cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Directional takeoff, aerial righting, and adhesion landing of semiaquatic springtails
Creators: name: Ortega-Jimenez, Victor M.
name: Challita, Elio J.
name: Kim, Baekgyeom
name: Ko, Hungtang
name: Gwon, Minseok
name: Koh, Je-Sung
name: Bhamla, M. Saad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Springtails (Collembola) have been traditionally portrayed as explosive jumpers with incipient directional takeoff and uncontrolled landing. However, for these collembolans who live near the water, such skills are crucial for evading a host of voracious aquatic and terrestrial predators. We discover that semiaquatic springtails Isotomurus retardatus can perform directional jumps, rapid aerial righting, and near-perfect landing on the water surface. They achieve these locomotive controls by adjusting their body attitude and impulse during takeoff, deforming their body in mid-air, and exploiting the hydrophilicity of their ventral tube, known as collophore. Experiments and mathematical modeling indicate that directional-impulse control during takeoff is driven by the collophores adhesion force, the body angle, and the stroke duration produced by their jumping organ, the furcula. In mid-air, springtails curve their bodies to form a U-shape pose, which leverages aerodynamic forces to right themselves in less than 20 ms, the fastest ever measured in animals. A stable equilibrium is facilitated by the water adhered to the collophore. Aerial righting was confirmed by placing springtails in a vertical wind tunnel and through physical models. Due to these aerial responses, springtails land on their ventral side 85% of the time while anchoring via the collophore on the water surface to avoid bouncing. We validated the springtail biophysical principles in a bioinspired jumping robot that reduces in-flight rotation and lands upright 75% of the time. Thus, contrary to common belief, these wingless hexapods can jump, skydive and land with outstanding control that can be fundamental for survival.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Release kinetics from porous xerogels determined by sol-gel synthesis, porous nanostructure and immersion
Creators: name: H. Qu
name: S. Radin
name: P. Ducheyne
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: sol-gel
controlled release
nanostructure
in vitro

description: Room temperature processed silica sol-gel materials are bioresorbable, biocompatible, controlled release materials. The benefits of porous xerogels for the controlled delivery of drugs have been well documented. However, the relationship among synthesis conditions, nanostructure, and release kinetics has not been addressed in any significant way. This relationship needs to be thoroughly analyzed in order to control release kinetics precisely. We address this relationship among synthesis, nanostructure and drug release kinetics of xerogels. The effects of sol-gel process parameters such as solvent (for drug introduction), pH of the sol, water to alkoxide molar ratio R, and drug payload on xerogel nanostructure and release kinetics were determined. Using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) sorption analysis, it is shown that the above mentioned processing parameters affect the nanostructure of xerogels. Varying solvent and pH of the sol produces xerogels with different specific surface areas and pore volumes. Both the specific surface area and pore volume vary linearly with water to alkoxide ratio. The Higuchi rate coefficient as a measure for release kinetics is linearly related with variations of these parameters associated with the nanostructure. It is noteworthy that the porous xerogel appeared non-porous with negligible specific surface area and pore volume when drug was introduced. The release kinetics varied linearly with drug payload. Thus, high drug payload into xerogels results in pore filling, but the pore filling does not affect release kinetics. There are also nanostructural variations, mainly silica restructuring, arising from immersion. Release kinetics can be estimated by drug payload and the nanostructural parameters which vary with sol-gel synthesis. A general equation that takes into consideration the effects of both nanostructure and drug payload on release kinetics is formulated.
Multilayered bioactive composite coatings with drug delivery capability by electrophoretic deposition combined with layer-by-layer deposition
Creators: name: Q. Chen
name: Y. Liu
name: Q. Q. Yao
name: K. Zheng
name: M. Pischetsrieder
name: A. R. Boccaccini
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: electrophoretic deposition
multilayer
hydroxyapatite
lysozyme
polyelectrolyte
drug delivery

description: A combination of electrophoretic deposition and layer-by-layer deposition was applied to fabricate multilayered bioactive coatings consisting of hydroxyapatite and biodegradable polymers including alginate, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol. The bottom layer, namely hydroxyapatite/alginate composite, was deposited onto stainless steel substrates by one-step electrophoretic deposition. The second layer made of alginate and polyvinyl alcohol was also deposited by electrophoretic deposition, and then layer-by-layer was introduced for the deposition of chitosan and alginate layers. A range of characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser profilometer were used to evaluate the compositional and microstructural properties of the deposited multilayer coatings. The coatings showed a stable degradation rate, and superior bioactivity due to the presence of hydroxyapatite in the bottom layer. Furthermore, the burst release of lysozyme, which was selected as a model actibacterial agent in this study, was significantly suppressed and a sustained release up to 14 days was obtained. Cell viability and antibacterial tests of lysozyme-loaded multilayer coatings were carried out to confirm the suitability of the proposed coating system for multifunctional modification of opthopaedic implants and to validate the coating techniques involved.
Small molecule BDNF mimetics activate TrkB signaling and prevent neuronal degeneration in rodents
Creators: name: Massa, Stephen M.
name: Yang, Tao
name: Nehama, Dean
name: Joyce, Jeffrey N.
name: Rajadas, Jayakumar
name: Xie, Youmei
name: Longo, Frank M.
name: Bilgen, Mehmet
name: Shi, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activates the receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) with high potency and specificity, promoting neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic function. Correlations between altered BDNF expression and/or function and mechanism(s) underlying numerous neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer disease and traumatic brain injury, suggest that TrkB agonists might have therapeutic potential. Using in silico screening with a BDNF loop–domain pharmacophore, followed by low-throughput in vitro screening in mouse fetal hippocampal neurons, we have efficiently identified small molecules with nanomolar neurotrophic activity specific to TrkB versus other Trk family members. Neurotrophic activity was dependent on TrkB and its downstream targets, although compound-induced signaling activation kinetics differed from those triggered by BDNF. A selected prototype compound demonstrated binding specificity to the extracellular domain of TrkB. In in vitro models of neurodegenerative disease, it prevented neuronal degeneration with efficacy equal to that of BDNF, and when administered in vivo, it caused hippocampal and striatal TrkB activation in mice and improved motor learning after traumatic brain injury in rats. These studies demonstrate the utility of loop modeling in drug discovery and reveal what we believe to be the first reported small molecules derived from a targeted BDNF domain that specifically activate TrkB.We propose that these compounds constitute a novel group of tools for the study of TrkB signaling and may provide leads for developing new therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
Gene therapy by allele selection in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia
Creators: name: Kyba, Michael
name: Hatada, Seigo
name: Eckardt, Sigrid
name: Yanchik, Ashley
name: McLaughlin, K. John
name: Leu, N. Adrian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: To be of therapeutic use, autologous stem cells derived from patients with inherited genetic disorders require genetic modification via gene repair or insertion. Here, we present proof of principle that, for diseases associated with dominant alleles (gain-of-function or haploinsufficient loss-of-function), disease allele–free ES cells can be derived from afflicted individuals without genome manipulation. This approach capitalizes on the derivation of uniparental cells, such as parthenogenetic (PG) ES cell lines from disease allele–free gametes. Diploid mammalian uniparental embryos with only maternally (oocyte-) or paternally (sperm-)derived genomes fail early in development due to the nonequivalence of parental genomes caused by genomic imprinting. However, these uniparental embryos develop to the blastocyst stage, allowing the derivation of ES cell lines. Using a mouse model for dominant beta-thalassemia, we developed disease allele–free PG ES cell lines from the oocytes of affected animals. Phenotype correction was obtained in donor-genotype recipients after transplantation of in vitro hematopoietic ES cell derivatives. This genetic correction strategy without gene targeting is potentially applicable to any dominant disease. It could also be the sole approach for larger or more complex mutations that cannot be corrected by homologous recombination.
Fibrin-based hydrogel scaffolds for controlling cell-matrix interaction in vascular tissue engineering
Creators: name: I. Mironi-Harpaz
name: S. Zigerson
name: D. Seliktar
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: fibrinogen
endothelial cells
hydrogels
biomaterials
vascular grafts
angiogenesis
tissue engineering

description: Hydrogel biomaterials are used as scaffolds in vascular tissue engineering with the purpose of creating tissue mimics as replacement blood vessels. A tissue engineered vascular construct must be capable of supporting the growth and proliferation of different cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the use of a biocomposite hydrogel biomaterial for vascular tissue engineering, made from a network of fibrillar fibrin and amorphous semisynthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) fibrinogen. Both phases of the biocomposite provide distinct biophysical interactions between the material and the cultivated vascular cells. Several properties of the tissue engineered vascular constructs were controlled, including the scaffold composition (fibrin versus PEG-fibrinogen), matrix mechanical properties (shear storage modulus), and cell composition. The constructs were grown for up to 7 days in vitro, and examined by fluorescence microscopy for cell viability and cell morphogenesis. The endothelial cells survived poorly in the absence of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts on the PEG-fibrinogen hydrogels. The fibrillar fibrin constituent promoted better survival and spreading of the endothelial cells on top of the scaffold, even in the absence of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. The greatest impact on endothelial cell viability and spreading was observed with the highest fibrin concentrations. The mechanical properties of the composite, as well as different crosslinking protocols had a minor influence on the morphology and longevity of the endothelial cells. However, the addition of PEG-fibrinogen to the fibrin decreased the matrix degradation rate, supporting endothelial cell morphogenesis for longer durations. In conclusion we have demonstrated that a biocomposite fibrin-based material, containing both fibrillar and amorphous phases, may be optimized to enhance endothelial cell survival in vascular tissue engineering.
Measuring the shock-heating rate in the winds of O stars using X-ray line spectra
Creators: name: Cohen, David H.
name: Li, Zequn
name: Gayley, Kenneth G.
name: Owocki, Stanley P.
name: Sundqvist, Jon O.
name: Petit, Veronique
name: Leutenegger, Maurice A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for using measured X-ray emission line fluxes from O stars to determine the shock-heating rate due to instabilities in their radiation-driven winds. The high densities of these winds means that their embedded shocks quickly cool by local radiative emission, while cooling by expansion should be negligible. Ignoring for simplicity any non-radiative mixing or conductive cooling, the method presented here exploits the idea that the cooling post-shock plasma systematically passes through the temperature characteristic of distinct emission lines in the X-ray spectrum. In this way, the observed flux distribution among these X-ray lines can be used to construct the cumulative probability distribution of shock strengths that a typical wind parcel encounters as it advects through the wind. We apply this new method (Gayley 2014) to Chandra grating spectra from five O stars with X-ray emission indicative of embedded wind shocks in effectively single massive stars. Correcting for wind absorption of the X-ray line emission is a crucial component of our analysis, and we use wind optical depth values derived from X-ray line-profile fitting (Cohen et al. 2014) in order to make that correction. The shock-heating rate results we derive for all the stars are quite similar: the average wind mass element passes through roughly one shock that heats it to at least $10^6$ K as it advects through the wind, and the cumulative distribution of shock strengths is a strongly decreasing function of temperature, consistent with a negative power-law of index $n \approx 3$, implying a marginal distribution of shock strengths that scales as $T^{-4}$, and with hints of an even steeper decline or cut-off above $10^7$ K.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures (5 color); MNRAS in press
Essential criteria that must be met by novel biomaterials prior to further in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation
Creators: name: R. E. Unger
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: biomaterial
nanoparticle
endotoxin
sterility
cell toxicity
biocompatibility testing
nanotoxicity

description: The development of biomaterials for use in humans has expanded at an ever increasing rate in the last 20 years. It is essential for the further evaluation of efficacy in in vitro model systems and for use in animal or eventual human patients that the materials used are sterile, free of cell-toxic compounds and free of endotoxin. Many of the biomaterials are being developed in university or small laboratories without access to large cell biology laboratories that will have the facilities or methodology to routinely screen samples to evaluate them for these factors. In this study three methods are described for rapidly testing samples for sterility, cell toxicity and the presence of endotoxin that only require equipment normally found in the most basic of cell biology laboratories. Not only are these methods useful for screening the end product, but they can also be used at any step of the manufacturing process to determine the origin and location of possible contaminations.
Heavy singly charged Higgs bosons and inverse seesaw neutrinos as origins of large $(g-2)_{e,μ}$ in two higgs doublet models
Creators: name: Hue, L. T.
name: Hernández, A. E. Cárcamo
name: Long, H. N.
name: Hong, T. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that simple extensions of two Higgs doublet models consisting of new heavy neutrinos and a singly charged Higgs boson singlet can successfully explain the experimental data on muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments thanks to large chirally-enhanced one-loop level contributions. These contributions arise from the large couplings of inverse seesaw neutrinos with singly charged Higgs bosons and right-handed charged leptons. The regions of parameter space satisfying the experimental data on $(g-2)_{e,μ}$ anomalies allow heavy singly charged Higgs boson masses above the TeV scale, provided that heavy neutrino masses are above few hundred GeV, the non-unitary part of the active neutrino mixing matrix must be large enough, two singly charged Higgs bosons are non degenerate, and the mixing between singly charged Higgs bosons must be non-zero.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures. Numerical results were corrected. New references were added. Version accepted for publication in NPB
Podmiotowość prawa w państwie konstytucyjnym.pdf
Creators: name: Mroziński, Juliusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 480702
subject: Constitutional law

description: The purpose of the study is to show the law - on the one hand perceived as a self-contained system, on the other hand as a socio-cultural fact - in the role of a subject co-creating the society and the state. Considerations include the perspective of the structural relationship of law with the state, as well as with the system of social norms, with culture and with the international normative system.
Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice
Creators: name: Rogan, Sarah C.
name: Maratos-Flier, Eleftheria
name: Krashes, Michael J.
name: Adams, Andrew C.
name: Ye, ChianPing
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Cusher, Daniel S.
name: Koda, Shuichi
name: Lowell, Bradford B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Several different neuronal populations are involved in regulating energy homeostasis. Among these, agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons are thought to promote feeding and weight gain; however, the evidence supporting this view is incomplete. Using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) technology to provide specific and reversible regulation of neuronal activity in mice, we have demonstrated that acute activation of AgRP neurons rapidly and dramatically induces feeding, reduces energy expenditure, and ultimately increases fat stores. All these effects returned to baseline after stimulation was withdrawn. In contrast, inhibiting AgRP neuronal activity in hungry mice reduced food intake. Together, these findings demonstrate that AgRP neuron activity is both necessary and sufficient for feeding. Of interest, activating AgRP neurons potently increased motivation for feeding and also drove intense food-seeking behavior, demonstrating that AgRP neurons engage brain sites controlling multiple levels of feeding behavior. Due to its ease of use and suitability for both acute and chronic regulation, DREADD technology is ideally suited for investigating the neural circuits hypothesized to regulate energy balance.
Spatiotemporal trafficking of HIV in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells defines a persistently IFN-α–producing and partially matured phenotype
Creators: name: Levy, David
name: Rolnitzky, Linda
name: Bhardwaj, Nina
name: O’Brien, Meagan
name: Wang, Yaming
name: Sabado, Rachel Lubong
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Jimenez Baranda, Sonia
name: Marie, Isabelle
name: Markowitz, Martin
name: Manches, Olivier
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are innate immune cells that are specialized to produce IFN-α and to activate adaptive immune responses. Although IFN-α inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro, the production of IFN-α by HIV-activated pDCs in vivo may contribute more to HIV pathogenesis than to protection. We have now shown that HIV-stimulated human pDCs allow for persistent IFN-α production upon repeated stimulation, express low levels of maturation molecules, and stimulate weak T cell responses. Persistent IFN-α production by HIV-stimulated pDCs correlated with increased levels of IRF7 and was dependent upon the autocrine IFN-α/β receptor feedback loop. Because it has been shown that early endosomal trafficking of TLR9 agonists causes strong activation of the IFN-α pathway but weak activation of the NF-κB pathway, we sought to investigate whether early endosomal trafficking of HIV, a TLR7 agonist, leads to the IFN-α–producing phenotype we observed. We demonstrated that HIV preferentially traffics to the early endosome in human pDCs and therefore skews pDCs toward a partially matured, persistently IFN-α–secreting phenotype.
Elastocapillary coalescence of plates and pillars
Creators: name: Wei, Zhiyan
name: Schneider, Tobias
name: Kim, Jungchul
name: Kim, Ho-Young
name: Aizenberg, Joanna
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a fluid-immersed array of lamellae or filaments that is attached to a substrate is dried, evaporation leads to the formation of menisci on the tips of the plates or pillars that bring them together. Similarly, when hair dries it clumps together due to capillary forces induced by the liquid menisci between the flexible hairs. Building on prior experimental observations, we use a combination of theory and computation to understand the nature of this instability and its evolution in both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional setting of the problem. For the case of lamellae, we explicitly derive the interaction torques based on the relevant physical parameters. A Bloch-wave analysis for our periodic mechanical system captures the critical volume of the liquid and the 2-plate-collapse eigenmode at the onset of instability. We study the evolution of clusters and their arrest using numerical simulations to explain the hierarchical cluster formation and characterize the sensitive dependence of the final structures on the initial perturbations. We then generalize our analysis to treat the problem of pillar collapse in 3D, where the fluid domain is completely connected and the interface is a surface with the uniform mean curvature. Our theory and simulations capture the salient features of both previous experimental observations and our own in terms of the key parameters that can be used to control the kinetics of the process.
Corrosion resistance of silicon-modified nitinol in artificial physiological solutions
Creators: name: A. I. Lotkov
name: S. G. Psakhie
name: L. L. Meisner
name: A. V. Korshunov
name: S. N. Meisner
name: V. M. Diamant
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: nitinol
ion implantation
silicon-modified surface
artificial physiological solutions
corrosion

description: Electrochemical methods were used to investigate the corrosion resistance of nitinol specimens modified with silicon by ion implantation (fluence 2 • 1017 ions/cm2). After ion beam treatment, nickel concentration in the surface layer is significantly reduced up to ~20 nm deep and a silicon-containing layer is formed at the depth of 10...80 nm with the maximum concentration of 30 at % at the depth of 30...35 nm. The breakdown (pitting) potential Eh of such NiTi-Si specimens in 0.9% NaCl physiological solution and in artificial blood plasma is ~0.9 V (Ag/AgCl/ KC1 sat.) which is much higher than Eh of test specimens subjected to mechanical, chemical or electrochemical treatment. It is shown that under potentiostatic conditions at Eb the NiTi-Si specimen surface is stable to failure and does not exhibit pitting, spotting or microcracking. The comparison of corrosion test results with the cyclic voltammetry data for NiTi, Ti and Ni as well as with thermodynamic calculations demonstrates that the surface of the modified NiTi-Si specimens has enhanced stability with respect to the release of nickel ions into solutions.
The role of lipid droplets in metabolic disease in rodents and humans
Creators: name: Miyoshi, Hideaki
name: Kraemer, Fredric B.
name: Puri, Vishwajeet
name: Mashek, Douglas G.
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: McManaman, James L.
name: Greenberg, Andrew S.
name: Yan, Qing-Wu
name: Obin, Martin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids within cells. Over the last two decades there has been a dramatic growth in our understanding of LD biology and, in parallel, our understanding of the role of LDs in health and disease. In its simplest form, the LD regulates the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids, including triacylglycerol and/or cholesterol esters. It is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of LD physiology and metabolism influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In this review we provide an update on the role of LD-associated proteins and LDs in metabolic disease.
Survival of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR1338 in a synbiotic-supplemented plant-based protein powder under various pH and temperatures
Creators: name: Kantiya Petsong
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2024
Subjects: Plant-based protein powder
Synbiotic
Encapsulation
Harsh conditions
Stability

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 29, 5, 2 (10 pages)
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (62)]
Creators: name: De Caualio, Simon
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1424
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: In einem Rechtsstreit zwischen Simon de Caualio, Sohn des verstorbenen Johaninus, bzw. dessen Prokurator Nicolinus Abzalandina auf der einen und Machinus de Boxio, Sohn des verstorbenen Antonius, bzw. dessen Prokurator auf der anderen Seite um die Tilgung der Schulden des Simon bei Machinus verweist Simon auf deren Hinterlegung in Gegenwart des Antonius de Prinis, seinerzeit Notar des commissarius Jacobus de Mede, am 12. Mai 1422.
Epoxyeicosanoids stimulate multiorgan metastasis and tumor dormancy escape in mice
Creators: name: Butterfield, Catherine E.
name: Huang, Sui
name: Yang, Jun
name: Mammoto, Akiko
name: Schwendener, Reto A.
name: Short, Sarah M.
name: Mammoto, Tadanori
name: Seth, Meetu
name: Kieran, Mark W.
name: Dudley, Andrew C.
name: Lih, Fred B.
name: Zeldin, Darryl C.
name: Kaipainen, Arja
name: Bielenberg, Diane R.
name: Benny, Ofra
name: Ingber, Donald E.
name: Scherer-Pietramaggiori, Sandra S.
name: Luria, Ayala
name: Pietramaggiori, Giorgio
name: Lee, Craig R.
name: Hammock, Bruce D.
name: Falck, John R.
name: Manthati, Vijaya L.
name: D’Amore, Patricia A.
name: Greene, Emily R.
name: Panigrahy, Dipak
name: Tomer, Kenneth B.
name: Barnés, Carmen M.
name: Vergilio, Jo-Anne
name: Edin, Matthew L.
name: Chaponis, Deviney M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are small molecules produced by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. They are lipid mediators that act as autocrine or paracrine factors to regulate inflammation and vascular tone. As a result, drugs that raise EET levels are in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension and many other diseases. However, despite their pleiotropic effects on cells, little is known about the role of these epoxyeicosanoids in cancer. Here, using genetic and pharmacological manipulation of endogenous EET levels, we demonstrate that EETs are critical for primary tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, we found that EETs stimulated extensive multiorgan metastasis and escape from tumor dormancy in several tumor models. This systemic metastasis was not caused by excessive primary tumor growth but depended on endothelium-derived EETs at the site of metastasis. Administration of synthetic EETs recapitulated these results, while EET antagonists suppressed tumor growth and metastasis, demonstrating in vivo that pharmacological modulation of EETs can affect cancer growth. Furthermore, inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the enzyme that metabolizes EETs, elevated endogenous EET levels and promoted primary tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, our data indicate a central role for EETs in tumorigenesis, offering a mechanistic link between lipid signaling and cancer and emphasizing the critical importance of considering possible effects of EET-modulating drugs on cancer.
LAPPD operation using ToFPETv2 PETSYS ASIC
Creators: name: Seljak, A.
name: Bračko, M.
name: Dolenec, R.
name: Križan, P.
name: Lozar, A.
name: Pestotnik, R.
name: Korpar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single photon sensitive detectors used in high energy physics are, in some applications, required to cover areas the size of several m2, and more specifically in very strong demand with15 an ever finer imaging and timing capability for Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (RICH) configurations. We are evaluating the Large Area Picosecond Photo-detector (LAPPD) produced by INCOM company, as a possible candidate for future RICH detector upgrades. In this work we perform tests on the second generation device, which is capacitively coupled to a custom designed anode back plane, consisting of various pixels and strips varying in size, that allows for connecting various readout systems such as standard laboratory equipment, as well as the TOFPET2 ASIC from PETsys company. Our aim is to evaluate what can be achieved by merging currently available technology, in order to find directions for future developments adapted for specific uses.
description: Twepp 2022 workshop proceedings
Experimental Characterization of the Energetics of Low-temperature Surface Reactions
Creators: name: Henning, Thomas K.
name: Krasnokutski, Serge A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrochemical surface reactions are thought to be responsible for the formation of complex organic molecules, which are of potential importance for the origin of life. In a situation, when the chemical composition of dust surfaces is not precisely known, the fundamental knowledge concerning such reactions gains significance. We describe an experimental technique, which can be used to measure the energy released in reactions of a single pair of reactants. These data can be directly compared with the results of quantum chemical computations leading to unequivocal conclusions regarding the reaction pathways and the presence of energy barriers. It allows for predicting the outcomes of astrochemical surface reactions with higher accuracy compared to that achieved based on gas-phase studies. However, for the highest accuracy, some understanding of the catalytic influence of specific surfaces on the reactions is required. The new method was applied to study the reactions of C atoms with H2, O2, and C2H2. The formation of HCH, CO + O, and triplet cyclic-C3H2 products has been revealed, correspondingly.
Fast Scalable Image Restoration using Total Variation Priors and Expectation Propagation
Creators: name: Yao, Dan
name: McLaughlin, Stephen
name: Altmann, Yoann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a scalable approximate Bayesian method for image restoration using total variation (TV) priors. In contrast to most optimization methods based on maximum a posteriori estimation, we use the expectation propagation (EP) framework to approximate minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimators and marginal (pixel-wise) variances, without resorting to Monte Carlo sampling. For the classical anisotropic TV-based prior, we also propose an iterative scheme to automatically adjust the regularization parameter via expectation-maximization (EM). Using Gaussian approximating densities with diagonal covariance matrices, the resulting method allows highly parallelizable steps and can scale to large images for denoising, deconvolution and compressive sensing (CS) problems. The simulation results illustrate that such EP methods can provide a posteriori estimates on par with those obtained via sampling methods but at a fraction of the computational cost. Moreover, EP does not exhibit strong underestimation of posteriori variances, in contrast to variational Bayes alternatives.
description: 14 pages
Modelling of dislocation generation and interaction during high-speed deformation of metals
Creators: name: Schiøtz, J.
name: Leffers, T.
name: Singh, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments by Kiritani et al. have revealed a surprisingly high rate of vacancy production during high-speed deformation of thin foils of fcc metals. Virtually no dislocations are seen after the deformation. This is interpreted as evidence for a dislocation-free deformation mechanism at very high strain rates. We have used molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate high-speed deformation of copper crystals. Even though no pre-existing dislocation sources are present in the initial system, dislocations are quickly nucleated and a very high dislocation density is reached during the deformation. Due to the high density of dislocations, many inelastic interactions occur between dislocations, resulting in the generation of vacancies. After the deformation, a very high density of vacancies is observed, in agreement with the experimental observations. The processes responsible for the generation of vacancies are investigated. The main process is found to be incomplete annihilation of segments of edge dislocations on adjacent slip planes. The dislocations are also seen to be participating in complicated dislocation reactions, where sessile dislocation segments are constantly formed and destroyed.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX2e + PS figures. Presented at the Third Workshop on High-speed Plastic Deformation, Hiroshima, August 2000
Titanium nitride-based coatings on implantable medical devices
Creators: name: I. Gotman
name: E. Y. Gutmanas
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: titanium nitride (TiN)
physical vapor deposition (PVD)
diffusion coating
powder immersion reaction assisted coating (PIRAC)
adhesion
artificial joints
wear simulation tests
titanium nitride oxide (TiNOX)
blood-contacting properties
stents

description: Physical and chemical surface properties play an important role in the performance and clinical success of implantable devices. Once a prosthetic device is implanted, its surface becomes a site of various biochemical reactions and bacterial adhesion, as well micromotion and gross sliding. All these events can contribute to a less than optimal host response and eventually lead to the prosthesis failure. Creation of a surface coating is an attractive approach to alter the interaction of the implant with its surroundings since it allows modification of surface characteristics without changing the bulk material properties. Titanium nitride hard coatings have a long history of clinical use, especially on bearing surfaces of joint replacements. Moreover, there is an accumulating body of evidence suggesting that titanium nitride-based thin layers applied to non-articulating surfaces of various orthopaedic and blood-contacting implants result in improved clinical outcomes. Beyond the biological and functional requirements, a durable coating must strongly adhere to the device, i.e. be mechanically and chemically compatible with the substrate. The coating method (deposition vs. diffusion) has an important role to play in the adhesion of titanium nitride films. This paper is an overview of the current state-of-the-art of titanium nitride-based coatings on medical implants, methods of their deposition, in vitro properties, in vivo behavior and clinical performance.
Influence of the Electronic Chaotic Motion on the Fusion Dynamics at Astrophysical Energies
Creators: name: Kimura, Sachie
name: Bonasera, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform semi-classical molecular dynamics simulations of screening by bound electrons in low energy nuclear reactions. In our simulations quantum effects corresponding to the Pauli and Heisenberg principle are enforced by constraints. In addition to the well known adiabatic and sudden limits, we propose a new "dissipative limit" which is expected to be important not only at high energies but in the extremely low energy region. The dissipative limit is associated with the chaotic behavior of the electronic motion. It affects also the magnitude of the enhancement factor. We discuss also numerical experiments using polarized targets. The derived enhancement factors in our simulation are in agreement with those extracted within the $R$-matrix approach.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Monocyte tissue factor–dependent activation of coagulation in hypercholesterolemic mice and monkeys is inhibited by simvastatin
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephanie M.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Rudel, Lawrence
name: Dutton, Julie-Ann
name: Temel, Ryan E.
name: Johns, Douglas G.
name: Moriarty, Patrick M.
name: Hubbard, Brian K.
name: Furie, Bruce
name: Furie, Barbara C.
name: Kirchhofer, Daniel
name: Daugherty, Alan
name: Williams, Julie C.
name: Owens, A. Phillip
name: Tobias, Peter S.
name: Luyendyk, James P.
name: Nagarajan, Shanmugam
name: McDaniel, Allison L.
name: Antoniak, Silvio
name: Passam, Freda H.
name: Curtiss, Linda K.
name: Wang, Jianguo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. It also is associated with platelet hyperactivity, which increases morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms by which hypercholesterolemia produces a procoagulant state remain undefined. Atherosclerosis is associated with accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins within atherosclerotic lesions. Small quantities of oxidized lipoproteins are also present in the circulation of patients with coronary artery disease. We therefore hypothesized that hypercholesterolemia leads to elevated levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in plasma and that this induces expression of the procoagulant protein tissue factor (TF) in monocytes. In support of this hypothesis, we report here that oxLDL induced TF expression in human monocytic cells and monocytes. In addition, patients with familial hypercholesterolemia had elevated levels of plasma microparticle (MP) TF activity. Furthermore, a high-fat diet induced a time-dependent increase in plasma MP TF activity and activation of coagulation in both LDL receptor–deficient mice and African green monkeys. Genetic deficiency of TF in bone marrow cells reduced coagulation in hypercholesterolemic mice, consistent with a major role for monocyte-derived TF in the activation of coagulation. Similarly, a deficiency of either TLR4 or TLR6 reduced levels of MP TF activity. Simvastatin treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice and monkeys reduced oxLDL, monocyte TF expression, MP TF activity, activation of coagulation, and inflammation, without affecting total cholesterol levels. Our results suggest that the prothrombotic state associated with hypercholesterolemia is caused by oxLDL-mediated induction of TF expression in monocytes via engagement of a TLR4/TLR6 complex.
Meta Heusser-Schweizer an Regina Heusser-von Flugi
Creators: name: Heusser-Schweizer, Meta
name: Heusser, Meta Luise
name: Heusser, Regula
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1872

description: Enthält zwei weitere Briefe, die als Beilage retourniert werden: Regula [Ega] Heusser an Regina Heusser-von Flugi und Meta Heusser an Regina Heusser-von Flugi. / Textincipit: "Liebe theure Regina! / So steht es denn ganz so um unsern geliebten Kna- / ben, wie meine Herzensangst es mir sagte, in / welcher ich gestern Abend noch die telegraphi- / sche Frage an Dich richtete, [...]"
Soft QCD Effects in VBS/VBF Topologies
Creators: name: Bittrich, Carsten
name: Kirchgaeßer, Patrick
name: Papaefstathiou, Andreas
name: Plätzer, Simon
name: Todt, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the impact of multi-parton interactions, colour reconnection and hadronization on the modeling of vector boson fusion and vector boson scattering (VBS) final states at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We investigate how the variation of the model parameters, compatible with a reasonable spread of predictions around typical tuning observables, extrapolates into the VBS phase space. We study the implications of this variation on the total uncertainty budget attached to realistic simulation of the final states in current event generator predictions. We find that the variations have a non-trivial phase space dependence and become comparable in size to the perturbative uncertainties once next-to-leading order predictions are combined with parton shower evolution.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Additional figures can be found at: https://cern.ch/apapaefs/VBSQCD/
Conrad Menzel an Theodor Heusser-von Flugi
Creators: name: Menzel, Konrad
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1872

description: Textincipit: "Lieber Freund! / Wir sind in Gedanken so viel bei Euch, daß wir / gern auch diese Gedanken aussprechen, zumal da / die Nachrichten, welche uns soeben dein Gehülfe / gebracht hat, nicht die besten sind. [...]"
Long-period surface motion of the multi-patch Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Creators: name: Psimoulis, P.
name: Houlie, N.
name: Meindl, M.
name: Rothacher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to capture the oscillatory ground motion induced by the Tohoku-Oki event for periods ranging from 3 to 100s using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). We find that the ground motions of the sedimentary basins of Japan were large (respectively > 0.15m/s and >0.15m/s2 for velocity and acceleration) even for periods larger than 3s. We compare geodetic observables with a Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) designed for Japan seismicity and find that the Spectral Acceleration (SA) is well estimated for periods larger than 3s and distances ranging from 100 to 500km. At last, through the analysis of the displacement attenuation plots, we show that the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event is likely composed of multiple rupture patches as suggested before by time-reversal inversions of seismic data.
description: accepted, Geophysical Journal International, 2014
New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis
Creators: name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Venous thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries, especially in the elderly. Many risk factors have been identified for venous thrombosis that alter blood flow, activate the endothelium, and increase blood coagulation. However, the precise mechanisms that trigger clotting in large veins have not been fully elucidated. The most common site for initiation of the thrombus appears to be the valve pocket sinus, due to its tendency to become hypoxic. Activation of endothelial cells by hypoxia or possibly inflammatory stimuli would lead to surface expression of adhesion receptors that facilitate the binding of circulating leukocytes and microvesicles. Subsequent activation of the leukocytes induces expression of the potent procoagulant protein tissue factor that triggers thrombosis. Understanding the mechanisms of venous thrombosis may lead to the development of new treatments.
Bioactive bone substitution materials
Creators: name: S. Chernousova
name: M. Epple
Publisher: name: Advanced Biomaterials and Devices in Medicine
Year: 2014
Subjects: bone
polymers
ceramics
bone substitution
trauma surgery
bioactivity
tissue engineering
calcium phosphate
polylactide
metals

description: The replacement of lost bone is an old, but nevertheless unsolved clinical problem. Different approaches are known, ranging from bone transplants to fully synthetic biomaterials. In between are biomaterial-cell constructs where a patient’s cells are harvested and then expanded in a bioreactor to a reimplantable device. Modern approaches like rapid prototyping, tissue engineering and cell printing open new horizons, but regulatory issues and the costs for the health system represent obstacles for a widespread clinical use. More traditional approaches involve classical biomaterials like calcium phosphate, biodegradable polymers, and porous metals. They do not possess the same properties as natural bone, but they are approved and routinely applied in the clinical practice. Their chemical functionalization may enhance their biological activity and promote bone ongrowth and ingrowth.
Estimating Potential Outcome Distributions with Collaborating Causal Networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Tianhui
name: Carson, William E
name: Carlson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional causal inference approaches leverage observational study data to estimate the difference in observed and unobserved outcomes for a potential treatment, known as the Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE). However, CATE corresponds to the comparison on the first moment alone, and as such may be insufficient in reflecting the full picture of treatment effects. As an alternative, estimating the full potential outcome distributions could provide greater insights. However, existing methods for estimating treatment effect potential outcome distributions often impose restrictive or simplistic assumptions about these distributions. Here, we propose Collaborating Causal Networks (CCN), a novel methodology which goes beyond the estimation of CATE alone by learning the full potential outcome distributions. Estimation of outcome distributions via the CCN framework does not require restrictive assumptions of the underlying data generating process. Additionally, CCN facilitates estimation of the utility of each possible treatment and permits individual-specific variation through utility functions. CCN not only extends outcome estimation beyond traditional risk difference, but also enables a more comprehensive decision-making process through definition of flexible comparisons. Under assumptions commonly made in the causal literature, we show that CCN learns distributions that asymptotically capture the true potential outcome distributions. Furthermore, we propose an adjustment approach that is empirically effective in alleviating sample imbalance between treatment groups in observational data. Finally, we evaluate the performance of CCN in multiple synthetic and semi-synthetic experiments. We demonstrate that CCN learns improved distribution estimates compared to existing Bayesian and deep generative methods as well as improved decisions with respects to a variety of utility functions.
description: https://openreview.net/forum?id=q1Fey9feu7