Dilar harmandi Navas
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Liu, Xingyue
name: Aspöck, Horst
name: Aspöck, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Neuroptera
Dilaridae
Dilar
Dilar harmandi

description: Dilar harmandi (Navás)
(Figs. 2, 8–11, 18, 19)
Nepal harmandi Navás, 1909: 661. Type locality: India (West Bengal).
Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the forewings with several scattered yellowish brown spots, the male complexes of gonocoxites 9, 10, and 11 with rather short tenth gonocoxites, and the gonarcus (= gonocoxites 11) with a pair of elongate spinous projections extended laterally connecting to middle part of ninth gonocoxites.
Description (Based on the larger specimens; see remarks). Male. Body length 7.0 mm; forewing length 9.0–10.0 mm, hindwing length 8.5 mm.
Head brown, with pale yellowish brown setose tubercles. Compound eyes blackish brown. Antenna with ca. 27 segments, dark brown, pedicel with brown annular stripes, flagellum unipectinate on most flagellomeres, medial branches much longer than those on both ends, longest branch nearly 3.0 times as long as relevant flagellomere, but branch of 1st flagellomere short and dentate, distal seven flagellomeres simple.
Prothorax brown, pronotum dark brown, with anterior margin and posterolateral corners slightly paler, medially with a pair of ovoid markings; mesothorax yellowish brown, mesonotum blackish brown, medially with a pair of pale yellow markings; metanotum blackish brown, pale yellow on anteromedian area. Legs brown, femora blackish brown at tip. Wings dirty yellow, with several scattered brown spots. Forewing ~2.2 times as long as wide, with several small brown spots, most of which are concentrated between Sc and Rs, arranging irregularly, a big brown spot present around median nygma; three nygmata present on proximal and median portion of forewing (Fig. 2). Hindwing ~2.1 times as long as wide, slightly smoky brown; one nygma present at middle. Veins brown, crossveins much paler than longitudinal veins. Forewing with trichosors present along wing margin between R and CuA; costal crossveins simple, but occasionally forked; Sc just touching R in pterostigmatic region, terminally leaving several weak veinlets; Rs with three main branches; MA fused with R at wing base, proximally with no crossvein connecting to MP; MP with two main branches; two gradate crossveins present at middle. Hindwing with trichosors present along wing margin between R and CuA; Rs with four main branches.
Abdomen yellowish brown, pregenital segments dorsally dark brown. Ninth tergite in dorsal view with an arcuate anterior incision, a nearly U-shaped posterior incision and an elongate dorsoprocessus, leaving a pair of broad hemitergites, which are obtuse distally and densely haired (Fig. 8); in lateral view broad, with straight ventral margin and arcuate posterior margin (Fig. 10). Ninth sternite much shorter than ninth tergite, arcuately convex posteriad in ventral view (Fig. 9). Ectoproct in dorsal view with an arcuate anterior incision, posterodorsally with a pair of ventrally curved unguiform projections, posteroventrally with a pair of nearly ovoid flattened projections, a pair of bifid unguiform projections and a feebly sclerotized, digitiform projections (Fig. 8). Ninth gonocoxites slenderly elongate, with anterior half broadly spoon-shaped and with posterior half slightly incurved and nearly unguiform at tip in dorsal view; tenth gonocoxites rather short, nearly rod-shaped; eleventh gonocoxites (= gonarcus) beam-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 8), with a pair of elongate spinous projections extended laterally connecting to middle part of ninth gonocoxites. Hypandrium internum nearly trapezoidal, with lateral margins slightly arcuate (Fig. 9).
Female. Unknown.
Materials examined. Holotype ♂, INDIA: West Bengal, Darjeeling [27°02′N, 88°20′E], 1890, Harmand leg. (MNHN). 1♂, CHINA: Tibet, Yadong, Mt. Naituilashan [27°24′N, 88°51′E], 3650 m, 18.VII.2013, Meicai Wei & Gengyun Niu (CAU); 1♂, CHINA: Tibet, Zhangmu, Lixin [27°59′N, 85°58′E], 2500 m, 24.VI.1975, Xuezhong Zhang (CAU); 1♂, NEPAL: Taplejung Walungchung Gola [a locality of Mechi State, 27°37′N, 87°46′E], 3350 m, 18.VI.1962, T. Yasuda (NSMT); 1♂, NEPAL: Taplejung Walungchung Gola, 3310 m, 11.VII.1962, T. Yasuda (NSMT); 2♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.3 East Bujan, Dudh Kosi Tal, 2900 m, 18.–19.VII.1964, R. Remane; 7♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.3 East Dudh Kosi Tal unter Thangpoche, 3400 m, 4.VII.1964, R. Remane; 16♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.3 East Sete, 3000–3600 m, 23.VII.1964, R. Remane; 11♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.3 East Surkaya, 2600–3000 m, 18.VII.1964, R. Remane; 2♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.3 East Lamjura Pass, 3200–3600 m, 1.VIII.1964, R. Remane; 2♂, NEPAL: Prov.
Nr.3 East Jambesi, 2900–3300 m, 23.VI.1964, R. Remane; 5♂, NEPAL: Prov. Nr.1 East Phulchauki, 2500–2800 m, 30.V.1964, R. Remane; 1♂, NEPAL: Khumbu, Khumdzung, 3900 m, 11.VII.1962, Ebert-Falkner (majority of the Nepalese specimens collected by R. Remane in ZSM, partly in HUAC).
Distribution. China (Tibet) (new country record), India (West Bengal), Nepal (Mechi, Bagmati, Gandaki) (new country record).
Remarks. Most specimens of D. harmandi can be easily distinguished from the other two Dilar species from Tibet by the dirty yellow wings with several scattered brown spots. However, the variability in the general appearance of D. harmandi is as bewildering as that of D. geometroides discussed above. D. harmandi comprises large dark specimens (forewing length 9–10 mm) and smaller and paler specimens (forewing length ca. 7 mm) (Figs. 18 and 19). The genital sclerites of the males don’t show significant intraspecific differences, however, their complexity prevents them from being efficiently comparable. Based on the male genitalia, D. harmandi differs from the other dilarid species found in Tibet by the male complexes of the gonocoxites 9, 10, and 11, with rather short tenth gonocoxites and the eleventh gonocoxites (= gonarcus) with a pair of elongate spinous projections extended laterally connecting to the middle part of ninth gonocoxites.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Wei, Liu, Xingyue, Aspöck, Horst & Aspöck, Ulrike, 2014, Revision of Chinese Dilaridae (Insecta: Neuroptera) (Part II): Species of the genus Dilar Rambur from Tibet, pp. 551-562 in Zootaxa 3878 (6) on pages 556-557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/227718