cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detection and restoration of click degraded audio based on high-order sparse linear prediction
Creators: name: Belay, Asegid
name: Biru, Getachew
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: With the continued focus on growing energyprices and environmental concerns, loweringenergy consumption and maintaining theenvironmental sustainability of railway systemsis becoming a crucial problem to which greaterattention is being paid. In recent years, urbanrail systems have grown in popularity as amethod for reducing traffic congestion andpollution in metropolitan areas. Despite the factthat the railway system is likely the most energy-efficient mode of land-based transportation,there is still potential for improvement. In thisregard, significant amounts of energy can besaved by installing energy storage on anelectrified transit system allowing energy frombraking to be captured. However, the amount ofenergy saved is dependent on the amount ofenergy transferred during braking, which relieson the drive cycle and the vehicle parameters.The overall benefit can be determined byanalyzing the energy flow through componentsin an electrified transit system. In this paper,electrified transit system energy flows areanalyzed for Addis Ababa light rail transitsystem. The methodology used assesses energyflows in the traction system, establishing whereenergy is dissipated. The analysis is performedfor a specified drive cycle. Finally, the analysisshowed that 37.9 % of the total energy loss overa drive cycle could be saved in Addis Ababalight rail transit system.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Addis Ababa light rail transit system energy flow analysis
Creators: name: Belay, Asegid
name: Biru, Getachew Getachew
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: With the continued focus on growing energy prices and environmental concerns, lowering energy consumption and maintaining the environmental sustainability of railway systems is becoming a crucial problem to which greater attention is being paid. In recent years, urban rail systems have grown in popularity as a method for reducing traffic congestion and pollution in metropolitan areas. Despite the fact that the railway system is likely the most energyefficient mode of land-based transportation, there is still potential for improvement. In this regard, significant amounts of energy can be saved by installing energy storage on an electrified transit system allowing energy from braking to be captured. However, the amount of energy saved is dependent on the amount of energy transferred during braking, which relies on the drive cycle and the vehicle parameters. The overall benefit can be determined by analyzing the energy flow through components in an electrified transit system. In this paper, electrified transit system energy flows are analyzed for Addis Ababa light rail transit system. The methodology used assesses energy flows in the traction system, establishing where energy is dissipated. The analysis is performed for a specified drive cycle. Finally, the analysis showed that 37.9 % of the total energy loss over a drive cycle could be saved in Addis Ababa light rail transit system.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Tapping Into Creativity: A/R/Tography as a Research Methodology Underpinning Teacher Education
Creators: name: Beigi, Ruksana
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2018

description: Educational research within teacher education has become a must, where there is emphasis on ‘teacher as researcher’, with action research as their methodology. Yet, many teachers may not have embarked on any form of research prior to educational programmes designed to enhance their pedagogy and impact their practice. There is also a question around the methodologies they are introduced to, which at times fail to hone in on the very characteristic and golden thread of their profession: creativity. This article reintroduces the concept of a/r/tography, not only as a methodology from art-based education in its own right, but also as one that can be used as a hybridised practice-oriented and action research-based methodology within teacher education. Not just for dissertation or research purposes, but as something that should underpin all programme curriculum and pedagogy designed for the education of teachers.
Resolution of Chern--Simons--Higgs Vortex Equations
Creators: name: Han, Xiaosen
name: Lin, Chang-Shou
name: Yang, Yisong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J20, 35J50, 35Q, 58E15, 81T13

description: It is well known that the presence of multiple constraints of non-Abelian relativisitic Chern--Simons--Higgs vortex equations makes it difficult to develop an existence theory when the underlying Cartan matrix $K$ of the equations is that of a general simple Lie algebra and the strongest result in the literature so far is when the Cartan subalgebra is of dimension 2. In this paper we overcome this difficulty by implicitly resolving the multiple constraints using a degree-theorem argument, utilizing a key positivity property of the inverse of the Cartan matrix deduced in an earlier work of Lusztig and Tits, which enables a process that converts the equality constraints to inequality constraints in the variational formalism. Thus this work establishes a general existence theorem which settles a long-standing open problem in the field regarding the general solvability of the equations.
description: 28 pages
Banana fibres and oil cans: constructing pedagogical understandings of creativity through childhood play memories in a Ugandan context
Creators: name: Beigi, Ruksana
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2022
Subjects: memories
creativity
pedagogy
play
narrative inquiry
pedagogical understanding
Uganda

description: In this small-scale study, pedagogical connections are made, by a student educator on an early childhood studies degree, by identifying creative processes within their childhood play memories in Uganda. Using narrative inquiry, student educators tell their stories and are able to explore and examine creativity in their lived experiences. This informed how they view and understand the critical role of nurturing creativity in children, but also how as educators they think about and allow for a creative pedagogy in practice. Further, it is concluded that the use of narrative inquiry in this way can be a thought-provoking tool for research within the field of early childhood education.
Enhancing the foreign demand for agritourism
Creators: name: Gaetano, Santeramo Fabio
name: Mariangela, Morelli
name: Gaetano, Santeramo Fabio
name: Mariangela, Morelli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agritourism
subject: Italy
subject: PPML
subject: Quantile Regression
subject: Gravity model

description: Tourism is a major economic activity in Italy, and a growing sector in a vast majority of Countries. In particular, agritourism is a rapidly evolving sector. Studies on agritourism are increasing in number, although studies on determinants of the international demand for agritourism are still limited. We explore the international demand for agritourism in Italian structures by mean of a pan-el data approach. We underline the peculiarities of the international demand for agritourism, and the main determinants of small and large flows of foreign tourists. In order to enhance the attractiveness of agri-tourism, entrepreneurs and policymakers should focus their attention on targeted marketing campaigns that need to take into account the Countries of origin. Our paper aims at moving toward this goal.
Demographic transition and industrial revolution: A macroeconomic investigation
Creators: name: Leukhina, Oksana
name: Bar, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: All industrialized countries experienced a transition from high birth rates and stagnant standards of living to low birth rates and sustained growth in per capita income. What contributed to these transformations? Did economic and demographic changes transpire through common or distinct channels? We construct a general equilibrium model with endogenous fertility in order to quantitatively investigate the English case. We find that mortality decline significantly influences birth rates. Increased productivity has a negligible effect on birth rates but accounts for nearly all of the increase in per capita output, industrialization, urbanization, and the decline of land share in total income. The quantitative assessment of these two channels (young-age mortality and productivity) conducted in this paper sheds light on the relative importance of several theoretical mechanisms developed in this field.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross Teacher Training
Creators: name: Xiao, Hui
name: Dong, Li
name: Song, Kangkang
name: Xu, Hao
name: Fu, Shuibo
name: Yan, Diqun
name: Peng, Chengbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional neural networks can achieve remarkable performance in semantic segmentation tasks. However, such neural network approaches heavily rely on costly pixel-level annotation. Semi-supervised learning is a promising resolution to tackle this issue, but its performance still far falls behind the fully supervised counterpart. This work proposes a cross-teacher training framework with three modules that significantly improves traditional semi-supervised learning approaches. The core is a cross-teacher module, which could simultaneously reduce the coupling among peer networks and the error accumulation between teacher and student networks. In addition, we propose two complementary contrastive learning modules. The high-level module can transfer high-quality knowledge from labeled data to unlabeled ones and promote separation between classes in feature space. The low-level module can encourage low-quality features learning from the high-quality features among peer networks. In experiments, the cross-teacher module significantly improves the performance of traditional student-teacher approaches, and our framework outperforms stateof-the-art methods on benchmark datasets. Our source code of CTT will be released.
description: 31 papges, 8 figures, 9 tables
Do Heterogeneous Beliefs Matter for Asset Pricing?
Creators: name: Ghysels, Eric
name: Juergens, Jennifer
name: Anderson, Evan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We study how heterogeneous beliefs affect returns and examine whether they are a priced factor in traditional asset pricing models. To accomplish this task, we suggest new empirical measures based on the disagreement among analysts about expected earnings (short-term and long-term) and show they are good proxies. We first establish that the heterogeneity of beliefs matters for asset pricing and then turn our attention to estimating a structural model in which we use the forecasts of financial analysts to proxy for agents’ beliefs. Finally, we investigate if the amount of heterogeneity in analysts’ forecasts can help explain asset pricing puzzles.
(102357) David Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
LDP-FPMiner: FP-Tree Based Frequent Itemset Mining with Local Differential Privacy
Creators: name: Chen, Zhili
name: Wang, Jiali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data aggregation in the setting of local differential privacy (LDP) guarantees strong privacy by providing plausible deniability of sensitive data. Existing works on this issue mostly focused on discovering heavy hitters, leaving the task of frequent itemset mining (FIM) as an open problem. To the best of our knowledge, the-state-of-the-art LDP solution to FIM is the SVSM protocol proposed recently. The SVSM protocol is mainly based on the padding and sampling based frequency oracle (PSFO) protocol, and regarded an itemset as an independent item without considering the frequency consistency among itemsets. In this paper, we propose a novel LDP approach to FIM called LDP-FPMiner based on frequent pattern tree (FP-tree). Our proposal exploits frequency consistency among itemsets by constructing and optimizing a noisy FP-tree with LDP. Specifically, it works as follows. First, the most frequent items are identified, and the item domain is cut down accordingly. Second, the maximum level of the FP-tree is estimated. Third, a noisy FP-tree is constructed and optimized by using itemset frequency consistency, and then mined to obtain the k most frequent itemsets. Experimental results show that the LDP-FPMiner significantly improves over the state-of-the-art approach, SVSM, especially in the case of a high privacy level.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Book reviews
Creators: name: Paffard, Fran
name: Gariazzo, Julia
name: Viswarajan, Sheeba
Publisher: name: University of East London, Cass School of Education and Communities
Year: 2013

description: Reviews of several books:
Developing professional practice 0–7, by Sonia Blandford and Catherine Knowles.
Rethinking children and families: the relationship between childhood, families and the state, by Nick Frost.
Developing professional practice 7–14, Developing professional practice 7–14, by Viv Wilson and Sue Kendall-Seatter.
title: Enseigner la consommation alimentaire au cycle 1
title: Enseigner la consommation alimentaire au cycle 1
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Vonaesch, Caroline
name: Schmidli, Dominique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Éducation en vue du développement durable,
subject: consommation alimentaire
subject: pensée systémique
subject: posture réflexive
subject: développement de l’enfant
subject: démarche détour-retour

description: Au travers de ce mémoire, deux futures enseignantes souhaitent démontrer ce qu’englobe l’enseignement de la consommation alimentaire dans deux classes de 3H et 4H. Cette thématique s’inscrit dans l’éducation en vue du développement durable (EDD) et figure dans la rubrique Interdépendances (sociales, économiques et environnementales) du Plan d’études romand. Elle se veut être socialement vive, ce qui amène l’école à offrir des outils aux élèves afin qu’ils développent une posture réflexive face à un tel sujet ; les enfants s’apprêtent à devenir les citoyens de demain. Pour répondre à cette demande sociale, nous avons élaboré une séquence, destinée aux troisièmes et quatrièmes Harmos, traitant de la consommation alimentaire. Cet enchaînement de leçons avait pour rôle de nous donner un aperçu des savoirs en jeux ainsi que des difficultés rencontrées par les élèves. Divers enjeux se sont manifestés lors de la mise en place : le développement de l’enfant, la pensée systémique, la pensée sociale, les modalités choisies ainsi que les réalités du terrain. À l’issue de l’analyse des résultats, nous nous sommes questionnées sur des pistes de recherches pouvant pallier aux difficultés rencontrées. Finalement, cette recherche offre un aperçu complet de l’enseignement d’un thème plus complexe à des écoliers ayant entre six et huit ans. Les lecteurs peuvent alors découvrir une manière d’apporter celui-ci en classe ; des modalités collectives et en groupes ainsi qu’une approche valorisant l’utilisation de supports autres que des fiches ont été utilisées.
X-ray flares from dense shells formed in gamma-ray burst explosions
Creators: name: Hascoet, R.
name: Beloborodov, A. M.
name: Daigne, F.
name: Mochkovitch, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bright X-ray flares are routinely detected by the Swift satellite during the early afterglow of gamma-ray bursts, when the explosion ejecta drives a blast wave into the external medium. We suggest that the flares are produced as the reverse shock propagates into the tail of the ejecta. The ejecta is expected to contain a few dense shells formed at an earlier stage of the explosion. We show an example of how such dense shells form and describe how the reverse shock interacts with them. A new reflected shock is generated in this interaction, which produces a short-lived X-ray flare. The model provides a natural explanation for the main observed features of the X-ray flares --- the fast rise, the steep power-law decline, and the characteristic peak duration Δt /t= (0.1-0.3).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The role of psychological safety and learning behavior in the development of effective quality improvement teams in Ghana: an observational study
Creators: name: Singh, Kavita
name: Weiner, Bryan J.
name: Fried, Bruce
name: Reeve, Bryce
name: Albritton, Jordan A.
name: Edwards, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2019

description:
Background As lower-income countries look to develop a mature healthcare workforce and to improve quality and reduce costs, they are increasingly turning to quality improvement (QI), a widely-used strategy in higher-income countries. Although QI is an effective strategy for promoting evidence-based practices, QI interventions often fail to deliver desired results. This failure may reflect a problem with implementation. As the key implementing unit of QI, teams are critical for the success or failure of QI efforts. Thus, we used the model of work-team learning to identify factors related to the effectiveness of newly-formed hospital-based QI teams in Ghana. Methods This was a cross-sectional, observational study. We used structural equation modeling to estimate relationships between coaching-oriented team leadership, perceived support for teamwork, team psychological safety, team learning behavior, and QI implementation. We used an observer-rated measure of QI implementation, our outcome of interest. Team-level factors were measured using aggregated survey data from 490 QI team members, resulting in a sample size of 122 teams. We assessed model fit and tested significance of standardized parameters, including direct and indirect effects. Results Learning behavior mediated a positive relationship between psychological safety and QI implementation (β = 0.171, p = 0.001). Psychological safety mediated a positive relationship between team leadership and learning behavior (β = 0.384, p = 0.068). Perceived support for teamwork did not have a significant effect on psychological safety or learning behavior. Conclusions Psychological safety and learning behavior are key for the success of newly formed QI teams working in lower-income countries. Organizational leaders and implementation facilitators should consider these leverage points as they work to establish an environment where QI and other team-based activities are supported and encouraged.
(102358) Mary Edith Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Phonon Engineering of the Specific Heat of Twisted Bilayer Graphene: The Role of the Out-of-Plane Phonon Modes
Creators: name: Cocemasov, Alexandr I.
name: Nika, Denis L.
name: Balandin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated theoretically the specific heat of graphene, bilayer graphene and twisted bilayer graphene taking into account the exact phonon dispersion and density of states for each polarization branch. It is shown that contrary to a conventional believe the dispersion of the out-of-plane acoustic phonons - referred to as ZA phonons - deviates strongly from a parabolic law starting from the frequencies as low as ~100 1/cm. This leads to the frequency-dependent ZA phonon density of states and the breakdown of the linear dependence of the specific heat on temperature T. We established that ZA phonons determine the specific heat for T<200 K while contributions from both in-plane and out-of-plane acoustic phonons are dominant for 200 K < T < 500 K. In the high-temperature limit, T>1000 K, the optical and acoustic phonons contribute approximately equally to the specific heat. The Debye temperature for graphene and twisted bilayer graphene was calculated to be around ~1861 - 1864 K. Our results suggest that the thermodynamic properties of materials such as bilayer graphene can be controlled at the atomic scale by rotation of the sp2-carbon planes.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
(102359) Owen Aubrey Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Distance aware transmit antenna selection for massive MIMO systems
Creators: name: Chura, Shenko
name: Negash, Yalemzewd
name: Wondie, Yihenew
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna selection is a signal processing techinique by which the Radio Frequency (R.F.) chain components are switched to their corresponding subset of antennas. Antenna selection revolves the complexity and power consumption of R.F. transceivers. This paper proposes an optimal antenna selection technique for multiple radio component type massive MIMO, which combines two selction techniques by exploiting the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the cell edge and dynamic channel condition due to mobility. After an adaptive selection has been made, the same number selection has been made, the same number of R.F. components are active, and the rest are set to sleeping mode to apply fractional transmit power re-allocation at sub 6GHz and mm Wave frequencies. Accordingly, the branch with better signal quality among the array is chosen and added in iteration till the selected value is attained; however, re-selection still boosts E.E. at the cost of the total rate. The results show that the algorithm over performs the random selection, achieving better energy efficiency that full array utilization and random selection. Moreover, capacity reduction due to selection is compensated by applying nonlinear preceding at the cost of complexity.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Failure Is an Option: Impediments to Short Selling and Options Prices
Creators: name: Reed, Adam
name: Geczy, Christopher
name: Musto, David
name: Evans, Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Regulations allow market makers to short sell without borrowing stock, and the transactions of a major options market maker show that in most hard-to-borrow situations, it chooses not to borrow and instead fails to deliver stock to its buyers. Some of the value of failing passes through to option prices: when failing is cheaper than borrowing, the relation between borrowing costs and option prices is significantly weaker. The remaining value is profit to the market maker, and its ability to profit despite the usual competition between market makers appears to result from a cost advantage of larger market makers at failing.
Mechanical and durability properties of concrete with granite powder as partial replacement of cement
Creators: name: Kefelegn, Asnake
name: Patnaik, Binaya
name: Kebede, Issayas
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: The experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the strength and durability properties of concrete, in which cement was partially replaced with granite powder at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume. A total of five concrete mix proportions were developed for control and concrete with granite powder. The fresh property test, strength, and durability testes were done for normal strength concrete (NSC) as well as high strength concrete (HSC). The fresh property of concrete was evaluated using slump test, and the strength of concrete was evaluated using compressive strength and splitting tensile strength test. Durability properties were evaluated using water absorption test, sorptivity test, and chloride and sulphate attack test for all concrete mixes. From the investigation, the compressive strength was enhanced up to 10% replacement in NSC and at 5% replacement in HSC. The tensile strength was improved up to 10% replacement in the both types of the concrete. Denser concrete against water absorption was made at 5% & 10% in NSC and 5% in NSC and 10% in HSC concrete. The resistance to chloride and sulphate attack was enhanced at all replacement percentages for NSC as well as HSC.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Analytical study on seismic performance of partially prestressed concrete beam-column joints
Creators: name: Assega, Hilina
name: Zekeria, Adil
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: In this study, six partially prestressed concrete exterior Beam-Column Joints with variable prestressing force and four partially prestressed concrete interior beam-column joints with variable column axial load ratio have been analytically analyzed and assessed to evaluate their hysteretic performance under reversed cyclic loading. A Two-Dimensional finite element software program, VecTor2, is used to validate the non-linear response of beam-column joint experiments executed in Chiba and Kyoto university, Japan. The analytical result adequately simulated the interior joints in all cycles of loading while in the exterior joint a reasonable underestimation of results was obtained at the last cycle. In the partially prestressed concrete exterior beam-column joints, variation of prestressing force had little effect on the ultimate storey shear capacity. Stiffness and ductility increased significantly with prestressing force before wide shear crack formation and high prestress loss at the joint. Strength degradation after peak response was severe with increasing prestress level. This phenomenon undermined the inelastic energy dissipation capacity of the highly prestressed joints at the later cycles. The increment of column axial load in the partially prestressed concrete interior beam-column joint resulted in wider pinching while the converse created severe pinching. Premature crushing of concrete at the joint due to high compressive stress from the column axial load and prestressing force was not observed in any of the specimens.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Synchrotron and Compton Spectra from a Steady-State Electron Distribution
Creators: name: Rephaeli, Yoel
name: Persic, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy densities of relativistic electrons and protons in extended galactic and intracluster regions are commonly determined from spectral radio and (rarely) $γ$-ray measurements. The time-independent particle spectral density distributions are commonly assumed to have a power-law (PL) form over the relevant energy range. A theoretical relation between energy densities of electrons and protons is usually adopted, and energy equipartition is invoked to determine the mean magnetic field strength in the emitting region. We show that for typical conditions, in both star-forming and starburst galaxies, these estimates need to be scaled down substantially due to significant energy losses that (effectively) flatten the electron spectral density distribution, resulting in a much lower energy density than deduced when the distribution is assumed to have a PL form. The steady-state electron distribution in the nuclear regions of starburst galaxies is calculated by accounting for Coulomb, bremsstrahlung, Compton, and synchrotron losses; the corresponding emission spectra of the latter two processes are calculated and compared to the respective PL spectra. We also determine the proton steady-state distribution by taking into account Coulomb and pion production losses, and briefly discuss implications of our steady-state particle spectra for estimates of proton energy densities and magnetic fields.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
How Do Pensions Affect Corporate Capital Structure Decisions?
Creators: name: Stefanescu, Irina
name: Shivdasani, Anil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This paper examines the capital structure implications of defined benefit corporate pension plans. The magnitude of the liabilities arising from these pension plans is substantial. We show that leverage ratios for firms with pension plans are about 35% higher when pension assets and liabilities are incorporated into the capital structure. We estimate that the tax shields from pension contributions are about a third of those from interest payments. Pension contributions have a modest effect in lowering firms’ marginal corporate tax rates. Once pensions are considered, firms are less conservative in their choice of leverage than has been previously thought. We show that firms incorporate the magnitude of their pension assets and liabilities into their capital structure decisions.
(102360) Sarah Ann Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(102354) Hugh Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Embrace unashamedly the therapeutic qualities and benefits of youth work to young people and communities
Creators: name: Trimmer-Platman, Tracie
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2022

description: Young people have experienced serious distress and disruption due to the recent pandemic, leaving mental health issues at an all-time high among this group. Open access youth work, a method of social and personal learning for young people, is often undervalued and displaced, yet is well suited to facilitate therapeutic intervention and support to young people in informal settings. Open access youth work enables strong associations, friendships, support, and openness to discussing young people's mental health issues and feelings across social and economic divides. By creating open, non-judgemental yet challenging space for young people under the supervision of qualified and experienced practitioners, their worries and observations about life can be accessed, discussed, shared and demystified. Serious and diagnostic illness can be reported and referred, with low moods and depression managed by the young people themselves. A great deal of public space is underutilised, and it may be time for places such as schools and colleges to be seriously considered as potential enablers for youth workers to do what they do best.
Analysis of track geometry index measurement methods
Creators: name: H Michael, Daniel
name: Kassa, Elias
name: Segni, Getu
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: Degradation of railway track can be described by main geometry parameters such as profile, alignment, gauge, cant, and twist but track geometry quality index can be used for aggregating two or more geometric defects and represent health condition of track structure. This paper discusses different methods of quality indexes and analyzes numerically three methods based on real track geometry measurement data from Addis Ababa – Djibouti railway line and their advantages discussed for the purpose of recommending TQI method for predicting future state of track which will be used in Predictive maintenance. Data collected is from 25-27 of May 2020 for 215.8Km length. Results from analysis shows, track geometry index (TGI) represents track quality more reasonably. Chinese TQI method can also represent track quality but gives equal weightage for all types of degradation parameters on the other hand TGI allocated more weightage for parameters with higher effect on ride quality. J synthetic method can only represent two types of quality below and above threshold but the two other methods represent more quality levels. Theoretically, advantages and disadvantages of methods discussed can be referred but practically recommended method can be used in prediction models for implementing predictive maintenance.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Bacterial contamination of school’s drinking water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Debebe, Dawit
name: Getaneh, Zerihun
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: Access to safe drinking water and hygienic living conditions is a global concern and these issues are especially serious in developing countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of water consumed by kindergarten schools’ children in Addis Ababa city, who are highly susceptible to issues associated with microbial contamination in water. Total coliforms, E. coli, pH and residual chlorine in the water distribution system were measured at three water sources and 38 schools. The microbial analysis result shows 7 out of 38 schools were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. However, E. coli was not detected in any of the samples, meaning that all samples were free from fecal contamination. In addition, the free chlorine level of the samples was also tested. The results indicated that 16 out of 38 (42.1%) of the water samples had a free chlorine value below the WHO recommended 0.2mg/L. It is therefore, possible to conclude that the efficiency of a water supply infrastructure determines the concentration levels of microbial contamination and residual chlorine that reaches the end users. The study addresses critical issues and methods to mitigate the problems caused by microbial contamination in water supply distribution infrastructure.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 40 (2022): Zede: Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
(102356) Annie Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Between dependency and cooperation: what China’s activities in Brazil’s energy sector tell us about the new international economic centre
Creators: name: Prado Silva, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: After 2010, there was a spike in China-Brazil (and Latin America) economic relations. The level of trade and investment coming from the Asian country reached unseen levels. Although the two groups of scholars analyzing this new phenomenon – dependency and south-south cooperation – provided a substantial understanding about it, they left some unanswered gaps. The two main gaps this work engages with are: 1) the lack of understanding about the role state-owned enterprises play in creating dependency or cooperation; 2) the lack of a specific analysis about investments in infrastructure, particularly in energy. To cover these gaps, this work provides an analysis of China Three Gorges and State Grid (two Chinese state-owned enterprises) in Brazil’s energy sector, which revealed the possibility of dependency and cooperation to coexist.
Relative Wealth Concerns and Complementarities in Information Acquisition
Creators: name: Strobl, Guenter
name: Garcia, Diego
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This paper studies how relative consumption effects, in which a person's satisfaction with their own consumption depends on how much others are consuming, affect investors' incentives to acquire information. We  find that such consumption externalities can generate complementarities in information acquisition within the standard rational expectations paradigm. When agents are sensitive to the wealth of others, they herd on the same information, trying to mimic each other's trading strategies. We show that there can be multiple herding equilibria in which some assets receive considerable attention while others with similar characteristics are ignored. Further, different communities of agents may specialize in different assets. This multiplicity of equilibria also generates jumps in asset prices: an in nitesimal shift in fundamentals can lead to a discrete price movement.
If you can name it you can claim it: redefining youth work
Creators: name: Trimmer-Platman, Tracie
Publisher: name: University of East London, Cass School of Education and Communities
Year: 2014

description: Despite years of experience and development, youth work in the UK remains a profession that is misunderstood, under-appreciated and lacks recognition. There has always been uncertainty around the professional definition or articulation of the role of a youth worker. Not only is there a societal lack of understanding about the role but there is also an intrinsic lack of ability to explain the role by those actually undertaking it. Often when social landscapes shift, so too do our attitudes and values, suggesting that perhaps we must acknowledge that the role of the youth worker might also change. Questions need to be asked as to whether Youth and Community Work can make effective enough shifts to survive or whether rebranding and repackaging is required.
Crossing Conceptual Boundaries XI, Winter 2021
Creators: name: Brown, Verity
name: Beedell, Alison
name: Di Emidio, Danilo
name: Perouli, Christina
name: Robertson, Graham
name: Varriale, Amedeo
Publisher: name: School of Social Sciences, University of East London
Year: 2021

description: ISSN: 2041-9090

Crossing Conceptual Boundaries
PhD Annual Yearbook New Series Volume XI

A peer-reviewed graduate publication,
School of Social Sciences, UEL, UK
Pseudoclassical dynamics of the kicked top
Creators: name: Zou, Zhixing
name: Wang, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kicked rotor and the kicked top are two paradigms of quantum chaos. The notions of quantum resonance and the pseudoclassical limit, developed in the study of the kicked rotor, have revealed an intriguing and unconventional aspect of classical-quantum correspondence. Here, we show that, by extending these notions to the kicked top, its rich dynamical behavior can be appreciated more thoroughly; of special interest is the entanglement entropy. In particular, the periodic synchronization between systems subject to different kicking strength can be conveniently understood and elaborated from the pseudoclassical perspective. The applicability of the suggested general pseudoclassical theory to the kicked rotor is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
(102352) Gladys Jenkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Asymmetric Information, Portfolio Managers, and Home Bias
Creators: name: Dziuda, Wioletta
name: Mondria, Jordi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We propose a model of delegated asset management that can explain the following empirical regularities observed in international markets: (i) the presence of home bias, (ii) the lower proportion of mutual funds investing domestically, and (iii) the higher ability and market value of mutual funds investing domestically. In the model, heterogeneous fund managers choose whether to specialize in domestic or foreign assets. Individual investors are uncertain about managers' abilities to generate abnormal returns, and they are more informed about domestic markets than foreign markets. As a result, they are better able to evaluate the ability of managers who specialize in domestic assets. This makes domestic investments less risky and generates home bias. Home bias is magnified by the managers' specializations: since ability is rewarded more in the domestic market, higher ability managers invest domestically, making domestic assets more attractive to the investors.
A Semiconductor Nanowire-Based Superconducting Qubit
Creators: name: Larsen, T. W.
name: Petersson, K. D.
name: Kuemmeth, F.
name: Jespersen, T. S.
name: Krogstrup, P.
name: Nygard, J.
name: Marcus, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a hybrid qubit based on a semiconductor nanowire with an epitaxially grown superconductor layer. Josephson energy of the transmon-like device ("gatemon") is controlled by an electrostatic gate that depletes carriers in a semiconducting weak link region. Strong coupling to an on-chip microwave cavity and coherent qubit control via gate voltage pulses is demonstrated, yielding reasonably long relaxation times (0.8 μs) and dephasing times (1 μs), exceeding gate operation times by two orders of magnitude, in these first-generation devices. Because qubit control relies on voltages rather than fluxes, dissipation in resistive control lines is reduced, screening reduces crosstalk, and the absence of flux control allows operation in a magnetic field, relevant for topological quantum information.