cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: New technologies for high throughput genetic analysis of complex genomes
Creators: name: Gardiner, Laura-Jayne
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: High throughput sequencing can generate hundreds of millions of reads in a single day and is revolutionizing modern genetics. This project aimed to utilize next generation genetic approaches to analyze non-model but important agronomical plant species. A key feature of these species is their complexity. Mapping and SNP calling of these sequencing datasets is fundamental to many downstream analyses that have been implemented here including; mutant identification, comparative analyses between related organisms and epigenetic studies. The first objective in this project involved developing accelerated mutant identification techniques using mapping-by-sequencing analyses that combine whole genome sequencing with genetic mapping. Such methods have largely required a complete reference sequence and are typically implemented on a mapping population with a common mutant phenotype of interest. Here mutant identification was demonstrated on the model diploid plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a proof of principle of the methodology. It was also demonstrated on a simulated hexaploid mutant that was developed using the Arabidopsis reference genome. In species such as wheat, no finished genome reference sequence is available and, due to its large genome size (17 Gb), re-sequencing at sufficient depth of coverage is not practical. Therefore a genomic target enrichment approach was validated and used here to capture the gene rich regions of hexaploid bread wheat, reducing the sequencing cost while still allowing analysis of the majority of wheat’s genic sequence. A pseudo-chromosome based reference sequence was developed from this genic sequence with a long-range order of genes based on synteny of wheat with Brachypodium distachyon. Using the capture probe set for target enrichment followed by next generation sequencing; an early flowering locus was mapped in the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum and in hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum, the stripe rust resistance gene was located. A bespoke pipeline and algorithm was developed for mutant loci identification and the pseudo-chromosome reference was implemented. This novel method will allow widespread application of sliding window mapping-by-sequencing analyses to datasets that are; enriched, lacking a finished reference genome or polyploid. The second main objective of this project involved a study of methylation patterns in wheat utilizing sodium bisulfite treatment, combined with target enrichment. An enrichment system was specifically designed, developed, validated and implemented here to perform one of the first studies of methylation patterns in hexaploid bread wheat across the 3 genomes that used a genome-wide subset of genes and can thus be used to infer genome-wide methylation patterns and observations. This investigation confirmed that differential methylation exists between the A, B and D genomes of wheat and that temperature is capable of altering methylation states.
title: The effect of ownership level, concentration and owners’ identity on market liquidity in the UK capital market
Creators: name: Iskandrani, Majd Munir Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This study investigates the effects of ownership level, concentration and owners’ identity on stock market liquidity in the UK. The study also examines the effect of the recent financial crisis on the relationship between ownership level, concentration, owners’ identity and market liquidity in the UK. The sample includes 226 non-financial companies from the FTSE All-Share Index listed on the London Stock Exchange, over the period between 2003 and 2012. After controlling for two types of Endogeneity, i.e., simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity, through the application and use of a pooled OLS year and industry dummies, this study finds the evidence suggesting that ownership level, concentration and owners’ identity are important determinants of market liquidity in the UK. The results suggest that insider ownership and ownership concentration are negatively correlated with market liquidity. In contrast, institutional ownership has been identified as positively correlated with market liquidity. While analysing the effect of owners’ identity on market liquidity, it was revealed that executive and non-executive directors’ ownership both decrease market liquidity. The findings also suggest that the existence of controlled shareholders (i.e., investment banks, government, pension fund, and foreign ownership) have a negative impact on firms’ market liquidity. However, the presence of free float shareholders in a firm’s ownership structure has a positive impact on market liquidity. As a result, this study regards the free float shareholders as uninformed investors whereas controlled shareholders and insiders are regarded as informed investors because they have access to a firm’s private information. After considering the effect of financial crisis, it was revealed that both the insider ownership and ownership concentration insignificantly negatively affect market liquidity in the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods of the recent financial crisis. However, institutional ownership had a significantly positive impact on market liquidity during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. With respect to insider identity, both executive and non-executive directors’ ownership have a negative impact on market liquidity. Nevertheless, controlled shareholders (i.e., investment banks, government, employee, pension fund, foreign) ownership had an insignificantly negative impact on market liquidity, whereas free float shares had an insignificantly positive impact on market liquidity during the recent financial crisis. Keeping in mind the importance of market liquidity in the economy, it can be argued that the findings of this research have implications for the current and potential investors, policymakers and practitioners. As a result, the outcome of this study demands that firms should pay more attention to their ownership structure disclosure policy and improve quality of the disclosed information as much as possible.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Moderator of Sleep-Related Associations with Hippocampal Volume and Cognition
Creators: name: Alfini, Alfonso J.
name: Won, Junyeon
name: Weiss, Lauren R.
name: Nyhuis, Casandra C.
name: Zipunnikov, Vadim
name: Spira, Adam P.
name: Liu-Ambrose, Teresa
name: Shackman, Alexander J.
name: Smith, J. Carson
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: sleep
actigraphy
brain volume
heart rate recovery
aging

description: The objective of this study was to understand the associations of sleep and cardiorespiratory fitness with hippocampal volume and global cognition among older adults (n = 30, age = 65.8 years, female = 73.3%). Wrist actigraphy provided objective measures of nighttime sleep including sleep duration, average wake bout length (WBL; sleep disturbance), and wake-to-sleep transition probability (WTSP; sleep consolidation). Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified via cycle exercise using a modified heart rate recovery approach. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine hippocampal volume and the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess global cognition. Fitness moderated associations of sleep with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance, whereby the association of WBL—an index of poor sleep—with hippocampal atrophy was stronger among less-fit individuals, and the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance was stronger among more-fit individuals. Across the fitness levels, a longer WBL was associated with lower cognitive performance, and a higher WTSP—an index of more consolidated sleep—was associated with greater hippocampal volume. Sleep and fitness were unrelated to the volume of an amygdala control region, suggesting a degree of neuroanatomical specificity. In conclusion, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate sleep disturbance-related hippocampal atrophy and magnify the cognitive benefits of good sleep. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Psychophysiology EDA SCR Training
Creators: name: Dewe, Hayley
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cognition
Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified
Sensory processes, perception and performance
Learning, motivation and emotion
Memory and attention

description: Training guidelines and resources for measuring psychophysiological responses (namely: Electrodermal activity (EDA) - skin conductance responses (SCRs) using Biopac and AcqKnowledge software.
 Documents are suitable for teachers or learners who are conducting laboratory training placements (e.g., Level 3 undergraduate projects or Masters training placements).
 The guidelines provide information on data collection and analysis, as well as guidance on design, the EDA/SCR method, and tips for good practice.
L^{p}(μ)-L^{q}(ν) characterization for well localized operators
Creators: name: Vuorinen, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20

description: We consider a two weight $L^{p}(μ) \to L^{q}(ν)$-inequality for well localized operators as defined and studied by F. Nazarov, S. Treil and A. Volberg when $p=q=2$. A counterexample of F. Nazarov shows that the direct analogue of these results fails for for $p=q\not=2$. Here a new square function testing condition is introduced and applied to characterize the two weight norm inequality. The use of the square function testing condition is also demonstrated in connection with certain positive dyadic operators.
description: 16 pages. v2: Modified according to referee comments. Proof of the main theorem is now shorter and clearer. Accepted for publication in Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-015-9453-7
Combinatorial microRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles for Increased Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy
Creators: name: Pottash, Alex Eli
name: Levy, Daniel
name: Jeyaram, Anjana
name: Kuo, Leo
name: Kronstadt, Stephanie M.
name: Chao, Wei
name: Jay, Steven M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: exosomes
miRNA
inflammation
sepsis

description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic entities in part due to their potential to regulate multiple signaling pathways in target cells. This potential is derived from the broad array of constituent and/or cargo molecules associated with EVs. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) are commonly implicated as important and have been associated with a wide variety of EV-induced biological phenomena. While controlled loading of single miRNAs is a well-documented approach for enhancing EV bioactivity, loading of multiple miRNAs has not been fully leveraged to maximize the potential of EV-based therapies. Here, an established approach to extrinsic nucleic acid loading of EVs, sonication, was utilized to load multiple miRNAs in HEK293T EVs. Combinations of miRNAs were compared to single miRNAs with respect to anti-inflammatory outcomes in assays of increasing stringency, with the combination of miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223 found to have the most potential amongst the tested groups.
Unsichtbare Wunden: Sozialpädagogischer Ansatz für den Umgang mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen aufgrund von Traumatisierungen bei Kindern in stationären Einrichtungen
Creators: name: Bertschy, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit mit dem Titel «Unsichtbare Wunden – Sozialpädagogischer Ansatz für den Umgang mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen aufgrund von Traumatisierungen bei Kindern in stationären Einrichtungen» wurde von Nathalie Bertschy verfasst. Die Fachliteraturarbeit befasst sich mit den beiden Themenschwerpunkten «Trauma» und «herausfordernde Verhaltensweisen» bei Kindern in stationären Einrichtungen. Diesbezüglich werden die wesentlichen Grundlagen erarbeitet und es erfolgt eine Vorstellung von jeweils drei verschiedenen Ansätzen, welche im Anschluss daran miteinander verknüpft werden. Diese Vorgehensweise zielt darauf ab, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede aufzuzeigen und zu erörtern, inwiefern im Umgang mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen bei traumatisierten Kindern bei Sozialpädagog:innen Wissenslücken bestehen. Auf diesen Erkenntnissen basierend wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz entwickelt, welcher sowohl die herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen als auch die dahinterliegenden Traumatisierungen der Kinder berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die komplexen Bedürfnisse von Kindern in stationären Einrichtungen einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz erfordern. Dieser sollte sowohl Rahmenbedingungen auf mehreren Ebenen als auch verschiedene Elemente wie Sicherheit, Bindung, Empowerment und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit umfassen. Aus der Arbeit lässt sich mitunter die Schlussfolgerung ziehen, dass eine Verknüpfung der bestehenden Ansätze sowie des Wissens zu beiden Themen erforderlich ist, damit Sozialpädagog:innen den Bedürfnissen der traumatisierten Kinder mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen gerecht werden können.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
Täter-Opfer-Ausgleich aus der Perspektive der lebensweltorientierten Sozialen Arbeit: Eine Analyse der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Creators: name: Bettoni, Lisa
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die Restorative Justice (RJ) ist ein opferorientierter Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, die
Folgen einer Straftat im Beisein aller Betroffenen aufzuarbeiten. Ihre Etablierung und
Anwendung variieren weltweit stark. In der Schweiz wird die RJ weder häufig genutzt
noch ist sie im Erwachsenenstrafrecht gesetzlich verankert. Diese Arbeit untersucht
daher, wie die Soziale Arbeit zur erfolgreichen Umsetzung der RJ bzw. des Täter-Opfer-
Ausgleichs (TOA) beitragen kann. Beim TOA begegnen sich Täter*in und Opfer, meist in
Anwesenheit einer vermittelnden Person, was das bekannteste RJ-Verfahren darstellt.
Um die Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die Soziale Arbeit zu ermitteln, wurde der TOA
anhand der Struktur- und Handlungsmaximen des Konzepts der
Lebensweltorientierung analysiert. Als Grundlage dafür diente eine umfassende
Literaturrecherche zu beiden Themengebieten, inklusive internationaler Perspektiven
beim TOA. Die Recherche zeigte die uneinheitliche Praxis und die daraus
resultierenden Schwierigkeiten für statistische Erfassungen auf. Weiter wurde
ersichtlich, dass verbindliche Leitlinien für die Vermittlung im TOA fehlen und dass die
Schweiz bei der Anwendung im Vergleich zu ihren Nachbarländern wie Deutschland
oder Österreich weit zurückliegt. Dies kann jedoch als Chance gesehen werden, um
von deren Erfahrungen zu profitieren. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Literaturarbeit
unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zur gesellschaftlichen
Anerkennung des TOAs und die Notwendigkeit einer gesetzlichen Grundlage in der
Schweiz. Die Soziale Arbeit kann sich dafür einsetzen, dass der TOA vermehrt genutzt
und regelmässig evaluiert wird, um so seine Etablierung durch Erfahrungen in der
Praxis voranzutreiben.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
title: Role of short chain fatty acid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential involvement in appetite control
Creators: name: Weatherburn, Darren
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: The objective was to explore the role of GPR41 (FFAR3) and GPR43 (FFAR2) in colonic physiology and potential involvement in appetite control. The expression of SCFA receptors mRNA across the longitudinal axis of healthy mice, pig and human colon were found to be similar. Immunohistochemistry revealed FFAR2 and FFAR3 to be localised to flask shaped cells deep in colonic crypts and were identified as open type enteroendocrine cells by co-localisation with chromogranin A, a classical marker of enteroendocrine cells using both pig and human colon tissue. Further co-localisation studies with pig colonic tissue showed the SCFA receptors are co-localised with serotonin (enterochromaffin cells), and the satiety peptides, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), indicative of enteroendocrine L cells. Impact of dietary fibre was assessed using colonic tissue collected from pigs fed a fermentable carbohydrate diet were compared to a control diet of less fermentable carbohydrate. Results demonstrate steady state SCFA concentrations exist in the colonic lumen, explained by enhanced uptake of SCFA due to an increased expression of SCFA transporter (MCT1). Dietary fibre was found to have minimal impact on relative abundance of the SCFA receptors mRNA across the longitudinal axis of pig colon. However, evaluation of the satiety peptides, PYY and pro-glucagon (precursor of GLP-1) mRNA have revealed a statistical significant increase in PYY but not pro-glucagon mRNA. Subsequently, attention was focused toward use of in-vitro models to explore SCFA receptors in appetite control. Initial in-vitro experiments assessed activity profile of SCFA receptors and evaluated chemical tools used to differentiate between FFAR2 and FFAR3. Murine ‘GLUTag’ and human ‘NCI-H716’ in-vitro models of enteroendocrine ‘L cells’ were characterised and SCFA induced GLP-1 secretion evaluated. 10mM butyrate and 10μM 4-CMTB induced GLP-1 release. RNA interference was used in attempt to knockdown FFAR2 in NCI-H716 cells to evaluate SCFA sensor’s involvement in GLP-1 release. In summary, luminal SCFA may stimulate SCFA receptors of enteroendocrine cells releasing peptides; GLP-1, PYY or serotonin to co-ordinate gut motility and appetite.
title: MYCN-dependent expression of sulfatase-2 regulates neuroblastoma cells
Creators: name: Solari, Valeria
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in the first year of life. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Despite numerous advances and the well-demonstrated role of MYCN in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic function are not entirely understood and there is evidence that its function is, in part, dependent on the tumour microenvironment (TME). New and improved therapeutic targets are urgently required for this often lethal tumour. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) play a critical role in the interactions between tumour cells and the TME and their activities are dependent on the sulfation pattern, that is controlled by sulfotransferases, which add sulfate groups to the repeating disaccharide units, and sulfatases (SULFs), which selectively remove 6-O-sulfates. In this work an analysis of the expression of these enzymes in human neuroblastoma revealed higher levels of SULF2 specifically when the MYCN oncogene was amplified. Loss of expression of SULF2 in MYCN-amplified (A) cell lines was associated with a marked decrease in survival and an increase in apoptosis. Evidence is presented that SULF2 is a direct downstream target of MYCN since overexpression of MYCN in neuroblastoma cells increases SULF2 expression whereas a down regulation reduced SULF2 expression. Underlying the importance of SULF2 in neuroblastoma cell survival independently of MYCN, it is demonstrated that overexpression of SULF2 in MYCN-NA cells increases cell viability without increasing MYCN expression. Analysis of SULF2 protein expression in a large cohort of primary human neuroblastoma tumours also indicated a high level of expression in MYCN-A tumours and an almost complete absence of expression in MYCN-non A (NA) tumours. The data identify SULF2 as a new downstream target of MYCN and a key contributor to its oncogenic function in human neuroblastoma, which might have future implications for clinical therapies for high-risk NBL.
title: Fundamental domains for left-right actions in Lorentzian geometry
Creators: name: Bin Turki, Nasser
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: We consider tilde{G} = tilde{SU}(1, 1) = tilde{SL}(2,R). The aim of this thesis is to compute the fundamental domains for two series of groups of the form tilde{Gamma}_1 X tilde{Gamma}_2 acting on tilde{G} by left-right multiplication,i.e. (g, h) . x = gxh^{−1}, where tilde{Gamma}_1 and tilde{Gamma}_2 are discrete subgroups of tilde{G} of the same finite level and tilde{Gamma}_2 is cyclic. The level of a subgroup tilde{Gamma} in tilde{G} is defined as the index of the group tilde{Gamma} intersection with Z(tilde{G}) in the center Z(tilde{G}) =� Z. From computing the fundamental domain we can describe the biquotients tilde{Gamma}_1 \ tilde{G} / tilde{Gamma}_2 which are diffeomorphic to the links of certain quasihomogeneous Q-Gorenstein surface singularities, i.e. the intersections of the singular variety with suffi�ciently small spheres around the isolated singular point as shown in [16].
A Calibrated Lunar Microwave Radiative Transfer Model Based on Satellite Observations
Creators: name: Yang, Hu
name: Burgdorf, Martin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: radiative transfer model
lunar microwave brightness temperature
calibration

description: As a potential external calibration reference for spaceborne microwave sounding instruments, accurate and reliable information of lunar disk-averaged radiance at millimeter band are important and fundamental. Based on study for 2-D lunar scans of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on board the NOAA-20 satellite, the lunar radiance spectrum from 23 to 183 GHz at full moon phase has been reported in our previous work. In this study, the performance of a lunar microwave radiative transfer model (RTM) developed by Keihm was investigated (cited as Keihm model in this paper) . By taking the ATMS observations as the reference truth, the surface emissivity in the lunar RTM can be calibrated. The calibrated RTM model was then evaluated by independent satellite observation data sets from AMSU (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) and MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder) instruments on several NOAA satellites. Results show that with the calibrated model, significant improvement can be made to reduce the uncertainties in the lunar microwave RTM simulations at millimeter wavelengths.
title: Variational inequalities and optimization problems
Creators: name: Liu, Yina
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: The main purpose of this thesis is to study weakly sharp solutions of a variational inequality and its dual problem. Based on these, we present finite convergence algorithms for solving a variational inequality problem and its dual problem. We also construct the connection between variational inequalities and engineering problems. We consider a variational inequality problem on a nonempty closed convex subset of R^n. In order to solve this variational inequality problem, we construct the equivalence between the solution set of a variational inequality and optimization problems by using two gap functions, one is the primal gap function and the other is the dual gap function. We give properties of these two gap functions. We discuss su�cient conditions for the subdifferentiability of the primal gap function of a variational inequality problem. Moreover, we characterize relations between the G^ateaux differentiabilities of primal and dual gap functions. We also build some results for the Lipschitz and locally Lipschitz properties of primal and dual gap functions as well. Afterwards, several su�cient conditions for the relevant mapping to be constant on the solution set of a variational inequality has been obtained, including the relations between solution sets of a variational inequality and its dual problem as well as the optimal solution sets to gap functions. Based on these, we characterize weak sharpness of the solution set of a variational inequality by its primal gap function g and its dual gap function G. In particular, we apply error bounds of g, G and g + G on C. We also construct finite convergence of algorithms for solving a variational inequality by considering the convergence of a local projection. We carry out these results in terms of the weak sharpness of solution sets of a variational inequality as well as the error bounds of gap functions of a variational inequality problem.
Computational Mechanics of Input-Output Processes: Structured transformations and the $ε$-transducer
Creators: name: Barnett, Nix
name: Crutchfield, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Computational mechanics quantifies structure in a stochastic process via its causal states, leading to the process's minimal, optimal predictor---the $ε$-machine. We extend computational mechanics to communication channels between two processes, obtaining an analogous optimal model---the $ε$-transducer---of the stochastic mapping between them. Here, we lay the foundation of a structural analysis of communication channels, treating joint processes and processes with input. The result is a principled structural analysis of mechanisms that support information flow between processes. It is the first in a series on the structural information theory of memoryful channels, channel composition, and allied conditional information measures.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures; http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/et1.htm; Updated to conform to published version plus additional corrections and updates
title: Does the use of diagnostic language affect causal beliefs related to mental health in non-qualified nursing and care staff?
Creators: name: Bennett, Martin
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: Attitudes and beliefs about mental health difficulties have important implications for people experiencing these difficulties. Research suggests that stereotypes and stigmatising views held by the public impact on the internalisation of these beliefs by people developing mental health difficulties, delaying help-seeking (Clement et al., 2015). For over 50 years research with the general public has sought to identify correlates of negative beliefs about mental ill health (Nunnally, 1961; Schomerus et al., 2012), and this area of research is increasingly seeking to ascertain the views of mental health workers. Meta-analyses have combined data on the general public to offer summaries of this work and offer interpretations based on the whole body of evidence reporting changing opinions over time, and demographic variables linked with more positive and negative attitudes (Angermeyer & Dietrich, 2006), but to date, there have been no meta-analyses of the research regarding mental health workers attitudes and beliefs. Chapter one of this thesis is a critical review and meta-analysis of recent quantitative empirical literature exploring the impact of methodological differences on research into mental health workers’ beliefs about people with mental health problems. Recommendations are made for the use of validated measures and a standardised procedure for future research, to generate findings with clinical relevance. Aetiological beliefs have been widely researched with the general public because of a demonstrated link between biogenetic aetiology and stigmatising beliefs about people with mental health difficulties (Schomerus, Matschinger, & Angermeyer, 2014). These studies use vignettes as a method of creating a consistent reference without the use of diagnostic labels, which have been shown to influence aetiological beliefs in the general public (Angermeyer & Matschinger, 1996). Chapter two of this thesis aims to identify whether the presence of diagnostic labels correlates with higher rates of biogenetic causal beliefs than using unlabelled vignettes, with healthcare assistants and support workers in mental health services. This has implications for both the methodology of future research with mental health workers, and addresses the need to rethink the way that we communicate about mental health difficulties as health professionals.
Teaching with Fruit
Creators: name: Quinn, Nick
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics, business and management curriculum and pedagogy
Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development

description: This resource is a simple method for applying the Active Feedback approach using an object as a dissimilar resource comparison, in this case, a tangerine. Students are given a piece of fruit, or asked to imagine one, and then this is used to address a concept. In this example, it is the Business Model Canvas, but it could be used in a variety of topics where students need to understand depth, layers etc. Feedback from students is that this is fun exercise that make the key components of the topic memorable.
Bicycle Accessibility GIS Analysis for Bike Master Planning with a Consideration of Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) and Energy Consumption
Creators: name: McNally, Devin
name: Tillinghast, Rachel
name: Iseki, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: GIS
transportation
bicycle
traffic
energy consumption
transportation planning
bicycle infrastructure planning

description: Measuring the impact of bicycle infrastructure and other mobility improvements has been a challenge in the practice of transportation planning. Transportation planners are increasingly required to conduct complex analyses to provide supporting evidence for proposed plans and communicate well with both decision makers and the public. Cyclists experience two important factors on roads: (a) travel stress related to the built environment along with the traffic conditions and (b) changes in physical burden due to topography. This study develops a method that integrates an energy consumption calculation and “bicycling stress” score to take into account external conditions that influence cyclists substantially. In this method, the level of traffic stress (LTS) is used to select street segments appropriate for different comfort levels among cyclists and is combined with biking energy consumption, in addition to distance, which is used as travel impedance to consider the effects of slopes and street intersections. The integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis methods are used to evaluate bicycle infrastructure improvements in the coming years in Montgomery County, MD, USA. The analysis results demonstrated that the infrastructure improvements in the county’s bike master plan are well-targeted to improve bicycling accessibility. Furthermore, the use of energy as opposed to distance to generate bikeshed areas results in smaller bikesheds compared to distance-generated bikesheds. The method presented herein allows planners to characterize and quantify the impact of bicycle infrastructure and prioritize locations for improvements.
Partitioning, duality, and linkage disequilibria in the Moran model with recombination
Creators: name: Esser, Mareike
name: Probst, Sebastian
name: Baake, Ellen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D10, 60J28

description: The Moran model with recombination is considered, which describes the evolution of the genetic composition of a population under recombination and resampling. There are $n$ sites (or loci), a finite number of letters (or alleles) at every site, and we do not make any scaling assumptions. In particular, we do not assume a diffusion limit. We consider the following marginal ancestral recombination process. Let $S = \{1,...,n\}$ and $\mathcal A=\{A_1, ..., A_m\}$ be a partition of $S$. We concentrate on the joint probability of the letters at the sites in $A_1$ in individual $1$, $...$, and at the sites in $A_m$ in individual $m$, where the individuals are sampled from the current population without replacement. Following the ancestry of these sites backwards in time yields a process on the set of partitions of $S$, which, in the diffusion limit, turns into a marginalised version of the $n$-locus ancestral recombination graph. With the help of an inclusion-exclusion principle, we show that the type distribution corresponding to a given partition may be represented in a systematic way, with the help of so-called recombinators and sampling functions. The same is true of correlation functions (known as linkage disequilibria in genetics) of all orders. We prove that the partitioning process (backward in time) is dual to the Moran population process (forward in time), where the sampling function plays the role of the duality function. This sheds new light on the work of Bobrowski, Wojdyla, and Kimmel (2010). The result also leads to a closed system of ordinary differential equations for the expectations of the sampling functions, which can be translated into expected type distributions and expected linkage disequilibria.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
The Dislocation Mechanics of Crystal/Polycrystal Plasticity
Creators: name: Armstrong, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: dislocations
crystals
polycrystals
Hall-Petch relation
delayed yielding
constitutive relations
strain hardening
plastic instability
cleavage fracturing
fracture toughness

description: A brief history and update are given in four examples demonstrating that polycrystals are generally stronger than their individual component crystal grains because of obstructed dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries. The example cases constitute diverse applications of a Hall–Petch dependence involving one or another aspects of the full polycrystal stress–strain behavior: (1) a Hall–Petch based description for a compilation of delayed yielding measurements compiled for steel; (2) computations for an H-P grain size dependent, tensile, plastic instability behavior of copper; (3) an H-P relationship for the true maximum stress for the limit of uniform straining of aluminum; and (4) the onset of a ductile-to-brittle transition in steel cleavage fracturing measurements that are connected to the material fracture toughness properties.
D3.6. Time Analysis Service
Creators: name: Kotitsas, Sotiris
name: Grypari, Ioanna
name: Kountouris, George
name: Mastorakis, Stathis
name: Papageorgiou, Haris
name: Pappas, Dimitris
name: Stavropoulos, Petros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The IntelComp time analysis and trend detection service focuses on the dynamic analysis of the scientific literature, tracking the evolution of disciplines and capturing the emergent research areas or new topics and quantifying their trends. To this end, we automatically expand the Field of Science Taxonomy exploited by the IntelComp classifiers (documented in Deliverable D3.4) to a more fine-grained level by adding three additional levels (Level 4-Level 6) and provide a dynamic mechanism that properly adjusts the lower levels of the hierarchy as new research topics emerge.
Generalized Uncertainty Principle Corrections to the Simple Harmonic Oscillator in Phase Space
Creators: name: Das, Saurya
name: Robbins, Matthew P. G.
name: Walton, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute Wigner functions for the harmonic oscillator including corrections from generalized uncertainty principles (GUPs), and study the corresponding marginal probability densities and other properties. We show that the GUP corrections to the Wigner functions can be significant, and comment on their potential measurability in the laboratory.
description: minor revisions; included journal reference
“We’re Not Going to Overcome Institutional Bias by Doing Nothing”: Latinx/a/o Student Affairs Professionals as Advocates for Equity
Creators: name: Espino, Michelle M.
name: Ariza, Juanita
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Latinx/a/o
university administration
equity
racism
private universities
racialized organizations

description: Higher education institutions continue to be contested environments where the goals of equity and inclusion are often at odds with the permanence of institutional racism. Through a multi-case study of 19 Latinx/a/o mid-level administrators who worked at 16 predominantly white, private four-year universities, the authors uncovered the ways that (a) private universities grant agency to Latinx/a/o mid-level administrators to serve student needs but restrict agency to address the inequitable organizational structures; (b) constituent groups within private universities, namely faculty, mark the racialized boundaries of power and decision-making through credentialing; and (c) private universities use silence as a means of controlling Latinx/a/o mid-level professionals administrators’ equity work. Although Latinx/a/o mid-level administrators have a significant role to play in advancing equity work inside higher education institutions, these racialized organizations will create barriers that maintain whiteness and white interests. Without addressing power structures and the bureaucracy of decision-making at private institutions, progress on equity throughout the organizational structure may be limited. Implications for research and practice for Latinx/a/o/ administrators are discussed.
Embodied Carbon Emissions of the Residential Building Stock in the United States and the Effectiveness of Mitigation Strategies
Creators: name: Hu, Ming
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: embodied carbon emissions
residential building stock
mitigation strategies
archetypes
whole-building life cycle

description: According to the 2021 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction published by the United Nations Environment Programme, global carbon emissions from the building sector in 2019 were nearly 14 gigatons (Gt), representing 38% of total global carbon emissions, including 10% from building construction. In the United States, the largest knowledge gap regarding embodied carbon in buildings exists at the whole-building level. The first step in creating informative policy to reduce embodied carbon emissions is to map the existing building stock emissions and changes over time to understand the primary contributing building types and hot spots (states), and then to compare and analyze mitigation scenarios. To fill this knowledge gap, this study first developed a bottom-up model to assess the embodied carbon of the US residential building stock by using 64 archetypes to represent the building stock. Then, the embodied carbon characteristics of the current building stock were analyzed, revealing that the primary contributor was single-family detached (SD) houses. The results indicated that the exterior wall was a major contributor, and that small multifamily housing was the most embodied carbon-intense building type. Two scenarios, the baseline scenario and progressive scenario, were formed to evaluate the effectiveness of six mitigation strategies. The progressive scenario with all mitigation strategies (M1–M6) applied produced a total reduction of 33.13 Gt CO2eq (42%) in the cumulative residential building stock related to carbon emissions during 2022–2050, and a total reduction of 88.34 Gt CO2eq (80%) during 2022–2100. The results show that with an embodied carbon emissions reduction in the progressive scenario (42% by 2100), the total embodied carbon emissions comply with the carbon budget of a 2 °C pathway, but will exceed the budget for a 1.5 °C pathway.
Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Derive Neighborhood Built Environments from Google Street View Images and Examine Their Associations with Health Outcomes
Creators: name: Yue, Xiaohe
name: Antonietti, Anne
name: Alirezaei, Mitra
name: Tasdizen, Tolga
name: Li, Dapeng
name: Nguyen, Leah
name: Mane, Heran
name: Sun, Abby
name: Hu. Ming
name: Whitaker, Ross T.
name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: built environment
big data
GIS
computer vision
structural determinants of health
machine learning

description: Built environment neighborhood characteristics are difficult to measure and assess on a large scale. Consequently, there is a lack of sufficient data that can help us investigate neighborhood characteristics as structural determinants of health on a national level. The objective of this study is to utilize publicly available Google Street View images as a data source for characterizing built environments and to examine the influence of built environments on chronic diseases and health behaviors in the United States. Data were collected by processing 164 million Google Street View images from November 2019 across the United States. Convolutional Neural Networks, a class of multi-layer deep neural networks, were used to extract features of the built environment. Validation analyses found accuracies of 82% or higher across neighborhood characteristics. In regression analyses controlling for census tract sociodemographics, we find that single-lane roads (an indicator of lower urban development) were linked with chronic conditions and worse mental health. Walkability and urbanicity indicators such as crosswalks, sidewalks, and two or more cars were associated with better health, including reduction in depression, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Street signs and streetlights were also found to be associated with decreased chronic conditions. Chain link fence (physical disorder indicator) was generally associated with poorer mental health. Living in neighborhoods with a built environment that supports social interaction and physical activity can lead to positive health outcomes. Computer vision models using manually annotated Google Street View images as a training dataset were able to accurately identify neighborhood built environment characteristics. These methods increases the feasibility, scale, and efficiency of neighborhood studies on health.
Can You Do That Again? Time Series Consolidation as a Robust Method of Tailoring Gesture Recognition to Individual Users
Creators: name: Dankovich, Louis J.
name: Vaughn-Cooke, Monifa
name: Bergbreiter, Sarah
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: gesture recognition
machine learning
classification
wearable sensors
inter-set testing

description: Robust inter-session modeling of gestures is still an open learning challenge. A sleeve equipped with capacitive strap sensors was used to capture two gesture data sets from a convenience sample of eight subjects. Two pipelines were explored. In FILT a novel two-stage algorithm was introduced which uses an unsupervised learning algorithm to find samples representing gesture transitions and discards them prior to training and validating conventional models. In TSC a confusion matrix was used to automatically consolidate commonly confused class labels, resulting in a set of gestures tailored to an individual subject’s abilities. The inter-session testing accuracy using the Time Series Consolidation (TSC) method increased from a baseline inter-session average of 42.47 ± 3.83% to 93.02% ± 4.97% while retaining an average of 5.29 ± 0.46 out of the 11 possible gesture categories. These pipelines used classic machine learning algorithms which require relatively small amounts of data and computational power compared to deep learning solutions. These methods may also offer more flexibility in interface design for users suffering from handicaps limiting their manual dexterity or ability to reliably make gestures, and be possible to implement on edge devices with low computational power.
Coding and Noncoding Genes Involved in Atrophy and Compensatory Muscle Growth in Nile Tilapia
Creators: name: Ali, Ali
name: Shaalan, Walaa M.
name: Al-Tobasei, Rafet
name: Salem, Mohamed
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: tilapia
fasting-refeeding schedule
muscle atrophy
compensatory growth
hypertrophy

description: Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
title: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BIOFILMS AND QUORUM SENSING
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Alsulami, Mansoor
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Quorum sensing in bacteria is the process of cell to cell communication that allows individuals in a population to monitor the local density of similar cells. The switch from individual cell to collective behaviour is governed by the production of chemical signals called quorum sensing molecules (QSMs). As the level of QSMs experienced by individual cells exceeds a threshold, transcription of certain genes will be activated. Many collective processes are regulated by quorum sensing, such as luminescence, biofilm formation, and the secretion of virulence factors. In this thesis we will study the role of quorum sensing in the biofilm context. Bacterial biofilms are communities of millions of individual cells encased within a self-produced polymeric matrix. Biofilms are ubiquitous and can be found on solid or liquid surfaces. We will investigate the switch between two generic sub-populations within the biofilm; up regulated cells and down regulated cells. Up regulated cells are assumed to produce quorum sensing at a higher rate than down regulated cells. First we investigate well-mixed populations and show that there is a sensitive switch that activates transition between these the two subpopulations. Then, we investigate spatial effects on quorum sensing within a mature colony and reveal that a travelling wave of upregulation can occur through an existing cell population. Then, we investigate the possibility to have pattern formation within subpopulations of cells induced by quorum sensing. We establish that under standard assumptions Turing instability cannot occur. However, introducing non-linear diffusion of cells can generate patterns. Lastly, we investigate the interplay between the processes of chemotaxis and quorum sensing and show this system could generate stable patterns within the up and down regulated sub-populations.