cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Loss of stability of a solitary wave through exciting a cnoidal wave on a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam ring
Creators: name: Yuan, Zongqiang
name: Wang, Jun
name: Chu, Min
name: Xia, Guodong
name: Zheng, Zhigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatiotemporal propagation behavior of a solitary wave is investigated on a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam ring. We observe the emergence of a cnoidal wave excited by the solitary wave. The cnoidal wave may coexist with the solitary wave for a long time associated with the periodic exchange of energy between these two nonlinear waves. The module of the cnoidal wave, which is considered as an indicator of the nonlinearity, is found to oscillate with the same period of the energy exchange. After the stage of coexistence, the interaction between these two nonlinear waves leads to the destruction of the cnoidal wave by the radiation of phonons. Finally, the interaction of the solitary wave with phonons leads to the loss of stability of the solitary wave.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Buckets of Tops
Creators: name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Takeuchi, Michihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reconstructing hadronically decaying top quarks is a key challenge at the LHC, affecting a long list of Higgs analyses and new physics searches. We propose a new method of collecting jets in buckets, corresponding to top quarks and initial state radiation. This method is particularly well suited for moderate transverse momenta of the top quark, closing the gap between top taggers and traditional top reconstruction. Applying it to searches for supersymmetric top squarks we illustrate the power of buckets.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Many-Body Quantum Chaos and Space-time Translational Invariance
Creators: name: Chan, Amos
name: Shivam, Saumya
name: Huse, David A.
name: De Luca, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the consequences of having translational invariance in space and in time in many-body quantum chaotic systems. We consider an ensemble of random quantum circuits, composed of single-site random unitaries and nearest neighbour couplings, as a minimal model of translational invariant many-body quantum chaotic systems. We evaluate the spectral form factor (SFF) as a sum over many-body Feynman diagrams, which simplifies in the limit of large local Hilbert space dimension $q$. At sufficiently large $t$, diagrams corresponding to rigid translations dominate, reproducing the chaotic behavior of random matrix theory (RMT). At finite $t$, we show that translational invariance introduces additional mechanisms via two novel Feynman diagrams, known as the crossed and deranged diagrams, which delay the emergence of RMT. Our analytics suggests the existence of exact scaling forms which describe the approach to RMT behavior in the scaling limit where both $t$ and $L$ are large while the ratio between $L$ and $L_\mathrm{Th}(t)$, the many-body Thouless length, is fixed. We numerically demonstrate, with simulations of two distinct circuit models, that in such a scaling limit, most microscopic details become unimportant, and the resulting scaling functions are largely universal, remarkably being only dependent on a few global properties of the system like the spatial dimensionality, and the space-time symmetries.
description: 8+13 pages, 5+24 figures
Imaging on PAPER: Centaurus A at 148 MHz
Creators: name: Stefan, Irina I.
name: Carilli, Chris L.
name: Green, David A.
name: Ali, Zaki
name: Aguirre, James E.
name: Bradley, Richard F.
name: DeBoer, Dave
name: Dexter, Matthew
name: Gugliucci, Nicole E.
name: Harris, D. E.
name: Jacobs, Daniel C.
name: Klima, Pat
name: MacMahon, Dave
name: Manley, Jason
name: Moore, David F.
name: Parsons, Aaron R.
name: Pober, Jonathan C.
name: Walbrugh, William P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations taken with the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) of the Centaurus A field in the frequency range 114 to 188 MHz. The resulting image has a 25' resolution, a dynamic range of 3500 and an r.m.s. of 0.5 Jy\beam (for a beam size of 25' x 23'). A spectral index map of Cen A is produced across the full band. The spectral index distribution is qualitatively consistent with electron reacceleration in regions of excess turbulence in the radio lobes, as previously identified morphologically. Hence, there appears to be an association of 'severe weather' in radio lobes with energy input into the relativistic electron population. We compare the PAPER large scale radio image with the X-ray image from the ROSAT All Sky Survey. There is a tentative correlation between radio and X-ray features at the end of the southern lobe, some 200 kpc from the nucleus, as might be expected from inverse Compton scattering of the CMB by the relativistic electrons also responsible for the radio synchrotron emission. The magnetic fields derived from the (possible) IC and radio emission are of similar magnitude to fields derived under the minimum pressure assumptions, ~ 1 μG. However, the X-ray field is complex, with large scale gradients and features possibly unrelated to Cen A. If these X-ray features are unrelated to Cen A, then these fields are lower limits.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; Section 7 and Fig. 5 have been revised and minor corrections have been implemented throught the paper; submitted for publication to MNRAS
Extracting the information backbone in online system
Creators: name: Zhang, Qian-Ming
name: Zeng, An
name: Shang, Ming-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information overload is a serious problem in modern society and many solutions such as recommender system have been proposed to filter out irrelevant information. In the literature, researchers mainly dedicated to improve the recommendation performance (accuracy and diversity) of the algorithms while overlooked the influence of topology of the online user-object bipartite networks. In this paper, we find that some information provided by the bipartite networks is not only redundant but also misleading. With such "less can be more" feature, we design some algorithms to improve the recommendation performance by eliminating some links from the original networks. Moreover, we propose a hybrid method combining the time-aware and topology-aware link removal algorithms to extract the backbone which contains the essential information for the recommender systems. From the practical point of view, our method can improve the performance and reduce the computational time of the recommendation system, thus improve both of their effectiveness and efficiency.
Significant Scales in Community Structure
Creators: name: Traag, V. A.
name: Krings, G.
name: Van Dooren, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many complex networks show signs of modular structure, uncovered by community detection. Although many methods succeed in revealing various partitions, it remains difficult to detect at what scale some partition is significant. This problem shows foremost in multi-resolution methods. We here introduce an efficient method for scanning for resolutions in one such method. Additionally, we introduce the notion of "significance" of a partition, based on subgraph probabilities. Significance is independent of the exact method used, so could also be applied in other methods, and can be interpreted as the gain in encoding a graph by making use of a partition. Using significance, we can determine "good" resolution parameters, which we demonstrate on benchmark networks. Moreover, optimizing significance itself also shows excellent performance. We demonstrate our method on voting data from the European Parliament. Our analysis suggests the European Parliament has become increasingly ideologically divided and that nationality plays no role.
description: To appear in Scientific Reports
Lepton-flavor violation and $(g-2)_μ$ in the $μν$SSM
Creators: name: Zhang, Hai-Bin
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
name: Zhao, Shu-Min
name: Gao, Tie-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T60, 81V15

description: Within framework of the $μ$ from $ν$ Supersymmetric Standard Model ($μν$SSM), exotic singlet right-handed neutrino superfields induce new sources for lepton-flavor violation. In this work, we investigate some lepton-flavor violating processes in detail in the $μν$SSM. The numerical results indicate that the branching ratios for lepton-flavor violating processes $μ\rightarrow eγ$, $τ\rightarrowμγ$ and $μ\rightarrow3e$ can reach $10^{-12}$ when $\tanβ$ is large enough, which can be detected in near future. We also discuss the constraint on the relevant parameter space of the model from the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment. In addition, from the scalars for the $μν$SSM we strictly separate the Goldstone bosons, which disappear in the physical gauge.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures, a version accepted in Nucl. Phys. B
Light-field microscopy with correlated beams for extended volumetric imaging at the diffraction limit
Creators: name: Massaro, Gianlorenzo
name: Giannella, Davide
name: Scagliola, Alessio
name: Di Lena, Francesco
name: Scarcelli, Giuliano
name: Garuccio, Augusto
name: Pepe, Francesco V.
name: D'Angelo, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light-field microscopy represents a promising solution for microscopic volumetric imaging, thanks to its capability to encode information on multiple planes in a single acquisition. This is achieved through its peculiar simultaneous capture of information on light spatial distribution and propagation direction. However, state-of-the-art light-field microscopes suffer from a detrimental loss of spatial resolution compared to standard microscopes. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a light-field microscopy architecture based on light intensity correlation, in which resolution is limited only by diffraction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in refocusing three-dimensional test targets and biological samples out of the focused plane. We improve the depth of field by a factor 6 with respect to conventional microscopy, at the same resolution, and obtain, from one acquired correlation image, about $130,000$ images, all seen from different perspectives; such multi-perspective images are employed to reconstruct over $40$ planes within a $1 \,\mathrm{mm}^3$ sample with a diffraction-limited resolution voxel of $20 \times 20 \times 30\ μ\mathrm{m}^3$.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Kinematics clustering enables head impact subtyping for better traumatic brain injury prediction
Creators: name: Zhan, Xianghao
name: Li, Yiheng
name: Liu, Yuzhe
name: Cecchi, Nicholas J.
name: Gevaert, Olivier
name: Zeineh, Michael M.
name: Grant, Gerald A.
name: Camarillo, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Traumatic brain injury can be caused by various types of head impacts. However, due to different kinematic characteristics, many brain injury risk estimation models are not generalizable across the variety of impacts that humans may sustain. The current definitions of head impact subtypes are based on impact sources (e.g., football, traffic accident), which may not reflect the intrinsic kinematic similarities of impacts across the impact sources. To investigate the potential new definitions of impact subtypes based on kinematics, 3,161 head impacts from various sources including simulation, college football, mixed martial arts, and car racing were collected. We applied the K-means clustering to cluster the impacts on 16 standardized temporal features from head rotation kinematics. Then, we developed subtype-specific ridge regression models for cumulative strain damage (using the threshold of 15%), which significantly improved the estimation accuracy compared with the baseline method which mixed impacts from different sources and developed one model (R^2 from 0.7 to 0.9). To investigate the effect of kinematic features, we presented the top three critical features (maximum resultant angular acceleration, maximum angular acceleration along the z-axis, maximum linear acceleration along the y-axis) based on regression accuracy and used logistic regression to find the critical points for each feature that partitioned the subtypes. This study enables researchers to define head impact subtypes in a data-driven manner, which leads to more generalizable brain injury risk estimation.
description: 4 figures
Two-photon and three-photon blockades in driven nonlinear systems
Creators: name: Miranowicz, Adam
name: Paprzycka, Malgorzata
name: Liu, Yu-xi
name: Bajer, Jiri
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon blockade, in analogy to Coulomb's or phonon blockades, is a phenomenon when a single photon in a nonlinear cavity blocks the transmission of a second photon. This effect can occur in Kerr-type systems driven by a laser due to strong nonlinear photon-photon interactions. We predict the occurrence of higher-order photon blockades where the transmission of more than two photons is effectively blocked by single- and two-photon states. This photon blockade can be achieved by tuning the frequency of the laser driving field to be equal to the sum of the Kerr nonlinearity and the cavity resonance frequency. We refer to this phenomenon as two-photon blockade or two-photon state truncation via nonlinear scissors, and can also be interpreted as photon-induced tunneling. We also show that, for a driving-field frequency fulfilling another resonance condition and for higher strengths of the driving field, even a three-photon blockade can occur but less clearly than in the case of single- and two-photon blockades. We demonstrate how various photon blockades can be identified by analyzing photon-number correlations, coherence and entropic properties, Wigner functions, and spectra of squeezing. We show that two- and three-photon blockades can, in principle, be observed in various cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamical systems for which the standard single-photon blockade was observed without the need of using higher-order driving interactions or Kerr media exhibiting higher-order nonlinear susceptibility.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
The strong fractional choice number and the strong fractional paint number of graphs
Creators: name: Xu, Rongxing
name: Zhu, Xuding
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies the strong fractional choice number $ch^s_f(G)$ and the strong fractional paint number $χ^s_{f,P}(G)$ of a graph $G$. We prove that these parameters of any finite graph are rational numbers. On the other hand, for any positive integers $p,q$ satisfying $2 \le \frac{2p}{2q+1} \leq \lfloor\frac{p}{q}\rfloor$, there exists a graph $G$ with $ch^s_f(G) = χ^s_{f,P}(G) = \frac{p}{q}$. The relationship between $χ^s_{f,P}(G)$ and $ch^s_f(G)$ is explored. We prove that the gap $χ^s_{f,P}(G)-ch^s_f(G)$ can be arbitrarily large. The strong fractional choice number of a family $\mathcal{G}$ of graphs is the supremum of the strong fractional choice number of graphs in $\mathcal{G}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ denote the class of planar graphs and $\mathcal{P}_{k_1,\ldots, k_q}$ denote the class of planar graphs without $k_i$-cycles for $i=1,\ldots, q$. We prove that $3 + \frac{1}{2} \leq ch^s_f(\mathcal{P}_{ 4}) \leq 4$, $ch^s_f(\mathcal{P}_{ k})=4$ for $k \in \{5,6\}$, $3 +\frac{1}{12} \leq ch^s_f(\mathcal{P}_{ 4,5}) \leq 4$ and $ch^s_f(\mathcal{P}) \ge 4+\frac 13$. The last result improves the lower bound $4+\frac 29$ in [X. Zhu, multiple list colouring of planar graphs, Journal of Combin. Th. Ser. B,122(2017),794-799].
description: 20 pages,6 figures
Widefield VLBI observations of M31: A Unique Probe of the Ionized ISM of a nearby galaxy
Creators: name: Morgan, John S.
name: Argo, Megan K.
name: Trott, Cathryn M.
name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Deller, Adam
name: Middelberg, Enno
name: Miller-Jones, James
name: Tingay, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The VLBA was used at 1.6 GHz to observe a target field 50 arcminutes in diameter including the core of M31. Novel VLBI correlation techniques were used to observe 200 sources simultaneously, of which 16 were detected. We classify all 16 as background AGN based on their X-ray properties and arcsecond- and mas-scale morphology. The detected sources were then analyzed for evidence of scatter-broadening due to the ionized ISM of M31. The detection of a compact background source only 0.25 kpc projected distance from M31 places a constraint on the extent of any extreme scattering region associated with center of M31. However, the two sources closest to the core show evidence of scatter broadening consistent with that which would be observed if a compact source were observed through the inner disk of our Galaxy at the inclination of M31. We interpret this as a detection of the ionized ISM of M31 along two lines of sight. With the increases in bandwidth and sensitivity envisaged for future long-baseline interferometers, this should prove to be a remarkably powerful technique for understanding the ionized ISM in external galaxies.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. submitted to ApJ 2013-02-15, accepted 2013-02-23
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Perfectly Compensated Collinear Antiferromagnetic Thin Films
Creators: name: Lei, Chao
name: Heinonen, Olle
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum anomalous Hall effect almost always occurs in magnetic topological insulator thin films whenever the top and bottom surface layer magnetizations are parallel, independent of the interior layer magnetization configuration. Using this criteria we identify structures that have a quantum anomalous Hall effect even though they have collinear magnetic structures with no net magnetization, and discuss strategies for realizing these interesting magnetic states experimentally.
description: 6 pages + 4 figures, supplemental materials not included
Speech Enhancement Based on Cyclegan with Noise-informed Training
Creators: name: Ting, Wen-Yuan
name: Wang, Syu-Siang
name: Chang, Hsin-Li
name: Su, Borching
name: Tsao, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) were successfully applied to speech enhancement (SE) tasks with unpaired noisy-clean training data. The CycleGAN SE system adopted two generators and two discriminators trained with losses from noisy-to-clean and clean-to-noisy conversions. CycleGAN showed promising results for numerous SE tasks. Herein, we investigate a potential limitation of the clean-to-noisy conversion part and propose a novel noise-informed training (NIT) approach to improve the performance of the original CycleGAN SE system. The main idea of the NIT approach is to incorporate target domain information for clean-to-noisy conversion to facilitate a better training procedure. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed NIT approach improved the generalization capability of the original CycleGAN SE system with a notable margin.
Canis Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis

description: Canis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:38. TYPE SPECIES: Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (= Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) by Linnean tautonomy (Melville and Smith, 1987). COMMENTS: Van Gelder (1978) included Alopex, Atelocynus, Cerdocyon, Pseudalopex, Lycalopex, Dusicyon, and Vulpes as subgenera. However, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (Berta, 1987, 1988; Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Hall, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989b).
description: Published as part of W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, pp. 279-348 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359191
description: {"references": ["Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.", "Melville, R. V., and J. D. D. Smith (eds.). 1987. Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 366 pp.", "Van Gelder, R. G. 1978. A review of canid classification. American Museum Novitates, 2646: 1 - 10.", "Berta, A. 1987. Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of the South American Canidae. Pp. 455 - 471, in Studies in Neotropical Mammalogy: Essays in honor of Philip Hershkovitz (B. D. Patterson and R. M. Timm, eds.). Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 39 (1382): 1 - 506.", "Berta, A. 1988. Quaternary evolution and biogeography of the large South American Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). University of California Publications, Geological Sciences, 132: 1 - 149.", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.", "Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian).", "Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.", "Wozencraft, W. C. 1989 b. Classification of the Recent Carnivora. Pp. 569 - 593, in Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 620 pp."]}
Edge spin excitations and reconstructions of integer quantum Hall liquids
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuhui
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of electron-electron interaction on the charge and spin structures at the edge of integer quantum Hall liquids, under three different kinds of confining potentials. Our exact diagonalization calculation for small systems indicates that the low energy excitations of ν=1 ferromagnetic state are bosonic edge spin waves. Instabilities of the ferromagnetic state with altering confinement strength result from the softening of these edge spin waves, and formation of edge spin textures. In ν\lesssim 2 regime, exact diagonalization on edge electron systems indicates that compact Hartree-Fock states with different total spin always become ground states in some regions of parameter space, and the ground states appear in between two compact states are their edge spin waves. The initial ν=2 instability is toward the compact state with total spin 1. Larger systems are studied using a microscopic trial wave functions, and some quantitative predictions on the edge instabilities for a certain type of confining potential are reached in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables
Approaching realism in social dilemmas: moody reinforcement learners can conditionally replicate human models
Creators: name: Feehan, Grace
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 469999
subject: Other information and computing sciences not elsewhere classified

description: More obscure components of affect - such as mood - are frequently undervalued in artificial agent modelling, despite demonstrative evidence that they may have an influence on human social processes. Artificial mood in particular has been shown to increase proportions of prosocial behaviours when combined with typically self-focused machine learning algorithms; though, the research at this stage is fairly preliminary and has much scope for expansion. Social dilemmas provide a simplified and succinct domain in which to test such mechanisms whilst adding novel experimental elements from human research. Utilising the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, we evaluate a promising existing model of moody reinforcement learning technique across a broad range of network structures and environmental manipulations. With the end goal of identifying flaws in the model and suggesting improvements, we first review what it means to model such human structures, what psychological research tells us about such structures to begin with, and alternative existing models to the one deployed here. Through these, we design a formal framework of critique and analysis to thoroughly review the existing state of the algorithm. Then, we present three clusters of quantitative experiments across two custom-designed multi-agent network simulations - static and dynamic - with a number of additional experimental factors taken from prior agent work and existing human psychological research. These factors include manipulation of interaction structure, the payoff matrix used, proportions of game-playing strategies present, the ability to reject game partners, the method by which we evaluate game partners for this rejection, and variables controlling the restructuring of the network itself. Overall, we find that all but one of these factors provides methods by which we can further enhance the algorithm’s naturally cooperative nature. In particular, the most elucidating aspects in regards to modelling human behavioural trends are the algorithm’s natural reactivity to summary variables of the payoff matrix structure - the Cooperation Index - and certain dynamic network restructuring factors, both of which are completely novel to literature on this algorithm. The latter of these two is only facilitated through one particular partner-rejection evaluation strategy, despite its simple structure, and incentivises scope for further research. Lastly, we provide in-depth analysis of the algorithm’s strengths and flaws, with clear outlines for judging its successes and recommendations for its next stages of development. Combining these, we hope to add to the growth of this particular computational affect model in new ways.
Data-driven decomposition of brain dynamics with principal component analysis in different types of head impacts
Creators: name: Zhan, Xianghao
name: Liu, Yuzhe
name: Cecchi, Nicholas J.
name: Gevaert, Olivier
name: Zeineh, Michael M.
name: Grant, Gerald A.
name: Camarillo, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Strain and strain rate are effective traumatic brain injury predictors. Kinematics-based models estimating these metrics suffer from significant different distributions of both kinematics and the injury metrics across head impact types. To address this, previous studies focus on the kinematics but not the injury metrics. We have previously shown the kinematic features vary largely across head impact types, resulting in different patterns of brain deformation. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of brain deformation and applies principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the representative patterns of injury metrics (maximum principal strain (MPS), MPS rate (MPSR) and MPSXMPSR) in four impact types (simulation, football, mixed martial arts and car crashes). We apply PCA to decompose the patterns of the injury metrics for all impacts in each impact type, and investigate the distributions among brain regions using the first principal component (PC1). Furthermore, we developed a deep learning head model (DLHM) to predict PC1 and then inverse-transform to predict for all brain elements. PC1 explained >80% variance on the datasets. Based on PC1 coefficients, the corpus callosum and midbrain exhibit high variance on all datasets. We found MPSXMPSR the most sensitive metric on which the top 5% of severe impacts further deviates from the mean and there is a higher variance among the severe impacts. Finally, the DLHM reached mean absolute errors of <0.018 for MPS, <3.7 (1/s) for MPSR and <1.1 (1/s) for MPSXMPSR, much smaller than the injury thresholds. The brain injury metric in a dataset can be decomposed into mean components and PC1 with high explained variance. The brain dynamics decomposition enables better interpretation of the patterns in brain injury metrics and the sensitivity of brain injury metrics across impact types. The decomposition also reduces the dimensionality of DLHM.
Detection of molecular absorption in the dayside of exoplanet 51 Pegasi b?
Creators: name: Brogi, M.
name: Snellen, I. A. G.
name: de Kok, R. J.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Birkby, J. L.
name: de Mooij, E. J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of 51 Pegasi using CRIRES at the Very Large Telescope. The system was observed for 3x5 hours at 2.3 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 100,000, targeting potential signatures from carbon monoxide, water vapour and methane in the planet's dayside spectrum. In the first 2x5 hours of data, we find a combined signal from carbon monoxide and water in absorption at a formal 5.9σ confidence level, indicating a non-inverted atmosphere. We derive a planet mass of M_P = (0.46 +- 0.02) M_Jup and an orbital inclination i between 79.6 and 82.2 degrees, with the upper limit set by the non-detection of the planet transit in previous photometric monitoring. However, there is no trace of the signal in the final 5 hours of data. A statistical analysis indicates that the signal from the first two nights is robust, but we find no compelling explanation for its absence in the final night. The latter suffers from stronger noise residuals and greater instrumental instability than the first two nights, but these cannot fully account for the missing signal. It is possible that the integrated dayside emission from 51 Peg b is instead strongly affected by weather. However, more data are required before we can claim any time variability in the planet's atmosphere.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
A combined experimental and computational study of the pressure dependence of the vibrational spectrum of solid picene C_22H_14
Creators: name: Capitani, F.
name: Hoeppner, M.
name: Joseph, B.
name: Malavasi, L.
name: Artioli, G. A.
name: Baldassarre, L.
name: Perucchi, A.
name: Piccinini, M.
name: Lupi, S.
name: Dore, P.
name: Boeri, L.
name: Postorino, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-quality optical data and density functional perturbation theory calculations for the vibrational spectrum of solid picene (C$_{22}$H$_{14}$) under pressure up to 8 GPa. First-principles calculations reproduce with a remarkable accuracy the pressure effects on both frequency and intensities of the phonon peaks experimentally observed . Through a detailed analysis of the phonon eigenvectors, We use the projection on molecular eigenmodes to unambiguously fit the experimental spectra, resolving complicated spectral structures, in a system with hundreds of phonon modes. With these projections, we can also quantify the loss of molecular character under pressure. Our results indicate that picene, despite a \sim 20 % compression of the unit cell, remains substantially a molecular solid up to 8 GPa, with phonon modes displaying a smooth and uniform hardening with pressure. The Grueneisen parameter of the 1380 cm^{-1} a_1 Raman peak ($γ_p=0.1$) is much lower than the effective value ($γ_d=0.8$) due to K doping. This is an indication that the phonon softening in K doped samples is mainly due to charge transfer and electron-phonon coupling.
description: Replaced with final version (PRB)
title: How to overcome the crisis of the European growth potential? The role of the government
Creators: name: Elekes, Andrea
name: Halmai, Péter
Publisher: name: LIUC - Università Cattaneo
Year: 2019

description: We suppose that the dramatic decline in the European output is more than a cyclical diversion from the potential output. We performed a medium term quantitative analysis combining data based on the production function and growth accounting approach. Our results show that the erosion of the European growth potential has been a longer latent process. It began well before the outbreak of the latest economic crisis. Simulations suggest that the recovery in the rate of potential growth can only be partial in the medium term and further erosion of the European growth potential can be expected in the longer term. Our analysis suggests that more attention should be focused on TFP growth. Therefore, the last part of our study tries to identify the factors that insurea more dynamic TFP growthand examine what the governments can do in order to increase productivity and overcome the crisis of the growth potential.
Ask "Who", Not "What": Bitcoin Volatility Forecasting with Twitter Data
Creators: name: Akbiyik, M. Eren
name: Erkul, Mert
name: Kaempf, Killian
name: Vasiliauskaite, Vaiva
name: Antulov-Fantulin, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the variations in trading price (volatility), and its response to exogenous information, is a well-researched topic in finance. In this study, we focus on finding stable and accurate volatility predictors for a relatively new asset class of cryptocurrencies, in particular Bitcoin, using deep learning representations of public social media data obtained from Twitter. For our experiments, we extracted semantic information and user statistics from over 30 million Bitcoin-related tweets, in conjunction with 15-minute frequency price data over a horizon of 144 days. Using this data, we built several deep learning architectures that utilized different combinations of the gathered information. For each model, we conducted ablation studies to assess the influence of different components and feature sets over the prediction accuracy. We found statistical evidences for the hypotheses that: (i) temporal convolutional networks perform significantly better than both classical autoregressive models and other deep learning-based architectures in the literature, and (ii) tweet author meta-information, even detached from the tweet itself, is a better predictor of volatility than the semantic content and tweet volume statistics. We demonstrate how different information sets gathered from social media can be utilized in different architectures and how they affect the prediction results. As an additional contribution, we make our dataset public for future research.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM '23), February 27-March 3, 2023, Singapore, Singapore. ACM, New York, NY, USA
Detecting Friendship Within Dynamic Online Interaction Networks
Creators: name: Merritt, Sears
name: Jacobs, Abigail Z.
name: Mason, Winter
name: Clauset, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many complex social systems, the timing and frequency of interactions between individuals are observable but friendship ties are hidden. Recovering these hidden ties, particularly for casual users who are relatively less active, would enable a wide variety of friendship-aware applications in domains where labeled data are often unavailable, including online advertising and national security. Here, we investigate the accuracy of multiple statistical features, based either purely on temporal interaction patterns or on the cooperative nature of the interactions, for automatically extracting latent social ties. Using self-reported friendship and non-friendship labels derived from an anonymous online survey, we learn highly accurate predictors for recovering hidden friendships within a massive online data set encompassing 18 billion interactions among 17 million individuals of the popular online game Halo: Reach. We find that the accuracy of many features improves as more data accumulates, and cooperative features are generally reliable. However, periodicities in interaction time series are sufficient to correctly classify 95% of ties, even for casual users. These results clarify the nature of friendship in online social environments and suggest new opportunities and new privacy concerns for friendship-aware applications that do not require the disclosure of private friendship information.
description: To Appear at the 7th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM '13), 11 pages, 1 table, 6 figures
Quantum soundness of testing tensor codes
Creators: name: Ji, Zhengfeng
name: Natarajan, Anand
name: Vidick, Thomas
name: Wright, John
name: Yuen, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A locally testable code is an error-correcting code that admits very efficient probabilistic tests of membership. Tensor codes provide a simple family of combinatorial constructions of locally testable codes that generalize the family of Reed-Muller codes. The natural test for tensor codes, the axis-parallel line vs. point test, plays an essential role in constructions of probabilistically checkable proofs. We analyze the axis-parallel line vs. point test as a two-prover game and show that the test is sound against quantum provers sharing entanglement. Our result implies the quantum-soundness of the low individual degree test, which is an essential component of the MIP* = RE theorem. Our proof also generalizes to the infinite-dimensional commuting-operator model of quantum provers.
description: v3: published version
Gravitationally induced inhibitions of dispersion according to a modified Schrödinger-Newton equation for a homogeneous-sphere potential
Creators: name: Giulini, Domenico
name: Großardt, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q40

description: We modify the time dependent Schrödinger-Newton equation by using a potential for a solid sphere suggested by Jääskeläinen (Jääskeläinen 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 052105) as well as a hollow-sphere potential. Compared to our recent paper (Giulini and Großardt 2011 Class. Quantum Grav. 28 195026) where a single point-particle, i.e. a Coulomb potential, was considered this has been suggested to be a more realistic model for a molecule. Surprisingly, compared to our previous results, inhibitions of dispersion of a Gaussian wave packet occur at even smaller masses for the solid-sphere potential, given that the width of the wave packet is not exceeded by the radius of the sphere.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. This second version was supplemented by an analysis how the separation of the N-particle SN equation leads to the considered centre-of-mass equation, as well as a considereation of a hollow-sphere potential in addition to the solid sphere considered previously
The Burmese Jade Mines belt: origins of jadeitites, serpentinites and ophiolitic peridotites and gabbros
Creators: name: Searle, M. P.
name: Palin, R. M.
name: Gardiner, N. J.
name: Htun, Kyi
name: Wade, J.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: U-Pb and Hf isotope analytical methodology.
Quantum-statistics-induced flow patterns in driven ideal Fermi gases
Creators: name: Beria, Marco
name: Iqbal, Yasir
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
name: Müller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While classical or quantum interacting liquids become turbulent under sufficiently strong driving, it is not obvious what flow pattern an ideal quantum gas develops under similar conditions. Unlike classical noninteracting particles which exhibit rather trivial flow, ideal fermions have to satisfy the exclusion principle, which acts as a form of collective repulsion. We thus study the flow of an ideal Fermi gas as it is driven out of a narrow orifice of width comparable to the Fermi wavelength, employing both a microcanonical approach to transport, and solving a Lindblad equation for Markovian driving leads. Both methods are in good agreement and predict an outflowing current density with a complex microscopic pattern of vorticity in the steady state. Applying a bias of the order of the chemical potential results in a short-range correlated antiferromagnetic vorticity pattern, corresponding to local moments of the order of a tenth of a magneton, $e\hbar/2m$, if the fermions are charged. The latter may be detectable by magnetosensitive spectroscopy in strongly driven cold gases (atoms) or clean electronic nanostructures (electrons).
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Enhancing disorder-free localization through dynamically emergent local symmetries
Creators: name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: Homeier, Lukas
name: Zhao, Hongzheng
name: Bohrdt, Annabelle
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Hauke, Philipp
name: Knolle, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder-free localization is a recently discovered phenomenon of nonergodicity that can emerge in quantum many-body systems hosting gauge symmetries when the initial state is prepared in a superposition of gauge superselection sectors. Thermalization is then prevented up to all accessible evolution times despite the model being nonintegrable and translation-invariant. In a recent work [Halimeh, Zhao, Hauke, and Knolle, arXiv:2111.02427], it has been shown that terms linear in the gauge-symmetry generator stabilize disorder-free localization in $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge theories against gauge errors that couple different superselection sectors. Here, we show in the case of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theories that disorder-free localization can not only be stabilized, but also \textit{enhanced} by the addition of translation-invariant terms linear in a local $\mathbb{Z}_2$ \textit{pseudogenerator} that acts identically to the full generator in a single superselection sector, but not necessarily outside of it. We show analytically and numerically how this leads through the quantum Zeno effect to the dynamical emergence of a renormalized gauge theory with an enhanced local symmetry, which contains the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge symmetry of the ideal model, associated with the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ pseudogenerator. The resulting proliferation of superselection sectors due to this dynamically emergent gauge theory creates an effective disorder greater than that in the original model, thereby enhancing disorder-free localization. We demonstrate the experimental feasibility of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ pseudogenerator by providing a detailed readily implementable experimental proposal for the observation of disorder-free localization in a Rydberg setup.
description: Accepted (in PRX Quantum) version
Simple, explicitly time-dependent and regular solutions of the linearized vacuum Einstein equations on a null cone
Creators: name: Mädler, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbations of the linearized vacuum Einstein equations on a null cone in the Bondi-Sachs formulation of General Relativity can be derived from a single master function with spin weight two, which is related to the Weyl scalar Ψ_0, and which is determined by a simple wave equation. Utilizing a standard spin representation of the tensors on a sphere and two different approaches to solve the master equation, we are able to determine two simple and explicitly time-dependent solutions. Both solutions, of which one is asymptotically flat, comply with the regularity conditions at the vertex of the null cone. For the asymptotically flat solution we calculate the corresponding linearized perturbations, describing all multipoles of spin-2 waves that propagate on a Minkowskian background spacetime. We also analyze the asymptotic behavior of this solution at null infinity using a Penrose compactification, and calculate the Weyl scalar, Ψ_4. Because of its simplicity, the asymptotically flat solution presented here is ideally suited for testbed calculations in the Bondi-Sachs formulation of numerical relativity. It may be considered as a sibling of the well-known Teukolsky-Rinne solutions, on spacelike hypersurfaces, for a metric adapted to null hypersurfaces.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D