Hainotinae Fassio, Bouchet, Schiaparelli & Oliverio 2023, SUBFAM. NOV.
Creators: name: Fassio, Giulia
name: Stefani, Matteo
name: Russini, Valeria
name: Buge, Barbara
name: Bouchet, Philippe
name: Treneman, Nancy
name: Malaquias, Manuel António E.
name: Schiaparelli, Stefano
name: Modica, Maria Vittoria
name: Oliverio, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Velutinidae

description: HAINOTINAE FASSIO, BOUCHET, SCHIAPARELLI & OLIVERIO SUBFAM. NOV.
(FIGS 2, 3, 4G, 6B)
Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: A356DC93-B469-4DC0-B075-ED51CAEBDAA4
Type genus: Hainotis F. Riedel, 2000.
Included genera: Hainotis F. Riedel, 2000, Mysticoncha J. K. Allan, 1936.
Description: Body of small to medium size, 0.5– 5.0 cm total length. Shell thin to very thin, weakly calcified, ear shaped, high spire, with expanded aperture, smooth, with or without growth lines, completely enclosed by the mantle. Periostracum thin to moderately developed and hairy.
Protoconch of 1.7–2.1 whorls; protoconch I of 0.6 whorls, smooth or with weak growth striations, nucleus diameter 86 µm; protoconch–teleoconch boundary not always distinct.
Mantle dome shaped, outline rounded or polygonal (low ridges dividing the mantle into six areas, from a raised hexagonal area at the centre of the dorsum); thin to thick; with anterior elongated siphonal fold; colour highly variable, almost transparent to white, grey, beige, yellow, orange, red, violet, brown or black, frequently patterned with dots and/or polygonal shape lines.
Penis and vas deferens unknown.
Radula taenioglossate, formula 2:1:1:1:2; rachidian tooth elongated, with rectangular base; rachidian cusp with two external denticles on each side; lateral teeth elongated, with a pointed external cusp, with one denticle on the internal side and two on the external side; marginals narrow, with one small denticle on the internal side.
Jaws elongated, with masticatory denticles.
Distribution: North-eastern Pacific (from Oregon to northern Mexico), South Australia, New Zealand; 0–45 m deep.
Remarks: This subfamily is represented in the phylogenetic tree only by specimens of Hainotis sharonae described from the coast of California (type locality: Anaheim Bay, Orange County, CA, USA; Willett, 1939). This lineage is diagnosed by its shell with a higher spire, a radular formula of 2:1:1:1:2 with elongated central and lateral teeth, and an elongated anterior siphonal fold.
Pending further molecular analysis, we suggest also including the genus Mysticoncha in this subfamily because its radular formula and shape, shell shape, siphon shape and temperate distribution (South Australia, Victoria and New Zealand) are consistent with those of the type genus, Hainotis.
description: Published as part of Fassio, Giulia, Stefani, Matteo, Russini, Valeria, Buge, Barbara, Bouchet, Philippe, Treneman, Nancy, Malaquias, Manuel António E., Schiaparelli, Stefano, Modica, Maria Vittoria & Oliverio, Marco, 2023, Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae, pp. 924-964 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4) on pages 949-950, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac091, http://zenodo.org/record/7814306