cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simulation of plasma emission in magnetized plasmas
Creators: name: Lee, Sang-Yun
name: Yoon, Peter H.
name: Lee, Ensang
name: Tu, Weichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of type III radio bursts show that the effects of finite background magnetic field can be an important factor in the interpretation of data. In the present paper, the effects of background magnetic field on the plasma emission process, which is believed to be the main emission mechanism for solar coronal and interplanetary type III radio bursts, are investigated by means of the particle-in-cell simulation method. The effects of ambient magnetic field are systematically surveyed by varying the ratio of plasma frequency to electron gyro-frequency. The present study shows that for a sufficiently strong ambient magnetic field, the wave-particle interaction processes lead to a highly field-aligned longitudinal mode excitation and anisotropic electron velocity distribution function, accompanied by a significantly enhanced plasma emission at the second harmonic plasma frequency. For such a case, the polarization of the harmonic emission is almost entirely in the sense of extraordinary mode. On the other hand, for moderate strengths of the ambient magnetic field, the interpretation of the simulation result is less than clear. The underlying nonlinear mode coupling processes indicate that to properly understand and interpret the simulation results require sophisticated analyses involving interactions among magnetized plasma normal modes including the two transverse modes of the magneto-active plasma, namely, extraordinary and ordinary modes, as well as electron-cyclotron-whistler, plasma oscillation, and upper-hybrid modes. At present, a nonlinear theory suitable for quantitatively analyzing such complex mode-coupling processes in magnetized plasmas is incomplete, which calls for further theoretical research, but the present simulation results could provide a guide for future theoretical efforts.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. This paper will be submitted to Astrophysical Journal(ApJ)
Magnetic critical behavior and anomalous Hall effect in 2H-Co$_{0.22}$TaS$_{2}$ single crystals
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Hu, Zhixiang
name: Stavitski, Eli
name: Attenkofer, Klaus
name: Petrovic, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ferromagnetism in 2H-Co$_{0.22}$TaS$_2$ single crystals where Co atoms are intercalated in the van der Waals gap, and a systematic study of its magnetic critical behavior in the vicinity of $T_c \sim 28$ K. The obtained critical exponents $β$ = 0.43(2), $γ$ = 1.15(1), and $δ= 3.54(1)$ fulfill the Widom scaling relation $δ= 1+γ/β$ and follow the scaling equation. This indicates that the spin coupling in 2H-Co$_{0.22}$TaS$_2$ is of three-dimensional Hersenberg type coupled with long-range magnetic interaction, and that the exchange interaction decays with distance as $J(r)\approx r^{-4.69}$. 2H-Co$_{0.22}$TaS$_2$ exhibits a weak temperature-dependent metallic behavior in resistivity and negative values of thermopower with dominant electron-type carriers, in which obvious anomalies were observed below $T_c$ as well as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The linear scaling behavior between the modified anomalous Hall resistivity $ρ_{xy}/μ_0H$ and longitudinal resistivity $ρ_{xx}^2M/μ_0H$ implies that the origin of AHE in 2H-Co$_{0.22}$TaS$_2$ should be dominated by the extrinsic side-jump mechanism.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.10908
On the Use of Data from Multiple Mobile Network Operators in Europe to fight COVID-19
Creators: name: Vespe, Michele
name: Iacus, Stefano Maria
name: Santamaria, Carlos
name: Sermi, Francesco
name: Spyratos, Spyridon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid spread of COVID-19 infections on a global level has highlighted the need for accurate, transparent and timely information regarding collective mobility patterns to inform de-escalation strategies as well as to provide forecasting capacity for re-escalation policies aiming at addressing further waves of the virus. Such information can be extracted using aggregate anonymised data from innovative sources such as mobile positioning data. This paper presents lessons learnt and results of a unique Business-to-Government (B2G) initiative between several Mobile Network Operators in Europe and the European Commission. Mobile positioning data have supported policy makers and practitioners with evidence and data-driven knowledge to understand and predict the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the containment measures, their socio-economic impacts while feeding scenarios at EU scale and in a comparable way across countries. The challenges of this data sharing initiative are not limited to data quality, harmonisation, and comparability across countries, however important they are. Equally essential aspects that need to be addressed from the onset are related to data privacy, security, fundamental rights and commercial sensitivity.
Massive stars in the nuclei and arms of spirals
Creators: name: Bresolin, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many of the properties of massive stars in external galaxies, such as chemical compositions, mass functions, and ionizing fluxes, can be derived from the study of the associated clouds of ionized gas. Moreover, the signatures of Wolf-Rayet stars are often detected in the spectra of extragalactic H II regions. This paper reviews some aspects of the recent work on the massive star content of nearby spiral galaxies, as inferred from the analysis of giant H II regions. Particular attention is given to regions of high metallicity, including nuclear hot spots, and to the chemical abundance comparison between supergiant stars and ionized gas.
description: 12 pages. Invited review - to appear in "Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines", IAU Symp. 250 (Kauai), ed. F. Bresolin, P. A. Crowther, and J. Puls (Cambridge University Press)
Semiclassical regime of Regge calculus and spin foams
Creators: name: Bianchi, Eugenio
name: Satz, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent attempts to recover the graviton propagator from spin foam models involve the use of a boundary quantum state peaked on a classical geometry. The question arises whether beyond the case of a single simplex this suffices for peaking the interior geometry in a semiclassical configuration. In this paper we explore this issue in the context of quantum Regge calculus with a general triangulation. Via a stationary phase approximation, we show that the boundary state succeeds in peaking the interior in the appropriate configuration, and that boundary correlations can be computed order by order in an asymptotic expansion. Further, we show that if we replace at each simplex the exponential of the Regge action by its cosine -- as expected from the semiclassical limit of spin foam models -- then the contribution from the sign-reversed terms is suppressed in the semiclassical regime and the results match those of conventional Regge calculus.
description: 30 pages, no figures. Updated version with minor corrections, one reference added
Superconductivity due to co-operative Kondo effect in Pu 115's
Creators: name: Dzero, M.
name: Coleman, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline key elements of a theory that accounts for anomalous properties of the PuCoGa$_5$ and PuRhGa$_5$ compounds as a consequence of a two-body interference between two Kondo screening channels. Virtual valence fluctuations of the magnetic Pu configurations create two conduction channels of different symmetry. Using the symplectic large-N approach, we are able to demonstrate our pairing mechanism in an exactly solvable large-N limit. The critical temperature reaches its maximum when the energy levels of excited valence configurations are almost degenerate. The symmetry of the order parameter is determined by the product of the Wannier form factors in the interfering conduction channels.
description: 2 pages; Proceedings of SCES'07
On Reward Sharing in Blockchain Mining Pools
Creators: name: Can, Burak
name: Hougaard, Jens Leth
name: Pourpouneh, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for the analysis of reward sharing schemes in mining pools, such as those associated with Bitcoin. The framework is centered around the reported shares in a pool instead of agents and results in two new fairness criteria, absolute and relative redistribution. These criteria impose that the addition of a share to the pool affects all previous shares in the same way, either in absolute amount or in relative ratio. We characterize two large classes of economically viable reward sharing schemes corresponding to each of these fairness criteria in turn. We further show that the intersection of these classes brings about a generalization of the well-known proportional scheme, which also leads to a new characterization of the proportional scheme as a corollary.
Self-Repelling Bi-Exploration Process
Creators: name: N., H. Dashti
name: Najafi, M. N.
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-repelling two-leg (biped) spider walk is considered where the local stochastic movements are governed by two independent control parameters $ β_d$ and $ β_h $, so that the former controls the distance ($ d $) between the legs positions, and the latter controls the statistics of self-crossing of the traversed paths. The probability measure for local movements is supposed to be the one for the "true self-avoiding walk" multiplied by a factor exponentially decaying with $ d $. After a transient behavior for short times, a variety of behaviors have been observed for large times depending on the value of $β_d$ and $β_h$. Our statistical analysis reveals that the system undergoes a crossover between two (small and large $β_d$) regimes identified in large times ($t$). In the small $β_d$ regime, the random walkers (identified by the position of the legs of the spider) remain on average in a fixed non-zero distance in the large time limit, whereas in the second regime (large $β_d$s), the absorbing force between the walkers dominates the other stochastic forces. In the latter regime, $ d $ decays in a power-law fashion with the logarithm of time. When the system is mapped to a growth process (represented by a height field which is identified by the number of visits for each point), the roughness and the average height show different behaviors in two regimes, i.e., they show power-law with respect to $t$ in the first regime, and $\log t$ in the second regime. The fractal dimension of the random walker traces and the winding angle are shown to consistently undergo a similar crossover.
Combined Piezoelectrooptic Effect in Rochelle Salt at the Phase Transition
Creators: name: Vlokh, R.
name: Mys, O.
name: Kostyrko, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of study of piezoelectrooptic (PEO) effect in the course of ferroelectric-ferroelastic phase transition in Rochelle salt crystals are presented. The coefficient of the combined effect is obtained from measurements of the changes in the electrooptic coefficients under the action of mechanical stress and the changes in the piezooptic coefficients under the action of electric field (or spontaneous polarization). It is shown experimentally that the values of both coefficients are the same, as predicted by the theory. The temperature dependence of the coefficient of combined PEO effect is obtained. Its anomalous behaviour at the phase transition appears due to the dielectric permitivity anomaly. It is also demonstrated that the change in the piezooptic coefficients at the phase transition in Rochelle salt crystals may be satisfactorily explained as a result of linear and quadratic PEO effect induced by spontaneous polarization.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Reverberation Mapping of Two Luminous Quasars: the Broad-line Region Structure and Black Hole Mass
Creators: name: Li, Sha-Sha
name: Yang, Sen
name: Yang, Zi-Xu
name: Chen, Yong-Jie
name: Songsheng, Yu-Yang
name: Liu, He-Zhen
name: Du, Pu
name: Luo, Bin
name: Yu, Zhe
name: Hu, Chen
name: Jiang, Bo-Wei
name: Bao, Dong-Wei
name: Guo, Wei-Jian
name: Zhang, Zhi-Xiang
name: Li, Yan-Rong
name: Xiao, Ming
name: Lu, Kai-Xing
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Bai, Jing-Min
name: Bian, Wei-Hao
name: Aceituno, Jesús
name: Minezaki, Takeo
name: Kokubo, Mitsuru
name: Wang, Jian-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a multi-year spectroscopic and photometric monitoring campaign of two luminous quasars, PG~0923+201 and PG~1001+291, both located at the high-luminosity end of the broad-line region (BLR) size-luminosity relation with optical luminosities above $10^{45}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$. PG~0923+201 is for the first time monitored, and PG~1001+291 was previously monitored but our campaign has a much longer temporal baseline. We detect time lags of variations of the broad H$β$, H$γ$, Fe {\sc ii} lines with respect to those of the 5100~Å continuum. The velocity-resolved delay map of H$β$ in PG~0923+201 indicates a complicated structure with a mix of Keplerian disk-like motion and outflow, and the map of H$β$ in PG~1001+291 shows a signature of Keplerian disk-like motion. Assuming a virial factor of $f_{\rm BLR}=1$ and FWHM line widths, we measure the black hole mass to be $118_{-16}^{+11}\times 10^7 M_{\odot}$ for PG~0923+201 and $3.33_{-0.54}^{+0.62}\times 10^7 M_{\odot}$ for PG~1001+291. Their respective accretion rates are estimated to be $0.21_{-0.07}^{+0.06} \times L_{\rm Edd}\,c^{-2}$ and $679_{-227}^{+259}\times L_{\rm Edd}\,c^{-2}$, indicating that PG~0923+201 is a sub-Eddington accretor and PG~1001+291 is a super-Eddington accretor. While the H$β$ time lag of PG~0923+201 agrees with the size-luminosity relation, the time lag of PG~1001+291 shows a significant deviation, confirming that in high-luminosity AGN the BLR size depends on both luminosity and Eddington ratio. Black hole mass estimates from single AGN spectra will be over-estimated at high luminosities and redshifts if this effect is not taken into account.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, accepted
Programações e acasos: suporte e desmaterialização na animação
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Wayner Tristão
Publisher: name: Labfront/UEMG
Year: 2023

description: Dado que a animação antecipa o cinema ao concatenar desenhos e pinturas dando a impressão de movimento, somos forçados a pensar o suporte como elemento fundante da imagem em movimento. Como modificar a interface reforça uma mudança na nossa forma de perceber e criar, dando continuidade ou mesmo autonomia à imagem do autor? De que forma a automatização proporcionada pelo digital aufere uma maior objetividade na produção, sobretudo quando inserimos a Inteligência Artificial?
Letter from Kathleen Raine to Robin Skelton, February 22, [between 1955 and 1989]
Creators: name: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Critics
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/883769
subject: Platonists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1066881
subject: Skelton, Robin
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/51853
subject: Literature, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1000172
subject: Philosophy
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060777
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Novelists, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1039718
subject: Neoplatonism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1035884
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Periodical editors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058064
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Periodicals--Publishing
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058100
subject: Wiccans
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1765210
subject: English poetry--Manuscripts
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/912320
subject: Novelists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1039684
subject: Book industries and trade
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/836171
subject: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52672
subject: Scholars
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1106878
subject: Editors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/902475

description: Part of a collection of correspondence from Kathleen Raine to Robin Skelton. Skelton was a British poet, academic, anthologist, and practicing Wiccan. He taught at Manchester University before emigrating to Canada in 1963, where he taught creative writing at the University of Victoria and started the literary magazine The Malahat Review. Also included are some letters to Skelton’s wife Sylvia, and his daughters. Spanning close to forty-five years, the correspondence discusses poetry, writing, and philosophy; particularly Platonism and Neoplatonism. Raine often refers to the writings of William Blake and W. B. Yeats. Many letters also mention contemporary literary figures at the time including: Herbert Read, Peter Russell, Liam Miller, and Thurairajah Tambimuttu. In this letter, Raine asks Skelton for advice and information about the sale of her diaries, for the purpose of her income taxes.
Tracing the intra-halo light with Hyper Suprime-Cam images
Creators: name: Garate Núñez, Lucia Paz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The intra-halo light (IHL) is the diffuse stellar component that surrounds galaxies, groups, and clusters. The IHL formation is intimately linked to the hierarchical assembly of the system and therefore provides us with deep insights into its evolution. However, the low surface brightness of the IHL makes it challenging to detect and also to distinguish from the point spread function (PSF) effect of the telescope. In this work, I present our innovative technique which corrects for the PSF-scattered light and creates a two-dimensional profile model of the IHL in astronomical images. By assuming a power-law profile for the IHL extended component, I show the preliminary results of applying this technique to mock observations of the third data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP PDR3) and our extended HSC-SSP PDR3 PSF models (R∼5.6 arcmin, available at: GitHub/luciagarate/HSC_PSFs). We believe this technique provides the community with a crucial tool to accurately characterise the IHL and improve upon previous analyses by better accounting for systematics. As the image quality, depth, and processing of HSC and LSST first-year data are expected to be similar, the method we have developed here will be directly applicable and beneficial to the LSST.
CROWDFUNDING: AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FUNDING
Creators: name: VIJ, SANKET
name: Sharma, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 159999 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Innovations are inevitable and have been the order of the day in today's world. The ideas brew up from everywhere but finding a way to give wings to these ideas to help them take off the ground is something very crucial and important. Raising funds for projects conventionally has been tough since it required the very tough parameters to be met as set by the loan provider like Venture capitalists, angel investors, banks and financial institutions. The ideas are always not commercial and not at that big level to attract the venture capitalists or banks. Sometimes, the projects are just for the community or society benefits. Such projects traditionally used to get funded either through NGOs or through patrons. This traditional arrangement narrows the scope of the projects funding and sometimes even the good projects slip down the due considerations from the funders. Small projects whose fund requirement are small but have a potential to appeal a certain set of crowd gets the platform which is now known as crowdfunding platform which acts an intermediary between the fund raiser and the contributors/investors. The paper attempts to bring out the importance of crowdfunding as a medium to fund the project and the crowdfunding models currently prevailing in India.
Phase Coexistence in Cs3Bi2I9 Ferroelastics: Optical, Dilatation and Ultrasonic Velocity Studies
Creators: name: Girnyk, I.
name: Krupych, O.
name: Martunyuk-Lototska, I.
name: Motsnyi, F.
name: Vlokh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results for dilatometric, ultrasonic velocity and the domain struct-ure studies of Cs3Bi2I9 crystals in the course of ferroelastic phase trans-ition are presented. It is shown that the phase transition in Cs3Bi2I9 is of the first order. Basing on the thermal expansion results and the data obtained for the elastic stiffness of Cs3Bi2I9 crystals, the latent heat Q=79J/kg at Tc is calculated. The region between 183K and 221K (at cooling) is identified as a heterostructure region, where ferroelastic and paraelastic phases coexist.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Relations between generalized parton distributions and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions
Creators: name: Gurjar, Bheemsehan
name: Chakrabarti, Dipankar
name: Choudhary, Poonam
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Talukdar, Pulak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relations between transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) and generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in a light-front quark-diquark model motivated by soft wall AdS/QCD. Many relations are found to have similar structure in different models. It is found that a relation between the Sivers function and the GPD $E_q$ can be obtained in this model in terms of a lensing function. The quark orbital angular momentum is calculated and the results are compared with the results in other similar models. Implications of the results are discussed. Relations among different TMDs in the model are also presented.
description: minor changes, errors in some references are corrected
Mean path length inside non-scattering refractive objects
Creators: name: Majic, Matt
name: Somerville, Walter R. C.
name: Ru, Eric C. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It has recently been argued that the geometric-optics mean path length of rays inside a refractive object under Lambertian illumination is independent of the scattering strength of the medium [Savo et al., Science 358, 765 (2017)]. We here show that it is in fact different in the case of zero-scattering. We uncover and explain the role of trapped ray trajectories in creating this unexpected discontinuity from zero- to low-scattering. This allows us to derive new analytic results for the zero-scattering mean path length of simple refractive shapes. This work provides a fresh perspective on the study of path length inside refractive objects, with possible applications in for example the study of scattering by large particles or the design of optical systems.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, includes supplementary information
On completeness and generalized symmetries in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Casini, Horacio
name: Magan, Javier M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a notion of completeness in QFT arising from the analysis of basic properties of the set of operator algebras attached to regions. In words, this completeness asserts that the physical observable algebras produced by local degrees of freedom are the maximal ones compatible with causality. We elaborate on equivalent statements to this completeness principle such as the non-existence of generalized symmetries and the uniqueness of the net of algebras. We clarify that for non-complete theories, the existence of generalized symmetries is unavoidable, and further, that they always come in dual pairs with precisely the same ``size''. Moreover, the dual symmetries are always broken together, be it explicitly or effectively. Finally, we comment on several issues raised in recent literature, such as the relationship between completeness and modular invariance, dense sets of charges, and absence of generalized symmetries in the bulk of holographic theories.
description: Invited Review for Mod. Phys. Lett. A. 15 pages
Leveraging Distance Metrics for Machine Learning in Astronomy: DistClassiPy
Creators: name: Chaini, Siddharth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: time domain astronomy
machine learning

description: With the launch of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory imminent, we will soon be moving to an era of big data in time-domain astrophysics. In the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), Rubin will observe over 37 billion objects - necessitating data science and machine learning as essential tools for astrophysics. As we design and adapt machine learning algorithms for LSST data, it is critical to consider interpretability, computational cost, and the adaptability of the method for specific scientific cases. Distance-based methods offer promising solutions on all these fronts, yet these approaches have not been extensively explored within the context of astrophysical classification.

We recently developed a new classifier, DistClassiPy, and demonstrated its utility in the classification of variable stars. By exploring 18 distance metrics, we demonstrate that this classifier meets state-of-the-art performance while requiring lower computational resources and offering improved interpretability. To facilitate the application of DistClassiPy to transient science, we have also developed a custom feature extraction method utilizing autoencoders. Furthermore, we are in the process of extending DistClassiPy's capabilities to include anomaly detection.
Supersymmetric Extensions and Dark Matter in Models of Warped Higgsless EWSB
Creators: name: Knochel, Alexander
name: Ohl, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a minimal supersymmetric extension of a higgsless model for electroweak symmetry breaking in a warped extra dimension. In contrast to the non supersymmetric version, our model naturally contains a candidate for cold dark matter. No KK-parity is required, because its stability is guaranteed by an R-parity. We discuss the regions in parameter that are compatible with the observed dark matter content of our universe and are allowed by electroweak precision measurements as well as direct searches.
description: LaTeX, 24 pages, figures included, fixed a reference, improved legibility of figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
The Ice Chamber for Astrophysics-Astrochemistry (ICA): A New Experimental Facility for Ion Impact Studies of Astrophysical Ice Analogues
Creators: name: Herczku, Péter
name: Mifsud, Duncan V.
name: Ioppolo, Sergio
name: Juhász, Zoltán
name: Kanuchová, Zuzana
name: Kovács, Sándor T. S.
name: Muina, Alejandra Traspas
name: Hailey, Perry A.
name: Rajta, István
name: Vajda, István
name: Mason, Nigel J.
name: McCullough, Robert W.
name: Paripás, Béla
name: Sulik, Béla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ice Chamber for Astrophysics-Astrochemistry (ICA) is a new laboratory end-station located at the Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki) in Debrecen, Hungary. The ICA has been specifically designed for the study of the physico-chemical properties of astrophysical ice analogues and their chemical evolution when subjected to ionising radiation and thermal processing. The ICA is an ultra-high vacuum compatible chamber containing a series of IR-transparent substrates mounted in a copper holder connected to a closed-cycle cryostat capable of being cooled down to 20 K, itself mounted on a 360° rotation stage and a z-linear manipulator. Ices are deposited onto the substrates via background deposition of dosed gases. Ice structure and chemical composition are monitored by means of FTIR absorbance spectroscopy in transmission mode, although use of reflectance mode is possible by using metallic substrates. Pre-prepared ices may be processed in a variety of ways. A 2 MV Tandetron accelerator is capable of delivering a wide variety of high-energy ions into the ICA, which simulates ice processing by cosmic rays, the solar wind, or magnetospheric ions. The ICA is also equipped with an electron gun which may be used for electron impact radiolysis of ices. Thermal processing of both deposited and processed ices may be monitored by means of both FTIR spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the ICA set-up, as well as an overview of preliminary results obtained and future plans.
description: Published in Review of Scientific Instruments
Life Without Shelter in the US: Veterans and Homelessness Reading List
Creators: name: Sufian, Sandra
name: Gambino, Matthew
name: Milbrath, Gwyneth
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 220205 History and Philosophy of Medicine
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: History

description: The goal of this Health Humanities Portrait-- Life Without Shelter in the United States: Veterans and Homelessness--is to understand both the specificity and the commonality of being homeless as a veteran. Veterans have access to care through the Veterans Affairs (VA) medical system and are an object of historical reverence within American society. In many ways, however, the causes and experiences of their homelessnessdo not differ substantially from those of the general homeless population. The assigned transcripts and video clips capture historically significant issues relevant to our broad social theme, including the meanings of homelessness; the indignity of reliance on inadequate or poorly organized social services; the role of addiction and mental health concerns; housing instability and discrimination; work and the labor market; stereotypes and the stigma associated with homelessness; and the social obligation to veterans.
Parton showers with quantum interference
Creators: name: Nagy, Zoltan
name: Soper, Davison E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We specify recursive equations that could be used to generate a lowest order parton shower for hard scattering in hadron-hadron collisions. The formalism is based on the factorization soft and collinear interactions from relatively harder interactions in QCD amplitudes. It incorporates quantum interference between different amplitudes in those cases in which the interference diagrams have leading soft or collinear singularities. It incorporates the color and spin information carried by partons emerging from a hard interaction. One motivation for this work is to have a method that can naturally cooperate with next-to-leading order calculations.
description: 83 pages with 10 figures; revised version is close to published version
Simulating High-Redshift Disk Galaxies: Applications to Long Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Hosts
Creators: name: Robertson, Brant E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficiency of star formation governs many observable properties of the cosmological galaxy population, yet many current models of galaxy formation largely ignore the important physics of star formation and the interstellar medium (ISM). Using hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxies that include a treatment of the molecular ISM and star formation in molecular clouds (Robertson & Kravtsov 2008), we study the influence of star formation efficiency and molecular hydrogen abundance on the properties of high-redshift galaxy populations. In this work, we focus on a model of low-mass, star forming galaxies at 1
description: To appear in "The Galaxy Disk in Cosmological Context"; Proceedings of IAU254; Copenhagen; 9-13 June 2008; eds. J. Anderson, J. Bland-Hawthorn, B. Nordstrom; CUP
title: A stony track towards innovation in remote highland regions: agricultural intensification in the apricot sector of Northern Pakistan
Creators: name: Köster, Mareike
name: Alam, Iftikhar
name: Rana, Jai
name: Wiehle, Martin
name: Bürkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: agricultural innovation
subject: livelihood strategy
subject: remote mountain areas
subject: smallholder agriculture
subject: stone fruit production
subject: value addition
classificationCode: 630
subject: 630
classificationCode: Pakistan (Nord)
subject: Pakistan (Nord)
classificationCode: Landwirtschaft
subject: Landwirtschaft
classificationCode: Innovation
subject: Innovation
classificationCode: Lebensunterhalt
subject: Lebensunterhalt
classificationCode: Kleinbauer
subject: Kleinbauer
classificationCode: Steinobstanbau
subject: Steinobstanbau

description:
Background
Traditional farming practices of remote highland regions are usually well adapted to the local agro-ecological and social conditions. There, introduced agricultural innovation geared towards sustainable intensification as a response to changing environments often faces multiple barriers. These may comprise limited market incentives for enhanced production, narrow pathways of knowledge transmission, and infrastructural hurdles. To quantify effects of innovation and sustainable intensification in enhancing smallholders’ livelihoods in the Karakoram Mountains of Northern Pakistan, the present study was conducted with 86 small-holder farmers. We chose interviewees who are involved in the cultivation, processing and/or trading of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), a traditionally important currently eroding fruit crop of the Central Asian highlands. By investigating the status quo of apricot production and producers’ innovative farming practices, we generated an intensification index based on simple agronomic indicators. Explanatory farm and framers’ characteristics, production characteristics, knowledge, and apricot management were tested for their predictive power.

Results
Although the data show low average profits of 3.8 US$ tree−1, we found that intensified apricot production can contribute to the provision of nutritious food and increased household income. Age and training of farmers were key factors fostering innovation, while lacking awareness of innovative practices was attributed to slow communication. Rejection of intensification was either due to low-value attribution towards apricot farming or risk aversion. Commonly adopted innovations, particularly sulfur drying, were either well integrated with traditional practices or characterized by low up-front costs and high returns on investment.

Conclusions
Management intensification may increase farmers’ incomes and retard abandonment of apricot farming and the consecutive loss of associated benefits, such as diversified farm output and improved ecosystem services.
Supplementary Materials from Mammalian intestinal allometry, phylogeny, trophic level and climate
Creators: name: Duque-Correa, María J.
name: Codron, Daryl
name: Meloro, Carlo
name: McGrosky, Amanda
name: Schiffmann, Christian
name: Edwards, Mark S.
name: Clauss, Marcus
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Additional considerations, Tables S1-S12, Figures S1-S6, R code
The nucleation fraction of Local Volume galaxies
Creators: name: Hoyer, Nils
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: Georgiev, Iskren Y.
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are a common phenomenon in galaxy centres and are found in a vast majority of galaxies of intermediate stellar mass $10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$. Recent investigations suggest that they are rarely found in the least and most massive galaxies and that the nucleation fraction increases in dense environments. It is unclear whether this trend holds true for field galaxies due to the limited data currently available. Here we present our results on the nucleation fraction for 601 galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim 12$ Mpc). Covering more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass, this is the largest sample of galaxies analysed in a low-density environment. Within the Local Volume sample we find a strong dependence of the nucleation fraction on galaxy stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. We also find that for galaxies with $M_{\star} < 10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$, early-type galaxies have a higher nucleation fraction than late-types. The nucleation fraction in the Local Volume correlates independently with stellar mass, Hubble type, and local environmental density. We compare our data to those in galaxy cluster environments (Coma, Fornax, and Virgo) by compiling previous results and calculating stellar masses in a homogeneous way. We find significantly lower nucleation fractions (up to 40$\%$) in galaxies with $M_{\star} \lesssim 10^{9.5}$ M$_{\odot}$, in agreement with previous work. Our results reinforce the connection between globular clusters and NSCs, but it remains unclear if it can explain the observed trends with Hubble type and local environment. We speculate that correlation between the nucleation fraction and cluster environment weakens for the densest clusters like Coma and Virgo.
description: 22 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables, resubmitted to MNRAS after referee report
Electron Irradiation and Thermal Chemistry Studies of Interstellar and Planetary Ice Analogues at the ICA Astrochemistry Facility
Creators: name: Mifsud, Duncan V.
name: Juhász, Zoltán
name: Herczku, Péter
name: Kovács, Sándor T. S.
name: Ioppolo, Sergio
name: Kanuchová, Zuzana
name: Czentye, Máté
name: Hailey, Perry A.
name: Muina, Alejandra Traspas
name: Mason, Nigel J.
name: McCullough, Robert W.
name: Paripás, Béla
name: Sulik, Béla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modelling of molecular excitation and dissociation processes relevant to astrochemistry requires the validation of theories by comparison with data generated from laboratory experimentation. The newly commissioned Ice Chamber for Astrophysics-Astrochemistry (ICA) allows for the study of astrophysical ice analogues and their evolution when subjected to energetic processing, thus simulating the processes and alterations interstellar icy grain mantles and icy outer Solar System bodies undergo. ICA is an ultra-high vacuum compatible chamber containing a series of IR-transparent substrates upon which the ice analogues may be deposited at temperatures of down to 20 K. Processing of the ices may be performed in one of three ways: (i) ion impacts with projectiles delivered by a 2 MV Tandetron-type accelerator, (ii) electron irradiation from a gun fitted directly to the chamber, and (iii) thermal processing across a temperature range of 20-300 K. The physico-chemical evolution of the ices is studied in situ using FTIR absorbance spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. In this paper, we present an overview of the ICA facility with a focus on characterising the electron beams used for electron impact studies, as well as reporting the preliminary results obtained during electron irradiation and thermal processing of selected ices.
description: Published in European Physical Journal Part D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical, and Plasma Physics
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models of Super Star Clusters with a Positive Star Formation Feedback
Creators: name: Wunsch, R.
name: Tenorio-Tagle, G.
name: Palous, J.
name: Silich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the hydrodynamic code ZEUS, we perform 2D simulations to determine the fate of the gas ejected by massive stars within super star clusters. It turns out that the outcome depends mainly on the mass and radius of the cluster. In the case of less massive clusters, a hot high velocity ($\sim 1000$ km s$^{-1}$) stationary wind develops and the metals injected by supernovae are dispersed to large distances from the cluster. On the other hand, the density of the thermalized ejecta within massive and compact clusters is sufficiently large as to immediately provoke the onset of thermal instabilities. These deplete, particularly in the central densest regions, the pressure and the pressure gradient required to establish a stationary wind, and instead the thermally unstable parcels of gas are rapidly compressed, by a plethora of re-pressurizing shocks, into compact high density condensations. Most of these are unable to leave the cluster volume and thus accumulate to eventually feed further generations of star formation. The simulations cover an important fraction of the parameter-space, which allows us to estimate the fraction of the reinserted gas which accumulates within the cluster and the fraction that leaves the cluster as a function of the cluster mechanical luminosity, the cluster size and heating efficiency.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 27 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Acoustooptic Interaction in Barium Beta-Borate Crystals
Creators: name: Martynyuk-Lototska, I.
name: Dudok, T.
name: Dyachok, Ya.
name: Burak, Ya.
name: Vlokh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Basing on the measurements of photoelastic coefficients, acoustic waves velocities and the refractive indices, the possible geometries for acoustooptic interaction in b-BaB2O4 crystals have been analysed. It has been shown that the acoustooptic figure of merit achieves its maximum value when the transverse acoustic wave v13 with the velocity 817m/s is propagated in YZ-plane. In this case M2=95.35*10-15s3/kg.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
title: Gender, communication and health inequality in a Nigerian IDP camp
title: Gender, communication and health inequality in a Nigerian IDP camp
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Izang Ambi, Abigail
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2025

description: Abstract

 Gender, communication and health inequality in a Nigerian IDP camp

 Abigail Izang Ambi

 This dissertation explores the communication dynamics between internally
 displaced persons (IDPs) and medical practitioners (MPs) in a Nigerian IDP
 camp, focusing on health inequality and communication barriers. Using a
 critical sociolinguistic ethnographic approach, it examines
 multilingualism, the use of interpreters, and factors contributing to
 health communication challenges. The study emphasizes the importance of
 understanding the socio-political context, lived experiences, and
 perceptions of IDPs to interpret health communication issues effectively.

 Conducted from January 2021 to February 2023, the research involved
 observations, field notes, interviews, and focus groups with 11 female IDP
 patients and 3 medical practitioners. Five key findings emerged: First,
 medical interactions in the camp primarily occur in Hausa or English,
 creating comprehension difficulties due to the lack of indigenous language
 equivalents for medical terms. Second, language diversity often requires
 interpreters, but the absence of professional medical interpreters leads
 to reliance on inadequately skilled individuals. Third, gender
 differences, lack of privacy, and fear of reprimand prevent IDP patients
 from disclosing vital health information. Fourth, patient needs, such as
 relational aspects of care, remain unmet due to limited medical staff,
 time constraints, and patient resistance. Fifth, cultural beliefs,
 illiteracy, and a lack of voice hinder effective communication, especially
 for women.

 The study suggests several implications: creating indigenous health
 terminologies, establishing professional interpreting services, educating
 MPs on effective communication with IDPs, incorporating communication
 training in medical education, ensuring gender-sensitive care, improving
 privacy in consultations, and addressing health literacy and equality for
 IDPs. These recommendations aim to improve healthcare access and reduce
 health disparities in the camp.
Speleogenesis and secondary cave minerals in quartz-sandstone and quartzite environment
Speleogenesi e minerali secondari in ambiente quarzitico e quarzo-arenitico
Creators: name: Sauro, Francesco <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: GEO/04 Geografia fisica e geomorfologia

description: The main objective of this research is to improve the comprehension of the processes controlling the formation of caves and karst-like morphologies in quartz-rich lithologies (more than 90% quartz), like quartz-sandstones and metamorphic quartzites. In the scientific community the processes actually most retained to be responsible of these formations are explained in the “Arenisation Theory”. This implies a slow but pervasive dissolution of the quartz grain/mineral boundaries increasing the general porosity until the rock becomes incohesive and can be easily eroded by running waters. The loose sands produced by the weathering processes are then evacuated to the surface through processes of piping due to the infiltration of waters from the fracture network or the bedding planes. 
To deal with these problems we adopted a multidisciplinary approach through the exploration and the study of several cave systems in different tepuis. The first step was to build a theoretical model of the arenisation process, considering the most recent knowledge about the dissolution kinetics of quartz, the intergranular/grain boundaries diffusion processes, the primary diffusion porosity, in the simplified conditions of an open fracture crossed by a continuous flow of undersatured water. The results of the model were then compared with the world’s widest dataset (more than 150 analyses) of water geochemistry collected till now on the tepui, in superficial and cave settings. 
All these studies allowed verifying the importance and the effectiveness of the arenisation process that is confirmed to be the main process responsible of the primary formation of these caves and of the karst-like superficial morphologies. The numerical modelling and the field observations allowed evaluating a possible age of the cave systems around 20-30 million of years.