timothy R.
name: Crawford, Courtney
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Beck, Paul G.
name: Grossmann, Desmond
name: Li, Yaguang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Stellar modelling is crucial for understanding the structure and age of stars. The accuracy of a stellar model is limited by the constraints from observations and the theory behind the physical processes. Gravitationally bound stars of a binary system provide an excellent opportunity for a combined study, which provides strong constraints on the stellar models. Due to their shared origin, both stars share the same age and initial chemical composition. Combined with spectroscopy and radial-velocity measurements it is additionally possible to determine the mass ratio. Such a binary system is particularly promising if both stars are oscillating. The detected oscillation modes give valuable insights into the internal structure and evolutionary state of the stars and complement a detailed modelling analysis. KIC 10841730 is a great example of such ideal conditions. The binary system consists of a helium-burning red-giant clump star and a red-giant branch star. Both stars are oscillating and were observed with high-resolution spectrographs. We use this wealth of information to test parameters like the mixing length, mass loss and different methods to account for surface effects and demonstrate the high potential of such systems to study ill-constrained effects in the red-giant phase of evolution.
Forerunning mode transition in a continuous waveguide
Creators: name: Slepyan, Leonid
name: Ayzenberg-Stepanenko, Mark
name: Mishuris, Gennady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74R10, 74R15, 74H65, 74J25, 74J30

description: We have discovered a new, forerunning mode transition as the periodic transition wave propagating in a uniform continuous waveguide. The latter is represented by an elastic beam separating from the elastic foundation under the action of sinusoidal waves. The critical displacement is the separation criterion. We show that the steady-state separation mode, where the separation front speed is independent of the wave amplitude, exists only in a bounded speed-dependent range of the wave amplitude. As the latter exceeds the critical value the steady-state mode is replaced by a more complicated regime with porous-like local separations emerging at a distance ahead of the main transition front. The crucial feature of this simple model is that the wave group speed is greater than the phase speed. The analytical solution allows us to show in detail how the steady-state mode transforms into the forerunning one. The established forerunning mode studied numerically manifests itself as a periodic process. As the incident wave amplitude grows the period decreases, while the separation front speed averaged over the period increases to the group velocity of the wave. In addition, the complete set of relations is presented for the waves excited by the oscillating force moving along the free beam, including the resonant case corresponding to a certain relation between the load's speed and frequency.
description: 10 pictures, 17 pages
Environmental and Biotic Correlates to Lionfish Invasion Success in Bahamian Coral Reefs
Creators: name: Vu, Ivana
name: Simpson, Michael S.
name: Anton, Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Lionfish (Pterois volitans), venomous predators from the Indo-Pacific, are recent invaders of the Caribbean Basin and southeastern coast of North America. Quantification of invasive lionfish abundances, along with potentially important physical and biological environmental characteristics, permitted inferences about the invasion process of reefs on the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas. Environmental wave-exposure had a large influence on lionfish abundance, which was more than 20 and 120 times greater for density and biomass respectively at sheltered sites as compared with wave-exposed environments. Our measurements of topographic complexity of the reefs revealed that lionfish abundance was not driven by habitat rugosity. Lionfish abundance was not negatively affected by the abundance of large native predators (or large native groupers) and was also unrelated to the abundance of medium prey fishes (total length of 5–10 cm). These relationships suggest that (1) higher-energy environments may impose intrinsic resistance against lionfish invasion, (2) habitat complexity may not facilitate the lionfish invasion process, (3) predation or competition by native fishes may not provide biotic resistance against lionfish invasion, and (4) abundant prey fish might not facilitate lionfish invasion success. The relatively low biomass of large grouper on this island could explain our failure to detect suppression of lionfish abundance and we encourage continuing the preservation and restoration of potential lionfish predators in the Caribbean. In addition, energetic environments might exert direct or indirect resistance to the lionfish proliferation, providing native fish populations with essential refuges.
About projectivisation of Mumford semistable bundles over a curve
Creators: name: Keller, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J26, 14L24, 58E11, 53C07

description: We study the existence of canonical Kähler metrics on the projectivisation of strictly Mumford semistable holomorphic vector bundles over a complex curve. We also provide an algebro-geometric characterization of these metrics.
description: 16 pages
Epidemiology of Undiagnosed Trichomoniasis in a Probability Sample of Urban Young Adults
Creators: name: Eggleston, Elizabeth
name: Villarroel, Maria A.
name: Erbelding, Emily
name: Turner, Charles F.
name: Chromy, James R.
name: Hobbs, Marcia
name: Roman, Anthony M.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Tan, Sylvia
name: Rogers, Susan M.
name: Ganapathi, Laxminarayana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: T. vaginalis infection (trichomoniasis) is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the U.S. It is associated with increased HIV risk and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Trichomoniasis surveillance data do not exist for either national or local populations. The Monitoring STIs Survey Program (MSSP) collected survey data and specimens which were tested using nucleic acid amplification tests to monitor trichomoniasis and other STIs in 2006–09 among a probability sample of young adults (N = 2,936) in Baltimore, Maryland — an urban area with high rates of reported STIs. The estimated prevalence of trichomoniasis was 7.5% (95% CI 6.3, 9.1) in the overall population and 16.1% (95% CI 13.0, 19.8) among Black women. The overwhelming majority of infected men (98.5%) and women (73.3%) were asymptomatic. Infections were more common in both women (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.6, 8.2) and men (OR = 9.0, 95% CI 1.8, 44.3) with concurrent chlamydial infection. Trichomoniasis did not vary significantly by age for either men or women. Women with two or more partners in the past year and women with a history of personal or partner incarceration were more likely to have an infection. Overall, these results suggest that routine T vaginalis screening in populations at elevated risk of infection should be considered.
Dataset to the thesis "Second life assessment of Lithium-ion cells obtained from portable electronics"
Creators: name: Salinas, Felipe
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: Lithium-ion
subject: 18650 cell

description: This dataset belongs to the thesis "Second life assessment of Lithium-ion cells obtained from portable electronics". It contains a characterization of 29 features for 100 cells, for which the performance was tested for 100 cycles and the results grouped through k-means algorithm. It was used to provide an example of a novel methodology to grade second life batteries.
Expression of Ror2 Mediates Invasive Phenotypes in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Creators: name: Brannon, A . Rose
name: Rathmell, W. Kimryn
name: Rasmussen, Neal R.
name: Simpson, Catherine
name: Norris, Jacqueline L.
name: Hinds, Peter
name: Maranchie, Jodi K.
name: Sendor, Adam B.
name: Wright, Tricia M.
name: Debebe, Zufan
name: Hakimi, A . Ari
name: Choueiri, Toni K.
name: Brooks, Samira A.
name: Wallen, Eric M.
name: Hsieh, James J.
name: Janzen, William P.
name: Tamboli, Pheroze
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ror2 is a Wnt ligand receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here we demonstrate that expression of wild type Ror2 results in increased tumorigenic properties in in vitro cell culture and in vivo xenograft models. In addition, Ror2 expression produced positive changes in both cell migration and invasion, which were dependent on matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) activity. Mutations in key regions of the kinase domain of Ror2 resulted in the abrogation of increased tumor growth, cell migration, and cell invasion observed with expression of wild-type Ror2. Finally, we examined Ror2 expression as a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC utilizing the TCGA ccRCC dataset. High expression of Ror2 showed a significant correlation with higher clinical stage, nuclear grade, and tumor stage. Furthermore, high expression of Ror2 in ccRCC patients correlated with significant lower overall survival, cancer specific survival, and recurrence free survival. Together, these findings suggest that Ror2 plays a central role in influencing the ccRCC phenotype, and can be considered as a negative prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in this cancer.
A First 2 MW-Class (136)/170/204 GHz Multi-Frequency Gyrotron Pre-Prototype for DEMO: Design, Construction and Key Components Verification
Creators: name: Ruess, Tobias
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Kernfusion
Gyrotron
Vakuumröhre
Mehrfrequenzbetrieb
Modenerzeuger
nuclear fusion
gyrotron
electron vacuum tube
multi-frequency operation
mode generator

description: Ein Gyrotron wird in magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmaexperimenten für Heizung, Stromtrieb, Plasmastabilisierung und Plasmadiagnostik verwendet. In dieser Arbeit wird der erste Entwurf und Bau eines Mehrfrequenz-/Mehrzweck Pre-Prototyp Gyrotrons in koaxialer Technologie vorgestellt, das bei (136)/170/204 GHz mit einer Ausgangsleistung von 2 MW arbeitet. Dies ist der erste Schritt zum Betrieb bei Frequenzen bis zu 240 GHz unter Verwendung der Koaxialhohlraum-Gyrotrontechnologie.
Filtration Improves the Performance of a High-Throughput Screen for Anti-Mycobacterial Compounds
Creators: name: Young, Ellen F.
name: Braunstein, Miriam S.
name: Nguyen, Yvonne
name: Cheng, Nancy
name: Hull-Ryde, Emily A.
name: Porter, Melissa A.
name: Hayden, Jennifer D.
name: Janzen, William P.
name: Frick, Lloyd W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The tendency for mycobacteria to aggregate poses a challenge for their use in microplate based assays. Good dispersions have been difficult to achieve in high-throughput screening (HTS) assays used in the search for novel antibacterial drugs to treat tuberculosis and other related diseases. Here we describe a method using filtration to overcome the problem of variability resulting from aggregation of mycobacteria. This method consistently yielded higher reproducibility and lower variability than conventional methods, such as settling under gravity and vortexing.
Flagellin Treatment Prevents Increased Susceptibility to Systemic Bacterial Infection after Injury by Inhibiting Anti-Inflammatory IL-10+ IL-12- Neutrophil Polarization
Creators: name: Frelinger, Jeffrey A.
name: Kartchner, Laurel B.
name: Mendoza, April E.
name: Neely, Crystal J.
name: Linz, Brandon M.
name: Maile, Robert
name: Cairns, Bruce A.
name: Wolfgang, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Severe trauma renders patients susceptible to infection. In sepsis, defective bacterial clearance has been linked to specific deviations in the innate immune response. We hypothesized that innate immune modulations observed during sepsis also contribute to increased bacterial susceptibility after severe trauma. A well-established murine model of burn injury, used to replicate infection following trauma, showed that wound inoculation with P. aeruginosa quickly spreads systemically. The systemic IL-10/IL-12 axis was skewed after burn injury with infection as indicated by a significant elevation in serum IL-10 and polarization of neutrophils into an anti-inflammatory (“N2”; IL-10+ IL-12−) phenotype. Infection with an attenuated P. aeruginosa strain (ΔCyaB) was cleared better than the wildtype strain and was associated with an increased pro-inflammatory neutrophil (“N1”; IL-10−IL-12+) response in burn mice. This suggests that neutrophil polarization influences bacterial clearance after burn injury. Administration of a TLR5 agonist, flagellin, after burn injury restored the neutrophil response towards a N1 phenotype resulting in an increased clearance of wildtype P. aeruginosa after wound inoculation. This study details specific alterations in innate cell populations after burn injury that contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. In addition, for the first time, it identifies neutrophil polarization as a therapeutic target for the reversal of bacterial susceptibility after injury.
EVM-Perf: High-Precision EVM Performance Analysis - Measurement Data
Creators: name: Busse, Anselm
name: Eberhardt, Jacob
name: Tai, Stefan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
subject: blockchain
subject: ethereum
subject: EVM
subject: performance analysis
subject: microbenchmarking

description: This data was measured for and used in the paper "EVM-Perf: High-Precision EVM Performance Analysis". See the abstract of the paper below: Smart contract execution engines are a central part of transaction processing in blockchains. One of the most widely used execution engines is the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). EVM performance is a key determinant of the overall blockchain system. Being able to gather detailed insights into EVM perfor- mance characteristics is essential not only when implementing EVMs, but also when designing and dimensioning blockchain- based information systems. Today, there is no precise and easy- to-use solution to gather such information. To address this issue, we introduce EVM-Perf, a high-precision EVM evaluation, and analysis framework. Our framework allows detailed performance analysis of arbitrary EVM implementations. Unlike previous work, it leverages statical analysis methods to achieve higher levels of accuracy. We provide an open-source implementation of EVM-Perf and use it to conduct extensive performance analysis for different physical machines. It comprises both machines with x86_64 as well as ARMv8 instruction set architecture. We discuss how EVM-Perf supports system architects with machine selection as well as configurations of Ethereum deployments, e.g., determining Gas limits or block intervals.
Effects of spouse's employment status on depression
Creators: name: Kim, Selin
name: Lee, Hyeon Ji
name: Jeong, Wonjeong
name: Jang, Sung-In
name: Park, Eun-Cheol
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Whether the spouse's employment status would be associated with individual's mental health condition is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spouse's employment status on depression. Data included the second to sixth wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). Depression was measured based on the CES-D10. Spouse's employment status was divided into 4 categories based on their employment changes. Participants with still unemployed spouse were more likely to have high scores of depression (male: β = 0.32, female: β = 0.42). Participants who are employed and have unemployed spouse have higher depression scores (male: β = 0.45, female: β = 0.77). This study identified the effect of spouse's employment status on depression by gender, and the results were significant. We should consider the possibility of conducting interventions with people who are remained unemployed.
Flooding and Emergency Room Visits for Gastrointestinal Illness in Massachusetts: A Case-Crossover Study
Creators: name: Hilborn, Elizabeth D.
name: Jagai, Jyotsna S.
name: Wade, Timothy J.
name: Lin, Cynthia J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Floods and other severe weather events are anticipated to increase as a result of global climate change. Floods can lead to outbreaks of gastroenteritis and other infectious diseases due to disruption of sewage and water infrastructure and impacts on sanitation and hygiene. Floods have also been indirectly associated with outbreaks through population displacement and crowding.