cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Symplectic Coverings of the Projective Plane
Creators: name: Greuel, G. -M.
name: Kulikov, Vik. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a resolution of singularities of any finite covering of the projective plane branched along a Hurwitz curve $\bar H$ and, maybe, along a line "at infinity" can be embedded as a symplectic submanifold into some projective algebraic manifold equipped with an integer Kähler symplectic form (assuming that if $\bar H$ has negative nodes, then the covering is non-singular over them). For cyclic coverings we can realize this embeddings into a rational algebraic 3--fold. Properties of the Alexander polynomial of $\bar{H}$ are investigated and applied to the calculation of the first Betti number $b_1(\bar X_n)$ of a resolution $\bar X_n$ of singularities of $n$-sheeted cyclic coverings of $\mathbb C\mathbb P^2$ branched along $\bar H$ and, maybe, along a line "at infinity". We prove that $b_1(\bar X_n)$ is even if $\bar H$ is an irreducible Hurwitz curve but, in contrast to the algebraic case, that it can take any non-negative value in the case when $\bar H$ consists of several irreducible components.
description: 42 pages
DECLINING COTTON ACREAGE IMPACTS ON U.S. COTTON GINNING INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COSTS
Creators: name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Hudson, Darren
name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Hudson, Darren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: The United States cotton industry has seen sustained reductions in cotton acreage since 2006 that coincided with increased production of biofuels that afforded higher returns to crops such as corn, among others, from which biofuels are derived. With lower cotton production following reduced acreage, the average number of bales processed per gin in the U.S. declined from 26,920 bales in 2006 to 17,453 in 2008. As a result of this lower effective demand, higher-capacity gins are constrained to produce at lower volumes below their minimum efficient scale at higher costs. On the other hand, smaller capacity gins now operate closer to their minimum efficient scale which makes them more cost-effective in producing lower volumes. This paper evaluates how the recent declines in cotton acreage have affected the structure and costs faced by cotton gins in the U.S.
description: Paper prepared for 2010 Cotton Beltwide Conferences, New Orleans, Louisiana, January, 2010
Additional file 14 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 14. CHCP CC4. Transcript of interview with community health care practitioner, region 4
LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PHASE-OUT OF THE MFAs: MOVING FROM MANAGED DISTORTION TO MANAGED DISTORTION
Creators: name: Hudson, Darren
name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Hudson, Darren
name: Ethridge, Don E.
name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The establishment and the eventual phase-out of the Multi-Fiber Arrangements (MFAs) have the potential to offer lessons about managed trade. While many factors have influenced the market outcomes in textiles and clothing (T&C), this paper attempts to distill key elements that can form the foundation of a better understanding of changes in managed trade systems for the future. Filtering past history can be difficult because of the myriad of confounding causal factors that result in observed behavior. Nevertheless, a retrospective can be useful because it passes observations through a prism that can delineate some root causes and consequences. This paper proceeds as follows. First, a brief history of textile and clothing MFAs is presented. Next, some of the unintended consequences of textile trade policy are discussed. Third, the pre-MFA phase-out estimates of impacts and compare those with actual outcomes are summarized. Fourth, an overview of the MFA phase-out and some of the policy responses in the wake (or in conjunction with) the phase-out is provided. Finally, we offer some lessons learned from the MFA removal process and some questions for the future.
description: Paper presented at 69th ICAC Meetings, Lubbock, TX, September 2010
NICER-NuSTAR Observations of the Neutron Star Low-Mass X-ray Binary 4U 1735-44
Creators: name: Ludlam, R. M.
name: Cackett, E. M.
name: García, J. A.
name: Miller, J. M.
name: Bult, P. M.
name: Strohmayer, T. E.
name: Guillot, S.
name: Jaisawal, G. K.
name: Malacaria, C.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Markwardt, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first simultaneous $NICER$ and $NuSTAR$ observations of the neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1735$-$44, obtained in 2018 August. The source was at a luminosity of $\sim1.8~(D/5.6\ \mathrm{kpc})^{2}\times10^{37}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ in the $0.4-30$ keV band. We account for the continuum emission with two different continuum descriptions that have been used to model the source previously. Despite the choice in continuum model, the combined passband reveals a broad Fe K line indicative of reflection in the spectrum. In order to account for the reflection spectrum we utilize a modified version of the reflection model RELXILL that is tailored for thermal emission from accreting NSs. Alternatively, we also use the reflection convolution model of RFXCONV to model the reflected emission that would arise from a Comptonized thermal component for comparison. We determine that the innermost region of the accretion disk extends close to the innermost stable circular orbit ($R_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$) at the 90% confidence level regardless of reflection model. Moreover, the current flux calibration of $NICER$ is within 5% of the $NuSTAR$/FPMA(B).
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 8 pages, 1 table, 5 figures
Renormalized non-perturbative scalar and fermions models in Covariant Light Front Dynamics
Creators: name: Mathiot, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of the Covariant formulation of Light-Front Dynamics, we develop a general non-perturbative renormalization scheme, based on the Fock decomposition of the state vector and its truncation. The explicit dependence of our formalism on the orientation of the light front, defined by a light-like four vector $ω$, is essential in order to analyze the structure of the counterterms needed to renormalize the theory. We illustrate our framework for scalar and fermion models
Stochastic approximation cut algorithm for inference in modularized Bayesian models
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Goudie, Robert J. B.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
Cutting feedback
Stochastic approximation Monte Carlo
Intractable normalizing functions
Discretization

description: Abstract: Bayesian modelling enables us to accommodate complex forms of data and make a comprehensive inference, but the effect of partial misspecification of the model is a concern. One approach in this setting is to modularize the model and prevent feedback from suspect modules, using a cut model. After observing data, this leads to the cut distribution which normally does not have a closed form. Previous studies have proposed algorithms to sample from this distribution, but these algorithms have unclear theoretical convergence properties. To address this, we propose a new algorithm called the stochastic approximation cut (SACut) algorithm as an alternative. The algorithm is divided into two parallel chains. The main chain targets an approximation to the cut distribution; the auxiliary chain is used to form an adaptive proposal distribution for the main chain. We prove convergence of the samples drawn by the proposed algorithm and present the exact limit. Although SACut is biased, since the main chain does not target the exact cut distribution, we prove this bias can be reduced geometrically by increasing a user-chosen tuning parameter. In addition, parallel computing can be easily adopted for SACut, which greatly reduces computation time.
Response of Cotton to Oil Price Shocks
Creators: name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Hudson, Darren
name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Hudson, Darren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Cotton
subject: oil price
subject: demand shocks
subject: supply shocks
subject: structural vector autoregression

description: This paper shows that the response of cotton prices in the U.S. to fluctuations in oil prices in the international market may differ greatly depending on whether the increase is driven by demand or supply shocks in the crude oil market. In the long-run, around 3 percent of the variability in cotton prices can be attributed to shocks to global demand for industrial commodities while none can be traced to oil supply shocks
description: Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, February 6-9, 2010
Industry Organization and Output Size Distribution of Cotton Gins in the U.S.
Creators: name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Hudson, Darren
name: Mutuc, Maria Erlinda M.
name: Hudson, Darren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Cotton
subject: cotton gins
subject: transitional probabilities
subject: Markov
subject: minimum efficient scale

description: With cotton output declining by 46 percent from 2005-2008 (from 23.89 M bales in 2005 to 12.8 M bales in 2008), gins are processing less cotton. This paper examines how output size distribution of cotton gins in the U.S. has evolved and the extent to which the developments in the U.S. ethanol industry, specifically the passage of the Energy Policy Act in 2005 (and its subsequent revisions), have influenced this structural process. Markov transitional probability matrices (TPMs) are estimated for two periods: 1994-2004 and 2005-2008 to determine changes in output size distribution of gins. TPMs indicate that relative to the pre-2005 period, gins had a greater propensity to process lower outputs after 2005. It is purported that in industries constrained by declining demand, bigger firms with excess capacity operate at higher costs than smaller firms that operate closer to their minimum efficient scale.
description: Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, February 6-9, 2010
Consumption Ozone-Depleting Substances Impact in Central American GDAP: An Input Oriented Malmquist DEA Index
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Malmquist DEA Index
subject: GDAP
subject: ODS
subject: hydrochlorofluorocabons (HCFCs)
subject: methyl bromide (Methyl Bromide)
subject: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

description: This study measures the impact of consumption Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) on the Gross Domestic Agricultural Product (GDAP) of the Central American Countries. The methodology used is a non-parametric program under Data Envelopment Analyze (DEA) with the Malmquist indices methods. The DEA methodology permits define the technology bound or performance. It discomposes the total factor productivity (TFP) in technical efficiency change, technological change, pure technical efficiency change and the scale efficiency change. A panel data was made with the CEPAL economic and environment statistics. Both periods was used 1995-2006 and 2007-2008. The TFP index summary showed that the performance was decreased to 15.4 % by unit in the GDAP change mean, during 1995-2006 periods. This effect was associated over the policy measures that they were taken by your respective governments for producing with less consumption ozone depleting substances. This situation was improved on the second period that was increased to 33.4 %. Costa Rica, Cuba, y Nicaragua were taken as a performance benchmarking of Central American economy. On the other hand, the technical efficiency to variable scale return evidenced that the Central American countries were technical inefficiency to constants scale return and Nicaragua only was efficiency to variable scale return.
description: Contribution to Second Congress Rural Development.
Recovery from premigration trauma among recent immigrants from Africa : What helped? What did not help? What would help?
Creators: name: Mmapatsi, Selebaleng S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The principal aim o f this research study was to examine what immigrants and refugees from Africa experienced as helpful, unhelpful or what would have helped in their recovery from pre-migration trauma. The sample included thirteen self-referred participants residing in the Lower mainland, British Columbia, Canada. Participation in this study was based on the following four criteria. First, the participants were immigrants, refugees and international students from Su-Saharan Africa who arrived in Canada between 1991 and 2003. Second, the participants had experienced trauma in Africa, which they volunteered to share. Third, they confirmed not to be undergoing therapy or psychiatric treatment at the time of the interview. Fourth, participants were to be adults between 20 and 50 years of age. The Critical Incident interviews were utilized to screen the participants, collect and analyze data. Incidents were further organized by placing them on a timeline methodology. The timeline categorizes the low and high points of events that happen in a lifetime according to three main periods, namely; beginning, middle and end of the process of recovery from premigration trauma. Three hundred and twenty eight incidents were formed from 13 interviews including, 140 incidents helpful (42.68%) with the participation rate of 70.77%, 119 unhelpful (36.28%) with the participation rate of 64.10% and 69 would be helpful incidents (21.04), participation rate of 53.85%. Most of the incidents reported by the participants were based on refugee experiences. The findings suggest a mental health intervention that recognizes the social support, beliefs and security. Future research should aspects of culture in the appraisal and healing of trauma as well as tenets of programs based on the context of those served not expert opinion. Experiences of health caretaker, support personnel international students who migrated under the auspices of the host Government's sponsorships need to be examined in order to develop a theory that is grounded on the lived experience.
Additional file 12 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 12. Union Parishad Chairman (2). Transcript of interview with union parishad chairman, region 2.
Geometric compression of invariant manifolds in neural nets
Creators: name: Paccolat, Jonas
name: Petrini, Leonardo
name: Geiger, Mario
name: Tyloo, Kevin
name: Wyart, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study how neural networks compress uninformative input space in models where data lie in $d$ dimensions, but whose label only vary within a linear manifold of dimension $d_\parallel < d$. We show that for a one-hidden layer network initialized with infinitesimal weights (i.e. in the feature learning regime) trained with gradient descent, the first layer of weights evolve to become nearly insensitive to the $d_\perp=d-d_\parallel$ uninformative directions. These are effectively compressed by a factor $λ\sim \sqrt{p}$, where $p$ is the size of the training set. We quantify the benefit of such a compression on the test error $ε$. For large initialization of the weights (the lazy training regime), no compression occurs and for regular boundaries separating labels we find that $ε\sim p^{-β}$, with $β_\text{Lazy} = d / (3d-2)$. Compression improves the learning curves so that $β_\text{Feature} = (2d-1)/(3d-2)$ if $d_\parallel = 1$ and $β_\text{Feature} = (d + d_\perp/2)/(3d-2)$ if $d_\parallel > 1$. We test these predictions for a stripe model where boundaries are parallel interfaces ($d_\parallel=1$) as well as for a cylindrical boundary ($d_\parallel=2$). Next we show that compression shapes the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) evolution in time, so that its top eigenvectors become more informative and display a larger projection on the labels. Consequently, kernel learning with the frozen NTK at the end of training outperforms the initial NTK. We confirm these predictions both for a one-hidden layer FC network trained on the stripe model and for a 16-layers CNN trained on MNIST, for which we also find $β_\text{Feature}>β_\text{Lazy}$.
Naphthalene derivatives and diarylheptanoids from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
Creators: name: Huang, Si-Yang
name: Zhang, Pan-Pan
name: Yan, Meng-Xia
name: Wang, Yang-Yang
name: Yu, Mei-Lan
name: Wang, De-Kai
name: Yang, Bo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A phytochemical study of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus led to the discovery of five naphthalene derivatives (1–5) and two diarylheptanoids (6–7), among which compounds 1 and 6 are new natural products. The structural elucidation of these new compounds was achieved through an in-depth examination of spectroscopic data, including NMR, MS, and IR. Their absolute configurations were established using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and dimolybdenum tetraacetate-induced circular dichroism CD (ICD) experiments. Notably, compound 7 exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, demonstrating an IC50 value of 14.5 ± 3.3 µM.
Mapping the temporal and spatial dynamics of the human endometrium in vivo and in vitro
Creators: name: Garcia-Alonso, Luz
name: Handfield, Louis-François
name: Roberts, Kenny
name: Nikolakopoulou, Konstantina
name: Fernando, Ridma C.
name: Gardner, Lucy
name: Woodhams, Benjamin
name: Arutyunyan, Anna
name: Polanski, Krzysztof
name: Hoo, Regina
name: Sancho-Serra, Carmen
name: Li, Tong
name: Kwakwa, Kwasi
name: Tuck, Elizabeth
name: Lorenzi, Valentina
name: Massalha, Hassan
name: Prete, Martin
name: Kleshchevnikov, Vitalii
name: Tarkowska, Aleksandra
name: Porter, Tarryn
name: Mazzeo, Cecilia Icoresi
name: Van Dongen, Stijn
name: Dabrowska, Monika
name: Vaskivskyi, Vasyl
name: Mahbubani, Krishnaa T.
name: Park, Jong-Eun
name: Jimenez-Linan, Mercedes
name: Campos, Lia
name: Kiselev, Vladimir Yu.
name: Lindskog, Cecilia
name: Ayuk, Paul
name: Prigmore, Elena
name: Stratton, Michael R.
name: Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh
name: Moffett, Ashley
name: Moore, Luiza
name: Bayraktar, Omer A.
name: Teichmann, Sarah A.
name: Turco, Margherita Y.
name: Vento-Tormo, Roser
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/80
/631/45
article

description: Abstract: The endometrium, the mucosal lining of the uterus, undergoes dynamic changes throughout the menstrual cycle in response to ovarian hormones. We have generated dense single-cell and spatial reference maps of the human uterus and three-dimensional endometrial organoid cultures. We dissect the signaling pathways that determine cell fate of the epithelial lineages in the lumenal and glandular microenvironments. Our benchmark of the endometrial organoids reveals the pathways and cell states regulating differentiation of the secretory and ciliated lineages both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro downregulation of WNT or NOTCH pathways increases the differentiation efficiency along the secretory and ciliated lineages, respectively. We utilize our cellular maps to deconvolute bulk data from endometrial cancers and endometriotic lesions, illuminating the cell types dominating in each of these disorders. These mechanistic insights provide a platform for future development of treatments for common conditions including endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma.
Additional file 13 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 13. CHCP CC1. Transcript of interview with community health care practitioner, region 1.
Hecke operators on period functions for $Γ_0(n)$
Creators: name: Mühlenbruch, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F25, 11F67

description: Matrix representations of Hecke operators on classical holomorphical cusp forms and the corresponding period polynomials are well known. In this article we derive representations of Hecke operators for vector valued period functions for the congruence subgroups $Γ_0(n)$. For this we use an integral transform from the space of vector valued cusp forms to the space of vector valued period functions.
description: v2: corrected version, submitted to Journal of Number, 29 pages, 1 figure
A Habitable-Zone Earth-Sized Planet Rescued from False Positive Status
Creators: name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Rowden, Pamela
name: Bryson, Steve
name: Coughlin, Jeffrey
name: Batalha, Natalie
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Mullally, Susan E.
name: Colón, Knicole D.
name: Henze, Chris
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of a low-mass star called Kepler-1649. The planet, Kepler-1649 c, is 1.06$^{+0.15}_{-0.10}$ times the size of Earth and transits its 0.1977 +/- 0.0051 Msun mid M-dwarf host star every 19.5 days. It receives 74 +/- 3 % the incident flux of Earth, giving it an equilibrium temperature of 234 +/- 20K and placing it firmly inside the circumstellar habitable zone. Kepler-1649 also hosts a previously-known inner planet that orbits every 8.7 days and is roughly equivalent to Venus in size and incident flux. Kepler-1649 c was originally classified as a false positive by the Kepler pipeline, but was rescued as part of a systematic visual inspection of all automatically dispositioned Kepler false positives. This discovery highlights the value of human inspection of planet candidates even as automated techniques improve, and hints that terrestrial planets around mid to late M-dwarfs may be more common than those around more massive stars.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Additional file 11 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 11. Union Parishad Chairman (1). Transcript of interview with union parishad chairman, region 1.
Feature Expansive Reward Learning: Rethinking Human Input
Creators: name: Bobu, Andreea
name: Wiggert, Marius
name: Tomlin, Claire
name: Dragan, Anca D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When a person is not satisfied with how a robot performs a task, they can intervene to correct it. Reward learning methods enable the robot to adapt its reward function online based on such human input, but they rely on handcrafted features. When the correction cannot be explained by these features, recent work in deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) suggests that the robot could ask for task demonstrations and recover a reward defined over the raw state space. Our insight is that rather than implicitly learning about the missing feature(s) from demonstrations, the robot should instead ask for data that explicitly teaches it about what it is missing. We introduce a new type of human input in which the person guides the robot from states where the feature being taught is highly expressed to states where it is not. We propose an algorithm for learning the feature from the raw state space and integrating it into the reward function. By focusing the human input on the missing feature, our method decreases sample complexity and improves generalization of the learned reward over the above deep IRL baseline. We show this in experiments with a physical 7DOF robot manipulator, as well as in a user study conducted in a simulated environment.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
A Maximin $Φ_{p}$-Efficient Design for Multivariate GLM
Creators: name: Li, Yiou
name: Kang, Lulu
name: Deng, Xinwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Experimental designs for a generalized linear model (GLM) often depend on the specification of the model, including the link function, the predictors, and unknown parameters, such as the regression coefficients. To deal with uncertainties of these model specifications, it is important to construct optimal designs with high efficiency under such uncertainties. Existing methods such as Bayesian experimental designs often use prior distributions of model specifications to incorporate model uncertainties into the design criterion. Alternatively, one can obtain the design by optimizing the worst-case design efficiency with respect to uncertainties of model specifications. In this work, we propose a new Maximin $Φ_p$-Efficient (or Mm-$Φ_p$ for short) design which aims at maximizing the minimum $Φ_p$-efficiency under model uncertainties. Based on the theoretical properties of the proposed criterion, we develop an efficient algorithm with sound convergence properties to construct the Mm-$Φ_p$ design. The performance of the proposed Mm-$Φ_p$ design is assessed through several numerical examples.
Methodology for Two Weighting Applications for the 2008 Zambia Supplemental Survey
Creators: name: Megill, David J.
name: Megill, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: AGRICULTURE
subject: AFRICA
subject: SURVEY
subject: FOOD SECURITY

description: In 2001 the first Supplemental Survey (SS) was conducted using the panel of the sample households selected for the 1999/2000 Post-Harvest Survey (PHS). All of the sample households in the PHS 99/00 that were found in the sample standard enumeration areas (SEAs) in 2001 were included in the sample for this first SS. The SS04 and SS08 followed this same panel of sample households three and seven years later to provide additional longitudinal data for these households. The main objective of the SS was to provide longitudinal data for the sample households in the panel that can be used to study micro-level changes in agricultural practices and socio-economic characteristics over time. The correlation in the sample data between each SS and the PHS 99/00 will improve the precision of the estimates of trends over time for relative indicators such means and proportions.
Displacement of drilling mud during primary cementing in near vertical oil wells
Creators: name: Sood, Shalu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, we consider the physical problem that stems from the industrial process of oil well cementing during the well's construction. The laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in an eccentric annuli has been the subject of many investigations. The work presented here is part of a combined theoretical-experimental approach to the problem of non-Newtonian displacement. An annular flow loop is constructed so that controlled experiments can be performed on fluid displacements. We conduct a series of experiments using two different carbopol solutions. The drilling muds are non-Newtonian in nature and exhibit a yield stress, we investigate the effects of primary factors, i.e. eccentricity, inclination, density contrast, pH and concentration of carbopol solutions on the displacement of two non- Newtonian fluids in an eccentric annulus. From the experimental results, we classify the regimes of stable and unsteady displacements qualitatively. We report a new phenomenon of flow bypass occurring for concentric cases. We compare our experimental results with a simplified model which allows for a prediction of the displacement flow type. The lubrication model is not in good agreement with the experimental results.
Improved thermal area law and quasi-linear time algorithm for quantum Gibbs states
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Tomotaka
name: Alhambra, Álvaro M.
name: Anshu, Anurag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most fundamental problems in quantum many-body physics is the characterization of correlations among thermal states. Of particular relevance is the thermal area law, which justifies the tensor network approximations to thermal states with a bond dimension growing polynomially with the system size. In the regime of sufficiently low temperatures, which is particularly important for practical applications, the existing techniques do not yield optimal bounds. Here, we propose a new thermal area law that holds for generic many-body systems on lattices. We improve the temperature dependence from the original $\mathcal{O}(β)$ to $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(β^{2/3})$, thereby suggesting diffusive propagation of entanglement by imaginary time evolution. This qualitatively differs from the real-time evolution which usually induces linear growth of entanglement. We also prove analogous bounds for the Rényi entanglement of purification and the entanglement of formation. Our analysis is based on a polynomial approximation to the exponential function which provides a relationship between the imaginary-time evolution and random walks. Moreover, for one-dimensional (1D) systems with $n$ spins, we prove that the Gibbs state is well-approximated by a matrix product operator with a sublinear bond dimension of $e^{\sqrt{\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(β\log(n))}}$. This proof allows us to rigorously establish, for the first time, a quasi-linear time classical algorithm for constructing an MPS representation of 1D quantum Gibbs states at arbitrary temperatures of $β= o(\log(n))$. Our new technical ingredient is a block decomposition of the Gibbs state, that bears resemblance to the decomposition of real-time evolution given by Haah et al., FOCS'18.
description: 20 pages + 29 pages, 9 figures - v2: published version
Additional file 10 of A process for developing a sustainable and scalable approach to community engagement: community dialogue approach for addressing the drivers of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh
Creators: name: King, Rebecca
name: Hicks, Joseph
name: Rassi, Christian
name: Shafique, Muhammad
name: Barua, Deepa
name: Prashanta Bhowmik
name: Das, Mahua
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Questa, Kate
name: Fariza Fieroze
name: Hamade, Prudence
name: Sameena Huque
name: Newell, James
name: Rumana Huque
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 10. CSG Members Male (5). Transcript of focus group discussion with male members of the community support group, region 5.
Radio linear polarization of GRB afterglows: Instrumental Systematics in ALMA observations of GRB 171205A
Creators: name: Laskar, Tanmoy
name: Hull, Charles L. H.
name: Cortes, Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization measurements of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are a promising means of probing the structure, geometry, and magnetic composition of relativistic GRB jets. However, a precise treatment of instrumental calibration is vital for a robust physical interpretation of polarization data, requiring tests of and validations against potential instrumental systematics. We illustrate this with ALMA Band 3 (97.5 GHz) observations of GRB 171205A taken $\approx5.19$ days after the burst, where a detection of linear polarization was recently claimed. We describe a series of tests for evaluating the stability of polarization measurements with ALMA. Using these tests to re-analyze and evaluate the archival ALMA data, we uncover systematics in the polarization calibration at the $\approx0.09\%$ level. We derive a 3$σ$ upper limit on the linearly polarized intensity of $P<97.2~μ$Jy, corresponding to an upper limit on the linear fractional polarization of $Π_{\rm L}<0.30\%$, in contrast to the previously claimed detection. Our upper limit improves upon existing constraints on the intrinsic polarization of GRB radio afterglows by a factor of 3. We discuss this measurement in the context of constraints on the jet magnetic field geometry. We present a compilation of polarization observations of GRB radio afterglows, and demonstrate that a significant improvement in sensitivity is desirable for eventually detecting signals polarized at the $\approx0.1\%$ level from typical radio afterglows.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 7 of The significance of m6A RNA methylation regulators in predicting the prognosis and clinical course of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Qiongxuan Fang
name: Chen, Hongsong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S7. The enriched genes in KEGG pathways.
Effects of Maize Marketing and Trade Policy on Price Unpredictability in Zambia
Creators: name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: zambia
subject: maize
subject: trade
subject: price

description: As events in the 2008/09 season have amply demonstrated, instability in staple food market remains a major problem in Zambia. A rise in world food price levels and instability, which is projected to occur in the near future according to several international institutes, will make it all more important for developing countries to consider the strengths and weaknesses of alternative approaches for buffering their domestic food systems from potential high volatility in world markets. These findings suggest that promoting more “rules based” approaches to marketing and trade policy may reduce the level of policy uncertainty and the price instability associated with it. Greater policy stability may also contribute to broader grain market development. For the most part, addressing problems of policy uncertainty involve very little cost per se, but do require greater coordination and more efficient management of government operations. However, policy makers may feel that rules-based and non-discretionary marketing and trade policies entails a loss of control and autonomy – leaders are bound to act according to predefined rules and triggers. Successfully addressing these dilemmas may lie at the heart of efforts to move to a new post-liberalization system in which governments retain the ability to influence prices to achieve national food security objectives but within a clear and transparent framework of credible commitment to support long run private investment in the development of markets.
Circumventing the axial anomalies and the strong CP problem
Creators: name: Kekez, D.
name: Klabucar, D.
name: Scadron, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many meson processes are related to the U_A(1) axial anomaly, present in the Feynman graphs where fermion loops connect axial vertices with vector vertices. However, the coupling of pseudoscalar mesons to quarks does not have to be formulated via axial vertices. The pseudoscalar coupling is also possible, and this approach is especially natural on the level of the quark substructure of hadrons. In this paper we point out the advantages of calculating these processes using (instead of the anomalous graphs) the graphs where axial vertices are replaced by pseudoscalar vertices. We elaborate especially the case of the processes related to the Abelian axial anomaly of QED, but we speculate that it seems possible that effects of the non-Abelian axial anomaly of QCD can be accounted for in an analogous way.
description: 13 pages, some typos corrected, published in Prof. D. Tadic's memorial issue of Fizika B, expanded version of hep-ph/0512123
Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia.
Creators: name: Xu, Zhiying
name: Guan, Zhengfei
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Xu, Zhiying
name: Guan, Zhengfei
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Black, J. Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: zambia
subject: maize
subject: fertilizer
subject: profitability

description: Fertilizer use remains very low in most of Africa despite widespread agreement that much higher use rates are required for sustained agricultural productivity growth. This study estimates maize yield response functions in agro-ecological Zone IIA, a relatively high potential zone of Zambia, to determine the profitability of fertilizer use under a range of small farm conditions found within this zone. The theoretical framework used in this study incorporates agronomic principles of the crop growth process. The model distinguishes different roles of inputs and non-input factors in crop production. We estimate the effects of conventional production inputs as well as household characteristics and government programs on maize yield for households in the dominant acrisols soil type. Results indicate that even within this particular soil type within Zone IIA, the maize-fertilizer response rate in the two specific years varied widely across households. The main factors explaining the variability in maize-fertilizer response rates were the rate of application, the timeliness of fertilizer availability, the use of animal draught power during land preparation, and whether the household incurred the death of an adult member in the past three years. These modifying factors, as well as variations in input and output prices due to proximity to roads and markets, substantially affected the profitability of fertilizer use on maize. Fertilizer use on maize tended to be unprofitable at full commercial fertilizer prices for farmers who received fertilizer late and who were located in relatively remote areas.
title: „Ein Asyl für alle Confessionen und Nationen“. Sprache und Schulwesen in der Bukowina im späten 18. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Stimmer, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2020

description: In: Daniela Haarmann / Konrad Petrovszky (eds.), Language and Society in 18th Century South Eastern Europe / Sprache und Gesellschaft in Südosteuropa im 18. Jahrhundert, Yearbook of the Society for 18th Century Studies on South Eastern Europe 3 (2020), 128–140.
A Chandra observation of the z=2.285 galaxy FSC10214+4724: Evidence for a Compton-thick quasar?
Creators: name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Chartas, G.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Simpson, C.
name: Vignali, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a ~20 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the strongly lensed z=2.285 ultra-luminous infrared galaxy FSC10214+4724. Although this observation achieves the equivalent sensitivity of an up-to ~4 Ms Chandra exposure (when corrected for gravitational lensing), the rest-frame 1.6-26.3 keV emission from FSC10214+4724 is weak (L_X~2E42 erg/s for a lensing boost of ~100); a significant fraction of this X-ray emission appears to be due to vigorous star-formation activity. If FSC10214+4724 hosts a quasar, as previously suggested, then it must be obscured by Compton-thick material. We compare FSC10214+4724 to high-redshift SCUBA galaxies and discuss the X-ray identification of Compton-thick AGNs at high redshift.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; MNRAS letters, in press
Safe Driving poster
Creators: name: Araoz Morales Fernando Enrique
name: Quiña Mamani, Marco Antonio
name: Usca Huamani, Lenin Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster del juego desarrollado para el curso de Introduccion al Desarrollo de Software de Entretenimiento de la UNSA. https://araozu.itch.io/taxi-and-bus-game
Efficient local energy evaluation for multi-Slater wave functions in orbital space quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Mahajan, Ankit
name: Sharma, Sandeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in selected configuration interaction methods have led to increased interest in using multi-Slater trial wave functions in various quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Here we present an algorithm for calculating the local energy of a multi-Slater wave function in orbital space QMC. For an ab initio Hamiltonian, our algorithm has a cost scaling of $O(n^5 + n_c)$, as opposed to the $O(n^4n_c)$ scaling of existing orbital space algorithms, where $n$ is the system size, and $n_c$ is the number of configurations in the wave function. We present our method using variational Monte Carlo calculations with the Jastrow multi-Slater wave function, although the formalism should be applicable for auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo. We apply it to polyacetylene and demonstrate the possibility of using a much larger number of configurations than possible using existing methods.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The optical/NIR counterpart of the INTEGRAL obscured source IGR J16318-4848 : a sgB[e] in a HMXB ?
Creators: name: Filliatre, P.
name: Chaty, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray source IGR J16318-4848 was the first source discovered by INTEGRAL. The high energy spectrum exhibits such a high column density that the source is undetectable in X-rays below 2 keV. We used the NTT telescope of ESO to obtain optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations. We confirm the already proposed NIR counterpart and for the first time extended detection into optical. We report here photometric measurements in the R, I, J, bands, upper flux limits in the Bb and V bands, lower flux limits in the H and Ks bands. We also obtain NIR spectroscopy, revealing a large number of emission lines, including forbidden iron lines and P-Cygni profiles, and showing a strong similarity with CI Cam, another strongly absorbed source. These data point to a high luminosity, high temperature source, with an intrinsic optical-NIR absorption greater than the interstellar absorption, but two orders of magnitude below the X-ray absorption. We propose that the source is a High Mass X-ray binary (HMXB) at a distance between 0.9 and 6.2 kpc, the optical/NIR counterpart corresponds to the mass donor, which is an early-type star, maybe a sgB[e] star, surrounded by a dense and absorbing circumstellar material. This would make the second HMXB with a sgB[e] star as the mass donor after CI Cam. Such sources may represent a different evolutionary state of X-ray binaries previously undetected with the lower energy space telescopes ; if it is so, a new class of strongly absorbed X-ray binaries is being unveiled by INTEGRAL.
description: 42 pages, 12 figures, accepted in Ap. J