cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Building bridges of peace : linking peacebuilding & infrastructure development in post-conflict zones
Creators: name: Becker, Meghan Therese Auker
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: development
Kosovo
infrastructure
peace

description: Second semester University: Ca' Foscari University of Venice.
description: This paper assesses the importance of infrastructure development as a factor in successful peacebuilding and vice versa in post-conflict zones. By acknowledging the changing nature of war, it recognizes the need for changing methods of post-conflict intervention and describes how linking the different sectors of development and peacebuilding can lead to more sustainable and effective results. Successful methods of integration, implementation, and evaluation of the two practices are presented as well as a case study on development projects in Kosovo in order to demonstrate the ways in which peacebuilding and development projects can be integrated to varying degrees of success. Examination suggests that while there are obvious theoretical linkages between peacebuilding and development and some successful projects utilizing the two concepts, further integration and evaluation of such practices are needed in order to improve reconstruction and reconciliation in post-conflict zones.
Predictors of contact with minority groups: Longitudinal survey
Creators: name: Faulkner, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Decades of social psychological research indicates that intergroup contact is important for minimising prejudice and maximising social inclusion. However, many individuals seldom or never have contact with minority groups, and there remains limited understanding of what encourages individuals to seek such contact in naturalistic settings. Here we analyse longitudinal data from a sample of Australian community members to identify predictors of the amount of contact that individuals have with several minority groups (racial minorities, religious minorities, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, and LGBTI people). Consistent with recent recommendations, we implement a multivariate approach and use a range of variables at the micro, meso, and macro levels to predict the extent to which individuals have contact with minority groups.
The Influence of Local Muscle Vibration During Foam Rolling on Range of Motion, Muscle Activation, Pain, and Lower Extremity Kinematics
Creators: name: Enrique, Danielle Nicole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The purpose of this study was to identify the combined effects of foam rolling and
vibration therapy on dorsiflexion range of motion. Determining a more effective treatment for
increasing range of motion will contribute to more effective treatment paradigms for range of
motion restrictions, improvement of lower extremity kinematics, and injury risk reduction.
Healthy, physically active young adults (n=20) with restricted dorsiflexion in the weight-bearing
lunge (<40 degrees) and a minimum of one myofascial trigger point were included. A controlled
crossover experimental design was used. Participants received foam rolling with vibration
during one session and foam rolling without vibration during the other session. Foam rolling
with vibration was more effective in increasing range of motion than foam rolling without
vibration without a resultant increase in measured or perceived pain. Foam rolling with vibration
is an effective clinical tool for improving range of motion restrictions caused by myofascial
trigger points.
Towards eradication of modern slavery from global supply chains : analysis of the effects of legal instruments on the timber supply chain between Brazil and United Kingdom
Creators: name: Barros, Marina : Dorileo
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: slavery
Brazil
business ethics
corporate responsibility
labour
globalisation
human rights violations
United Kingdom

description: Second semester University: University of Nottingham
description: The object of this work is the analysis of the legal mechanisms concerning the eradication of modern slavery and their influence in global supply chain practices towards eradication of modern slavery, based on an investigation of the timber supply chain between Brazil and UK. The research was structured in three chapters, that started by the review of the current international legislation related to modern slavery and the domestic legislation in the UK and Brazil. Further, the concept of slavery was considered, in order to establish its peculiarities. After, the UNGPs were scrutinised and the importance of business responsibility to respect human rights was discussed. A special focus was given to the challenges presented by supply chains, highlighting the relevance of due diligence processes to identify human rights risks. The final chapter investigated the timber supply chain between Brazil and UK, underpinned by the examine of the current scenario of illegal logging in the Amazon forest that led to the reflection about the interaction between Brazilian suppliers and UK importers and the measures that can be implemented to change the current practices that use deforestation and slave work to harvest tropical timber.
Lellingeria affinis Labiak, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.
Creators: name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Kessler, Michael
name: León, Blanca
name: Almeida, Thaís Elias
name: Jiménez-Pérez, Iván
name: Lehnert, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Polypodiaceae
Lellingeria
Lellingeria affinis

description: Lellingeria affinis Labiak, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 111: 14(–16). 2013.
 Range: — Peru, Bolivia (CO, LP, SC).
 Ecology: —Uncommon; epiphytic in montane rain forests; 2000–3000 m.
description: Published as part of Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael, León, Blanca, Almeida, Thaís Elias, Jiménez-Pérez, Iván & Lehnert, Marcus, 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XL. Polypodiaceae, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 354 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.354.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13706197
Living inside or outside the European Union for Roma : questioning the differences for living conditions of Roma and Roma inclusion policies with Portugal and Turkey examples
Creators: name: Atak, Tuğçe
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Romanies
Portugal
Turkey
European Union countries

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon.
description: The thesis discusses the question of Roma inside and outside the European Union by analysing different aspects of policies and legal instruments for Roma inclusion within Portugal and Turkey. Data for this study were obtained from various reports and legal and policy documents about relevant scopes. The main resources are the scope of minority rights, social and economic rights, equality and non-discrimination from institutions of United Nation, European Union and OSCE. The thesis starts with a discourse about who are the Roma people and their history to understand their incomparability from the beginning. The second chapter involves the concept of minority and minority rights protection by indicating difficulties to place Roma groups in the minority discourse and to protect their rights. The third and fourth chapters show the lack for a successful Roma inclusion as a part of social inclusion at political and legal level. Also, they recommend including multiple aspects of the complex and interrelated issues of Roma populations in the EU, particularly Portugal, and Turkey. In conclusion, this study indicates similarities between the poor living conditions of Roma and the segregated place of Roma in society, even though legal and policy instruments of the EU enhance more protection and promotion of Roma identity and their rights.
Direct Urca processes involving singlet proton superfluidity in neutron star cooling
Creators: name: Xu, Yan
name: Huang, Xiu Lin
name: Zhang, Xiao Jun
name: Bao, Tmurbagan
name: Xiao, Lin
name: Fan, Cun Bo
name: Liu, Cheng Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed description of the baryon direct Urca processes A: $n\rightarrow p+e+\barν_{e}$, B: $Λ\rightarrow p+e+\barν_{e}$, C: $Ξ^{-}\rightarrowΛ+e+\barν_{e}$ related to the neutron star cooling is given in the relativistic mean field approximation.The contributions of the reactions B and C on the neutrino luminosity are calculated by means of the relativistic expressions of the neutrino energy losses.Our results show that the total neutrino luminosities of the reactions A, B, C within the mass range 1.603-2.067$M_{\odot}$ (1.515-1.840$M_{\odot}$ for TM1 model) for GM1 model are larger than the corresponding values for neutron stars in npe$μ$ matter. Although the hyperon direct Urca processes B and C reduce the neutrino emissivity of the reaction A, it illustrates the reactions B and C still make the total neutrino luminosity enhancement in the above mentioned areas.Furthermore, when we only consider the $^{1}S_{0}$ proton superfluidity in neutron star cooling, we find that although the neutrino emissivity of the reactions A and B is suppressed with the appearance of $^{1}S_{0}$ proton superfluidity, the total contribution of the reactions A, B, C can still quicken a massive neutron star cooling.These results could be used to help prove appearing hyperons in PSR J1614-2230 and J0348+0432 from neutron star cooling perspective.
Perceived and Actual Noise Levels in Critical Care Units
Creators: name: White, Brittany Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Deep, restorative sleep is needed for Intensive Care Unit patients to help with
healing and recovery. However, sleep in the ICU is not easily attained. Noise is one factor that
limits patient sleep. Although many studies have acknowledged that the Intensive Care Unit
(ICU) is noisy, few studies have compared the nurses’ perception of noise to actual noise levels.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare actual noise levels to perceived noise by
nursing staff in the ICU.
Methods: A pilot study was conducted at Rex Hospital to compare actual sound levels with the
nurses perception of noise. Actual sound was measured using the Decibel 10th Iphone
application by SkyPaw Co. Ltd, and perceived sound was measured using a Familiar Noise
Survey developed by the researcher. Following the pilot study, the Familiar Noise Survey was
revised and actual and perceived noise was measured at 6 Intensive Care Units at Duke
University Medical Center. A random sample of nurses were surveyed twice in a 3-day period (n
= 18) to measure their perception of sound on the unit. Sound pressure levels and nurse
perception were compared using descriptive statistics.
Results: Critical care nurses perceived the ICUs to be noisier than the actual values. There did
not appear to be a substantial difference in noise during the morning, evening, or weekend shifts.
The ICU was quieter than the actual noise of the lobby or cafeteria, but louder than the
recommended noise level for resotrative sleep.
Conclusion: Nurses perceive the ICU to be the loudest area of the hospital. This finding raises
the question of how we can assist nurses to reduce what they perceive to be a loud environment.
Future work is needed to develop interventions specifically for nurses to assist in reducing noise
in the ICU.
The Legendre structure of the Parisi formula
Creators: name: Auffinger, Antonio
name: Chen, Wei-Kuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82B44

description: We show that the Parisi formula of the mixed $p$-spin model is a concave function of the squared inverse temperature. This allows us to derive a new expression for the Parisi formula that involves the inverse temperature and the Parisi measure as Legendre conjugate variables.
description: 20 pages, introduction revised, Proposition 2 added
Very fast finite element Poisson solvers on lower precision accelerator hardware: A proof of concept study for Nvidia Tesla V100
Creators: name: Ruda, Dustin
name: Turek, Stefan
name: Ribbrock, Dirk
name: Zajac, Peter
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator hardware
subject: Tensor core GPUs
subject: NVIDIA V100
subject: Prehandling
subject: Hierarchical finite elements
subject: Poisson's equation
subject: 510

description: Recently, accelerator hardware in the form of graphics cards including Tensor Cores, specialized for AI, has significantly gained importance in the domain of high-performance computing. For example, NVIDIA’s Tesla V100 promises a computing power of up to 125 TFLOP/s achieved by Tensor Cores, but only if half precision floating point format is used. We describe the difficulties and discrepancy between theoretical and actual computing power if one seeks to use such hardware for numerical simulations, that is, solving partial differential equations with a matrix-based finite element method, with numerical examples. If certain requirements, namely low condition numbers and many dense matrix operations, are met, the indicated high performance can be reached without an excessive loss of accuracy. A new method to solve linear systems arising from Poisson’s equation in 2D that meets these requirements, based on “prehandling” by means of hier-archical finite elements and an additional Schur complement approach, is presented and analyzed. We provide numerical results illustrating the computational performance of this method and compare it to a commonly used (geometric) multigrid solver on standard hardware. It turns out that we can exploit nearly the full computational power of Tensor Cores and achieve a significant speed-up compared to the standard methodology without losing accuracy.
description: The international journal of high performance computing applications;36(4)
Market Crowds' Trading Behaviors, Agreement Prices, and the Implications of Trading Volume
Creators: name: Shi, Leilei
name: Han, Bing
name: Zhu, Yingzi
name: Han, Liyan
name: Wang, Yiwen
name: Piao, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It has been long that literature in financial academics focuses mainly on price and return but much less on trading volume. In the past twenty years, it has already linked both price and trading volume to economic fundamentals, and explored the behavioral implications of trading volume such as investor's attitude toward risks, overconfidence, disagreement, and attention etc. However, what is surprising is how little we really know about trading volume. Here we show that trading volume probability represents the frequency of market crowd's trading action in terms of behavior analysis, and test two adaptive hypotheses relevant to the volume uncertainty associated with price in China stock market. The empirical work reveals that market crowd trade a stock in efficient adaptation except for simple heuristics, gradually tend to achieve agreement on an outcome or an asset price widely on a trading day, and generate such a stationary equilibrium price very often in interaction and competition among themselves no matter whether it is highly overestimated or underestimated. This suggests that asset prices include not only a fundamental value but also private information, speculative, sentiment, attention, gamble, and entertainment values etc. Moreover, market crowd adapt to gain and loss by trading volume increase or decrease significantly in interaction with environment in any two consecutive trading days. Our results demonstrate how interaction between information and news, the trading action, and return outcomes in the three-term feedback loop produces excessive trading volume which includes various internal and external causes.
description: 57 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables
Ordinary neighbourhoods
Creators: name: Beier, Raffael
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Slums
subject: Decolonisation
subject: Stigmatisation
subject: Informal settlements
subject: Urban development
subject: Post-colonialism
subject: Incremental housing
subject: Development agendas
subject: Morocco
subject: 710

description: Emphasising implicit assumptions behind our ways of seeing ‘slums’, this essay calls for a radical understanding of ‘ordinary neighbourhoods’. Borrowing from Robinson’s ‘ordinary cities’ concept, it conceptualises ‘ordinariness’ as a way of rejecting the ‘absolute otherness’ of slums, stressing heterogeneity within and between neighbourhoods as well as the significance of comparative empirical research. Beyond the need for alternative, less stigmatised terms, the article urges for a new territorial ethics, a radical deconstruction and de-mystification of the ‘slum’. Such conceptualisation should make aware of the term ‘slum’ as a non-physical, spatially detached social construct that discredits marginalised people and diverts attention away from precarious living conditions and possible ways of improving them.
description: Planning theory;22(1)
On a Conjecture of Cusick Concerning the Sum of Digits of n and n + t
Creators: name: Drmota, Michael
name: Kauers, Manuel
name: Spiegelhofer, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 11A63, 05A20, 05A16, 11B50, 11B65

description: For a nonnegative integer $t$, let $c_t$ be the asymptotic density of natural numbers $n$ for which $s(n + t) \geq s(n)$, where $s(n)$ denotes the sum of digits of $n$ in base $2$. We prove that $c_t > 1/2$ for $t$ in a set of asymptotic density $1$, thus giving a partial solution to a conjecture of T. W. Cusick stating that $c_t > 1/2$ for all t. Interestingly, this problem has several equivalent formulations, for example that the polynomial $X(X + 1)\cdots(X + t - 1)$ has less than $2^t$ zeros modulo $2^{t+1}$. The proof of the main result is based on Chebyshev's inequality and the asymptotic analysis of a trivariate rational function, using methods from analytic combinatorics.
description: 27 pages
Engagement with regional multilateral organisations Case study: OIC and League of Arab States
Creators: name: Gunn, Jeremy
name: Lagresa, Alvaro
Publisher: name: FRAME
Year: 2016

description: This paper will examine the contours of EU cooperation with the LAS and the OIC in the specific case of human rights. In doing so, this paper argues that this cooperation, apart from being at an incipient stage, is understood instrumentally by the actors involved, although in different ways. While the EU has a longstanding and varied record on human rights, the LAS and the OIC are, if anything, latecomers to the human rights politics sphere. In section III, the EU human rights foreign action is presented. The EU has an intricate fabric of institutions that lay the agenda, decide, and implement human rights actions. Its foreign action is not an exception, and the EEAS is now leading the interregional dialogue with the LAS and the OIC. After revising the current dialogues between the considered regional organisation, sections IV and V focus on the LAS and the OIC’s understanding of human rights respectively. In both cases, the lack of intention from member states to deposit sovereignty on their organisations is responsible for flawed declarations on human rights, full of references to respect domestic law, an attitude which affects the universal interpretation of human rights. In the case of the OIC, and to a lesser extent the LAS, religious references are numerous, limiting again the universality and indivisibility of human rights. This is fully contrasted not only when analysing their speeches and actions, but also through careful understanding of their human rights charters. It has been found, however, that in both cases, human rights rhetoric and language has been gradually incorporated in the work of the organisations, with the launching of institutions dedicated to human rights. When the cooperation with the EU is observed, other issues come to the surface. In section VI these dialogues are considered, finding that human rights are included in most communications, and that human rights are part of concrete common actions, including workshops and conferences. However, in the recently adopted Memoranda of Understanding between the EU and the two organisations at hand, no mention is made of human rights whatsoever, while other spheres of cooperation enjoy far more traction. The latter include security, counter-terrorism, migration and crisis management. As such, we conclude that EU cooperation with ‘Arab’ and ‘Muslim’ regional organisation is not founded, on a common interest to advance human rights promotion and protection. In view of the above mentioned ‘hard interests’, human rights are left to occupy, if any, a mere rhetorical role in the dialogues.
Vindicating Personhood and Probability in Everettian Quantum Mechanics, and Doing It Thoroughly and Frugally
Creators: name: Holloway, Jesse
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Everettian interpretations of quantum mechanics all solve the famous measurement
problem—the problem of reconciling two apparently incompatible processes, the
deterministic Schrödinger Equation, and the indeterministic collapse of the state vector,
which govern the time-evolution of quantum state vectors—by saying that the appearance
of the collapse of a state vector is merely an appearance, and that the Schrödinger
Equation is the only law governing the time-evolution of the state vector.
Jumping Neptune Can Explain the Kuiper Belt Kernel
Creators: name: Nesvorny, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kuiper belt is a population of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. A particularly puzzling and up-to-now unexplained feature of the Kuiper belt is the so-called `kernel', a concentration of orbits with semimajor axes a~44 AU, eccentricities e~0.05, and inclinations i<5 deg. Here we show that the Kuiper belt kernel can be explained if Neptune's otherwise smooth migration was interrupted by a discontinuous change of Neptune's semimajor axis when Neptune reached ~28 AU. Before the discontinuity happened, planetesimals located at ~40 AU were swept into Neptune's 2:1 resonance, and were carried with the migrating resonance outwards. The 2:1 resonance was at ~44 AU when Neptune reached ~28 AU. If Neptune's semimajor axis changed by fraction of AU at this point, perhaps because Neptune was scattered off of another planet, the 2:1 population would have been released at ~44 AU, and would remain there to this day. We show that the orbital distribution of bodies produced in this model provides a good match to the orbital properties of the kernel. If Neptune migration was conveniently slow after the jump, the sweeping 2:1 resonance would deplete the population of bodies at ~45-47 AU, thus contributing to the paucity of the low-inclination orbits in this region. Special provisions, probably related to inefficiencies in the accretional growth of sizable objects, are still needed to explain why only a few low-inclination bodies have been so far detected beyond ~47 AU.
description: to appear in The Astronomical Journal
Higher Commercial Sales Accounted for Near Record U.S. Agricultural Exports in Calendar Year 1965
Creators: name: DeBlois, Eleanor N.
name: DeBlois, Eleanor N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Excerpts from the report: U.S. agricultural exports totaled $6,229 million in calendar year 1965, down 2 percent from the record $6,348 million in 1964. Commercial sales for dollars rose to an alltime high of $4,777 million, nearly $200 million above the year earlier record. Exports of feed grains and oilseeds and products accounted for most of the gain. Each of these commodity groups totaled more than $1 billion in 1965. Exports of rice and fruits and preparations rose substantially from a year earlier. Partially offsetting decreases occurred in exports of wheat, cotton, tobacco, dairy products, and animals and products (except dairy). Shipments under Government-financed programs, principally under P.L. 480 -- the Trade Assistance and Development Act of 1954, as amended -- fell 18 percent from the 1964 total, to $1,452 million. Exports under Government-financed programs made up only 23 percent of total exports -- the smallest proportion since the beginning of the P.L 480 programs in 1954.
description: Reprinted from Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States July 1966
The European dynamics: islamophobia, radical parties and European values : a critical analysis of current developments in Western Europe
Creators: name: Barvaeus, Hanna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: discrimination
Europe
Islam
radicalism
xenophobia

description: Second semester University: University of Seville
description: Europe has in the past few decades seen a rise in political parties whose agenda differs quite significantly from other established European political parties. The aim of these relatively new parties is to change aspects in society which they see as problematic, and which threaten the traditional European traditions and values. One such threat often pointed out by the parties is the growth of the Muslim minority in Europe. Anti-Muslim sentiments are frequently used in the political rhetoric of the parties, whose ideas are legitimised through increased hostility towards Muslims among Europeans in general. This paper will analyse the dynamics between the increased intolerance towards Muslims in Europe, the popularity of the parties who use anti-Islamic speech to gain popularity, and the possible effects on the European value system as stated by the European Union and the Council of Europe. The conclusion drawn is that core European values are threatened by increased European intolerance towards the Muslim minority, and if the situation is not taken seriously, the values by which Europe defines itself might be weakened in the future.
Empathy as the key to equality and human rights: an investigation of emphatys role in inter-group relations and discrimination
Creators: name: Schultz, Nadine
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: discrimination
equality
human rights
psychology

description: Second semester University: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan.
description: Human ability to reason has been credited extensively within the field of human rights for achieving equality, which is the basis for human rights. Human rights are traditionally a highly rational matter in scholarship. In fact, however, reason does not function without emotions. Equality depends on an emotional appeal. Empathy, a universal human faculty, can be seen as connecting individual minds via neurological processes. It is speculated therefore that it is through empathy and less through pure reason that another person is perceived as being equal – equal in the sense of being an equally sentient being. This leads to the theory that impaired empathy leads to discrimination. Discrimination usually occurs in inter-group relations. Identification with norms and ideas of collectives can lead to a reduced empathic view and exclusion of out-group members. An out-group member, here frequently called “the other”, is easily stereotyped, prejudiced and dehumanized. It can be assumed that it needs empathy to overcome discrimination, which is based on an “empathy gap”
Geodesics in nonexpanding impulsive gravitational waves with $Λ$, Part I
Creators: name: Sämann, Clemens
name: Steinbauer, Roland
name: Lecke, Alexander
name: Podolský, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C15, 83C35, 46F10, 34A36

description: We investigate the geodesics in the entire class of nonexpanding impulsive gravitational waves propagating in an (anti-)de Sitter universe using the distributional form of the metric. Employing a 5-dimensional embedding formalism and a general regularisation technique we prove existence and uniqueness of geodesics crossing the wave impulse leading to a completeness result. We also derive the explicit form of the geodesics thereby confirming previous results derived in a heuristic approach.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, minor revisions, included "Part I" in the title, final version
The Microfoundations of Inter-Group Rebel Cooperation
Creators: name: George, Tegan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Intuitively, rebel groups should ally, as this allows them to maximize their power and fighting efficiency against their target. Yet, groups do not always form alliances, and instead sometimes engage in inter-factional conflict. This raises the question: when and why does cooperation fail to materialize between rebel groups? Using micro-level studies of terrorism, I argue that the strength of groups is typically a function of resources or commodities (such as oil) and their ability to attract state sponsorship. I demonstrate that the access rebel groups have to these two factors— state sponsorship and access to natural resources— ultimately determines the success or failure of rebel alliances. I hypothesize that both access to lootable natural resources and access to state sponsorship leads to increased inter-group alliance, but state sponsorship is a much more powerful indicator of alliance than resources are. I test these hypotheses using a set of Middle Eastern conflicts as case studies, along with preliminary quantitative analysis, which is significant at the 0.013 level.
Benefits of sectarianism : Egypt's regime and the marginalisation of coptic christians
Creators: name: Spennati, Lavinia
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: integration
Copts
religious minorities
political aspects
social aspects
Egypt

description: Second semester University: University College, Dublin.
description: Since the rise of the military elite to the highest ranks of power, Egyptian Copts have seen their role progressively diminished in society and in the principal decision-making processes. The marginalisation of the Coptic community was influenced in particular by the collective shift to the centrality accorded to religious belonging. The division of society on sectarian lines has been strategically manipulated by the Egyptian regimes, which made use of the weak position of the religious minority in its relations with other key actors. The thesis analyses the socio-political processes that determined the marginalisation of Coptic citizens from the public sphere. In particular, the analysis investigates the mechanisms put in place by the Egyptian regime to consolidate its status quo and the consequences its policies had on the integration of the Coptic minority within the Egyptian system.
Measuring Emotional Contagion in Social Media
Creators: name: Ferrara, Emilio
name: Yang, Zeyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social media are used as main discussion channels by millions of individuals every day. The content individuals produce in daily social-media-based micro-communications, and the emotions therein expressed, may impact the emotional states of others. A recent experiment performed on Facebook hypothesized that emotions spread online, even in absence of non-verbal cues typical of in-person interactions, and that individuals are more likely to adopt positive or negative emotions if these are over-expressed in their social network. Experiments of this type, however, raise ethical concerns, as they require massive-scale content manipulation with unknown consequences for the individuals therein involved. Here, we study the dynamics of emotional contagion using Twitter. Rather than manipulating content, we devise a null model that discounts some confounding factors (including the effect of emotional contagion). We measure the emotional valence of content the users are exposed to before posting their own tweets. We determine that on average a negative post follows an over-exposure to 4.34% more negative content than baseline, while positive posts occur after an average over-exposure to 4.50% more positive contents. We highlight the presence of a linear relationship between the average emotional valence of the stimuli users are exposed to, and that of the responses they produce. We also identify two different classes of individuals: highly and scarcely susceptible to emotional contagion. Highly susceptible users are significantly less inclined to adopt negative emotions than the scarcely susceptible ones, but equally likely to adopt positive emotions. In general, the likelihood of adopting positive emotions is much greater than that of negative emotions.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
"I Had Dreaded Worse. I Had Dreaded He Was Mad": Reading the Intersections of Mental Illness and Masculinity in Jane Eyre
Creators: name: Warner-Gonzales, Avalon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Madness has long been an object of fascination in the cultural imagination,
constituting the focal point of many works of literature, television, and film. One of the
most famous examples of this trend is Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, the 1848 novel that
gave us the infamous “madwoman in the attic,” Bertha Mason. As we see exemplified in
Brontë’s representation of Bertha, the majority of works representing madness portray it
in a negative light. “Madness” as an ideological framework is more overtly couched in
cultural assumptions and deep-seated prejudices as compared to our current ideological
framework in place of “mental illness,” which relies more on a neutral and clinical stance
thanks to advances in neuroscience and psychology in the past century. The shift toward
this ostensibly neutral and objective modern psychology has its roots in the nineteenth
century, which acted as a transition into the period of advancements that took place in the
twentieth century. Thus, as a mid-nineteenth century novel, Jane Eyre straddles these
two ages, and arguably displays examples of both madness and mental illness.
The most obvious example is Bertha Mason, whose character is entirely based on
the conventions and discourses of “madness” from the preceding century. And, as much
salient scholarship has indicated, these discourses of madness are inexorably entangled
with those of gender, specifically those of femininity. As such, gender becomes another
critical lens for the investigations I conduct in this thesis. This brings us to the other side
of the coin: that of mental illness. If Bertha Mason represents madness and its
intersection with gender through the entanglement of femininity with madness, then our
other subject, our main subject, must be her counterpart. For this thesis, I will argue that
Edward Rochester can be read as mentally ill, and thus embodies a separate set of
discourses as compared to those that influence Bertha’s character. Reading Rochester as
mentally ill consequently forces us to consider similar implications that we do for Bertha
– that is, how does gender, specifically masculinity, figure into this reading. So, by
looking at Jane Eyre through an intersectional lens that takes into account the presence of
discourses on mental illness and masculinity, we open ourselves up to a reappraisal of the
novel’s treatment of gender politics, for gender politics are intrinsically in play when
contrasting these characters.
Solitonic spin-liquid state due to the violation of the Lifshitz condition in Fe$_{1+y}$Te
Creators: name: Materne, Ph.
name: Koz, C.
name: Rößler, U. K.
name: Doerr, M.
name: Goltz, T.
name: Klauss, H. H.
name: Schwarz, U.
name: Wirth, S.
name: Rößler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of phenomenological analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy experiments on the tetragonal Fe$_{1+y}$Te system indicates that the magnetic ordering transition in compounds with higher Fe-excess, $y\ge$ 0.11, is unconventional. Experimentally, a liquid-like magnetic precursor with quasi-static spin-order is found from significantly broadened Mössbauer spectra at temperatures above the antiferromagnetic transition. The incommensurate spin-density wave (SDW) order in Fe$_{1+y}$Te is described by a magnetic free energy that violates the weak Lifshitz condition in the Landau theory of second-order transitions. The presence of multiple Lifshitz invariants provides the mechanism to create multidimensional, twisted, and modulated solitonic phases.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Land restitution in conflict : obstructions to secure and effective land possession in Colombia, and formalization of property rights based in a land restitution programs and transitional justice
Creators: name: Peña Monroy, Omar
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: internally displaced persons
Colombia
land reform
peace processes
reparations
restitutions
right to property
transitional justice

description: Second semester University: Panteion University, Athens
description: The issue of land inequality was what provoked the agrarian conflict in Colombia. This in turn gave birth to the violence, guerrillas and paramilitary groups. Since the earliest fifties, the matter of land has been the purpose of the internal displacement in the country. The government has intended to confront this issue in multiple forms. The first attempt to solve the land inequality was through the establishment of land reform measures. Nonetheless, the government failed to do so. Subsequently, the aim of land restitution to internal displaced population was reflected through the first legal instrument of Transitional Justice in Colombia, the law 975 of 2005. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the obstructions and difficulties in the application of the victims and land restitution law 1448 of 2011. Furthermore, to identify the weaknesses that hinder to secure and effective land possession through the formalization of property rights, based in land restitution in conjunction to transitional justice. This research is founded in the development of the application of Transitional Justice, and the law 1448 of 2011, in relation to the process of land restitution for internal displaced population. Keywords: Land Conflict, Internal Displacement, Peace Process, Land Restitution, Transitional Justice, Colombia, Ethnic Communities, Victim Reparations, Law 1448 –2011, Peace Process.
title: Aula de Navegação de Goa
Creators: name: santiago faria, alice
Publisher: name: CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Year: 2022

description: Entrada histórica sobre a instituição Aula de Navegação de Goa, Índia na plataforma eViterbo
description: Faria, Alice Santiago. 2022. Aula de Navegação de Goa in eViterbo. CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. eISBN: 978-989-8492-77-7
Intergenerational Mobility and the Persistence of Shocks to Educational Attainment: Evidence from China
Creators: name: Chin, Jimmy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Social mobility is an issue of growing interest in an increasingly unequal China. This study provides new estimates of intergenerational earnings mobility in China from 1991 to 2015 using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). In addition, this study theoretically and empirically examines the intergenerational effects of shocks to educational attainment from historical events like the Great Chinese Famine. There are two main findings. First, prior estimates using the CHNS are downward biased because of measurement error. I find that mobility in China is lower than previously thought with IGE and rank slope estimates of approximately 0.5-0.6 for fathers and sons. Second, I find that schooling shocks in one generation exert significant direct and  intergenerational effects with respect to education and earnings. Both findings indicate that, despite growth from economic reforms, individual outcomes are still highly dependent on one's parental background.
Pressure-induced Superconductivity in the Iron-based Ladder Material BaFe2S3
Creators: name: Takahashi, Hiroki
name: Sugimoto, Akira
name: Nambu, Yusuke
name: Yamauchi, Touru
name: Hirata, Yasuyuki
name: Kawakami, Takateru
name: Avdeev, Maxim
name: Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki
name: Du, Fei
name: Kawashima, Chizuru
name: Soeda, Hideto
name: Nakano, Satoshi
name: Uwatoko, Yoshiya
name: Ueda, Yutaka
name: Sato, Taku J.
name: Ohgushi, Kenya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All the iron-based superconductors identified to date share a square lattice composed of Fe atoms as a common feature, despite having different crystal structures. In copper-based materials, the superconducting phase emerges not only in square lattice structures but also in ladder structures. Yet iron-based superconductors without a square lattice motif have not been found despite being actively sought out. Here, we report the discovery of pressure-induced superconductivity in the iron-based spin-ladder material BaFe2S3, a Mott insulator with striped-type magnetic ordering below ~120 K. On the application of pressure this compound exhibits a metal-insulator transition at about 11 GPa, followed by the appearance of superconductivity below Tc = 14 K, right after the onset of the metallic phase. Our findings indicate that iron-based ladder compounds represent promising material platforms, in particular for studying the fundamentals of iron-based superconductivity.
description: in Nature Materials, 20 July 2015
Local and Global Hierarchical Visual Processing in Nine- and Twelve-Month Old Infants
Creators: name: O'Brien, Margaret
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: According to previous research, it is thought that adults see objects in their perceptual worlds
first as global wholes before they notice aspects of objects’ local parts, and that infants see
objects first as local parts before mentally “assembling” them into global wholes. This previous
research suggests that there is a transition somewhere in infants’ first year from local-oriented
processing to the more adult-like global-oriented processing. Finding when this switch occurs
could be important in the field of research on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) because research
suggests children with ASD never make the switch and keep their local-oriented perceptual bias
as adults. This study used an infant-controlled habituation paradigm to assess local and global
biases of 9- and 12-month old infants in two different ways: 1) a visual habituation procedure
with images on a computer screen, and 2) a manual habituation procedure with physical toys.
Local versus Global preferences were assessed using three indexes: 1) visual habituation visual
attention, 2) manual habituation visual attention, and 3) manual habituation manual attention.
Local-Global scores were correlated with target free-play behaviors in order to determine if local
or global biases were reflected in naturalistic free-play. Although they were not statistically
significant, results suggest a slightly more global than local preference for 12-month-olds and a
slightly more local than global preference for 9-month-olds. There was also a trend for females
to become globally oriented earlier than males and for the global bias to start earlier in manual
than visual capacities. Correlations between processing style and free-play behaviors were also
found. Fingering of the free-play toy was significantly correlated with 9-month-old boys’ Local-
Global scores, and mouthing of the free-play toy was significantly correlated with 12-month-old
boy’s Local-Global scores. Although the Local-Global score results were not statistically
significant, the trends were very promising and consistent with previous research. The meaning
of the Local-Global scores’ correlations with free-play behaviors are unclear, but the found
relationship supports previous research suggesting local and global biases are reflected in free-play
behaviors.
Is the convergence of human development and human rights finally a real possibility? : the analysis of the European vision on development from a bidimensional perspective: the development and human rights based approaches
Creators: name: Contreras, Lucy
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: development
European Union
human rights

description: Second semester University: Université de Montpellier
description: This thesis analyses the document European Vision on Development that was published by European Commission in 2006 as part of the European Consensus on Development. This document contains shared values, objectives and principles that shall guide the activities of the Union and member states in the field of development cooperation policy on a basis of complementarity. The overarching objective is eradication of poverty and the achievement of millennium development goals in the context of sustainable development. The shared values, principles and objectives stated in the Vision have been reaffirmed by Treaty of Lisbon. This work examines the theoretical framework underlining the European Vision on development in the light of Human Development and the Human Rights Based Approach to development to find out how far the EU development policy consider the indivisibility of rights and therefore the promotion of economic, social and cultural rights in its development policy. The main premise is that if sustainable development and the eradication of poverty are to be achieved, there has to be a combined strategy between the concept of human development and respect for human rights, crucial in the current context of global poverty that evidence massive violations of economic and social rights.