cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Open Science in Horizon Europe e la nuova Piattaforma ORE
Creators: name: Castelli, Donatella
name: Lazzeri, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Open Science
Open Research Europe
Horizon Europe

description: Donatella Castelli e Emma Lazzeri, coinvolte in diversi progetti e iniziative per l'Open Science e la realizzazione dello European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), illustrano in un seminario interno all'Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Infromazione "a. Faedo" del CNR, le novità del programma quadro Horizon Europe in materia di Open Science e la nuova piattaforma di pubblicazione Open Research Europe (ORE).
 Il webinar è riservato ai dipendenti ISTI.
Improving Clinical Diagnosis Performance with Automated X-ray Scan Quality Enhancement Algorithms
Creators: name: K, Karthik
name: S, Sowmya Kamath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In clinical diagnosis, diagnostic images that are obtained from the scanning devices serve as preliminary evidence for further investigation in the process of delivering quality healthcare. However, often the medical image may contain fault artifacts, introduced due to noise, blur and faulty equipment. The reason for this may be the low-quality or older scanning devices, the test environment or technicians lack of training etc; however, the net result is that the process of fast and reliable diagnosis is hampered. Resolving these issues automatically can have a significant positive impact in a hospital clinical workflow, where often, there is no other way but to work with faulty/older equipment or inadequately qualified radiology technicians. In this paper, automated image quality improvement approaches for adapted and benchmarked for the task of medical image super-resolution. During experimental evaluation on standard open datasets, the observations showed that certain algorithms perform better and show significant improvement in the diagnostic quality of medical scans, thereby enabling better visualization for human diagnostic purposes.
description: Presented and Accepted in International Conference on Advances in Systems, Control and Computing (AISCC-2020) at Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India, February 27-28, 2020
Area Planning Approach to Rural Development and the Problem of Consistency Between Local and National Planning
Creators: name: Prasad, Kamta
name: Prasad, Kamta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The centralized approach to planning pursued so far in poor countries of Asia and Africa has not succeeded in bringing about widespread change in rural life. The trickle down effect has failed, and with it has come a growing realization of the need to make a direct attack on the problem of rural poverty by initiating action at the local level through an area planning approach whereby plans for the integrated development of small areas would be formulated and implemented by local people (Nyerere; and Government of India, 1978a). This planning from below, or grass roots planning, is expected to result in plans for better utilization of rural resources, through local people having better awareness of their needs and preferences and fuller information on the conditions and possibilities of their areas. The area level planners, having a more intimate knowledge of the interdependence of activities at the micro level, would be in a better position to develop integrated programmes which avoid duplication and produce maximum impact with minimum cost. Moreover, a better implementation of development programmes would be ensured through more realistic planning and greater involvement of local people in plan formulation and implementation (Government of India, 1978b). However, it is not always realized that, in view of the economies of scale which may be present, an overriding concern with decentralized planning, in particular with the objectives of local self-reliance and full utilization of local resources to the neglect of comparative advantage and regional specialization, may tend to offset the beneficial aspects of area planning mentioned above, and, therefore, need not result in an optimal situation. Whether or not it will result in a consistency between local and national plans in an interdependent, multiregional economy is another and a far more important question; for the failure of aggregate supply to match with aggregate demand, or of the structure of production to be in harmony with the composition of national demand is bound to have an unfavourable effect on the pace of development, especially in a public sector dominated economy like India's where supply and demand imbalances tend to provide grounds for slow working of enterprises resulting in delayed execution of projects. However, in the absence of much work on decentralized planning, very little is known on this aspect (Arrow and Hurwicz, Goreux and Manne; Malinvaud; Uzawa; and Westphal). Hence, it is proposed to examine this question in some detail, spell out its implications for rural development, and deal with the manner in which the problem posed here can be resolved. The discussion will be conducted primarily in the light of the institutional characteristics of the Indian economy and against the background of its considerable experience of development. However, the treatment of the subject matter will be made as general as possible.
Towards Realistic Visual Dubbing with Heterogeneous Sources
Creators: name: Xie, Tianyi
name: Liao, Liucheng
name: Bi, Cheng
name: Tang, Benlai
name: Yin, Xiang
name: Yang, Jianfei
name: Wang, Mingjie
name: Yao, Jiali
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Ma, Zejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The task of few-shot visual dubbing focuses on synchronizing the lip movements with arbitrary speech input for any talking head video. Albeit moderate improvements in current approaches, they commonly require high-quality homologous data sources of videos and audios, thus causing the failure to leverage heterogeneous data sufficiently. In practice, it may be intractable to collect the perfect homologous data in some cases, for example, audio-corrupted or picture-blurry videos. To explore this kind of data and support high-fidelity few-shot visual dubbing, in this paper, we novelly propose a simple yet efficient two-stage framework with a higher flexibility of mining heterogeneous data. Specifically, our two-stage paradigm employs facial landmarks as intermediate prior of latent representations and disentangles the lip movements prediction from the core task of realistic talking head generation. By this means, our method makes it possible to independently utilize the training corpus for two-stage sub-networks using more available heterogeneous data easily acquired. Besides, thanks to the disentanglement, our framework allows a further fine-tuning for a given talking head, thereby leading to better speaker-identity preserving in the final synthesized results. Moreover, the proposed method can also transfer appearance features from others to the target speaker. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method in generating highly realistic videos synchronized with the speech over the state-of-the-art.
description: 9 pages (including references), 7 figures, Accepted in ACM Multimedia, 2021
Approaching Reionization: The Evolution of the Lyman Alpha Forest from Redshifts Four to Six
Creators: name: Songaila, Antoinette
name: Cowie, Lennox L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Ly alpha forest properties of a sample of 15 high redshift quasars lying between z = 4.42 and z = 5.75, using high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with ESI on the Keck II 10 m telescope. The distribution of transmissions in the Ly alpha region in this redshift range is shown to be consistent with that found in lambda cold dark matter simulations with a smoothly evolving ionization rate as a function of redshift. The extrapolation of the ionizing flux to z = 6.05 lies a factor of two higher than a 2 sigma upper limit placed by Cen & McDonald (2001) at this redshift, based on the Becker et al. (2001) spectra of the z = 6.28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524. However, the data are also consistent with models in which there is substantial variation of the ionization parameter about the mean value, and in this case, dark gaps such as those seen by Becker et al. become much more likely. We conclude that further data are needed before we can be sure that we have seen the epoch of reionization. We also summarize the damped Ly alpha systems seen in these quasar lines of sight and measure their metallicities and kinematic properties. We argue that the mean DLA metallicity has dropped substantially by z = 5 compared with its value at z < 4.
description: 17 pages, including 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal (May 2002)
The Mg-sigma Relation and the Genesis of Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Worthey, Guy
name: Collobert, Maela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Available data on the magnesium - velocity dispersion (Mg-sigma) relation for \~2000 early-type galaxies is collected and compared. As noted previously, the Mg residuals from a fitted line are roughly Gaussian near the mean but have an asymmetric blue tail, probably from subpopulations of relatively young stars. We define statistics for scatter and asymmetry of scatter in the Mg dimension and find impressive uniformity among data sets. We construct models of galaxy formation built to be as unbiased as possible toward the question of the importance of mergers in the formation of early type galaxies. The observational constraints (Mg-sigma width, asymmetry, and mean Mg strength, plus mean age and width of abundance distribution) are severe enough to eliminate almost all of models. Among the casualties are: models with merger rates proportional to (1+z)^n with n>0, models that assume early formation followed by recent drizzling of new stars, merger-only models where the number of mergers exceeds ~80, merger-only models with less than ~20 mergers, and models with a cold dark matter power spectrum even with biasing included. The most successful models were those with merger probability constant with time, with the number of mergers needed to form the galaxy around 40. These models are characterized by mean light-weighted ages of 7-10 Gyr (consistent with spectroscopic studies), a narrow abundance distribution, and a lookback time behavior nearly indistinguishable from passive evolution of old stellar populations.
description: 37 pages with 17 figures, AASTeX
title: Information or Uncertainty Shocks?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Baumgärtner, Martin
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
ECB
Uncertainty
Structural VAR
High-Frequency Identification

description: This paper shows that uncertainty has an impact on the effectiveness of
monetary policy shocks. As uncertainty increases, so does the risk that a
restrictive forward guidance shock will increase rather than decrease stock
prices. This effect can be seen not only in high-frequency variables, but also in VAR models with external instruments. The results suggest that uncertainty
is an alternative approach to explain the phenomena previously known as
"information shock" and should therefore receive more attention in monetary
policy measures.
Enabling inner creativity to surface: the design of an inclusive handweaving loom to promote self-reliance, autonomy and wellbeing
Creators: name: Recupero, Annamaria
name: Marti, Patrizia
name: Guercio, Simone
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The paper describes the design case of an accessible handweaving loom that allows people with different disabilities, including cognitive and sensorial disabilities, to weave independently, promoting self-expression and stimulating creativity. The project developed through an intense phase of prototyping activities, resulting in the re-design of a handweaving loom enhanced and transformed through rapid prototyping using digital fabrication technology. People with various types of disabilities, their caregivers and weaving experts were engaged in a series of participatory design workshops focused on eliciting requirements and desires and inspiring the design process. Throughout the project and in the attempt to integrate some automation in the weaving process, a number of issues emerged regarding how to balance flexibility and guidance to support the creative process without constraining it. The discussion of the design case offers a contribution on design for accessibility and a concrete case to reflect on the importance of supporting and stimulating self-expression and creativity in people with special needs. The paper concludes with design recommendations to accommodate needs of people with disabilities which range from functional and instrumental needs, to experiential needs including aesthetics, self-expression and creativity which are usually overlooked in accessibility guidelines.
Analysis of bistability at the coupling between waveguide and whispering gallery modes of a nonlinear hemicylinder
Creators: name: Parsamyan, Henrik
name: Sahakyan, Khachik
name: Nerkararyan, Khachatur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical bistability caused by the coupling between modes of the parallel-plate waveguide and a nonlinear hemicylindrical crystal is studied using theoretical and numerical analysis. In such a system a waveguide channel is parallelly coupled to whispering gallery modes of a hemicylindrical microresonator ensuring bistable behaviour at input intensities of the order of a few MW/cm2. The characteristic minimum switching time of the system (around 30 ps) can be controlled by varying the thickness of the metal layer which couples the waveguide and whispering gallery modes. This is conditioned by the change of the quality Q-factor, as well as the coupling coefficient of the resonator. The main advantages of the system are fabrication simplicity, small sizes of the order of 3 microns and the possibility of adjusting the processes by making use of the electro-optical effect.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 equations
Two-Loop Superstrings I, Main Formulas
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Phong, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An unambiguous and slice-independent formula for the two-loop superstring measure on moduli space for even spin structure is constructed from first principles. The construction uses the super-period matrix as moduli invariant under worldsheet supersymmetry. This produces new subtle contributions to the gauge-fixing process, which eliminate all the ambiguities plaguing earlier gauge-fixed formulas. The superstring measure can be computed explicitly and a simple expression in terms of modular forms is obtained. For fixed spin structure, the measure exhibits the expected behavior under degenerations of the surface. The measure allows for a unique modular covariant GSO projection. Under this GSO projection, the cosmological constant, the 1-, 2- and 3- point functions of massless supergravitons all vanish pointwise on moduli space without the appearance of boundary terms. A certain disconnected part of the 4-point function is shown to be given by a convergent, finite integral on moduli space. A general slice-independent formula is given for the two-loop cosmological constant in compactifications with central charge c=15 and N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry in terms of the data of the compactification conformal field theory. In this paper, a summary of the above results is presented with detailed constructions, derivations and proofs to be provided in a series of subsequent publications.
description: 21 pages, no figures, references added, minor typos corrected
Economic Evaluation of Fertilizer Reduction Incentive Programs for Rice Producers
Creators: name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Walker, Timothy W.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Walker, Timothy W.
name: Richardson, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Producers are beginning to be provided the opportunity to participate in incentive programs to reduce application rates of fertilizer. This paper demonstrates three methods of arriving at a recommendation on program participation. Two methods employ commonly used production functions and economic optimization techniques. The economic evaluation of this decision is relatively difficult using these traditional methods. The third technique employs Monte Carlo simulation to include risk analysis in the program participation decision utilizing commonly available software. This method allows a greater level of information to be presented in a more straightforward manner to decision makers.
Hierarchical Character Embeddings: Learning Phonological and Semantic Representations in Languages of Logographic Origin using Recursive Neural Networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Minh
name: Ngo, Gia H.
name: Chen, Nancy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Logographs (Chinese characters) have recursive structures (i.e. hierarchies of sub-units in logographs) that contain phonological and semantic information, as developmental psychology literature suggests that native speakers leverage on the structures to learn how to read. Exploiting these structures could potentially lead to better embeddings that can benefit many downstream tasks. We propose building hierarchical logograph (character) embeddings from logograph recursive structures using treeLSTM, a recursive neural network. Using recursive neural network imposes a prior on the mapping from logographs to embeddings since the network must read in the sub-units in logographs according to the order specified by the recursive structures. Based on human behavior in language learning and reading, we hypothesize that modeling logographs' structures using recursive neural network should be beneficial. To verify this claim, we consider two tasks (1) predicting logographs' Cantonese pronunciation from logographic structures and (2) language modeling. Empirical results show that the proposed hierarchical embeddings outperform baseline approaches. Diagnostic analysis suggests that hierarchical embeddings constructed using treeLSTM is less sensitive to distractors, thus is more robust, especially on complex logographs.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing. Copyright 2019 IEEE
Extracellular Interaction Screening Using CRISPR Activation
Creators: name: Chong, Zheng Shan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: CRISPR
protein-protein interactions
high-throughput screening

description: Extracellular interactions between cell surface receptors are necessary for signaling and adhesion but identifying them remains technically challenging. We describe a cell-based genome-wide approach employing CRISPR activation to identify receptors for a defined ligand. We show receptors for high-affinity antibodies and low-affinity ligands can be unambiguously identified when used in pools or as individual binding probes. We apply this technique to identify ligands for the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors and show that the Nogo myelin-associated inhibitory proteins are ligands for ADGRB1. This method will enable extracellular receptor-ligand identification on a genome-wide scale.
title: Which Green Nudge Helps to Save Energy? Experimental Evidence
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Daskalakis, Maria
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Competition
Real effort experiment
Goals
Social Comparison
Energy-saving

description: Which behavioral interventions are more appropriate to induce energy saving: energy saving goals with or without monetary incentives, environmentally related information, social comparison, or a competition to save energy? We try to answer this question in a comprehensive study. First, we designed energy bills with different behavioral interventions. Second, we evaluated their appropriateness in an empirical survey with 457 participants. Third, we tested behavioral consequences in a “real effort” lab experiment with 550 subjects in 11 treatments and one baseline. Finally, we tested two interventions in a small field experiment with 36 test-households. Our results indicate that monetary incentives to save energy foster the intention to invest effort in energy saving but may backfire if real effort is required. Instead, self-set goals – without monetary incentives – and providing social comparison induced substantial effort in our lab experiment. Extending the social comparison to a competition – without monetary incentives – provided the best results. In our field experiment, however, we find no support that goals and social comparison change every-day behavior in energy consumption. Our study concludes with implications for practical policy design and possible future research.
Quantum Mechanically Derived Biomolecular Force Fields
Creators: name: Allen, Alice
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Force Fields
Molecule Dynamics
DFT
ONETEP
Proteins

description: Molecular mechanics force fields are used to understand and predict a wide range of biological phenomena. However, current biomolecular force fields assume that parameters must be fit to the properties of small molecules and subsequently transferred to model large proteins. Here, we look to challenge this assumption and create a new class of QUantum mechanical BEspoke (QUBE) biomolecular force fields. QUBE is based around the use of atoms-in-molecule electron density partitioning to derive the non-bonded component of the force field. This thesis focusses on the derivation and validation of compatible bonded parameters that enable QUBE to be used in protein modelling. Whilst parametrizing the bond and angle components of the new force fields, the inade- quacy of current parametrization schemes became apparent. This led to the development of a new bond and angle parametrization method that relies on only the quantum mechanical Hessian of a molecule. The new method resulted in the accurate recreation of the normal modes for a set of small molecules, heterocyclic molecules, dipeptides and a large osmium containing complex. The new method had an overall error in the normal mode frequency recreation of 6.3%, which is below that of the popular force field OPLS (7.4%). Torsional parameters were also calculated for our protein force field and the conformational preferences of peptides and proteins were subsequently tested. Comparable accuracy to standard transferable force fields was achieved for simulations of short peptides, and this was demonstrated by the simulations’ J coupling errors, rotamer populations and backbone distributions. The J coupling errors remained at an acceptable level for protein simulations of ubiquitin and GB3, and two of the five proteins tested retained their experimental structure well during the MD simulations. In certain regions, particularly those with no clear secondary structure or a turn, three of the proteins exhibited some deviations from the experimental structure as the simulations progressed. However, given that this is the first generation of our QUBE force field, with future version envisaged, we view the results as promising. Additionally, improvements to the electrostatic potential of system-specific small molecule force fields were investigated. A new method was developed to add off centre point charges. The extra charges led to a reduction in the error of an atom’s electrostatic potential of 65.8%, as well as improvements to the free energy of hydration, for a benchmark set of molecules. ￼The methods and software developed in this thesis have the potential to improve the accuracy and accessibility of force field derivation, particularly for applications in biomolecular modelling.
description: EPSRC
title: 01_1003
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Low-Mass X-ray Binaries 2S 0918-549 and 4U1543-624: Evidence for Neon-Rich Degenerate Donors
Creators: name: Juett, Adrienne
name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution spectroscopy of the neutron-star/low-mass X-ray binaries 2S 0918-549 and 4U 1543-624 with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Reflection Grating Spectrometer onboard XMM-Newton. Previous low-resolution spectra of both sources showed a broad line-like feature at 0.7 keV that was originally attributed to unresolved line emission. We recently showed that this feature could also be due to excess neutral Ne absorption, and this is confirmed by the new high-resolution Chandra spectra. The Chandra spectra are each well fit by an absorbed power-law + blackbody model with a modified Ne/O number ratio of 0.52+/-0.12 for 2S 0918-549 and 1.5+/-0.3 for 4U 1543-624, compared to the interstellar-medium value of 0.18. The XMM spectrum of 2S 0918-549 is best fit by an absorbed power-law model with a Ne/O number ratio of 0.46+/-0.03, consistent with the Chandra result. On the other hand, the XMM spectrum of 4U 1543-624 is softer and less luminous than the Chandra spectrum and has a best-fit Ne/O number ratio of 0.54+/-0.03. The difference between the measured abundances and the expected interstellar ratio, as well as the variation of the column densities of O and Ne in 4U 1543-624, supports the suggestion that there is absorption local to these binaries. We propose that the variations in the O and Ne column densities of 4U 1543-624 are caused by changes in the ionization structure of the local absorbing material. It is important to understand the effect of ionization on the measured absorption columns before the abundance of the local material can be determined. This work supports our earlier suggestion that 2S 0918-549 and 4U 1543-624 are ultracompact binaries with Ne-rich companions.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, major revisions including addition of XMM spectral analysis, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, vol. 599
The Place of Accelerated Production Campaigns in Efforts to Expand Agricultural Output
Creators: name: Welsch, Delane E.
name: Welsch, Delane E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The accelerated production campaign has become popular in recent years as a vehicle for increasing the aggregate output of a particular crop by substantially raising the per hectare yields on enough farms to make an impact on output at the national level. One could almost say that production campaigns have become a "style of development." Masagana 99 is selected as an example of a successful campaign, and those factors which appear to be necessary preconditions are available technology, a credit system, incentive prices, and political support and leadership. Activities that must be set in motion once a decision has been made to initiate a campaign include: organizing for planning, implementation, and control with a structure that goes from the local village to the highest level of government; selecting target areas and concentrating effort in them; training farmers and field technicians, and making the technicians mobile; supplying and coordinating inputs and credit; and publicity. If the preconditions are not in place, resources should be used to establish them rather than on a campaign that is likely to fail. While they require to be backed up by research and extension, accelerated production campaigns are basically promotional activities, and can be incompatible with research and extension organizations. Overshadowing all of these factors is weather, which can make or break a campaign.
Harmonica: A Framework for Semi-automated Design and Implementation of Blockchain Applications
Creators: name: Six, Nicolas
name: Herbaut, Nicolas
name: Salinesi, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing blockchain-based applications is a tedious task. Compared to traditional software engineering, software architects cannot rely on previous experiences or proven practices, often formalized as software patterns. Also, the selection of an adequate blockchain technology is difficult without deep knowledge of the technology. This paper introduces Harmonica, a framework for the design and implementation of a blockchain-based application. This framework is divided in three parts: a decision-making engine to recommend a blockchain technology and blockchain-based software patterns relying on requirements, a configurator to generate code stubs and configuration files, and a knowledge base to support those tools.
Ground-State Cooling of a Single Atom in a High-Bandwidth Cavity
Creators: name: Uruñuela, Eduardo
name: Alt, Wolfgang
name: Keiler, Elvira
name: Meschede, Dieter
name: Pandey, Deepak
name: Pfeifer, Hannes
name: Macha, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on vibrational ground-state cooling of a single neutral atom coupled to a high-bandwidth Fabry-Pérot cavity. The cooling process relies on degenerate Raman sideband transitions driven by dipole trap beams, which confine the atoms in three dimensions. We infer a one-dimensional motional ground state population close to $90~\%$ by means of Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, lifetime measurements of a cavity-coupled atom exceeding 40 s imply three-dimensional cooling of the atomic motion, which makes this resource-efficient technique particularly interesting for cavity experiments with limited optical access.
Revealing Preferences: a neuroeconometric approach to understanding decision-making behaviour
Creators: name: Volkmann, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Revealed Preference Theory
Neuroeconomics
fMRI
Decision-making behaviour

description: Rewards represent probably the most important objects for our life. Rewards are external items that an individual identifies as optimal to satisfy internal needs. Optimal rewards are associated with so-called ‘high reward values’. Reward values are therefore a key determinant of decision-making behaviour, the type of behaviour underlying the evaluation and acquisition of rewards. A key interest in the field of neuroeconomics is how the neuronal representation of reward value underlies this motivational behavioural. Hitherto, research in this area has examined single rewards, mostly in binary choice scenarios. This project aimed to integrate empirical laboratory studies for complex rewards, comprising of multiple components (bundles). We tested if preferences for bundles followed basic notions of revealed preference theory; preferences are only revealed at the time of choice and cannot be predicted by objective properties of a reward. Rather, preferences are subjective and independent of the bundle composition. Results from choice experiments provided empirical evidence for this formal economic theory. We investigated how psychophysically assessed revealed preferences of multi component rewards are represented by graphic ‘indifference curves’, a mathematical illustration of preferences for various bundle offers. Bundles that were equally preferred by the participants lined up on the same two-dimensional indifference curve despite varying bundle composition, thus demonstrating a characteristic trade-off between bundle components. More preferred bundles were represented by higher indifference curves. The shape and curvature varied between participants, emphasising the subjectivity of preferences. Indifference curves therefore demonstrated revealed preferences as being independent to varying bundle compositions. On a neurobiological level the results of a functional brain imaging experiment showed that the OFC represented preferences as defined by empirically obtained indifference curves. Based on the findings we reasoned that the OFC computes an economic value; that is a subjective preference for a reward, independent of its strict physical properties. This allowed us to identify a neural correlate supporting key principles of revealed preference theory. Additionally, results indicated that the vmPFC, dlPFC and ACC use information about preference and process internal states needed to coordinate reward acquisition. This processing of internal states we have likened to a cost-benefit analyses, ascribing these regions to a ‘control’ level of decision-making behaviour that serves to ‘check’ the economic values computed in the OFC. In conclusion, the novel experiments conducted in this study contributed towards developing a mathematically sound, behaviourally relevant, and neurobiologically detailed theory of choice.
description: Wellcome
Additional file 7 of HCK maintains the self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells via CDK6 in AML
Creators: name: Li, Zheng
name: Wang, Fangce
name: Tian, Xiaoxue
name: Long, Jun
name: Ling, Bin
name: Zhang, Wenjun
name: Xu, Jun
name: Liang, Aibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Supplemental Table S1 Human patient samples used. Supplemental Table S2 Primer sequences for RT-PCR.
title: The Impact of Psychological Pressure and Psychological Traits on Performance – Experimental Evidence of Penalties in Handball
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Träger, Lisa
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Our handball penalty field experiment analyses the influence of psychological traits and pres-sure on individual performance in sequential tournaments. We use a short ABBA-sequence with four throws for each subject and observe an average score rate of 60% in our sample of amateur league players. On game level, we find a weak and insignificant first-mover advantage that becomes stronger and significant if we control for psychological traits and pressure. On shot level, we also find no significant first-mover advantage on average. However, confident individuals have a higher scoring rate in the role of player A and less confident individuals in the role of player B. Moreover, ceteris paribus, player A scores more goals than player B under tournament incentives. Whereas self-esteem increases the probability to throw a goal in our experiment, risk-taking reduces it.
Variational Integrator Networks for Physically Structured Embeddings
Creators: name: Saemundsson, Steindor
name: Terenin, Alexander
name: Hofmann, Katja
name: Deisenroth, Marc Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning workable representations of dynamical systems is becoming an increasingly important problem in a number of application areas. By leveraging recent work connecting deep neural networks to systems of differential equations, we propose \emph{variational integrator networks}, a class of neural network architectures designed to preserve the geometric structure of physical systems. This class of network architectures facilitates accurate long-term prediction, interpretability, and data-efficient learning, while still remaining highly flexible and capable of modeling complex behavior. We demonstrate that they can accurately learn dynamical systems from both noisy observations in phase space and from image pixels within which the unknown dynamics are embedded.
MOESM19 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 19: Table S6. Pairwise comparison of site Î±-diversity measured by the Shannon Entropy for bacteria a) and fungi b) using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, FDR corrected. Comparisons are ordered by sampling area (PT13 is the only sample from S. Felice area). Highlighted in bold values below the significance threshold of 0.05 while light gray shade enlight comparisons inside the same area. (DOCX 17 kb)
Rho^0 meson production in the pp ->pppi+pi- reaction at 3.67 GeV/c
Creators: name: Balestra, F.
name: Bedfer, Y.
name: Bertini, R.
name: Bland, L. C.
name: Brenschede, A.
name: Brochard, F.
name: Bussa, M. P.
name: Choi, Seonho
name: Colanton, M. L.
name: Dressler, R.
name: Dzemidzic, M.
name: Faivre, J. -Cl.
name: Ferrero, A.
name: Ferrero, L.
name: Foryciarz, J.
name: Fröhlich, I.
name: Frolov, V.
name: Garfagnini, R.
name: Grasso, A.
name: Heinz, S.
name: Jacobs, W. W.
name: Kühn, W.
name: Maggiora, A.
name: Maggiora, M.
name: Manara, A.
name: Panzieri, D.
name: Pfaff, H. -W.
name: Piragino, G.
name: Popov, A.
name: Ritman, J.
name: Salabura, P.
name: Tchalyshev, V.
name: Tosello, F.
name: Vigdor, S. E.
name: Zosi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Total and differential cross sections for the exclusive reaction pp->pp rho^0 observed via the pi+pi- decay channel have been measured at beam momentum=3.67 GeV/c. The observed total meson production cross section is determined to be 23.4 +- 0.8 +-8 microb and is significantly lower than typical cross sections used in model calculations for heavy ion collisions. The differential cross sections measured indicate a strong anisotropy cos^2(theta^{CM}) in the rho^0 meson production.
description: 3 figures, 11 pages
title: The Demand for Punishment to Promote Cooperation Among Like-Minded People
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Dannenberg, Astrid
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: punishment
Institution formation
Economics
Wirtschaft
public goods game
cooperation
controlled group formation

description: We use an experiment to test the hypothesis that groups consisting of like-minded cooperators are able to cooperate irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free riders, who are unable to cooperate without punishment. We also predict that the difference in the demand for punishment is particularly large when members know about the composition of their group. The experimental results confirm these hypotheses. However, the information about the composition of the group turns out to be even more important than we expected. It helps cooperative groups to avoid wasting resources for an unneeded punishment institution. In uncooperative groups, it helps members to recognize the need for punishment early on and not to follow an uncooperative path that produces a persistently competitive attitude. These findings highlight the role of group composition and information for institution formation and that lessons learned by one group cannot be readily transferred to other groups.
Spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg chain in a longitudinal magnetic field
Creators: name: Rakov, Mykhailo V.
name: Weyrauch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the XXZ Heisenberg model in a longitudinal magnetic field using a tensor renormalization method. Built into the tensor representation of the XXZ model is the U(1) symmetry, which is systematically maintained at each renormalization step. This enables rather large tensor representations. We extract ground state properties as well as the low lying spectrum from the fixed point tensors. With rather moderate numerical effort we achieve a very good accuracy as demonstrated by comparison with Bethe Ansatz calculations. The phase structure of the model can be accurately reproduced just from the largest fixed point tensor elements.
description: 10 pages (9 pages in a journal version), 7 multi-panel figures, 1 table
A Quantum Structure Description of the Liar Paradox
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
name: Broekaert, Jan
name: Smets, Sonja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we propose an approach that models the truth behavior of cognitive entities (i.e. sets of connected propositions) by taking into account in a very explicit way the possible influence of the cognitive person (the one that interacts with the considered cognitive entity). Hereby we specifically apply the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics because of the fact that this formalism allows the description of real contextual influences, i.e. the influence of the measuring apparatus on the physical entity. We concentrated on the typical situation of the liar paradox and have shown that (1) the truth-false state of this liar paradox can be represented by a quantum vector of the non-product type in a finite dimensional complex Hilbert space and the different cognitive interactions by the actions of the corresponding quantum projections, (2) the typical oscillations between false and truth - the paradox -is now quantum dynamically described by a Schrodinger equation. We analyse possible philosophical implications of this result.
description: 10 pages, 0 figures
THE ROLE OF P24 PROTEINS IN THE ER TO GOLGI TRANSPORT OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS
Creators: name: Holm, Julia Elvira Johanna
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: P24 PROTEINS
TMED7
TMED2
TMED10
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS
TLR4
TLR2
TLR3
MICROSCOPY
CRISPR-CAS9
ER
GOLGI
SECRETORY PATHWAY
CO-LOCALISATION
PROXIMITY LIGAND ASSAY
MACROPHAGES
HEK293T CELLS

description: Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in immunity by recognizing conserved structural features of bacterial or viral origin and regulate the initiation of the innate immune response. TLR signaling is subjected to a dynamic and complex regulation that remains poorly understood. Our research suggests that TMED7 (Transmembrane Emp24 Domain-7) and TMED2, which are members of the p24 (TMED) family of small type I transmembrane receptors that operate in the early secretory pathway, are involved in the ER to Golgi transport of TLRs. Protein interaction studies performed in HEK293T cells by Proximity Ligand Assay (PLA) reveal that TMED7 interacts with TLR2 and TLR4, but not with TLR3. In contrast, TMED2 interacts with TLR2, TLR4 and TLR3. Different TLRs were co-expressed with ER-export deficient TMED7 and TMED2 and their cellular localisation observed using confocal microscopy. These data suggest that TMED7 is required for ER-export of TLR4 and TLR2 but not TLR3, while TMED2 is required for the ER-export of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4. Here, evidence is also presented showing that the N-glycosylation state affects the level of ER export of TLR2. Together, these findings suggest that TMED2 and TMED7 associate with some TLRs and cooperates to facilitate their transport from the ER to the Golgi. In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out of TMED2 and TMED10 in HEK293T cells resulted in poor cell viability implying that some members of the p24 family are important for normal cellular functions. To investigate the oligomeric properties of TMED7, recombinant TMED7 ectodomain was produced in HEK293T cells and purified protein was subjected to analysis by Analytical Ultra Centrifugation (AUC). These data suggest that TMED7 ectodomain is predominantly monomeric but higher order associations are possible.
MOESM18 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 18: Table S5. Pairwise comparison of location Î±-diversity measured by the Shannon Entropy for bacteria A) and fungi B) using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, FDR corrected. Highlighted in bold values below the significance threshold of 0.05. (DOCX 14 kb)