cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Induced Magnonic Chern Insulator in Collinear Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Li, Yun-Mei
name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Chang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal fluctuation in magnets will bring temperature-dependent self-energy corrections to the magnons, however, their effects on the topological orders of magnons is not well explored. Here we demonstrate that such corrections can induce a Chern insulating phase in two-dimensional collinear antiferromagnets with sublattice asymmetries by increasing temperature. We present the phase diagram of the system and show that the trivial magnon bands at zero temperature exhibit Chern insulating phase above a critical temperature before the paramagnetic phase transition. The self-energy corrections close and reopen the bandgap at Γ or K points, accompanied by a magnon chirality switch and nontrivial Berry curvature transition. The thermal Hall effect of magnons or detecting the magnon polarization can give experimentally prominent signatures of topological transitions. We include the numerical results based on van der Waals magnet MnPS3, calling for experimental implementation. Our work presents a new paradigm for constructing topological phase that is beyond the linear spin wave theory.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 4 of Diversity and composition of gut microbiota in healthy individuals and patients at different stages of hepatitis B virus-related liver disease
Creators: name: Lin, Meng-Ju
name: Su, Tung-Hung
name: Chen, Chieh-Chang
name: Wu, Wei-Kai
name: Hsu, Shih-Jer
name: Tseng, Tai-Chung
name: Liao, Sih-Han
name: Hong, Chun-Ming
name: Yang, Hung-Chih
name: Liu, Chun-Jen
name: Wu, Ming-Shiang
name: Kao, Jia-Horng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Comparison of Level 2 KEGG pathways.
title: Betreuungsmodelle in der frühkindlichen Bildung
title: Stellungnahme zur Anhörung des Ausschusses für Familie, Kinder und Jugend am 19. April 2018
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Stöbe-Blossey, Sybille
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Kurz gefasst:
Bildung, Erziehung und Betreuung sind miteinander verknüpfte Kernfunktionen von Tageseinrichtungen für Kinder. Aktuell steht insbesondere die Weiterentwicklung der Betreuungsfunktion auf der Agenda, um die Rahmenbedingungen für die Erwerbstätigkeit von Eltern und somit für die Bekämpfung von Kinderarmut zu verbessern.
Dabei müssen Lösungen ermöglicht werden, die den individuell sehr unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen der einzelnen Familien Rechnung tragen. Landesweite Bedarfserhebungen in Form von Umfragen mit dem Ziel einer verbesserten Planung helfen hier nicht weiter; die Aufgabe des Landes ist es vielmehr, die Flexibilität des Systems der Kindertageseinrichtungen so zu stärken, dass es vor Ort auf die konkreten Bedürfnisse der einzelnen Familien reagieren kann.
Die Flexibilität des Systems kann durch Reformen innerhalb des nordrhein-westfälischen Kinderbildungsgesetzes (KiBiz) zeitnah deutlich erhöht werden – beispielsweise durch Zuschüsse für erweiterte Öffnungszeiten, eine bessere Finanzierung der Tagespflege für Randzeiten, die Entwicklung von geeigneten pädagogischen Konzepten für eine kindgerechte Gestaltung langer Betreuungszeiten und eine zeitgleiche Stärkung der Betreuung von (Grund-)Schulkindern.
Angesichts der spürbaren Personalknappheit in Kindertageseinrichtungen erfordert jede Weiterentwicklung des Systems eine Fachkräfteinitiative, um Personal für dieses Arbeitsfeld zu gewinnen und zu halten.
Ask and Ye Shall Receive? Automated Text Mining of Michigan Capital Facility Finance Bond Election Proposals to Identify which Topics are Associated with Bond Passage and Voter Turnout
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: School facilities--Finance
School bonds
Referendum
Data mining
Regional planning
Education--Finance

description: The purpose of this study is to bring together recent innovations in the research literature around school district capital facility finance, municipal bond elections, statistical models of conditional time-varying outcomes, and data mining algorithms for automated text mining of election ballot proposals to examine the factors that influence the probability of school districts in the state of Michigan passing or failing capital facility finance bond elections from 1998-2014. Automated text mining is a data mining technique that identifies latent topics from a corpus of documents. We used an unsupervised correlated topic model to analyze the full text wording of all 1,210 school district capital facility bond election ballot proposals in Michigan over 16 years. The model identified 9 different latent topics across the bonds, including requests to purchase new buildings, renovations, and athletic facilities. Interestingly, equipment purchases appear to be a distinct category of bond proposal topics. We then examined the independent effect of the bond topics on the probability of passing the bond and voter turnout using modeling techniques and control variables from the recent literature. Bonds that focused exclusively on athletic facilities were 4.35 times less likely to pass than bonds that request new construction or omnibus ballot proposals. This work extends previous research to show that capital facility bond proposals that pass the most often include all facility needs in a single ballot proposal, are the first attempt at the polls, are at the top of the ballot, and request lower amounts of spending.
Measuring and visualizing resilience: a railway example
Creators: name: LINDVALL, Johan
name: KECKLUND, Lena
name: ARVIDSSON, Marcus
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Two studies are presented where a method for measuring and visualizing resilience engineering in a railway domain is developed. In Study 1 a new questionnaire measuring resilience abilities of an organizational function were tested for descriptive purposes. In Study 2, the questionnaire was used proactively where the aim was to predict resilience abilities after an organizational change. The result from the two studies shows that resilience abilities may be measured and visualized effectively both for descriptive and predictive purposes. Implications for the HTO-perspective and future development are discussed.
Construction of boundary conditions for Navier-Stokes equations from the moment system
Creators: name: Li, Ruo
name: Yang, Yichen
name: Zhou, Yizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work concerns with boundary conditions (BCs) of the linearized moment system for rarefied gases. As the Knudsen number is sufficiently small, we analyze the boundary-layer behaviors of the moment system by resorting to a three-scale asymptotic expansion. The asymptotic analysis casts the flows into the outer solution, the viscous layer and the Knudsen layer. Starting from the BCs of the moment system, we propose a matching requirement and construct BCs for the Navier-Stokes equations. The obtained BCs contain the effect of second-order terms on the velocity slip and temperature jump. For the illustrative case of the Couette flow, we prove the validity of the constructed BCs through the error estimates. Meanwhile, numerical tests are presented to show the performance of the constructed BCs.
Spatial variability of extractable potassium in sandy-paddy soils in Northeast of Thailand: study of optimal distance between the sampling points
Creators: name: Natthawipa Onramai, Porntip Phontusang
Publisher: name: Faculty of Agriculture
Year: 2020
Subjects: potassium, semivariogram, geostatistics, precision agriculture

description: Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 48, 6, 1266-1275
Additional file 4 of Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of guidelines in rare diseases: a systematic review
Creators: name: Gittus, Matthew
name: Chong, Jiehan
name: Sutton, Anthea
name: Ong, Albert C. M.
name: Fotheringham, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4. List of excluded studies at full-text stage.
Interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone and OH: The role of lightning
Creators: name: Murray, Lee T.
name: Logan, Jennifer A.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Lightning
subject: Hydroxides
subject: Climatic changes--Research
subject: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Atmospheric chemistry

description: Nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx) produced by lightning are natural precursors for the production of the dominant tropospheric oxidants, OH and ozone. Observations of the interannual variability (IAV) of tropical ozone and of global mean OH (from the methyl chloroform proxy) offer a window for understanding the sensitivity of ozone and OH to environmental factors. We present the results of simulations for 1998–2006 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) with IAV in tropical lightning constrained by satellite observations from the Lightning Imaging Sensor. We find that this imposed IAV in lightning NOx improves the ability of the model to reproduce observed IAV in tropical ozone and OH. Lightning is far more important than biomass burning in driving the IAV of tropical ozone, even though the IAV of NOx emissions from fires is greater than that from lightning. Our results indicate that the IAV in tropospheric OH is highly sensitive to lightning relative to other emissions and suggest that lightning contributes an important fraction of the observed IAV in OH inferred from the methyl chloroform proxy. Lightning affects OH through the HO2+ NO reaction, an effect compounded by positive feedback from the resulting increase in ozone production and in CO loss. We can account in the model for the observed increase in OH in 1998–2004 and for its IAV, but the model fails to explain the OH decrease in 2004–2006. We find that stratospheric ozone plays little role in driving IAV in OH during 1998–2006, in contrast to previous studies that examined earlier periods.
The X-ray Spectrum and Spectral Energy Distribution of FIRST J155633.8+351758: a LoBAL Quasar with a Probable Polar Outflow
Creators: name: Berrington, Robert C.
name: Brotherton, Michael S.
name: Gallagher, Sarah C.
name: Ganguly, Rajib
name: Shang, Zhaohui
name: DiPompeo, Michael
name: Chatterjee, Ritaban
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Gregg, Michael D.
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Laurent-Muehleisen, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a new 60 ks Chandra X-ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer S-array (ACIS-S) observation of the reddened, radio-selected, highly polarized `FeLoBAL' quasar FIRST J1556+3517. We investigated a number of models of varied sophistication to fit the 531-photon spectrum. These models ranged from simple power laws to power laws absorbed by hydrogen gas in differing ionization states and degrees of partial covering. Preferred fits indicate that the intrinsic X-ray flux is consistent with that expected for quasars of similarly high luminosity, i.e., an intrinsic, dereddened and unabsorbed optical to X-ray spectral index of -1.7. We cannot tightly constrain the intrinsic X-ray power-law slope, but find indications that it is flat (photon index Gamma = 1.7 or flatter at a >99% confidence for a neutral hydrogen absorber model). Absorption is present, with a column density a few times 10^23 cm^-2, with both partially ionized models and partially covering neutral hydrogen models providing good fits. We present several lines of argument that suggest the fraction of X-ray emissions associated with the radio jet is not large. We combine our Chandra data with observations from the literature to construct the spectral energy distribution of FIRST J1556+3517 from radio to X-ray energies. We make corrections for Doppler beaming for the pole-on radio jet, optical dust reddening, and X-ray absorption, in order to recover a probable intrinsic spectrum. The quasar FIRST J1556+3517 seems to be an intrinsically normal radio-quiet quasar with a reddened optical/UV spectrum, a Doppler-boosted but intrinsically weak radio jet, and an X-ray absorber not dissimilar from that of other broad absorption line quasars.
description: to be published in MNRAS
W-boson mass anomaly as a manifestation of spontaneously broken additional SU(2) global symmetry on a new fundamental scale
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the CDF Collaboration has announced a new precise measurement of the $W$-boson mass $M_W$ that deviates from the Standard Model (SM) prediction by $7σ$. The discrepancy in $M_W$ is about $Δ_W\simeq70$ MeV and probably caused by a beyond the SM physics. Within a certain scenario of extension of the SM, we obtain the relation $Δ_W\simeq\frac{3α}{8π}M_W\simeq70$ MeV, where $α$ is the electromagnetic fine structure constant. The main conjecture is the appearance of longitudinal components of the $W$-bosons as the Goldstone bosons of a spontaneously broken additional $SU(2)$ global symmetry at distances much smaller than the electroweak symmetry breaking scale. We argue that within this scenario, the masses of charged Higgs scalars can get an electromagnetic radiative contribution which enhances the observed value of $M_{W^\pm}$ with respect to the usual SM prediction. Our relation for $Δ_W$ follows from the known one-loop result for the corresponding effective Coleman-Weinberg potential in combination with the Weinberg sum rules.
description: 8 pages
Climate science consensus communication across the globe
Creators: name: Jonathan Van 'T Riet
name: Bleize, Daniëlle N.M.
name: Schaap, Gabi
name: Van Stekelenburg, Aart
name: Doell, Kimberly
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Preregistration of a study with the goal to test and estimate the effect of communicating scientific consensus about climate change on belief in human-caused climate change and perceived scientific consensus across the globe.
Clustering consistency with Dirichlet process mixtures
Creators: name: Ascolani, Filippo
name: Lijoi, Antonio
name: Rebaudo, Giovanni
name: Zanella, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dirichlet process mixtures are flexible non-parametric models, particularly suited to density estimation and probabilistic clustering. In this work we study the posterior distribution induced by Dirichlet process mixtures as the sample size increases, and more specifically focus on consistency for the unknown number of clusters when the observed data are generated from a finite mixture. Crucially, we consider the situation where a prior is placed on the concentration parameter of the underlying Dirichlet process. Previous findings in the literature suggest that Dirichlet process mixtures are typically not consistent for the number of clusters if the concentration parameter is held fixed and data come from a finite mixture. Here we show that consistency for the number of clusters can be achieved if the concentration parameter is adapted in a fully Bayesian way, as commonly done in practice. Our results are derived for data coming from a class of finite mixtures, with mild assumptions on the prior for the concentration parameter and for a variety of choices of likelihood kernels for the mixture.
Collaboration between HR and line management – Enhancing learning in complex work
Creators: name: KURKI, Anna-Leena
name: SCHAUPP, Marika
name: LINDSTRÖM, Sara
name: MÄKI, Eerikki
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: In the safety critical nuclear industry, the tension between the predictability of processes that ensures safety and flexible practices in managing unexpected situations poses a challenge for developing organizational capabilities. The regulatory, standardized side of nuclear production is well managed in the industry through professional training. The challenge is, however, to support learning that allows routine practices to evolve and develop into new ones when needed, forming new capabilities for the organization. In this paper, we analyse the collaboration between HR and line management for enhancing the learning of new practices in a complex work environment, and discuss how the predominant forms of collaboration rise to this challenge.
Thickness and power dependence of the spin-pumping effect in Y3Fe5O12/Pt heterostructures measured by the inverse spin Hall effect
Creators: name: Jungfleisch, M. B.
name: Chumak, A. V.
name: Kehlberger, A.
name: Lauer, V.
name: Kim, D. H.
name: Onbasli, M. C.
name: Ross, C. A.
name: Kläui, M.
name: Hillebrands, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the spin-pumping effect on the yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) thickness detected by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) has been investigated quantitatively. Due to the spin-pumping effect driven by the magnetization precession in the ferrimagnetic insulator YIG film a spin-polarized electron current is injected into the Pt layer. This spin current is transformed into electrical charge current by means of the ISHE. An increase of the ISHE-voltage with increasing film thickness is observed and compared to the theoretically expected behavior. The effective damping parameter of the YIG/Pt samples is found to be enhanced with decreasing YIG film thickness. The investigated samples exhibit a spin mixing conductance of g=(7.43 \pm 0.36) \times 10^{18} m^{-2} and a spin Hall angle of theta_{ISHE} = 0.009 \pm 0.0008. Furthermore, the influence of nonlinear effects on the generated voltage and on the Gilbert damping parameter at high excitation powers are revealed. It is shown that for small YIG film thicknesses a broadening of the linewidth due to nonlinear effects at high excitation powers is suppressed because of a lack of nonlinear multi-magnon scattering channels. We have found that the variation of the spin-pumping efficiency for thick YIG samples exhibiting pronounced nonlinear effects is much smaller than the nonlinear enhancement of the damping.
Generalization of DNA microarray dispersion properties: microarray equivalent of t-distribution
Creators: name: Novak, Jaroslav
name: Kim, Seon-Young
name: Xu, Jun
name: Modlich, Olga
name: Volsky, David Julian
name: Honys, David
name: Slonczewski, Joan
name: Bell, Douglas
name: Blattner, Fred
name: Blumwald, Eduardo
name: Boerma, Marjan
name: Cosio, Manuel
name: Gatalica, Zoran
name: Hajduch, Marian
name: Hidalgo, Juan
name: McInnes, Roderick
name: Miller III, Merrill
name: Penkowa, Milena
name: Rolph, Michael
name: Sottosanto, Jordan
name: St-Arnaud, Rene
name: Szego, Michael
name: Twell, David
name: Wang, Charles
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Gene expression--Mathematical models
subject: Gene expression--Data processing
subject: Biometry
subject: DNA microarrays--Statistical methods
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: DNA microarrays are a powerful technology that can provide a wealth of gene expression data for disease studies, drug development, and a wide scope of other investigations. Because of the large volume and inherent variability of DNA microarray data, many new statistical methods have been developed for evaluating the significance of the observed differences in gene expression. However, until now little attention has been given to the characterization of dispersion of DNA microarray data. Results: Here we examine the expression data obtained from 682 Affymetrix GeneChips® with 22 different types and we demonstrate that the Gaussian (normal) frequency distribution is characteristic for the variability of gene expression values. However, typically 5 to 15% of the samples deviate from normality. Furthermore, it is shown that the frequency distributions of the difference of expression in subsets of ordered, consecutive pairs of genes (consecutive samples) in pair-wise comparisons of replicate experiments are also normal. We describe a consecutive sampling method, which is employed to calculate the characteristic function approximating standard deviation and show that the standard deviation derived from the consecutive samples is equivalent to the standard deviation obtained from individual genes. Finally, we determine the boundaries of probability intervals and demonstrate that the coefficients defining the intervals are independent of sample characteristics, variability of data, laboratory conditions and type of chips. These coefficients are very closely correlated with Student's t-distribution. Conclusion: In this study we ascertained that the non-systematic variations possess Gaussian distribution, determined the probability intervals and demonstrated that the Kα coefficients defining these intervals are invariant; these coefficients offer a convenient universal measure of dispersion of data. The fact that the Kα distributions are so close to t-distribution and independent of conditions and type of arrays suggests that the quantitative data provided by Affymetrix technology give "true" representation of physical processes, involved in measurement of RNA abundance.
Financial interaction networks inferred from traded volumes
Creators: name: Zeng, Hongli
name: Lemoy, Rémi
name: Alava, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to use the advanced inference techniques available for Ising models, we transform complex data (real vectors) into binary strings, by local averaging and thresholding. This transformation introduces parameters, which must be varied to characterize the behaviour of the system. The approach is illustrated on financial data, using three inference methods -- equilibrium, synchronous and asynchronous inference -- to construct functional connections between stocks. We show that the traded volume information is enough to obtain well known results about financial markets, which use however the presumably richer price information: collective behaviour ("market mode") and strong interactions within industry sectors. Synchronous and asynchronous Ising inference methods give results which are coherent with equilibrium ones, and more detailed since the obtained interaction networks are directed.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Shadows of rationals and irrationals: supersymmetric continued fractions and the super modular group
Creators: name: Conley, Charles H.
name: Ovsienko, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J70, 81Q60

description: This paper is an attempt to apply the tools of supergeometry to arithmetic. Supergeometric objects are defined over supercommutative rings of coefficients, and we consider an integral ring with exactly two odd variables. In this case the even quantities, such as numbers and continued fractions, are doubled, having both a classical and a nilpotent part. We refer to the nilpotent part as the shadow. We investigate the notions of supersymmetric continued fractions and the orthosymplectic modular group and make some initial steps toward studying their properties.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
The evolution of dusty torus covering factor in quasars
Creators: name: Gu, Minfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have assembled a large sample of 5996 quasars at redshift 2.0=< z <= 2.4 (high-z) or 0.7=< z <= 1.1 (low-z) from SDSS data release nine and seven quasar catalogs. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of quasars were constructed by collecting WISE, UKIDSS, and GALEX photometric data in addition to SDSS, from which the IR luminosity at 1-7 μm and bolometric luminosity at 1100 Å- 1 μm were calculated. A red tail is clearly seen in the distributions of the spectral index in 1100 Å- 1 μm both for high-z and low-z sources, which is likely due to red or reddened quasars. The covering factor of dusty torus is estimated as the ratio of the IR luminosity to the bolometric luminosity. We found significant anti-correlations between the covering factor and bolometric luminosity, in both high-z and low-z quasars, however they follow different tracks. At overlapped bolometric luminosity, the covering factor of high-z quasars are systematically larger than those of low-z quasars, implying an evolution of covering factor with redshift.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, accepted to ApJ, text slightly revised
A chaotic view of behavior change: a quantum leap for health promotion
Creators: name: Resnicow, Ken
name: Vaughan, Roger D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic behavior in systems--Statistical methods
subject: Deterministic chaos
subject: Coupled problems (Complex systems)
subject: Quantum chaos
subject: Nutrition--Psychological aspects
subject: Exercise--Psychological aspects
subject: Health behavior
subject: Biometry
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: The study of health behavior change, including nutrition and physical activity behaviors, has been rooted in a cognitive-rational paradigm. Change is conceptualized as a linear, deterministic process where individuals weigh pros and cons, and at the point at which the benefits outweigh the cost change occurs. Consistent with this paradigm, the associated statistical models have almost exclusively assumed a linear relationship between psychosocial predictors and behavior. Such a perspective however, fails to account for non-linear, quantum influences on human thought and action. Consider why after years of false starts and failed attempts, a person succeeds at increasing their physical activity, eating healthier or losing weight. Or, why after years of success a person relapses. This paper discusses a competing view of health behavior change that was presented at the 2006 annual ISBNPA meeting in Boston. Discussion: Rather than viewing behavior change from a linear perspective it can be viewed as a quantum event that can be understood through the lens of Chaos Theory and Complex Dynamic Systems. Key principles of Chaos Theory and Complex Dynamic Systems relevant to understanding health behavior change include: 1) Chaotic systems can be mathematically modeled but are nearly impossible to predict; 2) Chaotic systems are sensitive to initial conditions; 3) Complex Systems involve multiple component parts that interact in a nonlinear fashion; and 4) The results of Complex Systems are often greater than the sum of their parts. Accordingly, small changes in knowledge, attitude, efficacy, etc may dramatically alter motivation and behavioral outcomes. And the interaction of such variables can yield almost infinite potential patterns of motivation and behavior change. In the linear paradigm unaccounted for variance is generally relegated to the catch all "error" term, when in fact such "error" may represent the chaotic component of the process. The linear and chaotic paradigms are however, not mutually exclusive, as behavior change may include both chaotic and cognitive processes. Studies of addiction suggest that many decisions to change are quantum rather than planned events; motivation arrives as opposed to being planned. Moreover, changes made through quantum processes appear more enduring than those that involve more rational, planned processes. How such processes may apply to nutrition and physical activity behavior and related interventions merits examination.
Additional file 5 of Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of guidelines in rare diseases: a systematic review
Creators: name: Gittus, Matthew
name: Chong, Jiehan
name: Sutton, Anthea
name: Ong, Albert C. M.
name: Fotheringham, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 5. Included study characteristics.
Role of Quantum Coherence in Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Gour, Gilad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find necessary and sufficient conditions to determine the inter-convertibility of quantum systems under time-translation covariant evolution, and use it to solve several problems in quantum thermodynamics both in the single-shot and asymptotic regimes. It is well known that the resource theory of quantum athermality is not reversible, but in PRL 111, 250404 (2013) it was claimed that the theory becomes reversible ``provided a sublinear amount of coherent superposition over energy levels is available". Here we show that if a sublinear amount of coherence among energy levels were considered free, then the resource theory of athermality would become trivial. Instead, we show that by considering a sublinear amount of energy to be free, the theory of athermality becomes reversible for the pure-state case. A proof of the same claim for the mixed-state case is still lacking.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure, published version
2017_Jun_IJSTM_BSchool2LSchool.pdf
Creators: name: Sudeep B Chandramana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy

description: In a fast-changing global marketplace, understanding the fundamental connections between business, society and environment has become an indispensable requirement. The roles and responsibilities of business leaders as change agents are becoming more urgent and complex, and concepts related to societal responsibility and sustainability are gaining recognition as significant elements in business strategy. Global sustainability has evolved into a complex, dynamic term interpreting economic, social, cultural, environmental and governance dimensions in analysis, discussion, policy development and implementation around the world. The Triple Bottom Line, provides a systematic approach in these lines and unravels how we might work in the 21st century. Academic institutions facilitate shaping up of behaviour and attitude of managers and leaders through business education, research, management development programs, training, and other activities, like the extent and promotion of new values and ideas. Here, in addition to the role played by Corporate and NGOs, there is a responsibility for B-Schools to take up the task of shaping managers and leaders of the future. Through a progressive approach, they have the potential to generate a wave of positive change, thus helping to ensure a world where both enterprises and societies can flourish. Investing in education and skills development with better student engagement and creation of a higher sense of social and ethical responsibility is crucial for a sustainable future. This paper presents a functional approach to provide tomorrow‟s leaders with the necessary knowledge to comprehend and embrace issues of sustainability with reference to Corporate, NGOs and more importantly B-Schools.
Spontaneous, collective coherence in driven, dissipative cavity arrays
Creators: name: Ruiz-Rivas, J.
name: del Valle, E.
name: Gies, C.
name: Gartner, P.
name: Hartmann, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an array of dissipative tunnel-coupled cavities, each interacting with an incoherently pumped two-level emitter. For cavities in the lasing regime, we find correlations between the light fields of distant cavities, despite the dissipation and the incoherent nature of the pumping mechanism. These correlations decay exponentially with distance for arrays in any dimension but become increasingly long ranged with increasing photon tunneling between adjacent cavities. The interaction-dominated and the tunneling-dominated regimes show markedly different scaling of the correlation length which always remains finite due to the finite photon trapping time. We propose a series of observables to characterize the spontaneous build-up of collective coherence in the system.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, including supplemental material (with 4 pages, 1 figure). This is a shorter version with some modifications in the supplemental material (a gap in the proof was closed and calculations significantly generalized and improved)
Enhanced physics-informed neural networks for hyperelasticity
Creators: name: Abueidda, Diab W.
name: Koric, Seid
name: Guleryuz, Erman
name: Sobh, Nahil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physics-informed neural networks have gained growing interest. Specifically, they are used to solve partial differential equations governing several physical phenomena. However, physics-informed neural network models suffer from several issues and can fail to provide accurate solutions in many scenarios. We discuss a few of these challenges and the techniques, such as the use of Fourier transform, that can be used to resolve these issues. This paper proposes and develops a physics-informed neural network model that combines the residuals of the strong form and the potential energy, yielding many loss terms contributing to the definition of the loss function to be minimized. Hence, we propose using the coefficient of variation weighting scheme to dynamically and adaptively assign the weight for each loss term in the loss function. The developed PINN model is standalone and meshfree. In other words, it can accurately capture the mechanical response without requiring any labeled data. Although the framework can be used for many solid mechanics problems, we focus on three-dimensional (3D) hyperelasticity, where we consider two hyperelastic models. Once the model is trained, the response can be obtained almost instantly at any point in the physical domain, given its spatial coordinates. We demonstrate the framework's performance by solving different problems with various boundary conditions.
Italian Initiatives towards the EOSC
Creators: name: Lazzeri, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: EOSC
Open Science
Italy
ICDI
Support

description: This presentation depicts the Italian initiatives towards the EOSC, and was given at the Meeting of the EOSC-A Upskilling Countries to engage in EOSC Task Force. Italy road towards the EOSC is made of both bottom up and top down elements: Bottom up: ICDI (Italian Computing and Data Infrastructure), coordinating the national participation to the EOSC ICDI Competence Centre, providing training and support to the local community www.open-science.it informative portal spreading the open science principles and best practicies Top Down National Law on Open Access to scientific publications National Open Science Plan Signature of the COARA initiative on reforming research assessment by the Italian National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes
Structured Expert Judgment Elicitation in Conceptual Aircraft Design
Creators: name: Todorov, Vladislav T.
name: Rakov, Dmitry
name: Bardenhagen, Andreas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: conceptual design in aerospace
subject: Advanced Morphological Approach
subject: structured expert judgment elicitation

description: Disruptive technologies and novel aircraft generations represent a potential approach to address the ambitious emission reduction goals in aviation. However, the introduction of innovative concepts is a time-consuming process, which might not necessarily yield an optimal design for a given flight mission and within the defined time frame. In order to address the need for a structured and more exhaustive search for novel concept generations, the Advanced Morphological Approach (AMA) and its further enhancement was introduced earlier. It implies the decomposition of design problems into functional attributes and appropriate technological alternatives. Subsequently, these are evaluated and combined into solutions, which are then projected onto a solution space. The current paper focuses on the technology evaluation step by deriving and integrating structured expert judgment elicitation (SEJE) techniques into conceptual aircraft design with the AMA. For this purpose, the first aim of the work is to justify the developed method by giving an overview and discussing the most prominent SEJE methods and their applications in aerospace. Then, the derived SEJE concept is described and applied in the form of an expert workshop on the use case of wing morphing architecture. As a result, a solution space of wing morphing architecture configurations is generated and analyzed. The workshop conduction and the expert feedback serve as valuable findings for both the further AMA enhancement and similar research.
title: Isolation and identification of some cyanobacteria and their plant growth promoting effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Ethiopia
Creators: name: Krishna Moorthy Sivalingam  & Abera Batiri
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Inclusive Development, Wolaita Sodo University
Year: 2020

description: Cyanobacteria are gram negative photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms otherwise known as Blue Green Algae (BGA). Numerous cyanobacteria were isolated and identified worldwide and most of them are known to possess the ability to discharge plant growth promoting substances as well as fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Therefore, the present study mainly focussed on evaluating the plant growth promoting activity of cyanobacterial isolates using wheat as an experimental crop by seed germination and pot experiments. In the present study, five different cyanobacterial species were isolated and identified as Pseudanabaena galeata KA1, Oscillatoria perornata KA2, Phormidium acutum KA3, Rivularia sp. KA4 and Lyngbya sp. KA5 based on the morphometric characters using microscopic investigations. The heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 at 0.3% aqueous concentration showed significantly (p<0.05) highest results in the morphological parameters as well as in the biochemical parameters under seed germinations experiment. The same heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 at 2g dried application significantly (p<0.05) boosted the morphological growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) of the experimental crop under pot experiment when compared to all other cyanobacterial species, chemical fertilizer treatment, and control. Therefore, the heterocystous cyanobacterial isolate Rivularia sp. KA4 at 3% aqueous extracts can be used to do the pretreatment of wheat seeds and the same heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 can also be used as biofertilizers in both dried as well as liquid form for the cultivation of T. aestivum.
Inhibition of prefrontal protein synthesis following recall does not disrupt memory for trace fear conditioning
Creators: name: Blum, Sonja
name: Runyan, Jason
name: Dash, Pramod
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Fear--Physiological aspects
subject: Proteins--Synthesis--Regulation
subject: Hippocampus (Brain)--Physiology
subject: Prefrontal cortex
subject: Long-term memory
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: The extent of similarity between consolidation and reconsolidation is not yet fully understood. One of the differences noted is that not every brain region involved in consolidation exhibits reconsolidation. In trace fear conditioning, the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are required for consolidation of long-term memory. We have previously demonstrated that trace fear memory is susceptible to infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin into the hippocampus following recall. In the present study, we examine whether protein synthesis inhibition in the mPFC following recall similarly results in the observation of reconsolidation of trace fear memory. Results: Targeted intra-mPFC infusions of anisomycin or vehicle were performed immediately following recall of trace fear memory at 24 hours, or at 30 days, following training in a one-day or a two-day protocol. The present study demonstrates three key findings: 1) trace fear memory does not undergo protein synthesis dependent reconsolidation in the PFC, regardless of the intensity of the training, and 2) regardless of whether the memory is recent or remote, and 3) intra-mPFC inhibition of protein synthesis immediately following training impaired remote (30 days) memory. Conclusion: These results suggest that not all structures that participate in memory storage are involved in reconsolidation. Alternatively, certain types of memory-related information may reconsolidate, while other components of memory may not.
Hamiltonian facets of classical gauge theories on $E$-manifolds
Creators: name: Mir, Pau
name: Miranda, Eva
name: Nicolás, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Manifolds with boundary, with corners, $b$-manifolds and foliations model configuration spaces for particles moving under constraints and can be described as $E$-manifolds. $E$-manifolds were introduced in [NT01] and investigated in depth in [MS20]. In this article we explore their physical facets by extending gauge theories to the $E$-category. Singularities in the configuration space of a classical particle can be described in several new scenarios unveiling their Hamiltonian aspects on an $E$-symplectic manifold. Following the scheme inaugurated in [Wei78], we show the existence of a universal model for a particle interacting with an $E$-gauge field. In addition, we generalize the description of phase spaces in Yang-Mills theory as Poisson manifolds and their minimal coupling procedure, as shown in [Mon86], for base manifolds endowed with an $E$-structure. In particular, the reduction at coadjoint orbits and the shifting trick are extended to this framework. We show that Wong's equations, which describe the interaction of a particle with a Yang-Mills field, become Hamiltonian in the $E$-setting. We formulate the electromagnetic gauge in a Minkowski space relating it to the proper time foliation and we see that our main theorem describes the minimal coupling in physical models such as the compactified black hole.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures
Relativistic Hardy inequalities in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Fanelli, Luca
name: Vega, Luis
name: Visciglia, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J10, 35L05

description: We deal with Dirac operators with external homogeneous magnetic fields. Hardy-type inequalities related to these operators are investigated: for a suitable class of transversal magnetic fields, we prove a Hardy inequality with the same best constant as in the free case. This leaves naturally open an interesting question whether there exist magnetic fields for which a Hardy inequality with a better constant than the usual one, in connection with the well known diamagnetic phenomenon arising in non-relativistic models.
description: 10 pages
Levels of acute phase proteins remain stable after ischemic stroke
Creators: name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
name: Coates, Kristen
name: Tai, Wanling
name: Paik, Myunghee
name: Boden-Albala, Bernadette
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: C-reactive protein
subject: Atherosclerosis--Etiology
subject: Brain damage--Etiology
subject: Cerebral ischemia--Pathophysiology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Little information is available, however, on time course of serum markers of inflammation after stroke. Methods: First ischemic stroke patients ≥40 years old had levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen measured in plasma samples drawn at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after stroke. Levels were log-transformed as needed, and parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to test for evidence of a trend in levels over time. Levels of hsCRP and SAA were also compared with levels in a comparable population of stroke-free participants. Results: Mean age of participants with repeated measures (n = 21) was 65.6 ± 11.6 years, and 13 (61.9%) were men, and 15 (71.4%) were Hispanic. Approximately 75% of patients (n = 15) had mild strokes (NIH Stroke Scale score 0–5). There was no evidence of a time trend in levels of hsCRP, SAA, or fibrinogen for any of the markers during the 28 days of follow-up. Mean log(hsCRP) was 1.67 ± 1.07 mg/L (median hsCRP 6.48 mg/L) among stroke participants and 1.00 ± 1.18 mg/L (median 2.82 mg/L) in a group of 1176 randomly selected stroke-free participants from the same community (p = 0.0252). Conclusion: Levels of hsCRP are higher in stroke patients than in stroke-free subjects. Levels of inflammatory biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis, including hsCRP, appear to be stable for at least 28 days after first ischemic stroke.