Clinterocera bicolor
Creators: name: Xu, Hao
name: Qiu, Jian-Yue
name: Huang, Guo-Hua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Clinterocera
Clinterocera bicolor

description: Clinterocera bicolor (Nonfried, 1893)
(Figs. 39, 84–85, 107–111, 180)
Coenochilus bicolor Nonfried, 1893: 336 (type locality: Manipur, India).
Callinomes bicolor (Nonfried): Arrow 1910: 215.
Callynomes bicolor (Nonfried): Schenkling 1921: 364.
Clinterocera bicolor (Nonfried): Krajčík 1999: 40; Krajčík 2012a: 74; Jákl 2017: 11 (Myanmar).
Callinomes fairmairei Heller, 1897: 177 (type locality: Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India); Synonymized by Arrow 1910: 215.
Differential diagnosis. This species is the largest species of the C. jucunda species group. By its large sized body, unique coloration pattern, and distinctly thickest tarsi, this species can be readily distinguished from other allied species.
Redescription (female). General: Body length 22.5–27.0 mm; width 9.5–10.0 mm. Body black, head and pronotum red, scutellum black, elytra partially red. Body almost without tomentum, surface with numerous setiferous punctures; setae stubble like, short. (Fig. 107). Head: Red, but area around eyes black. Clypeus apical margin slightly raised, frons evenly convex. Surface without tomentum; with dense, fine punctures (Fig. 110). Antennal scapus strongly expanded, subflabellate; exterior surface without tomentum, with dense, minute, setiferous punctures; interior surface with many setiferous punctures in margins, setae slender. Mouthparts: Black. Prementum extremely expanded, scutellate; exterior surface matt with dense, semicircular punctures (Fig. 108). Pronotum: Red, with a pair of dark spots near lateral margins. Nearly rounded hexagonal; margins slightly raised; anterior margin almost straight, slightly convex in medial in dorsal view (Fig. 110); disc with dense, minute, setiferous punctures; punctures denser in lateral portion; setae short. Surface without tomentum, but posterior half of margin slightly tomentous. Scutellum: Black, subtriangular. Surface without tomentum, with sparse, fine, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures, denser in anterior portion. Elytra: Subrectangular; prediscal area and lateral declivity red, humeral umbone, mediodiscal and postdiscal area, and lateral margin black (Figs. 107, 109). Surface with sparse, fine, arcuate-striolae, setiferous punctures, denser in elytral declivity. Disc and declivity without tomentum; area around anteapical umbone tomentous (but sometimes absent) (Fig. 111). Metepisternum and metepimeron: Metepisternum without tomentum; metepimeron tomentous; surface with dense, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures. Sternum: Preprosternal apophysis robust, slightly reflexed, with cluster of long setae on the apex. Metasternum dark red; surface without tomentum, with dense, subcircular, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures. Abdomen: Convex. Abdominal sternites surface with dense, fine, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures, and sparse, fine, annulate-striolate, setiferous punctures (Fig. 108). Surface almost without tomentum, posterior margin of sternites VII slightly tomentous. Propygidium surface heavily tomentous, with dense, setiferous punctures; terminal spiracla distinctly protruding. Pygidium: Distinctly convex. Surface almost without tomentum, with fine, round, setiferous punctures (Fig. 111). Legs: Surface with dense, fine, sinuous striolae and arcuate, setiferous punctures. Tibiae distinctly thick. Protibia with a small, external denticle in apical portion; a small, acute protrusion near middle of outer margin; apical tooth of inferior ridge short, blunt, indistinct. Mesotibia and metatibia with a small, acute protrusion near middle of outer margin; three distinct, acute protrusions in distal portion; two spurs robust, blunt (Fig. 39). Coxa, trochanter, anterior side of profemora, posterior side of mesofemora and metafemora, dorsal side of mesotibia and metatibia with sparse tomentum. Tarsi with 4 tarsomeres, distinctly thick (Fig. 39); propretarsi short, blunt (Fig. 109).
Type material. The syntypes of Clinterocera bicolor were not located. Two specimens were examined for the original description (Nonfried 1893), and Arrow (1910) indicated that the type series was preserved in the Nonfried collection. According to Horn et al. (1990), Nonfried collection was integrated into the MFNB. However, the syntypes were not found in this collection or any of the others listed above and are probably lost.
The holotype (by monotypy) of Callinomes fairmairei Heller is labeled: Saharanpur / N.W. Indien / 10475 [yellow label] // Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [white label] // Typus [pink label] // Clinterocera / bicolor Nonf. / Det. Mikšić 1985 [pale yellow label] (female, MTD, Figs. 84–85). According to the original publication (Heller 1897), the holotype of C. fairmairei was collected from “Kumaon” and numbered “10475” in MTD, while the collecting site on label is “Saharanpur” (Fig. 85), a place close to Kumaon in northern India. Hence, we considered “Saharanpur” as the correct type locality.
Other material examined (4♀♀). INDIA: 1♀ (MFNB), Khasia Hills; 1♀ (MFNB), Kohima, Assam, V. M. Duchon // bicolor Nonfr. // Fairmairei Heller; 1♀ (BMNH), Assam. // Atkinson. Coll. 92-3. MYANMAR: 1♀ (KSCJ), VII.2007, Chudu Razi, E. Kachin.
Distribution. India, Myanmar.
Natural history. Unknown.
Remarks. Only five specimens of C. bicolor were examined in this work, so more specimens are needed to determine the full extent of the variation of this species. No male specimen were studied, thus the parameres are still unknown.
description: Published as part of Xu, Hao, Qiu, Jian-Yue & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2018, Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group, pp. 301-352 in Zootaxa 4531 (3) on pages 307-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2614658