cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near-parabolic comets observed in 2006-2010. The individualized approach to 1/a-determination and the new distribution of original and future orbits
Creators: name: Krolikowska, Malgorzata
name: Dybczynski, Piotr A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of a complete sample of 22 small perihelion distance near-parabolic comets discovered in the years 2006 - 2010 is studied. First, osculating orbits are obtained after a careful positional data inspection and processing, including where appropriate, the method of data partitioning for determination of pre- and post-perihelion orbit for tracking then its dynamical evolution. The nongravitational acceleration in the motion is detected for 50 per cent of investigated comets, in a few cases for the first time. Different sets of nongravitational parameters are determined from pre- and post-perihelion data for some of them. The influence of the positional data structure on the possibility of the detection of nongravitational effects and the overall precision of orbit determination is widely discussed. Secondly, both original and future orbits were derived by means of numerical integration of swarms of virtual comets obtained using a Monte Carlo cloning method. This method allows to follow the uncertainties of orbital elements at each step of dynamical evolution. The complete statistics of original and future orbits that includes significantly different uncertainties of 1/a-values is presented, also in the light of our results obtained earlier. Basing on 108 comets examined by us so far, we conclude that only one of them, C/2007 W1 Boattini, seems to be a serious candidate for an interstellar comet. We also found that 53 per cent of 108 near-parabolic comets escaping in the future from the Solar system, and the number of comets leaving the Solar system as so called Oort spike comets is 14 per cent. A new method for cometary orbit quality assessment is also proposed that leads to a better diversification of orbit quality classes for contemporary comets.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Percnobracon
Creators: name: Martinez, Juan José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Percnobracon

description: Key to the known species of Percnobracon
 1 Mesoscutum rounded anteriorly in lateral view ...... P. stenopterus Kieffer & Jörgensen
1’ Mesoscutum strongly angled anteriorly in lateral view (Figs. 4, 9, 13)........................ 2
2 Head 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as high (Fig. 13); mesoscutum mostly coriareous; metasomal tergum I triangular in lateral view, with smooth anterior area almost half as long as the segment and narrowing apicaly (Fig. 12)................................................... 3
2’ Head 0.70 to 0.85 times as long as high (Figs. 4, 9), usually length/height 0.75 or more; mesoscutum coarsely coriareous to rugulose; tergum I not triangular in lateral view, smooth area distinctly shorter than half the length of the segment and not narrowing apically (Figs. 3, 8)........................................................................................... 4
 3 Ovipositor sheaths about 1.2 times the length of metasoma ..... P. secundus Muesebeck
 3’ Ovipositor sheaths 0.40 to 0.60 times the length of metasoma (Fig. 13)........................ ............................................................................................................... P. witru sp. nov.
 4 Mesoscutum 0.70 to 0.80 times as long as wide(Fig. 7); propodeum rugose medially (Fig. 8); forewing vein 2RS at most 0.30 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 5), usually much shorter; associated with eurytomid galls ................................. P. rugosus sp. nov.
 4’ Mesoscutum 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide(Fig. 2); propodeum smooth medially only with a few poorly indicated carinae (Fig. 3); forewing vein 2RS 0.40 to 0.50 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 1); associated with cecidomyiid galls.......................... ..................................................................................................... P. pampeanus sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Martinez, Juan José, 2006, Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls, pp. 49-58 in Zootaxa 1282 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
Free Software and Open Hardware in the Service of Open Science
Creators: name: Miljković, Nadica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: open science
open access
reproducible research
computational reproducibility
free software
open-source software
FLOSS
FOSS
open hardware
free-hardware design
FAIR
open research data
FAIR data
FAIR software
FAIR hardware
research compendium

description: This is a presentation for the talk titled "Free Software and Open Hardware in the Service of Open Science" held during the Open Science Days IV in Serbia organized by the University of Belgrade and collocated with the NI4OS-Europe, EOSC Future and WBC-RRI.net dissemination events in Belgrade, 3-4 November 2022. The presentation is in English, but will be held in Serbian during the Session 1: New Open Science Initiatives in Serbia. Complete agenda is available at the National portal for Open Science - http://www.open.ac.rs/index.php/osd2022.
Evolution and CNO yields of Z=10^-5 stars and possible effects on CEMP production
Creators: name: Gil-Pons, P.
name: Doherty, C. L.
name: Lau, H.
name: Campbell, S. W.
name: Suda, T.
name: Guilani, S.
name: Gutierrez, J.
name: Lattanzio, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our main goals are to get a deeper insight into the evolution and final fates of intermediate-mass, extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars. We also aim to investigate their C, N, and O yields. Using the Monash University Stellar Evolution code we computed and analysed the evolution of stars of metallicity Z = 10^-5 and masses between 4 and 9 M_sun, from their main sequence until the late thermally pulsing (super) asymptotic giant branch, TP-(S)AGB phase. Our model stars experience a strong C, N, and O envelope enrichment either due to the second dredge-up, the dredge-out phenomenon, or the third dredge-up early during the TP-(S)AGB phase. Their late evolution is therefore similar to that of higher metallicity objects. When using a standard prescription for the mass loss rates during the TP-(S)AGB phase, the computed stars lose most of their envelopes before their cores reach the Chandrasekhar mass, so our standard models do not predict the occurrence of SNI1/2 for Z = 10^-5 stars. However, we find that the reduction of only one order of magnitude in the mass-loss rates, which are particularly uncertain at this metallicity, would prevent the complete ejection of the envelope, allowing the stars to either explode as an SNI1/2 or become an electron-capture SN. Our calculations stop due to an instability near the base of the convective envelope that hampers further convergence and leaves remnant envelope masses between 0.25 M_sun for our 4 M_sun model and 1.5 M_sun for our 9 M_sun model. We present two sets of C, N, and O yields derived from our full calculations and computed under two different assumptions, namely, that the instability causes a practically instant loss of the remnant envelope or that the stars recover and proceed with further thermal pulses. Our results have implications for the early chemical evolution of the Universe.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Quantum oscillations and three-dimensional quantum Hall effect in ZrTe$_5$
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Xiang
name: Cai, Zhigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have reported a lot of spectacular transport properties in topological materials, such as quantum oscillations and three-dimensional (3D) quantum Hall effect (QHE) in ZrTe$_5$. In this paper, by using a strong topological insulator model to describe ZrTe$_5$, we study the magnetotransport property of the 3D system. With fixed carrier density, we find that there exists a deferring effect in the chemical potential, which favors distinguishing the saddle points of the inverted LLs. On the other hand, with fixed chemical potential, the features of 3D QHE are demonstrated and we attribute the underlying mechanisms to the interplay between Dirac fermions, magnetic field and impurity scatterings.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary figures and tables from Linear parameter-varying model for a refuellable zinc–air battery
Creators: name: Woranunt Lao-Atiman
name: Olaru, Sorin
name: Sette Diop
name: Skogestad, Sigurd
name: Amornchai Arpornwichanop
name: Rongrong Cheacharoen
name: Kheawhom, Soorathep
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Due to the increasing trend of using renewable energy, the development of an energy storage system (ESS) attracts great research interest. A zinc–air battery (ZAB) is a promising ESS due to its high capacity, low cost and high potential to support circular economy principles. However, despite ZABs technological advancements, a generic dynamic model for a ZAB, which is a key component for effective battery management and monitoring, is still lacking. ZABs show nonlinear behaviour where the steady-state gain is strongly dependent on operating conditions. The present study aims to develop a dynamic model, being capable of predicting the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of a refuellable ZAB, using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) technique. The LPV model is constructed from a family of linear time-invariant models, where the discharge current level is used as a scheduling parameter. The developed LPV model is benchmarked against linear and nonlinear model counterparts. Herein, the LPV model performs remarkably well in capturing the nonlinear behaviour of a ZAB. It significantly outperforms the linear model. Overall, the LPV approach provides a systematic way to construct a robust dynamic model which well represents the nonlinear behaviour of a ZAB.
title: The imprint of hydrothermal fluids on trace-element contents in white mica and tourmaline from the Panasqueira W–Sn–Cu deposit, Portugal
Creators: name: Codeço, Marta S.
name: Weis, Philipp
name: Trumbull, Robert B.
name: Van Hinsberg, Vincent
name: Pinto, Filipe
name: Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar
name: Schleicher, Anja M.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: White mica and tourmaline are the dominant hydrothermal alteration minerals at the world-class Panasqueira W-Sn-Cu deposit in Portugal. Thus, understanding the controls on their chemical composition helps to constrain ore formation processes at this deposit and determine their usefulness as pathfinder minerals for mineralization in general. We combine whole-rock geochemistry of altered and unaltered metasedimentary host rocks with in situ LA-ICP-MS measurements of tourmaline and white mica from the alteration halo. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to better identify geochemical patterns and trends of hydrothermal alteration in the datasets. The hydrothermally altered metasediments are enriched in As, Sn, Cs, Li, W, F, Cu, Rb, Zn, Tl, and Pb relative to unaltered samples. In situ mineral analyses show that most of these elements preferentially partition into white mica over tourmaline (Li, Rb, Cs, Tl, W, and Sn), whereas Zn is enriched in tourmaline. White mica has distinct compositions in different settings within the deposit (greisen, vein selvages, wall rock alteration zone, late fault zone), indicating a compositional evolution with time. In contrast, tourmaline from different settings overlaps in composition, which is ascribed to a stronger dependence on host rock composition and also to the effects of chemical zoning and microinclusions affecting the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Hence, in this deposit, white mica is the better recorder of the fluid composition. The calculated trace-element contents of the Panasqueira mineralizing fluid based on the mica data and estimates of mica-fluid partition coefficients are in good agreement with previous fluid-inclusion analyses. A compilation of mica and tourmaline trace-element compositions from Panasqueira and other W-Sn deposits shows that white mica has good potential as a pathfinder mineral, with characteristically high Li, Cs, Rb, Sn, and W contents. The trace-element contents of hydrothermal tourmaline are more variable. Nevertheless, the compiled data suggest that high Sn and Li contents are distinctive for tourmaline from W-Sn deposits.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1342
Analysis of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods on Medical Image Classification
Creators: name: Jogani, Vinay
name: Purohit, Joy
name: Shivhare, Ishaan
name: Shrawne, Seema C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of deep learning in computer vision tasks such as image classification has led to a rapid increase in the performance of such systems. Due to this substantial increment in the utility of these systems, the use of artificial intelligence in many critical tasks has exploded. In the medical domain, medical image classification systems are being adopted due to their high accuracy and near parity with human physicians in many tasks. However, these artificial intelligence systems are extremely complex and are considered black boxes by scientists, due to the difficulty in interpreting what exactly led to the predictions made by these models. When these systems are being used to assist high-stakes decision-making, it is extremely important to be able to understand, verify and justify the conclusions reached by the model. The research techniques being used to gain insight into the black-box models are in the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In this paper, we evaluated three different XAI methods across two convolutional neural network models trained to classify lung cancer from histopathological images. We visualized the outputs and analyzed the performance of these methods, in order to better understand how to apply explainable artificial intelligence in the medical domain.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 2023 Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communications and Sustainable Technologies ICAECT 2023 scheduled to be held at Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus SSTC, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India during 05 06, January 2022
Percnobracon pampeanus Martinez, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Martinez, Juan José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Percnobracon
Percnobracon pampeanus

description: Percnobracon pampeanus Martinez, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–4)
 Diagnosis: Head 0.75 to 0.80 times as long as high; mesoscutum stronlgy angled in lateral view, 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide; notauli mostly obscured by sculpturing; propodeum smooth medially with a few poolry idicated carinae; forewing vein 2RS 0.40 to 0.50 times as long as vein (RS+M)b.
 Female. Body length: 1.7–2.2 mm.
 Colour: Dark reddish brown, base of antenna, face, mouthparts, trochantelli and tarsomeres I to IV lighter, telotarsi distinctly darker. Forewing infuscate with hyaline patterns as in figure 1, hind wing hyaline.
 Head: 14 to 16 antennomeres; head 0.75 to 0.80 times as long as high; face rugulose; vertex and temple strigate, oral opening small, maximum diameter 0.6 to 0.8 times the lenght of malar space, eye relatively small, malar space 0.50 to 0.60 times eye height.
 Mesosoma: Mostly coarsely coriaceous to rugulose, 0.60 to 0.70 times as high as long. Pronotum with a transverse scrobiculate groove. Mesoscutum strongly angled anteriorly, completely covering pronotum dorsally. Mesoscutum 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide (Fig. 2), with a posteromedian carina, notauli obscured by sculpturing, represented only by a few hollows anteriorly. Scutellum strongly convex and somewhat smoother than mesoscutum. Propodeum mostly smooth medially, only with weak carinae (Fig. 3). Forewing with vein 2RS 0.4–0.5 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 1).
 Metasoma: Tergum I with smooth area distinctly shorter than half the length of the segment (Fig. 3), terga II and III weakly striate, remainder of terga coriaceous basally and smooth apically. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 to 0.7 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 4)
 Male: Unknown. One male, fully winged, collected by sweeping the branches of Prosopis caldenia, may represent the male of Percnobracon pampeanus. Has similar wing venation and propodeum structure to female, but proportions of mesoscutum are similar to those of P. rugosus.
 Biology: Reared from galls of Dasineurini (Cecidomyiidae) on P. c a l d e n i a.
 Etymology: The specific name derives from the spanish gentilitious adjective “ pampeano” in reference to the known distribution of this species.
 Distribution: La Pampa, Argentina.
  Material examined: Holotype female  — ARGENTINA: La Pampa, Santa Rosa, 1/IV/ 2005, from galls of Dasineurini on P. c a l d e n i a, Martinez (MACN).  Paratypes —  ARGE NTINA: 3 females, same data as holotype (MACN, one specimen at IFML); La Pampa, Santa Rosa: 2 females, 16/IX/2004, from galls of Dasineurini on P. caldenia, Martinez (MACN, one specimen at IFML).
description: Published as part of Martinez, Juan José, 2006, Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls, pp. 49-58 in Zootaxa 1282 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
NP-hard but no longer hard to solve? Using quantum computing to tackle optimization problems
Creators: name: Au-Yeung, Rhonda
name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Halffmann, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C27, 68Q12, 81P68, 01A67

description: In the last decade, public and industrial research funding has moved quantum computing from the early promises of Shor's algorithm through experiments to the era of noisy intermediate scale quantum devices (NISQ) for solving real-world problems. It is likely that quantum methods can efficiently solve certain (NP-)hard optimization problems where classical approaches fail. In our perspective, we examine the field of quantum optimization where we solve optimisation problems using quantum computers. We demonstrate this through a proper use case and discuss the current quality of quantum computers, their solver capabilities, and benchmarking difficulties. Although we show a proof-of-concept rather than a full benchmark, we use the results to emphasize the importance of using appropriate metrics when comparing quantum and classical methods. We conclude with discussion on some recent quantum optimization breakthroughs and the current status and future directions.
description: 15 pages, 3 figure, submitted to Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology, section Quantum Engineering
Iterative Few-shot Semantic Segmentation from Image Label Text
Creators: name: Wang, Haohan
name: Liu, Liang
name: Zhang, Wuhao
name: Zhang, Jiangning
name: Gan, Zhenye
name: Wang, Yabiao
name: Wang, Chengjie
name: Wang, Haoqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-shot semantic segmentation aims to learn to segment unseen class objects with the guidance of only a few support images. Most previous methods rely on the pixel-level label of support images. In this paper, we focus on a more challenging setting, in which only the image-level labels are available. We propose a general framework to firstly generate coarse masks with the help of the powerful vision-language model CLIP, and then iteratively and mutually refine the mask predictions of support and query images. Extensive experiments on PASCAL-5i and COCO-20i datasets demonstrate that our method not only outperforms the state-of-the-art weakly supervised approaches by a significant margin, but also achieves comparable or better results to recent supervised methods. Moreover, our method owns an excellent generalization ability for the images in the wild and uncommon classes. Code will be available at https://github.com/Whileherham/IMR-HSNet.
description: ijcai 2022
Lessons Learned and Results from Applying Data-Driven Cost Estimation to Industrial Data Sets
Creators: name: Heidrich, Jens
name: Trendowicz, Adam
name: Münch, Jürgen
name: Ishigai, Yasushi
name: Yokoyama, Kenji
name: Kikuchi, Nahomi
name: Kawaguchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing availability of cost-relevant data in industry allows companies to apply data-intensive estimation methods. However, available data are often inconsistent, invalid, or incomplete, so that most of the existing data-intensive estimation methods cannot be applied. Only few estimation methods can deal with imperfect data to a certain extent (e.g., Optimized Set Reduction, OSR(c)). Results from evaluating these methods in practical environments are rare. This article describes a case study on the application of OSR(c) at Toshiba Information Systems (Japan) Corporation. An important result of the case study is that estimation accuracy significantly varies with the data sets used and the way of preprocessing these data. The study supports current results in the area of quantitative cost estimation and clearly illustrates typical problems. Experiences, lessons learned, and recommendations with respect to data preprocessing and data-intensive cost estimation in general are presented.
description: 10 pages. The final publication is available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4335245
The Financial Market of Indices of Socioeconomic Wellbeing
Creators: name: Mahanama, Thilini V.
name: Shirvani, Abootaleb
name: Rachev, Svetlozar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The financial industry should be involved in mitigating the risk of downturns in the financial wellbeing indices around the world by implementing well-developed financial tools such as insurance instruments on the underlying wellbeing indices. We define a new quantitative measure of the wellbeing of a country's population for those countries using the world development indicators provided by the World Bank. We monetize the indices of socioeconomic wellbeing, which serve as "risky assets," and consequently develop a global financial market for them, which serves as a "market of indices of socioeconomic wellbeing." Then, we compare the wellbeing of different countries using financial econometric analysis and dynamic asset pricing theory. We provide the optimal portfolio weight composition along with the efficient frontiers of the wellbeing socioeconomic indices with different risk-return measures. We derive insurance instruments, such as put options, which allow the financial industry to monitor, manage, and trade these indices, creating the funds for insurance against adverse movements of those indices. Our findings should help financial institutions to incorporate socioeconomic issues as an additional dimension to their "two-dimensional" risk-return adjusted optimal financial portfolios.
description: 33 pages, 20 figures
Data, Data, Everywhere: Uncovering Everyday Data Experiences for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Creators: name: Wu, Keke
name: Tran, Michelle H
name: Petersen, Emma
name: Koushik, Varsha
name: Szafir, Danielle Albers
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data is everywhere but may not be accessible to everyone. Conventional data visualization tools and guidelines often do not actively consider the specific needs and abilities of people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), leaving them excluded from data-driven activities and vulnerable to ethical issues. To understand the needs and challenges people with IDD have with data, we conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with individuals with IDD and their caregivers. Our algorithmic interview approach situated data in the lived experiences of people with IDD to uncover otherwise hidden data encounters in their everyday life. Drawing on findings and observations, we characterize how they conceptualize data, when and where they use data, and what barriers exist when they interact with data. We use our results as a lens to reimagine the role of visualization in data accessibility and establish a critical near-term research agenda for cognitively accessible visualization.
A new Frobenius exact structure on the category of complexes
Creators: name: Ben, Yan-Fu
name: Bao, Yan-Hong
name: Du, Xian-Neng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E30, 18E10, 16E35

description: Let $(1)$ be an automorphism on an additive category $\mathcal{B}$, and let $η\colon (1)\to {\rm Id}_{\mathcal{B}}$ be a natural transformation satisfying $η_{X(1)}=η_X(1)$ for any object $X$ in $\mathcal{B}$. We construct a new Frobenius exact structure on the category of complexes in $\mathcal{B}$, which is associated to the natural transformation $η$. As a consequence, the category introduced in Definition 2.4 of [J. Rickard, Morita theory for derived categories, J. London Math. Soc. 39(1989), 436-456] has a Frobenius exact structure.
description: 15 pages
Giant periodic pseudo-magnetic fields in strained kagome magnet FeSn epitaxial films on SrTiO$_3$(111) substrate
Creators: name: Zhang, Huimin
name: Weinert, Michael
name: Li, Lian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum materials, particularly Dirac materials with linearly dispersing bands, can be effectively tuned by strain-induced lattice distortions leading to a pseudo-magnetic field that strongly modulates their electronic properties. Here, we grow kagome magnet FeSn films, consisting of alternatingly stacked Sn$_2$ honeycomb (stanene) and Fe$_3$Sn kagome layers, on SrTiO$_3$(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we show that the Sn honeycomb layer can be periodically deformed by epitaxial strain for film thickness below 10 nm, resulting in differential conductance peaks consistent with Landau levels generated by a pseudo-magnetic field greater than 1000 T. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of strain engineering the electronic properties of topological magnets at the nanoscale.
description: 46 pages
Supplementary information from Perceptual oddities: assessing the relationship between film editing and prediction processes
Creators: name: Drew, Alice
name: Soto-Faraco, Salvador
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 520499
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified

description: During film viewing, humans parse sequences of individual shots into larger narrative structures, often weaving transitions at edit points into an apparently seamless and continuous flow. Editing helps filmmakers manipulate visual transitions to induce feelings of fluency/disfluency, tension/relief, curiosity, expectation and several emotional responses. We propose that the perceptual dynamics induced by film editing can be captured by a predictive processing (PP) framework. We hypothesize that visual discontinuities at edit points produce discrepancies between anticipated and actual sensory input, leading to prediction error. Further, we propose that the magnitude of prediction error depends on the predictability of each shot within the narrative flow, and lay out an account based on conflict monitoring. We test this hypothesis in two empirical studies measuring electroencephalography (EEG) during passive viewing of film excerpts, as well as behavioural responses during an active edit detection task. We report the neural and behavioural modulations at editing boundaries across three levels of narrative depth, showing greater modulations for edits spanning less predictable, deeper narrative transitions. Overall, our contribution lays the groundwork for understanding film editing from a PP perspective.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art and affect in the predictive mind’.
Ground state of a two component dipolar Fermi gas in a harmonic potential
Creators: name: Bienias, Przemyslaw
name: Pawlowski, Krzysztof
name: Pfau, Tilman
name: Rzazewski, Kazimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interacting two component Fermi gases are at the heart of our understanding of macroscopic quantum phenomena like superconductivity. Changing nature of the interaction is expected to head to novel quantum phases. Here we study the ground state of a two component fermionic gas in a harmonic potential with dipolar and contact interactions. Using a variational Wigner function we present the phase diagram of the system with equal but opposite values of the magnetic moment. We identify the second order phase transition from paramagnetic to ferronematic phase. Moreover, we show the impact of the experimentally relevant magnetic field on the stability and the magnetization of the system. We also investigate a two component Fermi gas with large but almost equal values of the magnetic moment to study how the interplay between contact and dipolar interactions affects the stability properties of the mixture. To be specific we discuss experimentally relevant parameters for ultracold $^{161}$Dy.
Explaining the behavior of joint and marginal Monte Carlo estimators in latent variable models with independence assumptions
Creators: name: Vitoratou, Silia
name: Ntzoufras, Ioannis
name: Moustaki, Irini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In latent variable models the parameter estimation can be implemented by using the joint or the marginal likelihood, based on independence or conditional independence assumptions. The same dilemma occurs within the Bayesian framework with respect to the estimation of the Bayesian marginal (or integrated) likelihood, which is the main tool for model comparison and averaging. In most cases, the Bayesian marginal likelihood is a high dimensional integral that cannot be computed analytically and a plethora of methods based on Monte Carlo integration (MCI) are used for its estimation. In this work, it is shown that the joint MCI approach makes subtle use of the properties of the adopted model, leading to increased error and bias in finite settings. The sources and the components of the error associated with estimators under the two approaches are identified here and provided in exact forms. Additionally, the effect of the sample covariation on the Monte Carlo estimators is examined. In particular, even under independence assumptions the sample covariance will be close to (but not exactly) zero which surprisingly has a severe effect on the estimated values and their variability. To address this problem, an index of the sample's divergence from independence is introduced as a multivariate extension of covariance. The implications addressed here are important in the majority of practical problems appearing in Bayesian inference of multi-parameter models with analogous structures.
Investigation of reinforcement learning for shape optimization of profile extrusion dies
Creators: name: Fricke, Clemens
name: Wolff, Daniel
name: Kemmerling, Marco
name: Elgeti, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8; I.6.3; J.2

description: Profile extrusion is a continuous production process for manufacturing plastic profiles from molten polymer. Especially interesting is the design of the die, through which the melt is pressed to attain the desired shape. However, due to an inhomogeneous velocity distribution at the die exit or residual stresses inside the extrudate, the final shape of the manufactured part often deviates from the desired one. To avoid these deviations, the shape of the die can be computationally optimized, which has already been investigated in the literature using classical optimization approaches. A new approach in the field of shape optimization is the utilization of Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a learning-based optimization algorithm. RL is based on trial-and-error interactions of an agent with an environment. For each action, the agent is rewarded and informed about the subsequent state of the environment. While not necessarily superior to classical, e.g., gradient-based or evolutionary, optimization algorithms for one single problem, RL techniques are expected to perform especially well when similar optimization tasks are repeated since the agent learns a more general strategy for generating optimal shapes instead of concentrating on just one single problem. In this work, we investigate this approach by applying it to two 2D test cases. The flow-channel geometry can be modified by the RL agent using so-called Free-Form Deformation, a method where the computational mesh is embedded into a transformation spline, which is then manipulated based on the control-point positions. In particular, we investigate the impact of utilizing different agents on the training progress and the potential of wall time saving by utilizing multiple environments during training.
description: 35 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Advances in Computational Science and Engineering (ACSE)
The atlas of the diagrams for the generalization of the 4th Appelrot class of especially remarkable motions to a gyrostat in a double force field
Creators: name: Ryabov, Pavel E.
name: Smirnov, Gleb E.
name: Kharlamov, Mikhail P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70E17, 70G40

description: For the system with two degrees of freedom, which is an analogue of the 4th Appelrot class for a gyrostat of the Kowalevski type in a double force field the problem of the classification of bifurcation diagrams is solved. The separating set is built and its completeness is proved. All transformations taking place in the diagrams are shown. The results serve as a necessary part of solving the problem of obtaining the topological invariants for the Reyman - Semenov-Tian-Shansky system.
description: LaTex, 15 pages, 4 figures (In Russian)
Finite temperature ferromagnetic transition in coherently coupled Bose gases
Creators: name: Roy, Arko
name: Ota, Miki
name: Dalfovo, Franco
name: Recati, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A paramagnetic-ferromagnetic quantum phase transition is known to occur at zero temperature in a two-dimensional coherently-coupled Bose mixture of dilute ultracold atomic gases provided the interspecies interaction strength is large enough. Here we study the fate of such a transition at finite temperature by performing numerical simulations with the stochastic (projected) Gross-Pitaevskii formalism, which includes both thermal and beyond mean-field effects. By extracting the average magnetization, the magnetic fluctuations and characteristic relaxation frequency (or, critical slowing down), we identify a finite temperature critical line for the transition. We find that the critical point shifts linearly with temperature and, in addition, the three quantities used to probe the transition exhibit a temperature power-law scaling. The scaling of the critical slowing down is found to be consistent with thermal critical exponents and is very well approximated by the square of the spin excitation gap at the zero-temperature.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Oscillations of Highly Magnetized Non-rotating Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Leung, Man Yin
name: Yip, Anson Ka Long
name: Cheong, Patrick Chi-Kit
name: Li, Tjonnie Guang Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly magnetized neutron stars are promising candidates to explain some of the most peculiar astronomical phenomena, for instance, fast radio bursts, gamma-ray bursts, and superluminous supernovae. Pulsations of these highly magnetized neutron stars are also speculated to produce detectable gravitational waves. In addition, pulsations are important probes of the structure and equation of state of the neutron stars. The major challenge in studying the pulsations of highly magnetized neutron stars is the demanding numerical cost of consistently solving the nonlinear Einstein and Maxwell equations under minimum assumptions. With the recent breakthroughs in numerical solvers, we investigate pulsation modes of non-rotating neutron stars which harbour strong purely toroidal magnetic fields of $10^{15-17}$ G through two-dimensional axisymmetric general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We show that stellar oscillations are insensitive to magnetization effects until the magnetic to binding energy ratio goes beyond 10%, where the pulsation mode frequencies are strongly suppressed. We further show that this is the direct consequence of the decrease in stellar compactness when the extreme magnetic fields introduce strong deformations of the neutron stars.
Visualization of Job Scheduling in Grid Computers
Creators: name: Awad, M A
name: Rashad, M Z
name: Elsoud, M A
name: El-dosuky, M A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the hot problems in grid computing is job scheduling. It is known that the job scheduling is NP-complete, and thus the use of heuristics is the de facto approach to deal with this practice in its difficulty. The proposed is an imagination to fish swarm, job dispatcher and Visualization gridsim to execute some jobs.
Detrending moving-average cross-correlation coefficient: Measuring cross-correlations between non-stationary series
Creators: name: Kristoufek, Ladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the paper, we introduce a new measure of correlation between possibly non-stationary series. As the measure is based on the detrending moving-average cross-correlation analysis (DMCA), we label it as the DMCA coefficient $ρ_{DMCA}(λ)$ with a moving average window length $λ$. We analytically show that the coefficient ranges between -1 and 1 as a standard correlation does. In the simulation study, we show that the values of $ρ_{DMCA}(λ)$ very well correspond to the true correlation between the analyzed series regardless the (non-)stationarity level. Dependence of the newly proposed measure on other parameters -- correlation level, moving average window length and time series length -- is discussed as well.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary figure S1, tables S1-S4 from Evolution of the polycrisis: Anthropocene traps that challenge global sustainability
Creators: name: Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter
name: Jansen, Raf E. V.
name: Avila Ortega, Daniel I.
name: Wang-Erlandsson, Lan
name: Donges, Jonathan F.
name: Österblom, Henrik
name: Olsson, Per
name: Nyström, Magnus
name: Lade, Steve J.
name: Hahn, Thomas
name: Folke, Carl
name: Peterson, Garry D.
name: Crépin, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The Anthropocene is characterized by accelerating change and global challenges of increasing complexity. Inspired by what some have called a polycrisis, we explore whether the Anthropocene human trajectory of increasing prosperity and influence on the Earth system could become a form of cultural evolutionary trap for humanity. Based on an adaptation of the evolutionary traps concept to a global human context, we present results from a participatory mapping. We identify 14 traps and categorize them as either global, technology or structural traps. An assessment of current state, trend and severity reveals that 12 traps (86%) could be in an advanced phase of trapping with high risk of hard-to-reverse lock-ins with growing risks of negative impacts on human well-being. Ten traps (71%) currently see growing trends of indicators. Revealing the systemic nature of the polycrisis we assess that Anthropocene traps often interact reinforcingly (45% of pairwise interactions), and rarely in a dampening fashion (3%). We end by discussing capacities that will be important for navigating these systemic challenges in pursuit of global sustainability. Doing so, we introduce evolvability as a unifying concept for such research between the sustainability and evolutionary sciences.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis’.
A Method to Load Tellurium in Liquid Scintillator for the Study of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Creators: name: Auty, D. J.
name: Bartlett, D.
name: Biller, S. D.
name: Chauhan, D.
name: Chen, M.
name: Chkvorets, O.
name: Connolly, S.
name: Dai, X.
name: Fletcher, E.
name: Frankiewicz, K.
name: Gooding, D.
name: Grant, C.
name: Hall, S.
name: Horne, D.
name: Hans, S.
name: Hreljac, B.
name: Kaptanoglu, T.
name: Krar, B.
name: Kraus, C.
name: Kroupova', T.
name: Lam, I.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Maguire, S.
name: Miller, C.
name: Manecki, S.
name: Rosero, R.
name: Segui, L.
name: Sharma, M. K.
name: Tacchino, S.
name: Tam, B.
name: Tian, L.
name: Veinot, J. G. C.
name: Walton, S. C.
name: Weigand, J. J.
name: Wright, A.
name: Yeh, M.
name: Zhao, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method has been developed to load tellurium into liquid scintillator so as to permit searches for neutrinoless double beta decay with high sensitivity. The approach involves the synthesis of an oil-soluble tellurium compound from telluric acid and an organic diol. The process utilises distillable chemicals that can be safely handled underground and affords low radioactive backgrounds, low optical absorption and high light yields at loading levels of at least several percent Te by weight.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Wilson-Bappu Effect: Extended to Surface Gravity
Creators: name: Park, Sunkyung
name: Kang, Wonseok
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Lee, Sang-Gak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wilson and Bappu found a tight correlation between the stellar absolute visual magnitude (Mv) and the width of the Ca II K emission line for late-type stars in 1957. Here, we revisit the Wilson-Bappu relationship (hereafter, WBR) to claim that WBR can be an excellent indicator of stellar surface gravity of late-type stars as well as a distance indicator. We have measured the width (W) of the Ca II K emission line in high resolution spectra of 125 late-type stars, which were obtained with Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) and adopted from the UVES archive. Based on our measurement of the emission line width (W), we have obtained a WBR of Mv = 33.76 - 18.08 logW. In order to extend the WBR to be a surface gravity indicator, the stellar atmospheric parameters such as effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (logg), metallicity ([Fe/H]), and micro-turbulence ($ξ_{tur}$) have been derived from the self-consistent detailed analysis using the Kurucz stellar atmospheric model and the abundance analysis code, MOOG. Using these stellar parameters and logW, we found that logg = - 5.85 logW + 9.97 logTeff - 23.48 for late-type stars.
Supplementary figure S1, tables S1-S4 from Evolution of the polycrisis: Anthropocene traps that challenge global sustainability
Creators: name: Jørgensen, Peter Søgaard
name: Jansen, Raf E. V.
name: Avila Ortega, Daniel I.
name: Erlandsson, Lan Wang
name: Donges, Jonathan
name: Österblom, Henrik
name: Olsson, Per
name: Nyström, Magnus
name: Lade, Steve
name: Hahn, Thomas
name: Folke, Carl
name: Peterson, Garry D.
name: Crepin, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023

description: The Anthropocene is characterized by accelerating change and global challenges of increasing complexity. Inspired by what some have called a polycrisis, we explore whether the Anthropocene human trajectory of increasing prosperity and influence on the Earth system could become a form of cultural evolutionary trap for humanity. Based on an adaptation of the evolutionary traps concept to a global human context, we present results from a participatory mapping. We identify 14 traps and categorize them as either global, technology or structural traps. An assessment of current state, trend and severity reveal that 12 traps (86%) could be in an advanced phase of trapping with high risk of hard-to-reverse lock-ins with growing risks of negative impacts on human well-being. Ten traps (71%) currently see growing trends of indicators. Revealing the systemic nature of the polycrisis we assess that Anthropocene traps often interact reinforcingly (45% of pairwise interactions), and rarely dampening (3%). We end by discussing capacities that will be important for navigating these systemic challenges in pursuit of global sustainability. Doing so, we introduce evolvability as a unifying concept for such research between the sustainability and evolutionary sciences.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis’.