cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Competition between parallel sensorimotor learning systems
Creators: name: Albert, S.T.
name: Shadmehr, R.
name: Della-Maggiore, V.
name: Krakauer, J.W.
name: Henriques, D.
name: Haith, A.M.
name: Modchalingam, S.
name: 't Hart, M.
name: Jang, J.
name: Lerner, G.
Publisher: name: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Sensorimotor learning is supported by at least two parallel systems: A strategic process that benefits from explicit knowledge, and an implicit process that adapts subconsciously. How do these systems interact? Does one system's contributions suppress the other, or do they operate independently? Here we illustrate that during reaching, implicit and explicit systems both learn from visual target errors. This shared error leads to competition such that an increase in the explicit system's response siphons away resources that are needed for implicit adaptation, thus reducing its learning. As a result, steady-state implicit learning can vary across experimental conditions, due to changes in strategy. Furthermore, strategies can mask changes in implicit learning properties, such as its error sensitivity. These ideas, however, become more complex in conditions where subjects adapt using multiple visual landmarks, a situation which introduces learning from sensory prediction errors in addition to target errors. These two types of implicit errors can oppose each other, leading to another type of competition. Thus, during sensorimotor adaptation, implicit and explicit learning systems compete for a common resource: error.
Distinct responses to rare codons in select Drosophila tissues
Creators: name: Rogers, Michael
name: Ruiz, Ivan Jimenez
name: Sawyer, Jessica K.
name: Cohen, Erez
name: Stewart, Rebeccah K.
name: Allen, Scott R.
name: Counter, Christopher M.
name: Fox, Donald T.
name: Laederach, Alain
Publisher: name: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Codon usage bias has long been appreciated to influence protein production. Yet, relatively few studies have analyzed the impacts of codon usage on tissue-specific mRNA and protein expression. Here, we use codon-modified reporters to perform an organism-wide screen in Drosophila melanogaster for distinct tissue responses to codon usage bias. These reporters reveal a cliff-like decline of protein expression near the limit of rare codon usage in endogenously expressed Drosophila genes. Near the edge of this limit, however, we find the testis and brain are uniquely capable of expressing rare codon-enriched reporters. We define a new metric of tissue-specific codon usage, the tissue-apparent Codon Adaptation Index (taCAI), to reveal a conserved enrichment for rare codon usage in the endogenously expressed genes of both Drosophila and human testis. We further demonstrate a role for rare codons in an evolutionarily young testis-specific gene, RpL10Aa. Optimizing RpL10Aa codons disrupts female fertility. Our work highlights distinct responses to rarely used codons in select tissues, revealing a critical role for codon bias in tissue biology.
Rescue of behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model by genetic restoration of Tcf4 expression
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyuan
name: Berens, Noah C.
name: Draper, Adam
name: Kim, Hyojin
name: Ritola, Kimberly D.
name: Higashi-Howard, Alexandra
name: Simon, Jeremy M.
name: Kennedy, Andrew J.
name: Gao, Eric B.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Vihma, Hanna
Publisher: name: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by monoallelic mutation or deletion in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. Individuals with PTHS typically present in the first year of life with developmental delay and exhibit intellectual disability, lack of speech, and motor incoordination. There are no effective treatments available for PTHS, but the root cause of the disorder, TCF4 haploinsufficiency, suggests that it could be treated by normalizing TCF4 gene expression. Here, we performed proof-of-concept viral gene therapy experiments using a conditional Tcf4 mouse model of PTHS and found that postnatally reinstating Tcf4 expression in neurons improved anxiety-like behavior, activity levels, innate behaviors, and memory. Postnatal reinstatement also partially corrected EEG abnormalities, which we characterized here for the first time, and the expression of key TCF4-regulated genes. Our results support a genetic normalization approach as a treatment strategy for PTHS, and possibly other TCF4-linked disorders.
The tight Second Law inequality for coherent quantum systems and finite-size heat baths
Creators: name: Łobejko, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new form of the Second Law inequality that defines a tight bound for extractable work from the non-equilibrium quantum state. In classical thermodynamics, the optimal work is given by the difference of free energy, what according to the result of Skrzypczyk \emph{et al.} can be generalized for individual quantum systems. The saturation of this bound, however, requires an infinite bath and an ideal energy storage that is able to extract work from coherences. The new inequality, defined in terms of the ergotropy (rather than free energy), incorporates both of those important microscopic effects. In particular, we derive a formula for the locked energy in coherences, i.e. a quantum contribution that cannot be extracted as a work, and we find out its thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, we establish a general relation between ergotropy and free energy of the arbitrary quantum system coupled to the heat bath, what reveals that the latter is indeed the ultimate thermodynamic bound regarding work extraction, and shows that ergotropy can be interpreted as the generalization of the free energy for the finite-size heat baths.
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРАВОВОГО ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ГАЛИЕВ А.У.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС ЛИЧНОСТИ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ
ПРАВА
ОБЯЗАННОСТИ
ИНТЕРЕСЫ
СВОБОДЫ
ПРАВОСПОСОБНОСТЬ
ГРАЖДАНСТВО
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
LEGAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL
CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS
RIGHTS
OBLIGATIONS
INTERESTS
FREEDOMS
LEGAL CAPACITY
CITIZENSHIP
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

description: В статье предметом исследования выступили конституционные основы правового положения личности в Российской Федерации. В свою очередь, институт правового положения личности занимает одно из самых важных мест в системе отрасли конституционного права Российской Федерации. Его нормы закрепляют основы правового статуса и отражают основные принципы, выражающие положение человека в государстве посредством принадлежащего ему объема прав и обязанностей.The article deals with the constitutional foundations of the legal status of the individual in the Russian Federation. In turn, the institution of the legal status of the individual occupies one of the most important places in the system of the constitutional law industry of the Russian Federation. Its norms consolidate the foundations of legal status and reflect the basic principles that express a person’s position in the state through the scope of his rights and obligations.
ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ПРИРОДООХРАННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Creators: name: ГОРДИН И.В.
name: НОВОЖИЛОВ А.В.
name: НОВОЖИЛОВА Ю.С.
name: ЧЕРЕДНИЧЕНКО А.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: СОЦИО-ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ
ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО
СФЕРА ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ОТХОДАМИ
SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT

description: Инфраструктура жизнеобеспечения и природоохраны формируется в тесной связи с менталитетом населения. Менталитет определяет и техническую сложность, и экономику инфраструктурных объектов. На примере сферы обращения с отходами анализируются резервы гуманитарного влияния на инфраструктурное строительство. Генерация отходов рассматривается, как процесс, определяемый в первую очередь потребностями социума. Если эти потребности воспринимать, как инвариантные, то усилия будут сосредоточены на технологиях сбора, сортировки, переработки, утилизации отходов. И технологии будут всё более усложняться, всё равно не успевая обеспечивать экологическое равновесие. Необходим критический анализ потребностей и их оптимизация не только по критериям комфорта, но и по критерию минимизации отходов производства и потребления.The infrastructure of life support and nature protection is formed in close connection with the mentality of the population. The mentality determines the technical complexity and economics of infrastructure facilities. Using the sphere of waste management as an example, the humanitarian impact on infrastructure construction is analyzed. If the needs of society are perceived as invariant, then efforts will be focused on technologies for the collection, sorting, processing, and disposal of waste. But a critical analysis of the needs themselves is needed, their optimization according to the criterion of minimizing production and consumption waste.
БИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ВОЗДУШНОЙ СРЕДЫ ГОРОДА УФА
Creators: name: КУРАМШИНА Н.Г.
name: ДОРОШ И.В.
name: НАБИЕВА Э.И.
name: БАШИРОВА Ч.Ф.
name: ХАЙДАРШИН А.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ВОЗДУШНАЯ СРЕДА
АНТРОПОГЕННОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ
БИОИНДИКАЦИЯ
СНЕЖНЫЙ ПОКРОВ
ВЫБРОСЫ
ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА
ЭКОТОКСИЧНОСТЬ
AIR ENVIRONMENT
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT
BIOINDICATION
INDICATORS
SNOW COVER
EMISSIONS
GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
ECOTOXICITY

description: В данной статье исследовано состояние воздушной среды города Уфы на примере Кировского района по биоиндикации снежного покрова. Представлен сравнительный анализ воздушной среды по экотоксичности снега в зоне интенсивного движения и жилой. Разработан алгоритм мониторинга за состоянием воздушной среды, основанный на комплексном подходе для более точной оценки состояния.This article explores the state of the air environment of the city of Ufa, Kirovsky district, based on snow cover. A comparative analysis of the air environment on the ecotoxicity of snow in the residential area and in the area of heavy traffic. An algorithm for monitoring the state of the air environment based on an integrated approach for a more accurate state assessment has been developed.
Progress towards open science in phytolith research: International Committee on Open Phytolith Science (ICOPS)
Creators: name: Karoune, Emma
name: Lancelotti, Carla
name: Bates, Jennifer
name: Dabengwa, Abraham
name: Dunseth, Zachary
name: García-Granero, Juan José
name: Ge, Yong
name: Kerfant, Celine
name: Madella, Marco
name: Musaubach, Maria Gabriela
name: Ruiz-Pérez, Javier
name: Barboni, Doris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Phytoliths
Open Science

description: This presentation was given as a keynote talk at the 13th International Meeting on Phytolith Research in Israel, 3-7 Sep. 2023. It introduces what open science is, why we should adopt these practices and the benefits of practising open science. It then goes on to describe the work of the International Committee on Open Phytolith Science.
ExpFinder: An Ensemble Expert Finding Model Integrating $N$-gram Vector Space Model and $μ$CO-HITS
Creators: name: Kang, Yong-Bin
name: Du, Hung
name: Forkan, Abdur Rahim Mohammad
name: Jayaraman, Prem Prakash
name: Aryani, Amir
name: Sellis, Timos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding an expert plays a crucial role in driving successful collaborations and speeding up high-quality research development and innovations. However, the rapid growth of scientific publications and digital expertise data makes identifying the right experts a challenging problem. Existing approaches for finding experts given a topic can be categorised into information retrieval techniques based on vector space models, document language models, and graph-based models. In this paper, we propose $\textit{ExpFinder}$, a new ensemble model for expert finding, that integrates a novel $N$-gram vector space model, denoted as $n$VSM, and a graph-based model, denoted as $\textit{$μ$CO-HITS}$, that is a proposed variation of the CO-HITS algorithm. The key of $n$VSM is to exploit recent inverse document frequency weighting method for $N$-gram words and $\textit{ExpFinder}$ incorporates $n$VSM into $\textit{$μ$CO-HITS}$ to achieve expert finding. We comprehensively evaluate $\textit{ExpFinder}$ on four different datasets from the academic domains in comparison with six different expert finding models. The evaluation results show that $\textit{ExpFinder}$ is a highly effective model for expert finding, substantially outperforming all the compared models in 19% to 160.2%.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, "for source code on Github, see https://github.com/Yongbinkang/ExpFinder", "Published in Expert Systems with Applications"
Equivariant completions of affine spaces
Creators: name: Arzhantsev, Ivan
name: Zaitseva, Yulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 14R10 (Primary) 13E10, 14M25, 20M32 (Secondary)

description: We survey recent results on open embeddings of the affine space $\mathbb{C}^n$ into a complete algebraic variety $X$ such that the action of the vector group $\mathbb{G}_a^n$ on $\mathbb{C}^n$ by translations extends to an action of $\mathbb{G}_a^n$ on $X$. We begin with Hassett-Tschinkel correspondence describing equivariant embeddings of $\mathbb{C}^n$ into projective spaces and give its generalization for embeddings into projective hypersurfaces. Further sections deal with embeddings into flag varieties and their degenerations, complete toric varieties, and Fano varieties of certain types.
description: 68 pages; a subsection on Euler-symmetric varieties is added
Regression analysis for covariate-adaptive randomization: A robust and efficient inference perspective
Creators: name: Ma, Wei
name: Tu, Fuyi
name: Liu, Hanzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linear regression is arguably the most fundamental statistical model; however, the validity of its use in randomized clinical trials, despite being common practice, has never been crystal clear, particularly when stratified or covariate-adaptive randomization is used. In this paper, we investigate several of the most intuitive and commonly used regression models for estimating and inferring the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials. By allowing the regression model to be arbitrarily misspecified, we demonstrate that all these regression-based estimators robustly estimate the treatment effect, albeit with possibly different efficiency. We also propose consistent non-parametric variance estimators and compare their performances to those of the model-based variance estimators that are readily available in standard statistical software. Based on the results and taking into account both theoretical efficiency and practical feasibility, we make recommendations for the effective use of regression under various scenarios. For equal allocation, it suffices to use the regression adjustment for the stratum covariates and additional baseline covariates, if available, with the usual ordinary-least-squares variance estimator. For unequal allocation, regression with treatment-by-covariate interactions should be used, together with our proposed variance estimators. These recommendations apply to simple and stratified randomization, and minimization, among others. We hope this work helps to clarify and promote the usage of regression in randomized clinical trials.
ЗАПАСЫ ГУМУСА В ПОСЕВАХ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ НА СКЛОНОВЫХ ПОЧВАХ
Creators: name: НЕЖИНСКАЯ Е.Н.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ОЗИМАЯ ПШЕНИЦА
ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИК
БАЛАНС ГУМУСА
ЧЕРНОЗЕМ ОБЫКНОВЕННЫЙ
WINTER WHEAT
PREDECESSOR
THE BALANCE OF HUMUS
CHERNOZEM ORDINARY

description: Процессы образования гумусовых веществ и накопления азота в почве могут усиливаться не только за счет разложения корневых и пожнивных остатков сельскохозяйственных растений, но и органических удобрений. Существенных различий в увеличении содержания гумуса в зависимости от вида органических удобрений не выявлено. Анализ баланса гумуса показывает, что предшественник чистый пар дает большую минерализацию гумуса на 34,5%.The processes of formation of humus substances and nitrogen accumulation in the soil can be enhanced not only by the decomposition of root and crop residues of agricultural plants, but also by organic fertilizers. There were no significant differences in the increase in humus content depending on the type of organic fertilizers. Analysis of the humus balance shows that the precursor pure steam gives a greater mineralization of humus by 34.5%.
On a Rankin-Selberg integral of the L-function for $\widetilde{SL}_2\times GL_2$
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F70

description: We present a Rankin-Selberg integral on the exceptional group $G_2$ which represents the L-function for generic cuspidal representations of $\widetilde{SL}_2\times GL_2$. As an application, we show that certain Fourier-Jacobi type periods on $G_2$ are non-vanishing.
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ И ОЦЕНКА РОДОВОГО СОСТАВА МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ АРКТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Creators: name: ПЛАТОНОВА А.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: АРКТИКА
МИКРООРГАНИЗМЫ
КОЛОНИИ
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ
РОДОВОЙ СОСТАВ
ARCTIC
MICROORGANISMS
COLONIES
IDENTIFICATION
GENERIC COMPOSITION

description: В статье представлены результаты микробиологического исследования проб, отобранных на архипелаге Шпицберген. Определение родовой/видовой принадлежности микроорганизмов осуществлялось с помощью микроскопирования, культурального и масс-спектрометрического методов исследования. При анализе 119 образцов на основании морфологических и тинкториальных свойств микроорганизмов предположительно выделено 24 рода бактерий. С помощью технологии MALDI-TOF/MS выделено 275 штаммов микроорганизмов.The article presents the results of a microbiological study of samples taken in the Svalbard archipelago. Determination of the generic / species belonging of microorganisms was carried out using microscopy, culture and mass spectrometric methods of research. The analysis of 119 samples based on morphological and tinctorial properties of microorganisms presumably identified 24 genera of bacteria. Using MALDI-TOF/MS technology, 275 strains of microorganisms were isolated.
БИОГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДУШНОЙ СРЕДЫ ЖИЛОЙ И ТРАНСПОРТНО-МАГИСТРАЛЬНОЙ ЗОН УФЫ
Creators: name: ПЛАТОНОВА А.М.
name: РАХИМОВА А.А.
name: КУРАМШИНА Н.Г.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕКАЯ ОЦЕНКА
БИОТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ
ЖИЛАЯ ЗОНА
ТРАНСПОРТНО-МАГИСТРАЛЬНАЯ ЗОНА
УФА
GEO-ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
BIO-TESTING
RESIDENTIAL ZONE
TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAY ZONE
UFA

description: Одной из глобальных экологических проблем является загрязнение городской среды. В статье проведена геоэкологическая оценка, методом биотестирования воздушной среды, в городе Уфа. Дана сравнительная оценка загрязнения воздушной среды в жилой и транспортно-магистральной зонах Ленинского района города Уфы. В результате чего выявлено, что наиболее благоприятным местом для проживания является Ленинский район города Уфы.One of the global environmental concerns is urban pollution. The article conducted geoecological assessment was carried out using the method of air bio-testing in Ufa. A comparative assessment of air pollution in residential and transport-main zones of the Leninsky district of Ufa is given. As a result, it was revealed that the most favorable place to live is the Leninsky district of the city of Ufa.
Modulation of Cathodoluminescence Emission by Interference with External Light
Creators: name: Di Giulio, Valerio
name: Kfir, Ofer
name: Ropers, Claus
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous processes triggered in a sample by free electrons are commonly regarded as incoherent, and therefore unable to interfere with external light sources. Here, we challenge this concept by showing through first-principles theory that light and free-electron pulses can interfere when interacting with a nanostructure, giving rise to a modulation in the spectral distribution of the cathodoluminescence light emission that is strongly dependent on the electron wave function. Specifically, for a temporally focused electron, cathodoluminescence can be cancelled upon illumination with a spectrally modulated dimmed laser that is phase-locked relative to the electron density profile. We illustrate this idea with realistic simulations under attainable conditions in currently available ultrafast electron microscopes. We further argue that the interference between excitations produced by light and free electrons opens a new window to manipulate the ultrafast materials response by combining the spectral and temporal selectivity of the light with the atomic resolution of electron beams.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, 87 references
Regularising linear inverse problems under unknown non-Gaussian white noise allowing repeated measurements
Creators: name: Harrach, Bastian
name: Jahn, Tim
name: Potthast, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We deal with the solution of a generic linear inverse problem in the Hilbert space setting. The exact right hand side is unknown and only accessible through discretised measurements corrupted by white noise with unknown arbitrary distribution. The measuring process can be repeated, which allows to reduce and estimate the measurement error through averaging. We show convergence against the true solution of the infinite-dimensional problem for a priori and a posteriori regularisation schemes as the number of measurements and the dimension of the discretisation tend to infinity under natural and easily verifiable conditions for the discretisation.
description: 54 pages, 2 figures
Simultaneously spatial and temporal Higher-Order Total Variations for noise suppression and motion reduction in DCE and IVIM
Creators: name: Fuller, Clifton
name: Renjie He
name: Mohamed, Abdallah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Author copy of publication for personal distribution.
Atomic-Scale Vibrational Mapping and Isotope Identification with Electron Beams
Creators: name: Konečná, Andrea
name: Iyikanat, Fadil
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy currently enable the acquisition of spatially resolved spectral information from a specimen by focusing electron beams down to a sub-Angstrom spot and then analyzing the energy of the inelastically scattered electrons with few-meV energy resolution. This technique has recently been used to experimentally resolve vibrational modes in 2D materials emerging at mid-infrared frequencies. Here, based on first-principles theory, we demonstrate the possibility of identifying single isotope atom impurities in a nanostructure through the trace that they leave in the spectral and spatial characteristics of the vibrational modes. Specifically, we examine a hexagonal boron nitride molecule as an example of application, in which the presence of a single isotope impurity is revealed through dramatic changes in the electron spectra, as well as in the space-, energy-, and momentum-resolved inelastic electron signal. We compare these results with conventional far-field spectroscopy, showing that electron beams offer superior spatial resolution combined with the ability to probe the complete set of vibrational modes, including those that are optically dark. Our study is relevant for the atomic-scale characterization of vibrational modes in novel materials, including a detailed mapping of isotope distributions.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 55 references
(503204) Edward Alexander Harvey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hybridization alters the shape of the genotypic fitness landscape, increasing access to novel fitness peaks during adaptive radiation
Creators: name: Richards, Emilie J.
name: Gould, Katelyn J.
name: Patton, Austin H.
name: Buie, Logan K.
name: Martin, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Estimating the complex relationship between fitness and genotype or phenotype (i.e. the adaptive landscape) is one of the central goals of evolutionary biology. However, adaptive walks connecting genotypes to organismal fitness, speciation, and novel ecological niches are still poorly understood and processes for surmounting fitness valleys remain controversial. One outstanding system for addressing these connections is a recent adaptive radiation of ecologically and morphologically novel pupfishes (a generalist, molluscivore, and scale-eater) endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing of 139 hybrids from two independent field fitness experiments to identify the genomic basis of fitness, estimate genotypic fitness networks, and measure the accessibility of adaptive walks on the fitness landscape. We identified 132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with fitness in field enclosures. Six out of the 13 regions most strongly associated with fitness contained differentially expressed genes and fixed SNPs between trophic specialists; one gene (mettl21e) was also misexpressed in lab-reared hybrids, suggesting a potential intrinsic genetic incompatibility. We then constructed genotypic fitness networks from adaptive alleles and show that scale-eating specialists are the most isolated of the three species on these networks. Intriguingly, introgressed and de novo variants reduced fitness landscape ruggedness as compared to standing variation, increasing the accessibility of genotypic fitness paths from generalist to specialists. Our results suggest that adaptive introgression and de novo mutations alter the shape of the fitness landscape, providing key connections in adaptive walks circumventing fitness valleys and triggering the evolution of novelty during adaptive radiation.
Creatine O'Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance?
Creators: name: Roschel, Hamilton
name: Rawson, Eric S.
name: Candow, Darren G.
name: Roy, Brian D.
name: Roberts, Michael D.
name: Forbes, Scott C.
name: Antonio, Jose
name: Gualano, Bruno
name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: It is well-established that creatine supplementation augments the gains in muscle mass and performance during periods of resistance training. However, whether the timing of creatine ingestion influences these physical and physiological adaptations is unclear. Muscle contractions increase blood flow and possibly creatine transport kinetics which has led some to speculate that creatine in close proximity to resistance training sessions may lead to superior improvements in muscle mass and performance. Furthermore, creatine co-ingested with carbohydrates or a mixture of carbohydrates and protein that alter insulin enhance creatine uptake. The purpose of this narrative review is to (i) discuss the purported mechanisms and variables that possibly justify creatine timing strategies, (ii) to critically evaluate research examining the strategic ingestion of creatine during a resistance training program, and (iii) provide future research directions pertaining to creatine timing.
Reionization after Planck: The Derived Growth of the Cosmic Ionizing Emissivity now matches the Growth of the Galaxy UV Luminosity Density
Creators: name: Bouwens, R. J.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Caruana, J.
name: Holwerda, B.
name: Smit, R.
name: Wilkins, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thomson optical depth tau measurements from Planck provide new insights into the reionization of the universe. In pursuit of model-independent constraints on the properties of the ionising sources, we determine the empirical evolution of the cosmic ionizing emissivity. We use a simple two-parameter model to map out the evolution in the emissivity at z>~6 from the new Planck optical depth tau measurements, from the constraints provided by quasar absorption spectra and from the prevalence of Ly-alpha emission in z~7-8 galaxies. We find the redshift evolution in the emissivity dot{N}_{ion}(z) required by the observations to be d(log Nion)/dz=-0.15(-0.11)(+0.08), largely independent of the assumed clumping factor C_{HII} and entirely independent of the nature of the ionising sources. The trend in dot{N}_{ion}(z) is well-matched by the evolution of the galaxy UV-luminosity density (dlog_{10} rho_UV/dz=-0.11+/-0.04) to a magnitude limit >~-13 mag, suggesting that galaxies are the sources that drive the reionization of the universe. The role of galaxies is further strengthened by the conversion from the UV luminosity density rho_UV to dot(N)_{ion}(z) being possible for physically-plausible values of the escape fraction f_{esc}, the Lyman-continuum photon production efficiency xi_{ion}, and faint-end cut-off $M_{lim}$ to the luminosity function. Quasars/AGN appear to match neither the redshift evolution nor normalization of the ionizing emissivity. Based on the inferred evolution in the ionizing emissivity, we estimate that the z~10 UV-luminosity density is 8(-4)(+15)x lower than at $z~6, consistent with the observations. The present approach of contrasting the inferred evolution of the ionizing emissivity with that of the galaxy UV luminosity density adds to the growing observational evidence that faint, star-forming galaxies drive the reionization of the universe.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, Astrophysical Journal, updated to match version in press, Figure 6 shows the main result of the paper
Personenarchiv Falckner-Birr, Emanuel, Bürgermeister der Stadt Basel
Creators: name: Falkner, Emanuel
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1760
Subjects: Haushalt
Privater Haushalt

description: Enthält: Erbschaftsinventar
description: Firmensitz / Wohnsitz: Riehen
description: Zeitraum des Bestehens / Lebensdaten: 1674-1760
description: Trägermaterial: Papier
description: Archivalienart: Manuskript
description: Geschenk
description: Der Bandfabrikant Emanuel Falckner-Birr (1674-1760) war einer der führenden Basler Politiker seiner Zeit. Er war mit Anna Catharina Birr verheiratet, deren Mutter aus dem Ratsgeschlecht Faesch stammte.
description: Deutsch
description: Zettelkatalog, Detailverzeichnis (gedruckt und als PDF)
description: http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D19212.php [Stand: 13.5.2011]
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 1952 Erschliessungsgrad: Detailliert Hans Schaub Akzession 1
description: Staatsarchiv Basel-Stadt: Emanuel Falkner der Bürgermeister und die Räthe der Stadt Basel (CH StABS PA 79b A 2-2-1 (1) 1)
description: Universitätsbibliothek Basel: Emanuel Falckner, Leichenrede (KiAr G X 58)
Inverse Reinforcement Learning in a Continuous State Space with Formal Guarantees
Creators: name: Dexter, Gregory
name: Bello, Kevin
name: Honorio, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is the problem of finding a reward function which describes observed/known expert behavior. The IRL setting is remarkably useful for automated control, in situations where the reward function is difficult to specify manually or as a means to extract agent preference. In this work, we provide a new IRL algorithm for the continuous state space setting with unknown transition dynamics by modeling the system using a basis of orthonormal functions. Moreover, we provide a proof of correctness and formal guarantees on the sample and time complexity of our algorithm. Finally, we present synthetic experiments to corroborate our theoretical guarantees.
Correlation of the renormalized Hilbert length for convex projective surfaces
Creators: name: Dai, Xian
name: Martone, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D35, 57M50

description: In this paper we focus on dynamical properties of (real) convex projective surfaces. Our main theorem provides an asymptotic formula for the number of free homotopy classes with roughly the same renormalized Hilbert length for two distinct convex real projective structures. The correlation number in this asymptotic formula is characterized in terms of their Manhattan curve. We show that the correlation number is not uniformly bounded away from zero on the space of pairs of hyperbolic surfaces, answering a question of Schwartz and Sharp. In contrast, we provide examples of diverging sequences, defined via cubic rays, along which the correlation number stays larger than a uniform strictly positive constant. In the last section, we extend the correlation theorem to Hitchin representations.
description: 27 pages. improved exposition. Comments welcome
Discretization and antidiscretization of Lorentz norms with no restrictions on weights
Creators: name: Křepela, Martin
name: Mihula, Zdeněk
name: Turčinová, Hana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We improve the discretization technique for weighted Lorentz norms by eliminating all "non-degeneracy" restrictions on the involved weights. We use the new method to provide equivalent estimates on the optimal constant $C$ such that the inequality $$\left( \int_0^L (f^*(t))^{p_2} w(t)\,\mathrm{d}t \right)^\frac 1{p_2} \le C \left( \int_0^L \left( \int_0^t u(s)\,\mathrm{d}s \right)^{-\frac {p_1}α} \left( \int_0^t (f^*(s))^αu(s) \,\mathrm{d}s \right)^\frac {p_1}αv(t) \,\mathrm{d}t \right)^\frac 1{p_1}$$ holds for all relevant measurable functions, where $L\in(0,\infty]$, $α, p_1, p_2 \in (0,\infty)$ and $u$, $v$, $w$ are locally integrable weights, $u$ being strictly positive. It the case of weights that would be otherwise excluded by the restrictions, it is shown that additional limit terms naturally appear in the characterizations of the optimal $C$. A weak analogue for $p_1=\infty$ is also presented.
description: 23 pages
Neutron shielding and activation of the MASTU device and surrounds
Creators: name: Taylor, David
name: Lilley, Steven
name: Turner, Andrew
name: Davis, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant functional upgrade is planned for the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) device, located at Culham in the UK, including the implementation of a notably greater neutral beam injection power. This upgrade will cause the emission of a substantially increased intensity of neutron radiation for a substantially increased amount of time upon operation of the device. Existing shielding and activation precautions are shown to prove insufficient in some regards, and recommendations for improvements are made, including the following areas: shielding doors to MAST shielded facility enclosure (known as "the blockhouse"); north access tunnel; blockhouse roof; west cabling duct. In addition, some specific neutronic dose rate questions are addressed and answered; those discussed here relate to shielding penetrations and dose rate reflected from the air above the device ("skyshine").
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Point Process Modeling of Drug Overdoses with Heterogeneous and Missing Data
Creators: name: Liu, Xueying
name: Carter, Jeremy
name: Ray, Brad
name: Mohler, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Opioid overdose rates have increased in the United States over the past decade and reflect a major public health crisis. Modeling and prediction of drug and opioid hotspots, where a high percentage of events fall in a small percentage of space-time, could help better focus limited social and health services. In this work we present a spatial-temporal point process model for drug overdose clustering. The data input into the model comes from two heterogeneous sources: 1) high volume emergency medical calls for service (EMS) records containing location and time, but no information on the type of non-fatal overdose and 2) fatal overdose toxicology reports from the coroner containing location and high-dimensional information from the toxicology screen on the drugs present at the time of death. We first use non-negative matrix factorization to cluster toxicology reports into drug overdose categories and we then develop an EM algorithm for integrating the two heterogeneous data sets, where the mark corresponding to overdose category is inferred for the EMS data and the high volume EMS data is used to more accurately predict drug overdose death hotspots. We apply the algorithm to drug overdose data from Indianapolis, showing that the point process defined on the integrated data outperforms point processes that use only homogeneous EMS (AUC improvement .72 to .8) or coroner data (AUC improvement .81 to .85).We also investigate the extent to which overdoses are contagious, as a function of the type of overdose, while controlling for exogenous fluctuations in the background rate that might also contribute to clustering. We find that drug and opioid overdose deaths exhibit significant excitation, with branching ratio ranging from .72 to .98.
ВЗАИМОВЛИЯНИЕ НЕГАТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ КИСЛОТНЫХ ОСАДКОВ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ И ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Creators: name: ЧОМАЕВА М.Н.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: СЕРНИСТЫЙ ГАЗ
ЧАСТИЦЫ ПЫЛИ
УГАРНЫЙ ГАЗ
СВИНЕЦ
ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ
ТРАНСПОРТ
ПАРНИКОВЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ
КИСЛОТНЫЙ ТУМАН
ЗАКИСЛЕНИЕ ПОЧВ
ЗАКИСЛЕНИЕ ПРЕСНЫХ ВОДОЕМОВ
ИЗВЕРЖЕНИЯ ВУЛКАНОВ
ФОТОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОКИСЛЕНИЕ
ОКИСЛЕНИЕ КИСЛОРОДОМ
КИСЛОТНЫЙ ДОЖДЬ
ОКСИД АЗОТА
РАЗРУШЕНИЕ ОЗОНОВОГО СЛОЯ
SULFUR DIOXIDE
DUST PARTICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
LEAD
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
ACID FOG
SOIL ACIDIFICATION
FRESH WATER ACIDIFICATION
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION
OXYGEN OXIDATION
ACID RAIN
NITROGEN OXIDE
OZONE LAYER DESTRUCTION

description: В статье кратко отражается актуальность выполненного исследования, его суть и основные результаты (выводы) к которым мы пришли. Дана подробная характеристика и общие сведения о негативном влиянии кислотных осадков на окружающую среду и человека. Рассмотрена и обобщена роль кислотных осадков для окружающей среды и человека. Кислотные осадки являются проблемой, которая в случае ее бесконтрольного развития, может вызвать в результате существенные экономические и социальные проблемы.The article briefly reflects the relevance of the research, its essence and the main results (conclusions) that we have come to. Detailed characteristics and General information about the negative impact of acid precipitation on the environment and humans are given. The role of acid precipitation for the environment and humans is considered and generalized. Acid precipitation is a problem that, if unchecked, can cause significant economic and social problems as a result.
Notiz betreffend Fehler in Lamberts Briefwechsel Bd.3
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1783

description: von Unbekannt
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Französisch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Juli 2016 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Standortverzeichnis
(503207) Frank Silbert
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Band II mit diversen Akten über die Zementlieferungen an die Kraftwerke Oberhasli AG, Innertkirchen
Creators: name: Birstaler Portland-Cementfabrik bei Liesberg
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1922

description: Enthält: Diverses, Zirkulare und Protokolle der Bernischen Kraftwerke und der Kraftwerke Oberhasli
description: Darin: Kollektion von Sitzungsprotokollen usw. über den Verkauf der Cementfabrik Liesberg (1924-1925)
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 2014 ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Sebastian Preher
Job resources and researcher mental health: The ReMO Manifesto
Creators: name: Mijakoski, Dragan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: job resources
mental health
academia
job engagement
job satisfaction

description: This presentation has been presented at the South-East European Network on Workers’ Health (SEENWH) International Webinar, entitled "Mental Health and Work". The event held on 01 June 2023, via the online-zoom platform. The organizers were: University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Department for Environmental Health and Occupational and Sports Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, and Institute of Occupational Health of RN Macedonia, WHO CC; Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Skopje, RN Macedonia. This Webinar was aimed at specialists and residents in occupational medicine from SEENWH and it was attended by more than 90 participants from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, RN Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Türkiye.
Increased Autonomic Reactivity and Mental Health Difficulties in COVID-19 Survivors: Implications for Medical Providers
Creators: name: Leon, Kalie G.
name: Nix, Evan J.
name: Kolacz, Jacek
name: Bhullar, Amal
name: Porges, Stephen W.
name: Bossemeyer Biernacki, Nadia
name: Cuffe, Steven P.
name: Dale, Lourdes P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Because there is a relationship between mental health (MH) and medical adversity and autonomic dysregulation, we hypothesized that individuals infected with COVID-19 would report greater current autonomic reactivity and more MH difficulties (emotional distress, mindfulness difficulties, and posttraumatic stress). We also hypothesized that individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 who are experiencing difficulties related to their prior adversity and those providing medical care to COVID-19 patients would be more negatively impacted due to their increased stress and infection rates. Method US participants (N = 1,638; 61% female; Age M = 46.80) completed online self-report measures of prior adversity, current autonomic reactivity and current MH difficulties, and COVID-19 diagnosis history. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 98) were more likely to be younger and providing medical care to COVID-19 patients. Results Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 reported increased current autonomic reactivity, being more negatively impacted by their prior MH/medical adversities, and currently experiencing more MH difficulties with an increased likelihood of clinically-significant PTSD and depression (p < 0.01 – p < 0.001). Current autonomic reactivity mediated 58.9% to 85.2% of the relationship between prior adversity and current MH difficulties; and COVID-19 diagnosis moderated and enhanced the effect of prior adversity on current autonomic reactivity (p < 0.01). Being a medical provider was associated with increased current autonomic reactivity (p < 0.01), while moderating and enhancing the relationship between current autonomic reactivity and emotional distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p < 0.05). Combining COVID-19 diagnosis with being a medical provider increased likelihood of clinically-significant PTSD and depression (p < 0.01). Conclusion Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, particularly medical providers, have increased current autonomic reactivity that is associated with their prior adversities and current MH difficulties.
Maintenance "23 Things Revisited: Field Guides to Research data Management"
Creators: name: Schoots, Fieke
name: Miedema, Margriet
name: Jetten, Mijke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Data Management
Training

description: Maintenance plan to guarantee sustainable access and updates of the results of the RDA adoption project “23 Things Revisited: Field Guides to Research data Management” by a task group of the National Coordination Point of The Netherlands (LCRDM).
Tunable $\pmφ$, $φ_0$ and $φ_0\pmφ$ Josephson junction
Creators: name: Goldobin, E.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a 0-$π$ dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with asymmetric inductances and critical currents of the two Josephson junctions (JJs). By considering such a dc SQUID as a black box with two terminals, we calculate its effective current-phase relation $I_s(ψ)$ and the Josephson energy $U(ψ)$, where $ψ$ is the Josephson phase across the terminals. We show that there is a domain of parameters where the black box has the properties of a $φ$ JJ with degenerate ground state phases $ψ=\pmφ$. The $φ$ domain is rather large, so one can easily construct a $φ$ JJ experimentally. We derive the current phase relation and show that it can be tuned \emph{in situ} by applying an external magnetic flux resulting in a continuous transition between the systems with static solutions $ψ=\pmφ$, $ψ=φ_0$ ($φ_0 \neq 0,π$) and even $ψ=φ_0\pmφ$. The dependence of $φ_0$ on applied magnetic flux is not $2π$ (one flux quantum) periodic.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev. B (status on June 1st, 2015)