cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Farmer investment into biosecurity on broiler and layer farms in Bali
Creators: name: Ambarawati, I Gusti Agung Ayu
name: Prasetyo, Bugie Kurnianto
name: Patrick, Ian
name: Ambarawati, I Gusti Agung Ayu
name: Prasetyo, Bugie Kurnianto
name: Patrick, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: biosecurity
subject: poultry
subject: investment
subject: Bali

description: This paper measures the cost of implementing biosecurity on broiler and layer farms in Bali. Farmer investment in biosecurity is analysed to determine if there is any difference in the implementation of biosecurity between broiler and layer farms. Data is taken from a survey of 60 layer and 60 broiler smallholder farmers in Bali in 2009. While secure boundary fencing and farm gate locks are more common on layer farms, broiler producers are more likely to have a footbaths at the shed door. In this analysis, biosecurity investments include the quality of fencing and gates, presence of locks on gates, management changes required to minimise staff and visitor movement onto and in the farm, costs of minimising vehicle entry, use of vaccination and disinfectant, chlorination of water and quality of the chicken shed. Defining the relationships between present investment decisions and farm type, size and mortality rates will provide useful information to decision makers concerning the cost-effective levels of biosecurity that should be adopted by smallholder farmers in Bali. In Bali, decision makers are not only the individual farmers but also the government and private companies.
Hidden Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
Creators: name: Smallwood, Christopher L.
name: Ulbricht, Ronald
name: Day, Matthew W.
name: Schröder, Tim
name: Bates, Kelsey M.
name: Autry, Travis M.
name: Diederich, Geoffrey
name: Bielejec, Edward
name: Siemens, Mark E.
name: Cundiff, Steven T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize a high-density sample of negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV$^-$) centers in diamond using collinear optical multidimensional coherent spectroscopy. By comparing the results of complementary signal detection schemes, we identify a hidden population of \ce{SiV^-} centers that is not typically observed in photoluminescence, and which exhibits significant spectral inhomogeneity and extended electronic $T_2$ times. The phenomenon is likely caused by strain, indicating a potential mechanism for controlling electric coherence in color-center-based quantum devices.
Additional file 9 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 9: Figure S5. Interferon (IFN)-α production is triggered by RNA containing immune complexes (RNA-IC) in immune cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) patients and healthy controls.
Classically-Controlled Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Perdrix, Simon
name: Jorrand, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computations usually take place under the control of the classical world. We introduce a Classically-controlled Quantum Turing Machine (CQTM) which is a Turing Machine (TM) with a quantum tape for acting on quantum data, and a classical transition function for a formalized classical control. In CQTM, unitary transformations and measurements are allowed. We show that any classical TM is simulated by a CQTM without loss of efficiency. The gap between classical and quantum computations, already pointed out in the framework of measurement-based quantum computation is confirmed. To appreciate the similarity of programming classical TM and CQTM, examples are given.
description: 20 pages
Additional file 8 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 8: Table S3. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA-IC stimulated pDCs overexpressed in cluster “0” vs cluster “1” following unsupervised clustering of the 2000 most variable genes.
Climate Change and Food Security to 2050: A Global Economy-wide Perspective
Creators: name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Climate change
subject: crop and labour productivity growth
subject: global computable general equilibrium model projections

description: Recent analyses of the possible adverse effects of climate change on agriculture in developing countries have raised food security concerns, especially for farm households whose crop productivity is expected to fall. The present study uses the GTAP global economy-wide model to capture at the same time the expected positive effects on temperate zone crop productivity, which will more or less offset the upward pressure on farm product prices from yield falls in developing countries. Also modelled is an expected adverse effect of higher temperatures and humidity on the productivity of unskilled workers in the tropics, but since they work in nonfarm as well as farm activities the net effect of that shock on agriculture’s competitiveness is an empirical matter. The results suggest there may be less cause for concern over food security than some earlier studies indicated, but the degrees of uncertainty involved in such modelling are sufficient to warrant a precautionary approach.
Machine learning for the diagnosis of early stage diabetes using temporal glucose profiles
Creators: name: Lee, Woo Seok
name: Jo, Junghyo
name: Song, Taegeun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Machine learning shows remarkable success for recognizing patterns in data. Here we apply the machine learning (ML) for the diagnosis of early stage diabetes, which is known as a challenging task in medicine. Blood glucose levels are tightly regulated by two counter-regulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon, and the failure of the glucose homeostasis leads to the common metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus. It is a chronic disease that has a long latent period the complicates detection of the disease at an early stage. The vast majority of diabetics result from that diminished effectiveness of insulin action. The insulin resistance must modify the temporal profile of blood glucose. Thus we propose to use ML to detect the subtle change in the temporal pattern of glucose concentration. Time series data of blood glucose with sufficient resolution is currently unavailable, so we confirm the proposal using synthetic data of glucose profiles produced by a biophysical model that considers the glucose regulation and hormone action. Multi-layered perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks all identified the degree of insulin resistance with high accuracy above $85\%$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figure
Supplement to ERS-Foreign 202 -- 12 Years of Achievement Under Public Law 480
Creators: name: Statistics, Trade
name: Statistics, Trade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: This publication is a statistical summary of shipments of U.S. farm products under programs authorized by Public Law 480, the Trade Assistance and Development Act of 1954, as amended, and under Mutual Security (AID) programs for 12 calendar years, 1955-66, and for July-December 1954, the first 6-month period after the enactment of P.L. 480 in July 1954. This supplement is designed for use with ERS-Foreign 202, 12 Years of Achievement under Public Law 480, issued November 1967. There has been a continuous demand for a statistical review of exports under food aid programs for both fiscal and calendar years. This supplement presents by calendar years the statistical information which was included for fiscal years in the original publication. The supplement includes an annual summary by program totals, commercial exports, and total agricultural exports, and a summary by principal commodity groups, as well as special tables for feed grains and wheat, leading dollar markets, and principal countries of destination for Government- financed exports. Exports are reported by commodity, value, and quantity for each year of the period. They are also reported by commodities grouped by individual years. The value of exports by country is shown for each year and for the period. Exports under short and medium-term credit sales programs -- the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) export credit sales program and Export-Import Bank loans and guarantees -- are reported by commodity and by country.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of RMnX (R= Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y; X= Si, Ge) studied by KKR method
Creators: name: Klosek, V.
name: Tobola, J.
name: Verniere, A.
name: Kaprzyk, S.
name: Malaman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure calculations, using the charge and spin self-consistent Korringa- Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method, have been performed for several $R$Mn$X$ compounds ($R$ = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y; $X$ = Si, Ge) of the CeFeSi-type structure. The origin of their magnetic properties has been investigated emphasizing the role of the Mn sublattice. The significant influence of the Mn-Mn and Mn-$X$ interatomic distances on the Mn magnetic moment value is delineated from our computations, supporting many neutron diffraction data. We show that the marked change of $μ_{Mn}$ with the Mn-Mn and Mn-$X$ distances resulted from a redistribution between spin-up and spin-down $d$-Mn DOS rather than from different fillings of the Mn 3$d$-shell. Bearing in mind that the neutron diffraction data reported for the $R$Mn$X$ compounds are rather scattered, the KKR computations of $μ_{Mn}$ are in fair agreement with the experimental values. Comparing density of states near $E_{F}$ obtained in different magnetic orderings, one can notice that the entitled $R$Mn$X$ systems seem to 'adapt' their magnetic structures to minimize the DOS in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Noteworthy, the SrMnGe antiferromagnet exhibits a pseudo-gap behaviour at $E_{F}$, suggesting anomalous electron transport properties. In addition, the F-AF transition occurring in the disordered La$_{1-x}$Y$_{x}$MnSi alloy for the $0.8
description: 10 pages + 14 figures, to appear in Eur. Phys. Jour. B
PRODUCER SEGMENTATION AND THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP IN MALAYSIA’S MILK SUPPLY CHAINS
Creators: name: Boniface, Bonaventure
name: Boniface, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: buyer-seller relationship
subject: price satisfaction dimensions
subject: cluster analysis
subject: dairy industry
subject: Malaysia

description: Research on buyer-seller relationships in the agricultural sector receives little attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that strong buyer-seller relationships facilitate more efficient supply chains. The long term relationship literature tends to treat suppliers as a homogenous group when attempting to identify motivations, strategies and incentives to enhance the quality of buyer-seller relationships. This article explores the role of long-term relationships between buyers and sellers in Malaysia’s dairy industry, taking into consideration the heterogeneous nature of the producers. Interviews with 133 producers provide the data for this study. Cluster analysis suggests two well-defined groups differing in terms of demographic characteristics and relationship perceptions toward their buyers. Based on the results, the study proposes some policy implication and marketing strategies for both milk buyers and government.
How Much do Heavy Quarks Thermalize in a Heavy Ion Collision?
Creators: name: Moore, Guy D.
name: Teaney, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermalization of charm quarks in high energy heavy ion collisions. To this end, we calculate the diffusion coefficient in the perturbative Quark Gluon Plasma and relate it to collisional energy loss and momentum broadening. We then use these transport properties to formulate a Langevin model for the evolution of the heavy quark spectrum in the hot medium. The model is strictly valid in the non-relativistic limit and for all velocities $γv < \alphas^{-1/2}$ to leading logarithm in $T/m_D$. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation can be solved analytically for a Bjorken expansion and the solution gives a simple estimate for the medium modifications of the heavy quark spectrum as a function of the diffusion coefficient. Finally we solve the Langevin equations numerically in a hydrodynamic simulation of the heavy ion reaction. The results of this simulation are the medium modifications of the charm spectrum $R_{AA}$ and the expected elliptic flow $v_2(p_T)$ as a function of the diffusion coefficient.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures. Inculdes a detailed comparison with Boltzmann simulations
Dynamical Zeta Functions in the Nonorientable Case
Creators: name: Borns-Weil, Yonah
name: Shen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use a simple argument to extend the microlocal proofs of meromorphicity of dynamical zeta functions to the nonorientable case. In the special case of geodesic flow on a connected non-orientable negatively curved closed surface, we compute the order of vanishing of the zeta function at the zero point to be the first Betti number of the surface.
description: 15 pages
The Non-Split Scalar Coset in Supergravity Theories
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Nejat Tevfik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general non-split scalar coset of supergravity theories is discussed.The symmetric space sigma model is studied in two equivalent formulations and for different coset parametrizations.The dualisation and the local first order formulation is performed for the non-split scalar coset G/K when the rigid symmetry group G is a real form of a non-compact semisimple Lie group (not necessarily split) and the local symmetry group K is G's maximal compact subgroup.A comparison with the scalar cosets arising in the T^{10-D}-compactification of the heterotic string theory in ten dimensions is also mentioned.
description: 26 pages
Dihedral Families of Quarks, Leptons and Higgs Bosons
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Kubo, Jisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider finite groups of small order for family symmetry. It is found that the binary dihedral group Q_6, along with the assumption that the Higgs sector is of type II, predicts mass matrix of a nearest neighbor interaction type for quarks and leptons. We present a supersymmetric model based on Q_6 with spontaneously induced CP phases. The quark sector contains 8 real parameters with one independent phase to describe the quark masses and their mixing. Predictions in the |V_{ub}|-bar{eta}, |V_{ub}|-sin 2 beta(phi_1) and |V_{ub}|-|V_{td}/V_{ts}| planes are given. The lepton sector contains also 9 parameters. A normal as well as an inverted spectrum of neutrino masses is possible, and we compute V_{e3}. We find that |V_{e3}|^2 > 10^{-4} in the case of a normal spectrum, and |V_{e3}|^2 >8 10^{-4} in the case of an inverted spectrum. It is also found that Q_6 symmetry forbids all Baryon number violating terms of d=4, and the contributions to EDMs from the A terms vanish in this model.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
A Bayesian Evaluation Framework for Subjectively Annotated Visual Recognition Tasks
Creators: name: Prijatelj, Derek S.
name: McCurrie, Mel
name: Scheirer, Walter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An interesting development in automatic visual recognition has been the emergence of tasks where it is not possible to assign objective labels to images, yet still feasible to collect annotations that reflect human judgements about them. Machine learning-based predictors for these tasks rely on supervised training that models the behavior of the annotators, i.e., what would the average person's judgement be for an image? A key open question for this type of work, especially for applications where inconsistency with human behavior can lead to ethical lapses, is how to evaluate the epistemic uncertainty of trained predictors, i.e., the uncertainty that comes from the predictor's model. We propose a Bayesian framework for evaluating black box predictors in this regime, agnostic to the predictor's internal structure. The framework specifies how to estimate the epistemic uncertainty that comes from the predictor with respect to human labels by approximating a conditional distribution and producing a credible interval for the predictions and their measures of performance. The framework is successfully applied to four image classification tasks that use subjective human judgements: facial beauty assessment, social attribute assignment, apparent age estimation, and ambiguous scene labeling.
description: 21 pages. 6 figures. 2 tables. Supplementary Material as Appendix with 28 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. First major revision for journal Pattern Recognition. Code to be included after publication at https://github.com/prijatelj/bayesian_eval_ground_truth-free
Implementing Coarse Priority Schemes
Creators: name: Brennan, Tess Annie Louise
name: Brennan, Tess Annie Louise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This thesis shows that coarse priority schemes for rationing random supply can be implemented without prior knowledge of the distribution of valuations using the VCG mechanism. Coarse priority rationing schemes are those with fewer priority classes than individuals. Coarse priority schemes are of interest because full priority schemes may not be feasible in practice and because coarse priority schemes achieve large parts of the gains from full priority schemes. Implementation of the coarser priority schemes without knowledge of the distribution of valuations is useful when offering priority for the first time, since this information may not be available. I show that with unit demand, risk neutrality and a known supply distribution, the optimal priority scheme for a given number of classes can be implemented. I provide a program to simultaneously solve for the optimal cut-offs and VCG prices given any discrete valuations and any supply distribution.
’Health, wealth and happiness’ : self-help, personal empowerment, and the makings of the neo-liberal citizen
Creators: name: Eisler, Karyn L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation explores the variety of ways in which actors attempt to constitute themselves as happy, healthy, prosperous individuals through a wide range of self-help and personal empowerment literatures and practices. In-depth interviews with people who seek personal growth, health and financial knowledge provide insight into how their actions and thoughts variously reflect, reject, transform, and reinvent expectations that circulate in the wellness marketplace. These expectations are gleaned from popular materials intended for mass consumption including self-help books, brochures, advertisements and news items, and are analyzed to determine how people are encouraged to think about, and act upon, their happiness, health and finances. These interviews and textual sources together contribute to an understanding of the evolving notions of subjectivity formation, self-governance, and neoliberal citizenship. The analysis shows how oppositional forms of agency may actually contribute to the makings of a certain type of individual who is interested in, and capable of, self-governance. They contribute to 'the workings of the system' by ensuring that actors develop an appetite for the choices they are required to make in the marketplace of wellness knowledge. The threat of resistance to the expectation of self-accountability for the outcomes of bad choices is met with guidance and support to enhance citizens' capacity for effective decision-making. And contentious forms of agency contribute to innovative choice-making strategies that mark individuals as authoritative decision-makers who are unwilling to relinquish autonomy to experts. Critique and reinvention of encouraged modes of thought and action also contribute to attempts by individuals to negotiate criteria for the expertise through which they are governed. In sum, commitment to the principle of 'free agency' fuels resistance, which in turn plays a key role in binding citizens to neo-liberal technologies of government.
The Physical Properties and Effective Temperature Scale of O-type Stars as a Function of Metallicity. II. Analysis of 20 More Magellanic Cloud Stars, and Results from the Complete Sample
Creators: name: Massey, Philip
name: Puls, Joachim
name: Pauldrach, A. W. A.
name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Kudritzki, Rolf P.
name: Simon, Theodore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the optical and UV spectra of an additional sample of 20 Magellanic Cloud O stars, and draw conclusions from the complete sample of 40 stars. We find (1) The SMC O3-7 dwarfs are about 4000 K cooler than their Galactic counterparts; this is in the sense expected from the decreased signficiance of line-blanketing and wind-blanketing at lower metallicities. The difference decreases with later types, becoming negligible by B0 V. A similar difference is found for the supergiants. (2) The wind momentum of these stars scales with luminosity and metallicty in the ways predicted by radiatively-driven wind theory. (3) A comparison of the masses derived from spectroscopy with those derived from stellar evolutionary theory shows a significant discrepancy for stars hotter than 45000, although good agreement is found for cooler stars. (4) For the hottest O stars (O2-3.5) neither the NIII/NIV ratio, nor even the HeI/HeII ratio, does a good job of predicting the effective temperature by itself. Instead, a full analysis is needed to derive physical parameters. Thus there are O3.5V stars which are as hot or hotter than stars classified as O2V. (5) The two stars with the most discordant radial velocities in our sample happen to be O3 "field stars". This provides the first compelling observational evidence that the "field" O stars in the Magellanic Clouds may be runaway OB stars, ejected from their birth place.
description: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal. A version with higher-resolution figures may be found at ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/massey/haw2final.pdf This replacement included a revised version of Fig 29a and the accompanying text
Online fermentation data from the experiment runs in the Sartorius Ambr® 250 system
Creators: name: Bafna-Rührer, Jonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310699
subject: Industrial biotechnology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310114
subject: Systems biology

description: Online fermentation data from the experiment runs in the Sartorius Ambr® 250 system related to the paper manuscript "Repeated glucose oscillations at high cell densities influence stress related functions of Escherichia coli". Output variables were interpolated to fit the same time steps of 9 second intervals.
The Impacts of Water Management Policies on Agricultural Production in Australia - An Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Burdack, Doreen
name: Baldwin, Claudia
name: Lotze-Campen, Hermann
name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Biewald, Anne
name: Burdack, Doreen
name: Baldwin, Claudia
name: Lotze-Campen, Hermann
name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Biewald, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water market
subject: water management policy
subject: agriculture
subject: sustainable water allocation

description: In the Australian Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) the combination of severe and prolonged droughts and historic water management decisions to divert water for cultivation stressed water resources in such an intensive manner that wetlands went dry and rivers are now far from a natural flow. More appropriate water management policies must be implemented to restore ecological function. However, with 39 % of Australia’s total value of agricultural production, transitions in use need to be managed to minimise economic and social impacts on basin communities while they adjust. Recent studies estimate that industries with high water usage but lower or more volatile value products will be impacted more than higher value products. Therefore, this study’s focus is to analyse different water management policies and their impacts on agricultural production, particularly changes in production of water low value and water high value crops and agricultural water consumption. By applying the Water Integrated Market (WatIM)-Model, benefits and costs of water management policies can be evaluated by identifying changes in quantities, prices and economic welfare, such as consumer and producer surplus. The WatIM-Model is a multi-market model combining water low and water high value crop markets and the water market with its supply and demand. Since the MDB is a complex system with different types of agriculture and water sharing rules in each catchment, economic variables are aggregated in the WatIMModel to examine overall trends and changes in the MDB. By the assumption that policy decisions on one market cause reactions on prices, supply and demand on other markets, market interdependencies can be derived. With these results, the merit of shifting production from water low value crops to water high value crops is examined and advantages and disadvantages of water management policies can be determined. This enables refinement of water management policies to optimise social, economic and environmental outcomes.
Nutri-Score and Eco-Score Labeling: A Systematic Review of Their Impact on Consumer Understanding, Attitudes, and Behaviors
Creators: name: Andreani, Giulia
name: Sogari, Giovanni
name: Wongprawmas, Rungsaran
name: Menozzi, Davide
name: Mora, Cristina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The increasing socio-political interest in front-of-pack (FOP) labels is leading to a larger body of consumer studies on the topic. This work explores the current literature on a highly discussed color-coded label format at the European level: the Nutri-Score (NS) and its environmental counterpart, the Eco-Score (ES). Our systematic review investigates consumers’ responses to the labels in terms of consumers’ understanding, attitudes, and behaviors. Results from the retrieved articles (n = 72) showed a positive performance of the NS in promoting objective understanding. Specifically, the NS more consistently led to correct responses in tasks assessing objective understanding (e.g. ranking products based on their nutritional quality) compared to other nutrition labels. Additionally, the NS showed promising effects on purchasing behavior, frequently guiding consumers toward choices with improved nutritional quality. More heterogeneity was identified for subjective understanding. Regarding the ES and the dual-labeling system (i.e. the two labels are displayed simultaneously), the restricted number of studies limited our conclusions and implications. Finally, limitations and suggestions for future research were proposed, as well as policy implications. Given the current socio-political debates on this FOP label format, our analysis can contribute to the ongoing discussion to adopt mandatory FOP labels to support public health.
Threat from being Social: Vulnerability Analysis of Social Network Coupled Smart Grid
Creators: name: Pan, Tianyi
name: Mishra, Subhankar
name: Nguyen, Lan N.
name: Lee, Gunhee
name: Kang, Jungmin
name: Seo, Jungtaek
name: Thai, My T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social Networks (SNs) have been gradually applied by utility companies as an addition to smart grid and are proved to be helpful in smoothing load curves and reducing energy usage. However, SNs also bring in new threats to smart grid: misinformation in SNs may cause smart grid users to alter their demand, resulting in transmission line overloading and in turn leading to catastrophic impact to the grid. In this paper, we discuss the interdependency in the social network coupled smart grid and focus on its vulnerability. That is, how much can the smart grid be damaged when misinformation related to it diffuses in SNs? To analytically study the problem, we propose the Misinformation Attack Problem in Social-Smart Grid (MAPSS) that identifies the top critical nodes in the SN, such that the smart grid can be greatly damaged when misinformation propagates from those nodes. This problem is challenging as we have to incorporate the complexity of the two networks concurrently. Nevertheless, we propose a technique that can explicitly take into account information diffusion in SN, power flow balance and cascading failure in smart grid integratedly when evaluating node criticality, based on which we propose various strategies in selecting the most critical nodes. Also, we introduce controlled load shedding as a protection strategy to reduce the impact of cascading failure. The effectiveness of our algorithms are demonstrated by experiments on IEEE bus test cases as well as the Pegase data set.
description: 16 pages
Annotating Predicate-Argument Structure for a Parallel Treebank
Creators: name: Cyrus, Lea
name: Feddes, Hendrik
name: Schumacher, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: We report on a recently initiated project which aims at building a multi-layered parallel treebank of English and German. Particular attention is devoted to a dedicated predicate-argument layer which is used for aligning translationally equivalent sentences of the two languages. We describe both our conceptual decisions and aspects of their technical realisation. We discuss some selected problems and conclude with a few remarks on how this project relates to similar projects in the field.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
U.S. Agricultural Exports under Public Law 480
Creators: name: Statistics Program Area, Foreign Demand
name: Statistics Program Area, Foreign Demand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: This publication presents a statistical summary of agricultural exports made under food aid programs authorized by Public Law 83-480, the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as amended, and Mutual Security (AID) programs. It covers 19 fiscal years, 1955 through 1973, and updates 12 Years of Achievement under Public Law 480, ERS Foreign 202, issued in November 1967. Exports are reported by commodity group, value, and quantity, when possible, for each year of the 19-year period. The value of exports by country is shown for each year and for the total period. This report adds two new statistical series on exports under food aid programs: (1) country by commodity group and (2) commodity group by country. Exports under credit sales programs--the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) export credit sales program and Export-Import Bank loans and loan guarantees--are reported by commodity group and by country.
ALLOCATING BIOSECURITY RESOURCES IN SPACE AND TIME
Creators: name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Hester, Susan M.
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Hester, Susan M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: search theory
subject: invasive species
subject: dispersal
subject: passive surveillance.

description: Invasive species can cause significant damage to natural environments, agricultural systems, human populations and the economy as a whole. Biological invasions are complex dynamic systems which are inherently uncertain and their control involves allocation of surveillance and treatment resources in space and time. A complicating factor is that there are at least two types of surveillance: active and passive. Active surveillance, undertaken by pest control agencies, has high sensitivity but generally low coverage because of its high cost. Passive surveillance, undertaken by the public, has low sensitivity and may have high coverage depending on human population density. Its effectiveness depends on the extent to which information campaigns succeed in engaging the public to help locate and report pests. Here we use a spatio-temporal model to study the efficient allocation of search and treatment resources in space and time. In particular we look for complementarities between passive and active surveillance. We identify strategies that increase the probability of eradication and/or decrease the cost of managing an invasion. We also explore ways in which the public can be engaged to achieve cost-effective improvements in the probability of detecting and eradicating a pest.
Newton Optimization on Helmholtz Decomposition for Continuous Games
Creators: name: Ramponi, Giorgia
name: Restelli, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many learning problems involve multiple agents optimizing different interactive functions. In these problems, the standard policy gradient algorithms fail due to the non-stationarity of the setting and the different interests of each agent. In fact, algorithms must take into account the complex dynamics of these systems to guarantee rapid convergence towards a (local) Nash equilibrium. In this paper, we propose NOHD (Newton Optimization on Helmholtz Decomposition), a Newton-like algorithm for multi-agent learning problems based on the decomposition of the dynamics of the system in its irrotational (Potential) and solenoidal (Hamiltonian) component. This method ensures quadratic convergence in purely irrotational systems and pure solenoidal systems. Furthermore, we show that NOHD is attracted to stable fixed points in general multi-agent systems and repelled by strict saddle ones. Finally, we empirically compare the NOHD's performance with that of state-of-the-art algorithms on some bimatrix games and in a continuous Gridworld environment.
description: In 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021)
Additional file 7 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7: Table S2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA-IC stimulated pDCs overexpressed in cluster “1” vs cluster “0”. 54 top overexpressed genes in cluster “1” compared to cluster “0”.
Improving the Jet Reconstruction with the Particle Flow Method; an Introduction
Creators: name: Brient, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the future electron-positron TeV linear collider, the reachable physics will be strongly dependent on the detector capability to reconstruct high energy jets in multi-jet environment. At LEP, SLD experiments, a technique combining charged tracks and calorimetric information has been used to improve the jet energy/direction reconstruction. Starting from this experience, it has been proposed to go from partial individual particle reconstruction to complete (or full) individual reconstruction. Different studies have shown that the reachable resolution is far beyond any realistic hope from calorimetric-only measurement.
description: To be published in the CALOR04 conference proceedings, Perugia April 2004
Random Isotropic Structures and Possible Glass Transitions in Diblock Copolymer Melts
Creators: name: Zhang, C. -Z.
name: Wang, Z. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the microstructural glass transitions in diblock-copolymer melts using a thermodynamic replica approach. Our approach performs an expansion in terms of the natural smallness parameter -- the inverse of the scaled degree of polymerization, which allows us to systematically study the approach to mean-field behavior as the degree of polymerization increases. We find that in the limit of infinite long polymer chains, both the onset of glassiness and the vitrification transition (Kauzmann temperature) collapse to the mean-field spinodal, suggesting that the spinodal can be regarded as the mean-field signature for glass transitions in this class of systems. We also study the order-disorder transitions (ODT) within the same theoretical framework; in particular, we include the leading-order fluctuation corrections due to the cubic interaction in the coarse-grained Hamiltonian, which has been ignored in previous works on the ODT in block copolymers. We find that the cubic term stabilizes both the ordered (body-centered-cubic) phase and the glassy state relative to the disordered phase. While in melts of symmetric copolymers the glass transition always occurs after the order-disorder transition (below the ODT temperature), for asymmetric copolymers, it is possible that the glass transition precedes the ordering transition.
description: An error corrected in the reference
Twenty-Five Year Review of Public Law 480 and Other U.S. Food Aid Programs, Fiscal Years 1955-79
Creators: name: Libbin, Susan
name: Libbin, Susan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: P.L. 480
subject: Food Aid

description: This report reviews the changes which have occurred in Public Law (P.L.) 480 programs, commodities and recipients over the 1955-79 period. The goals of P.L. 480 shifted from disposing of U.S. surpluses to encouraging economic development and combating hunger. P.L. 480 exports peaked in 1965. Developing countries took over three-fourths of all P.L. 480 exports--consisting mainly of grains. As recipient countries increased their economic growth and foreign exchange earnings, they generally increased their commercial purchases of U.S. farm products and terminated or reduced their reliance on food aid. Demand for food aid in the poorest countries is to continue likely in the near future.
description: This paper was produced for limited distribution to the research community outside the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand: A Catchment-Level Analysis
Creators: name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
name: Sinclair, Robyn
name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Samarasinghe, Oshadhi
name: Sinclair, Robyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agriculture and Forestry Modeling
subject: Land Use
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Greenhouse Gas Emissions
subject: Water Quantity
subject: Water Quality

description: This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation project within the catchment. Results show that while adding irrigation can improve farm output and revenue, it also results in dramatically higher GHG emissions and nutrient loads. Placing a carbon price on land-based activities diminishes some of these pollutants, but not at the same rate as when the policy what enacted on the baseline irrigation levels. Finally, we investigate the impacts of imposing a nutrient loading cap on farm activities instead of a carbon price and find that if landowners had greater access to irrigation but were constrained to hold the nutrient loads at baseline levels, revenue could increase by 6% over the baseline while GHG emissions could be reduced by 5%. Our findings suggest that while there is a potentially a strong trade-off between water quantity and water quality in the Hurunui Catchment, imposing the right policy levers could reduce some of the environmental impacts from an increase in land-use intensity without placing a large economic or regulatory burden on its landowners.
Additional file 6 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6: Figure S4. Interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, GM-CSF and interferon (IFN) –α increase type I IFN production by pDCs stimulated with RNA-IC.
Metallic ground state and glassy transport in single crystalline URh$_2$Ge$_2$: Enhancement of disorder effects in a strongly correlated electron system
Creators: name: Süllow, S.
name: Maksimov, I.
name: Otop, A.
name: Litterst, F. J.
name: Perucchi, A.
name: Degiorgi, L.
name: Mydosh, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the electronic transport properties on a single crystalline specimen of the moderately disordered heavy fermion system URh$_2$Ge$_2$. For this material, we find glassy electronic transport in a single crystalline compound. We derive the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and establish metallicity by means of optical conductivity and Hall effect measurements. The overall behavior of the electronic transport properties closely resembles that of metallic glasses, with at low temperatures an additional minor spin disorder contribution. We argue that this glassy electronic behavior in a crystalline compound reflects the enhancement of disorder effects as consequence of strong electronic correlations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRL
Protection of Intellectual Property while Outsourcing
Creators: name: Sen Gupta, Rajorshi
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Sen Gupta, Rajorshi
name: Love, H. Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Intellectual Property Protection
subject: Outsourcing
subject: Product Differentiation
subject: R&D

description: Food and Beverage companies need to share their Intellectual Property (IP) when they outsource production and/or R&D to contract agents. IP sharing can facilitate misappropriation and the contractor may eventually start competing with the client. We design an incentive compatible contract that can protect company IP. A two-pronged strategy is proposed: Companies should share less know-how and give high incentive payments to deter IP misappropriation. Strategies like product differentiation may be highly useful to deter piracy.
A Link Generator for Increasing the Utility of OpenAPI-to-GraphQL Translations
Creators: name: Kus, Dominik Adam
name: Koren, István
name: Klamma, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.5; C.2.0

description: Standardized interfaces are the connecting link of today's distributed systems, facilitating access to data services in the cloud. REST APIs have been prevalent over the last years, despite several issues like over- and underfetching of resources. GraphQL enjoys rapid adoption, resolving these problems by using statically typed queries. However, the redevelopment of services to the new paradigm is costly. Therefore, several approaches for the successive migration from REST to GraphQL have been proposed, many leveraging OpenAPI service descriptions. In this article, we present the findings of our empirical evaluation on the APIs.guru directory and identify several schema translation challenges. These include less expressive schema types in GraphQL, as well as missing meta information about related resources in OpenAPI. To this end, we developed the open source Link Generator, that analyzes OpenAPI documents and automatically adds links to increase translation utility. This fundamentally benefits around 34% of APIs in the APIs.guru directory. Our findings and tool support contribute to the ongoing discussion about the migration of REST APIs to GraphQL, and provide developers with valuable insights into common pitfalls, to reduce friction during API transformation.
description: WWW2020 Developer Track