cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Combined associations of 25-hydroxivitamin D and parathyroid hormone with diabetes risk and associated comorbidities among U.S. white and black women
Creators: name: Bea, J.W.
name: Xia, J.
name: Gower, E.W.
name: Qi, L.
name: Manson, J.A.E.
name: Nan, H.
name: Cheng, T.-Y.D.
name: Song, Y.
name: Shadyab, A.H.
name: Tu, W.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description: Background/objectives: There is evidence of black–white differences in vitamin D status and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to further evaluate the joint associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with risks of diabetes and related cardiometabolic comorbidities among white and black women. Subjects/methods: We cross-sectionally and prospectively analyzed data from 1850 black and 3000 white postmenopausal women without cardiovascular disease or dialysis at baseline from the Women’s Health Initiative—Observational Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses and weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the joint associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with incident diabetes and prevalence of other diabetes-related cardiometabolic comorbidities (including CKD, hypertension, or obesity). Results: We identified 3322 cases of obesity (n = 1629), hypertension (n = 2759), or CKD (n = 318) at baseline and 453 incident cases of diabetes during 11 years of follow-up. Cross-sectionally, lower 25(OH)D and higher PTH were independently associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.87 and OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.39–1.73] among white women only. When stratified by diabetes status, compared to women with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L (65 pg/mL), women who did not have diabetes with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) and PTH excess (>6.89 pmol/L) had higher prevalence of CKD, hypertension, or obesity (OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 2.90–6.18) than women who had diabetes (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 0.96–3.71). Prospectively, lower 25(OH)D was associated with lower diabetes incidence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62–0.86] in white women. Jointly, compared to the group with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L, white women with 25(OH)D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) had elevated risk for diabetes, regardless of PTH levels. Conclusions: Low 25(OH)D and high PTH were jointly associated with increased risk of diabetes among white women only. Their joint associations with high prevalence of CKD, hypertension, and obesity were more pronounced among women without diabetes.
Stability of a trapped atom clock on a chip
Creators: name: Szmuk, Ramon
name: Dugrain, Vincent
name: Maineult, Wilfried
name: Reichel, Jakob
name: Rosenbusch, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compact atomic clock interrogating ultracold 87Rb magnetically trapped on an atom chip. Very long coherence times sustained by spin self-rephasing allow us to interrogate the atomic transition with 85% contrast at 5 s Ramsey time. The clock exhibits a fractional frequency stability of $5.8\times 10^{-13}$ at 1 s and is likely to integrate into the $1\times10^{-15}$ range in less than a day. A detailed analysis of 7 noise sources explains the measured frequency stability. Fluctuations in the atom temperature (0.4 nK shot-to-shot) and in the offset magnetic field ($5\times10^{-6}$ relative fluctuations shot-to-shot) are the main noise sources together with the local oscillator, which is degraded by the 30% duty cycle. The analysis suggests technical improvements to be implemented in a future second generation set-up. The results demonstrate the remarkable degree of technical control that can be reached in an atom chip experiment.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Corrections to Scaling Neutrino Mixing: Non-zero $θ_{13}, δ_{CP}$ and Baryon Asymmetry
Creators: name: Kalita, Rupam
name: Borah, Debasish
name: Das, Mrinal Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a very specific type of neutrino mass and mixing structure based on the idea of Strong Scaling Ansatz (SSA) where the ratios of neutrino mass matrix elements belonging to two different columns are equal. There are three such possibilities, all of which are disfavored by the latest neutrino oscillation data. We focus on the specific scenario which predicts vanishing reactor mixing angle $θ_{13}$ and inverted hierarchy with vanishing lightest neutrino mass. Motivated by several recent attempts to explain non-zero $θ_{13}$ by incorporating corrections to a leading order neutrino mass or mixing matrix giving $θ_{13}=0$, here we study the origin of non-zero $θ_{13}$ as well as leptonic Dirac CP phase $δ_{CP}$ by incorporating two different corrections to scaling neutrino mass and mixing: one where type II seesaw acts as a correction to scaling neutrino mass matrix and the other with charged lepton correction to scaling neutrino mixing. Although scaling neutrino mass matrix originating from type I seesaw predicts inverted hierarchy, the total neutrino mass matrix after type II seesaw correction can give rise to either normal or inverted hierarchy. However, charged lepton corrections do not disturb the inverted hierarchy prediction of scaling neutrino mass matrix. We further discriminate between neutrino hierarchies, different choices of lightest neutrino mass and Dirac CP phase by calculating baryon asymmetry and comparing with the observations made by the Planck experiment.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Die Herausforderung der Neuen Welt und die Vordenker Francisco de Vitorias
Creators: name: García Y García, Antonio
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 20 Nr. 3 (1991): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 20, Heft 3
title: DIVOA – Unterstützung der älteren Bevölkerung bei Schadenslagen
Creators: name: Reuter, Christian
name: Wiegärtner, Daniel
name: Müller, Claudia
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2022

description: Der demographische Wandel und die Urbanisierung können als die Megatrends der kommenden Jahre betrachten werden, wodurch sich neue Herausforderungen und Chancen für Städte ergeben. Gerade im Kontext von Katastrophen und Gefahren benötigt das System Stadt resiliente Ansätze, die mittels neuer Technologien gewährleistet werden können. Da IKT zeitnahe, kontextspezifische und persönliche Informationen ortsunabhängig liefern können, ist diese Entwicklung von hoher Relevanz für die Sicherstellung des Systems Stadt und dessen Bewohner. Im Kontext von Katastrophen und Gefahren weisen ältere Menschen aufgrund ihrer eingeschränkten physischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Fähigkeiten jedoch eine erhöhte Vulnerabilität auf. Diese Arbeit möchte, dies adressierend, einen Beitrag zur Integration der älteren Bevölkerung bei Schadenslagen darstellen und ein Konzept vorstellen.
Ground state hyperfine structure in muonic lithium ions
Creators: name: Martynenko, A. P.
name: Ulybin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of perturbation theory in fine structure constant alpha and the ratio of electron to muon masses we calculate one-loop vacuum polarization, electron vertex corrections, nuclear structure and recoil corrections to hyperfine splitting of the ground state in muonic lithium ions $(μ e\ ^6_3Li)^+$ and $(μ e\ ^7_3Li)^+$. We obtain total results for the ground state small hyperfine splittings in $(μ e\ ^6_3Li)^+$ $Δν_1=21572.16$ MHz and $Δν_2=14152.56$ MHz and in $(μ e\ ^7_3Li)^+$ $Δν_1=21733.06$ MHz and $Δν_2=13994.35$ MHz which can be considered as a reliable estimate for a comparison with future experimental data.
description: Talk presented at the International Conference-Session of the Section of Nuclear Physics of the Physical Sciences Division of RAS "Physics of Fundamental Interactions", MEPhI, Moscow, 17-21 November 2014, 24 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1007.1419
Chronic stressors and maternal depression: implications for prevention.
Creators: name: Orr, S T
name: James, S A
name: Burns, B J
name: Thompson, B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: We report on the use of an instrument to measure exposure to stressors among 149 women presenting with their children for pediatric care at an urban primary care center. Overall, 38.3 percent of the women had significant levels of depressive symptoms; 71.4 percent of those in the "high stress" group had an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 5.00 [95% CI = 2.12, 11.82]. We conclude that screening in the pediatric office is feasible for identifying women at high risk of becoming depressed.
Bartholomé de Las Casas, Francisco de Vitoria und die Entdeckung Amerikas
Creators: name: Chaunu, Pierre
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 20 Nr. 3 (1991): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 20, Heft 3
Passive smoking and 20-year cardiovascular disease mortality among nonsmoking wives, Evans County, Georgia.
Creators: name: Hames, C G
name: Humble, C
name: Tyroler, H A
name: Gerber, A
name: Croft, J
name: Casper, M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: The association of passive smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was assessed in a cohort of 513 rural, married Black and White women who were disease-free and self-described as never-smokers at baseline in 1960. Over a 20-year period, 76 of 147 total deaths were attributed to CVD. Relative risk estimates adjusted for age, cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass from proportional hazards models were 1.59 for CVD (95% CI = 0.99, 2.57) and 1.39 (CI = 0.99, 1.94) for all cause mortality among women with husbands who smoked cigarettes.
A New Surgical Technique for Postoperative Trachomatous Trichiasis
Creators: name: Gower, E.W.
name: Weaver, J.U.
name: Merbs, S.L.
name: Tadesse, D.
name: Talero, S.L.
name: Sisay, A.
name: Bayissasse, B.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2021

description: INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization has identified management of postoperative trichiasis (PTT) as one of the key remaining areas of focus needed to eliminate blinding trachoma as a public health problem. We developed the Bevel-Rotation Advancement Procedure (B-RAP) to treat individuals who need repeat trichiasis surgery. METHODS: Scarring caused by trichiasis surgery can cause the eyelid to become thick and distorted, making repeat surgery more difficult. To minimize eyelid thickness following B-RAP, a beveled incision of the tarsus is made allowing a marginal rotation of the eyelash fragment. Dissection between the anterior and posterior lamellae above the beveled incision and removal of scar tissue allows the marginal rotation to be combined with a posterior lamellar advancement to treat severely scarred eyelids with PTT and eyelid contour abnormalities (ECAs). RESULTS: Two surgeons performed B-RAP on 44 eyelids of 30 patients with PTT. The number of prior trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgeries ranged from 2 to more than 4. At the 3-6 months postoperative visit, 37 eyelids (84%) had no recurrence of PTT. Three eyelids had central lashes touching; the remaining eyelids with recurrent PTT had nasal and temporal lashes touching. Fifteen eyelids (34%) had ECAs, but only 1 was severe. CONCLUSIONS: B-RAP was developed considering the altered eyelid anatomy found in the postsurgical eyelid with TT. Thinning of the eyelash fragment and removal of postoperative scar tissue improves the ability to advance and stabilize the eyelash fragment after external rotation. B-RAP shows promise as a procedure for improving outcomes of repeat trichiasis surgery.
Does Dirac equation for a generalized Coulomb-like potential in D+1 dimensional flat spacetime admit any solution for $D\geq 4$?
Creators: name: Caruso, F.
name: Martins, J.
name: Perlingeiro, L. D.
name: Oguri, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic hydrogen atom in an Euclidean space-time of arbitrary number of space dimensions ($D$) plus one time dimension is revisited. In particular, numerical solutions of the radial Dirac equation for a generalized Coulombian potential proportional to $1/r^{(D-2)}$ are investigated. It is argued that one could not find any physical solution for $D\geq 4$.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Recht als menschlicher Selbstausdruck in sozial-sittlicher Verantwortung
Creators: name: Inhoffen, Peter
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 20 Nr. 2 (1991): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 20, Heft 2
The association of corneal arcus with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality in the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study.
Creators: name: Segal, P
name: Linn, S
name: Chambless, L E
name: Kritchevsky, S B
name: Fuchs, F D
name: Larosa, J C
name: Rifkind, B M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: The relationship between corneal arcus (arcus senilis) and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is examined in a prospective study of White men (n = 3,930) and women non-hormone users (n = 2,139), ages 30-69, followed for an average of 8.4 years as part of the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. After excluding those with clinically manifest CHD at baseline, corneal arcus was strongly associated with CHD and CVD mortality only in hyperlipidemic men ages 30-49 years, for whom the relative risk for CHD and CVD death was 3.7 and 4.0, respectively, after adjusting for age, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and smoking status using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among 30-49 year old males, corneal arcus appears to be a prognostic factor for CHD, independent of its association with hyperlipidemia in this age-group, of about the same magnitude as other common risk factors, underscoring the usefulness of corneal arcus as a prognostic factor to the practic...
Die Welt - Gottes gute Schöpfung?
Creators: name: Knoch, Wendelin
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 20 Nr. 2 (1991): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 20, Heft 2
Analysis of US child care safety regulations.
Creators: name: Gray, D E
name: Runyan, C W
name: Kreuter, M W
name: Kotch, J B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: BACKGROUND: With 1.9 million US children cared for in organized group child care, the safety of these children is a public health concern. In the absence of federal policy, each state has developed its own day care safety regulations.

METHODS: After creating a set of 36 criteria from three sets of national guidelines, we assessed the safety regulations of 45 states. With a mailed survey of state day care regulatory personnel, we examined the processes of formulating and implementing safety policy in 47 states.

RESULTS: For 24 of the 36 items, more than half the states' regulations were below the criteria or failed to mention the topic. Most notable is the inattention to playground safety, choking hazards, and firearms.

CONCLUSION: The uneven quality of regulations may be a reflection of a regulatory process that is fragmented, with many different groups sharing authority and with limited involvement of injury prevention specialists.
Impaired and disabled elderly in the community.
Creators: name: Jones, P K
name: Haug, M R
name: Ford, A B
name: Folmar, S J
name: Roy, A W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: A nine-year representative, longitudinal study of 1,598 urban elderly shows that two to eight times as many impaired or disabled are cared for in the community as in institutions. Younger age, male gender, better income, and living with others, especially children, favor continuing care in the home.
Weak limit theorem of a two-phase quantum walk with one defect
Creators: name: Endo, Shimpei
name: Endo, Takako
name: Konno, Norio
name: Segawa, Etsuo
name: Takei, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attempt to analyze a one-dimensional space-inhomogeneous quantum walk (QW) with one defect at the origin, which has two different quantum coins in positive and negative parts. We call the QW "the two-phase QW", which we treated concerning localization theorems [10]. The two-phase QW has been expected to be a mathematical model of the topological insulator [16] which is an intense issue both theoretically and experimentally [3,5,11]. In this paper, we derive the weak limit theorem describing the ballistic spreading, and as a result, we obtain the mathematical expression of the whole picture of the asymptotic behavior. Our approach is based mainly on the generating function of the weight of the passages. We emphasize that the time-averaged limit measure is symmetric for the origin [10], however, the weak limit measure is asymmetric, which implies that the weak limit theorem represents the asymmetry of the probability distribution.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Contextuality in phase space
Creators: name: Asadian, Ali
name: Budroni, Costantino
name: Steinhoff, Frank E. S.
name: Rabl, Peter
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general framework for contextuality tests in phase space using displacement operators. First, we derive a general condition that a single-mode displacement operator should fulfill in order to construct Peres-Mermin square and similar scenarios. This approach offers a straightforward scheme for experimental implementations of the tests via modular variable measurements. In addition to the continuous variable case, our condition can also be applied to finite-dimensional systems in discrete phase space, using Heisenberg-Weyl operators. This approach, therefore, offers a unified picture of contextuality with a geometric flavor.
description: 5+3 pages, 4 figures. Missing appendix added
Occupational injuries among North Carolina migrant farmworkers.
Creators: name: Sweeney, M
name: Ciesielski, S
name: Hall, S P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: A population-based cross-sectional study of occupational injuries among a random sample of 287 migrant farmworkers demonstrated frequent obstacles to health care; 65% (11/17) of the more seriously injured subjects did not receive prompt care or never received care. Subjects not receiving prompt care were twice as likely to have incomplete recovery. Employers covered medical expenses for only 5/13 (38%) of the injured workers, and only 3/15 were compensated for lost work. This study indicates that comprehensive Workers' Compensation coverage is urgently needed in North Carolina.
Rotation, spectral variability, magnetic geometry and magnetosphere of the Of?p star CPD -28 2561
Creators: name: Wade, G. A.
name: Barbá, R. H.
name: Grunhut, J.
name: Martins, F.
name: Petit, V.
name: Sundqvist, J. O.
name: Townsend, R. H. D.
name: Walborn, N. R.
name: Alecian, E.
name: Alfaro, E. J.
name: Apellániz, J. Ma\' iz
name: Arias, J. I.
name: Gamen, R.
name: Morrell, N.
name: Nazé, Y.
name: ud-Doula, A.
name: Collaboration, the MiMeS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report magnetic and spectroscopic observations and modeling of the Of?p star CPD -28 2561. Using more than 75 new spectra, we have measured the equivalent width variations and examined the dynamic spectra of photospheric and wind-sensitive spectral lines. A period search results in an unambiguous 73.41 d variability period. High resolution spectropolarimetric data analyzed using Least-Squares Deconvolution yield a Zeeman signature detected in the mean Stokes V profile corresponding to phase 0.5 of the spectral ephemeris. Interpreting the 73.41 d period as the stellar rotational period, we have phased the equivalent widths and inferred longitudinal field measurements. The phased magnetic data exhibit a weak sinusoidal variation, with maximum of about 565 G at phase 0.5, and a minimum of about -335 G at phase 0.0, with extrema approximately in phase with the (double-wave) Halpha equivalent width variation. Modeling of the Halpha equivalent width variation assuming a quasi-3D magnetospheric model produces a unique solution for the ambiguous couplet of inclination and magnetic obliquity angles: (i, beta) or (beta, i)=(35 deg,90 deg). Adopting either geometry, the longitudinal field variation yields a dipole polar intensity Bd=2.6\pm 0.9~kG, consistent with that obtained from direct modelling of the Stokes V profiles. We derive a wind magnetic confinement parameter eta*\simeq 100, leading to an Alfvén radius RA\simeq 3-5~R*, and a Kepler radius RK\simeq 20~R*. This supports a physical scenario in which the Halpha emission and other line variability have their origin in an oblique, co-rotating 'dynamical magnetosphere' structure resulting from a magnetically channeled wind. Nevertheless, the details of the formation of spectral lines and their variability within this framework remain generally poorly understood.
description: 18 pages, accepted by MNRAS Replaced 28 March 2015 to include corrected figure 10 (see MNRAS erratum to this effect)
Dissipative time-dependent quantum transport theory: quantum interference and phonon induced decoherence dynamics
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Yam, ChiYung
name: Chen, GuanHua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A time-dependent inelastic electron transport theory for strong electron-phonon interaction is established via the equations of motion method combined with the small polaron transformation. In this work, the dissipation via electron-phonon coupling is taken into account in the strong coupling regime, which validates the small polaron transformation. The corresponding equations of motion are developed, which are used to study the quantum interference effect and phonon-induced decoherence dynamics in molecular junctions. Numerical studies show clearly quantum interference effect of the transport electrons through two quasi-degenerate states with different coupling to the leads. We also found that the quantum interference can be suppressed by the electron-phonon interaction where the phase coherence is destroyed by phonon scattering. This indicates the importance of electron-phonon interaction in systems with prominent quantum interference effect.
Antihypertensive treatment and US trends in stroke mortality, 1962 to 1980.
Creators: name: Strogatz, D
name: Davis, C E
name: Wing, S
name: Tyroler, H A
name: Casper, M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: OBJECTIVES: This study examines the association between increases in antihypertensive pharmacotherapy and declines in stroke mortality among 96 US groups stratified by race, sex, age, metropolitan status, and region from 1962 to 1980.

METHODS: Data on the prevalence of controlled hypertension and socioeconomic profiles were obtained from three successive national health surveys. Stroke mortality rates were calculated using data from the National Center for Health Statistics and the Bureau of the Census. The association between controlled hypertension trends and stroke mortality declines was assessed with weighted regression.

RESULTS: Prior to 1972, there was no association between trends in controlled hypertension and stroke mortality declines (beta = 0.04, P = .69). After 1972, groups with larger increases in controlled hypertension experienced slower rates of decline in stroke mortality (beta = 0.16, P = .003). Faster rates of decline were modestly but consistently related to improvements in socioeconomic indicators only for the post-1972 period.

CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support the hypothesis that increased antihypertensive pharmacotherapy has been the primary determinant of recent declines in stroke mortality. Additional studies should address the association between declining stroke mortality and trends in socioeconomic resources, dietary patterns, and cigarette smoking.
Psychological and perceptual processes in persistent physical symptoms
Creators: name: McNaughton, David Thomas
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Persistent physical symptoms encompass a constellation of non-specific symptoms such as (and not limited too) somatic pain, constipation, fatigue, dizziness, sensorimotor dysfunction, or a combination of. These symptoms are chronic, burdensome, and expressed without a well-defined organic cause. Research has shown behavioural, cognitive, affective, and perceptual processes are relevant in the expression and maintenance on these symptoms. Thus, across seven studies, this thesis aimed to (1) investigate behavioural processes leading to healthcare seeking, and determine their universal or uniqueness to persistent physical symptoms, (2) determine cognitive and affective processes related to the symptom burden and treatment of persistent physical symptoms, and similarly determine their uniqueness or commonality to symptoms with organic causes and (3) present experimental evidence for an emerging model for symptom perception which may open new avenues for understanding neurobiological processes leading to persistent physical symptoms. Results showed salient mind-body relationships when predicting behavioural outcomes, specifically healthcare seeking in individuals with persistent physical symptoms. Importantly, the magnitude of these mind-body relationships were similar to those without persistent physical symptoms. Investigations into the relationships between cognitive and affective components with physical symptom burden and response to subsequent psychological treatment highlighted substantial commonality with physical symptoms of well-defined organic causes. Finally, in support of a contemporary model of symptom expression in persistent physical symptoms, an experimental paradigm, known as the force-matching task, was developed, evaluated, and tested in individuals with persistent physical symptoms. These results highlighted subtle experimental differences in those with persistent physical symptoms compared to healthy controls, suggesting an association between altered perceptual processes and physical symptom expression. This thesis brought together distinct methodologies and areas of research to provide a comprehensive understanding of persistent physical symptoms and highlights central processes underlying symptom perception. The work presented in this thesis opens new avenues for treating neuro-psycho-behavioural processes related to persistent physical symptoms.
Cotinine concentrations in semen, urine, and blood of smokers and nonsmokers.
Creators: name: Truong, Y K
name: Hulka, B S
name: Vine, M F
name: Everson, R B
name: Margolin, B H
name: Griffith, J D
name: Schramm, M M
name: McCann, M
name: Hu, P C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Cotinine levels in the semen, urine, and blood of 88 male smokers and nonsmokers, aged 18 and 35, were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Detectable cotinine levels were found in all three body fluids, and cotinine levels in all three fluids were highly correlated. Cotinine levels in semen and blood were of similar magnitude; cotinine levels in urine were an order of magnitude or more higher. In all three fluids, cotinine levels increased with an increase in cigarette smoke exposure.Cotinine levels in the semen, urine, and blood of 88 male smokers and nonsmokers, aged 18 and 35, were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Detectable cotinine levels were found in all three body fluids, and cotinine levels in all three fluids were highly correlated. Cotinine levels in semen and blood were of similar magnitude; cotinine levels in urine were an order of magnitude or more higher. In all three fluids, cotinine levels increased with an increase in cigarette smoke exposure.
Evaluation and implementation of a mannequin-based surgical simulator for margin-involving eyelid laceration repair – a pilot study
Creators: name: Ahmad, M.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Woreta, F.A.
name: Merbs, S.L.
name: Fu, R.
name: Gower, E.W.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Background: Repair of margin-involving eyelid lacerations is a challenge for beginning ophthalmology residents, yet no commercially-available simulation models exist for learning this skill. The objective of the study was to modify a mannequin-based surgical simulator originally developed for trachomatous trichiasis surgery training to teach margin-involving eyelid laceration repair and to evaluate its success within a residency wet-lab environment. Methods: We modified a previously developed mannequin-based training system for trachomatous trichiasis surgery into a simulator for margin-involving eyelid laceration repair. Six ophthalmology residents from a tertiary care academic institution performed at least one simulated margin-involving eyelid laceration repair using the surgical simulator between September 2019 and March 2020. Each session was video recorded. Two oculoplastic surgeons reviewed the videos in a blinded fashion to assess surgical proficiency using a standardized grading system. Participants were surveyed on their comfort level with eyelid laceration repair pre- and post-completion of simulation. They were also queried on their perceived usefulness of the surgical simulator compared to past methods and experiences. Results: Six residents completed 11 simulation surgeries. For three residents who completed more than one session, a slight increase in their skills assessment score and a decrease in operative time over two to three simulation sessions were found. Self-reported comfort level with margin-involving eyelid laceration repairs was significantly higher post-simulation compared to pre-simulation (p = 0.02). Residents ranked the usefulness of our surgical simulator higher than past methods such as fruit peels, surgical skill boards, gloves, and pig feet (p = 0.03) but lower than operating room experience (p = 0.02). Residents perceived the surgical simulator to be as useful as cadaver head and emergency department/consult experience. Conclusions: We developed a surgical simulator for teaching eyelid laceration repair and showed its utility in developing trainees’ surgical skills. Our surgical simulator was rated to be as useful as a cadaver head but is more readily available and cost effective.
Any leftovers from a discarded prediction? Evidence from eye-movements during sentence comprehension
Creators: name: Gussow, Arella E.
name: Kapnoula, Efthymia C.
name: Molinaro, Nicola
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We investigated how listeners use gender-marked adjectives to adjust lexical predictions during sentence comprehension. Participants listened to sentence fragments in Spanish (e.g. “The witch flew to the village on her … ”) that created expectation for a specific noun (broomstickfem), and were completed by an adjective and a noun. The adjective either agreed (newfem), disagreed (newmasc), or was neutral (bigfem/masc) with respect to the expected noun’s gender. Using the visual-world paradigm, we monitored looks toward images of the expected noun versus an alternative of the opposite gender (helicoptermasc). While listening to the initial fragment, participants looked more towards the expected noun. Once the adjective was heard, looks shifted toward the noun that matched the adjective’s gender. Finally, upon hearing the noun, looks were affected by both previous context and adjective gender. We conclude that predictions are updated online based on gender cues, but sentence context still affects integration of the expected noun.
Distortion of the luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies by gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Fialkov, Anastasia
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed properties of high redshift galaxies depend on the underlying foreground distribution of large scale structure, which distorts their intrinsic properties via gravitational lensing. We focus on the regime where the dominant contribution originates from a single lens and examine the statistics of gravitational lensing by a population of virialized and non-virialized structures using sub-mm galaxies at z ~ 2.6 and Lyman-break galaxies at redshifts z ~ 6 - 15 as the background sources. We quantify the effect of lensing on the luminosity function of the high redshift sources, focusing on the intermediate and small magnifications, mu < 2, which affect the majority of the background galaxies, and comparing to the case of strong lensing. We show that, depending on the intrinsic properties of the background galaxies, gravitational lensing can significantly affect the observed luminosity function even when no obvious strong lenses are present. Finally, we find that in the case of the Lyman-break galaxies it is important to account for the surface brightness profiles of both the foreground and the background galaxies when computing the lensing statistics, which introduces a selection criterion for the background galaxies that can actually be observed. Not taking this criterion into account leads to an overestimation of the number densities of very bright galaxies by nearly two orders of magnitude.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
HyperQueue: overcoming limitations of HPC job managers
Creators: name: Böhm, Stanislav
name: Beránek, Jakub
name: Cima, Vojtěch
name: Macháček, Roman
name: Jha, Vyomkesh
name: Kočí, Alfréd
name: Jansík, Branislav
name: Martinovič, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: HyperQueue
task scheduling
HPC

description: In recent years, HPC workloads and communities have undergone substantial paradigm shifts. There is an increasing amount of users that want to leverage HPC clusters to execute many simple and embarrassingly parallel tasks as easily as possible. Due to the limitations of traditional HPC job managers, however, these users must often resort to manual aggregation of tasks into a smaller number of jobs to reduce job manager overhead. This approach is both labour-intensive and inefficient, as it lacks dynamic load balancing required to fully utilize computational nodes with tens or hundreds of cores. We introduce HyperQueue, a task scheduling runtime that can execute a large amount of tasks on top of an HPC job manager by automatically aggregating tasks into jobs and dynamically load balancing them across all allocated nodes and CPU cores. HyperQueue is an open-source tool that is designed for ease of use and deployment. HyperQueue is an open-source Rust project released under the MIT licence.
description: Peer-review poster presented at SC 2021: https://sc21.supercomputing.org/proceedings/tech_poster/tech_poster_pages/rpost104.html
Nearest neighbor tight binding models with an exact mobility edge in one dimension
Creators: name: Ganeshan, Sriram
name: Pixley, J. H.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate localization properties in a family of deterministic (i.e. no disorder) nearest neighbor tight binding models with quasiperiodic onsite modulation. We prove that this family is self-dual under a generalized duality transformation. The self-dual condition for this general model turns out to be a simple closed form function of the model parameters and energy. We introduce the typical density of states as an order parameter for localization in quasiperiodic systems. By direct calculations of the inverse participation ratio and the typical density of states we numerically verify that this self-dual line indeed defines a mobility edge in energy separating localized and extended states. Our model is a first example of a nearest neighbor tight binding model manifesting a mobility edge protected by a duality symmetry. We propose a realistic experimental scheme to realize our results in atomic optical lattices and photonic waveguides.
description: 5+6 pages, published version. Added a coauthor. New results on typical density of states added and revised presentation with additional supplementary information
High risk of acute kidney injury in Malawian trauma patients: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Munthali, C.K.
name: Gibson, K.
name: Mottl, A.K.
name: Charles, A.
name: Bjornstad, E.C.
name: Muronya, W.
name: Marshall, S.W.
name: Gower, E.W.
name: Smith, Z.H.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Background: Trauma is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Yet little data exist regarding trauma-related-AKI in low-resourced settings, where the majority of deaths from AKI and trauma occur. We prospectively evaluated epidemiology of AKI in hospitalized Malawian trauma patients. Methods: AKI was defined by creatinine-only Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Those with AKI were followed up 3–6 months later to determine persistent kidney abnormalities. We calculated univariate statistics with Wilcoxon rank sum tests, Fisher’s exact, and chi-square tests to compare those with and without AKI. Multivariate log-risk regression modelling was used to determine risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for AKI development. Results: Of 223 participants, 14.4% (n = 32) developed AKI. Most patients were young (median age 32) males (n = 193, 86.5%) involved in road traffic injuries (n = 120, 53.8%). After adjusting for confounders, those with severe anemia during their admission were 1.4 times (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8) more likely to develop AKI than those without. Overall mortality was 7.6% (n = 17), and those who developed AKI were more likely to die than those who did not (18.8% vs 5.6%, p-value = 0.02). Almost half of those with AKI (n = 32) either died (n = 6) or had persistent kidney dysfunction at follow-up (n = 8). Conclusion: In one of the few African studies on trauma-related AKI, we found a high incidence of AKI (14.4%) in Malawian trauma patients with associated poor outcomes. Given AKI’s association with increased mortality and potential ramifications on long-term morbidity, urgent attention is needed to improve AKI-related outcomes.
Aggression and fighting behavior among African-American adolescents: individual and family factors.
Creators: name: Resnick, J
name: Martin, S L
name: Browne, D C
name: Cotten, N U
name: Woods, J
name: McCarraher, D R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: OBJECTIVES. This study examined the extent to which individual and family factors are associated with aggression and fighting behavior among African-American middle school adolescents. METHODS. Four hundred thirty-six African-American boys and girls from two middle schools in a predominantly low-income North Carolina school system were surveyed and their school records examined. Information was collected concerning students' aggression levels, school fighting behavior, school suspensions for fighting, attitudes toward violence, perceptions of their families' attitudes toward violence, weapon-carrying behavior, and sociodemographics. Multivariate analyses were employed to predict the students' aggression levels, fighting behavior, and school suspensions. RESULTS. Factors related to the individual adolescents, such as gender, age, weapon-carrying behavior, and attitudes toward violence, were associated with students' reports of aggression and fighting behavior. Factors related to family and school were asso...
title: Мандат короля Священной Римской империи Максимилиана 1497 г. об имперской опале Данцига и Эльбинга из архива Санкт-Петербургского института истории РАН: к вопросу об отношениях ганзейских городов с империей
Creators: name: Таценко, Тамара
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2022

description: Статья посвящена подлинному печатному мандату 1487 года короля Священной Римской империи Максимилиана, впоследствии императора Максимилиана I (1486–1519), из архива Санкт-Петербургского института истории РАН, где он хранится под шифром 446/21. В мандате объявляется имперская опала над ганзейскими городами Данциг и Эльбинг за отказ подчиниться имперской юстиции. Как и многие другие богатые торговые города Данциг и Эльбинг противились зависимости от имперской власти, подсудности имперскому суду и налогообложению со стороны империи, предпочитая менее обременительное покровительство польского короля. Статья содержит источниковедческий анализ королевского мандата, рассмотрение его композиции, характерных стилистических оборотов и особенностей языка. В состав статьи входит транскрипция текста оригинала и его перевод на русский язык.
The Risk Factors of Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis
Creators: name: Gurung, H.
name: Upadhyay, M.P.
name: Kharel Sitaula, R.
name: Joshi, S.N.
name: Manandhar, A.
name: Karmacharya, B.M.
name: Karki, P.
name: Reuben, S.
name: Maharjan, I.
name: Gower, E.W.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Year: 2021

description: Background: Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU) is an eye disease of unclear aetiology occurring cyclically during the autumn in odd years in Nepal causing blindness within a week. This study is the first of its type to investigate the risk factors of SHAPU. Methods: A multicentric national level case–control study was performed during the 2017 SHAPU outbreak. Cases were matched to controls in a 1:3 ratio based on age, sex and geographic area. Questionnaire-based personal interview was used and risk factors were categorized as biological and behavioral. For univariate analysis, frequency, median and interquartile range was calculated. Chi-squared test with/without continuity correction and Fisher’s exact test were used. Multivariate conditional logistic regressions were used for all the independent variables for p <0.1 in the univariate analyses. Results: We identified 35 cases and 105 controls; 71.4% were children≤16 years (38-day infant to 50-year-old). All were immunocompetent individuals, males were 57.1% and females 42.9%. Potential risks such as visible moths/butterfly activity, contact with livestock, and attending mass gatherings of people were not reported more frequently in cases vs controls in univariate analyses. Differences in possibly protective factors such as self-reported mosquito net use, light off at night while sleeping, and habit of hands/face washing after physical contact/touch with any insects/butterflies/birds were not statistically significant between both groups. In multivariate model, SHAPU cases were significantly more likely than controls to report physical contact with butterflies/white moths (Adjusted OR:6.89; CI:2.79–17.01,p < .001). Conclusions: Direct physical contact with butterflies/moths was associated with significantly increased odds of SHAPU cases.
Gynecologists' sex, clinical beliefs, and hysterectomy rates.
Creators: name: Earp, J A
name: Bickell, N A
name: Garrett, J M
name: Evans, A T
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: This study determined how gynecologists' sex, beliefs, appropriateness ratings, and practice characteristics influence hysterectomy rates in North Carolina. Gynecologists who performed hysterectomies at higher rates were further from training, practiced in areas with fewer gynecologists, and had more patients with abnormal bleeding or cancer. Male gynecologists performed 60% more hysterectomies than female gynecologists, but this may have been because they were further from their training.
A new compound from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. SS13M
Creators: name: Jiang, Yong-Jun
name: Ji, Yuan-Yuan
name: Li, Jia-Qi
name: Wan-Jing Ding
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: As part of our efforts toward search for structurally new and bioactive natural products from marine-derived microorganisms, one new compound (1) was characterized from a marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. SS13M. The structure of new compound was elucidated by the analysis of HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration was determined by ECD calculations.
Simple Alcohols with the Lowest Normal Boiling Point Using Topological Indices
Creators: name: Goubko, Mikhail
name: Miloserdov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find simple saturated alcohols with the given number of carbon atoms and the minimal normal boiling point. The boiling point is predicted with a weighted sum of the generalized first Zagreb index, the second Zagreb index, the Wiener index for vertex-weighted graphs, and a simple index caring for the degree of a carbon atom being incident to the hydroxyl group. To find extremal alcohol molecules we characterize chemical trees of order $n$, which minimize the sum of the second Zagreb index and the generalized first Zagreb index, and also build chemical trees, which minimize the Wiener index over all chemical trees with given vertex weights.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, accepted in 2014 by MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem