cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Barriers and facilitators of successful weight loss during participation in behavioural weight management programmes: a protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Thomson, Meigan
name: Martin, Anne
name: Logue, Jennifer
name: Wells, Valerie
name: Simpson, Sharon A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA Checklist.
Discovery of a near-infrared bar and a pseudobulge in the collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel
Creators: name: Barway, Sudhanshu
name: Mayya, Y. D.
name: Robleto-Orús, Aitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a bar, a pseudobulge and unresolved point source in the archetype collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel using careful morphological analysis of a near-infrared (NIR) K$_s$ band image of excellent quality (seeing=0.42\arcsec) at the ESO archive. The bar is oval-shaped with a semi-major axis length of 3.23\arcsec\($\sim$2.09~kpc), with almost a flat light distribution along it. The bulge is almost round (ellipticity=0.21) with an effective radius of 1.62\arcsec\ ($\sim$1.05~kpc) and a Sersic index of 0.99, parameters typical of pseudobulges in late-type galaxies. The newly discovered bar is not recognisable as such in the optical images even with more than a factor of two higher spatial resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope, due to a combination of its red colour and the presence of dusty features. The observed bar and pseudobulge most likely belonged to the pre-collisional progenitor of the Cartwheel. The discovery of a bar in an archetype collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel is the first observational evidence to confirm the prediction that bars can survive a drop-through collision along with the morphological structures like a central bulge (pseudo).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Inequivalent Quantizations of the N = 3 Calogero model with Scale and Mirror-S_3 Symmetry
Creators: name: Yonezawa, Nobuhiro
name: Tsutsui, Izumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the inequivalent quantizations of the N = 3 Calogero model by separation of variables, in which the model decomposes into the angular and the radial parts. Our inequivalent quantizations respect the ` mirror-S_3\rq\ invariance (which realizes the symmetry under the cyclic permutations of the particles) and the scale invariance in the limit of vanishing harmonic potential. We find a two-parameter family of novel quantizations in the angular part and classify the eigenstates in terms of the irreducible representations of the S_3 group. The scale invariance restricts the quantization in the radial part uniquely, except for the eigenstates coupled to the lowest two angular levels for which two types of boundary conditions are allowed independently from all upper levels. It is also found that the eigenvalues corresponding to the singlet representations of the S_3 are universal (parameter-independent) in the family, whereas those corresponding to the doublets of the S_3 are dependent on one of the parameters. These properties are shown to be a consequence of the spectral preserving SU(2) (or its subrgoup U(1)) transformations allowed in the family of inequivalent quantizations.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX
Additional file 2 of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in southwest Iran
Creators: name: Golnar Sabetian
name: Moghadami, Mohsen
name: Haghighi, Leila Hashemizadeh Fard
name: Shahriarirad, Reza
name: Fallahi, Mohammad Javad
name: Naeimehossadat Asmarian
name: Yalda Sadat Moeini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Frequency of tests and positive cases among healthcare workers in Fars, Southern Iran.
THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE OVENS ON THE DEMAND FOR FRESH AND FROZEN POTATOES
Creators: name: Guenthner, Joseph F.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Levi, Annette E.
name: Guenthner, Joseph F.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Levi, Annette E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Growth in the number of homes with microwave ovens has changed food preferences and preparation methods. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that microwave oven ownership has had on the demand for fresh and frozen potatoes. Using data from the 1970-88 period, demand equations were estimated for fresh potatoes, frozen potatoes in the retail market and frozen potatoes in the food service market. Results indicate that increases in the percentage of homes that own microwave ovens have shifted demand outward for fresh potatoes but inward for frozen potatoes. If potato processors can develop a microwave frozen French fry that satisfies consumers, microwave ovens could boost the demand for frozen potatoes along with the increase in demand for fresh potatoes.
Persistent Chaos in High Dimensions
Creators: name: Albers, D. J.
name: Sprott, J. C.
name: Crutchfield, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive statistical survey of universal approximators shows that as the dimension of a typical dissipative dynamical system is increased, the number of positive Lyapunov exponents increases monotonically and the number of parameter windows with periodic behavior decreases. A subset of parameter space remains in which topological change induced by small parameter variation is very common. It turns out, however, that if the system's dimension is sufficiently high, this inevitable, and expected, topological change is never catastrophic, in the sense chaotic behavior is preserved. One concludes that deterministic chaos is persistent in high dimensions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; Changes in response to referee comments
Dark Matter Substructure under the Electron Scattering Lamppost
Creators: name: Buch, Jatan
name: Buen-Abad, Manuel A.
name: Fan, JiJi
name: Leung, John Shing Chau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mutual relationship between dark matter-electron scattering experiments and possible new dark matter substructure nearby hinted by the Gaia data. We show how kinematic substructure could affect the average and modulation spectra of dark matter-electron scattering in semiconductors, and the discovery reaches of future experiments with these targets. Conversely, we demonstrate how future data could probe and constrain the substructure dark matter fraction, even when it constitutes a sub-dominant component of the local dark matter density.
description: 10 figures, 4 tables; comments welcome
Floquet-engineered enhancement of coherence times in a driven fluxonium qubit
Creators: name: Mundada, Pranav S.
name: Gyenis, András
name: Huang, Ziwen
name: Koch, Jens
name: Houck, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the quasienergy structure that emerges when a fluxonium superconducting circuit is driven periodically to encode quantum information with dynamically induced flux-insensitive sweet spots. The framework of Floquet theory provides an intuitive description of these high-coherence working points located away from the half-flux symmetry point of the undriven qubit. This approach offers flexibility in choosing the flux bias point and the energy of the logical qubit states as shown in [\textit{Huang et al., 2020}]. We characterize the response of the system to noise in the modulation amplitude and DC flux bias, and experimentally demonstrate an optimal working point which is simultaneously insensitive against fluctuations in both. We observe a 40-fold enhancement of the qubit coherence times measured with Ramsey-type interferometry at the dynamical sweet spot compared with static operation at the same bias point.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
A semi-linear wave model for critical collapse
Creators: name: Fernández, Isabel Suárez
name: Vicente, Rodrigo
name: Hilditch, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spherical symmetry compelling numerical evidence suggests that in general relativity solutions near the threshold of black hole formation exhibit critical behavior. One aspect of this is that threshold solutions themselves are self-similar and are, in a certain sense, unique. To an extent yet to be fully understood, the same phenomena persist beyond spherical symmetry. It is therefore desirable to construct models that exhibit such symmetry at the threshold of blow-up. Starting with deformations of the wave equation, we discuss models which have discretely self-similar threshold solutions. We study threshold solutions in the past light cone of the blow-up point. In spherical symmetry there is a sense in which a unique critical solution exists. Spherical numerical evolutions are also presented for more general models, and exhibit similar behavior. Away from spherical symmetry threshold solutions attain more freedom. Different topologies of blow-up are possible, and even locally the critical solution needs reinterpretation as a parameterized family.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Countries with delayed COVID-19 introduction – characteristics, drivers, gaps, and opportunities
Creators: name: Li, Zheng
name: Jones, Cynthia
name: Girum S. Ejigu
name: George, Nisha
name: Geller, Amanda L.
name: Chang, Gregory C.
name: Adamski, Alys
name: Ledor S. Igboh
name: Merrill, Rebecca D.
name: Ricks, Philip
name: Mirza, Sara A.
name: Lynch, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. COVID-19 Testing Capability and Capacity Summary. Table S2. Travel Restrictions and Border Closures Summary. Table S3. Screening and Travel Quarantine Summary. Table S4. Preparedness Activities Summary.
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD SAFETY
Creators: name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
name: Elnagheeb, Abdelmoneim H.
name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
name: Elnagheeb, Abdelmoneim H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The results of a 1986 nationwide survey concerning public perceptions of agriculture are presented. Specifically, the paper reports on those questions having to do with food safety, nutrition, taste, and freshness, as well as the use of antibiotics in animal feed. An ordered probit model is used to analyze the socioeconomic factors that influenced the perceptions of respondents from the Southern region. While most respondents found food to be safer, more nutritious, and fresher than in previous times, most did not think food was better tasting. A majority were concerned about the health effects of antibiotics in animal feed.
CONSUMER HOME-USE EVALUATION OF A DEVELOPED LEAN GROUND BEEF PRODUCT
Creators: name: Dunkelberger, John E.
name: Summerford, Douglas H.
name: Adrian, John L.
name: Huffman, Dale L.
name: Egbert, W. Russell
name: Dunkelberger, John E.
name: Summerford, Douglas H.
name: Adrian, John L.
name: Huffman, Dale L.
name: Egbert, W. Russell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study reports findings on the acceptance of a new lean ground beef product. Tested products involved 1) a Developed Lean product (less than 10% fat plus quality enhancers), 2) a Lean product (less than 10% fat without quality enhancers), and 3) a Market product (slightly more than 20% fat). These products were home delivered on a rotating basis to a random sample of 91 households, one product each week for three weeks. Product traits were evaluated by the household meal preparer at three stages of home use: preparing (5 traits), cooking (3 traits), and eating (4 traits), and by other household members at the final consumption stage of eating. More favorable ratings were observed for both Developed Lean and Lean products over the Market product at the preparing and cooking stages. Ratings at the eating stage were similar between the Developed Lean and the Market products indicating a favorable response to the Developed Lean product.
Lorentz Invariance Breakdown and Constraints from Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Lambiase, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model Extension formulated by Colladay and Kostelecký is reviewed in the framework of the $^4He$ primordial abundance. Upper bounds on coefficients for the Lorentz violation are derived using the present observational data.
description: 4 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. D (Brief Report)
Is there slow particle transport in the MBL phase?
Creators: name: Luitz, David J.
name: Lev, Yevgeny Bar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the saturation value of the bipartite entanglement and number entropy starting from a random product state deep in the MBL phase. By studying the probability distributions of these entropies we find that the growth of the saturation value of the entanglement entropy stems from a significant reshuffling of the weight in the probability distributions from the bulk to the exponential tails. In contrast, the probability distributions of the saturation value of the number entropy are converged with system size, and exhibit a sharp cut-off for values of the number entropy which correspond to one particle fluctuating across the boundary between the two halves of the system. Our results therefore rule out slow particle transport deep in the MBL phase and confirm that the slow entanglement entropy production stems uniquely from configurational entanglement.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in southwest Iran
Creators: name: Golnar Sabetian
name: Moghadami, Mohsen
name: Haghighi, Leila Hashemizadeh Fard
name: Shahriarirad, Reza
name: Fallahi, Mohammad Javad
name: Naeimehossadat Asmarian
name: Yalda Sadat Moeini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Healthcare worker COVID-19 screening data collection form.
Brownian Motion Model of Quantization Ambiguity and Universality in Chaotic Systems
Creators: name: Kaplan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine spectral equilibration of quantum chaotic spectra to universal statistics, in the context of the Brownian motion model. Two competing time scales, proportional and inversely proportional to the classical relaxation time, jointly govern the equilibration process. Multiplicity of quantum systems having the same semiclassical limit is not sufficient to obtain equilibration of any spectral modes in two-dimensional systems, while in three-dimensional systems equilibration for some spectral modes is possible if the classical relaxation rate is slow. Connections are made with upper bounds on semiclassical accuracy and with fidelity decay in the presence of a weak perturbation.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys Rev E
A high coverage view of the thermodynamics and metal abundance in the outskirts of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199
Creators: name: Mirakhor, M. S.
name: Walker, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a joint Suzaku and XMM-Newton analysis of the outskirts of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199, the only nearby galaxy cluster to be observed with near complete azimuthal coverage with Suzaku. Using the XMM-Newton observations to correct for the effects of gas clumping, we find that the azimuthally averaged entropy profile in the outskirts follows a power law with a slope of $1.20 \pm 0.23$, statistically consistent with a slope of 1.1 predicted by non-radiative simulations for purely gravitational hierarchical structure formation. However, when divided into 10 sectors, the entropy shows significant azimuthal variation, with some sectors lying below the baseline level. The azimuthally averaged gas mass fraction is found to agree with the cosmic mean baryon fraction. The metal abundance in the outskirts is found to be consistent with being uniform in all directions and it has an average value of $0.29_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\,Z_{\odot}$, consistent with the gas accreting onto clusters being pre-enriched with metals.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 7 of Population variation in miRNAs and isomiRs and their impact on human immunity to infection
Creators: name: Rotival, Maxime
name: Siddle, Katherine J.
name: Silvert, Martin
name: Pothlichet, Julien
name: Quach, Hélène
name: Quintana-Murci, Lluis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7. Review history.
The performance of thin NaI(Tl) scintillator plate for dark matter search
Creators: name: Fushimi, K.
name: Kawasuso, H.
name: Aihara, E.
name: Hayami, R.
name: Toi, M.
name: Yasuda, K.
name: Nakayama, S.
name: Koori, N.
name: Nomachi, M.
name: Ichihara, K.
name: Hazama, R.
name: Yoshida, S.
name: Umehara, S.
name: Imagawa, K.
name: Ito, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thin (0.05cm) and wide area (5cmX5cm) NaI(Tl) scintillator was developed. The performance of the thin NaI(Tl) plate, energy resolution, single photoelectron energy and position sensitivity were tested. An excellent energy resolution of 20% (FWHM) at 60keV was obtained. The single photoelectron energy was calculated to be approximately 0.42 0.02keV. Position information in the 5cmx5cm area of the detector was also obtained by analyzing the ratio of the number of photons collected at opposite ends of the detector. The position resolution was obtained to be 1cm (FWHM) in the 5cmx5cm area.
description: 10 pages. Accepted to Journal of Physical Society of Japan
Additional file 1 of High plasma adiponectin is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow and reduced right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Creators: name: Dongling Luo
name: Pengyuan Chen
name: Ziyang Yang
name: Yongheng Fu
name: Yigao Huang
name: Hezhi Li
name: Jimei Chen
name: Zhuang, Jian
name: Zhang, Caojin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics in patients with (RVF group) or without (missing group) data of right ventricular function(RVF).
Artificial electric field and electron hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Tavakol, Omid
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the electron dynamics in quantum matter, the Berry curvature of the electronic wave function provides the artificial magnetic field (AMF) in momentum space, which leads to non-trivial contributions to transport coefficients. It is known that in the presence of electron-electron and/or electron-phonon interactions, there is an extra contribution to the electron dynamics due to the artificial electric field (AEF) in momentum space. In this work, we construct hydrodynamic equations for the electrons in time-reversal invariant but inversion-breaking systems and find the novel hydrodynamic coefficients related to the AEF. Furthermore, we investigate the novel linear and non-linear transport coefficients in presence of the AEF.
description: 6 pages + 10 pages appendix, 2 figures
BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves. V. eBEER: Extension of the Algorithm to Eccentric Binaries
Creators: name: Engel, M.
name: Faigler, S.
name: Shahaf, S.
name: Mazeh, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the BEER model for eccentric binaries - eBEER, approximating the BEaming, Ellipsoidal and Reflection effects by harmonic series of the Keplerian elements of their orbit. As such, it can be a tool for fast processing of light curves for detecting non-eclipsing eccentric binary systems. To validate the applicability of the eccentric model and its approximations, we applied eBEER to the Kepler light curves, identified a sample of bright non-eclipsing binary candidates, and followed three of them with the Wise observatory eShel spectrograph. After confirming the three systems are indeed radial-velocity (RV) binaries, we fitted the light curves and the RV data with PHOEBE, a detailed numerical light-curve and RV model, and showed that the PHOEBE derived parameters are similar to those obtained by the eBEER approximation.
description: Accepted 2020 July 16. Received 2020 July 15; in original form 2019 October 16. 21 pages, 2 figures
30 Doradus - a Template for "Real Starbursts"?
Creators: name: Brandl, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 30 Doradus is the closest massive star forming region and the best studied template of a starburst. In this conference paper we first summarize the properties of 30 Doradus and its stellar core, R136. We discuss the effects of insufficient spatial resolution and cluster density profiles on dynamical mass estimates of super star clusters, and show that their masses can be easily overestimated by a factor of ten or more. From a very simple model, with R136-like clusters as representative building blocks, we estimate typical luminosities of the order 10^11 L_o for starburst galaxies.
description: To be published in "Starbursts: From 30 Doradus to Lyman Break Galaxies", eds. R. de Grijs & R.M. Gonzalez Delgado
Observational Tests of Intergalactic Enrichment Models
Creators: name: Aguirre, Anthony
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize recent results assessing the carbon and silicon abundances of the intergalactic medium (IGM) using the `pixel optical depth' technique. We briefly discuss the implications of these results for models of intergalactic enrichment, focusing on distinguishing `early' z >> 4 enrichment by the first generations of stars and objects from `late' enrichment by 2 < z < 5 Ly-break galaxies. We then discuss the comparison of observed QSO spectra to simulated spectra generated from cosmological simulations that self-consistently include enrichment, and draw qualitative implications for the general picture of intergalactic enrichment at z > 2.
description: 6 pages, to appear in proceedings of IAU 199 conference, "Probing Galaxies through Quasar Absorption Lines," eds. Williams, Shu, Menard
Study and Implementation of Picoblaze Microcontroller
Creators: name: Amirany, Abdolah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Soft processors
Programmable Logic Devices
FPGA
Picoblaze

description: With the increasing complexity of FPGA-based systems, some parts, such as I2C bus serial ports, network protocols such as TCP / IP, and use timers using software tools are easier to implement than hardware. Therefore, in these applications, it is necessary to use a processor alongside the FPGA architecture, so we can use the following two methods:

1- Using external processors: This method, in addition to increasing the cost of the system, will also result in the complexity of the architecture, since it is necessary to use the proper protocol for communication between the chip and the external processor.

2- Using a soft processor: In this way, the processor architecture is implemented using internal chip elements or as a stand-alone block, thus no extra cost is added to the design and the processor's communication with the internal parts of the chip can easily be done. The processor programming is also done by common languages such as assembly and C, and it can be compiled by software provided by the company.
Azide substituted porphyrins with crosslinking applications for use in photodynamic therapy
Creators: name: Fenwick, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of this work was to synthetically modify porphyrins such that they would possess a photoactive functionality which would chemically crosslink upon photoactivation for use in photodynamic therapy. Three novel azide-modified porphyrins (77, 86 and 101) were synthesised, isolated and characterised. These were investigated for their ability to extrude N₂ on thermal and/or photochemical activation. Upon activation of 77, the aldehyde (39) was formed. [Diagram] Activation of 86 led to a complex mixture where no pure compounds could be isolated or characterised. [Diagram] Activation of 101 gave a triplet derived product (103) in toluene, and a singlet derived product (104) when activated in mesitylene. [Diagram] The synthesis toward meso-azido porphyrins as well as diazirine-modified porphyrins were also carried out during the course of this work.
A room temperature optomechanical squeezer
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the noise sources that currently limits gravitational wave (GW) detectors comes from the quantum nature of the light causing uncertain amplitude and phase. Phase uncertainty limits the precision of an interferometric measurement. This measurement is also subject to quantum back-action, caused by the radiation pressure force fluctuations produced by the amplitude uncertainty (QRPN). In order to lower this quantum noise, GW detectors plan to use squeezed light injection. In this thesis, I focus on using radiation-pressure-mediated optomechanical (OM) interaction to generate squeezed light. Creating squeezed states by using OM interaction enables wavelength-independent squeezed light sources that may also be more compact and robust than traditionally used non-linear crystals. We analyze the system with realistic imperfections (losses & classical noise), and use the concepts to design an experiment to obtain the most possible squeezing in a broad audio-frequency band at room temperature. This involves an optimization for the optical properties of the cavity and the mechanical properties of the oscillator. We then show its experimental implementation, and subsequent observation of QRPN as well as OM squeezing. These are the first ever direct observations of a room temperature oscillator's motion being overwhelmed by vacuum fluctuations. This is shown in the low frequency band, which is relevant to GW detectors, but poses its own technical challenges, and hence has not been done before. Being in the back-action dominated regime along with optimized optical properties has also enabled us to observe OM squeezing. That is the first direct observation of quantum noise suppression in a room temperature OM system. It is also the first direct evidence of quantum correlations in the audio frequency band, in a broad band at non-resonant frequencies.
description: Ph.D. Thesis, MIT Physics, Jan 2019
A Machine Learning model to infer planet masses from gaps observed in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Auddy, Sayantan
name: Lin, Min-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of bright protoplanetary disks often show annular gaps in their dust emission. One interpretation of these gaps is disk-planet interaction. If so, fitting models of planetary gaps to observed protoplanetary disk gaps can reveal the presence of hidden planets. However, future surveys are expected to produce an ever-increasing number of protoplanetary disks with gaps. In this case, performing a customized fitting for each target becomes impractical owing to the complexity of disk-planet interaction. To this end, we introduce DPNNet (Disk Planet Neural Network), an efficient model of planetary gaps by exploiting the power of machine learning. We train a deep neural network with a large number of dusty disk-planet hydrodynamic simulations across a range of planet masses, disk temperatures, disk viscosities, disk surface density profiles, particle Stokes numbers, and dust abundances. The network can then be deployed to extract the planet mass for a given gap morphology. In this work, first in a series, we focus on the basic concepts of our machine learning framework. We demonstrate its utility by applying it to the dust gaps observed in the protoplanetary disk around HL Tau at $10$ au, $30$ au, and $80$ au. Our network predict planet masses of $80 \, M_{\rm Earth}$, $63 \, M_{\rm Earth}$, and $70 \, M_{\rm Earth}$, respectively, which are comparable to other studies based on specialized simulations. We discuss the key advantages of our DPNNet in its flexibility to incorporate new physics, any number of parameters and predictions, and its potential to ultimately replace hydrodynamical simulations for disk observers and modelers.
description: 16 Pages, 8 Figures, to appear in ApJ
A Cleanroom in a Glovebox
Creators: name: Gray, Mason J.
name: Kumar, Narendra
name: O'Connor, Ryan
name: Hoek, Marcel
name: Sheridan, Erin
name: Doyle, Meaghan C.
name: Romanelli, Marisa L.
name: Osterhoudt, Gavin B.
name: Wang, Yiping
name: Plisson, Vincent
name: Lei, Shiming
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Rachmilowitz, Bryan
name: Zhao, He
name: Kitadai, Hikari
name: Shepard, Steven
name: Schoop, Leslie M.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Zeljkovic, Ilija
name: Ling, Xi
name: Burch, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exploration of new materials, novel quantum phases, and devices requires ways to prepare cleaner samples with smaller feature sizes. Initially, this meant the use of a cleanroom that limits the amount and size of dust particles. However, many materials are highly sensitive to oxygen and water in the air. Furthermore, the ever-increasing demand for a quantum workforce, trained and able to use the equipment for creating and characterizing materials, calls for a dramatic reduction in the cost to create and operate such facilities. To this end, we present our cleanroom-in-a-glovebox, a system which allows for the fabrication and characterization of devices in an inert argon atmosphere. We demonstrate the ability to perform a wide range of characterization as well as fabrication steps, without the need for a dedicated room, all in an argon environment. Connection to a vacuum suitcase is also demonstrated to enable receiving from and transfer to various ultra-high vacuum (UHV) equipment including molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Casimir energy, the cosmological constant and massive gravitons
Creators: name: Garattini, Remo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological constant appearing in the Wheeler-De Witt equation is considered as an eigenvalue of the associated Sturm-Liouville problem. A variational approach with Gaussian trial wave functionals is used as a method to study such a problem. We approximate the equation to one loop in a Schwarzschild background and a zeta function regularization is involved to handle with divergences. The regularization is closely related to the subtraction procedure appearing in the computation of Casimir energy in a curved background. A renormalization procedure is introduced to remove the infinities together with a renormalization group equation. The case of massive gravitons is discussed.
description: 19 pages. Uses pi2005.cls and pi2005.sty. Talk given at The 8-th International Conference "Path Integrals. From Quantum Information to Cosmology. Prague 6-10 June 2005. Extended version of the talk given at Talk given at "QFEXT'05", the 7-th workshop on quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 5-9, 2005 and at QG05 Constrained dynamics and quantum gravity 05, Cala Gonone (Sardinia, Italy), September 12-16, 2005
AN INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS VIA GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE
Creators: name: Arndt, Channing
name: Arndt, Channing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Economists recognize that results from simulation models are dependent, sometimes highly dependent, on values employed for critical exogenous variables. To account for this, analysts sometimes conduct sensitivity analysis with respect to key exogenous variables. This paper presents a practical approach for conducting systematic sensitivity analysis, called Gaussian quadrature. The approach views key exogenous variables as random variables with associated distributions. It produces estimates of means and standard deviations of model results while requiring a limited number of solves of the model. Under mild conditions, all of which hold with respect to the GTAP model, there is strong reason to believe that the estimates of means and standard deviations will be quite accurate.
ENDOGENOUS INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SPILLOVERS AND BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE IN THE GTAP MODEL
Creators: name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper discusses the implementation of embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model. We specify a transmission mechanism for technical knowledge that assumes that knowledge is embodied in traded commodities. The usability of knowledge in the receiving country is dependent on the local absorption capacity (e.g., human capital, knowledge infrastructure) and on structural differences (e.g., factor endowments, climate) between countries. This concept is illustrated first by modeling spillovers embodied in final products and Hicks-neutral technical change. The bulk of the paper deals with factor-biased technical change in agriculture, and its international transmission through traded intermediate inputs. We demonstrate how to implement embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model and provide some numerical illustrations which highlight production effects and welfare effects. The GEMPACK implementation, together with additional data, is provided in a set of files which accompanies this paper.
LIBERALIZATION AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN THE GTAP MODEL
Creators: name: Nordstrom, Hakan
name: Francois, Joseph F.
name: McDonald, Bradley
name: Nordstrom, Hakan
name: Francois, Joseph F.
name: McDonald, Bradley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper explores trade policy and investment linkages in the GTAP model. This is done under alternative steady-state closure rules linking trade to consumption, production, and investment, and emphasizing the general equilibrium nature of capital accumulation mechanisms. When policy shocks are capital friendly, induced investment may be greater than suggested by current savings rates. As a result, multiplier-type analysis can be very misleading. The importance and direction of this magnification hinges critically on the sensitivity of savings rates with respect to real returns. As illustration, we offer a numerical assessment of the Uruguay Round, highlighting such linkages.
IMPLEMENTING SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS USING GEMPACK
Creators: name: Arndt, Channing
name: Pearson, Ken
name: Arndt, Channing
name: Pearson, Ken
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In economic simulation, results often hinge crucially on values of key exogenous inputs (the values of the parameters of the model and the shocks applied). Computational burden has, in the past, hindered systematic investigation of the impacts of variations in these key exogenous inputs. In this document, practical methods for conducting systematic sensitivity analysis for any model implemented using the GEMPACK suite of software are documented. The procedures described here are based on GTAP Technical Paper number 2 which sets out the theory behind the Gaussian quadrature methods on which the automated procedure is based. The procedures allow modellers to obtain estimates of the means and standard deviations of any endogenous variables of their model. The model only needs to be solved a relatively modest number of times (usually only 2N times if N exogenous inputs are varying); this is considerably fewer than the number of solves required by Monte Carlo methods. The procedure documented here fully automates solving the model as often as is necessary; once the user sets it up and starts it running, no further intervention is required. The document spells out the assumptions which must be made about the distribution of the exogenous inputs for the methods described to be valid. Five examples of systematic sensitivity computations are presented and the accompanying software allows modellers to work through these examples while reading the document. This should leave readers fully prepared to analyse the sensitivity of results for any model implemented in GEMPACK. Note Added November 2000: The Windows programs RunGTAP and RunGEM now provide much easier ways of carrying out systematic sensitivity calculations than those supplied with this Technical Paper.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 11/00.
A NEW REGIONAL HOUSEHOLD DEMAND SYSTEM FOR GTAP
Creators: name: McDougall, Robert
name: McDougall, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: The GTAP model, versions 4.1 and lower, suffers from some defects in the implementation of the regional household demand system. Most seriously, the upper level of the demand system assumes that each regional household faces a fixed price for utility from private consumption. But with a private consumption demand system of the CDE form, the price of utility from private consumption depends on the level of private consumption expenditure. With no fixed price for utility from private consumption, the familiar Cobb-Douglas demand system does not apply. Accordingly, the upper-level demand equations are in error. Furthermore, utility and equivalent variation are wrongly computed in simulations with non-standard settings for the CDE expansion parameters. Even with the standard settings, in multi-step simulations the utility and equivalent variation computations are exact. The welfare decomposition inherits the defects of the equivalent variation computation. In removing these defects we revise in passing some minor misfeatures of the old treatment: Firstly, we treat the entire final demand system as the demand system of a representation household, rather than a conglomeration of representative and region-wide demand systems (subsection 2.6). Secondly, we provide a new facility for shifting the allocation of regional income exogenously by modifying rather than overriding the final demand system (subsection 2.14). Finally, we eliminate an uninterpretable "nuisance term" from the decomposition of equivalent variation(subsection 4.3).
RECONCILING BILATERAL TRADE DATA FOR USE IN GTAP
Creators: name: Gehlhar, Mark J.
name: Gehlhar, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Bilateral trade flows are reported by both importers and exporters. Large discrepancies in reported import/export trade flows can be found when these two reports are compared. The GTAP database requires consistency between the export flow and its corresponding import flow for all partner pairs. Therefore, bilateral trade data in its reported form cannot be directly used for GTAP. Various methods can be used to produce a consistent set of bilateral trade flows. However, achieving consistency alone does not necessarily provide credible trade flows. Matrix balancing using trade totals published by international agencies is not appropriate since these totals are not reconciled but are simply totals from country-reported flows. A method is developed with the aim of extracting the most reliable reported trade flows from reported import and export flows. Specific examples are used to illustrate how discrepancies can result from reporting errors and transport margins. Evidence is shown indicating that discrepancies often arise from erroneous reporting by one of the partners. Systematic reporting errors associated with a reporter can be measured by the share of consistent transactions with partners. The most reliable reported flows are selected based on credibility of reporters. The source of international bilateral trade for GTAP is United Nations COMTRADE database. It contains the complete set of countries in the world and the set of commodities covering total merchandise trade. Since errors in reporting are country-commodity specific, data is processed at the individual country and SITC 4-digit level before aggregating to the 30-region 31- merchandise trade commodity database in version 3 of the GTAP data base.
Additional file 1 of Complications of peritonsillar abscess
Creators: name: Klug, Tejs Ehlers
name: Greve, Thomas
name: Hentze, Malene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Knowledge and attitude towards cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural endemic communities in Shara’b district, Taiz, southwestern Yemen
Creators: name: Alharazi, Talal H.
name: Najoua Haouas
name: Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. STROBE checklist of the study.
IMPLEMENTING BILATERAL TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN GTAP USING GEMPACK
Creators: name: Elbehri, Aziz
name: Pearson, Ken
name: Elbehri, Aziz
name: Pearson, Ken
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: xplicit modeling of tariff rate quotas (TRQs) is important in the current World Trade Organization negotiations. In order to do such modeling with GTAP, extra data is required and extra equations must be added to the model. This paper provides tools for assisting modelers to carry out explicit modeling of bilateral tariff rate quotas in GTAP using GEMPACK. The paper describes how the extra data for sugar TRQ applications was obtained and reconciled with the standard GTAP data. Supplied with the paper is a TABLO Input file TRQDATA.TAB which others can use for reconciling their TRQ data with the usual GTAP data. Supplied with the paper is a module which can be added to the standard TABLO Input files for GTAP. This module contains the extra equations required to model TRQs. Detailed hands-on examples are supplied with the paper, as is a TRQ application relating to a partial liberalization of sugar TRQ. Readers of the paper can replicate these applications. A windows interface TRQmate is supplied with the paper. This is a relatively general-purpose interface which automates the steps in carrying out TRQ applications with GTAP and GEMPACK. If you wish to carry out your own bilateral TRQ applications with GTAP and GEMPACK, the tools supplied with this paper will make it relatively straightforward for you to do so once you have collected the extra data you need.
Gapless state of interacting Majorana fermions in a strain-induced Landau level
Creators: name: Agarwala, Adhip
name: Bhattacharjee, Subhro
name: Knolle, Johannes
name: Moessner, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical strain can generate a pseudo-magnetic field, and hence Landau levels (LL), for low energy excitations of quantum matter in two dimensions. We study the collective state of the fractionalised Majorana fermions arising from residual generic spin interactions in the central LL, where the projected Hamiltonian reflects the spin symmetries in intricate ways: emergent U(1) and particle-hole symmetries forbid any bilinear couplings, leading to an intrinsically strongly interacting system; also, they allow the definition of a filling fraction, which is fixed at 1/2. We argue that the resulting many-body state is gapless within our numerical accuracy, implying ultra-short-ranged spin correlations, while chirality correlators decay algebraically. This amounts to a Kitaev `non-Fermi' spin liquid, and shows that interacting Majorana Fermions can exhibit intricate behaviour akin to fractional quantum Hall physics in an insulating magnet.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Material: 4 pages