cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Himacerus (Anaptus) major
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Himacerus
Himacerus major

description: Himacerus (Anaptus) major (Costa, 1842)
(Figs. 11–12, 17, 44, 53–54, 66)
Material examined. Har Hermon [Mt. Hermon], 2000m, 22.ii.1973, D. Furth (2♂); 23.v.1978, A. Freidberg (1♀), 21.vi.1982, A. Freidberg (1♂), 9.vi.1983, A. Freidberg (1♂, 1♀), 9.vi.1983, Y. Zvik (2♂, 3♀); 27.v.1986, A.
Freidberg (2♂, 1♀), 1.vii.1986 A. Freidberg (1♂); 1900m, 9.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1♂); 1650m, 30.vi.1978, D. Furth (1♂); 1600m, 7.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1♂); 1500m, 21.v.1979, D. Furth (1♂); Mezudat Nemrod, 1000m, 8.xi.1984, A. Freidberg (1♀); Har Meron 1200m, 11.vi.1996, A. Freidberg (1♀); Har Meron 1100m, 10.vi.1987, A. Freidberg (1♂, 1♀); Har Meron, 5.xii.1961, M. P. Pener (1♀); 5.vi.1974, D. Furth (1♂), 29.v.1979, M. Kaplan (2♀), 20.v.1993, Y. Zvik (3♀).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Western Europe, Mediterranean, except most of North Africa; introduced into North America. General distribution in Israel: Fig. 66.
Previous records. Linnavuori (1973: 48; Har Meron).
Biology. This species lives on and under grasses. In many countries it is confined to seashores, and the records from high altitudes on Har Hermon are therefore unusual (prior to the current work, the highest recorded altitude had been 1000m from the Canary Islands).
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on pages 476-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Nabis (Aspilaspis) indicus Stal 1873
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Nabis
Nabis indicus

description: Nabis (Aspilaspis) indicus (Stål, 1873)
(Figs. 2, 4, 21, 28, 30, 40, 59–61, 69)
Material examined. Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv, 27.iii.1999, N. Meltser (from Tamarix aphylla) (2♂); Ramat Gan, 3.x.1999, N. Meltser (from Tamarix aphylla) (3♂); ‘En Gedi, 9.viii.1983, Y. Zvik (3♀); Park Ashqelon, 8.ix.2000, N. Meltser (from Tamarix aphylla) (19♂); Makhtèsh Ramon, 6.ii.1999, N. Meltser (from Tamarix aphylla) (3♀); Nahal Neqarot, 1.ii.1998, L. Friedman (1♂); Ne’ot Semadar, 29.viii.1995, A. Freidberg (1♀); Yotvata, 15.viii.1958, R. Linnavuori (1♂).
Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental region. North Africa to Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, southern part of central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India. General distribution in Israel: Fig. 69.
Previous records. Carapezza (1997).
Biology. This species is associated only with Tamarix aphylla.
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Chiridota pisanii Ludwig 1886
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Apodida
Chiridotidae
Chiridota
Chiridota pisanii

description: Chiridota pisanii Ludwig, 1886
Remarks. In my report (O’Loughlin 2002) on some ANARE and BANZARE specimens I listed Chiridota pisanii Ludwig, 1886 from Heard I., based on three ANARE NMV specimens. At that time hook ossicles were not detected in the specimens. These have been subsequently detected and the specimens now judged to be Taeniogyrus contortus (Ludwig, 1874). In the 2002 paper I unwisely combined ossicle measurement sizes of Tierra del Fuego and Heard specimens, compounding the identification mistake. This was appropriately addressed by Jens Bohn in Altnöder et al. (2007). Chiridota pisanii has not been found in the Kerguelen and Heard region.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Ascelosodis thibetana Blair 1923
Creators: name: Ren, Guo-Dong
name: Shi, Ai-Min
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Ascelosodis
Ascelosodis thibetana

description: Ascelosodis thibetana Blair, 1923
(Figs 128–140, 156)
Ascelosodis thibetana Blair, 1923: 281; Kaszab, 1959: 358; 1968: 48.
Material examined
CHINA: Tibet: 15 males and 17 females, Gyantse, 28°54’ N, 89°36’ E, 3900 m, 2 Jul. 2002, collected by Yi­bin Ba and Yang Yu (MHBU); 30 males and 30 females, Lhartse, 29°06’ N, 87°42’ E, 3900 m, 29 Jun. 2002, collected by Yi­bin Ba and Yang Yu (MHBU).
Distribution
China (Tibet).
description: Published as part of Ren, Guo-Dong & Shi, Ai-Min, 2006, A taxonomic review of the Chinese species from the genus Ascelosodis Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 1228 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172696
Nabis (Nabis) pseudoferus subsp. orientarius Remane 1963
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Nabis
Nabis pseudoferus
Nabis (nabis) pseudoferus orientarius remane, 1963

description: Nabis (Nabis) pseudoferus orientarius Remane, 1963
(Figs. 20, 34, 38, 42, 52, 67)
Material examined. Har Hermon, 2000m, 28.x.1968, P. Amitai (1♂), 22.v.1973, D. Furth (3♂), 19.vi.1973, A. Freidberg (1♀), 27.vi.1973, D. Furth (1♀), 9.vi.1983, Y. Zvik (1♀), 30.x.1985, I. Susman (1♀), 20.v.1986, A. Freidberg (1♀), 6.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1♀), 12.vi.1996 (1♂); 1900m, 22.v.1973, D. Furth (1♂), 1.vii.1986, A. Freidberg (1♀), 9.vii.1987, A. Freidberg (1♀); 1700m, 16.v.1977, A. Freidberg (1♀), 8.vi.1983, Y. Zvik (1♂); 1650m, 8.v.1975, J. Kugler (1♂), 6.v.1979, D. Furth (1♂); 1600m, 23.ix.1972, M. Kaplan, (fifth instar), 2.vii.1986, A. Shlagman (1♂, 1♀), 7.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1♂, 1♀); 1400 - 1600m, 24.v.1983, A. Freidberg (1♂); 1500m, 24.v.1983, Y. Zvik (3♂, 1♀), 29.v.1984, I. Yarom (1♀), 1200m, 9.vi.1983, Y. Zvik (1♂); Har Dov, 8.vi.1983, Y. Zvik (2♂, 1♀); Gadot, 12.v.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Kefar Szold, 13.v.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Qusbiye, 28.iv.1978, D. Furth (1♂); Kare Deshe, 7.v.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Mt. Meron 1100m, 10.vi.1987, A. Shlagman (1♂); Dor, 11.vi.1986, I. Susman (1♂); Netanya, 28.iv.1979, D. Furth (1♀); Ramat Hovav, 2.ix.1985, I. Nissbaum (1♂).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Europe, Mediterranean Basin. This subspecies is recorded from Cyprus, Asian Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq and Iran (Kerzhner, 1996). General distribution in Israel: Fig. 67.
Previous records. None. Newly recorded for the study area.
Biology. This species lives on herbs and in cultivated fields (Kerzhner, 1981).
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Nabis (Nabis) palifer Seidenstucker 1954
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Nabis
Nabis palifer

description: Nabis (Nabis) palifer Seidenstücker, 1954
(Figs. 25–26, 36, 43, 55, 72)
Material examined. Mahanayim, 12.ix.1973, D. Furth (1♂); ‘En Gedi, 14.v.1975 (2♀); Mezada [Massada], 15.ii.1974, D. Furth, (1 fifth instar); Qezi'ot [Kzot], 16.v.1985, I. Nissbaum (1♀).
Distribution. Palaearctic. From the Balkan Peninsula, through Asia Minor, the Near East and Central Asia to the Himalaya, and Tibet. General distribution in Israel: Fig. 72.
Previous records. Linnavuori, 1961: 38 (Beit-Shean, Revivim).
Biology. This species lives on herbs in dry areas as well as in cultivated fields (Kerzhner, 1981).
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) flavipes Fieber 1836
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Alloeorhynchus
Alloeorhynchus flavipes

description: Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) flavipes (Fieber, 1836)
(Fig. 9)
Material examined. None.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Southern Europe, northern and eastern Mediterranean basin, east to northeastern Iran.
Previous records. Reuter and Poppius, 1909:33, 45 (Nazareth); Bodenheimer, 1937: 205 (“ Palestine ”).
Biology. This species lives under plants and stones in dry places, usually at or near forests, and feeds on other bugs, mainly small Lygaeidae. It overwinters in forest litter (Carayon, 1949a).
Comment. This species is not represented in the TAUI collection.
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Echinocucumis kirrilyae O'Loughlin, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Ypsilothuriidae
Echinocucumis
Echinocucumis kirrilyae

description: Echinocucumis kirrilyae sp. nov.
Figures 1a–d; table 1.
Material examined. Holotype. Eastern Antarctica, off Enderby Land, 65°48'S 53°16'E, 180–209 m, BANZARE stn 41, 24–25 Jan 1930, SAM K2457.
Diagnosis. Body 6 mm long (excluding tentacles); body wall calcareous with test of irregular, imbricating, spired scales; body fusiform, lacking oral and anal cones; mouth anterior; anus dorso-posterior; 10 sub-equal sub-digitiform tentacles, with trunk and few short branches; single irregular spaced radial series of latero-ventral tube feet, a few tube feet on anterior and posterior mid-ventral radius; lacking tube feet dorsally and laterally; calcareous ring lacking posterior prolongations (ring fragmented); gonad tubules branched proximally; longitudinal muscles flat.
Body wall ossicles single-layered perforated plates, up to 424 µ m diameter, irregular form around typically 4 large central perforations, tree-like spire arising centrally on plate between large perforations, up to 280 µ m high, thick basal trunk branching openly, distal stout spines. Tentacle ossicles bent and curved rods, with central apical and terminal perforations, margin bluntly spinous; rods up to 272 µ m long.
Distribution. Eastern Antarctica, off Enderby Land, 180– 209 m.
Etymology. Named for Kirrily Moore, Technical Officer in the Tasmania Museum and Art Gallery, with appreciation of her gracious assistance in providing access to Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic holothuroid material.
Remarks. The single specimen is very small, but has distinctive and unique diagnostic characters. The new species is referred with reservations to Echinocucumis Sars, diagnosed most recently by Pawson (1970), because it has: 10 tentacles; calcareous ring lacking posterior prolongations; ventral radial tube feet; body plated with imbricating scales; ossicles single-layered perforated spired plates. It is referred with reservations because: body is fusiform and lacks oral and anal cones; tentacles are sub-digitiform and sub-equal; plates/ scales are less than 500 µ m diameter; spires arise centrally on the plates, between large central perforations. The ossicles show similarities with illustrations by Hansen (1988) of ossicles of very small specimens of dendrochirotid species of Staurocucumis and Psolicucumis. Hansen (1988) noted that the form of ossicles in juveniles raised doubts about the distinction between dactylochirotids and dendrochirotids. The presence of gonads in the type specimen indicates that it is not a juvenile. Echinocucumis kirrilyae sp. nov. is distinguished diagnostically within the dactylochirotids by the tree-like form of the centrally placed ossicle spires, each comprising a trunk with spreading, distally spinous, branches.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Pseudopsolus macquariensis
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Cucumariidae
Pseudopsolus
Pseudopsolus macquariensis

description: Pseudopsolus macquariensis var. gruai Cherbonnier, 1974
Remarks. Cherbonnier (1974b) erected this variety of a Macquarie I. species based on 16 specimens found in the rocky shallows of the Kerguelen Is. In the extensive sampling of the Kerguelen Is by BANZARE neither Pseudopsolus macquariensis (Dendy, 1896) nor this variety was found. Many specimens of P. macquariensis were found in the rocky shallows of Macquarie I.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Nabis (Halonabis) sareptanus Dohrn 1862
Creators: name: Novoselsky, T.
name: Freidberg, A.
name: Dorchin, N.
name: Meltzer, N.
name: Kerzhner, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Nabidae
Nabis
Nabis sareptanus

description: Nabis (Halonabis) sareptanus Dohrn, 1862
(Figs. 24, 45, 51, 71)
Material examined. ISRAEL: Tel Diblaka [Jordan Valley], 1.vi.1986, Y. Zvik (1♀).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Steppes and deserts from the Balkan Peninsula to eastern Siberia, west Mongolia and Pakistan, Jordanian. General distribution in Israel: Fig. 71.
Previous records. None
Biology. This species is halophilous, apparently nocturnal, and both adults and larvae are found mostly under Chenopodiaceae plants, especially Suaeda, during the day (Péricart, 1987).
description: Published as part of Novoselsky, T., Freidberg, A., Dorchin, N., Meltzer, N. & Kerzhner, I., 2014, The Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, pp. 471-492 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224383
Trachythyone bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding 1935
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Cucumariidae
Trachythyone
Trachythyone bouvetensis

description: Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding, 1935)
Cucumaria (Semperia) bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding, 1935: 188 –189, figs 46, 47. Ludwigia bouvetensis.— Panning, 1949: 431.
Ocnus bouvetensis. — Panning, 1971: 29 (by implication of synonymy of Ludwigia with Ocnus). Trachythyone baja Hernández, 1987: 161 –165, fig. 1, pl.
Trachythyone bouvetensis. — Gutt, 1991: 322, 324. — Massin, 1992a: 190 –191.
Remarks. Cucumaria bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding, 1935 has the diagnostic characters of Trachythyone Studer, 1876: 8 and 2 small dendritic tentacles; Cucumaria -like calcareous ring; tube feet dorsally and laterally, and on 3 ventral radii; body wall ossicles large perforated plates and small spinous cups with 4– armed cross. Panning (1949) initially referred the species to Ludwigia Reiffen, and then by implication to Ocnus Forbes when he (Panning 1971) judged Ludwigia to be a junior synonym of Ocnus. The species has been referred to Trachythyone by Gutt (1991) and Massin (1992a). The species is formally referred here to Trachythyone.
When he erected his new species Trachythyone baja (Antararctic Peninsula and South Georgia), Hernández (1987) did not distinguish it from Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding, 1935) (Bouvet I.). I have examined specimens (NMV) of Trachythyone bouvetensis from South Georgia, South Sandwich Is, South Shetland Is and Prydz Bay. The Hernández description and illustrations of Trachythyone baja are good descriptions of Trachythyone bouvetensis. The two species are judged here to be synonyms.
Species of Trachythyone on the coast of Antarctica are: Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding, 1935); Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov. (below); Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov. (below); Trachythyone maxima Massin, 1992 a and possibly Trachythyone parva (Ludwig, 1874) (listed in Gutt, 1991; not confirmed in this work).
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Trachythyone mackenzieae O'Loughlin, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Cucumariidae
Trachythyone
Trachythyone mackenzieae

description: Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov.
Figures 2 f, 3b, d, f; table 1.
Material examined. Holotype. Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay, Fram Bank, 67°25'S 70°20'E, 161–165 m, ANARE AA91 stn 94, C.C. Lu & T.N. Stranks, 26 Feb 1991, NMV F68073.
Paratypes. Fram Bank, 67°31'S 69°02'E, 105–114 m, AA93 stn 130, M. O’Loughlin, 13 Feb 1993, NMV F68668 (1); off Kaiser Wilhelm Land, 65°48'S 89°49'E, 393 m, BANZARE stn 100, 3 Feb 1931, SAM K2451 (1).
Diagnosis. Body elongate, fusiform, slightly tapered and rounded posteriorly; up to 60 mm long (preserved, excluding tentacles); body wall calcareous, rugose, not parchment-like; 10 dendritic tentacles, ventral pair small; tube feet in radial series, retractile, dorso-lateral radial series variable size, zig-zag to double discontinuous rows, 3 ventral radial series close zig-zag to double irregular rows; calcareous ring lacking posterior prolongations, radial plates with narrow sub-rectangular anterior projection, interradial plates with strongly tapered anterior projection, all plates with rounded notch posteriorly; single polian vesicle; gonad tubules long, thin, unbranched.
Mid-dorsal body wall ossicles thick perforated plates, spinous cups; plates irregularly oval to elongate, predominantly more than 2 perforations wide, plates up to 528 µ m long, lacking knobs over most of plate, but frequently knobs, spines and thick low spinous spire above one end of surface of plate, about 160 µ m high; irregular deep to shallow cupped crosses and cups, 48–88 µ m long, blunt to pointed spines on rim, 4–8 perforations, perforations frequently small, no cups closed by bridges across rim. Tentacle ossicles rodderived perforated plates, round to oval to elongate, curved to bent to cupped, thick blunt margin and surface spines, plates up to 536 µ m long.
Distribution. Eastern Antarctic coast, 70°–90°E, 105– 393 m.
Etymology. Named for Melanie Mackenzie, Museum Victoria Research Associate, with appreciation of her valuable assistance in determining Antarctic holothuroid material.
Remarks. The distinguishing diagnostic characters of Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov. amongst Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Trachythyone species (T. bouvetensis, T. cynthiae sp. nov. (above), T. maxima and possibly T. parva) are: calcareous rugose surface; paired radial series of retractile tube feet; thick spinous spires arising above one end of body wall plates.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Theel 1879
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Elasipodida
Laetmogonidae
Laetmogone
Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni

description: Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel, 1879
Remarks. O’Loughlin et al. (1994) recognized morphological variations from the type specimens of Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel, 1879 (southern Indo-Pacific, abyssal) in specimens from Prydz Bay (bathyal). Molecular phylogenetic data (Gustav Paulay, pers. comm.) for specimens of the morpho-species L. wyvillethomsoni from the Ross Sea indicate possible allopatric cryptic Antarctic species (shallow and deep bathyal). Whether these forms are conspecific with Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni remains to be determined.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2196 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189493
Liothorax Motschulsky 1859
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax

description: Genus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1859
Liothorax Motschulsky 1859: 156, Ádám 1994: 14, Dellacasa et al. 2001a: 169 Aphodius (Liothorax); Bedel 1911: 74, Dellacasa 1983: 276
Ataeniomorphus Balthasar 1952: 22, Stebnicka 1990: 897 (as a synonym of Liothorax)
Type species: The type species of Liothorax is Scarabaeus plagiatus Linné, 1767 by subsequent designation (Dellacasa 1983). The type species of Ataeniomorphus is Aphodius isikdagensis Balthasar, 1952 by original designation.
Diagnosis: Small or medium sized species (length 4.0–6.0 mm), convex, cylindrical, elongate, glabrous, shiny or dull. Black or piceous-black, rarely with red or yellow spotted elytra or completely red or yellow elytra; sometimes elytra with alternating yellow and black interstriae; rarely elytra black with lateral margins yellow. Head anteriomedially moderately gibbose, punctured; clypeus either feebly sinuate or non-sinuate medially, rounded laterally, with thin margin; clypeal margin glabrous or with short bristles laterally. Genae obtusely rounded, sparsely fimbriate, usually protruding beyond eyes; eyes small; frontal suture usually obsolete, sometimes distinctly impressed (at least laterally), rarely elevated laterally. Epipharynx widely rounded laterally, strongly sinuate at front margin; epitorma conical or subelliptical; corypha usually with short spiculae rounded apically; pedia with reduced prophobae and with several stout spinules evenly scattered; chaetopedia short, stout, rather sparse; apophobae sparse, evenly scattered; apotormae weak. Pronotum moderately convex, with dual or even punctures; base with or without margin. Scutellum small, pentagonal, with straight sides parallel basally or rarely with sides curved, narrowly cordiform. Elytra elongate, usually parallel-sided; striae distinct, crenulate or not; interstriae flat, rarely convex, usually sparsely punctate. Fore tibiae distally tridentate and proximally serrulate at outer margin; upper side smooth or almost smooth. Middle and hind tibiae with strong transverse carinae on outer face, apically fimbriate with spinules short and equal. Pygidium with short, rather dense, recumbent setae; apical margin with dense, somewhat elongate setae. Aedeagus with elongate parameres, parameres rounded and membranous apically; membranes rugulose.
Sexual dimorphism: Males with head distinctly gibbose at middle, with less dense punctation on pronotal disc than females; fore tibiae with apical spur often stouter and inwardly curved or hooked apically in males. Distribution: Palaearctic Region, Nearctic Region, and Mexico.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Liothorax consociatus Horn 1887, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax
Liothorax consociatus

description: Liothorax consociatus (Horn, 1887), new combination
(Figs. 8–12)
Aphodius consociatus: Horn 1887: 21, Gordon 1977: 162 (lectotype designation) Aphodius (Volinus) consociatus: Schmidt 1913: 143, Schmidt 1922: 175 Aphodius (Chilothorax) consociatus: Dellacasa 1988: 113
Type locality: California, U.S.A.
Type depository: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.
Redescription: Length 4.0–5.0 mm; body moderately elongate, convex, shiny, glabrous. Color black; elytra yellow with first interstriae and sides widely piceous; legs brownish-red; antennal club piceous. Head anteriorly at middle convex, with coarse and rather dense punctures, punctation coarser distally. Clypeus very weakly sinuate medially, rounded laterally, very thinly bordered, border weakly upturned; genae rounded, with short setae, weakly protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture obsolete; front with evenly spaced and rather sparse punctures. Pronotum moderately transverse, convex, with dual, coarse and moderately close punctures throughout, large punctures two to three times larger than small; punctation somewhat denser and coarser laterally; lateral margins weakly arcuate anteriorly, near parallel posteriorly; with thin border; hind angles obtusely rounded; base faintly bisinuate, with thin but distinct border. Scutellum weakly excavate, shiny, impunctate. Elytra very convex, slightly widened posteriorly; striae rather fine, with deep punctures, moderately crenulate; interstriae flat, finely alutaceous, with irregular almost indistinct punctures. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur somewhat longer than first tarsomere; first tarsomere as long as following three combined. Male fore tibiae with apical spur slender, almost abruptly hooked inward at apex; head and pronotum with less coarse and more sparse punctures than in female. Female fore tibiae with apical spur evenly acuminate apically.
Distribution: Coastal southern California (from Los Angeles to San Diego).
Bionomy: This is an early spring species whose ecology is unknown. It is apparently endemic to coastal southern California, a region under intense human disturbance and alteration.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Liothorax innexus Say 1835
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax
Liothorax innexus

description: Liothorax innexus (Say, 1835)
(Figs. 13–17)
Aphodius innexus: Say 1835: 177, Harold 1871: 270, Bates 1887: 85, Blackwelder 1944: 212, Dellacasa et al. 1998: 155 Aphodius flavocinctus: Harold 1860: 614, Harold 1871: 270 (as a synonym of A. innexus) Aphodius circumcinctus: Germar in Harold 1871: 270 (nomen nudum)
Aphodius (Nialus) innexus: Schmidt 1913: 168; Dellacasa 1988: 144
Liothorax innexus: Dellacasa et al., 2002: 166 (new combination)
Type locality: Mexico (for Liothorax innexus).
Type depository: Type series lost (for Liothorax innexus) (see Mawdsley 1993).
Redescription: Length 5.0–6.0 mm; body subelongate, parallel, convex, shiny glabrous. Color piceous; front angles of pronotum, humeral angle, sides and apex of elytra dirty yellow. Head anteriomedially gibbose, anteriorly with transverse weak carina, nearly smooth at center, with coarse punctures only toward clypeal margin. Clypeus sinuate medially, rounded laterally, finely bordered, border weakly upturned, glabrous; genae broadly rounded, with elongate setae, not protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture weakly gibbous. Pronotum transverse, with dual sparse punctures, nearly smooth on disc; lateral margins thinly bordered, bor- der with elongate setae; base weakly bisinuate, not bordered. Scutellum with curved sides, smooth. Elytra subparallel-sided, distinctly striate; striae strongly crenulate; interstriae flat, with very fine and sparse punctures, sometimes punctures almost imperceptible. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur shorter than first tarsomere; first tarsomere nearly as long as following three combined. Male head with anterior carina more distinct than in female; pronotum almost parallel-sided. Female with pronotum weakly narrowed forward.
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla).
Bionomy: This is a coprophagous species, which is found in summer and autumn. Other bionomical details are unknown.
Systematic remarks: This species has been recorded from California, U.S.A. (Harold 1860: 614) but this record was based on misidentified specimens.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Liothorax kraatzi Harold 1868, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax
Liothorax kraatzi

description: Liothorax kraatzi (Harold, 1868), new combination
(Figs. 26–31)
Aphodius kraatzi Harold, 1868: 84
Aphodius graecus: Motschulsky in Harold, 1871: 269 (nomen nudum) Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi: Reitter 1892: 203
Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi ab. castanopterus: Endrödi 1955: 48 (unavailable name) Aphodius (Liothorax) kraatzi: Dellacasa 1983: 278
Nialus haagi: Ádám 1994: 13
Type locality: Graecia [Greece] (for Liothorax kraatzi).
Type depository: Unknown to authors (for Liothorax kraatzi).
Redescription: Length 4.0–5.0 mm; body elongate, cylindrical, convex, shiny, glabrous. Color black; antennal club pale brown; legs reddish brown (Fig. 30); some individuals have color brownish red (Fig. 31). Head anteriorly at middle gibbose, with fine rather dense punctures. Clypeus weakly sinuate medially, rounded laterally; genae rounded, barely protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture faint, slightly raised medially. Pronotum convex, transverse; with dual, irregular, dense punctures; lateral margins with thin border; hind angles obtusely rounded; basal border interrupted medially. Scutellum with sparse punctures. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided; striae deep, with distinct punctures, not crenulate; interstriae narrow, convex, shiny, with superficial and sparse punctures. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur as long as first tarsomere; first tarsomere as long as following three combined. Male head with medial gibbosity distinct; frontal suture distinct, somewhat raised with trace of a central tubercle; pronotum on disc with punctures less dense than in female. Female head with medial gibbosity faint; frontal suture nearly obsolete.
Distribution: Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Central Asia.
Bionomy: This species is saprophagous and stenotopic and occurs in open habitats, mainly in damp soil at pond margins. Adults are active in late spring, summer, and autumn.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Giraffa camelopardalis
Creators: name: Petzold, Alice
name: Magnant, Anne-Sophie
name: Edderai, David
name: Chardonnet, Bertrand
name: Rigoulet, Jacques
name: Saint-Jalme, Michel
name: Hassanin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Giraffidae
Giraffa
Giraffa camelopardalis

description: Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diagnosis
Shanks white, presence of occipital horns, five ES in the Cytb gene: 186 A=> G, 288 G =>A, 333 A=>G, 597 C=>T, 924 C=>T; one ES in the CR: 462 A=>G; two ES in the CTAGE5 intron: 570 T=> C, 705 C=> G; two ES in the CWF19L1 intron: 263 T=> G, 264 T=> G; one ES in the DDX1 intron: 268 dACAT; one ES in the DHX36 intron: 50 iGTT; two ES in the SOS1 intron: 103 T=>C, 118 G=>A.
Type material examined
Neotype (here designated)
ETHIOPIA • 1 specimen (skin and complete skeleton); Abyssinia; MHNT-1996.121.2.
Other specimens
ETHIOPIA • 1 specimen (skull and skeleton parts); Abyssinia; MNHN-A8012.
SUDAN • 1 specimen (skull), “Zarafa”; Sennar; MNHN-1845-211.
Distribution
Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan (holotype), Uganda, Somalia, Ethiopia (neotype), Kenya.
Remarks
The holotype designation was based on a living giraffe illustrated by Belon du Mans (1553), which was not sampled for a museum collection. The neotype herein designated represents the most complete
specimen (skin and complete skeleton) and has been the first giraffe to be dissected, providing several anatomical drawings (see Joly & Lavocat 1845).
description: Published as part of Petzold, Alice, Magnant, Anne-Sophie, Edderai, David, Chardonnet, Bertrand, Rigoulet, Jacques, Saint-Jalme, Michel & Hassanin, Alexandre, 2020, First insights into past biodiversity of giraffes based on mitochondrial sequences from museum specimens, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 703 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.703, http://zenodo.org/record/3989669
Liothorax niger Illiger 1798, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax
Liothorax niger

description: Liothorax niger (Illiger, 1798), new combination
(Figs. 37–41)
Aphodius niger: Illiger 1798: 24, Krell et al. 2003: 127, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2005: 45 Aphodius limnophilus: Motschulsky in Harold 1871: 266 (nomen nudum)
Aphodius (Liothorax) niger: Bedel, 1911: 75
Aphodius (Liothorax) wilsonae: Maté & Angus 2005: 329, Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2005: 51 (as a synonym of Liothorax niger Illiger, 1798)
Liothorax muscorum: Ádám 1994: 6, Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2005: 51 (as a synonym of Liothorax niger Illiger, 1798)
Type locality: Suec[ia] (Sweden) (for Liothorax niger).
Type depository: Humboldt-Universität. Museum für Naturkunde. Berlin (for Liothorax niger).
Redescription: Length 4.0–5.0 mm, body elongate, subcylindrical, slightly broadened toward apex of elytra, shiny, glabrous. Color black; legs piceous; antennal club black. Head anteriorly at middle gibbose, with fine punctures on disc, punctation more irregular and more coarse distally. Clypeus weakly sinuate medially, rounded laterally; genae obtusely rounded, protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture nearly obsolete. Pronotum convex; with dual, evenly spaced punctures; large punctures, weakly umbilicate, two times larger than small punctures, somewhat irregularly sized; lateral margins with thin border; hind angles obtuse; basal border widely interrupted medially. Scutellum wide, with sparse punctures basally. Elytra oval-elongate; striae well defined, with distinct punctures, crenulate; interstriae flat, with fine, sparse punctures, apically alutaceous. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur as long as first tarsomere; first tarsomere as long as following three combined. Male head with medial gibbosity rather distinct; pronotum on disc with punctures more sparse than in female; metasternal plate concave. Female head with medial gibbosity almost obsolete; metasternal plate flat.
Distribution: Europe, Asia Minor, Central Asia, China (Tibet).
Bionomy: This species is active in late spring and summer and is saprophagous and stenotopic. It is exclusively from open areas mainly at pond margins and in damp soil or under rotting leaves from 1000 to 2000 m in elevation. This species also sometimes causes damage to golf turf (personal observation).
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Liothorax rusakovi Gusakov 2004, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax
Liothorax rusakovi

description: Liothorax rusakovi (Gusakov, 2004), new combination
(Figs. 49–53)
Aphodius (Liothorax) rusakovi: Gusakov 2004: 6
Type locality: Orenbugsk[aya]. obl[ast’]., 120 km YuYuZ Orenburga, razliv r. ilek, Sudkhorechka (Russia). Type depository: Zoologiceskii Muzei moskovskogo Universiteta, Moscow.
Redescription: Length 4.5–5.5 mm; body subcylindrical, faintly widened basally, shiny, glabrous. Color black; clypeal margin and legs pitch-brown; antennal club piceous. Head anteriorly at middle gibbose, with evenly spaced punctures on disc, punctation somewhat coarser and denser distally. Clypeus weakly sinuate medially, rounded laterally; genae obtusely rounded, with short setae, protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture not tuberculate, distinctly impressed laterally, widely interrupted medially; front with somewhat irregularly spaced coarse punctures. Pronotum transverse, convex, with dual evenly spaced punctures, large punctures, four times larger than small, lacking on disc; lateral margins weakly arcuate, with distinct border; basal border extremely thin medially. Scutellum weakly depressed basally, with distinct and irregularly spaced punctures on basal half. Elytra elongate, almost parallel-sided; striae well defined, with distinct punctures, slightly crenulate; interstriae weakly convex, with distinct almost fine punctures arranged laterally in regular longitudinal belt; punctation denser toward apex. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur shorter than first tarsomere; first tarsomere as long as following three combined. Male pronotum on disc with punctures less coarse than in female; fore tibiae with apical spur stouter and strongly outward curved; metasternal plate deeply excavate. Female fore tibiae with apical spur slender and weakly outward curved; metasternal plate almost flat.
Distribution: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.
Bionomy: All specimens examined were collected in May.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. antiquorum
Creators: name: Petzold, Alice
name: Magnant, Anne-Sophie
name: Edderai, David
name: Chardonnet, Bertrand
name: Rigoulet, Jacques
name: Saint-Jalme, Michel
name: Hassanin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Giraffidae
Giraffa
Giraffa camelopardalis
Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum (jardine, 1835)

description: Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum (Jardine, 1835)
Giraffa camelopardalis sennaariensis Trouessart, 1898: p.902.
Giraffa camelopardalis congoensis Lydekker, 1903: 386.
Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni Lydekker, 1904: 207, fig. 1.
Diagnosis
Spots on the upper part of the fore-limbs and the thighs broken up in a number of very small and irregular ones.
Type material
Holotype
SUDAN • 1 ♂ (skull and tanned skin of a male giraffe); South of Darfur; SMF-498.
Paratype
SUDAN • 1 ♀ (skull and tanned skin of a female giraffe); South of Darfur; SMF-497.
Distribution
Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan (holotype).
Remarks
The holotype designation was based on the information provided by Rüppel (1826), who collected two specimens in North Africa. Both specimens can be meanwhile found in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt (Germany) listed as SMF-498 (skull and tanned skin, male): unspecified type and SMF-497 (skull and tanned skin, female): paratype.
description: Published as part of Petzold, Alice, Magnant, Anne-Sophie, Edderai, David, Chardonnet, Bertrand, Rigoulet, Jacques, Saint-Jalme, Michel & Hassanin, Alexandre, 2020, First insights into past biodiversity of giraffes based on mitochondrial sequences from museum specimens, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 703 on page 22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.703, http://zenodo.org/record/3989669
Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. camelopardalis
Creators: name: Petzold, Alice
name: Magnant, Anne-Sophie
name: Edderai, David
name: Chardonnet, Bertrand
name: Rigoulet, Jacques
name: Saint-Jalme, Michel
name: Hassanin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Giraffidae
Giraffa
Giraffa camelopardalis
Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis (linnaeus, 1758)

description: Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Camelopardalis aethiopicus Ogilby, 1837: 134.
Camelopardalis biturigum Duvernoy, 1844: 12, fig. 4.
Giraffa camelopardalis typica Bryden, 1899: 489, plate XIV.
Diagnosis
Front of the face sparsely and sides fully spotted, similar pattern to reticulata but with chestnut or sandy patches.
Past distribution
Probably extinct, former range between the Blue Nile and Tekezé /Atbara rivers in southeastern Sudan (eastern Sennar) and northern Ethiopia (Abyssinia).
description: Published as part of Petzold, Alice, Magnant, Anne-Sophie, Edderai, David, Chardonnet, Bertrand, Rigoulet, Jacques, Saint-Jalme, Michel & Hassanin, Alexandre, 2020, First insights into past biodiversity of giraffes based on mitochondrial sequences from museum specimens, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 703 on page 22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.703, http://zenodo.org/record/3989669
Liothorax Motschulsky 1859
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Liothorax

description: Genus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1859
Ataeniomorphus Balthasar, 1952
1. L. alternatus (Horn, 1870) Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba), U.S.A. (Washington to
southern California, east to Michigan) L. inermis (Robinson 1940)
L. moclipsi (Hatch, 1971)
2. L. consociatus (Horn, 1887) coastal southern California (from Los Angeles to San Diego)
3. L. innexus (Say, 1835) Mexico (Distrito Federal, Guerrero, México, Michoacán) L. flavocinctus (Harold, 1860)
4. L. isikdagensis (Balthasar, 1952) Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel L. bytinskisalzi (Petrovitz, 1971)
L. cypricola (Balthasar, 1971)
L. ressli (Petrovitz, 1962)
5. L. kraatzi (Harold, 1868) southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Central Asia 6. L. levatus (Schmidt, 1907) Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
L. nigroclavus (Hinton, 1934)
7. L. niger (Illiger, 1798) Europe, Asia Minor, Central Asia, China (Tibet)
L. muscorum Ádám, 1994
L. wilsonae (Maté & Angus, 2005)
8. L. plagiatus (Linné, 1767) Central and southern Europe (except Italy); Tunisia, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Russia, Siberia, China
L. elongatus (Stephens, 1830)
L. jakutorum (Balthasar, 1938)
L. longulus (Ménétriés, 1847)
9. L. rusakovi (Gusakov, 2004) Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan 10. L. subaeneus (LeConte, 1857) Canada (British Columbia), U.S.A. (from northern Oregon to southern
California)
L. gentneri (Hatch, 1971)
L. perpolitus (Gordon, 1973)
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Nialus jhavanicus Balthasar 1971, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Nialus
Nialus jhavanicus

description: Nialus jhavanicus (Balthasar, 1971), new combination
(Figs. 61–65)
Aphodius (Nialus) jhavanicus: Balthasar 1971b: 18
Aphodius (Nialus) cobharensis: Stebnicka 1985: 363, Stebnicka 1986: 38 (as a synonym of jhavanicus)
Type locality: Jhawani, Rapti-Tal. Nepal (for Nialus jhavanicus).
Type depository: Zoologisches Staatssammlung, Münich (for Nialus jhavanicus).
Redescription: Length 4.0–4.5 mm; body elongate, convex, subparallel-sided, shiny, glabrous. Color black or piceous; clypeal margin and legs reddish-brown, legs with tarsi paler; antennal club testaceous. Head anteriorly at middle moderately convex, with irregularly spaced punctures, punctation fine and sparse on disc, larger and deeper distally. Clypeus weakly sinuate medially, rounded and widely arcuate laterally; clypeal border fine and weakly upturned, with sparse and short setae; genae rounded, with short setae, faintly protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture slightly cariniform with median tubercle; front with fine but rather evenly spaced punctures. Pronotum convex, subquadrate, with dual punctures; fine punctures regularly scattered throughout, large punctures, three to four times larger than small, sparse on disc, closer on sides; lateral margins weakly arcuate, with thin border; hind angles broadly rounded; base faintly bisinuate, not bordered. Scutellum flat, with irregularly spaced and coarse punctures on basal half. Elytra moderately convex, faintly widened just behind the middle; striae fine, with superficial punctures, subcrenulate; interstriae flat with fine, sparse punctures. Hind tibiae apically fimbriate with short and equal spinules; with superior apical spur one third shorter than first tarsomere; first tarsomere somewhat shorter than following three combined. Male frontal suture with tubercle stronger; punctation of head and pronotum sparser than in female.
Distribution: Nepal, India
Material examined: NEPAL: Rapti Tal, Jhawani, 200 m; V.1967, Dierl-Forster-Schacht leg. (holotype male and 67 paratypes, ZSM); Arun Valley, Sultibari, 500 m, 1/ 14.VI.1988, Lebish & Prost leg., 1 ex. (DCG); Narayani Zone, Chitawan Distr., Chitawan Nat. P., Sahuraha-Thati-Bagh Mara, 200/ 500 m, 17/ 21.V.1996, P. Cechovsky leg., 1 ex. (DCG); INDIA: Bhalukpog, South Arunachal Pradesh, 11/ 14.V.1999, E. Kucera leg., 1 ex. (DCG).
Systematic remarks: Based on the characters outlined in the description, this species should be placed in the genus Nialus. Previously, Stebnicka (1985) hypothesized that this species might be closely related to Liothorax kraatzi.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2007, Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 23-42 in Zootaxa 1407 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175524
Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. rothschildi Lydekker 1903
Creators: name: Petzold, Alice
name: Magnant, Anne-Sophie
name: Edderai, David
name: Chardonnet, Bertrand
name: Rigoulet, Jacques
name: Saint-Jalme, Michel
name: Hassanin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Giraffidae
Giraffa
Giraffa camelopardalis
Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi lydekker, 1903

description: Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi Lydekker, 1903
Diagnosis
Lower parts of the legs pure white and unspotted, spots show a tendency to split up into stars, occipital pair of ossicones, one ES in the CR: 129 T=> C.
Type material
Holotype
KENYA • 1 specimen (mounted skin); Guasin-gisha Plateau east of Mount Elgon; NHMUK-1903.4.15.1.
Distribution
Western Ethiopia, Kenya (holotype), Uganda, South Sudan.
description: Published as part of Petzold, Alice, Magnant, Anne-Sophie, Edderai, David, Chardonnet, Bertrand, Rigoulet, Jacques, Saint-Jalme, Michel & Hassanin, Alexandre, 2020, First insights into past biodiversity of giraffes based on mitochondrial sequences from museum specimens, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 703 on page 23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.703, http://zenodo.org/record/3989669