Pygoda Amyot & Serville 1843
Creators: name: Fernandes, Jose Antonio Marin
name: Nascimento, Agata Tyanne Silva
name: Nunes, Benedito Mendes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pygoda

description: Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest.
Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843: 159.
Edessa part., Dallas, 1851: 330; Dorhn, 1859: 20; Stål, 1860: 28; Walker, 1868: 425; Stål, 1872: 57; Berg, 1878: 30; Berg, 1879: 60; Distant, 1881: 95; Distant, 1887: 65; Distant, 1892: 348; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 190; Breddin, 1903: 139; Kirkaldy, 1909: 156; Froeschner, 1981: 66.
Type species: Pentatoma polita Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
Diagnosis. Specimens medium to large (17.2 to 24.3 mm long) and robust. Dorsally green to dark green sometimes variegate with brown or/and calloused yellow areas. Punctuation on pronotum and scutellum concolorous or brown, part of the species with coarse, large brown punctures among fine ones. Humeral angles acute and not developed. Corium dark brown with yellow veins sometimes strongly branched. Abdominal segment VII more than 1.5 times longer than wide at base and dorsally black on distal half. Ventral surface yellow or variegate with green and brown areas; intersegmental stripes dark brown not reaching medial and lateral areas. Median longitudinal area clearly lifted, carinate. Pygophore large; dorsal rim posteriorly projected reaching posterolateral angles; proctiger long, leaving anal opening visible in ventral view. Phallus long with a distal constriction. Laterotergites 8 and 9 posteriorly spinose. Capsula seminalis strongly developed and very large comparing with genital plates.
Head. Antennae yellow to reddish; first segment the smallest, fourth and fifth subequal and as long as second and third together; second longer than third. Dorsally finely sulcate with narrow dark stripes or spots. Mandibular plates contiguous ahead of tylus and apex ventrally curved; margin yellow. Dark line or stain ahead of the eyes in lateral view. Bucculae triangular, gently furrowed and harboring most of the first rostral segment. Length of rostral segments: 1<2>3>4.
Thorax. Pronotum declivous; punctures shallow and concolorous to deep and dark arranged or not in irregular lines. Cicatrices not punctured, surrounded by furrowed lines delimited by calloused light stripes. Anterolateral margin straight, yellow to reddish flanked by green stripes; half (or less) of the anterior part gently transversely grooved with line of punctures among them. Scutellum with sparse large punctures on disc and small and fine on distal half and laterals; apex acuminate. Corium fine and densely punctured, punctures concolorous or black. Ventral surface with narrow dark brown stripes and green or brown stains (Figs. 12D, F). Punctures on propleura concentrated on proepimeral parts. Evaporatorium wrinkled, dark brown or concolorous with green or dark stains and whitish coated. Peritreme ruga-like, yellow and shiny. Metasternal process plain, not lifted anteriorly; anterior bifurcation with each arm evanescent and rounded or slightly acuminated (Fig. 12J, L).
Abdomen. Dorsal surface brown with a median yellow wide stripe or rounded large spots united; sometimes yellow spots close to laterals on each segment. Connexivum with two excavated areas, usually dark brown, and sometimes with a median yellow calloused spot. Ventrally, pseudosutures concolorous or dark brown. Lateral spines only with tip black. Trichobothria in line with spiracles.
Male (Figs.1–9, A–C). Pygophore rectangular or subrectangular in dorsal view. Dorsal rim dark brown and wrinkled. Posterolateral angles rounded or acuminated, somewhat posteriorly projected and dorsoventrally compressed. Superior process of the genital cup black, pedunculated, medially concave and close to dorsal rim. Paramere long, laterally flattened, formed by two or three lobes: one large anteriorly directed and one or two small posteriorly or laterally directed; dorsal margin thick and flattened or slightly sulcate. Proctiger cylindric with apex slightly expanded, large, occupying about 1/3 of the genital cup; lateral excavations shallow with a dense fringe of setae close to posterior side; posterior face pear-shaped to subtriangular, wrinkled and distinctly tumid. Ventral rim shallowly excavated medially, bottom of the excavation wrinkled with a low ridge; expansions small not reaching the level of posterolateral angles in ventral view, each projection slightly deflected and somewhat tumid. Ventral surface with punctures arranged in a V pattern. Phallus pear-shaped and dorsally expanded, in some species remarkably expanded (Fig. 10, B-H).
Female (Fig.1–9, D). Gonocoxites 8 (Gc8) convex medially and flat to slightly concave laterally and posteriorly; punctures coarse; sutural border straight or U-shaped. Gonapophysis 8 (Gn8) somewhat exposed. Gonocoxites 9 (Gc9) trapezoidal. Laterotergites 8 (La8) with distal margin projected in a large spine that surpasses or not segment VII. Laterotergites 9 (Lt9) projected posteriorly in a spine clearly surpassing the band uniting laterotergites 8. Tenth segment (X) rectangular. Capsula seminalis with long and large processes (Fig. 11, B-G) compared with genital plates. Distal part of ductus receptaculi sclerotized (tdr) and spherical. Sclerotized part of pars intermedialis vase like and longer than membranous part.
Comments. Stål (1872) characterized Pygoda by apical angle of the last abdominal segment surpassing anus and considered Hypoxys its allied taxon due to pronotal angle not produced but acute. Actually, this characteristic is shared by other groups comprising dozens of species, increasing the confusion. This large group is under study and Pygoda is the third taxon revised, the first was Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 and the second Plagaedessa Almeida & Fernandes, 2018. A key to separate genera of Edessinae and subgenera of Edessa was presented in Almeida et al. (2018).
Pygoda is raised to genus level due to the combination of pronotal angles short but acute; abdominal segment VII developed posteriorly and at least 1.5 longer than wide at the base. Males have pygophore large in relation to body size when compared with other edessines. Phallus is also large, constricted distally and showing a remarkable ventral development without parallel in any other group of Edessinae; phallus of Hypoxys (Fig. 10A) is presented to illustrate the differences. Females of Pygoda also show capsula seminalis extremely developed in comparison with other edessines. Figure 11 shows capsula seminalis from Pygoda (Fig. 11, B–H) as large as gonocoxites 9 and segment X, but in Hypoxys (Fig. 11A) the same structure is significantly smaller.
Distribution (Figs. 14–15). HONDURAS: Lempira, Olancho. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Alajuela, Heredia,
Cartago, Limón, Puntarenas. PANAMA: Bocas Del Toro, Chiriquí, Colón, Panama. GUIANA FRANCESA: St. Laurent Du Maroni. EQUADOR: Carchi, Guayas, Napo. BRASIL: Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz. PARAGUAY: Caaguazú. ARGENTINA: Loreto.
description: Published as part of Fernandes, Jose Antonio Marin, Nascimento, Agata Tyanne Silva & Nunes, Benedito Mendes, 2018, Revision of Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) with description of four new species, pp. 205-232 in Zootaxa 4461 (2) on pages 206-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1460028