cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Facing the problems on the determination of stellar temperatures and gravities: Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Bonifacio, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed red giant branch stars in 16 Galactic globular clusters, computing their atmospheric parameters both from the photometry and from excitation and ionisation balances. The spectroscopic parameters are lower than the photometric ones and this discrepancy increases decreasing the metallicity, reaching, at [Fe/H]~-2.5 dex, differences of ~350 K in effective temperature and ~1 dex in surface gravity. We demonstrate that the spectroscopic parameters are inconsistent with the position of the stars in the colour-magnitude diagram, providing too low temperatures and gravities, and predicting that the stars are up to about 2.5 magnitudes brighter than the observed magnitudes. The parameter discrepancy is likely due to the inadequacies of the adopted physics, in particular the assumption of 1-dimensional geometry can be the origin of the observed slope between iron abundances and excitation potential that leads to low temperatures. However, the current modelling of 3D/NLTE radiative transfer for giant stars seems to be not able to totally erase this slope. We conclude that the spectroscopic parameters are wrong for metallicity lower than -1.5 dex and for these red giant stars photometric temperatures and gravities should be adopted. We provide a simple relation to correct the spectroscopic temperatures in order to put them onto a photometric scale.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, 12 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Forschung im Zwielicht: Fälschungen in der Wissenschaft
Creators: name: Keazor, Henry
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Henry Keazor (Kunstgeschichte) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Fehlverhalten, Fälschungen, „Fake Science“ – Vielfalt, fächerübergreifender Vergleich, Ursachen, Folgen und Verhinderung“ war außerdem Prof. Dr. Eva Grebel beteiligt (Bericht in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Derivation of the Leroux system as the hydrodynamic limit of a two-component lattice gas
Creators: name: Fritz, Jozsef
name: Toth, Balint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82C24

description: The long time behavior of a couple of interacting asymmetric exclusion processes of opposite velocities is investigated in one space dimension. We do not allow two particles at the same site, and a collision effect (exchange) takes place when particles of opposite velocities meet at neighboring sites. There are two conserved quantities, and the model admits hyperbolic (Euler) scaling; the hydrodynamic limit results in the classical Leroux system of conservation laws, \emph{even beyond the appearence of shocks}. Actually, we prove convergence to the set of entropy solutions, the question of uniqueness is left open. To control rapid oscillations of Lax entropies via logarithmic Sobolev inequality estimates, the symmetric part of the process is speeded up in a suitable way, thus a slowly vanishing viscosity is obtained at the macroscopic level. Following earlier work of the first author the stochastic version of Tartar--Murat theory of compensated compactness is extended to two-component stochastic models.
description: proof of Proposition 4 (log-Sobolev inequality) corrected
Electronic supplementary material from Exposure to high male density causes maternal stress and female-biased sex ratios in a mammal
Creators: name: Firman, Renée C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A shift from the traditional perspective that maternal stress is invariably costly has instigated recent interest into its adaptive role in offspring sex allocation. Stress generated by social instability has been linked to offspring sex ratio biases that favour the production of female offspring, which converges with the theoretical prediction that mothers in the poor condition are better off investing in daughters rather than sons. However, previous research has failed to disentangle two different processes: the passive consequence of maternal stress on sex-specific mortality and the adaptive effect of maternal stress at the time of conception. Here, I show that exposure to high male density social conditions leads to elevated stress hormone levels and female-biased in utero offspring sex ratios in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus), and identify that sex-specific offspring production—not sex-specific mortality—is the mechanism accounting for these sex ratio skews. This outcome reflects the optimal fitness scenario for mothers in a male-dominated environment: the production of daughters, who are guaranteed high mate availability, minimizes male–male competition for their sons. Overall, this study supports the idea that maternal stress has the potential to be adaptive and advances our understanding of how exposure to different social conditions can influence sex allocation in mammals.
The Food Assistance Landscape: FY 2014 Annual Report
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Oliveira, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Public Economics
subject: food assistance
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: SNAP
subject: school lunch
subject: school breakfast
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children
subject: WIC
subject: Child and Adult Care Food Program
subject: food insecurity

description: In this report, the Economic Research Service (ERS) uses preliminary data from USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine trends in U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through fiscal 2014 (October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2014) and ERS data to examine trends in the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in the United States through 2013.
Par un seul mot
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Abstract
Supplemental Text from Lateralization of short- and long-term visual memories in an insect
Creators: name: A. Sofia David Fernandes
name: Niven, Jeremy E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional information regarding the statistical analysis performed in the paper.
More Is Different
Creators: name: Jochim, Selim
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Selim Jochim (Physik) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Einfach komplex. Asymmetrien von Einfachheit und Komplexität in Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften“ war außerdem Prof. Dr. Dirk Werle beteiligt (Bericht in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Dargwa: Person
Creators: name: Sumbatova, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Nakh-Dagestanian languages, Dargwa, person, person agreement

description: This lecture is part of the lecture series: Glottothèque: Languages of the Anatolia, Caucasus, Iran, Mesopotamia; grammatical snippets online (electronic resource). Bamberg, Cambridge, Göttingen, Moscow, Nicosia, Paris: LACIM network, at https://spw.unigoettingen.de/projects/lacim/, edited by Christiane Bulut, Anaïd Donabédian-Demopoulos, Geoffrey Haig, Geoffrey Khan, Pollet Samvelian, Stavros Skopeteas, Nina Sumbatova.
Gravitational Landau Damping for massive scalar modes
Creators: name: Moretti, Fabio
name: Bombacigno, Flavio
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the possibility of Landau damping for gravitational scalar waves which propagate in a non-collisional gas of particles. In particular, under the hypothesis of homogeneity and isotropy, we describe the medium at the equilibrium with a Jüttner-Maxwell distribution, and we analytically determine the damping rate from the Vlasov equation. We find that damping occurs only if the phase velocity of the wave is subluminal throughout the propagation within the medium. Finally, we investigate relativistic media in cosmological settings by adopting numerical techniques.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome
Fehlverhalten, Fälschungen, „Fake Science“
Creators: name: Grebel, Eva
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Eva Grebel (Astronomie) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse ihrer Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Fehlverhalten, Fälschungen, „Fake Science“ – Vielfalt, fächerübergreifender Vergleich, Ursachen, Folgen und Verhinderung“ war außerdem Prof. Dr. Henry Keazor beteiligt (Bericht in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Ich bin Wissenschaftlerin, keine Schriftstellerin!
Creators: name: Gräter, Frauke
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Frauke Gräter (Biophysik) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse ihrer Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Does the Quality of Writing Influence Scientific Impact?“ waren außerdem Prof. Dr. Vera Nünning und Prof. Dr. Michael Strube beteiligt (Berichte in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Observing Brownian motion in vibration-fluidized granular matter
Creators: name: D'Anna, G.
name: Mayor, P.
name: Barrat, A.
name: Loreto, V.
name: Nori, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the beginning of last century, Gerlach and Lehrer observed the rotational Brownian motion of a very fine wire immersed in an equilibrium environment, a gas. This simple experiment eventually permitted the full development of one of the most important ideas of equilibrium statistical mechanics: the very complicated many-particle problem of a large number of molecules colliding with the wire, can be represented by two macroscopic parameters only, namely viscosity and the temperature. Can this idea, mathematically developed in the so-called Langevin model and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem be used to describe systems that are far from equilibrium? Here we address the question and reproduce the Gerlach and Lehrer experiment in an archetype non-equilibrium system, by immersing a sensitive torsion oscillator in a granular system of millimetre-size grains, fluidized by strong external vibrations. The vibro-fluidized granular medium is a driven environment, with continuous injection and dissipation of energy, and the immersed oscillator can be seen as analogous to an elastically bound Brownian particle. We show, by measuring the noise and the susceptibility, that the experiment can be treated, in first approximation, with the same formalism as in the equilibrium case, giving experimental access to a ''granular viscosity'' and an ''effective temperature'', however anisotropic and inhomogeneous, and yielding the surprising result that the vibro-fluidized granular matter behaves as a ''thermal'' bath satisfying a fluctuation-dissipation relation.
Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms: Family Farm Report, 2014 Edition
Creators: name: Hoppe, Robert A.
name: Hoppe, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Contracting
subject: family farms
subject: farm businesses
subject: farm financial performance
subject: farm-operator household income and wealth
subject: farm operators
subject: farm structure
subject: farm typology
subject: Federal crop insurance
subject: Government payments
subject: limited-resource farms
subject: small farms
subject: tenure

description: Most U.S. farms-97 percent in 2011-are family operations, and even the largest farms are predominantly family-run. Midsize and large-scale family farms account for 8 percent of U.S. farms but 60 percent of the value of production. In contrast, small family farms make up 90 percent of the U.S. farm count but produce a 26-percent share of farm output.
Kipppunkte im interdisziplinären Diskurs
Creators: name: Goeschl, Timo
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Timo Goeschl (Umweltökonomik) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Associate-Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Tipping Points at the Verge of Decision-Making Process in Biology and Economics“ waren außerdem Prof. Dr. Anna Marciniak-Czochra und Prof. Dr. Ana Martin-Villalba beteiligt (Berichte in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Volgia Stuckenberg 1905
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Wyse Jackson, Patrick N.
name: Aretz, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cystoporida
Hexagonellidae
Volgia

description: Genus Volgia Stuckenberg, 1905
 Ramiporina Schulga-Nesterenko, 1933: 40.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Coscinium arborescens Stuckenberg, 1895, by original designation. Pennsylvanian; Russia.
DIAGNOSIS. — Colony consisting of erect bifoliate lobes, with secondary branches diverging at right angles in crucifix-shaped pattern. Mesotheca with a dark and thin middle layer and two light and thick outer layers, containing median tubuli and longitudinal ridges parallel to growth direction. Autozooecia recumbent on the mesotheca or epitheca for a long distance, then bending upwards abruptly or gently, intersecting the surface almost perpendicularly. Hemisepta absent. Thin, complete diaphragms in autozooecia, common to abundant. Autozooecial apertures circular to oval, with thick peristomes. Lunaria obscure. Autozooecia separated by vesicular skeleton in endozone and by thick stereom in exozone. Microacanthostyles (tubuli) in stereom. Maculae lacking.
OCCURRENCE. — Carboniferous; Russia, Germany, France.
COMPARISON
 Volgia Stuckenberg, 1905 differs from Prismopora Hall, 1883 in colony shape (branched with crucifix-pattern of branch diversion versus trifoliate, irregularly branching in Prismopora), as well as in absence of hemisepta. Volgia differs in colony shape from Glyptopora Ulrich, 1884 (radially trifurcating and fused together branches which form a honeycomb-shaped structure), and from Evactinopora Meek & Worthen, 1865 (multifoliate colony consisting of 4-8 vertical bifoliate branches radiating from centre).
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej, Wyse Jackson, Patrick N. & Aretz, Markus, 2015, Bryozoan fauna from the Mississippian (Visean) of Roque Redonde (Montagne Noire, southern France), pp. 151-213 in Geodiversitas 37 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.5252/g2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4534998
Educating heart and mind : fostering ethical emotional learning in elementary schools
Creators: name: Kerr, Jeannie Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: There have been calls for a renewed emphasis on balancing educating the heart and mind in elementary education in response to troubling global problems such as poverty, environmental destruction, war, and genocide. The hope is that educating the hearts as well as the minds of students will begin a process of thoughtful healing of this world. Despite calls for broader educational objectives, teachers in public school systems are under increasing pressure to narrow the curriculum to encourage better performance on standardized tests. I am engaging in this conceptual inquiry into emotional learning both to provide a defensible philosophical position on emotional learning that will help resist political pressures to narrow the curriculum and to answer theoretical questions arising out of my teaching practice. The general purpose of my study is to contribute to the conceptual research literature on ethical emotional learning of pre-adolescent children. By ethical emotional learning, I am referring to the ways in which a child acquires appropriate emotions and learns to direct both her negative and positive emotions so as to live in moral or good ways. This conceptual inquiry and related educational approach is grounded in neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics as I believe it avoids the intellectualist bias found in other prominent ethics, and provides an appropriate balance between emotional and intellectual development. The concept of habituation is often discussed in virtue ethics literature as an early form of learning of the emotional virtues. Amongst neo-Aristotelian virtue ethicists there are divergent interpretations of the concept of habituation, and I am undertaking a conceptual inquiry in order to arrive at a normative conception of the term. I also position my normative conception of habituation in a broader consideration of the achievement of practical wisdom or phronesis. To further develop this research, I have also provided the teaching methods and educational configurations that are practically effective and drawn a theoretical connection to virtue ethics. I have also brought in the topics of teacher/student relationships and teacher identity and integrity as I believe that these considerations are of fundamental importance, but not widely discussed in the conceptual literature.
Dargwa: grammatical relations
Creators: name: Sumbatova, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Nakh-Dagestanian languages, Dargwa, grammatical relations, subject

description: This lecture is part of the lecture series: Glottothèque: Languages of the Anatolia, Caucasus, Iran, Mesopotamia; grammatical snippets online (electronic resource). Bamberg, Cambridge, Göttingen, Moscow, Nicosia, Paris: LACIM network, at https://spw.unigoettingen.de/projects/lacim/, edited by Christiane Bulut, Anaïd Donabédian-Demopoulos, Geoffrey Haig, Geoffrey Khan, Pollet Samvelian, Stavros Skopeteas, Nina Sumbatova.
On-line Capacity Estimation for Lithium-ion Battery Cells via an Electrochemical Model-based Adaptive Interconnected Observer
Creators: name: Allam, Anirudh
name: Onori, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Battery aging is a natural process that contributes to capacity and power fade, resulting in a gradual performance degradation over time and usage. State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) monitoring of an aging battery poses a challenging task to the Battery Management System (BMS) due to the lack of direct measurements. Estimation algorithms based on an electrochemical model that take into account the impact of aging on physical battery parameters can provide accurate information on lithium concentration and cell capacity over a battery's usable lifespan. A temperature-dependent electrochemical model, the Enhanced Single Particle Model (ESPM), forms the basis for the synthesis of an adaptive interconnected observer that exploits the relationship between capacity and power fade, due to the growth of Solid Electrolyte Interphase layer (SEI), to enable combined estimation of states (lithium concentration in both electrodes and cell capacity) and aging-sensitive transport parameters (anode diffusion coefficient and SEI layer ionic conductivity). The practical stability conditions for the adaptive observer are derived using Lyapunov's theory. Validation results against experimental data show a bounded capacity estimation error within 2% of its true value. Further, effectiveness of capacity estimation is tested for two cells at different stages of aging. Robustness of capacity estimates under measurement noise and sensor bias are studied.
description: 16 pages
Medizinrecht und Medizinethik im Fokus
Creators: name: Geibel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Stefan Geibel (Rechtswissenschaft) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Ärzte als Treuhänder? – Rechtliche, medizinische und ethische Auswirkungen“ war außerdem Prof. Dr. Eva Winkler beteiligt (Bericht in diesem Band). Auch das Essay „Ärztliche Treuhänderschaft“ (in diesem Band) ist ein Ergebnis dieses Projektes.
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
title: Studies in readability: An examination of relationships between readibility measures, patterns of difficulty in selected school history texts, and associated responses of twelve to fourteen year olds
Creators: name: Stokes, Alan Frederick
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1984

description: A readability survey was carried out on a wide selection of history books, using a computer program, ASTRA 3, developed for the study. The results showed that although the mean readability levels of textbooks provided for 12-14 year olds were appropriate to their readership, there were very large and seemingly random internal fluctuations. This, coupled with an observed lack of scalar correspondence between formulae, has implications for current practices in readability assessment. The responses of readers to readability fluctuations were next investigated, using one subjective measure and three behavioural measures, namely, children's subjective ratings, cloze procedure, reading rate, and stress reaction (Skin Conductance Response). Relatively low cost microcomputer based apparatus was developed for studying the latter two measures. It was found that average 12-14 year old readers were able to perceive variation in difficulty in adjacent passages and these subjective ratings proved to be relatively good predictors of fluctuations in cloze procedure scores. A measure of redundancy based on cloze responses was also shown to be strongly related to children's subjective ratings of contextualised passages. No statistical relationship was found, however, between textual cohesion and either the subjective or the objective indices. These findings raise a number of questions of concern to writers and publishers of school text books. According to the cloze test, all the passages were at frustration level, although this is contrary to what would have been expected from the range of readability indices. Reading rate tended to increase, rather than decrease with difficulty, though in absolute terms the variation was slight. SCR responses tended to be labile and snowed substantial individual. differences. This part of the study opens up a number of questions about the appropriateness of different ways of examining the response of readers to specific 'text features that contribute to readability. In general, the findings in this interrelated series of studies show that a great deal of readability assessment is based on assumptions of dubious validity concerning the distribution of difficulty within texts, the nature of relationships between different readability measures, and the ways in which readers actually respond to hypothesized difficulties.
Lattice dynamical study of optical modes in Tl2Mn2O7 and In2Mn2O7 pyrochlores
Creators: name: Brown, Sonal
name: Gupta, H. C.
name: Alonso, J. A.
name: Martinez-Lope, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Raman, IR and force field have been investigated for A2Mn2O7 (A= Tl, In) by means of a short-range force constant model which includes four stretching and four bending force constants. Unusual spectral and force field changes are observed and analyzed. The stretching force constant Mn-O and A-O, are found to be relatively higher than those of other pyrochlore oxides of the A2Mn2O7 family, while the remaining force constant values are significantly smaller, especially for Tl2Mn2O7. This trend may be due to strong hybridization of the Tl (6s) orbital with O (2p) and Mn (3d). The assignment of all the modes has been proposed and potential energy distribution is also reported. The evaluated frequencies are close to the available observed infrared and Raman frequencies, giving further support to the present assignments.
description: To be published in PRB, 17 pages
Cystodictya Ulrich 1882
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Wyse Jackson, Patrick N.
name: Aretz, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cystoporida
Cystodictyonidae
Cystodictya

description: Genus Cystodictya Ulrich, 1882
 TYPE SPECIES. — Cystodictya ocellata Ulrich, 1882 by original designation. Lower Mississippian; Kentucky, USA.
DIAGNOSIS. — Bifoliate colony, strap-like, branching in plane of mesotheca. Autozooecia with peristomes and lunaria. Ridges between autozooecial rows lacking. Mesotheca thin to moderately thick, indistinctly laminated to granular-prismatic, with low ridges, running parallel to ranges of autozooecia. Autozooecia teardrop-shaped at their basis, quadrate in cross-section; partly isolated by boxlike vesicles; recumbent portion short; blunt proximolateral hemisepta at zooecial bend, indenting zooecial cavity and producing slight hook-shaped appearance of autozooecia in deep tangential section. Diaphragms lacking. Walls laminated; boundary serrated, tubules in cortex. Lunarium in exozone, light colored, laminated, some with core and proximal rib. Compound range walls thin in endozone with dark boundary continuous into dark central layer of mesotheca; thick in exozone with many flexures and irregular tubuli. Vesicles small, boxlike, in endozone; low blisters in inner exozone; stereom in exozone; laminated with tubuli and flexures.
OCCURRENCE. —Middle Devonian – Upper Carboniferous;worldwide.
C OMPARISON
 Cystodictya Ulrich, 1882 differs from Sulcoretepora d’Orbigny, 1849 by teardrop-shaped apertures, straight mesotheca and autozooecial walls, which are distinctly tripartite in Sulcoretepora and more homogenous in Cystodictya. Furthermore, Cystodictya possesses hemisepta which is absent in Sulcoretepora. Cystodictya differs from Dichotrypa Ulrich in Miller, 1889 by absence of acanthostyles in exterior stereom.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej, Wyse Jackson, Patrick N. & Aretz, Markus, 2015, Bryozoan fauna from the Mississippian (Visean) of Roque Redonde (Montagne Noire, southern France), pp. 151-213 in Geodiversitas 37 (2) on page 166, DOI: 10.5252/g2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4534998
Zur Psychologie eines gebrochenen Herzens
Creators: name: Ditzen, Beate
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Beate Ditzen (Medizinische Psychologie) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse ihrer Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Partnerschaft und Gesundheit – von sozialen zu molekularen Mechanismen“ waren außerdem Prof. Dr. Johannes Backs, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bauer und Prof. Dr. Thomas Klein beteiligt (Berichte in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Collisions in zero temperature Fermi gases
Creators: name: Gupta, Subhadeep
name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
name: Anglin, James R.
name: Ketterle, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the collisional behavior of two-component Fermi gases released at zero temperature from a harmonic trap. Using a phase-space formalism to calculate the collision rate during expansion, we find that Pauli blocking plays only a minor role for momentum changing collisions. As a result, for a large scattering cross-section, Pauli blocking will not prevent the gas from entering the collisionally hydrodynamic regime. In contrast to the bosonic case, hydrodynamic expansion at very low temperatures is therefore not evidence for fermionic superfluidity.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
cateventedges.csv from A natural catastrophic turnover event: individual sociality matters despite community resilience in wild house mice
Creators: name: Evans, Julian C.
name: Liechti, Jonas I.
name: Boatman, Bruce
name: König, Barbara
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Natural disasters can cause rapid demographic changes which disturb the social structure of a population as individuals may lose connections. These changes also have indirect effects as survivors alter their within-group connections or move between groups. As group membership and network position may influence individual fitness, indirect effects may affect how individuals and populations recover from catastrophic events. Here we study changes in the social structure after a large predation event in a population of wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus), where a third of adults were lost. Using social network analysis, we examine how heterogeneity in sociality results in varied responses to losing connections. We then investigate how these differences influence the overall network structure. An individual's reaction to losing associates depended on its sociality prior to the event. Those that were less social before formed more weak connections afterwards, while more social individuals reduced the number of survivors they associated with. Otherwise, the number and size of social groups were highly robust. This indicates that social preferences can drive how individuals adjust their social behaviour after catastrophic turnover events, despite the population's resilience in social structure.
Beeinflusst Partnerschaft die Vulnerabilität im höheren Lebensalter?
Creators: name: Bauer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bauer (Geriatrie) berichtet über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Partnerschaft und Gesundheit – von sozialen zu molekularen Mechanismen“ waren außerdem Prof. Dr. Johannes Backs, Prof. Dr. Beate Ditzen und Prof. Dr. Thomas Klein beteiligt (Berichte in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Productivity, technical efficiency and technological change in French agriculture during 2002-2014: A Färe-Primont index decomposition
Creators: name: Dakpo, K Hervé
name: Desjeux, Yann
name: Jeanneaux, Philippe
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Dakpo, K Hervé
name: Desjeux, Yann
name: Jeanneaux, Philippe
name: Latruffe, Laure
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: total factor productivity (TFP)
subject: Färe-Primont index
subject: meta-frontier
subject: French farms

description: The objective of the article is to assess productivity change in French agriculture during 2002-2014, namely total factor productivity (TFP) change and its components technological change and technical efficiency change. For this, we use the economically-ideal Färe-Primont index which verifies the multiplicatively completeness property and is also transitive, allowing for multi-temporal/lateral comparisons. To compare the technology gap change between the six types of farming considered, we extend the Färe-Primont to the meta-frontier framework. Results indicate that during 2002-2014, all farms experienced a TFP progress. Pig and/or poultry farms had the lowest TFP increase, while beef farms had the highest (19.1%). The latter farms had the strongest increase in technical efficiency, while technological progress was the highest for mixed farms. The meta-frontier analysis shows that field crop farms’ technology is the most productive of all types of farming.
Large Wilson loops with overlap and clover fermions: Two-loop evaluation of the b-quark mass shift and the quark-antiquark potential
Creators: name: Athenodorou, A.
name: Panagopoulos, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute, to two loops in pertubation theory, the fermionic contribution to rectangular RxT Wilson loops, for different values of R and T. We use the overlap fermionic action. We also employ the clover action, for comparison with existing results in the literature. In the limit R, T -> Infinity our results lead to the shift in the b-quark mass. We also evaluate the perturbative static potential as T -> Infinity.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, 14 tables
Local pairing of Feynman histories in many-body Floquet models
Creators: name: Garratt, S. J.
name: Chalker, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study many-body quantum dynamics using Floquet quantum circuits in one space dimension as simple examples of systems with local interactions that support ergodic phases. Physical properties can be expressed in terms of multiple sums over Feynman histories, which for these models are paths or many-body orbits in Fock space. A natural simplification of such sums is the diagonal approximation, where the only terms that are retained are ones in which each path is paired with a partner that carries the complex conjugate weight. We identify the regime in which the diagonal approximation holds, and the nature of the leading corrections to it. We focus on the behaviour of the spectral form factor (SFF) and of matrix elements of local operators, averaged over an ensemble of random circuits, making comparisons with the predictions of random matrix theory (RMT) and the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH). We show that properties are dominated at long times by contributions to orbit sums in which each orbit is paired locally with a conjugate, as in the diagonal approximation, but that in large systems these contributions consist of many spatial domains, with distinct local pairings in neighbouring domains. The existence of these domains is reflected in deviations of the SFF from RMT predictions, and of matrix element correlations from ETH predictions; deviations of both kinds diverge with system size. We demonstrate that our physical picture of orbit-pairing domains has a precise correspondence in the spectral properties of a transfer matrix that acts in the space direction to generate the ensemble-averaged SFF. In addition, we find that domains of a second type control non-Gaussian fluctuations of the SFF. These domains are separated by walls which are related to the entanglement membrane, known to characterise the scrambling of quantum information.
description: 22+7 pages
Tabulipora Young 1883
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Wyse Jackson, Patrick N.
name: Aretz, Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Trepostomatida
Stenoporidae
Tabulipora

description: Genus Tabulipora Young, 1883
 TYPE SPECIES. — Cellepora urii Fleming, 1828 by monotypy. Carboniferous; Scotland.
DIAGNOSIS. — Ramose, encrusting, cylindrical or massive colonies. Autozooecia with basal diaphragms and ring septa. Autozooecial walls irregularly thickening with development of monilae. Exilazooecia rare. Acanthostyles of two sizes: small microacanthostyles and large macroacanthostyles.
OCCURRENCE. — Carboniferous-Permian; worldwide.
COMPARISON
 The genus Tabulipora Young, 1883 differs from the genera Stenopora Lonsdale, 1844 and Stenodiscus Crockford, 1945 by the development of ring septa.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej, Wyse Jackson, Patrick N. & Aretz, Markus, 2015, Bryozoan fauna from the Mississippian (Visean) of Roque Redonde (Montagne Noire, southern France), pp. 151-213 in Geodiversitas 37 (2) on page 170, DOI: 10.5252/g2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4534998
A Dual-Dimer Method for Training Physics-Constrained Neural Networks with Minimax Architecture
Creators: name: Liu, Dehao
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data sparsity is a common issue to train machine learning tools such as neural networks for engineering and scientific applications, where experiments and simulations are expensive. Recently physics-constrained neural networks (PCNNs) were developed to reduce the required amount of training data. However, the weights of different losses from data and physical constraints are adjusted empirically in PCNNs. In this paper, a new physics-constrained neural network with the minimax architecture (PCNN-MM) is proposed so that the weights of different losses can be adjusted systematically. The training of the PCNN-MM is searching the high-order saddle points of the objective function. A novel saddle point search algorithm called Dual-Dimer method is developed. It is demonstrated that the Dual-Dimer method is computationally more efficient than the gradient descent ascent method for nonconvex-nonconcave functions and provides additional eigenvalue information to verify search results. A heat transfer example also shows that the convergence of PCNN-MMs is faster than that of traditional PCNNs.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures, accepted by neural networks
Das gebrochene Herz – ein medizinisches Problem
Creators: name: Backs, Johannes
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Prof. Dr. Johannes Backs (experimentelle Kardiologie) informiert über Verlauf und Ergebnisse seiner Fellowship innerhalb der Zeitspanne 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020. An dem interdisziplinären Fellow Projekt „Partnerschaft und Gesundheit – von sozialen zu molekularen Mechanismen“ waren außerdem Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bauer, Prof. Dr. Beate Ditzen und Prof. Dr. Thomas Klein beteiligt (Berichte in diesem Band).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Supplementary Figures from On age-specific selection and extensive lifespan beyond menopause
Creators: name: Pang, Tin Yau
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Standard evolutionary theory of ageing predicts weaker purifying selection on genes critical to later life stages. Prolonged post-reproductive lifespan (PPRLS), observed only in a few species like humans, is likely a result of disparate relaxation of purifying selection on survival and reproduction in late life stages. While the exact origin of PPRLS is under debate, many researchers agree on hypotheses like mother-care and grandmother-care, which ascribe PPRLS to investment into future generations—provision to one’s descendants to enhance their overall reproductive success. Here, we simulate an agent-based model, which properly accounts for age-specific selection, to examine how different investment strategies affect the strength of purifying selection on survival and reproduction. We observed in the simulations that, investment strategies that allow a female individual to remain contributive to its own descendants (infants and adults) at late life stages may lead to differential relaxation of selection on survival and reproduction, and incur the adaptive evolution of PPRLS.
ESSAIS DE DESHERBAGE CHIMIQUE DES CULTURES MARAICHERES INTENSIVES EN MARTINIQUE
Creators: name: Daly, Patrick M. J.
name: Daly, Patrick M. J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: In 1979 and 1980 eight herbicides have been tested with tree doses increased in arithmetic progression by "rentability" trials in irrigated area at low élévation. Five are retained and are available to be advised by extension services: Butraline : 2 kilos/hectar, Chloramben : 3 kilos in green pod bean fields; Difenamid: 5 kilos in Tomato, Sweet Pepper, Sweet Patato, f i e 1 d s ; Metribuzin at 4-5 kilos in Yam culture; Naptalame at 4,5 kilos in Cucurbits in fersiallitiques clay soils.
Endo- vs. Exo-genous shocks and relaxation rates in book and music "sales"
Creators: name: Lambiotte, R.
name: Ausloos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze the response of music and book sales to an external field and to buyer herding. We distinguish endogenous and exogenous shocks. We focus on some case studies, whose data have been collected from ranking on amazon.com. We show that an ensemble of equivalent systems quantitatively respond in a similar way to a similar ''external shock'', indicating roads to universality features. In contrast to Sornette et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. {93}, 228701 (2004)] who seemed to find power law behaviors, in particular at long times, - a law interpreted in terms of an epidemic activity, we observe that the relaxation process can be as well seen as an exponential one that saturates toward an asymptotic state, itself different from the pre-shock state. By studying an ensemble of 111 shocks, on books or records, we show that exogenous and endogenous shocks are discriminated by their short-time behaviour: the relaxation time seems to be twice shorter in endogenous shocks than in exogenous ones. We interpret the finding through a simple thermodynamic model with a dissipative force.
description: to be published in physica a
Hadronic effects on charmonium elliptic flows in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Baoyi
name: Jiang, Liu
name: Liu, Yunpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport and Langevin equations are employed to study hadronic medium effects on charmonium elliptic flows in heavy-ion collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, the anisotropic energy density of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the transverse plane is transformed into hadron momentum anisotropy after the phase transition. Charmonia with high transverse momentum $p_T$ are produced via the primordial hard process and undergo different degrees of dissociation along different paths in the QGP. They then scatter with light hadrons in the hadron phase. Both contributions to the charmonium elliptic flows are studied at moderate and high transverse momenta. The elliptic flows of the prompt $J/ψ$ are found to be considerably enhanced at high transverse momentum when the charmonium diffusion coefficients in the hadronic medium are parametrized through the geometry scale approximation. This hadronic medium effect is negligible for quarkonia with larger mass such as bottomonia.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
SOYBEAN CULTIVARS FOR ACID, LOW FERTILITY SOILS IN SURINAME
Creators: name: Fung-Kon-Sang, W. E.
name: Wienk, J. F.
name: Fung-Kon-Sang, W. E.
name: Wienk, J. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A number of soybean cultivars was taken into observation to study their performance on the sandy loam soils of the Zanderij formation (52 30' Ν latitude) a belt of acid low fertility soils with generally good physical conditions. Apart from one local entry all material was imported, cultivars having been introduced from INTSOY (US), U T A (Nigeria) and AVRDC (Taiwan). Yields did not exceed 2.5 tons/ha. Most cultivars were rejected because of relatively low plant height. Vada, SJ-2, UFV-1 (BP-2), ICA-1-125 and Jupiter were select for further testing. As to soybean in général further information is required on the effect of sowing date.
Respekt und Horizonterweiterung
Creators: name: Graziotto, Johanna
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Johanna Graziotto (Studentin der Germanistik und Geschichtswissenschaft) berichtet über ihre Erfahrungen im Marsilius Brückenseminar „Bioökonomie als Garant für Nachhaltigkeit? - Naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen, politische Herausforderungen und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz“ (Marsilius Studien).
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020
Telescopic system with a rotating objective element
Creators: name: Chadzitaskos, G.
name: Tolar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angular resolution is tha ability of a telescope to render detail: the higher the resolution the finer is the detail. it is, together with the aperture, the most important characteristic of telescopes. We propose a new construction of telescopes with improved ratio of angular resolution and area of the primary optical element (mirror or lense). For this purpose we use the rotation of the primary optical element with one dominating dimension. The length of the dominating dimension of the primary optical element determines the angular resolution. During the rotation a sequence of images is stored in a computer and the images of observed objects can be reconstructed using a relatively simple software. The angular resolution is determined by the maximal length of the primary optical element of the system. This construction of telescopic systems allows to construct telescopes of high resolution with lower weight and fraction of usual costs.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Frühe Kindheit Im Wandel
Creators: name: Gathmann, Christina
name: Patzel-Mattern, Katja
name: Pauen, Sabina
name: Roos, Jeanette
name: Hautmann, Anna
name: Horrer, Philipp
name: Kästner, Rahel
name: Kiefer, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg
Year: 2021

description: Es wird über das Voranschreiten des interdisziplinären Marsilius Projekts „Frühe Kindheit im Wandel“ (KiWa) im Zeitraum 1. April 2019 bis 31. März 2020 berichtet.
description: Forum Marsilius-Kolleg, Bd. 19 (2021): Jahresbericht 2019/2020