cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acquisition- and modeling-independent resolution enhancement of brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging volumes
Creators: name: Bajammal, Mohammad Salem
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dwMRI) provides unique capabilities for non-invasive imaging of neural fiber pathways in the brain. dwMRI is an increasingly popular imaging method and has promising diagnostic and surgical applications for Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, and epilepsy, to name a few. However, one limitation of dwMRI (specifically, the more common diffusion tensor imaging scheme, DTI) is that it suffers from a relatively low resolution. This often leads to ambiguity in determining location and orientation of neural fibers, and therefore reduces the reliability of information gained from dwMRI. Several approaches have been suggested to address this issue. One approach is to have a finer sampling grid, as in diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) and high-angular resolution imaging (HARDI). While this did result in a resolution improvement, it has the side effects of lowering the quality of image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or prolonging imaging time, which hinders its use in routine clinical practice. Subsequently, an alternative approach has been proposed based on super-resolution methods, where multiple low resolution images are fused into a higher resolution one. While this managed to improve resolution without reducing SNR, the multiple acquisitions required still resulted in a prolonged imaging time. In this thesis, we propose a processing pipeline that uses a super resolution approach based on dictionary learning for alleviating the dwMRI low resolution problem. Unlike the majority of existing dwMRI resolution enhancement approaches, our proposed framework does not require modifying the dwMRI acquisition. This makes it applicable to legacy data. Moreover, this approach does not require using a specific diffusion model. Motivated by how functional connectivity (FC) reflects the underlying structural connectivity (SC), we use the Human Connectome Project and Kirby multimodal dataset to quantitatively validate our results by investigating the consistency between SC and FC before and after super-resolving the data. Based on this scheme, we show that our method outperforms interpolation and the only existing single image super-resolution method for dMRI that is not dependent on a specific diffusion model. Qualitatively, we illustrate the improved resolution in diffusion images and illustrate the revealed details beyond what is achievable with the original data.
title: Анализ нейрорадиологических диагностических возможностей при нарушениях мозгового кровообращения
Creators: name: Глущенко, Вита
name: Никитина, Елизавета
name: Костыгова, Анна
name: Малозёмов, Алексей
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Проанализированы томограммы пациентов с нарушениями мозгового кровообращения, полученные методами компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии, с целью выявления диагностических возможностей разных методов. Выявлены преимущества магнитно-резонансного метода в характеристике структурных нарушений по генезу и локализации, что позволяет в плане реабилитации учитывать основную и сопутствующую патологию.
Individual Differences in Word Recognition (McMurray et al., 2014)
Creators: name: McMurray, Bob
name: Munson, Cheyenne
name: Tomblin, J. Bruce
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Language
subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Purpose: The authors examined speech perception deficits associated with individual differences in language ability, contrasting auditory, phonological, or lexical accounts by asking whether lexical competition is differentially sensitive to fine-grained acoustic variation.Method: Adolescents with a range of language abilities (N = 74, including 35 impaired) participated in an experiment based on McMurray, Tanenhaus, and Aslin (2002). Participants heard tokens from six 9-step voice onset time (VOT) continua spanning 2 words (beach/peach, beak/peak, etc.) while viewing a screen containing pictures of those words and 2 unrelated objects. Participants selected the referent while eye movements to each picture were monitored as a measure of lexical activation. Fixations were examined as a function of both VOT and language ability.Results: Eye movements were sensitive to within-category VOT differences: As VOT approached the boundary, listeners made more fixations to the competing word. This did not interact with language ability, suggesting that language impairment is not associated with differential auditory sensitivity or phonetic categorization. Listeners with poorer language skills showed heightened competitors fixations overall, suggesting a deficit in lexical processes.Conclusion: Language impairment may be better characterized by a deficit in lexical competition (inability to suppress competing words), rather than differences in phonological categorization or auditory abilities.
Cortex-wide decision circuits are shaped by distinct classes of excitatory pyramidal neurons
Creators: name: Musall, Simon
name: Sun, Xiaonan R
name: Mohan, Hemanth
name: An, Xu
name: Gluf, Steven
name: Churchland, Anne
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022

description: 18th Computational and Systems Neuroscience Conference, COSYNE 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, 17 Mar 2022 - 22 Mar 2022; doi:10.57736/WW-6397-4044
description: Understanding how cortical circuits generate complex behavior requires investigating the cell types that comprise them. Here, much effort has been focused on inhibitory neuron types but the functional roles of distinct classes of excitatory pyramidal neurons (PyNs) are less well un-derstood. We, therefore, used widefield imaging to measure the cortex-wide activity of distinct PyN types and investigated their functional role in mice that performed an auditory decision-making task. We used two mouse lines, expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP6s in two major PyN types: FezF2 for pyramidal-tract (PT) and PlexinD1 for intratelencephalic (IT) neurons. Using dimen-sionality-reduction methods, we isolated cortex-wide activity patterns of PT and IT neurons and compared them to EMX mice with GCaMP6s-expression in all PyNs. We found major PyN-spe-cific differences in complexity and spatial layout of cortical activity patterns, both at the local and mesoscale, suggesting the existence of specialized subcircuits. We also found PyN-specific functional differences during decision-making. Sensory responses were largest in sensory, parietal and frontal cortex but each PyN type showed pronounced dif-ferences in cortical localization and spatial specificity. The same was true for choice-related ac-tivity: A choice decoder revealed ramping, contralateral choice-selective activity in parts of frontal cortex of EMX and PT mice whereas IT mice showed ipsilateral choice signals. Using an inter-sectional viral strategy, we found that this inverse choice tuning in IT was most pronounced in corticostriatal projection (CStr) neurons. Lastly, we used optogenetic inhibition to causally test the importance of PyN-types for decision-making. Inactivating parietal cortex disrupted sensory processing, with the strongest effect in PT neurons. In frontal cortex all PyN-types reduced ani-mal performance, suggesting that they are equally involved in choice formation and execution. Our work reveals PyN-specific, cortex-wide dynamics and strongly supports the view that local circuits throughout the cortex perform parallel computations, even within the same cortical layer.
High resolution numerical study of Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence using a thermal lattice Boltzmann scheme
Creators: name: Biferale, L.
name: Mantovani, F.
name: Sbragaglia, M.
name: Scagliarini, A.
name: Toschi, F.
name: Tripiccione, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a high resolution numerical study of two dimensional (2d) Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence using a recently proposed thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBT). The goal of our study is both methodological and physical. We assess merits and limitations concerning small- and large-scale resolution/accuracy of the adopted integration scheme. We discuss quantitatively the requirements needed to keep the method stable and precise enough to simulate stratified and unstratified flows driven by thermal active fluctuations at high Rayleigh and high Reynolds numbers. We present data with spatial resolution up to 4096 x 10000 grid points and Rayleigh number up to Ra ~ 10^11 . The statistical quality of the data allows us to investigate velocity and temperature fluctuations, scale-by-scale, over roughly four decades. We present a detailed quantitative analysis of scaling laws in the viscous, inertial and integral range, supporting the existence of a Bolgiano-like inertial scaling, as expected in 2d systems. We also discuss the presence of small/large intermittent deviation to the scaling of velocity/temperature fluctuations and the Rayleigh dependency of gradients flatness.
description: 31 pages, 21 figures
Etymologies of vampire with pirъ “a feast”
Creators: name: Stachowski, Kamil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: An addendum to Kamil Stachowski and Olaf Stachowski’s “Possibly Oriental Elements in Slavonic Folklore. Upiór ~ wampir” (2017). Etymological propositions involving Old Slavonic pirъ “a feast” are discussed: one by Jan L. Perkowski from The Darkling: A Treatise on Slavic Vampirism (1989); three by Bruce A. McClelland from Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead (2006); and one by Michael Dilts, from the remarks in his peer review of this paper.
PROBLEMS ARISING IN CONSUMER CHOICE AND THEIR SOLUTONS
Creators: name: Academic leader: Z.M. Salomova "TIIAME" NRU Faculty of Economics lecturer
name: I.R. Uzoqova "TIIAME" NRU Faculty of Economics student
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Today, the impact of consumer choice on our country's markets as well as the global market is significant. This article evaluates the influence and position of consumer choice in the process of entering domestic and global markets for goods and services. It also examines the issues that arise in consumer choice and possible solutions to address them.

           KEY WORDS: Utility , Total utilty (TU),  Marginal utility (MU),  Util , Goods, Law of diminishing marginal utility , Good, Bad, Indifference curve,  Consumer, Income, Demand.
Numerical simulations of internal shocks in microquasars
Creators: name: Pjanka, Patryk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: microquasars
particle acceleration
MHD simulations
PIC simulations

description: While stationary models are very successful in explaining some of the properties of relativistic jets, these objects are unlikely to be launched in a laminar fashion. Thus, it is likely that shocks form within them. These internal shocks have been proposed as one of the mechanisms that could be responsible for re-acceleration of particles as they travel along the jet (as an alternative to, or alongside magnetic reconnection). While planar shocks may be inefficient at accelerating particles, it has recently been shown that shock corrugation improves the ability of these features to reheat leptons to non-thermal distributions. Here, we present our group's project on simulating the behavior of such corrugated internal shocks in microquasar-relevant parameter space, at multiple scales, using both PIC and MHD simulations with test particles.
On the absolute value of the neutrino mass
Creators: name: Hajdukovic, Dragan Slavkov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino oscillations probabilities depend on mass squared differences; in the case of 3-neutrino mixing, there are two independent differences, which have been measured experimentally. In order to calculate the absolute masses of neutrinos, we have conjectured a third relation, in the form of a sum of squared masses. The calculated masses look plausible and are in good agreement with the upper bounds coming from astrophysics.
title: Характеристика продаж противовоспалительных офтальмологических препаратов в регионах Северо-Западного федерального округа
Creators: name: Оконенко, Татьяна
name: Антропова, Галина
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Проведен контент-анализ продаж офтальмологических лекарственных препаратов в 2017 г. в Новгородской и в Псковской областях. На протяжении последних лет в обоих городах (Великий Новгород, Псков) в топе продаж противовоспалительных офтальмологических препаратов по торговым наименованиям находятся аминогликозиды (тобрекс) и фторхинолоны (ципромед, флоксал), при анализе реализации препаратов по МНН лидерами являются сульфацетамид, хлорамфеникол, тетрациклин.
The effect of spin-orbit nuclear charge density corrections due to the anomalous magnetic moment on halonuclei
Creators: name: Ong, A.
name: Berengut, J. C.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the contribution of the anomalous magnetic moments of protons and neutrons to the nuclear charge density. We show that the spin-orbit contribution to the mean-square charge radius, which has been neglected in recent nuclear calculations, can be important in light halonuclei. We estimate the size of the effect in helium, lithium, and beryllium nuclei. It is found that the spin-orbit contribution represents a ~2% correction to the charge density at the center of the Be-7 nucleus. We derive a simple expression for the correction to the mean-square charge radius due to the spin-orbit term and find that in light halonuclei it may be larger than the Darwin-Foldy term and comparable to finite size corrections. A comparison of experimental and theoretical mean-square radii including the spin-orbit contribution is presented.
description: 6 pages
Supplementary Material from Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate
Creators: name: Sadowska, Julita
name: Gębczyński, Andrzej K.
name: Konarzewski, Marek
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Full statistical models
D6.5 Collaboration with EU Projects and Initiatives (2)
Creators: name: Vassilis Spitadakis
name: Ifigeneia-Maria Tsioutsia
name: Mariza Kaskara
name: Tsardanidis, Jason
name: Aleksandros Marantos
name: Drivas, Thanasis
name: Sitokonstantinou, Vasilis
name: Yiorgos Gadanakis
name: Copot, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document, namely D6.5 “Collaboration with EU projects and initiatives (2) is the update of the first version on the initially reported activities in D6.1 “Collaboration with EU projects and initiatives (1)” to further elaborate on the solutions derived from the projects and the ways to foster collaboration and communication among ENVISION and other projects.
The pion wave function in covariant light-front dynamics
Creators: name: Leitner, O.
name: Mathiot, J. -F.
name: Tsirova, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of the pion wave function in the relativistic constituent quark model is investigated in the explicitly covariant formulation of light-front dynamics. We calculate the two relativistic components of the pion wave function in a simple one-gluon exchange model and investigate various physical observables: decay constant, charge radius, electromagnetic and transition form factors. We discuss the influence of the full relativistic structure of the pion wave function for an overall good description of all these observables, including both low and high momentum scales.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Existence of minimal nodal solutions for the Nonlinear Schroedinger equations with V ({\infty}) = 0
Creators: name: Ghimenti, Marco G.
name: Micheletti, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem Δu+V(x)u = f'(u) in RN. Here the nonlinearity has a double power behavior and V is invariant under an orthogonal involution, with V ({\infty}) = 0. An existence theorem of one pair of solutions which change sign exactly once is given.
Quasi-Freestanding Multilayer Graphene Films on the Carbon Face of SiC
Creators: name: Siegel, David A.
name: Hwang, Choongyu
name: Fedorov, Alexei V.
name: Lanzara, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic band structure of as-grown and doped graphene grown on the carbon face of SiC is studied by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, where we observe both rotations between adjacent layers and AB-stacking. The band structure of quasi-freestanding AB- bilayers is directly compared with bilayer graphene grown on the Si-face of SiC to study the impact of the substrate on the electronic properties of epitaxial graphene. Our results show that the C-face films are nearly freestanding from an electronic point of view, due to the rotations between graphene layers.
description: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.241417
Reeb graphs of surfaces are stable under function perturbations
Creators: name: Di Fabio, Barbara
name: Landi, Claudi
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: MAT/03 Geometria

description: Reeb graphs are combinatorial signatures that capture shape
properties from the perspective of a chosen function. One of the
most important questions is whether Reeb graphs are robust against
function perturbations that may occur because of noise and
approximation errors in the data acquisition process. In this work
we tackle the problem of stability providing an editing distance
between Reeb graphs of orientable surfaces in terms of the cost
necessary to transform one graph into another by edit operations.
Our main result is that changes in the functions, measured by the
maximum norm, imply not greater changes in this distance, yielding
the stability property under function perturbations.
DESCRIPTIONAL COMPLEXITY OF CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM UNARY AUTOMATA
Creators: name: BIANCHI, MARIA PAOLA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: In this thesis, we study some problems on classical and quantum one-way finite state automata working on a unary input alphabet. The central issue of this work is the descriptional complexity of different models of automata on families of languages defined through periodicity conditions on the length of the input. However, along the way many other issues on automata, such as computational power and decidability, are taken into consideration.
The work is organised into two parts. In the first one, we focus on three types of classical one-way finite automata, namely deterministic (DFAs), nondeterministic (NFAs) and probabilistic (PFAs), which differ from each other for the way evolution is defined. We present a normal form for unary PFAs, which extends the Chrobak normal form for NFAs and guarantees minimality on periodic languages. We then use this probabilistic normal form to obtain descriptional complexity results: we analyze several families of unary languages, characterized by periodicity conditions. We show that, for some of those families, all classical models require the same number of states while, for some other families, PFAs can be smaller than NFAs (sometimes reaching the theoretical lower bound), which in turn can be smaller than DFAs.
In the second part of this thesis, we focus on the quantum paradigm, considering three variants of one-way quantum automata (QFAs): measure-once QFAs (MO-QFAs), measure-many QFAs (MM-QFAs), and the hybrid model of QFA with control language (QFC). The computational power of MM-QFAs, unlike the one of MO-QFAs and QFCs, is still not fully characterised. In this thesis, we provide an explicit construction for MM-QFAs to recognize any unary regular language.
We then focus on the descriptional complexity of QFAs: first, we present families of unary languages for which MM-QFAs require an exponentially smaller number of states with respect to their deterministic equivalent. Then, we prove that this is very close to the (asymptotically) biggest size gap we can achieve between the two models, by showing a more general conversion lower bound on the number of states required by a DFA to simulate a QFC working on an alphabet of arbitrary size. This bound carries over to the other two quantum models, since both MO-QFAs and MM-QFAs can be simulated by QFCs without increasing the number of quantum states. Finally, we discuss periodicity problems on the behavior of MM-QFAs, presenting polynomial algorithmic solutions.
TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS OR JUST SPECTATORS? HOW SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECT SECOND GENERATIONS' SENSE OF BELONGING AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN? EGYPTIANS IN ITALY.
Creators: name: PREMAZZI, VIVIANA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Media have a part in defining the formative experiences of a generation, not only because they are so deeply embedded in the everyday practices as to become a ?natural? element of its social landscape and its common sense, but also because historical events, as well as cultural values and their symbolic forms, are often mediated by them. It is what's happened with the ?Arab Spring?, and the possibilities offered by ICT of being constantly connected with the countries of origin that led the second generations to a more conscious reflection on their identity and their ?being transnational?.
The thesis focuses on the outbreak of the Arab Spring and the importance of social networks in the relationships between Egypt and Egyptian second generations in Italy: were Egyptian second generations transnational actors or just spectators of what was happening in their country of origin? What were the factors that have influenced second generation transnationalism? Which new transnational practices and strategies have they developed? How digital media are interwoven in the (re)negotiation of affiliations and sense belonging?
SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS AND RESULTS from Gut microbiome and telomere length in gull hatchlings
Creators: name: Velando, Alberto
name: Noguera, Jose Carlos
name: Aira, Manuel
name: Domínguez, Jorge
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome may be acquired during early development in many animals, with possible consequences on newborns' health. Thus, it has been hypothesized that a healthy microbiome protects telomeres and genomic integrity against cellular stress. However, the link between the early acquired microbiome and telomere dynamics has not hitherto been investigated. In birds, this link may also be potentially modulated by the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids, since these substances dysregulate microbiome composition during postnatal development. Here, we examined the effect of the interplay between the microbiome and stress hormones on the telomere length of yellow-legged gull hatchlings by using a field experiment in which we manipulate the corticosterone content in eggs. We found that the hatchling telomere length was related to microbiome composition, but this relationship was not affected by the corticosterone treatment. Hatchlings with a microbiome dominated by potential commensal bacteria (i.e. Catellicoccus and Cetobacterium) had larger telomeres, suggesting that an early establishment of the species-specific microbiome during development may have important consequences on offspring health and survival.
From invasion percolation to flow in rock fracture networks
Creators: name: Wettstein, Salomon J.
name: Wittel, Falk K.
name: Araujo, Nuno A. M.
name: Lanyon, Bill
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this work is to simulate two-phase flow in the form of immiscible displacement through anisotropic, three-dimensional (3D) discrete fracture networks (DFN). The considered DFNs are artificially generated, based on a general distribution function or are conditioned on measured data from deep geological investigations. We introduce several modifications to the invasion percolation (MIP) to incorporate fracture inclinations, intersection lines, as well as the hydraulic path length inside the fractures. Additionally a trapping algorithm is implemented that forbids any advance of the invading fluid into a region, where the defending fluid is completely encircled by the invader and has no escape route. We study invasion, saturation, and flow through artificial fracture networks, with varying anisotropy and size and finally compare our findings to well studied, conditioned fracture networks.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Arts vs Engineering: The Choice among Consumption of and Investment in Education
Creators: name: Romano, Richard
name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: In this paper we develop a model in which students choose their university coursework based on both investment and consumption incentives. We show that these education decisions are socially inefficient. This result is driven by the fact that students do not consider an externality in the working environment of acquiring education for investment purposes. We show when and how it is possible to design tuition fees in such a way that students acquire the socially optimal level of education.
title: Особенности применения растений, содержащих изофлавоноиды
Creators: name: Жезняковская, Лариса
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Изофлавоноиды относят к фитоэстрогенам, которые оказывают ряд благоприятных воздействий на организм человека. Последние исследования показали и их негативное воздействие.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AMINOPEPTIDASE 2 HAPLOTYPES PLAY A ROLE IN MODULATING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HIV-1 INFECTION
Creators: name: SAULLE, IRMA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Background: The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase type 2 (ERAP2)
undergoes haplotype-specific alternative splicing which results in the
production of either full-length (FL, from haplotype A ) or alternatively
spliced (AS, from haplotype B) mRNA Resistance to HIV infection in a
cohort of Italian sexually HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN) is
recently associated with a variant in ERAP2 that tags haplotype A. As the
protein product of this gene trims peptides loaded on MHC class I, shaping
the quality of viral peptides that are presented to CD8+T cells, we further
analysed its role in HIV-1-susceptibility.
Methodology: ERAP2 was genotyped in a cohort of 104 Spanish HESN
individuals exposed to HIV through injection drug use (IDU-HESN). In
parallel PBMCs isolated from 139 healthy controls (HC) grouped according
to their ERAP2 genotype were infected with HIV-1
and analysed for: 1)expression levels of mRNA specific for ERAP2 and for 84 genes involved in the antigen presentation pathway; 2) MHC class I MFI on CD45
Ba-L cells; 3)susceptibility to HIV-1 infection; 4) ERAP2 protein expression. Finally, we analyzed the co-segregation of HLA-B*57 with ERAP2 haplotype in a
previously described cohort of Italian sexually-exposed HESN.
Results: Genotype analysis in IDU-HESN mirrored the previous
association between ERAP2 haplotype A and protection from HIV infection;
meta-analysis with the Italian cohort yielded a p value of 7.6 x10
Cosegregation analysis indicated that the HLA-B*57 allele is significantly more
common among HESN homozygous for haplotype A(homo A)
compared to non-homo A (p=0.01), suggesting genetic interaction. Data
obtained in HC showed that following in vitro HIV infection the
expression of mRNA for ERAP2-FL and a number of genes involved in
antigen processing and presentation as well as of MHC class I on the
surface of CD45+ cells are significantly increased in homo A cells; notably,
homoA peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not isolated CD4 cells,
were less susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Only the expression of ERAP2-FL
could be detected by western blot analyses.
Conclusions: haplotype A of ERAP2 confers resistance to HIV infection
independently of the route of exposure; such variation possibly affects MHC
presentation and immune response.
Beladungskinetik von Faserfiltern - Beladungskinetik einzelner Filterfasern
Creators: name: Schollmeier, Stefan
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008
Subjects: Tiefenfilter
Einzelfaser
Isolierte Faser
Abscheidegrad
Partikelablagerungsstrukturen
CLSM
Streulichtmesstechnik
Umströmungswiderstand
CFD

description: Anhand von Messungen mit Streulichtmesstechnik und Konfokaler Laser Raster Mikroskopie konnte im Rahmen dieser Dissertation die Bedeutung des Abprallens von Partikeln auf den Abscheidegrad unbeladener und beladener einzelner als auch isolierter Fasern sowie auf die dabei entstehenden Ablagerungsstrukturen gezeigt werden. Größere Partikel sowie höhere Anströmgeschwindigkeiten führen dabei zu verstärktem Abprallen und beeinflussen so Abscheidegrad und Ablagerungsstrukturen.
Second order relative entropy in holographic theories
Creators: name: Schulz-Beach, Jonathon Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Recently, there has been growing recognition that the tools from quantum information theory might be well-suited to studying quantum gravity in the context of the gauge/gravity correspondence. It is exploring this connection that is the main motivation for the work in this thesis. In particular, we focus on holographic field theories which possess classical spacetime duals. The aim is that certain conditions on the classical duals will narrow down the types of field theories that can be holographic. This will give a better understanding of the limitations and robustness of the gauge/gravity correspondence. We do so by computing the canonical energy for general perturbations around anti-de Sitter spacetime, which is dual to quantum Fisher information in the field theory. We go on to prove the positivity of canonical energy and discuss the addition of matter fields. We further show that our result can be interpreted as an interaction between scalar fields living in an auxiliary de Sitter spacetime. We concluded with a summary of progress and future challenges for this program.
A six-dimensional gauge-Higgs unification model based on $E_6$ gauge symmetry
Creators: name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Nomura, Takaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a six-dimensional gauge-Higgs unification model with the enlarged gauge group of $E_6$ on $S^2/Z_2$ orbifold compactification. The standard model particle contents and gauge symmetry are obtained by utilizing a monopole background field and imposing appropriate parity conditions on the orbifold. In particular, a realistic Higgs potential suitable for breaking the electroweak gauge symmetry is obtained without introducing extra matter or assuming an additional symmetry relation between the SU(2) isometry transformation on the $S^2$ and the gauge symmetry. The Higgs boson is a KK mode associated with the extra-dimensional components of gauge field. Its odd KK-parity makes it a stable particle, and thus a potential dark matter candidate in the model. We also compute the KK masses of all fields at tree level.
description: 25 pages, references added
DEFINITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANT DISEASE SIMULATION MODELS IN INTERACTION WITH CROP MODELS, AIMING AT FORECASTING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS ON CROP PRODUCTION
Creators: name: BREGAGLIO, SIMONE UGO MARIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: The impacts of a changing climate on the social and economic development of humanity have been increasingly studied in the last decades. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the lack of implementation of effective and adequate measures for contrasting green house gases emissions will lead to increasingly severe and partially irreversible impacts on the environment, and consequently on the society. The estimate of possible impacts on food production, starting from agriculture, is essential to develop strategies to alleviate the consequences of climate change. In this context, the evaluation of the future dynamics of plant diseases plays a key role because they determine actual production levels for many crops in many areas, therefore deeply influencing food availability and security. In order to perform such analyses, process-based simulation modelling offers the capability to capture the high non-linearity characterizing the responses of biophysical processes to boundary conditions. However, such models have been marginally used to estimate scenarios of plant diseases impact on crop production, because of the limited availability of modelling approaches and tools. This work constitutes an attempt to respond to the need of developing a software framework for the simulation of a generic fungal plant airborne disease which can be easiliy coupled with a crop simulator in order to improve the estimation of the levels of crop productions under climate change scenarios.
The first section of the work deals with the evaluation of models for the estimation of meteorological data and for the simulation of leaf wetness, driving variable of the infection process of fungal plant pathogens. These assessments were justified by the need of feeding the disease models with high quality data, and by the scarce availability of hourly data in large area databases.
The second section presents the implementation and the calibration of the generic fungal plant epidemic framework, and its test via an extensive use of sensitivity analysis techniques.
The third section deals with the application of the developed modelling solutions, coupled with crop simulators, for the forecasting of the impact of climate change on crop production in Latin America.
In the last section, new criteria and metrics for biophysical model evaluation and analysis are presented, aimed at considering the models performance under heterogeneous climatic conditions such as those explored in climate change and large area application studies.
Ab initio approach to density response and excitation spectra in metallic systems
Creators: name: CAZZANIGA, MARCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2008

description: In this thesis I propose a detailed discussion of the calculation of the dielectric
response of metallic systems. We mainly performed simulations of Al and Na, since
their near free-electron like behaviour permits also a comparison with the results of
the HEG model. On the other hand, we also explored the possibility that our methods
could be applied to more complex system. In this direction we performed calculation
of the optical properties of ferromagnetic Fe, which includes the additional complexity
of the presence of the 3d electrons. We also tried to understand if the accuracy of ab
initio calculations in the case of semiconductors can be extended to metallic systems.
The present thesis focuses on the frequency-dependent dielectric function ?(q,?).
In the first part of this thesis we review briefly the GW and TDDFT approaches used
in our calculations. We will also motivate the study of bulk metals. In the second
part of this thesis the new methods developed in this work do deal with the intraband
contributions will be described. We will finally analyze the obtained results.
In the discussion of the GW calculations for metals, we propose a method to deal
with the intraband term based on a fit of the finite-momentum screened interaction.
This methods works efficiently when the plasmon pole approximation is an accurate
assumption.
In addition to optical adsorption, other experiments permit to access the dielectric
properties of metals, including the energy-loss spectroscopy and inelastic X-ray scattering
spectroscopy (IXSS). In the present thesis we performed a systematic calculation of
the dynamic structure factor of Na and Al to understand the role of electronic correlation
beyond the random phase approximation (RPA).We perform TDDFT simulations
using several exchange and correlation kernels and including quasiparticle effects, to
understand how they are important to provide a satisfactory theoretical description of
the experimental measurements. TDDFT is not only able to predict loss function measurements,
but also optical properties. This thesis address also that problem proposing
a new method to deal with the intraband transitions, method applied to Al chosen as
benchmark and to ferromagnetic Fe.
In Chapter 1 we introduce the many-body problem, which is described in detail in
Chapter 2, where we review the many-body perturbation theory and the GW approximation.
In Chapter 3 the TDDFT and the linear response formalism are presented.
We introduce the dielectric function and briefly discuss its main features in Chapter
4. In Chapter 5 we show the applications, by presenting the problem of the fictitious gap introduced by the GW corrections and by proposing a fit on the polarizability to
deal with the intraband transitions. We apply finally TDDFT, by discussing the IXSS
spectra of Na and of Al in Chapter 6. Optical properties are discussed in Chapter 7.
RESISTIRE D2.1 - Summary Report mapping cycle 1
Creators: name: Cibin, Roberto
name: Stöckelová, Tereza
name: Linková, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Women and gender studies
Mental health
Health inequalities
COVID-19
policy responses
inequalities

description: This report analyses the first cycle of the mapping of COVID-19 policies and societal responses at the national and regional level and the responses from civil society. The aim of the report is to describe and analyse the gender dimensions and impacts of policies and societal responses implemented in Europe in the course of and in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view to informing the work in WP 3 and 4 and feeding debates in the first cycle of Open Studios. In line with the theoretical conceptualisation of the Resistiré project, the report builds on an intersectional approach (Hankivsky et al., 2014) and its theoretical framework focuses on specific domains of gender inequalities (gender-based violence, work and the labour market, the economy, the gender pay and pension gap, the gender care gap, decision-making and politics, environmental justice, human and fundamental rights), and specific vulnerability grounds (sex and/or gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, nationality, class, age, religion/belief, disability).
Lawson's genus two minimal surface and meromorphic connections
Creators: name: Heller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10, 53C42, 53C43

description: We investigate the Lawson genus $2$ surface by methods from integrable system theory. We prove that the associated family of flat connections comes from a family of flat connections on a $4-$punctured sphere. We describe the symmetries of the holonomy and show that it is already determined by the holonomy around one of the punctures. We show the existence of a meromorphic DPW potential for the Lawson surface which is globally defined on the surface. We determine this potential explicitly up to two unknown functions depending only on the spectral parameter.
Trapping bears in Algonquin territory : cultural perceptions in practice
Creators: name: Hepburn, Michelle Lianne Hak
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Who or what is a bear in Ontario? This thesis explores which knowledges matter in provincial resource management policies about black bears. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in traditional Algonquin territory in Ontario, this thesis explores categorizations of black bears and how those categories are used to justify actions with, for, and to bears. This is done through a discussion of provincial policy, as well as focusing on harvesting bears, living with bears and learning from bears. This thesis contributes to scholarship against the separation of nature from culture, and advocates for the recognition of the value of lived experience.
FAS/FASL PATHWAY IS IMPAIRED IN CHORDOMA AND IS INVOLVED IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) NOTOCHORD DEVELOPMENT AND REGRESSION
Creators: name: FERRARI, LUCA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor characterized by chemoresistance and unforeseeable prognosis, originating from notochord remnants that do not disappear during development. The apoptotic mechanisms are fundamental for notochord cells development and regression, but little is known about the role of specific apoptotic pathways. At this purpose we investigated the possible implication of Fas/Fasl apoptotic pathway in chordoma tumorigenesis. FASL expression was absent, while both FAS anti- and pro-apoptotic isoforms were detected in most chordomas analyzed and in U-CH1 cells. These findings, besides the prevalent expression of inactive Caspases 8 and 3, suggest that Fas/Fasl pathway is impaired in this tumor. The enhancement of apoptosis in U-CH1 cells by treatment with soluble Fasl indicates that Fas/Fasl pathway can be activated in chordoma, suggesting Fas/Fasl as potential pharmacological targets. We also hypothesized that Fas/Fasl pathway dysregulation may have a role in chordoma onset. To unravel this issue we investigated the function of fas and fasl homologs in the zebrafish notochord development. We found that these genes were specifically expressed in notochord cells. Morpholino mediated knock-down of fas and fasl resulted in abnormal phenotypes mainly showing curved tail and altered motility. Notochord multi-cell-layer jumps instead of the typical ?stack-of-coins? organization, larger vacuolated cells, defects in the peri-notochordal sheath structure and in vertebral mineralization have been detected in most morphants. In addition, we observed the persistent expression of ntla and col2a1a, the zebrafish homologs of the human T gene and COL2A1, which were found to be specifically upregulated in chordoma. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Fas/Fasl pathway activity can be enhanced in chordoma. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of fas and fasl in notochord development, differentiation and regression in zebrafish suggesting the implication of this pathway in chordoma onset.
Nasal tooth
Creators: name: Gala, Bharat
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Normal variants
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 33 years
description: Clinical History: A 33-year-old man had a history of recurrent sinusitis and nasal secretions on and off for a year. Clinical examination revealed a hard bump along the floor of the nasal cavity on the left side. Final Diagnosis: Nasal tooth
CHK2 PHOSPHORYLATION OF SURVIVIN-DEX3 CONTRIBUTES TO A DNA DAMAGE-SENSING CHECKPOINT IN CANCER
Creators: name: LOPERGOLO, ALESSIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: Survivin is a pivotal cancer gene with multiple roles in cell viability and mitosis, but the function(s) of its alternatively spliced isoforms has remained elusive. Here, we show that a survivin spliced variant that lacks exon 3 and contains a unique -COOH terminus sequence,
survivin-DEx3, is differentially expressed in cancer, compared to normal tissues, and correlates with aggressive disease and markers of unfavorable prognosis, by genome-wide bioinformatics analysis. Unlike other survivin variants, survivin-DEx3 localizes exclusively to nuclei in tumor cells, and is phosphorylated by the DNA damage checkpoint kinase, Chk2, on residues located in its unique -COOH terminus. Ala mutagenesis of the Chk2 phosphorylation sites prolongs survivin-DEx3 stability in tumor cells, inhibits the expression of Ser139 phosphorylated H2AX in response to double strand DNA breaks, and impairs colony formation in soft agar after DNA damage. Active Chk2 was detected at the earliest stages of the colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, persisted in advanced tumors, and correlated with increased survivin expression, in vivo. These data suggest that Chk2 phosphorylation of survivin-DEx3 contributes to a DNA damage-sensing checkpoint in tumor cells, which may affect sensitivity to genotoxic therapies.
Impedanzunabhängige Defibrillation mit physiologischer Impulsform
Creators: name: Schönegg, Martin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008
Subjects: stromgesteuerte Defibrillation
AED
Impulsform

description: 1. Patientengerechte Dosierung
Eine individuelle Dosierung der Defibrillationsintensität wird erreicht, wenn anstelle der Energie die Vorgabe der (mittleren) Stromstärke I und der Ladung Q herangezogen wird. 
2. Optimierung der Defibrillation
Für die Zielfindung einer optimierten Defibrillation ist eine Kommunikation von Medizinern, Ingenieuren und Betriebswirten erforderlich. Es wird ein Werkzeug vorgestellt, das die Zusammenhänge der einzelnen Parameter visualisiert.
3. Realisierung
Solutions for a Nonhomogeneous Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation with Double Power Nonlinearity
Creators: name: Ghimenti, Marco G.
name: Micheletti, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem -Δu+V(x)u = f'(u)+g(x) in RN, under the assumption limx \rightarrow \infty V (x) = 0, and with the non linear term f with a double power behavior. We prove the existence two solutions when g is sufficiently small and V < 0.
The Iteratively Regularized Gauß-Newton Method with Convex Constraints and Applications in 4Pi-Microscopy
Creators: name: Stück, Robert
name: Burger, Martin
name: Hohage, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of nonlinear ill-posed operator equations involving convex constraints. We study a Newton-type method which consists in applying linear Tikhonov regularization with convex constraints to the Newton equations in each iteration step. Convergence of this iterative regularization method is analyzed if both the operator and the right hand side are given with errors and all error levels tend to zero. Our study has been motivated by the joint estimation of object and phase in 4Pi microscopy, which leads to a semi-blind deconvolution problem with nonnegativity constraints. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated both for simulated and for three-dimensional experimental data.