cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency broadband THz emission via diffraction-radiation cavity
Creators: name: Honda, Yosuke
name: Shimada, Miho
name: Aryshev, Alexander
name: Kato, Ryukou
name: Miyajima, Tsukasa
name: Obina, Takashi
name: Takai, Ryota
name: Uchiyama, Takashi
name: Yamamoto, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerator-based terahertz (THz) radiation has been expected to realize a high-power broadband source. Employing a low-emittance and short-bunch electron beam at a high repetition rate, a scheme of coherent diffraction-radiation in an optical cavity layout is proposed. The scheme's stimulated radiation process between bunches can greatly enhance the efficiency of the radiation emission. We performed an experiment with a superconducting linac constructed as an energy recovery linac (ERL) test facility. The electron beam passes through small holes in the cavity mirrors without being destroyed. A sharp THz resonance signal, which indicates broadband stimulated radiation correlated with beam deceleration, was observed while scanning the round-trip length of the cavity. This observation proves the efficient beam-to-radiation energy conversion due to the stimulated radiation process.
description: 13 pages , 20 figures
Lifelong Continual Learning for Anomaly Detection: New Challenges, Perspectives, and Insights
Creators: name: Faber, Kamil
name: Corizzo, Roberto
name: Sniezynski, Bartlomiej
name: Japkowicz, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection is of paramount importance in many real-world domains, characterized by evolving behavior. Lifelong learning represents an emerging trend, answering the need for machine learning models that continuously adapt to new challenges in dynamic environments while retaining past knowledge. However, limited efforts are dedicated to building foundations for lifelong anomaly detection, which provides intrinsically different challenges compared to the more widely explored classification setting. In this paper, we face this issue by exploring, motivating, and discussing lifelong anomaly detection, trying to build foundations for its wider adoption. First, we explain why lifelong anomaly detection is relevant, defining challenges and opportunities to design anomaly detection methods that deal with lifelong learning complexities. Second, we characterize learning settings and a scenario generation procedure that enables researchers to experiment with lifelong anomaly detection using existing datasets. Third, we perform experiments with popular anomaly detection methods on proposed lifelong scenarios, emphasizing the gap in performance that could be gained with the adoption of lifelong learning. Overall, we conclude that the adoption of lifelong anomaly detection is important to design more robust models that provide a comprehensive view of the environment, as well as simultaneous adaptation and knowledge retention.
Semi-synthesis of a novel hybrid isoxazolidino withaferin via chemoselective and diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition reaction
Creators: name: Ramkrishna Mandal
name: Singh, Meenakshi
name: Amrutha A.V. Krishnan
name: Dahat, Yogita H.
name: Bharitkar, Yogesh P.
name: V. Ravichandiran
name: Abhijit Hazra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A facile, atom-economic synthesis of isoxazilidino withaferin, a novel hybrid of withaferin A, has been accomplished via two-step reaction of nitrone synthesis followed by nitrone 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The reaction is highly chemoselective (preferential reaction only on one of the two double bonds present on withaferin A) and diastereoselective affording exclusively the cis-fused products. The structure was determined by detailed analysis of 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectral data.
Synthesis and characterization of novel functional poly(vinyl alcohol-co-styrene sulfonic acid) copolymers
Creators: name: Rikarani R. Choudhury
name: Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
name: Mohanty, Smita
name: Nayak, Sanjay Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This paper first time reports the preparation of random anionic copolymers from vinyl acetate (VAc) bearing electro-donating substituent and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (SSA) having electro-withdrawing substituent. Copolymers (PVA-co-SSA) of different composition have been successfully prepared by a simple free radical solution polymerization technique. Resulting final copolymer contained neutral hydrophilic as well as ionizable ion exchange sites. Evaluation of spectral data obtained from Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance helped in identifying and confirming the chemical structure of copolymers. Characterization of copolymers by gel permeation chromatography revealed high molecular weight with moderate polydispersity index. Analysis of thermal stability and glass transition temperature of copolymers by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were found in between corresponding homopolymers. Physicochemical properties of PVA-co-SSA can be beneficial for prospective advanced application in the niche area of smart membrane technology for energy and environment.
Type-II antiferromagnetic ordering in double perovskite oxide Sr$_2$NiWO$_6$
Creators: name: Su, Cheng
name: Zeng, Xu-Tao
name: Sun, Kaitong
name: Sheptyakov, Denis
name: Chen, Ziyu
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Li, Haifeng
name: Jin, Wentao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic double perovskite compounds provide a fertile playground to explore interesting electronic and magnetic properties. By complementary macroscopic characterizations, neutron powder diffraction measurements and first-principles calculations, we have performed comprehensive studies on the magnetic ordering in the double perovskite compound Sr$_2$NiWO$_6$. It is found by neutron diffraction to order magnetically in a collinear type-II antiferromagnetic structure in a tetragonal lattice with $k$ = (0.5, 0, 0.5) below $T\rm_N$ = 56 K. In the ground state, the ordered moment of the spin-1 Ni$^{2+}$ ions is determined to be 1.9(2) $μ\rm_{B}$, indicating a significant quenching of the orbital moment. The Ni$^{2+}$ moments in Sr$_2$NiWO$_6$ are revealed to cant off the $c$ axis by 29.2$^{\circ}$, which is well supported by the first-principles magnetic anisotropy energy calculations. Furthermore, the in-plane and out-of-plane next-nearest-neighbor superexchange couplings ($J\rm_2$ and $J\rm_{2c}$) are found to play a dominant role in the spin Hamiltonian of Sr$_2$NiWO$_6$, which accounts for the stabilization of the type-II AFM structure as its magnetic ground state.
description: 10 Pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Additional file 1 of Impact of plasma potassium normalization on short-term mortality in patients with hypertension and hypokalemia or low normal potassium
Creators: name: Krogager, Maria Lukács
name: Søgaard, Peter
name: Torp-Pedersen, Christian
name: Bøggild, Henrik
name: Lee, Christina Ji-Young
name: Bonde, Anders
name: Thomassen, Jesper Q.
name: Gislason, Gunnar
name: Pareek, Manan
name: Kragholm, Kristian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Study on Unexpected Bioenergetic Function of Neuromelanin. Implications in the Biology of Learning and Memory
Creators: name: Herrera, Arturo Solis
name: Arias, Ruth I. Solis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Hydrogen
energy
memory
eukaryotic cell
neurons
cerebral cortex
Substantia nigra

description: Progressive Recent Memory loss is the main complaint in Alzheimer’s disease patients. There is not a simple or congruous explanation yet due to highly complex mechanisms by which the Central Nervous System store and organize experiences every day, developed along 4 billion years of evolution; thereby learning and memory are poorly understood bio-logical processes. The finding of the unsuspected intrinsic property of melanin to transforms light into chemical energy through water dissociation, as chlorophyll in plants; opens a new and wider horizon in the form in which the CNS generate and distribute chemical energy transporting it through molecular hydrogen produced by substantia nigra of mesencephalon and other pigmented structures. The mechanisms by which human modifies their behavior through learning and memory remain a mystery despite several decades of research. However, the unexpected role of melanin molecule bioenergetics of first order, very above the chlorophyll and glucose, indicates that the study of the fascinating processes involved in learning and memory several levels, needs to be started with the study of the generation and distribution of energy neuro-melanin -releasing to all the brain. Glucose is the universal precursor of any organic matter in our body, but cannot provide the energy that its own metabolism requires. In this article, we explain succinctly, the way hydrogen molecular (H2) -gas-, from the dissociation of water by the neuro melanin, moves from its source and permeates easily through the different structures of the Central Nervous System, as well as be the smaller atom, does not combine with water, moving through it in accordance with the laws of the simple diffusion. Molecular hydrogen is the main carrier of energy that nature uses in the entire universe, so that, once the neuro melanin separates it from the water, this displaces transporting its precious cargo of energy and its remarkable antioxidant capacity capable of reduce oxygen and form water.
Solar models and electron screening
Creators: name: Weiss, A.
name: Flaskamp, M.
name: Tsytovich, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the solar model to changes in the nuclear reaction screening factors. We show that the sound speed profile as determined by helioseismology certainly rules out changes in the screening factors exceeding more than 10%. A slightly improved solar model could be obtained by enhancing screening by about 5% over the Salpeter value. We also discuss how envelope properties of the Sun depend on screening, too. We conclude that the solar model can be used to help settling the on-going dispute about the ``correct'' screening factors.
description: accepted for publication by Astron. Astrophys
Surface Reconstruction for Three-Dimensional Rockfall Volumetric Analysis
Creators: Bonneau, David
DiFrancesco, Paul-Mark
Hutchinson, D. Jean
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Laser scanning is routinely being used for the characterization and management of rockfall hazards. A key component of many studies is the ability to use the high-resolution topographic datasets for detailed volume estimates. 2.5-Dimensional (2.5D) approaches exist to estimate the volume of rockfall events; however these approaches require rasterization of the point cloud. These 2.5D volume estimates are therefore sensitive to picking an appropriate cell size to preserve resolution while minimizing interpolation, especially for lower volume rockfall events. To overcome the limitations of working with 2.5D raster datasets, surface reconstruction methods originating from the field of computational geometry can be implemented to assess the volume of rockfalls in 3D. In this technical note, the authors address the methods and implications of how the surface of 3D rockfall objects, derived from sequential terrestrial laser scans (TLS), are reconstructed for volumetric analysis. The Power Crust, Convex Hull and Alpha-shape algorithms are implemented to reconstruct a synthetic rockfall object generated in Houdini, a procedural modeling and animation software package. The reconstruction algorithms are also implemented for a selection of three rockfall cases studies which occurred in the White Canyon, British Columbia, Canada. The authors find that there is a trade-off between accurate surface topology reconstruction and ensuring the mesh is watertight manifold; which is required for accurate volumetric estimates. Power Crust is shown to be the most robust algorithm, however, the iterative Alpha-shape approach introduced in the study is also shown to find a balance between hole-filling and loss of detail.
Prior Information Guided Regularized Deep Learning for Cell Nucleus Detection
Creators: name: Tofighi, Mohammad
name: Guo, Tiantong
name: Vanamala, Jairam K. P.
name: Monga, Vishal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cell nuclei detection is a challenging research topic because of limitations in cellular image quality and diversity of nuclear morphology, i.e. varying nuclei shapes, sizes, and overlaps between multiple cell nuclei. This has been a topic of enduring interest with promising recent success shown by deep learning methods. These methods train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with a training set of input images and known, labeled nuclei locations. Many such methods are supplemented by spatial or morphological processing. Using a set of canonical cell nuclei shapes, prepared with the help of a domain expert, we develop a new approach that we call Shape Priors with Convolutional Neural Networks (SP-CNN). We further extend the network to introduce a shape prior (SP) layer and then allowing it to become trainable (i.e. optimizable). We call this network tunable SP-CNN (TSP-CNN). In summary, we present new network structures that can incorporate 'expected behavior' of nucleus shapes via two components: learnable layers that perform the nucleus detection and a fixed processing part that guides the learning with prior information. Analytically, we formulate two new regularization terms that are targeted at: 1) learning the shapes, 2) reducing false positives while simultaneously encouraging detection inside the cell nucleus boundary. Experimental results on two challenging datasets reveal that the proposed SP-CNN and TSP-CNN can outperform state-of-the-art alternatives.
description: Accepted for Publication
The Backfill i3+3 Design for Dose-Finding Trials in Oncology
Creators: name: Liu, Jiaxin
name: Yuan, Shijie
name: Bekele, B. Nebiyou
name: Ji, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a formal statistical design that allows simultaneous enrollment of a main cohort and a backfill cohort of patients in a dose-finding trial. The goal is to accumulate more information at various doses to facilitate dose optimization. The proposed design, called Bi3+3, combines the simple dose-escalation algorithm in the i3+3 design and a model-based inference under the framework of probability of decisions (POD), both previously published. As a result, Bi3+3 provides a simple algorithm for backfilling patients to lower doses in a dose-finding trial once these doses exhibit safety profile in patients. The POD framework allows dosing decisions to be made when some backfill patients are still being followed with incomplete toxicity outcomes, thereby potentially expediting the clinical trial. At the end of the trial, Bi3+3 uses both toxicity and efficacy outcomes to estimate an optimal biological dose (OBD). The proposed inference is based on a dose-response model that takes into account either a monotone or plateau dose-efficacy relationship, which are frequently encountered in modern oncology drug development. Simulation studies show promising operating characteristics of the Bi3+3 design in comparison to existing designs.
Broken Symmetries in Scanning Tunneling Images of Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Kane, C. L.
name: Mele, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scanning tunneling images of carbon nanotubes frequently show electron distributions which break the local sixfold symmetry of the graphene sheet. We present a theory of these images which relates these anisotropies to the off diagonal correlations in the single particle density matrix, and allows one to extract these correlations from the observed images. The theory is applied to images of the low energy states reflected at the end of a tube or by point defects, and to states propagating on defect free semiconducting tubes. The latter exhibit a novel switching of the anisotropy in the tunneling image with the sign of the tunneling bias.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
On estimating the regular normal cone to constraint systems and stationarity conditions
Creators: name: Benko, Matúš
name: Gfrerer, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J53, 90C46

description: Estimating the regular normal cone to constraint systems plays an important role for the derivation of sharp necessary optimality conditions. We present two novel approaches and introduce a new stationarity concept which is stronger than M-stationarity. We apply our theory to three classes of mathematical programs frequently arising in the literature.
description: 35 pages
Few particles with an impurity in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
Creators: name: Rojo-Francàs, Abel
name: Isaule, Felipe
name: Juliá-Díaz, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the static properties of a mobile impurity interacting with a bath with a few particles trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic trap. We consider baths with either identical bosons or distinguishable particles and we focus on the limiting case where the bath is non-interacting. We provide numerical results for the energy spectra and density profiles by means of the exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, and find that these systems show non-trivial solutions, even in the limit of infinite repulsion. A detailed physical interpretation is provided for the lowest energy states. In particular, we find a seemingly universal transition from the impurity being localized in the center of the trap to being expelled outside the majority cloud. We also develop an analytical ansatz and a mean-field solution to compare them with our numerical results in limiting configurations.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Binding energy of localized biexcitons in quantum wells
Creators: name: Riva, C.
name: Varga, K.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variational calculation of the ground state energy of a biexciton in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well is presented. The well width fluctuations leading to trapping of the biexcitons are modeled by a parabolic potential. The results obtained for different well widths are compared with recent experimental data. Good agreement is obtained both for the biexciton binding energy and for the Haynes factor. We find that the structure of a biexciton is similar to the one of the H_2 molecule.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Investigation of Filamentous Fungi Producing Safe, Functional Water-Soluble Pigments
Creators: name: Heo, Young Mok
name: Kyeongwon Kim
name: Kwon, Sun Lul
name: Joorim Na
name: Hanbyul Lee
name: Seokyoon Jang
name: Kim, Chul Hwan
name: Jinho Jung
name: Jae-Jin Kim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The production of water-soluble pigments by fungal strains indigenous to South Korea was investigated to find those that are highly productive in submerged culture. Among 113 candidates, 34 strains that colored the inoculated potato dextrose agar medium were selected. They were cultured in potato dextrose broth and extracted with ethanol. The productivity, functionality (radical-scavenging activities), and color information (CIELAB values) of the pigment extracts were measured. Five species produced intense yellowish pigments, and two produced intense reddish pigments that ranked the highest in terms of absorbance units produced per day. The pigment extracts of Penicillium miczynskii, Sanghuangporus baumii, Trichoderma sp. 1, and Trichoderma afroharzianum exhibited high radical-scavenging activity. However, the S. baumii extract showed moderate toxicity in the acute toxicity test, which limits the industrial application of this pigment. In conclusion, P. miczynskii KUC1721, Trichoderma sp. 1 KUC1716, and T. afroharzianum KUC21213 were the best fungal candidates to be industrial producers of safe, functional water-soluble pigments.
Numerical Comparisons of Three Recently Proposed Algorithms in the Protein Folding Problem
Creators: name: Hansmann, Ulrich H. E.
name: Okamoto, Yuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We compare numerically the effectiveness of three recently proposed algorithms, multicanonical simulations, simulations in a 1/k-ensemble, and simulated tempering for the protein folding problem. For this we perform simulations with high statistics for one of the simplest peptides, Met-enkephalin. While the performances of all three approaches is much better than traditional methods, we find that the differences among the three are only marginal.
description: Latex, no figures include, for reprints send e-mail to authors
A Scale-Separated Approach for Studying Coupled Ion and Electron Scale Turbulence
Creators: name: Hardman, M. R.
name: Barnes, M.
name: Roach, C. M.
name: Parra, F. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple space and time scales arise in plasma turbulence in magnetic confinement fusion devices because of the smallness of the square root of the electron-to-ion mass ratio $(m_e/m_i)^{1/2}$ and the consequent disparity of the ion and electron thermal gyroradii and thermal speeds. Direct simulations of this turbulence that include both ion and electron space-time scales indicate that there can be significant interactions between the two scales. The extreme computational expense and complexity of these direct simulations motivates the desire for reduced treatment. By exploiting the scale separation between ion and electron scales,and expanding the gyrokinetic equations for the turbulence in $(m_e/m_i)^{1/2}$, we derive such a reduced system of gyrokinetic equations that describes cross-scale interactions. The coupled gyrokinetic equations contain novel terms which provide candidate mechanisms for the observed cross-scale interaction. The electron scale turbulence experiences a modified drive due to gradients in the ion scale distribution function, and is advected by the ion scale $E \times B$ drift, which varies in the direction parallel to the magnetic field line. The largest possible cross-scale term in the ion scale equations is sub-dominant in our $(m_e/m_i)^{1/2}$ expansion. Hence, in our model the ion scale turbulence evolves independently of the electron scale turbulence. To complete the scale-separated approach, we provide and justify a parallel boundary condition for the coupled gyrokinetic equations in axisymmetric equilibria based on the standard "twist-and-shift" boundary condition. This approach allows one to simulate multi-scale turbulence using electron scale flux tubes nested within an ion scale flux tube.
description: 53 pages, 2 figures
Energy Efficiency Fairness for Multi-Pair Wireless-Powered Relaying Systems
Creators: name: Nguyen, Kien-Giang
name: Vu, Quang-Doanh
name: Tran, Le-Nam
name: Juntti, Markku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a multi-pair amplify-and-forward relay network where the energy-constrained relays adopting time-switching protocol harvest energy from the radio frequency signals transmitted by the users for assisting user data transmission. Both one-way and two-way relaying techniques are investigated. Aiming at energy efficiency (EE) fairness among the user pairs, we construct an energy consumption model incorporating rate-dependent signal processing power, the dependence on output power level of power amplifiers' efficiency, and nonlinear energy harvesting (EH) circuits. Then we formulate the max-min EE fairness problems in which the data rates, users' transmit power, relays' processing coefficient, and EH time are jointly optimized under the constraints on the quality of service and users' maximum transmit power. To achieve efficient suboptimal solutions to these nonconvex problems, we devise monotonic descent algorithms based on the inner approximation (IA) framework, which solve a second-order-cone program in each iteration. To further simplify the designs, we propose an approach combining IA and zero-forcing beamforming, which eliminates inter-pair interference and reduces the numbers of variables and required iterations. Finally, extensive numerical results are presented to validate the proposed approaches. More specifically, the results demonstrate that ignoring the realistic aspects of power consumption might degrade the performance remarkably, and jointly designing parameters involved could significantly enhance the energy efficiency.
description: To appear in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
The Munich Near-Infrared Cluster Survey - I. Field selection, object extraction, and photometry
Creators: name: Drory, N.
name: Feulner, G.
name: Bender, R.
name: Botzler, C. S.
name: Hopp, U.
name: Maraston, C.
name: de Oliveira, C. Mendes
name: Snigula, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Munich Near-IR Cluster Survey (MUNICS) is a wide-area, medium-deep, photometric survey selected in the K' band. It covers an area of roughly one square degree in the K' and J near-IR pass-bands. The survey area consists of 16 6' x 6' fields targeted at QSOs with redshifts 0.5 < z < 2 and 7 28' x 13' stripes targeted at `random' high Galactic latitude fields. Ten of the QSO fields were additionally imaged in R and I, and 0.6 square degrees of the randomly selected fields were also imaged in the V, R, and I bands. The resulting object catalogues were strictly selected in K', having a limiting magnitude (50 per cent completeness) of K' ~ 19.5 mag and J ~ 21 mag, sufficiently deep to detect passively evolving systems up to a redshift of z ~ 1.5 and luminosity of 0.5 L*. The optical data reach a depth of roughly R ~ 23.5 mag. The project's main scientific aims are the identification of galaxy clusters at redshifts around unity and the selection of a large sample of field early-type galaxies at 0 < z < 1.5 for evolutionary studies. In this paper - the first in a series - we describe the survey's concept, the selection of the survey fields, the near-IR and optical imaging and data reduction, object extraction, and the construction of photometric catalogues. Finally, we show the J-K' vs. K' colour-magnitude diagramme and the R-J vs. J-K', V-I vs. J-K', and V-I vs. V-R colour-colour diagrammes for MUNICS objects, together with stellar population-synthesis models for different star-formation histories, and conclude that the data set presented is suitable for extracting a catalogue of massive field galaxies in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.5 for evolutionary studies and follow-up observations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ultra-high quality factor of a levitated nanomechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Dania, Lorenzo
name: Bykov, Dmitry S.
name: Goschin, Florian
name: Teller, Markus
name: Kassid, Abderrahmane
name: Northup, Tracy E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A levitated nanomechanical oscillator under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is highly isolated from its environment. It has been predicted that this isolation leads to very low mechanical dissipation rates. However, a gap persists between predictions and experimental data. Here, we levitate a silica nanoparticle in a linear Paul trap at room temperature, at pressures as low as $7\times10^{-11}$ mbar. We measure a dissipation rate of $2π\times69(22)$ nHz, corresponding to a quality factor exceeding $10^{10}$, more than two orders of magnitude higher than previously shown. A study of the pressure dependence of the particle's damping and heating rates provides insight into the relevant dissipation mechanisms.
Reweighting in nonequilibrium simulations
Creators: name: Dickman, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple reweighting scheme is proposed for Monte Carlo simulations of interacting particle systems, permitting one to study various parameter values in a single study, and improving efficiency by an order of magnitude. Unlike earlier reweighting schemes, the present approach does not require knowledge of the stationary probability distribution, and so is applicable out of equilibrium. The method is applied to the contact process in two and three dimensions, yielding the critical parameter and spreading exponents to unprecedented precision.
description: 8 pages, 4 figs
On line power spectra identification and whitening for the noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Cuoco, E.
name: Calamai, G.
name: Fabbroni, L.
name: Losurdo, G.
name: Mazzoni, M.
name: Stanga, R.
name: Vetrano, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we address both to the problem of identifying the noise Power Spectral Density of interferometric detectors by parametric techniques and to the problem of the whitening procedure of the sequence of data. We will concentrate the study on a Power Spectral Density like the one of the Italian-French detector VIRGO and we show that with a reasonable finite number of parameters we succeed in modeling a spectrum like the theoretical one of VIRGO, reproducing all its features. We propose also the use of adaptive techniques to identify and to whiten on line the data of interferometric detectors. We analyze the behavior of the adaptive techniques in the field of stochastic gradient and in the Least Squares ones.
description: 28 pages, 21 figures, uses iopart.cls accepted for pubblication on Classical and Quantum Gravity
Hybrid Quantum and Classical Mechanical Monte Carlo Simulations of the Interaction of Hydrogen Chloride with Solid Water Clusters
Creators: name: Estrin, Dario A.
name: Kohanoff, Jorge
name: Laria, Daniel H.
name: Weht, Ruben O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations using a hybrid quantum and classical mechanical potential were performed for crystal and amorphous-like HCl-water(n) clusters The subsystem composed by HCl and one water molecule was treated within Density Functional Theory, and a classical force field was used for the rest of the system. Simulations performed at 200 K suggest that the energetic feasibility of HCl dissociation strongly depends on its initial placement within the cluster. An important degree of ionization occurs only if HCl is incorporated into the surface. We observe that local melting does not play a crucial role in the ionization process.
description: 14 Latex pages with 4 postscript figures, to appear in Chem. Phys. Lett
Interplay of resonant states and Landau levels in functionalized graphene
Creators: name: Lee, Jeongsu
name: Kochan, Denis
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adsorbates can drastically alter physical properties of graphene. Particularly important are adatoms and admolecules that induce resonances at the Dirac point. Such resonances limit electron mobilities and spin relaxation times. We present a systematic tight-binding as well as analytical modeling to investigate the properties of resonant states in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. Landau levels are strongly influenced by the resonances, especially close to the Dirac point. Here the cyclotron motion of electrons around a defect leads to the formation of circulating local currents which are manifested by the appearance of side peaks around the zero-energy Landau level. Our study is based on realistic parameters for H, F, and Cu adatoms, each exhibiting distinct spectral features in the magnetic field. We also show that by observing a local density of states around an adatom in the presence of Landau levels useful microscopic model parameters can be extracted.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The Role of Epigenetics in Animal Health and Breeding
Creators: name: Gaurav Patel1,2, Utsav Surati1,2*, Ymberzal Koul1,2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: This article delves into the captivating realm of epigenetics and its profound implications for animal breeding. Unveiling the intricate dance between genes and the environment, we explore compelling examples that showcase how epigenetics shapes traits in animal populations. From the impact of maternal nutrition on offspring health to the influence of stress, environmental pollution, and early life experiences on various traits, this exploration opens new vistas in breeding programs. We discuss how a nuanced understanding of epigenetic factors can empower breeders to make informed decisions, ultimately contributing to the development of animals with enhanced health, resilience, and adaptability. The article emphasizes the importance of embracing epigenetics in animal breeding to usher in a new era of sustainable and thoughtful evolution in our diverse animal populations
Comparing Code Explanations Created by Students and Large Language Models
Creators: name: Leinonen, Juho
name: Denny, Paul
name: MacNeil, Stephen
name: Sarsa, Sami
name: Bernstein, Seth
name: Kim, Joanne
name: Tran, Andrew
name: Hellas, Arto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reasoning about code and explaining its purpose are fundamental skills for computer scientists. There has been extensive research in the field of computing education on the relationship between a student's ability to explain code and other skills such as writing and tracing code. In particular, the ability to describe at a high-level of abstraction how code will behave over all possible inputs correlates strongly with code writing skills. However, developing the expertise to comprehend and explain code accurately and succinctly is a challenge for many students. Existing pedagogical approaches that scaffold the ability to explain code, such as producing exemplar code explanations on demand, do not currently scale well to large classrooms. The recent emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs) may offer a solution. In this paper, we explore the potential of LLMs in generating explanations that can serve as examples to scaffold students' ability to understand and explain code. To evaluate LLM-created explanations, we compare them with explanations created by students in a large course ($n \approx 1000$) with respect to accuracy, understandability and length. We find that LLM-created explanations, which can be produced automatically on demand, are rated as being significantly easier to understand and more accurate summaries of code than student-created explanations. We discuss the significance of this finding, and suggest how such models can be incorporated into introductory programming education.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. To be published in Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1
Thermodynamic topology of 4D Dyonic AdS black holes in different ensembles
Creators: name: Gogoi, Naba Jyoti
name: Phukon, Prabwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic topology of four dimensional dyonic Anti-de-Sitter(AdS) black hole in three different ensembles: canonical, mixed and grand canonical ensemble. While canonical ensemble refers to the ensemble with fixed electric and magnetic charges, mixed ensemble is an ensemble where we fix magnetic charge and electric potential. In the grand canonical ensemble, potentials corresponding to both electric and magnetic charges are kept fixed. In each of these ensembles, we first compute the topological charges associated with critical points. We find that while in both canonical and mixed ensembles, there exists one conventional critical point with topological charge $-1$, in the grand canonical ensemble, we find no critical point. Then, we consider the dyonic AdS black hole as topological defects in thermodynamic space and study its local and global topology by computing the winding numbers at the defects. We observe that while the topologies of the black hole in canonical and mixed ensembles are identical with total topological charge equaling $1$, in the grand canonical ensemble, depending on the values of potentials, the total topological charge is either equal to $0$ or $1$. In canonical and mixed ensembles, either one generation and one annihilation points or no generation/annihilation points are found. In the grand canonical ensemble, depending on the values of potentials, we find either one generation point or no generation/annihilation point. Thus, we infer that the topological class of $4$D dyonic AdS black hole is ensemble dependent.
description: 22 pages, 25 figures
Dual Biocontrol Potential of the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Isaria javanica, for Both Aphids and Plant Fungal Pathogens
Creators: name: Kang, Beom Ryong
name: Han, Ji Hee
name: Kim, Jeong Jun
name: Kim, Young Cheol
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Dual biocontrol of both insects and plant pathogens has been reported for certain fungal entomopathogens, including Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillum spp. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the dual biocontrol potential of two fungal isolates identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses as Isaria javanica. Both these isolates caused mortality in the greater wax moth, and hence can be considered entomopathogens. Spores of the isolates were also pathogenic to nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), with an LC50 value of 107 spores/mL 4 days after inoculation and an LT50 of 4.2 days with a dose of 108 spores/mL. In vitro antifungal assays also demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of two fungi that are pathogenic to peppers, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici. These results indicate that I. javanica isolates could be used as novel biocontrol agents for the simultaneous control of aphids and fungal diseases, such as anthracnose and Phytophthora blight, in an integrated pest management framework for red pepper.
Turbulence-induced optical loss and cross-talk in spatial mode multiplexed or single-mode free-space communication channels
Creators: name: Kravtsov, K. S.
name: Zhutov, A. K.
name: Radchenko, I. V.
name: Kulik, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-mode or mode multiplexed free-space atmospheric optical channels draw increasingly more attention in the last decade. The scope of their possible applications spans from the compatibility with the telecom WDM technology, fiber amplifiers, and modal multiplexing for increasing the channel throughput to various quantum communication related primitives such as entanglement distribution, high-dimensional spatially encoded quantum key distribution, and relativistic quantum cryptography. Many research papers discuss application of specific mode sets, such as optical angular momentum modes, for communication in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. At the same time some basic properties and key relations for such channels exposed to the atmospheric turbulence have not been derived yet. In the current paper we present simple analytic expressions and a general framework for assessing probability density functions of channel transmittance as well as modal cross-talk coefficients. Under some basic assumptions the presented results can be directly used for estimation of the Fried parameter of the turbulent channel based on the measured statistics of the fundamental mode transmittance coefficient.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Exotic decay channels are not the cause of the neutron lifetime anomaly
Creators: name: Dubbers, D.
name: Saul, H.
name: Märkisch, B.
name: Soldner, T.
name: Abele, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since long neutron lifetimes measured with a beam of cold neutrons are significantly different from lifetimes measured with ultracold neutrons bottled in a trap. It is often speculated that this "neutron anomaly" is due to an exotic dark neutron decay channel of unknown origin. We show that this explanation of the neutron anomaly can be excluded with a high level of confidence when use is made of new data on neutron decay parameters. Furthermore, data from neutron decay now compare well with Ft data derived from nuclear \b{eta} decays.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Parameter-free Maximum Likelihood Localization of a Network of Moving Agents from Ranges, Bearings and Velocity measurements
Creators: name: Valdeira, Filipa
name: Soares, Cláudia
name: Gomes, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Localization is a fundamental enabler technology for many applications, like vehicular networks, IoT, and even medicine. While Global Navigation Satellite Systems solutions offer great performance, they are unavailable in scenarios like indoor or underwater environments, and, for large networks, the instrumentation cost is prohibitive. We develop a localization algorithm from ranges and bearings, suitable for generic mobile networks. Our algorithm is built on a tight convex relaxation of the Maximum Likelihood position estimator. To serve positioning to mobile agents, a horizon-based version is developed accounting for velocity measurements at each agent. To solve the convex problem, a distributed gradient-based method is provided. This constitutes an advantage over centralized approaches, which usually exhibit high latency for large networks and present a single point of failure. Additionally, the algorithm estimates all required parameters and effectively becomes parameter-free. Our solution to the dynamic network localization problem is theoretically well-founded and still easy to understand. We obtain a parameter-free, outlier-robust and trajectory-agnostic algorithm, with nearly constant positioning error regardless of the trajectories of agents and anchors, achieving better or comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods, as our simulations show. Furthermore, the method is distributed, convex and does not require any particular anchor configuration.
description: Accepted for publication in Signal Processing
Mapping the magnetic field of flare coronal loops
Creators: name: Kuridze, D.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Morgan, H.
name: Oliver, R.
name: Kleint, L.
name: Zaqarashvili, T. V.
name: Reid, A.
name: Koza, J.
name: Löfdahl, M. G.
name: Hillberg, T.
name: Kukhianidze, V.
name: Hanslmeier, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report on the unique observation of flaring coronal loops at the solar limb using high resolution imaging spectropolarimetry from the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope. The vantage position, orientation and nature of the chromospheric material that filled the flare loops allowed us to determine their magnetic field with unprecedented accuracy using the weak-field approximation method. Our analysis reveals coronal magnetic field strengths as high as 350 Gauss at heights up to 25 Mm above the solar limb. These measurements are substantially higher than a number of previous estimates and may have considerable implications for our current understanding of the extended solar atmosphere.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted in ApJ
Etablierung des Schularchive- Wikis in der Fachgemeinschaft: Open Science in der Quellenrecherche
Creators: name: Hocker, Julian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open science
history of education
semantic web

description: Dies ist die Abschlusspräsentation des Projekts Etablierung des Schularchive-Wikis in der Fachgemeinschaft:Open Science in der Quellenrecherche im Rahmen des Fellow-Programms Freies Wissen von Wikimedia Deutschland