cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sn-doped and nonstoichiometric vertical-Bridgman-grown crystals of the topological insulator Bi2Te2Se
Creators: name: Kushwaha, S. K.
name: Gibson, Q. D.
name: Xiong, J.
name: Pletikosic, I.
name: Weber, A. P.
name: Fedorov, A. V.
name: Ong, N. P.
name: Valla, T.
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of the properties of topological insulator Bi2Te2Se (BTS) crystals grown by the vertical Bridgeman method is described. Two defect mechanisms that create acceptor impurities to compensate for the native n-type carriers are compared: Bi excess, and light Sn doping. Both methods yield low carrier concentrations and an n-p crossover over the length of the grown crystal boules, but lower carrier concentrations and higher resistivities are obtained for the Sn-doped crystals, which reach carrier concentrations as low as 8 x 1014 cm-3. Further, the temperature dependent resistivities for the Sn-doped crystals display strongly activated behavior at high temperatures, with a characteristic energy of half the bulk band gap. The (001) cleaved Sn-doped BTS crystals display high quality Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) quantum oscillations due to the topological surface state electrons. Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) characterization shows that the Fermi energy (EF) for the Sn-doped crystals falls cleanly in the surface states with no interference from the bulk bands, that the Dirac point for the surface states lies approximately 60 meV below the top of the bulk valence band maximum, and allows for a determination of the bulk and surface state carrier concentrations as a function of Energy near EF. Electronic structure calculations that compare Bi excess and Sn dopants in BTS demonstrate that Sn acts as a special impurity, with a localized impurity band that acts as a charge buffer occurring inside the bulk band gap. We propose that the special resonant level character of Sn in BTS gives rise to the exceptionally low carrier concentrations and activated resistivities observed.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Apprenticing in a market town, by Hugh Hanley; Bletchley Park's secret sisters, by John A Taylor; Transfoming English rural society: The Verneys and the Claydons 1600-1820, by John Broad; The household book 1510-1551 of Sir Edward Don: An Anglo-Welsh knight and his circle, edited by Ralph A Griffiths; The Czech connection: The Czechoslovak government in exile in London and Buckinghamshire, by Neil Rees; Disraeli: A personal history, by Christopher Hibbert
Creators: name: Legg, Edward
name: Clarke, John
name: Houlbrooke, Ralph
name: Beckett, Ian
name: Clarke, John
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 46, 189-196
Assessing the Quality of MT Systems for Hindi to English Translation
Creators: name: Kalyani, Aditi
name: Kumud, Hemant
name: Singh, Shashi Pal
name: Kumar, Ajai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Evaluation plays a vital role in checking the quality of MT output. It is done either manually or automatically. Manual evaluation is very time consuming and subjective, hence use of automatic metrics is done most of the times. This paper evaluates the translation quality of different MT Engines for Hindi-English (Hindi data is provided as input and English is obtained as output) using various automatic metrics like BLEU, METEOR etc. Further the comparison automatic evaluation results with Human ranking have also been given.
Buckinghamshire County Museum; Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies; County Archaeological Service; Milton Keynes Archaeology Service
Creators: name: Gray, Sarah
name: Bettridge, Roger
name: Kidd, Alexander
name: Giggins, Brian L
name: Crank, Nick A
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 48, 311-319
Chesham Bois Manor, home to the Cheyne family for 350 years: Historical and archaeological investigation
Creators: name: Edwards, Yvonne
name: Paton, Anne
name: Wells, Marion
name: Gover, John
name: Birbeck, Vaughan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 50, 53-62
Accelerated phase-mixing in the stellar halo due to a rotating bar
Creators: name: Davies, Elliot Y.
name: Dillamore, Adam M.
name: Vasiliev, Eugene
name: Belokurov, Vasily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a galaxy merger, the stars tidally stripped from the satellite and accreted onto the host galaxy undergo phase mixing and form finely-grained structures in the phase space. However, these fragile structures may be destroyed in the subsequent galaxy evolution, in particular, by a rotating bar that appears well after the merger is completed. In this work, we investigate the survivability of phase-space structures in the presence of a bar. We find that a bar with amplitude and pattern speed similar to those of the Milky Way would blur and destroy a substantial amount of the substructure that consists of particles with pericentre radii comparable to the bar length. While this appears to be in tension with the recent discovery of phase-space chevrons in \textit{Gaia} DR3 data, the most prominent chevrons in our simulations can still be recovered when applying the same analysis procedure as in observations. Moreover, the smoothing effect is less pronounced in the population of stars whose angular momenta have the opposite sign to the bar pattern speed.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Denham: A lost borough, or one that never was?; Buckinghamshire field-names 4: Shot, Cockshot and Weald; Sir Robert Dormer's tomb in Wing Church; Not drowning but waving...; An early Saxon brooch from Buckland; An eighteenth-century Aylesbury poet: Alexander Merrick 1689-1759
Creators: name: Bailey, Keith A
name: Butler, Lawrence A S
name: Lamb, George
name: Tyrrell, Ros
name: Hanley, Hugh
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 46, 173-186
Smart Diabetic Socks: Embedded device for diabetic foot prevention
Creators: name: Perrier, Antoine
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Luboz, Vincent
name: Bucki, Marek
name: Cannard, Francis
name: Diot, Bruno
name: Colin, Denis
name: Rin, Delphine
name: Bourg, Jean-Philippe
name: Payan, Yohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1) Objectives Most foot ulcers are the consequence of a trauma (repetitive high stress, ill-fitting footwear, or an object inside the shoe) associated to diabetes. They are often followed by amputation and shorten life expectancy. This paper describes the prototype of the Smart Diabetic Socks that has been developed in the context of the French ANR TecSan project. The objective is to prevent pressure foot ulcers for diabetic persons. 2) Material and methods A fully wireless, customizable and washable "smart sock" has been designed. It is made of a textile which fibers are knitted in a way they provide measurements of the pressure exerted under and all around the foot in real-life conditions. This device is coupled with a subject-specific Finite Element foot model that simulates the internal strains within the soft tissues of the foot. 3) Results A number of derived stress indicators can be computed based on that analysis, such as the accumulated stress dose, high internal strains or peak pressures near bony prominences during gait. In case of risks for pressure ulcer, an alert is sent to the person and/or to the clinician. A watch, a smart-phone or a distant laptop can be used for providing such alert.
SYNPLAY: IMPORTING REAL-WORLD DIVERSITY FOR A SYNTHETIC HUMAN DATASET
Creators: name: Yim, Jinsub
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer engineering
subject: Computer Vision
subject: Data Diversity
subject: Human Dataset
subject: Realism
subject: Synthetic Datasets

description: In response to the growing demand for large-scale training data, synthetic datasets have emerged as practical solutions. However, existing synthetic datasets often fall short of replicating the richness and diversity of real-world data. Synthetic Playground (SynPlay) is introduced as a new synthetic human dataset that aims to bring out the diversity of human appearance in the real world. In this thesis, We focus on two factors to achieve a level of diversity that has not yet been seen in previous works: i) realistic human motions and poses and ii) multiple camera viewpoints towards human instances. We first use a game engine and its library-provided elementary motions to create games where virtual players can take less-constrained and natural movements while following the game rules (i.e., rule-guided motion design as opposed to detail-guided design). We then augment the elementary motions with real human motions captured with a motion capture device. To render various human appearances in the games from multiple viewpoints, we use seven virtual cameras encompassing the ground and aerial views, capturing abundant aerial-vs-ground and dynamic-vs-static attributes of the scene. Through extensive and carefully-designed experiments, we show that using SynPlay in model training leads to enhanced accuracy over existing synthetic datasets for human detection and segmentation. Moreover, the benefit of SynPlay becomes even greater for tasks in the data-scarce regime, such as few-shot and cross-domain learning tasks. These results clearly demonstrate that SynPlay can be used as an essential dataset with rich attributes of complex human appearances and poses suitable for model pretraining.
Overview of searches for dark matter at the LHC
Creators: name: Mitsou, Vasiliki A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter remains one of the most puzzling mysteries in Fundamental Physics of our times. Experiments at high-energy physics colliders are expected to shed light to its nature and determine its properties. This review talk focuses on recent searches for dark-matter signatures at the Large Hadron Collider, either within specific theoretical scenarios, such as supersymmetry, or in a model-independent scheme looking for mono-X events arising in WIMP-pair production.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures; Invited plenary talk in 14th Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields (MWPF 2013), 25-29 Nov 2013, Oaxaca, Mexico; to appear in Journal of Physics Conference Series. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1310.1072
Lowndes Park earthwork mound: Windmill or burial mound? - an archaeological investigation
Creators: name: Edwards, Yvonne
name: Wells, Marion
name: Gover, John
name: Thwaites, Birgitta
name: Hender, Jill
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 53, 163-179
NOTES: A lost White Horse on Pitstone Hill?; Two medieval seals; An early nineteenth-century ice house in Hedgerley Park; Two geological sites in the north Buckinghamshire area
Creators: name: Davis, Jean
name: Lamb, George
name: Rice, Michael
name: Oates, M
name: Rowland, K
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 32, 151-157
Knowledge Enhancement for Contrastive Multi-Behavior Recommendation
Creators: name: Xuan, Hongrui
name: Liu, Yi
name: Li, Bohan
name: Yin, Hongzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A well-designed recommender system can accurately capture the attributes of users and items, reflecting the unique preferences of individuals. Traditional recommendation techniques usually focus on modeling the singular type of behaviors between users and items. However, in many practical recommendation scenarios (e.g., social media, e-commerce), there exist multi-typed interactive behaviors in user-item relationships, such as click, tag-as-favorite, and purchase in online shopping platforms. Thus, how to make full use of multi-behavior information for recommendation is of great importance to the existing system, which presents challenges in two aspects that need to be explored: (1) Utilizing users' personalized preferences to capture multi-behavioral dependencies; (2) Dealing with the insufficient recommendation caused by sparse supervision signal for target behavior. In this work, we propose a Knowledge Enhancement Multi-Behavior Contrastive Learning Recommendation (KMCLR) framework, including two Contrastive Learning tasks and three functional modules to tackle the above challenges, respectively. In particular, we design the multi-behavior learning module to extract users' personalized behavior information for user-embedding enhancement, and utilize knowledge graph in the knowledge enhancement module to derive more robust knowledge-aware representations for items. In addition, in the optimization stage, we model the coarse-grained commonalities and the fine-grained differences between multi-behavior of users to further improve the recommendation effect. Extensive experiments and ablation tests on the three real-world datasets indicate our KMCLR outperforms various state-of-the-art recommendation methods and verify the effectiveness of our method.
Gas-to-Dust mass ratios in local galaxies over a 2 dex metallicity range
Creators: name: Rémy-Ruyer, A.
name: Madden, S. C.
name: Galliano, F.
name: Galametz, M.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
name: Asano, R. S.
name: Zhukovska, S.
name: Lebouteiller, V.
name: Cormier, D.
name: Jones, A.
name: Bocchio, M.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bendo, G. J.
name: Boquien, M.
name: Boselli, A.
name: DeLooze, I.
name: Doublier-Pritchard, V.
name: Hughes, T.
name: Karczewski, O. Ł.
name: Spinoglio, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyses the behaviour of the gas-to-dust mass ratio (G/D) of local Universe galaxies over a large metallicity range. We combine three samples: the Dwarf Galaxy Survey, the KINGFISH survey and a subsample from Galametz et al. (2011) totalling 126 galaxies, covering a 2 dex metallicity range, with 30% of the sample with 12+log(O/H) < 8.0. The dust masses are homogeneously determined with a semi-empirical dust model, including submm constraints. The atomic and molecular gas masses are compiled from the literature. Two XCO are used to estimate molecular gas masses: the Galactic XCO, and a XCO depending on the metallicity (as Z^{-2}). Correlations with morphological types, stellar masses, star formation rates and specific star formation rates are discussed. The trend between G/D and metallicity is empirically modelled using power-laws (slope of -1 and free) and a broken power-law. We compare the evolution of the G/D with predictions from chemical evolution models. We find that out of the five tested galactic parameters, metallicity is the galactic property driving the observed G/D. The G/D versus metallicity relation cannot be represented by a power-law with a slope of -1 over the whole metallicity range. The observed trend is steeper for metallicities lower than ~ 8.0. A large scatter is observed in the G/D for a given metallicity, with a dispersion of 0.37 dex in metallicity bins of ~0.1 dex. The broken power-law reproduces best the observed G/D and provides estimates of the G/D that are accurate to a factor of 1.6. The good agreement of the G/D and its scatter with the three tested chemical evolution models shows that the scatter is intrinsic to galactic properties, reflecting the different star formation histories, dust destruction efficiencies, dust grain size distributions and chemical compositions across the sample. (abriged)
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Transductive Rademacher Complexity and its Applications
Creators: name: El-Yaniv, Ran
name: Pechyony, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a technique for deriving data-dependent error bounds for transductive learning algorithms based on transductive Rademacher complexity. Our technique is based on a novel general error bound for transduction in terms of transductive Rademacher complexity, together with a novel bounding technique for Rademacher averages for particular algorithms, in terms of their "unlabeled-labeled" representation. This technique is relevant to many advanced graph-based transductive algorithms and we demonstrate its effectiveness by deriving error bounds to three well known algorithms. Finally, we present a new PAC-Bayesian bound for mixtures of transductive algorithms based on our Rademacher bounds.
NOTES: Tomb recess discovered in Burnham Church; Chalk rock fossils from Latimer; Polished axe from Cop round barrow, Bledlow
Creators: name: Rouse, E
name: Lea, F
name: Evens, E D
name: Wallis, F S
name: Head, J Merrick
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 13 (6), 432-441
Two dimensional semiconductors with possible high room temperature mobility
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenxu
name: Huang, Zhishuo
name: Zhang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculated the longitudinal acoustic phonon limited electron mobility of 14 two dimensional semiconductors with composition of MX$_2$, where M (= Mo, W, Sn, Hf, Zr and Pt) is the transition metal, and X is S, Se and Te. We treated the scattering matrix by deformation potential approximation. We found that out of the 14 compounds, MoTe$_2$, HfSe$_2$ and HfTe$_2$, are promising regarding to the possible high mobility and finite band gap. The phonon limited mobility can be above 2500 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ at room temperature.
Measurement of the differential $γ+2~b$-jet cross section and the ratio $σ$($γ+2~b$-jets)/$σ$($γ+b$-jet) in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurements of the differential cross section $dσ/dp_{T}^γ$ for the production of an isolated photon in association with at least two $b$-quark jets. The measurements consider photons with rapidities $|y^γ| < 1.0$ and transverse momenta $30 < p_{T}^γ < 200$~\GeV. The $b$-quark jets are required to have $p_T^{jet}>15$ GeV and $| y^{jet}| < 1.5$. The ratio of differential production cross sections for $γ+2~b$-jets to $γ+b$-jet as a function of $p_{T}^γ$ is also presented. The results are based on the proton-antiproton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$1.96~\TeV collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The measured cross sections and their ratios are compared to the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations as well as predictions based on the $k_{T}$-factorization approach and those from the SHERPA and PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generators.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Digital atom interferometer with single particle control on a discretized spacetime geometry
Creators: name: Steffen, Andreas
name: Alberti, Andrea
name: Alt, Wolfgang
name: Belmechri, Noomen
name: Hild, Sebastian
name: Karski, Michał
name: Widera, Artur
name: Meschede, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering quantum particle systems, such as quantum simulators and quantum cellular automata, relies on full coherent control of quantum paths at the single particle level. Here we present an atom interferometer operating with single trapped atoms, where single particle wave packets are controlled through spin-dependent potentials. The interferometer is constructed from a sequence of discrete operations based on a set of elementary building blocks, which permit composing arbitrary interferometer geometries in a digital manner. We use this modularity to devise a spacetime analogue of the well-known spin echo technique, yielding insight into decoherence mechanisms. We also demonstrate mesoscopic delocalization of single atoms with a "separation-to-localization" ratio exceeding 500; this suggests their utilization beyond quantum logic applications as nano-resolution quantum probes in precision measurements, being able to measure potential gradients with precision $5\times 10^{-4}$ in units of gravitational acceleration $g$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published in 2012 in PNAS journal
Reviews: Curious Buckinghamshire; The Grenville landscape of Wotton House; From Bronze Age enclosure to Anglo-Saxon settlement: Archaeological excavations at Taplow hillfort; Deserted villages revisited; Aylesbury: a history; The English parsonage in the early 19th century
Creators: name: Wilson, Nigel
name: Fox, Sue
name: Farley, Michael
name: Marsden, Peter
name: Tinker, Mark
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 51, 241-246
REVIEWS: The Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Dinton, by A Hunn, J Lawson and M Fenley; Exploring England's heritage: Oxfordshire to Buckinghamshire, by Catherine Murray; The changing landscape of Milton Keynes, by R Croft and Dennis Mynard; Gazetteer of Buckinghamshire brickyards, by Andrew Pike; The buildings of England: Buckinghamshire, by Nicholas Pevsner and Elizabeth Williamson
Creators: name: Hinton, David A
name: Chenevix Trench, John
name: Reed, Michael
name: Fenley, Pauline
name: Woodfield, Paul
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 36, 182-188
Asynchronous Forward Bounding for Distributed COPs
Creators: name: Gershman, Amir
name: Meisels, Amnon
name: Zivan, Roie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new search algorithm for solving distributed constraint optimization problems (DisCOPs) is presented. Agents assign variables sequentially and compute bounds on partial assignments asynchronously. The asynchronous bounds computation is based on the propagation of partial assignments. The asynchronous forward-bounding algorithm (AFB) is a distributed optimization search algorithm that keeps one consistent partial assignment at all times. The algorithm is described in detail and its correctness proven. Experimental evaluation shows that AFB outperforms synchronous branch and bound by many orders of magnitude, and produces a phase transition as the tightness of the problem increases. This is an analogous effect to the phase transition that has been observed when local consistency maintenance is applied to MaxCSPs. The AFB algorithm is further enhanced by the addition of a backjumping mechanism, resulting in the AFB-BJ algorithm. Distributed backjumping is based on accumulated information on bounds of all values and on processing concurrently a queue of candidate goals for the next move back. The AFB-BJ algorithm is compared experimentally to other DisCOP algorithms (ADOPT, DPOP, OptAPO) and is shown to be a very efficient algorithm for DisCOPs.
Phenomenological analysis of simple ion channel block in large populations of uncoupled cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Simitev, Radostin D.
name: Dawoud, Antesar Al
name: Aziz, Muhamad H. N.
name: Myles, Rachel
name: Smith, Godfrey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Current understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and design of anti-arrhythmic drug therapies hinges on the assumption that myocytes from the same region of a single heart have similar, if not identical, action potential waveforms and drug responses. On the contrary, recent experiments reveal significant heterogeneity in uncoupled healthy myocytes both from different hearts as well as from identical regions within a single heart. In this work, a methodology is developed for quantifying the individual electrophysiological properties of large numbers of uncoupled cardiomyocytes under ion channel block in terms of the parameters values of a conceptual fast-slow model of electrical excitability. The approach is applied to a population of nearly 500 rabbit ventricular myocytes for which action potential duration (APD) before and after the application of the drug nifedipine was experimentally measured (Lachaud et al., 2022, Cardiovasc. Res.). To this end, drug action is represented by a multiplicative factor to an effective ion conductance, a closed form asymptotic expression for APD is derived and inverted to determine model parameters as functions of APD and dAPD (drug-induced change in APD) for each myocyte. Two free protocol-related quantities are calibrated to experiment using an adaptive-domain procedure based on an original assumption of optimal excitability. The explicit APD expression and the resulting set of model parameter values allow (a) direct evaluation of conditions necessary to maintain fixed APD or dAPD, (b) predictions of the proportion of cells remaining excitable after drug application, (c) predictions of stimulus period dependency and (d) predictions of dose-response curves, the latter being in agreement with additional experimental data.
description: Accepted for publication in Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA (ISSN (Online):1477-8602) on 2023-01-15
Understanding Sustainability Practices and Challenges in Making and Prototyping
Creators: name: Dhaygude, Mrunal Sanjay
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information science
subject: Personal Fabrication
subject: Sustainability

description: Democratization of prototyping technologies like 3D printers and laser cutters has led to more rapid prototyping practices for the reasons of research, product development and individual interests. While prototyping is becoming a much easier and faster process, there are many sustainability implications neglected. To investigate the current sustainability landscape within the realm of making, we conducted a comprehensive semi-structured interview study involving 15 participants, encompassing researchers, makerspace managers, entrepreneurs, and casual makers. In this paper, we present the findings from this study, shedding light on the challenges, knowledge gaps, motivations, and opportunities that influence sustainable making practices. We discuss potential future paradigms of HCI research to help resolve sustainability challenges in the maker community.
Ivinghoe Beacon Excavations 1963-1965
Creators: name: Cotton, M
name: Frere, S
name: Britton, D
name: Waugh, Helen
name: Dimbleby, G
name: Westley, Betty
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 18 (3), 187-260
description: Ivinghe Beacon: Excavations, Bronzes, Pottery, Pottery from Pitstone Hill, Interim environmental report, Bones
NOTES: 'Love and Kisses' in the fourteenth century; Datchet: Some afterthoughts; A late Bronze Age sickle from Great Kimble; In the house of Richard Toms; New evidence for Anglo-Saxon activity at Newport Pagnell;
Creators: name: Lamb, George
name: Baines, Arnold H J
name: Farley, Michael
name: Chenevix Trench, John
name: Beamish, H
name: Parkhouse, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 33, 140-147
Stability of the In-Plane Room Temperature van der Waals Ferromagnet Chromium Ditelluride and Its Conversion to Chromium-Interleaved CrTe$_2$ Compounds
Creators: name: Purbawati, Anike
name: Sarkar, Suman
name: Pairis, Sébastien
name: Kostka, Marek
name: Hadj-Azzem, Abdellali
name: Dufeu, Didier
name: Singh, Priyank
name: Bourgault, Daniel
name: Nuñez-Regueiro, Manuel
name: Vogel, Jan
name: Renard, Julien
name: Marty, Laëtitia
name: Fabre, Florentin
name: Finco, Aurore
name: Jacques, Vincent
name: Ren, Lei
name: Tiwari, Vivekanand
name: Robert, Cedric
name: Marie, Xavier
name: Bendiab, Nedjma
name: Rougemaille, Nicolas
name: Coraux, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals magnetic materials are building blocks for novel kinds of spintronic devices and playgrounds for exploring collective magnetic phenomena down to the two-dimensional limit. Chromium-tellurium compounds are relevant in this perspective. In particular, the 1$T$ phase of CrTe$_2$ has been argued to have a Curie temperature above 300~K, a rare and desirable property in the class of lamellar materials, making it a candidate for practical applications. However, recent literature reveals a strong variability in the reported properties, including magnetic ones. Using electron microscopy, diffraction and spectroscopy techniques, together with local and macroscopic magnetometry approaches, our work sheds new light on the structural, chemical and magnetic properties of bulk 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ exfoliated in the form of flakes having a thickness ranging from few to several tens of nanometers. We unambiguously establish that 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ flakes are ferromagnetic above room temperature, have an in-plane easy axis of magnetization, low coercivity, and we confirm that their Raman spectroscopy signatures are two modes, $E_{2\text{g}}$ (103.5~cm$^{-1}$) and $A_{1\text{g}}$ (136.5~cm$^{-1}$). We also prove that thermal annealing causes a phase transformation to monoclinic Cr$_5$Te$_8$ and, to a lesser extent, to trigonal Cr$_5$Te$_8$. In sharp contrast with 1$T$-CrTe$_2$, none of these compounds have a Curie temperature above room temperature, and they both have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our findings reconcile the apparently conflicting reports in the literature and open opportunities for phase-engineered magnetic properties.
Notes: The 'missing' cartulary of Missenden Abbey; Impoliteness at Stowe; Puzzling milestones at Stone; A Swing riot petition
Creators: name: Hohler, Christopher
name: Sewell, Eric
name: Marshall, Gary
name: Gulland, Peter
name: Bettridge, Roger
name: Dell, Alan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 48, 275-285
Towards an effective action for relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Kovtun, Pavel
name: Moore, Guy D.
name: Romatschke, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective action for first order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics that can be used to evaluate n-point symmetrized correlation functions, taking into account thermal fluctuations of the hydrodynamic variables.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Eigenvalue-invariant transformation of Ising problem for anti-crossing mitigation in quantum annealing
Creators: name: Fujii, Toru
name: Komuro, Koshi
name: Okudaira, Yosuke
name: Sawada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have proposed the energy landscape transformation of Ising problems (ELTIP), which changes the combination of the state and eigenvalue without changing all the original eigenvalues [arXiv:2202.05927]. We study how the ELTIP affects the anti-crossing between two levels of the ground and first excited states during quantum annealing. We use a 5-spin maximum-weighted independent set for the problem to numerically investigate the anticrossing. For comparison, we introduce a non-stoquastic Hamiltonian that adds antiferromagnetic interaction to the normal transverse magnetic field. Annealing with the non-stoquastic Hamiltonian is effective for difficult problems. The non-stoquastic Hamiltonian mitigates the anti-crossing when only the energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state of the final state is small. When the ELTIP is used, the anti-crossing disappears. For the problems investigated in this paper, the ELTIP shortens the annealing time to guarantee adiabatic change more than the non-stoquastic Hamiltonian.
REVIEWS
Creators: name: Farley, Michael
name: Clarke, John
name: Hanley, Hugh
name: Legg, Edward
name: Mead, William
name: Thorpe, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 42, 161-167
description: Turning the plough: Midlands Open Fields - landscape character and proposals for management, by David Hall; The Royal Latin School, Buckingham, by Paul Poornan; Fingest: Stony ground, by John Holborow; Twelve generations: Gleanings from the Coales family archives, by John Coales; Village, hamlet and field: Changing medieval settlements in central England, by Carenza Lewis, Patrick Mitchell-Fox and Christopher Dyer; The world's banker: The history of the House of Rothschild, by Niall Ferguson
Protoplanetary dust porosity and FU Orionis Outbursts: Solving the mystery of Earth's missing volatiles
Creators: name: Hubbard, Alexander
name: Ebel, Denton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Earth is known to be depleted in volatile lithophile elements in a fashion that defies easy explanation. We resolve this anomaly with a model that combines the porosity of collisionally grown dust grains in protoplanetary disks with heating from FU Orionis events that dramatically raise protoplanetary disk temperatures. The heating from an FU Orionis event alters the aerodynamical properties of the dust while evaporating the volatiles. This causes the dust to settle, abandoning those volatiles. The success of this model in explaining the elemental composition of the Earth is a strong argument in favor of highly porous collisionally grown dust grains in protoplanetary disks outside our Solar System. Further, it demonstrates how thermal (or condensation based) alterations of dust porosity, and hence aerodynamics, can be a strong factor in planet formation, leading to the onset of rapid gravitational instabilities in the dust disk and the subsequent collapse that forms planetesimals.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted, Icarus
Imitating Human Behaviour with Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Pearce, Tim
name: Rashid, Tabish
name: Kanervisto, Anssi
name: Bignell, Dave
name: Sun, Mingfei
name: Georgescu, Raluca
name: Macua, Sergio Valcarcel
name: Tan, Shan Zheng
name: Momennejad, Ida
name: Hofmann, Katja
name: Devlin, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative models in the text-to-image domain. This paper studies their application as observation-to-action models for imitating human behaviour in sequential environments. Human behaviour is stochastic and multimodal, with structured correlations between action dimensions. Meanwhile, standard modelling choices in behaviour cloning are limited in their expressiveness and may introduce bias into the cloned policy. We begin by pointing out the limitations of these choices. We then propose that diffusion models are an excellent fit for imitating human behaviour, since they learn an expressive distribution over the joint action space. We introduce several innovations to make diffusion models suitable for sequential environments; designing suitable architectures, investigating the role of guidance, and developing reliable sampling strategies. Experimentally, diffusion models closely match human demonstrations in a simulated robotic control task and a modern 3D gaming environment.
description: Published in ICLR 2023
Atom-Light Interactions in Photonic Crystals
Creators: name: Goban, A.
name: Hung, C. -L.
name: Yu, S. -P.
name: Hood, J. D.
name: Muniz, J. A.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Martin, M. J.
name: McClung, A. C.
name: Choi, K. S.
name: Chang, D. E.
name: Painter, O.
name: Kimble, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integration of nanophotonics and atomic physics has been a long-sought goal that would open new frontiers for optical physics. Here, we report the development of the first integrated optical circuit with a photonic crystal capable of both localizing and interfacing atoms with guided photons in the device. By aligning the optical bands of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) with selected atomic transitions, our platform provides new opportunities for novel quantum transport and many-body phenomena by way of photon-mediated atomic interactions along the PCW. From reflection spectra measured with average atom number N = 1.1$\pm$0.4, we infer that atoms are localized within the PCW by Casimir-Polder and optical dipole forces. The fraction of single-atom radiative decay into the PCW is $Γ_{\rm 1D}/Γ'$ = 0.32$\pm$0.08, where $Γ_{1D}$ is the rate of emission into the guided mode and $Γ'$ is the decay rate into all other channels. $Γ_{\rm 1D}/Γ'$ is quoted without enhancement due to an external cavity and is unprecedented in all current atom-photon interfaces.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Towards Adversarial Realism and Robust Learning for IoT Intrusion Detection and Classification
Creators: name: Vitorino, João
name: Praça, Isabel
name: Maia, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things (IoT) faces tremendous security challenges. Machine learning models can be used to tackle the growing number of cyber-attack variations targeting IoT systems, but the increasing threat posed by adversarial attacks restates the need for reliable defense strategies. This work describes the types of constraints required for a realistic adversarial cyber-attack example and proposes a methodology for a trustworthy adversarial robustness analysis with a realistic adversarial evasion attack vector. The proposed methodology was used to evaluate three supervised algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and one unsupervised algorithm, Isolation Forest (IFOR). Constrained adversarial examples were generated with the Adaptative Perturbation Pattern Method (A2PM), and evasion attacks were performed against models created with regular and adversarial training. Even though RF was the least affected in binary classification, XGB consistently achieved the highest accuracy in multi-class classification. The obtained results evidence the inherent susceptibility of tree-based algorithms and ensembles to adversarial evasion attacks and demonstrates the benefits of adversarial training and a security by design approach for a more robust IoT network intrusion detection and cyber-attack classification.
description: 19 pages, 5 tables, 7 figures, Annals of Telecommunications journal
REVIEWS: A review of some of Buckinghamshire's Millennium histories, by various authors; The archaeology of Greater London, Museum of London Archaeology Service; Datchet past, by Janet Kennish; Thomas Hickman's Charity, Aylesbury 1698-1998, by Hugh Hanley; Buckinghamshire in the 1760s and 1820s: the county maps of Jefferys and Bryant; The story of the Metropolitan and Great Central Line, by Clive Foxell; Sir Albert Richardson 1880-1964, by Alan Powers, Simon Houfe and John Wilton-Ely
Creators: name: Hunt, Julian
name: Kidd, Alexander
name: Hanley, Hugh
name: Kain, Roger
name: Gulland, Peter
name: Toplis, Ian
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 41, 242-251
Computational Logic Foundations of KGP Agents
Creators: name: Kakas, Antonis
name: Mancarella, Paolo
name: Sadri, Fariba
name: Stathis, Kostas
name: Toni, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the computational logic foundations of a model of agency called the KGP (Knowledge, Goals and Plan model. This model allows the specification of heterogeneous agents that can interact with each other, and can exhibit both proactive and reactive behaviour allowing them to function in dynamic environments by adjusting their goals and plans when changes happen in such environments. KGP provides a highly modular agent architecture that integrates a collection of reasoning and physical capabilities, synthesised within transitions that update the agents state in response to reasoning, sensing and acting. Transitions are orchestrated by cycle theories that specify the order in which transitions are executed while taking into account the dynamic context and agent preferences, as well as selection operators for providing inputs to transitions.
Universal metastability of the low-spin state in Co$^{2+}$ systems: non-Mott type pressure-induced spin-state transition in CoCl$_{2}$
Creators: name: Kim, Bongjae
name: Kim, Kyoo
name: Min, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the pressure-induced spin-state transition in Co$^{2+}$ systems in terms of a competition between the Hund's exchange energy ($J$) and the crystal-field splitting ($Δ_{CF}$). First, we show the universal metastability of the low-spin state in octahedrally coordinated Co$^{2+}$ systems. Then we present the strategy to search for a Co$^{2+}$ system, for which the mechanism of spin-state and metal-insulator transitions is governed not by the Mott physics but by $J$ vs. $Δ_{CF}$ physics. Using CoCl$_{2}$ as a prototypical Co$^{2+}$ system, we have demonstrated the pressure-induced spin-state transition from high-spin to low-spin, which is accompanied with insulator-to-metal and antiferromagnetic to half-metallic ferromagnetic transitions. Combined with metastable character of Co$^{2+}$ and the high compressibility nature of CoCl$_{2}$, the transition pressure as low as 27 GPa can be identified on the basis of $J$ vs. $Δ_{CF}$ physics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
On the Qualitative Comparison of Decisions Having Positive and Negative Features
Creators: name: Dubois, Didier
name: Fargier, Hélène
name: Bonnefon, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Making a decision is often a matter of listing and comparing positive and negative arguments. In such cases, the evaluation scale for decisions should be considered bipolar, that is, negative and positive values should be explicitly distinguished. That is what is done, for example, in Cumulative Prospect Theory. However, contraryto the latter framework that presupposes genuine numerical assessments, human agents often decide on the basis of an ordinal ranking of the pros and the cons, and by focusing on the most salient arguments. In other terms, the decision process is qualitative as well as bipolar. In this article, based on a bipolar extension of possibility theory, we define and axiomatically characterize several decision rules tailored for the joint handling of positive and negative arguments in an ordinal setting. The simplest rules can be viewed as extensions of the maximin and maximax criteria to the bipolar case, and consequently suffer from poor decisive power. More decisive rules that refine the former are also proposed. These refinements agree both with principles of efficiency and with the spirit of order-of-magnitude reasoning, that prevails in qualitative decision theory. The most refined decision rule uses leximin rankings of the pros and the cons, and the ideas of counting arguments of equal strength and cancelling pros by cons. It is shown to come down to a special case of Cumulative Prospect Theory, and to subsume the Take the Best heuristic studied by cognitive psychologists.
NOTES: How large was the Iron Age 'hillfort' at Desborough Castle, West Wycombe?; Evidence for Anglo-Saxon routeways and the Icknield Way in Buckinghamshire; A medieval seal from Creslow; New light on Quarrendon; Mystery American digs on Ivinghoe Beacon; Strolling players at Aylesbury in 1881; World War I practice trenches at Halton; The Chenevix-Trench bequest
Creators: name: Farley, Michael
name: Bailey, Keith A
name: Lamb, George
name: Charlton, Sarah
name: Marshall, Gary
name: Bailey, Keith A
name: Wise, Julia
name: Farley, Michael
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Records of Buckinghamshire, 49, 235-254