cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Innate Motivation to Tidy Your Room: Online Onboard Evolution of Manipulation Behaviors in a Robot Swarm (plots and video)
Creators: name: Kaiser, Tanja Katharina
name: Lang, Christine
name: Marwitz, Florian Andreas
name: Charles, Christian
name: Dreier, Sven
name: Petzold, Julian
name: Hannawald, Max Ferdinand
name: Begemann, Marian Johannes
name: Hamann, Heiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: As our contribution to the effort of developing methods to make robots more adaptive and robust to dynamic environments, we have proposed our method of 'minimal surprise' in a series of previous works. In a multi-robot setting, we use evolutionary computation to evolve pairs of artificial neural networks: an actor network to select motor speeds and a predictor network to predict future sensor input. By rewarding for prediction accuracy, we give robots an innate, task-independent motivation to behave in structured and thus, predictable ways. While we previously focused on feasibility studies using abstract simulations, we now present our first results using realistic robot simulations and first experiments with real robot hardware. In a centralized online and onboard evolution approach, we show that minimize surprise works effectively on Thymio II robots in an area cleaning scenario.
Gravitational frequency shift of light signals in a pulsating dark matter halo
Creators: name: Koutvitsky, Vladimir A.
name: Maslov, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational frequency shift of light signals from the center of a spherically symmetric non-static matter distribution is considered. Explicit formulas for the ratio of the emitted and received frequencies are obtained in the case of the oscillating scalar dark matter with logarithmic potential.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Quantum Krylov subspace algorithms for ground and excited state energy estimation
Creators: name: Cortes, Cristian L.
name: Gray, Stephen K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Krylov subspace diagonalization (QKSD) algorithms provide a low-cost alternative to the conventional quantum phase estimation algorithm for estimating the ground and excited-state energies of a quantum many-body system. While QKSD algorithms typically rely on using the Hadamard test for estimating Krylov subspace matrix elements of the form, $\langle ϕ_i|e^{-i\hat{H}τ}|ϕ_j \rangle$, the associated quantum circuits require an ancilla qubit with controlled multi-qubit gates that can be quite costly for near-term quantum hardware. In this work, we show that a wide class of Hamiltonians relevant to condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry contain symmetries that can be exploited to avoid the use of the Hadamard test. We propose a multi-fidelity estimation protocol that can be used to compute such quantities showing that our approach, when combined with efficient single-fidelity estimation protocols, provides a substantial reduction in circuit depth. In addition, we develop a unified theory of quantum Krylov subspace algorithms and present three new quantum-classical algorithms for the ground and excited-state energy estimation problems, where each new algorithm provides various advantages and disadvantages in terms of total number of calls to the quantum computer, gate depth, classical complexity, and stability of the generalized eigenvalue problem within the Krylov subspace.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE GAMES IN IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILLS
Creators: name: Khalilova, Sevara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Interactive games have emerged as a transformative tool in the realm of education, offering an engaging, dynamic, and immersive approach to language learning. This thesis explores the role of interactive games in improving speaking skills, particularly among English language learners (ELLs). With communication being a critical component of language acquisition, interactive games present unique opportunities for learners to practice speaking in low-pressure environments, encourage active participation, and develop fluency through authentic language use. This study examines various types of interactive games, their impact on speaking proficiency, and how they address challenges such as anxiety, motivation, and the need for real-time feedback.
Study of Decay Modes in Transfermium Isotopes
Creators: name: Singh, U. K.
name: Sharma, P. K.
name: Kaushik, M.
name: Jain, S. K.
name: Akrawy, Dashty T.
name: Saxena, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the unknown territory of transfermium nuclei, the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory has been applied to probe decay modes which include $α$-decay, spontaneous fission (SF), and a less explored weak-decay. These decay modes are analyzed on equal footing for 101$\leq$Z$\leq$109 and as a consequence, the half-lives for weak-decay are indeed found comparable for several isotopes. Our prediction of decay modes and half-lives are found in excellent agreement with available experimental decay modes and half-lives along with the results of some other theories. Out of $α$, $β^+$/EC, $β^-$, and SF, the most probable decay mode is anticipated along with its half-life over a wide range of odd and even nuclei to frame a novel sight into terra incognita.
Universal Reduction of Effective Coordination Number in the Quasi-One-Dimensional Ising Model
Creators: name: Todo, Synge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical temperature of quasi-one-dimensional general-spin Ising ferromagnets is investigated by means of the cluster Monte Carlo method performed on infinite-length strips, L times infty or L times L times infty. We find that in the weak interchain coupling regime the critical temperature as a function of the interchain coupling is well-described by a chain mean-field formula with a reduced effective coordination number, as the quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets recently reported by Yasuda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 217201 (2005)]. It is also confirmed that the effective coordination number is independent of the spin size. We show that in the weak interchain coupling limit the effective coordination number is, irrespective of the spin size, rigorously given by the quantum critical point of a spin-1/2 transverse-field Ising model.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, minor modifications, final version published in Phys. Rev. B
A surprising finding related to cybersex and high risk sexual behaviors
Creators: name: Calvo, Jesús Castro
name: Ballester-Arnal, Rafael
name: Gil-Llario, Maria Dolores
name: Gil-Julià, Beatriz
name: Juárez-Tamargo, Cristina
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Background: Some studies have documented higher rates of risky sexual behaviors among young people who are exposed to online pornography. However, results are inconsistent and the link between cybersex and high risk sexual behavior remains unclear. The aim of this study was to extend current knowledge by analyzing the association between cybersex consumption and several high risk sexual indicators (number of sexual partners, condom use during vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, etc.) in young people.

Methods: Data were drawn from an online sexual behavior study conducted between 2011 and 2013. 329 participants aged 18-25 years completed the Internet Sex Screening Test Spanish version (ISST) and a sexual behavior survey. 277 (104 males) reported having had sexual intercourse during last 3 months and were eligible for this study.

Results: Number of sexual partners was correlated with total ISST score (r=.305; p=.000) and 3 out of the 5 ISST subscales. We found the strongest association between number of sexual partners and the use of cybersex as a mean to meet people online (r=.350; p=.000). Participants were divided into two groups (consistent or inconsistent condom use) depending on their condom use pattern during vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, oral intercourse, sex with a stable partner, or casual sex. We only found differences in cybersex consumption between groups when analyzing condom use during anal intercourse: those who reported inconsistent condom use obtained lower scores on ISST total score (t=-3.110; p=.002), pornography viewing (t=-3.669; p=.000) and cybersex as a mean to meet people online (t=2.50; p=.007).

Conclusions: We found a strong connection between cybersex and number of sexual partners but, contrary to what was expected, cybersex scores were lower in anal intercourse high risk group. These results suggest that cybersex is not associated with risky sexual behaviors among young adults.
Quantum critical scaling in magnetic field near the Dirac point in graphene
Creators: name: Herbut, Igor F.
name: Roy, Bitan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent measurement of the activation energy at the quantum Hall state at the filling factor f=1 in graphene we discuss the scaling of the interaction-induced gaps in vicinity of the Dirac point with the magnetic field. The gap at f=1 is shown to be bounded from above by E(1)/C, where E(n) are the Landau level energies and C = 5.985 + O(1/N) is a universal number. The universal scaling functions are computed exactly for a large number of Dirac fermions N. We find a sublinear dependence of the gap at the laboratory magnetic fields for realistic values of short-range repulsion between electrons, and in quantitative agreement with observation.
description: 5 RevTex pages, 3 figures; added comments and references; cosmetic changes (this, published, version)
The Casimir Effect
Creators: name: Martin, Ph. A.
name: Buenzli, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a review of the standard calculation of the Casimir force between two metallic plates at zero and non-zero temperatures, we present the study of microscopic models to determine the large-distance asymptotic force in the high-temperature regime. Casimir's conducting plates are modelized by plasmas of interacting charges at temperature T. The charges are either classical, or quantum-mechanical and coupled to a (classical) radiation field. In these models, the force obtained is twice weaker than that arising from standard treatments neglecting the microscopic charge fluctutations inside the bodies. The enforcement of inert boundary conditions on the field in the usual calculations turns out to be inadequate in this regime. Other aspects of dispersion forces are also reviewed. The status of (non-retarded) van der Waals-London forces in a dilute medium of non-zero temperature and density is investigated. In a proper scaling regime called the atomic limit (high dilution and low temperature), one is able to give the exact large-distance atomic correlations up to exponentially small terms as T->0. Retarded van der Waals forces and forces between dielectric bodies are also reviewed. Finally, the Casimir effect in critical phenomena is addressed by considering the free Bose gas. It is shown that the grand-canonical potential of the gas in a slab at the critical value of the chemical potential has finite size corrections of the standard Casimir type. They can be attributed to the existence of long-range order generated by gapless excitations in the phase with broken continuous symmetry.
description: Lecture notes prepared for the proceedings of the 1st Warsaw School of Statistical Physics, Kazimierz, Poland, June 2005. To appear in Acta Physica Polonica (2006). 52 pages, 0 figures. Available at http://th-www.if.uj.edu.pl/acta/vol37/pdf/v37p2503.pdf
Numerical simulation of Delft-jet-in-hot-coflow (DJHC) flames using the Eddy Dissipation Concept model for turbulence-chemistry interaction
Creators: name: De, Ashoke
name: Oldenhof, Ernst
name: Sathiah, Pratap
name: Roekaerts, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report results of a numerical investigation of turbulent natural gas combustion for jet in a coflow of lean combustion products in the Delft-Jet-in-Hot-Coflow (DJHC) burner which emulates MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) combustion behavior. The focus is on assessing the performance of the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model in combination with two-equation turbulence models and chemical kinetic schemes for about 20 species (Correa mechanism and DRM19 mechanism) by comparing predictions with experimental measurements. We study two different flame conditions corresponding to two different oxygen levels (7.6% and 10.9% by mass) in the hot coflow, and for two jet Reynolds number (Re=4100 and Re=8800). The mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy predicted by different turbulence models are in good agreement with data without exhibiting large differences among the model predictions. The realizable k-e model exhibits better performance in the prediction of entrainment. The EDC combustion model predicts too early ignition leading to a peak in the radial mean temperature profile at too low axial distance. However the model correctly predicts the experimentally observed decreasing trend of lift-off height with jet Reynolds number. A detailed analysis of the mean reaction rate of the EDC model is made and as possible cause for the deviations between model predictions and experiments a low turbulent Reynolds number effect is identified. Using modified EDC model constants prediction of too early ignition can be avoided. The results are weakly sensitive to the sub-model for laminar viscosity and laminar diffusion fluxes.
Oil flow in the oilwell tube annulus of vertical bearing assemblies
Creators: name: Piao, Yinghu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Oil leakage from the oilwell tube annulus of self-contained vertical bearing assemblies has been of practical industrial concern for many years. Earlier observations of bearing behavior indicated that this leakage was associated with the complicated physical processes that describe the flow of oil in the bearing's reservoir. In this latest study, we seek to obtain a better understanding of this oil flow, particularly in the annular clearance space surrounding the oilwell tube. This will be done by means of numerical simulation and experimental flow visualization. A test rig was designed and built for the purpose of simulating the bearing's oilwell tube annulus. A major feature of this rig was to provide visual access to the annular clearance space, and also to the region beneath the rotating runner where strong secondary flow effects are known to exist. A light sheet visualization technique, using micro air bubbles as the tracer, was the primary method for tracing the secondary flow pathlines. In particular, the effect of runner speed on these pathlines was investigated. Appearances of the air bubbles in the light sheet (radial-axial plane) were timed and analyzed in order to quantitatively examine the velocity of the oil flow, and to compare the experimental results with numerical data. The oilwell tube has an axisymmetric geometry. Accordingly, a three dimensional CFD code for laminar, axisymmetric flow with a free surface (A3D-CFD code) was developed for the purpose of analyzing the flows in the oilwell tube. This code was verified using results from the experimental study, and also using data obtained from classical analytical studies of free surface shapes, velocity distributions and flow patterns. The experimental and analytical data were in good agreement with the computational results. Using the A3D-CFD code, oil flow patterns in the oilwell tube annulus of the test rig were computed. This study showed that the primary (circumferential) swirling flow was well stratified inside the oilwell tube annulus, while a strong secondary flow beneath the runner was in the form of a vortex. The strength of this secondary vortex (in terms of the local secondary flow vorticity ω[sub θϲ] at the core of the secondary vortex) was also studied. The non-dimensional vorticity (ω[sub θϲ]/ω[sub R]) was correlated with the Reynolds number (ReR). A numerical technique was developed for the purpose of tracing micro air bubbles in the oil flow field computed from the A3D-CFD code. By considering buoyancy effects due to the gravitational and centrifugal forces, the pathline of an air bubble was determined. Various parameters that affect the path of the air bubble, such as bubble size, oil viscosity and runner speed, were included in this study. The computed pathlines of the air bubble were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results.
What Is Boolean Valued Analysis?
Creators: name: Kutateladze, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C90

description: This is a brief overview of the basic techniques of Boolean valued analysis.
description: 25 pages with a few improvements
The Targum (1975:Feb. 03 - 1975:Feb. 28)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1975

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Indications for 3 Mpc-scale large-scale structure associated with an X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at z=0.95
Creators: name: Fassbender, R.
name: Boehringer, H.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Mullis, C. R.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Kohnert, J.
name: Santos, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray luminous clusters of galaxies at z~1 are emerging as major cosmological probes and are fundamental tools to study the cosmic large-scale structure and environmental effects of galaxy evolution at large look-back times. We present details of the newly-discovered galaxy cluster XMMU J0104.4-0630 at z=0.947 and a probable associated system in the LSS environment. The clusters were found in a systematic study for high-redshift systems using deep archival XMM-Newton data for the serendipitous detection and the X-ray analysis, complemented by optical/NIR imaging observations and spectroscopy of the main cluster. We find a well-evolved, intermediate luminosity cluster with Lx=(6.4+-1.3)x10^43 erg/s (0.5-2.0 keV) and strong central 1.4 GHz radio emission. The cluster galaxy population exhibits a pronounced transition toward bluer colors at cluster-centric distances of 1-2 core radii, consistent with an age difference of 1-2 Gyr for a single burst solar metallicity model. The second, less evolved X-ray cluster at a projected distance of 6.4 arcmin (~3 Mpc) and a concordant red-sequence color likely forms a cluster-cluster bridge with the main target as part of its surrounding large-scale structure at z~0.95.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Two-dimensional electron scattering in regions of nonuniform spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Pályi, András
name: Péterfalvi, Csaba
name: Cserti, József
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of elastic spin-dependent electron scattering caused by a nonuniform Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength. Using the spin-generalized method of partial waves the scattering amplitude is exactly derived for the case of a circular shape of scattering region. We found that the polarization of the scattered waves are strongly anisotropic functions of the scattering angle. This feature can be utilized to design a good all-electric spin-polarizer. General properties of the scattering process are also investigated in the high and low energy limits.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Nonadiabatic electron heat pump
Creators: name: Rey, Miguel
name: Strass, Michael
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Hänggi, Peter
name: Sols, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a mechanism for extracting heat from metallic conductors based on the energy-selective transmission of electrons through a spatially asymmetric resonant structure subject to ac driving. This quantum refrigerator can operate at zero net electronic current as it replaces hot by cold electrons through two energetically symmetric inelastic channels. We present numerical results for a specific heterostructure and discuss general trends. We also explore the conditions under which the cooling rate may approach the ultimate limit given by the quantum of cooling power.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; published version, typos corrected
Preemptive vortex-loop proliferation in multicomponent interacting Bose--Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Dahl, E. K.
name: Babaev, E.
name: Kragset, S.
name: Sudbo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use analytical arguments and large-scale Monte Carlo calculations to investigate the nature of the phase transitions between distinct complex superfluid phases in a two-component Bose--Einstein condensate when a non-dissipative drag between the two components is being varied. We focus on understanding the role of topological defects in various phase transitions and develop vortex-matter arguments allowing an analytical description of the phase diagram. We find the behavior of fluctuation induced vortex matter to be much more complex and substantially different from that of single-component superfluids. We propose and investigate numerically a novel drag-induced ``preemptive vortex loop proliferation'' transition. Such a transition may be a quite generic feature in many multicomponent systems where symmetry is restored by a gas of several kinds of competing vortex loops.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Physical Review B
Evidence of Cosmic-Ray Excess from Local Giant Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Baghmanyan, Vardan
name: Peron, Giada
name: Casanova, Sabrina
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Zanin, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the analysis of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope data from six nearby giant molecular clouds (MCs) belonging to the Gould Belt and the Aquila Rift regions. The high statistical γ-ray spectra above 3 GeV well described by power laws make it possible to derive precise estimates of the cosmic-ray (CR) distribution in the MCs. The comparison of γ-ray spectra of Taurus, Orion A, and Orion B clouds with the model expected from Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) CR measurements confirms these clouds as passive clouds, immersed in an AMS-02-like CR spectrum. A similar comparison of Aquila Rift, Rho Oph, and Cepheus spectra yields significant deviation in both spectral indices and absolute fluxes, which can imply an additional acceleration of CRs throughout the entire clouds. Besides, the theoretical modeling of the excess γ-ray spectrum of these clouds, assuming π0-decay interaction of CRs in the cloud, gives a considerable amount of an enhanced CR energy density and it shows a significant deviation in spectral shapes compared to the average AMS-02 CR spectrum between 30 GeV and 10 TeV. We suggest that this variation in the CR spectrum of Cepheus could be accounted for by an efficient acceleration in the shocks of winds of OB associations, while in Rho Oph, similar acceleration can be provided by multiple T-Tauri stars populated in the whole cloud. In the case of Aquila Rift, the excess in absolute CR flux could be related to an additional acceleration of CRs by supernova remnants or propagation effects in the cloud.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Published in ApJL
The Topology of Open Manifolds with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature
Creators: name: Shen, Zhongmin
name: Sormani, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 58B20

description: We survey all results concerning the topology of complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature that have no additional conditions other than restrictions to the dimension, volume growth or diameter growth of the manifold. We will also present relevant examples and list open problems.
description: survey article, 30 pages, 12 figures, (v2: change in the construction of the dyadic solenoid complement, other minor adjustments and typos corrected)
Solar System planetary orbital motions and dark matter
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explicitly work out the effects that a spherically symmetric distribution of dark matter with constant density would induce on the Keplerian orbital elements of the Solar System planets and compare them with the latest results in planetary orbit determination from the EPM2004 ephemerides. It turns out that the longitudes of perihelia and the mean longitudes are affected by secular precessions. The resulting upper bounds on dark matter density, obtained from the EPM2004 formal errors in the determined mean longitude shifts over 90 years, lie in the range 10^-19-10^-20 g cm^-3 with a peak of 10^-22 g cm^-3 for Mars. Suitable combinations of the planetary mean longitudes and perihelia, which cancel out the aliasing impact of some of the unmodelled or mismodelled forces of the dynamical models of EPM2004, yield a global upper bound of 7 10^-20 g cm^-3 and 4 10^-19 g cm^-3, respectively.
description: Latex, 8 pages, 2 tables, no figures, 8 references. Revised version with improved analysis
Nursing informatics, ethics and decisions: implications for translational research
Creators: name: Kaltoft, Mette Kjer
name: Nielsen, Jesper Bo
name: Salkeld, Glenn
name: Dowie, Jack
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Web-based decision support can provide nursing with a technique (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis), template (Annalisa), and tool for translating research findings 'forward' into practice. It can also identify weaknesses in the current evidence base in order to influence research priorities through ‘backward translation'. The optimal decision in each case depends on both the weights attached to the selected criteria and the performance ratings for the options on those criteria. Inevitable trade-offs can be communicated interactively in the decision-analytic framework to facilitate multi-disciplinary collaboration. Applications in the clinical context (the ethical decision of whether to disclose a prognosis) and institutional one (should nurses use handhelds?) are cited.
Unveiling the Important Role of Groups in the Evolution of Massive Galaxies: Insights from an Infrared Passive Sequence at Intermediate Redshift
Creators: name: Wilman, D. J.
name: Pierini, D.
name: Tyler, K.
name: McGee, S. L.
name: Oemler, A.
name: Morris, S. L.
name: Balogh, M. L.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Mulchaey, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most massive galaxies in the Universe are also the oldest. To overturn this apparent contradiction with hierarchical growth models, we focus on the group scale haloes which host most of these galaxies. A stellar mass selected M_* >~ 2x10^10M_sol sample at z~0.4 is constructed within the CNOC2 redshift survey. A sensitive Mid InfraRed (MIR) IRAC colour is used to isolate passive galaxies. It produces a bimodal distribution, in which passive galaxies (highlighted by morphological early-types) define a tight MIR colour sequence (Infrared Passive Sequence, IPS). This is due to stellar atmospheric emission from old stellar populations. Significantly offset from the IPS are galaxies where reemission by dust boosts emission at 8microns (InfraRed-Excess or IRE galaxies). They include all known morphological late-types. Comparison with EW[OII] shows that MIR colour is highly sensitive to low levels of activity, and allows us to separate dusty-active from passive galaxies. The fraction of IRE galaxies, f(IRE) drops with M_*, such that f(IRE)=0.5 at a ``crossover mass'' of ~1.3x10^11M_sol. Within our optically-defined group sample there is a strong and consistent deficit in f(IRE) at all masses, and most clearly at M_* >~10^11M_sol. Using a mock galaxy catalogue derived from the Millenium Simulation we show that the observed trend of f(IRE) with M_* can be explained if suppression of star formation occurs primarily in the group environment, and particularly for M_*>~10^11M_sol galaxies. In this way, downsizing can be driven solely by structure growth in the Universe.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Innovative nursing approaches to better decision communication and concordance in sexual and reproductive health
Creators: name: Kaltoft, Mette Kjer
name: Dowie, Jack
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The challenge of achieving better decision communication and concordance in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) requires a diversity of innovative approaches. For nurses and all health professionals these can include interactive body diagrams, familiar educational games (e.g. nip-nappers), and  multi-criteria aids (paper-based or online) relevant at the series of major decision nodes that characterise the SRH life path.
Conjugacy classes of affine automorphisms of K^n and linear automorphisms of P^n in the Cremona groups
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E07; 14J26; 14J50; 14L27; 14L35; 14R10; 14R20

description: We describe the conjugacy classes of affine automorphisms in the group $Aut(n,\K)$ (respectively $Bir(\K^n)$) of automorphisms (respectively of birational maps) of $\K^n$. From this we deduce also the classification of conjugacy classes of automorphisms of $\Pn$ in the Cremona group $Bir(\K^n)$.
description: 17 pages, no figures
КАРБОНАТ МАГНИЯ - УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНОЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЕ
Creators: name: Жалилов, Рахимжон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Карбонат магния, также известный как магнезит, является одним из наиболее распространенных и важных минеральных соединений, содержащих магний. Этот белый кристаллический порошок играет ключевую роль во многих промышленных и медицинских приложениях благодаря своим уникальным физическим и химическим свойствам.
Investigating the relation between gravitational wave tests of general relativity
Creators: name: Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan K.
name: Ghosh, Abhirup
name: Ghonge, Sudarshan
name: Saleem, Muhammed
name: Krishnendu, N. V.
name: Clark, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave observations of compact binary coalescences provide precision probes of strong-field gravity. There is thus now a standard set of null tests of general relativity (GR) applied to LIGO-Virgo detections and many more such tests proposed. However, the relation between all these tests is not yet well understood. We start to investigate this by applying a set of standard tests to simulated observations of binary black holes in GR and with phenomenological deviations from GR. We consider four types of tests: residuals, inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency, parameterized phasing (two varieties), and modified dispersion relation. We also check the consistency of the unmodeled reconstruction of the waveforms with the waveform recovered using GR templates. These tests are applied to simulated observations similar to GW150914 with both large and small deviations from GR and similar to GW170608 just with small deviations from GR. We find that while very large deviations from GR are picked up with high significance by almost all tests, more moderate deviations are picked up by only a few tests, and some deviations are not recognized as GR violations by any test at the moderate signal-to-noise ratios we consider. Moreover, the tests that identify various deviations with high significance are not necessarily the expected ones. In particular, the parameterized tests recover PN test parameters much closer to zero than their true values in some cases. Additionally, we find that of the GR deviations we consider, the residuals test is only able to detect extreme deviations from GR that no longer look like binary black hole coalescences in GR. The reconstruction comparison shows more promise for detecting relatively small GR deviations in an unmodeled framework, at least for high-mass systems.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures. Accepted manuscript
Coherent Control of Stationary Light Pulses
Creators: name: Zimmer, F. E.
name: André, A.
name: Lukin, M. D.
name: Fleischhauer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the recently demonstrated technique to generate quasi-stationary pulses of light [M. Bajcsy {\it et al.}, Nature (London) \textbf{426}, 638 (2003)] based on electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that the use of counter-propagating control fields to retrieve a light pulse, previously stored in a collective atomic Raman excitation, leads to quasi-stationary light field that undergoes a slow diffusive spread. The underlying physics of this process is identified as pulse matching of probe and control fields. We then show that spatially modulated control-field amplitudes allow us to coherently manipulate and compress the spatial shape of the stationary light pulse. These techniques can provide valuable tools for quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information processing.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
Androlife campaign: andrologists and psychosexologists in team – premature ejaculation, the main sexual dysfunction diagnosed in young men
Creators: name: Duretto, Vilma
name: Lanfranco, Franco
name: Manieri, Chiara
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Androlife is the first Italian national campaign aimed to: promote the primary prevention of the reproductive tract pathologies in males, inform young  boys on the importance of controlling risk factors for male infertility, sensitize public awareness of male reproductive health, collect data on lifestyle, habits and general health status of young males aged 18 to 35, and diagnose possible andrological pathologies.

From 2012 to 2014 the Androlife campaign in Italy, in particular in Turin, northern part of Italy, has been organized by a team of andrologists and clinical sexologists. The possibility to perform a free psychosexological consultation was offered to all patients.

In 3 years, 256 young males aged under, underwent clinical andrological evaluation. The following previously unknown andrological disorders were detected: 57 subjects (22,2%), had left or bilateral varicocele, 41 (16%) past or present  genital urinary infections, 17 (6,6%) reduced androgenization, 33 (13%) had premature ejaculation (PE), and 13 (5%) had erectile dysfunction. (ED).

From these data PE proved to be the most frequent sexual dysfunction in young males.

Psychosexual interview confirmed PE diagnosis, due to psychological and psychosocial reasons.

The Androlife campaign, andrologists and psychosexologists in team, allowed  young males to report and or/ diagnose a sexual dysfunction, which is known to be the most prevalent but is often under diagnosed. PE as negative impact on sexual health and general well being.
Vibrational density of states capture the role of dynamic allostery in protein evolution
Creators: name: Modi, Tushar
name: Heyden, Matthias
name: Ozkan, S. Banu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Previous studies of the flexibilities of ancestral proteins suggests that proteins evolve their function by altering their native state ensemble. Here we propose a more direct method of visualizing this by measuring the changes in the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of proteins as they evolve. Through analysis of VDOS profiles of ancestral and extant proteins we observe that $β$-lactamase and thioredoxins evolve by altering their density of states in the terahertz region. Particularly, the shift in VDOS profiles between ancestral and extant proteins suggests that nature utilize dynamic allostery for functional evolution. Moreover, we also show that VDOS profile of individual position can be used to describe the flexibility changes, particularly those without any amino acid substitution.
Regge-cascade hadronization
Creators: name: Odagiri, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the evolution of coloured partons into colour-singlet hadrons has approximate factorization into an extended parton-shower phase and a colour-singlet resonance--pole phase. The amplitude for the conversion of colour connected partons into hadrons necessarily resembles Regge-pole amplitudes since qq-bar resonance amplitudes and Regge-pole amplitudes are related by duality. A `Regge-cascade' factorization property of the N-point Veneziano amplitude provides further justification of this protocol. This latter factorization property, in turn, allows the construction of general multi-hadron amplitudes in amplitude-squared factorized form from (1->2) link amplitudes. We suggest an algorithm with cascade-decay configuration, ordered in the transverse momentum, suitable for Monte-Carlo simulation. We make a simple implementation of this procedure in Herwig++, obtaining some improvement to the description of the event-shape distributions at LEP.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
On the Temporal Order of First-Passage Times in One-Dimensional Lattice Random Walks
Creators: name: Sanders, J. B.
name: Temme, N. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A60; 60G50; 33C10

description: A random walk problem with particles on discrete double infinite linear grids is discussed. The model is based on the work of Montroll and others. A probability connected with the problem is given in the form of integrals containing modified Bessel functions of the first kind. By using several transformations simpler integrals are obtained from which for two and three particles asymptotic approximations are derived for large values of the parameters. Expressions of the probability for $n$ particles are also derived.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
The role of resting state and pre-stimulus alpha in the Attentional Blink
Creators: name: Apthorp, Deborah
name: Spokes, Tara
name: Jeans, Rhiannon
name: Croft, Rodney
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The Attentional Blink (AB) phenomenon occurs when two targets, embedded within a rapidly-presented sequence of distractors, must be identified. When the second target occurs within around 500 ms of the first, participants frequently miss it.

Recently, there has been some focus on the role of alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillations in the brain, their role in temporal attention, and more specifically in the AB. Previous studies show resting-state alpha predicts AB, and that alpha power immediately prior to masked stimulus presentation can predict stimulus perception; however, the role of pre-stimulus alpha in the AB has received relatively little attention.

We measured continuous EEG during both resting state and an AB task. There was considerable individual variation in AB magnitude; we failed to replicate MacLean et al.’s (2012) finding that resting-state alpha predicted AB, but found a strong relationship between pre-stimulus alpha power and AB. Comparing AB to no-AB trials, alpha power was higher for trials in which an AB was present. In addition, during stimulus presentation, alpha phase differed markedly for AB compared to no-AB trials. The results support both attentional overinvestment and alpha entrainment accounts of the AB.
Micropower Generation using Buckling Piezoelectric Elements
Creators: name: Counsell, Nathan Alan
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2021
Subjects: Energy Harvesting
Piezoelectric
Renewable Energy
Buckling Piezoelectrics
Monostable
Piezoelectric Ceramics
Optimised Buckling Structures

description: In recent years, piezoelectric materials and structures have gained significant attention for energy harvesting purposes. This attention can be attributed to the enhancement of low-power electronics and the high energy density of piezoelectric materials compared to other forms of energy conversion and transduction. This work explores the recent contributions to the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting, contributing two novel methods that can be implemented to improve the power output and efficiency of a single piezoelectric element. The methods that have been investigated in this thesis are based on the buckling of piezoelectric material. The initial method examines a diaphragm preformed piezoelectric element, where numerical and simulation model has been carried out. This work has then been validated through experimentation, where empirical data has been collected verifying the COMSOL model and future optimising the manufacturing process of the diaphragm. This work contributes to a peer-reviewed paper “Powering lights with Piezoelectric energy-harvesting floors” published in the journal Energy Technology. This work shows that employed a diaphragm structure can increase both efficiency and power output with an increase of efficiency from 0.522% to 3.765%. The observed power output increase from 191.686µJ to 644.16µJ. The second method investigates a preloaded piezoelectric curved structure with elastic walls. The use of nonlinear materials is critical to the development of a buckling structure, allowing energy to be stored upon actuation while reducing input stresses. The result of this is a reduced buckling force, with an increased energy output and efficiency for the whole system. The findings of this work demonstrate that efficiency can be increase from 0.522% to 16.813% while achieving a greater power output from 191.686µJ to 208.577µJ. Furthermore, this work identifies that a monostable structure as opposed to a bi or multi-stable structure can significantly produce higher power outputs than conventional methods, whilst achieving long life within a small compact area. A COMSOL simulation of the mechanical behaviour coupled with the constitutive equations has been developed to enable future optimises to structure and design and validated using the empirical data. In additional, two equations have been developed using empirical data to aid in selection of buckling force and power output for an energy harvester. This is to enable developers of low-power electronics to select the optimised system for their application reducing the need for primary batteries within electrical devices.
Comparing algorithms to genotype short tandem repeats in next-generation sequencing data
Creators: name: Dashnow, Harriet
name: Oshlack, Alicia
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short (2-6bp) DNA sequences repeated in tandem, which make up approximately 3% of the human genome. These loci are prone to frequent mutations and high polymorphism. Dozens of neurological and developmental disorders have been attributed to STR expansions. STRs have also been implicated in a range of functions such as DNA replication and repair, chromatin organisation and regulation of gene expression.

Traditionally, STR variation has been measured using capillary gel electrophoresis. This process is time-consuming and expensive, and so has tended to limit STR analysis to a handful of loci.

Next-generation sequencing has the potential to address these problems. However, determining STR lengths using next-generation sequencing data is difficult. For example, many callers are limited by sequencing read lengths and polymerase slippage during PCR amplification introduces stutter noise.

Recently, a small number of software tools have been developed genotype STRs in next-generation sequencing data. We have performed a general comparison of the tools published to date, identifying their application domains, assumptions and limitations.

We have assessed the performance of some of the most popular STR genotyping tools on human next-generation sequencing data. When comparing STR callers we have observed drastic differences in which STR loci are identified as variant. Surprisingly, even for variant loci reported in common between tools, there is markedly low concordance between the specific genotype calls.

Finally, we draw together our findings to comment on the considerations when choosing and running an STR genotyping tool, with an emphasis on applications to human disease.