cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. II. Stellar models and isochrones for an alpha-enhanced metal distribution
Creators: name: Pietrinferni, A.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Castelli, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We present a large, new set of stellar evolution models and isochrones for an alpha-enhanced metal distribution typical of Galactic halo and bulge stars; it represents a homogeneous extension of our stellar model library for a distribution already presented in Pietrinferni et al.(2004). The effect of the alpha-element enhancement has been properly taken into account in the nuclear network, opacity, equation of state and, for the first time, the bolometric corrections, and color transformations. This allows us to avoid the inconsistent use - common to all alpha-enhanced model libraries currently available - of scaled-solar bolometric corrections and color transformations for alpha-enhanced models and isochrones. We show how bolometric corrections to magnitudes obtained for the U,B portion of stellar spectra for T_{eff}<=6500K, are significantly affected by the metal mixture, especially at the higher metallicities. We also provide complete sets of evolutionary models for low-mass, He-burning stellar structures covering the whole metallicity range, to enable synthetic horizontal branch simulations. We compare our database with several widely used stellar model libraries from different authors, as well as with various observed color magnitude and color-color diagrams (Johnson-Cousins BVI and near infrared magnitudes, Stromgren colors) of Galactic field stars and globular clusters. We also test our isochrones comparing integrated optical colors and Surface Brightness Fluctuation magnitudes with selected globular cluster data. We find a general satisfactory agreement with the empirical constraints.
description: 46 pages, 20 figures, ApJ in press, the whole database presented in this paper can be foud at http://www.te.astro.it/BASTI/index.php
Rigorous Quantum Limits on Monitoring Free Masses and Harmonic Oscillators
Creators: name: Roy, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are heuristic arguments proposing that the accuracy of monitoring position of a free mass $m$ is limited by the standard quantum limit (SQL):$σ^2 (X(t)) \geq σ^2 (X(0)) +(t^2/m^2) σ^2 (P(0))\geq \hbar t/m$, where $σ^2 (X(t))$ and $σ^2 (P(t))$ denote variances of the Heisenberg representation position and momentum operators. Yuen discovered that there are contractive states for which this result is incorrect. Here I prove universally valid rigorous quantum limits (RQL) viz. rigorous upper and lower bounds on $σ^2 (X(t))$ in terms of $σ^2 (X(0))$ and $σ^2 (P(0))$ for a free mass, and for an oscillator. I also obtain the `maximally contractive' and `maximally expanding' states which saturate the RQL, and use the contractive states to set up an Ozawa-type measurement theory with accuracies respecting the RQL but beating the standard quantum limit. The Contractive states for oscillators improve on the Schrödinger coherent states of constant variance and may be useful for gravitational wave detection and optical communication.
description: 6 pages
Counting String Vacua
Creators: name: Zelditch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews recent work with M.R.Douglas and B. Shiffman on statistics of vacua in type IIb flux compactions of string/M theory.
description: Expository article for Proceedings of QMath9 conference. Reviews joint work with M. R. Douglas and B. Shiffman on statistics of vacua. Includes one formula for critical point density which does not appear in our other publications
Attenuation of inorganic arsenic and cadmium in rice grains using by-product iron materials from the casting industry combined with different water management practices
Creators: name: Aomi Suda
name: Makino, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: We examined the effect of two types of iron (Fe) material produced by the casting industry (spent steel shot [SSS] and residual iron material from steel shot production) on the mobility of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in soils. We also examined the uptake of these elements by rice plants (Oryza Sativa L.) under continuously flooded (CF) and water-saving (WS) cultivation. The application of both Fe materials (at 10 and 30 t ha‒1) strictly limited As mobilization in soils under CF cultivation. As a result, As uptake by rice plants declined, along with the total and inorganic As (iAs) concentration in rice grains. In comparison, As immobilization caused by the application of Fe material was less clear under WS cultivation. The rate of Fe material application was negatively correlated with As uptake by rice plants. It was also negatively correlated with total and iAs concentration in rice grains under both water management practices. The combination of applying Fe materials and WS cultivation decreased iAs concentration in rice grains to approximately one-fifth of that in rice grains produced from plants grown on soils without Fe material application under CF cultivation. CF cultivation strictly decreased dissolved Cd in soils, as well as Cd in rice grains with and without Fe material application. The application of Fe materials decreased Cd mobility and, hence, Cd uptake in rice plants, ultimately reducing the accumulation of Cd in rice grains under WS cultivation. Residual Fe material had a statistically greater effect at attenuating Cd accumulation in rice grains than SSS. The present study demonstrated the potential of combining by-product Fe material application and water management practices to attenuate iAs and/or Cd concentrations in rice grains. Practical countermeasures should be carefully adopted that consider the existing risks of iAs and Cd on each paddy field, and the combined effect of Fe material application and water management practices.
Development of the JUNO Conditions Data Management System
Creators: name: Hongmei Zhang
name: Jiaheng Zou
name: Qiumei Ma
name: Lin, Tao
name: Weidong Li
name: Wenhao Huang
name: Wenshuai Wang
name: Xiaomei Zhang
name: Xingtao Huang
name: Ziyan Deng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: (On behalf of the JUNO collaboration) Abstract: The JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) experiment is designed to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and precisely measure oscillation parameters with an unprecedented energy resolution of 3% at 1MeV. It is composed of a 20kton liquid scintillator central detector equipped with 18000 20" PMTs and 25000 3" PMTs, a water pool with 2000 20" PMTs, and a top tracker. Conditions data, coming from calibration and detector monitoring, are heterogeneous, different type of conditions data has different write rates, data format and data volume. JUNO conditions data management system (JCDMS) is developed to homogeneously treat all these heterogeneous conditions data in order to provide easy management and access with both Restful API and web interfaces, support good scalability and maintenance for long time running. we will present the status and development of JCDMS including the data model, workflows, interfaces, data caching and performance of the system.
One-loop effective action for SU(2) gauge theory on S^3
Creators: name: Heuvel, Bas van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effective theory for the low-energy modes of SU(2) gauge theory on the three-sphere. By explicitely integrating out the high-energy modes, the one-loop correction to the hamiltonian for this problem is obtained. We calculate the influence of this correction on the glueball spectrum.
description: 12p. latex, 3 PostScript figures included (epsf)
Decentralized and Recursive Identification for Cooperative Manipulation of Unknown Rigid Body with Local Measurements
Creators: name: Fan, Taosha
name: Weng, Huan
name: Murphey, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a fully decentralized and recursive approach to online identification of unknown kinematic and dynamic parameters for cooperative manipulation of a rigid body based on commonly used local measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper addressing the identification problem for 3D rigid body cooperative manipulation, though the approach proposed here applies to the 2D case as well. In this work, we derive truly linear observation models for kinematic and dynamic unknowns whose state-dependent uncertainties can be exactly evaluated. Dynamic consensus in different coordinates and a filter for dual quaternion are developed with which the identification problem can be solved in a distributed way. It can be seen that in our approach all unknowns to be identified are time-invariant constants. Finally, we provide numerical simulation results to illustrate the efficacy of our approach indicating that it can be used for online identification and adaptive control of rigid body cooperative manipulation.
description: 8 pages
Existence of positive solutions to a discrete fractional boundary value problem and corresponding Lyapunov-type inequalities
Creators: name: Chidouh, Amar
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 26D15, 39A12

description: We prove existence of positive solutions to a boundary value problem depending on discrete fractional operators. Then, corresponding discrete fractional Lyapunov-type inequalities are obtained.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is with journal Opuscula Mathematica, vol. 38, no. 1 (2018), ISSN 1232-9274, e-ISSN 2300-6919, available at [http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/OpMath]. Submitted 15-Nov-2016; Revised 31-May-2017; Accepted 18-June-2017
Probabilistic risk assessment of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration by integrating in vitro and in vivo toxicity with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Creators: name: Yi-Hsien Cheng
name: Riviere, Jim E.
name: Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.
name: Zhoumeng Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: This study aimed to conduct an integrated and probabilistic risk assessment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on recently published in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies coupled to a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Dose–response relationships were characterized based on cell viability assays in various human cell types. A previously well-validated human PBPK model for AuNPs was applied to quantify internal concentrations in liver, kidney, skin, and venous plasma. By applying a Bayesian-based probabilistic risk assessment approach incorporating Monte Carlo simulation, probable human cell death fractions were characterized. Additionally, we implemented in vitro to in vivo and animal-to-human extrapolation approaches to independently estimate external exposure levels of AuNPs that cause minimal toxicity. Our results suggest that under the highest dosing level employed in existing animal studies (worst-case scenario), AuNPs coated with branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) would likely induce ∼90–100% cellular death, implying high cytotoxicity compared to <10% cell death induced by low-to-medium animal dosing levels, which are commonly used in animal studies. The estimated human equivalent doses associated with 5% cell death in liver and kidney were around 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively. Based on points of departure reported in animal studies, the human equivalent dose estimates associated with gene expression changes and tissue cell apoptosis in liver were 0.005 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Our analyzes provide insights into safety evaluation, risk prediction, and point of departure estimation of AuNP exposure for humans and illustrate an approach that could be applied to other NPs when sufficient data are available.
Plan of the fort of El-Muwayh/Krokodilo
Creators: name: N. Martin, J.P. Brun
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Plan of the fort of El-Muwayh/Krokodilo after the MAFDO excavations
description: created: ?
Characterizing stellar populations in spiral disks
Creators: name: Molla, M.
name: Cantin, S.
name: Robert, C.
name: Pellerin, A.
name: Hardy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now possible to measure detailed spectral indices for stellar populations in spiral disks. We propose to interpret these data using evolutionary synthesis models computed from the Star Formation Histories obtained from chemical evolutionary models. We find that this technique is a powerful tool to discriminate between old and young stellar populations. We show an example of the power of Integral Field spectroscopy in unveiling the spatial distribution of populations in a barred galaxy.
description: 5 pages, to be published in "Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy", Eds. M. Kissler-Patig, M.M. Roth and J.R. Walsh (Springer-Verlag, ESO astrophysics symposia series)
ROOT I/O improvements for HEP analysis
Creators: name: Shadura, Oksana
name: Bockelman, Brian Paul
name: Canal, Philippe
name: Piparo, Danilo
name: Zhang, Zhe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: We overview recent changes in the ROOT I/O system, increasing performance and enhancing it and improving its interaction with other data analysis ecosystems. Both the newly introduced compression algorithms, the much faster Bulk I/O data path, and a few additional techniques have the potential to significantly to improve experiments' software performance. The need for efficient lossless data compression has grown significantly as the amount of HEP data collected, transmitted, and stored has dramatically increased during the LHC era. While compression reduces storage space and, potentially, I/O bandwidth usage, it should not be applied blindly: there are significant trade-offs between the increased CPU cost for reading and writing files and the reduce storage space. As ROOT I/O is responsible for providing serializing functionality for complex C++ objects, for example for physics reconstruction. At the same time, analysis workflows typically have simpler objects compared to reconstruction. This later case's performance can be improve by using the ROOT "bulk I/O" interface, allowing to access multiple events to be returned per one library call.
Nonholonomic Constraints with Fractional Derivatives
Creators: name: Tarasov, Vasily E.
name: Zaslavsky, George M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the fractional generalization of nonholonomic constraints defined by equations with fractional derivatives and provide some examples. The corresponding equations of motion are derived using variational principle.
description: 18 pages
Ensuring patients privacy in a cryptographic-based-electronic health records using bio-cryptography
Creators: name: Omotosho, Adebayo
name: Emuoyibofarhe, Justice
name: Meinel, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several recent works have proposed and implemented cryptography as a means to preserve privacy and security of patients health data. Nevertheless, the weakest point of electronic health record (EHR) systems that relied on these cryptographic schemes is key management. Thus, this paper presents the development of privacy and security system for cryptography-based-EHR by taking advantage of the uniqueness of fingerprint and iris characteristic features to secure cryptographic keys in a bio-cryptography framework. The results of the system evaluation showed significant improvements in terms of time efficiency of this approach to cryptographic-based-EHR. Both the fuzzy vault and fuzzy commitment demonstrated false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0%, which reduces the likelihood of imposters gaining successful access to the keys protecting patients protected health information. This result also justifies the feasibility of implementing fuzzy key binding scheme in real applications, especially fuzzy vault which demonstrated a better performance during key reconstruction.
Recording and reconstructing 10 billion unbiased B meson decays in CMS to probe lepton flavour universality
Creators: name: Bainbridge, Robert John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Measurements involving rare B meson decays by the LHCb and Belle Collaborations have revealed a number of anomalous results. Collectively, these anomalies are generating significant interest in the community, as they may be interpreted as a first sign of new physics in the lepton flavour sector. In 2018, the CMS experiment recorded an unprecedented data set containing the unbiased decays of 10 billion B mesons. These data allow attempts to measure the R_K, R_K*, and R_phi observables, which are considered to be theoretically robust and sensitive to a violation of lepton flavour universality. The accumulation, processing, and validation of this unprecedented data set was delivered with negligible impact on the core physics programme of CMS. Events were recorded with trigger rates in excess of 50 and 5 kHz at L1 and HLT, respectively, and a high average throughput of 2 GB/s. New algorithms have been developed to reconstruct and identify electrons with high efficiency at very low transverse momenta, as low as 0.5 GeV. These algorithms were validated using a pilot reconstruction campaign of O(10^9) events. The entire data set is currently being reconstructed and stored in the MINIAOD data format, along with a signal-enriched skim of events in the RAW data format that will aid the commissioning of the analysis techniques. We will review these activities, as well as future plans for Run 3.
Observational constraints on energetic particle diffusion in young SNRs: amplified magnetic field and maximum energy
Creators: name: Parizot, E.
name: Marcowith, A.
name: Ballet, J.
name: Gallant, Y. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraints on the diffusion and acceleration parameters in five young supernova remnants (SNRs) are derived from the observed thickness of their X-ray rims, as limited by the synchrotron losses of the highest energy electrons, assuming uniform and isotropic turbulence. It is shown that the magnetic field must be amplified up to values between 250 and 500 microGauss in the case of Cas A, Kepler, and Tycho, or ~ 100 microGauss in the case of SN 1006 and G347.3-0.5. The diffusion coefficient at the highest electron energy can also be derived from the data, by relating the X-ray energy cutoff to the acceleration timescale. Values typically between 1 and 10 times the Bohm diffusion coefficient are found to be required. We also find interesting constraints on the energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient. This favours diffusion regimes between the Kraichnan and the Bohm regime, and rejects turbulence spectrum indices larger than ~ 3/2. Finally, the maximum energy of the accelerated particles is found to lay between 10^13 and 5 10^13 eV for electrons, and around Z \times 8 10^14 eV at most for nuclei (or ~ 2.5 times less if a Bohm diffusion regime is assumed), roughly independently of the compression ratio assumed at the shock. Even by taking advantage of the uncertainties on the measured parameters, it appears very difficult for the considered SNRs in their current stage of evolution to produce protons up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum, at ~ 3 10^15 eV, and essentially impossible to accelerate Fe nuclei up to either the ankle at ~ 3 10^18 eV or the second knee at ~ 5 10^17 eV.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Expansion of a matter wave packet in a one-dimensional disordered potential in the presence of a uniform bias force
Creators: name: de Bellaistre, C Crosnier
name: Trefzger, C
name: Aspect, A.
name: Georges, A.
name: Sanchez-Palencia, L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the expansion dynamics of an initially confined quantum wave packet in the presence of a disordered potential and a uniform bias force. For white-noise disorder, we find that the wave packet develops asymmetric algebraic tails for any ratio of the force to the disorder strength. The exponent of the algebraic tails decays smoothly with that ratio and no evidence of a critical behavior on the wave density profile is found. Algebraic localization features a series of critical values of the force-to-disorder strength where the m-th position moment of the wave packet diverges. Below the critical value for the m-th moment, we find fair agreement between the asymptotic long-time value of the m-th moment and the predictions of diagrammatic calculations. Above it, we find that the m-th moment grows algebraically in time. For correlated disorder, we find evidence of systematic delocalization, irrespective to the model of disorder. More precisely, we find a two-step dynamics, where both the center-of-mass position and the width of the wave packet show transient localization, similar to the white-noise case, at short time and delocalization at sufficiently long time. This correlation-induced delocalization is interpreted as due to the decrease of the effective de Broglie wave length, which lowers the effective strength of the disorder in the presence of finite-range correlations.
Toxicity of mixtures of zinc oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles to aquatic organisms of different trophic level: particles outperform dissolved ions
Creators: name: Ye, Nan
name: Wang, Zhuang
name: Wang, Se
name: Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Concomitant releases of various engineered nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment have resulted in concerns regarding their combined toxicity to aquatic organisms. It is however, still elusive to distinguish the contribution to toxicity of components in NP mixtures. In the present study, we quantitatively evaluated the relative contribution of NPs in their particulate form (NP(particle)) and of dissolved ions released from NPs (NP(ion)) to the combined toxicity of binary mixtures of ZnO NPs and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GO NPs) to three aquatic organisms of different trophic levels, including an alga species (Scenedesmus obliquus), a cladoceran species (Daphnia magna), and a freshwater fish larva (Danio rerio). Our results revealed that the effects of ZnO NPs and GO NPs were additive to S. obliquus and D. magna but antagonistic to D. rerio. The relative contribution to toxicity (RCT) of the mixture components to S. obliquus decreased in the order of RCTGO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(ion), while the RCT of the mixture components to D. magna and D. rerio decreased in the order of RCTZnO NP(particle) > RCTGO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(ion). This finding also implies that the suspended particles rather than the dissolved Zn-ions dictated the combined toxicity of binary mixtures of ZnO NPs and GO NPs to the aquatic organisms of different trophic level. The alleviation of the contribution to toxicity of the ionic form of ZnO NPs was caused by the adsorption of the dissolved ions on GO NPs. Furthermore, the ZnO NP(particle) and GO NP(particle) displayed a different contribution to the observed mixture toxicity, dependent on the trophic level of the aquatic organisms tested. The difference of the contributions between the two particulate forms was mainly associated with differences in the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings highlight the important role of particles in the ecological impact of multi-nanomaterial systems.
The Spatial Politics of Art Organisations: Public Programmes as Sites of Cultural Citizenship
Creators: name: Gigante, Lucrezia
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2024

description: At a time in history when fundamental democratic institutions and processes are in question, this thesis investigates how innovative contemporary art organisations are forming and defining new forms of participation and interconnectedness. Past research in cultural policy, museum studies and critical urban geography have all identified new phenomena in place-based, socially-engaged placemaking; this thesis re-visits the neglected concept of cultural citizenship (CC). Despite generating a significant discourse at the level of regional and global cultural policy (from the Council of Europe to UNESCO), the concept of cultural citizenship is yet to produce a comprehensive critical model of public engagement for actual cultural organisations. Principally directed at Art Museum and Gallery Studies, and formed through significant empirical research, this thesis constructs such a model. The unique aspect of this study is how it locates the most effective processes of cultural citizenship formation in public programming. Empirical research on the spatial political positionality of art organisations, their cultural praxis and tactics for community-oriented engagement investigates the medium of public programmes — in the UK, Southern Europe and the Americas. Between Spring 2021 and Autumn 2022, twenty-one semi-structured interviews with art museum professionals were conducted. Approached through an original tripartite analytical framework, the analysis yielded substantive thematic parameters for effective public programming across three spheres: the spatial, the relational and the political. These were identified within ‘spatial scales’, ‘relational modalities’ and ‘political structures’. Taken together — the empirical study, the theoretical concept and discourse of cultural citizenship — a model emerges where place-based public programming is recognised as one of the most strategic means by which art organisations become sites of cultural citizenship, that is, post-national forms of political belonging and agency over one’s spatial-cultural context through situated and collective cultural practices.
A Spinorial Formulation of the Maximum Clique Problem of a Graph
Creators: name: Budinich, Marco
name: Budinich, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new formulation of the maximum clique problem of a graph in complex space. We start observing that the adjacency matrix A of a graph can always be written in the form A = B B where B is a complex, symmetric matrix formed by vectors of zero length (null vectors) and the maximum clique problem can be transformed in a geometrical problem for these vectors. This problem, in turn, is translated in spinorial language and we show that each graph uniquely identifies a set of pure spinors, that is vectors of the endomorphism space of Clifford algebras, and the maximum clique problem is formalized in this setting so that, this much studied problem, may take advantage from recent progresses of pure spinor geometry.
Correlation properties of quantum measurements
Creators: name: Busch, Paul
name: Lahti, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kind of information provided by a measurement is determined in terms of the correlation established between observables of the apparatus and the measured system. Using the framework of quantum measurement theory, necessary and sufficient conditions for a measurement interaction to produce strong correlations are given and are found to be related to properties of the final object and apparatus states. These general results are illustrated with reference to the standard model of the quantum theory of measurement.
description: 21 pages, to appear in J. Math. Phys
Squeezed Dirac and Topological Magnons in a Bosonic Honeycomb Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Owerre, S. A.
name: Nsofini, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information storage using charge-neutral quasiparticles are expected to play a crucial role in the future of quantum computers. In this regard, magnons or collective spin-wave excitations in solid-state materials are promising candidates in the future of quantum computing. Here, we study the quantum squeezing of Dirac and topological magnons in a bosonic honeycomb optical lattice with spin-orbit interaction by utilizing the mapping to quantum spin-$1/2$ XYZ Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice with discrete Z$_2$ symmetry and a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We show that the squeezed magnons can be controlled by the Z$_2$ anisotropy and demonstrate how the noise in the system is periodically modified in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of the model. Our results also apply to solid-state honeycomb (anti)ferromagnetic insulators.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Data Management and User Data Portal at CSNS
Creators: name: Tang, Ming
name: Junrong Zhang
name: Yakang Li
name: Du, Rong
name: Yan, Lili
name: Zhiyuan Wang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a large science facility, and it is public available to researchers from all over the world. The data platform of CSNS is aimed for diverse data and computing supports, the design philosophy behind is data safety, big-data sharing, and user convenience. In order to manage scientific data, a metadata catalogue based on ICAT is built to manage full life-time experiment metadata, from idea to publication. It is used as the data middleware, forms the basis of various data services. A multi-layered, distributed storage layout based on iRODS is adopted to store the data files, which enables the data virtualization and workflow automation. The digital object identifier (DOI) is applied to data itself to uniquely identify the data and to enable trace, interoperation and discovery of data. The web-based user data portal providers user with one-stop services for experiment information view, data search, retrieve, analysis and share in anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, a cloud analysis portal is developed based on Openstack, which enables user to utilize CSNS computing resources to handle data on demand.
Toxicity of mixtures of zinc oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles to aquatic organisms of different trophic level: particles outperform dissolved ions
Creators: name: Ye, Nan
name: Wang, Zhuang
name: Wang, Se
name: Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Concomitant releases of various engineered nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment have resulted in concerns regarding their combined toxicity to aquatic organisms. It is however, still elusive to distinguish the contribution to toxicity of components in NP mixtures. In the present study, we quantitatively evaluated the relative contribution of NPs in their particulate form (NP(particle)) and of dissolved ions released from NPs (NP(ion)) to the combined toxicity of binary mixtures of ZnO NPs and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GO NPs) to three aquatic organisms of different trophic levels, including an alga species (Scenedesmus obliquus), a cladoceran species (Daphnia magna), and a freshwater fish larva (Danio rerio). Our results revealed that the effects of ZnO NPs and GO NPs were additive to S. obliquus and D. magna but antagonistic to D. rerio. The relative contribution to toxicity (RCT) of the mixture components to S. obliquus decreased in the order of RCTGO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(ion), while the RCT of the mixture components to D. magna and D. rerio decreased in the order of RCTZnO NP(particle) > RCTGO NP(particle) > RCTZnO NP(ion). This finding also implies that the suspended particles rather than the dissolved Zn-ions dictated the combined toxicity of binary mixtures of ZnO NPs and GO NPs to the aquatic organisms of different trophic level. The alleviation of the contribution to toxicity of the ionic form of ZnO NPs was caused by the adsorption of the dissolved ions on GO NPs. Furthermore, the ZnO NP(particle) and GO NP(particle) displayed a different contribution to the observed mixture toxicity, dependent on the trophic level of the aquatic organisms tested. The difference of the contributions between the two particulate forms was mainly associated with differences in the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings highlight the important role of particles in the ecological impact of multi-nanomaterial systems.
A Theory of IP's Negative Space
Creators: Rosenblatt, Elizabeth L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Exclusive licenses
Exclusion, Right of
Intellectual property

description: Several recent case studies have explored industries in what Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman have described as intellectual property's "negative space": areas in which creation and innovation thrive without significant protection from intellectual property law. These include such diverse industries as fashion, cuisine, magic tricks, stand-up comedy, typefaces, open source software, sports, wikis, academic science and even roller derby pseudonyms. Most scholarship in the area has focused on case studies of particular industries and social movements that occupy IP's negative space. This Article looks deeper into the nature of IP's negative space itself, seeking a unifying theory of what makes a type of work well suited to IP's negative space. The emerging theory sheds light onto what may make a lack of protection preferable to protection for certain types of works and gives us a new tool for optimizing intellectual property law to promote creation and innovation.
Discovering New Variable Stars at Key Stage 3
Creators: name: Chubb, Katy
name: Hood, Rosie
name: Wilson, Thomas
name: Holdship, Jonathan
name: Hutton, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Details of the London pilot of the `Discovery Project' are presented, where university-based astronomers were given the chance to pass on some real and applied knowledge of astronomy to a group of selected secondary school pupils. It was aimed at students in Key Stage 3 of their education, allowing them to be involved in real astronomical research at an early stage of their education, the chance to become the official discoverer of a new variable star, and to be listed in the International Variable Star Index database, all while learning and practising research-level skills. Future plans are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Evaluation of the Peninsula Alcohol and Violence Programme (PAVP) with violent offenders
Creators: name: Hardy, Lorna
name: Josephy, Katherine
name: McAndrew, Amy
name: Hawksley, Phil
name: Hartley, Lucie
name: Hogarth, Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: There is clear experimental evidence for a causal link between alcohol misuse and violent behaviour. Treatments for alcohol misuse with offenders are therefore justified on the grounds that they may reduce violent behaviour and thus re-offending. The current paper tested whether a 10-session CBT intervention with offenders still in prison would produce improvements across three time points (pre, post and follow up) in self-reported alcohol expectancies, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and self-efficacy in managing alcohol use and violent behaviour. The programme focussed on educating participants on the relationship between alcohol use and violence, modifying unhelpful cognitions, and providing skills based training to manage potential triggers. Data from 49 offenders in prison were collected pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at three month follow up. Long term improvements (from pre- to post-intervention and follow up) were observed with respect to alcohol expectancies (in terms of sociability and liquid courage), impulsive responding to negative affect triggers, trait anger, and confidence in managing alcohol use and offending behaviour. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of the CBT programme in reducing harmful alcohol use and associated violence. Limitations and recommendations for future evaluation of the intervention are discussed.
Additional file 1 of An atherosclerotic plaque-targeted single-chain antibody for MR/NIR-II imaging of atherosclerosis and anti-atherosclerosis therapy
Creators: name: Zhang, Liwei
name: Xue, Sheng
name: Ren, Feng
name: Huang, Siyang
name: Zhou, Ruizhi
name: Wang, Yu
name: Zhou, Changyong
name: Li, Zhen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Phage ELISA of selected individual clones towards human atherosclerotic plaque. Figure S2. The absorption spectra of NaNdF4@NaGdF4 nanoparticles. Figure S3. The NIR-II fluorescence spectrum of NaNdF4@NaGdF4under 808 nm excitation. Figure S4. In vitro longitudinal relativity against concentration gradient of RE3+ (Nd3+ + Gd3+) ions of NaNdF4@NaGdF4. Figure S5. Concentration of Gd in urine at different time points. Figure S6. MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaque using NaNdF4@NaGdF4 and AFB1-NaNdF4@NaGdF4. Figure S7. Mice aorta transcriptome analysis after ASA6 treatment. Figure S8. Plasma LDL, CHO and TG levels in ApoE–/– mice when fed with normal diet. Figure S9. Plasma glucose (GLU) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in ApoE–/– control and ASA6 treated groups. Figure S10. Gene set enrichment analysis of lipid metabolism between ASA6-treated group and control group. Figure S11. iPath analysis of the differently expressed genes (DEGs) after ASA6 treatment. Table S1. Clinical characteristics of CAD patients who donated blood samples. Table S2. Sequences of the primers used for scFv phage display library construction. Table S3. Enrichment of specific recombinant phages to human atherosclerosis during panning cycles. Table S4. Sequences of the primers used for inflammatory cytokines qRT-PCR.
Effects of combining contingency management with behavioral activation for smokers with depression
Creators: name: González-Roz, Alba
name: Secades-Villa, Roberto
name: Alonso-Pérez, Fernando
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Few studies on Behavioral Activation (BA) have been conducted among smokers with depression and very scarce evidence on Contingency Management (CM) in this population exists. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) plus BA and the same treatment alongside CM on smoking abstinence and depression at the end of treatment. Method: A sample of 74 treatment-seeking smokers (78.4% female) were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions delivered in 90-minute sessions over 8 weeks: CBT + BA (n = 41), or CBT + BA + CM (n = 33). Depression was assessed through clinical interviews and using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Smoking abstinence was verified through both carbon monoxide and urinalyses. Results: A greater percentage of patients receiving CBT + BA + CM attended all treatment sessions than those in CBT + BA (93.5% vs 71.1%). Among the total sample, 67.6% gave up smoking at the end of treatment. Abstinence rates were equivalent for CBT + BA and CBT + BA + CM at post-treatment (63% vs 72.7%). Participants showed a statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms with no differences across treatments (CBT + BA: Mdn = 11, IQR = 5, 15 vs CBT + BA + CM: Mdn = 10, IQR = 5, 14). Conclusions: Findings support and expand previous evidence by showing that smokers with depression achieve high cessation rates without suffering negative mood changes. These results also offer a novel contribution by suggesting that BA and CM are promising interventions for this difficult to treat population. Additionally, research exploring long-term effects of both treatments is warranted.
The Roles of Attitude, Motivation, and Identity in Heritage Language Learning among Korean Americans
Creators: Kong, Grace
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Korean Americans--Ethnic identity
Language acquisition
Sociolinguistics
Heritage language speakers
Education
Language and languages

description: Much research has been conducted on learning English as an additional language both in the United States and around the world. However, there have been fewer studies focusing on heritage language learners (HLLs) who have already acquired English as their native tongue and are learning their heritage language as an L2, or second language (Joo, 2009). The rapidly growing number of language minority individuals who have turned their attention towards learning their heritage languages have led both secondary schools and universities to restructure their foreign language classes in order to better address the needs of HLLs (Jensen & Llosa, 2007). Who exactly are HLLs, and what defines them as such? What makes HLLs different from L2 learners? This paper will take a sociolinguistic and socio-psychological perspective on HLLs, with a particular focus on Korean Americans in the United States. How do attitude, motivation, and identity play a role in heritage language acquisition among Korean American learners? Do these socio-psychological factors affect one another in the learning process? What are the pedagogical implications for teachers and students?
Identity and Communities of Practice in Foreign Language Learning Contexts
Creators: Hourdequin, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Participation
Language and languages--Study and teaching--Social aspects
Second language acquisition--Research
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the new millennium, some second language acquisition (SLA) researchers have begun to conduct research from a perspective on learner development that foregrounds the effects of situational or environmental variables on the learning process. These researchers, according to Swain and Deters (2007), privilege a “participation” metaphor over the more traditional focus on “acquisition.” Important researchers in this tradition (e.g., Lantolf, 1994; Pierce, 1995; Duff & Uchida, 1997; Norton & Toohey, 2001) have drawn upon poststructuralist social theory, as well as Vygotsky’s (1978) earlier notions of learning situated in a zone of proximal development, to emphasize the influence of the learner’s environment in shaping learning behaviors, and consequently language learning outcomes.
Gentoo Prefix as a physics software manager
Creators: name: Benda Xu
name: Amadio, Guilherme
name: Groffen, Fabian
name: Haubenwallner, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In big physics experiments, as simulation, reconstruction and analysis become more sophisticated, scientific reproducibility is not a trivial task. Software is one of the biggest challenges. Modularity is a common sense of software engineering to facilitate quality and reusability of code. However, that often introduces nested dependencies not obvious for physicists to work with. Package manager is the widely practised solution to organize dependencies systematically. Portage from Gentoo Linux is both robust and flexible, and is highly regarded by the free operating system community. In form of Gentoo Prefix, portage can be deployed by a normal user into a directory prefix, on a workstation, cloud or supercomputing node. Software is described by its build recipes along with dependency relations. Real world use cases of Gentoo Prefix in neutrino and dark matter experiments will be demonstrated, to show how physicists could benefit from existing tools of proven superiority to guarantee reproducibility in simulation, reconstruction and analysis of big physics experiments.