cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Growth restriction of an experimental live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 2 vaccine in human ciliated airway epithelium in vitro parallels attenuation in African green monkeys
Creators: name: Schmidt, Alexander C.
name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Scull, Margaret A.
name: Schaap-Nutt, Anne
name: Murphy, Brian R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common causes of severe pediatric respiratory viral disease. We characterized wild-type HPIV2 infection in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE) and found that the virus replicates to high titer, sheds apically, targets ciliated cells, and induces minimal cytopathology. Replication of an experimental, live attenuated HPIV2 vaccine strain, containing both temperature sensitive (ts) and non-ts attenuating mutations, was restricted >30-fold compared to rHPIV2-WT in HAE at 32°C and exhibited little productive replication at 37°C. This restriction paralleled attenuation in the upper and lower respiratory tract of African green monkeys, supporting the HAE model as an appropriate and convenient system for characterizing HPIV2 vaccine candidates.
HPV vaccine acceptability among Kenyan women
Creators: name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
name: Otieno, Walter Agingu
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Smith, Jennifer S.
name: Agot, Kawango
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: As human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines become available in less developed countries, understanding women’s attitudes towards HPV vaccines can help guide approaches to immunization programs. We assessed knowledge and interest in prophylactic HPV vaccines among Kenyan women seeking women’s health services (N=147). They knew little about cervical cancer or HPV vaccine. Most women (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 92%, 99%), however, were willing to have their daughters vaccinated with a vaccine that would prevent cervical cancer, with preference for an inexpensive vaccine requiring fewer doses.
Metaplectic-c Quantomorphisms
Creators: name: Vaughan, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the classical Kostant-Souriau prequantization procedure, the Poisson algebra of a symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ is realized as the space of infinitesimal quantomorphisms of the prequantization circle bundle. Robinson and Rawnsley developed an alternative to the Kostant-Souriau quantization process in which the prequantization circle bundle and metaplectic structure for $(M,ω)$ are replaced by a metaplectic-c prequantization. They proved that metaplectic-c quantization can be applied to a larger class of manifolds than the classical recipe. This paper presents a definition for a metaplectic-c quantomorphism, which is a diffeomorphism of metaplectic-c prequantizations that preserves all of their structures. Since the structure of a metaplectic-c prequantization is more complicated than that of a circle bundle, we find that the definition must include an extra condition that does not have an analogue in the Kostant-Souriau case. We then define an infinitesimal quantomorphism to be a vector field whose flow consists of metaplectic-c quantomorphisms, and prove that the space of infinitesimal metaplectic-c quantomorphisms exhibits all of the same properties that are seen for the infinitesimal quantomorphisms of a prequantization circle bundle. In particular, this space is isomorphic to the Poisson algebra $C^\infty(M)$.
Strong shock in the uniformly expanding medium
Creators: name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of the strong shock in the flat expanding Friedman universe is investigated using methods of dimension and similarity. Exact analytic solution of self-similar equations is obtained, determining dependences of the radius and velocity of the shock wave on time and radius. It is obtained, that in the expanding medium the velocity of shock decreases as $\sim t^{-1/5}$, what is slower than the shock velocity in the static uniform medium $\sim t^{-3/5}$. The radius of the shock wave in the expanding self-gravitating medium increases $\sim t^{4/5}$, more rapidly than the shock wave radius in the uniform non-gravitating medium $\sim t^{2/5}$. So, the shock propagates in the direction of decreasing density with larger speed, that in the static medium, due to accelerating action of the decreasing density, even in the presence of a self-gravitation.
description: 16 pages. Shorter version is published in Gravitation and Cosmology, 2015, vol.21, pp. 236-240
HPV vaccine for adolescent males: Acceptability to parents post-vaccine licensure
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Gottlieb, Sami L.
name: Reiter, Paul L.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We examined mothers' willingness to get their adolescent sons HPV vaccine. In December 2009, 2 months after approval of HPV vaccine for males, we surveyed a national sample of mothers with sons aged 9-18 (n=406). More mothers were definitely or probably willing to get their sons HPV vaccine if the vaccine were free (47%) than if it cost $400 out of pocket (11%). The importance of HPV vaccine possibly protecting their sons' future female partners from HPV-related disease was the strongest correlate of willingness. These findings are important to increasing acceptability to parents of HPV vaccine for their sons.
Analysis of heat kernel highlights the strongly modular and heat-preserving structure of proteins
Creators: name: Livi, Lorenzo
name: Maiorino, Enrico
name: Pinna, Andrea
name: Sadeghian, Alireza
name: Rizzi, Antonello
name: Giuliani, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the structure and dynamical properties of protein contact networks with respect to other biological networks, together with simulated archetypal models acting as probes. We consider both classical topological descriptors, such as the modularity and statistics of the shortest paths, and different interpretations in terms of diffusion provided by the discrete heat kernel, which is elaborated from the normalized graph Laplacians. A principal component analysis shows high discrimination among the network types, either by considering the topological and heat kernel based vector characterizations. Furthermore, a canonical correlation analysis demonstrates the strong agreement among those two characterizations, providing thus an important justification in terms of interpretability for the heat kernel. Finally, and most importantly, the focused analysis of the heat kernel provides a way to yield insights on the fact that proteins have to satisfy specific structural design constraints that the other considered networks do not need to obey. Notably, the heat trace decay of an ensemble of varying-size proteins denotes subdiffusion, a peculiar property of proteins.
Buenas Prácticas en los Procesos Editoriales de Revistas Científicas para LILACS (2021) - Sesión III - "Datos de Investigación"
Creators: name: BIREME/OPS/OMS
name: Aventurier, Pascal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: buenas prácticas
ciencia aberta
LILACS
editores LILACS
revistas LILACS
buenas prácticas editoriales

description: • Sesión 03 | 19 de mayo de 2021 • Tema: Datos de Investigación • Ponente: Pascal Aventurier Más informaciones → https://bit.ly/buenaspracticaslilacs2021
Alphavirus replicon-based adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and effectiveness of Fluzone® in rhesus macaques
Creators: name: Miller, Christopher J.
name: Matzinger, Shannon R.
name: Fritts, Linda
name: McChesney, Michael B.
name: Barro, Mario
name: Johnston, Robert E.
name: Carroll, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) without a transgene (null VRP) have been used to adjuvant effective humoral [1], cellular [2], and mucosal [3] immune responses in mice. To assess the adjuvant activity of null VRP in the context of a licensed inactivated influenza virus vaccine, rhesus monkeys were immunized with Fluzone® alone or Fluzone® mixed with null VRP and then challenged with a human seasonal influenza isolate, A/Memphis/7/2001 (H1N1). Compared to Fluzone® alone, Fluzone®+null VRP immunized animals had stronger influenza-specific CD4+ T cell responses (4.4 fold) with significantly higher levels of virus-specific IFN-γ (7.6 fold) and IL-2 (5.3 fold) producing CD4+ T cells. Fluzone®+null VRP immunized animals also had significantly higher plasma anti-influenza IgG (p<0.0001, 1.3 log) and IgA (p<0.05, 1.2 log) levels. In fact, the mean plasma anti-influenza IgG titers after one Fluzone®+null VRP immunization was 1.2 log greater (p<0.04) than after two immunizations with Fluzone® alone. After virus challenge, only Fluzone®+null VRP immunized monkeys had a significantly lower level of viral replication (p<0.001) relative to the unimmunized control animals. Although little anti-influenza antibody was detected in the respiratory secretions after immunization, strong anamnestic anti-influenza IgG and IgA responses were present in secretions of the Fluzone®+null VRP immunized monkeys immediately after challenge. There were significant inverse correlations between influenza RNA levels in tracheal lavages and plasma anti-influenza HI and IgG anti-influenza antibody titers prior to challenge. These results demonstrate that null VRP dramatically improve both the immunogenicity and protection elicited by a licensed inactivated influenza vaccine.
HelicoVax: Epitope-based therapeutic Helicobacter pylori vaccination in a mouse model
Creators: name: Martin, William
name: Lee, Jinhee
name: Rogers, Arlin B.
name: Kim, Woojin
name: Zhang, Songhua
name: Lee, Dong Soo
name: Moise, Leonard
name: De Groot, Anne S.
name: Moss, Steven F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in humans. Due to the decreasing efficacy of anti-H. pylori antibiotic therapy in clinical practice, there is renewed interest in the development of anti-H. pylori vaccines. In this study an in silico-based approach was utilized to develop a multi-epitope DNA-prime/peptide-boost immunization strategy using informatics tools. The efficacy of this construct was then assessed as a therapeutic vaccine in a mouse model of gastric cancer induced by chronic H. pylori infection. The multi-epitope vaccine administered intranasally induced a broad immune response as determined by interferon-gamma production in ELISpot assays. This was associated with a significant reduction in H. pylori colonization compared with mice immunized with the same vaccine intramuscularly, given an empty plasmid, or given a whole H. pylori lysate intranasally as the immunogen. Total scores of gastric histological changes were not significantly different among the 4 experimental groups. These results suggest that further development of an epitope-based mucosal vaccine may be beneficial in eradicating H. pylori and reducing the burden of the associated gastric diseases in humans.
HPV vaccine and adolescent males
Creators: name: Reiter, Paul L.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Kadis, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In 2009, the United States approved quadrivalent HPV vaccine for males 9–26 years old, but data on vaccine uptake are lacking. We determined HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males, as well as stage of adoption and vaccine acceptability to parents and their sons. A national sample of parents of adolescent males ages 11–17 years (n=547) and their sons (n=421) completed online surveys during August and September 2010. Analyses used multivariate linear regression. Few sons (2%) had received any doses of HPV vaccine, and most parents and sons were unaware the vaccine can be given to males. Parents with unvaccinated sons were moderately willing to get their sons free HPV vaccine (mean=3.37, SD=1.21, possible range 1–5). Parents were more willing to get their sons vaccinated if they perceived higher levels of HPV vaccine effectiveness (β=0.20) or if they anticipated higher regret about their sons not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.32). Vaccine acceptability was also modest among unvaccinated sons (mean=2.98, SD=1.13, possible range 1–5). Sons were more willing to get vaccinated if they perceived higher peer acceptance of HPV vaccine (β=0.39) or anticipated higher regret about not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.22). HPV vaccine uptake was nearly nonexistent a year after permissive national recommendations were first issued for males. Vaccine acceptability was moderate among both parents and sons. Efforts to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent males should consider the important role of peer acceptance and anticipated regret.
Mothers’ support for voluntary provision of HPV vaccine in schools
Creators: name: Kadis, Jessica A.
name: Reiter, Paul L.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
name: Gottlieb, Sami L.
name: Dittus, Patricia J.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Lee, Morgan R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: HPV vaccination rates among adolescents in the United States lag behind some other developed countries, many of which routinely offer the vaccine in schools. We sought to assess mothers’ willingness to have their adolescent daughters receive HPV vaccine at school. A national sample of mothers of adolescent females ages 11–14 completed our internet survey (response rate = 66%). The final sample (n = 496) excluded mothers who did not intend to have their daughters receive HPV vaccine in the next year. Overall, 67% of mothers who intended to vaccinate their daughters or had vaccinated their daughters reported being willing to have their daughters receive HPV vaccine at school. Mothers were more willing to allow their daughters to receive HPV vaccine in schools if they had not yet initiated the vaccine series for their daughters or resided in the Midwest or West (all p < .05). The two concerns about voluntary school-based provision of HPV vaccine that mothers most frequently cited were that their daughters’ doctors should keep track of her shots (64%) and that they wished to be present when their daughters were vaccinated (40%). Our study suggests that most mothers who support adolescent vaccination for HPV find school-based HPV vaccination an acceptable option. Ensuring communication of immunization records with doctors and allowing parents to be present during immunization may increase parental support.
Codimension two marginally trapped submanifolds in Robertson-Walker spaces
Creators: name: Anciaux, Henri
name: Cipriani, Nastassja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53A10, 53C42

description: We give a local characterization of codimension two submanifolds which are marginally trapped in Robertson-Walker spaces, in terms of an algebraic equation to be satisfied by the height function. We prove the existence of a large number of local solutions. We refine the description in the case of curves with null acceleration in three-dimensional spaces Robertson-Walker spaces, and in the case of codimension two submanifolds whose second fundamental form is null
description: 16 pages, Bibliography updated and small corrections
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, NF-Y AND ASH2L,A COMPONENT OF HISTONE METHYL TRANSFERASE, MLL COMPLEX.
Creators: name: FOSSATI, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2011

description: Background. Different histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in the regulation of chromatin, including methylations of H3 at Lysine 4 by the MLL complex. A relevant issue is how this is causally correlated to the binding of specific transcription factors (TFs) in regulatory regions. NF-Y is a TF that regulates 30% of mammalian promoters containing the widespread CCAAT element. We and others established that the presence of H3K4me3 is dependent upon the binding of NF-Y. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of H3K4me3 deposition by NF-Y. Methods. We employed Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in cells in which Ash2L and NF-Y subunits were knocked down by RNAi, to monitor the presence of histones PTMs and components of the MLL complex. We performed gene expression profiling of Ash2L-knocked down cells and analyzed the regulated genes. We performed ChIPs in leukemic cells in which MLL1 is devoid of the methyltransferase domain and fused to the AF4 gene. Results. Knock down of the Ash2L subunit of MLL leads to a decrease in global H3K4me3 with a concomitant increase in H3K79me2. Knock down of NF-Y subunits prevents promoter association of Ash2L, but not MLL1, nor WDR5, and H3K4me3 drops dramatically. Endogenous NF-Y and Ash2L specifically interact in vivo. Analysis of the promoters of Ash2L regulated genes, identified by transcriptional profiling, suggests that a handful TF binding sites are moderately enriched, among which the CCAAT box. Finally, leukemic cells carrying the MLL-AF4 translocation show a decrease of H3K4me3, absence of Ash2L and increase in H3K79me2, while NF-Y binding was not significantly affected. Conclusions. Three types of conclusions are reached: (i) H3K4 methylation is not absolutely required for NF-Y promoter association. (ii) NF-Y acts upstream of H3K4me3 deposition by recruiting Ash2L. (iii) There is a general cross-talk between H3K4me3 and H3K79me2 which is independent from the presence of MLL oncogenic fusions.
Partial efficacy of a VSV-SIV/MVA-SIV vaccine regimen against oral SIV challenge in infant macaques
Creators: name: Marthas, Marta L.
name: Van Rompay, Koen K.A.
name: Moss, Bernard
name: Abbott, Zachary
name: Rose, Nina F.
name: Buonocore-Buzzelli, Linda
name: Kozlowski, Pamela A.
name: Abel, Kristina
name: Earl, Patricia
name: Rose, John K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Despite antiretroviral medications, the rate of pediatric HIV-1 infections through breast-milk transmission has been staggering in developing countries. Therefore, the development of a vaccine to protect vulnerable infant populations should be actively pursued. We previously demonstrated that oral immunization of newborn macaques with vesicular stomatitis virus expressing simian immunodeficiency virus genes (VSV-SIV) followed 2 weeks later by an intramuscular boost with modified vaccinia ankara virus expressing SIV (MVA-SIV) successfully induced SIV-specific T and B cell responses in multiple lymphoid tissues, including the tonsil and intestine [13]. In the current study, we tested the oral VSV-SIV prime/systemic MVA-SIV boost vaccine for efficacy against multiple oral SIVmac251 challenges starting two weeks after the booster vaccination. The vaccine did not prevent SIV infection. However, in vaccinated infants, the level of SIV-specific plasma IgA (but not IgG) at the time of challenge was inversely correlated with peak viremia. In addition, the levels of SIV-specific IgA in saliva and plasma were inversely correlated with viral load at euthanasia. Animals with tonsils that contained higher frequencies of SIV-specific TNF-α- or IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and central memory T cells at euthanasia also had lower viremia. Interestingly, a marked depletion of CD25+ FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells was observed in the tonsils as well as the intestine of these animals, implying that T regulatory cells may be a major target of SIV infection in infant macaques. Overall, the data suggest that, in infant macaques orally infected with SIV, the co-induction of local antiviral cytotoxic T cells and T regulatory cells that promote the development of IgA responses may result in better control of viral replication. Thus, future vaccination efforts should be directed towards induction of IgA and mucosal T cell responses to prevent or reduce virus replication in infants.
Corrigendum to “Design considerations for liposomal vaccines: Influence of formulation parameters on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to liposome associated antigens” [Vaccine 30 (13) (2012) 2256–2272]
Creators: name: Endsley, Aaron N.
name: Watson, Douglas S.
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) are versatile and robust delivery systems for induction of antibody and T lymphocyte responses to associated subunit antigens. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and now several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines - method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties - exert dramatic effects on the resulting immune response. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines and how they influence immune responses. A discussion of novel and emerging immunomodulators that are suitable for inclusion in liposomal vaccines is also presented. Through a comprehensive analysis of the body of liposomal vaccine literature, we enumerate a series of principles that can guide the rational design of liposomal vaccines to elicit immune responses of a desired magnitude and quality. We also identify major unanswered questions in the field, pointing the direction for future study.
Do correlates of HPV vaccine initiation differ between adolescent boys and girls?
Creators: name: Moss, Jennifer L.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Gilkey, Melissa B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Guidelines now recommend that adolescents routinely receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Because little is known about uptake among boys, we assessed HPV vaccine initiation in a population-based sample of adolescent boys and girls.
Volume and porosity thermal regulation in lipid mesophases by coupling mobile ligands to soft membranes
Creators: name: Parolini, Lucia
name: Mognetti, Bortolo M.
name: Kotar, Jurij
name: Eiser, Erika
name: Cicuta, Pietro
name: Di Michele, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short DNA linkers are increasingly being exploited for driving specific self-assembly of Brownian objects. DNA-functionalised colloids can assemble into ordered or amorphous materials with tailored morphology. Recently, the same approach has been applied to compliant units, including emulsion droplets and lipid vesicles. The liquid structure of these substrates introduces new degrees of freedom: the tethers can diffuse and rearrange, radically changing the physics of the interactions. Unlike droplets, vesicles are extremely deformable and DNA-mediated adhesion causes significant shape adjustments. We investigate experimentally the thermal response of pairs and networks of DNA-tethered liposomes and observe two intriguing and possibly useful collective properties: negative thermal expansion and tuneable porosity of the liposome networks. A model providing a thorough understanding of this unexpected phenomenon is developed, explaining the emergent properties out of the interplay between the temperature-dependent deformability of the vesicles and the DNA-mediated adhesive forces.
Infected dendritic cells are sufficient to mediate the adjuvant activity generated by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles
Creators: name: Tonkin, Daniel R.
name: Johnston, Robert E.
name: Whitmore, Alan
name: Barro, Mario
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Replicon particles derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) are infectious non-propagating particles which act as a safe and potent systemic, mucosal, and cellular adjuvant when delivered with antigen. VEE and VEE replicon particles (VRP) can target multiple cell types including dendritic cells (DCs). The role of these cell types in VRP adjuvant activity has not been previously evaluated, and for these studies we focused on the contribution of DCs to the response to VRP. By analysis of VRP targeting in the draining lymph node, we found that VRP induced rapid recruitment of TNF-secreting monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells. VRP preferentially infected these inflammatory DCs as well as classical DCs and macrophages, with less efficient infection of other cell types. DC depletion suggested that the interaction of VRP with classical DCs was required for recruitment of inflammatory DCs, induction of high levels of many cytokines, and for stable transport of VRP to the draining lymph node. Additionally, in vitro-infected DCs enhanced antigen-specific responses by CD4 and CD8 T cells. By transfer of VRP-infected DCs into mice we showed that these DCs generated an inflammatory state in the draining lymph node similar to that achieved by VRP injection. Most importantly, VRP-infected DCs were sufficient to establish robust adjuvant activity in mice comparable to that produced by VRP injection. These findings indicate that VRP infect, recruit and activate both classical and inflammatory DCs, and those DCs become mediators of the VRP adjuvant activity.
SIVmac239 MVA vaccine with and without a DNA prime, similar prevention of infection by a repeated dose SIVsmE660 challenge despite different immune responses
Creators: name: Felber, Barbara K.
name: Earl, Patricia L.
name: Nolen, Tracy L.
name: Kozlowski, Pamela A.
name: Johnson, Welkin E.
name: Kwa, Sue-Fen
name: Moss, Bernard
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Montefiori, David C.
name: Pavlakis, George N.
name: Lai, Lilin
name: Ferrari, Guido
name: Hirsch, Vanessa M.
name: Robinson, Harriet L.
name: Amara, Rama Rao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Vaccine regimens using different agents for priming and boosting have become popular for enhancing T cell and Ab responses elicited by candidate HIV/AIDS vaccines. Here we use a simian model to evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine in the presence and absence of a recombinant DNA prime. The simian vaccines and regimens represent prototypes for candidate HIV vaccines currently undergoing clinical testing.
Stormwater microplastics less than 250 microns: quantifying morphology, size distribution, and polymer characterization by FTIR-microscopy
Creators: name: Parmar, Swaraj
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Microplastics (MP), which are synthetic polymers smaller than 5 mm in size, are of concern due to their omnipresence in the marine environment. MPs have been reported in freshwater, wastewater, and in marine water, as well as in a wide variety of marine organisms. However, not many studies to date have investigated stormwater MP concentration or effectively characterized the type of polymers encountered in stormwater. The aim of this study is to devise a reliable subsampling and particle count technique to quantify MP concentrations in the class size of 63um to 250um. This study also included identification of polymer profiles and analysis of the size and morphology distribution. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microscopy is the primary technique used to characterize and identify MP at five different urban, suburban, and green infrastructure stormwater sites across northern New Jersey during six separate storm events. Comparison of results indicated that MPs in the size class of interest in this study were present in larger quantities compared to the larger size classes (250um to 2000um).
HPV vaccination among adolescent males: Results from the National Immunization Survey-Teen
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Gilkey, Melissa B.
name: Reiter, Paul L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: US guidelines provided a permissive recommendation forHPV vaccine for males in 2009, with an updated recommendation for routine vaccination in 2011. Dataon vaccine uptake among males, however, remain sparse. We analyzed 2010–2011 data (collected mostlyprior to the recommendation for routine vaccination) from the National Immunization Survey-Teen for a nationally representative sample of adolescent males ages 13–17 (n=22,365). We examined HPV vaccine initiation( receipt of at least one doseba sed on healthcare provider records) as the primary outcome. Analyses used weighted logistic regression. HPV vaccine initiation increased from 1.4% in 2010 to 8.3% in 2011. Parents who reported receiving a healthcare provider recommendation to get their sons HPV vaccine were much more likely to have vaccinated sons (OR=19.02, 95% CI: 14.36–25.19). Initiation was also higher among sons who were Hispanic (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.24–2.71) or who were eligible for the Vaccines for Children program (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.01–2.31). Only31.0% of parents with unvaccinated sons indicatedtheir sons were “somewhat likely” or “very likely” to receive HPV vaccine in the next year. The most common main reasons for parents not intending to vaccinate were believing vaccination is not needed or not necessary (24.5%), not having received a provider recommendation (22.1%), and lack of knowledge (15.9%). HPV vaccination is low among adolescent males in the US, and provider recommendation for vaccination is likely keyto improv ingvaccine uptake. Given the updated recommendation for routine vaccination and the changes in health insurance coverage that are likely to follow, continued efforts are needed to monitor HPV vaccination among males.
Organizational correlates of adolescent immunization: Findings of a state-wide study of primary care clinics in North Carolina
Creators: name: Dayton, Amanda M.
name: Griffith, Turquoise
name: Gilkey, Melissa B.
name: Grimshaw, Amy H.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Quinn, Beth
name: Moss, Jennifer L.
name: Bowling, J. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To analyze organization-level correlates of immunization coverage among adolescents served by high-volume primary care providers in North Carolina.
$Z_c(3900)$ as a Four-Quark State
Creators: name: Kisslinger, Leonard S.
name: Casper, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the method of QCD Sum Rules, we derive the correlator $Π^Z$ for a state consisting of two charm quarks and two light quarks, $c\bar{c}u\bar{d}$, and carry out a Borel transform to find $Π^Z(M_B)$. From this we find the solution that $M_B\simeq 3.9 \pm .2$ GeV, showing that the $Zc(3900)$ is a tetra-quark state.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
The Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Related Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Chibwesha, Carla J.
name: De Vuyst, Hugo
name: Lacey, Charles
name: Parham, Groesbeck P.
name: Banura, Cecily
name: Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant
name: Denny, Lynette
name: Alemany, Laia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Despite the scarcity of high quality cancer registries and lack of reliable mortality data, it is clear that human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated diseases, particularly cervical cancer, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Cervical cancer incidence rates in SSA are the highest in the world and the disease is the most common cause of cancer death among women in the region. The high incidence of cervical cancer is a consequence of the inability of most countries to either initiate or sustain cervical cancer prevention services. In addition, it appears that the prevalence of HPV in women with normal cytology is higher than in more developed areas of the world, at an average of 24%. There is, however, significant regional variation in SSA, with the highest incidence of HPV infection and cervical cancer found in Eastern and Western Africa. It is expected that, due to aging and growth of the population, but also to lack of access to appropriate prevention services and the concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in SSA will rise over the next 20 years. HPV16 and 18 are the most common genotypes in cervical cancer in SSA, although other carcinogenic HPV types, such as HPV45 and 35, are also relatively more frequent compared with other world regions. Data on other HPV-related anogenital cancers including those of the vulva, vagina, anus, and penis, are limited. Genital warts are common and associated with HPV types 6 and 11. HIV infection increases incidence and prevalence of all HPV-associated diseases. Sociocultural determinants of HPV-related disease, as well as the impact of forces that result in social destabilization, demand further study. Strategies to reduce the excessive burden of HPV-related diseases in SSA include age-appropriate prophylactic HPV vaccination, cervical cancer prevention services for women of the reproductive ages, and control of HIV/AIDS.
The need and challenges for development of an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine
Creators: name: Mocarski, Edward S.
name: Nabel, Gary J.
name: Corey, Lawrence
name: Raab-Traub, Nancy
name: Cohen, Jeffrey I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphoma after organ or stem cell transplant. A candidate vaccine containing soluble EBV glycoprotein gp350 protected cottontop tamarins from EBV lymphoma after challenge with EBV. In the only phase 2 trial of an EBV vaccine in humans, soluble gp350 in alum and monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant reduced the rate of infectious mononucleosis in EBV seronegative adults, but did not affect the rate of EBV infection. A peptide vaccine corresponding to EBV latency proteins has been tested in a small number of adults to prevent infectious mononucleosis. Some of the barriers to development of an EBV vaccine include (a) whether additional viral proteins in addition to gp350 would be more effective for preventing mononucleosis or EBV malignancies, (b) the difficulty of performing clinical trials to prevent EBV associated malignancies in the absence of good surrogate markers for tumor development, and the long period of time between primary EBV infection and development of many EBV tumors, (c) the lack of knowledge of immune correlates for protection against EBV infection and disease, (d) the limitations in animal models to study protection against EBV infection and disease, and (e) the need for additional information on the economic and societal burden of infectious mononucleosis to assess the cost-benefit of a prophylactic vaccine.
title: Die Vulnerabilität kleiner Inselstaaten angesichts des Klimawandels am Beispiel der Malediven
Creators: name: Olama, Emanuel Yona
Year: 2022

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Art und Weise, wie der Einfluss der unerwünschten Wirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Umwelt, das Ökosystem und den Haushalt auf den Malediven einwirkt und stellt die multiebene und integrierte Nachhaltige-Entwicklung als eine der zukünftigen Auswege vor. Dazu wird die folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: „Welchen Ausweg gibt es für die Malediven angesichts der herannahenden Folgen des Klimawandels?“ Die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage erfolgt durch eine auf Grund von vorhandenen Literaturwerken und Studien basierter Recherche. Die Erforschung der verschiedenen Literaturwerke belegt: Erstens, dass die Zerstörungskraft der unterschiedlichen Ereignisse auf den Atollen einwirkt, wodurch Ökosystem und Lebensräume und Infrastrukturen in Gefahr gebracht werden. Zweitens, wie die Nachhaltigkeit im Fischfang, im Bauwesen und im Tourismus sowie bei der Umsetzung der Schutzmaßnahmen eine sichere Möglichkeit für den Fortbestand der Malediven für die Zukunft darstellt. Das Ergebnis der Recherche stellt fest, dass, wenn die Regierung der Malediven bereitwillig und mutig ist und geeignete Maßnahmen im Sinne der multiebenen integrierten Nachhaltigkeit treffen und umsetzen kann, dann die Malediven trotz der herannahenden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels ihre Zukunft und die ihrer Industrie sichern könnten.
description: This thesis examines how the impact of the adverse effects of climate change influences the environment, ecosystem and households on the Maldives and presents the integrated multilevel sustainable development strategy as one of the secured future avenues. Through examining the existing literature and studies, the following research question is answered: “What way out is there for the Maldives in view of the approaching consequences of climate change?” Various studies and literatures demonstrate: Firstly, the destructiveness of different events affecting the atolls, putting ecosystems, habitats and infrastructures at risk. Secondly, how sustainability in fishing, construction and tourism, as well as the implementation of conservation measures on islands are surefire ways for Maldives to persist in the future. The findings of the research state that, if the Maldivian government has the willingness and determination to design and implement appropriate measures in the spirit of multi-level integrated sustainability, then the Maldives could protect its industry against the approaching impacts of climate change, thus securing its future.
Intervention effects from a social marketing campaign to promote HPV vaccination in preteen boys
Creators: name: Diehl, Sandra J.
name: Cates, Joan R.
name: Coyne-Beasley, Tamera
name: Crandell, Jamie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Adoption of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the US has been slow. In 2011, HPV vaccination of boys was recommended by CDC for routine use at ages 11–12. We conducted and evaluated a social marketing intervention with parents and providers to stimulate HPV vaccination among preteen boys.
Building Unbiased Estimators from Non-Gaussian Likelihoods with Application to Shear Estimation
Creators: name: Madhavacheril, Mathew S.
name: McDonald, Patrick
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Slosar, Anže
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general framework for generating estimators of a given quantity which are unbiased to a given order in the difference between the true value of the underlying quantity and the fiducial position in theory space around which we expand the likelihood. We apply this formalism to rederive the optimal quadratic estimator and show how the replacement of the second derivative matrix with the Fisher matrix is a generic way of creating an unbiased estimator (assuming choice of the fiducial model is independent of data). Next apply the approach to estimation of shear lensing, closely following the work of Bernstein and Armstrong (2014). Our first order estimator reduces to their estimator in the limit of zero shear, but it also naturally allows for the case of non-constant shear and the easy calculation of correlation functions or power spectra using standard methods. Both our first-order estimator and Bernstein and Armstrong's estimator exhibit a bias which is quadratic in true shear. Our third-order estimator is, at least in the realm of the toy problem of Bernstein and Armstrong, unbiased to 0.1% in relative shear errors $Δg/|g|$ for shears up to $|g|=0.2$.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, not too long; v2: matches version accepted by JCAP
Live attenuated influenza vaccine strains elicit a greater innate immune response than antigenically-matched seasonal influenza viruses during infection of human nasal epithelial cell cultures
Creators: name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Brighton, Missy
name: Fischer II, William A.
name: Chason, Kelly D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Influenza viruses are global pathogens that infect approximately 10–20% of the world’s population each year. Vaccines, including the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), are the best defense against influenza infections. The LAIV is a novel vaccine that actively replicates in the human nasal epithelium and elicits both mucosal and systemic protective immune responses. The differences in replication and innate immune responses following infection of human nasal epithelium with influenza seasonal wild type (WT) and LAIV viruses remain unknown. Using a model of primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cell (hNECs) cultures, we compared influenza WT and antigenically-matched cold adapted (CA) LAIV virus replication and the subsequent innate immune response including host cellular pattern recognition protein expression, host innate immune gene expression, secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and intracellular viral RNA levels. Growth curves comparing virus replication between WT and LAIV strains revealed significantly less infectious virus production during LAIV compared with WT infection. Despite this disparity in infectious virus production the LAIV strains elicited a more robust innate immune response with increased expression of RIG-I, TLR-3, IFNβ, STAT-1, IRF-7, MxA, and IP-10. There were no differences in cytotoxicity between hNEC cultures infected with WT and LAIV strains as measured by basolateral levels of LDH. Elevated levels of intracellular viral RNA during LAIV as compared with WT virus infection of hNEC cultures at 33°C may explain the augmented innate immune response via the up-regulation of pattern recognition receptors and down-stream type I IFN expression. Taken together our results suggest that the decreased replication of LAIV strains in human nasal epithelial cells is associated with a robust innate immune response that differs from infection with seasonal influenza viruses, limits LAIV shedding and plays a role in the silent clinical phenotype seen in human LAIV inoculation.
title: La lezione di Simone Weil
Creators: name: Gaeta , Giancarlo
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2010

description: La breve vita di Simone Weil è stata uno sforzo prolungato fino al punto di rottura per dare forma a quel "qualcosa" senza il quale per lei esistere non avrebbe avuto senso. Un'esigenza personale, certo, ma che non si risolve in pura autoaffermazione nella misura in cui il senso impresso alla sua volontà e al suo lavoro fu di comprendere l'epoca che gli era stata data in sorte. La quantità di problemi sociali, politici, storici, filosofici, religiosi affrontati con estrema lucidità nel vivo dei conflitti, sempre presente e partecipe, dà la misura del compito che si era prefissa, avendolo precocemente individuato come il compito cruciale richiesto dalla crisi epocale dell'Occidente.

description: B@belonline vol. 8 Musica e Bildung. Saper suonare e imparare ad ascoltare
The Vaccination Confidence Scale: A brief measure of parents’ vaccination beliefs
Creators: name: Gilkey, Melissa B.
name: Dempsey, Amanda F.
name: McRee, Annie-Laurie
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Magnus, Brooke E.
name: Reiter, Paul L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The success of national immunization programs depends on the public’s confidence in vaccines. We sought to develop a scale for measuring confidence about adolescent vaccination in diverse populations of parents.
A retrospective study of administration of vaccination for hepatitis B among newborn infants prior to hospital discharge at a midwestern tertiary care center
Creators: name: Ryckman, Kelli K.
name: Spracklen, Cassandra N.
name: Myers, Helen I.
name: Murray, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Infants are at high risk of developing chronic, life-threatening disease as a result of hepatitis B virus infection. Universal vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus, before discharge from the hospital after delivery is recommended as a measure to eradicate infection and associated mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine rates of perinatal hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) administration at a tertiary care center in Iowa and to assess the impact of maternal factors on Hep B uptake.
A New Non-MDS Hash Function Resisting Birthday Attack and Meet-in-the-middle Attack
Creators: name: Su, Shenghui
name: Xie, Tao
name: Lu, Shuwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.4.6; E.3; F.1.3

description: To examine the integrity and authenticity of an IP address efficiently and economically, this paper proposes a new non-Merkle-Damgard structural (non-MDS) hash function called JUNA that is based on a multivariate permutation problem and an anomalous subset product problem to which no subexponential time solutions are found so far. JUNA includes an initialization algorithm and a compression algorithm, and converts a short message of n bits which is regarded as only one block into a digest of m bits, where 80 <= m <= 232 and 80 <= m <= n <= 4096. The analysis and proof show that the new hash is one-way, weakly collision-free, and strongly collision-free, and its security against existent attacks such as birthday attack and meet-in-the- middle attack is to O(2 ^ m). Moreover, a detailed proof that the new hash function is resistant to the birthday attack is given. Compared with the Chaum-Heijst-Pfitzmann hash based on a discrete logarithm problem, the new hash is lightweight, and thus it opens a door to convenience for utilization of lightweight digital signing schemes.
description: 18 Pages