cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interferometry using squeezed thermal states and even or odd states
Creators: name: Tan, Qing-Shou
name: Liao, Jie-Qiao
name: Wang, Xiaoguang
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general expression of the quantum Fisher information for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the port inputs of an \emph{arbitrary} pure state and a squeezed thermal state. We find that the standard quantum limit can be beaten, when even or odd states are applied to the pure-state port. In particular, when the squeezed thermal state becomes a thermal state, all the even or odd states have the same quantum Fisher information for given photon numbers. For a squeezed thermal state, optimal even or odd states are needed to approach the Heisenberg limit. As examples, we consider several common even or odd states: Fock states, even or odd coherent states, squeezed vacuum states, and single-photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum states. We also demonstrate that super-precision can be realized by implementing the parity measurement for these states.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Phys. Rev. A in press
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARMS COMPANY
Creators: name: Oziębło, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The main objective of the article is to conduct a strategic analysis of an arms company from the defense industry sector selected from a group of companies belonging to Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa S.A. The article attempts to verify the following research hypothesis: It should be presumed that the appropriate selection of methods of strategic analysis contributes to a more objective determination of the development potential of an entity from the arms industry. This can lead to stable company development and increase the competitiveness of arms companies. A strategic analysis of the company was conducted based on the PEST method, Porter's five forces method, strategic balance and SWOT/TOWS analysis. A synthesis of the findings of the research methods used was made.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Complete sets of observables in pseudoscalar-meson photoproduction
Creators: name: Vrancx, Tom
name: Ryckebusch, Jan
name: Nys, Jannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudoscalar-meson photoproduction is characterized by four complex reaction amplitudes. A complete set is a minimum theoretical set of observables that allow to determine these amplitudes unambiguously. It is studied whether complete sets remain complete when experimental uncertainty is involved. To this end, data from the GRAAL Collaboration and simulated data from a realistic model, both for the $γp \to K^+ Λ$ reaction, are analyzed in the transversity representation of the reaction amplitudes. It is found that only the moduli of the transversity amplitudes can be determined without ambiguity but not the relative phases.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. MENU 2013 - 13th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon
Relaxation Dynamics of Photoexcited Charge Carriers at the Bi(111) Surface
Creators: name: Bronner, Christopher
name: Tegeder, Petra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bi possesses intriguing properties due to its large spin-orbit coupling, e.g. as a constituent of topological insulators. While its electronic structure and the dynamics of electron-phonon coupling have been studied in the past, photo-induced charge carriers have not been observed in the early phases of their respective relaxation pathways. Using two-photon photoemission (2PPE) we follow the de-excitation pathway of electrons along the unoccupied band structure and into a bulk hole pocket. Two decay channels are found, one of which involves an Auger process. In the hole pocket, the electrons undergo an energetic stabilization and recombine with the corresponding holes with an inverse rate of 2.5~ps. Our results contribute to the understanding of the charge carrier relaxation processes immediately upon photo-excitation, particularly along the $ΓT$-line where the electron dynamics have not been probed with time-resolved 2PPE so far.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
PRODUCT AND PURCHASING STRATEGY OF EQUIPMENT AND ARMAMENTS OF THE POLISH ARMED FORCES
Creators: name: Nowakowska-Krystman, Aneta
name: Chmielarczyk, Krzysztof
name: Sośnicki, Marek
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The current political situation in the world, marked by the conventional military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, growing contradictions and the desire to redefine the international order obviously translate into increased interest in the armaments market. The authors undertook to work out the issue related to the definition of a new battlefield, factors determining the demand for weapons. This topic is particularly relevant at the time of the current events beyond Poland’s eastern border. Military threats resulting from the geographic location and neighborhood of Poland clearly place us as an important, geostrategic player. Only a modernly equipped army is able to ensure the security and integrity of its borders and this modern equipment should be produced domestically as much as possible. The questions that the article tried to answer concern the following: what product and purchase strategy should be implemented by the Polish Armed Forces to face current and future threats? And what should be the direction of implementation of equipment and armaments based on the most modern solutions for production. Therefore, four concepts of building a strategy and the conditions determining its development were presented, in particular from the angle of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Terahertz emission from AC Stark-split asymmetric intersubband transitions
Creators: name: Shammah, Nathan
name: Phillips, Chris C.
name: De Liberato, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitions between the two states of an AC Stark-split doublet are forbidden in centro-symmetric systems, and thus almost impossible to observe in experiments performed with atomic clouds. However, electrons trapped in nanoscopic heterostructures can behave as artificial atoms, with the advantage that the wavefunction symmetry can be broken by using asymmetric confining potentials. Here we develop the many-body theory describing the intra-doublet emission of a resonantly pumped intersubband transition in a doped asymmetric quantum well, showing that in such a system the intra-doublet emission can be orders of magnitude higher than in previously studied systems. This emission channel, which lies in the terahertz range, and whose frequency depends upon the pump power, opens the way to the realization of a new class of monolithic and tunable terahertz emitters.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
DETERMINANTS OF THE ARMAMENT INDUSTRY STRATEGY IN THE TIME OF WAR AND UNREST
Creators: name: Antczak, Joanna
name: Stolarz, Adam
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The geopolitical situation after February 24, 2022 changed rapidly. The issues of globalization and industrial linkages have taken on new importance. Cooperation in supply chains is no longer based solely on cost minimization. The economic aspect was relegated to the background in favor of the availability of raw materials and goods. Against this background, the arms industry is taking on a new dimension and its effectiveness, operational efficiency and innovation become the conditions for maintaining a sense of security within NATO and the European Union. The aim of this article is an attempt to identify the determinants of the armaments industry strategy of the times of war and unrest. The speed of action becomes a determinant of the armaments industry functioning. It is necessary to cooperate with enterprises that were not active in the processes of arms production so far.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR DEFENSE PURPOSES
Creators: name: Daniluk, Piotr
name: Burchert-Perlińska, Beata
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The article presents an analysis of the selected, considered key, technologies development affecting the military area. The authors of the analysis started from the assumption that nowadays, it is the commercial technology that should determine the development of technology used for military purposes. This is due to the fact that the biggest driver of technology development is the market game - that is, competition. The greatest market potential lies in the diversity and scale that characterizes the civilian market. Only from the set of solutions used commercially can policy-makers and military decision-makers choose the right ones for military applications. The analysis presented here drew heavily on examples of this phenomenon which can be seen in the ongoing war in Ukraine. The set of emerging tendencies is defined in 4 trends - dispersion, sharing, convergence and miniaturization. They provide timeless guidelines for the way of thinking in the light of exponentially occurring changes in the field of technology. Such a change in commanders' thinking should be the challenge of the RMA (Revolution of Military Affairs) implementation process. This means new challenges for commander education where knowledge of tactics becomes as important as understanding the capabilities of network technologies.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Towards a high-precision measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment
Creators: name: Smorra, C.
name: Blaum, K.
name: Franke, K.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Mooser, A.
name: Nagahama, H.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Quint, W.
name: Schneider, G.
name: Van Gorp, S.
name: Walz, J.
name: Yamazaki, Y.
name: Ulmer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observation of single spins flips with a single proton in a Penning trap opens the way to measure the proton magnetic moment with high precision. Based on this success, which has been achieved with our apparatus at the University of Mainz, we demonstrated recently the first application of the so called double Penning-trap method with a single proton. This is a major step towards a measurement of the proton magnetic moment with ppb precision. To apply this method to a single trapped antiproton our collaboration is currently setting up a companion experiment at the antiproton decelerator of CERN. This effort is recognized as the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE). A comparison of both magnetic moment values will provide a stringent test of CPT invariance with baryons.
description: Submitted to LEAP 2013 conference proceedings
LOGISTICS IN TODAY’S AIRFORCE SHAPE OF MANEUVER
Creators: name: Prokopowicz, Wojciech
name: Łukowski, Dariusz
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: In the era of dynamically developing unmanned systems and standoff ammunition, special attention should be concentrated on a new way to increase the viability of aviation differ from the concept of centralized single-capability air bases with advanced anti-aircraft systems. The concept of diversification of airports and landing sites, with the simultaneous location of multi-domain aviation task forces there, creates information saturation of the potential enemy and increases survivability of the force. Air bases become centers responsible for development of capabilities in order to establish properly prepared air forces task groups, capable to operate both closer to the FEBA (Forward Edge of Battle Area) and deeper into the own territory. This requires the creation of decentralized appropriate multi-domain logistics support systems. Provision based on autonomous logistic elements composed with resource packages located at appropriate operation level to firmly, flexibly and quickly secure aviation operations. The key is to depart from the philosophy of conducting operations, using specialized task groups of people and equipment, towards comprehensive multimodal and modular packages of combat and logistic capabilities.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
What hard probes tell us about the quark-gluon plasma: Theory
Creators: name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of the quark-gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, hard and electromagnetic (EM) processes play an essential role as probes of the properties of the dense medium. They can be used to study a wide range of properties of the dense medium in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, from space-time profiles of the dense matter, bulk transport coefficients to EM responses and the jet transport parameter. I review in this talk these medium properties, how they can be studied through hard and EM probes and the status of recent theoretical and phenomenological investigations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, plenary talk at the 6th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2013)
Inequalities à la Frölicher and cohomological decompositions
Creators: name: Angella, Daniele
name: Tomassini, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q99, 53D05, 53D18

description: We study Bott-Chern and Aeppli cohomologies of a vector space endowed with two anti-commuting endomorphisms whose square is zero. In particular, we prove an inequality à la Frölicher relating the dimensions of the Bott-Chern and Aeppli cohomologies to the dimensions of the Dolbeault cohomologies. We prove that the equality in such an inequality à la Frölicher characterizes the validity of the so-called cohomological property of satisfying the $\partial\overline{\partial}$-Lemma. As an application, we study cohomological properties of compact either complex, or symplectic, or, more in general, generalized-complex manifolds.
description: to appear in J. Noncommut. Geom
A VISUAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNICATION PERSUASIVE FUNCTION IN THE COVERAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION VICTORY DAY PARADE
Creators: name: Władyka-Łuczak, Zofia
name: Dobrosz, Karolina
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: This article is an attempt to present the visual persuasive mechanisms observed in official communications of the Russian Federation on the example of materials published on the website of the President of Russia (Russian: Президент России) concerning the events related to the Victory Day celebrations. After Vladimir Putin came to power - since the military parade in 2005, i.e. on the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe - it became the most important national holiday and a high-profile social event in Russia. The material analyzed in this paper illustrates the events that took place in Red Square in 2022, being even more interesting - as the paper’s authors intended- when realizing the historical and geopolitical context in which they were set. The starting point of the conducted visuality analyses was the tradition of Soviet avant-garde art of the first decades of the twentieth century, understood after Wassily Kandinsky as the relationship in which the point and the line remain in relation to the plane (Kandinsky 1986). It has been shown that in the visual messages presented, a conscious and planned management of the observer’s perceptual processes is carried out using these tools (point, line and division of planes). The dynamics of points and lines distribution on the plane, the perspective used, the way the narrative is built, geometrization and symmetry - in our understanding - in terms of visual propaganda mechanisms of strength, power and unity of the Russian Federation.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
THE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF MENDASIOUS INFORMATION IN SECURITY POLICY
Creators: name: Adamkiewicz, Marek
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The article argues that information in security policy is a function of the prevailing political system and public relations that determine the mode of communication, intentions, expectations and necessities of ruling. If satrapy dominates, information has a manipulative dimension, while when democracy is the warp of the state and the organization of social structures, manipulation of news is subject to control. Thus the quality and reliability of information serving security is determined by the type of organization of social and state life which may take a democratic, despotic, authoritarian or totalitarian form. Depending on the prevailing order information is adapted to its nature. But the pathological and dangerous dimension of information appears only in a satrapy which takes politicosteria (dictatorship’s banditry) as the proper expression of the political system. This in turn is based on privileges and benefits that determine the network of mutual connections and ways of access to wealth. After all, to ensure it, a despotic security policy is needed which is affirmed by conformists who agree to undemocratic governments if they provide a stabilized, albeit captive (apparent) existence. In other words, the satrapy and its politicians include in their strategy both the humiliation of their allies and the suffering of their opponents depicted in persecution, harassment, solitary confinement and, in its extreme form, assassination. But in order to justify repression both outside and inside the anti-democratic system, manipulative information is needed. And its direct cause, however, is access to an existence of prosperity, for which every lie and information bluff is a guarantee for survival. Thus, in order to keep the wealth and privileges, politicians must lie as long as they can and to whom they can. It is because lying serves their security that is equal to the security of the state because the country’s resources are appropriated by politicians. The alternative to politicostery is ethics as the power of conscience safeguards the truth about social relations. The discussion here takes Russia as an example, although the views presented can be applied to any other autarky.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Estimating Franck-Condon factors using an NMR quantum processor
Creators: name: Joshi, Sharad
name: Shukla, Abhishek
name: Katiyar, Hemant
name: Hazra, Anirban
name: Mahesh, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction of molecules with light may lead to electronic transitions and simultaneous vibrational excitations. Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) play an important role in quantifying the intensities of such vibronic transitions occurring during molecular photo-excitations. In this article, we describe a general method for estimating FCFs using a quantum information processor. The method involves the application of a translation operator followed by the measurement of certain projections. We also illustrate the method by experimentally estimating FCFs with the help of a three-qubit NMR quantum information processor. We describe two methods for the measurement of projections - (i) using diagonal tomography and (ii) using Moussa protocol. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theory.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
DISINFORMATION IN THE AGE OF THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION IN THE ASPECT OF STATE SECURITY
Creators: name: Załoga, Wiesława
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The main purpose of the article is to diagnose the awareness and attitudes of respondents towards the fake news and disinformation on the Internet. The following hypothesis was set within the framework of the presented objective: the phenomenon of disinformation contributes to the creation of a sense of threat and arousal of social unrest. Two research approaches were used in the research process - the first was based on quantitative study using a questionnaire as a method of data collection, and the second was relied on general content analysis of the literature on the subject and netographic content. The findings of the research allowed to determine the priority measures for taking action against disinformation. The assumptions of the article correspond to the current challenges in the issue of fighting disinformation and thus establishing strategies to counter disinformation. The main research limitations were the restricted sample size, limited generalizability in the conducted analysis of the content of the literature, and the broad scope of the study resulting from the areas of knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding awareness of disinformation presence on the Internet.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Performance of a Coupled Arctic Climate Model Compared to MOSAiC Observations and its Sensitivity to a Change in Snow Thermal Conductivity
Creators: name: Röntgen, Leonie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Climate models like the coupled Arctic atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model HIRHAM-NAOSIM are helpful to gain a deeper understanding of Arctic Amplification and interactions between atmosphere, ocean and sea ice. HIRHAM-NAOSIM is evaluated in Arctic winter compared to data from the MOSAiC expedition for February 2020.
 A warm surface temperature bias of more than 5°C during clear-sky conditions is discussed in terms of modeled surface energy budget, clouds and atmospheric stability. HIRHAM-NAOSIM's control run underestimates the stable atmospheric stratification and has a positive bias in liquid water path and longwave radiation during observed clear-sky time periods.
 Though the positive longwave radiative bias outweighs the impact of a changed snow thermal conductivity and the positive temperature bias during radiatively clear state remains, a halved conductivity of 0.15 Wm-1K-1 reduces the simulated surface temperature by up to 5°C and causes a higher occurrence of stable atmospheric conditions.
LAW OF 11 MARCH 2022 ON HOMELAND DEFENSE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CYBERSECURITY OF POLAND
Creators: name: Kobielski, Piotr
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: On March 11, 2022, Polish parliament, the Sejm passed the Law on Homeland Defense. The Law replaces 14 other legal acts in the field of military law. The main goal of the Law was to prepare the Polish Armed Forces for the processes of rapid increase in the manpower and technical modernization, also due to the current geopolitical context related to the war in Ukraine. The Law is extensive. Although the improvement of Poland’s cybersecurity was not its primary goal, the Law introduces a number of solutions that undoubtedly pursue such a goal. This paper discusses selected issues in the field of cybersecurity included in the Law, and regarding the method of defining the cyberspace, organization and tasks of the Cyberspace Defense Forces, including the so-called proactive protection and active defense, as well as the competence of military authorities to access and manage data.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
Evaluating functions of positive-definite matrices using colored noise thermostats
Creators: name: Nava, Marco
name: Ceriotti, Michele
name: Dryzun, Chaim
name: Parrinello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many applications in computational science require computing the elements of a function of a large matrix. A commonly used approach is based on the the evaluation of the eigenvalue decomposition, a task that, in general, involves a computing time that scales with the cube of the size of the matrix. We present here a method that can be used to evaluate the elements of a function of a positive-definite matrix with a scaling that is linear for sparse matrices and quadratic in the general case. This methodology is based on the properties of the dynamics of a multidimensional harmonic potential coupled with colored noise generalized Langevin equation (GLE) thermostats. This "$f-$thermostat" (FTH) approach allows us to calculate directly elements of functions of a positive-definite matrix by carefully tailoring the properties of the stochastic dynamics. We demonstrate the scaling and the accuracy of this approach for both dense and sparse problems and compare the results with other established methodologies.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Mean curvature flow with surgery
Creators: name: Haslhofer, Robert
name: Kleiner, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a new proof for the existence of mean curvature flow with surgery of 2-convex hypersurfaces in $R^N$, as announced in arXiv:1304.0926. Our proof works for all $N \geq 3$, including mean convex surfaces in $R^3$. We also derive a priori estimates for a more general class of flows in a local and flexible setting.
Microservice-based Reference Architecture for Semantics-aware Measurement Systems
Creators: name: Braun, Eric
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020

description: Cloud technologies have become more important than ever with the rising need for scalable and distributed software systems. A pattern that is used in many such systems is a microservice-based architecture (MSA). MSAs have become a blueprint for many large companies and big software systems. In many scientific fields like energy and environmental informatics, efficient and scalable software systems with a primary focus on measurement data are a core requirement. Nowadays, there are many ways to solve research questions using data-driven approaches. Most of them have a need for large amounts of measurement data and according metadata. However, many measurement systems still follow deprecated guidelines such as monolithic architectures, classic relational database principles and are missing semantic awareness and interpretation of data. These problems and the resulting requirements are tackled by the introduction of a reference architecture with a focus on measurement systems that utilizes the principles of microservices. The thesis first presents the systematic design of the reference architecture by using the principles of Domain-driven Design (DDD). This process ensures that the reference architecture is defined in a modular and sustainable way in contrast to complex monolithic software systems. An extensive scientific analysis leads to the core parts of the concept consisting of the data management and semantics for measurement systems. Different data services define a concept for managing measurement data, according meta data and master data describing the business objects of the application implemented by using the reference architecture. Further concepts allow the reference architecture to define a way for the system to understand and interpret the data using semantic information. Lastly, the introduction of a frontend framework for dashboard applications represents an example for visualizing the data managed by the microservices.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONDUCTED PREVENTIVE AND PROACTIVE MEASURES INCREASING THE SAFETY OF THE COMPANY
Creators: name: Bartosiewicz, Sławomir
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The final part of the developed article presents the results of the conducted research and proposals for the practical use of the developed econometric cost model as a tool for cost analysis. Furthermore, the application of this econometric model enabled the author to analyze the factors influencing the level of costs incurred for preventive measures and for ensuring the safety of the storage system in the company X through the application of preventive and proactive measures adequate to the scale of the problem. As a consequence, such a procedure made it possible to obtain information fully useful in the daily operations of the company X. In conclusion, reference is made to the extent to which the adopted objective has been met and final conclusions are provided.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY MANAGEMENT ANTI-DRONE SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Pietrek, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The problem area outlined in the article is the existence and effectiveness of anti-drone systems used to protect the state's critical infrastructure (CI). For the purposes of the study, the following research objective was defined: assessment of the possibility of introducing anti-drone systems in critical infrastructure entities. In the next stage, the following research problem was defined: What are the needs and possibilities of developing and applying anti-drone systems to protect the state's critical infrastructure? The following sentence was adopted as the research hypothesis: Due to the growing threats generated by drones, CI protection systems are needed against them, it is necessary to develop and put into use effective anti-drone systems. In order to achieve the outlined goals, solve problems and verify research hypotheses, the author mainly used the following theoretical methods: literature analysis, legal acts analysis, synthesis, analysis (inductive and deductive), abstraction, comparison and inference. The inference was based on the SWOT analysis, a method from the group of strategic management.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
On the Construction and the Cardinality of Finite $σ$-Fields
Creators: name: Vellaisamy, P.
name: Ghosh, S.
name: Sreehari, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 28A05, Secondary: 60A05

description: In this note, we first discuss some properties of generated $σ$-fields and a simple approach to the construction of finite $σ$-fields. It is shown that the $σ$-field generated by a finite class of $σ$-distinct sets which are also atoms, is the same as the one generated by the partition induced by them. The range of the cardinality of such a generated $σ$-field is explicitly obtained. Some typical examples and their complete forms are discussed. We discuss also a simple algorithm to find the exact cardinality of some particular finite $σ$-fields. Finally, an application of our results to statistics, with regard to independence of events, is pointed out.
description: 16 pages. Journal of Analysis (2012)
THE RISK OF DISRUPTIONS IN SUPPLY CHAINS AFFECTING THE STRATEGIC SECURITY OF THE ORGANIZATION (STATE)
Creators: name: Krupnik, Dorota
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: The article is devoted to the problem of safe supplies in crisis situations in selected organizations of the health care sector. An attempt was made to answer the question to what extent, for example, the implementation of the ISO 28000-based model can assist organizations in managing the security of the supply chain, especially in crisis situations. What actions should be taken to maintain the supply chain security management system or what solutions can be introduced to the identified processes affecting the functioning of the supply chain? The essence is to emphasize the role of the supply chain management system, based on specific requirements, in maintaining an appropriate level of security, especially during a crisis. To what extent can requirements focusing on the flow of process control activities ensure supply chain security?
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
THE IMPACT OF CITIZENS’ CYBERSECURITY ON THE STATE SECURITY LEVEL
Creators: name: Jurek, Michał
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2022

description: In the heavily computerized world based on networks (e.g., social or computer networks) and IT tools, the level of security of citizens in cyberspace will play an increasingly important role in ensuring state security. In fact, cyber threats may affect not only individual units, but also entire systems composed of diverse components. The purpose of this paper is to indicate what effect the actions taken by citizens in cyberspace have on state security. Therefore, it is necessary to find answers to the following questions: Can citizens significantly affect the level of state security? How can the actions taken by citizens in cyberspace influence the formation of the level of state security? The author used the following research methods in his research: system approach, comparison, inference, analogy, abstraction and generalization.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 280 Nr 3 (2022)
High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: A Glimpse of the Promised Land
Creators: name: Spiering, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2012, physicists and astronomers celebrated the hundredth anniversary of the detection of cosmic rays by Viktor Hess. One year later, in 2013, there was first evidence for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrinos, i.e. for signal which may contain key information on the origin of cosmic rays. That evidence is provided by data taken with the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole. First concepts to build a detector of this kind have been discussed at the 1973 International Cosmic Ray Conference. Nobody would have guessed at that time that the march towards first discoveries would take forty years, the biblical time of the march from Egypt to Palestine. But now, after all, the year 2013 has provided us a first glimpse to the promised land of the neutrino universe at highest energies. This article sketches the evolution towards detectors with a realistic discovery potential, describes the recent relevant results obtained with the IceCube and ANTARES neutrino telescopes and tries a look into the future.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures. Talk given at the session of the Russian Academy of Science dedicated to Bruno Pontecorvo, Dubna, Sept. 2013
Evolution of Cool Close Binaries -- Rapid Mass Transfer and Near Contact Binaries
Creators: name: Stepien, Kazimierz
name: Kiraga, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We test the evolutionary model of cool close binaries on the observed properties of near contact binaries (NCBs). Those with a more massive component filling the Roche lobe are SD1 binaries whereas in SD2 binaries the Roche lobe filling component is less massive. Our evolutionary model assumes that, following the Roche lobe overflow by the more massive component (donor), mass transfer occurs until mass ratio reversal. A binary in an initial phase of mass transfer, before mass equalization, is identified with SD1 binary. We show that the transferred mass forms an equatorial bulge around the less massive component (accretor). Its presence slows down the mass transfer rate to the value determined by the thermal time scale of the accretor, once the bulge sticks out above the Roche lobe. It means, that in a binary with a (typical) mass ratio of 0.5 the SD1 phase lasts at least 10 times longer than resulting from the standard evolutionary computations neglecting this effect. This is why we observe so many SD1 binaries. Our explanation is in contradiction to predictions identifying the SD1 phase with a broken contact phase of the Thermal Relaxation Oscillations model. The continued mass transfer, past mass equalization, results in mass ratio reversed. SD2 binaries are identified with this phase. Our model predicts that the time scales of SD1 and SD2 phases are comparable to one another. Analysis of the observations of 22 SD1 binaries, 27 SD2 binaries and 110 contact binaries (CBs) shows that relative number of both types of NCBs favors similar time scales of both phases of mass transfer. Total masses, orbital angular momenta and orbital periods of SD1 and SD2 binaries are indistinguishable from each other whereas they differ substantially from the corresponding parameters of CBs. We conclude that the results of the analysis fully support the model presented in this paper.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Financial Sustainability: Understanding Local CSO Strategies for Reducing Donor Dependencies in Nigeria
Creators: name: Tolulope Owajoba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Financial sustainability
NGO Management
Donor-dependence
Civil society organisation
Social entrepreneurship
Revenue diversification

description: The civil society sector is evolving in scope and scale in a time when foreign aid is diminishing and there is a drastic cut in international government grants. Many studies conducted have focused on the role of civil society in development especially poverty eradication in Nigeria. However, very few researches have focused on the financial sustainability of local civil society organisations in Nigeria. This research bridged this gap in knowledge by uncovering insights on how donor dependent CSOs have diversified their revenue streams, with a specific focus on commercial activities. The central research question is "What strategies are particularly contributing to the financial sustainability of local CSOs in Nigeria?" This research used a qualitative method to collect data through open-ended survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, while assessing five local CSOs founded between the year 1999 and 2007 in Nigeria. The research result reveals that local CSOs are striving for sustainability through diversification of locally available and sustainable resources to reduce donor dependence and achieve some degree of autonomy. It also contributes to the theoretical debates on the asymmetrical donor-CSO relationship by revealing three mechanisms of donor's influence, including control of funding, funding priorities and programme accountability. These mechanisms have however resulted in discernible effects on the behaviour of CSOs such as mission or goal displacement effect, exclusion of vulnerable groups, and issue of legitimacy.
CRIRES-VLT high-resolution spectro-astrometry as a tool in the search of small structures at the cores of Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Cárdenas, Mónica W. Blanco
name: Käufl, Hans U.
name: Guerrero, Martín A.
name: Miranda, Luis F.
name: Seifahrt, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A05

description: The onset of the asymmetry in planetary nebulae (PNe) occurs during the short transition between the end of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase and the beginning of the PN phase. Sources in this transition phase are compact and emit intensely in infrared wavelengths, making high spatial resolution observations in the infrared mandatory to investigate the shaping process of PNe. Interferometric VLTI IR observations have revealed compelling evidence of disks at the cores of PNe, but the limited sensitivity, strong observational constraints, and limited spatial coverage place severe limits on the universal use of this technique. Inspired by the successful detection of proto-planetary disks using spectro-astrometric observations, we apply here for the first time this technique to search for sub-arcsecond structures in PNe. Our exploratory study using CRIRES (CRyogenic high-resolution Infra-Red Echelle Spectrograph) commissioning data of the proto-PN IRAS 17516-2525 and the young PN SwSt 1 has revealed small-sized structures after the spectro-astrometric analysis of the two sources. In IRAS 17516-2525, the spectro-astrometric signal has a size of only 12 mas, as detected in the Brackett-gamma line, whereas the structures found in SwSt 1 have sizes of 230 mas in the [Fe III] line and 130 mas in the Brackett-gamma line. The spectroscopic observations required to perform spectro-astrometry of sources in the transition towards the PN phase are less time consuming and much more sensitive than VLTI IR observations. The results presented here open a new window in the search of the small-sized collimating agents that shape the complex morphologies of extremely axisymmetric PNe.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Higher dimensional charged shear-free relativistic models with heat flux
Creators: name: Nyonyi, Y.
name: Maharaj, S. D.
name: Govinder, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse shear-free spherically symmetric relativistic models of gravitating fluids with heat flow and electric charge defined on higher dimensional manifolds. The solution to the Einstein-Maxwell system is governed by the pressure isotropy condition which depends on the spacetime dimension. We study this highly nonlinear partial differential equation using Lie's group theoretic approach. The Lie symmetry generators that leave the equation invariant are determined. We provide exact solutions to the gravitational potentials using the first symmetry admitted by the equation. Our new exact solutions contain the earlier results for the four-dimensional case. Using the other Lie generators, we are able to provide solutions to the gravitational potentials or reduce the order of the master equation to a first order nonlinear differential equation. We derive the temperature transport equation in higher dimensions and find expressions for the causal and Eckart temperatures showing their explicit dependance on the dimension. We analyse a particular solution, obtained via group techniques, to show its physical applicability.
description: 21 pages, submitted for publication
Molecules in the Circumnuclear Disk of the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Harada, Nanase
name: Riquelme, Denise
name: Viti, Serena
name: Menten, Karl
name: Requena-Torres, Miguel
name: Guesten, Rolf
name: Hochguertel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a few parsecs around the central Black Hole Sgr A*, chemistry in the dense molecular cloud material of the circumnuclear disk (CND) can be affected by many energetic phenomena such as high UV-flux from the massive central star cluster, X-rays from Sgr A*, shock waves, and an enhanced cosmic-ray flux. Recently, spectroscopic surveys with the IRAM 30 meter and the APEX 12 meter telescopes of substantial parts of the 80--500 GHz frequency range were made toward selected positions in and near the CND. These datasets contain lines from the molecules HCN, HCO$^+$, HNC, CS, SO, SiO, CN, H$_2$CO, HC$_3$N, N$_2$H$^+$, H$_3$O$^+$ and others. We conduct Large Velocity Gradient analyses to obtain column densities and total hydrogen densities, $n$, for each species in molecular clouds located in the southwest lobe of CND. The data for the above mentioned molecules indicate 10$^5\,$cm$^{-3} \lesssim n <10^6\,$cm$^{-3}$, which shows that the CND is tidally unstable. The derived chemical composition is compared with a chemical model calculated using the UCL\_CHEM code that includes gas and grain reactions, and the effects of shock waves. Models are run for varying shock velocities, cosmic-ray ionization rates, and number densities. The resulting chemical composition is fitted best to an extremely high value of cosmic-ray ionization rate $ζ\sim 10^{-14}\,$s$^{-1}$, 3 orders of magnitude higher than the value in regular Galactic molecular clouds, if the pre-shock density is $n=10^5\,$cm$^{-3}$.
description: 4 pages, Conference proceedings for IAU Symposium 303 The Galactic Center
Adiabaticity condition for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Ibáñez, S.
name: Muga, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the concept of population for non-Hermitian systems in different ways and identify the one best suited to characterize adiabaticity. An approximate adiabaticity criterion consistent with this choice is also worked out. Examples are provided for different processes involving two-level atoms with decay.
Thermal stability of thin disk with magnetically driven winds
Creators: name: Li, Shuang-Liang
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of thermal instability in the high/soft state of black hole X-ray binaries, in disagreement with the standard thin disk theory, is a long-standing riddle for theoretical astronomers. We have tried to resolve this question by studying the thermal stability of a thin disk with magnetically driven winds in the $\dot{M}- Σ$ plane. It is found that disk winds can greatly decrease the disk temperature and thus help the disk become more stable at a given accretion rate. The critical accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm crit}$ corresponding to the thermal instability threshold is increased significantly in the presence of disk winds. For $α=0.01$ and $B_{\rm ϕ}=10B_{\rm _p}$, the disk is quite stable even for a very weak initial poloidal magnetic field [$β_{\rm p,0}\sim 2000, β_{\rm p}=(P_{\rm {gas}}+P_{\rm rad})/(B_{\rm p}^2/8π)$]. But when $B_{\rm ϕ}=B_{\rm _p}$ or $B_{\rm ϕ}=0.1B_{\rm _p}$, a somewhat stronger (but still weak) field ($β_{\rm p,0}\sim 200$ or $β_{\rm p,0}\sim 20$) is required to make the disk stable. Nevertheless, despite the great increase of $\dot{M}_{\rm crit}$, the luminosity threshold corresponding to instability remains almost constant or even decreases slowly with increasing $\dot{M}_{\rm crit}$ due to the decrease of gas temperature. The advection and diffusion timescales of the large-scale magnetic field threading the disk are also investigated in this work. We find that the advection timescale can be smaller than the diffusion timescale in a disk with winds, because the disk winds take away most of the gravitational energy released in the disk, resulting in the decrease of the magnetic diffusivity $η$ and the increase of the diffusion timescale.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Effects of Curvature-Higgs Coupling on Electroweak Fine-Tuning
Creators: name: Demir, Durmus A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, nonminimal coupling between the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field and spacetime curvature, present already at the renormalizable level, can be fine-tuned to stabilize the electroweak scale against power-law ultraviolet divergences. The nonminimal coupling acts as an extrinsic stabilizer with no effect on the loop structure of the SM, if gravity is classical. This novel fine-tuning scheme, which could also be interpreted within Sakharov's induced gravity approach, works neatly in extensions of the SM involving additional Higgs fields or singlet scalars.
description: 11 pp. Added references