cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
U.S. Climate Change Litigation in the Age of Trump: Year One
Creators: name: Adler, Dena P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatic changes
Deregulation
Trials, litigation, etc.
Environmental law

description: In its first year, the Trump Administration undertook a program of extensive climate change deregulation. The Administration delayed and initiated the reversal of rules that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary and mobile sources; sought to expedite fossil fuel development, including in previously protected areas; delayed or withdrew energy efficiency standards; undermined consideration of climate change in environmental review; and hindered adaptation to the impacts of climate change. However, the Trump Administration’s efforts have met with constant resistance, with those committed to climate protections bringing legal challenges to many, if not most, of the rollbacks.
This paper seeks to give shape to the current moment in climate change litigation, categorizing and reviewing dozens of climate change cases filed during 2017 to understand how litigation countered—and at times courted—the influx of climate change deregulation during the first year of the Trump Administration. The analysis focuses specifically on “climate change cases,” defined as cases that raise climate change as an issue of fact or law in the U.S. Climate Change Litigation database, maintained by the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law and Arnold & Porter. To explain the effects of climate change litigation in 2017, this paper sorted cases into five categories: 1) defending Obama Administration climate change policies & decisions; 2) demanding transparency & scientific integrity from the Trump Administration; 3) integrating consideration of climate change into environmental review & permitting; 4) advancing or enforcing additional climate protections through the courts; and 5) deregulating climate change, undermining climate protections, or targeting climate protection supporters.
Graviton emission from the brane in the bulk in a model with extra dimension
Creators: name: Iofa, Mikhail Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a model of 3-brane embedded in 5D space-time we calculate the graviton emission from the brane to the bulk. Matter is confined to the brane, gravitons produced in reactions of matter on the brane escape to the bulk. The Einstein equations which are modified by the terms due to graviton production are solved perturbatively, the leading order being that without the graviton production. In the period of late cosmology, in which in the generalized Friedmann equation the term linear in the energy density of matter in dominant, we calculate the spectrum of gravitons (of the tower of Kaluza-Klein states) and the collision integral in the Boltzmann equation. We find the energy-momentum tensor of the emitted gravitons in the bulk, and using it show that corrections due to graviton production to the leading-order terms in the Einstein equations are small, and the perturbative approach is justified. We calculate the difference of abundances of ${}^4 He$ produced in primordial nucleosynthesis in the models with and without the graviton production, and find that the difference is a very small number, much smaller than that estimated previously.
description: 26 pages, LaTeX Published version with small modifications
A combinatorial description of the Gindikin-Karpelevich formula in type A
Creators: name: Lee, Kyu-Hwan
name: Salisbury, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A combinatorial description of the crystal $\mathcal{B}(\infty)$ for finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras in terms of Young tableaux was developed by J. Hong and H. Lee. Using this description, we obtain a combinatorial rule for expressing the Gindikin-Karpelevich formula as a sum over $\mathcal{B}(\infty)$ when the underlying Lie algebra is of type A. We also interpret our description in terms of MV polytopes and irreducible components of quiver varieties.
description: 17 pages. Edited using comments from referees
Estimating Demand with Multi-Homing in Two-Sided Markets
Creators: name: Affeldt, Pauline
name: Argentesi, Elena
name: Filistrucchi, Lapo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: SECS-P/06 Economia applicata

description: We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of themarket. We then use an original dataset on the Italian daily newspaper market that includes information on double-homing by readers to estimate readers’ and advertisers’ demand. The results show that an econometric model that does not allow for multi-homing is likely to produce biased estimates of demand on both sides of the market. In particular, on the reader side, accounting for multi-homing helps to recognize complementarity between products; on the advertising side, it allows to measure to what extent advertising demand depends on the shares of exclusive and overlapping readers.
Local Observation in Eternal inflation
Creators: name: Hartle, James
name: Hawking, S. W.
name: Hertog, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider landscape models that admit several regions where the conditions for eternal inflation hold. It is shown that one can use the no-boundary wave function to calculate small departures from homogeneity within our past light cone despite the possibility of much larger fluctuations on super horizon scales. The dominant contribution comes from the history exiting eternal inflation at the lowest value of the potential. In a class of landscape models this predicts a tensor to scalar ratio of about 10%. In this way the no-boundary wave function defines a measure for the prediction of local cosmological observations.
description: 4 pages; v2: published version
Statistical Significance of the Gallium Anomaly
Creators: name: Giunti, Carlo
name: Laveder, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the statistical significance of the anomalous deficit of electron neutrinos measured in the radioactive source experiments of the GALLEX and SAGE solar neutrino detectors taking into account the uncertainty of the detection cross section. We found that the statistical significance of the anomaly is about 3.0 sigma. A fit of the data in terms of neutrino oscillations favors at about 2.7 sigma short-baseline electron neutrino disappearance with respect to the null hypothesis of no oscillations.
description: 6 pages; improved analysis with correlation of theoretical uncertainty
Changing International Law for a Changing Climate
Creators: name: Esty, Daniel C.
name: Adler, Dena P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: International law
Climatic changes
Greenhouse gas mitigation--International cooperation
Environmental law, International

description: After more than two decades of inadequate international efforts to address climate change resulting from rising greenhouse gas emissions, the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement shifted gears. That agreement advances a “bottom-up” model of global cooperation that requires action commitments from all national governments and acknowledges the important role that cities, states, provinces, and businesses must play in delivering deep decarbonization. Given the limited control that presidents and prime ministers have over many of the policies and choices that determine their countries’ carbon footprints, the Paris Agreement missed an opportunity to formally recognize the climate change action commitments of mayors, governors, and premiers. These subnational officials often have authorities complementary to national governments, particularly in federal systems (including the United States, China, Canada, and Australia). They therefore possess significant independent capacities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through their economic development strategies, building codes, zoning rules and practices, public transportation investments, and other policies. Likewise, the world community missed an opportunity to formally recognize the commitments of companies to successful implementation of the Paris Agreement and thereby to highlight the wide range of decisions that business leaders make that significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions. The same logic that demands a broadened strategy of engagement to deliver a more robust global response to climate change also suggests a parallel need to rethink international law to involve subnational actors whose participation may be required to deliver a successful outcome on some issues. Specifically, the global response to problems that go beyond the authority or capacity of national governments—including but not limited to climate change—would be strengthened by creating new international legal mechanisms that formalize the action commitments of mayors, governors, premiers, and CEOs. Giving these officials a way to formally signal their commitment to the success of the Paris Agreement on the international plane would help deepen the global response to the problem.
Filament Eruption in NOAA 11093 Leading to a Two-Ribbon M1 Class Flare and CME
Creators: name: Vemareddy, P.
name: Maurya, R. A.
name: Ambastha, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-wavelength analysis of an eruption event that occurred in Active Region (AR) NOAA 11093 on 7 August 2010, using data obtained from SDO, STEREO, RHESSI and GONG H$α$ network telescope. From these observations, we inferred that upward slow rising motion of an inverse S-shaped filament lying along the polarity inversion line (PIL) resulted in a CME subsequent to a two-ribbon flare. Interaction of overlying field line across the filament with side lobe field lines, associated EUV brightening, and flux emergence/cancellation around the filament were the observational signatures of the processes leading to its destabilization and the onset of eruption. Moreover, the rising motion profile of filament/flux rope corresponded well with flare characteristics, viz., the reconnection rate and HXR emission profiles. Flux rope accelerated to the maximum velocities as a CME at the peak phase of the flare, followed by deceleration to an average velocity of 590 kms$^{-1}$. We suggest that the observed emergence/cancellation of magnetic fluxes near the filament caused it to rise, resulting in the tethers to cut and reconnection to take place beneath the filament; in agreement with the tether cutting model. The corresponding increase/decrease in positive/negative photospheric fluxes found in the post-peak phase of the eruption provides unambiguous evidence of reconnection as a consequence of tether cutting.
description: 19 Pages, 9 figures, Submitted in Solar Physics
Analysis of a free oscillation atom interferometer
Creators: name: Kafle, Rudra P.
name: Anderson, Dana Z.
name: Zozulya, Alex A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) - based free oscillation atom Michelson interferometer in a weakly confining harmonic magnetic trap. A BEC at the center of the trap is split into two harmonics by a laser standing wave. The harmonics move in opposite directions with equal speeds and turn back under the influence of the trapping potential at their classical turning points. The harmonics are allowed to pass through each other and a recombination pulse is applied when they overlap at the end of a cycle after they return for the second time. We derive an expression for the contrast of the interferometric fringes and obtain the fundamental limit of performance of the interferometer in the parameter space.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, figures updated, typos corrected, 3 references added, 'Conclusions' Section added
Conductivity in Pseudogapped Superconductors: The Role of the Fermi Arcs
Creators: name: Wulin, Dan
name: Fregoso, Benjamin M.
name: Guo, Hao
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
name: Levin, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the dc conductivity $σ$ in a pseudogapped high $T_c$ superconductor within a theory which is consistent with gauge invariance. Our results contain additional terms beyond those identified previously. Although it has been thought that lifetime effects dominate the $T$ dependence of transport, here we show (consistent with growing experimental support) that the temperature dependence of the effective carrier number $(n/m(T))_{\rm{eff}}$ plays a critical role and thereby leads to the contrasting behavior between over and under-doped regimes. The role of Fermi arcs is secondary.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; To be published in PRB: Rapid Communications (2011)
Quantum nonlocality does not imply entanglement distillability
Creators: name: Vertesi, Tamas
name: Brunner, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement and nonlocality are both fundamental aspects of quantum theory, and play a prominent role in quantum information science. The exact relation between entanglement and nonlocality is however still poorly understood. Here we make progress in this direction by showing that, contrary to what previous work suggested, quantum nonlocality does not imply entanglement distillability. Specifically, we present analytically a 3-qubit entangled state that is separable along any bipartition. This implies that no bipartite entanglement can be distilled from this state, which is thus fully bound entangled. Then we show that this state nevertheless violates a Bell inequality. Our result also disproves the multipartite version of a longstanding conjecture made by Asher Peres.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Joint IMOTHEP / CAJU workshop on Hybrid Electric Propulsion - HECATE
Creators: name: Castro, I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: IMOTHEP
aviation
greenaviation
H2020Transport
H2020
HorizonEurope
CAJU
CINEA
climatechange
HEP
EU

description: Presentation at the Joint IMOTHEP / CAJU workshop on Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) at Eurocontrol in Brussels (B) on 29 & 30 November 2023.
Josephson Amplifier for Qubit Readout
Creators: name: Abdo, Baleegh
name: Schackert, Flavius
name: Hatridge, Michael
name: Rigetti, Chad
name: Devoret, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on measurements of a Josephson amplifier (J-amp) suitable for quantum-state qubit readout in the microwave domain. It consists of two microstrip resonators which intersect at a Josephson ring modulator. A maximum gain of about 20 dB, a bandwidth of 9 MHz, and a center-frequency tunability of about 60 MHz with gain in excess of 10 dB have been attained for idler and signal of frequencies 6.4 GHz and 8.1 GHz, in accordance with theory. Maximum input power measurements of the J-amp show a relatively good agreement with theoretical prediction. We discuss how the amplifier characteristics can be improved.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Patterns and Growth of Child Care Voucher Use by Families Connected with Cash Assistance in Illinois and Maryland
Creators: name: Piecyk, Jessica
name: Collins, Ann
name: Kreader, J. Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Child care services
Public welfare
Poor families
Subsidies

description: This report examines the use of child care vouchers in January of 1997 and 1998 by children from Illinois and Maryland families who were current or former recipients of cash assistance. It is the second publication from the Child Care Research Partnership at the National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health.  Patterns of types of care used by families connected to cash assistance in the two states were very different.  In Illinois, care by a child’s relative was the most common and in-home care was the second most common. In Maryland, center care was the most common and family child care was the next most common.  Each state’s pattern of types of care used by families previously on cash assistance was quite similar to its pattern for families currently on cash assistance.  Ages of children using vouchers were very similar in the two states.  In both, approximately one-quarter were infants and toddlers (under age three), one third were preschoolers (ages 3–5), and two-fifths were school-age children (6–12).  In both states, families with three or more children were more likely to use relative and in-home care than other types of care.  In both states, infants and toddlers were the age group most likely to use family child care; preschoolers were the age group most likely to use center care; and school-age children the group most likely to use relative and in-home care.  Numbers of former TANF children using vouchers grew significantly in both states between January 1997 and January 1998, while numbers of current TANF children using vouchers remained steady.  In both states, approximately half the children using vouchers in January 1997 did not use them one year later.  Growth rates in the use of different types of child care varied in the two states. In Illinois, family child care experienced the greatest percentage growth between January 1997 and January 1998.  In Maryland, relative and in-home care grew the most during that year.  In each state, however, the form of care which experienced the greatest growth in use still remained the form of care least used in January 1998.  Change in the age distribution of children using vouchers was very similar in the two states between January 1997 and January 1998.  In both states, the largest growth occurred in the school-age 10–12 population, followed closely by the infant-and-toddler population.
Simulations of Wide-Field Weak Lensing Surveys II: Covariance Matrix of Real Space Correlation Functions
Creators: name: Sato, Masanori
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Hamana, Takashi
name: Matsubara, Takahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 1000 ray-tracing simulations for a Λ-dominated cold dark model in Sato et al. (2009), we study the covariance matrix of cosmic shear correlation functions, which is the standard statistics used in the previous measurements. The shear correlation function of a particular separation angle is affected by Fourier modes over a wide range of multipoles, even beyond a survey area, which complicates the analysis of the covariance matrix. To overcome such obstacles we first construct Gaussian shear simulations from the 1000 realizations, and then use the Gaussian simulations to disentangle the Gaussian covariance contribution to the covariance matrix we measured from the original simulations. We found that an analytical formula of Gaussian covariance overestimates the covariance amplitudes due to an effect of finite survey area. Furthermore, the clean separation of the Gaussian covariance allows to examine the non-Gaussian covariance contributions as a function of separation angles and source redshifts. For upcoming surveys with typical source redshifts of z_s=0.6 and 1.0, the non-Gaussian contribution to the diagonal covariance components at 1 arcminute scales is greater than the Gaussian contribution by a factor of 20 and 10, respectively. Predictions based on the halo model qualitatively well reproduce the simulation results, however show a sizable disagreement in the covariance amplitudes. By combining these simulation results we develop a fitting formula to the covariance matrix for a survey with arbitrary area coverage, taking into account effects of the finiteness of survey area on the Gaussian covariance.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Simulation data (1000 convergence power spectra and cosmic shear correlation functions for {\xi}+({\theta}) and {\xi}-({\theta})) are available upon request (contact masanori@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Testimony on Measuring Poverty in America
Creators: name: Cauthen, Nancy K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Poverty--Measurement
Poverty--Health aspects
Cost and standard of living
Poor families

description: Thank you, Chairman McDermott and members of the subcommittee for this opportunity to testify. I’d like to begin by thanking you for holding this hearing and addressing the important issue of how we measure poverty. My name is Nancy Cauthen, and I am the Deputy Director of the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). NCCP is a policy research organization at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. Our mission is to promote the health, economic security, and well-being of America’s most vulnerable children and families. NCCP uses research to identify problems and find solutions at the state and national levels. My testimony will address the following points: Child and family poverty exact a high toll on our society, so it is critical that we measure it in a way that allows us to best identify who needs assistance and what kinds of assistance.; Although the National Academy of Sciences 1995 recommendations and subsequent refinements for updating the official poverty measure offer the most promising approach, the thresholds would still be too low to identify all those who need help.; To improve child and family well-being, we must address not only income poverty but also material hardship.; Family budgeting approaches provide an alternative way to understand what it takes for families to meet their basic needs and to achieve a reasonable standard of living.
Planning for Data Management
Creators: name: Smith, Plato
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: data management planning
DCC
DMPTool
Stakeholders
Training

description: This is 1 of 6 webinars scheduled for Fall 2021 for UF researchers. 28 researchers attended this webinar. Increasingly, researchers are required to develop data management plans detailing the aggregation, dissemination, and preservation of their research. This is particularly true for federally-funded research. The funding, managing, and sharing of research data involve multiple stakeholders throughout the data lifecycle. This training workshop will introduce the participants to (1) key stakeholders responsible for effective data management, (2) key components of a data management plan (includes ownership, collection, storage, and sharing), (3) some UF infrastructure and resources to include in a data management plan, and (5) the DMPTool that allows participants to develop a data management plan.
description: In this workshop, participants will: (1) Review DCC Checklist for Data Management Plan; (2) View two DMP examples from successfully awarded grant proposals by UF researchers, and (3) Explore the DMPTool (https://dmptool.org/) to create data management plans.
The exchange bias phenomenon in uncompensated interfaces: Theory and Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Billoni, Orlando V.
name: Cannas, Sergio A.
name: Tamarit, Francisco A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed Monte Carlo simulations in a bilayer system composed by two thin films, one ferromagnetic (FM) and the other antiferromagnetic (AFM). Two lattice structures for the films were considered: simple cubic (sc) and a body center cubic (bcc). In both lattices structures we imposed an uncompensated interfacial spin structure, in particular we emulated a FeF2-FM system in the case of the (bcc) lattice. Our analysis focused on the incidence of the interfacial strength interactions between the films J_eb and the effect of thermal fluctuations on the bias field H_EB. We first performed Monte Carlo simulations on a microscopic model based on classical Heisenberg spin variables. To analyze the simulation results we also introduced a simplified model that assumes coherent rotation of spins located on the same layer parallel to the interface. We found that, depending on the AFM film anisotropy to exchange ratio, the bias field is either controlled by the intrinsic pinning of a domain wall parallel to the interface or by the stability of the first AFM layer (quasi domain wall) near the interface.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
The role of Ca in superconducting and magnetic properties of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7 (x = 0.0-0.30)
Creators: name: Liyanawaduge, N. P.
name: Kumar, Anuj
name: Kumar, Shiva
name: Karunarathne, B. S. B.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the structural, superconducting, magnetic and granular properties of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7; x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. Rietveld fitted X-ray diffraction data confirms the single phase formation for all the samples. The orthorhombicity of parent compound (x = 0.0) decreases and becomes closer to the tetragonal structure for higher Ca concentration. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) decreases with increasing Ca content due to both over-doping and ensuing disorder in the superconducting CuO2 planes with Ca doping. DC susceptibility measurements reveal reduction of Meissner fraction with Ca doping, suggesting the flux pining effect. The AC susceptibility measurements reveal the enhancement of grain coupling with increasing Ca content in the system. The average grain size is found to increase with Ca doping. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations indicate better grain connectivity in terms of narrow grain boundaries for Ca doped samples. It is concluded that limited Ca doping enhances the superconducting performance of YBa2Cu3O7 system.
description: 22 pages text + Figs: Comments welcome(awana@mail.nplindia.ernet.in)
MPEC 2025-F239 : 2025 FC15
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FC15

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Noisy entanglement evolution for graph states
Creators: name: Aolita, L.
name: Cavalcanti, D.
name: Chaves, R.
name: Dhara, C.
name: Davidovich, L.
name: Acin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general method for the study of the entanglement evolution of graph states under the action of Pauli was recently proposed in [Cavalcanti, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 030502 (2009)]. This method is based on lower and upper bounds on the entanglement of the entire state as a function only of the state of a considerably-smaller subsystem, which undergoes an effective noise process. This provides a huge simplification on the size of the matrices involved in the calculation of entanglement in these systems. In the present paper we elaborate on this method in details and generalize it to other natural situations not described by Pauli maps. Specifically, for Pauli maps we introduce an explicit formula for the characterization of the resulting effective noise. Beyond Pauli maps, we show that the same ideas can be applied to the case of thermal reservoirs at arbitrary temperature. In the latter case, we discuss how to optimize the bounds as a function of the noise strength. We illustrate our ideas with explicit exemplary results for several different graphs and particular decoherence processes. The limitations of the method are also discussed.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. v2: published version
Young Child Poverty in the States, Wide Variation and Significant Change
Creators: name: Bennett, Neil G.
name: Li, Jiali
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The purpose of this research brief from the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) is to describe levels and trends of young child poverty in the states and to understand some of the important reasons behind the differences across the states. Key findings from the research brief include:  Considerable variation exists among the states’ young child poverty rates (YCPRs). In particular, seven states and the District of Columbia have rates significantly higher than the national average and 15 states have rates that are significantly lower. Young child poverty rates for 1992–1996 ranged from 11 percent in Utah to 41 percent in Louisiana.  Ten states have experienced significant changes in their YCPRs between 1979–1983* and 1992–1996. Specifically, eight states’ YCPRs increased, while the rates of two states decreased. Changes in state young child poverty rates ranged from a 53 percent increase in Oklahoma to a 39 percent fall in Vermont.  Nationally, the young child poverty rate (YCPR) increased from 22.0 to 24.7 percent during the period covered by the study —an increase of 12 percent. The number of poor young children in the United States grew from an average of 4.4 million to an average of 5.9 million over the same period.  California, New York, and Texas each experienced steep increases (24, 21, and 24 percent respectively) in their YCPRs between 1979–1983 and 1992–1996. These increases were significantly higher than the national increase of 12 percent. Indeed, more than half of the increase in the average number of poor young children in the United States over the period covered in this study can be attributed to these three states.  Three demographic factors—changes in family structure, employment patterns, and educational attainment—accounted for a notable proportion of the changes in state young child poverty rates over the past two decades.
Universal Design for Learning: Its Application to English for Academic Purposes Classrooms in Canada
Creators: name: Khatri, Raj
Publisher: name: BC TEAL Journal
Year: 2021

description: In a time when students around the globe continue to pursue their higher studies in English-speaking countries, educators also continue to explore innovative teaching methods and approaches in order to support learning. Universal design for learning (UDL) is an innovative teaching framework that has recently drawn considerable attention among educators and researchers alike in Canada. A UDL framework helps educators, including English-for-academic-purposes (EAP) and English-as-an-additional-language (EAL) instructors, consider learner variability, motivate and engage learners in in multiple ways, provide instructional resources and materials in various forms, and offer learners opportunities to demonstrate learning in alternate pathways. This article presents three core UDL principles: multiple means of engagement, multiple means of representation, and multiple means of action and expression and establishes connections to teaching EAP. The purpose is to interpret these three UDL principles and respective guidelines in EAP contexts and discuss how these principles and guidelines can be applied to EAP classrooms in order to support language learning in Canada.
description: BC TEAL Journal, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021)
Planning for the Effects of Climate Change on Natural Resources
Creators: name: Wentz, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Natural resources--Management--Planning
Conservation of natural resources
Climatic changes
Environmental law
Environmental policy
Land use--Planning

description: This article, published in the Environmental Law Reporter, examines how the federal agencies that manage natural resources and public lands can account for the current and future impacts of climate change in their management activities. It finds that the federal agencies responsible for managing these resources have generally recognized that considerations pertaining to climate change adaptation should be incorporated into existing planning processes, yet this topic is still treated as an afterthought in many planning documents. Only a few federal agencies have published guidance on how managers should consider climate change impacts and their management implications. This Article explains why these agencies are legally required to consider climate-related risks in planning processes, and presents recommendations and a model protocol for conducting this analysis.
A volumetric Penrose inequality for conformally flat manifolds
Creators: name: Schwartz, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C99, 53C20

description: We consider asymptotically flat Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature that are conformal to $\R^{n}\setminus Ω, n\ge 3$, and so that their boundary is a minimal hypersurface. (Here, $Ω\subset \R^{n}$ is open bounded with smooth mean-convex boundary.) We prove that the ADM mass of any such manifold is bounded below by $(V/β_{n})^{(n-2)/n}$, where $V$ is the Euclidean volume of $Ω$ and $β_{n}$ is the volume of the Euclidean unit $n$-ball. This gives a partial proof to a conjecture of Bray and Iga \cite{brayiga}. Surprisingly, we do not require the boundary to be outermost.
description: 7 pages
Luminosity function of galaxies in groups in the SDSS DR7: the dependence on mass, environment and galaxy type
Creators: name: Zandivarez, Ariel
name: Martinez, Hector J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an analysis of the luminosities of galaxies in groups in the SDSS DR7. We analyse the luminosity function (LF) as a function of group mass for different photometric bands, galaxy populations, galaxy positions within the groups, and the group surrounding large scale density. We find that M* brightens and alpha becomes steeper as a function of mass in all SDSS photometric bands, in agreement with previous results. From the analysis of different galaxy populations, we observe that different methods to split galaxy populations, based on the concentration index or the colour-magnitude diagram, produce quite different behaviours in the luminosity trends, mainly for alpha. These discrepancies and the trends with mass mentioned above are explained when analysing the LF of galaxies classified simultaneously according to their concentrations and colours. We find that only the red spheroids have a LF that strongly depends on group mass. Late type galaxies, whether blue or red, have luminosity functions that do not depend on group mass. The intrinsic change in the LF of spheroids and the varying number contributions of the different types explain all the observed trends with group mass. On the other hand, dividing the galaxy members in the inner and outer regions of the groups do not introduce a significant difference in the Schechter parameter trends, except for the characteristic absolute magnitude in the high group virial mass range (M>1x10^13 M_sun/h) which is an indication of luminosity segregation in massive groups. Finally, we also analyse the possible influence of the large scale surrounding environment on the LF. We find that galaxies inhabiting groups at low density regions experience more pronounced variations on the Schechter parameters as a function of groups mass, while galaxies in groups at high density regions show an almost constant behaviour.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, final version published in MNRAS
MPEC 2025-F240 : 2025 FD15
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FD15

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Increasing Gasoline Octane Levels to Reduce Vehicle Emissions: A Review of Federal and State Authority
Creators: name: Webb, Romany M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Gasoline--Anti-knock and anti-knock mixtures
Automobiles--Motors--Exhaust gas--Environmental aspects
Automobiles--Motors--Exhaust gas--Government policy
Environmental policy
Climatic changes
Gasoline--Law and legislation

description: This paper explores the potential for federal and/or state regulation of gasoline octane levels. At the federal level EPA is authorized to regulate the components and/or characteristics of gasoline under section 211 of the Clean Air Act. Pursuant to that section, EPA may regulate octane if evidence before it demonstrates that switching to high octane gasoline is necessary to achieve vehicle carbon dioxide emissions standards (i.e., adopted under section 202 of the Clean Air Act) or would significantly reduce the costs of achieving those standards. If EPA promulgates regulations, or publishes a finding that regulation is unnecessary, state regulatory action will be pre-empted. There is, however, an exception for California which may adopt its own regulations regardless of any action by EPA. Regulations adopted by California are not subject to review and/or approval by EPA. The regulations only apply in California and cannot be adopted by other states, in preference to federal regulations, as is permitted with respect to vehicle emission standards.
An Algorithm for Classification of Binary Self-Dual Codes
Creators: name: Bouyuklieva, Stefka
name: Bouyukliev, Iliya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.1; F.2.2
subject: 05A05, 11T71, 94B04

description: An efficient algorithm for classification of binary self-dual codes is presented. As an application, a complete classification of the self-dual codes of length 38 is given.
description: The title is changed
Non-adiabatic perturbations in decaying vacuum cosmology
Creators: name: Zimdahl, W.
name: Borges, H. A.
name: Carneiro, S.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Hipólito-Ricaldi, W. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmology in which a decaying vacuum term causes matter production at late times. Assuming a decay proportional to the Hubble rate, the ratio of the background energy densities of dark matter and dark energy changes with the cosmic scale factor as $a^{-3/2}$. The intrinsically non-adiabatic two-component perturbation dynamics of this model is reduced to a single second-order equation. Perturbations of the vacuum term are shown to be negligible on scales that are relevant for structure formation. On larger scales, dark-energy perturbations give a somewhat higher contribution but remain always smaller than the dark-matter perturbations.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, discussion of initial conditions enlarged, accepted for publication in JCAP
Thermally Favourable Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Dalianis, Ioannis
name: Lalak, Zygmunt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the thermal evolution of the spurion and messenger fields of ordinary gauge mediation models taking into account the Standard Model degrees of freedom. It is shown that for thermalized messengers the metastable susy breaking vacuum becomes thermally selected provided that the susy breaking sector is sufficiently weakly coupled to messengers or to any other observable field.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, plain latex; numerical factors corrected, final version
Singly-even self-dual codes with minimal shadow
Creators: name: Bouyuklieva, Stefka
name: Willems, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94B05, 11T71

description: In this note we investigate extremal singly-even self-dual codes with minimal shadow. For particular parameters we prove non-existence of such codes. By a result of Rains \cite{Rains-asymptotic}, the length of extremal singly-even self-dual codes is bounded. We give explicit bounds in case the shadow is minimal.
Additional file 1 of High-dose Intensity-modulated proton therapy versus Standard-dose Intensity-modulated RadIation therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HI-SIRI): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Lertbutsayanukul, Chawalit
name: Kitpanit, Sarin
name: Kannarunimit, Danita
name: Chakkabat, Chakkapong
name: Oonsiri, Sornjarod
name: Thephamongkhol, Kullathorn
name: Puataweepong, Putipun
name: Katanyoo, Kanyarat
name: Sukhaboon, Jirasak
name: Tovanabut, Chokaew
name: Chongsathientham, Sirikanya
name: Treeratsapanich, Pornravee
name: Soonthornrak, Jirarat
name: Prayongrat, Anussara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplement 1. Target volumes and normal structure delineation and constraints. Supplement 2. Chemotherapy dosage modifications protocol.
Constructing towers with skeletons from open Lie algebras and integrability
Creators: name: Palese, Marcella
name: Winterroth, Ekkehart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J70, 37K30

description: We provide a given algebraic structure with the structure of an infinitesimal algebraic skeleton. The necessary conditions for integrability of the absolute parallelism of a tower with such a skeleton are dispersive nonlinear models and related conservation laws given in the form of associated linear spectral problems.
description: misprints corrected, title changed, some remarks added
Input to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights with respect to his upcoming visit to the United States
Creators: name: Columbia Center On Sustainable Investment
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Investments, Foreign
Human rights
Equality
Poverty
International business enterprises

description: We at the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI) are grateful for the opportunity to provide input to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights with respect to his upcoming visit to the United States.

CCSI, as a joint center of Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute at Columbia University, focuses on international investment and the impacts that such investment, and the international legal framework governing such investment, can have on inclusive, rights-compliant sustainable development. While the realization of human rights is critical to ensuring sustainable international investment, the human rights framework is often ignored or misunderstood in the context of investment, particularly in the United States. Our comments below highlight some of the impacts that the international investment regime has on inequality, poverty, extreme poverty and human rights in the United States and with respect to US extraterritorial obligations.
The Width of the Color Flux Tube at 2-Loop Order
Creators: name: Gliozzi, F.
name: Pepe, M.
name: Wiese, U. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The color flux tube connecting a static quark-anti-quark pair in Yang-Mills theory supports massless transverse fluctuations, which are the Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken translation invariance. Just as in chiral perturbation theory, the dynamics of these Goldstone bosons is described by a systematic low-energy effective field theory. We use the effective theory to calculate the width of the fluctuating string at the 2-loop level, using both cylindrical and toroidal boundary conditions. At zero temperature, the string width diverges logarithmically with the quark-anti-quark distance r. On the other hand, at low but non-zero temperature T = 1/β, for r >> β, the string width diverges linearly.
description: 15 pages, no figures. Version published in JHEP; revised discussion on lattice artifacts; typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Clinical feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a novel mixed reality system to manage phantom pain: a pilot study
Creators: name: Annaswamy, Thiru M
name: Bahirat, Kanchan
name: Raval, Gargi
name: Chung, Yu Yen
name: Pham, Tri
name: Prabhakaran, Balakrishnan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. In-home Setup.
G-Fano threefolds, I
Creators: name: Prokhorov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J45, 14E07, 14E30, 14E08, 14J30

description: We classify Fano threefolds with only terminal singularities whose canonical class is Cartier and divisible by 2, and satisfying an additional assumption that the $G$-invariant part of the Weil divisor class group is of rank 1 with respect to an action of some group $G$. In particular, we find a lot of examples of Fano 3-folds with "many" symmetries.
description: 36 pages, LaTeX2e