cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy Cluster Survey. V. The cluster catalogue
Creators: name: Boehringer, H.
name: Schuecker, P.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Collins, C. A.
name: Voges, W.
name: Cruddace, R. G.
name: Ortiz-Gil, A.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: De Grandi, S.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: MacGillivray, H. T.
name: Neumann, D. M.
name: Schindler, S.
name: Shaver, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the catalogue of the REFLEX Cluster Survey providing information on the X-ray properties, redshifts, and some identification details of the clusters in the REFLEX sample. The catalogue describes a statistically complete X-ray flux-limited sample of 447 galaxy clusters above an X-ray flux of 3 10(-12) erg /s/cm**2 (0.1 to 2.4 keV) in an area of 4.24 ster in the southern sky. The cluster candidates were first selected by their X-ray emission in the ROSAT-All Sky Survey and subsequently spectroscopically identified in the frame of an ESO key programme. In addition to the cluster catalogue we also describe the complete selection criteria as a function of the sky position and the conversion functions used to analyse the X-ray data. These are essential for the precise statistical analysis of the large-scale cluster distribution. This data set is at present the largest, statistically complete X-ray galaxy cluster sample. Together with these data set we also provide for the first time the full three-dimensional selection function. The sample forms the basis of several cosmological studies, one of the most important applications being the assessment of the statistics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the test of cosmological models.
description: 31 pages, 12 Tables and 3 Postscript figures, uses psfig.tex. Astronomy & Astrophysics in press
Medium-band photometric reverberation mapping of AGNs at $0.1 < z < 0.8$. Techniques and sample
Creators: name: Malygin, Eugene
name: Uklein, Roman
name: Shablovinskaya, Elena
name: Perepelitsyn, Aleksander
name: Grokhovskaya, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most popular method of the broad-line region size estimation in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is the reverberation mapping based on measuring the time delay between the continuum flux and the flux in the emission lines. In our work, we apply the method of photometric reverberation mapping in mid-band filters, adapted for observations on the 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope of Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences, for the study of AGN with broad lines in the range of redshifts $0.1 < z < 0.8$. This paper provides a sample of 8 objects, describes the technique of observations and data processing for 2 studied objects to demonstrate the stability of the used method.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to CAOSP as a Special Issue to 12SCSLSA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.04073
KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Can we feed a growing world and sustain the planet?
Creators: name: Foley, Jonathan
name: Foley, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources across the planet. Today, approximately a billion people are chronically malnourished while our agricultural systems are concurrently degrading land, water, biodiversity and climate on a global scale. To meet the world’s future food security and sustainability needs, food production must grow substantially, while at the same time agriculture’s environmental footprint must shrink dramatically. This paper outlines a framework for potential solutions to this dilemma, showing that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion (especially into tropical forests), closing ‘yield gaps’ on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency (especially in terms of water and nutrient use), shifting diets and reducing waste. Together, these strategies could help us double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.
Fermionic Vacuum Energy from a Nielsen-Olesen Vortex
Creators: name: Bordag, M.
name: Drozdov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the vacuum energy of a spinor field in the background of a Nielsen-Olesen vortex. We use the method of representing the vacuum energy in terms of the Jost function on the imaginary momentum axis. Renormalization is carried out using the heat kernel expansion and zeta functional regularization. With this method well convergent sums and integrals emerge which allow for an efficient numerical calculation of the vacuum energy in the given case where the background is not known analytically but only numerically. The vacuum energy is calculated for several choices of the parameters and it turns out to give small corrections to the classical energy.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Impacts of mining on land and water resources
Creators: name: Moran, Chris
name: Moran, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Mining of energy resources and minerals is clearly the running down of a large but finite, and non-renewable, resource. It is important also to recognise the nonrenewable aspects of food production: in particular, net consumption of nutrients and soil as well as the direct and embodied (manufactured capital, for example) energy sources required to convert the soil and water into food (and fibre). The notion that land is being consumed by mining and not by food and fibre production is inaccurate and largely unhelpful if one is to take a whole system view of resource utilisation. Further, the apparent moral high ground of resource utilisation for food as opposed to mining is also questionable. The relative importance of food over shelter and warmth is not clear even at the inner levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This paper gives an overview of demand for energy and minerals, and of potential to supply, to give context for the Australian situation. Some data are presented to examine the hypothesis that Australia’s contribution to global development is jeopardised by resource utilisation for supplying energy and minerals as opposed to food (and fibre). The paper concludes by proposing that the current battle between mining and agriculture in Australia includes a significant emotional component. This is based on the romantic vision of ploughed and green fields tenderly stewarded by salt-ofthe- earth folk, in contrast to images of earth rent asunder by the ravages of mining under the assault of savages.
Helping farmers innovate to harvest more from less
Creators: name: Nicholls, Trevor
name: Nicholls, Trevor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: By 2050, we face the challenge of feeding 50% more people within the finite and diminishing resources on the planet. Significant investment is going into the development of new crop varieties that will offer higher yields, greater pest resistance or better tolerance of adverse conditions. There is also a vigorous debate about the potential to extend available farmland and increase the global area under cultivation. These developments can be only part of the solution. Agriculture will face increasing competition for scarce water and land resources as society seeks to balance its needs and desires for more food with demands for increasingly scarce (and hence lucrative) mineral resources, space for urbanisation, protection of ecosystems and protection of biodiversity. Simply expanding agricultural capacity will not be sufficient. We must lose less of what we already grow and use existing inputs more efficiently if we are to meet the challenge of achieving global food security. On average, 40% of the crops grown worldwide are lost to pests and diseases before they reach the consumer, on top of which is wastage during processing, spoilage at retailers and over-purchasing by consumers. This paper considers how innovations in pest management, water usage, fertiliser technology and soil health improvement can help us feed more people. To be effective, new technologies or techniques must be communicated to and adopted by farming communities around the world for innovation and uptake to take place. In the face of a chronic shortage of funding, skills and resources to support extension systems worldwide, this paper also looks at how new approaches and technologies can be used to get relevant actionable information to rural smallholders.
Introducing microeconomic foundation in DEA: the average-based approach
Creators: name: Vitor Miguel Ribeiro
name: Varum, Celeste
name: Daniel, Ana Dias
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Although recent developments focused on the multi-stage and multilevel data envelopment analysis (DEA) exhibit a high degree of mathematical sophistication, they are also characterized by the absence of a microeconomic foundation. This study proposes a novel approach called average-based DEA, which is conceived to overcome such a concern through the application of the Spence distortion principle to the hierarchy of a system. Theoretical and empirical results demonstrate that the proposed methodology reduces the distortion of efficiency scores observed in alternative multilevel extensions.
Figures S1 - S5 from Predator specific responses and emergent multi-predator effects on oviposition site choice in gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis
Creators: name: Resetarits, William J.
name: Bohenek, Jason R.
name: Pintar, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Figure S1. Photo of one block (5)(top) and a tank (bottom).; Figure S2. a) Cumulative number of eggs for the 7 treatments and controls across the entire experiment. Control values were adjusted for the additional replicates. b). Cumulative number of eggs for the 5 avoided treatments.; Figure S3. Regression of total number of H. chrysoscelis eggs per patch on total fish mass per patch. This is typical of oviposition and colonization responses to fish, which are typically threshold responses to species identity rather than linear biomass-dependent responses. Masses were taken at the conclusion of the experiment on 8 December, after 209 days of growth, whereas ~95% of oviposition was completed by 8 August, by which time fish had had only 87 days of growth. Biomass would have been much less variable among treatments during the period of oviposition. Though body sizes diverged by the end of the experiment, initial sizes were matched among species, but N. crysoleucus and No. phaeus have larger terminal body sizes and F. chrysotus was much closer to its maximum size at the outset.; Figure S4. Regression of total number of H. chrysoscelis eggs per patch on total number of insects per patch. Symbols/colors as in Figure S1, cyan triangles = controls. There was no relationship between the two variables, and also no correlation within the fishless controls (r = 0.422, p = 0.224, n=10), which had the highest mean insect abundances and covered the greatest range of insect abundances. None of the major subgroups of insects showed any relationship with the number of eggs per patch, with the exception of hemipterans, which had a weak, marginally non-significant positive relationship (r = 0.25, p = 0.098, n=45) with the number of eggs, driven largely by shared preference for control and No. phaeus treatments: all beetles (r = 0.024, p = 0.8746, n=45), hydrophilid beetles (r = 0.168, p = 0.27, n=45), dytiscid beetles (r = 0.23, p = 0.1278, n=45).; Figure S5. Untransformed treatment means (± 1 SE) and p-values for one tailed Dunnett's procedure (with Dunnett-Hsu correction) comparing each treatment to the control for abundance of all insects, illustrating absolute and relative abundance of the 3 dominant taxonomic groups. N=total abundance. Treatment codes: Fundulus chrysotus (FC), Notemigonus crysoleucas (NC), Noturus phaeus (NP), F. chrysotus x N. phaeus (FCxNP), N. crysoleucas x F. chrysotus (NCxFC), N. crysoleucas x N. phaeus NCxNP, X3 (all three predators). (from Resetarits et al. In press).
Large Breakdowns of Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction
Creators: name: Akers, Chris
name: Leichenauer, Stefan
name: Levine, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the bulk region reconstructable from a given boundary subregion --- which we term the reconstruction wedge --- can be much smaller than the entanglement wedge even when backreaction is small. We find arbitrarily large separations between the reconstruction and entanglement wedges in near-vacuum states for regions close to an entanglement phase transition, and for more general regions in states with large energy (but very low energy density). Our examples also illustrate situations for which the quantum extremal surface is macroscopically different from the Ryu-Takayanagi surface.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Top-Down Fragmentation of a Warm Dark Matter Filament
Creators: name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Gibson, Brad
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high-resolution n-body simulations of the fragmentation of dark matter filaments. Such fragmentation occurs in top-down scenarios of structure formation, when the dark matter is warm instead of cold. In a previous paper (Knebe et al. 2002, hereafter Paper I), we showed that WDM differs from the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) mainly in the formation history and large-scale distribution of low-mass haloes, which form later and tend to be more clustered in WDM than in CDM universes, tracing more closely the filamentary structures of the cosmic web. Therefore, we focus our computational effort in this paper on one particular filament extracted from a WDM cosmological simulation and compare in detail its evolution to that of the same CDM filament. We find that the mass distribution of the halos forming via fragmentation within the filament is broadly peaked around a Jeans mass of a few 10^9 Msun, corresponding to a gravitational instability of smooth regions with an overdensity contrast around 10 at these redshifts. Our results confirm that WDM filaments fragment and form gravitationally bound haloes in a top-down fashion, whereas CDM filaments are built bottom-up, thus demonstrating the impact of the nature of the dark matter on dwarf galaxy properties.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, replaced with MNRAS accepted version (minor revisions)
The slumbering giant: land and water degradation
Creators: name: Noble, Andrew
name: Noble, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: International Development
Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Who feeds the world? Two billion small-scale farmers who in addition to feeding themselves also produce surpluses for local markets — these are the food producers for a global population. Domestic markets along with the food consumed by the producers’ families constitute more than 70% of the world’s food consumption and are often overlooked in the food security debate. The importance of these producers to overall global food security is not in dispute, but can these farming systems continue to perform at current or improved levels, considering the influence of human-induced land and water degradation and associated effects on ecosystem services? Soil erosion, depletion of nutrients and soil organic matter, salinisation and surface and groundwater pollution are challenges that have confronted agricultural and urban communities for decades, and still do. Land degradation associated with inappropriate and unsustainable land use practices is estimated to affect 5–10 Mha annually; 34 Mha of global irrigated areas is affected by salinisation; it is estimated that 25% of global freshwater storage capacity will be lost in the next 25–50 years unless measures are taken to control sedimentation in reservoirs; approximately 2 Mt of waste is dumped into rivers, lakes and wetlands each day; and it is estimated that there are now 12,000 km3 of polluted water on the planet, a volume greater than the contents of the world’s ten biggest river basins. This litany of land and water degradation issues represents a diminished ability of ecosystems or landscapes to support functions and services required to sustain livelihoods. Small-scale farmers, the engine of global food supply, are the mainstay of most developing country rural economies and often occupy marginal and vulnerable lands. It makes sound economic sense to address this ‘slumbering giant’ of degradation through increased conservation investments in land and water resources within this sector. Whilst technologies, technology packages and management practices have been developed that demonstrate the practicalities of addressing these resource degradation issues, adoption at scale has been disappointing. Government institutions and development and research organisations are tasked with sustainably securing future food supplies. Their central challenge is to develop greater insights into constraints inhibiting adoption of productivity-enhancing and conserving interventions, and to identify the driving factors and relevant levers to address these constraints. Time may not be on our side in addressing land and water degradation, central to one of the nine thresholds that define ‘a safe operating space for humanity’.
Assessment of the potential of SiPM-based systems for bioluminescence detection
Creators: name: Lomazzi, S.
name: Caccia, M.
name: Distasi, C.
name: Dionisi, M.
name: Lim, D.
name: Martemiyanov, A.
name: Nardo, L.
name: Ruffinatti, F. A.
name: Santoro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bioluminescence detection requires single-photon sensitivity, extremely low detection limits and wide dynamic range. Such performances were traditionally assured by photomultiplier-tubes based systems. However, development of novel applications and industrialisation call for the introduction of more robust, compact and scalable devices. Silicon photomultipliers were recently put forward as the alternative to phototubes for a new generation of flexible and user friendly instruments. In this article, the figures of merit of a silicon-photomultiplier based system relying on a compact, low cost system are investigated. Possible implementations are proposed and a proof-of-principle bioluminescence measurement is performed.
Fiorinia coronata Williams and Watson
Creators: name: Suh, Soo-Jung
name: Bombay, Khanxay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Fiorinia
Fiorinia coronata

description: 17. Fiorinia coronata Williams and Watson (Fig. 4)
 Material examined. Laos: Attapue, Samakkeexay, 9 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), 19-vi-2015, PS; Vientiane Capital, Chanthabouly, 4 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 27-iv-2015, SS. Thailand: Nong Kahi, 1 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), 7-i-2015, SG.
description: Published as part of Suh, Soo-Jung & Bombay, Khanxay, 2015, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia, pp. 1-10 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (448) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5182705
Additional file 1 of Genomic survey of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, a major pest of the honey bee Apis mellifera
Creators: name: R Scott Cornman
name: Schatz, Michael C
name: J Spencer Johnston
name: Chen, Yan-Ping
name: Pettis, Jeff
name: Hunt, Greg
name: Lanie Bourgeois
name: Elsik, Chris
name: Anderson, Denis
name: Grozinger, Christina M
name: Evans, Jay D
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1:Annotation statistics for filtered high G+C contigs. Annotation statistics derived from the BLAST2GO annotation tool [34]. A. Distribution of BLASTX hits (E ≤ 10-10) by organism. Note that the "Others" category is typically the most abundant in this type of analysis because of the wide taxonomic distributions of many conserved proteins. B. Distribution of BLASTX hits by sequence similarity score. C. Distribution of BLASTX hits by expectation. (PDF 2 MB)
CO bands in V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object): the 12C/13C ratio
Creators: name: Pavlenko, Ya. V.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Evans, A.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Eyres, S. P. S.
name: Tyne, V. H.
name: Yakovina, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our analysis of a high resolution (R ~ 30000) infrared spectrum of V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object) around the first overtone CO bands, obtained in 1998 July. The 12CO and 13CO bands are well-resolved, and we compute synthetic hydrogen-deficient model atmosphere spectra to determine the 12C/13C ratio. We find 12C/13C ~ 4 +/-1, consistent with the interpretation of V4334 Sgr as an object that has undergone a very late thermal pulse.
description: 5 pages, 7 figs, accepted by AAL
Forest lands: More than just trees
Creators: name: Padoch, Christine
name: Padoch, Christine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Land Economics/Use

description: Global rates of deforestation and forest degradation continue at persistently high levels, although annual net rates of forest loss have slowed to approximately 8 Mha as the extent of planted forests increases. Drivers of deforestation vary geographically. Conversion to both large- and small-scale agriculture remains dominant, and conversion to plantations, mining and infrastructure development is important in some regions. Forests, however, continue to be important to the livelihoods of millions of people, poor and rich, men and women, rural and urban. They provide a broad range of products that often escape the attention of decision makers, and an even broader range of services that are both poorly understood and commonly ignored. The direct contribution of forests to livelihoods varies widely with region, community, gender, ethnicity and management system. Research done by CIFOR with 50 research partners in over 8000 households living in and around forests in 25 developing countries shows that forest-derived income constitutes about 20% of their total household income, while income from the environment more generally — both forest and nonforest — makes up more than 25%. Globally, the most important part of that income comes from the sale of fuelwood, with timber sales second. The direct contribution of forests to diets is also considerable and often crucial, but largely hidden from urban and official eyes. Forest foods add not only calories but also necessary protein and micronutrients to the diets of rural people. The importance of forests’ direct contribution to diets and incomes may be eclipsed by their inputs to human well-being outside forests. Focusing on food, much more needs to be understood about the environmental services that forests provide to various types of agriculture, including the regulation of water flow and quality, mitigation of climatic extremes, provision of pollination services and germplasm for crop improvement, maintenance of nutrient cycling and soil fertility, control of agricultural pests and diseases, and other essential functions. These services are critical to the maintenance of most agricultural systems, including the most modern agribusinesses, but are seldom valued until they are lost. Knowledge of how forests can be managed to simultaneously optimise production of foods and environmental services is also little understood and thus little valued. Without proper attention to these issues, the importance of forests to human well-being will continue to be undervalued, ignored, and diminished, increasingly irreparably.
Optical and photoelectrical studies on anisotropic metal-insulator transition of RuAs
Creators: name: Nakajima, Yuki
name: Mita, Zenjiro
name: Watanabe, Hiroshi
name: Ohtsubo, Yoshiyuki
name: Ito, Takahiro
name: Kotegawa, Hisashi
name: Sugawara, Hitoshi
name: Tou, Hideki
name: Kimura, Shin-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anisotropic changes in the electronic structure of a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) material, RuAs, with two-step phase transition are reported by using polarized optical conductivity [$σ(ω)$] spectra, angle-integrated photoelectron (PE) spectra, and band calculations based on local density approximation (LDA). Both the PE and $σ(ω)$ spectra not only in the high-temperature (HT) phase but also in the low-temperature (LT) phase as well as the energy gap formation owing to the MIT were almost consistent with those derived from the LDA band calculations, so the fundamental electronic structure in the HT and LT phases can be explained without electron correlations. However, the electronic structure in the middle phase between the HT and LT phases has not been clarified. The polarized $σ(ω)$ spectra revealed not only the anisotropic energy gap formation but also the anisotropic gap-opening temperature, i.e., the energy gap along the $c$ axis in the HT phase starts to open near the higher transition temperature, but that along the $b$ axis opens below the lower transition temperature. The finding suggests that the two-step MIT originates from the anisotropic energy gap formation.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin 1925
Creators: name: Suh, Soo-Jung
name: Bombay, Khanxay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Lepidosaphes
Lepidosaphes chinensis

description: 20. Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin
 Material examined. Laos: Vientiane Capital, Sikhottabong, 3 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 27-iv-2015, SS and PS; same data, except 3 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), SS; Vientiane Province, Nalao, 2 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 28-iv-2015, SS. Thailand: Khon Kaen, 2 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 6-i-2015, SG.
description: Published as part of Suh, Soo-Jung & Bombay, Khanxay, 2015, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia, pp. 1-10 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (448) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5182705
KEYNOTE ADDRESS: The scramble for natural resources: How can science help?
Creators: name: Rijsberman, Frank
name: Rijsberman, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
International Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Humanity is facing its greatest challenge. To produce 70% more food by 2050 without destroying the environment means doing much more with less. Partly due to the abundant food and record-low food prices achieved by the Green Revolution, overseas development assistance for agriculture dropped from over $20 billion in the 1980s to as little as $3 billion in 2006. Stagnation in the yields of major crops such as rice, wheat and maize followed, and the status quo finally crumbled with the food prices and price spikes of 2008, 2010 and 2011. Today large segments of the global population are threatened by the depletion or degradation of natural resources. Making a bad situation worse, climate change further threatens agriculture by increasing the risk of droughts and floods, affecting temperatures and crop growing seasons and altering the distribution of pests and diseases. Agriculture holds enormous potential to reduce poverty in the developing world, strengthen the sustainability of our global food system, and rebuild and revitalise fragile communities so they can move from dependency to self-sufficiency. A holistic approach is now needed to take scientific innovations and move them along the chain into farmers’ hands and people’s stomachs. No one organisation can achieve that alone. This paper highlights how science has helped in the past, and outlines what it is going to take to boost agriculture in the future. Science is and always will be the backbone of CGIAR work, but now CGIAR is geared up for ‘science plus’. CGIAR is aggregating resources and disciplines as it works side by side with partners to reduce rural poverty, improve food security, nutrition and health while sustainably managing natural resources.
Closing the yield gap through integrated soil fertility management
Creators: name: Sanginga, Nteranya
name: Sanginga, Nteranya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: African agriculture stands at a crossroads. Either food security in Africa will remain elusive with isolated successes fuelling a sense of false optimism in an otherwise dismal situation, or decisive action can be taken to assist small-scale farmers to grow more and more valuable crops. Excellent progress is being made in crop improvement and seed systems, and many crop diseases, particularly viruses and fungal leaf pathogens, no longer pose a major problem. Low soil fertility and nutrient depletion continue, however, to represent huge obstacles to securing needed harvests. Improving access to fertilisers is a necessary countermeasure; however, the low returns from unskilled use of these products present a major impediment to their adoption by most small-scale farmers. Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) is defined as: the application of soil fertility management practices, and the knowledge to adapt these to local conditions, which optimise fertiliser and organic resource-use efficiency and crop productivity. ISFM represents a means to overcome this dilemma by offering farmers better returns for investment in fertiliser through its combination with indigenous agro-minerals and available organic resources. Disseminating knowledge of ISFM and developing incentives for its adoption now stand as challenges before national planners and rural development specialists. Done efficiently, these will result in more productive and sustainable agriculture, improved household and regional food security and increased incomes among small-scale farmers.
Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green 1925
Creators: name: Suh, Soo-Jung
name: Bombay, Khanxay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Lepidosaphes
Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa

description: 21. Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green
 Material examined. Laos: Attapue, Samakkeexay, 3 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), 19-vi-2015, PS; Vientiane Capital, 3 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 27-iv-2015, SS; same data, except 2 ♀, 1-v-2015; Vientiane Province, Viengkham, 2 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 28-iv-2015, SS; same locality, 3 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), 28-iv-2015, PS. Thailand: Khon Kaen, 5 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 6-i-2015, SG.
description: Published as part of Suh, Soo-Jung & Bombay, Khanxay, 2015, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia, pp. 1-10 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (448) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5182705
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, Calendar Year 1990: Supplementary Tables
Creators: name: Fant, Mary L.
name: Fant, Mary L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural trade
subject: exports
subject: imports
subject: trade statistics
subject: farm product exports

description: This report presents statistical summaries of U.S. foreign trade in I agricultural products by country during calendar years 1989 and 1990. Exports and imports valued at more than $1 million are shown. U.S. Bureau of the Census Harmonized System (HS) listings are grouped in standardized economic classes or commodity groups. On January 1, 1989, the United States joined other countries in adopting a new export and import commodity classification system based on the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS).
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States Fiscal Year 1991 Supplement
Creators: name: Warden, Thomas
name: Warden, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Imports
subject: Exports
subject: Global markets

description: This statistical reference summarizes current and historical data on U.S. foreign trade in agricultural Products .. Tables highlight commodity and country information, including values, quantities, principal markets for agricultural exports, and import sources.
Economics of Ocean Culture of Giant Clams: Internal Rate of Return Analysis for Tridacna gigas
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Tacconi, L.
name: Barker, J.R.
name: Lucas, J.S.
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Tacconi, L.
name: Barker, J.R.
name: Lucas, J.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Production Economics

description: Estimates the internal rate of return on costs of investment in a ‘standard’ giant clam farm involved in the ocean phase of giant clam mariculture as a function of the period of ocean growout of Tridacna gigas using Australian data obtained from trials at Orpheus Island Marine Research Station. The standard ocean 'farm is assumed each year to place 100,000 seed clams of approximately one year of age. The optimal length of time to hold them is estimated to be 10 years when they are sold for their meat at $5 per kg at the farm gate. This yields an estimated internal rate of return of 19.5% and maximises the net present value or capitalised value of the farm. The method used to estimate the optimal rotation or harvest cycle for giant clams is similar to that used in the forestry economics literature for determining forest rotation cycles.
Supplemental Data for Xenometabolomics Manuscript
Creators: name: Piccolo, Brian
name: Mercer, Kelly E.
name: Yeruva, Laxmi
name: Pack, Lindsay
name: Graham, James L.
name: Kimber L Stanhope
name: Sree V. Chintapalli
name: Wankhade, Umesh D.
name: Kartik Shankar
name: Havel, Peter J.
name: Adams, Sean H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110199 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental materials for Xenometabolomics manuscript submission. Includes all relevant data and code required to reproduce all tables and figures in manuscript.
On the distribution of the order and index of g(mod p) over residue classes III
Creators: name: Moree, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N37; 11N69; 11R45

description: For a fixed rational number g and integers a and d the sets N_g(a,d), respectively R_g(a,d), of primes p for which the order, respectively the index of g(mod p) is congruent to a(mod d), are considered. Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), it was shown in part II that these sets have a natural density. Here it is shown that these densities can be expressed as linear combinations of certain constants introduced by Pappalardi. Furthermore it is proved that these densities equal their g-averages for almost all g. It is also shown that if such a density does not equal its g-average then it is close to it. Thus these quantities experience a strong `pull' towards the g-average.
description: 21 pages
Lepidosaphes tokionis
Creators: name: Suh, Soo-Jung
name: Bombay, Khanxay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Lepidosaphes
Lepidosaphes tokionis

description: 22. Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana)
 Material examined. Laos: Champasak, Pakse, 3 ♀, on Ficus (leaf), 17-vi-2015, PS; Vientiane Province, Nalao, 5 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 28-iv-2015, SS. Thailand: Khon Kaen, 3 ♀, on Dracaena (leaf), 6-i-2015, SG.
description: Published as part of Suh, Soo-Jung & Bombay, Khanxay, 2015, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia, pp. 1-10 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (448) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5182705
Biasing and Genus Statistics of Dark Matter Halos in the Hubble Volume Simulation
Creators: name: Hikage, Chiaki
name: Taruya, Atsushi
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical analysis of genus statistics for dark matter halo catalogs from the Hubble volume simulation. The huge box-size of the Hubble volume simulation enables us to carry out a reliable statistical analysis of the biasing properties of halos at a Gaussian smoothing scale of R_G>30Mpc/h with a cluster-mass scale of between 7*10^{13}Msolar/h and 6*10^{15}Msolar/h. A detailed comparison of the genus for dark matter halos with that for the mass distribution shows that the non-Gaussianity induced by the halo biasing is comparable to that by nonlinear gravitational evolution, and both the shape and the amplitude of the genus are almost insensitive to the halo mass at R_G>30Mpc/h. In order to characterize the biasing effect on the genus, we apply a perturbative formula developed by Matsubara (1994). We find that the perturbative formula well describes the simulated halo genus at R_G>50Mpc/h. The result indicates that the biasing effect on the halo genus is well approximated by nonlinear deterministic biasing up to the second-order term in the mass density fluctuation. The two parameters describing the linear and quadratic terms in the nonlinear biasing accurately specify the genus for galaxy clusters.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ (Vol.55, No.2, 2003)
Supergravity with cosmological constant and the AdS group
Creators: name: Salgado, P.
name: del Campo, S.
name: Cataldo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the supersymmetric extension of the Stelle-West formalism permits the construction of an action for $(3+1)$-dimensional N=1 supergravity with cosmological constant genuinely invariant under the $OSp(4/1).$ Since the action is invariant under the supersymmetric extension of the $AdS$ group, the supersymmetry algebra closes off shell without the need for auxiliary fields. The limit case $m\to 0$, i.e.$(3+1)$ -dimensional N=1 supergravity invariant under the Poincaré supergroup is also discussed.
description: 10 pages
The ELODIE survey for northern extra--solar planets I. 6 new extra--solar planet candidates
Creators: name: Perrier, C.
name: Sivan, J. P.
name: Naef, D.
name: Beuzit, J. L.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Udry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise radial-velocity observations at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP, France) with the ELODIE echelle spectrograph have been undertaken since 1994. In addition to several discoveries described elsewhere, including and following that of 51 Peg b, they reveal new sub-stellar companions with essentially moderate to long periods. We report here about such companions orbiting five solar-type stars (HD 8574, HD 23596, HD 33636, HD 50554, HD 106252) and one sub-giant star (HD 190228). The companion of HD 8574 has an intermediate period of 227.55 days and a semi--major axis of 0.77 AU. All other companions have long periods, exceeding 3 years, and consequently their semi-major axes are around or above 2 AU. The detected companions have minimum masses m2sini ranging from slightly more than 2 M_Jup to 10.6 M_Jup. These additional objects reinforce the conclusion that most planetary companions have masses lower than 5 M_Jup but with a tail of the mass distribution going up above 15 M_Jup. The orbits are all eccentric and 4 out of 6 have an eccentricity of the order of 0.5. Four stars exhibit solar metallicity, one is metal-rich and one metal-poor. With 6 new extra-solar planet candidates discovered, increasing their total known to-date number to 115, the ELODIE Planet Search Survey yield is currently 18. We emphasize that 3 out of the 6 companions could in principle be resolved by diffraction-limited imaging on 8m-class telescopes depending on the achievable contrast, and therefore be primary targets for first attempts of extra-solar planet direct imaging.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, appendix A will only appear in the electronic version
SATURN -- Software Deobfuscation Framework Based on LLVM
Creators: name: Garba, Peter
name: Favaro, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The strength of obfuscated software has increased over the recent years. Compiler based obfuscation has become the de facto standard in the industry and recent papers also show that injection of obfuscation techniques is done at the compiler level. In this paper we discuss a generic approach for deobfuscation and recompilation of obfuscated code based on the compiler framework LLVM. We show how binary code can be lifted back into the compiler intermediate language LLVM-IR and explain how we recover the control flow graph of an obfuscated binary function with an iterative control flow graph construction algorithm based on compiler optimizations and SMT solving. Our approach does not make any assumptions about the obfuscated code, but instead uses strong compiler optimizations available in LLVM and Souper Optimizer to simplify away the obfuscation. Our experimental results show that this approach can be effective to weaken or even remove the applied obfuscation techniques like constant unfolding, certain arithmetic-based opaque expressions, dead code insertions, bogus control flow or integer encoding found in public and commercial obfuscators. The recovered LLVM-IR can be further processed by custom deobfuscation passes that are now applied at the same level as the injected obfuscation techniques or recompiled with one of the available LLVM backends. The presented work is implemented in a deobfuscation tool called SATURN.
description: reverse engineering, llvm, code lifting, obfuscation, deobfuscation, static software analysis, binary recompilation, binary rewriting
Diffraction spectrum of lattice gas models above T_c
Creators: name: Baake, Michael
name: Sing, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 52C07, 42B05, 60D05, 82B20

description: The diffraction spectra of lattice gas models on Z^d with finite-range ferromagnetic two-body interaction above T_c or with certain rates of decay of the potential are considered. We show that these diffraction spectra almost surely exist, are Z^d-periodic and consist of a pure point part and an absolutely continuous part with continuous density.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Operator-algebraic construction of the deformed Sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Cadamuro, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the construction of integrable quantum field theories in the operator-algebraic approach, which is based on quantum fields localized in infinitely extended wedge regions. This approach has been successful for the construction of a class of models with scalar $S$-matrices and without bound states. In extension of these results, we apply similar methods to $S$-matrices with poles in the physical strip (``bound states''). Specifically, we consider a deformed version of the Sine-Gordon model, containing only breathers. We exhibit wedge-local fields in this model, which differ from those in non-bound state models by an additive term, the so called ``bound state operator''.
description: as appeared in the proceedings of the XXVI International Conference on Integrable Systems and Quantum symmetries, Prague, 2019; 7 pages
Additional file 7 of Genomic survey of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, a major pest of the honey bee Apis mellifera
Creators: name: R Scott Cornman
name: Schatz, Michael C
name: J Spencer Johnston
name: Chen, Yan-Ping
name: Pettis, Jeff
name: Hunt, Greg
name: Lanie Bourgeois
name: Elsik, Chris
name: Anderson, Denis
name: Grozinger, Christina M
name: Evans, Jay D
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 7:Microsatellite loci used in Varroa destructor polymorphism survey. Table lists contig containing the microsatellite locus, forward and reverse primer sequences, expected product size based on the reference contig, and the 5' start coordinate on the contig for the forward primer. (PDF 12 KB)
Surface states in defect-free polyatomic lattices described by a tight-binding model
Creators: name: Pinto, Ricardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report about a mechanism for surface localization, present in finite defect-free polyatomic lattices described by a tight binding model. Numerical diagonalization and degenerated perturbation theory show that there is a minimum number of atoms within each unit cell in the lattice for which surface states may exist, provided the local energy of the surface atom is different from the rest in the unit cell. It is shown that the appearance of surface states is a second-order effect in the hopping parameter. Other kinds of surface states are identified in the two-dimensional case.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures