cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OIG and Sarg CCD's characterization
Creators: name: Scuderi, S.
name: Bonanno, G.
name: Bruno, P.
name: Cali, A.
name: Cosentino, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CCDs characterization is the preliminary step to perform before the CCD can be properly used at the telescope. Most of the scientific instrumentation at the Italian National Telescope Galileo use CCDs as detectors. In particular the optical imager (OIG) and the high resolution spectrograph (SARG) use a mosaic of two 2k X 4k CCD manufactured by EEV (EEV 4280). The technical characteristics of the EEV4280 can be found in Cosentino et al (these proceedings).
description: 6 pages
Quantum Circuits for Isometries
Creators: name: Iten, Raban
name: Colbeck, Roger
name: Kukuljan, Ivan
name: Home, Jonathan
name: Christandl, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the decomposition of arbitrary isometries into a sequence of single-qubit and Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates. In many experimental architectures, the C-NOT gate is relatively 'expensive' and hence we aim to keep the number of these as low as possible. We derive a theoretical lower bound on the number of C-NOT gates required to decompose an arbitrary isometry from m to n qubits, and give three explicit gate decompositions that achieve this bound up to a factor of about two in the leading order. We also perform some bespoke optimizations for certain cases where m and n are small. In addition, we show how to apply our result for isometries to give decomposition schemes for arbitrary quantum operations and POVMs via Stinespring's theorem. These results will have an impact on experimental efforts to build a quantum computer, enabling them to go further with the same resources.
description: 10+11 pages, 4 tables, many circuits, v2: a new decomposition has been added, v3: minor changes, v4: small correction to the counts in Theorem 1, and updated numbering to match journal version. The decompositions in this work have now been implemented (see arXiv:1904.01072)
Nephthea sp. inhibits biofilm, DNA gyrase, HSP90, and DHFR: in vitro, in silico, and pharmacokinetics studies
Creators: name: Hassan, Nevine H.
name: El-Hawary, Seham S.
name: Emam, Mahmoud
name: Safwat, Nesreen A.
name: Rabeh, Mohamed A.
name: Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan
name: Selim, Nabil M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study attempts to identify and assess a novel marine-derived antibiofilm agent. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions from the crude extract of soft coral Nephthea sp. was evaluated against six microorganisms.Ethyl acetate fraction considered the most effective one against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida, investigated potential biofilm inhibition against the tested strains. Seventeen secondary metabolites were identified using (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) responsible for these biological activities of the active fraction. Additionally, a molecular docking study showed free binding energy of −7.5 kcal/mol; Azamial A had the highest binding affinity for the DNA gyrase enzyme, while Sinularectin had −8.3 and −7.6 kcal/mol for the DHFR and HSP90 enzymes, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetics and (ADME) studies for Azamial A and Sinularectin were performed. Finally, results were confirmed by the in vitro enzymatic inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction suggested in the in-silico study.
Expression of Haemophilus ducreyi Collagen Binding Outer Membrane Protein NcaA Is Required for Virulence in Swine and Human Challenge Models of Chancroid
Creators: name: Katz, B. P.
name: Cole, L. E.
name: Orndorff, P. E.
name: Kawula, T. H.
name: Fulcher, R. A.
name: Spinola, S. M.
name: Fortney, K. R.
name: Toffer, K. L.
name: Janowicz, D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid, has been shown to associate with dermal collagen fibers within infected skin lesions. Here we describe NcaA, a previously uncharacterized outer membrane protein that is important for H. ducreyi collagen binding and host colonization. An H. ducreyi strain lacking the ncaA gene was impaired in adherence to type I collagen but not fibronectin (plasma or cellular form) or heparin. The mutation had no effect on serum resistance or binding to HaCaT keratinocytes or human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. Escherichia coli expressing H. ducreyi NcaA bound to type I collagen, demonstrating that NcaA is sufficient to confer collagen attachment. The importance of NcaA in H. ducreyi pathogenesis was assessed using both swine and human experimental models of chancroid. In the swine model, 20% of lesions from sites inoculated with the ncaA mutant were culture positive for H. ducreyi 7 days after inoculation, compared to 73% of wild-type-inoculated sites. The average number of CFU recovered from mutant-inoculated lesions was also significantly reduced compared to that recovered from wild-type-inoculated sites at both 2 and 7 days after inoculation. In the human challenge model, 8 of 30 sites inoculated with wild-type H. ducreyi progressed to the pustular stage, compared to 0 of 30 sites inoculated with the ncaA mutant. Together these results demonstrate that the collagen binding protein NcaA is required for H. ducreyi infection.
High-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the envelope of slowly modulated gravity waves on the surface of finite-depth fluid and its quasi-soliton solutions
Creators: name: Gandzha, I. S.
name: Sedletsky, Yu. V.
name: Dutykh, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation derived earlier by Sedletsky [Ukr. J. Phys. 48(1), 82 (2003)] for the first-harmonic envelope of slowly modulated gravity waves on the surface of finite-depth irrotational, inviscid, and incompressible fluid with flat bottom. This equation takes into account the third-order dispersion and cubic nonlinear dispersive terms. We rewrite this equation in dimensionless form featuring only one dimensionless parameter $kh$, where $k$ is the carrier wavenumber and $h$ is the undisturbed fluid depth. We show that one-soliton solutions of the classical nonlinear Schrödinger equation are transformed into quasi-soliton solutions with slowly varying amplitude when the high-order terms are taken into consideration. These quasi-soliton solutions represent the secondary modulations of gravity waves.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, 73 references and 4 appendices. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/ PACS: 47.35.Bb
Ceramide levels in blood plasma correlate with major depressive disorder severity and its neutralization abrogates depressive behavior in mice
Creators: name: Schumacher, Fabian
name: Edwards, Michael J.
name: Mühle, Christiane
name: Carpinteiro, Alexander
name: Wilson, Greg C.
name: Wilker, Barbara
name: Soddemann, Matthias
name: Keitsch, Simone
name: Scherbaum, Norbert
name: Kleuser, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: major depression
subject: ceramide
subject: endothelial cells
subject: PLD
subject: phosphatidic acid
subject: behavior
subject: neurogenesis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe disease of unknown pathogenesis that will affect ∼10% of people during their lifetime. Therapy for MDD requires prolonged treatment and often fails, predicating a need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report increased ceramide levels in the blood plasma of MDD patients and in murine stress-induced models of MDD. These blood plasma ceramide levels correlated with the severity of MDD in human patients and were independent of age, sex, or body mass index. In addition, intravenous injection of anti-ceramide antibodies or neutral ceramidase rapidly abrogated stress-induced MDD, and intravenous injection of blood plasma from mice with MDD induced depression-like behavior in untreated mice, which was abrogated by ex vivo preincubation of the plasma with anti-ceramide antibodies or ceramidase. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ceramide accumulated in endothelial cells of the hippocampus of stressed mice, evidenced by the quantitative measurement of ceramide in purified hippocampus endothelial cells. We found ceramide inhibited the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) in endothelial cells in vitro and in the hippocampus in vivo and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus. Finally, we show intravenous injection of PLD or phosphatidic acid abrogated MDD, indicating the significance of this pathway in MDD pathogenesis. Our data indicate that ceramide controls PLD activity and phosphatidic acid formation in hippocampal endothelial cells and thereby mediates MDD. We propose that neutralization of plasma ceramide could represent a rapid-acting targeted treatment for MDD.
Characterizing the Google Books corpus: Strong limits to inferences of socio-cultural and linguistic evolution
Creators: name: Pechenick, Eitan Adam
name: Danforth, Christopher M.
name: Dodds, Peter Sheridan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is tempting to treat frequency trends from the Google Books data sets as indicators of the "true" popularity of various words and phrases. Doing so allows us to draw quantitatively strong conclusions about the evolution of cultural perception of a given topic, such as time or gender. However, the Google Books corpus suffers from a number of limitations which make it an obscure mask of cultural popularity. A primary issue is that the corpus is in effect a library, containing one of each book. A single, prolific author is thereby able to noticeably insert new phrases into the Google Books lexicon, whether the author is widely read or not. With this understood, the Google Books corpus remains an important data set to be considered more lexicon-like than text-like. Here, we show that a distinct problematic feature arises from the inclusion of scientific texts, which have become an increasingly substantive portion of the corpus throughout the 1900s. The result is a surge of phrases typical to academic articles but less common in general, such as references to time in the form of citations. We highlight these dynamics by examining and comparing major contributions to the statistical divergence of English data sets between decades in the period 1800--2000. We find that only the English Fiction data set from the second version of the corpus is not heavily affected by professional texts, in clear contrast to the first version of the fiction data set and both unfiltered English data sets. Our findings emphasize the need to fully characterize the dynamics of the Google Books corpus before using these data sets to draw broad conclusions about cultural and linguistic evolution.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
Cross-temporal coherent forecasts for Australian tourism
Creators: name: Kourentzes, Nikolaos
name: Athanasopoulos, George
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Key to ensuring a successful tourism sector is timely policy making and detailed planning. National policy formulation and strategic planning requires long-term forecasts at an aggregate level, while regional operational decisions require short-term forecasts, relevant to local tourism operators. For aligned decisions at all levels, supporting forecasts must be `coherent', that is they should add up appropriately, across relevant demarcations (e.g., geographical divisions or market segments) and also across time. We propose an approach for generating coherent forecasts across both cross-sections and planning horizons for Australia. This results in significant improvements in forecast accuracy with substantial decision making benefits. Coherent forecasts help break intra- and inter-organisational information and planning silos, in a data driven fashion, blending information from different sources.
Immunization with the Haemophilus ducreyi Hemoglobin Receptor HgbA Protects against Infection in the Swine Model of Chancroid
Creators: name: Leduc, I.
name: Almond, G.
name: Hobbs, M.
name: Routh, P.
name: Afonina, G.
name: Elkins, C.
name: Jeter, C.
name: Nepluev, I.
name: Orndorff, P. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The etiologic agent of chancroid is Haemophilus ducreyi. To fulfill its obligate requirement for heme, H. ducreyi uses two TonB-dependent receptors: the hemoglobin receptor (HgbA) and a receptor for free heme (TdhA). Expression of HgbA is necessary for H. ducreyi to survive and initiate disease in a human model of chancroid. In this study, we used a swine model of H. ducreyi infection to demonstrate that an experimental HgbA vaccine efficiently prevents chancroid, as determined by several parameters. Histological sections of immunized animals lacked typical microscopic features of chancroid. All inoculated sites from mock-immunized pigs yielded viable H. ducreyi cells, whereas no viable H. ducreyi cells were recovered from inoculated sites of HgbA-immunized pigs. Antibodies from sera of HgbA-immunized animals bound to and initiated antibody-dependent bactericidal activity against homologous H. ducreyi strain 35000HP and heterologous strain CIP542 ATCC; however, an isogenic hgbA mutant of 35000HP was not killed, proving specificity. Anti-HgbA immunoglobulin G blocked hemoglobin binding to the HgbA receptor, suggesting a novel mechanism of protection through the limitation of heme/iron acquisition by H. ducreyi. Such a vaccine strategy might be applied to other bacterial pathogens with strict heme/iron requirements. Taken together, these data suggest continuing the development of an HgbA subunit vaccine to prevent chancroid.
Impact ionization dust detection with compact, hollow and fluffy dust analogs
Creators: name: Hunziker, S.
name: Moragas-Klostermeyer, G.
name: Hillier, Jon K.
name: Fielding, L. A.
name: Hornung, K.
name: Lovett, J. R.
name: Armes, S. P.
name: Fontanese, J.
name: James, D.
name: Hsu, H. W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmic dust
subject: Impact ionization
subject: High-velocity dust impacts
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Impact ionization of high-velocity cosmic dust particles has been used as a basic principle for dust detectors in space for many decades. It has provided optimum means to gain insight into the dust environment in the solar system. The Ulysses Dust Detector System provided for the first time impact ionization-based detection of interstellar dust (ISD) in the solar system and discovered surprisingly heavy ISD particles with sizes up to a few microns. Studies based on astronomical observations of the local interstellar medium, on the other hand, suggested a much smaller upper limit of around 0.25 ​μm (silica) or 1 ​μm (graphite) for the size distribution of ISD particles. Therefore, it has been suggested that low-density fluffy dust particles may mimic the impact signals of heavier compact particles. In this work, we discuss a series of impact experiments that have been performed at the Heidelberg dust accelerator facility with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer flight spare unit, to compare the high-velocity impact ionization properties of compact and hollow silicate particles, and carbon aerogel particles with each other and with literature data. The experiments indicate differences in the collected total amount of impact charges and how quickly the charges are collected, between impacts from compact particles and their non-compact counterparts. The results of this first study suggest that fluffy particles generate less ions upon impact than their compact counterparts, opposite to the suggested explanation for the heavy ISD particles. Data from the performed impact experiments indicate that a secondary process (e.g. secondary impacts from ejecta or more target material ionization) could be the main cause for the observed differences. These results imply that the previously detected heavy ISD particles may be real. We identify the key problems with the performed dust experiments and advise that future impact ionization instruments should additionally be calibrated with improved low-density fluffy dust particles that better represent the properties of cosmic dust particles.
The SecA2 Secretion Factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes Growth in Macrophages and Inhibits the Host Immune Response
Creators: name: Braunstein, M.
name: Runge, M. S.
name: Ting, J. P.-Y.
name: McKinnon, K. P.
name: Kurtz, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The SecA protein is present in all bacteria, and it is a central component of the general Sec-dependent protein export pathway. An unusual property of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the presence of two SecA proteins: SecA1, the essential “housekeeping” SecA, and SecA2, the accessory secretion factor. Here, we report that a ΔsecA2 mutant of M. tuberculosis was defective for growth in the early stages of low-dose aerosol infection of C57BL/6 mice, a time during which the bacillus is primarily replicating in macrophages. Consistent with this in vivo phenotype, we found that the ΔsecA2 mutant was defective for growth in macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. The ΔsecA2 mutant was also attenuated for growth in macrophages from phox−/− mice and from NOS2−/− mice. These mice are defective in the reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI)-generating phagocyte oxidase and the reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI)-generating inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. This indicated a role for SecA2 in the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis that is independent of protecting against these ROIs or RNIs. Macrophages infected with the ΔsecA2 mutant produced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, RNI, and gamma interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class II. This demonstrated a function for M. tuberculosis SecA2 in suppressing macrophage immune responses, which could explain the role of SecA2 in intracellular growth. Our results provide another example of a relationship between M. tuberculosis virulence and inhibition of the host immune response.
title: Australia's Seabed: How much is mapped? A metadata-based indicative assessment.
Creators: name: N., Lennard
name: Geoscience Australia
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: AusSeabed National Seabed Mapping Plan
subject: Bathymetry
subject: AusSeabed
subject: Marine
subject: Geomorphology and earth surface processes
subject: Published_External

description: Australia has a vast marine jurisdiction and a thriving ocean economy, but our ocean faces increasingly complex pressures. Advancing our ocean knowledge is key to unlocking a sustainable ocean future. Seabed maps are an essential source of baseline information to inform the conservation, restoration, sustainable use, and management of our oceans.
The goal is to map the shape of Australia’s seabed in sufficient detail to inform the sustainable management and use of marine resources. But knowing how much of the seabed is “mapped” and what is “sufficient” are far from simple. Seabed (bathymetry) data is available from multiple sources, is collected using different techniques of variable quality, is stored in disparate formats and locations, and what is considered sufficient varies depending on the application. As a result, Australia’s progress in mapping its seabed cannot be determined simply from data coverage.
This fact sheet defines the term “mapped in sufficient detail”, provides an up-to-date assessment of the proportion of seabed mapped in Australia, and lays the foundation for reporting future progress.
As of August 2024, using this methodology, 35.2% of Australia’s marine jurisdiction has been mapped in sufficient detail, with more of the seabed mapped around mainland Australia and external territories than in the Australian Antarctic Territory’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Geoscience Australia will continue working with the seabed mapping community to include new and legacy data in the coverage dataset and will continue to track and report on Australia’s progress in mapping the seabed across its marine jurisdiction.
Francisella tularensis Replicates within Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo following Inhalation
Creators: name: Fuller, J. R.
name: Kawula, T. H.
name: Pickles, R. J.
name: Craven, R. R.
name: Hall, J. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Francisella tularensis replicates in macrophages and dendritic cells, but interactions with other cell types have not been well described. F. tularensis LVS invaded and replicated within alveolar epithelial cell lines. Following intranasal inoculation of C57BL/6 mice, Francisella localized to the alveolus and replicated within alveolar type II epithelial cells.
Genome-Wide Identification of Francisella tularensis Virulence Determinants
Creators: name: Zhang, J.-R.
name: Yang, J.
name: Banas, J. A.
name: Zhao, D.
name: Su, J.
name: Kawula, T. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in humans and has potential for use as a biological weapon. The genetic basis of the F. tularensis virulence is poorly understood. This study screened a total of 3,936 transposon mutants of the live vaccine strain for infection in a mouse model of respiratory tularemia by signature-tagged mutagenesis. We identified 341 mutants attenuated for infection in the lungs. The transposon disruptions were mapped to 95 different genes, virtually all of which are also present in the genomes of other F. tularensis strains, including human pathogenic F. tularensis strain Schu S4. A small subset of these attenuated mutants carried insertions in the genes encoding previously known virulence factors, but the majority of the identified genes have not been previously linked to F. tularensis virulence. Among these are genes encoding putative membrane proteins, proteins associated with stress responses, metabolic proteins, transporter proteins, and proteins with unknown functions. Several attenuated mutants contained disruptions in a putative capsule locus which partially resembles the poly-γ-glutamate capsule biosynthesis locus of Bacillus anthracis, the anthrax agent. Deletional mutation analysis confirmed that this locus is essential for F. tularensis virulence.
Ayurveda-based phytochemical composition attenuates lung inflammation and precipitates pharmacokinetic interaction with favipiravir: an in vivo investigation using disease-state of acute lung injury
Creators: name: Gour, Abhishek
name: Dogra, Ashish
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
name: Bhardwaj, Mahir
name: Kour, Dilpreet
name: Jamwal, Ashiya
name: Gorain, Bapi
name: Kumar, Mukesh
name: Vij, Bhavna
name: Kumar, Ajay
name: Nandi, Utpal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical form of acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we investigated the effect of a defined combination of ten pure phytochemicals in equal proportions of weight (NPM) from plants, recommended by Ayurveda for any protective action against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Results indicate that NPM markedly improved protein and neutrophil contents, myeloperoxidase and hydroxyproline levels, oxidative stress markers (glutathione and malonaldehyde), inflammatory cytokines, and genes (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and NF-κB/IκBα) in BALF/lung tissue. The histopathological examination of the lung revealed the shielding effect of NPM against ALI. NPM exhibited a protective effect on the lung by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. A substantial drop in favipiravir’s oral exposure was observed in ALI-state compared to normal-state, but oral exposure upon NPM treatment in ALI-state followed similar behaviour of favipiravir alike normal-state without NPM treatment. Overall, results offer potential insight into Ayurvedic recommendations for immunity boosting during ALI situations.
Tigecycline Soft Tissue Penetration in Obese and Non-obese Surgical Patients Determined by Using In Vivo Microdialysis
Creators: name: Dorn, Christoph
name: Petroff, David
name: Kratzer, Alexander
name: Kees, Frieder
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Zeitlinger, Markus
name: Wrigge, Hermann
name: Simon, Philipp
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Tigecycline
subject: pharmacokinetics
subject: antibiotic’s effectiveness
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background and Objective Tigecycline, a broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic, is approved for use at a fixed dose irrespective of body weight. However, its pharmacokinetics may be altered in obesity, which would impact on the antibiotic’s effectiveness. The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma and subcutaneous tissue concentrations of tigecycline in obese patients compared with those in a non-obese control group. Methods Fifteen obese patients (one class II and 14 class III) undergoing bariatric surgery and 15 non-obese patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery (mainly tumour resection) received a single dose of 50 or 100 mg tigecycline as an intravenous short infusion. Tigecycline concentrations were measured up to 8 h after dosing in plasma (total concentration), in ultrafiltrate of plasma (free concentration), and in microdialysate from subcutaneous tissue, respectively. Results In obese patients, total peak plasma concentration (1.31 ± 0.50 vs 2.27 ± 1.40 mg/L) and the area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC8h,plasma: 2.15 ± 0.42 vs 2.74 ± 0.73 h⋅mg/L), as normalized to a 100 mg dose, were significantly lower compared with those of non-obese patients. No significant differences were observed regarding the free plasma concentration, as determined by ultrafiltration, or the corresponding AUC8h (fAUC8h,plasma). Concentrations in interstitial fluid (ISF) of subcutaneous tissue were lower than the free plasma concentrations in both groups, and they were lower in obese compared to non-obese patients: the AUC8h in ISF (AUC8h,ISF) was 0.51 ± 0.22 h⋅mg/L in obese and 0.79 ± 0.23 h⋅mg/L in non-obese patients, resulting in a relative tissue drug exposure (AUC8h,ISF/fAUC8h,plasma) of 0.38 ± 0.19 and 0.63 ± 0.24, respectively. Conclusion Following a single dose of tigecycline, concentrations in the ISF of subcutaneous adipose tissue are decreased in heavily obese subjects, calling for an increased loading dose.
Scalable quantum computation architecture using always-on Ising interactions via quantum feedforward
Creators: name: Satoh, Takahiko
name: Matsuzaki, Yuichiro
name: Kakuyanagi, Kosuke
name: Munro, William J.
name: Semba, Koichi
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroshi
name: Saito, Shiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we propose a way to control the interaction between qubits with always-on Ising interaction. Unlike the standard method to change the interaction strength with unitary operations, we fully make use of non-unitary properties of projective measurements so that we can effectively turn the interaction on or off via feedforward. Our scheme is useful to generate two- or three-dimensional cluster states that are universal resources for fault-tolerant quantum computation with this scheme, and it provides an alternative way to realize a scalable quantum pro
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Important role of stratospheric injection height for the distribution and radiative forcing of smoke aerosol from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires
Creators: name: Heinold, Bernd
name: Baars, Holger
name: Barja, Boris
name: Christensen, Matthew
name: Kubin, Anne
name: Kubin, Anne
name: Schepanski, Kerstin
name: Schutgens, Nick
name: Senf, Fabian
name: Schrödner, Roland
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Australian wildfires
subject: smoke aerosol
subject: stratospheric injection height
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: More than 1 Tg smoke aerosol was emitted into the atmosphere by the exceptional 2019–2020 southeastern Australian wildfires. Triggered by the extreme fire heat, several deep pyroconvective events carried the smoke directly into the stratosphere. Once there, smoke aerosol remained airborne considerably longer than in lower atmospheric layers. The thick plumes traveled eastward, thereby being distributed across the high and mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, enhancing the atmospheric opacity. Due to the increased atmospheric lifetime of the smoke plume, its radiative effect increased compared to smoke that remains in lower altitudes. Global models describing aerosol-climate impacts lack adequate descriptions of the emission height of aerosols from intense wildfires. Here, we demonstrate, by a combination of aerosol-climate modeling and lidar observations, the importance of the representation of those high-altitude fire smoke layers for estimating the atmospheric energy budget. Through observation-based input into the simulations, the Australian wildfire emissions by pyroconvection are explicitly prescribed to the lower stratosphere in different scenarios. Based on our simulations, the 2019–2020 Australian fires caused a significant top-of-atmosphere (TOA) hemispheric instantaneous direct radiative forcing signal that reached a magnitude comparable to the radiative forcing induced by anthropogenic absorbing aerosol. Up to +0.50 W m−2 instantaneous direct radiative forcing was modeled at TOA, averaged for the Southern Hemisphere (+0.25 W m−2 globally) from January to March 2020 under all-sky conditions. At the surface, on the other hand, an instantaneous solar radiative forcing of up to −0.81 W m−2 was found for clear-sky conditions, with the respective estimates depending on the model configuration and subject to the model uncertainties in the smoke optical properties. Since extreme wildfires are expected to occur more frequently in the rapidly changing climate, our findings suggest that high-altitude wildfire plumes must be adequately considered in climate projections in order to obtain reasonable estimates of atmospheric energy budget changes.
The commissioning phase
Creators: name: Bortoletto, F.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Bonanno, G.
name: Bonoli, C.
name: Bruno, P.
name: Carmona, C.
name: Conconi, P.
name: Corcione, L.
name: Cosentino, R.
name: D'Alessandro, M.
name: Dominguez, R.
name: Fantinel, D.
name: Galli, A.
name: Gardiol, D.
name: Ghedina, A.
name: Ghinassi, F.
name: Giro, E.
name: Gonzales, C.
name: Gonzalez, NI.
name: Guerra, J.
name: Magazzù, A.
name: Mancini, D.
name: Marchetti, E.
name: Medina, J.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Paulli, F.
name: Pernechele, C.
name: Pucillo, M.
name: Ragazzoni, R.
name: Riverol, C.
name: Riverol, L.
name: Schipani, P.
name: Smareglia, R.
name: Tessicini, G.
name: Trancho, G.
name: Vuerli, C.
name: Zacchei, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In May 1997 a consistent part of the services and structures committed to the industry had already been released to the commissioning group. The telescope itself was, with the exception of the Nasmyth derotators, motors and all the optics groups, basically ready in its mechanical parts to accept the integration of all services and control equipment. Also the verification of the cabling (interlocks, data-nets, power and controls) already mounted was started in the same period. Starting from June 1998 (telescope first-light date) the telescope went gradually in use, several nights per week, in order to test and tune the tracking and pointing system, the optics and the first derotator system (Nasmyth A station). At the end of the commissioning period and with the first scientific instruments mounted (April 1999) also the first routinely observations started. In this moment the telescope is doing astronomy 80% of time and the complete first-light instrumentation is mounted.
description: 14 pages
Dual Policy Learning for Aggregation Optimization in Graph Neural Network-based Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Jung, Heesoo
name: Kim, Sangpil
name: Park, Hogun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide powerful representations for recommendation tasks. GNN-based recommendation systems capture the complex high-order connectivity between users and items by aggregating information from distant neighbors and can improve the performance of recommender systems. Recently, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have also been incorporated into the user-item interaction graph to provide more abundant contextual information; they are exploited to address cold-start problems and enable more explainable aggregation in GNN-based recommender systems (GNN-Rs). However, due to the heterogeneous nature of users and items, developing an effective aggregation strategy that works across multiple GNN-Rs, such as LightGCN and KGAT, remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning-based message passing framework for recommender systems, which we call DPAO (Dual Policy framework for Aggregation Optimization). This framework adaptively determines high-order connectivity to aggregate users and items using dual policy learning. Dual policy learning leverages two Deep-Q-Network models to exploit the user- and item-aware feedback from a GNN-R and boost the performance of the target GNN-R. Our proposed framework was evaluated with both non-KG-based and KG-based GNN-R models on six real-world datasets, and their results show that our proposed framework significantly enhances the recent base model, improving nDCG and Recall by up to 63.7% and 42.9%, respectively. Our implementation code is available at https://github.com/steve30572/DPAO/.
description: Accepted by the Web Conference 2023
Identification of the Gene Encoding the FhbB Protein of Treponema denticola, a Highly Unique Factor H-Like Protein 1 Binding Protein
Creators: name: Marconi, R. T.
name: Frederick, J.
name: Stamm, L.
name: McDowell, J. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The gene encoding the Treponema denticola factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) binding protein, FhbB, was recovered and characterized. Sequence conservation, expression, and properties of FhbB were analyzed. The identification of FhbB represents an important step in understanding the contribution of FHL-1 binding in T. denticola pathogenesis and in development of periodontal disease.
Wild and even points in global function fields
Creators: name: Czogała, A.
name: Koprowski, P.
name: Rothkegel, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11E12, Secondary 11E81, 11G20, 14H05

description: We develop a criterion for a point of global function field to be a unique wild point of some self-equivalence of this field. We show that this happens if and only if the class of the point in the Picard group of the field is $2$-divisible. Moreover, given a finite set of points, whose classes are $2$-divisible in the Picard group, we show that there is always a self-equivalence of the field for which this is precisely the set of wild points. Unfortunately, for more than one point this condition is no longer a necessary one.
description: Updated version coherent in with the published one
Sub-stellar companions of intermediate-mass stars with CoRoT: CoRoT–34b, CoRoT–35b, and CoRoT–36b
Creators: name: Sebastian, D.
name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Dorsch, M.
name: Heber, U.
name: Heuser, C.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Grziwa, S.
name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: photometric techniques
subject: radial velocities techniques
subject: early-type stars
subject: stars statistics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Theories of planet formation give contradicting results of how frequent close-in giant planets of intermediate mass stars (IMSs; 1.3≤M⋆≤3.2M⊙⁠) are. Some theories predict a high rate of IMSs with close-in gas giants, while others predict a very low rate. Thus, determining the frequency of close-in giant planets of IMSs is an important test for theories of planet formation. We use the CoRoT survey to determine the absolute frequency of IMSs that harbour at least one close-in giant planet and compare it to that of solar-like stars. The CoRoT transit survey is ideal for this purpose, because of its completeness for gas-giant planets with orbital periods of less than 10 d and its large sample of main-sequence IMSs. We present a high precision radial velocity follow-up programme and conclude on 17 promising transit candidates of IMSs, observed with CoRoT. We report the detection of CoRoT–34b, a brown dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit, orbiting a 1.1 Gyr A-type main-sequence star. We also confirm two inflated giant planets, CoRoT–35b, part of a possible planetary system around a metal-poor star, and CoRoT–36b on a misaligned orbit. We find that 0.12±0.10 per cent of IMSs between 1.3≤M⋆≤1.6M⊙ observed by CoRoT do harbour at least one close-in giant planet. This is significantly lower than the frequency (⁠0.70±0.16 per cent⁠) for solar-mass stars, as well as the frequency of IMSs harbouring long-period planets (⁠∼8 per cent⁠).
Infection of Mice with Lyme Disease Spirochetes Constitutively Producing Outer Surface Proteins A and B
Creators: name: Hodzic, E.
name: de Silva, A. M.
name: Barthold, S. W.
name: Strother, K. O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Outer surface protein A (OspA) of the Lyme disease spirochete is primarily produced in the tick vector. OspA, which is a receptor for attaching spirochetes to the tick gut, is down regulated as the spirochetes leave the tick and enter the mammalian host. Although OspA is not a major antigen produced in the mammal, the protein appears to be produced under some conditions and production has been linked to more severe disease. A Lyme disease vaccine based on recombinant OspA has been approved for human use. However, the vaccine is no longer available, in part because of fears that OspA causes arthritis in people. To further understand the consequences of OspA production in the host, we created a Borrelia burgdorferi mutant that was unable to down regulate OspA. C3H/HeN mice infected with this mutant developed a specific anti-OspA immune response, and the spirochetes were unable to persist in these mice. In contrast, immunodeficient SCID mice were persistently infected with the mutant. We conclude that spirochetes producing OspA and B from the flaB promoter in immunocompetent mice stimulate an immune response that clear the bacteria without any signs of disease development in the mice.
Best Freelancer Content Writer in Delhi
Creators: name: Contentwriter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Freelance Content Writer, Freelancer Content Writer, Hire Freelance Content Writer, Freelance Content Writer in Delhi

description: Work from home to generate revenue. Make more money as a freelance content writer with our assistance. Due to India's growing need for their services, all important enterprises there are now recruiting freelancers. Various types of freelance content producers exist, including ghostwriters, lifestyle writers, travel writers, and freelance medical writers.
Anatoluin A and B isolated from medicinal Tricholoma anatolicum are new cytotoxic ergostanoids against the most common cancers
Creators: name: Kaplaner, Erhan
name: Aydoğmuş-Öztürk, Fatma
name: Öztürk, Mehmet
name: Akata, Ilgaz
name: Duru, Mehmet Emin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Tricholoma anatolicum is an edible mushroom from the matsutake group growing under Cedar trees. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Tricholoma anatolicum afforded two new (1 and 2), three known ergosterols (3–6), and four known (6–9) compounds. Structures were identified as anatoluin A (1), anatoluin B (2), 5α,6α-epoxy-ergosta-7,22-dien,3β-ol (3), ergosterol-endoperoxide (4), ergosterol,3β-ol (5), 3,5-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (6), mannitol (7), turanose (8), fumaric acid (9) using spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxic activity of extract and isolated compounds was performed using MTT assay against MCF7, HT29, H1299, and HeLa cancerous cell lines while toxicity against PDF and L929 fibroblast healthy cell lines. The lipid peroxidation inhibitory and ABTS•+ scavenging activities were used to determine antioxidant activity. The polar extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. The more perfect is that the extracts and isolated compounds (1–5) were inactive against PDF and L929 healthy cell lines. Compounds 1–3 and 4 exhibited noticeable cytotoxic activity, while 1–5 moderately inhibited lipid peroxidation.
Chr21 protein–protein interactions: enrichment in proteins involved in intellectual disability, autism, and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Viard, Julia
name: Loe-Mie, Yann
name: Daudin, Rachel
name: Khelfaoui, Malik
name: Plancon, Christine
name: Boland, Anne
name: Tejedor, Francisco
name: Huganir, Richard L.
name: Kim, Eunjoon
name: Haucke, Volker
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: protein interactions
subject: enrichment
subject: disease
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Down syndrome (DS) is caused by human chromosome 21 (HSA21) trisomy. It is characterized by a poorly understood intellectual disability (ID). We studied two mouse models of DS, one with an extra copy of the Dyrk1A gene (189N3) and the other with an extra copy of the mouse Chr16 syntenic region (Dp(16)1Yey). RNA-seq analysis of the transcripts deregulated in the embryonic hippocampus revealed an enrichment in genes associated with chromatin for the 189N3 model, and synapses for the Dp(16)1Yey model. A large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen (82 different screens, including 72 HSA21 baits and 10 rebounds) of a human brain library containing at least 107 independent fragments identified 1,949 novel protein–protein interactions. The direct interactors of HSA21 baits and rebounds were significantly enriched in ID-related genes (P-value < 2.29 × 10−8). Proximity ligation assays showed that some of the proteins encoded by HSA21 were located at the dendritic spine postsynaptic density, in a protein network at the dendritic spine postsynapse. We located HSA21 DYRK1A and DSCAM, mutations of which increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 20-fold, in this postsynaptic network. We found that an intracellular domain of DSCAM bound either DLGs, which are multimeric scaffolds comprising receptors, ion channels and associated signaling proteins, or DYRK1A. The DYRK1A-DSCAM interaction domain is conserved in Drosophila and humans. The postsynaptic network was found to be enriched in proteins associated with ARC-related synaptic plasticity, ASD, and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. These results highlight links between DS and brain diseases with a complex genetic basis.
Probing Majorana bound states through an inhomogeneous Andreev double dot interferometer
Creators: name: Aksenov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In modern experiments with hybrid superconducting (SC)/semiconducting nanowires the presence of zero-energy Andreev bound states (ABSs), characterized by a partial overlap of the Majorana wave functions, is a common problem that significantly complicates the detection of a genuine Majorana bound state (MBS). In this article, taking into account spatial inhomogeneity of experimentally investigated nanowire samples, we study interference transport features of a curved heterostructure in which two normal wires (or arms) are separated by a superconducting wire. Since Andreev reflection on the two N/S interfaces with smoothly changing electrostatic and SC pairing potentials results in the emergence of bound states, the low-energy interference transport is described in the framework of the model of two noninteracting Andreev levels or the Andreev double quantum dot. A set of limiting cases is analyzed allowing us to highlight the interference properties that are unique for the different types of ABSs, such as bulk ABS, inhomogeneous ABS and MBS. In particular, considerable attention is paid to the features of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect. It is shown that the response of each state can be recognized analyzing both AB period and extrema positions of the conductance oscillations which take place without any fine tuning of the system parameters.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures