cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis Implicates the p53 Signaling Pathway in the Establishment of HIV-1 Latency in Central Memory CD4 T Cells in an In Vitro Model
Creators: name: White, Cory H.
name: Richman, Douglas D.
name: Martins, Laura J.
name: Planelles, Vicente
name: Moesker, Bastiaan
name: Woelk, Christopher H.
name: Spina, Celsa A.
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Bosque, Alberto
name: Beliakova-Bethell, Nadejda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The search for an HIV-1 cure has been greatly hindered by the presence of a viral reservoir that persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Studies of HIV-1 latency in vivo are also complicated by the low proportion of latently infected cells in HIV-1 infected individuals. A number of models of HIV-1 latency have been developed to examine the signaling pathways and viral determinants of latency and reactivation. A primary cell model of HIV-1 latency, which incorporates the generation of primary central memory CD4 T cells (TCM), full-length virus infection (HIVNL4-3) and ART to suppress virus replication, was used to investigate the establishment of HIV latency using RNA-Seq. Initially, an investigation of host and viral gene expression in the resting and activated states of this model indicated that the resting condition was reflective of a latent state. Then, a comparison of the host transcriptome between the uninfected and latently infected conditions of this model identified 826 differentially expressed genes, many of which were related to p53 signaling. Inhibition of the transcriptional activity of p53 by pifithrin-α during HIV-1 infection reduced the ability of HIV-1 to be reactivated from its latent state by an unknown mechanism. In conclusion, this model may be used to screen latency reversing agents utilized in shock and kill approaches to cure HIV, to search for cellular markers of latency, and to understand the mechanisms by which HIV-1 establishes latency.
Crop physiology of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst. Nicolson)
Creators: name: Ravi, V.
name: Ravindran, C.S.
name: Suja, G.
name: George, James
name: Nedunzhiyan, M.
name: Byju, G.
name: Naskar, S.K.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst. Nicolson), syn. A. campanulatus (Roxb.) BL. exDence (also elephant foot yam) is largely cultivated in the Philippines, Java, Indonesia, Sumatra, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India and China. In India, it is cultivated in the states of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Jarkhand. Sree Padma, Gajendra, Sree Athira (a hybrid), Bidhan Kusum and NDA-9 are some of the high yielding Amorphophallus varieties released for cultivation. The corm production potential of this crop is 50-80 t ha-1 and net economic return is about 2000 – 3000 US$ per ha. Plant growth and corm yield is influenced by the size of planting material (corms/cormels/corm pieces), plant spacing, nutrient management and water availability. Nevertheless, the production aspect of this crop is less understood as scanty research has been conducted in this crop. The available literature on growth and productivity of elephant foot yam is briefly described in this article.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 25 No 1 (2011)
Generalised triple homomorphisms and Derivations
Creators: name: Garcés, Jorge J.
name: Peralta, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce generalised triple homomorphism between Jordan Banach triple systems as a concept which extends the notion of generalised homomorphism between Banach algebras given by Jarosz and Johnson in 1985 and 1987, respectively. We prove that every generalised triple homomorphism between JB$^*$-triples is automatically continuous. When particularised to C$^*$-algebras, we rediscover one of the main theorems established by Johnson. We shall also consider generalised triple derivations from a Jordan Banach triple $E$ into a Jordan Banach triple $E$-module, proving that every generalised triple derivation from a JB$^*$-triple $E$ into $E^*$ is automatically continuous.
Impact of drought on flowering, yield and quality parameters in diverse genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Creators: name: Sivakumar, R.
name: Srividhya, S.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2016

description: The effect of drought stress on flowering, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes was investigated under field conditions in rainout shelter. The drought condition was imposed on the first day after trans-planting based on field capacity of soil. Experimentation was undertaken with ten genotypes adopting Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and two treatments viz., 1.0 IW/CPE and 0.5 IW/CPE field capacity. As the stress increased from 100% field capacity to 50% field capacity, reductions in chlorophyll index, soluble protein con-tent, days to flower initiation, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, fruit volume, fruit diameter, yield and increased flower abscission percentage were noted. Significant increases in TSS and lycopene were observed under drought. The genotypes LE 118, LE 57 and LE 114 showed significantly less reduction in soluble protein content; SPS activ-ity and fruit yield during drought were considered as drought tolerant. Genotypes LE 1 and LE 125, which gave the lowest soluble protein content, SPS activity and ultimately poor yield, were considered as drought susceptible.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 30 No 1 (2016)
Realization problems for limit cycles of planar polynomial vector fields
Creators: name: Margalef-Bentabol, Juan
name: Peralta-Salas, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for any finite configuration of closed curves $Γ\subset \mathbb{R}^2$, one can construct an explicit planar polynomial vector field that realizes $Γ$, up to homeomorphism, as the set of its limit cycles with prescribed periods, multiplicities and stabilities. The only obstruction given on this data is the obvious compatibility relation between the stabilities and the parity of the multiplicities. The constructed vector fields are Darboux integrable and admit a polynomial inverse integrating factor.
description: 14 pages. New version: included extra references
Analysis of the effects of Glomus etunicatum fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescence bacteria symbiosis on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) under drought stress conditions
Creators: name: Shahsavar, A.R.
name: Refahi, A.
name: Zarei, M.
name: Aslmoshtaghi, E.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2016

description: To analyze the effects of Glomus etunicatum fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescence bacteria on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Mexican lime plant under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted. This experiment was based on a completely randomized design with three replicates; each replicate was composed of two pots. The factors used consisted of G. etunicatum fungi and control, Pseudomonas fluorescence bacteria and control, and drought stress at three levels (-0.35, -0.47, and -0.6 bars). The analyzed characteristics were leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, rate of net photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf relative water content (RWC), and percentage of root colonization. Data analysis revealed that both fungi and bacteria increased leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, and leaf RWC. Moreover, the presence of fungi reduced leaf temperature while inoculation of bacteria had no effects on that the parameter. In addition, with the increase of irrigation periods, leaf temperature and transpiration were also increased. Results showed that root colonization percentage dropped with increased irrigation and the highest root colonization percentage was observed in simultaneous inoculations of fungi and bacteria with a two-day irrigation period.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 30 No 1 (2016)
Managing Excess Lead Iodide with Functionalized Oxo‐Graphene Nanosheets for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Li, Guixiang
name: Hu, Yalei
name: Li, Meng
name: Tang, Ying
name: Zhang, Zuhong
name: Musiienko, Artem
name: Cao, Qing
name: Akhundova, Fatima
name: Li, Jinzhao
name: Prashanthan, Karunanantharajah
name: Yang, Fengjiu
name: Janasik, Patryk
name: Appiah, Augustine N. S.
name: Trofimov, Sergei
name: Livakas, Nikolaos
name: Zuo, Shengnan
name: Wu, Luyan
name: Wang, Luyao
name: Yang, Yuqian
name: Agyei‐Tuffour, Benjamin
name: MacQueen, Rowan W.
name: Naydenov, Boris
name: Unold, Thomas
name: Unger, Eva
name: Aktas, Ece
name: Eigler, Siegfried
name: Abate, Antonio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Excess Lead Iodide
subject: Operational Stability
subject: Oxo-Graphene Nanosheets
subject: Perovskite Photovoltaics
subject: Solar Cells
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Stability issues could prevent lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from commercialization despite it having a comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to silicon solar cells. Overcoming drawbacks affecting their long-term stability is gaining incremental importance. Excess lead iodide (PbI2) causes perovskite degradation, although it aids in crystal growth and defect passivation. Herein, we synthesized functionalized oxo-graphene nanosheets (Dec-oxoG NSs) to effectively manage the excess PbI2. Dec-oxoG NSs provide anchoring sites to bind the excess PbI2 and passivate perovskite grain boundaries, thereby reducing charge recombination loss and significantly boosting the extraction of free electrons. The inclusion of Dec-oxoG NSs leads to a PCE of 23.7 % in inverted (p-i-n) PSCs. The devices retain 93.8 % of their initial efficiency after 1,000 hours of tracking at maximum power points under continuous one-sun illumination and exhibit high stability under thermal and ambient conditions.
Is the weak field approximation suitable for the Mg II h & k lines?
Creators: name: Afonso Delgado, David
name: del Pino Alemán, Tanausú
name: Trujillo Bueno, Javier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Spectropolarimetry
Solar chromosphere
Solar magnetic fields
Solar transition region
Solar plages

description: In the last years the suborbital missions CLASP2 and CLASP2.1 successfully acquired unprecedented observations of the intensity and polarization spectrum of Mg II h and k. These two spectral lines are the strongest ones in the near-ultraviolet solar spectrum and are formed in the upper chromosphere, in the base of the transition region. In consequence, the Mg II lines have become one of the most outstanding diagnostic tools to investigate the magnetism in the upper chromosphere of the solar atmosphere. In this work we have performed radiative transfer calculations of the Mg II h and k lines in a radiative magneto-hydrodynamic (rMHD) simulation, which is representative of a solar plage region. We analyze the emergent Stokes profiles from one snapshot of the rMHD simulation to understand the effect that a complex temperature, velocity, and magnetic field stratification can have on their particular spectral features.
 Making use of the profiles at the model's resolution, we calculate a synthetic observation which imitates the spatial resolution of the CLASP-2 observations. With the help of the synthetic observation we study and prove the validity of the weak field approximation (WFA) applied to the Mg II h and k circular polarization profiles to infer the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the lower and upper chromosphere. We found that the asymmetries of the profile produced by the strong velocity gradients in the simulation complicate the magnetic field inference via the WFA. However, by carefully dividing the profile in smaller regions based on our knowledge of the formation of this doublet extracted from our simulations of the emergent polarization profiles, we show that the WFA can be applied even when the circular polarization profiles are the result of the generation and transfer of polarized radiation in an intricate thermal and dynamic structure with considerable variability of the magnetic field along the line of sight.
SALT3-NIR: Taking the Open-Source Type Ia Supernova Model to Longer Wavelengths for Next-Generation Cosmological Measurements
Creators: name: Pierel, J. D. R.
name: Jones, D. O.
name: Kenworthy, W. D.
name: Dai, M.
name: Kessler, R.
name: Ashall, C.
name: Do, A.
name: Peterson, E. R.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Siebert, M. R.
name: Barna, T.
name: Brink, T. G.
name: Burke, J.
name: Calamida, A.
name: Camacho-Neves, Y.
name: de Jaeger, T.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Fox, O. D.
name: Gomez, S.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Hounsell, R.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Jha, S. W.
name: Kwok, L. A.
name: Pérez-Fournon, I.
name: Poidevin, F.
name: Rest, A.
name: Rubin, D.
name: Scolnic, D. M.
name: Shirley, R.
name: Strolger, L. G.
name: Tinyanont, S.
name: Wang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large fraction of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) observations over the next decade will be in the near-infrared (NIR), at wavelengths beyond the reach of the current standard light-curve model for SN Ia cosmology, SALT3 ($\sim 2800$--8700$A$ central filter wavelength). To harness this new SN Ia sample and reduce future light-curve standardization systematic uncertainties, we train SALT3 at NIR wavelengths (SALT3-NIR) up to 2 $μ$m with the open-source model-training software SALTShaker, which can easily accommodate future observations. Using simulated data we show that the training process constrains the NIR model to $\sim 2$--3% across the phase range ($-20$ to $50$ days). We find that Hubble residual (HR) scatter is smaller using the NIR alone or optical+NIR compared to optical alone, by up to $\sim 30$% depending on filter choice (95% confidence). There is significant correlation between NIR light-curve stretch measurements and luminosity, with stretch and color corrections often improving HR scatter by up to $\sim20%$. For SN Ia observations expected from the \textit{Roman Space Telescope}, SALT3-NIR increases the amount of usable data in the SALT framework by $\sim 20$% at redshift $z\lesssim0.4$ and by $\sim 50$% at $z\lesssim0.15$. The SALT3-NIR model is part of the open-source {\tt SNCosmo} and {\tt SNANA} SN Ia cosmology packages.
Structure Group and Fermion-Mass-Term in General Nonlocality
Creators: name: Han, Lei
name: Wanng, Hai-Jhun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous work [J. Math. Phys. 49, 033513 (2008)] two problems remain to be resolved. One is that we lack a minimal group to replace GL(4,C), the other is that the Equation of Motion (EoM) for fermion has no mass term. After careful investigation we find these two problems are linked by conformal group, a subgroup of GL(4,C) group. The Weyl group, a subgroup of conformal group, can bring about the running of mass, charge etc. while making it responsible for the transformation of interaction vertex. However, once concerning the generation of the mass term in EoM, we have to resort to the whole conformal group, in which the generators $K_μ$ play a crucial role in making vacuum vary from space-like (or light-cone-like)to time-like. Physically the starting points are our previous conclusion, $\vec E^2-\vec B^2\neq 0$ for massive bosons, and the two-photon process yielding $e^+ e^-$ pair. Finally we get to the conclusion that the mass term of strong interaction is linearly relevant to (chromo-)magnetic flux as well as angular momentum.
description: 14 pages, no figure. Int.J.Theor.Phys.54 (2015)
A spatio-temporal assessment of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) evolution reveals a highly dynamic process within the host
Creators: name: Kline, Christopher
name: Hu, Shiu-Lok
name: Pennings, Pleuni S.
name: Petrov, Dmitri A.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Polacino, Patricia
name: Keele, Brandon F.
name: Ambrose, Zandrea
name: Feder, Alison F.
name: Cottrell, Mackenzie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The process by which drug-resistant HIV-1 arises and spreads spatially within an infected individual is poorly understood. Studies have found variable results relating how HIV-1 in the blood differs from virus sampled in tissues, offering conflicting findings about whether HIV-1 throughout the body is homogeneously distributed. However, most of these studies sample only two compartments and few have data from multiple time points. To directly measure how drug resistance spreads within a host and to assess how spatial structure impacts its emergence, we examined serial sequences from four macaques infected with RT-SHIVmne027, a simian immunodeficiency virus encoding HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), and treated with RT inhibitors. Both viral DNA and RNA (vDNA and vRNA) were isolated from the blood (including plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), lymph nodes, gut, and vagina at a median of four time points and RT was characterized via single-genome sequencing. The resulting sequences reveal a dynamic system in which vRNA rapidly acquires drug resistance concomitantly across compartments through multiple independent mutations. Fast migration results in the same viral genotypes present across compartments, but not so fast as to equilibrate their frequencies immediately. The blood and lymph nodes were found to be compartmentalized rarely, while both the blood and lymph node were more frequently different from mucosal tissues. This study suggests that even oft-sampled blood does not fully capture the viral dynamics in other parts of the body, especially the gut where vRNA turnover was faster than the plasma and vDNA retained fewer wild-type viruses than other sampled compartments. Our findings of transient compartmentalization across multiple tissues may help explain the varied results of previous compartmentalization studies in HIV-1.
V838 Mon: A slow waking up of Sleeping Beauty?
Creators: name: Liimets, T.
name: Kolka, I.
name: Kraus, M.
name: Eenmäe, T.
name: Tuvikene, T.
name: Augusteijn, T.
name: Amaral, L. Antunes
name: Djupvik, A. A.
name: Telting, J. H.
name: Deshev, B.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Kankare, J.
name: Lindberg, J. E.
name: Amby, T. M.
name: Pursimo, T.
name: Somero, A.
name: Thygesen, A.
name: Strøm, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. V838 Monocerotis is a peculiar binary that underwent an immense stellar explosion in 2002, leaving behind an expanding cool supergiant and a hot B3V companion. Five years after the outburst, the B3V companion disappeared from view, and so far did not recover. Aims. We investigate the changes in the light curve and spectral features Methods. A monitoring campaign has been performed during the past 13 years with the Nordic Optical Telescope to obtain optical photometric and spectroscopic data. The data sets are used to analyse the temporal evolution of the spectral features and the spectral energy distribution, and to characterize the object. Results. Our photometric data show a steady brightening in all bands during the past 13 years, which is particularly prominent in the blue. This rise is also reflected in the spectra, showing a gradual relative increase in the continuum flux at shorter wavelengths. In addition, a slow brightening of the Ha emission line starting in 2015 was detected. These changes might imply that the B3V companion is slowly reappearing. During the same time interval, our analysis reveals a considerable change in the observed colours of the object along with a steady decrease in the strength and width of molecular absorption bands in our low-resolution spectra. These changes suggest a rising temperature of the cool supergiant along with a weakening of its wind, most likely combined with a slow recovery of the secondary due to the evaporation of the dust and accretion of the material from the shell in which the hot companion is embedded. From our medium-resolution spectra, we find that the heliocentric radial velocity of the atomic absorption line of TiI 6556.06 A has been stable for more than a decade. We propose that TiI lines are tracing the velocity of the red supergiant in V838 Mon, and not representing the infalling matter as previously stated.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Wind-type outflows from black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070: the near infrared view
Creators: name: Sánchez-Sierras, Javier
name: Muñoz-Darias, Teo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) are stellar systems composed of an accreting black hole and a donor star. These are mostly transient objects, which sample largely different accretion regimes during their weeks-to-months long outbursts. The study of their wind-type outflows is a fundamental part in our understanding of black hole accretion, as winds can carry away significant amounts of mass and angular momentum. BHXB winds are detected in two flavours, the so-called hot and cold winds. Hot winds are revealed via X-ray spectroscopy and they are mostly detected during the soft state of the outburst, whereas cold winds are seen at optical wavelengths during the hard state. In this talk, I will present VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy of the BHXB MAXI J1820+070, showing that an accretion disc wind is detected during both hard and soft states in the near-infrared. This outflow exhibits the same kinetic properties that a hard-state optical wind previously discovered in the system, indicating that cold winds are most likely present during the entire outburst. These results open a new, exciting window to study black hole accretion disc winds in the infrared, which is particularly interesting considering the powerful ground- and space-based facilities coming along over the next years, such as ELT and the James Webb Space Telescope.
Deterministic Relativistic Quantum Bit Commitment
Creators: name: Adlam, Emily
name: Kent, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe new unconditionally secure bit commitment schemes whose security is based on Minkowski causality and the monogamy of quantum entanglement. We first describe an ideal scheme that is purely deterministic, in the sense that neither party needs to generate any secret randomness at any stage. We also describe a variant that allows the committer to proceed deterministically, requires only local randomness generation from the receiver, and allows the commitment to be verified in the neighbourhood of the unveiling point. We show that these schemes still offer near-perfect security in the presence of losses and errors, which can be made perfect if the committer uses an extra single random secret bit. We discuss scenarios where these advantages are significant.
Effects of crop method and harvest seasons on yield and quality of green asparagus under tunnel in southern Italy
Creators: name: Caruso, G.
name: Villari, G.
name: Borrelli, C.
name: Russo, G.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: A three-year study (2007-2009) was carried out on green asparagus under tunnel in Campania (southern Italy) with the purpose of verifying both the possibility to practise organic management and annual double harvest in order to extend the eco-compatible production period and to avoid expensive imports. Comparisons among eight experimental treatments were made. Treatments were obtained by factorial combination of two crop methods (conventional and organic) and four spring and summer harvest periods of 90-day total duration (75 days in spring plus 15 in summer; 60 days in spring plus 30 in summer; 45 days in spring plus 45 in summer; as a control, 90 days in spring), arranging a split plot design with three replicates. The conventional management led to the highest yield, as a consequence of the higher spear number per plant, while the organic management resulted in both spear calibre and mean weight increase. Organic spears showed a higher level of residues and sugars but a lower content of nitrate and fibre. The treatment with 75-day harvest in spring and 15 in summer proved the best double harvest combination, leading to the highest comprehensive yield (11.5 t·ha-1), not different from the control harvested only in spring for 90 days. Summer spears showed higher values of optical residue, glucose, fructose, vitamin C and some mineral nutrients; instead, spring spears attained lower nitrate and average fibre content. Asparagus annual double harvest revealed economically interesting results, but the profits are strictly related to the prices of summer spears, which were evidently higher in summer than in spring in the three years of research.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 26 No 2 (2012)
Entanglement in three-flavor collective neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Siwach, Pooja
name: Suliga, Anna M.
name: Balantekin, A. Baha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme conditions present in the interiors of the core-collapse supernovae make neutrino-neutrino interactions not only feasible but dominant in specific regions, leading to the non-linear evolution of the neutrino flavor. Results obtained when such collective neutrino oscillations are treated in the mean-field approximation deviate from the results using the many-body picture because of the ignored quantum correlations. We present the first three flavor many-body calculations of the collective neutrino oscillations. The entanglement is quantified in terms of the entanglement entropy and the components of the polarization vector. We propose a qualitative measure of entanglement in terms of flavor-lepton number conserved quantities. We find that in the cases considered in the present work, the entanglement can be underestimated in two flavor approximation. The dependence of the entanglement on mass ordering is also investigated. We also explore the mixing of mass eigenstates in different mass orderings.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Seasonal Prediction of Arabian Sea Marine Heatwaves
Creators: name: Koul, Vimal
name: Brune, Sebastian
name: Akimova, Anna
name: Düsterhus, André
name: Pieper, Patrick
name: Hövel, Laura
name: Parekh, Anant
name: Schrum, Corinna
name: Baehr, Johanna
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Arabian Sea
subject: Marine Heatwaves
subject: Seasonal Prediction
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Marine heatwaves are known to have a detrimental impact on marine ecosystems, yet predicting when and where they will occur remains a challenge. Here, using a large ensemble of initialized predictions from an Earth System Model, we demonstrate skill in predictions of summer marine heatwaves over large marine ecosystems in the Arabian Sea seven months ahead. Retrospective forecasts of summer (June to August) marine heatwaves initialized in the preceding winter (November) outperform predictions based on observed frequencies. These predictions benefit from initialization during winters of medium to strong El Niño conditions, which have an impact on marine heatwave characteristics in the Arabian Sea. Our probabilistic predictions target spatial characteristics of marine heatwaves that are specifically useful for fisheries management, as we demonstrate using an example of Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps).
Intriguing Revelations from Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron
Creators: name: Boesgaard, Ann Merchant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a report on some highlights of some research on the rare light elements, lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and boron (B), that I presented in my Henry Norris Russell Lecture in January, 2020. It is not a comprehensive review of work on these light elements, but contains sections on Big Bang nucleosynthesis of Li and the rarity of these light elements. It includes information on how they are observed, both historically and currently, and the difficulties entailed in determining their abundances. %It traces the evolution of these elements through the history of the Galaxy. The production of Li, Be, and B is ongoing so the youngest stars contain the most Li, and they have had less time to destroy it. All three elements are readily destroyed in stellar interiors, but have differing degrees of susceptibility to the particular nuclear fusion reactions which deplete their surface content. This feature makes them remarkably good probes into the otherwise unobservable interiors of stars. It also enhances the use of two or more of the three in sorting out the various processes at work in the insides of stars.
description: HENRY NORRIS RUSSELL PRIZE lecture. 25 pages, 20 figures. ApJ accepted
Dynamic X-Ray Vision in Mixed Reality
Creators: name: Guo, Hung-Jui
name: Bakdash, Jonathan Z.
name: Marusich, Laura R.
name: Prabhakaran, Balakrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: X-ray vision, a technique that allows users to see through walls and other obstacles, is a popular technique for Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR). In this paper, we demonstrate a dynamic X-ray vision window that is rendered in real-time based on the user's current position and changes with movement in the physical environment. Moreover, the location and transparency of the window are also dynamically rendered based on the user's eye gaze. We build this X-ray vision window for a current state-of-the-art MR Head-Mounted Device (HMD) -- HoloLens 2 by integrating several different features: scene understanding, eye tracking, and clipping primitive.
The influence of a non-pathogenic pseudomonas patida strain BTP1 on reproductive and dvelopment of grape phylloxera
Creators: name: Adam, A.
name: Makee, H.
name: Idris, I.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Some non-pathogenic rhizobacteria called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) possess the capacity to induce defense mechanisms effective in plant against pathogens. The effect of Pseudomonas putida BTP1 on reproduction and development of phylloxera, which infested the roots of our local grape variety “Balady”, was evaluated. Our results showed that the life table of grape phylloxera was different between treated and control plants. The percentage of matured females, developmental time, fecundity and oviposition period were reduced when plants were treated with bacteria. The results showed that the phylloxera resistance was influenced by root soaking duration in P. putida BTP1 suspension. The present study provides good information on the possibility of using Pseudomonas putida BTP1 to increase the resistance of grape to phylloxera.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 26 No 2 (2012)
Convexity, gauge-dependence and tunneling rates
Creators: name: Plascencia, Alexis D.
name: Tamarit, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clarify issues of convexity, gauge-dependence and radiative corrections in relation to tunneling rates. Despite the gauge dependence of the effective action at zero and finite temperature, it is shown that tunneling and nucleation rates remain independent of the choice of gauge-fixing. Taking as a starting point the functional that defines the transition amplitude from a false vacuum onto itself, it is shown that decay rates are exactly determined by a non-convex, false vacuum effective action evaluated at an extremum. The latter can be viewed as a generalized bounce configuration, and gauge-independence follows from the appropriate Nielsen identities. This holds for any election of gauge-fixing that leads to an invertible Faddeev-Popov matrix.
description: 26 pages. v2. Improved discussion addressing issues of convexity, and distinguishing between false and true vacuum functionals. v3. Published version. Structured into sections, expanded discussion on Jacobian
Training Neural Networks in Single vs Double Precision
Creators: name: Hrycej, Tomas
name: Bermeitinger, Bernhard
name: Handschuh, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The commitment to single-precision floating-point arithmetic is widespread in the deep learning community. To evaluate whether this commitment is justified, the influence of computing precision (single and double precision) on the optimization performance of the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method (a second-order optimization algorithm) and RMSprop (a first-order algorithm) has been investigated. Tests of neural networks with one to five fully connected hidden layers and moderate or strong nonlinearity with up to 4 million network parameters have been optimized for Mean Square Error (MSE). The training tasks have been set up so that their MSE minimum was known to be zero. Computing experiments have disclosed that single-precision can keep up (with superlinear convergence) with double-precision as long as line search finds an improvement. First-order methods such as RMSprop do not benefit from double precision. However, for moderately nonlinear tasks, CG is clearly superior. For strongly nonlinear tasks, both algorithm classes find only solutions fairly poor in terms of mean square error as related to the output variance. CG with double floating-point precision is superior whenever the solutions have the potential to be useful for the application goal.
Exploring a new linear combination approach to recover the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background emission.
Creators: name: I. Martínez Ocaña
name: C. H. López-Caraballo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: CMB
CSMs
HIT Fitting
SEA2022

description: The study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a powerful tool to study the primitive Universe. The detection of primordial B-modes is an important milestone in cosmology, because it would confirm the presence of gravitational waves in the primordial Universe generated in the inflationary epoch. Up to now, the B-modes induced by primordial gravitational waves remain undetected. In this context, the foreground emission of the Galaxy is a dominant element that limits the determination of the signal of interest. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of the galactic and extragalactic foregrounds is essential to clean and recover the primordial B-mode signal out of the CMB observations. In this poster, we present the implementation and testing of the HIT Fitting method (Hybrid Internal combination with Template Fitting). This is a new approach based on the internal linear combination (ILC) and internal template fitting (ITF) methods, which is devoted to recovering the CMB signal. In particular, we discuss their bias properties using multifrequency simulations of CMB experiments.
description: {"references": ["Eriksen H. K. et al. 2004, ApJ, 612, 633", "Fern\u00e1ndez-Cobos R. et al. 2012 , MNRAS, 420, 2162", "Fern\u00e1ndez-Cobos R. et al. 2016, MNRAS, 459, 441", "Hinshaw G. et al. 2007, ApJS, 170, 288", "L\u00f3pez-Caraballo, C. et al. 2019, BAAA, 61, 215", "Planck Collab. et al. 2020, A&A 641, A1", "Thorne B. et al. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 2821"]}
Production of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) in mountain areas: a comparative evaluation of two june-bearing cultivars
Creators: name: Giordani, E.
name: Petrucci, W.A.
name: Morelli, D.
name: Ferri, A.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Two uniferous strawberry cultivars, ‘Marmolada®Onebor’ and ‘Elsanta’, were tested in three experimental fields located at 1,200 m asl; phenological phases and fruit quality of first and second season crops were compared. Harvesting time in the first year crop occurred 40 days later than in the second season crop. Cultivar significantly affected fruit skin brightness and chroma index, flesh firmness, titratable acidity and yield in the first season crop; the experimental field location exerted a significant effect also on fruit weight and diameter, but not on total acidity. Fruit weight was higher in the second season crop, and ‘Marmolada®Onebor’ fruits (22.7 g) resulted heavier than those of ‘Elsanta’ (19.7 g). Total solid soluble content ranged from 7.4 to 8°Brix in ‘Elsanta’, compared to 6.2 to 7.4°Brix in ‘Marmolada®Onebor’. Neither diseases nor arthropod attacks were noticed on plants and fruits.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 26 No 2 (2012)
Dennstaedtia cornuta Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.
Creators: name: Schwartsburd, Pedro B.
name: Navarrete, Hugo
name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Kessler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtia
Dennstaedtia cornuta

description: Dennstaedtia cornuta (Kaulf.) Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 2: 260. 1864.
 Range:— Mountains from Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia (CO, LP, SC); southeastern Brazil.
 Ecology:— Fairly common; terrestrial in humid forests; 900–2450 m.
 Notes:— Tryon (1960) and Tryon & Tryon (1982) recognized D. cornuta (as D. dissecta) and D. dissecta (as D. obtusifolia) as closely related, but suggested that they might be a single variable species. The two species are clearly distinguishable by characters of the rhizomes and blades. The segment shape in young leaves of Dennstaedtia cornuta and D. dissecta is quite similar, and this was a reason for other authors to unite the two species; however, the differences in rhizomes (ascendant and stilt roots in D. cornuta) are constant, and so are the soral features of mature leaves (Navarrete & Øllgaard, 2000); these features are also useful in separating D. cornuta from D. obtusifolia.
description: Published as part of Schwartsburd, Pedro B., Navarrete, Hugo, Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVI. Dennstaedtiaceae, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13723580
Effects of silver nanoparticles on Tecomella undulate (Roxh.) Seem. Micropropagation
Creators: name: Aghdaei, M.
name: Salehi, H.
name: Sarmast, M.K.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Plant tissue culture is a reliable tool for conservation and multiplication of many plants, including medicinal plants. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is a plant native to tropical regions such as Iran, India and Pakistan; this precious plant which contains lapachol (a strong antiseptic used against jaundice) is an endangered species, therefore its conservation is of prime importance. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 mg l-1 alone or combined with 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on growth properties of T. undulata in aseptic condition. Thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations from 0.001 to 20 mg l-1 was used in proliferation medium of T. undulata single nodes; combinations of BAP (from 0.3 to 1.2 mg l-1), and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) were also used in callus production and in indirect bud regeneration media. Explants were surface sterilized using 10% Clorox for 7-8 minutes. Results indicated that adding of SNPs in MS medium increased the mean number of fresh shoots per explants (MNFS/E), the percentage of explants producing shoots (PEPS) and also plant survival, due to its action on ethylene blockage. TDZ at the concentration of 0.1 mg l-1 increased bud proliferation up to two buds per explants, however higher concentration inhibited growth and in some cases caused death of the explants.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 26 No 1 (2012)
Inner Habitable Zone Boundary for Eccentric Exoplanets
Creators: name: Ji, Xuan
name: Bailey, Nora
name: Fabrycky, Daniel
name: Kite, Edwin S.
name: Jiang, Jonathan H.
name: Abbot, Dorian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The climate of a planet can be strongly affected by its eccentricity due to variations in the stellar flux. There are two limits for the dependence of the inner habitable zone boundary (IHZ) on eccentricity: (1) the mean-stellar flux approximation ($S_{\mbox{IHZ}} \propto \sqrt{1-e^2}$), in which the temperature is approximately constant throughout the orbit, and (2) the maximum-stellar flux approximation ($S_{\mbox{IHZ}} \propto (1-e)^2$), in which the temperature adjusts instantaneously to the stellar flux. Which limit is appropriate is determined by the dimensionless parameter $Π= \frac{C}{BP}$, where $C$ is the heat capacity of the planet, $P$ is the orbital period, and $B=\frac{\partial Ω}{\partial T_s}$, where $Ω$ is the outgoing longwave radiation and $T_s$ is the surface temperature. We use the Buckingham $Π$ theorem to derive an analytical function for the IHZ in terms of eccentricity and $Π$. We then build a time-dependent energy balance model to resolve the surface temperature evolution and constrain our analytical result. We find that $Π$ must be greater than about $\sim 1$ for the mean-stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact and less than about $\sim 0.01$ for the maximum-stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact. In addition to assuming a constant heat capacity, we also consider the effective heat capacity including latent heat (evaporation and precipitation). We find that for planets with an Earth-like ocean, the IHZ should follow the mean-stellar flux limit for all eccentricities. This work will aid in the prioritization of potentially habitable exoplanets with non-zero eccentricity for follow-up characterization.
description: Accepted to ApJL
Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments
Creators: name: Sieg, Tobias
name: Kienzler, Sarah
name: Rözer, Viktor
name: Vogel, Kristin
name: Rust, Henning
name: Bronstert, Axel
name: Kreibich, Heidi
name: Merz, Bruno
name: Thieken, Annegret H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: decision support
subject: extreme events
subject: integrated flood risk management
subject: risk assessment
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Flood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field surveys: Data release II
Creators: name: Bacon, Roland
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Conseil, Simon
name: Maseda, Michael
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Wendt, Martin
name: Bacher, Raphael
name: Mary, David
name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: Boogaard, Leindert
name: Bouche, Nicolas
name: Contini, Thierry
name: Epinat, Benoit
name: Feltre, Anna
name: Guo, Yucheng
name: Herenz, Christian
name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
name: Kusakabe, Haruka
name: Leclercq, Floriane
name: Michel-Dansac, Leo
name: Pello, Roser
name: Richard, Johan
name: Roth, Martin
name: Salvignol, Gregory
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
name: Tresse, Laurence
name: Urrutia, Tanya
name: Verhamme, Anne
name: Vitte, Eloise
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
name: Zoutendijk, Sebastiaan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the second data release of the MUSE Hubble UDF surveys, which includes the deepest spectroscopic survey ever performed. The MUSE data, with their 3D content, amazing depth, wide spectral range, and excellent spatial and medium spectral resolution, are rich in information. This update of the first release incorporates a new 141-hour adaptive-optics-assisted MXDF field (1' diameter FoV) in addition to the reprocessed 10-hour mosaic (3'x3') and the single 31-hour deep field (1'x1'). We have securely identified and measured the redshift of 2221 sources, an increase of 41% compared to the first release. With the exception of 8 stars, the collected sample consists of 25 nearby galaxies (z < 0.25), 677 OII emitters (z=0.25-1.5), 201 galaxies in the MUSE redshift desert range (z=1.5-2.8), and 1308 LAEs (z=2.8-6.7). This represents an order of magnitude more redshifts than the collection of all spectroscopic redshifts obtained before MUSE in the Hubble UDF area (2221 vs 292). At z > 3, the difference is even more striking, with a factor of 65 increase (1308 vs 20). We compared the measured redshifts against three published photometric redshift catalogs and find the photo-z accuracy to be lower than the constraints provided by photo-z fitting codes. 80% of the galaxies have an HST counterpart. They are on average faint, with a median magnitude of 25.7 and 28.7 for the OII and Ly-alpha emitters, respectively. SED fits show that these galaxies tend to be low-mass star-forming galaxies, with a median stellar mass of 6.2 10**8 M and a median SFR of 0.4 M/yr. 20% of our catalog, or 424 galaxies, have no HST counterpart. The vast majority of these new sources are high EQW z>2.8 LAEs that are detected by MUSE thanks to their bright and asymmetric broad Ly-alpha line. We release advanced data products, specific software, and a web interface to select and download data sets.
description: 46 pages, 48 figures