cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Inclination of Galaxies embedded in Cosmic Sheets and its Cosmological Implications: An Analytic Calculation
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate analytically a large-scale coherence in the orientation of galaxies embedded in two-dimensional sheet-like structures in the frame of the tidal torque theory. Assuming that the galaxy spin and the surrounding matter fields are intrinsically aligned in accordance with the tidal torque model, we first derive analytically the probability distribution of the galaxy position angles, and evaluate the degree of their inclinations relative to the plane of the sheet. Then, we apply our analytic approach to the nearby spirals in the Local Super Cluster, and provide theoretical explanations about why and to what degree the nearby spirals are inclined relative to the supergalatic plane. Finally, we conclude that the observed large-scale coherence in the orientation of nearby spirals relative to the supergalactic plane can be quantitatively understood in terms of galaxy intrinsic alignment predicted by the tidal torque theory, and that the spins of luminous galaxies might be more strongly aligned with the surrounding matter than the underlying dark halos. If applied to large scale surveys like Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), our analytic approach will allow us to measure accurately the strength of galaxy intrinsic alignment which plays a role of statistical error in weak lensing searches and can be used as a fossil record to reconstruct cosmology.
description: accepted by the ApJ Letters, revised version, typos and mistakes corrected,12 pages, 3 figures
A Intensidade da Exploração Agropecuária como Indicador da Degradação Ambiental na Região dos Cerrados, Brasil
Creators: name: Cunha, Nina Rosa Da Silveira
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Braga, Marcelo Jose
name: Cunha, Nina Rosa Da Silveira
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Braga, Marcelo Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: environmental degradation
subject: intensity of agricultural exploration
subject: Savannah
subject: factorial analysis
subject: index of environmental degradation.

description: Being constituted as the largest risk factor and effective degradation to the Savannah, the man’s intervention in the nature and, especially, the agricultural exploration require analysis and better monitoring. This work aims to analyze the relationship between the agricultural exploration and the environmental degradation in the area of the Savannahs, in 1995-1996. In particular, it is intended, to use multivariate statistical analysis, to verify the factors associated with the intensity of farming predominant in the determination of the degradation pattern, and to obtain indexes of exploration intensity to make possible to categorize and to group the microrregions in terms of degradation potential. The results showed that the intensity of the agricultural exploration was characterized by the intensive use of the soil (agricultural exploration) and by mechanical and biochemistry technologies; by the intensity of cattle exploration; and other dimensions of the agriculture. The microrregions with larger degradation levels concentrated on the northwest of Minas Gerais, part of south of Goiás, and part of the southeast of Mato Grosso. The smallest mean values of the degradation index were due to Tocantins, Piauí and Maranhão. The largest index was from the microrregion of Primavera do Leste (MT) and the smallest, Jalapão (TO).
Diversificação produtiva e as possibilidades de desenvolvimento: um estudo da fruticultura na região da Campanha no RS
Creators: name: Rathmann, Regis
name: Hoff, Debora Nayar
name: Santos, Omar Inacio Benedetti
name: Padula, Antonio Domingos
name: Rathmann, Regis
name: Hoff, Debora Nayar
name: Santos, Omar Inacio Benedetti
name: Padula, Antonio Domingos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: regional development
subject: production diversification
subject: fruit production.

description: Studies indicate the existence of a situation of underdevelopment in the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul, directly correlated with the farming and rice culture crises. The later suffers from the macroeconomic policies linked to the opening of the economy and with the pressures of the increase of competitiveness. This process has made the region present inferior performances than State averages when indicators such as GDP and per capita income are analyzed. Seeking to reduce these inequalities, governmental sectors have been elaborating development strategies through the utilization of the regional agricultural vocation as well as the insertion of differentiated chains in local agribusiness. One of these experiences is the Program for the Development of Irrigated Fruit Culture in the Southern Half/RS. Within this context, this article has the objective of presenting the results observed in the GDP and HDI of two municipalities located in the Campanha Region of Rio Grande do Sul, and also to present the effects observed on the life quality of the producers after the implementation of fruit culture in their properties. Based on the data collected and the methodology chosen, it can be said that the productive diversification of rural properties contributes in the improvement of the producers’ life quality, having positive effects on the per capita GDP and HDI of the municipalities studied.
GeLaTO: Generative Latent Textured Objects
Creators: name: Martin-Brualla, Ricardo
name: Pandey, Rohit
name: Bouaziz, Sofien
name: Brown, Matthew
name: Goldman, Dan B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate modeling of 3D objects exhibiting transparency, reflections and thin structures is an extremely challenging problem. Inspired by billboards and geometric proxies used in computer graphics, this paper proposes Generative Latent Textured Objects (GeLaTO), a compact representation that combines a set of coarse shape proxies defining low frequency geometry with learned neural textures, to encode both medium and fine scale geometry as well as view-dependent appearance. To generate the proxies' textures, we learn a joint latent space allowing category-level appearance and geometry interpolation. The proxies are independently rasterized with their corresponding neural texture and composited using a U-Net, which generates an output photorealistic image including an alpha map. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by reconstructing complex objects from a sparse set of views. We show results on a dataset of real images of eyeglasses frames, which are particularly challenging to reconstruct using classical methods. We also demonstrate that these coarse proxies can be handcrafted when the underlying object geometry is easy to model, like eyeglasses, or generated using a neural network for more complex categories, such as cars.
description: ECCV 2020 Spotlight. Project website: https://gelato-paper.github.io
A critical engagement with Nancy Fraser’s theory of bivalent justice : implications for the BC Treaty Commission process
Creators: name: Kajlich, Helena
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores Nancy Fraser's reconceptualization of the relationship between claims for recognition and redistribution through an analysis of her theory of bivalent justice. Her framework is applied to the B C Treaty Commission process to assess its usefulness. This thesis also critically engages with two of the provincial Liberal government's principles for negotiating treaties with First Nations: first, the provincial government refuses to negotiate compensation for the wrongful infringements of First Nations' rights and second, self-government is recognised as a form of local government with delegated powers. In applying Fraser's theory of bivalent justice, which includes the core normative principle of participation parity and a model of status subordination, it is evident that the provincial government's mandate is inconsistent with the type of justice Fraser envisages. Rather, not only should compensation be part of the treaty process, but also, self-government should be negotiated as an inherent right, not as a right delegated from the federal and provincial government. There are, however, two other important challenges to the provincial government's mandate: first, from those First Nations who assert that the inherent right to self-government exists beyond the framework of the Canadian Constitution. The second challenge arises from an analysis of the trends of privatization. Such a critique exposes how the provincial government appropriates the objective of self-government for First Nations and represents it as being "municipal-like" in nature. Finally, I conclude that these discursive trends of privatization may expose an important limitation to Fraser's theory. That is, these discursive practices inhibit the implementation of transformative remedies that are crucial for working towards the type of justice Fraser proposes.
Análise da participação da agropecuária no PIB dos EUA de 1960 a 2001
Creators: name: Brugnaro, Ricardo
name: Bacha, Carlos Jose Caetano
name: Brugnaro, Ricardo
name: Bacha, Carlos Jose Caetano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: GDP
subject: agriculture importance
subject: econometric model
subject: The USA

description: This paper analyses the evolution of agriculture’s participation in the US gross domestic product (GDP) from 1960 to 2001. An econometric model is run in order to identify the main variables that determine this participation. From 1960 to 2001, there is a downward trend of agriculture’s participation in the US GDP with a break from 1971 to 1973, in other words, agriculture’s participation in the US GDP decreased from 1960 to 1970, increased from 1971 to 1973 and decreased again from 1973 to 2001. The 1971-1973´s break in the downward trend of agriculture’s participation is econometrically proved. Dataset organized in graphs show grain and meat production steadily enlarged from 1970 to 2001, what is closely related to the productivity increase and federal grants to agriculture, despite the ratio of received/paid prices decreased during this 31 years. An accounting model is presented to show the main variables that determine agriculture’s participation in a country’s GDP and an econometric model is derived from this accounting model. Running this econometric model with 1973-2001´s US dataset, the following variables are the most important to determine the participation of agriculture in the US GDP: received/paid prices ratio, lagged value of agriculture’s participation in the GDP, and total factor productivity of the agriculture.
Realization of Three Input Optical AND Gate in a 2D Photonic Crystal
Creators: name: Sonth, Mahesh V
name: Soma, Savita
name: Sanjaykumar C Gowre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 100506 Optical Fibre Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Proposed and designed a 2D (two- dimensional) photonic crystal (PhC) based three inputs optical AND gate. The proposed structure is designed by cascading two optical AND gates. Initially a two input AND gate is designed by creating a square ring resonator in a rectangular lattice structure, later two such AND gates are cascaded to realize the operation of three input AND gate. The size of this structure is 10μm*6μm with operating wavelength of 1550nm. We have obtained contrast ratio of 8.2dB for the designed AND gate. The threshold value for logic 1 is above 0.5.The size of the proposed structure is small and it is suitable for optical integrated circuits. Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method is used to calculate the bandgap and simulations are done by using and RSoft Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulator.
Nonlinear lattice relaxation of photoexcited diplatinum-halide chain compounds
Creators: name: Ohara, Jun
name: Yamamoto, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to reveal the relaxation mechanism of photogenerated charge-transfer excitations in quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged diplatinum complexes, we calculate the low-lying adiabatic potential energy surfaces of a one-dimensional extended Peierls-Hubbard model. High-energy excitations above the electron-hole continuum may relax into polarons, while excitons pumped within the optical gap are self-localized and then either decay by luminescence or divide into solitons. Neutral solitons, charged solitons, and polarons may be simultaneously photogenerated in a diplatinum-halide chain, which has never been observed in any conventional platinum-halide chain. Optical conductivity is also simulated along the decay paths for experimental verification.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Smooth complete toric threefolds with no nontrivial nef line bundles
Creators: name: Fujino, Osamu
name: Payne, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25; 14C20

description: We describe all of the smooth complete toric threefolds of Picard number 5 with no nontrivial nef line bundles, and show that no such examples exist with Picard number less than 5.
description: 8 pages. This is an improved version of the second author's preprint math.AG/0501204 v2: minor revisions. To appear in Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A
Comparative Analysis of Axis Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank with reference to NPA, Profit and Advances
Creators: name: Dr. Preeti Sharma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150299 Banking, Finance and Investment not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A well-built banking sector is significant for a prosperous economy. In a bank dominated economy such as India, the quality of assets of the banks is a crucial indicator of the financial health of the banking sector and hence, has important implications for the stability of the overall financial system. The loan portfolio held by banks mirrors the level of credit risk and efficiency in the allocation of bank funds. The general perception about a bank’s health is greatly determined by the level of non performing assets (NPAs) held in its books. It is, therefore, not surprising that the current spurt in NPAs in banks has been drawing a lot of attention of the policy makers and academicians alike. The gross non-performing asset (GNPA) ratio inched to 4.45 per cent as on March 15 this year, as compared to 4.1 per cent in March 2014, and the NNPAs have also climbed up from 2.2 per cent in March 2014 to 2.36% this year according to the latest data released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). According to credit rating firm CRISIL (dated May 13, 2015), the gross NPAs ratio of banks are slated to grow at 0.20 percent to 4.5 percent by March 2016. In this direction present paper is undertaken to make the comparison of NPAs between Axis Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank. NPAs have been analysed using Ratio method and selected statistical tool such as t-test.
Empirical Insights for Designing Information and Communication Technology for International Disaster Response
Creators: name: Stute, Milan
name: Maass, Max
name: Schons, Tom
name: Kaufhold, Marc-André
name: Reuter, Christian
name: Hollick, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the increase in natural disasters in the past years, Disaster Response Organizations (DROs) are faced with the challenge of coping with more and larger operations. Currently appointed Information and Communications Technology (ICT) used for coordination and communication is sometimes outdated and does not scale, while novel technologies have the potential to greatly improve disaster response efficiency. To allow adoption of these novel technologies, ICT system designers have to take into account the particular needs of DROs and characteristics of International Disaster Response (IDR). This work attempts to bring the humanitarian and ICT communities closer together. In this work, we analyze IDR-related documents and conduct expert interviews. Using open coding, we extract empirical insights and translate the peculiarities of DRO coordination and operation into tangible ICT design requirements. This information is based on interviews with active IDR staff as well as DRO guidelines and reports. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to serve as a reference for future ICT research endeavors to support and increase the efficiency of IDR operations.
Sementes crioulas: o estado da arte no Rio Grande do Sul
Creators: name: Pelwing, Andreia Becker
name: Frank, Lucia Brandao
name: Barros, Ingrid I. Bergman De
name: Pelwing, Andreia Becker
name: Frank, Lucia Brandao
name: Barros, Ingrid I. Bergman De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: landrace seeds
subject: agrobiodiversity
subject: family agriculture
subject: sustainability

description: This study investigated the state of the art of traditional, or landrace seeds in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. An ethnographic study was carried out by means of a non-statistical seed sampling in 13 farms from eight municipalities lying in the regions of the Greater Porto Alegre, Serra, Planalto Médio, Depressão Central and Serra do Sudeste. A broad diversity of ancient plants was observed. These species survive in the farms with the help of a seed bank. All in all, 39 plant species were characterized, distributed in 12 families, totaling 258 instances of landrace seeds grown in the farms visited. According to the farmers, the preference for landrace seeds is due chiefly to seed adaptability, better flavor and quality of the produce grown therefrom, valuablezation of customs and lower production costs. As regards seed upkeep, the most common difficulties mentioned were the lack of interest by the younger generations, and the obstacles in swapping and obtaining seeds. Alternatives to the upkeep of traditional seeds developed in different zones were also discussed as choices to plant conservation.
The study of co-integration and direction of causality among International trade, GDP and foreign exchange rate in India
Creators: name: Dr. Preeti Sharma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150202 Financial Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: India’s international trade is growing at a faster rate compared to the growth of GDP over the past two decades. As a result the ratio of international trade to GDP has gone up over the years. The magnitude of India’s international trade is usually dependent on several macro-economic factors. GDP is one of them. A large number of factors are responsible for effecting country’s trade in a significant manner. To find out the impact of these factors in international trade the current study has been undertaken. The paper focuses on India’s international trade dynamics under the influence of taken macro-economic variables. The paper aims to investigate the possible co-integration and direction of causality among Gross domestic product, international trade, and exchange rate in India (for the period of 1991-2018). Granger causality tests among international trade, GDP and foreign exchange rate (Indian rupee vs US $) has been applied after employing Phillip Perron test to check unit root in the series. Vector Auto regression test has been conducted to check the impact of lags (till lag 2) of taken variables on each other and OLS regression has been used to create the Model of international under taken variables.
Eco-eficiência na Produção de Cera de Carnaúba no Município de Campo Maior, Piauí, 2004
Creators: name: Carvalho, Francisco Prancacio Araujo De
name: Gomes, Jaira Maria Alcobaca
name: Carvalho, Francisco Prancacio Araujo De
name: Gomes, Jaira Maria Alcobaca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Carnauba wax. Eco-efficiency. Brazil Northeast. State of Piauí.

description: The Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E. Moore or “carnauba” generates a material from the leaves used in the wax production, raw material of countless industrial products. Brazil is the only producer of carnauba wax and the state of Piauí, an important influential. In this, the natural conditions of the district of Campo Maior favor the incidence of the carnauba and its historical tradition in the wax production, turned it a regional pole. The general goal is to analyze, in the carnauba wax production, the elements and the eco-efficiency indicators - economical efficiency associated with low environmental impact. The specific goals are : to evaluate, qualitatively, the materials and energy consumption, toxic substances emissions, existence of recycling of materials and use of renewable resources; to build and to analyze eco-efficiency indicators. The information and data originated from direct research in a wax industry that represented the technical pattern and the participation in the market in the State. The results show that the industrial production of wax affect the environment with intensive use of water, use of wood and diesel as energy source, chemical products consumption and pollutants emissions, however, it attends important eco-efficiency elements as the recycling of materials and consumption of renewable materials.
Gravitationally induced electromagnetism at the Compton scale
Creators: name: Rosquist, Kjell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that Einstein gravity tends to modify the electric and magnetic fields appreciably at distances of the order of the Compton wavelength. At that distance the gravitational field becomes spin dominated rather than mass dominated. The gravitational field couples to the electromagnetic field via the Einstein-Maxwell equations which in the simplest model causes the electrostatic field of charged spinning particles to acquire an oblate structure relative to the spin direction. For electrons and protons, a pure Coulomb field is therefore likely to be incompatible with general relativity at the Compton scale. In the simplest model, the magnetic dipole corresponds to the Dirac g-factor, g=2. Also, it follows from the form of the electric field that the electric dipole moment vanishes, in agreement with current experimental limits for the electron. Quantitatively, the classical Einstein-Maxwell theory predicts the magnetic and electric dipoles of the electron to an accuracy of about one part in 10^{-3} or better. Going to the next multipole order, one finds that the first non-vanishing higher multipole is the electric quadrupole moment which is predicted to be -124 barn for the electron. Any non-zero value of the electric quadrupole moment for the electron or the proton would be a clear sign of curvature due to the implied violation of rotation invariance. There is also a possible spherical modification of the Coulomb force proportional to r^{-4}. However, the size of this effect is well below current experimental limits. The corrections to the hydrogen spectrum are expected to be small but possibly detectable.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures: revised version published in Class. Quantum Grav. 23 (2006) 3111-3122; Conclusions unchanged
Avaliação de contratos: uma abordagem utilizando a Análise Fatorial de Correspondência
Creators: name: Freire Junior, Weimar Da Rocha
name: Carvalheiro, Elizangela Mara
name: Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo
name: Opazo, Miguel Angel Uribe
name: Freire Junior, Weimar Da Rocha
name: Carvalheiro, Elizangela Mara
name: Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo
name: Opazo, Miguel Angel Uribe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Contract
subject: transaction costs economy
subject: multivariate analysis.

description: This study, in the light of transaction cost theory, has assessed the contractual relationships, eliciting the contracts in the Brazilian agribusiness. By using the transaction attributes in their main vectors of the features in which give the possibility to design the government structure of the lower cost. The contracts present a government structure, which when they are widely considered to represent a variety of agreement among the economic agents. On this system, the analysis to be developed is going to adopt a statistic multivariate method, which is going to assess nine contracts mostly consonant with the agribusiness (five contracts on sales, three on franchising and one on agriculture joint venture). These relationships facilitate to emphasize which are the main fears of the economic agents when they not only make contractual relationship among them but also what is/are the transaction attribute(s) implicit in the established contracts. As a result, it was also observed the purchase and sale contracts of sugar cane (two), franchising of beverages, concrete made products, language schools and agriculture joint venture which are more linked to the specific commodities. Purchase and sale contract of sugar cane (one), manioc and sugar cane (three) direct to a frequency. Purchase and sale contracts of soybean are inclined to be more uncertain.
A Trend Analysis of Current Account Deficit and Its Determinants in India
Creators: name: Dr. Preeti Sharma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 159999 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150308 International Business

description: The growing requirement of India getting more integrated with the worldwide economy is pushing India’s engagement in International trade. India’s external sector continued to be buoyant and robust in 2017-18, as witnessed in the Economic Survey 2017-18. The cross border uncertainty in the financial markets has transmitted through the various channels such as trade, finance, and confidence. Due to globalization, the developing countries like India experiences detrimental pressure on its Balance of Payment (BoP). India’s balance of payments situation, which has been relaxed since 2013-14, sustained to be so in the first half of 2017-18, in spite of some growth in the Current Account Deficit (CAD) in the first quarter, with a relatively lower CAD in the second quarter. India’s CAD stood at US$7.2 billion (1.2 percent of GDP) in Q2 of 2017-18, narrowing sharply from US$ 15.0 billion (2.5 percent of GDP) in the preceding quarter. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the factors that influence the country’s Current Account Deficit. Research Methodology - This paper is based on secondary data, which is collected through various sources like report of RBI, IMF, and Economic Survey etc. This paper also explains the link between trade imbalances factors and its effect on currentand capital accounts of Indian Balance of Payment.
Heavy Particles from Inflation
Creators: name: Giudice, G. F.
name: Riotto, A.
name: Zaffaroni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a simple and efficient mechanism by which very heavy particles are copiously created from a primordial inflationary epoch. It works for scalar fields which are massless or very light during inflation and acquire a large mass right after the end of inflation. Such particles can exist in realistic scenarios, as we illustrate with several examples in the context of both field and string theory. Long-wavelength fluctuations of these fields are generated during inflation with an almost scale-invariant spectrum and may give the dominant contribution to the energy density of the heavy fields at late times. Applications of our results to superheavy dark matter and leptogenesis are discussed.
description: 23 pages
Deep frequency principle towards understanding why deeper learning is faster
Creators: name: Xu, Zhi-Qin John
name: Zhou, Hanxu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the effect of depth in deep learning is a critical problem. In this work, we utilize the Fourier analysis to empirically provide a promising mechanism to understand why feedforward deeper learning is faster. To this end, we separate a deep neural network, trained by normal stochastic gradient descent, into two parts during analysis, i.e., a pre-condition component and a learning component, in which the output of the pre-condition one is the input of the learning one. We use a filtering method to characterize the frequency distribution of a high-dimensional function. Based on experiments of deep networks and real dataset, we propose a deep frequency principle, that is, the effective target function for a deeper hidden layer biases towards lower frequency during the training. Therefore, the learning component effectively learns a lower frequency function if the pre-condition component has more layers. Due to the well-studied frequency principle, i.e., deep neural networks learn lower frequency functions faster, the deep frequency principle provides a reasonable explanation to why deeper learning is faster. We believe these empirical studies would be valuable for future theoretical studies of the effect of depth in deep learning.
Long term flaring activity of XRF 011030 observed with BeppoSAX
Creators: name: Galli, A.
name: Piro, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the spectral and temporal analysis of the X-ray flash XRF011030 observed with BeppoSAX. This event is characterized by a very long X-ray bursting activity that lasts about 1500 s, one of the longest ever observed by BeppoSAX. In particular, a precursor and a late flare are present in the light curve. We connect the late X-ray flare observed at about 1300 s to the afterglow emission observed by Chandra and associate it with the onset of the afterglow emission in the framework of external shock by a long duration engine activity. We find that the late X-ray flare and the broadband afterglow data, including optical and radio measurements, are consistent either with a fireball expanding in a wind environment or with a jetted fireball in an ISM.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 12 pages, 2 black and white figures, 15 color figures
Efficient quantum memory and entanglement between light and an atomic ensemble using magnetic fields
Creators: name: Muschik, Christine A.
name: Hammerer, Klemens
name: Polzik, Eugene S.
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two protocols, one for the storage of light in an atomic ensemble and the subsequent retrieval, and another one for the generation of entanglement between light and atoms. They rely on two passes of a single pulse through the ensemble, Larmor precessing in an external field. Both protocols work deterministically and the relevant figures of merit - such as the fidelity or the EPR variance - scale exponentially in the coupling strength. We solve the corresponding Maxwell-Bloch equations describing the scattering process and determine the resulting input-output relations which only involve one relevant light mode that, in turn, can be easily accessed experimentally.
Cross-correlation of the CMB and radio galaxies in real, harmonic and wavelet spaces: detection of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and dark energy constraints
Creators: name: Vielva, P.
name: Martinez-Gonzalez, E.
name: Tucci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of the ISW effect in wavelet space, at scales in the sky around 7 degrees with a significance of around 3.3 sigma, by cross-correlating the WMAP first-year data and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). In addition, we present a detailed comparison among the capabilities of three different techniques for two different objectives: to detect the ISW and to put constraints in the nature of the dark energy. The three studied techniques are: the cross-angular power spectrum (CAPS, harmonic space), the correlation function (CCF, real space) and the covariance of the Spherical Mexican Hat Wavelet (SMHW) coefficients (CSMHW, wavelet space). We prove that the CSMHW is expected to provide a higher detection of the ISW effect for a certain scale. This prediction has been corroborated by the analysis of the data. The SMHW analysis shows that the cross-correlation signal is caused neither by systematic effects nor foreground contamination. However, by taking into account the information encoded in all the multipoles/scales/angles, the CAPS provides slightly better constraints than the SMHW in the cosmological parameters that define the nature of the dark energy. The limits provided by the CCF are wider than for the other two methods. Two different cases have been studied: 1) a flat Lambda-CDM universe and 2) a flat universe with an equation of state parameter different from -1. In the first case, the CAPS provides (for a bias value of b = 1.6) 0.59 < Lambda density < 0.84 (at 1 sigma CL). Moreover, the CAPS rejects the range Lambda density < 0.1 at 3.5 sigma, which is the highest detection of the dark energy reported up to date. In the second case, the CAPS gives 0.50 < dark energy density < 0.82 and -1.16 < w < 0.43 (at 1 sigma CL).
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Analysis redone. Changes in the estimation of the cosmological parametres. Additional comparison between wavelets and more standard techniques
The Impacts of Biofuel Production on Food Prices: a review
Creators: name: Gerber, Nicolas
name: Van Eckert, Manfred
name: Breuer, Thomas
name: Gerber, Nicolas
name: Van Eckert, Manfred
name: Breuer, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The various calculations of the impacts of biofuel production on the mid-term projections of food and agricultural commodity prices are difficult to reconcile. This is largely due to the intricate set of assumptions, the differences in the baseline scenario and in the projection horizon they are built upon. For similar reasons, studies evaluating the impact of biofuel production on food and commodity prices to date do not provide a clear consensus. Rather than discussing the merits of the different assumptions and methodologies, this paper focuses on the global trends that can be extracted from the different sources. Agreed upon by all sources is the fact that between 2005 and 2007 many agricultural commodity prices increased sharply, especially nominal prices. The impact of commodity prices on final food prices affecting household food expenditures is less clear. Nonetheless, many food price indices (national CPIs, WB food price index and FAO food price index) have also risen over the same period. It is a fact that the increasing demand for feedstocks from the biofuel sector is one among several factors impacting on agricultural commodity prices. Other factors cited include poor harvests, the structural change in food demand in certain countries, population growth, high oil prices, or the devaluation of the US dollar. To calculate the longer term projected commodity prices, these factors are integrated in the simulations, which are then subjected to different biofuel production scenarios. These scenarios largely determine the extent of the biofuels’ impact on food and commodity prices. Despite considerable differences in projection results, methodologies and assumptions, some common trends can be observed. The latest EU and US biofuel programs and legislations are expected to have the largest impact on vegetable oils over the mid term, increasing world real prices by more than 30% between 2011 and 2016. The impacts on prices are generally projected as lesser (+3 to 15%) for commodities such as wheat, corn and soybean, whilst the price of oilseed meals (an important part of fodder markets and a by-product of vegetable oil production) is predicted to decline (-11 to -17%) due to the increase in vegetable oil production. A (hypothetical) freezing of biofuel production at the 2007 levels predicts a decline in cassava, oils, sugar and wheat prices by less than 10% between 1997 and 2020. The price decreases would reach 10 to 20% had biofuel production completely stopped in 2007. The magnitude of the impacts is more contrasted when looking at real regional prices, but across all given regions biofuel mandates and targets are projected to impact oilseed prices most strongly (+25 to +72%), followed by grain prices (+5 to +21%).
Dinamiche del commercio internazionale dell'olio di oliva italiano: un'analisi prospettica
Creators: name: Finco, Adele
name: Padella, Monica
name: Di Pronio, Guido
name: Pollonara, Mirco
name: Finco, Adele
name: Padella, Monica
name: Di Pronio, Guido
name: Pollonara, Mirco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Italian Olive Oil
subject: Food-Trade
subject: Gravity Models
subject: Export Analysis

description: The paper analyses the dynamics of the Italian olive oil trade and gives a preliminary explanation of the opportunity in the international market. The paper starts showing the description of olive oil chain and production and underlining the main factors affecting the import export system. The aim of this work is to explain the magnitude of the trade flows for olive oil from Italy to its main importing countries. This objective has been reached by establishing an appropriate econometric model derived from an extended form of the “Gravity Model”. This model has been broadly applied to the analysis of international trade because it provides robust estimates. The results obtained and the model itself are useful in forecasting potential trends in the exportation of high quality Italian olive oil.
Evidence for Strange Quark Contributions to the Nucleon's Form Factors at $Q^2$ = 0.108 (GeV/c)$^2$
Creators: name: Maas, F. E.
name: Aulenbacher, K.
name: Baunack, S.
name: Capozza, L.
name: Diefenbach, J.
name: Gläser, B.
name: Hammel, T.
name: von Harrach, D.
name: Imai, Y.
name: Kabuß, E. -M.
name: Kothe, R.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Lorente, A.
name: Schilling, E.
name: Schwaab, D.
name: Sikora, M.
name: Stephan, G.
name: Weber, G.
name: Weinrich, C.
name: Altarev, I.
name: Arvieux, J.
name: El-Yakoubi, M.
name: Frascaria, R.
name: Kunne, R.
name: Morlet, M.
name: Ong, S.
name: van de Wiele, J.
name: Kowalski, S.
name: Plaster, B.
name: Suleiman, R.
name: Taylor, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons with the A4 apparatus at MAMI in Mainz at a four momentum transfer value of $Q^2$ = \Qsquare (GeV/c)$^2$ and at a forward electron scattering angle of 30$^\circ < θ_e < 40^\circ$. The measured asymmetry is $A_{LR}(\vec{e}p)$ = (\Aphys $\pm$ \Deltastat$_{stat}$ $\pm$ \Deltasyst$_{syst}$) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$. The expectation from the Standard Model assuming no strangeness contribution to the vector current is A$_0$ = (\Azero $\pm$ \DeltaAzero) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$. We have improved the statistical accuracy by a factor of 3 as compared to our previous measurements at a higher $Q^2$. We have extracted the strangeness contribution to the electromagnetic form factors from our data to be $G_E^s$ + \FakGMs $G_M^s$ = \GEsGMs $\pm $ \DeltaGEsGMs at $Q^2$ = \Qsquare (GeV/c)$^2$. As in our previous measurement at higher momentum transfer for $G_E^s$ + 0.230 $G_M^s$, we again find the value for $G_E^s$ + \FakGMs $G_M^s$ to be positive, this time at an improved significance level of 2 $σ$.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Deformed dispersion relations and the Hanbury--Brown--Twiss Effect
Creators: name: Camacho, Abel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we analyze the possibility of detecting some deformed dispersion relations, emerging in some quantum--gravity models, resorting to the so--called Hanbury--Brown--Twiss effect. It will be proved that in some scenarios the possibilities are not pessimistic. Forsooth, for some values of the corresponding parameters the aforementioned effect could render interesting outcomes.
description: Accepted in General Relativity and Gravitation
Study on State-of-the-art Cloud Services Integration Capabilities with Autonomous Ground Vehicles
Creators: name: Damacharla, Praveen
name: Mehta, Dhwani
name: Javaid, Ahmad Y
name: Devabhaktuni, Vijay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computing and intelligence are substantial requirements for the accurate performance of autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs). In this context, the use of cloud services in addition to onboard computers enhances computing and intelligence capabilities of AGVs. In addition, the vast amount of data processed in a cloud system contributes to overall performance and capabilities of the onboard system. This research study entails a qualitative analysis to gather insights on the applicability of the leading cloud service providers in AGV operations. These services include Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Amazon AWS, and IBM Cloud. The study begins with a brief review of AGV technical requirements that are necessary to determine the rationale for identifying the most suitable cloud service. The qualitative analysis studies and addresses the applicability of the cloud service over the proposed generalized AGV's architecture integration, performance, and manageability. Our findings conclude that a generalized AGV architecture can be supported by state-of-the-art cloud service, but there should be a clear line of separation between the primary and secondary computing needs. Moreover, our results show significant lags while using cloud services and preventing their use in real-time AGV operation.
Line profile variability in the spectra of Oef stars: II. HD192281, HD14442 and HD14434
Creators: name: De Becker, M.
name: Rauw, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the very first analysis of the spectroscopic variability of the three rapidly rotating Oef stars HD192281 (O5(ef)), HD14442 (O5.5ef) and HD14434 (O6.5(ef)). Radial velocities of the HeII lambda 4541 line reveal no evidence of binarity on time scales of a few days, or from one year to the next, for any of the targets. The HeII lambda 4686 double-peaked emission and, to some extent, the Hbeta absorption line display significant profile variability in the spectra of all three stars. Data gathered during different observing runs spread over six years reveal a rather stable time scale for HD192281 and HD14442, whereas the variability pattern changes significantly from one year to the other. The case of HD14434 is less clear as no obvious time scale emerges from our analysis. In a temptative way to interpret this variability, stellar rotation remains a possible clock for HD192281 and HD14442. However, currently available models addressing stellar rotation fail to explain some crucial aspects of the observed variability behaviour, which appear to be even more complex in the case of HD14434.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures (8 postscript and 4 gif), accepted by A&A
Analisi dell'impatto degli accordi euromediterranei sulla competitività dell'ortofrutta italiana: alcuni risultati
Creators: name: Castellini, Alessandra
name: Pisano, Cinzia
name: Castellini, Alessandra
name: Pisano, Cinzia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: EU-med Agreements
subject: Italian Market
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Fruits and Vegetables
subject: Gravity Models

description: Since 1995, the Barcelona Process aims to establish a free trade area between Mediterranean countries by 2010. The most commercialized products from Mediterranean countries are fruit and vegetables. The agreement defines, only for some products, preferences at the entrance of the EU market, limited concession for each partner for single products, limited quantities and calendars. This work tries to analyse the impact of the liberalization on the Italian products applying a gravity model in order to asses the Italian import flows from eight Mediterranean countries which signed the Barcelona agreement. The econometric estimation includes fruit and vegetables at the aggregate level and some specified products that enter in competition with typical Italian Mediterranean production such as citrus, melons, potatoes and tomatoes. Since these Mediterranean countries appear as a highly heterogeneous block related to historical, cultural, political and geographical factors, the gravity equation controls these factors by an augmented gravity equation.
An SO(10) GUT With See-Saw Masses For All Fermions
Creators: name: Desai, Bipin R.
name: Rajasekaran, G.
name: Sarkar, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an SO(10) grand unified theory which has the simplest Higgs structure discussed so far in the literature. We include only two Higgs scalars, a 210-plet and a 16-plet. In addition to the regular fermions we include one singlet, whose mass term breaks chiral symmetry, so that fermions can get masses. All fermions acquire see-saw masses, since there are no Higgs bi-doublets. Required neutrino masses with large mixing as well as leptogenesis are possible in this model.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures