cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fixation dynamics on multilayer networks
Creators: name: Liu, Ruodan
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60J20, 91D30, 92D15, 92D25

description: Network structure has a large impact on constant-selection evolutionary dynamics, with which multiple types of fitness (i.e., strength) compete on the network. Here we study constant-selection dynamics on two-layer networks in which the fitness of a node in one layer affects that in the other layer, under birth-death processes and uniform initialization, which are commonly assumed. We show mathematically and numerically that two-layer networks are suppressors of selection, which means that they suppress the effects of the different fitness values among the different types on the final outcomes of the evolutionary dynamics (called fixation probability) relative to the constituent one-layer networks. In fact, many two-layer networks are suppressors of selection relative to the most basic baseline, the Moran process. This result is in stark contrast with the results for conventional one-layer networks for which most networks are amplifiers of selection.
description: 9 figures
Duality and Stacking of Bosonic and Fermionic SPT Phases
Creators: name: Turzillo, Alex
name: You, Minyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of duality and stacking of bosonic and fermionic symmetry-protected topological phases in one spatial dimension. In general the classifications of bosonic and fermionic phases have different group structures under the operation of stacking, but we argue that they are often isomorphic and give an explicit isomorphism when it exists. This occurs for all unitary symmetry groups and many groups with antiunitary symmetries, which we characterize. We find that this isomorphism is typically not implemented by the Jordan-Wigner transformation, nor is it a consequence of any other duality transformation that falls within the framework of topological holography. Along the way to this conclusion, we recover the fermionic stacking rule in terms of G-pin partition functions, give a gauge-invariant characterization of the twisted group cohomology invariant, and state a procedure for stacking gapped phases in the formalism of symmetry topological field theory.
One-step Diffusion with Distribution Matching Distillation
Creators: name: Yin, Tianwei
name: Gharbi, Michaël
name: Zhang, Richard
name: Shechtman, Eli
name: Durand, Fredo
name: Freeman, William T.
name: Park, Taesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffusion models generate high-quality images but require dozens of forward passes. We introduce Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD), a procedure to transform a diffusion model into a one-step image generator with minimal impact on image quality. We enforce the one-step image generator match the diffusion model at distribution level, by minimizing an approximate KL divergence whose gradient can be expressed as the difference between 2 score functions, one of the target distribution and the other of the synthetic distribution being produced by our one-step generator. The score functions are parameterized as two diffusion models trained separately on each distribution. Combined with a simple regression loss matching the large-scale structure of the multi-step diffusion outputs, our method outperforms all published few-step diffusion approaches, reaching 2.62 FID on ImageNet 64x64 and 11.49 FID on zero-shot COCO-30k, comparable to Stable Diffusion but orders of magnitude faster. Utilizing FP16 inference, our model generates images at 20 FPS on modern hardware.
description: CVPR 2024, Project page: https://tianweiy.github.io/dmd/
A unifying mechanism to explain the rate dependent rheological behavior in non-Brownian suspensions: One curve to unify them all
Creators: name: More, Rishabh V.
name: Ardekani, Arezoo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a unifying mechanism based on the Stribeck curve for the coefficient of friction between the particles to capture the shear thinning - Newtonian plateau - shear thickening - shear thinning rheological behavior at low - intermediate - beyond critical - high shear rates, respectively, for a typical dense non-Brownian suspension. We establish the accuracy of the proposed model by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. The presence of non-DLVO (Derjaguin and Landau, Verwey and Overbeek) forces and a coefficient of friction reducing with asperity deformation explain the existence of the Newtonian plateau at the intermediate shear rates and the second shear thinning regime at high shear rates, respectively.
Articulation entre élaboration de solutions et argumentation polyphonique
Creators: name: Baker, Michael
name: Détienne, Françoise
name: Lundt, Kristine
name: Séjourné, Arnauld
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an analytical framework that aims to bring out the nature of participants' contributions to co-design meetings, in a way that synthesises content and function dimensions, together with the dimension of dialogicality. We term the resulting global vision of contribution, the "interactive profile".
Effect of long term amygdala kindling on defensive behaviour in rats : a model of the interictal emotionality associated with temporal lobe epilepsy
Creators: name: Kalynchuk, Lisa Emily
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Temporal lobe epileptics often experience interictal (i.e., between-seizure) emotional disturbances such as fear and anxiety. Despite the problem that these disturbances present, little progress has been made in characterizing their nature and etiology because they are not amenable to experimental analysis in clinical populations. Accordingly, the general purpose of the experiments in this thesis was to demonstrate the potential of long-term amygdala kindling in rats as a model of the interictal hyperemotionality of temporal lobe epileptics. Seven experiments comprise this thesis. Experiments 1 and 2 established that longterm amygdala kindling (i.e., 100 stimulations) results in large and reliable increases in emotionality. In Experiment 1, the long-term amygdala-kindled rats displayed more resistance to capture from an open field and more open-arm activity on an elevated plus maze than did the sham-stimulated rats; in Experiment 2, the magnitude of this hyperemotionality was shown to be dependent on the number of amygdala stimulations that the rats received. Experiment 3 showed that kindling-induced hyperemotionality is enduring; the hyperemotionality present 1 day after the final stimulation did not decline significantly over the ensuing month although some amelioration of symptoms was observed. Experiment 4 established that kindling-induced hyperemotionality is not unique to amygdala stimulation. Although increases in emotionality were greatest in amygdalakindled rats, hippocampal-kindled, but not caudate-kindled, rats also displayed significant increases. Experiments 5 and 6 showed that kindling-induced hyperemotionality is fundamentally defensive in nature. In Experiment 5, amygdala-kindled rats displayed high levels of emotionality in an unfamiliar, but not in a familiar, situation; in Experiment 6, amygdala-kindled rats displayed more defensive, but less aggressive behaviour, in their interactions with other rats. Finally, Experiment 7 showed that 8-OH-DPAT binding to serotonin 5HT1A receptors is increased in the dentate gyrus of amygdala-kindled rats, but not in the amygdala, periaqueductal grey, perirhinal cortex, or CA1 or CA3 hippocampal subfields. Together, the results of these experiments establish the potential of long-term amygdala kindling as a useful animal model of interictal emotionality in temporal lobe epileptics.
Asymmetric Duffing oscillator: the birth and build-up of period doubling
Creators: name: Kyzioł, Jan
name: Okniński, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34C05, 34C25

description: In this work, we investigate the period doubling phenomenon in the periodically forced asymmetric Duffing oscillator. We use the known steady-state asymptotic solution -- the amplitude-frequency implicit function -- and known criterion for the existence of period doubling. Working in the framework of differential properties of implicit functions we derive analytical formulas for the birth of period-doubled solutions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Asteroseismology of the visual binary 70 Ophiuchi
Creators: name: Carrier, F.
name: Eggenberger, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Convection in stars excites resonant acoustic waves. The frequencies of these oscillations depend on the sound speed inside the star, which in turn depends on density, temperature, gas motion, and other properties of the stellar interior. Therefore, analysis of the oscillations provides an unrivaled method to probe the internal structure of a star. Solar-like oscillations in the primary of the visual binary 70 Ophiuchi are investigated. 70 Ophiuchi A was observed with the Harps spectrograph mounted on the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory (Chile) during 6 nights in July 2004 allowing us to collect 1758 radial velocity measurements with a standard deviation of about 1.39 m s-1. The power spectrum of the high precision velocity time series clearly presents several identifiable peaks between 3 and 6 mHz showing regularity with a large spacing of Delta_nu = 161.7 +- 0.3 uHz. Fourteen individual modes were identified with amplitudes in the range 11 to 14 cm s-1.
description: 5 pages, A&A in press
Supplementary material from: Alpine extremophytes in evolutionary turmoil: Complex diversification patterns and demographic responses of a Halophilic grass in a Central Asian biodiversity hotspot
Creators: name: Wróbel, Anna
name: Klichowska, Ewelina
name: Nowak, Arkadiusz
name: Nobis, Marcin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: alpine biome
subject: Climate change
subject: halophilic extremophytes
subject: Pamir Mountains
subject: Puccinellia pamirica
subject: molecular biogeography
subject: Pamir Plateau
subject: montane plateau wetlands
subject: DArTseq
subject: MaxEnt
subject: Linear Mixed Effects Model
subject: Central Asia
subject: Mountains of Central Asia biodiversity hotspot
subject: Single nucleotide polymorphisms
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Population
subject: Population dynamics
subject: Population genetics
subject: Plants
subject: Grasses
subject: distribution
subject: Plant resistance to abiotic stress

description: Diversification and demographic responses are key processes shaping species evolutionary history. Yet we still lack a full understanding of ecological mechanisms that shape genetic diversity at different spatial scales upon rapid environmental changes. In this study, we examined genetic differentiation in an extremophilic grass Puccinellia pamirica and factors affecting its population dynamics among the occupied hypersaline alpine wetlands on the arid Pamir Plateau in Central Asia. Using genomic data, we found evidence of fine-scale population structure and gene flow among the localities established across the high-elevation plateau as well as fingerprints of historical demographic expansion. We showed that an increase in the effective population size could coincide with the Last Glacial Period, which was followed by the species demographic decline during the Holocene. Geographic distance plays a vital role in shaping the spatial genetic structure of P. pamirica alongside with isolation-by-environment and habitat fragmentation. Our results highlight a complex history of divergence and gene flow in this species-poor alpine region during the Late Quaternary. We demonstrate that regional climate specificity and a shortage of nonclimate data largely impede predictions of future range changes of the alpine extremophile using ecological niche modeling. This study emphasizes the importance of fine-scale environmental heterogeneity for population dynamics and species distribution shifts.
description: Funding provided by: Ministry of Science and Higher EducationCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/05dwvd537Award Number: 0207/DIA/2018/47
Funding provided by: National Science CenterCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/03ha2q922Award Number: 2018/29/B/NZ9/00313
Walls, bubbles and doom -- the cosmology of HEFT
Creators: name: Alonso, Rodrigo
name: Criado, Juan Carlos
name: Houtz, Rachel
name: West, Mia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As experiment charts new territory at the electroweak scale, the enterprise to characterise all possible theories becomes all the more necessary. In the absence of new particles, this ambitious enterprise is attainable and has led to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) as the most general characterising framework, containing the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) as a subspace. The characterisation of this theory space led to the dichotomy SMEFT vs. HEFT\SMEFT as the two possible realisations of symmetry breaking. The criterion to distinguish these two possibilities is non-local in field space, and phenomena which explore field space beyond the neighbourhood of the vacuum manifold are in a singular position to tell them apart. Cosmology allows for such phenomena, and this work focuses on HEFT\SMEFT, the less explored of the two options, to find that first order phase transitions with detectable gravitational wave remnants, domain wall formation and vacuum decay in the far, far distant future can take place and single out HEFT\SMEFT. Results in cosmology are put against LHC constraints, and the potential of future ground- and space-based experiments to cover parameter space is discussed.
description: 56 pages, 27 figures. Updated to journal version and a minor correction to caption of figure 26
The Institutional Economics of Granting a River Legal Standing
Creators: name: Talbot-Jones, Julia
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Bargaining game
economics
environmental economics
experiment
IAD framework
institutions
institutional change
interdisciplinary
legal rights for nature
New Zealand
property rights
resource management
resource self-determination
Te Awa Tupua
Whanganui River

description: The governance of water is of increasing concern to policy analysts. Several property rights systems, which allow for ownership of water by the individual, community, or state have been advocated, but no approach has been uniformly successful in resolving water quality or scarcity issues. In some cases, identifying alternative property rights arrangements for governing water systems could be useful. This research examines how a river system can be granted legal standing and the institutional economic effects of doing so. It is the first academic treatment of this subject. Focusing on the case of the Whanganui River, New Zealand, a careful critique of the new property rights arrangement - termed resource self-determination - is given. Using Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, game theory, and economic experiments, the economic and socio-ecological outcomes observed under state ownership are compared with the outcomes expected under resource self-determination. To understand how and why the new property rights approach was identified for the Whanganui River, a critical analysis of the institutional variables central to the identification of resource self-determination is also undertaken using a new dynamic version of the IAD framework developed as part of this research. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of resource self-determination is likely to result in an increase in transaction costs and a redistribution of water within the system, but that the new framework could successfully deliver on the objectives of the new legislation. For policy makers interested in replicating the approach for other river systems, words of caution, as well as recommendations, are offered.
Pole-skipping and chaos in D3-D7 brane systems
Creators: name: Baishya, Banashree
name: Chakrabarti, Sayan
name: Maity, Debaprasad
name: Nayek, Kuntal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyse the pole-skipping phenomena of finite temperature Yang-Mills theory with quark flavors which is dual to D3-D7 brane systems in bulk. We also consider the external electric field in the boundary field theory which is dual to the world volume electric field on the D7 brane. We will work in the probe limit where the D7 branes do not back-react to the D3 brane background. In this scenario, we decode the characteristic parameters of the chaos namely, Lyapunov exponent $λ_{L}$ and butterfly velocity $v_b$ from the pole-skipping points by performing the near effective horizon analysis of the linearised Einstein equations. Unlike pure Yang-Mills, once charged quarks with a background electric field are added into the system, the characteristic parameters of the chaos show non-trivial dependence on the quark mass and external electric field. We have observed that $λ_{L}$ and $v_b$ decreases with increasing electric field. We further perform the pole-skipping analysis for the gauge invariant sound, shear, and tensor modes of the perturbation in the bulk and discuss their physical importance in the holographic context.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional t-J model: pseudospin representation
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Daisuke
name: Kurihara, Susumu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a pseudospin representation of the two-dimensional t-J model. We introduce pseudospins associated with empty sites, deriving a new representation of the t-J model that consists of local spins and spinless fermions. We show, within a mean-field approximation, that our representation of t-J model corresponds to the {\it isotropic} antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in an effective magnetic field. The strength and the direction of the effective field are determined by the hole doping $δ$ and the orientation of pseudospins associated with empty sites, respectively. We find that the staggered magnetization in the standard representation corresponds to the component of magnetization perpendicular to the effective field in our pseudospin representation. Using a many-body Green's function method, we show that the staggered magnetization decreases with increasing hole doping $δ$ and disappears at ${δ\approx 0.06-0.15}$ for $t/J=2-5$. Our results are in good agreement with experiments and numerical calculations in contradistinction to usual mean-field methods.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The role of the magnocellular visual pathway in object recognition
Creators: name: Bognár, Anna
name: Csibri, Péter
name: Gergő Csete
name: Kincses, Zsigmond Tamás
name: Sáry, Gyula
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Visual categorization plays an important role in the fast and efficient processing of information surrounding us, still the neuronal basis of fast categorization has not been established. Two main hypotheses are known, both agree that the primary impressions are based on information acquired through the Magnocellular Pathway (MP). It is unclear whether this information is due to the MP running parallel to the ventral pathway or to the top-down mechanisms executed through the connections of the dorsal pathway and the frontal cortex. A categorization task was performed by 39 subjects, who decided about the size of objects based on their first impression. Stimuli used for the MP and Parvocellular Pathways (PP) were discriminated by their spatial frequency content. transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) were used to assess the role of frontal areas. Stimulation did not bias the accuracy of decision for stimuli optimized for the PP. In case of stimuli optimized for the MP, cathodal stimulation decreased the subjects’ performance, whereas the anodal stimulation increased their performance. Our results support the hypothesis that top-down mechanisms, which promote fast predictions through coarse information carried to the Orbito-Frontal Cortex (OFC) by the MP, are crucial in fast categorization processes.
Experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency of CCD developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope Xtend aboard the XRISM satellite
Creators: name: Kanemaru, Yoshiaki
name: Sato, Jin
name: Takaki, Toshiyuki
name: Terada, Yuta
name: Mori, Koji
name: Saito, Mariko
name: Nobukawa, Kumiko K.
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Hayashida, Kiyoshi
name: Matsumoto, Hironori
name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Hanaoka, Maho
name: Yoneyama, Tomokage
name: Okazaki, Koki
name: Asakura, Kazunori
name: Sakuma, Shotaro
name: Hattori, Kengo
name: Ishikura, Ayami
name: Amano, Yuki
name: Okon, Hiromichi
name: Tsuru, Takeshi G.
name: Tomida, Hiroshi
name: Kashimura, Hikari
name: Nakajima, Hiroshi
name: Kohmura, Takayoshi
name: Hagino, Kouichi
name: Murakami, Hiroshi
name: Kobayashi, Shogo B.
name: Nishioka, Yusuke
name: Yamauchi, Makoto
name: Hatsukade, Isamu
name: Sako, Takashi
name: Nobukawa, Masayoshi
name: Urabe, Yukino
name: Hiraga, Junko S.
name: Uchiyama, Hideki
name: Yamaoka, Kazutaka
name: Ozaki, Masanobu
name: Dotani, Tadayasu
name: Tsunemi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) of charge-coupled device (CCD) developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope, Xtend, aboard the XRISM satellite. The CCD is equipped with a charge injection (CI) capability, in which sacrificial charge is periodically injected to fill the charge traps. By evaluating the re-emission of the trapped charge observed behind the CI rows, we find that there are at least three trap populations with different time constants. The traps with the shortest time constant, which is equivalent to a transfer time of approximately one pixel, are mainly responsible for the trailing charge of an X-ray event seen in the following pixel. A comparison of the trailing charge in two clocking modes reveals that the CTI depends not only on the transfer time but also on the area, namely the imaging or storage area. We construct a new CTI model with taking into account with both transfer-time and area dependence. This model reproduces the data obtained in both clocking modes consistently. We also examine apparent flux dependence of the CTI observed without the CI technique. The higher incident X-ray flux is, the lower the CTI value becomes. It is due to a sacrificial charge effect by another X-ray photon. This effect is found to be negligible when the CI technique is used.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in NIMA, proceedings of the 12th International "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detector (HSTD12)
title: Some alternative approaches to persistent environmental problems and the measurement of inequality
Creators: name: Turk, Zachary
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: Throughout this thesis, I assume consumption is an unstoppable economic force that limits policy intervention even when the level of consumption is destructive to the environment. A result is that traditional policy interventions – caps, trading schemes, and many taxes and subsidies directly on polluting outcomes are too costly to implement in terms of political, social, or measured economic costs. However, I also assume that a limited regulator still seeks to reduce the environmental fallout. I then study some policy options that fit within the consumer’s limited expectations of regulatory reach. Deciding to use limited policy interventions is not intended to replace other efforts. I explore part of what could be a joint effort and emphasise perhaps short-term, stopgap responses to opposition. This is proposed because not all environmental problems can wait for justice or the environmental Kuznets curve to turn in their favour. Once we are free from trying to devise ways to implement first-best environmental policies, various alternatives emerge. First, I explore environmental regulation when some pollutant is necessary. Necessity restricts policy to determining where it must occur, and the analysis becomes one of whether clustering or dispersion of an activity leads to less total damages. A revision to current regulatory approaches results. I then discuss improving recycling, a necessity to transition to a circular economy model. I find there is an optimal division of effort between producers and recyclers and propose an incentive structure to improve product design for recyclability. I then review how U.S. coal power plants use technology to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions. The objective is to derive lessons for the next great energy transition. Finally, I include a foray into economic growth, inequality, and their measurement in two chapters on the premise that there is a link between the fate of the environment and ours.
Decomposing Thermodynamic Dissipation of Linear Langevin Systems via Oscillatory Modes and Its Application to Neural Dynamics
Creators: name: Sekizawa, Daiki
name: Ito, Sosuke
name: Oizumi, Masafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in stochastic thermodynamics have elucidated various relations between the entropy production rate (thermodynamic dissipation) and the physical limits of information processing in nonequilibrium dynamical systems. These findings have opened new perspectives in analyzing real biological systems. In neuroscience, the importance of quantifying entropy production has attracted attention for understanding information processing in the brain. However, the relationship between the entropy production rate and oscillations, which are common in many biological systems, remains unclear. For instance, neural oscillations like delta, theta, and alpha waves play crucial roles in brain information processing. Here, we derive a novel decomposition of the entropy production rate of linear Langevin systems. We show that one component of the entropy production rate, called the housekeeping entropy production rate, can be decomposed into independent positive contributions from oscillatory modes. Our decomposition enables us to calculate the contribution of oscillatory modes to the housekeeping entropy production rate. In addition, when the noise matrix is diagonal, the contribution of each oscillatory mode can be further decomposed into the contribution of each system element. To demonstrate the utility of our decomposition, we applied it to an electrocorticography (ECoG) dataset recorded during awake and anesthetized conditions in monkeys, where the oscillatory properties change drastically. We showed consistent trends across different monkeys: the contribution of delta band was larger in the anesthetized condition than in the awake condition, while those from higher frequency bands, such as the theta band, were smaller. These results allow us to interpret the changes in neural oscillation in terms of stochastic thermodynamics and the physical limits of information processing.
Language outcomes at 4 years of linguistically diverse children born very preterm: an Australian retrospective single-centre study
Creators: name: Mendoza, G Tinoco
name: Stack, J
name: Mohamed, Abdel-Latif
name: Raman, S
name: Garg, P
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3213
subject: Paediatrics

description: Abstract:- Background: Very preterm children are at increased risk of language delays. Concerns have been raised about the utility of standardised English language tools to diagnose language delay in linguistically diverse children. Our study investigated the incidence of language delay at 4 years in linguistically diverse very preterm children. Methods: Very preterm children born in South Western Sydney, Australia, between 2012 and 2016, were assessed with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 (CELF-P2) tool at 4 years of age. We sought to determine the incidence of language delay in this cohort using language scores from the CELF-P2 assessment tool, and explore potential predictors associated with language delay. Results: One hundred and sixty very preterm children attended the 4-year assessment out of the included 270 long-term survivors. At 4 years, 76 (52%) very preterm children had language delay diagnosed using the CELF-P2 assessment tool. Children who preferred a language other than English had lower average core language scores on the CELF-P2 assessment tool (75.1±14.4) compared with children that preferred English (86.5±17.9); p=0.002. Very preterm children growing up in households that preferenced a language other than English and those who were born from multiple births had higher odds of language delay at 4 years (AOR 10.30 (95% CI 2.82 to 38.28); p<0.001 and AOR 2.93 (95% CI 1.20 to 7.14); p=0.018, respectively). Assessing these children using an English language tool may have affected language scores at 4 years. Conclusions: In this metropolitan setting, very preterm children from linguistically diverse backgrounds were found to be vulnerable to language delays at 4 years. Further large-scale studies evaluating the language outcomes of linguistically diverse preterm children with more culturally appropriate tools are warranted. We question the utility of standardised English language tools to assess language outcomes of linguistically diverse populations.
Synchronization in Network Structures: Entangled Topology as Optimal Architecture for Network Design
Creators: name: Donetti, Luca
name: Hurtado, Pablo I.
name: Munoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In these notes we study synchronizability of dynamical processes defined on complex networks as well as its interplay with network topology. Building from a recent work by Barahona and Pecora [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 054101 (2002)], we use a simulated annealing algorithm to construct optimally-synchronizable networks. The resulting structures, known as entangled networks, are characterized by an extremely homogeneous and interwoven topology: degree, distance, and betweenness distributions are all very narrow, with short average distances, large loops, and small modularity. Entangled networks exhibit an excellent (almost optimal) performance with respect to other flow or connectivity properties such as robustness, random walk minimal first-passage times, and good searchability. All this converts entangled networks in a powerful concept with optimal properties in many respects.
description: 8 pages, 3 figs., to appear in Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Towards Quantum Computational Mechanics
Creators: name: Liu, Burigede
name: Ortiz, Michael
name: Cirak, Fehmi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The advent of quantum computers, operating on entirely different physical principles and abstractions from those of classical digital computers, sets forth a new computing paradigm that can potentially result in game-changing efficiencies and computational performance. Specifically, the ability to simultaneously evolve the state of an entire quantum system leads to quantum parallelism and interference. Despite these prospects, opportunities to bring quantum computing to bear on problems of computational mechanics remain largely unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate how quantum computing can indeed be used to solve representative volume element (RVE) problems in computational homogenisation with polylogarithmic complexity of $\mathcal{O}((\log N)^c)$, compared to $\mathcal{O}(N^c)$ in classical computing. Thus, our quantum RVE solver attains exponential acceleration with respect to classical solvers, bringing concurrent multiscale computing closer to practicality. The proposed quantum RVE solver combines conventional algorithms such as a fixed-point iteration for a homogeneous reference material and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). However, the quantum computing reformulation of these algorithms requires a fundamental paradigm shift and a complete rethinking and overhaul of the classical implementation. We employ or develop several techniques, including the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT), quantum encoding of polynomials, classical piecewise Chebyshev approximation of functions and an auxiliary algorithm for implementing the fixed-point iteration and show that, indeed, an efficient implementation of RVE solvers on quantum computers is possible. We additionally provide theoretical proofs and numerical evidence confirming the anticipated $\mathcal{O} \left ((\log N)^c \right)$ complexity of the proposed solver.
Papers published in 1972-1985 submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Science
Creators: name: Tweedie, R. B
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Markov processes
subject: Stochastic processes

description: The research summarised here and presented for the degree of Doctor of Science falls into two broad areas. Many of the papers presented are devoted to an understanding of the structure of stochastic processes, and in particular to the structure of Markov chains and processes. A further group of papers is devoted to the use of stochastic processes in a variety of applications, ranging from the relatively theoretical (such as application of Markov processes in queueing models) to the very practical (such as the description of cattle movements or Polynesian populations using Markov chain models).
description: [v.1]. Parts A & B -- [v.2]. Parts C, D & E
Domain walls and strings formation in the early Universe
Creators: name: Kirillov, Alexander A.
name: Murygin, Boris S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solitons formation through classical dynamics of two scalar fields with the potential having a saddle point and one minimum in (2+1)-space-time is discussed. We show that under certain conditions in the early Universe both domain walls and strings can be formed even if scalar fields are inflaton ones.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 23rd Bled Workshop "What Comes Beyond Standard Models", 2020, Bled, Slovenia
Stateful Large Language Model Serving with Pensieve
Creators: name: Yu, Lingfan
name: Lin, Jinkun
name: Li, Jinyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) are wildly popular today and it is important to serve them efficiently. Existing LLM serving systems are stateless across requests. Consequently, when LLMs are used in the common setting of multi-turn conversations, a growing log of the conversation history must be processed alongside any request by the serving system at each turn, resulting in repeated processing.
 In this paper, we design $Pensieve$, a system optimized for multi-turn conversation LLM serving. $Pensieve$ maintains the conversation state across requests by caching previously processed history to avoid duplicate processing. $Pensieve$'s multi-tier caching strategy can utilize both GPU and CPU memory to efficiently store and retrieve cached data. $Pensieve$ also generalizes the recent PagedAttention kernel to support attention between multiple input tokens with a GPU cache spread over non-contiguous memory. Our evaluation shows that $Pensieve$ can achieve $1.14$-$3.0\times$ the throughput of vLLM and TensorRT-LLM and significantly reduce latency.
Hyperforests on the Complete Hypergraph by Grassmann Integral Representation
Creators: name: Bedini, Andrea
name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Sportiello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the generating function of rooted and unrooted hyperforests in a general complete hypergraph with n vertices by using a novel Grassmann representation of their generating functions. We show that this new approach encodes the known results about the exponential generating functions for the different number of vertices. We consider also some applications as counting hyperforests in the k-uniform complete hypergraph and the one complete in hyperedges of all dimensions. Some general feature of the asymptotic regimes for large number of connected components is discussed.
description: 35 pages
Three essays on monetary policy analysis in Mongolia
Creators: name: Luvsannyam, Davaajargal
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: HG1280.8.L88 2012
subject: Monetary policy Mongolia
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory
subject: Mongolia Economic policy

description: This thesis presents three papers on monetary policy analysis for Mongolia. The first paper measures the lagged effect of the monetary transmission mechanism on inflation and output in Mongolia using a sign-restricted structural vector autoregression (SVAR). We find the following results. First, the lag of the monetary transmission mechanism is about 4 to 12 months for Mongolia. Second, monetary policy shocks play a modest role in explaining output and inflation fluctuations. Third, in response to a monetary policy shock, the exchange rate immediately overshoots its long-run equilibrium rate, a finding consistent with Dornbusch's (1976) famous exchange rate overshooting hypothesis. Fourth, the historical decomposition analysis suggests that besides monetary policy shocks, output fluctuations are largely driven by aggregate supply shocks while inflation is largely driven by oil price and money demand (LM) shocks. The second paper develops an empirical model for inflation in Mongolia using both Bayesian and classical approaches. In particular, we first estimate long-run markup and money demand relationships using cointegration procedures, and then construct a single-equation error correction model of inflation with possible nonlinearity. The main findings of the paper are summarized as follows. First, the main determinant of inflation is the markup, capturing the impact from unit labor costs, petroleum prices, import prices and the exchange rate. Second, money matters for inflation: excess narrow{u00AD} money supply seems to determine inflation in the long-run if the model uncertainty and nonlinearity are considered, but adjustment to disequilibria is slow. Third, sustained increases in wages together with petroleum price shocks explain the high and volatile inflation in recent years. We also find two inflationary regimes that are characterized by a degree of inflation persistence. The third paper estimates the reaction function of the Bank of Mongolia using a Bayesian approach. It addresses this issue by estimating the New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of a small open economy. The main findings of the paper are as follows. First, the monetary policy reaction function is forward looking in terms of the inflation rate. Second, the central bank of Mongolia has implemented a strong anti-inflationary and exchange rate stabilization policy. Third, there is evidence that the Bank of Mongolia does not respond to output.
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius Type L
Figs 2, 15A–F
Type L – Dreyer et al. 2023a: figs 3, 5a, c, tables s1–s2.
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 8 LSN, 3 of which molted to cyprids; 2018–2019 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body narrowly ovate, almost lanceolate in dorso-ventral view; about 1.8 times as long as wide; lateral margins without marked discontinuity in body outline between cephalic shield and trunk. In lateral view, trunk axis downturned 20° with respect to cephalic axis. Length 270–290 µm (of short form, see below) (without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width ca 150 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness ca 100 µm. Labrum produced as nearly equilateral sub-triangular elevation; divided into facets by cuticular ridges; pore pattern not examined in detail but three pores present in midline. Caudal end attenuate, terminating in ca 50–60 µm long, basally annulate but essentially smooth dorso-caudal spine, this being bent slightly upwards (5°) with respect to trunk axis and accompanied ventrally by pair of small, pointed furcal spines ca 6–7 µm long.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Body overall with strong brown pigmentation. Telson portion of gut-like tube with orange yolk granules. Telson longer than wide and more than half as long as thorax.
Identification and variation
Recognizable by the combination of its general shape, small furcal spines and strong brown pigmentation. Four specimens are ca 270 µm long, but four others are 360–380 µm long with more robust dorso-caudal spines than the smaller ones, suggesting that this morphospecies may consist of two separate species.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
Thermodynamic properties of the finite-temperature electron gas by the fermionic path integral Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Filinov, Vladimir
name: Levashov, Pavel
name: Larkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new {\em ab initio} quantum path integral Monte Carlo approach has been developed and applied for the entropy difference calculations for the strongly coupled degenerated uniform electron gas (UEG), a well--known model of simple metals. Calculations have been carried out at finite temperature in canonical ensemble over the wide density and temperature ranges. Obtained data may be crucial for density functional theory. Improvements of the developed approach include the Coulomb and exchange interaction of fermions in the basic Monte Carlo cell and its periodic images and the proper change of variables in the path integral measure. The developed approach shows good agreement with available results for fermions even at temperature four times less than the Fermi energy and practically doesn't suffer from the "fermionic sign problem", which takes place in standard path integral Monte Carlo simulations of degenerate fermionic systems. Presented results include pair distribution functions, isochors and isotherms of pressure, internal energy and entropy change in strongly coupled and degenerate UEG in a wide range of density and temperature.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
A note on spin two fields in curved backgrounds
Creators: name: Deser, S.
name: Henneaux, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the consistency constraints on a free massless symmetric, rank 2, tensor field in a background and confirm that they uniquely require it to be the linear deviation about (cosmological) Einstein gravity. Neither adding non-minimal higher derivative terms nor changing the gauge transformations by allowing terms non-analytic in the cosmological constant alters this fact.
description: 5 pages - Minor misprints corrected - Version accepted by Class. Quant. Grav
Renormalization by gravity and the Kerr spinning particle
Creators: name: Burinskii, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the Kerr spinning particle, we show that the mass renormalization is perfectly performed by gravity for an arbitrary distribution of source matter. A smooth regularization of the Kerr-Newman solution is considered, leading to a source in the form of a rotating bag filled by a false vacuum. It is shown that gravity controls the phase transition to an AdS or dS false vacuum state inside the bag, providing the mass balance.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Turbulence in thick fluid layers
Creators: name: Byrne, David John
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: TA357.5.T87 B97 2011
subject: Turbulence
subject: Fluid dynamics

description: This thesis presents the experimental study of turbulence in fluid layers of finite depths i.e. away from the ideal quasi-2D approximation. The development and implementation of a two colour Particle Image Velocimetry/Particle Tracking hybrid is presented along with a defocused PIV diagnostic for measuring full 3D components of the velocity field. A parametric study in electromagnetically driven flows in a single and double layer configuration is presented. It is shown that as the layer depth increases there is an onset of 3D motion within the layer. Surprisingly, despite there being a substantial 3D component in the flow, the inverse energy cascade is still present. In low Reynolds number flows, a direct 3D energy cascade cannot be supported and as a result, the transition to a more 3D flow only has the effect of increasing dissipation in the system compared to that associated with quasi two-dimensional flows. The study of the vertical structure of the velocities reveals that, due to the boundary conditions of the free surface and bottom boundary, there are regions of the layer that remain 2D and that 3D motions are most prominent in the mid-layer. This leads to a difference in dissipation throughout the layer and thus the largest scale that the inverse cascade can sustain changes in the different regions of the flow. If the damping is low enough for the condensation of energy to begin, the large structure formed near the surface, may begin to affect the underlying 3D motions.