Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards 1880
Creators: name: Oliveira-Rogeri, Lucas
name: França, Nielson Felix Caetano
name: Peres, Pedro Augusto
name: Mantelatto, Fernando L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Panopeidae
Panopeus
Panopeus rugosus

description: 3.7. Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880   
(Fig. 1G, 10 A-L)  
 Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880: 314, pl. 57, Fig. 4; Benedict and Rathbun, 1891: 383; Rathbun, 1900: 15; Rathbun, 1930: 348, pl. 162–163; Rathbun, 1933: 61; Coelho and Ramos, 1972: 190; Abele and Kim, 1986: 51; Melo, 1996: 375; Almeida et al., 2006: 15; Coelho et al., 2008: 34; Melo, 2008: 11; Ng et al., 2008: 191; Felder et al., 2009: 1082; Marochi and Masunari, 2011: 25; Alves et al., 2012: 945; Thoma et al., 2014: 96; Mantelatto et al., 2020: 76.   
 3.7.1. Type material   
 Not available. Possibly lost after the Prussian bombardment of Paris, which hit the museum and its zoology service building (Milne-Edwards, 1880). Type-locality: Brazil: Bahia.   
 3.7.2. Material examined   
 Brazil: Sergipe: 1 female (CW 36.76 mm), MOUFPE 5883, Rio Sergipe, iv.1982. – S˜ao Paulo: 1 male (CW 50.11 mm) and 2 female (CW 41.95 mm and 43.56 mm), CCDB 6488, S˜ao Vicente, 14.ii.2011; 2 male (CW 51.36 mm and 54.30 mm) and 1 female (CW 36.35 mm), CCDB 736, Cananeia, 24 ◦ 59’27.1’’S, 47 ◦ 53’43.3’’W, 30.viii.2011; 1 male (CW 49.3 mm), CCDB 6411, Cananeia, 25 ◦ 01’22’’S, 47 ◦ 55’48’’W, 08. xi.2011.   
 3.7.3. Diagnosis   
Front developed and remarkably quadrilobed with prominent outer lobes, median sinus deep. Rough dorsal surface of carapace with distinct thick granulation pattern, particularly in the medial (1M, 2M), anterolateral (1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L) and postero-lateral (1 R, 2 R) carapace regions; transverse granulate striations prominent. Anterolateral margin of carapace consisting of five teeth. First inconspicuous and separated by a large and shallow sinus from the second; third tuberculiform, fourth triangular and fifth more similar to a spine than to a tooth. Chelipeds very rough and thick granulated, especially carpus and propodus. Carpal groove parallel to the distal margin of the segment present. Fingers deeply grooved. Pigmented spot on the inner surface of third maxilliped ischium absent. Sternites 3 and 4 with thick and sparse granules. Width of pleonite 6 greater at the distal end than at the proximal end; length: width ratio of pleonite 6 greater than 0.70; socket of pleonal locking mechanism not reaching the half of pleonite 6. Trilobed structure of gonopod apex present. Lateral tooth of first gonopod singular. Vulva more than half the length of the sternite 6; vulva with ovate shape.  
 3.7.4. Distribution   
Western Atlantic – United States (Florida), Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, Caribbean Sea, north of South America and Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, S˜ao Paulo, Paran´a, Santa Catarina) (Marochi and Masunari, 2011; Mantelatto et al., 2020).  
 3.7.5. Remarks   
 Although this species is known for being typically estuarine, Almeida et al. (2008) found some specimens in freshwater environment. This record was obtained from the Santana River (14 ◦ 51’07.4"S, 39 ◦ 04’12.8"W), in the Brazilian state of Bahia, which is also the type-locality for the species. Furthermore, the photo of a P. rugosus specimen presented by Almeida et al. (2008, Fig. 9, p. 1248) strongly resembles our P. rugosus specimens suggesting that those specimens truly correspond to this species and were not misidentified.
description: Published as part of Oliveira-Rogeri, Lucas, França, Nielson Felix Caetano, Peres, Pedro Augusto & Mantelatto, Fernando L., 2023, Cleaning the mud: Integrative approach clarifies the taxonomy of mud crabs of the genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae) along the Southwestern Atlantic, pp. 96-124 in Zoologischer Anzeiger 307 on pages 105-106, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2023.10.001, http://zenodo.org/record/10661087