cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness effect on ultracold neutron interaction with a wall and implications for computer simulations
Creators: name: Steyerl, A.
name: Malik, S. S.
name: Desai, A. M.
name: Kaufman, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the diffuse scattering and the loss coefficient in ultracold neutron reflection from slightly rough surfaces, report a surprising reduction in loss coefficient due to roughness, and discuss the possibility of transition from quantum treatment to ray optics. The results are used in a computer simulation of neutron storage in a recent neutron lifetime experiment that re-ported a large discrepancy of neutron lifetime with the current particle data value. Our partial re-analysis suggests the possibility of systematic effects that were not included in this publication.
description: 39 pages, 9 figures; additional calculations included
Exactly solvable three-level quantum dissipative systems via bosonisation of fermion gas-impurity models
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Sol H.
name: Jarvis, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between one-dimensional fermion gas-impurity models and quantum dissipative systems, via the method of constructive bosonisation and unitary transformation. Starting from an anisotropic Coqblin-Schrieffer model, a new, exactly solvable, three-level quantum dissipative system is derived as a generalisation of the standard spin-half spin-boson model. The new system has two environmental oscillator baths with ohmic coupling, and admits arbitrary detuning between the three levels. All tunnelling matrix elements are equal, up to one complex phase which is itself a function of the longitudinal and transverse couplings in the integrable limit. Our work underlines the importance of re-examining the detailed structure of fermion-gas impurity models and spin chains, in the light of connections to models for quantum dissipative systems.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical. (Extended discussion section, some references added and some typos corrected)
On the Convex Feasibility Problem
Creators: name: Maruster, Laura
name: Maruster, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The convergence of the projection algorithm for solving the convex feasibility problem for a family of closed convex sets, is in connection with the regularity properties of the family. In the paper [18] are pointed out four cases of such a family depending of the two characteristics: the emptiness and boudedness of the intersection of the family. The case four (the interior of the intersection is empty and the intersection itself is bounded) is unsolved. In this paper we give a (partial) answer for the case four: in the case of two closed convex sets in R3 the regularity property holds.
description: 14 pages, exposed on 5th International Conference "Actualities and Perspectives on Hardware and Software" - APHS2009, Timisoara, Romania
Implications of Winter NAO Flavors on Present and Future European Climate
Creators: name: Rousi, Efi
name: Rust, Henning W.
name: Ulbrich, Uwe
name: Anagnostopoulou, Christina
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: ECHAM5
subject: NAO flavors
subject: North Atlantic Oscillation
subject: Precipitation
subject: Self-Organizing Maps
subject: Temperature
subject: 550

description: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a basic variability mode in the Northern Hemisphere, undergoes changes in its temporal and spatial characteristics, with significant implications on European climate. In this paper, different NAO flavors are distinguished for winter in simulations of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean GCM, using Self-Organizing Maps, a topology preserving clustering algorithm. These flavors refer to various sub-forms of the NAO pattern, reflecting the range of positions occupied by its action centers, the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. After having defined the NAO flavors, composites of winter temperature and precipitation over Europe are created for each one of them. The results reveal significant differences between NAO flavors in terms of their effects on the European climate. Generally, the eastwardly shifted NAO patterns induce a stronger than average influence on European temperatures. In contrast, the effects of NAO flavors on European precipitation anomalies are less coherent, with various areas responding differently. These results confirm that not only the temporal, but also the spatial variability of NAO is important in regulating European climate. © 2020 by the authors.
title: Updating the Linux TAPRIO scheduler in deterministic time
Creators: name: Arnim, Christian Von
name: Gessner, Gernot
name: Jarwitz, Michael
name: Lechler, Armin
name: Riedel, Oliver
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620

description: In flexible production systems with distributed control systems which communicate with each other via a real time network, changes in the requirements for real time communication during operation must not lead to a temporary failure of the deterministic communication. Rather, the changes of the network configuration must become active at exactly predictable times in order to guarantee the functionality of the deterministic communication all the time. This paper shows a realization of how the configuration of a real time network schedule under Linux can be adjusted at predetermined times without interrupting the communication. For this purpose, the real time scheduler TAPRIO is integrated into the library libnl, and the performance of this extension is evaluated in a test case. It is shown that the modification of the network configuration is reliably possible in several successive communication cycles.
Kerr-Bolt Spacetimes and Kerr/CFT Correspondence
Creators: name: Ghezelbash, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the recently proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence in the context of rotating spacetimes with a NUT twist. The Kerr/CFT correspondence states that the near-horizon states of an extremal four (or higher) dimensional black hole could be identified with a certain chiral conformal field theory. The corresponding Virasoro algebra is generated with a class of diffeomorphism which preserves an appropriate boundary condition on the near-horizon geometry. We try to understand the analog of singularities in the context of dual chiral CFT. Explicitly, we use Kerr/CFT correspondence to show that if we initially do not remove the singularities from the spacetimes, in the dual chiral CFT we can detect the presence of singularities in the bulk of spacetime.
description: 11 pages
Fensterlüfter. Literaturstudie, Marktstudie und thermische Simulationen. Schlussbericht
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Caroline
name: Geissler, Achim
name: Huber, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Stadt Zürich, Amt für Hochbauten, Fachstelle Energie- und Gebäudetechnik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wohnbauten
subject: Markstudie
subject: Passive Fensterlüfter
subject: 624 - Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

description: In diesem Projekt geht es um Fensterlüfter ohne Wärmerückgewinnung (WRG) in Wohnungen, in denen eine Querlüftung möglich ist. Das Projekt beinhaltet eine Literaturstudie, eine Marktstudie und thermische Simulationen. Der Bericht fasst die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse zusammen.
Future scenarios for arable agriculture
Creators: name: Vannier, Clémence
name: Cochrane, Thomas
name: Zawar Reza, Peyman
name: Bellamy, Larry
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: Food security, tackling climate change through emissions reduction, and developing alternative proteins in New Zealand are three threads that were explored by the Future Scenarios for Arable Agriculture project, explained in this interactive 'story map' summary.

Increasing wheat production to gain self-sufficiency (scenario 1) was found to require an extra 13-25,000 hectares of wheat. Introducing this wheat production in a dairy system has clear positive impact, producing almost 8 times less CO2-e biogenic emissions and using one-third less water for irrigation than dairy.
Reducing nitrogen and methane emissions (scenario 2) found a herd reduction of 10-15% plus a 30% increase of brassica and grains in animal feed would achieve objectives by 2050. This also reduced emissions from nitrogen over 20%.
Developing a pea and fava bean protein market in NZ (scenario 3) was found to have high environmental gains, with peas and beans requiring half the amount of irrigation water and 5 times less nitrogen to grow than other mainstream crops.

An assessment tool allows anyone to explore scenarios related to a particular crop, the evolution of prices, changes in yields, and the environmental effects of changes in agricultural practices.
The relevance of game theory in its application to decision making in competitive business situations
Creators: name: Ng, Kim Seah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: It is known that in situations where we have to make decisions, and in which the outcomes depend on opponents whose actions we have no control, current quantitative techniques employed are inadequate. These are depicted in the complex competitive environment of today's business world. The technique that proposes to overcome this problem is the methodology of game theory. Game theory is not a new invention but has been introduced to economists and mathematicians with the publication of von Neumann and Morgenstern's book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior". Since then it has remained relatively obscured as a tool for aiding management decision making partly because it has become more mathematical in nature, and, as a result of the vast amounts of computation involved for any reasonable size problem. However, with the advent of the high speed electronic computer the possibility of practical application to large scale business problems is within sight. Efforts are therefore seen to undergo reorientation. The recent development of a competitive decision model at Shell Development Company in California is a step forward in this direction. This thesis examines various aspects of game theory that would appropriately lead to areas of fruitful practical applications. A series of examples were discussed to demonstrate the analytical process of game theory. The features of the model that the Shell research group set up were analyzed and discussed for possible applications to industrial situations. Our general conclusion is that, although the Shell model does indicate to us the sort of results that a game theoretic model could provide and to leave us with a clearer understanding of the problem, it has not answered the question of how we should proceed to use these results.
Edge channels of broken-symmetry quantum Hall states in graphene visualized by atomic force microscopy
Creators: name: Kim, Sungmin
name: Schwenk, Johannes
name: Walkup, Daniel
name: Zeng, Yihang
name: Ghahari, Fereshte
name: Le, Son T.
name: Slot, Marlou R.
name: Berwanger, Julian
name: Blankenship, Steven R.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Giessibl, Franz J.
name: Zhitenev, Nikolai B.
name: Dean, Cory R.
name: Stroscio, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Electronic properties and devices, Imaging techniques, Quantum Hall, Topological matter
subject: 530 Physik

description: The quantum Hall (QH) effect, a topologically non-trivial quantum phase, expanded the concept of topological order in physics bringing into focus the intimate relation between the “bulk” topology and the edge states. The QH effect in graphene is distinguished by its four-fold degenerate zero energy Landau level (zLL), where the symmetry is broken by electron interactions on top of lattice-scale potentials. However, the broken-symmetry edge states have eluded spatial measurements. In this article, we spatially map the quantum Hall broken-symmetry edge states comprising the graphene zLL at integer filling factors of ν=0,±1 across the quantum Hall edge boundary using high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) and show a gapped ground state proceeding from the bulk through to the QH edge boundary. Measurements of the chemical potential resolve the energies of the four-fold degenerate zLL as a function of magnetic field and show the interplay of the moiré superlattice potential of the graphene/boron nitride system and spin/valley symmetry-breaking effects in large magnetic fields.
The tag location problem
Creators: name: Sumner, Jeremy
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis provides an integrated approach to common problems with location estimation for animal tracking. Many existing techniques confound problems of location accuracy with simplistic track representations and under-utilization of available data. Traditional techniques such as speed ltering and time spent maps are illustrated with a software package developed by the author with examples of location estimates from southern elephant seals. This software enables the application and exploration of various techniques that have previously not been available in a single solution. These include ltering, temporal gridding, projection transformation and GIS integration. A novel Bayesian approach is introduced for the more general problems faced by dierent tagging techniques. This approach integrates all sources of data including movement models, environmental data and prior knowledge. This general framework is illustrated by application to satellite tag data and light-measuring tag data. Examples are used to detail the use of movement models with a powerful track representation model, and the application of raw light data for location estimation. Previously under-utilized sources of data are used to inform location estimates. A method for applying light level geo-location within the framework is presented. This approach provides a primary location estimate for each twilight and utilizes all of the available data from archival tags. These model runs result in very large databases of samples from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations and techniques for summarizing these for the variety of analysis outputs are illustrated. This system solves issues of location uncertainty with a full path representation and provides spatial maps of residency for multiple animals. The relation between archival tag data and ocean circulation is used to extend the application of archival tag data for location estimation for diving animals in a manner similar to commonly used SST methods. Diving proles from elephants seals are compared with 4D oceanographic datasets. Older tags are limited by problems with measurement lags for temperature|this problem is addressed with a proxy model for temperature at depth to ocean height. This thesis provides a number of important improvements to the derivation of location from various types of tag data by integrating disparate information sources in a systematic way. Location estimates are produced with inherent quantication of errors. The approach provides the variety of metrics and analysis types required with an extensible software package. These contributions help bridge the divides between various analytic techniques traditionally employed for animal tracking.
Nanopillar diffraction gratings by two-photon lithography
Creators: name: Purtov, J.
name: Rogin, P.
name: Verch, A.
name: Johansen, V.E.
name: Hensel, R.
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Direct laser writing
subject: Nanostructures
subject: Optical pillar gratings
subject: Photonic crystals
subject: Two-photon lithography
subject: 620

description: Two-dimensional photonic structures such as nanostructured pillar gratings are useful for various applications including wave coupling, diffractive optics, and security features. Two-photon lithography facilitates the generation of such nanostructured surfaces with high precision and reproducibility. In this work, we report on nanopillar diffraction gratings fabricated by two-photon lithography with various laser powers close to the polymerization threshold of the photoresist. As a result, defect-free arrays of pillars with diameters down to 184 nm were fabricated. The structure sizes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and compared to theoretical predictions obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. The optical reflectivities of the nanopillar gratings were analyzed by optical microscopy and verified by rigorous coupled-wave simulations. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Performance as a function of ability : Motivation and emotion
Creators: name: Seck, Hong-Chee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In order to understand better the relationship between personal and environmental variables as determinants of performance, the present study investigated relevant literature in the behavioral sciences on motivation, emotion, ability and performance. Maier's performance formula and Vroom's motivation equation were analyzed and re-interpreted, using the concepts of vector and scalar quantities and taking into consideration human limitations. It was demonstrated theoretically that Maier's performance formula does not account for the possibility that performance could decrease when a subject is highly motivated, although Young, McClelland and others have found that this is possible empirically. Emotion was postulated to be the cause of this phenomenon. Based on the theory of emotion as advanced by Leeper, Duffy and Young, and the theory of activation as formulated by Malmo, Hebb, Schlosberg and Lindsley, emotion was postulated as a possible moderator influencing the relationship between motivation and performance. Behavioral efficiency in work performance was assumed to be an inverted U-shaped function of emotion arousal. The motivation variable in the performance formula was based on the cognitive theory of motivation as postulated by Tolman and Lewis and subsequently modified by Vroom and Lawler and Porter. However, the concept of a reciprocating contractual relationship between performance and reward and the concept of a "multiple-discount" for the interactive relationship between valence and expectancy were incorporated into the cognitive theory of motivation. By using qualitative interactive tests and hypothetical values for the variables, the interactive relationship between expectancy and valence in determining motivation was found to be algebraic multiplicative and the interactive relationship among motivation components toward various incentive components were found to be vector additive. Further, the algebraic multiplicative operator was found to be most appropriate to describe the interaction among ability, motivation and behavioral efficiency as determinants of performance. It was concluded that the theoretical formula could be operationalized and that it could help managers to understand better the relationships between behavioral and economic variables so that scarce economic resources could be more efficiently utilized.
title: Book Review: “Our Voices, Our Streets”. American Protests 2001-2011 by Kevin Bubriski
Creators: name: Elcheikh, Zeina
Publisher: name: ZZF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung: Visual History
Year: 2021

description: Protest is a form of expressing one’s opinions. It allows people who share the same view(s) to rightfully assemble with others to voice complaints and ideas. Bubriski’s book, “Our Voices, Our Streets: American Protests 2001-2011”, looks back at that decade through photographs united by common denominators: the lens of the Hasselblad camera and the public stage of the American streets.
Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake
Creators: name: Hermwille, Lukas
name: Siemons, Anne
name: Förster, Hannah
name: Jeffery, Louise
Publisher: name: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Global Stocktake
subject: mitigation
subject: NDCs
subject: Paris Agreement
subject: raising ambition
subject: UNFCCC
subject: 550

description: The Global Stocktake (GST) takes a central role within the architecture of the Paris Agreement, with many hoping that it will become a catalyst for increased mitigation ambition. This paper outlines four governance functions for an ideal GST: pacemaker, ensurer of accountability, driver of ambition and provider of guidance and signal. The GST can set the pace of progress by stimulating and synchronizing policy processes across governance levels. It can ensure accountability of Parties through transparency and public information sharing. Ambition can be enhanced through benchmarks for action and transformative learning. By reiterating and refining the long term visions, it can echo and amplify the guidance and signal provided by the Paris Agreement. The paper further outlines preconditions for the effective performance of these functions. Process-related conditions include: a public appraisal of inputs; a facilitative format that can develop specific recommendations; high-level endorsement to amplify the message and effectively inform national climate policy agendas; and an appropriate schedule, especially with respect to the transparency framework. Underlying information provided by Parties complemented with other (scientific) sources needs to enable benchmark setting for collective climate action, to allow for transparent assessments of the state of emissions and progress of a low-carbon transformation. The information also needs to be politically relevant and concrete enough to trigger enhancement of ambition. We conclude that meeting these conditions would enable an ideal GST and maximize its catalytic effect. Key policy insights The functional argument developed in this article may inspire a purposeful design of the GST as its modalities and procedures are currently being negotiated. The analytical framework provided serves as a benchmark against which to assess the GST's modalities and procedures. Gaps and blind spots in the official GST can and should be addressed by processes external to the climate regime in academia and civil society. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Perspectives In Policing: An Examination of Viewpoints of Twin Cities, Minnesota Law Enforcement Personnel
Creators: name: Brick, Shannon
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Police
subject: Minneapolis
subject: St. Paul
subject: Minnesota
subject: Twin Cities
subject: Policing
subject: George Floyd
subject: Black Lives Matter
subject: BLM
subject: Law Enforcement
subject: Interview

description: This work engages the perspectives of law enforcement personnel and ex-personnel within the Twin Cities, Minnesota metropolitan area. It particularly focuses on their opinions and experiences during and after the social upheaval sparked by George Floyd’s murder on May 25, 2020. Five respondents provided in-depth interviews focusing most on feeling under siege, the challenges in rank and officer accountability, and the critical issues around mental health support in the field. They also talked about a clear increase in anti-cop media. Despite this, however, they all spoke about a “silent majority” of supporters - which seemed to be a critical element to each respondent in their own way. It seemed that if the perceived support in their communities fades, so too could the pride in doing the job. All five also discussed the intense challenges presented by the critical staffing decrease since 2020, seeing all aforementioned existing issues and tensions exacerbated through their staffing shortages and spread-thin workloads. This research will hopefully contribute to an understanding of policing and systemic issues from within, especially in the Twin Cities. With just five participants, this study’s small scope is a way to begin engaging with this community about these complex topics. Ideally, following this research thread will help to address factors that affect individual officers and decrease the amount of people negatively impacted, injured or killed by the police system.
Reflections on an action-oriented workshop: How can more of our professors be Māori and Pasifika?
Creators: name: Funaki, Hine
name: Smith, Avery
name: Appleton, Nayantara
name: Beausoleil, Emily
name: Hall, Meegan
name: Macdonald, Liana
name: Thomas, Amanda
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 160803 Race and Ethnic Relations
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: There is a chronic underrepresentation of Māori and Pacific academics in our university sector in Aotearoa New Zealand. Sitting behind the disparity are a range of practices that support some groups in Aotearoa New Zealand to succeed and move more freely through higher education institutions than others. In response to scholarship highlighting this issue, a collective of students and staff at Te Herenga Waka | Victoria University of Wellington came together to organise an action-oriented workshop to draw attention to ways that universities are governed through power relations. Attention was also paid to mitigating power imbalances in the organisation, format, and delivery of the event, and between attendees, presenters, and event facilitators from dominant and non-dominant ethnic and cultural groups. This reflection piece is not so much a recounting of the event itself but rather an opportunity to share with the wider academic world ways in which the collective attempted to hold our university accountable for failing in their responsibilities to the people on whose ancestral lands they exist.
The empirical validation of House Energy Rating (HER) software for lightweight housing in cool temperate climates
Creators: name: Dewsbury, Mark
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Against a background of a recognised need to reduce Australia's energy consumption and hence greenhouse gas emissions, the Building Code of Australia (BCA), in 2003, introduced its first thermal performance requirements for residential buildings. It mandated a minimum performance rating of 4 Stars for new housing, when assessed by an approved rating method. While the introduction of a 4 Star requirement had a minor impact on construction practices, that of 5 Stars (from 2006) and 6 Stars (from 2010) imposed considerable changes, especially in the use of timber platform floors. The adoption of the prescribed energy efficiency measures in the BCA raised concerns from industry and manufacturing groups, as to the accuracy of AccuRate software used to model the building envelope. This software was developed by the CSIRO and as a result of the thermal performance requirements, had evolved from a design tool to a regulatory tool. Both industry and government recognised the need to validate empirically the National House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) benchmark software ‚ÄövÑv=AccuRate'. The University of Tasmania, in collaboration with Forest and Wood Products Australia, the Australian Government, the CSIRO and industry, constructed three test buildings for the purpose of validating empirically the AccuRate software, in particular for cool temperate climates. The test buildings followed standard residential construction practices and represented the three most common forms of construction: unenclosed-perimeter platform-floored, enclosed-perimeter platform-floored and concrete slab-on-ground floor. An array of environmental measuring equipment was installed to measure actual thermal performance in each of the test cells. A detailed house energy rating simulation was completed and a comparison of the measured and simulated data was undertaken. This research presents the findings of the graphical and statistical analyses of variations between the measured and simulated data from the three test cells. The findings demonstrate that while the AccuRate software modelled energy flows well, discrepancies were measured between the simulated and measured temperatures of the test cells. In particular the analyses identified relationships between the discrepancies in all zones and outside air temperature, wind speed, global solar radiation and diffuse solar radiation, and possibly the ground model. Consequently, these require further investigation and resolution for the ongoing improvement and calibration of the AccuRate software.
D1.5 Cultural tourism and lessons from good practices across case study regions
Creators: name: Pleijte, Marcel
name: Pedroli, Bas
name: van Elburg, Eline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: SPOT
Cultural Tourism
Good practices
case study regions
report
Europeanisation

description: One of the SPOT project tasks was the identification and documentation of examples of good practices in cultural tourism development across case study regions. Cultural tourism is defined as those forms of tourism that focus on increasing the level of acquaintance with the objects, areas, cultural practices, and other cultural expressions experienced during a tourism activity. An inventory of good and bad cultural tourism practices provides transferable proof of relevant knowledge about this, in order to possibly contribute to inspiring, learning and innovating in creating good practices elsewhere. The SPOT project studied shifts in underlying concepts of cultural tourism, Europeanisation, regional development and local engagement. For WP1 and WP2 these are important themes for research. These themes and topics are for this reason in this report strongly related to good practices of cultural tourism. We collected data about good practices across the different case studies and put them together in this summary report. The report is based mainly on notes from a series of online and face-to-face workshops held during February – May 2022 among project partners (WS1, WS2, WS3 and WS4). Each country is referred to by the international notation, but we should note that data were collected about case studies within countries, rather than the country as a whole. For this reason, we have included a table below indicating how country notation is used and to which case study it refers.
Additional file 1 of Prognostic value of cell-free DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from lung cancer patients with brain metastases during radiotherapy
Creators: name: Qiao, Simiao
name: Hao, Yuying
name: Cai, Linbo
name: Duan, Xiaotong
name: Wang, Lijuan
name: Zhou, Aidong
name: Zhu, Xiaoxia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary figures.
Passive network tomography for erroneous networks: A network coding approach
Creators: name: Yao, Hongyi
name: Jaggi, Sidharth
name: Chen, Minghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Passive network tomography uses end-to-end observations of network communication to characterize the network, for instance to estimate the network topology and to localize random or adversarial glitches. Under the setting of linear network coding this work provides a comprehensive study of passive network tomography in the presence of network (random or adversarial) glitches. To be concrete, this work is developed along two directions: 1. Tomographic upper and lower bounds (i.e., the most adverse conditions in each problem setting under which network tomography is possible, and corresponding schemes (computationally efficient, if possible) that achieve this performance) are presented for random linear network coding (RLNC). We consider RLNC designed with common randomness, i.e., the receiver knows the random code-books all nodes. (To justify this, we show an upper bound for the problem of topology estimation in networks using RLNC without common randomness.) In this setting we present the first set of algorithms that characterize the network topology exactly. Our algorithm for topology estimation with random network errors has time complexity that is polynomial in network parameters. For the problem of network error localization given the topology information, we present the first computationally tractable algorithm to localize random errors, and prove it is computationally intractable to localize adversarial errors. 2. New network coding schemes are designed that improve the tomographic performance of RLNC while maintaining the desirable low-complexity, throughput-optimal, distributed linear network coding properties of RLNC. In particular, we design network codes based on Reed-Solomon codes so that a maximal number of adversarial errors can be localized in a computationally efficient manner even without the information of network topology.
description: 40 pages, under submission for IEEE Trans. on Information Theory
MACSJ1423.8+2404: Gravitational Lensing by a Massive, Relaxed Cluster of Galaxies at z=0.54
Creators: name: Limousin, M.
name: Ebeling, H.
name: Ma, C. -J.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Smith, G. P.
name: Richard, J.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Jauzac, M.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Marshall, P.
name: Schrabback, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a gravitational-lensing and optical study of MACS ,J1423.8+2404 (z=0.545, MACS, J1423). Our analysis uses high-resolution images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in the F555W and F814W passbands, ground based imaging in eight optical and near-infrared filters obtained with Subaru and CFHT, as well as extensive spectroscopic data gathered with the Keck telescopes. At optical wavelengths the cluster exhibits no sign of substructure and is dominated by a cD galaxy that is 2.1 magnitudes (K-band) brighter than the second brightest cluster member, suggesting that MACS, J1423 is close to be fully virialized. Analysis of the redshift distribution of 140 cluster members reveals a Gaussian distribution, mildly disturbed by the presence of a loose galaxy group that may be falling into the cluster along the line of sight. Combining strong-lensing constraints from two spectroscopically confirmed multiple-image systems near the cluster core with a weak-lensing measurement of the gravitational shear on larger scales, we derive a parametric mass model for the mass distribution. All constraints can be satisfied by a uni-modal mass distribution centred on the cD galaxy and exhibiting very little substructure. The derived projected mass of M(<65\arcsec [415 kpc])=(4.3\pm0.6)\times 10^{14} M_sun is about 30% higher than the one derived from X-ray analyses assuming spherical symmetry, suggesting a slightly prolate mass distribution consistent with the optical indication of residual line-of-sight structure. The similarity in shape and excellent alignment of the centroids of the total mass, K-band light, and intra-cluster gas distributions add to the picture of a highly evolved system [ABRIDGED]
description: Resubmitted to MNRAS. High resolution available at http://www.dark-cosmology.dk/~marceau/1423mnras.pdf
Bio-energy and CO2 emission reductions: an integrated land-use and energy sector perspective
Creators: name: Bauer, Nico
name: Klein, David
name: Humpenöder, Florian
name: Kriegler, Elmar
name: Luderer, Gunnar
name: Popp, Alexander
name: Strefler, Jessica
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: BECCS
subject: Bioenergy
subject: Climate change mitigation
subject: Integrated assessment modeling
subject: Land-energy nexus
subject: 550

description: Biomass feedstocks can be used to substitute fossil fuels and effectively remove carbon from the atmosphere to offset residual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other sectors. Both features make biomass valuable for climate change mitigation; therefore, CO2 emission mitigation leads to complex and dynamic interactions between the energy and the land-use sector via emission pricing policies and bioenergy markets. Projected bioenergy deployment depends on climate target stringency as well as assumptions about context variables such as technology development, energy and land markets as well as policies. This study investigates the intra- and intersectorial effects on physical quantities and prices by coupling models of the energy (REMIND) and land-use sector (MAgPIE) using an iterative soft-link approach. The model framework is used to investigate variations of a broad set of context variables, including the harmonized variations on bioenergy technologies of the 33rd model comparison study of the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-33) on climate change mitigation and large scale bioenergy deployment. Results indicate that CO2 emission mitigation triggers strong decline of fossil fuel use and rapid growth of bioenergy deployment around midcentury (~ 150 EJ/year) reaching saturation towards end-of-century. Varying context variables leads to diverse changes on mid-century bioenergy markets and carbon pricing. For example, reducing the ability to exploit the carbon value of bioenergy increases bioenergy use to substitute fossil fuels, whereas limitations on bioenergy supply shift bioenergy use to conversion alternatives featuring higher carbon capture rates. Radical variations, like fully excluding all technologies that combine bioenergy use with carbon removal, lead to substantial intersectorial effects by increasing bioenergy demand and increased economic pressure on both sectors. More gradual variations like selective exclusion of advanced bioliquid technologies in the energy sector or changes in diets mostly lead to substantial intrasectorial reallocation effects. The results deepen our understanding of the land-energy nexus, and we discuss the importance of carefully choosing variations in sensitivity analyses to provide a balanced assessment. © 2020, The Author(s).
Lockdown ibuism: Experiences of Indonesian migrant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic in aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Martin-Anatias, N
name: Long, NJ
name: Davies, SG
name: Aikman, PJ
name: Appleton, Nayantara
name: Deckert, A
name: Fehoko, E
name: Holroyd, E
name: Jivraj, N
name: Laws, M
name: Roguski, M
name: Simpson, N
name: Sterling, R
name: Trnka, S
name: Tunufa’i, L
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 169999 Studies in Human Society not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Sociology

description: No description supplied
A mechanism for pair formation in strongly correlated systems
Creators: name: Verhulst, Tobias
name: Naudts, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start from a Hamiltonian describing non-interacting fermions and add bosons to the model, with a Jaynes-Cummings-like interaction between the bosons and fermions. Because of the specific form of the interaction the model can be solved exactly. In the ground state, part of the electrons form bound pairs with opposite momentum and spin. The model also shows a gap in the kinetic energy of the fermions, but not in the spectrum of the full Hamiltonian. This gap is not of a mean-field nature, but is due to the Pauli exclusion principle.
description: 13 pages, corrected some notations and made some clarifications
Instant single-photon Fock state tomography
Creators: name: Huisman, S. R.
name: Jain, Nitin
name: Babichev, S. A.
name: Vewinger, Frank
name: Zhang, A. N.
name: Youn, S. H.
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heralded single photons are prepared at a rate of ~100 kHz via conditional measurements on polarization-nondegenerate biphotons produced in a periodically poled KTP crystal. The single-photon Fock state is characterized using high frequency pulsed optical homodyne tomography with a fidelity of (57.6 +- 0.1)%. The state preparation and detection rates allowed us to perform on-the-fly alignment of the apparatus based on real-time analysis of the quadrature measurement statistics.
O(g) plasma effects in jet quenching
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the bremsstrahlung energy loss of high energy partons moving in the quark-gluon plasma, at weak coupling. We show that the rates for these processes receive large O(g) corrections from classical (nonabelian) plasma physics effects, which are calculated. In the high-energy (deep LPM) regime these corrections can be absorbed in a change of the transverse momentum broadening coefficient $\hat{q}$, which we give to the next-to-leading order. The correction is large even at relatively weak couplings $α_s\sim 0.1$, as is typically found for such effects, signaling difficulties with the perturbative expansion. Our approach is based on an effective "Euclideanization" property of classical physics near the light-cone, which allows an effective theory approach based on dimensional reduction and suggests a new possibility for the nonperturbative lattice study of these effects.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures, typo fixed in equation (3)
Probing scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e+ e- -> t tbar with transversely polarized beams
Creators: name: Groote, S.
name: Liivat, H.
name: Ots, I.
name: Sepp, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In searching for indications of new physics scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e^+ e^- \to t\bar t, we consider the role of transversely polarized initial beams at e^+ e^- colliders. By using a general relativistic spin density matrix formalism for describing the particles spin states, we find analytical expressions for the squared amplitude of the process with t or \bar t polarization measured, including the anomalous coupling contributions. Thanks to the transversely polarized initial beams these contributions are first order anomalous coupling corrections to the Standard Model (SM) contributions. We present and analyse the main features of the SM and anomalous coupling contributions. We show how differences between SM and anomalous coupling contributions provide means to search for anomalous coupling manifestations at future e^+ e^- linear colliders.
description: 28 pages in LaTeX, including 7 encapsulated PostScript figures, published version
Penetration depth and tunneling studies in very thin epitaxial NbN films
Creators: name: Kamlapure, Anand
name: Mondal, Mintu
name: Chand, Madhavi
name: Mishra, Archana
name: Jesudasan, John
name: Bagwe, Vivas
name: Benfatto, L.
name: Tripathi, Vikram
name: Raychaudhuri, Pratap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate evolution of the magnetic penetration depth and superconducting energy gap in epitaxial NbN films using a low frequency mutual inductance technique and tunneling spectroscopy using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) for films grown under optimal growth conditions decreases monotonically from 15.87K to 9.16K as the film thickness is decreased from 50nm to 3nm. With decrease in film thickness delta(0) monotonically decreases, whereas lambda(0) monotonically increases. We observe that Tc, lambda(o) and delta(0) are well described by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory in all films other than the two thinnest ones where we see evidence of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinski (KTB) transition close to Tc.
description: Modified version with extensive analysis of the KTB transition. One new author added
Generalized Rashba spin-orbit coupling for cold atoms
Creators: name: Juzeliunas, Gediminas
name: Ruseckas, Julius
name: Dalibard, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility to generate a new type of spin-orbit coupling for the center of mass motion of cold atoms, using laser beams that resonantly couple N atomic internal ground states to an extra state. After a general analysis of the scheme, we concentrate on the tetrapod setup (N=4) where the atomic state can be described by a three-component spinor, evolving under the action of a Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling for a spin 1 particle. We illustrate a consequence of this coupling by studying the negative refraction of atoms at a potential step, and show that the amplitude of the refracted beam is significantly increased in comparison to the known case of spin 1/2 Rashba coupling. Finally we explore a possible implementation of this tetrapod setup, using stimulated Raman couplings between Zeeman sublevels of the ground state of alkali atoms.
description: 8 figures; corrected typos and figures
Modellierung autonomer Fahrzeuge durch veränderte Verkehrsmittelwahlparameter – Fallbeispiel Karlsruhe-Oststadt
Creators: name: Wilkes, Gabriel
name: Szimba, Eckhard
name: Kagerbauer, Martin
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2021

description: Autonomes Fahren ist eine der zentralen Entwicklungen im Verkehr. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die direkten ökonomischen Auswirkungen des autonomen Fahrens – geringere Nutzerkosten und geringerer Value of Time (VoT) für bestimmte Wegezwecke – als Parameteranpassungen in ein mikroskopisches und gentenbasiertes Verkehrsnachfragemodell des Planungsraums Karlsruhe-Oststadt eingefügt. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass unter der Annahme, dass sich die Nutzerkosten durch die Automatisierung um 3,1% verringern und der VoT um 30% abnimmt, die Anzahl durchgeführter Pkw-Fahrten um ca. 2,5% steigt. Die Ergebnisse werden inhaltlich und methodisch diskutiert. Für die Abbildung komplexerer Eigenschaften und Wirkungen des autonomen Fahrens ist weitergehende Forschung erforderlich, gleichwohl zeigt sich, dass das Modell grundsätzlich zur Bearbeitung der Fragestellung geeignet ist.