Leptomorphus panorpiformis
Creators: name: Borkent, Christopher J.
name: Wheeler, Terry A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Leptomorphus
Leptomorphus panorpiformis

description: 26. Leptomorphus panorpiformis (Matsumura)   
(Figures 31, 68, 114, 141, 150, 154)  
 Mycomyia panorpiformis Matsumura, 1915: 54.   
 Diomonus esakii Alexander, 1924: 54. (junior synonym, Matile 1977: 146).   
 Mycomya panorpaeformis: Matsumura, 1931: 405 (lapsus).   
 Diomonus panorpiformis: Okada, 1938: 92.   
 Leptomorphus (Diomonus) panorpiformis: Matile, 1977: 146.   
 References: Matsumura 1916: 439–40, Pl. XXIV (English description, habitus); Matile 1977: 146 (subgeneric placement); Zaitzev 1981: 123–4 (re-description, male genitalia figures, far-eastern Russia); Krivosheina et al. 1986: 133–4 (key, male genitalia figure); Matile, 1988: 234 (catalogue); Zaitzev 1999: 170–1 (key, male genitalia figure); Krivosheina & Zaitzev 2008: 611 (larval habitat, larval mandible figure).   
 DIAGNOSIS: The only extant species of Leptomorphus found in the eastern Palaearctic with R 4 present and with apical 4–5 flagellomeres white (remainder dark brown). Males without an apical spine-like process. Male genitalia with aedeagal lobes bifurcate (Fig. 114).   
 DESCRIPTION: Male. (Fig. 31) Head: dark brown to black, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed in anterior view. Antenna with basal flagellomeres dark brown/black, apical 5 flagellomeres white; scape medium to dark brown, with black setae in single apical row extending from dorsum laterally into thick patch covering apicoventral process, basal third and entire medial surface bare, anterobasal patch of setulae present; pedicel brown, with 3–4 large bristles, several setae on apicodorsal margin, none ventrally; flagellomere 1 with tapered base dark brown remainder dark brown; flagellomere 6 1.5X as long as broad. Clypeus dark brown, circular, strongly protruding; bristles on clypeus dark brown, both strong, smaller bristles on entire surface, all directed ventrally, clypeus 1.2X as long as face. Face dark brown; shape a slightly wider than tall triangle, covered with many strong bristles. Frons dark brown; bare, frontal furrow running full distance from dorsal margin towards ventral margin, frontal cleft running to lateral ocellus. Palpus dark brown; segment 1 small but visible below eye, segments increasing in length, segment 5 2X length of segment 4 with even width from base to apex, segment 3 without distinct lateral patch of fine setae. Labellum dark brown. Eye with a number (in ~1/4 of the ommatidial junctions) of long inter-ommatidial setulae scattered on posterior half. Occiput dark brown with appressed, anteriorly directed setae. Ocelli in a straight line, space between ocelli less than diameter of laterals, lateral ocelli 1.5X their own diameter from eye margin, ocellar triangle dark brown. Thorax: Length 2.62mm (2.21–3.03 mm, n = 4). Dark brown. Scutum dark brown/black with blue-green specks; surface of scutum covered with small setae; acrostichal setae absent; dorsocentral setae probably present but not clearly distinguishable from other setae; double row of lateral setae present; patch of setae on scutum at wing base present. Scutellum dark brown; with 10–14 large bristles and many small bristles. Prescutum brown. Mediotergite dark brown with 18–24 bristles on posterolateral corners, absent. Laterotergite brown; anterior margin of laterotergite not reaching katepisternum. Anepimeron brown. Anepisternum dark brown. Katepisternum dark brown. Antepronotum and proepisternum dark brown. Margin of anterior and posterior spiracles brown with brown trichia. Metepisternum dark brown. Anapleural suture straight and clear. Halter with basal 1/3 of stem ivory, apical portion and knob dark brown. Legs: principally dark brown; trochanters white; basal tip of femora white; extreme anteroapical corner dark brown on all femora. Midfemur without apical spine-like process. Tibia with covering of brown macrotrichia, foretibia without comb of short setae along length of anteroventral surface, tibial spurs brown, foretibial spur length 2X apical thickness of foretibia, midtibia with strong, dorsal, bare patch of even thickness for 4/5 of its length, placed centrally, shortest midtibial spur 0.8X length of longest, longest midtibial spur 3X apical thickness of midtibia, shortest hind tibial spur subequal to length of longest, longest hind tibial spur 3.5X apical thickness of hind tibia. Foreleg first tarsomere 1.3X length of foretibia. Wing (Fig. 68): Length 9.7 mm (8.3–10.6 mm, n = 4). Hyaline; apical macula very dark, reaching wing tip though fainter towards tip, extending faintly along posterior wing margin into apex of cell cua 1, cup, a 1, not joining with medial macula; medial macula very dark, extending from Sc to just beyond fork of M 1 and M 2, lighter between apex of CuA, CuP, and A 1. Macrotrichia in all cells. Setae on basal posterior margin of wing (along base of cell a) all the same length. Calypter bare. Vein sc-r present, apical end joining R within its own length before or after origin of Rs. R 4 present. R 5 slightly concave for entire length. M 1 reaching apex before R 5, Apices of M veins reaching wing margin. M 4 -CuA fork arising well before origin of r-m. A 2 faintly present as crease. Abdomen: Tergites all dark brown to black. Tergite 8 smaller than all other abdominal sclerites, with many bristles but tapering to single row medially. Genitalia (Fig. 114): dark brown. Sternite 9 lightly sclerotized, posteriorly directed triangle covering most of the ventral survace, wider than genitalia. Tergite 9 wider than long, triangle-shaped pointing posteriorly with apex rounded with slight medial indentation. Gonocoxite placed apically on T9, tapering to a point on apicolateral margin, medial margin not reaching medial line, bearing gonostylus basally. Gonostylus a single broad-based lobe tapering towards apex and bearing setae, gonocoxite III associated with dorsal margin of gonostylus but not fused to it. Aedeagus 2X length of S9, lateral margin sclerotized, tapering to middle and then with lateral lobe ending in rounded tip with fine serrations, medially tapering to apex, apodemes 1/4 toptal length. Parameres as broad lobes with rounded apex, apodemes ~1/2 length of parameres.   
 Female. As for male, except as follows. Thorax: 2.56 ± 0.57 mm (2.13–3.03 mm, n = 8). Wing: Length 8.9 ± 1.9 mm (7.2–10.2 mm, n = 8). Abdomen: Cercus yellow.   
 Immatures. Pupa similar to L. bifasciatus (T. Saigusa, pers. comm.). Larva described by Krivosheina & Zaitzev (2008). Egg unknown.   
 BIOLOGY: The larvae are known to feed on the spores of wood encrusting and tinder fungi (Krivosheina & Zaitzev 2008). The pupae hang from a line that is attached anteriorly and posteriorly, and are sometimes guarded by adult males, as in L. subcaeruleus (T. Saigusa, pers. comm.).   
 DISTRIBUTION: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu (Okada 1938)) and far eastern Russia (Fig. 141), 30–1400 masl.   
 DISCUSSION: Though Matile (1977) considered Diomonus esakii Alexander to be a synonym of L. panorpiformis, he did not discuss his reasons for the synonymization. I was unable to compare the type of D. esakii (originally at the USNM but now considered lost, F.C. Thompson pers. comm.) to the holotype of L. panorpiformis. However, I agree with his synonymization based on the similarity of Alexander’s (1924) description to the holotype of L. panorpiformis.   
 As discussed below in the phylogeny section, the placement of Leptomorphus species in subgenera (Matile 1977) is not supported by our phylogenetic results. This species is therefore removed from the subgenus Diomonus and placed solely in the genus Leptomorphus.   
 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype: adult male, pinned, labelled “Sapporo; 57; [red label] type/ Matsumura; Sciophila / panorpiformis/ n. sp./ det. Matsumura; [two Japanese characters in red ink on left margin] Mycomyia / panorpiformis/ Mats./ [line of Japanese text]; [folded paper] Mycomya / [line of Japanese text]/ panorpiformis/ Mats.; HOLOTYPE ♂ / Leptomorphus / panorpiformis (Matsumura) / Det. C.J. Borkent 2012” [EIHU].   
 Other material: JAPAN, 12.viii (1♀, OMNH); Hokkaido, Karibu, 22.viii.1966, P. Savolainen. (1♀, MZHF); Honshu, Hyogo Pref., Haga, 4.vi.2003, R. Matsumoto. (1♂, OMNH); Nagano Pref., Matsumoto, 15.vii.1997, R. Matsumoto. (1♀, OMNH); Shinano Noziji, 10.vii.1941, T. Nakatane. (1 specimen of unknown sex (damaged), OMNH); Okayama Pref., Niimi: Nishio, 19.viii.1998, R. Matsumoto. (1♀, LEM); Yamanashi Pref., Hirogawara: Fuefuki, 19.vii.1997, R. Matsumoto. (1♀, OMNH); Kyushu, Fukuoka, Hiko-san Biol. Lab., 10–11.viii.1980, K. Mikkola. (1♀, MZHF); Kumamoto Pref., Kikuchisuigen, 2.vii.1976, Y. Yoshiyasu. (1♂, LEM); Miyazaki Pref, Takakuma, 14.vii.1960, A. Nagatomi. (1 specimen of unknown sex (damaged), OMNH); Oita Pref., Yufu, 21.vi.1997, R. Matsumoto. (1♀, OMNH); Shikoku, Ehime Pref., Ishizuchi Mt N. P., 11–18.viii.1980, S. Peck. (1♂, 1♀, CNC).
description: Published as part of Borkent, Christopher J. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2012, Systematics and Phylogeny of Leptomorphus Curtis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) 3549, pp. 1-117 in Zootaxa 3549 on pages 54-55