cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(1238) Edmond Walker Stead
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
How Do You Feel, Developer? An Explanatory Theory of the Impact of Affects on Programming Performance
Creators: name: Graziotin, Daniel
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Abrahamsson, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Affects---emotions and moods---have an impact on cognitive activities and the working performance of individuals. Development tasks are undertaken through cognitive processes, yet software engineering research lacks theory on affects and their impact on software development activities. In this paper, we report on an interpretive study aimed at broadening our understanding of the psychology of programming in terms of the experience of affects while programming, and the impact of affects on programming performance. We conducted a qualitative interpretive study based on: face-to-face open-ended interviews, in-field observations, and e-mail exchanges. This enabled us to construct a novel explanatory theory of the impact of affects on development performance. The theory is explicated using an established taxonomy framework. The proposed theory builds upon the concepts of events, affects, attractors, focus, goals, and performance. Theoretical and practical implications are given.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures. Postprint
Figures S1 - S3 from Forces and constraints controlling podosome assembly and disassembly.
Creators: name: Rafiq, Nisha Mohd
name: Grenci, Gianluca
name: Lim, Cheng Kai
name: Kozlov, Michael M.
name: Jones, Gareth E.
name: Viasnoff, Virgile
name: Bershadsky, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Podosomes are a singular category of integrin-mediated adhesions important in the processes of cell migration, matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion. Despite a wealth of biochemical studies, the effects of mechanical forces on podosome integrity and dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show that podosomes are highly sensitive to two groups of physical factors. First, we describe the process of podosome disassembly induced by activation of myosin-IIA filament assembly. Next, we find that podosome integrity and dynamics depends upon membrane tension and can be experimentally perturbed by osmotic swelling and deoxycholate treatment. We have also found that podosomes can be disrupted in a reversible manner by single or cyclic radial stretching of the substratum. We show that disruption of podosomes induced by osmotic swelling is independent of myosin-II filaments. The inhibition of the membrane sculpting protein, dynamin-II, but not clathrin, resulted in activation of myosin-IIA filament formation and disruption of podosomes. The effect of dynamin-II inhibition on podosomes was however independent of myosin-II filaments. Moreover, formation of organized arrays of podosomes in response to microtopographic cues (the ridges with triangular profile) was not accompanied by reorganization of myosin-II filaments. Thus, mechanical elements such as myosin-II filaments and factors affecting membrane tension/sculpting independently modulate podosome formation and dynamics, underlying a versatile response of these adhesion structures to intracellular and extracellular cues.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology’.
Analytic quasi-steady evolution of a marginally unstable wave in the presence of drag and scattering
Creators: name: Lestz, J. B.
name: Duarte, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1D bump-on-tail problem is studied in order to determine the influence of drag on quasi-steady solutions near marginal stability ($1-γ_d/γ_L\ll 1$) when effective collisions are much larger than the instability growth rate ($ν\gg γ$). In this common tokamak regime, it is rigorously shown that the paradigmatic Berk-Breizman cubic equation for the nonlinear mode evolution reduces to a much simpler differential equation, dubbed the time-local cubic equation, which can be solved directly. It is found that in addition to increasing the saturation amplitude, drag introduces a shift in the apparent oscillation frequency by modulating the saturated wave envelope. Excellent agreement is found between the analytic solution for the mode evolution and both the numerically integrated Berk-Breizman cubic equation and fully nonlinear 1D Vlasov simulations. Experimentally isolating the contribution of drag to the saturated mode amplitude for verification purposes is explored but complicated by the reality that the amount of drag can not be varied independently of other key parameters in realistic scenarios. While the effect of drag is modest when the ratio of drag to scattering $α/ν$ is very small, it can become substantial when $α/ν\gtrsim 0.5$, suggesting that drag should be accounted for in quantitative models of fast-ion-driven instabilities in fusion plasmas.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. I. Interaction via ordinary and anomalous cyclotron resonances
Creators: name: Lestz, J. B.
name: Gorelenkov, N. N.
name: Belova, E. V.
name: Tang, S. X.
name: Crocker, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conditions for net fast ion drive are derived for beam-driven, sub-cyclotron compressional (CAE) and global (GAE) Alfvén eigenmodes, such as those routinely observed in spherical tokamaks such as NSTX(-U) and MAST. Both co- and counter-propagating CAEs and GAEs are investigated, driven by the ordinary and anomalous Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance with fast ions. Whereas prior results were restricted to vanishingly narrow distributions in velocity space, broad parameter regimes are identified in this work which enable an analytic treatment for realistic fast ion distributions generated by neutral beam injection. The simple, approximate conditions derived in these regimes for beam distributions of realistic width compare well to the numerical evaluation of the full analytic expressions for fast ion drive. Moreover, previous results in the very narrow beam case are corrected and generalized to retain all terms in $ω/ω_{ci}$ and $k_\parallel/k_\perp$, which are often assumed to be small parameters but can significantly modify the conditions of drive and damping when they are non-negligible. Favorable agreement is demonstrated between the approximate stability criterion, simulation results, and a large database of NSTX observations of cntr-GAEs.
description: Part 1 of 2. 16 pages, 6 figures
MEASUREMENT OF LEADERSHIP AMONG AUTISTIC ADULTS
Creators: name: Roese, Kamille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: autism
leadership
ASD
social camouflage
self-efficacy
neurodiversity

description: As more neurodiverse adults pursue higher education and enter the workforce, autistic leaders such as Greta Thunberg, Charlotte Valeur, and Elon Musk have become prominent figures. Despite this, very little research has been done on leadership among autistic adults. In order to raise awareness of the ways in which autistic strengths could lend themselves well to leadership positions, the Autism Leadership Scale was developed. Both autistic and non-autistic participants were recruited to take this survey to determine what factors could be found as well as to assess its reliability. Additionally, they were asked to take assessments on self-efficacy and social camouflage to determine if these constructs may be related to leadership emergence. Two factors were identified in both groups, Justice and Work Ethic, suggesting that autistic and non-autistic individuals share similar views on leadership traits. Additionally, it was found that social camouflage could predict leadership emergence among autistic individuals. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that autistic individuals who are seeking or are currently in leadership positions may face unique barriers regardless of their competency.
Multitarget Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal-Cancer Screening
Creators: name: Itzkowitz, Steven H.
name: Imperiale, Thomas F.
name: Lidgard, Graham P.
name: Levin, Theodore R.
name: Ahlquist, David A.
name: Lavin, Philip
name: Berger, Barry M.
name: Ransohoff, David F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BACKGROUND An accurate, noninvasive test could improve the effectiveness of colorectal-cancer screening. METHODS We compared a noninvasive, multitarget stool DNA test with a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in persons at average risk for colorectal cancer. The DNA test includes quantitative molecular assays for KRAS mutations, aberrant NDRG4 and BMP3 methylation, and β-actin, plus a hemoglobin immunoassay. Results were generated with the use of a logistic-regression algorithm, with values of 183 or more considered to be positive. FIT values of more than 100 ng of hemoglobin per milliliter of buffer were considered to be positive. Tests were processed independently of colonoscopic findings. RESULTS Of the 9989 participants who could be evaluated, 65 (0.7%) had colorectal cancer and 757 (7.6%) had advanced precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas or sessile serrated polyps measuring ≥1 cm in the greatest dimension) on colonoscopy. The sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer was 92.3% with DNA testing and 73.8% with FIT (P=0.002). The sensitivity for detecting advanced precancerous lesions was 42.4% with DNA testing and 23.8% with FIT (P<0.001). The rate of detection of polyps with high-grade dysplasia was 69.2% with DNA testing and 46.2% with FIT (P=0.004); the rates of detection of serrated sessile polyps measuring 1 cm or more were 42.4% and 5.1%, respectively (P<0.001). Specificities with DNA testing and FIT were 86.6% and 94.9%, respectively, among participants with nonadvanced or negative findings (P<0.001) and 89.8% and 96.4%, respectively, among those with negative results on colonoscopy (P<0.001). The numbers of persons who would need to be screened to detect one cancer were 154 with colonoscopy, 166 with DNA testing, and 208 with FIT. CONCLUSIONS In asymptomatic persons at average risk for colorectal cancer, multitarget stool DNA testing detected significantly more cancers than did FIT but had more false positive results.
The role of the eROSITA all-sky survey in searches for sterile neutrino dark matter
Creators: name: Zandanel, Fabio
name: Weniger, Christoph
name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate for the first time the potential of angular auto- and cross-correlation power spectra in identifying sterile neutrino dark matter in the cosmic X-ray background. We take as reference the performance of the soon-to-be-launched eROSITA satellite. The main astrophysical background sources against sterile neutrino decays are active galactic nuclei, galaxies powered by X-ray binaries, and clusters of galaxies. While sterile neutrino decays are always subdominant in the auto-correlation power spectra, they can be efficiently enhanced when cross-correlating with tracers of the dark matter distribution such as galaxies in the 2MASS catalogues. We show that the planned four-years eROSITA all-sky survey will provide a large enough photon statistics to potentially yield very stringent constraints on the decay lifetime, enabling to firmly test the recently claimed 3.56-keV X-ray line found towards several clusters and galaxies and its decaying dark matter interpretation. However, we also show that in order to fully exploit the potential of eROSITA for dark matter searches, it is vital to overcome the shot-noise limitations inherent to galaxy catalogues as tracers for the dark matter distribution.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, version accepted by JCAP
(1234) Mary A Grange
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE DEAF SEEKING HEALTHCARE IN URGENT CARE
Creators: name: Kevin Foster
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Deaf
hard of hearing
communication
video remote interpreter
VRI
American Sign Language

description: Deaf and hard of hearing individuals have not attained equal access to healthcare as their hearing counterparts, although the federal government has created laws ensuring equal healthcare accessibility. Inadequate communication between healthcare professionals and the person who is Deaf and hard of hearing offers many hurdles for this population to overcome. With the increased cost of health care and limited Deaf interpreters, communication technology systems have emerged to help bridge the communication gaps. This paper aims to evaluate communication disparities between the Deaf and hard of hearing with their provider in urgent care and to encourage providers in their role as an agent of change. Based on the literature review, this project created and distributed a standard operations protocol, an online pre- and post-survey, a provider interpersonal communication/self-reflection/awareness instrument, and a two-minute video among providers. An overall increase in providers' response was noted, and their eagerness to discuss language barriers was achieved. The results indicated that providers want to work to change the communication disparities between patients who are Deaf or hard of hearing seeking healthcare. Although the sample size was limited, the results were encouraging.
(1235) Charlotte Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hybrid simulations of sub-cyclotron compressional and global Alfvén Eigenmode stability in spherical tokamaks
Creators: name: Lestz, J. B.
name: Belova, E. V.
name: Gorelenkov, N. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive numerical study has been conducted in order to investigate the stability of beam-driven, sub-cyclotron frequency compressional (CAE) and global (GAE) Alfvén Eigenmodes in low aspect ratio plasmas for a wide range of beam parameters. The presence of CAEs and GAEs has previously been linked to anomalous electron temperature profile flattening at high beam power in NSTX experiments, prompting further examination of the conditions for their excitation. Linear simulations are performed with the hybrid MHD-kinetic initial value code HYM in order to capture the general Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance that drives the modes. Three distinct types of modes are found in simulations -- co-CAEs, cntr-GAEs, and co-GAEs -- with differing spectral and stability properties. The simulations reveal that unstable GAEs are more ubiquitous than unstable CAEs, consistent with experimental observations, as they are excited at lower beam energies and generally have larger growth rates. Local analytic theory is used to explain key features of the simulation results, including the preferential excitation of different modes based on beam injection geometry and the growth rate dependence on the beam injection velocity, critical velocity, and degree of velocity space anisotropy. The background damping rate is inferred from simulations and estimated analytically for relevant sources not present in the simulation model, indicating that co-CAEs are closer to marginal stability than modes driven by the cyclotron resonances.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures
Figure S1: Comparison of the effects of osmotic swelling and deoxycholate treatment on podosomes from Forces and constraints controlling podosome assembly and disassembly
Creators: name: Rafiq, Nisha Mohd
name: Grenci, Gianluca
name: Lim, Cheng Kai
name: Kozlov, Michael M.
name: Jones, Gareth E.
name: Viasnoff, Virgile
name: Bershadsky, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: See manuscript for legend description of all Figures
(1236) Arthur John Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary figures and movies legends from Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus.
Creators: name: Krause, Marina
name: Yang, Feng Wei
name: Lindert, Mariska Te
name: Isermann, Philipp
name: Schepens, Jan
name: Maas, Ralph J.A.
name: Eid, Khouloud
name: Chandrasekhar Venkataraman
name: Lammerding, Jan
name: Anotida Madzvamuse
name: Wiljan Hendriks
name: Riet, Joost Te
name: Wolf, Katarina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Provided as separate document for all supplementary legends
Optimization of eigenstates and spectra for quasi-linear nonlinear optical systems
Creators: name: Lytel, Rick
name: Mossman, Sean M.
name: Kuzyk, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-one-dimensional quantum structures with spectra scaling faster than the square of the eigenmode number (superscaling) can generate intrinsic, off-resonant optical nonlinearities near the fundamental physical limits, independent of the details of the potential energy along the structure. The scaling of spectra is determined by the topology of the structure, while the magnitudes of the transition moments are set by the geometry of the structure. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the geometrical optimization of superscaling quasi-one-dimensional structures and provides heuristics for designing molecules to maximize intrinsic response. A main result is that designers of conjugated structures should attach short side groups at least a third of the way along the bridge, not near its end as is conventionally done. A second result is that once a side group is properly placed, additional side groups do not further enhance the response.
(1232) John Nelms Hawton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Pencina, Michael J.
name: Green, Jennifer B.
name: Kaufman, Keith D.
name: Engel, Samuel S.
name: Garg, Jyotsna
name: Buse, John B.
name: Suryawanshi, Shailaja
name: Van De Werf, Frans
name: Bethel, M. Angelyn
name: Josse, Robert
name: Standl, Eberhard
name: Peterson, Eric D.
name: Koglin, Joerg
name: Korn, Scott
name: Stein, Peter P.
name: Armstrong, Paul W.
name: Lachin, John M.
name: McGuire, Darren K.
name: Holman, Rury R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of acute pancreatitis (P=0.07) or pancreatic cancer (P=0.32).

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, adding sitagliptin to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, or other adverse events. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme; TECOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00790205.).
Higher order fermion effective polynomial interactions
Creators: name: Braghin, Fabio L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three different fermion effective potentials given by series of bilinears, $\sum_j^N (\barψ_a ψ_a)^{2^j}$ , $\sum_j^N (\barψ_a ψ_a)^{j}$ and also $\sum_j^N (\barψ_a γ_μψ_a)^{2j}$ where $a=1,...N_r$ and integer $j$ are investigated by introducing sets of auxiliary fields. A mininal procedure is adopted to deal with the auxiliary fields and an effective bosonized model in each case is found by assuming weak field fluctuations, i.e. weak enough when compared to (normalized) coupling constants. Different fermion condensates are considered for the ground state in the first two series analysed and the factorization of all higher order condensates into the lowest order one is found in most cases, i.e. in general $ \propto ^n$. For the case of the third series built with vector-type bilinears no condensation is assumed to occur. The corresponding (weak) scalar fields effective models for the three cases are expanded in polynomial interactions. The resulting low energy effective boson model may a exhibit new approximate symmetry depending on the terms present in the original series-model and on the values of the coupling constants.
description: Revised and extended version
Changepoint detection on a graph of time series
Creators: name: Hallgren, Karl L.
name: Heard, Nicholas A.
name: Turcotte, Melissa J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-09

description: When analysing multiple time series that may be subject to changepoints, it is sometimes possible to specify a priori, by means of a graph, which pairs of time series are likely to be impacted by simultaneous changepoints. This article proposes an informative prior for changepoints which encodes the information contained in the graph, inducing a changepoint model for multiple time series that borrows strength across clusters of connected time series to detect weak signals for synchronous changepoints. The graphical model for changepoints is further extended to allow dependence between nearby but not necessarily synchronous changepoints across neighbouring time series in the graph. A novel reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm making use of auxiliary variables is proposed to sample from the graphical changepoint model. The merit of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a changepoint analysis of computer network authentication logs from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), demonstrating an improvement at detecting weak signals for network intrusions across users linked by network connectivity, whilst limiting the number of false alerts.
(1233) Joseph Everatt Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Simultaneous measurements of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces using optical tweezers
Creators: name: Pesce, Giuseppe
name: Rusciano, Giulia
name: Zito, Gianluigi
name: Sasso, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein, charged microbeads handled with optical tweezers are used as a sensitive probe for simultaneous measurements of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces. We first determine the electric charge carried by a single bead by keeping it in a predictable uniform electric field produced by two parallel planar electrodes, then, we examine same bead's response in proximity to a tip electrode. In this case, besides electric forces, the bead simultaneously experiences non-negligible dielectrophoretic forces produced by the strong electric field gradient. The stochastic and deterministic motions of the trapped bead are theoretically and experimentally analysed in terms of the autocorrelation function. By fitting the experimental data, we are able to extract simultaneously the spatial distribution of electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces around the tip. Our approach can be used for determining actual, total force components in the presence of high-curvature electrodes or metal scanning probe tips.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The first nontrivial eigenvalue for a system of $p-$Laplacians with Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions
Creators: name: Del Pezzo, Leandro M.
name: Rossi, Julio D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We deal with the first eigenvalue for a system of two $p-$Laplacians with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. If $Δ_{p}w=\mbox{div}(|\nabla w|^{p-2}w)$ stands for the $p-$Laplacian and $\fracα{p}+\fracβ{q}=1,$ we consider $$ \begin{cases} -Δ_pu= λα|u|^{α-2} u|v|^β &\text{ in }Ω,\\ -Δ_q v= λβ|u|^α|v|^{β-2}v &\text{ in }Ω,\\ \end{cases} $$ with mixed boundary conditions $$ u=0, \qquad |\nabla v|^{q-2}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial ν}=0, \qquad \text{on }\partial Ω. $$ We show that there is a first non trivial eigenvalue that can be characterized by the variational minimization problem $$ λ_{p,q}^{α,β} = \min \left\{\dfrac{\displaystyle\int_Ω\dfrac{|\nabla u|^p}{p}\, dx +\int_Ω\dfrac{|\nabla v|^q}{q}\, dx} {\displaystyle\int_Ω |u|^α|v|^β\, dx} \colon (u,v)\in \mathcal{A}_{p,q}^{α,β}\right\}, $$ where $$ \mathcal{A}_{p,q}^{α,β}=\left\{(u,v)\in W^{1,p}_0(Ω)\times W^{1,q}(Ω)\colon uv\not\equiv0\text{ and }\int_Ω|u|^α|v|^{β-2}v \, dx=0\right\}. $$ We also study the limit of $λ_{p,q}^{α,β} $ as $p,q\to \infty$ assuming that $\fracα{p} \to Γ\in (0,1)$, and $ \frac{q}{p} \to Q \in (0,\infty)$ as $p,q\to \infty.$ We find that this limit problem interpolates between the pure Dirichlet and Neumann cases for a single equation when we take $Q=1$ and the limits $Γ\to 1$ and $Γ\to 0$.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Finding normal binary floating-point factors efficiently
Creators: name: Andrlon, Mak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1; G.1.m

description: Solving the floating-point equation $x \otimes y = z$, where $x$, $y$ and $z$ belong to floating-point intervals, is a common task in automated reasoning for which no efficient algorithm is known in general. We show that it can be solved by computing a constant number of floating-point factors, and give a fast algorithm for computing successive normal floating-point factors of normal floating-point numbers in radix 2. This leads to an efficient procedure for solving the given equation, running in time of the same order as floating-point multiplication.
description: 63 pages, 4 figures
Degeneracy and Discreteness in Cosmological Model Fitting
Creators: name: Teng, Huan-Yu
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the degeneracy and discreteness problems in the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM). We use the Observational Hubble Data (OHD) and the type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) data to study this issue. In order to describe the discreteness in fitting of data, we define a factor G to test the influence from each single data point and analyze the goodness of G. Our results indicate that a higher absolute value of G shows a better capability of distinguishing models, which means the parameters are restricted into smaller confidence intervals with a larger figure of merit evaluation. Consequently, we claim that the factor G is an effective way in model differentiation when using different models to fit the observational data.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted by RAA
Pair extended coupled cluster doubles
Creators: name: Henderson, Thomas M.
name: Bulik, Ireneusz W.
name: Scuseria, Gustavo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate and efficient description of strongly correlated systems remains an important challenge for computational methods. Doubly occupied configuration interaction (DOCI), in which all electrons are paired and no correlations which break these pairs are permitted, can in many cases provide an accurate account of strong correlations, albeit at combinatorial computational cost. Recently, there has been significant interest in a method we refer to as pair coupled cluster doubles (pCCD), a variant of coupled cluster doubles in which the electrons are paired. This is simply because pCCD provides energies nearly identical to those of DOCI, but at mean-field computational cost (disregarding the cost of the two-electron integral transformation). Here, we introduce the more complete pair extended coupled cluster doubles (pECCD) approach which, like pCCD, has mean-field cost and reproduces DOCI energetically. We show that unlike pCCD, pECCD also reproduces the DOCI wave function with high accuracy. Moreoever, pECCD yields sensible albeit inexact results even for attractive interactions where pCCD breaks down.
description: submitted manuscript
Supplementary figures and movies legends from Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus
Creators: name: Krause, Marina
name: Yang, Feng Wei
name: Lindert, Mariska Te
name: Isermann, Philipp
name: Schepens, Jan
name: Maas, Ralph J.A.
name: Eid, Khouloud
name: Chandrasekhar Venkataraman
name: Lammerding, Jan
name: Anotida Madzvamuse
name: Wiljan Hendriks
name: Riet, Joost Te
name: Wolf, Katarina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Provided as separate document for all supplementary legends
El símbolo de tanto: un paseo por Chipre
Creators: name: Pérez Caballero, Jesús
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Chipre
viaje
Grecia
Turquía
ensayo

description: «Una pequeña isla que resulta ser un país, apasionado por otro país llamado Grecia. Amor que ha dividido la isla en dos, porque Turquía, la potencia regional, no quería que los chipriotas se unificasen con los griegos. Como me dijo un amigo mexicano: “Los europeos sois los dignos herederos del Imperio Bizantino”. Está claro que para cualquiera que no haya vivido en este continente tamaño espejo que es Europa, la existencia de un país como Chipre es embarazosa. Y sí: a los europeos nos encanta discutir cuántos ángeles caben en el ojo de una aguja y después usar la aguja para sacar los ojos de la persona con la que discutimos. Hace ya un tiempo que visité Chipre y los recuerdos han sedimentado, sin la vaguedad de los ojos de cartón del turista. El viajero sólo se diferencia del turista en que cultiva su propia sombra. La alimenta como a un charco sin fondo. Allí lanza los libros que ha leído, a ver si crece algo».
description: Ensayo publicado en la revista digital «El Barrio Antiguo» (Monterrey, Nuevo León, México), núm. 77.
Low-energy Supersymmetry Breaking Without the Gravitino Problem
Creators: name: Hook, Anson
name: Murayama, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models of low-energy gauge mediation, the observed Higgs mass is in tension with the cosmological limit on the gravitino mass $m_{3/2} \lesssim 16$ eV. We present an alternative mediation mechanism of supersymmetry breaking via a $U(1)$ $D$-term with an $E_6$-inspired particle content, which we call "vector mediation". The gravitino mass can be in the eV range. The sfermion masses are at the 10 TeV scale, while gauginos around a TeV. This mechanism also greatly ameliorates the $μ$-problem.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
An Effective Hamiltonian Approach to Quantum Random Walk
Creators: name: Sarkar, Debajyoti
name: Paul, Niladri
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
name: Ghosh, Tarun Kanti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we present an effective Hamiltonian approach for Discrete Time Quantum Random Walk. A form of the Hamiltonian for one dimensional quantum walk has been prescribed, utilizing the fact that Hamiltonians are the generators of time translations. Then an attempt has been made to generalize the techniques to higher dimensions. We find that the Hamiltonian can be written as the sum of a Weyl Hamiltonian and a Dirac comb potential. The time evolution operator obtained from this prescribed Hamiltonian is in complete agreement with that of the standard approach. But in higher dimension we find that the time evolution operator is additive, instead of being multiplicative \cite{Chandrasekhar:2013SREP08229}. We showed that in case of two-step walk, effectively the time evolution operator can have multiplicative form. In case of a square lattice, quantum walk has been studied computationally for different coins and the results for both the additive and the multiplicative approaches have been compared. Using the Graphene Hamiltonian the walk has been studied on a Graphene lattice and we conclude the preference of additive approach over the multiplicative one.
Stark many-body localization transitions in superconducting circuits
Creators: name: Wang, Yong-Yi
name: Sun, Zheng-Hang
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical and experimental works have revealed a disorder-free many-body localization (MBL) in an interacting system subjecting to a linear potential, known as the Stark MBL. The conventional MBL, induced by disorder, has been widely studied by using quantum simulations based on superconducting circuits. Here, we consider the Stark MBL in two types of superconducting circuits, i.e., the 1D array of superconducting qubits, and the circuit where non-local interactions between qubits are mediated by a resonator bus. We calculate the entanglement entropy and participate entropy of the highly-excited eigenstates, and obtain the lower bound of the critical linear potential $γ_{c}$, using the finite-size scaling collapse. Moreover, we study the non-equilibrium properties of the Stark MBL. In particular, we observe an anomalous relaxation of the imbalance, dominated by the power-law decay $t^{-ξ}$. The exponent $ξ$ satisfies $ξ\propto|γ-γ_{c}|^ν$ when $γ<γ_{c}$, and vanishes for $γ\geq γ_{c}$, which can be employed to estimate the $γ_{c}$. Our work indicates that superconducting circuits are a promising platform for investigating the critical properties of the Stark MBL transition.
description: 9+7 pages, 10+7 figures, 2 tables
Sensitivity of string compressors and repetitiveness measures
Creators: name: Akagi, Tooru
name: Funakoshi, Mitsuru
name: Inenaga, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The sensitivity of a string compression algorithm $C$ asks how much the output size $C(T)$ for an input string $T$ can increase when a single character edit operation is performed on $T$. This notion enables one to measure the robustness of compression algorithms in terms of errors and/or dynamic changes occurring in the input string. In this paper, we analyze the worst-case multiplicative sensitivity of string compression algorithms, which is defined by $\max_{T \in Σ^n}\{C(T')/C(T) : ed(T, T') = 1\}$, where $ed(T, T')$ denotes the edit distance between $T$ and $T'$. For the most common versions of the Lempel-Ziv 77 compressors, we prove that the worst-case multiplicative sensitivity is upper bounded by a small constant, and give matching lower bounds. We generalize these results to the smallest bidirectional scheme $b$. In addition, we show that the sensitivity of a grammar-based compressor called GCIS is also a small constant. Further, we extend the notion of the worst-case sensitivity to string repetitiveness measures such as the smallest string attractor size $γ$ and the substring complexity $δ$, and show that the worst-case sensitivity of $δ$ is also a small constant. These results contrast with the previously known related results such that the size $z_{\rm 78}$ of the Lempel-Ziv 78 factorization can increase by a factor of $Ω(n^{1/4})$ [Lagarde and Perifel, 2018], and the number $r$ of runs in the Burrows-Wheeler transform can increase by a factor of $Ω(\log n)$ [Giuliani et al., 2021] when a character is prepended to an input string of length $n$. By applying our sensitivity bounds of $δ$ or the smallest grammar to known results (c.f. [Navarro, 2021]), some non-trivial upper bounds for the sensitivities of important string compressors and repetitiveness measures including $γ$, $r$, LZ-End, RePair, LongestMatch, and AVL-grammar are derived.
description: The journal version is superceded by this version (we added almost tight bounds for Bisection with insertions and deletions)
Brillouin Light Scattering from Quantized Spin Waves in Nanowires with Antisymmetric Exchange Interactions
Creators: name: Xu, Jun-Wen
name: Riley, Grant A.
name: Shaw, Justin M.
name: Nembach, Hans T.
name: Kent, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antisymmetric exchange interactions lead to non-reciprocal spin-wave propagation. As a result, spin waves confined in a nanostructure are not standing waves; they have a time-dependent phase, because counter-propagating waves of the same frequency have different wavelengths. We report on a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) study of confined spin waves in Co/Pt nanowires with strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI). Spin-wave quantization in narrow ($\lesssim 200$ nm width) wires dramatically reduces the frequency shift between BLS Stokes and anti-Stokes lines associated with the scattering of light incident transverse to the nanowires. In contrast, the BLS frequency shift associated with the scattering of spin waves propagating along the nanowire length is independent of nanowire width. A model that considers the chiral nature of modes captures this physics and predicts a dramatic reduction in frequency shift of light scattered from higher energy spin waves in narrow wires, which is confirmed by our experiments.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Dahlem - Berliner Domäne der Villen, der Bildung und der Wissenschaft
Creators: name: Derenbach, Rolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie

description: Im Vergleich zu anderen Villenkolonien, die seit 1890 im bevorzugten Südwesten des schnell expandierenden Berlins entstanden, weist Dahlem, das alte Rittergut seit 1840 im Besitz der preußischen Krone, zahlreiche Besonderheiten städtebaulicher Entwicklung auf. Nicht eine Terraingesellschaft oder ein Bankkonsortium war der Investor, sondern die Krone selbst, vertreten durch die „Königliche Kommission zur Aufteilung der Krondomäne Dahlem“. Sie erschloss seit 1900 das weite Ackerland auf der Grundlage eines ersten Aufteilungsplans mit einem strikt rechtwinkeligen Straßenschema (erstellt von Walter Kyllmann), das aber bald als traditionell-eintönig und als für eine Villenkolonie unangemessene Übertragung innerstädtischer Stadtentwicklung kritisiert wurde. Weg vom Prunk der wilhelminischen Villa zum intimen Landhaus nach englischen Vorbildern (Hermann Muthesius) und weg von einer allzu leblosen Geometrie der Straßenzüge und Plätze hin zu einer poetisch-kontrastreichen Anordnung (Camillo Sitte) waren die leitenden Motive der Neuerer. Um 1908 beschloss die Kommission den alten Plan fallen zu lassen, etwa ein Drittel der Gesamtfläche waren bereits erschlossen. Erstellt hat den zweiten Aufteilungsplan Herrmann Jansen, der - die naturgegebenen Unebenheiten als Parkstreifen belassend - diese Paradigmen kongenial umsetzen konnte. Zu dieser Zeit waren große Anteile als „für Staatsbauten vorgesehen“ umgewidmet worden, auf ihnen sollte - und wurde zum Teil - das „Berliner Oxford“ entstehen, die Forschungsvillen der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (heute Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis etwa Mitte der 1930er Jahre wurden Dahlems Parzellen vollständig bebaut, aber nicht im Stil des „Weimarer Siedlungsbaus“ wie in dem benachbarten Viertel um die Argentinische Allee, sondern in einem auf die sehr unterschiedlichen Wünsche der Bauherrn ausgerichteten Stil zwischen den Nachklängen des architektonischen Historismus und der neuen Sachlichkeit in mehr oder weniger deutlicher Anlehnung an den Bauhausstil. Weitere Staatsbauten, wie das Preußische Geheime Staatsarchiv kamen hinzu und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg die Institutsgebäude der Freien Universität auf dem ungenutzt gebliebenen Staatsgelände, darunter die damals Furore machende, als futuristisch empfundene „Rostlaube“. Dieses Dreieck aus Villen, Bildung und Wissenschaft auf der Grundlage der historischen, politischen und architektonischen Konjunkturen in seinem Entstehungsgang seit 1900 zu durchleuchten, ist das Thema der Studie. In einem Anhang werden Vorschläge dafür gemacht, wie das vielfältige Dahlem zu Fuß kennen gelernt werden kann.