cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistical correction of the Winner’s Curse explains replication variability in quantitative trait genome-wide association studies
Creators: name: Palmer, Cameron Douglas
name: Pe'er, Itshack G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: DNA replication
subject: Genomes--Data processing
subject: Human genetics--Variation
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of SNPs responsible for variation in human quantitative traits. However, genome-wide-significant associations often fail to replicate across independent cohorts, in apparent inconsistency with their apparent strong effects in discovery cohorts. This limited success of replication raises pervasive questions about the utility of the GWAS field. We identify all 332 studies of quantitative traits from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Database with attempted replication. We find that the majority of studies provide insufficient data to evaluate replication rates. The remaining papers replicate significantly worse than expected (p < 10−14), even when adjusting for regression-to-the-mean of effect size between discovery- and replication-cohorts termed the Winner’s Curse (p < 10−16). We show this is due in part to misreporting replication cohort-size as a maximum number, rather than per-locus one. In 39 studies accurately reporting per-locus cohort-size for attempted replication of 707 loci in samples with similar ancestry, replication rate matched expectation (predicted 458, observed 457, p = 0.94). In contrast, ancestry differences between replication and discovery (13 studies, 385 loci) cause the most highly-powered decile of loci to replicate worse than expected, due to difference in linkage disequilibrium.
The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Gas Rich Galaxies as a Test of LCDM and MOND
Creators: name: McGaugh, Stacy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR) is an empirical relation between baryonic mass and rotation velocity in disk galaxies. It provides tests of galaxy formation models in LCDM and of alternative theories like MOND. Observations of gas rich galaxies provide a measure of the slope and normalization of the BTFR that is more accurate (if less precise) than that provided by star dominated spirals, as their masses are insensitive to the details of stellar population modeling. Recent independent data for such galaxies are consistent with Mb = AVf^4 with A = 47+/-6 Msun (km/s)^-4. This is equivalent to MOND with $a_0 = 1.3 +/- 0.3 A/s/s. The scatter in the data is consistent with being due entirely to observational uncertainties. It is unclear why the physics of galaxy formation in LCDM happens to pick out the relation predicted by MOND. We introduce a feedback efficacy parameter E to relate halo properties to those of the galaxies they host. E correlates with star formation rate and gas fraction in the sense that galaxies that have experienced the least star formation have been most impacted by feedback.
description: Astronomical Journal, in press. Added new figure (7 total); new version matches accepted version. Electronic data available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/data/gasrichdatatable.txt
Pyrolysis - a promising new path to liquid fuels
Creators: name: Scahill, John
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2008
Subjects: pyrolysis
bio-oil
biofuels
Terra Preta soil (Dark Earth)

description: Presented at the Can forests meet our energy needs? The future of forest biomass in Colorado conference, February 21, 2008, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
description: John Scahill began his chemical engineering career as a process engineer with DuPont Biochemicals in Houston Texas. This involved troubleshooting technical issues on a 120 million pound per year tetrahydrofuran plant. This was followed by three years as a process engineer in a nickel cadmium battery plant. He then spent twenty-four years doing process development R&D in thermochemical biomass conversion at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. This development work was focused on both fast pyrolysis and gasification of various types of biomass substrates to produce fuels, chemicals, and power. Research activities also included developing small modular biomass power systems for off grid applications. Since 2004 he has been a project Manager with the Department of Energy's Golden Field Office where he manages a portfolio of biomass related R&D projects for the Office of Biomass Program.
title: Prolactin Level as a Predictor of Pituitary Adenoma: A Novel Algorithm
Creators: name: Ferraro, Regan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Goals and Objectives: Create a mathematical model to predict the likelihood of diagnosing a prolactinoma on a pituitary MRI on the basis of serum prolactin Discuss the clinical scenarios in which pituitary MRI is indicated Prolactinoma or...
Community and health system intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanga Region, Tanzania: A comparative before-and-after study
Creators: name: Kujawski, Stephanie Allison
name: Freedman, Lynn P.
name: Ramsey, Kate
name: Mbaruku, Godfrey
name: Mbuyita, Selemani
name: Moyo, Wema
name: Kruk, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Pregnant women--Abuse of
Childbirth
Epidemiology
Community health services

description: Background

Abusive treatment of women during childbirth has been documented in low-resource countries and is a deterrent to facility utilization for delivery. Evidence for interventions to address women’s poor experience is scant. We assessed a participatory community and health system intervention to reduce the prevalence of disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanzania.

Methods and findings

We used a comparative before-and-after evaluation design to test the combined intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse. Two hospitals in Tanga Region, Tanzania were included in the study, 1 randomly assigned to receive the intervention. Women who delivered at the study facilities were eligible to participate and were recruited upon discharge. Surveys were conducted at baseline (December 2011 through May 2012) and after the intervention (March through September 2015). The intervention consisted of a client service charter and a facility-based, quality-improvement process aimed to redefine norms and practices for respectful maternity care. The primary outcome was any self-reported experiences of disrespect and abuse during childbirth. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate a difference-in-difference model. At baseline, 2,085 women at the 2 study hospitals who had been discharged from the maternity ward after delivery were invited to participate in the survey. Of these, 1,388 (66.57%) agreed to participate. At endline, 1,680 women participated in the survey (72.29% of those approached). The intervention was associated with a 66% reduced odds of a woman experiencing disrespect and abuse during childbirth (odds ratio [OR]: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.58, p < 0.0001). The biggest reductions were for physical abuse (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–0.97, p = 0.045) and neglect (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19–0.71, p = 0.003). The study involved only 2 hospitals in Tanzania and is thus a proof-of-concept study. Future, larger-scale research should be undertaken to evaluate the applicability of this approach to other settings.

Conclusions

After implementation of the combined intervention, the likelihood of women’s reports of disrespectful treatment during childbirth was substantially reduced. These results were observed nearly 1 year after the end of the project’s facilitation of implementation, indicating the potential for sustainability. The results indicate that a participatory community and health system intervention designed to tackle disrespect and abuse by changing the norms and standards of care is a potential strategy to improve the treatment of women during childbirth at health facilities. The trial is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN 48258486.
Motion enhances or reduces target visibility, depending on prediction and postdiction of shape
Creators: name: Lenkic, Peter Jordan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Motion masking refers to the finding that objects are less visible when they appear as part of an apparent motion sequence than when they appear for the same duration in isolation. Against this backdrop of generally impaired visibility, there are reports of a relative visibility benefit when a target on the motion path is spatiotemporally predictable versus when it is unpredictable. The present study investigates whether prediction based on the shape of the originating stimulus in the motion sequence, and postdiction based on the terminating shape, is an aid to the visibility of a target in motion. In Experiment 1 these factors are examined separately for originating and terminating stimuli; in Experiment 2 they are examined in combination. The results show that both factors influence target discriminability in an additive way, suggesting that the processes of prediction and postdiction have independent influences on visibility. Experiment 3 examines the same display sequences with a different psychophysical task (i.e., detection) in an effort to reconcile the present findings with previous contradictory results. The upshot is that in contrast to the results for discrimination, target detection is influenced little by these factors. Experiments 4 and 5 examine the discrimination of a fine shape detail of the target, in contrast to the crude discrimination of target orientation in Experiments 1 and 2. This design also eliminates the opportunity for decision-biases to influence the results. The results show that predictable motion has a strong positive influence on target shape discrimination, to the extent that it makes a backward-masked target even more visible than when it appears in isolation. These findings are related to the empirical literature on visual masking and interpreted within the theoretical framework of object updating.
title: A Study on the Usefulness of Superb Microvascular ultrasound Imaging(SMI) in Vascular Sonography by Comparing the Conventional Doppler Mode : a Phantom Study
Creators: name: KIM, SUJI
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Equipment
subject: Image verification
subject: Retrospective
subject: Experimental

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: There are reports that recent advances in diagnostic radiology equipment have contributed to an increase in the discovery of various lesions.[1]Among them, color Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound based on the Doppler effect are being...
A study on the fluid-structure interaction and biomechanical effects of the eye on iop measurements using a vibration based tonometry
Creators: name: Salimi, Samira
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 134-138
description: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a group of diseases of the optic nerve that is generally characterized by an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). Early diagnosis and treatments through eye exams may prevent the visual damage from glaucoma. Monitoring the IOP is one of the most common ways for detecting the progression of this disease as high IOP can lead to glaucoma and vision loss. This study investigates the correlation between IOP and vibration characteristics of the eye to examine the potential of measurements of variation in these characteristics as an estimate in changing IOP. In this regards, a finite element model of the eye subjected to vibration was developed. This model led to solve a problem of fluid-structural interactions of a generally spherically shaped shell system. The structural dynamic effects due to change in pressure of the fluid were also examined. The finite element model was verified by comparing its vibrational characteristics with the results of an experimental modal analysis on an elastic spherical shell filled with water. The numerical model was then used to analyze a finite element model of a pig eye. The results of the numerical model were supported by performing a series of experimental modal analysis (EMA) on the enucleated pig eyes. The comparisons between the finite element model and the experimental results showed that an increase in the IOP results in an increase the natural frequencies of the eye. The influences of different biomechanical properties of the eye were also investigated through a statistical analysis on the pig eyes and a design of experiment analysis on the finite element model of the eye. A non-contact vibration based tonometery was designed based on the correlations between IOP and natural frequencies of the eye. The applicability of the design was examined through a finite element analysis. The eye in the design was excited through an air impulse and the acoustic pressure waves resultant from the vibrations of the eye were recorded through an array of pressure sensors that were located around the front of the eye. Dynamics of the eye were then analyzed through acquiring the frequency contents of the measurements at the sensors. The influences of the different design variables were also investigated through an optimization study.
title: Quality improvement project to improve ward doctor competency in chest x-ray interpretation of NG tube placement
Creators: name: Houghton, Eilidh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: GI Tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: eHealth
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Education
subject: eLearning
subject: Education and training
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Feeding into a misplaced nasogastric tube (NGT) is a ‘never event’, defined by the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) as ‘wholly preventable where guidance or safety recommendations that provide strong systemic protective barrier are...
The mass distribution of the Fornax dSph: constraints from its globular cluster distribution
Creators: name: Cole, David R.
name: Dehnen, Walter
name: Read, Justin I.
name: Wilkinson, Mark I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniquely among the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, Fornax hosts globular clusters. It remains a puzzle as to why dynamical friction has not yet dragged any of Fornax's five globular clusters to the centre, and also why there is no evidence that any similar star cluster has been in the past (for Fornax or any other dSph). We set up a suite of 2800 N-body simulations that sample the full range of globular-cluster orbits and mass models consistent with all existing observational constraints for Fornax. In agreement with previous work, we find that if Fornax has a large dark-matter core then its globular clusters remain close to their currently observed locations for long times. Furthermore, we find previously unreported behaviour for clusters that start inside the core region. These are pushed out of the core and gain orbital energy, a process we call 'dynamical buoyancy'. Thus a cored mass distribution in Fornax will naturally lead to a shell-like globular cluster distribution near the core radius, independent of the initial conditions. By contrast, CDM-type cusped mass distributions lead to the rapid infall of at least one cluster within Δt = 1-2Gyr, except when picking unlikely initial conditions for the cluster orbits (\sim 2% probability), and almost all clusters within Δt = 10Gyr. Alternatively, if Fornax has only a weakly cusped mass distribution, dynamical friction is much reduced. While over Δt = 10Gyr this still leads to the infall of 1-4 clusters from their present orbits, the infall of any cluster within Δt = 1-2Gyr is much less likely (with probability 0-70%, depending on Δt and the strength of the cusp). Such a solution to the timing problem requires that in the past the globular clusters were somewhat further from Fornax than today; they most likely did not form within Fornax, but were accreted.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 12 of Human induced-T-to-natural killer cells have potent anti-tumour activities
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhiwu
name: Qin, Le
name: Tang, Yuou
name: Liao, Rui
name: Shi, Jingxuan
name: He, Bingjia
name: Li, Shanglin
name: Zheng, Diwei
name: Cui, Yuanbin
name: Wu, Qiting
name: Long, Youguo
name: Yao, Yao
name: Wei, Zhihui
name: Hong, Qilan
name: Wu, Yi
name: Mai, Yuanbang
name: Gou, Shixue
name: Li, Xiaoping
name: Weinkove, Robert
name: Norton, Sam
name: Luo, Wei
name: Feng, Weineng
name: Zhou, Hongsheng
name: Liu, Qifa
name: Chen, Jiekai
name: Lai, Liangxue
name: Chen, Xinwen
name: Pei, Duanqing
name: Graf, Thomas
name: Liu, Xingguo
name: Li, Yangqiu
name: Liu, Pentao
name: Zhang, Zhenfeng
name: Li, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 12: Table S11. Biological characterizations of human ITNK, T, and NK cells.
title: Correlation between Background Parenchymal Enhancement and fibroglandular tissue in the magnetic resonance of the breast and the possible response to neoadjuvant cancer therapy
Creators: name: Moschetta, Marco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The aim of our work is to evaluate the potential predictivity of the response to neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments through the qualitative analysis of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) using breast magnetic...
Decline in CD4 T lymphocytes with monotherapy bridging strategy for non-adherent adolescents living with HIV infection: Results of the IMPAACT P1094 randomized trial
Creators: name: Agwu, Allison L.
name: Warshaw, Meredith G.
name: McFarland, Elizabeth J.
name: Siberry, George K.
name: Melvin, Ann J.
name: Wiznia, Andrew A.
name: Fairlie, Lee
name: Boyd, Sandra
name: Harding, Paul
name: Spiegel, Hans M. L.
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
name: Carey, Vincent J.
name: P1094 Study Team
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: HIV infections--Treatment
Patient compliance
Antiretroviral agents
T cells

description: Introduction

Management of persistently non-adherent youth living with HIV (YLHIV) with virologic failure (VF) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains challenging. One strategy has been using 3TC/ FTC monotherapy (3TC/FTC), which in the presence of the M184V resistance mutation, does not suppress viral replication nor select for additional drug resistance mutations, and reduces viral fitness with limited side effects. P1094 compared the immunologic outcome of continuing failing cART vs. switching to 3TC/FTC as a “bridging strategy” to subsequent suppressive cART for non-adherent YLHIV with pre-existing M184V resistance.

Materials & methods

Participants with documented nonadherence, M184V mutation, CD4+ T cell count ≥100 cells/mm3 and VF (HIV-1 plasma RNA ≥400 copies/mL (2.6 log10 HIV-1 RNA) were enrolled and randomized to continue failing cART vs. switch to 3TC/FTC. The primary endpoint (time to ≥30% CD4+ T cell decline or development of CDC class C events) at 28-weeks were assessed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves in an intent-to-treat analysis.

Results

Thirty-three perinatally acquired YLHIV participants (16 continuing cART and 17 3TC/FTC) enrolled in the study. The median age, entry CD4+ T cell count, and viral load were 15 years (Inter-quartile range (IQR) 14–20), 472 cells/mm3 (IQR 384–651), and 4.0 log10HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (IQR 3.2–4.5), respectively. Five participants, all in the 3TC/FTC arm, reached the primary endpoint for absolute CD4+ T cell decline (p = 0.02, exact log-rank test comparing monotherapy to cART). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of probability of primary endpoint on 3TC/FTC at 28 weeks was 0.41 (standard error 0.14). There were no CDC class C events or deaths and no statistically significant difference in frequencies of adverse events between the arms.

Conclusions

Non-adherent participants randomized to 3TC/FTC were more likely than those maintained on failing cART to experience a confirmed decline in CD4+ count of ≥30%. Although this study suffers from limitations of small sample size and premature discontinuation, the randomized comparison to continuing failing cART indicates that 3TC/FTC provides inferior protection from immunologic deterioration for non-adherent youth with M184V resistance. Better alternatives to 3TC/FTC such as ART with higher barriers to resistance and novel adherence and treatment strategies for nonadherent youth are urgently needed.
Coupling Unification, GUT-Scale Baryogenesis and Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation in SO(10)
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Mohapatra, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that unification of the three gauge couplings can be realized consistently in a class of non-supersymmetric SO(10) models with a one-step breaking to the Standard Model if a color-sextet scalar field survives down to the TeV scale. Such scalars, which should be accessible to the LHC for direct detection, arise naturally in SO(10) as remnants of the seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses. The diquark couplings of these scalars lead to ΔB = 2 baryon number violating processes such as neutron-antineutron oscillation. We estimate the free neutron-antineutron transition time to be τ_{n-\bar{n}} \approx (10^9-10^{12}) sec., which is in the interesting range for next generation n-\bar{n} oscillation experiments. These models also realize naturally the recently proposed (B-L)-violating GUT scale baryogenesis which survives to low temperatures unaffected by the electroweak sphaleron interactions.
description: 15 pages, 4 eps figures, references added, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
A numerical framework for interstitial fluid pressure imaging in poroelastic MRE
Creators: name: Tan, Likun
name: McGarry, Matthew D. J.
name: Van Houten, Elijah E. W.
name: Ji, Ming
name: Solamen, Ligin
name: Zeng, Wei
name: Weaver, John B.
name: Paulsen, Keith D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biomedical engineering
Elastography
Sound pressure
Magnetic resonance imaging
Materials

description: A numerical framework for interstitial fluid pressure imaging (IFPI) in biphasic materials is investigated based on three-dimensional nonlinear finite element poroelastic inversion. The objective is to reconstruct the time-harmonic pore-pressure field from tissue excitation in addition to the elastic parameters commonly associated with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). The unknown pressure boundary conditions (PBCs) are estimated using the available full-volume displacement data from MRE. A subzone-based nonlinear inversion (NLI) technique is then used to update mechanical and hydrodynamical properties, given the appropriate subzone PBCs, by solving a pressure forward problem (PFP). The algorithm was evaluated on a single-inclusion phantom in which the elastic property and hydraulic conductivity images were recovered. Pressure field and material property estimates had spatial distributions reflecting their true counterparts in the phantom geometry with RMS errors around 20% for cases with 5% noise, but degraded significantly in both spatial distribution and property values for noise levels > 10%. When both shear moduli and hydraulic conductivity were estimated along with the pressure field, property value error rates were as high as 58%, 85% and 32% for the three quantities, respectively, and their spatial distributions were more distorted. Opportunities for improving the algorithm are discussed.
Inhibition of NF-κB improves the stress resistance and myogenic differentiation of MDSPCs isolated from naturally aged mice
Creators: name: Proto, Jonathan D.
name: Lu, Aiping
name: Dorronsoro, Akaitz
name: Scibetta, Alex
name: Robbins, Paul
name: Niedernhofer, Laura J.
name: Huard, Johnny
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Stem cells
Transcription factors
Medicine
Aging
Biology

description: A decline in the regenerative capacity of adult stem cells with aging is well documented. As a result of this decline, the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapies is likely to decline with increasing donor age. In these cases, strategies to restore the function of aged stem cells would have clinical utility. Globally, the transcription factor NF-κB is up-regulated in aged tissues. Given the negative role that NF-κB plays in myogenesis, we investigated whether the age-related decline in the function of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) could be improved by inhibition of NF-κB. Herein, we demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of NF-κB activation increases myogenic differentiation and improves resistance to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that MDSPC “aging” may be reversible, and that pharmacologic targeting of pathways such as NF-κB may enhance the efficacy of cell-based therapies.
A New Microlensing Event in the Doubly-Imaged Quasar Q0957+561
Creators: name: Hainline, Laura J.
name: Morgan, Christopher W.
name: Beach, J. N.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Harris, Hugh C.
name: Tilleman, T.
name: Fadely, Ross
name: Falco, Emilio E.
name: Le, T. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for ultraviolet/optical microlensing in the gravitationally lensed quasar Q0957+561. We combine new measurements from our optical monitoring campaign at the United States Naval Observatory, Flagstaff (USNO) with measurements from the literature and find that the time-delay-corrected r-band flux ratio m_A - m_B has increased by ~0.1 magnitudes over a period of five years beginning in the fall of 2005. We apply our Monte Carlo microlensing analysis procedure to the composite light curves, obtaining a measurement of the optical accretion disk size, log {(r_s/cm)[cos(i)/0.5]^{1/2}} = 16.2^{+0.5}_{-0.6}, that is consistent with the quasar accretion disk size - black hole mass relation.
description: Replaced with accepted version. Minor adjustments to text but conclusions unchanged. Data in Table 2 have been updated and table now includes additional observations
Kinetic analysis of an anion exchange absorbent for CO2 capture from ambient air
Creators: name: Shi, Xiaoyang
name: Li, Qibin
name: Wang, Tao
name: Lackner, Klaus S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Carbon sequestration
subject: Atmospheric carbon dioxide
subject: Chemical kinetics

description: This study reports a preparation method of a new moisture swing sorbent for CO2 capture from air. The new sorbent components include ion exchange resin (IER) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a binder. The IER can absorb CO2 when surrounding is dry and release CO2 when surrounding is wet. The manuscript presents the studies of membrane structure, kinetic model of absorption process, performance of desorption process and the diffusivity of water molecules in the CO2 absorbent. It has been proved that the kinetic performance of CO2 absorption/desorption can be improved by using thin binder and hot water treatment. The fast kinetics of P-100-90C absorbent is due to the thin PVC binder, and high diffusion rate of H2O molecules in the sample. The impressive is this new CO2 absorbent has the fastest CO2 absorption rate among all absorbents which have been reported by other up-to-date literatures.
Quantum resonances in selective rotational excitation of molecules with a sequence of ultrashort laser pulses
Creators: name: Zhdanovich, S.
name: Bloomquist, C.
name: Floß, J.
name: Averbukh, I. Sh.
name: Hepburn, J. W.
name: Milner, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally the effect of quantum resonance in the rotational excitation of the simplest quantum rotor - a diatomic molecule. By using the techniques of high-resolution femtosecond pulse shaping and rotational state-resolved detection, we measure directly the amount of energy absorbed by molecules interacting with a periodic train of laser pulses, and study its dependence on the train period. We show that the energy transfer is significantly enhanced at quantum resonance, and use this effect for demonstrating selective rotational excitation of two nitrogen isotopologues, $ ^{14}N_2$ and $ ^{15}N_2$. Moreover, by tuning the period of the pulse train in the vicinity of a fractional quantum resonance, we achieve spin-selective rotational excitation of para- and ortho-isomers of $ ^{15}N_2$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Polymorphisms in dopaminergic system genes; association with criminal behavior and self-reported aggression in violent prison inmates from Pakistan
Creators: name: Qadeer, Muhammad Imran
name: Amar, Ali
name: Mann, J. John
name: Hasnain, Shahida
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Prison violence
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Dopaminergic mechanisms
subject: Criminal behavior--Genetic aspects
subject: Psychiatry

description: Genetic factors contribute to antisocial and criminal behavior. Dopamine transporter DAT-1 (SLC6A3) and DRD2 gene for the dopamine-2 receptor are dopaminergic system genes that regulate dopamine reuptake and signaling, and may be part of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders including antisocial behaviors and traits. No previous studies have analyzed DAT-1 and DRD2 polymorphisms in convicted murderers, particularly from Indian subcontinent. In this study we investigated the association of 40 bp VNTR polymorphism of DAT-1 and Taq1 variant of DRD2 gene (rs1800479) with criminal behavior and self-reported aggression in 729 subjects, including 370 men in Pakistani prisons convicted of first degree murder(s) and 359 control men without any history of violence or criminal tendency. The 9R allele of DAT-1 VNTR polymorphism was more prevalent in convicted murderers compared with control samples, for either one or two risk alleles (OR = 1.49 and 3.99 respectively, P = 0.003). This potential association of DAT-1 9R allele polymorphism with murderer phenotype was confirmed assuming different genetic models of inheritance. However, no genetic association was found for DRD2 Taq1 polymorphism. In addition, a combined haplotype (9R-A2) of DAT-1 and DRD2 genes was associated with this murderer phenotype. Further, 9R allele of DAT-1 was also associated with response to verbal abuse and parental marital complications, but not with other measures pertinent to self-reported aggression. These results suggest that 9R allele, which may influence levels of intra-synaptic dopamine in the brain, may contribute to criminal tendency in this sample of violent murderers of Pakistani origin. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding in other populations of murderers and see if this finding extends to other forms of violence and lesser degrees of aggression.
Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON 1906
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Celonites
Celonites jousseaumei

description: Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906
Celonites jousseaumei n.s.: DU BUYSSON 1906: 104 (descr. ♂ ♀, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura).
Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: BEQUAERT 1918: 269 (cat. Afr. reg.).
Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: VON SCHULTHESS 1923: 139-40 (key, Obock).
Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: VON SCHULTHESS 1933: 111 (tax., descr. ♂, Ambouli oasis).
Celonites jousseaumei jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: RICHARDS 1962: 33 (biol.), 216 (key), 223 (tax., biol., Ambouli oasis, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura), 225 (figs 173, 174).
Celonites jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: GESS 1996: 101 (biol.), 114 (biol.), 215 (cat. biol.), 308 (world cat.).
Celonites jousseaumei jousseaumei DU BUYSSON, 1906: CARPENTER 2001: 10 (world cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Ambouli, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura.
Celonites jousseaumei is known from the Afrotropical (Djibouti, Sudan) and Palaearctic (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Oman, Quatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) regions.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 921, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Early menarche: A systematic review of its effect on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Ibitoye, Mobolaji Omowumi
name: Choi, Cecilia
name: Tai, Hina
name: Lee, Grace
name: Sommer, Marni
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Menarche
Sexual health
Developing countries
Teenage girls--Health and hygiene
Reproductive health

description: Background

Adolescent girls aged 15–19 bear a disproportionate burden of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Research from several high-income countries suggests that early age at menarche is an important determinant of sexual and reproductive health. We conducted this systematic review to better understand whether and how early menarche is associated with various negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries and the implications of such associations.

Methods

We systematically searched eight health and social sciences databases for peer-reviewed literature on menarche and sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. Two reviewers independently assessed all studies for inclusion, overall quality and risk of bias, and performed data extraction on all included studies.

Results

Twenty-four articles met all inclusion criteria–nine of moderate quality and fifteen with several methodological weaknesses. Our review of the minimal existing literature showed that early menarche is associated with early sexual initiation, early pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries, similar to what has been observed in high-income countries. Early menarche is also associated with early marriage–an association that may have particularly important implications for countries with high child marriage rates.

Conclusions

Early age at menarche may be an important factor affecting the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries. More research is needed to confirm the existence of the identified associations across different settings and to better understand the process through which early menarche and other markers of early pubertal development may contribute to the increased vulnerability of girls to negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Given the association of early menarche with early marriage, ongoing efforts to reduce child marriage may benefit from targeting efforts to early maturing girls.
title: Accuracy of the Ultrasound in Detecting Palpable Solid breast Masses
Creators: name: Hamad, Wijdan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: B reast masses have become common in women. Such masses may pose a potential threat to women especially when it belongs to breast cancer. The early diagnosis and management of breast masses are therefore important to reduce mortality. The...
Interplay between the magnetic and electric degrees-of-freedom in multiferroic Co3TeO6
Creators: name: Li, Wen-Hsien
name: Wang, Chin-Wei
name: Hsu, Daniel
name: Lee, Chi-Hung
name: Wu, Chun-Ming
name: Chou, Chih-Chieh
name: Yang, Hung-Duen
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Chang, Sung
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
name: Berger, Helmuth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and dielectric constant measurements of single crystal Co3TeO6 have been measured to study the interplay between the ferroelectricity and magnetic order. Long range incommensurate magnetic order develops below TM1=26 K, which is followed by three additional zero-field phase transitions at TM2=19.5 K, TM3=18 K, and TM4=16 K where the incommensurate order changes and commensurate order develops. In magnetic fields up to 14 T we find that the magnetic intensities and incommensurate wave vector are dramatically altered as ferroelectricity develops, with a fifth abrupt transition around 10 T. The overall behavior characterizes Co3TeO6 as a type-II multiferroic.
description: Phys. Rev. B (in press)
title: A new 3-dimesional device positioning method using C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy for transbronchial biopsy- A study of error estimation using machine learning -
Creators: name: Nagashima, Chieko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Projection Radiography
subject: Lung
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Biopsy
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Usually, the position of the biopsy device in bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions（PPLs） is confirmed by X-ray fluoroscopy. However, X-ray image has been not easy to confirm the position in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction, and the...
title: Erosion and runoff generation from fire disturbed Mediterranean forest area
title: Hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Rulli, Maria Cristina
name: Spada, Matteo
name: Bozzi, Silvia
name: Bocchiola, Daniele
name: Rosso, Renzo
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2005

description: 2005 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 7 - March 9, 2005.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: A set of rainfall simulator experiments was carried out in the Liguria region, Italy, immediately after a fire occurred in early August 2003, to assess the effects of runoff, erosion and soil properties, induced by forest fires in Mediterranean areas. Three rainfall events, with different antecedent soil moisture conditions (dry, wet, very wet), were simulated on two 30 m2 plots, established on areas with different fire histories (i.e. recently burned and burned six years before the field experiments) and characterized by the same main physiographic features. Each simulation consisted of a single 60 minutes application of rainfall at a constant rate of about 76 mm h-1. The experimental results showed runoff ration, evaluated for different pre-event soil moisture conditions, ranging from 0 to 2% in the plot burned six years before, and from 21 to 41% in the recently burned plot. Particularly, the runoff ration from the burned plot was 60 times more than that from the area unburned in the last six years, for the wet run, and 20 times more, for the very wet run. Large increases in sediment yields were measured from the burned plot compared with the unburned one. Suspended sediment yields from the burned plot were more than two orders of magnitude bigger than that from the control plot in all the simulated events.
A Gapless Hard Wall: Magnetic Catalysis in Bulk and Boundary
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Laia, João N.
name: Tong, David
name: Wong, Kenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study various aspects of fermions and their chiral condensates, both in the bulk of AdS4 spacetime and in the dual boundary theory. For the most part, we focus on a geometry with an infra-red hard wall. We show that, contrary to common lore, there exist boundary conditions in which the hard wall gives rise to a discrete, but gapless, fermionic spectrum. In such a setting, the presence of a magnetic field induces a bulk fermion condensate which spontaneously breaks CP invariance. We develop the holographic dictionary between composite operators and show that this bulk condensate has the interpretation of boundary magnetic catalysis involving a double-trace operator. Finally, we explain how one can replace the hard wall with bulk magnetic monopoles. In such a framework, magnetic catalysis can be viewed as a consequence of the Callan-Rubakov effect.
description: 43 pages. v2: reference added
Abnormal neurofilament inclusions and segregations in dorsal root ganglia of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E mouse model
Creators: name: Zhao, Jian
name: Brown, Kristy B.
name: Liem, Ronald K. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Nerves, Peripheral--Diseases
Neuropathy
Pathology
Axons

description: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy is the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy and is associated with over 90 causative genes. Mutations in neurofilament light polypeptide gene, NEFL cause CMT2E, an axonal form of CMT that results in abnormal structures and/or functions of peripheral axons in spinal cord motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have previously generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model of CMT2E with the N98S mutation in Nefl that presented with multiple inclusions in spinal cord neurons. In this report, we conduct immunofluorescence studies of cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from NeflN98S/+ mice, and show that inclusions found in DRG neurites can occur in embryonic stages. Ultrastructural analyses reveal that the inclusions are disordered neurofilaments packed in high density, segregated from other organelles. Immunochemical studies show decreased NFL protein levels in DRG, cerebellum and spinal cord in NeflN98S/+ mice, and total NFL protein pool is shifted toward the triton-insoluble fraction. Our findings reveal the nature of the inclusions in NeflN98S/+ mice, provide useful information to understand mechanisms of CMT2E disease, and identify DRG from NeflN98S/+ mice as a useful cell line model for therapeutic discoveries.
Toward ensemble asteroseismology of ZZ Ceti stars with fully evolutionary models
Creators: name: Romero, Alejandra D.
name: Córsico, Alejandro H.
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: Castanheira, Barbara G.
name: Bertolami, Marcelo M. Miller
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ZZ Ceti stars form the most numerous group of degenerate variable stars. They are otherwise normal DA (H-rich atmospheres) white dwarfs that exhibit pulsations. Here, we present an asteroseismological analysis for 44 bright ZZ Ceti stars based on a new set of fully evolutionary DA white dwarf models characterized by detailed chemical profiles from the centre to the surface. One of our targets is the archetypal ZZ Ceti star G117$-$B15A, for which we obtain an asteroseismological model with an effective temperature and a surface gravity in excellent agreement with the spectroscopy. The asteroseismological analysis of a set of 44 ZZ Ceti stars has the potential to characterize the global properties of the class, in particular the thicknesses of the hydrogen envelope and the stellar masses. Our results support the belief that white dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood harbor a broad range of hydrogen-layer thickness.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Technique for Primary Beam Calibration of Drift-Scanning, Wide-Field Antenna Elements
Creators: name: Pober, Jonathan C.
name: Parsons, Aaron R.
name: Jacobs, Daniel C.
name: Aguirre, James E.
name: Bradley, Richard F.
name: Carilli, Chris L.
name: Gugliucci, Nicole E.
name: Moore, David F.
name: Parashare, Chaitali R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique for calibrating the primary beam of a wide-field, drift-scanning antenna element. Drift-scan observing is not compatible with standard beam calibration routines, and the situation is further complicated by difficult-to-parametrize beam shapes and, at low frequencies, the sparsity of accurate source spectra to use as calibrators. We overcome these challenges by building up an interrelated network of source "crossing points" -- locations where the primary beam is sampled by multiple sources. Using the single assumption that a beam has 180 degree rotational symmetry, we can achieve significant beam coverage with only a few tens of sources. The resulting network of crossing points allows us to solve for both a beam model and source flux densities referenced to a single calibrator source, circumventing the need for a large sample of well-characterized calibrators. We illustrate the method with actual and simulated observations from the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER).
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, revised to match version accepted by AJ
Euclidean Windows
Creators: name: Cavallar, Stefania
name: Lemmermeyer, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R11

description: In this paper we study number fields which are Euclidean with respect to a function different from the absolute value of the norm. We also show that the Euclidean minimum with respect to weighted norms may be irrational and not isolated.