cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exoplanetary Origins: Unraveling Planetary Formation and Accretion Histories with CNO Isotopologues
Creators: name: Coria, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The abundances of volatile elements like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (CNO) bridge the gap between protoplanetary disk chemistry, stellar composition, and planetary formation, accretion, and migration mechanisms. CNO abundances can trace a planet’s formation location relative to H2O, CO2, CO, and N2 “snowlines”, or the distance from the star at which these volatile elements sublimate. By comparing elemental and isotopic CNO ratios measured in giant exoplanet atmospheres to complementary measurements in their host stars, we can determine whether the planet inherited stellar abundances consistent with in situ formation near the host star, or abundances consistent with formation in outer regions of the protoplanetary disk followed by an inward migration and accretion of materials from various portions of the disk. Here, I provide an overview of host star and companion planet CNO isotope ratios (12C/13C, 14N/15N, and 16O/18O) as they relate to the formation and evolution of planetary systems. To date, there are still only a handful of exoplanet systems where we can make a direct comparison of elemental and isotopic CNO abundances between an exoplanet and its host star. I will also discuss recent CNO isotope ratio detections in sub-stellar objects from both ground- and space-based observatories. Finally, I will share my near-infrared spectroscopic analysis to derive 12C/13C, 14N/15N, and 16O/18O in planet-hosting cool dwarf stars using MARCS model atmospheres and the spectral synthesis code TurboSpectrum, as well as a custom set of atomic and molecular line lists.  
description: Slides for my contribution to the splinter session titled "Learning from the Coldest Worlds in the era of JWST".
(1175) Clara Ann Smith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary tables, Supplementary Note from First cycad seedling foliage from the fossil record and inferences for the Cenozoic evolution of cycads.
Creators: name: Boglárka Erdei
name: Coiro, Mario
name: Miller, Ian
name: Johnson, Kirk R.
name: M. Patrick Griffith
name: Murphy, Vickie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Supplementary Tables 1,2,3, Supplementary Note 1, Comparison of seedling morphology and matrix of leaf and cuticular characters
Space-borne quantum memories for global quantum communication
Creators: name: Gündoğan, Mustafa
name: Sidhu, Jasminder S.
name: Henderson, Victoria
name: Mazzarella, Luca
name: Wolters, Janik
name: Oi, Daniel K. L.
name: Krutzik, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global scale quantum communication links will form the backbone of the quantum internet. However, exponential loss in optical fibres precludes any realistic application beyond few hundred kilometres. Quantum repeaters and space-based systems offer to overcome this limitation. Here, we analyse the use of quantum memory (QM)-equipped satellites for quantum communication focussing on global range repeaters and Measurement-Device-Independent (MDI) QKD. We demonstrate that satellites equipped with QMs provide three orders of magnitude faster entanglement distribution rates than existing protocols based on fibre-based repeaters or space systems without QMs. We analyse how entanglement distribution performance depends on memory characteristics, determine benchmarks to assess performance of different tasks, and propose various architectures for light-matter interfaces. Our work provides a practical roadmap to realise unconditionally secure quantum communications over global distances with current technologies.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Spectroscopic localization of atomic sample plane for precise digital holography
Creators: name: Zhao, Jian
name: Wang, Yuzhuo
name: Huang, Xing
name: Wu, Saijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In digital holography, the coherent scattered light fields can be reconstructed volumetrically. By refocusing the fields to the sample planes, absorption and phase-shift profiles of sparsely distributed samples can be simultaneously inferred in 3D. This holographic advantage is highly useful for spectroscopic imaging of cold atomic samples. However, unlike (e.g., biological samples or solid particles), the quasi-thermal atomic gases under laser-cooling are typically featureless without sharp boundaries, invalidating a class of standard numerical refocusing methods. Here, we extend the refocusing protocol based on the Gouy phase anomaly for small phase objects to free atomic samples. With a prior knowledge on a coherent spectral phase angle relation for cold atoms that is robust against probe condition variations, an ``out-of-phase'' response of the atomic sample can be reliably identified, which flips the sign during the numeric back-propagation across the sample plane to serve as the refocus criterion. Experimentally, we determine the sample plane of a laser-cooled $^{39}$K gas released from a microscopic dipole trap, with a $δz\approx 1~{\rm μm}$$\ll 2λ_p/{\rm NA}^2$ axial resolution, with a NA=0.3 holographic microscope at $λ_p=770~$nm probe wavelength.
description: Accepted by Opt. Exp. A few typoes fixed
KELISHIK –  O'ZBEK TILIDA TOBELIK FUNKSIONAL-SEMANTIK MAYDON YADROSINI TASHKIL ETUVCHI VOSITA
Creators: name: Ro'ziyev, Ismoil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Muayyan hodisaning reallashuvida boshqa lingvistik voqeliklar o‘zaro aloqadorlikda, mutanosiblikda namoyon bo‘ladi. Shu bois mazkur hodisalarni bir butunlikda, yaxlit tizim sifatida qarash zarurati yuzaga keladi. Tobelik tushunchasini funksional-semantik maydon sifatida tahlil etish hodisaning mohiyatini kengroq yoritish imkonini beradi.
Extensive amenability and an application to interval exchanges
Creators: name: Juschenko, Kate
name: Bon, Nicolás Matte
name: Monod, Nicolas
name: de la Salle, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Extensive amenability is a property of group actions which has recently been used as a tool to prove amenability of groups. We study this property and prove that it is preserved under a very general construction of semidirect products. As an application, we establish the amenability of all subgroups of the group IET of interval exchange transformations that have angular components of rational rank~${\leq 2}$. In addition, we obtain a reformulation of extensive amenability in terms of inverted orbits and use it to present a purely probabilistic proof that recurrent actions are extensively amenable. Finally, we study the triviality of the Poisson boundary for random walks on IET and show that there are subgroups $G
description: 28 pages
Projecting wildfire emissions over the south-eastern United States to mid-century
Creators: name: Prestemon, J.P.
name: Xiu, A.
name: Baek, B.H.
name: Mohammad, O.
name: Talgo, K.
name: McKenzie, D.
name: Shankar, U.
name: Yang, D.
name: Vizuete, W.
Publisher: name: CSIRO
Year: 2018

description: Wildfires can impair human health because of the toxicity of emitted pollutants, and threaten communities, structures and the integrity of ecosystems sensitive to disturbance. Climate and socioeconomic factors (e.g. population and income growth) are known regional drivers of wildfires. Reflecting changes in these factors in wildfire emissions estimates is thus a critical need in air quality and health risk assessments in the south-eastern United States. We developed such a methodology leveraging published statistical models of annual area burned (AAB) over the US Southeast for 2011-2060, based on county-level socioeconomic and climate projections, to estimate daily wildfire emissions in selected historical and future years. Projected AABs were 7 to 150% lower on average than the historical mean AABs for 1992-2010; projected wildfire fine-particulate emissions were 13 to 62% lower than those based on historical AABs, with a temporal variability driven by the climate system. The greatest differences were in areas of large wildfire impacts from socioeconomic factors, suggesting that historically based (static) wildfire inventories cannot properly represent future air quality responses to changes in these factors. The results also underscore the need to correct biases in the dynamical downscaling of wildfire climate drivers to project the health risks of wildfire emissions more reliably.
Anne Kleesmendi välipäevik nr 55
Creators: name: Kleesment, Anne-Liis
Publisher: name: Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli Geoloogia Instituut
Year: 2002
Subjects: Eesti
Devon
paljandid
koopad

description: Devoni läbilõike kirjeldus Eesti paljandites, koobaste kirjeldused.
Lower bounds for volumes and orthospectra of hyperbolic manifolds with geodesic boundary
Creators: name: Belolipetsky, Mikhail
name: Bridgeman, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q45

description: In this paper we derive explicit estimates for the functions which appear in the previous work of Bridgeman and Kahn. As a consequence, we obtain an explicit lower bound for the length of the shortest orthogeodesic in terms of the volume of a hyperbolic manifold with totally geodesic boundary. We also give an alternative derivation of a lower bound for the volumes of these manifolds as a function of the dimension.
WfBench: Automated Generation of Scientific Workflow Benchmarks
Creators: name: Coleman, Tainã
name: Casanova, Henri
name: Maheshwari, Ketan
name: Pottier, Loïc
name: Wilkinson, Sean R.
name: Wozniak, Justin
name: Suter, Frédéric
name: Shankar, Mallikarjun
name: da Silva, Rafael Ferreira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The prevalence of scientific workflows with high computational demands calls for their execution on various distributed computing platforms, including large-scale leadership-class high-performance computing (HPC) clusters. To handle the deployment, monitoring, and optimization of workflow executions, many workflow systems have been developed over the past decade. There is a need for workflow benchmarks that can be used to evaluate the performance of workflow systems on current and future software stacks and hardware platforms. We present a generator of realistic workflow benchmark specifications that can be translated into benchmark code to be executed with current workflow systems. Our approach generates workflow tasks with arbitrary performance characteristics (CPU, memory, and I/O usage) and with realistic task dependency structures based on those seen in production workflows. We present experimental results that show that our approach generates benchmarks that are representative of production workflows, and conduct a case study to demonstrate the use and usefulness of our generated benchmarks to evaluate the performance of workflow systems under different configuration scenarios.
Loss of a Middle Ground?
Creators: name: Brauner, Christina
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2014

description: Der Beitrag setzt sich mit interkultureller Diplomatie im westafrikanischen Dahomey zwischen dem frühen 8. und frühen 9. Jahrhundert auseinander und verfolgt eine doppelte Stoßrichtung: Zum einen wird die diplomatische Praxis vor Ort, in erster Linie am Beispiel von Audienzreisen europäischer Vertreter in Dahomey, untersucht. Dabei frage ich, inwiefern sich ein transkulturelles Zeremoniell entwickelte, das sowohl europäische als auch afrikanische Elemente aufnahm und zu etwas Neuem verband. Zum anderen geht es um die (wechselseitige) Wahrnehmung und die Transformationen, die das europäische Bild Dahomeys seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert durchlief. Anhand der immer stärkeren Verdichtung des Bildes von Dahomey als Despotie zeige ich exemplarisch auf, wie die europäische Wahrnehmung von außereuropäischen Herrschaftsformen immer stärker ‚alterisiert‘ wurde und zunehmend durch einen ‚exklusiven‘ Eurozentrismus dominiert wurde.
description: Comparativ, Vol 24 No 5 (2014): The Dimensions of Transcultural Statehood
Contactless heat flux control with photonic devices
Creators: name: Ben-Abdallah, Philippe
name: Biehs, Svend-Age
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to control electric currents in solids using diodes and transistors is undoubtedly at the origin of the main developments in modern electronics which have revolutionized the daily life in the second half of 20th century. Surprisingly, until the year 2000 no thermal counterpart for such a control had been proposed. Since then, based on pioneering works on the control of phononic heat currents new devices were proposed which allow for the control of heat fluxes carried by photons rather than phonons or electrons. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the main advances achieved recently in the field of thermal energy control with photons.
description: Invited Review
(1170) John Smith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Rigid 4D N=2 supersymmetric backgrounds and actions
Creators: name: Butter, Daniel
name: Inverso, Gianluca
name: Lodato, Ivano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all N=2 rigid supersymmetric backgrounds in four dimensions with both Lorentzian and Euclidean signature that preserve eight real supercharges, up to discrete identifications. Among the backgrounds we find specific warpings of S^3 x R and AdS_3 x R, AdS_2 x S^2 and H^2 x S^2 with generic radii, and some more exotic geometries. We provide the generic two-derivative rigid vector and hypermultiplet actions and analyze the conditions imposed on the special Kahler and hyperkahler target spaces.
description: 50 + 17 pages; v2: minor corrections, published version
Supplementary tables, Supplementary Note from First cycad seedling foliage from the fossil record and inferences for the Cenozoic evolution of cycads
Creators: name: Boglárka Erdei
name: Coiro, Mario
name: Miller, Ian
name: Johnson, Kirk R.
name: M. Patrick Griffith
name: Murphy, Vickie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Supplementary Tables 1,2,3, Supplementary Note 1, Comparison of seedling morphology and matrix of leaf and cuticular characters
Supplementary Methods from Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish.
Creators: name: Fobert, Emily K.
name: Silva, Karen Burke Da
name: Swearer, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light at night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts of ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research on of ALAN in marine systems is comparatively lacking. To further our understanding of the impacts of ALAN on marine organisms, this study examines how the reproductive fitness of the common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is influenced by the presence of ALAN. We assessed how exposure to low levels of ALAN affects (i) frequency of spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, and (iii) hatching success of A. ocellaris under control (12 : 12 day–night) and treatment (12 : 12 day–ALAN) light regimes. While we found exposure to ALAN had no impact on the frequency of spawning or fertilization success, ALAN had dramatic effects on hatching. Amphiprion ocellaris eggs incubated in the presence of ALAN simply did not hatch, resulting in zero survivorship of offspring. These findings suggest ALAN can significantly reduce reproductive fitness in a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further research in this field is necessary to fully understand the extent of this impact on population and community dynamics in the wild.
Immobilization techniques and biopolymer carriers
Creators: name: Górecka, Elżbieta
name: Jastrzębska, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Biotechnology and Food Science
Year: 2019

description: Various immobilization methods are expected to have a bright future in the field of pharmacy, medicine or industry. Production of immobilized enzymes mainly by CLEAs introduces a whole new level of biotransformations, where biocatalysts are highly purified and active. Improvement of CLEAs technology will certainly develop food and pharmaceutical industry. Another immobilization path is affinity binding, also focused on enzymes. Preparation of generic protocols for enzyme attachment will increase the sensitivity of this technology, as well as its simplicity. Biocatalyst re-usage will significantly decrease the costs. Immobilization in nanodelivery systems may shortly dominate the field of medical sciences. The vast problem of civilization diseases is the difficulty in medicaments administration, either due to the size of the drug or the inaccessibility of the treated site. Nanodelivery systems will overcome this issue, as they are able to carry drugs directly to their site of action. Cancer, Alzheimer’s disease or autoimmune disorders will become controllable. Finally, other immobilization methods are being engineered in order to provide systems with better interactions with GI wall. Carriers will be adjusted for the highest selectivity for mucosal wall, whereas viral and bacterial mechanisms of uptake will be incorporated into biocatalyst to ameliorate the physiology of absorption.
description: Biotechnology and Food Science, Tom 75 Nr 1 (2011): Biotechnology and Food Science
Descriptions from First cycad seedling foliage from the fossil record and inferences for the Cenozoic evolution of cycads
Creators: name: Boglárka Erdei
name: Coiro, Mario
name: Miller, Ian
name: Johnson, Kirk R.
name: M. Patrick Griffith
name: Murphy, Vickie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Morphological descriptions of fossil material and figures
EMPIR 19ENG06 HEFMAG Comparisons of total power loss measurements performed by Epstein frame using revised procedures at room temperature - Final report
Creators: name: Ulvr, Michal
name: Weickert, Franziska
name: Pfnuer, Korbinian
name: Ludke, Joachim
name: Hoffmann, Katja
name: Harmon, Stuart
name: Brunt, Daniel
name: Wilson, Adam
name: Pasquale, Massimo
name: Banu, Nicoleta
name: Rocchino, Luciano
name: Ferrara, Enzo
name: Fiorillo, Fausto
name: Jeyabalan, Ram Ramanathan Mathavan
name: Vakil, Gaurang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: D1a: Final report about round robin comparison of total power loss measurements performed by Epstein frame up to 10 kHz.
New black hole solutions with a dynamical traceless nonmetricity tensor in Metric-Affine Gravity
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Chevrier, Johann
name: Valcarcel, Jorge Gigante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of Metric-Affine Gravity, the existing correspondence between the Einstein tensor and the energy-momentum tensor of matter provided by General Relativity is extended towards a post-Riemannian description in terms of the torsion and nonmetricity fields, which are sourced by the spin, dilation and shear currents of matter. In this work, we focus on the dynamical role of the traceless part of the nonmetricity tensor and its intrinsic connection with shears, defining a model which encloses a new black hole solution endowed with shear charges. We show that the extension in the presence of dynamical torsion and Weyl vector leads to the broadest family of static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with spin, dilation and shear charges in Metric-Affine Gravity so far.
description: 21 pages, 0 figures, minor changes, references added. It matches the version published in JCAP
Chiral perturbation theory for GR
Creators: name: Krasnov, Kirill
name: Shtanov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new perturbation theory for General Relativity, with the chiral first-order Einstein-Cartan action as the starting point. Our main result is a new gauge-fixing procedure that eliminates the connection-to-connection propagator. All other known first-order formalisms have this propagator non-zero, which significantly increases the combinatorial complexity of any perturbative calculation. In contrast, in the absence of the connection-to-connection propagator, our formalism leads to an effective description in which only the metric (or tetrad) propagates, there are only cubic and quartic vertices, but some vertex legs are special in that they cannot be connected by the propagator. The new formalism is the gravity analog of the well-known and powerful chiral description of Yang-Mills theory.
description: 28 pages, multiple feynmp diagrams
(1168) Richard Deighton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Complementary Test of the Dark Matter Self-Interaction by Direct and Indirect Detections
Creators: name: Chen, Chian-Shu
name: Lin, Guey-Lin
name: Lin, Yen-Hsun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The halo dark matter (DM) can be gravitationally captured by the Sun. For self-interacting DM (SIDM), we show that the number of DM trapped inside the Sun remains unsuppressed even if the DM-nucleon cross section is negligible. We consider a SIDM model where $U(1)$ gauge symmetry is introduced to account for the DM self-interaction. Such a model naturally leads to isospin violation for DM-nucleon interaction, although isospin symmetry is still allowed as a special case. We show that the detection of neutrino signature from DM annihilation in the Sun can probe those SIDM parameter ranges not reachable by direct detections. Those parameter ranges are either the region with a very small $m_χ$ or the region opened up due to isospin violations.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, references added
Atomic Raman scattering: Third-order diffraction in a double geometry
Creators: name: Hartmann, Sabrina
name: Jenewein, Jens
name: Abend, Sven
name: Roura, Albert
name: Giese, Enno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a retroreflective scheme atomic Raman diffraction adopts some of the properties of Bragg diffraction due to additional couplings to off-resonant momenta. As a consequence, double Raman diffraction has to be performed in a Bragg-type regime. Taking advantage of this regime, double Raman allows for resonant higher-order diffraction. We study theoretically the case of third-order diffraction and compare it to first order as well as a sequence of first-order pulses giving rise to the same momentum transfer as the third-order pulse. In fact, third-order diffraction constitutes a competitive tool for the diffraction of ultracold atoms and interferometry based on large momentum transfer since it allows to reduce the complexity of the experiment as well as the total duration of the diffraction process compared to a sequence.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Assessment of the durability of bio-based insulating materials
Creators: name: Marceau, S.
name: Glé, P.
name: Gueguen, M.
name: Gourlay, E.
name: Moscardelli, S.
name: Nour, I.
name: Amziane, S.
name: Abdellaoui, L.
Publisher: name: Academic Journal of Civil Engineering
Year: 2015

description: The use of vegetal concretes, such as hemp concrete, is growing for building insulation. They are constituted by vegetal aggregates embedded in a mineral binder. Hemp concretes are multifunctional materials: they have good thermal and acoustical insulating properties and their hygrothermal behavior enables a natural moisture regulation. Unfortunately, the use of hemp concrete is limited by its lack of guarantees in terms of durability. This paper focuses on the study of the evolution of the properties of hemp concretes after accelerated ageing in laboratory. The samples are submitted to wetting/drying cycles and their performances are analyzed periodically. In this article, the properties of the materials after 75 days of ageing are reported. It is shown that this period is too short to observe any significant variation of the properties of the hemp concretes, except for their porosity. The biological ageing of the materials is investigated too. It is shown that the mold growth occurs when the relative humidity is high (98% RH) and when the pH of the binder has decreased due to its carbonation reaction.
description: Academic Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol 33 No 2 (2015): Special Issue - ICBBM 2015
A frequency domain empirical likelihood method for irregularly spaced spatial data
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Soutir
name: Lahiri, Soumendra N.
name: Nordman, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper develops empirical likelihood methodology for irregularly spaced spatial data in the frequency domain. Unlike the frequency domain empirical likelihood (FDEL) methodology for time series (on a regular grid), the formulation of the spatial FDEL needs special care due to lack of the usual orthogonality properties of the discrete Fourier transform for irregularly spaced data and due to presence of nontrivial bias in the periodogram under different spatial asymptotic structures. A spatial FDEL is formulated in the paper taking into account the effects of these factors. The main results of the paper show that Wilks' phenomenon holds for a scaled version of the logarithm of the proposed empirical likelihood ratio statistic in the sense that it is asymptotically distribution-free and has a chi-squared limit. As a result, the proposed spatial FDEL method can be used to build nonparametric, asymptotically correct confidence regions and tests for covariance parameters that are defined through spectral estimating equations, for irregularly spaced spatial data. In comparison to the more common studentization approach, a major advantage of our method is that it does not require explicit estimation of the standard error of an estimator, which is itself a very difficult problem as the asymptotic variances of many common estimators depend on intricate interactions among several population quantities, including the spectral density of the spatial process, the spatial sampling density and the spatial asymptotic structure. Results from a numerical study are also reported to illustrate the methodology and its finite sample properties.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOS1291 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Supplementary Results from Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish.
Creators: name: Fobert, Emily K.
name: Silva, Karen Burke Da
name: Swearer, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light at night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts of ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research on of ALAN in marine systems is comparatively lacking. To further our understanding of the impacts of ALAN on marine organisms, this study examines how the reproductive fitness of the common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is influenced by the presence of ALAN. We assessed how exposure to low levels of ALAN affects (i) frequency of spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, and (iii) hatching success of A. ocellaris under control (12 : 12 day–night) and treatment (12 : 12 day–ALAN) light regimes. While we found exposure to ALAN had no impact on the frequency of spawning or fertilization success, ALAN had dramatic effects on hatching. Amphiprion ocellaris eggs incubated in the presence of ALAN simply did not hatch, resulting in zero survivorship of offspring. These findings suggest ALAN can significantly reduce reproductive fitness in a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further research in this field is necessary to fully understand the extent of this impact on population and community dynamics in the wild.
X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy of the Black Hole GX 339-4: Exploring the Hard State with Unprecedented Sensitivity
Creators: name: Garcia, Javier A.
name: Steiner, James F.
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Remillard, Ronald A.
name: Grinberg, Victoria
name: Dauser, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze {\it simultaneously} six composite {\it RXTE} spectra of GX 339--4 in the hard state comprising 77 million counts collected over 196 ks. The source spectra are ordered by luminosity and spanthe range 1.6\% to 17\% of the Eddington luminosity. Crucially, using our new tool {\tt pcacorr}, we re-calibrate the data to a precision of 0.1\%, an order of magnitude improvement over all earlier work. Using our advanced reflection model {\tt relxill}, we target the strong features in the component of emission reflected from the disk, namely, the relativistically-broadened Fe K emission line, the Fe K edge and the Compton hump. We report results for two joint fits to the six spectra: For the first fit, we fix the spin parameter to its maximal value ($a_*=0.998$) and allow the inner disk radius $R_{\rm in}$ to vary. Results include (i) precise measurements of $R_{\rm in}$, with evidence that the disk becomes slightly truncated at a few percent of Eddington; and (ii) an order-of-magnitude swing with luminosity in the high energy cutoff, which reaches $>890$ keV at our lowest luminosity. For the second fit, we make the standard assumption in estimating spin that the inner edge of the accretion disk is located at the innermost stable circular orbit ($R_\mathrm{in} = R_\mathrm{ISCO}$) and find $a_* = 0.95^{+0.03}_{-0.05}$ (90\% confidence, statistical). For both fits, and at the same level of statistical confidence, we estimate that the disk inclination is $i = 48\pm 1$ deg and that the Fe abundance is super-solar, $A_\mathrm{Fe} = 5\pm1$.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 20 pages, 13 figures
Newton-Cartan (super)gravity as a non-relativistic limit
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric
name: Rosseel, Jan
name: Zojer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a procedure that, starting from a relativistic theory of supergravity, leads to a consistent, non-relativistic version thereof. As a first application we use this limiting procedure to show how the Newton-Cartan formulation of non-relativistic gravity can be obtained from general relativity. Then we apply it in a supersymmetric case and derive a novel, non-relativistic, off-shell formulation of three-dimensional Newton-Cartan supergravity.
description: 29 pages; v2: added comment about different NR gravities and more refs; v3: more refs, matches published version
Modeled Full-Flight Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality and Their Sensitivity to Grid Resolution
Creators: name: Mathur, R.
name: Vennam, L.P.
name: Talgo, K.
name: Arunachalam, S.
name: Xing, J.
name: Binkowski, F.S.
name: Vizuete, W.
name: Omary, M.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Aviation is a unique anthropogenic source with four-dimensional varying emissions, peaking at cruise altitudes (9–12 km). Aircraft emission budgets in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere region and their potential impacts on upper troposphere and surface air quality are not well understood. Our key objective is to use chemical transport models (with prescribed meteorology) to predict aircraft emissions impacts on the troposphere and surface air quality. We quantified the importance of including full-flight intercontinental emissions and increased horizontal grid resolution. The full-flight aviation emissions in the Northern Hemisphere contributed ~1.3% (mean, min–max: 0.46, 0.3–0.5 ppbv) and 0.2% (0.013, 0.004–0.02 μg/m3) of total O3 and PM2.5 concentrations at the surface, with Europe showing slightly higher impacts (1.9% (O3 0.69, 0.5–0.85 ppbv) and 0.5% (PM2.5 0.03, 0.01–0.05 μg/m3)) than North America (NA) and East Asia. We computed seasonal aviation-attributable mass flux vertical profiles and aviation perturbations along isentropic surfaces to quantify the transport of cruise altitude emissions at the hemispheric scale. The comparison of coarse (108 × 108 km2) and fine (36 × 36 km2) grid resolutions in NA showed ~70 times and ~13 times higher aviation impacts for O3 and PM2.5 in coarser domain. These differences are mainly due to the inability of the coarse resolution simulation to capture nonlinearities in chemical processes near airport locations and other urban areas. Future global studies quantifying aircraft contributions should consider model resolution and perhaps use finer scales near major aviation source regions.
EAGLE-like simulation models do not solve the entropy core problem in groups and clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Altamura, Edoardo
name: Kay, Scott T.
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Bahé, Yannick M.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Borrow, Josh
name: Towler, Imogen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations run with a variety of codes systematically predict large amounts of entropy in the intra-cluster medium at low redshift, leading to flat entropy profiles and a suppressed cool-core population. This prediction is at odds with X-ray observations of groups and clusters. We use a new implementation of the EAGLE galaxy formation model to investigate the sensitivity of the central entropy and the shape of the profiles to changes in the sub-grid model applied to a suite of zoom-in cosmological simulations of a group of mass $M_{500} = 8.8 \times 10^{12}~{\rm M}_\odot$ and a cluster of mass $2.9 \times 10^{14}~{\rm M}_\odot$. Using our reference model, calibrated to match the stellar mass function of field galaxies, we confirm that our simulated groups and clusters contain hot gas with too high entropy in their cores. Additional simulations run without artificial conduction, metal cooling or AGN feedback produce lower entropy levels but still fail to reproduce observed profiles. Conversely, the two objects run without supernova feedback show a significant entropy increase which can be attributed to excessive cooling and star formation. Varying the AGN heating temperature does not greatly affect the profile shape, but only the overall normalisation. Finally, we compared runs with four AGN heating schemes and obtained similar profiles, with the exception of bipolar AGN heating, which produces a higher and more uniform entropy distribution. Our study leaves open the question of whether the entropy core problem in simulations, and particularly the lack of power-law cool-core profiles, arise from incorrect physical assumptions, missing physical processes, or insufficient numerical resolution.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 2023 February 06. The code used in the analysis is publicly available on the corresponding author's GitHub repository: https://github.com/edoaltamura/entropy-core-problem
Stochastic maximum principle for optimal control of a class of nonlinear SPDEs with dissipative drift
Creators: name: Fuhrman, Marco
name: Orrieri, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a version of the stochastic maximum principle, in the sense of Pontryagin, for the finite horizon optimal control of a stochastic partial differential equation driven by an infinite dimensional additive noise. In particular we treat the case in which the non-linear term is of Nemytskii type, dissipative and with polynomial growth. The performance functional to be optimized is fairly general and may depend on point evaluation of the controlled equation. The results can be applied to a large class of non-linear parabolic equations such as reaction-diffusion equations.
title: Ultimately Periodic Languages
Creators: name: Honkala, Juha
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2010

description: A language $L\subseteq X^*$ is called ultimately periodic if there exist a word $u\in X^*$ and a
finite set $F\subseteq X^*$ such that all words of $L$ are prefixes of the words in $Fu^*$. We characterize
ultimately periodic regular and context-free languages and show that ultimate
periodicity is decidable for context-free and DT0L languages.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 15, Numbers 3-4, 2010, 255-261
Supplementary Methods from Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish
Creators: name: Fobert, Emily K.
name: Silva, Karen Burke Da
name: Swearer, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light at night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts of ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research on the impacts of ALAN on marine systems is comparatively lacking. To further our understanding of the impacts of ALAN on marine organisms, this study examines the impact of ALAN on the reproductive fitness of the common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. We assessed how exposure to low levels of ALAN affects (i) frequency of spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, and (iii) hatching success of A. ocellaris under control (12 : 12 day–night) and treatment (12 : 12 day–ALAN) light regimes. While we found exposure to ALAN had no impact on the frequency of spawning or fertilization success, ALAN had dramatic effects on hatching. Amphiprion ocellaris eggs incubated in the presence of ALAN simply did not hatch, resulting in zero survivorship of offspring. These findings suggest ALAN can significantly reduce reproductive fitness in a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further research in this field is necessary to fully understand the extent of this impact on population and community dynamics in the wild.
Chances for SUSY-GUT in the LHC Epoch
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Zurab
name: Chianese, Marco
name: Miele, Gennaro
name: Morisi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magic couple of SUSY and GUT still appears the most elegant and predictive physics concept beyond the Standard Model. Since up to now LHC found no evidence for supersymmetric particles it becomes of particular relevance to determine an upper bound of the energy scale they have to show up. In particular, we have analyzed a generic SUSY-GUT model assuming one step unification like in SU(5), and adopting naturalness principles, we have obtained general bounds on the mass spectrum of SUSY particles. We claim that if a SUSY gauge coupling unification takes place, the lightest gluino or Higgsino cannot have a mass larger than about 20 TeV. Such a limit is of interest for planning new accelerator machines.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. Version published in JHEP, minor corrections added and images improved
A compact ultranarrow high-power laser system for experiments with 578nm Ytterbium clock transition
Creators: name: Cappellini, Giacomo
name: Lombardi, Pietro
name: Mancini, Marco
name: Pagano, Guido
name: Pizzocaro, Marco
name: Fallani, Leonardo
name: Catani, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the realization of a compact, high-power laser system able to excite the Ytterbium clock transition at 578 nm. Starting from an external-cavity laser based on a quantum dot chip at 1156 nm with an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, we were able to obtain up to 60 mW of visible light at 578 nm via frequency doubling. The laser is locked with a 500 kHz bandwidth to a ultra-low-expansion glass cavity stabilized at its zero coefficient of thermal expansion temperature through an original thermal insulation and correction system. This laser allowed the observation of the clock transition in fermionic $^{173}$Yb with a < 50 Hz linewidth over 5 minutes, limited only by a residual frequency drift of some 0.1 Hz/s.
Finely Resolved On-Road PM2.5 and Estimated Premature Mortality in Central North Carolina
Creators: name: Chang, S.Y.
name: Serre, M.
name: Arunachalam, S.
name: Vennam, L.P.
name: Breen, M.
name: Omary, M.
name: Isakov, V.
name: Vizuete, W.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Year: 2017

description: To quantify the on-road PM2.5-related premature mortality at a national scale, previous approaches to estimate concentrations at a 12-km × 12-km or larger grid cell resolution may not fully characterize concentration hotspots that occur near roadways and thus the areas of highest risk. Spatially resolved concentration estimates from on-road emissions to capture these hotspots may improve characterization of the associated risk, but are rarely used for estimating premature mortality. In this study, we compared the on-road PM2.5-related premature mortality in central North Carolina with two different concentration estimation approaches—(i) using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to model concentration at a coarser resolution of a 36-km × 36-km grid resolution, and (ii) using a hybrid of a Gaussian dispersion model, CMAQ, and a space–time interpolation technique to provide annual average PM2.5 concentrations at a Census-block level (∼105,000 Census blocks). The hybrid modeling approach estimated 24% more on-road PM2.5-related premature mortality than CMAQ. The major difference is from the primary on-road PM2.5 where the hybrid approach estimated 2.5 times more primary on-road PM2.5-related premature mortality than CMAQ due to predicted exposure hotspots near roadways that coincide with high population areas. The results show that 72% of primary on-road PM2.5 premature mortality occurs within 1,000 m from roadways where 50% of the total population resides, highlighting the importance to characterize near-road primary PM2.5 and suggesting that previous studies may have underestimated premature mortality due to PM2.5 from traffic-related emissions.
Scrutinizing CKM unitarity with a new measurement of the $K_{μ3}/K_{μ2}$ branching fraction
Creators: name: Cirigliano, Vincenzo
name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Hoferichter, Martin
name: Moulson, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision tests of first-row unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix currently display two intriguing tensions, both at the $3σ$ level. First, combining determinations of $V_{ud}$ from superallowed $β$ decays with $V_{us}$ from kaon decays suggests a deficit in the unitarity relation. At the same time, a tension of similar significance has emerged between $K_{\ell 2}$ and $K_{\ell 3}$ decays. In this Letter, we point out that a measurement of the $K_{\mu3}/K_{μ2}$ branching fraction at the level of $0.2\%$ would have considerable impact on clarifying the experimental situation in the kaon sector, especially in view of tensions in the global fit to kaon data as well as the fact that the $K_{\mu2}$ channel is currently dominated by a single experiment. Such a measurement, as possible for example at NA62, would further provide important constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model, most notably on the role of right-handed vector currents.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; journal version