cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The MASSIVE Survey -- XVII. A Triaxial Orbit-based Determination of the Black Hole Mass and Intrinsic Shape of Elliptical Galaxy NGC 2693
Creators: name: Pilawa, Jacob D.
name: Liepold, Christopher M.
name: Andrade, Silvana C. Delgado
name: Walsh, Jonelle L.
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Quenneville, Matthew E.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Blakeslee, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stellar dynamical mass measurement of a newly detected supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of the fast-rotating, massive elliptical galaxy NGC 2693 as part of the MASSIVE survey. We combine high signal-to-noise integral field spectroscopy (IFS) from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) with wide-field data from the Mitchell Spectrograph at McDonald Observatory to extract and model stellar kinematics of NGC 2693 from the central $\sim 150$ pc out to $\sim2.5$ effective radii. Observations from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 are used to determine the stellar light distribution. We perform fully triaxial Schwarzschild orbit modeling using the latest TriOS code and a Bayesian search in 6-D galaxy model parameter space to determine NGC 2693's SMBH mass ($M_\text{BH}$), stellar mass-to-light ratio, dark matter content, and intrinsic shape. We find $M_\text{BH} = \left(1.7\pm 0.4\right)\times 10^{9}\ M_\odot$ and a triaxial intrinsic shape with axis ratios $p=b/a=0.902 \pm 0.009$ and $q=c/a=0.721^{+0.011}_{-0.010}$, triaxiality parameter $T = 0.39 \pm 0.04$. In comparison, the best-fit orbit model in the axisymmetric limit and (cylindrical) Jeans anisotropic model of NGC 2693 prefer $M_\text{BH} = \left(2.4\pm 0.6\right)\times 10^{9}\ M_\odot$ and $M_\text{BH} = \left(2.9\pm 0.3\right)\times 10^{9}\ M_\odot$, respectively. Neither model can account for the non-axisymmetric stellar velocity features present in the IFS data.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted to ApJ 2022/02/24
Notiziario IODP-Italia - 2009
Creators: name: IODP-ITALIA Commissione IODP-Italia-Commissione Per Il Coordinamento Della Partecipazione Italiana All'International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Volume 2 Numero IIDicembre 2009Pubblicazione semestrale a cura della RedazioneIODP-ItaliaNotiziario IODP-ItaliaElisabetta ErbaPaola TartarottiBianca De Bernardi
Mass of $1^{-+}$ four-quark--hybrid mixed states
Creators: name: Li, Shuang-Hong
name: Chen, Ze-Sheng
name: Jin, Hong-Ying
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the masses of $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ light exotic mesons by QCD sum rules; the masses are extracted from four-quark--hybrid mixing correlation functions. We construct several $1^{-+}$ four-quark currents and hybrid currents, and get two masses around $1.2\text{-}1.4\text{GeV}$ and $1.45\text{-}1.67\text{GeV}$; they can be identified as $π_1(1400)$ and $π_1(1600)$.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
TIJORAT BANKLARIDA IPOTEKA KREDITI SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YO'LLARI
Creators: name: Maxmudov, Jasurbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Tijorat banklarining moliyaviy faoliyatida ipoteka kreditlari alohida o‘rin tutadi. Ular aholining uy-joy sharoitlarini yaxshilash bilan birga, qurilish sanoatini rivojlantirish, ichki bozorni jonlantirish va umumiy iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlashda muhim moliyaviy mexanizm bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Ipoteka kreditlash bozori barqaror va uzoq muddatli daromad manbai bo‘lishi bilan tijorat banklari uchun jozibador yo‘nalish hisoblanadi. Biroq, amaliyotda ushbu kreditlarning samaradorligini pasaytiruvchi omillar mavjud bo‘lib, ularni tahlil qilish va ularning oldini olish choralarini ishlab chiqish dolzarb masalalardan biridir.
Exploring Features in the Binary Black Hole Population
Creators: name: Tiwari, Vaibhav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vamana is a mixture model framework that infers the astrophysical distribution of chirp mass, mass ratio, and spin component aligned with the orbital angular momentum for the binary black hole population. We extend the mixing components in this framework to also model the redshift evolution of merger rate and report all the major one and two-dimensional features in the Binary Black Hole population using the 69 gravitational wave signals detected with a false alarm rate $<1\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ in the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC)-3. Endorsing our previous report and a corroborating recent report from LIGO Scientific, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations, we observe the chirp mass distribution has multiple peaks and a lack of mergers with chirp masses $10 \textrm{--} 12M_\odot$. In addition, we observe aligned spins show mass dependence with heavier binaries exhibiting larger spins, mass ratio shows a dependence on the chirp mass but not on the aligned spin, and the redshift evolution of the merger rate for the peaks in the mass distribution is disparate. These features possibly reflect the astrophysics associated with the binary black hole formation channels. However, additional observations are needed to improve our limited confidence in them.
A Pfaffian formulation for matrix elements of three-body operators in multiple quasi-particle configurations
Creators: name: Chen, Zi-Rui
name: Wang, Long-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Pfaffian formula to calculate matrix elements of three-body operators in symmetry-restoration beyond-mean-field methods, including the case of multiple quasi-particle configurations. Detailed derivation based on [Mizusaki et al., Phys. Lett. B 715, 219 (2012)] and [Hu et al., Phys. Lett. B 734, 162 (2014)] is provided, and potential applications in generator coordinate method with chiral interactions, as well as in study of nuclear matrix elements in neutrinoless double beta decay are discussed.
Handedness Correlation from Quark Polarization
Creators: name: Yang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet handedness as a measure of quark and/or gluon polarizations has been proposed for nearly 30 years. It was demonstrated by measuring the correlation of jet handedness in the electron positron annihilation process. Once parameters are determined, the method could be used to measure quark and/or gluon polarizations in other experiments. The reported data provided evidence for the jet handedness and handedness correlation. However, the jet handedness correlation measured in the electron positron annihilation process from the opposite jets contradicts theoretical prediction by a sign. In order to explain this, we present a chromo-hydrogen-like model in this paper. According to calculations, both jet handedness and handedness correlation depend on not only the polarization of the fragmenting valence quark but also the polarization of the sea quark. It is the appearance of the sea quark polarization that can solve the contradiction. In other words, measurements of jet handedness and handedness correlation can be used to determine the sea quark polarization.
The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi by nested-PCR in elderly patients: relationship to the clinical and epidemiological profile
Creators: name: Pereira, Mariane Barroso
name: Batista, Angélica Martins
name: Aguiar, Camila
name: Glaucia Elisete Barbosa Marcon
name: Luiz Cláudio Martins
name: Guariento, Maria Elena
name: Costa, Sandra Cecília Botelho
name: Almeida, Eros Antonio De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted primarily by triatomine bugs, although the incidence of new cases has decreased as a result of vector control. In Brazil, most of those affected have the chronic form of the disease and are generally elderly individuals who require appropriate clinical follow-up. In this work, we undertook a descriptive study in which 85 patients were interviewed and blood samples were collected for molecular analyses based on the amplification of parasite satellite DNA. The cardiac form of the disease was the most prevalent among the patients and hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity; polypharmacy was detected in 34% of the cases. Serological tests were positive in 95% of cases while 36% were positive in nested-polymerase chain reaction. These findings indicate an increased use of medications and a larger number of age-related diseases in elderly patients with Chagas disease, even in patients with low parasitemia. We conclude that elderly patients with Chagas disease require special attention and that further studies should be done with elderly individuals who carry this disease.
Nano-engineering the evolution of skyrmion crystal in synthetic antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Ma, Mangyuan
name: Huang, Ke
name: Li, Yong
name: Li, Sihua
name: Feng, Qiyuan
name: Ang, Calvin Ching Ian
name: Jin, Tianli
name: Lu, Yalin
name: Lu, Qingyou
name: Lew, Wen Siang
name: Ma, Fusheng
name: Wang, X. Renshaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of skyrmion crystal encapsulates skyrmion critical behaviors, such as nucleation, deformation and annihilation. Here, we achieve a tunable evolution of artificial skyrmion crystal in nanostructured synthetic antiferromagnet multilayers, which are comprised of perpendicular magnetic multilayers and nanopatterned arrays of magnetic nanodots. The out-of-plane magnetization hysteresis loops and first-order reversal curves show that the nucleation and annihilation of the artificial skyrmion can be controlled by tuning the diameter of and spacing between the nanodots. Moreover, when the bottom layer thickness increases, the annihilation of skyrmion shifts from evolving into a ferromagnetic spin texture to evolving into an antiferromagnetic spin texture. Most significantly, non-volatile multiple states are realized at zero magnetic field via controlling the proportion of the annihilated skyrmions in the skyrmion crystal. Our results demonstrate the tunability and flexibility of the artificial skyrmion platform, providing a promising route to achieve skyrmion-based multistate devices, such as neuromorphic spintronic devices.
Fire Weather Compromises Large-scale Afforestation Scenarios
Creators: name: Jäger, Felix
name: Schwaab, Jonas
name: Quilcaille, Yann
name: Windisch, Michael
name: Doelman, Jonathan C.
name: Frank, Stefan
name: Gusti, Mykola
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Humpenöder, Florian
name: Lessa Derci Augustynczik, Andrey
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Narayan, Kanishka, B.
name: Padrón Flasher, Ryan
name: Popp, Alexander
name: Van Vuuren, Detlef
name: Wögerer, Michael
name: Seneviratne, Sonia I.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change mitigation
Climate change impacts
Environmental economics

description: Forestation can contribute to climate change mitigation. However, the globally increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes will lead to more profound and frequent forest disturbances affecting the mitigation potential of forestation efforts. Here, we critically assess the forestation scenarios of five different Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) by quantifying the spatially explicit exposure of forestation scenarios to fire weather and a detailed  overview of the modeled forest - climate change feedbacks. Few IAMs are currently accounting for such feedbacks. Consequently many forestation areas proposed by IAM scenarios will be exposed to fire-promoting weather conditions. We conclude that the actual climate mitigation potential of forestation in IAM scenarios is subject to substantial uncertainty and that the risk of overly optimistic estimates of negative emission potential of forestation should be avoided. As a way forward we exemplify how to integrate more detailed climate information when modeling forestation scenarios.
Cybotactic nematic phases of photoisomerisable hockey-stick liquid crystals
Creators: name: Alaasar, Mohamed
name: Poppe, Silvio
name: Tschierske, Carsten
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: New five-ring hockey-stick liquid crystalline materials with 4-bromoresorcinol as the central core unit and an azobenzene-based side arm were synthesised and their mesophase behaviour was investigated by polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and under a triangular wave electric field. Additional structural modification was done by introducing a lateral fluorine atom in the terminal ring of one of the side arms. It is found that regardless of the alkyl chain length or the lateral fluorine substitution, all of the prepared materials are liquid crystalline exhibiting nematic phases composed of cybotactic clusters of the SmC-type (NCybC) in addition to a monotropic SmC phase for the longest homologue.
Off-equilibrium non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point: an effective field theory perspective
Creators: name: Sogabe, Noriyuki
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Gaussian fluctuations of baryon density are sensitive to the presence of the conjectured QCD critical point. Their observational consequences are crucial for the ongoing experimental search for this critical point through the beam energy scan program at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In the expanding fireball created in a heavy-ion collision, critical fluctuations would inescapably fall out of equilibrium, and require a systematic description within a dynamical framework. In this paper, we employ newly developed effective field theory (EFT) for fluctuating hydrodynamics to study the real-time critical non-Gaussian fluctuations of a conserved charge density. In particular, we derive the evolution equations for multi-point correlators of density fluctuations and obtain the closed-form solutions with arbitrary initial conditions that can readily be implemented in realistic simulations for heavy-ion collisions. We find that non-linear interactions among noise fields, which are missing in traditional stochastic hydrodynamics, could potentially contribute to the quartic (fourth order) fluctuations in scaling regime even at tree level in off-equilibrium situations.
description: 25 pages
Quantum dynamics of disordered arrays of interacting superconducting qubits: signatures of quantum collective states
Creators: name: Fistul, M. V.
name: Neyenhuys, O.
name: Bocaz, A. B.
name: Eremin, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the collective quantum dynamics occurring in various interacting superconducting qubits arrays (SQAs) in the presence of a spread of individual qubit frequencies. The interaction is provided by mutual inductive coupling between adjacent qubits (short-range Ising interaction) or inductive coupling to a low-dissipative resonator (long-range exchange interaction). In the absence of interaction the Fourier transform of temporal correlation function of the total polarization ($z$-projection of the total spin), i.e. the dynamic susceptibility $C(ω)$, demonstrates a set of sharp small magnitude resonances corresponding to the transitions of individual superconducting qubits. We show that even a weak interaction between qubits can overcome the disorder with a simultaneous formation of the collective excited states. This collective behavior manifests itself by a single large resonance in $C(ω)$. In the presence of a weak non-resonant microwave photon field in the low-dissipative resonator, the positions of dominant resonances depend on the number of photons, i.e. the collective ac Stark effect. Coupling of an SQA to the transmission line allows a straightforward experimental access of the collective states in microwave transmission experiments and, at the same time, to employ SQAs as sensitive single-photon detectors.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Gravitational Microlensing Rates in Milky Way Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Kıroğlu, Fulya
name: Weatherford, Newlin C.
name: Kremer, Kyle
name: Ye, Claire S.
name: Fragione, Giacomo
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many recent observational and theoretical studies suggest that globular clusters (GCs) host compact object populations large enough to play dominant roles in their overall dynamical evolution. Yet direct detection, particularly of black holes and neutron stars, remains rare and limited to special cases, such as when these objects reside in close binaries with bright companions. Here we examine the potential of microlensing detections to further constrain these dark populations. Based on state-of-the-art GC models from the CMC Cluster Catalog, we estimate the microlensing event rates for black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, and, for comparison, also for M dwarfs in Milky Way GCs, as well as the effects of different initial conditions on these rates. Among compact objects, we find that white dwarfs dominate the microlensing rates, simply because they largely dominate by numbers. We show that microlensing detections are in general more likely in GCs with higher initial densities, especially in clusters that undergo core collapse. We also estimate microlensing rates in the specific cases of M22 and 47 Tuc using our best-fitting models for these GCs. Because their positions on the sky lie near the rich stellar backgrounds of the Galactic bulge and the Small Magellanic Cloud, respectively, these clusters are among the Galactic GCs best-suited for dedicated microlensing surveys. The upcoming 10-year survey with the Rubin Observatory may be ideal for detecting lensing events in GCs.
description: v2: 17 pages, 5 figures
Synthesis, characterisation and mesomorphic behaviours of non-symmetrically substituted 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
Creators: name: Tomi, Ivan Hameed R.
name: Al-Obaidy, Mazin M. Abdul Razzaq
name: Al-Daraji, Ali Hussein R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Two series of non-symmetrically substituted bent-core mesogens derived from the central 3,5 and 2,5 cores of the 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, respectively, containing ether and ester linkage have been synthesised by several straightforward synthetic procedures, and their mesomorphic behaviour was studied by optical polarising microscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The last five homologues of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole series exhibit a monotropic nematic phase on cooling, while the 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives do not show any liquid crystalline properties but rather a crystal to isotropic transition is observed by OPM. We show that the bent angles of the 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings are crucial in observing the liquid crystal (LC) phases formed, and also that the length of the alkyl substituent is observed to have a significant effect on the nature of the LC phases.
Interweaving Histories - Itineraries between Switzerland and India (1900–1950)
Creators: name: Blaser, Claire Louise
name: Bornet, Philippe
name: Burger, Maya
name: Schreiner, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Swiss history
South Asia
Gender History
India
History of Feminism
Cultural history
Twentieth century
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/900
History

description: By looking at the itineraries of specific individual Indian and Swiss actors going back and forth between India and Switzerland during the first half of twentieth century, the book explores the history of cultural relations between both countries. The itineraries studied here are those of Frieda Hauswirth, who searched for ways to contribute to the Indian freedom struggle; of Eva Lombard and Elisabeth Petitpierre, who went to India in order to practice medicine and save souls; of Jakob Urner, a missionary who developed an elective affinity for the Lingayat religious literature; of Selvarajan Yesudian, who teamed up with the esotericist Elisabeth Haich, and taught in Switzerland an idiosyncratic conception of yoga; and of Lizelle Reymond who published a widely read book recounting her encounter with the samkhya master Sri Anirvan.
description: ISBN:978-3-7965-4774-4
description: ISBN:978-3-7965-4773-7
Site-Resolved Imaging of Bosonic Mott Insulator of $^7$Li atoms
Creators: name: Kwon, Kiryang
name: Kim, Kyungtae
name: Hur, Junhyeok
name: Huh, SeungJung
name: Choi, Jae-yoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a single-site and single-atom-resolved fluorescence imaging of a bosonic Mott insulator of $^7$Li atoms in an optical lattice. The fluorescence images are obtained by implementing Raman sideband cooling on a deep two-dimensional square lattice, where we collect scattered photons with a high numerical aperture objective lens. The square lattice is created by a folded retro-reflected beam configuration that can reach 2.5~mK lattice depth from a single laser source. The lattice beam is elliptically focused to have a large area with deep potential. On average 4,000 photons are collected per atom during 1~s of the Raman sideband cooling, and the imaging fidelity is over 95$\%$ in the central 80$\times$80 lattice sites. As a first step to study correlated quantum phases, we present the site-resolved imaging of a Mott insulator. Tuning the magnetic field near the Feshbach resonance, the scattering length can be increased to 680$a_B$, and we are able to produce a large-sized unity filling Mott insulator with 2,000 atoms at low temperature. Our work provides a stepping stone to further in-depth investigations of intriguing quantum many-body phases in optical lattices.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Atomic real-space perspective of light-field-driven currents in graphene
Creators: name: Morimoto, Yuya
name: Shinohara, Yasushi
name: Ishikawa, Kenichi L.
name: Hommelhoff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When graphene is exposed to a strong few-cycle optical field, a directional electric current can be induced depending on the carrier-envelope phase of the field. This phenomenon has successfully been explained by the charge dynamics in reciprocal space, namely an asymmetry in the conduction band population left after the laser excitation. However, the corresponding real-space perspective has not been explored so far although it could yield knowledge about the atomic origin of the macroscopic currents. In this work, by adapting the nearest-neighbor tight-binding model including overlap integrals and the semiconductor Bloch equation, we reveal the spatial distributions of the light-field-driven currents on the atomic scale and show how they are related to the light-induced changes of charge densities. The atomic-scale currents flow dominantly through the network of the π bonds and are the strongest at the bonds parallel to the field polarization, where an increase of the charge density is observed. The real-space maps of the currents and changes in charge densities are elucidated using simple symmetries connecting real and reciprocal space. We also discuss the strong-field-driven Rabi oscillations appearing in the atomic-scale charge densities. This work highlights the importance of real-space measurements and stimulates future time-resolved atomic-scale experimental studies with high-energy electrons or X-rays, for examples.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Note Illustrative della Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000, F. 564 Carbonia, Servizio Geologico d'Italia - ISPRA
Creators: name: Pasci, S.
name: Carmignani, L.
name: Pisanu, G.
name: Sale, V.
name: Ulzega, A.
name: Orrù, P.
name: Pintus, C.
name: Deiana, G.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: carta geologica, Carbonia, Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, CARG, stratigrafia, tettonica, sottosuolo, geological map, stratigraphy, tectonics, subsurface

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geologico n. 564 Carbonia della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 272 pp.
Phase Stability of the Argon Crystal: A First-Principles Study Based on Random Phase Approximation plus Renormalized Single Excitation Corrections
Creators: name: Yang, Sixian
name: Ren, Xinguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy differences between the face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal closed packed (HCP) structures of the argon (Ar) crystal are studied using the first-principles electronic-structure approach at the level of random phase approximation (RPA) plus renormalized single exitation (rSE) correction. By treating both structures at equal footing (i.e., employing the same computational supercell and k grid sampling), our RPA+rSE calculations show that, at zero temperature, the FCC structure is lower in energy than the HCP structure over a wide pressure range. The influence of zero-point energy (ZPE) is also studied and and it is found that ZPE only plays a secondary role in determining the relative stability of the two structures, whereas the electron correlation effect dominates. We further examine the equation of states in the high pressure regime, and our RPA+rSE results, complemented with phonon contributions, show excellent agreement with available experimental data. Finally, by computing the Gibbs free energies for both the FCC and HCP at different temperatures, we are able to generate a $T$-$P$ phase diagram for the Ar crystal, disclosing the pressure-temperature range for each phase. Our calculations show that the FCC phase has a slightly larger entropy and volume than HCP phase at the temperature and pressure condition.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, and one table
The reading strategies of a map-based dashboard: Acquisition and assessment
Creators: name: Zuo, Chenyu
name: Ding, Linfang
name: Meng, Liqiu
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: User study
Map-based dashboard
Interview
Eye-tracking

description: Abstracts of the ICA, 3
description: ISSN:2570-2106
description: 30th International Cartographic Conference (ICC 2021)
Symplectic aspects of the tt*-Toda equations
Creators: name: Odoi, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate explicitly, in terms of the asymptotic data, the ratio of the constant pre-factors in the large and small $x$ asymptotics of the tau functions for global solutions of the tt{*}-Toda equations. This constant problem for the sinh-Gordon equation, which is the case $n=1$ of the tt{*}-Toda equations, was solved by C. A. Tracy. We also introduce natural symplectic structures on the space of asymptotic data and on the space of monodromy data for a wider class of solutions, and show that these symplectic structures are preserved by the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence.
Economic implications of water efficiency measures II: cost-effectiveness of composite strategies
Creators: name: A. M. Fidar
name: F. A. Memon
name: D. Butler
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper briefly describes the development and application of a tool for generating micro-components (e.g. baths, taps, showers, WCs, washing machines and dishwashers) based water efficient composite strategies and assesses their cost-effectiveness using a number of economic assessment methods. A composite strategy is defined as a combination of micro-components that could deliver a given water efficiency level. The assessment results suggest that the economic performance of water efficient composite strategies varies considerably. There is no linear relationship between water and energy consumption and the total cost associated with the strategies. Additionally, conventional cost assessment methods appear to be unsuitable for identifying the least cost options to consumers.
Adoption of increasing block tariffs (IBTs) among urban water utilities in major cities in China
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Wu, Xun
name: Yaojia Tang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Increasing block tariffs (IBTs) have been officially endorsed by the Chinese government since 1998, but by the end of 2013, fewer than half of the country’s 36 major cities had adopted IBTs as the tariff structure for their water utilities. Our study examines the main factors affecting these cities’ decisions on whether or not to adopt IBTs, considering both general characteristics of the cities and characteristics of their water utilities. A discrete-time hazard model is used for empirical analysis. Results show that factors most likely to affect a major city’s decision on IBT adoption include the city’s economic development as measured by growth rate of GDP; changes in the relative importance of the domestic water sector; the city’s wastewater treatment rate and leakage rate; and business structure of the water utility.
Non-supersymmetric black holes with $α'$ corrections
Creators: name: Cano, Pablo A.
name: Ortín, Tomás
name: Ruipérez, Alejandro
name: Zatti, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study extremal 5- and 4-dimensional black hole solutions of the Heterotic Superstring effective action at first order in $α'$ with, respectively, 3 and 4 charges of arbitrary signs. For a particular choice of the relative signs of these charges the solutions are supersymmetric, but other signs give rise to non-supersymmetric extremal black holes. Although at zeroth order all these solutions are formally identical, we show that the $α'$ corrections are drastically different depending on how we break supersymmetry. We provide fully analytic $\mathcal{O}(α')$ solutions and we compute their charges, masses and entropies and check that they are invariant under $α'$-corrected T-duality transformations. The masses of some of these black holes are corrected in a complicated way, but we show that the shift is always negative, in agreement with the Weak Gravity Conjecture. Our formula for the corrected entropy of the four-dimensional black holes generalizes previous results obtained from the entropy function method, as we consider a more general way in which supersymmetry can be broken.
description: 58 pages, 1 figure, version to be sent to JHEP (improved presentation and typos fixed)
Space Geodesy Project Report
Creators: name: Grattenthaler, Heinrich
name: Martynova, Daria
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: This research aimed to address the challenge of improving the reliability of the Water- GAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data as a benchmark. Our problem was defined by the need to align WGHM Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data more closely with the reliable GRACE satellite measurements to enhance the simulation quality.
We developed a method employing a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify outliers and generate new features from the WGHM data. Furthermore, time series decomposition was applied for preprocessing, feeding both the latent variables of the CNN and coefficients of the decomposition into the GMM.
Our results demonstrated an improvement in alignment with the GRACE data, quantified by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and visualized through various data plots. A relative improvement was observed across numerous water basins, and the time series plots provided dynamic validation of the effects of our corrections.
Despite the improvements, the study highlighted inherent limitations related to outlier detec- tion, feature representation, and model component determination. It suggests the exploration of ensemble methods, Bayesian modeling, and artificial data generation for future improvements. These enhancements in the reliability of WGHM data could expand its applicability across a broader range of environmental and climate studies.
The performance of a new Kuraray wavelength shifting fiber YS-2
Creators: name: Alekseev, I.
name: Danilov, M.
name: Rusinov, V.
name: Samigullin, E.
name: Svirida, D.
name: Tarkovsy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wavelength shifting fibers are widely used for light collection from scintillation counters, which allow connection of various scintillation planes to relatively small photocathodes of photodetectors and especially tiny photocathodes of silicon photo-multipliers. In October 2020 Kuraray announced production of a new branch of faster fibers. We performed a comparison of the new fiber YS-2 to a mature Y-11. The fiber YS-2 demonstrated decay time nearly two times shorter than that of Y-11: $\approx$4.0 ns versus $\approx$7.4 ns. At the same time its light yield and attenuation length are as good as of Y-11, which makes YS-2 a good choice for timing scintillation detectors.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in JINST, the accepted version, minor revisions
Coherent Contributions to Population Dynamics in a Semiconductor Microcavity
Creators: name: Paul, J.
name: Rose, H.
name: Swagel, E.
name: Meier, T.
name: Wahlstrand, J. K.
name: Bristow, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) is used to separate coherent and incoherent many-body contributions to the population-time dynamics in a GaAs-based semiconductor microcavity encapsulating a single InGaAs quantum well. In a three-pulse four-wave-mixing scheme, the second delay time is the population time that in MDCS probes excited-state coherences and population dynamics. Nonlinear optical interactions can mix these contributions, which are isolated here for the lower- and upper-exciton-polariton through the self- and mutual-interaction features. Results show fast decays and oscillations arising from the coherent response, including a broad stripe along the absorption energy axis, and longer time mutual-interaction features that do not obey a simple population decay model. These results are qualitatively replicated by Bloch equation simulations for the 1s exciton strongly coupled to the intracavity field. The simulations allow for separation of coherent and incoherent Pauli-blocking and Coulomb interaction terms within the chi^(3)-limit, and direct comparison of each feature in one-quantum rephasing and zero-quantum spectra.
description: 24 pages, 7 figure, preprint format, journal article (resubmission)
FPGA as a RESTful Service: Release Your Accelerator from the PCIe Cage!
Creators: name: Maschi, Fabio
name: Alonso, Gustavo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: FPGAs have proven to be an efficient execution node to accelerate compute-intense tasks in distributed system. However, keeping them as a primary PCIe-attached device remains a limiting factor for their broader adoption: (i) the tight coupling of technology stacks increases development and maintenance costs; (ii) PCIe communication pattern reduces the potential for low-latency and high-bandwidth acceleration; and (iii) cloud offerings are restricted to few settings. In this work, we present Strega, an HTTP server-side stack for FPGA kernels, making them available as a RESTful micro-service directly over the network. The enhanced hardware abstraction facilitates software integration, while offering deterministic, orders of magnitude higher performance.
Synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of three-coordinate copper(I) halide complexes containing 2-(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl
Creators: name: Qi, Lei
name: Li, Qian
name: Hong, Xiao
name: Liu, Li
name: Zhong, Xin-Xin
name: Chen, Qiao
name: Li, Fa-Bao
name: Liu, Qian
name: Qin, Hai-Mei
name: Wai-Yeung Wong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Highly emissive three-coordinate copper halide complexes with a bidentate phosphine ligand have attracted attention. Here, a series of three-coordinate mono- and dinuclear copper halide complexes, [CuI(dpbp)2] (1) and [CuX(dpbp)]2 (dpbp = 2-(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl, X = Br (2), Cl (3)), were synthesized, and their molecular structures and photophysical properties were investigated. In the solid state, these complexes exhibit green photoluminescence with microsecond lifetimes (λmax = 515–538 nm; τ = 11.8–19.1 μs) at 298 K. The emission of the complexes originates from the (σ + X) → π* transition. All three complexes displayed good thermal stability.
Analysis of an adaptive lead weighted ResNet for multiclass classification of 12-lead ECGs
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhibin
name: Murphy, Darcy
name: Gifford, Hugh
name: Williams, Stefan
name: Darlington, Annie
name: Relton, Samuel D.
name: Fang, Hui
name: Wong, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3; I.2
subject: 68T07

description: Background: Twelve lead ECGs are a core diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we describe and analyse an ensemble deep neural network architecture to classify 24 cardiac abnormalities from 12-lead ECGs. Method: We proposed a squeeze and excite ResNet to automatically learn deep features from 12-lead ECGs, in order to identify 24 cardiac conditions. The deep features were augmented with age and gender features in the final fully connected layers. Output thresholds for each class were set using a constrained grid search. To determine why the model made incorrect predictions, two expert clinicians independently interpreted a random set of 100 misclassified ECGs concerning Left Axis Deviation. Results: Using the bespoke weighted accuracy metric, we achieved a 5-fold cross validation score of 0.684, and sensitivity and specificity of 0.758 and 0.969, respectively. We scored 0.520 on the full test data, and ranked 2nd out of 41 in the official challenge rankings. On a random set of misclassified ECGs, agreement between two clinicians and training labels was poor (clinician 1: kappa = -0.057, clinician 2: kappa = -0.159). In contrast, agreement between the clinicians was very high (kappa = 0.92). Discussion: The proposed prediction model performed well on the validation and hidden test data in comparison to models trained on the same data. We also discovered considerable inconsistency in training labels, which is likely to hinder development of more accurate models.
description: 13 pages, 4 Figure, 4 Tables. To be submitted to Physiological Measurement (special issue for Physionet Challenge)
Tunable cryogenic THz cavity for strong light-matter coupling in complex materials
Creators: name: Jarc, Giacomo
name: Mathengattil, Shahla Yasmin
name: Giusti, Francesca
name: Barnaba, Maurizio
name: Singh, Abhishek
name: Montanaro, Angela
name: Glerean, Filippo
name: Rigoni, Enrico Maria
name: Zilio, Simone Dal
name: Winnerl, Stephan
name: Fausti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here the realization and commissioning of an experiment dedicated to the study of the optical properties of light matter hybrids constituted of crystalline samples embedded in an optical cavity. The experimental assembly developed offers the unique opportunity to study the weak and strong coupling regime between a tunable optical cavity in cryogenic environment and low energy degrees of freedom such as phonons, magnons or charge fluctuations. We describe here the setup developed which allows the positioning of crystalline samples in an optical cavity of different quality factor, the tuning of the cavity length at cryogenic temperatures and its optical characterization with a broadband time domain THz spectrometer (0.2-6 THz). We demonstrate the versatility of the setup by studying the vibrational strong coupling in CuGeO3 single crystal at cryogenic temperatures.
How much does it burn? Profiling the energy model of a Tofino switch
Creators: name: Lim, Jackie
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The ICT sector, in which the Internet plays a significant role, is growing rapidly, and along with it, the amount of power required to maintain its infrastructure. This includes powering various devices such as routers and switches, but currently, we lack sufficient knowledge about their power profile. This thesis brings a piece to the puzzle by power profiling the WEDGE100BF32Q, a commercial, programmable switch intended for data centers. Hands-on experiments were performed on the device and the results show that the major factors accounting for the total power usage are: The idle power of the device, the power required to maintain enabled ports, and the additional power required to process packets at the ports and in the data plane.
Classical and quantum gravitational scattering with Generalized Wilson Lines
Creators: name: Bonocore, Domenico
name: Kulesza, Anna
name: Pirsch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The all-order structure of scattering amplitudes is greatly simplified by the use of Wilson line operators, describing eikonal emissions from straight lines extending to infinity. A generalization at subleading powers in the eikonal expansion, known as Generalized Wilson Line (GWL), has been proposed some time ago, and has been applied both in QCD phenomenology and in the high energy limits of gravitational amplitudes. In this paper we revisit the construction of the scalar gravitational GWL starting from first principles in the worldline formalism. We identify the correct Hamiltonian that leads to a simple correspondence between the soft expansion and the weak field expansion. This allows us to isolate the terms in the GWL that are relevant in the classical limit. In doing so we devote special care to the regularization of UV divergences that were not discussed in an earlier derivation. We also clarify the relation with a parallel body of work that recently investigated the classical limit of scattering amplitudes in gravity in the worldline formalism.
description: 41 pages, 5 figures; published version: typos corrected, references added, discussion in section 5.2 extended, results unchanged
Lithium-ion battery degradation: how to model it
Creators: name: O'Kane, Simon E. J.
name: Ai, Weilong
name: Madabattula, Ganesh
name: Alvarez, Diego Alonso
name: Timms, Robert
name: Sulzer, Valentin
name: Edge, Jacqueline Sophie
name: Wu, Billy
name: Offer, Gregory J.
name: Marinescu, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting lithium-ion battery degradation is worth billions to the global automotive, aviation and energy storage industries, to improve performance and safety and reduce warranty liabilities. However, very few published models of battery degradation explicitly consider the interactions between more than two degradation mechanisms, and none do so within a single electrode. In this paper, the first published attempt to directly couple more than two degradation mechanisms in the negative electrode is reported. The results are used to map different pathways through the complicated path dependent and non-linear degradation space. Four degradation mechanisms are coupled in PyBaMM, an open source modelling environment uniquely developed to allow new physics to be implemented and explored quickly and easily. Crucially it is possible to see 'inside' the model and observe the consequences of the different patterns of degradation, such as loss of lithium inventory and loss of active material. For the same cell, five different pathways that can result in end-of-life have already been found, depending on how the cell is used. Such information would enable a product designer to either extend life or predict life based upon the usage pattern. However, parameterization of the degradation models remains as a major challenge, and requires the attention of the international battery community.
description: First version submitted to Energy and Environmental Science on 15th November 2021. Second version submitted to Physical Chemistry: Chemical Physics on 25th January 2022