cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Periapical microsurgery: an in-vivo evaluation of endodontic root-end filling materials
Creators: name: Tawil, Peter Zahi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of three apical sealing materials (IRMTM, Geristore® and MTATM) following apical microsurgery in an animal model. Periradicular healing was evaluated using radiographic and histologic indicators. Eighty mandibular premolar roots of beagle dogs were instrumented and intentionally infected. Apical microsurgeries were performed after thirty days without prior disinfection of the root canals. The root ends were resected, apical preparations were made and the retrofill materials were placed with the aid of a Surgical Operating Microscope. After a healing period of six months, the periradicular areas in question were assessed using digital radiographic images and prepared histologic sections. Although Geristore showed no radiographic difference when compared to the other groups, it demonstrated the least favorable healing results in the histologic evaluation. IRM achieved the most favorable healing response both radiographically and histologically but these results were not statistically different from MTA.
Periodic array-based substrates for surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mayerhöfer, Thomas G.
name: Popp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: metamaterials
subject: periodic array-based substrates
subject: plasmonics
subject: sensing
subject: surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy
subject: 530

description: At the beginning of the 1980s, the first reports of surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRS) surfaced. Probably due to signal-enhancement factors of only 101 to 103, which are modest compared to those of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), SEIRS did not reach the same significance up to date. However, taking the compared to Raman scattering much larger cross-sections of infrared absorptions and the enhancement factors together, SEIRS reaches about the same sensitivity for molecular species on a surface in terms of the cross-sections as SERS and, due to the complementary nature of both techniques, can valuably augment information gained by SERS. For the first 20 years since its discovery, SEIRS relied completely on metal island films, fabricated by either vapor or electrochemical deposition. The resulting films showed a strong variance concerning their structure, which was essentially random. Therefore, the increase in the corresponding signal-enhancement factors of these structures stagnated in the last years. In the very same years, however, the development of periodic array-based substrates helped SEIRS to gather momentum. This development was supported by technological progress concerning electromagnetic field solvers, which help to understand plasmonic properties and allow targeted design. In addition, the strong progress concerning modern fabrication methods allowed to implement these designs into practice. The aim of this contribution is to critically review the development of these engineered surfaces for SEIRS, to compare the different approaches with regard to their performance where possible, and report further gain of knowledge around and in relation to these structures.
Potentials and Barriers for Tantalum Recovery from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment
Creators: name: Ueberschaar, Maximilian
name: Jalalpoor, Daniel Dariusch
name: Korf, Nathalie
name: Rotter, Vera Susanne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 629 Andere Fachrichtungen der Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: recycling
subject: critical elements
subject: critical metals
subject: printed circuit boards
subject: precious metals

description: Circular economy approaches aim to close material cycles along the value chain. As such, the circular economy can be a long-term strategy to mitigate the risks of critical raw material (CRM) supply. Tantalum, with a current end-of-life recycling rate of less than 1%, has been intermittently discussed as critical. Even though the specificity of tantalum applications and high-mass fractions of tantalum in relevant components provide good boundary conditions, recycling barriers hinder the successful implementation of recycling technologies. With this case study, we identify potentials and barriers for implementing the recovery of CRM, using the example of tantalum. To this end, information about visually identifiable tantalum capacitors (VICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs) in various equipment types was obtained by disassembly campaigns for mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, notebooks, desktop personal computers, flat screen monitors, servers, etc., and the chemical analyses of resulting fractions. Results show great differences in the application of tantalum in various equipment types. Because of this, the tantalum potential of put-on-market (POM) or of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) devices differs between products and regions. Worldwide, the highest POM tantalum flows originate from desktop computers, but in Germany they originate from notebooks. A focus on particular products leads to higher yields in recycling and supports circular economy approaches. Recycling of tantalum from WEEE is generally possible. But an accurate separation of tantalum from PCBs is not feasible solely by separation of VICs. This process also leads to the loss of silver. Further, this study reveals potential miniaturization trends, decreasing the use of VICs, with an anticipated substitution of tantalum with niobium. These barriers impede long-term recycling strategies for tantalum aimed at establishing a circular economy.
The mediators, moderators, and implementation factors of universal mindfulness programmes in secondary school students and teachers: A scoping review
Creators: name: Maloney, Shannon
name: Tudor, Kate
name: Raja, Anam
name: Baer, Ruth
name: Kuyken, Willem
name: Montero-Marin, Jesus
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Child Psychology
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Community Health
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychological Phenomena and Processes
subject: Adolescents
subject: Mindfulness
subject: School-based interventions
subject: Teachers

description: Authorship: Shannon Maloney and Kate Tudor are co-primary authors, Willem Kuyken is corresponding author (willem.kuyken@psych.ox.ac.uk) and Jesus Montero-Marin is senior author.
A Fractional-Order Infectivity SIR Model
Creators: name: Angstmann, Christopher N
name: Henry, Bruce I
name: McGann, Anna V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D30, 26A33, 34A08

description: Fractional-order SIR models have become increasingly popular in the literature in recent years, however unlike the standard SIR model, they often lack a derivation from an underlying stochastic process. Here we derive a fractional-order infectivity SIR model from a stochastic process that incorporates a time-since-infection dependence on the infectivity of individuals. The fractional derivative appears in the generalised master equations of a continuous time random walk through SIR compartments, with a power-law function in the infectivity. We show that this model can also be formulated as an infection-age structured Kermack-McKendrick integro-differential SIR model. Under the appropriate limit the fractional infectivity model reduces to the standard ordinary differential equation SIR model.
description: 16 pages, no figures
The Toxic Truth About Carbon Nanotubes in Water Purification: a Perspective View
Creators: name: Das, Rasel
name: Leo, Bey Fen
name: Murphy, Finbarr
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Carbon nanotube
subject: Nanosafety
subject: Physicochemical properties
subject: Risk assessment
subject: Water purifications
subject: 600

description: Without nanosafety guidelines, the long-term sustainability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for water purifications is questionable. Current risk measurements of CNTs are overshadowed by uncertainties. New risks associated with CNTs are evolving through different waste water purification routes, and there are knowledge gaps in the risk assessment of CNTs based on their physical properties. Although scientific efforts to design risk estimates are evolving, there remains a paucity of knowledge on the unknown health risks of CNTs. The absence of universal CNT safety guidelines is a specific hindrance. In this paper, we close these gaps and suggested several new risk analysis roots and framework extrapolations from CNT-based water purification technologies. We propose a CNT safety clock that will help assess risk appraisal and management. We suggest that this could form the basis of an acceptable CNT safety guideline. We pay particular emphasis on measuring risks based on CNT physico-chemical properties such as diameter, length, aspect ratio, type, charge, hydrophobicity, functionalities and so on which determine CNT behaviour in waste water treatment plants and subsequent release into the environment.
A class of proximity-sensitive measures of relative deprivation
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Bielawski, Jakub
name: Falniowski, Fryderyk
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 330
subject: Income distribution
subject: Relative deprivation
subject: Sensitivity to the proximity of changes in others’ incomes

description: We introduce a new class of generalized measures of relative deprivation. The class takes the form of a power mean of order p. A characteristic of the class is that depending on the value of the proximity-sensitive parameter p, the class is capable of accommodating both a decreasing weight (the case of p > 1), and an increasing weight (the case of p ∈ (0,1)) accorded to given changes in the incomes of the individuals who are wealthier than the reference individual, depending on their proximity in the income distribution to the reference individual.
The Impact of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution on Educational Outcomes
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanjiao
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Air pollution
Cognition
Educational activities
Canada

description: In this study, I examine if higher levels of ambient air pollution impact educational outcomes. According to the literature review, CO, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 are found to be four pollutants that could have an impact on cognitive ability, so I focus on these air pollutants. I analyze provincial test results for the province of British Columbia, and Secondary School Literacy Test results from the province of Ontario (OSSLT) with air pollution and weather data corresponding to the locations and dates in which tests took place. A longitudinal approach is used, in which test results are compared within a school over time with a fixed effects model chosen to control for school and year fixed effects. Correlations are found among the four pollutants in the two provinces, therefore, an integrated Air Quality Index (AQI) is calculated to further examine the relationship between air pollution and educational outcomes. In British Columbia, I find that there is a negative impact of ambient air pollution on student’s test results: a one standard deviation increase in AQI leads to a 0.23 percentage points decrease in student average grade. Furthermore, I find that in BC, air pollution’s impact on students with special needs experience about 3.4 times of the average impact of other students. In Ontario, I do not find significant association between OSSLT results and the AQI, and this might be because of not having enough observations in Ontario school dataset and lots of missing data in air pollution dataset. However, the association between ambient air pollution and OSSLT results is found to be negative overall, congruent with results from BC.
Direct evidence of superconductivity and determination of the superfluid density in buried ultrathin FeSe grown on SrTiO$_3$
Creators: name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Salman, Z.
name: Song, Q.
name: Peng, R.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Shu, L.
name: Feng, D. L.
name: Prokscha, T.
name: Morenzoni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk FeSe is superconducting with a critical temperature $T_c$ $\cong$ 8 K and SrTiO$_3$ is insulating in nature, yet high-temperature superconductivity has been reported at the interface between a single-layer FeSe and SrTiO$_3$. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements observe a gap opening at the Fermi surface below $\approx$ 60 K. Elucidating the microscopic properties and understanding the pairing mechanism of single-layer FeSe is of utmost importance as it is a basic building block of iron-based superconductors. Here, we use the low-energy muon spin rotation/relaxation technique (LE-$μ$SR) to detect and quantify the supercarrier density and determine the gap symmetry in FeSe grown on SrTiO$_3$ (100). Measurements in applied field show a temperature dependent broadening of the field distribution below $\sim$ 60 K, reflecting the superconducting transition and formation of a vortex state. Zero field measurements rule out the presence of magnetism of static or fluctuating origin. From the inhomogeneous field distribution, we determine an effective sheet supercarrier density $n_s^{2D} \simeq 6 \times 10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ at $T \rightarrow 0$ K, which is a factor of 4 larger than expected from ARPES measurements of the excess electron count per Fe of 1 monolayer (ML) FeSe. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density $n_s(T)$ can be well described down to $\sim$ 10 K by simple s-wave BCS, indicating a rather clean superconducting phase with a gap of 10.2(1.1) meV. The result is a clear indication of the gradual formation of a two dimensional vortex lattice existing over the entire large FeSe/STO interface and provides unambiguous evidence for robust superconductivity below 60 K in ultrathin FeSe.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Experimental Psychology: the effects of lexical priming on color perception
Creators: name: Ashqar, Majd
name: Amitai, Yoav
name: GOLDSTEIN, TAL
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: .זאת הינה ההרשמה מראש של תוכנית המחקר שלנו במסגרת קורס ״פסיכולוגיה ניסויית״. תוכנית המחקר נמצאת בקובץ המצורף אוניברסיטת ת״א - שנת לימודים 2020/2021. המחקר בוחן את ההשפעה של פריימינג שפתי על תפיסה של בהירות צבעים. המחקר תוכנן ובוצע ע״י שלושת הסטודנטים: מג׳ד אשקר, יואב עמיתי וטל גולדשטיין.
Decentralized Algorithms for 3D Symmetric Formations in Robotic Networks: a Contraction Theory Approach
Creators: name: Singh, Sumeet
name: Schmerling, Edward
name: Pavone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents decentralized algorithms for formation control of multiple robots in three dimensions. Specifically, we leverage the mathematical properties of cyclic pursuit along with results from contraction and partial contraction theory to design decentralized control algorithms that ensure global convergence to symmetric formations. We first consider regular polygon formations as a base case, and then extend the results to Johnson solid and other polygonal mesh formations. The algorithms are further augmented to allow control over formation size and avoid collisions with other robots in the formation. The robustness properties of the algorithms are assessed in the presence of bounded additive disturbances and their effect on the quality of the formation is quantified. Finally, we present a general methodology for embedding the control laws on complex dynamical systems, in this case, quadcopters, and validate this approach via simulations and experiments on a fleet of quadcopters.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions in Robotics
Engineering an achromatic Bessel beam using a phase-only spatial light modulator and an iterative Fourier transformation algorithm
Creators: name: Walde, Marie
name: Jost, Aurélie
name: Wicker, Kai
name: Heintzmann, Rainer
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Bessel beam
subject: Frequency filtering
subject: Iterative Fourier transform algorithm
subject: Non-diffracting beams
subject: Spatial light modulator
subject: 530

description: Bessel illumination is an established method in optical imaging and manipulation to achieve an extended depth of field without compromising the lateral resolution. When broadband or multicolour imaging is required, wavelength-dependent changes in the radial profile of the Bessel illumination can complicate further image processing and analysis. We present a solution for engineering a multicolour Bessel beam that is easy to implement and promises to be particularly useful for broadband imaging applications. A phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) in the image plane and an iterative Fourier Transformation algorithm (IFTA) are used to create an annular light distribution in the back focal plane of a lens. The 2D Fourier transformation of such a light ring yields a Bessel beam with a constant radial profile for different wavelength.
An Assessment of the Effect of Multimorbidity on Motor-Vehicle Accident Risk
Creators: name: Fortin, Yannick
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Multimorbidity
Crash
Comorbidity measures
Epilepsy

description: In North America, the last two decades saw continued increases in population multimorbidity across all age groups. This trend, which is expected to endure in the coming years, has been attributed in large part to population aging and unhealthy lifestyle choices. While the societal consequences of multimorbidity have focused primarily on the burden it imposes on the sustainability of health systems and the need to implement innovative ways to deliver care, latent costs, such as possible increases in motor-vehicle accidents (MVAs) have received relatively little attention. The principal objective of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and MVAs. To complement current knowledge on the topic, we conducted observational studies based on information recorded in electronic health records (EHR). The hypothesis that increasing levels of multimorbidity would translate into increasing risk of MVA was tested in both a general population of health care recipients and in persons with epilepsy, a subgroup of individuals predisposed to comorbidities and MVAs. To gain a better understanding of morbidity ascertainment in EHR data, preliminary validation studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Elixhauser comorbidity measures for predicting hospital mortality in our data source. A systematic review of risk factors contributing to the onset and progression of epilepsy was also performed in hopes of identifying elements that would help improve the methodological design of the principal thesis study limited to persons with epilepsy. Study results confirmed the excellent performance of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures for predicting hospital mortality in the Cerner Health Facts data repository. In the general health care recipient population, a positive exposure-outcome relationship was observed between multimorbidity and MVA risk. This relationship was consistent in adults across the lifespan and more pronounced in women than in men. In persons with epilepsy, the observed exposure-outcome relationship between multimorbidity and MVAs did not reach statistical significance. However, comorbid depression was identified as a risk factor for MVAs. Given increasing rates of multimorbidity in the general population, the findings of this thesis strongly support the need for replication and better characterization of the disease combinations that drive increases in MVA risk. Future work on this topic should also include estimates of MVA risk attributable to multimorbidity; this would inform and gauge the relevance of novel driving policies targeting individuals diagnosed with specific health conditions.
Distributed Security Constrained Economic Dispatch
Creators: name: Amini, M. Hadi
name: Jaddivada, R.
name: Mishra, S.
name: Karabasoglu, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate two decomposition methods for their convergence rate which are used to solve security constrained economic dispatch (SCED): 1) Lagrangian Relaxation (LR), and 2) Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation (ALR). First, the centralized SCED problem is posed for a 6-bus test network and then it is decomposed into subproblems using both of the methods. In order to model the tie-line between decomposed areas of the test network, a novel method is proposed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed in terms of accuracy and information privacy. We show that there is a tradeoff between the information privacy and the convergence rate. It has been found that ALR converges faster compared to LR, due to the large amount of shared data.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference
Probabilistic modeling and global sensitivity analysis for $CO_2$ storage in geological formations: a spectral approach
Creators: name: Saad, Bilal
name: Alexanderian, Alen
name: Prudhomme, Serge
name: Knio, Omar M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65C20, 86A60, 60H35

description: This work focuses on the simulation of $CO_2$ storage in deep underground formations under uncertainty and seeks to understand the impact of uncertainties in reservoir properties on $CO_2$ leakage. To simulate the process, a non-isothermal two-phase two-component flow system with equilibrium phase exchange is used. Since model evaluations are computationally intensive, instead of traditional Monte Carlo methods, we rely on polynomial chaos (PC) expansions for representation of the stochastic model response. A non-intrusive approach is used to determine the PC coefficients. We establish the accuracy of the PC representations within a reasonable error threshold through systematic convergence studies. In addition to characterizing the distributions of model observables, we compute probabilities of excess $CO_2$ leakage. Moreover, we consider the injection rate as a design parameter and compute an optimum injection rate that ensures that the risk of excess pressure buildup at the leaky well remains below acceptable levels. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of sensitivities of $CO_2$ leakage, where we compute the contributions of the random parameters, and their interactions, to the variance by computing first, second, and total order Sobol' indices.
description: 25 pages; fixed a minor latex issue, and added biblio info
Test the fidelity of the ideomotor theory using the hybrid learning and test task
Creators: name: Sun, Dan
name: Custers, Ruud
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Ideomotor theory
subject: online data

description: All pre-register documents are in the pre-registration folder. Data collection will be run online, and analysis will be done by R and JASP.
Nucleus accumbens neurons encode Pavlovian approach behaviors: evidence from an autoshaping paradigm
Creators: name: Day, Jeremy Jason
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Environmental stimuli predictive of appetitive events can elicit Pavlovian approach responses that enhance an organism’s ability to track and secure natural rewards. We examined the activity of individual nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons during the performance of approach behaviors. Animals were presented with conditioned stimuli that were either positive (the CS+) or negative (the CS-) predictors of reward. Approach responses directed at these cues were recorded as lever presses and were significantly more likely to occur during CS+ presentations. On the test day, 75% of NAc neurons exhibited changes in firing rate (termed 'phasically active') during CS+ presentations. Of these cells, 47% were characterized by time-locked increases in cell firing while 53% showed reductions in firing for the duration of the CS+. The same cells typically showed little or no change during CS- presentations. These results suggest that NAc neurons encode reward prediction and/or approach responses elicited by reward-paired cues.
Asymmetric g Tensor in Low-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Hole Systems
Creators: name: Gradl, C.
name: Winkler, R.
name: Kempf, M.
name: Holler, J.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Bougeard, D.
name: Hernández-Mínguez, A.
name: Biermann, K.
name: Santos, P.V.
name: Schüller, C.
name: Korn, T.
Publisher: name: College Park, Md. : APS
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: emiconductor Physics, Spintronics
subject: 530

description: The complex structure of the valence band in many semiconductors leads to multifaceted and unusual properties for spin-3/2 hole systems compared to common spin-1/2 electron systems. In particular, two-dimensional hole systems show a highly anisotropic Zeeman interaction. We have investigated this anisotropy in GaAs/AlAs quantum well structures both experimentally and theoretically. By performing time-resolved Kerr rotation measurements, we found a nondiagonal tensor g that manifests itself in unusual precessional motion, as well as distinct dependencies of hole-spin dynamics on the direction of the magnetic field B. We quantify the individual components of the tensor g for [113]-, [111]-, and [110]-grown samples. We complement the experiments by a comprehensive theoretical study of Zeeman coupling in in-plane and out-of-plane fields B. To this end, we develop a detailed multiband theory for the tensor g. Using perturbation theory, we derive transparent analytical expressions for the components of the tensor g that we complement with accurate numerical calculations based on our theoretical framework. We obtain very good agreement between experiment and theory. Our study demonstrates that the tensor g is neither symmetric nor antisymmetric. Opposite off-diagonal components can differ in size by up to an order of magnitude. The tensor g encodes not only the Zeeman energy splitting but also the direction of the axis about which the spins precess in the external field B. In general, this axis is not aligned with B. Hence our study extends the general concept of optical orientation to the regime of nontrivial Zeeman coupling.
The Impact of Future CO2 Emission Reduction Targets on U.S. Electric Sector Water Use
Creators: name: Cameron, Colin Mackay
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The U.S. electric sector's reliance on water makes it vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on water resources. Here we analyze how constraints on U.S. energy system carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions could affect water withdrawal and consumption in the U.S. electric sector through 2055. We use simulations of the EPA's U.S. 9-region (EPAUS9r) MARKAL least-cost optimization energy systems model with updated water use factors for electricity generating technologies. Model results suggest CO2 constraints could force the retirement of old power plants and drive increased use of low water-use renewable and nuclear power as well as natural gas CCS plants with more advanced cooling systems. These changes in electric sector technology mix reduce water withdrawal in all scenarios but increase water consumption in aggressive scenarios. Decreased electric sector water withdrawal would likely reduce electric sector vulnerability to climate change, but the rise in consumption could increase competition with other users.
Time-resolved ion energy and charge state distributions in pulsed cathodic arc plasmas of Nb−Al cathodes in high vacuum
Creators: name: Zöhrer, Siegfried
name: Anders, André
name: Franz, Robert
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: arc discharges
subject: composite cathodes
subject: ion charge state distribution
subject: ion energy Distribution
subject: time-resolved measurements
subject: 530

description: Cathodic arcs have been utilized in various applications including the deposition of thin films and coatings, ion implantation, and high current switching. Despite substantial progress in recent decades, the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed plasma properties are still a matter of dispute, particularly for multi-element cathodes, which can play an essential role in applications. The analysis of plasma properties is complicated by the generally occurring neutral background of metal atoms, which perturbs initial ion properties. By using a time-resolved method in combination with pulsed arcs and a comprehensive Nb−Al cathode model system, we investigate the influence of cathode composition on the plasma, while making the influence of neutrals visible for the observed time frame. The results visualize ion detections of 600 μs plasma pulses, extracted 0.27 m from the cathode, resolved in mass-per-charge, energy-per-charge and time. Ion properties are found to be strongly dependent on the cathode material in a way that cannot be deduced by simple linear extrapolation. Subsequently, current hypotheses in cathodic arc physics applying to multi-element cathodes, like the so-called 'velocity rule' or the 'cohesive energy rule', are tested for early and late stages of the pulse. Apart from their fundamental character, the findings could be useful in optimizing or designing plasma properties for applications, by actively utilizing effects on ion distributions caused by composite cathode materials and charge exchange with neutrals.
Get what you give? An analysis of automatic-qualifying conference institutions' return on investment and efficiency in the Learfield Directors' Cup
Creators: name: Kelly, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Intercollegiate athletic administrators constantly face the challenge of allocating their resources in order to be as efficient and effective as possible. The pressure to succeed requires they know what type of return they will get when investing funds in a particular area. The purpose of this study was analyze the efficiency and return on investment based on athletic success that Bowl Championship Series, Automatic-Qualifying conference institutions (n=65) athletic departments attain through the Learfield Directors' Cup. The study also examines specific subsets of the group to gather actionable data. Among other findings, total expenditures were found to be very important overall, but in varying degrees for different subsets. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the relationship between finances and success and have implications that can assist administrators when making large-scale decisions.
Transparent Low Molecular Weight Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate-Based Hydrogels as Film Media for Photoswitchable Drugs
Creators: name: Pelras, Théophile
name: Glass, Sarah
name: Scherzer, Tom
name: Elsner, Christian
name: Schulze, Agnes
name: Abel, Bernd
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Drug release
subject: Hydrogels
subject: Photodynamic therapy
subject: Photopolymerization
subject: Photosensitizer
subject: Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate
subject: 540

description: Hydrogels have shown a great potential as materials for drug delivery systems thanks to their usually excellent bio-compatibility and their ability to trap water-soluble organic molecules in a porous network. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels containing a model dye were synthesized by ultraviolet (UV-A) photopolymerization of low-molecular weight macro-monomers and the material properties (dye release ability, transparency, morphology, and polymerization kinetics) were studied. Real-time infrared measurements revealed that the photopolymerization of the materials was strongly limited when the dye was added to the uncured formulation. Consequently, the procedure was adapted to allow for the formation of sufficiently cured gels that are able to capture and later on to release dye molecules in phosphate-buffered saline solution within a few hours. Due to the transparency of the materials in the 400–800 nm range, the hydrogels are suitable for the loading and excitation of photoactive molecules. These can be uptaken by and released from the polymer matrix. Therefore, such materials may find applications as cheap and tailored materials in photodynamic therapy (i.e., light-induced treatment of skin infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses using photoactive drugs).
Quantifying the Origins of Life on a Planetary Scale
Creators: name: Scharf, Caleb
name: Cronin, Leroy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple, heuristic formula with parallels to the Drake Equation is introduced to help focus discussion on open questions for the origins of life in a planetary context. This approach indicates a number of areas where quantitative progress can be made on parameter estimation for determining origins of life probabilities. We also suggest that the probability of origin of life events can be dramatically increased on planets with parallel chemistries that can undergo the development of complexity, and in solar systems where more than one planet is available for chemical evolution, and where efficient impact ejecta exchange occurs, increasing the effective chemical search space and available time.
description: 13 pages, submitted to Science
SemSur: A Core Ontology for the Semantic Representation of Research Findings
Creators: name: Fathalla, Said
name: Vahdati, Sahar
name: Auer, Sören
name: Lange, Christoph
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Scholarly communication
subject: Semantic metadata enrichment
subject: Semantic publishing
subject: SemSur ontology
subject: SWRL rules
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 004

description: The way how research is communicated using text publications has not changed much over the past decades. We have the vision that ultimately researchers will work on a common structured knowledge base comprising comprehensive semantic and machine-comprehensible descriptions of their research, thus making research contributions more transparent and comparable. We present the SemSur ontology for semantically capturing the information commonly found in survey and review articles. SemSur is able to represent scientific results and to publish them in a comprehensive knowledge graph, which provides an efficient overview of a research field, and to compare research findings with related works in a structured way, thus saving researchers a significant amount of time and effort. The new release of SemSur covers more domains, defines better alignment with external ontologies and rules for eliciting implicit knowledge. We discuss possible applications and present an evaluation of our approach with the retrospective, exemplary semantification of a survey. We demonstrate the utility of the SemSur ontology to answer queries about the different research contributions covered by the survey. SemSur is currently used and maintained at OpenResearch.org.
Low-Temperature Steam Reforming of Natural Gas after LPG-Enrichment with MFI Membranes
Creators: name: Seeburg, Dominik
name: Liu, Dongjing
name: Dragomirova, Radostina
name: Atia, Hanan
name: Pohl, Marga-Martina
name: Amani, Hadis
name: Georgi, Gabriele
name: Kreft, Stefanie
name: Wohlrab, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Alkanes
subject: Hydrogen
subject: Membrane separation
subject: Pre-reforming
subject: Single-sites
subject: Steam reforming
subject: 570

description: Low-temperature hydrogen production from natural gas via steam reforming requires novel processing concepts as well as stable catalysts. A process using zeolite membranes of the type MFI (Mobile FIve) was used to enrich natural gas with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) alkanes (in particular, propane and n-butane), in order to improve the hydrogen production from this mixture at a reduced temperature. For this purpose, a catalyst precursor based on Rh single-sites (1 mol% Rh) on alumina was transformed in situ to a Rh1/Al2O3 catalyst possessing better performance capabilities compared with commercial catalysts. A wet raw natural gas (57.6 vol% CH4) was fully reformed at 650 °C, with 1 bar absolute pressure over the Rh1/Al2O3 at a steam to carbon ratio S/C = 4, yielding 74.7% H2. However, at 350 °C only 21 vol% H2 was obtained under these conditions. The second mixture, enriched with LPG, was obtained from the raw gas after the membrane process and contained only 25.2 vol% CH4. From this second mixture, 47 vol% H2 was generated at 350 °C after steam reforming over the Rh1/Al2O3 catalyst at S/C = 4. At S/C = 1 conversion was suppressed for both gas mixtures. Single alkane reforming of C2–C4 showed different sensitivity for side reactions, e.g., methanation between 350 and 650 °C. These results contribute to ongoing research in the field of low-temperature hydrogen release from natural gas alkanes for fuel cell applications as well as for pre-reforming processes.
Sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: a statistical analysis plan for a hospital-based case control study
Creators: name: Crowley, Grace
name: Knipe, Duleeka
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Sciences
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Education
subject: Health and Physical Education
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: LMIC
subject: Self-poisoning
subject: Sex Education
subject: Sri Lanka

description: Analysis plan
Novel acridine-based thiosemicarbazones as ‘turn-on' chemosensors for selective recognition of fluoride anion: a spectroscopic and theoretical study
Creators: name: Isaac, Ibanga Okon
name: Munir, Iqra
name: Al-Rashida, Mariya
name: Ali, Syed Abid
name: Shafiq, Zahid
name: Islam, Muhammad
name: Ludwig, Ralf
name: Ayub, Khurshid
name: Khan, Khalid Mohammed
name: Hameed, Abdul
Publisher: name: London : Royal Soc. Publ.
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Acridine
subject: Density functional theory calculations
subject: Fluorescence
subject: Fluoride (F-)
subject: Thiosemicarbazides
subject: UV absorption
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: New thiosemicarbazide-linked acridines 3a–c were prepared and investigated as chemosensors for the detection of biologically and environmentally important anions. The compounds 3a–c were found selective for fluoride (F−) with no affinity for other anions, i.e. −OAc, Br−, I−, HSO4−, SO42−, PO43−, ClO3−, ClO4−, CN− and SCN−. Further, upon the gradual addition of a fluoride anion (F−) source (tetrabutylammonium fluoride), a well-defined change in colour of the solution of probes 3a–c was observed. The anion-sensing process was studied in detail via UV–visible absorption, fluorescence and 1H-NMR experiments. Moreover, during the synthesis of acridine probes 3a–c nickel fluoride (NiF2), a rarely explored transition metal fluoride salt, was used as the catalyst. Theoretical studies via density functional theory were also carried out to further investigate the sensing and anion (F−) selectivity pattern of these probes.
Construction of cost-effective bimetallic nanoparticles on titanium carbides as a superb catalyst for promoting hydrolysis of ammonia borane
Creators: name: Guo, Zhangwei
name: Liu, Tong
name: Wang, Qingtao
name: Gao, Guanhui
Publisher: name: London : RSC Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ammonia
subject: Atomic emission spectroscopy
subject: Binary alloys
subject: Catalysis
subject: Catalyst activity
subject: Catalysts
subject: Cobalt alloys
subject: Cost effectiveness
subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Titanium
subject: Titanium carbide
subject: 540

description: Bimetallic cost-effective CoNi nanoparticles (NPs) are conveniently supported on titanium carbides (MXene) by a simple one-step wet-chemical method. The synthesized CoNi/MXene catalysts are characterized by XPS, TEM, STEM-HAADF and ICP-AES. The as-prepared CoNi NPs with a size of 2.8 nm are well dispersed on the MXene surface. It is found that among the CoNi bimetallic system, Co0.7Ni0.3 shows the best performance toward catalyzing ammonia borane (AB) decomposition with a turnover frequency value of 87.6 molH2 molcat−1 min−1 at 50 °C. The remarkable catalytic performance is attributed to the mild affiliation of MXene to NPs, which not only stabilizes NPs to maintain a good dispersion but also leaves sufficient surface active sites to facilitate the catalytic reaction.
Author Correction: Modulation of van der Waals and classical epitaxy induced by strain at the Si step edges in GeSbTe alloys
Creators: name: Zallo, Eugenio
name: Cecchi, Stefano
name: Boschker, Jos E.
name: Mio, Antonio M.
name: Arciprete, Fabrizio
name: Privitera, Stefania
name: Calarco, Raffaella
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600

description: [no abstract available]
Probing Oxide Reduction and Phase Transformations at the Au-TiO2 Interface by Vibrational Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Pougin, Anna
name: Lüken, Alexander
name: Klinkhammer, Christina
name: Hiltrop, Dennis
name: Kauer, Max
name: Tölle, Katharina
name: Havenith-Newen, Martina
name: Morgenstern, Karina
name: Grünert, Wolfgang
name: Muhler, Martin
name: Strunk, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Bussum : Baltzer
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Anatase
subject: CO oxidation
subject: Gold nanoparticles
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: Rutile
subject: TiO2
subject: UHV-FTIR
subject: 540

description: By a combination of FT-NIR Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy of CO adsorption under ultrahigh vacuum conditions (UHV-IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the line scanning mode the formation of a reduced titania phase in a commercial Au/TiO2 catalyst and in freshly prepared Au/anatase catalysts was detected. The reduced phase, formed at the Au-TiO2 interface, can serve as nucleation point for the formation of stoichiometric rutile. TinO2n−1 Magnéli phases, structurally resembling the rutile phase, might be involved in this process. The formation of the reduced phase and the rutilization process is clearly linked to the presence of gold nanoparticles and it does not proceed under similar conditions with the pure titania sample. Phase transformations might be both thermally or light induced, however, the colloidal deposition synthesis of the Au/TiO2 catalysts is clearly ruled out as cause for the formation of the reduced phase.
Smooth loop stacks of differentiable stacks and gerbes
Creators: name: Roberts, David Michael
name: Vozzo, Raymond F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A22 (Primary), 58B25, 58D15, 14A20, 18F99, 53C08 (Secondary)

description: Résumé. Nous définissons un groupoïde de Fréchet-Lie Map(S^1,X) d'ana-foncteurs du cercle vers un groupoïde de Lie X. Ceci fournit une présentation du Hom-champ Hom(S^1,\cX), où \cX est le champ différentiable associé à X. Nous appliquons cette construction au groupoïde de Lie sous-jacent au `gerbe fibré' d'une variété différentiable M; le résultat est un gerbe fibré au-dessus de l'espace des lacets LM de M. Abstract. We define a Fréchet--Lie groupoid Map(S^1,X) of anafunctors from the circle into a Lie groupoid X. This provides a presentation of the Hom-stack Hom(S^1,\cX), where \cX is the differentiable stack associated to X. We apply this construction to the Lie groupoid underlying a bundle gerbe on a manifold M; the result is a bundle gerbe on the loop space LM of M.
description: In English. v2 27 pages. Added sections 6 and 7 dealing with applications. v3 Lemma 6.5 (=Lemma 6.4 in v2) corrected. 31 pages, version to appear in Cahiers Top. Geom. Diff. Cat
Some remarks concerning invariant quantities in scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Vilson, Ott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D05, 53Z99

description: The aim of the current paper is to clarify some aspects of the formalism used for describing the scalar-tensor gravity characterized by four arbitrary local functionals of the scalar field. We recall the objects that are invariant with respect to a spacetime point under the local Weyl rescaling of the metric and under the scalar field redefinition. We phrase and prove a theorem that allows to link such an object to each quantity in a theory where two out of the four arbitrary local functionals of the scalar field are specified in a suitable manner. Based on these results we phrase and reason the existence of the so called translation rules.
description: 16 pages, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras 2015
Bio-Inspired Polymer Membrane Surface Cleaning
Creators: name: Schulze, Agnes
name: Breite, Daniel
name: Kim, Yongkyum
name: Schmidt, Martin
name: Thomas, Isabell
name: Went, Marco
name: Fischer, Kristina
name: Prager, Andrea
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Catalytic properties
subject: Enzyme immobilization
subject: Polymer membrane
subject: Self-cleaning
subject: Surface modification
subject: 540

description: To generate polyethersulfone membranes with a biocatalytically active surface, pancreatin was covalently immobilized. Pancreatin is a mixture of digestive enzymes such as protease, lipase, and amylase. The resulting membranes exhibit self-cleaning properties after “switching on” the respective enzyme by adjusting pH and temperature. Thus, the membrane surface can actively degrade a fouling layer on its surface and regain initial permeability. Fouling tests with solutions of protein, oil, and mixtures of both, were performed, and the membrane’s ability to self-clean the fouled surface was characterized. Membrane characterization was conducted by investigation of the immobilized enzyme concentration, enzyme activity, water permeation flux, fouling tests, porosimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
A Framework for Understanding the Role of Self-Interest in Attitude Formation
Creators: name: Benz, Jennifer Kirstin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: In this paper I present a framework based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion to explain the interplay of self-interest with symbolic beliefs and sociotropic perceptions in determining policy preferences. In developing the self-interest framework, I generate three testable hypotheses. I address two of these hypotheses in this paper using individual level survey data on preferences for a system of universal health insurance. The results of these tests provide preliminary support for the self-interest framework and suggest that a new conception of the effect of self-interest on policy preferences is in order.