Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode
Creators: name: Algaba, J. C.
name: Balokovic, M.
name: Chandra, S.
name: Cheong, W. Y.
name: Cui, Y. Z.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Falcone, A. D.
name: Ford, N. M.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Goddi, C.
name: Gurwell, M. A.
name: Hada, K.
name: Haggard, D.
name: Jorstad, S.
name: Kaur, A.
name: Kawashima, T.
name: Kerby, S.
name: Kim, J. Y.
name: Kino, M.
name: Kravchenko, E. V.
name: Lee, S. S.
name: Lu, R. S.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Michail, J.
name: Neilsen, J.
name: Nowak, M. A.
name: Principe, G.
name: Ramakrishnan, V.
name: Ripperda, B.
name: Sasada, M.
name: Savchenko, S. S.
name: Sheridan, C.
name: Akiyama, K.
name: Alberdi, A.
name: Alef, W.
name: Anantua, R.
name: Asada, K.
name: Azulay, R.
name: Bach, U.
name: Baczko, A. -K.
name: Ball, D.
name: Bandyopadhyay, B.
name: Barrett, J.
name: Bauböck, M.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bintley, D.
name: Blackburn, L.
name: Blundell, R.
name: Bouman, K. L.
name: Bower, G. C.
name: Boyce, H.
name: Bremer, M.
name: Brissenden, R.
name: Britzen, S.
name: Broderick, A. E.
name: Broguiere, D.
name: Bronzwaer, T.
name: Bustamante, S.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Chael, A.
name: Chan, C. -K.
name: Chang, D. O.
name: Chatterjee, K.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Chen, M. -T.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Cheng, X.
name: Cho, I.
name: Christian, P.
name: Conroy, N. S.
name: Conway, J. E.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Crew, G. B.
name: Cruz-Osorio, A.
name: Dahale, R.
name: Davelaar, J.
name: De Laurentis, M.
name: Deane, R.
name: Dempsey, J.
name: Desvignes, G.
name: Dexter, J.
name: Dhruv, V.
name: Dihingia, I. K.
name: Doeleman, S. S.
name: Dzib, S. A.
name: Eatough, R. P.
name: Emami, R.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Farah, J.
name: Fish, V. L.
name: Fomalont, E.
name: Ford, H. A.
name: Foschi, M.
name: Fraga-Encinas, R.
name: Freeman, W. T.
name: Friberg, P.
name: Fromm, C. M.
name: Fuentes, A.
name: Galison, P.
name: Gammie, C. F.
name: García, R.
name: Gentaz, O.
name: Georgiev, B.
name: Gold, R.
name: Gómez-Ruiz, A. I.
name: Gómez, J. L.
name: Gu, M.
name: Hesper, R.
name: Heumann, D.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Ho, P.
name: Honma, M.
name: Huang, C. -W. L.
name: Huang, L.
name: Hughes, D. H.
name: Ikeda, S.
name: Impellizzeri, C. M. V.
name: Inoue, M.
name: Issaoun, S.
name: James, D. J.
name: Jannuzi, B. T.
name: Janssen, M.
name: Jeter, B.
name: Jiang, W.
name: Jiménez-Rosales, A.
name: Johnson, M. D.
name: Jones, A. C.
name: Joshi, A. V.
name: Jung, T.
name: Karuppusamy, R.
name: Keating, G. K.
name: Kettenis, M.
name: Kim, D. -J.
name: Kim, J.
name: Kim, J.
name: Koay, J. Y.
name: Kocherlakota, P.
name: Kofuji, Y.
name: Koch, P. M.
name: Koyama, S.
name: Kramer, C.
name: Kramer, J. A.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Kuo, C. -Y.
name: La Bella, N.
name: Levis, A.
name: Li, Z.
name: Lico, R.
name: Lindahl, G.
name: Lindqvist, M.
name: Lisakov, M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, K.
name: Liuzzo, E.
name: Lo, W. -P.
name: Lobanov, A. P.
name: Loinard, L.
name: Lonsdale, C. J.
name: Lowitz, A. E.
name: MacDonald, N. R.
name: Mao, J.
name: Marchili, N.
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: Marscher, A. P.
name: Martí-Vidal, I.
name: Matsushita, S.
name: Matthews, L. D.
name: Medeiros, L.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Mizuno, I.
name: Mizuno, Y.
name: Montgomery, J.
name: Moran, J. M.
name: Moriyama, K.
name: Moscibrodzka, M.
name: Mulaudzi, W.
name: Müller, C.
name: Müller, H.
name: Mus, A.
name: Musoke, G.
name: Myserlis, I.
name: Nagai, H.
name: Nagar, N. M.
name: Nair, D. G.
name: Nakamura, M.
name: Narayanan, G.
name: Natarajan, I.
name: Nathanail, A.
name: Fuentes, S. Navarro
name: Ni, C.
name: Oh, J.
name: Okino, H.
name: Olivares, H.
name: Oyama, T.
name: Özel, F.
name: Palumbo, D. C. M.
name: Paraschos, G. Filippos
name: Park, J.
name: Parsons, H.
name: Patel, N.
name: Pen, U. -L.
name: Pesce, D. W.
name: Piétu, V.
name: PopStefanija, A.
name: Porth, O.
name: Prather, B.
name: Psaltis, D.
name: Pu, H. -Y.
name: Rao, R.
name: Rawlings, M. G.
name: Raymond, A. W.
name: Rezzolla, L.
name: Ricarte, A.
name: Roelofs, F.
name: Romero-Cañizales, C.
name: Ros, E.
name: Roshanineshat, A.
name: Rottmann, H.
name: Roy, A. L.
name: Ruiz, I.
name: Ruszczyk, C.
name: Rygl, K. L. J.
name: Sánchez, S.
name: Sánchez-Argüelles, D.
name: Sánchez-Portal, M.
name: Satapathy, K.
name: Savolainen, T.
name: Schloerb, F. P.
name: Schonfeld, J.
name: Schuster, K. -F.
name: Shao, L.
name: Shen, Z.
name: Small, D.
name: Sohn, B. W.
name: SooHoo, J.
name: Salas, L. D. Sosapanta
name: Souccar, K.
name: Stanway, J. S.
name: Sun, H.
name: Tazaki, F.
name: Tetarenko, A. J.
name: Tiede, P.
name: Tilanus, R. P. J.
name: Titus, M.
name: Toma, K.
name: Torne, P.
name: Toscano, T.
name: Traianou, E.
name: Trent, T.
name: Trippe, S.
name: Turk, M.
name: van Bemmel, I.
name: van Langevelde, H. J.
name: van Rossum, D. R.
name: Vos, J.
name: Wagner, J.
name: Ward-Thompson, D.
name: Wardle, J.
name: Washington, J. E.
name: Weintroub, J.
name: Wharton, R.
name: Wielgus, M.
name: Wiik, K.
name: Witzel, G.
name: Wondrak, M. F.
name: Wong, G. N.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Yadlapalli, N.
name: Yamaguchi, P.
name: Yfantis, A.
name: Yoon, D.
name: Young, A.
name: Younsi, Z.
name: Yu, W.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Yuan, Y. -F.
name: Zensus, J. A.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Zhao, G. -Y.
name: Zhao, S. -S.
name: Bellazzini, R.
name: Berenji, B.
name: Bissaldi, E.
name: Blandford, R. D.
name: Bonino, R.
name: Bruel, P.
name: Cameron, R. A.
name: Caraveo, P. A.
name: Cavazzuti, E.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Ciprini, S.
name: Orestano, P. Cristarella
name: Cutini, S.
name: Di Lalla, N.
name: Dinesh, A.
name: Di Venere, L.
name: Domínguez, A.
name: Fegan, S. J.
name: Franckowiak, A.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Fusco, P.
name: Gargano, F.
name: Gasbarra, C.
name: Germani, S.
name: Giliberti, M.
name: Grenier, I. A.
name: Hays, E.
name: Horan, D.
name: Kuss, M.
name: Larsson, S.
name: Liodakis, I.
name: Longo, F.
name: Loparco, F.
name: Lovellette, M. N.
name: Maldera, S.
name: Mazziotta, M. N.
name: Mereu, I.
name: Michelson, P. F.
name: Mirabal, N.
name: Mizuno, T.
name: Monzani, M. E.
name: Morselli, A.
name: Negro, M.
name: Omodei, N.
name: Orlando, E.
name: Persic, M.
name: Rainò, S.
name: Rani, B.
name: Reimer, A.
name: Reimer, O.
name: Sánchez-Conde, M.
name: Parkinson, P. M. Saz
name: Sgrò, C.
name: Siskind, E. J.
name: Spinelli, P.
name: Suson, D. J.
name: Tajima, H.
name: Torres, D. F.
name: Zaharijas, G.
name: Aharonian, F.
name: Benkhali, F. Ait
name: Aschersleben, J.
name: Ashkar, H.
name: Backes, M.
name: Martins, V. Barbosa
name: Batzofin, R.
name: Becherini, Y.
name: Berge, D.
name: Böttcher, M.
name: Boisson, C.
name: Bolmont, J.
name: de Lavergne, M. de Bony
name: Borowska, J.
name: Bouyahiaoui, M.
name: Bradascio, F.
name: Brose, R.
name: Brown, A.
name: Bruno, B.
name: Bulik, T.
name: Burger-Scheidlin, C.
name: Casanova, S.
name: Cecil, R.
name: Celic, J.
name: Cerruti, M.
name: Chand, T.
name: Chen, A.
name: Chibueze, J.
name: Chibueze, O.
name: Czerny, T.
name: Dainotti, M.
name: Dubus, F.
name: Dumm, J.
name: D'Urso, G.
name: Drouhin, A.
name: Durouchoux, P.
name: Fabbian, D.
name: Franczak, D.
name: Funk, M.
name: Gabanyi, J.
name: Gaggero, G.
name: Garcia, N.
name: Geiger, A.
name: Giorgi, M. G.
name: Gleeson, S.
name: Gonzalez, S.
name: Gauthier, G. T.
name: Grasso, P.
name: Hovatta, T.
name: Hyman, J.
name: Kaaret, C.
name: Kirk, D.
name: Lal, S.
name: Lesch, T. M.
name: Lohmann, K.
name: Massaro, C.
name: Mayer, M.
name: Meintjes, P. J.
name: Miral, E.
name: Mirra, A.
name: Neronov, J.
name: Padovani, E.
name: Paccagnella, F.
name: Parisi, E.
name: Piotrowska, A.
name: Pohl, S.
name: Puga, G.
name: Ramirez, L. R.
name: Reville, S.
name: Rowell, D. S.
name: Rudge, M.
name: Rybka, G.
name: Schlenstedt, M. S.
name: Seo, E. S.
name: Svirski, J.
name: Taylor, J. R.
name: Torres, F.
name: Tsujimoto, K.
name: Tosti, F.
name: Volpi, S.
name: Walraven, N. A.
name: Welker, L.
name: Zietkiewicz, M.
name: Abdalla, G.
name: Aleva, C.
name: Benkhali, H. A. Ait
name: Aldous, M.
name: Amin, M.
name: Aschieri, M. A.
name: de Deus, E.
name: Santos, J. de Los
name: Fontanot, D.
name: Jorfi, S.
name: Levens, P.
name: Zwart, A. E. E.
name: Oliviero, S.
name: Puglisi, D.
name: Thiel, M.
name: Zaharijas, C.
name: Amaral, F.
name: Boella, L.
name: Holincheck, L.
name: Queiroz, R.
name: Sofue, H.
name: Tellis, G.
name: Wagner, G.
name: Wierzcholska, A.
name: Zacharias, M.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
name: Zech, A.
name: Zywucka, N.
name: Abe, S.
name: Abhir, J.
name: Abhishek, A.
name: Acciari, V. A.
name: Aguasca-Cabot, A.
name: Agudo, I.
name: Aniello, T.
name: Ansoldi, S.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Engels, A. Arbet
name: Arcaro, C.
name: Artero, M.
name: Asano, K.
name: Babic, A.
name: de Almeida, U. Barres
name: Barrio, J. A.
name: Batkovic, I.
name: Bautista, A.
name: Baxter, J.
name: González, J. Becerra
name: Bednarek, W.
name: Bernardini, E.
name: Bernete, J.
name: Berti, A.
name: Besenrieder, J.
name: Bigongiari, C.
name: Biland, A.
name: Blanch, O.
name: Bonnoli, G.
name: Bosnjak, Z.
name: Bronzini, E.
name: Burelli, I.
name: Busetto, G.
name: Campoy-Ordaz, A.
name: Carosi, A.
name: Carosi, R.
name: Carretero-Castrillo, M.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Cerasole, D.
name: Ceribella, G.
name: Chai, Y.
name: Cifuentes, A.
name: Colombo, E.
name: Contreras, J. L.
name: Cortina, J.
name: Covino, S.
name: D'Amico, G.
name: D'Elia, V.
name: Da Vela, P.
name: Dazzi, F.
name: De Angelis, A.
name: De Lotto, B.
name: de Menezes, R.
name: Delfino, M.
name: Delgado, J.
name: Mendez, C. Delgado
name: Di Pierro, F.
name: Di Tria, R.
name: Di Venere, L.
name: Prester, D. Dominis
name: Donini, A.
name: Dorner, D.
name: Doro, M.
name: Elsaesser, D.
name: Escudero, J.
name: Fariña, L.
name: Fattorini, A.
name: Foffano, L.
name: Font, L.
name: Fröse, S.
name: Fukami, S.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: López, R. J. García
name: Garczarczyk, M.
name: Gasparyan, S.
name: Gaug, M.
name: Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
name: Giglietto, N.
name: Giordano, F.
name: Gliwny, P.
name: Godinovic, N.
name: Gradetzke, T.
name: Grau, R.
name: Green, D.
name: Green, J. G.
name: Günther, P.
name: Hadasch, D.
name: Hahn, A.
name: Hassan, T.
name: Heckmann, L.
name: Llorente, J. Herrera
name: Hrupec, D.
name: Imazawa, R.
name: Ishio, K.
name: Martínez, I. Jiménez
name: Jormanainen, J.
name: Kayanoki, T.
name: Kerszberg, D.
name: Kluge, G. W.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Kouch, P. M.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Kushida, J.
name: Laínez, M.
name: Lamastra, A.
name: Leone, F.
name: Lindfors, E.
name: Lombardi, S.
name: López-Coto, R.
name: López-Moya, M.
name: López-Oramas, A.
name: Loporchio, S.
name: Lorini, A.
name: Lyard, E.
name: Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira
name: Majumdar, P.
name: Makariev, M.
name: Maneva, G.
name: Manganaro, M.
name: Mangano, S.
name: Mannheim, K.
name: Mariotti, M.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Martínez-Chicharro, M.
name: Mas-Aguilar, A.
name: Mazin, D.
name: Menchiari, S.
name: Mender, S.
name: Miceli, D.
name: Miener, T.
name: Miranda, J. M.
name: Mirzoyan, R.
name: González, M. Molero
name: Molina, E.
name: Mondal, H. A.
name: Moralejo, A.
name: Morcuende, D.
name: Nakamori, T.
name: Nanci, C.
name: Neustroev, V.
name: Nickel, L.
name: Rosillo, M. Nievas
name: Nigro, C.
name: Nikolic, L.
name: Nilsson, K.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Ekoume, T. Njoh
name: Noda, K.
name: Nozaki, S.
name: Ohtani, Y.
name: Okumura, A.
name: Otero-Santos, J.
name: Paiano, S.
name: Paneque, D.
name: Paoletti, R.
name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Peresano, M.
name: Persic, M.
name: Pihet, M.
name: Pirola, G.
name: Podobnik, F.
name: Moroni, P. G. Prada
name: Prandini, E.
name: Priyadarshi, C.
name: Ribó, M.
name: Rico, J.
name: Righi, C.
name: Sahakyan, N.
name: Saito, T.
name: Saturni, F. G.
name: Schmidt, K.
name: Schmuckermaier, F.
name: Schubert, J. L.
name: Schweizer, T.
name: Sciaccaluga, A.
name: Silvestri, G.
name: Sitarek, J.
name: Sliusar, V.
name: Sobczynska, D.
name: Spolon, A.
name: Stamerra, A.
name: Strišković, J.
name: Strom, D.
name: Strzys, M.
name: Suda, Y.
name: Suutarinen, S.
name: Tajima, H.
name: Takahashi, M.
name: Takeishi, R.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Temnikov, P.
name: Terauchi, K.
name: Terzic, T.
name: Teshima, M.
name: Truzzi, S.
name: Tutone, A.
name: Ubach, S.
name: van Scherpenberg, J.
name: Acosta, M. Vazquez
name: Ventura, S.
name: Verna, G.
name: Viale, I.
name: Vigorito, C. F.
name: Vitale, V.
name: Vovk, I.
name: Walter, R.
name: Will, M.
name: Wunderlich, C.
name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Acharyya, A.
name: Adams, C. B.
name: Bangale, P.
name: Bartkoske, J. T.
name: Benbow, W.
name: Christiansen, J. L.
name: Duerr, A.
name: Errando, M.
name: Feng, Q.
name: Foote, G. M.
name: Fortson, L.
name: Furniss, A.
name: Hanlon, W.
name: Hervet, O.
name: Hinrichs, C. E.
name: Holder, J.
name: Humensky, T. B.
name: Jin, W.
name: Johnson, M. N.
name: Kaaret, P.
name: Kertzman, M.
name: Kieda, D.
name: Kleiner, T. K.
name: Korzoun, N.
name: Krennrich, F.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Lang, M. J.
name: Lundy, M.
name: Maier, G.
name: McGrath, C. E.
name: Millard, M. J.
name: Mooney, C. L.
name: Moriarty, P.
name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Ning, W.
name: O'Brien, S.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Pueschel, E.
name: Quinn, J.
name: Ragan, K.
name: Reynolds, P. T.
name: Ribeiro, D.
name: Roache, E.
name: Ryan, J. L.
name: Sadeh, I.
name: Saha, L.
name: Santander, M.
name: Sembroski, G. H.
name: Shang, R.
name: Splettstoesser, M.
name: Talluri, A. K.
name: Tucci, J. V.
name: Valverde, J.
name: Vassiliev, V. V.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Wong, S. L.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Cui, L.
name: Hirota, T.
name: Li, B.
name: Li, G.
name: Liu, Q.
name: Liu, X.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Ma, J.
name: Niinuma, K.
name: Ro, H.
name: Sakai, N.
name: Sawada-Satoh, S.
name: Wajima, K.
name: Wang, J.
name: Wang, N.
name: Xia, B.
name: Yan, H.
name: Yonekura, Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Zhao, R.
name: Zhong, W.
name: group, The Event Horizon Telescope - Multi-wavelength science working
name: Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope
name: Collaboration, The Fermi Large Area Telescope
name: Collaboration, H. E. S. S.
name: Collaboration, MAGIC
name: Collaboration, VERITAS
name: Collaboration, EAVN
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of the only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conduct phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV has more than doubled within a period of about 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling.
description: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted by Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics on August. 29, 2024