cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Der „späte Sieg der Diktaturen“ – Resultat ergebnisoffenen Unterrichts?
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: M. Bernhardt, Der „späte Sieg der Diktaturen“ – Resultat ergebnisoffenen Unterrichts?, «Public history weekly», 2, 2014, n. 9
Year: 2014

description: Surely a grade of 33 in 100 on the simplest and most obvious facts of American history is not a record in which any high school can take pride.“ Dieser Satz fasst das Ergebnis einer Schülerbefragung zusammen. In dem amerikanischen Blog „History News Network“ wurde zu dieser Aussage die Frage gestellt, aus welchem Jahr das Zitat stamme: 1987, 1976, 1942 oder aus keinem dieser Jahre. Das Letzte ist richtig. Denn der Satz stammt aus einer Studie von 1917
Additional file 1 of Effects of intergenerational contact on social capital in community-dwelling adults aged 25–84 years: a non-randomized community-based intervention
Creators: name: Nemoto, Yuta
name: Nonaka, Kumiko
name: Kuraoka, Masataka
name: Murayama, Sachiko
name: Tanaka, Motoki
name: Matsunaga, Hiroko
name: Murayama, Yoh
name: Murayama, Hiroshi
name: Kobayashi, Erika
name: Inaba, Yoji
name: Watanabe, Shuichiro
name: Maruo, Kazushi
name: Fujiwara, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Differences in baseline characteristics between those lost to follow-up and the sample for analysis (N = 5207)1. Supplementary Table 2. Differences in intervention effects in the intervention group between those who perceived the intervention program and those who did not (N = 791). Supplementary Figure 1. Intergenerational greeting campaign logo and slogan. Supplementary Figure 2. Intergenerational greeting campaign goods (banners, badges, and stationery).
Crystallization: Colloidal suspense
Creators: name: Gránásy, László
name: Tóth, Gyula I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to classical nucleation theory, a crystal grows from a small nucleus that already bears the symmetry of its end phase - but experiments with colloids now reveal that, from an amorphous precursor, crystallites with different structures can develop.
Deduced consensus sequence of Sindbis virus strain AR339: mutations contained in laboratory strains which affect cell culture and in vivo phenotypes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The consensus sequence of the Sindbis virus AR339 isolate, the prototype alphavirus, has been deduced. THe results presented here suggest (i) that a substantial proportion of the sequence divergence evident between the consensus sequence and sequences of laboratory strains of AR339 has resulted from selection for efficient growth in cell culture, (ii) that many of these changes affect the virulence of the virus in animal models, and (iii) that such modified genetic backgrounds present in laboratory strains can exert a significant influence on genetic studies of virus pathogenesis and host range. A laboratory strain of Sindbis virus AR339 was sequenced and cloned as a cDNA (pTRSB) from which infectious virus (TRSB) could be derived. The consensus sequence was deduced from the complete sequences of pTRSB and HRsp (E. G. Strauss, C. M. Rice, and J. H. Strauss, Virology 133:92-110, 1984), from partial sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 laboratory strains, and by comparison with the sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 sequence. HRsp differed form the consensus sequence by eight coding changes, and TRSB differed by three coding changes. In the 5' untranslated region, HRsp differed from the consensus sequence at nucleotide (nt) 5. These differences were likely the result of cell culture passage of the original AR339 isolate. At three of the difference loci (one in TRSB and two in HRsp), selection of cell-culture-adaptive mutations was documented with Sindbis virus or other alphaviruses. Selection in cell culture often results in attenuation of virulence in animals. Considering the TRSB and HRsp sequences together, one noncoding difference from the consensus (an A-for-G substitution in the 5' untranslated region at nt 5) and six coding differences in the glycoprotein genes (at E2 amino acids 1, 3, 70, and 172 and at E1 amino acids 72 and 237) were at loci which, either individually or in combination, significantly affected alphavirus virulence in mice. Although the levels of virulence of isogenic strains containing either nt 5 A or nt 5 G did not differ significantly in neonatal mice, the presence of nt 5 A greatly enhanced the effect of a second attenuating mutation in the E2 gene. These results suggest that minimal differences in the "wild type" genetic background into which an additional mutation is introduced can have a dramatic effect on apparent virulence and pathogenesis phenotypes. A cDNA clone of the consensus AR339 sequence, a sequence devoid of occult attenuating mutations introduced by cell culture passage, will allow the molecular genetic examination of cell culture and in vivo phenotypes of a virus which may best reflect the sequence of Sindbis virus AR339 at the time of its isolation.
Differential processing of sindbis virus glycoprotein PE2 in cultured vertebrate and arthropod cells.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: A step in the maturation of Sindbis virus glycoproteins is the cleavage of the precursor glycoprotein PE2 into E3 and E2 by furin or a furin-like host cell protease. The results presented here suggest that PE2 cleavage is an obligatory event for Sindbis virus maturation in C6/36 cells and demonstrate that certain mutants display a cell-specific PE2 cleavage phenotype. We previously have described Sindbis virus variants which fail to cleave PE2 because of incorporation of a signal for N-linked glycosylation immediately adjacent to the PE2 cleavage site but are viable in BHK-21 cells by virtue of an additional mutation at E2 216 or E2 191 (TRSB-NE2G216 and TRSB-NE2T191, respectively) (H. W. Heidner, K. L. McKnight, N. L. Davis, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 68:2683-2692, 1994). Other viable PE2 cleavage-defective mutants were constructed by substituting the parental residue at E2 position 1 (Arg), with Leu or Val (TRSB-E2L1 and TRSB-E2V1, respectively) (H.W. Heidner and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 68:8064-8070, 1994). When grown in BHK-21 cells, all four of these viruses replicated normally and incorporated PE2 in place of E2 in released virions. However, growth of TRSB-NE2G216 and TRSB-NE2T191 was severely restricted in cultured arthropod cells (C6/36 cells). Analysis of infected C6/36 cells by flow cytometry demonstrated that the restricted growth of TRSB-NE2G216 and TRSB-NE2T191 was not due to an impaired ability to initiate infection. In addition, TRSB-NE2G216 and TRSB-NE2T191 remained growth restricted in C6/36 cells following introduction of in vitro transcriptions by electroporation. In contrast, the PE2 cleavage defect of TRSB-E2L1 and TRSB-E2V1 was cell type specific. In C6/36 cells, the majority of PE2 was converted to E2, and these viruses replicated normally in C6/36 cells. These results demonstrated a consistent link between expression of a PE2 cleavage defect and restricted growth in C6/36 cells and suggest that cleavage of PE2 is required for maturation of Sindbis virus late in infection of C6/36 cells.
Additional file 1 of Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Mai
name: Kim, Hyeon-Ki
name: Furutani, Akiko
name: Mineshita, Yui
name: Nakaoka, Takashi
name: Shibata, Shigenobu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Relationship between physical activity levels during each trial period and iAUC for 2 h after dinner. Correlation between physical activity levels during the energy trial period and iAUC for 2 h after dinner in the standard trial (A, B). Correlation between physical activity levels during the balance trial period and iAUC for 2 h after dinner in the standard trial (C and D). MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Epitopes exposed on hepatitis delta virus ribonucleoproteins.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: A total of 17 antibodies, raised in several nonhuman species and specific for different regions on the delta antigen (delta Ag), were used to map, via immunoprecipitation, those domains exposed on the surface of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP). These studies showed that the domains for the nuclear localization signal and the C-terminal extension, unique to the large form of delta Ag, are exposed. Also exposed is the C-terminal region of the small form of delta Ag. In contrast, reactivity was not found with the coiled-coil domain needed for protein dimerization. When the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA was released by treatment of viral RNP with vanadyl ribonucleoside complexes, no change in the pattern of delta Ag epitope presentation was detected, consistent with the interpretation that a multimeric protein structure persists in the absence of RNA. These RNP studies have implications not only for understanding of the process of HDV assembly but also for evaluation of the immune responses of an infected host to HDV replication.
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 blocks p53-mediated apoptosis through the induction of the A20 gene.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and posttransplant lymphoma, rarely have mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, suggesting that a viral protein interferes with p53 function. The EBV oncogene, LMP1, induces expression of the cellular antiapoptotic genes bcl-2 and A20 and could in this way interfere with p53-mediated apoptosis. Two derivatives of the p53-null epithelial cell line H1299 were prepared, one of which (H1299-p53) stably expressed a temperature-sensitive (ts) p53 protein, and another (H1299-p53+LMP1) which stably expressed both ts-p53 and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). At the permissive temperature, the p53 protein in the H1299-p53 cell line transcriptionally activated two of its target genes, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and the mdm2 gene product, in an LMP1-independent manner. Upon serum withdrawal at the permissive temperature, p53-mediated apoptosis was induced in 50 to 60% of the cells. In the H1299-p53 cell line which stably expressed LMP1, however, only 20 to 25% of the cells underwent apoptosis. While stable expression of LMP1 did not affect levels of bcl-2 family members in these cells, it did induce expression of A20. Stable expression of A20 in the H1299-p53 cell line inhibited p53-mediated apoptosis equivalent to inhibition by LMP1. The induction of A20 may underlie the ability of LMP1 to protect EBV-infected epithelial cells from p53-mediated apoptosis.
Additional file 2 of Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Mai
name: Kim, Hyeon-Ki
name: Furutani, Akiko
name: Mineshita, Yui
name: Nakaoka, Takashi
name: Shibata, Shigenobu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Fig. S2: Glucose excursion for 24 h in the energy trial group (A), and the balance trial group (B). Significant differences between trials after lunch at each 15-minute time interval in the energy trial group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (between no- and low-energy lunch trial), †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 (between no- and standard-energy lunch trial), ‡P < 0.05,‡‡P < 0.01, ‡‡‡P < 0.001 (between no- and high-energy lunch trial), &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01, &&&P < 0.001 (between low- and standard-energy lunch trial), $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001 (between low- and high-energy lunch trial), ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 (between standard- and high-energy lunch trial) (Two-way ANOVA) (C). Significant differences between trials after dinner at each 15-minute time interval in the energy trial group. ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 (between standard and fat-rich trial), ‡P < 0.05 (between standard and carbohydrate-rich trial), $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.005, $$$P < 0.001 (between protein-rich and carbohydrate-rich trial), #P < 0.05 (between fat-rich and carbohydrate-rich trial) (D). Significant differences between trials after lunch at each 15-minute time interval in the balance trial group. †P < 0.05 (between no- and standard-energy lunch trial), ‡P < 0.05, ‡‡P < 0.01, ‡‡‡P < 0.001 (between no- and high-energy lunch trial), $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001 (between low- and high-energy lunch trial), #P < 0.01, ##P < 0.005, ###P < 0.001 (between standard- and high-energy lunch trial) (Two-way ANOVA) (E). Significant differences between trials at each 15-minute time interval in the balance trial group †P < 0.05 (between standard and fat-rich trial), $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 (between low- and high-energy lunch trial) (Two-way ANOVA) (F).
Optical responses of the switching currents in Al and Nb Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Wang, Yiwen
name: Zhou, Pinjia
name: Wei, Lianfu
name: Zhang, Beihong
name: Wei, Qiang
name: Zhai, Jiquan
name: Xu, Weiwei
name: Cao, Chunhai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrated the optical responses of the switching currents in two types of Josephson tunnel junctions: Al/AlOx/Al and Nb/AlOx/Nb. The radiation-induced switching current shifts were measured at ultra-low bath temperature (T~16 mK). It is observed that the Al-junction has a more sensitive optical response than the Nb-junction, which is as expected since Al electrode has a smaller superconducting gap energy. The minimum detectable radiation powers with the present Al-junction and Nb-junction are 8 pW (corresponding to 8*10^5 incoming photons in one measurement cycle) and 2 nW respectively. In addition, we found that the radiation-induced thermal effects are dominant in the observed optical responses. Several methods are proposed to further improve the optical responsivity, so that the josephson junction based devices could be applicable in photon detections.
Additional file 1 of Essential phospholipids decrease apoptosis and increase membrane transport in human hepatocyte cell lines
Creators: name: Wupperfeld, Dominik
name: Fricker, Gert
name: Bois De Fer, Béatrice
name: Frank, Larissa
name: Wehrle, Annika
name: Popovic, Branko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Cytotoxicity of EPL, PPC and PI in HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Table S2. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on anisotropy in the HepG2, HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cell lines. Supplementary Table S3. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on apoptosis in the HepG2 cell line. Supplementary Table S4. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on apoptosis in the HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Table S5. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on apoptosis in the steatotic HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Table S6. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on hepatocellular transport protein activity in the HepG2 cell line. Supplementary Table S7. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on hepatocellular transport protein activity in the HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Table S8. Statistical analyses of the effects of EPL, PPC and PI on hepatocellular transport protein activity in the steatotic HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Fig. S1. Gating strategy to evaluate caspase-3/-7 activity in apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Supplementary Fig. S2. Effect of EPL, PPC and PI on anisotropy in the HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cell lines. Supplementary Fig. S3. Effect of EPL, PPC and PI on apoptosis in the HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Fig. S4. Effect of EPL, PPC and PI on apoptosis in the steatotic HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Fig. S5. Effect of EPL, PPC and PI on hepatocellular transport protein activity in the HepaRG cell line. Supplementary Fig S6. Effect of EPL, PPC and PI on hepatocellular transport protein activity in the steatotic HepaRG cell line.
Functional and physical interactions between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins BZLF1 and BMRF1: Effects on EBV transcription and lytic replication.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins BZLF1 and BMRF1 are both essential for lytic EBV replication. BZLF1 is a transcriptional activator which binds directly to the lytic origin of replication (oriLyt) and plays a critical role in the disruption of viral latency. The BMRF1 protein is required for viral polymerase processivity. Here we demonstrate that the BMRF1 gene product functions as a transcriptional activator and has direct (as well as indirect) interactions with the BZLF1 gene product. The BMRF1 gene product activates an essential oriLyt promoter, BHLF1, but does not activate two other early EBV promoters (BMRF1 and BHRF1). Direct interaction between the BMRF1 and BZLF1 gene products requires the first 45 amino acids of BMRF1 and the bZip domain of BZLF1. The effect of the BZLF1-BMRF1 interaction on early EBV transcription is complex and is promoter specific. The oriLyt BHLF1 promoter is activated by either the BZLF1 or BMRF1 gene product alone and is further activated by the combination of the BZLF1 and BMRF1 gene products. Enhanced activation of BHLF1 transcription by the BMRF1-BZLF1 combination does not require direct interaction between these proteins. In contrast, BZLF1-induced activation of the BMRF1 promoter is inhibited in the presence of the BMRF1 gene product. A point mutation in the BZLF1 protein (amino acid 200), which prevents in vitro interaction with the BMRF1 protein but which does not reduce BZLF1 transactivator function, allows the BZLF1 protein to activate the BMRF1 promoter equally well in the presence or absence of the BMRF1 gene product. Therefore, direct interaction between the BZLF1 and BMRF1 proteins may inhibit BZLF1-induced transcription of the BMRF1 promoter. BZLF1 mutated at amino acid 200 is as efficient as wild-type BZLF1 in promoting replication of an oriLyt plasmid. However, this mutation reduces the ability of BZLF1 to induce lytic replication of the endogenous viral genome in D98/HE-R-1 cells. Our results indicate that functional and physical interactions between the BMRF1 and BZLF1 proteins may modulate the efficiency of lytic EBV infection. The BMRF1 gene product clearly has a transcriptional, as well as replicative, role during lytic EBV infection.
Perspectives for an Elko Phenomenology using Monojets at the 14 TeV LHC
Creators: name: Alves, Alexandre
name: Dias, M.
name: de Campos, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to explore the possibility to discover a fermionic field with mass dimension one, the Elko field, in the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in processes with missing energy and one jet. We explore the possibility of a triple coupling with the Higgs field, generating also a contribution to the Elko mass term, and suggest some possibilities for future studies in this field.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D, special issue "Elko and Mass-Dimension-One Fermions"
The Milky Way as a High Redshift Galaxy: The Importance of Thick Disk Formation in Galaxies
Creators: name: Lehnert, Matthew D.
name: Di Matteo, Paola
name: Haywood, Misha
name: Snaith, Owain N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the star-formation history and dynamics of the Milky Way (MW) with the properties of distant disk galaxies. During the first ~4 Gyr of its evolution, the MW formed stars with a high star-formation intensity (SFI), Sigma_SFR~0.6 Msun/yr/kpc2 and as a result, generated outflows and high turbulence in its interstellar medium. This intense phase of star formation corresponds to the formation of the thick disk. The formation of the thick disk is a crucial phase which enables the MW to have formed approximately half of its total stellar mass by z~1 which is similar to "MW progenitor galaxies" selected by abundance matching. This agreement suggests that the formation of the thick disk may be a generic evolutionary phase in disk galaxies. Using a simple energy injection-kinetic energy relationship between the 1-D velocity dispersion and SFI, we can reproduce the average perpendicular dispersion in stellar velocities of the MW with age. This relationship, its inferred evolution, and required efficiency are consistent with observations of galaxies from z~0-3. The high turbulence generated by intense star formation naturally resulted in a thick disk, a chemically well-mixed ISM, and is the mechanism that links the evolution of MW to the observed characteristics of distant disk galaxies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted to ApJ Letters
Additional file 3 of Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Mai
name: Kim, Hyeon-Ki
name: Furutani, Akiko
name: Mineshita, Yui
name: Nakaoka, Takashi
name: Shibata, Shigenobu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Fig. S3: Characteristics after classifying into two groups by mean starvation time. Starvation time (A), iAUC for 2 h after dinner (B), body mass index (C), energy intake (D), step counts (E), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (F), intake of dietary fiber (G), and MEQ (H). MEQ; Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire. A t-test was used to test for differences between groups.
Molecular anatomy of mouse hepatitis virus persistence: coevolution of increased host cell resistance and virus virulence.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Persistent infection of murine astrocytoma (DBT) cells with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has been established. From this in vitro virus-host system, persistence is mediated at the level of cellular MHV receptor (MHVR) expression and increased virus virulence. MHV persistence selects for resistant host cell populations which abate virus replication. Reductions in MHVR expression were significantly associated with increased host resistance, and transfection of MHVR into resistant host cells completely restored the capacity of cells to support efficient replication of MHV strain A59. The emergence of resistant host cells coselected for variant viruses that had increased avidity for MHVR and also recognized different receptors for entry into resistant cells. These data illustrate that MHV persistence in vitro provides a model to identify critical sites of virus-host interaction at the cellular level which are altered during the evolution of host cell resistance to viral infection and the coevolution of virus virulence.
Bekenstein Bound of Information Number N and its Relation to Cosmological Parameters in a Universe with and without Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Haranas, Ioannis
name: Gkigkitzis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bekenstein has obtained is an upper limit on the entropy S, and from that, an information number bound N is deduced. In other words, this is the information contained within a given finite region of space that includes a finite amount of energy. Similarly, this can be thought as the maximum amount of information required to perfectly describe a given physical system down to its quantum level. If the energy and the region of space are finite then the number of information N required in describing the physical system is also finite. In this short letter two information number bounds are derived and compared for two types of universe. First, a universe without a cosmological constant lamda and second a universe with a cosmological constant lamda are investigated. This is achieved with the derivation of two different relations that connect the Hubble constant and cosmological constants to the number of information N. We find that the number of information N involved in a the two universes are identical or N1=N2, and that the total mass of the universe scales as the square root of the information number N, containing an information number N of the order of 10E+122. Finally, we expressed Calogero quantization action as a function of the number of information N. We also have found that in self gravitating systems the number of information N in nats is the ratio of the total kinetic to total thermal energy of the system.
description: Bekenstein bound, cosmological constant, information, nats, entropy, mass of the universe, self-gravitating systems, Calogero's conjecture
Mutations within the 5' nontranslated RNA of cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus which enhance cap-independent translation in cultured African green monkey kidney cells.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Mutations in the 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR) of an attenuated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV), HM175/P16, enhance growth in cultured African green monkey kidney (BS-C-1) cells but not in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK-4) cells (S. P. Day, P. Murphy, E. A. Brown, and S. M. Lemon, J. Virol. 66: 6533-6540, 1992). To determine whether these mutations enhance cap-independent translation directed by the HAV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), we compared the translational activities of the 5'NTRs of wild-type and HM175/P16 viruses in two stably transformed cell lines (BT7-H and FRhK-T7) which constitutively express cytoplasmic bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and which are derived from BS-C-1 and FRhK-4 cells, respectively. Translational activity was assessed by monitoring expression of a reporter protein, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), following transfection with plasmid DNAs containing bicistronic T7 transcriptional units of the form luciferase-5'NTR-CAT. In both cell types, transcripts containing the 5'NTR of HM175/P16 expressed CAT at levels that were 50- to 100-fold lower than transcripts containing the IRES elements of Sabin type 1 poliovirus or encephalomyocarditis virus, confirming the low activity of the HAV IRES. However, in BT7-H cells, transcripts containing the 5'NTR of wild-type virus. This translational enhancement was due to additive effects of a UU deletion at nucleotides 203 and 204 and a U-to-G substitution at nucleotide 687 of HM175/P16. These mutations did not enhance translation in FRhK-T7 or Huh-T7 cells (a T7 polymerase-expressing cell line derived from human hepatoblastoma cells) or in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. These results demonstrate that mutations in the 5'NTR of a cell culture-adapted HAV enhance viral replication by facilitating cap-independent translation in a cell-type-specific fashion and support the concept that picornaviral host range is determined in part by differences in cellular translation initiation factors.
Rolling circle DNA replication by extracts of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human cells.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Whole-cell extracts of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human cells (293 cells) can promote the rolling circle replication of circular duplex DNA molecules. The products of the reaction are longer than monomer unit length and are the result of semiconservative DNA replication by the following criteria: (i) resistance to DpnI and susceptibility to MboI restriction enzymes, (ii) shift in density on a CsCl gradient of the products synthesized in the presence of bromo-dUTP to a position on the gradient consistent with those of molecules composed mainly of one parental DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand, and (iii) the appearance in the electron microscope of molecules consisting of duplex circles with multiunit linear appendages, a characteristic of a rolling circle mode of DNA replication. The reaction requires ATP and is dependent on herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded DNA polymerase.
Second-strand synthesis is a rate-limiting step for efficient transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transduce cells with a marker gene in vitro was found to be substantially increased by the presence of adenovirus. Transfection experiments with adenovirus genomic DNA suggest that this increase is not facilitated by adenovirus-mediated viral uptake but is instead dependent on adenovirus gene expression. Using various adenovirus mutants, we were able to map this function to early-region E4 open reading frame 6. Plasmid expression of open reading frame 6 protein in cells infected with recombinant AAV increased transduction between 100- and 1,000-fold. The increase in transduction was not dependent on the recombinant AAV gene cassette but instead appeared to involve an immediate early step of the AAV life cycle. Chemical and physical agents that have been shown to induce helper-free replication of wild-type AAV were also able to stimulate recombinant AAV transduction, suggesting that the phenomenon might affect AAV DNA replication. Further experiments showed that viral uncoating was not affected and that the rate-limiting step involved synthesis of a second strand on the single-stranded genomic AAV DNA. These data suggest that the adenovirus E4 region, as well as chemical and physical agents, can play an essential role in an immediate-early step of the AAV life cycle, specifically in second-strand synthesis, and have important implications for the use of AAV vectors in gene therapy protocols.
Additional file 4 of Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Mai
name: Kim, Hyeon-Ki
name: Furutani, Akiko
name: Mineshita, Yui
name: Nakaoka, Takashi
name: Shibata, Shigenobu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Fig. S4: Association between lunch energy intake during daily life and after-dinner blood glucose levels in the energy trial. Relationship between intake (A), percentage of protein (B), percentage of fat (C), percentage of carbohydrate (D) during daily life for lunch, and iAUC for 2 h after dinner in the standard trial. Relationship between intake (E), percentage of protein (F), percentage of fat (G), percentage of carbohydrates (H) during daily life for lunch, and peak blood glucose levels after dinner in the standard trial.
Sequence analysis of the human DNA flanking sites of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tagged with the Escherichia coli supF gene has been used to clone integrated HIV-1 proviruses. Sequence analysis of the 600 to 800 bp of human DNA adjacent to 29 clones revealed a propensity for HIV-1 to integrate near the Alu class of human repetitive elements.
The human cytomegalovirus IE1-72 protein interacts with the cellular p107 protein and relieves p107-mediated transcriptional repression of an E2F-responsive promoter.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The Rb-related p107 protein has been implicated as an important control element in proper cell cycle progression. The p107 protein is thought to restrict cellular proliferation in part through its interaction with the E2F family of transcription factors and is, therefore, a specific target for regulation by several DNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that p107 protein levels are induced in a biphasic manner in human fibroblasts during productive infection by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Expression patterns of p107 protein levels during HCMV infection of human embryonic lung cells (HELs) demonstrate a sustained induction from early to late times of infection. We also demonstrate that the HCMV immediate-early protein IE1-72 complexes in vivo with the p107 protein and that this interaction can be reconstituted in an in vitro system by using reticulocyte-translated protein. Our data demonstrate that the interaction between p107 and the IE1-72 protein occurs at times of infection that temporally match the second tier of p107 protein induction and the phosphorylation pattern of the IE1-72 protein. Furthermore, we show here that the ability of p107 to transcriptionally repress E2F-responsive promoters can be overcome by expression of the IE1-72 protein. This effect appears to be specific, since the IE1-72 protein is not capable of relieving Rb-mediated repression of an E2F-responsive promoter. Finally, our data demonstrate that HCMV infection can induce cellular proliferation in quiescent cells and that IE1-72 expression alone can, to a degree, drive a similar progression through the cell cycle. These data suggest that IE1-72-mediated transactivation of E2F-responsive promoters through alleviation of p107 transcriptional repression may play a key role in the cell cycle progression stimulated by HCMV infection.
DataCite Training: Accessing and Using DataCite APIs
Creators: name: Bennett, Mike
name: Ross, Cody
name: Stathis, Kelly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: DataCite Community Meeting 2023
Training Session
REST API
DOI
Metadata
JSON

description: In this interactive training session, join members of the DataCite team to explore and access DataCite's APIs. With a focus on the REST API, we'll cover retrieving, creating, and updating DOI metadata with simple HTTP requests and JSON-formatted metadata. Real-time instruction will be provided, and attendees will be encouraged to engage and ask questions throughout the session. No API experience is necessary.
Speakers:

Mike Bennett (Application Developer, DataCite)
Cody Ross (Application Support Engineer, DataCite)
The training session was not recorded. You can view an earlier version of it here: https://youtu.be/mh_r6ohJOac?si=mL_6eDKAp8BGzfi2
q-holonomic formulas for colored HOMFLY polynomials of 2-bridge links
Creators: name: Wedrich, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute q-holonomic formulas for the HOMFLY polynomials of 2-bridge links colored with one-column (or one-row) Young diagrams.
description: 5 pages, Wolfram Mathematica implementation available at https://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~pw360/
The Number of Information Bits Related to the Minimum Quantum and Gravitational Masses in a Vacuum Dominated Universe
Creators: name: Haranas, Ioannis
name: Gkigkitzis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wesson obtained a limit on quantum and gravitational mass in the universe by combining the cosmological constant Lambda, Planck constant, the speed of light c, and also the gravitational constant G. The corresponding masses are 2.0x10E-62 kg and 2.3E+54 kg respectively, and in general can be obtained with the help of a generic dimensional analysis, or from an analysis where the cosmological constant appears in a four dimensional space-time and as a result of a higher dimensional reduction. In this paper our goal is to establish a relation for both quantum and gravitational mass as function of the information number bit N. For this reason, we first derive an expression for the cosmological constant as a function of information bit, since both masses depend on it, and then various resulting relations are explored, in relation to information number of bits N. Fractional information bits imply no information extraction is possible. We see, that the order of magnitude of the various parameters as well as their ratios involve the large number 10E+122, that is produced naturally from the fundamental parameters of modern cosmology. Finally, we propose that in a complete quantum gravity theory the idea of information the might have to be included, with the quantum bits of information (q-bits) as one of its fundamental parameters, resulting thus to a more complete understanding of the universe, its laws, and its evolution.
description: Cosmological constant, quantum mass, gravitational mass, information bit, fractional information bit, large number hypothesis
The human cytomegalovirus UL94 open reading frame encodes a conserved herpesvirus capsid/tegument-associated virion protein that is expressed with true late kinetics.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: In this report, we provide a detailed characterization of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL94 gene product. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of infected cell RNA demonstrated that UL94 message was found only at late times of infection and was not synthesized in the presence of the viral DNA replication inhibitor ganciclovir. Expression of the UL94 open reading frame in vitro and in vivo yielded a protein with the predicted molecular mass of 36 kDa. A monoclonal antibody raised to a UL94-specific peptide reacted specifically with a 36-kDa protein in HCMV-infected fibroblasts. This protein was found only at late times of infection and was also present in purified HCMV virions. Fractionation of purified virions and HCMV-infected cells revealed an association of UL94 immunoreactivity with the capsid/tegument and nuclear fractions, respectively. The evolutionary conservation of UL94 protein sequence and an analysis of potential functional regions of the protein are discussed.
Transcriptional regulation of human polyomavirus JC: evidence for a functional interaction between RelA (p65) and the Y-box-binding protein, YB-1.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The transcriptional control region of the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC virus contains a consensus NF-kappa B site which has been shown to enhance both basal and extracellular stimulus-induced levels of transcription of JC promoters. Here, we show that the expression of JC late promoter constructs containing the NF-kappa B site is decreased by cotransfection with the NF-kappa B/rel subunits, p50 and p52, but enhanced by the p65 subunit. However, JC promoter constructs lacking the NF-kappa B site were activated by p52 and p50 and repressed by p65. This antithetical response of the JC promoter mapped specifically to the D domain, which is a target site for the cellular transcription factor, YB-1. Band shift studies indicated that YB-1 and p65 modulate each other's binding to DNA: YB-1 augments the affinity of p65 for the NF-kappa B site, while p65 reduces the binding of YB-1 to the D domain. Results from coimmunoprecipitation followed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis suggest an in vivo interaction between p65 and YB-1 in glial cells. Functionally, YB-1 appears to act synergistically with p65 to control transcription from the NF-kappa B site. A converse pattern is seen with the D domain, in which YB-1 acts synergistically with p50 and p52 to regulate transcription. p50 and p52 may function as transcriptional activators on the D domain by removing the repressive effect of p65 on YB-1 binding to the D domain. On the basis of these data, we propose a model in which NF-kappa B/rel subunits functionally interact with consensus NF-kappa B sites or YB-1-binding sites, with disparate effects on eukaryotic gene expression.
Translation initiation in GB viruses A and C: evidence for internal ribosome entry and implications for genome organization.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: GB viruses A and C (GBV-A and GBV-C) are two recently described RNA viruses which appear to be members of the Flaviviridae. Although both viruses appear to contain long 5' nontranslated regions, the sites of polyprotein initiation and the presence of core-like proteins remain to be determined. Translation studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism and sites of polyprotein initiation in GBV-A and GBV-C. Rabbit reticulocyte lysates programmed with monocistronic RNAs containing 5' ends of GBV-A or GBV-C fused in-frame with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) open reading frame generated GBV-CAT fusion proteins in vitro. Site-specific mutagenesis and N-terminal sequencing located the sites of translation initiation immediately upstream of the putative signal sequence for the GBV E1 envelope glycoproteins. Efficient translation of the monocistronic GBV-CAT RNAs required the inclusion of GBV coding sequences. This, coupled with the presence of at least 523 nucleotides of 5' nontranslated RNA containing multiple AUG codons, suggests that translation initiation of these RNAs did not utilize a ribosome scanning mechanism. Translation of bicistronic RNAs containing 5' nontranslated sequences within the intercistronic space was consistent with the presence of a weakly active internal ribosome entry site in both GBV-A and GBV-C. Secondary structure predictions indicate that the 5' ends of these viruses assume similar complex structures distinct from those identified in the internal ribosome entry site-containing picornaviruses, pestiviruses, and hepatitis C viruses. The data indicate that GBV-A and GBV-C are unique members of the Flaviviridae that do not contain core-like proteins at the N termini of their putative polyproteins.
A novel 165-base-pair terminal repeat sequence is the sole cis requirement for the adeno-associated virus life cycle.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication is dependent on two copies of a 145-bp inverted terminal repeat (ITR) that flank the AAV genome. This is the primary cis-acting element required for productive infection and the generation of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors. We have engineered a plasmid (pDD-2) containing only 165 bp of AAV sequence: two copies of the D element, a unique sequence adjacent to the AAV nicking site, flanking a single ITR. When assayed in vivo, this modified hairpin was sufficient for the replication of the plasmid vector when Rep and adenovirus (Ad) helper functions were supplied in trans. pDD-2 replication intermediates were characteristic of the AAV replication scheme in which linear monomer, dimer, and other higher-molecular-weight replicative intermediates are generated. Compared to infectious AAV clones for replication, the modified hairpin vector replicated more efficiently independent of size. Further analysis demonstrated conversion of the input circular plasmid to a linear substrate with AAV terminal repeat elements at either end as an initial step for replication. This conversion was independent of both Rep and Ad helper genes, suggesting the role of host factors in the production of these molecules. The generation of these substrates suggested resolution of the modified terminal repeat through a Holliday-like structure rather than replication as a mechanism for rescue. Production of replicative intermediates via this plasmid substrate were competent not only for AAV DNA replication but also for encapsidation, infection, integration, and subsequent rescue from the chromosome when superinfected with Ad and wild-type AAV. These studies demonstrate that this novel 165-bp ITR substrate is sufficient in cis for the AAV life cycle and should provide a valuable reagent for further dissecting the cis sequences involved in AAV replication, packaging, and integration. In addition, this novel plasmid vector can be used as a substrate for both rAAV vector production and synthetic plasmid vector delivery.