Anacampsis rhoifructella Clemens 1861
Creators: name: Harrison, Terry L.
name: Berenbaum, May R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Anacampsis
Anacampsis rhoifructella

description: Anacampsis rhoifructella (Clemens, 1861), redescription
Gelechia rhoifructella Clemens 1861: 163
Diagnosis. In A. rhoifructella (Fig. 1 A), the forewing from base to fascia appears pale brown with a few mediumbrown scales, and the medium-brown spots contrast markedly, whereas in A. consonella (Fig. 2 A), this area of the wing is heavily suffused with medium-brown scales so that it appears darker with the spots less contrasting, as was mentioned by Chambers (1874) in the original description of Gelechia quadrimaculella. This difference, however, is slight and subtle, and it is readily obliterated in specimens with even moderate wear. Sight identification therefore should be based only on comparison of fully scaled specimens with pristine, accurately determined moths of both species. Characters that provide reliable differentiation between the two species include phenology, coloration of the mature larva, and differences in morphology of the vinculum, valva, gnathos and phallus in the male, and in the 8th abdominal tergite, base of ductus bursae and surface texture of corpus bursae in the female (Table 1).
Adult (Fig. 1 A). Head. Vertex, frons, and scaling on haustellum brown; labial palpus brown laterally, pale yellowish brown medially; antenna brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally, flagellum of alternating brown and yellow flagellomeres.
Thorax. Brown dorsally, shining pale brown ventrally; forewing length, 7.2–8.4 mm (n=14). Ground color light brown, with a few darker, medium-brown scales in basal two-thirds of wing; costal margin somewhat contrastingly ochreous; four small blotches of brown, darker than the ground color, two lying on CuP fold at 0.20 and 0.45, two lying anterad of the fold at 0.48 and 0.60; a narrow ochreous fascia at 0.80, expanded into small blotch at costa; at least four small, dark-brown spots on apical margin; fringe nearly concolorous with wing, with five alternating bands of pale and dark; hindwing uniformly brown, slightly darker than forewing; fringe slightly paler than wing, with three alternating bands of pale and dark along outer margin; legs brown laterally, coxae and medial surfaces of free segments pale shining brown; apices of basal four tarsomeres yellowish brown; dorsal margin of hind tibia with brushlike row of long yellow hairlike scales.
Abdomen. Brown dorsally, pale shining brown ventrally. Male genitalia (Fig.5). Valva a straight simple lobe, broadening slightly from base to apex; vinculum asymmetrical, anterior part appearing as a loop in lateral aspect; left margin straight, with broad ventral keel in posterior half; right margin curved laterad at midlength, without ventral keel; a narrow diagonal keel from midlength of right margin to posterior end of left margin; juxta with posterior margin medially emarginate, slightly asymmetrical; gnathos a transverse band with small, pointed medial lobe bearing thornlike subapical projection; phallus narrow with acuminate apex, doubly curved in ventral view (Fig. 5 G). Female genitalia (Fig. 7). Papillae anales membranous, with setae of varying length; posterior apophysis slender, rodlike; anterior apophysis broadly triangular at base, narrowing to become rodlike; posterior margin of tergite 8 narrowest laterally, broadening gradually to widest point at midline; ostium bursae in transverse invagination, indistinct, with dense scales on either side; ductus bursae slender, not enlarged at base; corpus bursae ovate, smooth, sparsely covered with long microtrichia except in area of signum; signum a transverse band with one large and two or more small, thornlike projections on posterior margin; ductus seminalis originating near signum at anterior margin of unspined area of corpus; appendix bursae small, membranous.
Final-instar larva (Fig. 1 B). Length, approximately 11 mm. Color reddish brown; head and prothoracic shield blackish, the latter sometimes with anterior margin yellowish brown; pinacula of most primary setae large, but brown and inconspicuous. Chaetotaxy as shown in Fig. 3.
Pupa (Fig. 4). Length, 8.5 mm; densely covered with short seta-like projections; texture at junctions of abdominal segments IV/V, V/VI, and VI/VII as shown; cremaster with eight hooklike cuticular projections at the caudal extremity.
Larval damage (Fig. 1 C). Leaf of host plant sewn together at lateral margins to form a distinctive pouchlike shelter within which the larva feeds.
Phenology. Univoltine, overwintering as adult. Larvae have been collected in central Illinois from 14 April to 7 May, with adult emergence occurring from 5 May to 24 May. This phenology averages about three weeks earlier than A. consonella.
Food plants. Not known to have been reared from Rhus typhina since Clemens’ (1861) original record. We observed that in no-choice feeding trials, penultimate and ultimate-instar larvae of A. rhoifructella refused overwintered sumac fruits. Apparently monophagous on Viburnum prunifolium in central Illinois. Schaffner (1959) reported rearing A. rhoifructella from Viburnum dentatum Linnaeus in Massachusetts. This certainly seems possible; however, in Illinois, we have not observed either of the Anacampsis species to feed on V. dentatum, even at a site where it occurs in physical contact with V. prunifolium on which Anacampsis larvae of both species are seen to feed. In Canada, A. rhoifructella has been reared from Viburnum lentago Linnaeus in Ontario and from Viburnum sp. in Ontario and Nova Scotia (J.-F. Landry, in litt.). Occasional literature references (e.g., Coquillett 1883) to A. rhoifructella feeding on Populus Linnaeus (Salicaceae) refer to the native Anacampsis innocuella (Zeller) and/or a similar, Palearctic species, Anacampsis populella (Clerck), which has been recorded in North America (Hodges 1983). Both of these Salicaceae-feeding species are highly variable in appearance, and individuals of indistinctly marked phenotypes can somewhat resemble A. rhoifructella, but they usually can be differentiated in that, in A. innocuella and A. populella, the forewing area that is distal to the pale transverse line at 0.75 the length of the wing is partially or entirely darker than the general ground color, whereas in the two Viburnum -feeding species this area is concolorous with or paler than the rest of the wing.
Distribution. Type locality, Pennsylvania; known with certainty from Illinois; also confirmed from Quebec, Nova Scotia and Ontario (J.-F. Landry, in litt.). In published literature, “ Anacampsis rhoifructella ” has been reported from New Jersey (Smith 1910), Massachusetts (Schaffner 1959), New York, Missouri, California (Walsingham 1882), and Texas (Walsingham 1882, Tucker 1911), and from the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Manitoba (Prentice 1965) and Quebec (Handfield et al. 1997). The confusion of this species with the sympatric A. consonella renders it impossible to assess which of the two species is represented in any of these records without evaluation of the relevant specimens (if they have been preserved) on basis of the characters given in the present paper.
Material examined. Pennsylvania: holotype (ANSP type #7345); abdomen, most of right antennal flagellum, and right wings missing; otherwise in good condition; labels: (1) Type Gelechia rhoifructella B. Clemens 7345; (2) Gelechia (Anacampsis) rhoifructella Type! Clemens AB 1902. Texas: syntype of Gelechia consonella (MCZ type # MCZT _2982); abdomen and metathorax missing, otherwise in good condition; labels: (1) “Dallas Tex. Boll”; (2) “Zeller”; (3) “ Gelechia / (Tachyptilia) consonella Z.”; (4) “ Type 2982”; (5) “ Anacampsis rhoifructella Clem = consonella Zel. AB 1902”; (6) “ Anacampsis rhoifructella (Clemens) Det. T. Harrison, 2013 ”; Illinois, reared on Viburnum prunifolium: 7 miles south of Charleston: (2) 20-IV-1991, em. 5/ 12-V-1991; (1) 22-IV-1991, em. 10-V- 1991; (4) 1-V-1993, em. 18/ 19-V-1993; (2) 22-IV-1995, em. 9/ 12-V-1995; (1) 27-IV-2001, em. 11-V-2001; Charleston Lake View Park: (2) 7-V-1995, em. 23/ 24-V-1995; (4) 26-IV-1997, em. 15/ 17-V-1997; 3 miles east of Charleston: (7) 14-IV-2001, em. 7/ 12-V-2001.
description: Published as part of Harrison, Terry L. & Berenbaum, May R., 2014, Anacampsis rhoifructella (Clemens): clarification of its identity and larval biology, and differentiation from a similar species, Anacampsis consonella (Zeller), revised status (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 545-555 in Zootaxa 3794 (4) on pages 547-553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3794.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/226094