cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The half-infinite XXZ chain in Onsager's approach
Creators: name: Baseilhac, P.
name: Belliard, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The half-infinite XXZ open spin chain with general integrable boundary conditions is considered within the recently developed `Onsager's approach'. Inspired by the finite size case, for any type of integrable boundary conditions it is shown that the transfer matrix is simply expressed in terms of the elements of a new type of current algebra recently introduced. In the massive regime $-1
description: 28 pages; Presentation improved; misprints corrected; to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Comparison of Two Independent Sr Optical Clocks with 1e-17 Stability at 10^3 s
Creators: name: Nicholson, T. L.
name: Martin, M. J.
name: Williams, J. R.
name: Bloom, B. J.
name: Bishof, M.
name: Swallows, M. D.
name: Campbell, S. L.
name: Ye, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-particle optical lattice clocks have the potential for unprecedented measurement precision and stability due to their low quantum projection noise. However, this potential has so far never been realized because clock stability has been limited by frequency noise of optical local oscillators. By synchronously probing two 87Sr lattice systems using a laser with a thermal noise floor of 1e-15, we remove classically correlated laser noise from the intercomparison, but this does not demonstrate independent clock performance. With an improved optical oscillator that has a 1e-16 thermal noise floor, we demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement over the best reported stability of any independent clock, achieving a fractional instability of 1e-17 in 1000 s of averaging time for synchronous or asynchronous comparisons. This result is within a factor of 2 of the combined quantum projection noise limit for a 160 ms probe time with ~10^3 atoms in each clock. We further demonstrate that even at this high precision, the overall systematic uncertainty of our clock is not limited by atomic interactions. For the second Sr clock, which has a cavity-enhanced lattice, the atomic-density-dependent frequency shift is evaluated to be -3.11e-17 with an uncertainty of 8.2e-19.
description: Final published version
Citizen Science: Collections, Connections & Collaborations
Creators: name: Leachman, Siobhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Citizen Science
Crowdsourcing
Smithsonian Transcription Center
Wikipedia
Wikicommons
Wikidata
Bionomia
WeDigBio
CitSciOz2023
Biodiversity Heritage Library

description: My keynote presentation for the Australian Citizen Science Association Conference 21 - 23 November 2023 delivered on Wednesday 22nd November 2023. This presentation explains my citizen science journey including how I started by contributing to the Smithsonian Transcription Center, how I progressed to writing Wikipedia articles and how this led to other institutions increasing the impact of my work. I explain about my engagement with the wider biodiversity community and how this has led me to co-author scientific papers, to help create biodiversity data standards and to be invited on to advisory boards for various institutions. I conclude by highlighting some of the projects I am currently working on.
Time-energy filtering of single electrons in ballistic waveguides
Creators: name: Locane, Elina
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Kashcheyevs, Vyacheslavs
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: quantum state tomography
subject: electron quantum optics
subject: single-electron devices
subject: time-dependent scattering
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Characterizing distinct electron wave packets is a basic task for solid-state electron quantum optics with applications in quantum metrology and sensing. A important circuit element for this task is a non-stationary potential barrier that enables backscattering of chiral particles depending on their energy and time of arrival. Here we solve the quantum mechanical problem of single-particle scattering by a ballistic constriction in an fully depleted quantum Hall system under spatially uniform but time-dependent electrostatic potential modulation. The result describes electrons distributed in time-energy space according to a modified Wigner quasiprobability distribution and scattered with an energy-dependent transmission probability that characterizes constriction in the absence of modulation. Modification of the incoming Wigner distribution due to external time-dependent potential simplifies in case of linear time-dependence and admits semiclassical interpretation. Our results support a recently proposed and implemented method for measuring time and energy distribution of solitary electrons as a quantum tomography technique, and offer new paths for experimental exploration of on-demand sources of coherent electrons.
The effects of strong magnetic fields on the neutron star structure: lowest order constrained variational calculations
Creators: name: Bordbar, Gholam Hossein
name: Rezaei, Zeinab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields upon the gross properties of neutron and protoneutron stars. In our calculations, the neutron star matter was approximated by the pure neutron matter. Using the lowest order constrained variational approach at zero and finite temperatures, and employing $AV_{18}$ potential, we present the effects of strong magnetic fields on the gravitational mass, radius, and gravitational redshift of the neutron and protoneutron stars. It is found that the equation of state of neutron star becomes stiffer with increase of the magnetic field and temperature. This leads to larger values of the maximum mass and radius for the neutron stars.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, Res. Astron. Astrophys. (2012) in press
Amphiphilic nanogels: influence of surface hydrophobicity on protein corona, biocompatibility and cellular uptake
Creators: name: Bewersdorff, Tony
name: Gruber, Alexandra
name: Eravci, Murat
name: Dumbani, Malti
name: Klinger, Daniel
name: Haase, Andrea
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: adjustable amphiphilic nanogels
subject: tuneable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance
subject: biocompatibility
subject: cellular uptake
subject: protein corona
subject: THP-1 cells
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Background and purpose: Nanogels (NGs) are promising drug delivery tools but are typically limited to hydrophilic drugs. Many potential new drugs are hydrophobic. Our study systematically investigates amphiphilic NGs with varying hydrophobicity, but similar colloidal features to ensure comparability. The amphiphilic NGs used in this experiment consist of a hydrophilic polymer network with randomly distributed hydrophobic groups. For the synthesis we used a new synthetic platform approach. Their amphiphilic character allows the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs. Importantly, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance determines drug loading and biological interactions. In particular, protein adsorption to NG surfaces is dependent on hydrophobicity and critically determines circulation time. Our study investigates how network hydrophobicity influences protein binding, biocompatibility and cellular uptake. Methods: Biocompatibility of the NGs was examined by WST-1 assay in monocytic-like THP-1 cells. Serum protein corona formation was investigated using dynamic light scattering and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, cellular uptake was analyzed via flow cytometry. Results: All NGs were highly biocompatible. The protein binding patterns for the two most hydrophobic NGs were very similar to each other but clearly different from the hydrophilic ones. Overall, protein binding was increased with increasing hydrophobicity, resulting in increased cellular uptake. Conclusion: Our study supports the establishment of structure–property relationships and contributes to the accurate balance between maximum loading capacity with low protein binding, optimal biological half-life and good biocompatibility. This is an important step to derive design principles of amphiphilic NGs to be applied as drug delivery vehicles.
Probing Color Octet Electrons at the LHC
Creators: name: Mandal, Tanumoy
name: Mitra, Subhadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with quark and lepton compositeness predict the existence of colored partners of the Standard Model leptons. In this paper we study the LHC phenomenology of a charged colored lepton partner, namely the color octet electron, $e_8$ in an effective theory framework. We explore various mechanisms for resonant production of $e_8$'s. With the pair production channel the 14 TeV LHC can probe $e_8$'s with masses up to 2.5 TeV (2.8 TeV) with 100 fb$^{-1}$ (300 fb$^{-1}$) of integrated luminosity. A common feature in all the resonant production channels is the presence of two high $p_T$ electrons and at least one high $p_T$ jet in the final state. Using this feature, we implement a search method where the signal is a combination of pair and single production events. This method has potential to increase the LHC reach significantly. Using the combined signal we estimate the LHC discovery potential for the $e_8$'s. Our analysis shows that the LHC with 14 TeV center-of-mass energy and 100 fb$^{-1}$ (300 fb$^{-1}$) of integrated luminosity can probe $e_8$'s with masses up to 3.4 TeV (4 TeV) for the compositeness scale of 5 TeV.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables. Typos fixed, reference added. The version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
A systematic review of existing ageism scales
Creators: name: Ayalon, Liat
name: Dolberg, Pnina
name: Mikulionienė, Sarmitė
name: Perek-Białas, Jolanta
name: Rapolienė, Gražina
name: Stypinska, Justyna
name: Willińska, Monika
name: Fuente-Núñez, Vânia De La
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: ageism
subject: scale
subject: discrimination
subject: stereotype
subject: prejudice
subject: systematic review
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Ageism has been shown to have a negative impact on older people’s health and wellbeing. Though multiple scales are currently being used to measure this increasingly important issue, syntheses of the psychometric properties of these scales are unavailable. This means that existing estimates of ageism prevalence may not be accurate. We conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying available ageism scales and evaluating their scope and psychometric properties. A comprehensive search strategy was used across fourteen different databases, including PubMed and CINAHL. Independent reviewers extracted data and appraised risk of bias following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Of the 29,664 records identified, 106 studies, assessing 11 explicit scales of ageism, were eligible for inclusion. Only one scale, the ‘Expectations Regarding Aging’ met minimum requirements for psychometric validation (i.e., adequate content validity, structural validity and internal consistency). Still, this scale only assesses the ‘stereotype’ dimension of ageism, thus failing to evaluate the other two ageism dimensions (prejudice and discrimination). This paper highlights the need to develop and validate a scale that accounts for the multidimensional nature of ageism. Having a scale that can accurately measure ageism prevalence is key in a time of increasing and rapid population ageing, where the magnitude of this phenomenon may be increasing.
What is the real meaning of the Froissart theorem ?
Creators: name: Azimov, Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Froissart bounds for amplitudes and cross sections are explained and reconsidered to clarify the role of different assumptions. It is the physical conditions of unitarity and of no massless exchanges, together with mathematical properties of the Legendre functions, that imply much softer high-energy asymptotics for elastic amplitudes at physical angles than for the same amplitudes at nonphysical angles. The canonical log-squared boundary for σ_{tot} appears only under the additional hypothesis that the amplitude at any nonphysical angle cannot grow faster than some power of energy. The Froissart results are further shown to admit some reinforcement. Comparison of the familiar and new Froissart-like restrictions with the existing data on σ_{tot} and diffraction slope at all available energies (including LHC) does not allow yet to unambiguously determine the asymptotic behavior of σ_{tot}, but shows that its current increase cannot be saturated (i.e., maximally rapid).
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, LATEX, uses hsqcd.cls (included); plenary talk at the International Workshop HSQCD 2012, St.Petersburg, Russia, 4--8 July, 2012; to appear in Proceedings. v2: small corrections, mainly in bibliography
Community detection in civil society online networks: Theoretical guide and empirical assessment
Creators: name: Stoltenberg, Daniela
name: Maier, Daniel
name: Waldherr, Annie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: hyperlink network analysis
subject: community detection
subject: cohesive subgroup
subject: civil society
subject: computational methods
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::305 Soziale Gruppen

description: Community detection is a fundamental challenge in the analysis of online networks. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding how to accomplish this task in a manner that acknowledges domain-specific, substantive social theory. We develop a typology of what social phenomena communities of hyperlinked actors may signify—topical similarities, ideological associations, strategic alliances, and potential user traffic—and offer recommendations for community detection grounded in these concepts. Testing procedures on a hyperlink network of the food safety movement, we demonstrate that the handling of tie directions and weights as well as algorithm choice influence which communities are ultimately detected in such a network.
Robots-Assisted Redeployment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Idoudi, Hanen
name: Houaidia, Chiraz
name: Saidane, Leila Azouz
name: Minet, Pascale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Connectivity and coverage are two crucial problems for wireless sensor networks. Several studies have focused on proposing solutions for improving and adjusting the initial deployment of a wireless sensor network to meet these two criteria. In our work, we propose a new hierarchical architecture for sensor networks that facilitates the gathering of redundancy information of the topology. Several mobile robots must then relocate, in an optimized way, redundant sensors to achieve optimal connectivity and coverage of the network. Mobile robots have to cooperate and coordinate their movement. A performance evaluation is conducted to study the trade-off between the number of required robots and its impact on the rate of network connectivity and coverage.
description: Journal of Networking Technology, Dline, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2012
SINAIS E SÍMBOLOS
Creators: name: Santana, José Cláudio Pavão
Publisher: name: Zenodo - Cadernos da Pena do Pavao
Year: 2023

description: Ano 07 – n. 01/2019
Já afirmei aqui da estéril discussão sobre revolução, contrarrevolução e golpe. O fato – ruptura institucional houve – entenda-o como quiser.
Negar que naquela época tenha havido torturas é tão mentiroso quanto negar a existência de assassinatos, justiçamentos e roubos a bancos.
Dendronized fluorosurfactant for highly stable water-in-fluorinated oil emulsions with minimal inter-droplet transfer of small molecules
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Mohammad Suman
name: Zheng, Wenshan
name: Kumari, Shalini
name: Heyman, John
name: Zhang, Xingcai
name: Dey, Pradip
name: Weitz, David A.
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: chemical biology
subject: molecular biology
subject: PCR-based techniques
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: Fluorosurfactant-stabilized microfluidic droplets are widely used as pico- to nanoliter volume reactors in chemistry and biology. However, current surfactants cannot completely prevent inter-droplet transfer of small organic molecules encapsulated or produced inside the droplets. In addition, the microdroplets typically coalesce at temperatures higher than 80 °C. Therefore, the use of droplet-based platforms for ultrahigh-throughput combination drug screening and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rare mutation detection has been limited. Here, we provide insights into designing surfactants that form robust microdroplets with improved stability and resistance to inter-droplet transfer. We used a panel of dendritic oligo-glycerol-based surfactants to demonstrate that a high degree of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, as well as the dendritic architecture, contribute to high droplet stability in PCR thermal cycling and minimize inter-droplet transfer of the water-soluble fluorescent dye sodium fluorescein salt and the drug doxycycline.
Algorithmic Mirror: Designing an Interactive Tool to Promote Self-Reflection for YouTube Recommendations
Creators: name: Kondo, Yui
name: Dunnell, Kevin
name: Qing Xiao, Qing
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Rocher, Luc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Critical Algorithmic Reflection
Recommendation Algorithm
Visualization
Spotify
YouTube

description: Big Data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) systems derive non-intuitive and often unverifiable inferences about individuals’ behaviors, preferences, and private lives. Drawing on diverse, feature-rich datasets of unpredictable value, these systems erode the intuitive connection between our actions and how we are perceived, diminishing control over our digital identities. While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) scholars have attempted to explain the inner workings of algorithms, their visualizations frequently overwhelm end-users with complexity. This research introduces ‘hypothetical inference’—a novel approach that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to simulate how algorithms might interpret users’ digital footprints and infer personal characteristics without requiring access to proprietary platform algorithms. Through empirical studies with fourteen participants, we advance the discourse on algorithmic literacy by providing users with accessible insights into potential algorithmic interpretations of their data.
Few-cycle laser driven reaction nanoscopy on aerosolized silica nanoparticles
Creators: name: Rupp, Philipp
name: Rühl, Eckart
name: Burger, Christian
name: Kling, Nora G.
name: Kübel, Matthias
name: Mitra, Sambit
name: Rosenberger, Philipp
name: Weatherby, Thomas
name: Saito, Nariyuki
name: Itatani, Jiro
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: molecular interactions with photons
subject: atomic interactions with photons
subject: ultrafast photonics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: Nanoparticles offer unique properties as photocatalysts with large surface areas. Under irradiation with light, the associated near-fields can induce, enhance, and control molecular adsorbate reactions on the nanoscale. So far, however, there is no simple method available to spatially resolve the near-field induced reaction yield on the surface of nanoparticles. Here we close this gap by introducing reaction nanoscopy based on three-dimensional momentum-resolved photoionization. The technique is demonstrated for the spatially selective proton generation in few-cycle laser-induced dissociative ionization of ethanol and water on SiO2 nanoparticles, resolving a pronounced variation across the particle surface. The results are modeled and reproduced qualitatively by electrostatic and quasi-classical mean-field Mie Monte-Carlo (M3C) calculations. Reaction nanoscopy is suited for a wide range of isolated nanosystems and can provide spatially resolved ultrafast reaction dynamics on nanoparticles, clusters, and droplets.
Application of an object-based verification method to ensemble forecasts of 10‑m wind gusts during winter storms
Creators: name: Zschenderlein, Philipp
name: Pardowitz, Tobias
name: Ulbrich, Uwe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: spatial verification
subject: object-based verification
subject: winter storms
subject: ensemble forecasts
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The object-based method SAL (Structure, Amplitude and Location) was adapted for investigating the errors of forecasts of extreme 10‑m wind gusts associated with winter storms in Germany. It has been applied to a statistically downscaled version of the 51 member ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) operational ensemble forecast. The horizontal resolution of both downscaled data and of the German weather service's operational analysis data used for verification is 7 km. Forecast errors are subdivided in terms of storm intensity, location and extent. After identifying a set of storm events, objects of moderate and intense 10‑m wind gusts were identified with a local percentile-based threshold (90th percentile for moderate and 98th percentile for intense gust objects). Depending on the intensity of the storm, the gust objects differ in terms of size, shape and intensity. The characteristics of the ensemble forecasts of 10‑m wind gusts can basically be assessed in two different ways. Individual forecast members can be evaluated with respect to the location, intensity and extent of the gust field, and then address the ensemble characteristics by the score distributions. Alternatively, the gust fields' location, intensity and extent can be evaluated by directly using the ensemble mean forecast instead of the individual members. The results of the identified set of storms clearly indicate a high case-to-case variability in the predictability of 10‑m wind gusts objects, particularly when focusing on the structure of intense wind gust objects. It is found, that the gust fields' location and overall intensity can be better estimated from the ensemble mean forecast, compared to the individual forecast members. From a forecaster's perspective this means, that a storms' location and intensity can be well estimated by considering the ensemble mean wind forecasts. Considering the structure of the gust objects, results are different. While for longer lead times, there also seems to be a benefit from applying ensemble averaging, at short lead times the ensemble mean forecast performs equally or worse than most of the individual forecast members. The amplitude error is often the smallest component of the three error types. The findings are particularly relevant when deriving warning information, by giving guidance to forecasters when interpreting ensemble forecasts for severe storms.
Anion-driven encapsulation of cationic guests inside pyridine[4]arene dimers
Creators: name: Kiesilä, Anniina
name: Moilanen, Jani O.
name: Kruve, Anneli
name: Schalley, Christoph A.
name: Barran, Perdita
name: Kalenius, Elina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: cation binding
subject: DFT calculations
subject: ion mobility mass spectrometry
subject: macrocycles
subject: pyridinearenes
subject: resorcinarenes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: Pyridine[4]arenes have previously been considered as anion binding hosts due to the electron-poor nature of the pyridine ring. Herein, we demonstrate the encapsulation of Me4N+ cations inside a dimeric hydrogen-bonded pyridine[4]arene capsule, which contradicts with earlier assumptions. The complexation of a cationic guest inside the pyridine[4]arene dimer has been detected and studied by multiple gas-phase techniques, ESI-QTOF-MS, IRMPD, and DT-IMMS experiments, as well as DFT calculations. The comparison of classical resorcinarenes with pyridinearenes by MS and NMR experiments reveals clear differences in their host–guest chemistry and implies that cation encapsulation in pyridine[4]arene is an anion-driven process.
Non-Abelian Tensor Towers and (2,0) Superconformal Theories
Creators: name: Bonetti, Federico
name: Grimm, Thomas W.
name: Hohenegger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the aim to study six-dimensional (2,0) superconformal theories with non-Abelian tensor multiplets we propose a five-dimensional superconformal action with eight supersymmetries for an infinite tower of non-Abelian vector, tensor and hypermultiplets. It describes the dynamics of the complete spectrum of the (2,0) theories compactified on a circle coupled to an additional vector multiplet containing the circle radius and the Kaluza-Klein vector arising from the six-dimensional metric. All couplings are only given in terms of group theoretical constants and the Kaluza-Klein levels. After superconformal symmetry is reduced to Poincare supersymmetry we find a Kaluza-Klein inspired action coupling super-Yang-Mills theory to an infinite tower of massive non-Abelian tensors. We explore the possibility to restore sixteen supersymmetries by using techniques known from harmonic superspace. Namely, additional bosonic coordinates on a four-sphere are introduced to enhance the R-symmetry group. Maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories and the Abelian (2,0) tensor theories are recovered as special cases of our construction. Finally, we comment on the generation of an anomaly balancing Wess-Zumino term for the R-symmetry vector at one loop.
description: 55 pages, 5 figures; v2: minus sign in eq. (4.13) fixed, final action (4.20) adjusted, references added
Broken and unbroken: the Milky Way and M31 stellar haloes
Creators: name: Deason, A. J.
name: Belokurov, V.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Johnston, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Bullock & Johnston suite of simulations to study the density profiles of L*-type galaxy stellar haloes. Observations of the Milky Way and M31 stellar haloes show contrasting results: the Milky Way has a `broken' profile, where the density falls off more rapidly beyond ~ 25 kpc, while M31 has a smooth profile out to 100 kpc with no obvious break. Simulated stellar haloes, built solely by the accretion of dwarf galaxies, also exhibit this behavior: some haloes have breaks, while others don't. The presence or absence of a break in the stellar halo profile can be related to the accretion history of the galaxy. We find that a break radius is strongly related to the build up of stars at apocentres. We relate these findings to observations, and find that the `break' in the Milky Way density profile is likely associated with a relatively early (~ 6-9 Gyr ago) and massive accretion event. In contrast, the absence of a break in the M31 stellar halo profile suggests that its accreted satellites have a wide range of apocentres. Hence, it is likely that M31 has had a much more prolonged accretion history than the Milky Way.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication by ApJ
Recurrence is required to capture the representational dynamics of the human visual system
Creators: name: Kietzmann, Tim C.
name: Spoerer, Courtney J.
name: Sörensen, Lynn K. A.
name: Cichy, Radoslaw M.
name: Hauk, Olaf
name: Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: object recognition
subject: deep recurrent neural networks
subject: representational
subject: dynamics
subject: magnetoencephalography
subject: virtual cooling
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The human visual system is an intricate network of brain regions that enables us to recognize the world around us. Despite its abundant lateral and feedback connections, object processing is commonly viewed and studied as a feedforward process. Here, we measure and model the rapid representational dynamics across multiple stages of the human ventral stream using time-resolved brain imaging and deep learning. We observe substantial representational transformations during the first 300 ms of processing within and across ventral-stream regions. Categorical divisions emerge in sequence, cascading forward and in reverse across regions, and Granger causality analysis suggests bidirectional information flow between regions. Finally, recurrent deep neural network models clearly outperform parameter-matched feedforward models in terms of their ability to capture the multiregion cortical dynamics. Targeted virtual cooling experiments on the recurrent deep network models further substantiate the importance of their lateral and top-down connections. These results establish that recurrent models are required to understand information processing in the human ventral stream.
Augmenting intrinsic fenton-like activities of MOF-derived catalysts via N-molecule-assisted self-catalyzed carbonization
Creators: name: Yang, Chengdong
name: Zhou, Mi
name: He, Chao
name: Gao, Yun
name: Li, Shuang
name: Fan, Xin
name: Lin, Yi
name: Cheng, Fei
name: Zhu, Puxin
name: Cheng, Chong
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: carbon catalysts
subject: metal–organic-framework
subject: self-catalytic carbonization
subject: fenton-like reactions
subject: organic pollutions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: To overcome the ever-growing organic pollutions in the water system, abundant efforts have been dedicated to fabricating efficient Fenton-like carbon catalysts. However, the rational design of carbon catalysts with high intrinsic activity remains a long-term goal. Herein, we report a new N-molecule-assisted self-catalytic carbonization process in augmenting the intrinsic Fenton-like activity of metal–organic-framework-derived carbon hybrids. During carbonization, the N-molecules provide alkane/ammonia gases and the formed iron nanocrystals act as the in situ catalysts, which result in the elaborated formation of carbon nanotubes (in situ chemical vapor deposition from alkane/iron catalysts) and micro-/meso-porous structures (ammonia gas etching). The obtained catalysts exhibited with abundant Fe/Fe–Nx/pyridinic-N active species, micro-/meso-porous structures, and conductive carbon nanotubes. Consequently, the catalysts exhibit high efficiency toward the degradation of different organic pollutions, such as bisphenol A, methylene blue, and tetracycline. This study not only creates a new pathway for achieving highly active Fenton-like carbon catalysts but also takes a step toward the customized production of advanced carbon hybrids for diverse energy and environmental applications.
Alkaline And Thermal Inocula Pretreatments in Cheese Whey Anaerobic Digestion on Apparent Kinetics Parameters and Volatile Fatty Acids and Biogas Production
Creators: name: Mockaitis, Gustavo
name: Augusto de Oliveira Silva, Vitor
name: Gregor Weissbrodt, David
name: Giulianetti de Almeida, Maria Paula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400410
subject: Wastewater treatment processes
classificationCode: 300109
subject: Non-genetically modified uses of biotechnology

description: Cheese whey is a by-product of the dairy industry containing high organic load (50-60 g COD L-1). Although food and pharmaceutical industries technologies are able to recover this by-product into added-valueproducts, about 41.4% is still used as fertilizer, animal feed or discarded in water bodies. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective process for repurposing this share into volatile fatty acids (VFA) or biogas. This work studied the variables involved in the anaerobic digestion of cheese whey for both organic matter removal and biogas and volatile fatty acids production. The study used alkaline (at pH 8.0) and thermal (at 90 °C) pretreatments followed by initial pH corrections of 7 and 9. Carbohydrate rate consumption showed an average efficiency of 96%. This demonstrated that hydrolysis was not the limiting step in this anaerobic digestion. Thermal pre-treated inoculum with higher initial pH (T9) presented a more efficient organic matter removal (35%). Reactor T7 presented the most VFAs production with an accumulated production of 1,716 mg VFAs L-1. The present work can lead to the refinement of pre-treatment parameters for VFAs production using cheese whey as substrate, repurposing this largely available raw material from the dairy industry into more added-value products.
Structure of measures in Lipschitz differentiability spaces
Creators: name: Bate, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the equivalence of two seemingly very different ways of generalising Rademacher's theorem to metric measure spaces. One such generalisation is based upon the notion of forming partial derivatives along a very rich structure of Lipschitz curves in a way analogous to the differentiability theory of Euclidean spaces. This approach to differentiability in this generality appears here for the first time and by examining this structure further, we naturally arrive to several descriptions of Lipschitz differentiability spaces.
description: 61 pages. Fixed a technical error in section 6. Also tied up various parts of section 6
Hydrophobic but water-friendly: favorable water–perfluoromethyl interactions promote hydration shell defects
Creators: name: Robalo, João R.
name: Streacker, Louis M.
name: Oliveira, Denilson Mendes De
name: Imhof, Petra
name: Ben-Amotz, Dor
name: Verde, Ana Vila
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: water–perfluoromethyl interactions
subject: hydration shell defects
subject: hydrophobic
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: Although perfluorination is known to enhance hydrophobicity and change protein activity, its influence on hydration-shell structure and thermodynamics remains an open question. Here we address that question by combining experimental Raman multivariate curve resolution spectroscopy with theoretical classical simulations and quantum mechanical calculations. Perfluorination of the terminal methyl group of ethanol is found to enhance the disruption of its hydration-shell hydrogen bond network. Our results reveal that this disruption is not due to the associated volume change but rather to the electrostatic stabilization of the water dangling OH···F interaction. Thus, the hydration shell structure of fluorinated methyl groups results from a delicate balance of solute–water interactions that is intrinsically different from that associated with a methyl group.
Unraveling the origin of the apparent charge of zwitterionic lipid layers
Creators: name: Dreier, Lisa B.
name: Wolde-Kidan, Amanuel
name: Bonthuis, Douwe Jan
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Backus, Ellen H.G.
name: Bonn, Mischa
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: zwitterionic lipid layers
subject: apparent charge
subject: water molecules
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: The structure of water molecules in contact with zwitterionic lipid molecules is of great biological relevance, because biological membranes are largely composed of such lipids. The interaction of the interfacial water molecules with the amphiphilic lipid molecules drives the formation of membranes and greatly influences various processes at the membrane surface, as the field that arises from the aligned interfacial water molecules masks the charges of the lipid headgroups from the approaching metabolites. To increase our understanding of the influence of water molecules on biological processes we study their structure at the interface using sum-frequency generation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Interestingly, we find that water molecules at zwitterionic lipid molecules are mainly oriented by the field arising between the two oppositely charged molecular moieties within the lipid headgroups.
Noise effects in perfect transmission of quantum states
Creators: name: Benatti, Fabio
name: Floreanini, Roberto
name: Karimipour, Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent scheme for perfect transmission of quantum states through quasi-one dimensional chains requires application of global control at regular intervals of time. We study the effect of stochastic noise in this control and find that the scheme is robust for reasonable values of disorder. Both un-correlated and correlated noise in the external control are studied and it is remarkably found that the efficiency of the protocol is much higher in presence of correlated noise.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, the version to appear in Physical Review A
Large Scale Modular Quantum Computer Architecture with Atomic Memory and Photonic Interconnects
Creators: name: Monroe, C.
name: Raussendorf, R.
name: Ruthven, A.
name: Brown, K. R.
name: Maunz, P.
name: Duan, L. -M.
name: Kim, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The practical construction of scalable quantum computer hardware capable of executing non-trivial quantum algorithms will require the juxtaposition of different types of quantum systems. We analyze a modular ion trap quantum computer architecture with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to very large numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memories within a single register are accomplished using natural interactions between the qubits, and entanglement between separate registers is completed via a probabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, even over large distances. We show that this architecture can be made fault-tolerant, and demonstrate its viability for fault-tolerant execution of modest size quantum circuits.
Analysis of microseismicity framing ML > 2.5 earthquakes at The Geysers geothermal field, California
Creators: name: Bentz, Stephan
name: Martínez‐Garzón, Patricia
name: Kwiatek, Grzegorz
name: Dresen, Georg
name: Bohnhoff, Marco
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: induced seismicity
subject: earthquake nucleation
subject: The Geysers
subject: earthquake sequences
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Preparatory mechanisms accompanying or leading to nucleation of larger earthquakes have been observed at both laboratory and field scales, but conditions favoring the occurrence of observable preparatory processes are still largely unknown. In particular, it remains a matter of debate why some earthquakes occur spontaneously without noticeable precursors as opposed to events that are preceded by an extended failure process. In this study, we have generated new high‐resolution seismicity catalogs framing the occurrence of 20 ML > 2.5 earthquakes at The Geysers geothermal field in California. To this end, a seismicity catalog of the 11 days framing each large event was created. We selected 20 sequences sampling different hypocentral depths and hydraulic conditions within the field. Seismic activity and magnitude frequency distributions displayed by the different earthquake sequences are correlated with their location within the reservoir. Sequences located in the northwestern part of the reservoir show overall increased seismic activity and low b values, while the southeastern part is dominated by decreased seismic activity and higher b values. Periods of high injection coincide with high b values and vice versa. These observations potentially reflect varying differential and mean stresses and damage of the reservoir rocks across the field. About 50% of analyzed sequences exhibit no change in seismicity rate in response to the large main event. However, we find complex waveforms at the onset of the main earthquake, suggesting that small ruptures spontaneously grow into or trigger larger events.
title: Possibilities and Challenges of the EEA as an Option for the UK After Brexit
Creators: name: Petter Graver, Hans
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Brexit
subject: EEA Agreement
subject: sovereignty
subject: external relations
subject: association agreements
subject: homogeneity

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2016 1(3), 803-821
description: I. The EEA as an alternative post-Brexit? - II. Approaching the challenge of dynamic homogeneity. - III. Legislative sovereignty. - IV. Judicial sovereignty. - V. Changes in the EU Treaties. - VI. Conclusions.
description: During the period leading to the actual Brexit, the UK will have to negotiate new arrangements for its relations with the EU. To maintain access to the single market, the relations between the EU and the new third country need to be reciprocal and dynamic. A crucial question centres on how this can be achieved while retaining, on the part of the UK, as much sovereignty as possible. The EEA Agreement is an example of an institutional arrangement that seeks to obtain the participation in the single market of countries outside the EU's institutional arrangements. The article presents the solutions reached in that agreement and analyses some of the challenges that it poses.
Investigation of molecular alkali tetrafluorido aurates by matrix‐isolation spectroscopy
Creators: name: Redeker, Frenio A.
name: Ellwanger, Mathias A.
name: Beckers, Helmut
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: fluorine chemistry
subject: gold chemistry
subject: laser-ablation
subject: matrix-isolation spectroscopy
subject: quantum-chemical calculations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::546 Anorganische Chemie

description: Molecular alkali tetrafluorido aurate ion pairs M[AuF4] (M=K, Rb, Cs) are produced by co‐deposition of IR laser‐ablated AuF3 and MF in solid neon under cryogenic conditions. This method also yields molecular AuF3 and its dimer Au2F6. The products are characterized by their Au–F stretching bands and high‐level quantum‐chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/triple‐ζ level of theory. Structural changes in AuF4− associated with the coordination of the anion to different alkali cations are proven spectroscopically and discussed.
405 ANOS. O NOVO É O VELHO
Creators: name: Santana, José Cláudio Pavão
Publisher: name: Zenodo - Cadernos da Pena do Pavao
Year: 2023

description: Ano 05 – n. 11/2017
Queria te escrever uma declaração de amor daquelas em que o fervor da paixão escondesse as imperfeições. Contudo, não posso, nem devo. Exatamente por que te amo é que me dói admitir: não há muito a comemorar.
Eine Baumsargbestattung der Frühen Bronzezeit im Urnenfriedhof von Klein Hesebeck, Kr. Uelzen
Creators: name: Voss, K. L.
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 37 (1968): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Jungsteinzeitliche und ältereisenzeitliche Siedlungsschichten am Fundplatz Kapern Nr. 21, Kr. Lüchow-Dannenberg
Creators: name: Voss, K. L.
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 37 (1968): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
The crust in the pamir: Insights from receiver functions
Creators: name: Schneider, F. M.
name: Tilmann, F.
name: Yuan, X.
name: Schurr, B.
name: Mechie, J.
name: Sippl, C.
name: Kufner, S.‐K.
name: Ratschbacher, L.
name: Oimahmadov, I.
name: Gadoev, M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pamir
subject: receiver function
subject: Moho
subject: crustal thickness
subject: Vp/Vs ratio
subject: Poisson's ratio
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::910 Geografie, Reisen::910 Geografie, Reisen

description: The Cenozoic convergence between India and Asia has created Earth's thickest crust in the Pamir‐Tibet Plateau by extreme crustal shortening. Here we study the crustal structure of the Pamir and western Tian Shan, the adjacent margins of the Tajik, Tarim, and Ferghana Basins, and the Hindu Kush, using data collected by temporary seismic experiments. We derive, compare, and combine independent observations from P and S receiver functions. The obtained Moho depth varies from ~40 km below the basins to a double‐normal thickness of 65–75 km underneath the Pamir and Hindu Kush. A Moho doublet—with the deeper interface down to a depth of ~90 km—coincides with the arc of intermediate‐depth seismicity underneath the Pamir, where Asian continental lower crust delaminates and rolls back. The crust beneath most of the Central and South Pamir has a low Vp/Vs ratio (<1.70), suggesting a dominantly felsic composition, probably a result of delamination/foundering of the mafic rocks of the lower crust. Beneath the Cenozoic gneiss domes of the Central and South Pamir, which represent extensional core complexes, the Vp/Vs ratios are moderate to high (~1.75), consistent with the previously observed, midcrustal low‐velocity zones, implying the presence of crustal partial melts. Even higher crustal average Vp/Vs ratios up to 1.90 are found in the sedimentary basins and along the Main Pamir Thrust. The ratios along the latter—the active thrust front of the Pamir—may reflect fluid accumulations within a strongly fractured fault system.