cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An individual with Sarmatian-related ancestry in Roman Britain.
Creators: name: Silva, Marina
name: Booth, Thomas
name: Moore, Joanna
name: Anastasiadou, Kyriaki
name: Walker, Don
name: Gilardet, Alexandre
name: Barrington, Christopher
name: Kelly, Monica
name: Williams, Mia
name: Henderson, Michael
name: Smith, Alex
name: Bowsher, David
name: Montgomery, Janet
name: Skoglund, Pontus
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Tumour Biology
subject: Tumour Biology
classificationCode: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
classificationCode: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
classificationCode: Infectious Disease
subject: Infectious Disease
classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics
classificationCode: Computational & Systems Biology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology
classificationCode: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair

description: In the second century CE the Roman Empire had increasing contact with Sarmatians, nomadic Iranian speakers occupying an area stretching from the Pontic-Caspian steppe to the Carpathian mountains, both in the Caucasus and in the Danubian borders of the empire.1,2,3 In 175 CE, following their defeat in the Marcomannic Wars, emperor Marcus Aurelius drafted Sarmatian cavalry into Roman legions and deployed 5,500 Sarmatian soldiers to Britain, as recorded by contemporary historian Cassius Dio.4,5 Little is known about where the Sarmatian cavalry were stationed, and no individuals connected with this historically attested event have been identified to date, leaving its impact on Britain largely unknown. Here we document Caucasus- and Sarmatian-related ancestry in the whole genome of a Roman-period individual (126-228 calibrated [cal.] CE)-an outlier without traceable ancestry related to local populations in Britain-recovered from a farmstead site in present-day Cambridgeshire, UK. Stable isotopes support a life history of mobility during childhood. Although several scenarios are possible, the historical deployment of Sarmatians to Britain provides a parsimonious explanation for this individual's extraordinary life history. Regardless of the factors behind his migrations, these results highlight how long-range mobility facilitated by the Roman Empire impacted provincial locations outside of urban centers.
Symbolic Dynamics in the Elliptic Isosceles Restricted Three Body Problem
Creators: name: Guardia, Marcel
name: Paradela, Jaime
name: Seara, Tere-M.
name: Vidal, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37N05 37J46

description: The elliptic isosceles restricted three body problem (REI3BP) models the motion of a massless body under the influence of the Newtonian gravitational force caused by two other bodies called the primaries. The primaries of masses $m_{1}=m_{2}$ move along a degenerate Keplerian elliptic collision orbit (on a line) under their gravitational attraction, whereas the third, massless particle, moves on the plane perpendicular to their line of motion and passing through the center of mass of the primaries. By symmetry, the component of the angular momentum $G$ of the massless particle along the direction of the line of the primaries is conserved. We show the existence of symbolic dynamics in the REI3BP for large $G$ by building a Smale horseshoe on a certain subset of the phase space. As a consequence we deduce that the REI3BP possesses oscillatory motions, namely orbits which leave every bounded region but return infinitely often to some fixed bounded region. The proof relies on the existence of transversal homoclinic connections associated to an invariant manifold at infinity. Since the distance between the stable and unstable manifolds of infinity is exponentially small, Melnikov theory does not apply.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures
Low-Redshift Cosmic Baryon Fluid on Large Scales and She-Leveque Universal Scaling
Creators: name: He, Ping
name: Liu, Jiren
name: Feng, Long-Long
name: Shu, Chi-Wang
name: Fang, Li-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the statistical properties of cosmic baryon fluid in the nonlinear regime, which is crucial for understanding the large-scale structure formation of the universe. With the hydrodynamic simulation sample of the Universe in the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant, we show that the intermittency of the velocity field of cosmic baryon fluid at redshift z=0 in the scale range from the Jeans length to about 16 Mpc/h can be extremely well described by She-Leveque's universal scaling formula. The baryon fluid also possesses the following features: (1) for volume weight statistics, the dissipative structures are dominated by sheets, and (2) the relation between the intensities of fluctuations is hierarchical. These results imply that the evolution of highly evolved cosmic baryon fluid is similar to a fully developed turbulence.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Some Estimates of Supply and Inventory Response Functions for the Cattle and Sheep Sector of New South Wales
Creators: name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Freebairn, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Econometric procedures are employed in an analysis of N.S.W. cattle and sheep producers' decision-making regarding the annual supplies of beef, veal, lamb, mutton and wool, and annual changes in the inventory levels of beef cows, dairy cows, steers, adult sheep and ewes mated to British breed rams. A simultaneous equation model containing fourteen stochastic equations is specified and estimated using annual data for the period 1953-4 to 1970-1. A set of derived reduced form functions are employed in a study of some dynamic behavioural relationships in the cattle and sheep sector. The estimated model is used to analyse some effects on prices, quantities and inventory levels of the imposition of a (10 cent per kg) tax on beef exports.
Numerical Simulation of Iced Wing Using Separating Shear Layer Fixed Turbulence Models
Creators: name: Li, Haoran
name: Zhang, Yufei
name: Chen, Haixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aerodynamic prediction of glaze ice accretion on airfoils and wing is studied using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method. Two separation fixed turbulence models are developed considering the nonequilibrium characteristics of turbulence. The key ad hoc fix is a term of the local ratio of turbulent production to dissipation, which is used to amplify the destruction term of the ω-equation to increase the eddy viscosity in a separating shear layer of the fully turbulent region. A shear stress limiter is adopted to appropriately simulate the beginning process of the shear layer transition when the turbulence is under development. The proposed separation fixed terms can be easily implemented into current solvers. Two airfoils and a three-dimensional swept wing with ice accretions are numerically tested using the modified models. The results indicate that the separating shear layer fixes improve the ability of the models in predicting the stall behavior at large angles of attack. The simulated averaged flow field and turbulence intensity distribution are consistent with experimental data.
description: 24 pages, 18 figures
Reconsideration of Second Harmonic Generation from neat Air/Water Interface: Broken of Kleinman Symmetry from Dipolar Contribution
Creators: name: Zhang, Wen-kai
name: Zheng, De-sheng
name: Xu, Yan-yan
name: Bian, Hong-tao
name: Guo, Yuan
name: Wang, Hong-fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been generally accepted that there are significant quadrupolar and bulk contributions to the second harmonic generation (SHG) reflected from the neat air/water interface, as well as common liquid interfaces. Because there has been no general methodology to determine the quadrupolar and bulk contributions to the SHG signal from a liquid interface, this conclusion was reached based on the following two experimental phenomena. Namely, the broken of the macroscopic Kleinman symmetry, and the significant temperature dependence of the SHG signal from the neat air/water interface. However, because sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) measurement of the neat air/water interface observed no apparent temperature dependence, the temperature dependence in the SHG measurement has been reexamined and proven to be an experimental artifact. Here we present a complete microscopic analysis of the susceptibility tensors of the air/water interface, and show that dipolar contribution alone can be used to address the issue of broken of the macroscopic Kleinman symmetry at the neat air/water interface. Using this analysis, the orientation of the water molecules at the interface can be obtained, and it is consistent with the measurement from SFG-VS. Therefore, the key rationales to conclude significantly quadrupolar and bulk contributions to the SHG signal of the neat air/water interface can no longer be considered as valid as before. This new understanding of the air/water interface can shed light on our understanding of the nonlinear optical responses from other molecular interfaces as well.
Some Implications of Rice Price and Policy Changes for Irrigated Farms
Creators: name: Ryan, James G.
name: Ryan, James G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Parametric linear programming is used to determine the effect of various rice prices combined with the relaxation of acreage controls on the economic viability of the rice enterprise on farms in the irrigation areas of southwestern New South Wales. The relative effects of alternative rice marketing and production policies on the distribution of net incomes among farm size groups is also examined. On 300, 500, and 1,000 acre farms it was found that the price of rice could fall to $25 per long paddy ton before rice is deleted from optimum programmes. Farms in excess of about 400 acres would have had higher percentage net returns to capital and management if acreage controls were eliminated and rice was priced at "free" market levels in the period 1964-68 when rice prices were favourable. Smaller farms would have been better off under the then existing production and marketing arrangements. In periods of depressed world and pool rice prices such as from 1968-71, all farms up to approximately 1,000 acres would have had larger percentage net returns with acreage controls and a pooling of domestic and export prices.
Notes on Five-dimensional Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Makoto
name: Yasui, Yukinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The geometry of five-dimensional Kerr black holes is discussed based on geodesics and Weyl curvatures. Kerr-Star space, Star-Kerr space and Kruskal space are naturally introduced by using special null geodesics. We show that the geodesics of AdS Kerr black hole are integrable, which generalizes the result of Frolov and Stojkovic. We also show that five-dimensional AdS Kerr black holes are isospectrum deformations of Ricci-flat Kerr black holes in the sense that the eigenvalues of the Weyl curvature are preserved.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures; analyses on the Weyl curvature of AdS Kerr black holes are extended, an appendix and references are added
The pre-WDVV ring of physics and its topology
Creators: name: Readdy, Margaret A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F55 (Primary) 05E99, 55P15 (Secondary)

description: We show how a simplicial complex arising from the WDVV (Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde) equations of string theory is the Whitehouse complex. Using discrete Morse theory, we give an elementary proof that the Whitehouse complex $Δ_n$ is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of $(n-2)!$ spheres of dimension $n-4$. We also verify the Cohen-Macaulay property. Additionally, recurrences are given for the face enumeration of the complex and the Hilbert series of the associated pre-WDVV ring.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Strong Suppression of Electrical Noise in Bilayer Graphene Nano Devices
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Ming
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-frequency 1/f noise is ubiquitous, and dominates the signal-to-noise performance in nanodevices. Here we investigate the noise characteristics of single-layer and bilayer graphene nano-devices, and uncover an unexpected 1/f noise behavior for bilayer devices. Graphene is a single layer of graphite, where carbon atoms form a 2D honeycomb lattice. Despite the similar composition, bilayer graphene (two graphene monolayers stacked in the natural graphite order) is a distinct 2D system with a different band structure and electrical properties. In graphene monolayers, the 1/f noise is found to follow Hooge's empirical relation with a noise parameter comparable to that of bulk semiconductors. However, this 1/f noise is strongly suppressed in bilayer graphene devices, and exhibits an unusual dependence on the carrier density, different from most other materials. The unexpected noise behavior in graphene bilayers is associated with its unique band structure that varies with the charge distribution among the two layers, resulting in an effective screening of potential fluctuations due to external impurity charges. The findings here point to exciting opportunities for graphene bilayers in low-noise applications.
Growth of the Agricultural Firm: Problems and Theories
Creators: name: Renborg, Ulf
name: Renborg, Ulf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This review of growth theories of the firm is directed towards those theories of interest for managerial direction of the growth process of agricultural firms. It starts with a discussion of growth, growth directions, the growth process and associated problems. From this an analytical procedure is built up. which states a set of desirable features that theories suitable to guide managers of agricultural firms should contain. In the light of these, the following theories of firm growth are discussed: the traditional neo-classical approach to firm size, extensions of this approach, the growth theories of Edith Penrose and Robin Marris, and the combination of investment and finance theory possible with various types of mathematical programming and cybernetic and behavioural theory models.
Additional file 1 of Cost-effectiveness of a reactive oral cholera immunization campaign using Shanchol™ in Malawi
Creators: name: Ilboudo, Patrick G.
name: Mengel, Martin A.
name: Gessner, Bradford D.
name: Bagrey Ngwira
name: Cavailler, Philippe
name: Jean-Bernard Le Gargasson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file1: Table S1: Effect of individual parameters on net cost per case averted. Table S2: Effect of individual parameters on net cost per death averted.
Chaotic properties of systems with Markov dynamics
Creators: name: Lecomte, Vivien
name: Appert-Rolland, Cecile
name: van Wijland, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general approach for computing the dynamic partition function of a continuous-time Markov process. The Ruelle topological pressure is identified with the large deviation function of a physical observable. We construct for the first time a corresponding finite Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for these processes. Then, as an example, the latter is computed for a symmetric exclusion process. We further present the first exact calculation of the topological pressure for an N-body stochastic interacting system, namely an infinite-range Ising model endowed with spin-flip dynamics. Expressions for the Kolmogorov-Sinai and the topological entropies follow.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the Physical Review Letters
Technological Change and the Environment
Creators: name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technological change
subject: induced innovation
subject: environment
subject: policy

description: Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter draft for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics (North-Holland/Elsevier Science), summarizes current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative implications of these analyses. We begin with a brief overview of the economics of technological change, and then examine theory and empirical evidence on invention, innovation, and diffusion and the related literature on the effects of environmental policy on the creation of new, environmentally friendly technology. We conclude with suggestions for further research on technological change and the environment.
Additional file 1 of Rapid prioritisation of topics for rapid evaluation: the case of innovations in adult social care and social work
Creators: name: Cowan, Katherine
name: Fulop, Naomi J.
name: Harshfield, Amelia
name: Ng, Pei Li
name: Antiopi Ntouva
name: Manbinder Sidhu
name: Sussex, Jon
name: Tomini, Sonila M.
name: Walton, Holly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary file 1. Flow chart outlining the four steps involved in our approach. Supplementary file 2. Criteria for inclusion in reduced list.
Scattering of mesons in quantum simulators
Creators: name: Surace, Federica Maria
name: Lerose, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating real-time evolution in theories of fundamental interactions represents one of the central challenges in contemporary theoretical physics. Cold-atom platforms stand as promising candidates to realize quantum simulations of non-perturbative phenomena in gauge theories, such as vacuum decay and hadron collisions, in prohibitive conditions for direct experiments. In this work, we demonstrate that present-day quantum simulators can imitate linear particle accelerators, giving access to S-matrix measurements of elastic and inelastic meson collisions in low-dimensional Abelian gauge theories. Considering for definiteness a $(1+1)$-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$-lattice gauge theory realizable with Rydberg-atom arrays, we present protocols to observe and measure selected meson-meson scattering processes. We provide a benchmark theoretical study of scattering amplitudes in the regime of large fermion mass, including an exact solution valid for arbitrary coupling strength. This allows us to discuss the occurrence of inelastic scattering channels, featuring the production of new mesons with different internal structures. We present numerical simulations of realistic wavepacket collisions, which reproduce the predicted cross section peaks. This work highlights the potential of quantum simulations to give unprecedented access to real-time scattering dynamics.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, v4: minor text rephrasing
Policies to Encourage Recycling and "Design for Environment": What to Do When Markets Are Missing
Creators: name: Calcott, Paul
name: Walls, Margaret
name: Calcott, Paul
name: Walls, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: solid waste
subject: regulatory policy
subject: regulatory design

description: Several studies have shown the efficiency of both a Pigovian tax on waste disposal and a deposit-refund instrument, that is a combined output tax and recycling subsidy. The efficiency of these instruments, however, critically depends on households being paid for recycling. In reality, although most households have access to curbside recycling services, they are not paid for the items they set out at the curb. All items placed in a recycling bin are thus of equal value to a household, and there is no incentive for producers to make their products any more recyclable than what is necessary to be eligible for the bin. This paper characterizes the constrained (second-best) optimum that exists with the missing recycling market and solves for a modified deposit-refund instrument that will achieve the constrained optimum.
Beginning secondary teachers’ perceptions of the teacher-on-call experience
Creators: name: Bodin, Lorne A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of the study was to gain insight into the nature of T.O.C. teaching from the perspective of beginning secondary teachers. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with four participants. Each participant was interviewed once a month over a four-month period from October 1999 to January 2000. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis for this exploratory study was based on the constant comparative method as described by Lincoln and Guba (1985). The results obtained from the data analysis are presented in terms of six common themes reflecting the beginning teachers' experiences as teachers on call. In addition to the common themes, important issues relating to T.O.C. teaching as expressed by the participants were also explored. The findings of this study indicate that the challenges associated with T.O.C. teaching as described by the participants are largely a result of the T.O.C.'s lack of familiarity with the teaching environment. The lack of T.O.C. familiarity with the teaching environment impacts all aspects of the T.O.C. experience. Preparatory measures in pre-service teacher education programs and strategies for in-service programs for T.O.C.s by school districts and schools are suggested.
Lattice QCD at maximal twist
Creators: name: Frezzotti, R.
name: Rossi, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we discuss the general features of maximally twisted lattice QCD. In particular, we illustrate how automatic O(a) improvement can be achieved and how it is possible to set up a lattice regularization scheme where the problem of wrong chirality mixing (be it finite or infinite) affecting the computation of the matrix elements of the CP-conserving effective weak Hamiltonian is neatly avoided, while having at the same time a positive determinant even for non-degenerate quark pairs. The question of reducing the large cutoff effects that appear when the quark mass tends to zero as a consequence of parity and iso-spin breaking in the action is also addressed. It is shown that such dangerous lattice artifacts are strongly suppressed if the clover term is added to the action or, alternatively, the critical mass is chosen so as to enforce the restoration of parity.
description: 14 pages, no figures, contribution presented by G.C. Rossi at the Workshop on Computational Hadron Physics held in Cyprus, September 14-17, 2005
Monolayer sorption of neon in mesoporous silica glass as monitored by WAXS
Creators: name: Kilburn, Duncan
name: Sokol, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the x-ray scattering intensity as mesoporous glasses are filled with Neon. We outline a simple model to account for the non-linear increase in the intensity of the first peak in a liquid-like diffraction pattern as a monolayer is formed. This allows us to demonstrate an approach for surface area determination which does not rely on thermodynamic models, and is therefore complimentary to existing models.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. To be published in Physical Review E
Safe Minimum Standards in Dynamic Resource Problems -- Conditions for Living on the Edge of Risk
Creators: name: Margolis, Michael
name: Naevdal, Eric
name: Margolis, Michael
name: Naevdal, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: safe minimum standards
subject: optimal control
subject: critical zone
subject: threshold effects
subject: mixed risk spaces

description: Safe Minimum Standards (SMSs) have been advocated as a policy rule for environmental problems where uncertainty about risks and consequences are thought to be profound. This paper explores the rationale for such a policy within a dynamic framework and derives conditions for when SMSs can be summarily dismissed as a policy choice and for when SMSs can be defended as an optimal policy based on standard economic criteria. We have determined that these conditions can be checked with quite limited information about damages and risks. In order to analyze the SMSs in a dynamic setting, we have developed a method for solving optimal control problems where the state space is divided into risky and non-risky subsets.
A Comprehensive Review for MRF and CRF Approaches in Pathology Image Analysis
Creators: name: Li, Yixin
name: Li, Chen
name: Li, Xiaoyan
name: Wang, Kai
name: Rahaman, Md Mamunur
name: Sun, Changhao
name: Chen, Hao
name: Wu, Xinran
name: Zhang, Hong
name: Wang, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pathology image analysis is an essential procedure for clinical diagnosis of many diseases. To boost the accuracy and objectivity of detection, nowadays, an increasing number of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is proposed. Among these methods, random field models play an indispensable role in improving the analysis performance. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of pathology image analysis based on the markov random fields (MRFs) and conditional random fields (CRFs), which are two popular random field models. Firstly, we introduce the background of two random fields and pathology images. Secondly, we summarize the basic mathematical knowledge of MRFs and CRFs from modelling to optimization. Then, a thorough review of the recent research on the MRFs and CRFs of pathology images analysis is presented. Finally, we investigate the popular methodologies in the related works and discuss the method migration among CAD field.
description: Arch Computat Methods Eng (2021)
Polarization and Experimental Configuration Analysis of Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectra of Air/Water Interface
Creators: name: Gan, Wei
name: Wu, Dan
name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Feng, Ran-ran
name: Wang, Hong-fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report a detailed study on spectroscopy, structure and dynamics of water molecules at air/water interface, investigated with Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy (SFG-VS). Quantitative polarization and experimental configuration analysis of the SFG data in different polarizations with four sets of experimental configurations can shed new lights on our present understanding of the air/water interface. Firstly, we concluded that the motion of the interfacial water molecules can only be in a limited angular range, instead rapidly varying over a broad angular range in the vibrational relaxation time suggested previously. Secondly, because different vibrational modes of different molecular species at the interface has different symmetry properties, polarization and symmetry analysis of the SFG-VS spectral features can help assignment of the SFG-VS spectra peaks to different interfacial species. These analysis concluded that the narrow 3693cm-1 and broad 3550cm-1 peaks belong to C_ v symmetry, while the broad 3250cm-1 and 3450cm-1 peaks belong to the symmetric stretching modes with C_2v symmetry. Thus, the 3693cm-1 peak is assigned to the free OH, the 3550cm-1 peak is assigned to the single hydrogen bonded OH stretching mode, and the 3250cm-1 and 3450cm-1 peaks are assigned to interfacial water molecules as two hydrogen donors for hydrogen bonding (with C_2v symmetry), respectively. Thirdly, analysis of the SFG-VS spectra concluded that the singly hydrogen bonded water molecules at the air/water interface have their dipole vector direct almost parallel to the interface, and is with a very narrow orientational distribution. The doubly hydrogen bond donor water molecules have their dipole vector point away from the liquid phase.
Electricity Capacity Requirements: Who Pays?
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: capacity requirements
subject: reserve requirements
subject: electricity generation
subject: utility regulation

description: Reserve requirements in electricity markets may get each producer to internalize the cost of grid-wide blackouts it might cause if unable to meet consumer demand. Markets for how such capacity might be procured have been studied. Less examined is how the costs of reserve capacity are covered. "Who pays" depends on how requirements are designed. If each producer has to provide peak capacity available to a grid operator at a below-spot price, requirements will increase volatility-that is, the gap between baseload and marginal peak prices. Requirements based on energy sales act as a tax on baseload to subsidize peak, reducing volatility. Finally, if requirements are designed to ensure that extreme-peak energy is available without scarcity rents, baseload prices remain unaffected, but (nonextreme) peak prices increase. Although this pattern seems unrelated to any economic or social goal, it replicates what one might see under crude seasonal or time-of-use pricing.
Additional file 1 of Assessing fetal movements in pregnancy: A qualitative evidence synthesis of women’s views, perspectives and experiences
Creators: name: Smith, Valerie
name: Muldoon, Kathryn
name: Brady, Vivienne
name: Delaney, Hannah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. ENTREQ Checklist. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research, reporting checklist.
Muddling Through while Environmental Regulatory Capacity Evolves: What Role for Voluntary Agreements?
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Sisto, Nicholas
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Sisto, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environment
subject: voluntary agreement
subject: regulatory capacity
subject: Latin America
subject: Mexico

description: The city of Leon, Guanajuato, is Mexico's leather goods capital and a notorious environmental hotspot. Over the past two decades, four high-profile voluntary agreements aimed at controlling pollution from Leon's tanneries have yielded few concrete results. To understand why, this paper reconstructs the history of these initiatives, along with that of local environmental regulatory capacity. Juxtaposing these two timelines suggests that the voluntary pollution control agreements were both motivated by-and undermined by-gaps in the legal, institutional, physical, and civic infrastructures needed to make regulation effective. Our analysis offers a concrete definition of environmental regulatory capacity, provides insights into how it evolves, and demonstrates its importance. Moreover, it sheds light on the question of whether voluntary environmental agreements-an increasingly popular regulatory tool-are likely to be effective in developing countries.
Programming Metamorphic Algorithms: An Experiment in Type-Driven Algorithm Design
Creators: name: Ko, Hsiang-Shang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In dependently typed programming, proofs of basic, structural properties can be embedded implicitly into programs and do not need to be written explicitly. Besides saving the effort of writing separate proofs, a most distinguishing and fascinating aspect of dependently typed programming is that it makes the idea of interactive type-driven development much more powerful, where expressive type information becomes useful hints that help the programmer to complete a program. There have not been many attempts at exploiting the full potential of the idea, though. As a departure from the usual properties dealt with in dependently typed programming, and as a demonstration that the idea of interactive type-driven development has more potential to be discovered, we conduct an experiment in ?type-driven algorithm design?: we develop algorithms from their specifications encoded in sophisticated types, to see how useful the hints provided by a type-aware interactive development environment can be. The algorithmic problem we choose is metamorphisms, whose definitional behaviour is consuming a data structure to compute an intermediate value and then producing a codata structure from that value, but there are other ways to compute metamorphisms. We develop Gibbons?s streaming algorithm and Nakano?s jigsaw model in the interactive development environment provided by the dependently typed language Agda, turning intuitive ideas about these algorithms into formal conditions and programs that are correct by construction.
Forest Carbon Sequestration: Some Issues for Forest Investments
Creators: name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forests
subject: carbon
subject: sinks
subject: sequestration
subject: forest management
subject: Kyoto Protocol

description: A major problem being faced by human society is that the global temperature is believed to be rising due to human activity that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; i.e., global warming. The major culprit is thought to be fossil fuel burning, which is releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed a number of ways. One of these is forestry and forest management. This paper examines a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem through forestry. First, the overall carbon cycle is described, and the potential impact of forests on the buildup of atmospheric carbon is examined. A major focus is the means by which forests and forest management can contribute to the sequestration of carbon. The potential role of forests and forestry in sequestrating carbon to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is now well recognized. A number of alternative approaches to utilizing forestry and forest management for carbon sequestration are examined. These include forest protection; the management of forests for carbon for joint products, i.e., the management of forests to generate both carbon and timber as products; the establishment of plantation forests dedicated to carbon sequestration; and increased production of wood products. Replacing other materials with wood will sequester carbon while reducing energy requirements, thereby reducing carbon emissions. Studies examining the costs of carbon sequestration using forestry are also discussed. The recent Kyoto Protocol (K.P.) explicitly recognizes certain forestry activities as "certifiable" for sequestration credits. But some definitions and aspects of carbon sequestration through forestry were left incomplete or inadequately defined by the Protocol. Furthermore, the KP has changed due to the recent withdrawal of the US for the Protocol (although not from the Kyoto Process). Nevertheless, further clarification is necessary to understand the full potential and set of opportunities from forestry both within the framework of the Protocol and more generally. Alternative types of vehicles for sequestration credits are discussed below,m both within and outside the context of the KP , and their advantages and disadvantages in terms of periods covered and liability are also examined. Finally, some ongoing real-world activities utilizing forestry specifically to sequester carbon are discussed.
Relating Meson and Baryon Fragmentation Functions by Shower-Parton Recombination
Creators: name: Hwa, Rudolph C.
name: Yang, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We relate the fragmentation functions of partons into mesons and baryons in the framework of recombination of shower partons. The results are in reasonable agreement with the data. The implication is that the meson and baryon fragmentation functions are not independent when hadronization of the shower partons are taken into account. The conclusion therefore closes a conceptual gap in the system of fragmentation functions whose $Q^2$ evolution has been more extensively studied than their interrelationship.
description: 10 pages in LaTex + 3 figures in eps
A Flux-enriched Godunov Method for Multi-material Problems with Interface Slide and Void Opening
Creators: name: Wallis, Tim
name: Barton, Philip T.
name: Nikiforakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work outlines a new three-dimensional diffuse interface finite volume method for the simulation of multiple solid and fluid components featuring large deformations, sliding and void opening. This is achieved by extending an existing reduced-equation diffuse interface method by means of a number of novel flux-modifiers and interface seeding routines that enable the application of different material boundary conditions. The method allows for slip boundary conditions across solid interfaces, material-void interaction, and interface separation. The method is designed to be straightforward to implement, inexpensive and highly parallelisable. This makes it suitable for use in large, multi-dimensional simulations that feature many complex materials and physical processes interacting over multiple levels of adaptive mesh refinement. Furthermore, the new method allows for the generation of new interfaces in a conservative fashion and therefore naturally facilitates the simulation of high-strain rate fracture. Hence, the governing model is augmented to include ductile damage to allow for validation of the method against demanding physical experiments. The method is shown to give excellent agreement with both experiment and existing Eulerian interface tracking algorithms that employ sharp interface methods.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.14555
Source-Receptor Relationships for Ozone and Fine Particulates in the Eastern United States
Creators: name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Bergin, Michelle S.
name: Russell, Armistead G.
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Bergin, Michelle S.
name: Russell, Armistead G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: source-receptor
subject: ozone
subject: particulate matter
subject: sensitivity analysis
subject: air quality simulation
subject: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

description: A key question in developing effective mitigation strategies for ozone and particulate matter is identifying which source regions contribute to concentrations in receptor regions. Using a direct approach with a regional, multiscale three-dimensional model, we derive multiple source-receptor matrices (S-Rs) to show inter- and intrastate impacts of emissions on both ozone and PM2.5 over the eastern United States. Our results show that local (in-state) emissions generally account for about 23% of both local ozone concentrations and PM2.5 concentrations, while neighboring states contribute much of the rest. The relative impact of each state on others varies dramatically between episodes. In reducing fine particulate concentrations, we find that reducing SO2 emissions can be 10 times as effective as reducing NOx emissions. SO2 reductions can lead to some increase in nitrates, but this is relatively small. NOx reductions, however, lead to both ozone reductions and some reduction in nitrate and sulfate particulate matter.
Random Matrix Based Extended Target Tracking with Orientation: A New Model and Inference
Creators: name: Tuncer, Barkın
name: Özkan, Emre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this study, we propose a novel extended target tracking algorithm which is capable of representing the extent of dynamic objects as an ellipsoid with a time-varying orientation angle. A diagonal positive semi-definite matrix is defined to model objects' extent within the random matrix framework where the diagonal elements have inverse-Gamma priors. The resulting measurement equation is non-linear in the state variables, and it is not possible to find a closed-form analytical expression for the true posterior because of the absence of conjugacy. We use the variational Bayes technique to perform approximate inference, where the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the true and the approximate posterior is minimized by performing fixed-point iterations. The update equations are easy to implement, and the algorithm can be used in real-time tracking applications. We illustrate the performance of the method in simulations and experiments with real data. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods when compared with respect to accuracy and robustness.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE TSP
title: Poster Person KB 3 Tutor IT Danny, Jerry, dan Karina
title: Poster KB 3 Tutorial IT
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Priscilla, Karina
name: Wimbanu, Danny
name: Susilo, Jerry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hasil Kuis Besar 3 Tutorial IT 

Jerry Susilo - 112110035

Karina Priscilla - 112110037

Dany Surya Pratama Wimbanu - 112110016
State transition and flaring activity of IGR J17464-3213/H1743-322 with SPI/INTEGRAL telescope
Creators: name: Joinet, A.
name: Jourdain, E.
name: Malzac, J.
name: Roques, J. P.
name: Schoenfelder, V.
name: Ubertini, P.
name: Capitanio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J17464-3213, already known as the HEAO-1 transient source H1743-322, has been detected during a state transition by the SPI/INTEGRAL telescope. We describe the spectral evolution and flaring activity of IGR J17464-3213/H1743-322 from 2003 March 21 to 2003 April 22. During the first part, the source followed a continuous spectral softening, with the peak of the spectral energy distribution shifting from 100 keV down to a few keV. However the thermal disk and the hard X-ray components had a similar intensity, indicating that the source was in an intermediate state throughout our observations and evolving toward the soft state. In the second part of our observations, the ASM/RXTE and SPI/INTEGRAL light curve showed a strong flaring activity. Two flare events lasting about 1 day each have been detected with SPI and are probably due to instabilities in the accretion disk associated with the state transition. During these flares, the low (1.5-12 keV) and high (20-200 keV) energy fluxes monitored with ASM/RXTE and SPI/INTEGRAL, are correlated and the spectral shape (above 20 keV) remains unchanged while the luminosity increases by a factor greater than 2.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Consumer Preference Not to Choose: Methodological and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: electricity markets
subject: deregulation
subject: consumer choice
subject: residential markets

description: Residential consumers remain reluctant to choose new electricity suppliers. Even the most successful jurisdictions, four U.S. states and other countries, have had to adopt extensive consumer education procedures that serve largely to confirm that choosing electricity suppliers is daunting. Electricity is not unique in this respect; numerous studies find that consumers are generally reluctant to switch brands, even when they are well-informed about product characteristics. If consumers prefer not to choose, opening regulated markets can reduce welfare, even for some consumers who do switch, as the incumbent can exploit this preference by raising price above the formerly regulated level. Policies to open markets might be successful even if limited to industrial and commercial customers, with residential prices based on those in nominally competitive wholesale markets.
Additional file 2 of Assessing fetal movements in pregnancy: A qualitative evidence synthesis of women’s views, perspectives and experiences
Creators: name: Smith, Valerie
name: Muldoon, Kathryn
name: Brady, Vivienne
name: Delaney, Hannah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Data Extraction Form (example).