cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Euler-Maruyama Scheme for SDEs with Irregular Drift: Convergence Rates via Reduction to a Quadrature Problem
Creators: name: Neuenkirch, Andreas
name: Szölgyenyi, Michaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10, 60H35, 65C30

description: We study the strong convergence order of the Euler-Maruyama scheme for scalar stochastic differential equations with additive noise and irregular drift. We provide a general framework for the error analysis by reducing it to a weighted quadrature problem for irregular functions of Brownian motion. Assuming Sobolev-Slobodeckij-type regularity of order $κ\in (0,1)$ for the non-smooth part of the drift, our analysis of the quadrature problem yields the convergence order $\min\{3/4,(1+κ)/2\}-ε$ for the equidistant Euler-Maruyama scheme (for arbitrarily small $ε>0$). The cut-off of the convergence order at $3/4$ can be overcome by using a suitable non-equidistant discretization, which yields the strong convergence order of $(1+κ)/2-ε$ for the corresponding Euler-Maruyama scheme.
Ruelle operators: Functions which are harmonic with respect to a transfer operator
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L60, 47D25, 42A16, 43A65 (Primary); 46L45, 42A65, 41A15 (Secondary)

description: Let $ N \in \mathbb{N} $, $ N \geq 2 $, be given. Motivated by wavelet analysis, we consider a class of normal representations of the $ C^* $-algebra $ \mathfrak{A}_{N} $ on two unitary generators $ U $, $ V $ subject to the relation \[ UVU^{-1}=V^{N}. \] The representations are in one-to-one correspondence with solutions $ h \in L^{1}(\mathbb{T}) $, $ h \geq 0 $, to $ R(h)=h $ where $ R $ is a certain transfer operator (positivity-preserving) which was studied previously by D. Ruelle. The representations of $ \mathfrak{A}_{N} $ may also be viewed as representations of a certain (discrete) $ N $-adic $ ax+b $ group which was considered recently by J.-B. Bost and A. Connes.
description: 56 pages, 4 figures (some with sub-figures), AMS-LaTeX v1.2r
Punching Holes In the Life from Porous Rock Hypothesis
Creators: name: Winfred Wills, Ed.S., D.BC.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Religions
subject: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The researcher has analyzed an experiment conducted in April 2024 by a team of researchers whose contention is that life could have formed in the cracks of rocks.  A scrutinous examination has led the researcher to disagree with the conclusions presented by this team of researchers based on factors that are implict as well as explicit in their research report.  It is the assertion of the researcher that life could not have formed in the cracks of rocks.  Instead, given all that we know, the only reasonable explanation for life is an omnipotent God.
Dealing with Sparse Rater Scoring of Constructed Responses within a Framework of a Latent Class Signal Detection Model
Creators: Kim, Sunhee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements

description: In many assessment situations that use a constructed-response (CR) item, an examinee's response is evaluated by only one rater, which is called a single rater design. For example, in a classroom assessment practice, only one teacher grades each student's performance. While single rater designs are the most cost-effective method among all rater designs, the lack of a second rater causes difficulties with respect to how the scores should be used and evaluated. For example, one cannot assess rater reliability or rater effects when there is only one rater. The present study explores possible solutions for the issues that arise in sparse rater designs within the context of a latent class version of signal detection theory (LC-SDT) that has been previously used for rater scoring. This approach provides a model for rater cognition in CR scoring (DeCarlo, 2005; 2008; 2010) and offers measures of rater reliability and various rater effects. The following potential solutions to rater sparseness were examined: 1) the use of parameter restrictions to yield an identified model, 2) the use of informative priors in a Bayesian approach, and 3) the use of back readings (e.g., partially available 2nd rater observations), which are available in some large scale assessments. Simulations and analyses of real-world data are conducted to examine the performance of these approaches. Simulation results showed that using parameter constraints allows one to detect various rater effects that are of concern in practice. The Bayesian approach also gave useful results, although estimation of some of the parameters was poor and the standard deviations of the parameter posteriors were large, except when the sample size was large. Using back-reading scores gave an identified model and simulations showed that the results were generally acceptable, in terms of parameter estimation, except for small sample sizes. The paper also examines the utility of the approaches as applicable to the PIRLS USA reliability data. The results show some similarities and differences between parameter estimates obtained with posterior mode estimation and with Bayesian estimation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that rater parameter estimates are sensitive to the specification of the priors, as also found in the simulation results with smaller sample sizes.
Additional file 1 of The role of community advisory boards in community-based HIV clinical trials: a qualitative study from Tanzania
Creators: name: Pancras, Godwin
name: Sunguya, Bruno F.
name: Sirili, Nathanael
name: Balandya, Emmanuel
name: Lyamuya, Eligius
name: Mmbaga, Blandina T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1: Focus group discussion (FGD) guide for CAB members. Appendix 2: Individual interview (IDI) guides for researchers/research coordinators. Appendix 3: Individual interview (IDI) guide for IRB members.
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in a box: electrons confined within MoS$_2$ mirror twin boundaries
Creators: name: Jolie, Wouter
name: Murray, Clifford
name: Weiß, Philipp S.
name: Hall, Joshua
name: Portner, Fabian
name: Atodiresei, Nicolae
name: Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.
name: Busse, Carsten
name: Komsa, Hannu-Pekka
name: Rosch, Achim
name: Michely, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two- or three-dimensional metals are usually well described by weakly interacting, fermionic quasiparticles. This concept breaks down in one dimension due to strong Coulomb interactions. There, low-energy electronic excitations are expected to be bosonic collective modes, which fractionalize into independent spin and charge density waves. Experimental research on one-dimensional metals is still hampered by their difficult realization, their limited accessibility to measurements, and by competing or obscuring effects such as Peierls distortions or zero bias anomalies. Here we overcome these difficulties by constructing a well-isolated, one-dimensional metal of finite length present in MoS$_2$ mirror twin boundaries. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy we measure the single-particle density of the interacting electron system as a function of energy and position in the 1D box. Comparison to theoretical modeling provides unambiguous evidence that we are observing spin-charge separation in real space.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
title: A comparative study of Credit Rating Agency between the United States, European Union and China
Creators: name: Chen, Xiayang
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Credit Rating Agencies, over-reliance, conflicts of Interest, oligopoly, civil liability, financial regulation.

description: The credit rating agencies (hereafter CRAs) plays a significant role in the financial market but they were criticized for failing to accurately reflect the default risks of bonds, especially in structured finance, which exacerbated the global financial crisis of 2007–¬8, or even resulted in the financial disruptions throughout the entire financial market in two respects: the over-reliance on credit ratings and the low rating quality. Against this background, this thesis is designed to identify the issues that cause such big rating failures and analyse the effectiveness of the existing regulations against such issues. More importantly, having illustrated the issues and regulations, this thesis puts forward some suggestions to the current regulatory frameworks. This thesis analyses the issues form both external and internal perspectives. From an external perspective, the market and regulatory over-reliance on the credit ratings strengthen the interconnections among the financial institutions and intermediaries in the financial market, which exacerbates the liquidity risk and systemic risk stemming from the rating downgrades, especially during the financial crisis. From an internal perspective, three issues that affect the accuracy of credit ratings and the independency of CRAs include the conflict of interest, the oligopolies market structure and the civil liability for CRAs. Firstly, the conflict of interest provides incentives for CRAs to provide inflated rating services. Secondly, when the oligopolistic members are aware of their dominant market status, they lack motivations to update rating models and methodologies. Thirdly, it analyses whether or not civil liability is an effective approach to deter CRAs from their low rating quality. This thesis adopts a comparative approach between the European Union, United States and China. In order to provide a better understanding for the different problems with respect to the issues mentioned above and the different jurisdictions in these three regions, it first introduces the respective evolution of CRAs in these three areas respectively. It then examines the effectiveness of their various regulatory approaches to each issue as mentioned above.
title: „Mit-Laufen können“: Lauf- und wandertherapeutische Gruppenformate als innovative Unterstützungsangebote der Hausarztpraxis – empirische Rekonstruktionen individueller Bewegungserfahrungen bei Menschen mit psychischen oder chronischen physischen Belastungen und Erkrankungen
Creators: name: Mertel, Sabine
name: Schusser, Reingard Adelgundis
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Die Multimodale Lauftherapie (MML) ist eine neuartige psychosoziale Bewegungstherapie. Systematisch kontrolliert und supervidierte aerobe Laufeinheiten werden im Wechsel von Gehen und Laufen angeboten, mit Entspannungsübungen sowie klientenzentrierter Beratung kombiniert. Die MML ist[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
title: Quantification of the reactivity of waste derived-aluminosilicate precursor for geopolymer production
Creators: name: Liu, Jiarui
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: geopolymer
subject: reactivity
subject: red mud
subject: fly ash

description: As the world's second-largest alumina producer and the fourth-largest coal producer, Australia generates approximately 30 million tonnes of red mud (a byproduct of the Bayer process for alumina production) and 13 million tonnes of coal combustion products (fly ash and bottom ash) annually. While the recycling rate for coal combustion products in Australia is approximately 60%, the recycling rate for red mud (RM) is below 5%. This results in an increasing waste stockpile and poses a burden on the local environment. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find a sustainable solution for managing this expanding industrial waste stream. Geopolymer, as an alternative binder to traditional cement, offers improved sustainability due to its ability to utilize various industrial wastes as aluminosilicate precursors (APs). Extensive studies have predominantly verified the feasibility of using various types of industrial waste, including coal combustion products and RM, for geopolymer production. Therefore, the utilization of these local industrial byproducts in Australia for geopolymer production is becoming increasingly attractive, as it promotes both a circular economy and the valorisation of local industrial waste. The extreme variability in the inherent properties of these waste materials, however, including their chemical composition, particle size, and crystalline/amorphous phases, presents a significant obstacle to the wider application of geopolymer and hinders the valorisation of waste materials. To enable industrial-scale production, widely accepted standards for testing methods and material properties are crucial. These standards ensure the stability of the raw-material supply chain and the performance of the final product. [...]
Exact asymptotics of long-range quantum correlations in a nonequilibrium steady state
Creators: name: Fraenkel, Shachar
name: Goldstein, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Out-of-equilibrium states of many-body systems tend to evade a description by standard statistical mechanics, and their uniqueness is epitomized by the possibility of certain long-range correlations that cannot occur in equilibrium. In quantum many-body systems, coherent correlations of this sort may lead to the emergence of remarkable entanglement structures. In this work, we analytically study the asymptotic scaling of quantum correlation measures -- the mutual information and the fermionic negativity -- within the zero-temperature steady state of voltage-biased free fermions on a one-dimensional lattice containing a noninteracting impurity. Previously, we have shown that two subsystems on opposite sides of the impurity exhibit volume-law entanglement, which is independent of the absolute distances of the subsystems from the impurity. Here we go beyond that result and derive the exact form of the subleading logarithmic corrections to the extensive terms of correlation measures, in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. In particular, the logarithmic term of the mutual information asymptotics can be encapsulated in a concise formula, depending only on simple four-point ratios of subsystem length-scales and on the impurity scattering probabilities at the Fermi energies. This echoes the case of equilibrium states, where such logarithmic terms may convey universal information about the physical system. To compute these exact results, we devise a hybrid method that relies on Toeplitz determinant asymptotics for correlation matrices in both real space and momentum space, successfully circumventing the inhomogeneity of the system. This method can potentially find wider use for analytical calculations of entanglement measures in similar scenarios.
description: v1: 21+5 pages, 4 figures; the main results appearing here were originally reported as part of arXiv:2205.12991, and are removed from there to allow a more elaborate discussion. v2: Published version, 21+6 pages, 4+1 figures
Beable trajectories for revealing quantum control mechanisms
Creators: name: Dennis, Eric
name: Rabitz, Herschel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics induced while controlling quantum systems by optimally shaped laser pulses have often been difficult to understand in detail. A method is presented for quantifying the importance of specific sequences of quantum transitions involved in the control process. The method is based on a ``beable'' formulation of quantum mechanics due to John Bell that rigorously maps the quantum evolution onto an ensemble of stochastic trajectories over a classical state space. Detailed mechanism identification is illustrated with a model 7-level system. A general procedure is presented to extract mechanism information directly from closed-loop control experiments. Application to simulated experimental data for the model system proves robust with up to 25% noise.
description: Latex, 20 pages, 13 figures
title: Guardianship in the Brisbane Suburbs: An Exploratory Study of Crime Control by Residents in a Non-Urban Context
Creators: name: Moir, Emily Claire
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Guardianship
subject: Guardianship in Action (GIA) model
subject: Criminology research
subject: Suburban crime

description: Within the routine activity approach (Cohen & Felson, 1979) guardianship is argued to be a critical component of crime prevention. Guardians are defined as ordinary citizens who carry out supervision, which helps prevent or deter crime. Traditionally, criminological research has used measures that approximate levels of household occupancy to examine the relationship between guardianship and crime. More recently, however, Reynald (2009) developed the Guardianship in Action (GIA) model. The GIA model proposes a valid way to directly observe residents’ guardianship behaviour, and understand the spatio-physical and socio-demographic factors that facilitate crime control behaviour by residents. Observations using the GIA model have thus far been applied in urban residential environments in The Hague, Netherlands (Reynald, 2009; Reynald, 2011a) and Boston, Massachusetts (Hollis-Peel, Reynald, & Welsh, 2012; Hollis-Peel & Welsh, 2014). These studies limited observations to weekdays. Collectively, The Hague and Boston studies show that the GIA model is an ecologically valid method to observe guardianship behaviour. Further, this research shows how different environmental and social factors help to facilitate or inhibit guardianship across high density, urban contexts. This thesis builds on these existing studies by applying GIA in Australia for the first time, and by testing the model for the first time in a suburban residential context.
title: Ein systematischer Review über kurze Instrumente zum Screenen von Suizidalität in der Hausarztpraxis
Creators: name: Frank, Milena
name: Lukaschek, Karoline
name: Gensichen, Jochen
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: In Deutschland sterben jedes Jahr mehr als 10.000 Personen durch Suizid. Ein Großteil der Suizidenten besuchte im Jahr vor dem Suizid einen Hausarzt, welcher oft die einzige Bezugsperson für die Betroffenen darstellt. Aktives Screenen durch den Hausarzt könnte dazu beitragen,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
Relations between the correlators of the topological sigma-model coupled to gravity
Creators: name: Kontsevich, Maxim
name: Manin, Yuri I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a new recursive relation between the correlators $< τ_{d_1}γ_1...τ_{d_n}γ_n >_{g,β}$, which together with known relations allows one to express all of them through the full system of Gromov-Witten invariants in the sense of Kontsevich-Manin and the intersection indices of tautological classes on $\bar{M}_{g,n}$, effectively calculable in view of earlier results due to Mumford, Kontsevich, Getzler, and Faber. This relation shows that a linear change of coordinates of the big phase space transforms the potential with gravitational descendants to another function defined completely in terms of the Gromov-Witten correspondence and the intersection theory on $V^n\times\bar{M}_{g,n}$. We then extend the formalism of gravitational descendants from quantum cohomology to more general Frobenius manifolds and Cohomological Field Theories.
description: AMS-Tex, 13 pages, no figures
On the dynamics of non-rigid asteroid rotation
Creators: name: Ershkov, Sergey V.
name: Leshchenko, Dmytro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F15, 70F07

description: We have presented in this communication a new solving procedure for the dynamics of non-rigid asteroid rotation, considering the final spin state of rotation for a small celestial body (asteroid). The last condition means the ultimate absence of the applied external torques (including short-term effect from torques during collisions, long-term YORP effect, etc.). Fundamental law of angular momentum conservation has been used for the aforementioned solving procedure. The system of Euler equations for dynamics of non-rigid asteroid rotation has been explored with regard to the existence of an analytic way of presentation of the approximated solution. Despite of various perturbations (such as collisions, YORP effect) which destabilize the rotation of asteroid via deviating from the current spin state, the inelastic (mainly, tidal) dissipation reduces kinetic energy of asteroid. So, evolution of the spinning asteroid should be resulting by the rotation about maximal-inertia axis with the proper spin state corresponding to minimal energy with a fixed angular momentum. Basing on the aforesaid assumption (component K_1 is supposed to be fluctuating near the given appropriate constant of the fixed angular momentum), we have obtained that 2-nd component K_2 is the solution of appropriate Riccati ordinary differential equation of 1-st order, whereas component K_3 should be determined via expression for K_2.
description: 17 pages; Keywords: tidal dissipation, asteroid rotation, angular momentum; article is accepted for publication in "Acta Astronautica" (4 May 2019); additional comments see in Appendix A2
Additional file 2: of Calorie restriction with regular chow, but not a high-fat diet, delays onset of spontaneous osteoarthritis in the Hartley guinea pig model
Creators: name: Radakovich, Lauren
name: Marolf, Angela
name: Culver, Lauren
name: Santangelo, Kelly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. Normalized absolute nCounter mRNA counts present in gonad fat versus IFP in the three groups. Data is represented as the mean (range). (DOCX 16 kb)
Discrete Darboux transformation for discrete polynomials of hypergeometric type
Creators: name: Bangerezako, Gaspard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Darboux Transformation, well known in second order differential operator theory, is applied here to the difference equation satisfied by the discrete hypergeometric polynomials(Charlier, Meixner-Krawchuk, Hahn).
Additional file 1 of Lung ultrasound response to awake prone positioning predicts the need for intubation in patients with COVID-19 induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: an observational study
Creators: name: Ibarra-Estrada, Miguel
name: Gamero-Rodríguez, María J.
name: García-de-Acilu, Marina
name: Roca, Oriol
name: Sandoval-Plascencia, Laura
name: Aguirre-Avalos, Guadalupe
name: García-Salcido, Roxana
name: Aguirre-Díaz, Sara A.
name: Vines, David L.
name: Mirza, Sara
name: Kaur, Ramandeep
name: Weiss, Tyler
name: Guerin, Claude
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Values of LUS scores at the first APP session and at the 3 days of observation according to groups. Figure S1. Responses in LUS score, SpO2:FIO2 ratio, ROX index and respiratory rate at the APP sessions. Figure S2. Response in global and dorsal LUS score after the first APP session. Figure S3. Correlation of mean daily duration of APP of the first 3 days with response in overall LUS score, respiratory rate SpO2:FIO2 ratio, and ROX index. Figure S4. Mean daily duration of APP at 3 days and LUS score changes in dorsal and ventral lung zones. Figure S5. Responses in SpO2:FIO2 ratio, ROX index, and respiratory rates at the first morning APP sessions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days. Figure S6. Correlation between response in LUS score with SpO2:FIO2 ratio, ROX index and respiratory rate at the first morning APP sessions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days. Figure S7. Comparison between areas under the ROC curves of responses to APP at the first session. Table S2. Logistic regression to analyze the effect of ≥ 1 point decrease in dorsal LUS score at the first APP on the risk of intubation.
Liouville type theorems and regularity of solutions to degenerate or singular problems part I: even solutions
Creators: name: Sire, Yannick
name: Terracini, Susanna
name: Vita, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J70, 35J75, 35R11, 35B40, 35B44, 35B53

description: We consider a class of equations in divergence form with a singular/degenerate weight $$-\mathrm{div}(|y|^a A(x,y)\nabla u)=|y|^a f(x,y)\; \quad\textrm{or} \ \textrm{div}(|y|^aF(x,y))\;.$$ Under suitable regularity assumptions for the matrix $A$ and $f$ (resp. $F$) we prove Hölder continuity of solutions which are even in $y\in\mathbb{R}$, and possibly of their derivatives up to order two or more (Schauder estimates). In addition, we show stability of the $C^{0,α}$ and $C^{1,α}$ a priori bounds for approximating problems in the form $$-\mathrm{div}((\varepsilon^2+y^2)^{a/2} A(x,y)\nabla u)=(\varepsilon^2+y^2)^{a/2} f(x,y)\; \quad\textrm{or} \ \textrm{div}((\varepsilon^2+y^2)^{a/2}F(x,y))$$ as $\varepsilon\to 0$. Finally, we derive $C^{0,α}$ and $C^{1,α}$ bounds for inhomogenous Neumann boundary problems as well. Our method is based upon blow-up and appropriate Liouville type theorems.
description: 47 pages
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the magnetic ground state in magnetoelectric LiCoPO$_4$
Creators: name: Fogh, Ellen
name: Zaharko, Oksana
name: Schefer, Jürg
name: Niedermayer, Christof
name: Holm-Dahlin, Sonja
name: Sørensen, Michael Korning
name: Kristensen, Andreas Bott
name: Andersen, Niels Hessel
name: Vaknin, David
name: Christensen, Niels Bech
name: Toft-Petersen, Rasmus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic structures are investigated by means of neutron diffraction to shine a light on the intricate details that are believed to be key to understanding the magnetoelectric effect in LiCoPO$_4$ . At zero field, a spontaneous spin canting of $φ= 7(1)^{\circ}$ is found. The spins tilt away from the easy $b$-axis toward $c$. Symmetry considerations lead to the magnetic point group $m'_z$, which is consistent with the previously observed magnetoelectric tensor form and weak ferromagnetic moment along $b$. For magnetic fields applied along $a$, the induced ferromagnetic moment couples via the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to yield an additional field-induced spin canting. An upper limit to the size of the interaction is estimated from the canting angle.
Decentralization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Possibilities for Democracy
Creators: Kleinpeter-Ross, Adair
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Africans
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This thesis interrogates the system of decentralization outlined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's 2006 Constitution. I break decentralization into the categories of political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization in order to compare the DRC's policies with comparable policies in other African nations to provide policy diagnoses and recommendations.
title: Exploring Morphology and Drug Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer with 3D Cell Culture
Creators: name: Shelper, Todd Benjamin
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pancreatic cancer
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Cell monolayer cultures
subject: Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and host cells
subject: Pancreatic tumours

description: Pancreatic cancer continues to have one of the poorest prognoses amongst all cancers, with a 95% mortality rate. Standard of care chemotherapy has failed to provide significant clinical benefits, which has led to the development of targeted agents against validated signalling pathways. However, to date the approach of targeted agents alone, or in combination with traditional chemotherapeutics, has failed to significantly improve the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients. The current standard of care chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer provides only a modest increase in survival of several months. Models that improve the predictive potential of drug discovery programs and gain greater insights into the complexity of tumour biology are therefore urgently required. To better understand the mechanisms influencing the anti-cancer activities of current and novel therapies, we have developed a 3D in vitro micro-tumour cell culture model. Current in vitro models utilising cell monolayer cultures are unable to recapitulate the biological and physiological complexities of the in vivo pancreatic tumour microenvironment and may be poor predictors of drug efficacy. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are characterised as having a highly dense and poorly vascularised stroma that is made up of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and host cells. This complex tumour microenvironment has been implicated in the chemoresistance profiles observed in pancreatic tumours.
Additional file 1 of COVID-19 related outcomes among individuals with neurodegenerative diseases: a cohort analysis in the UK biobank
Creators: name: Hu, Yihan
name: Yang, Huazhen
name: Hou, Can
name: Chen, Wenwen
name: Zhang, Hanyue
name: Ying, Zhiye
name: Hu, Yao
name: Sun, Yajing
name: Qu, Yuanyuan
name: Feychting, Maria
name: Valdimarsdottir, Unnur
name: Song, Huan
name: Fang, Fang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Fig. 1. Risk of COVID-19 among individuals with any or specific neurodegenerative disease, compared to matched individuals without such a condition. Supplementary Fig. 2. Changes of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervalsa, by assuming 5–100% underestimation of the studied outcomes among individuals without neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Table 1 A Summary of previous studies addressing the association between neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Supplementary Table 2. International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, ninth (ICD-9) and tenth (ICD-10) revisions for diagnoses used in this study.
Electronic Raman response of a superconductor across a time reversal symmetry breaking phase transition
Creators: name: Sarkar, Surajit
name: Maiti, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization-resolved electronic Raman spectroscopy is an important experimental tool to investigate collective excitations in superconductors. In this work, we present a general theory that allows us to study the evolution of all Raman active collective modes in multiple symmetry channels across a time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking superconducting transition. This comprehensive approach reveals that multiple modes belonging to different symmetry channels show a tendency to soften, even when the interactions in the subleading channel are held constant. This indicates an increased competition induced by the proximity to the TRS breaking transition. The entry into the TRS broken phase is marked by the introduction of an additional mode into the gap in multiple symmetry channels. These new modes have a phase character complementary to the ones that are already present. Even though all the modes in the TRS broken phase acquire an amplitude character, we explicitly demonstrate that the coupling to the Raman probe is exclusively through the phase sector. We demonstrate that the Raman spectrum collected in lower symmetry channels shows a selective sensitivity to the sign of the ground state order parameters and the sign of the interband interactions. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of an interaction induced selection rule that clearly explains the spectral weights of various modes in various irreps, including the possible of $``$dark$"$ Leggett and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes.
Experimental quantum homodyne tomography via machine learning
Creators: name: Tiunov, E. S.
name: Tiunova, V. V.
name: Ulanov, A. E.
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complete characterization of states and processes that occur within quantum devices is crucial for understanding and testing their potential to outperform classical technologies for communications and computing. However, solving this task with current state-of-the-art techniques becomes unwieldy for large and complex quantum systems. Here we realize and experimentally demonstrate a method for complete characterization of a quantum harmonic oscillator based on an artificial neural network known as the restricted Boltzmann machine. We apply the method to optical homodyne tomography and show it to allow full estimation of quantum states based on a smaller amount of experimental data compared to state-of-the-art methods. We link this advantage to reduced overfitting. Although our experiment is in the optical domain, our method provides a way of exploring quantum resources in a broad class of large-scale physical systems, such as superconducting circuits, atomic and molecular ensembles, and optomechanical systems.
description: 7+4 pages, 4+2 figures
The effect of classical and quantum dynamics on vibrational frequency shifts of H2 in clathrate hydrates
Creators: name: Plattner, Nuria
name: Meuwly, Markus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie

description: Vibrational frequency shifts of H2 in clathrate hydrates are important to understand the properties and elucidate details of the clathrate structure. Experimental spectra of H2 in clathrate hydrates have been measured for different clathrate compositions, temperatures, and pressures. In order to establish reliable relationships between the clathrate structure, dynamics, and observed frequencies, calculations of vibrational frequency shifts in different clathrate environments are required. In this study, a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulations, electronic structure calculations, and quantum dynamical simulation is used to calculate relative vibrational frequencies of H2 in clathrate hydrates. This approach allows us to assess dynamical effects and simulate the change of vibrational frequencies with temperature and pressure. The frequency distributions of the H2 vibrations in the different clathrate cage types agree favorably with experiment. Also, the simulations demonstrate that H2 in the 512 cage is more sensitive to the details of the environment and to quantum dynamical effects, in particular when the cage is doubly occupied. We show that for the 512 cage quantum effects lead to frequency increases and double occupation is unlikely. This is different for the 51264 cages for which higher occupation numbers than one H2 per cage are likely.
Additional file 3: of PD-1 signaling affects cristae morphology and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in human CD8+ T lymphocytes
Creators: name: Ogando, Jesús
name: Sáez, María
name: Santos, Javier
name: Nuevo-Tapioles, Cristina
name: Gut, Marta
name: Esteve-Codina, Anna
name: Heath, Simon
name: González-Pérez, Antonio
name: Cuezva, José
name: Lacalle, Rosa
name: Mañes, Santos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1. Dose-dependent inhibition of T cell activation by PD-L1. (PDF 161 kb)
Additional file 1: of Calorie restriction with regular chow, but not a high-fat diet, delays onset of spontaneous osteoarthritis in the Hartley guinea pig model
Creators: name: Radakovich, Lauren
name: Marolf, Angela
name: Culver, Lauren
name: Santangelo, Kelly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Normalized absolute nCounter mRNA counts present in gonad fat. Data is represented as the mean (range). (DOCX 16 kb)
Entanglement, Quantum Entropy and Mutual Information
Creators: name: Belavkin, V. P.
name: Ohya, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operational structure of quantum couplings and entanglements is studied and classified for semifinite von Neumann algebras. We show that the classical-quantum correspondences such as quantum encodings can be treated as diagonal semi-classical (d-) couplings, and the entanglements characterized by truly quantum (q-) couplings, can be regarded as truly quantum encodings. The relative entropy of the d-compound and entangled states leads to two different types of entropy for a given quantum state: the von Neumann entropy, which is achieved as the maximum of mutual information over all d-entanglements, and the dimensional entropy, which is achieved at the standard entanglement -- true quantum entanglement, coinciding with a d-entanglement only in the case of pure marginal states. The d- and q- information of a quantum noisy channel are respectively defined via the input d- and q- encodings, and the q-capacity of a quantum noiseless channel is found as the logarithm of the dimensionality of the input algebra. The quantum capacity may double the classical capacity, achieved as the supremum over all d-couplings, or encodings, bounded by the logarithm of the dimensionality of a maximal Abelian subalgebra.
description: 23 pages, see also related publications at http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/vpb_research.html
Classifying integrable spin-1/2 chains with nearest neighbour interactions
Creators: name: de Leeuw, Marius
name: Pribytok, Anton
name: Ryan, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all fundamental integrable spin chains with two-dimensional local Hilbert space which have regular R-matrices of difference form. This means that the R-matrix underlying the integrable structures is of the form R(u,v)=R(u-v) and reduces to the permutation operator at some particular point. We find a total of 14 independent solutions, 8 of which correspond to well-known eight or lower vertex models. The remaining 6 models appear to be new and some have peculiar properties such as not being diagonalizable or being nilpotent. Furthermore, for even R-matrices, we find a bijection between solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and the graded Yang-Baxter equation which extends our results to the graded two-dimensional case.
description: Published version
Spin and thermal conductivity of quantum spin chains and ladders
Creators: name: Karrasch, Christoph
name: Kennes, D. M.
name: Heidrich-Meisner, F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: We study the spin and thermal conductivity of spin-12 ladders and chains at finite temperature, relevant for experiments with quantum magnets. Using a state-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group algorithm, we compute the current autocorrelation functions on the real-time axis and then carry out a Fourier integral to extract the frequency dependence of the corresponding conductivities. The finite-time error is analyzed carefully. We first investigate the limiting case of spin-12 XXZ chains, for which our analysis suggests nonzero dc conductivities in all interacting cases irrespective of the presence or absence of spin Drude weights. For ladders, we observe that all models studied are normal conductors with no ballistic contribution. Nonetheless, only the high-temperature spin conductivity of XX ladders has a simple diffusive, Drude-like form, while Heisenberg ladders exhibit a more complicated low-frequency behavior. We compute the dc spin conductivity down to temperatures of the order of T∼0.5J, where J is the exchange coupling along the legs of the ladder. We further extract mean-free paths and discuss our results in relation to thermal conductivity measurements on quantum magnets.
Certification of genuine multipartite entanglement in spin ensembles with measurements of total angular momentum
Creators: name: Huynh-Vu, Khoi-Nguyen
name: Zaw, Lin Htoo
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce entanglement witnesses for spin ensembles which detect genuine multipartite entanglement using only measurements of the total angular momentum. States that are missed by most other angular-momentum-based witnesses for spin ensembles, which include Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and certain superpositions of Dicke states, can be effectively detected by our witness. The protocol involves estimating the probability that the total angular momentum is positive along equally-spaced directions on a plane. Alternatively, one could measure along a single direction at different times, under the assumption that the total spins undergoes a uniform precession. Genuine multipartite entanglement is detected when the observed score exceeds a separable bound. Exact analytical expressions for the separable bound are obtained for spin ensembles $j_1\otimes j_2\otimes\dots \otimes j_N$ such that the total spin is a half-integer, and numerical results are reported for the other cases. Finally, we conjecture an expression for the separable bound when the total spin is not known, which is well supported by the numerical results.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures. Final published version
title: China Engages Global Health Governance: A Stakeholder or System-Transformer?
Creators: name: Chan, Lai-Ha
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: global health governance
subject: China
subject: public health
subject: global health regime
subject: HIV/AIDS

description: Through the lens of public health, in particular HIV/AIDS, this research first scrutinises China’s compliance with and resistance to the norms and rules embedded in the global health regime, and second, illustrates China’s evolving global role and its intentions for global governance. China’s response to its HIV/AIDS epidemic and its active engagement with the multilateral institutions of global health governance are attributable to both necessity and conscious design. While calling for and welcoming the involvement of multiple actors, a sine qua non for China’s continued engagement with global governance and global health governance is that they should be conducted in accordance with the principles of national sovereignty, non-intervention and territorial integrity. Overall, while China does not seek any radical transformation of the prevailing world order, its vision for the global order is not compatible with that espoused by the West which attaches much weight to liberal democratic values thereby justifying the notion and practice of humanitarian intervention. With a preference for a Westphalian model of governance, China is not a ‘responsible stakeholder’ in the liberal democratic order. Beijing advocates multilateral cooperation in a pluralist ‘harmonious world’ and argues that there is no fixed universal blueprint for development. China adopts a twin strategy in its relations with the outside world. On the one hand, it seeks to defend itself from the encroachment of liberal values while maintaining friendly relations with the leading powers of the West; and on the other, to shore up the principles of national sovereignty and non-intervention as well as strengthen ties with Third World countries so as to consolidate a normative and political bulwark against liberal democratic values on the world stage.
Secants of Abelian Varieties, Theta functions, and Soliton Equations
Creators: name: Taimanov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a survey on relations between secant identities and soliton equations and applications of soliton equations to problems of algebraic geometry, i.e., the Riemann-Schottky problem and its analogues. A short introduction into the analytic theory of theta functions is also given.
description: 69 pages, accepted by Russian Mathematical Surveys
Boundary actions for affine buildings and higher rank Cuntz-Krieger algebras
Creators: name: Robertson, Guyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L35, 46L55, 22D25, 51E24

description: Let $\G$ be a group of type rotating automorphisms of an affine building $\cB$ of type $\wt A_2$. If $\G$ acts freely on the vertices of $\cB$ with finitely many orbits, and if $Ω$ is the (maximal) boundary of $\cB$, then $C(\Om)\rtimes \G$ is a p.i.s.u.n. $C^*$-algebra. This algebra has a structure theory analogous to that of a simple Cuntz-Krieger algebra and is the motivation for a theory of higher rank Cuntz-Krieger algebras, which has been developed by T. Steger and G. Robertson. The K-theory of these algebras can be computed explicitly in the rank two case. For the rank two examples of the form $C(\Om)\rtimes \G$ which arise from boundary actions on $\wt A_2$ buildings, the two K-groups coincide.
description: This document is written in LaTeX2e. The macros: prepictex.tex, pictex.tex, and postpictex.tex are also required for the full compilation of the document