cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ectopsocus pilosus Badonnel 1967
Creators: name: Georgiev, Dilian
name: Ostrovsky, Artsiom
name: Dobosz, Roland
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus
Ectopsocus pilosus

description: Ectopsocus pilosus Badonnel, 1967
Material examined: 27.02.2023, E of Karon vill., rain forest, from bushes, N07 50 51.1 E98 18 10.4, 80 m a. s. l., 1♀. Remark: Known from Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Kenya and Uganda (Lienhard 2016, Georgiev 2022, 2023b).
description: Published as part of Georgiev, Dilian, Ostrovsky, Artsiom & Dobosz, Roland, 2023, New records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Thailand, pp. 1-3 in ZooNotes 2023 (217) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13307430
title: Equity in Digital Education: Assessing the Impact of Remote and Online Learning on Low-Income Students in Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine and Effective Approaches
Creators: name: Tigranyan, Goharik
Publisher: name: Global Campus of Human Rights
Year: 2024
Subjects: right to education
technological innovations
human rights-based approach
education
children's rights
discrimination in education
Caucasus
Armenia
Moldova
Ukraine

description: This policy brief aims to examine the impact of remote and online learning choices on educational inequalities for low-income students in Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine. Digitalisation of education has become crucial since 2020, especially during the transition from offline to online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. While some countries adapted well, others, including the mentioned trio, struggled with issues such as the digital divide affecting access to information and communication technology (ICT) for low-income and rural families. This challenge has hindered the effective transition to online education and exacerbated educational disparities. To address this, it is vital to adopt a human rights-based approach that ensures equitable access to inclusive and quality education for all children, regardless of their socioeconomic status or location. Recognising the significance of education as a human right is essential in approaching the digital divide as a question of equity and justice rather than a technological challenge. States should prioritise reforms to bridge the digital divide through inclusive frameworks and hybrid learning strategies, potentially leveraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to sustainably improve educational outcomes.
Ectopsocus undetermined
Creators: name: Georgiev, Dilian
name: Ostrovsky, Artsiom
name: Dobosz, Roland
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus
Ectopsocus undetermined

description: Ectopsocus sp.
Material examined: 27.02.2023, E of Karon vill., rain forest, from bushes, N07 50 51.1 E98 18 10.4, 80 m a. s. l., 2♀. Remark: Small, pale yellowish-brown species (smaller than E. pilosus). Wings hyaline.
description: Published as part of Georgiev, Dilian, Ostrovsky, Artsiom & Dobosz, Roland, 2023, New records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Thailand, pp. 1-3 in ZooNotes 2023 (217) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13307430
Archipsocopsis fernandi
Creators: name: Georgiev, Dilian
name: Ostrovsky, Artsiom
name: Dobosz, Roland
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Archipsocidae
Archipsocopsis
Archipsocopsis fernandi

description: Archipsocopsis fernandi (Pearman, 1934)
Material examined: 27.02.2023, E of Karon vill., rain forest, from bushes, N07 50 51.1 E98 18 10.4, 80 m a. s. l., 1♀. Remark: The species was known from Australia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and Kenya (Lienhard 2016, Georgiev 2022).
description: Published as part of Georgiev, Dilian, Ostrovsky, Artsiom & Dobosz, Roland, 2023, New records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Thailand, pp. 1-3 in ZooNotes 2023 (217) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13307430
Archipsocus ghesquierei Badonnel 1946
Creators: name: Georgiev, Dilian
name: Ostrovsky, Artsiom
name: Dobosz, Roland
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Archipsocidae
Archipsocus
Archipsocus ghesquierei

description: Archipsocus cf. ghesquierei Badonnel, 1946
Material examined: 27.02.2023, E of Karon vill., rain forest, from bushes, N07 50 51.1 E98 18 10.4, 80 m a. s. l., 1♀. Remark: The species ghesquierei was known from Africa: Congo, Angola, Benin, Ivory Coast, Togo and Kenya (Lienhard 2016, Georgiev 2022).
description: Published as part of Georgiev, Dilian, Ostrovsky, Artsiom & Dobosz, Roland, 2023, New records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Thailand, pp. 1-3 in ZooNotes 2023 (217) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13307430
Lathrobium guts Senda 2022
Creators: name: Senda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium guts

description: Lathrobium guts Senda, 2022
Lathrobium guts Senda, 2022: 142 [original description].
Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu: [Fukushima Pref.] 1♂, 2♀♀, Karasu-tôge Pass, Izumizaki, Izumizakimura, 37.1418N, 140.2948E, 5.V.2018, S. Sejima leg. (pcYS).
Distribution. Japan: Eastern Honshu (Fukushima; Ibaraki; Chiba).
Comments. This species was described based on the specimens collected in Chiba and Ibaraki Prefectures (Senda, 2022). Distributional information of this species has not been available from Fukushima Prefecture.
description: Published as part of Senda, Yoshihiro, 2024, Seven new species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Central Honshu, Japan, with new distributional records, pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 5403 (5) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10562427
Lathrobium kurosawai Watanabe 2001
Creators: name: Senda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium kurosawai

description: Lathrobium kurosawai Watanabe, 2001
Lathrobium kurosawai Watanabe, 2001b: 359 [original description].— Smetana, 2004: 597 [catalogued].— Assing, 2013: 1618, 1637 [distribution; listed].— Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 955 [catalogued].— Assing, 2015: 66 [distribution].— Assing, 2019: 91, 104 [distribution; listed].— Senda, 2022: 146 [distribution].
Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu: [Ibaraki Pref.] 1♂, 2♀♀, Mt. Yamizo-san, Daigo-machi 36.9300N, 140.2736E, alt. 1,010 m, 1.XII.2018, S. Sejima leg. (pcYS). [Niigata Pref.] 2 ♂♂, Ôshuku, Takakura, Sumon-mura (now Uonuma-shi), alt. 450 m, 19–20.VIII.1998, Ishii, Ito & Sakayori leg. (KUM); 3♂♂, 5♀♀, nr. Nagamatsutogakushi-jinja Shrine, Eguchi, Hirokami-mura (now Uonuma-shi), 9–20.VIII.1998, Tamura, Ichihara & Matsunaga leg. (KUM). [Yamanashi Pref.] 1♂, Utsukushimori, Kiyosato, Hokuto-shi, 35.9373N, 138.4215E, alt. 1,480 m, 28.IV.2018, S. Sejima. (pcYS). [Nagano Pref.] 1♂, “Minamikiso” (probably means Nagiso-machi), 27.VIII.1979, K. Ishikawa leg. (EUMJ); 3♂♂, Jizô-tôge, Kami-mura, Iida-shi, alt. 1,400 m, 16.XI.1999, S. Nomura leg. (KUM).
Distribution. Japan: Eastern Honshu (Fukushima; Tochigi; Gunma; Ibaraki; Niigata; Yamanashi; Nagano; Toyama; Gifu) (Fig. 13).
Comments. This species is widely distributed in southern Tohoku Region to Chubu Region, but distributional information of this species has not been available from Niigata, Yamanashi and Nagano Prefectures.
description: Published as part of Senda, Yoshihiro, 2024, Seven new species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Central Honshu, Japan, with new distributional records, pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 5403 (5) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10562427
Lathrobium nabetaniense Watanabe 1997
Creators: name: Senda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium nabetaniense

description: Lathrobium nabetaniense Watanabe, 1997
Lathrobium nabetaniense Watanabe, 1997: 144 [original description].— Smetana, 2004: 597 [catalogued].— Assing, 2013: 1637 [listed].— Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 954 [catalogued].— Assing, 2019: 104 [listed].
Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu: [Fukui Pref.] 5♂♂, 6♀♀, Hakusan-jinja Shrine, Shimo-uchinami, Ôno-shi, 35.9672 N, 136.6249 E, alt. 320 m, 27.IX.2022, H. Hoshina leg. (NIAES, pcYS).
Distribution. Japan: Central Honshu (Ishikawa; Fukui) (Fig. 12).
Comments. This species was originally described from Nabetani, Tatsunokuchi-machi (now Nomi-shi), Ishikawa (Watanabe, 1997) and was known only from the type locality. The present record constitutes a second known location for this species.
description: Published as part of Senda, Yoshihiro, 2024, Seven new species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Central Honshu, Japan, with new distributional records, pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 5403 (5) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10562427
Lathrobium shiritakanum Watanabe 1997
Creators: name: Senda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium shiritakanum

description: Lathrobium shiritakanum Watanabe, 1997
Lathrobium nabetaniense Watanabe, 1997: 142 [original description].— Smetana, 2004: 598 [catalogued].— Assing, 2013: 1638 [listed].— Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 957 [catalogued].— Assing, 2019: 105 [listed].
Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu: [Fukui Pref.] 2♂♂, 1♀, Jôdoji-gawa Dam, Yoshino-chô, Katsuyama-shi, 36.0628 N, 136.5521 E, alt. 398 m, 16.IV.2021, R. Okano leg. (pcYS).
Distribution. Japan: Eastern Honshu (Ishikawa; Fukui) (Fig. 8).
Comments. This species was originally described from Mt. Shiritaka-yama, Tsurugi-machi (now Hakusan-shi), Ishikawa (Watanabe, 1997) and was known only from the type locality. The present record constitutes a second known location for this species.
description: Published as part of Senda, Yoshihiro, 2024, Seven new species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Central Honshu, Japan, with new distributional records, pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 5403 (5) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10562427
Lathrobium shinanense Watanabe 2011
Creators: name: Senda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium shinanense

description: Lathrobium shinanense Watanabe, 2011
Lathrobium shinanense Watanabe, 2011: 106 [original description].— Assing, 2013: 1638 [listed].— Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 957 [catalogued].— Assing, 2019: 104 [listed].
Material examined. JAPAN: Honshu: [Nagano Pref.] 1♂, Seinaiji-tôge, Nagiso-machi, 35.5407N, 137.6640E, alt. 1,050 m, 2.VI.2018, S. Sejima leg. (pcYS).
Distribution. Japan: Central Honshu (Nagano) (Fig. 12).
Comments. This species was previously only known from southern area of the Northern Japanese Alps (Watanabe, 2011). The present record is the first from the Central Japanese Alps. According to the collector of the examined specimen, it was collected by sifting leaf litter in a forest mainly composed of Carpinus spp. (Fagales, Betulaceae), Pterocarya rhoifolia Siebold & Zuccarini (Juglandales, Juglandaceae) and Aesculus turbinate Blume (Sapindales, Sapindaceae).
description: Published as part of Senda, Yoshihiro, 2024, Seven new species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Central Honshu, Japan, with new distributional records, pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 5403 (5) on page 524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10562427
Rhinusa linariae
Creators: name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Toševski, Ivo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rhinusa
Rhinusa linariae

description: Rhinusa linariae group
Remarks and comparative notes. This group is characterized by the shape of the rostrum which is strongly curved in lateral view (Figs 10 and 11), and the shape of the tibiae, with the uncus of the metatibiae of the same length in both sexes, and with the outer margin distinctly curved outward apically (Fig. 24), which induced Desbrochers des Loges (1893) to describe the new genus Entomoscelus, presently considered synonymous with Rhinusa (Caldara 2001). It is noteworthy that the latter character is actually possessed also by R. soluta (Faust, 1891) undoubtfully belonging to the R. neta group due to the peculiar pattern of the male genitalia.
Based on the shape of the penis (Fig. 27) the R. linariae group is considered to be closely related to the R. antirrhini group (Caldara et al. 2010). Preliminary molecular data seem to support this hypothesis (Hernández-Vera et al. 2013).
description: Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Toševski, Ivo, 2019, Rhinusa Stephens: a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the R. linariae R. herbarum, R. melas, and R. mauritii groups (Coleoptera Curculionidae), pp. 318-340 in Zootaxa 4679 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3772583
Herbal nutritional intervention for long-term infection with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii combined with ALS: a clinical case report
Creators: name: Mak, Chihim
name: Li, Xinjie
name: Meng, Wang
name: Li, Shaoyu
name: Cui, Chunyan
name: Cai, Dengfeng
name: Liang, Zhiwei
name: Lu, Tao
name: Jia, Qingshun
name: Shao, Xiangming
name: Ma, Yong
name: Fan, Guanghui
name: Mak, Chihang
name: Liu, Nan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We report a male patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for three years, infected with multidrug-resistant organisms(MDRO), primarily Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), for over a year.Following a nutritional intervention with two herbalbeverages, i.e., Sang Shen Pu Gong Ying (SSPGY) and Wu Zhi Mao Tao Hong Zao (WZMTHZ), noABwas detected in the patient’s samples, and levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes become normalized. This case suggests that the herbal nutritional drink significantly intervenes in long-term MDRO-AB infections with potent antimicrobial properties and is safe with no side effects, offering a novel and breakthrough strategy for MDROs infection research.
Rhinusa melas Caldara
Creators: name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Toševski, Ivo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rhinusa
Rhinusa melas

description: Rhinusa melas group
Remarks and comparative notes. The relationships of this group with the remaining species of Rhinusa are still uncertain, although a placement as sister to the R. mauritii + R. vestita + R. neta groups appears plausible based on the putatively synapomorphic shape of a sinuous flagellum. Preliminary molecular data support this relationship, although the R. melas group seems more closely related to the R. pilosa group (Hernández-Vera et al. 2013). Due to the habitus it seems related to the R. herbarum group, but the shape of the penis is distinctly different (pointed apex, sides of uniform height from base to apex, sclerotized flagellum).
description: Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Toševski, Ivo, 2019, Rhinusa Stephens: a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the R. linariae R. herbarum, R. melas, and R. mauritii groups (Coleoptera Curculionidae), pp. 318-340 in Zootaxa 4679 (2) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3772583
Rhinusa mauritii
Creators: name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Toševski, Ivo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rhinusa
Rhinusa mauritii

description: Rhinusa mauritii group
Remarks and comparative notes. This group is monobasic since it is composed only by R. mauritii, which is very distinctive because it is the only species in the Mecinini with a dorsal vestiture completely composed of broad and adpressed scales. Moreover, it possesses asymmetrical claws as in a few species of Mecinus and in many species of Cionus Clairville, 1798. Due to the shape of the internal sac of the aedeagus, which is short and initiates just in front of the basal third of the penis, leaving the apical two thirds completely empty, this group was placed near the R. vestita and R. neta groups by Caldara et al. (2010). Preliminary molecular data seem to support this placement (Hernández-Vera et al. 2013).
description: Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Toševski, Ivo, 2019, Rhinusa Stephens: a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the R. linariae R. herbarum, R. melas, and R. mauritii groups (Coleoptera Curculionidae), pp. 318-340 in Zootaxa 4679 (2) on page 334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3772583
Plato troglodita Coddington 1986
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato troglodita

description: Plato troglodita Coddington, 1986
Figures 3, 4, 23
Plato troglodita Coddington, 1986: 29, figs. 10–12, 23–28 (male holotype and female paratype from Cueva Los Tayos (03º06’S, 78º12’W), Morona Santiago, Ecuador, Ecuadorian British Los Tayos Expedition col., deposited in MCZ, not examined); Coddington, 1990: 19, fig. 104; Lopez, 1996: 192, fig. 7.
Other material examined. ECUADOR. Napo: Archidona, Caverna Oriente (0°54'31.0"S, 77°48'35.0"W), 5♀, 23.iv.1994, V. Roth col. (CAS; 1♀ MEV).
Diagnosis. Male's palps resemble that of Plato omnipraesens n. sp., especially the conductor apophysis (fig. 19B, C), but it differs by present a flattened conductor apophysis (fig. 3C), an elongated median apophysis and by the subrectrangular tip of embolus (fig. 3C). Females are recognized by the narrow, slightly curved transversal groove of the epigynum, with a support as thin as the transversal groove (fig. 4B, D), and the poorly sclerotized dorsal plate in the epigynum (fig. 4E).
Description. Male: see Coddington (1986): 29, figs. 10–12, 23, 24, 27, 28.
Female (CAS). Carapace, legs, labium, endites and chelicerae brown. Sternum little darker than the rest of the prosoma. Abdomen gray, length: 1.86 Total length: 2.88. Carapace length: 1.32. Clypeus height: 0.24. Sternum: 0.72 in length and width. Eyes: AME 0.1; AME-AME 0.04; ALE-PLE contiguous (0.1 each); PME-PME separated by 0.09 (PME 0.1). Legs: I femur 1.55/ patella 0.57/ tibia 1.35/ metatarsus 0.82/ tarsus 0.68/ total 4.97; II 1.37/ 0.52/ 1.15/ 0.77/ 0.7/ 4.51; III 1/ 0.45/ 0.75/ 0.57/ 0.52/ 3.29; IV 1.25/ 0.37/ 0.8/ 0.55/ 0.51/ 3.48. Epigynum: dorsal plate posterior to spermathecae (fig. 4E). Copulatory ducts with a rounded curve in the anterior region (fig. 4C). Abdomen oval.
Variation. 5 females: total length: 2.48–2.88; carapace: 1.15–1.32; femur I: 1.4–1.75.
Distribution. Caves in the departments of Morona Santiago and Napo, Ecuador (fig. 23).
Note. Male of P. troglodita was examined only by photos and illustrations presented by Coddington (1986) because there was no access to the type material.
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato bruneti
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato bruneti

description: Plato bruneti (Gertsch, 1960)
Figures 7, 8, 23
Maymena bruneti Gertsch, 1960: 37, figs 65–67 (female holotype and three female paratypes from Lopinot (East) cave, Saint George, Trinidad, P. C. J. Brunet col., deposited in AMNH, examined by photos).
Plato bruneti: Coddington, 1986: 31, fig. 14–22
Material examined. TRINIDAD. Saint Andrew, Valencia Ward, Oropouche Cave (61°10’W, 10°42’N), 12♂, 61♀, 09.ii.1984, J. Coddington col. (USNM). BRAZIL. Pará: Senador José Porfírio, right margins from Rio Xingu (51°46'W, 03°4'S), 1♂, 03.iii.2001 (MPEG. ARA 4811, SEM).
Diagnosis. The male of Plato bruneti is recognized by the conductor apophysis with denticulate tip (fig. 7B, D) and by the conspicuous ventral tegular projection (fig. 7B). Females are recognized by the mid-posteriorly lighter projection of the support in the transversal groove of the epigyna (fig. 8B).
Description. Male (MPEG.ARA 4811). Carapace and legs light brown. Chelicerae, labium, endites, and sternum brown. Abdomen grayish, length: 1.15. Total length: 2.1. Carapace length: 1. Clypeus height: 0.2. Sternum: 0.5 in length and width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.04; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.06 each); PME-PME separated by 0.08 (PME 0.1). Legs: I femur 1.2/ patella 0.45/ tibia 1/ metatarsus 0.7/ tarsus 0.5/ total 3.85; II 1/ 0.4/ 0.82/ 0.6/ 0.55/ 3.37; III 0.74/ 0.3/ 0.56/ 0.4/ 0.4/ 2.4; IV 0.86/ 0.35/ 0.7/ 0.5/ 0.42/ 2.83. Palp. Cymbium with elongated and rectilinear lamellae (fig. 7E). Embolus with a long distal apophysis, close to the conductor, exceeding the tip of the embolus (fig. 7C, F). Abdomen oval.
Female (AMNH). See Coddington (1986: 31, figs. 14, 15, 18–20). Complement: transversal groove remarkable (fig. 8B, C). Dorsal plate ellipsoidal, covering the spermathecae (fig. 8D). Copulatory ducts large (fig. 8D). *Note: based on the dorsal plate of the other Plato species, it is inferred that the structure not named by Coddington, 1986, is a dorsal plate in fig. 8D.
Note: Female of P. bruneti was examined by photos taken by L.F.M. Iniesta and illustrations presented by Coddington (1986) because there was no access to the type material.
Distribution. State of Pará, Brazil and Trinidad (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato ferriferus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit 2018
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato ferriferus

description: Plato ferriferus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018
Figures 1, 9, 10, 23
Plato ferriferus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018: 110, figs 1–3 (male holotype and female paratype from Cave N 4E_0079 (6º02'00"S, 50º09'07"W), Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 19.ii-4.iii.2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas col., deposited in IBSP 173283, examined). Paratypes: male and female from Cave N 5S_0037 (6°06'23"S, 50°07'59"W), 15–21.ix.2009, deposited in MPEG.ARA 32028; male and female from Cave N 5S_0012 (6°06'13"S, 50°07'33"W), 14–23.x.2009, deposited in MPEG.ARA 32027; male and female from Cave N 5S_0030 (6°05'20"S, 50°07'12"W), 14–16.xii.2010, deposited in MZSP 0929; male and female from Cave N 5S_0028 (6°05'19"S, 50°07'33"W), 10–19.v.2011, deposited in MZSP 70930, all from Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. col., examined.
Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, Cave Pedra da Cachoeira (3°19’15.7"S, 52°19’54.5"W), 1♂, 3♀, 3.iv.2011, M.E. Bichuette et al. col. (LES 3986); Flona de Carajás, Cave N5S_01 (6º05'29"S, 50º07'32"W), 1♂, 2♀, 3–13.v.2005 (IBSP 55790); Cave N5S_04 (6º06'21"S, 50º08'04"W), 1♀, 3–13.v.2005 (IBSP 55784); Cave N5S_10 (6º06'22"S, 50º07'54"W), 1♀, 3–13.v.2005 (IBSP 55792); Cave N5E_06, 1♀, 22.iii–3.iv.2005 (IBSP 55791), all collected by R. Andrade & Arnoni. Other cited material, see Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit (2018: 110).
Diagnosis. Males are recognized by the digitiform conductor apophysis, with a prominent base (fig. 9C–E). Females are diagnosed by the large epigynal plate, which internally has a canoe-shaped dorsal plate (fig. 10A, C, D).
Description. Male and female described by Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018: 110, figs. 1–3.
Distribution. Canaã dos Carajás, Parauapebas, Curionópolis, Altamira and São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará, Brazil (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato guacharo
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato guacharo

description: Plato guacharo (Brignoli, 1972)
Figures 11, 12, 23
Wendilgarda guacharo Brignoli, 1972: 372, figs 19–23 (male holotype and eight females paratypes from Cueva del Guacharo,
Monagas, Venezuela, 18.ii.1968, P. Strinati col., deposited in Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, not examined). Plato guacharo: Coddington, 1986: 33; Lopez, 1996: 192, fig. 8.
Materials examined. VENEZUELA. Monagas: Caripe, Cueva del Guacharo (10°08'03.7"N, 63°21'14.9"W), 2♂, 2♀, xii.2002, A. Perez & A. Giupponi col. (MNRJ 12830, SEM 1♂, 1♀); 2♀, 26.iii.1957, P. San Martin col. (CAS).
Diagnosis. Males of P. guacharo are identified by the short digitiform conductor apophysis rounded distally, small and strongly sclerotized (fig. 11B). Females are recognized by the conspicuous protuberance of the support in the transversal groove of the epigynal plate, which is transversally flattened (fig. 12D) and by the posteriorly bifid dorsal plate (fig. 12C).
Description. Male (MNRJ 12830). Carapace, sternum, labium and endites light brown. Chelicerae brown. Legs brown, except femurs II, III and IV dark brown. Abdomen grayish, length:0.9. Total length: 2. Carapace length: 1.16. Clypeus height: 0.28. Sternum: 0.52 in length and 0.5 in width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.04; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.08each); PME-PME separated by 0.07 (PME 0.09). Legs: I femur 1.39/ patella 0.46/ tibia 1.08/ metatarsus 0.8/ tarsus 0.6/ total 4.33; II 1.08/ 0.46/ 0.93/ 0.6/ 0.52/ 3.59; III 0.85/ 0.35/ 0.55/ 0.48/ 0.48/ 2.71; IV 1.06/ 0.35/ 0.7/ 0.54/ 0.46/ 3.11. Palp. Cymbial lamella short and recurved (fig. 11F).. Embolus with thick distal apophysis (fig. 11D). Abdomen oval.
Female (MNRJ 12830). Coloration as in male, except labium, endites and chelicerae dark brown. Abdomen oval, length: 1.74. Total length: 2.6; Carapace length: 1.25; Clypeus height: 0.25; Sternum: 0.65 in length and width; Eyes: AME: 0.08; AME-AME: 0.06; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.09 each); PME-PME separated by 1 PME (0.1). Legs: I femur 1.5/ patella 0.54/ tibia 1.18/ metatarsus 0.85/ tarsus 0.67/ total 4.74. II 1.33/ 0.52/ 1.05/ 0.76/ 0.64/ 4.3. III 0.93/ 0.43/ 0.7/ 0.5/ 0.48/ 3.04. IV 1.12/ 0.43/ 0.81/ 0.68/ 0.56/ 3.6. Epigynum: epigynal plate uniformly sclerotized (fig. 12B, F). Dorsal plate poor sclerotized, partially covering spermathecae (fig. 12E). Copulatory ducts rounded (fig. 12C).
Variation. 2 males: total length: 2–2.16; carapace: 1.06–1.16; femur I: 1.39. 4 females: total length: 2.4–2.7; carapace: 1.02–1.25; femur I: 1.5–1.7.
Distribution. Caves in department of Monagas, Venezuela (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato juberthiei Lopez 1996
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato juberthiei

description: Plato juberthiei Lopez, 1996
Figures 13, 23
Plato juberthiei Lopez, 1996: 191, figs 1–5 (Holotype female and four paratype females from Grotte de La Crique, Cayenne, 27 km southeast from Roura, French Guiana, 1993, C. Juberthie col., should be deposited in the Institut d’Otologie Jean Causse, Moulis, France, not found).
Material examined. FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: Roura, Montagnes Kaw (4°33'N, 52°09'W), 2♀, vii.1988, S. Marshall col. (USNM).
Diagnosis. Females of P. juberthiei can be recognized by the epigyna with a well-marked transversal groove and support (fig. 13D), large and globose copulatory ducts (fig. 13A, C), and by the oval dorsal plate (fig. 13A).
Description. Male unknown.
Female (USNM). Carapace and legs light brown. Sternum, labium, endites and chelicerae brown. Abdomen grayish, length: 1.74. Total length: 2.4. Carapace length: 0.93. Clypeus height: 0.14. Sternum: 0.48 in length and 0.5 in width. Eyes: AME: 0.09; AME-AME: 0.04; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.07 each); PME-PME separated by 1 PME (0.08). Legs: I femur 1.09/ patella 0.41/ tibia 0.72/ metatarsus 0.6/ tarsus 0.47/ total 3.29; II 0.92/ 0.4/ 0.65/ 0.5/ 0.42/ 2.89; III 0.62/ 0.32/ 0.45/ 0.4/ 0.35/ 2.14; IV 0.77/ 0.27/ 0.57/ 0.48/ 0.44/ 2.53. Epigynum: dorsal plate clearly visible posteriorly (fig. 13E). Spermathecae well located in the atrium, covered by the dorsal plate (fig. 13A). Abdomen oval.
Variation. 2 females: total length: 2.16–2.4; carapace: 0.93–1; femur I: 1.09–1.11.
Distribution. Known only from Cayenne, French Guiana (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on pages 14-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato miranda
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato miranda

description: Plato miranda (Brignoli, 1972)
Figures 14, 15, 23
Wendilgarda miranda Brignoli, 1972: 375, figs 24, 26–28, 30 (male holotype and six females paratypes from Cueva Alfredo Jahn, Miranda, Venezuela, 21.ii.1968, Bordon & P. Strinati col., deposited in Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, not examined).
Plato miranda: Coddington, 1986: 33; Lopez, 1996: 192, fig. 10.
Remarks. Despite not having located the type series, we obtained specimens from the type locality, collected by the MNRJ team.
Material examined. VENEZUELA. Lara: Parque Nacional Yacambu (10°32'46.5"N, 69°37'14.7"W), 1♀, xii.2002, A. Perez & A. Giupponi col. (MNRJ 12851); Miranda: Birongo, Cueva Alfredo Jahn (10°29'16.5"N, 66°15'02.1"W), 1♂, 6♀, 20.xii.2002, O. Villareal col. (MNRJ 12836, SEM 1♂, 1♀).
Diagnosis. Males of Plato miranda are recognized by the long, thin, and pointed conductor apophysis (fig. 14B). Females are recognized by the heavily sclerotized transversal groove of the epigyna, with a posteriorly elongated and elevated median region (fig. 15B, D, F).
Description. Male (MNRJ 12836). Carapace, sternum, labium, endites and chelicerae brown. Light brown legs. Abdomen grayish, length: 1.4. Total length: 2.2. Carapace length: 1.05. Clypeus height: 0.26. Sternum: 0.55 in length and width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.07; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.07 each); PME-PME separated by 1 PME (0.08). Legs: I femur 1.32/ patella 0.47/ tibia 1.1/ metatarsus 0.74/ tarsus 0.4/ total 4.03; II 1.14/ 046/ 0.93/ 0.62/ 0.52/ 3.67; III 0.64/ 0.3/ 0.62/ 0.45/ 0.42/ 2.43; IV 1/ 0.35/ 0.68/ 0.6/?/?. Palp. Cymbial lamella short and curved (fig. 14E). Embolus with wide distal apophysis small, surrounded by the hyaline membrane (fig. 14A, D). Abdomen oval.
Female (MNRJ 12851). Same color pattern as male. Abdomen oval, length: 1.6. Total length: 2.3. Carapace length: 1. Clypeus height: 0.2. Sternum: 0.5 in length and width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.04; ALE-PLE: contiguous (ALE: 0.07; PLE: 0.05); PME-PME separated by 1 PME (0.08). Legs: I femur 1.32/ patella 0.47/ tibia 1/ metatarsus 0.68/ tarsus 0.54/ total 3.99; II 1.1/ 0.42/ 0.8/ 0.58/ 0.52/ 3.42; III 0.7/ 0.32/ 0.52/ 0.42/ 0.42/ 2.38; IV 0.92/ 0.34/ 0.65/ 0.51/ 0.42/ 2.84. Epigynum: epigynal plate triangular with large transversal groove (fig. 15B, F). Dorsal plate covering the spermathecae, well sclerotized as the ventral epigynal plate (fig. 15C, E).
Variation. 6 females: total length: 2.22–3.6; carapace: 1.02–1.4; femur I: 1.4–1.55.
Distribution. Known from departments of Lara and Miranda, Venezuela (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato striatus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit 2018
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato striatus

description: Plato striatus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018
Figures 18, 23
Plato striatus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018: 136, fig. 4 (male holotype from Cave GEM_1786(6º06'19"S, 44º08'18"W), Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 07.ii.2011, R. Zampaulo et al. col., deposited in IBSP 176982.
Additional material examined. COLOMBIA. Department Amazonas: Rio Apaporis (0°25'S, 70°15'W), 1♂, 07– 16.ii.1999, B. Both et al. col. (CAS 332).
Diagnosis. Plato striatus is diagnosed by the atypical small, arrow-shaped, recurved conductor apophysis (fig. 18B), and the sinuous, tapered distal embolic apophysis (fig. 18C–E).
Description. Male described by Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018: 136.
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from a cave in Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil and now in the Department of Amazonas, Colombia (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
title: AI Integration in Education in the MENA Region: Will it Be a Driver of Social Inequality?
Creators: name: Traidi, Aida
Publisher: name: Global Campus of Human Rights
Year: 2024
Subjects: right to education
technological innovations
human rights-based approach
education
children's rights
artificial intelligence
Middle East
North Africa

description: This policy brief aims to open a regional discussion on the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, focusing on AI integration in education and related implications. The introductory section provides a comprehensive overview of the AI landscape in the region, exploring the state of AI education and the main AI government policies or strategies. The second section highlights existing challenges to the integration of AI in education in the region. Far from polarising positions, the next section reflects on the ways in which AI is causing disruption in education, arguing that this disruption can have both positive and negative impacts on various human rights, depending on the existence and enforcement of appropriate governance and regulatory frameworks. It then presents two different policy scenarios. Finally, concrete policy recommendations are provided for different actors to address and mitigate the identified risks to the right to education.
Plato peruana Prete & Brescovit 2024, new species
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato peruana

description: Plato peruana new species
Figures 21, 23
Types. Female holotype from Zona Reservada Pakitza (71°17'W, 11°56'S), Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru, 07– 13.v.1991, D. Silva col., deposited in USNM 482.
Etymology. The specific name is a feminine noun in apposition and refers to the country where this species was found, Peru.
Material examined. PERU. Loreto: Cocha Shinguito, Rio Samiria (74°45'W, 05°08'S), 2♀, 12.v.1990 (MUSM 500553); 1♀, 27.v.1990 (MUSM 511437); Pacaya-Samiria (74°50’W, 05°06’S), 1♀, viii.1989 (MUSM 500551), all collected by D. Silva.
Diagnosis. Females are recognized by the epigyna with a thick transversal groove, with a large projection in the region of the epigynal support (fig. 21D). Dorsal plate with a large median slit in the posterior portion, separating it in two sides (fig. 21C, G).
Description. Female (Holotype, USNM 482,). Carapace, sternum, labium, endites and chelicerae brown. Legs light brown. Abdomen grayish with two lighter bands dorsally, length 1.8. Total length: 2.5. Carapace length: 1.1. Clypeus height: 0.25. Sternum: 0.62 in length and 0.52 in width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.04; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.09 each); PME-PME separated by 0.09 (PME 0.1). Legs: I femur 1.3/ patella 0.5/ tibia 1.05/ metatarsus 075/ tarsus 0.65/ total 4.25; II 1.02/ 0.45/ 0.82/ 0.6/ 0.52/ 3.41; III 0.75/ 0.35/ 0.57/ 0.5/ 0.45/ 2.62; IV 1.05/ 0.3/ 0.67/ 0.5/ 0.38/ 2.9. Epigynum: ventral epigynal plate hyaline (fig. 21B). Dorsal plate covering the spermathecae (fig. 21C, G). Copulatory ducts forming an elbow bend (fig. 21C). Abdomen oval.
Variation. 5 females: total length: 2.2–2.5; carapace: 1–1.4; femur I: 1.3–1.5.
Distribution. Known only to the departments of Madre de Dios and Loreto, Peru (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Plato hamatus Prete & Brescovit 2024, new species
Creators: name: Prete, Pedro H.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiosomatidae
Plato
Plato hamatus

description: Plato hamatus new species
Figures 22, 23
Types. Male holotype and female paratype from Gruta dos Cururus (44°44'0"W, 17°36'1"S), Várzea da Palma, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 11.x.1999, R.L. Ferreira et al. col., deposited in UFMG 14216.
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, and means hook shaped in Latin, and refers to the shape of conductor apophysis in males of this species.
Material examined. Only the types.
Diagnosis. Males of Plato hamatus n. sp. are diagnosed by the hook-shaped apophysis of the conductor (fig. 22C). Females are recognized by the epigyna with a transversal groove in a semi-hexagonal shape, with a subrectangular dorsal plate, partially covering the spermathecae (fig. 22F, G).
Description. Male (Holotype, UFMG 14216). Carapace, sternum and legs light brown. Labium, endites and chelicerae dark brown. Abdomen grayish, length: 1. Total length: 1.85. Carapace length: 0.85; Clypeus height: 0.2. Sternum: 0.5 in length and width; Eyes: AME: 0.09; AME-AME: 0.01; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.05 each); PME-PME separated by 0.07 (PME 0.06). Legs: I femur 1.25/ patella 0.4/ tibia 1/ metatarsus 0.7/ tarsus 0.6/ total 3.95; II 1.05/ 0.35/ 0.9/ 0.6/ 0.55/ 3.45; III 0.8/ 0.3/ 0.55/ 0.4/ 0.36/ 2.41; IV 1/ 0.3/ 0.75/ 0.5/ 0.34/ 2.89. Palp: embolus with a distal apophysis, which covers the tip of the embolus (fig. 22E). Median apophysis with an elongated tip, but with a small curvature at its apex (fig. 22C). Abdomen oval.
Female (paratype, UFMG 14216). Same color pattern as male. Abdomen oval, length: 2.5. Total length: 2.7. Carapace length: 1. Clypeus height: 0.17. Sternum: 0.55 in length and width. Eyes: AME: 0.1; AME-AME: 0.02; ALE-PLE: contiguous (0.08 each); PME-PME separated by 0.07 (PME 0.09). Legs: I femur 1.05/ patella 0.35/ tibia 0.8/ metatarsus 0.7/ tarsus 0.5/ total 3.4; II 1/ 0.31/ 0.7/ 0.5/ 0. 4/2.91; III 0.75/ 0.28/ 0.55/ 0.45/ 0.4/ 2.43; IV 0.95/ 0.35/ 0.7/ 0.5/ 0.37/ 2.87. Epigynum: epigynal plate with thick transversal groove (fig. 22F). Copulatory ducts abruptly curved (fig. 22F, G).
Distribution. Record only from the type locality (fig. 23).
description: Published as part of Prete, Pedro H. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the orb weaving spider genus Plato Coddington, 1986 (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 5471 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/12189464
Paralethus Rowell & Perez-Gelabert 2006
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllavidae
Paralethus

description: Paralethus Rowell & Perez-Gelabert, 2006
This genus is distinguished from Lethus Rehn & Rehn, 1934; by its genital structure, shape of subgenital plate in males and females (see Rowell & Perez-Gelabert, 2006). It is distributed between El Salvador and Guatemala, with potential presence in other close countries like Belize, Honduras and southern Mexico. Here we propose a key to distinguish the known species of Paralethus.
Type species. Paralethus insolitus Rowell & Perez-Gelabert, 2006 by monotypy and original designation.
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529
Episactus brunneri Burr 1899
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllavidae
Episactus
Episactus brunneri

description: Episactus brunneri Burr, 1899
(figs. 33, 71–73)
Specimens examined. ♂ ♀. Guatemala, Zacapa, San Lorenzo. 700 m. 13 September 1992. I. Masaya leg (UVGC).
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529
Gymnotettix occidentalis Bruner 1901
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllavidae
Gymnotettix
Gymnotettix occidentalis

description: Gymnotettix occidentalis Bruner, 1901
(fig. 34)
Specimens examined. ♀. Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, road to finca “El Volcán”. 740 m. 22, June 1984. (UVGC).
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529
Pararhicnoderma eniocanoi Cadena-Castaneda & Monzon, new species
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Romaleidae
Pararhicnoderma
Pararhicnoderma eniocanoi

description: Pararhicnoderma eniocanoi Cadena-Castañeda & Monzón, new species
(figs. 37–44)
Diagnosis. Antennae with 22 segments. Tegument smooth and finely punctate. Vertex fastigium without tubercules, same as rostrum. Ectophallic valvae moderate in size with blunt apex, zingoma dorso-ventrally expanded from anterior margin, thinning towards posterior margin, undulate in dorsal view. Endophallus elevating from mesal portion in lateral view. Epiphallus simple and robust, lophi small and curving upwards in lateral view.
Holotype. ♂. Huehuetenango, Barillas, San Ramón, Río Bravo. 600 m. Latitude: 15.846620 Longitude: - 91.2322045. 20 July 2012. J. Monzón y F. Camposeco leg. (MUD).
Description. Male. Live coloration olive green. Integument finely punctate, relatively smooth, not nodular. Antennae with 22 segments. Vertex fastigium smooth, wide and without elongated tubercules. Prosternal process transverse, chisel-shaped, without obvious tubercles at ends. Pronotum cylindrical and without specialization. Legs: anterior and medial coxae reduced, medial femora and tibiae flattened laterally, latero-internal apex of the femora extending more than the latero-external apex, posterior femora ovoid and elongated, posterior tibiae slender and armed with eight pairs of dorsal spines, which originate from mesal portion, genicular lobules unarmed. Abdomen cylindrical and elongate. Tenth terguite hexagonal, wider than long in dorsal view, epiproctum triangular with apex concave, cerci cylindrical and not longer than epiproctal length, subgenital plate elongated, with superior border marked and merged to pallium. Phallic complex: ectophallic layer with cingulum capsular and expanded, dorsal processes of zygoma with apodema strongly sclerotized, ectophallic valvae medium in size, with blunt apex and emerging from base of zygoma. Endophallic layer elongated and composed by elongated filaments that diverge at the base. Epiphallus: basal bridge thick and undulated, more on the posterior than on the anterior margin, lophi robust and curving upwards in lateral view.
Female. Unknown.
Etymology. We are very proud to name this species after Enio B. Cano, the curator of the Arthropod Collection at Universidad del Valle de Guatemala for all his work to document the Guatemalan insect fauna.
Measurements (mm). Tl: 29, P: 3, Hf: 12, Ht: 13, Sp: 4.
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 389-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529
Lethus oresterus Rehn & Rehn 1934
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllavidae
Lethus
Lethus oresterus

description: Lethus oresterus Rehn & Rehn, 1934
(fig. 35)
Specimens examined. ♂. Guatemala, Huehuetenango, San Pedro. 2000 m. 15 May 1993. J. Monzón leg. ♂. Zacapa, La Unión, 8 March, 1997. D. Rodriguez leg. ♂. El Progreso, Finca Sta. Clara. 17 April, 1988. G. Samayoa leg. (UVGC).
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529
Cibotopteryx variegata Rehn 1905
Creators: name: Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
name: Monzón-Sierra, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Romaleidae
Cibotopteryx
Cibotopteryx variegata

description: Cibotopteryx variegata Rehn, 1905
(fig. 45)
Specimens examined. 2 ♂ 2♀. Guatemala, Guatemala, 12 october 1984. J. Peréz leg. ♂. Santa Rosa, Barberena, Cerro Redondo, 24 April 1991. R. Peréz. ♀. Escuintla, 20 September 1990 (inmature). (UVGC).
description: Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/250529