cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Application of finite field-dependent BRS transformations to problems of the Coulomb gauge
Creators: name: Joglekar, S. D.
name: Mandal, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Coulomb propagator in the formalism developed recently in which we construct the Coulomb gauge path-integral by correlating it with the well-defined Lorentz gauge path-integrals through a finite field-dependent BRS transformation. We discover several features of the Coulomb gauge from it. We find that the singular Coulomb gauge HAS to be treated as the gauge parameter lambda --> 0 limit. We further find that the propagator so obtained has good high energy behavior (k_0^{-2}) for lambda and epsilon nonzero. We further find that the behavior of the propagator so obtained is sensitive to the order of limits k_0 -->infinity, lambda -->0 and epsilon --> 0; so that these have to be handled carefully in a higher loop calculation. We show that we can arrive at the result of Cheng and Tsai for the ambiguous two loop Feynman integrals without the need for an extra ad hoc regularization and within the path integral formulation.
description: LaTeX 20 pages,minor corrections in eq.(4.6)-(4.8)
Strucutral Versus Nonstructural VAR Models of Agricultural Prices and Exports
Creators: name: Adamowicz, Wiktor
name: Armstrong, Glen
name: Lee, Gabriel
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor
name: Armstrong, Glen
name: Lee, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural Finance
International Relations/Trade

description: Vector autoregression (VAR) models of agricultural prices and exports have appeared in the literature over the past decade. These models are commonly interpreted as dynamic alternatives to structural econometric models. Most VAR models, however, assume a recursive structure between the "equations" in the models (or the variables of interest). In this paper we compare recursive VAR models of interaction between macroeconomic factors and the agricultural economy with a variety of non-recursive (or structural) VAR models. The results of the non-recursive models are strikingly different from the recursive models. In particular, the impact of the exchange rate on agricultural exports is far mroe pronounced in the non-recursive models and the interactions among macroeconomic and agricultural variables appear to be stronger. The results suggest that research effort should concentrate on the identification problem in structural VAR models rather than concentrating on their recursive counterparts.
Impairments in reinforcement learning do not explain enhanced habit formation in cocaine use disorder
Creators: name: Lim, T. V.
name: Cardinal, R. N.
name: Savulich, G.
name: Jones, P. S.
name: Moustafa, A. A.
name: Robbins, T. W.
name: Ersche, K. D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Original Investigation
Goal-directed learning/behaviour
Habit
Computational modelling
Hierarchical Bayesian
Appetitive discrimination learning
Reinforcement sensitivity
Positive feedback
Extinction
Perseveration

description: Abstract: Rationale: Drug addiction has been suggested to develop through drug-induced changes in learning and memory processes. Whilst the initiation of drug use is typically goal-directed and hedonically motivated, over time, drug-taking may develop into a stimulus-driven habit, characterised by persistent use of the drug irrespective of the consequences. Converging lines of evidence suggest that stimulant drugs facilitate the transition of goal-directed into habitual drug-taking, but their contribution to goal-directed learning is less clear. Computational modelling may provide an elegant means for elucidating changes during instrumental learning that may explain enhanced habit formation. Objectives: We used formal reinforcement learning algorithms to deconstruct the process of appetitive instrumental learning and to explore potential associations between goal-directed and habitual actions in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Methods: We re-analysed appetitive instrumental learning data in 55 healthy control volunteers and 70 CUD patients by applying a reinforcement learning model within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We used a regression model to determine the influence of learning parameters and variations in brain structure on subsequent habit formation. Results: Poor instrumental learning performance in CUD patients was largely determined by difficulties with learning from feedback, as reflected by a significantly reduced learning rate. Subsequent formation of habitual response patterns was partly explained by group status and individual variation in reinforcement sensitivity. White matter integrity within goal-directed networks was only associated with performance parameters in controls but not in CUD patients. Conclusions: Our data indicate that impairments in reinforcement learning are insufficient to account for enhanced habitual responding in CUD.
Evaluation of satellite land surface albedo products over China using ground-measurements
Creators: name: Lu, Yunbo
name: Wang, Lunche
name: Hu, Bo
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Qin, Wenmin
name: Zhou, Jiaojiao
name: Tao, Minghui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Land surface albedo (LSA) is an important parameter in surface energy balance and global climate change. It has been used in the fields of energy budgets, climate dynamics, and land surface processes. To apply satellite LSA products more widely, the product accuracy needs to be evaluated at different scales and under atmospheric and surface conditions. This study validates and analyzes the errors of the LSA datasets from the Global LAnd Surface Satellites (GLASS) product, the European Space Agency’s Earth Observation Envelope Programme (GlobAlbedo), the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project, the Gap-filled Snow-free Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) parameters product (MCD43GF), and the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) Albedo dataset from the AVHRR data (CLARA-SAL) against the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) measurements at different spatiotemporal scales over China from 2005 to 2015. The results show that LSA estimated by GLASS agrees well with the CERN measurements on a continental scale. The GLASS product is characterized by a correlation coefficient of 0.80, a root-mean-square error of 0.09, and a mean absolute error of 0.06. The consistency between GLASS, GlobAlbedo, and CLARA-SAL is slightly lower over the regions with high aerosol optical depth (AOD) (e.g. Sichuan Basin, northern China) and high cloud cover compared with that in regions with lower AOD and low cloud cover. The estimation errors are related to varying atmospheric and surface conditions and increase with increasing AOD and cloud cover and decreasing enhanced vegetation index. Therefore, algorithms under complex atmospheric and surface conditions (e.g. high AOD, sparse vegetation) should be optimized to improve the accuracy of LSA products.
An Opportunity Cost Criterion for Scheduling Timber Harvest: A Comparison of Area and Volume Based Approaches
Creators: name: Armstrong, Glen W.
name: Phillips, William E.
name: Beck, James A.
name: Armstrong, Glen W.
name: Phillips, William E.
name: Beck, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Financial Economics

description: This paper develops an economic criterion for scheduling timber stands for harvest when there are upper limits on the timber volume harvested in a period. The opportunity cost of delayed harvest is used to rank the harvest priority for stands: those with the highest opportunity cost are to be harvested first until the upper limit on volume is reached or there is no available wood with a positive opportunity cost of delay. The paper comapres the effect of ranking stands for harvest by opportunity cost per cubic metre (m^3) and by opportunity cost per hectare (ha). The opportunity cost per ha ranking in clearly inappropriate when periodic harvest colume constraints are used. However, because of the spatial orientation of forest management, it is tempting to use the opportunity cost her ha measure. This paper shows that when stands are ranked for harvest by opportunity cost per m^3, a wider variety of timber types and site classes are scheduled for harvest than when the opportunity cost per ha criterion is used. This mix of timber types and site classes corresponds with the observed harvest behavior of logging firms. Other authors have argued that the wide mix of timber actually harvested by logging firms is driven by non-economic considerations. It is argued here that this harvest variety can be attributed to economically rational behaviour.
Acoustic oscillations and dynamo action in the G8 sub-giant EK Eri
Creators: name: Bonanno, A.
name: Corsaro, E.
name: Del Sordo, F.
name: Pallé, P. L.
name: Stello, D.
name: Hon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present further evidence of the presence of acoustic oscillations on the slowly-rotating, over-active G8 sub-giant EK Eri. This star was observed with the 1-m Hertzsprung SONG telescope, at the Observatorio del Teide for two different runs of 8 and 13 nights, respectively, and separated by about a year. We determined a significant excess of power around $ν_\mathrm{max} = 253 \pm 3\,μ$Hz in the first observing run and we were able to determine the large separation $Δν= 16.43 \pm 0.22\,μ$Hz. No significant excess of power was instead detected in a subsequent SONG observing season, as also supported by our analysis of the simultaneous TESS photometric observations. We propose a new amplitude-luminosity relation in order to account for the missing power in the power spectrum. Based on the evolutionary stage of this object we argue that standard $α^2Ω$ dynamo cannot be excluded as a possible origin for the observed magnetic field.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Theme Overview: Producer Impacts of the Food Safety Modernization Act
Creators: name: Ribera, Luis A.
name: Ribera, Luis A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Policy
subject: Food Safety
subject: Fresh Produce

description: The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), P.L. 111-353, is the most significant reform of the U.S. food safety laws in over 70 years. After less than two years in Congressional development, it was signed into law by President Obama on January 4, 2011. The law shifts the focus from responding to contamination to preventing it. The “Final Rule” was published on November 27, 2015, becoming effective on January 26, 2016. The lengthy period of time in rule development is, in part, explained by the complexity of our food supply system, and the implications for food safety from farm-to-table. Adding to the challenge is a decentralized division of labor for ensuring a safe food supply among governmental agencies. The modern food supply system is a complex and diverse supply chain, including significant imports, science-based knowledge, and an engaged consumer. While potential benefits have been at least partially documented, the benefits of safer food are not without cost. Some of the costs will initially be borne by the agricultural sector. This collection of articles in Choices focuses on likely impacts on the agricultural sector due to implementation of the FSMA rules.
Fitness of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared in an artificial diet
Creators: name: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 70399 Crop and Pasture Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an economically important pest of corn. Finding simple, cheap, and suitable rearing techniques of O. furnacalis is an urgent need to support research for management of this insect. This research aimed to determine the suitability of a read bean and rice branbased artificial diet used for mass rearing of this insect since 2009. The tested artificial diet was compared with the natural diet (sweet corn kernel) and each diet was tested in individual rearing method (one larva in each vial). The criteria used to justify the quality of diet and mass rearing procedure were based on the fitness of O. furnacalis. The degree of fitness was based on life history, growth, and development. In general, the fitness parameteres observed from O. furnacalis reared in the artificial diet at 25.7 ± 1.6 °C with 57.7 ± 3.8% RH, and L12:D12 were similar than those in the natural diet. Therefore, the existing artificial diet and rearing procedure were considered suitable and qualified for O.furnacalis. It is important to periodically check the laboratory colony to ensure that they have similar fitness to those found in the natural population.
Inhibition of snake venom induced sterile inflammation and PLA2 activity by Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles in experimental animals
Creators: name: Chakrabartty, Shubhro
name: Alam, Md. Iqbal
name: Bhagat, Saumya
name: Alam, Aftab
name: Dhyani, Neha
name: Khan, Gausal A.
name: Alam, M. Sarwar
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/350
/692/53
/9/10
/14/63
/14/28
/64/60
/82
/101/28
/59
/13
/13/21
/38
article

description: Abstract: Sterile inflammation (SI) is an essential process in response to snakebite and injury. The venom induced pathophysiological response to sterile inflammation results into many harmful and deleterious effects that ultimately leads to death. The available treatment for snakebite is antiserum which does not provide enough protection against venom-induced pathophysiological changes like haemorrhage, necrosis, nephrotoxicity and often develop hypersensitive reactions. In order to overcome these hindrances, scientists around the globe are searching for an alternative therapy to provide better treatment to the snake envenomation patients. In the present study TiO2 (Titanium dioxide)-NPs (Nanoparticles) has been assessed for antisnake venom activity and its potential to be used as an antidote. In this study, the synthesis of TiO2-NPs arrays has been demonstrated on p-type Silicon Si < 100 > substrate (∼30 ohm-cm) and the surface topography has been detected by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The TiO2-NPs successfully neutralized the Daboia russelii venom (DRV) and Naja kaouthia venom (NKV)-induced lethal activity. Viper venom induced haemorrhagic, coagulant and anticoagulant activities were effectively neutralized both in in-vitro and in vivo studies. The cobra and viper venoms-induced sterile inflammatory molecules (IL-6, HMGB1, HSP70, HSP90, S100B and vWF) were effectively neutralised by the TiO2-NPs in experimental animals.
Axial vector diquark correlations in the nucleon: Structure functions and static properties
Creators: name: Mineo, H.
name: Bentz, W.
name: Ishii, N.
name: Yazaki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to extract information on the strength of quark-quark correlations in the axial vector (a.v.) diquark channel ($J^P=1^+, T=1$), we analyze the quark light cone momentum distributions in the nucleon, in particular their flavor dependencies, and the static properties of the nucleon. To construct the nucleon as a relativistic 3-quark bound state, we use a simple 'static' approximation to the full Faddeev equation in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, including correlations in the scalar ($J^P=0^+, T=0$) and a.v. diquark channels. It is shown that the a.v. diquark correlations should be rather weak compared to the scalar ones. From our analysis we extract information on the strength of the correlations as well as on the probability of the a.v. diquark channel.
description: 55 pages,12 figures
Natural Disaster in Armed Conflict Area: The Implementation of the Doctrine of Responsibility to Protect in the ASEAN
Creators: name: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160606 Government and Politics of Asia and the Pacific

description: In the last decade, more natural disasters have occurred than before in the world. The ASEAN regions are particularly prone to such disasters. Natural disasters can happen anytime and will be a more serious problem in an armed conflict area. In disaster management, humanitarian assistance of the international community is basically subject to the principle of state sovereignty. In a conflict area, however, the principle of sovereignty must be harmonized with the doctrine of responsibility to protect. How could the ASEAN countries accept the doctrine of the responsibility to protect during natural disaster management in an armed conflict? This paper aims to analyze the doctrine of responsibility to protect in the course of managing natural disaster of an armed conflict area in terms of lessons from the ASEAN countries such as Indonesia,
Myanmar and the Philippines.
Building Trust in Driverless Technology: Overcoming Cybersecurity Challenges
Creators: name: Mohammed, Anwar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 400703
subject: Autonomous vehicle systems

description: Driverless technology is revolutionizing transportation, promising improved safety, efficiency, and accessibility. However, the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) hinges on addressing critical cybersecurity challenges to build public trust. This paper investigates the multifaceted cybersecurity threats faced by driverless systems, including vulnerabilities in communication networks, sensor spoofing, software tampering, and potential breaches in cloud-based data management. These risks not only compromise passenger safety but also erode trust in the technology's reliability and resilience. To overcome these challenges, the paper suggests a comprehensive cybersecurity framework for AVs. This includes robust encryption protocols for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine learning-based intrusion detection systems, and blockchain enhanced data integrity solutions. Additionally, regulatory recommendations and industry collaboration are highlighted as essential components in developing standardized cybersecurity measures. The study analyzes real-world incidents and potential attack vectors to provide actionable insights in fortifying the cybersecurity of driverless systems. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes that building trust in the technology of autonomous vehicles requires proactive and transparent approaches to cybersecurity, with the safe and secure integration of AVs into society.
Graviton emission from a soft brane
Creators: name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories with compact extra spatial dimensions felt only by gravity are subject to direct experimental tests if the compactification volume is large. Estimates of high-energy collider observables induced by graviton radiation into extra dimensions are usually given assuming rigid branes. This may overestimate the accessibility of these theories. Brane fluctuations soften the coupling of graviton radiation, and reduce our ability to see effects in high-energy collisions. We calculate the size of this suppression on single jet plus gravitons at the LHC and single photon plus gravitons at an e+e- linear collider. We advocate the use of a brane softening variable as an additional parameter when comparing theory predictions to data.
description: 4 pages, Revtex
Engineering transkingdom signalling in plants to control gene expression in rhizosphere bacteria
Creators: name: Geddes, Barney A.
name: Paramasivan, Ponraj
name: Joffrin, Amelie
name: Thompson, Amber L.
name: Christensen, Kirsten
name: Jorrin, Beatriz
name: Brett, Paul
name: Conway, Stuart J.
name: Oldroyd, Giles E. D.
name: Poole, Philip S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/61/447/2311
/631/326/2522
/631/449/2667
/14/5
article

description: Abstract: The root microbiota is critical for agricultural yield, with growth-promoting bacteria able to solubilise phosphate, produce plant growth hormones, antagonise pathogens and fix N2. Plants control the microorganisms in their immediate environment and this is at least in part through direct selection, the immune system, and interactions with other microorganisms. Considering the importance of the root microbiota for crop yields it is attractive to artificially regulate this environment to optimise agricultural productivity. Towards this aim we express a synthetic pathway for the production of the rhizopine scyllo-inosamine in plants. We demonstrate the production of this bacterial derived signal in both Medicago truncatula and barley and show its perception by rhizosphere bacteria, containing bioluminescent and fluorescent biosensors. This study lays the groundwork for synthetic signalling networks between plants and bacteria, allowing the targeted regulation of bacterial gene expression in the rhizosphere for delivery of useful functions to plants.
Phase transitions in titanium with an analytic bond-order potential
Creators: name: Ferrari, Alberto
name: Schröder, Malte
name: Lysogorskiy, Yury
name: Rogal, Jutta
name: Mrovec, Matous
name: Drautz, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Titanium is the base material for a number of technologically important alloys for energy conversion and structural applications. Atomic-scale studies of Ti-based metals employing first-principles methods, such as density functional theory, are limited to ensembles of a few hundred atoms. To perform large-scale and/or finite temperature simulations, computationally more efficient interatomic potentials are required. In this work, we coarse grain the tight-binding (TB) approximation to the electronic structure and develop an analytic bond-order potential (BOP) for Ti by fitting to the energies and forces of elementary deformations of simple structures. The BOP predicts the structural properties of the stable and defective phases of Ti with a quality comparable to previous TB parametrizations at a much lower computational cost. The predictive power of the model is demonstrated for simulations of martensitic transformations.
The Unc13A isoform is important for phasic release and olfactory memory formation at mushroom body synapses
Creators: name: Woitkuhn, Jennifer
name: Ender, Anatoli
name: Beuschel, Christine B.
name: Maglione, Marta
name: Matkovic-Rachid, Tanja
name: Huang, Sheng
name: Lehmann, Martin
name: Geiger, Joerg R. P.
name: Sigrist, Stephan J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The cellular analysis of mushroom body (MB)-dependent memory forming processes is far advanced, whereas, the molecular and physiological understanding of their synaptic basis lags behind. Recent analysis of the Drosophila olfactory system showed that Unc13A, a member of the M(Unc13) release factor family, promotes a phasic, high release probability component, while Unc13B supports a slower tonic release component, reflecting their different nanoscopic positioning within individual active zones. We here use STED super-resolution microscopy of MB lobe synapses to show that Unc13A clusters closer to the active zone centre than Unc13B. Unc13A specifically supported phasic transmission and short-term plasticity of Kenyon cell:output neuron synapses, measured by combining electrophysiological recordings of output neurons with optogenetic stimulation. Knockdown of unc13A within Kenyon cells provoked drastic deficits of olfactory aversive short-term and anaesthesia-sensitive middle-term memory. Knockdown of unc13B provoked milder memory deficits. Thus, a low frequency domain transmission component is probably crucial for the proper representation of memory-associated activity patterns, consistent with sparse Kenyon cell activation during memory acquisition and retrieval. Notably, Unc13A/B ratios appeared highly diversified across MB lobes, leaving room for an interplay of activity components in memory encoding and retrieval.
Additional file 1 of Disclosure, transparency, and accountability: a qualitative survey of public sector pharmaceutical committee conflict of interest policies in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region
Creators: name: Grundy, Quinn
name: Parker, Lisa
name: Wong, Anna
name: Fusire, Terence
name: Dimancesco, Deirdre
name: Tisocki, Klara
name: Walkowiak, Helena
name: Vian, Taryn
name: Kohler, Jillian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Young Salafi-niqabi and hijrah:agency and identity negotiation
Creators: name: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Religious Studies

description: This article analyzes the life of young millennial Salafi-niqabi in Surakarta and their strategies in dealing with power relations in their everyday lives. Studies on Salafi in Indonesia have focused more on global Salafi movements, power politics, links with fundamentalist-radical movements, state security and criticism of Salafi religious doctrine. Although there are several studies that try to portray the daily life of this religious group, the majority of previous studies focused on formal institutions and male Salafi. Very few studies have addressed the lives of Salafi women. This is likely due to the difficulty of approaching this group because of their exclusivity, and their restrictions on interacting with the outside world. Using Macleod’s theory of ‘accommodating protest’ within the framework of everyday politics, agency, and power relations, this research found that young millennial Salafi-niqabi have a unique method of negotiating with the modern and globalized world. Through what Macleod calls an accommodation which is at the same time a protest, young Salafi-niqabi have experienced hijrah as a form of negotiation of their millennial identity.
Dysbiosis associated with acute helminth infections in herbivorous youngstock – observations and implications
Creators: name: Peachey, Laura E.
name: Castro, Cecilia
name: Molena, Rebecca A.
name: Jenkins, Timothy P.
name: Griffin, Julian L.
name: Cantacessi, Cinzia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/326/1320
/631/326/417/2546
/45/23
/45/77
article

description: Abstract: A plethora of data points towards a role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of neonatal and young vertebrates in supporting the development and regulation of the host immune system. However, knowledge of the impact that infections by GI helminths exert on the developing microbiota of juvenile hosts is, thus far, limited. This study investigates, for the first time, the associations between acute infections by GI helminths and the faecal microbial and metabolic profiles of a cohort of equine youngstock, prior to and following treatment with parasiticides (ivermectin). We observed that high versus low parasite burdens (measured via parasite egg counts in faecal samples) were associated with specific compositional alterations of the developing microbiome; in particular, the faecal microbiota of animals with heavy worm infection burdens was characterised by lower microbial richness, and alterations to the relative abundances of bacterial taxa with immune-modulatory functions. Amino acids and glucose were increased in faecal samples from the same cohort, which indicated the likely occurrence of intestinal malabsorption. These data support the hypothesis that GI helminth infections in young livestock are associated with significant alterations to the GI microbiota, which may impact on both metabolism and development of acquired immunity. This knowledge will direct future studies aimed to identify the long-term impact of infection-induced alterations of the GI microbiota in young livestock.
Combined effects of copper and cadmium on Chlorella pyrenoidosa H.Chick: Subcellular accumulation, distribution, and growth inhibition
Creators: name: Universitas Gadjah Mada
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Disposal of waste into aquatic ecosystems may cause microalgae to be exposed to various metals, e.g. copper and cadmium. The effects caused by combinations of metals may be more serious. Evaluations of subcellular fate, bioaccumulation, and biological effects of metals on aquatic organisms are generally derived from experiments with individual metals. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to copper and cadmium combined on subcellular accumulation, distribution, and growth. The algae were exposed for 72 h to copper at concentrations of 13 – 25 μmol L-1, cadmium at about 6 μmol L-1, and combinations thereof. The levels of copper and cadmium in subcellular organelles, heatdenaturated protein, metal-rich granules, and heat-stable protein were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Exposure of C. pyrenoidosa to copper and cadmium in combination inhibited growth more strongly than copper and cadmium individually. Highest accumulation was observed in metal-rich granules and heat-stable proteins. Administration of both metals in combination affected their subcellular distribution: copper was mainly distributed into the metal-rich granules (70 - 80 %) and heat-stable proteins (9 - 24 %), cadmium in the metal-rich granules (88 - 98 %).
Massless Higher Spins and Holography
Creators: name: Sezgin, E.
name: Sundell, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat free large N superconformal field theories as holographic duals of higher spin (HS) gauge theories expanded around AdS spacetime with radius R. The HS gauge theories contain massless and light massive AdS fields. The HS current correlators are written in a crossing symmetric form including only exchange of other HS currents. This and other arguments point to the existence of a consistent truncation to massless HS fields. A survey of massless HS theories with 32 supersymmetries in D=4,5,7 (where the 7D results are new) is given and the corresponding composite operators are discussed. In the case of AdS_4, the cubic couplings of a minimal bosonic massless HS gauge theory are described. We examine high energy/small tension limits giving rise to massless HS fields in the Type IIB string on AdS_5 x S^5 and M theory on AdS_{4/7} x S^{7/4}. We discuss breaking of HS symmetries to the symmetries of ordinary supergravity, and a particularly natural Higgs mechanism in AdS_5 x S^5 and AdS_4 x S^7 where the HS symmetry is broken by finite g_{YM}. In AdS_5 x S^5 it is shown that the supermultiplets of the leading Regge trajectory cross over into the massless HS spectrum. We propose that g_{YM}=0 corresponds to a critical string tension of order 1/R^2 and a finite string coupling of order 1/N. In AdS_7 x S^4 we give a rotating membrane solution coupling to the massless HS currents, and describe these as limits of Wilson surfaces in the A_{N-1}(2,0) SCFT, expandable in terms of operators with anomalous dimensions that are asymptotically small for large spin. The minimal energy configurations have semi-classical energy E=s for all s and the geometry of infinitely stretched strings with energy and spin density concentrated at the endpoints.
description: 77 pages, latex, minor corrections to eqs 4.26-30, a refined discussion of long strings in Sec 5
Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy
Creators: name: Martin-Key, N. A.
name: Allison, G.
name: Fairchild, G.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Empathy
Emotion recognition
Empathic accuracy
Conduct disorder
Callous-unemotional traits
Sex differences

description: Funder: Economic and Social Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
description: Abstract: Research on empathy in youth with Conduct Disorder (CD) has primarily focused on males, with the few studies that have investigated empathy in females relying on questionnaire measures. Our primary aim was to investigate whether females with CD show empathy deficits when using a more ecologically-valid task. We used an empathic accuracy (EA) paradigm that involved watching videos of actors recalling emotional experiences and providing continuous ratings of emotional intensity (assessing EA), naming the emotion expressed (emotion recognition), and reporting whether they shared the emotion expressed (affective empathy). We compared 23 females with CD and 29 typically-developing (TD) adolescents aged 13–18 years. The CD sample was divided into subgroups with higher (CD/CU+) versus lower (CD/CU−) levels of callous-unemotional traits. Females with CD did not differ from TD females in EA or emotion recognition but exhibited reduced affective empathy responses (ps < 0.01, rs ≥ 0.39). The CD/CU+ and CD/CU− subgroups did not differ on any empathy measure. We also assessed for sex differences in CD-empathy associations by comparing the present data with archive data from males. CD adolescents exhibited impairments in EA relative to their TD counterparts overall (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.06), but there was no sex-by-diagnosis interaction. While females with CD were only impaired in affective empathy, males with CD exhibited emotion recognition and affective empathy deficits. This study demonstrates that females with CD show relatively specific impairments in affective empathy on an ecologically-valid task, whereas males with CD display more global empathic difficulties.
Design and Experimental Validation of an Active Catheter for Endovascular Navigation
Creators: name: Couture, Thibault
name: Szewczyk, Jérome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Endovascular technique has many advantages but relies strongly on operator skills and experience. Robotically steerable catheters have been developed but few are clinically available. We describe here the development of an active and efficient catheter based on Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) actuators. We first establish the specifications of our device considering anatomical constraints. We then present a new method for building active SMA-based catheters. The proposed method relies on the use of a core body made of three parallel metallic beams and integrates wire-shaped SMA actuators. The complete device is encapsulated into a standard 6F catheter for safety purposes. A trial-error campaign comparing 70 different prototypes is then conducted to determine the best dimensions of the core structure and of the SMA actuators with respect to the imposed specifications. The final prototype is tested on a silicon-based arterial model and on a 23-kg pig. During these experiments we were able to cannulate the supra-aortic trunks and the renal arteries with different angulations and without any complication.
Apocalypse soon
Creators: name: Jackson, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based upon a simple vacuum Lagrangian, comprising cosmological and quadratic scalar field terms, a cosmological model is presented whose history is indistinguishable from that of an innocuous low-density cold dark matter (CDM) universe, but whose future is very much shorter. For sensible values of the deceleration parameter (0
description: This paper has not previously appeared on the e-Print archive. It is essentially a Quintessence model without eternal acceleration. Such models are now very popular in the context of string theory. 5 pages, 2 figures
Farmer heterogeneity and differential livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion in Sumatra, Indonesia
Creators: name: Krishna, Vijesh
name: Euler, Michael
name: Siregar, Hermanto
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Krishna, Vijesh
name: Euler, Michael
name: Siregar, Hermanto
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: social heterogeneity
subject: welfare impact
subject: transmigrant programme
subject: Jambi Province

description: We examine the impact of oil palm expansion on smallholder livelihoods in Indonesia, using farm-household survey data. Treatment-effects and endogenous switching regression models suggest that smallholders benefit from oil palm adoption on average. Part of the benefit stems from the fact that oil palm requires less labour than rubber, the main alternative crop. This allows oil palm adopters to allocate more labour to off-farm activities and/or to expand their farmland. Households with a lower land-to-labour ratio are typically better-off with rubber. Depending on various social and institutional factors, households’ access to land, labour, and capital varies, contributing to impact heterogeneity.
Liquid Drop Model with Different Neutron versus Proton Deformations
Creators: name: Dobrowolski, A.
name: Pomorski, K.
name: Bartel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear binding energies for 28 nuclei including several isotopic chains with masses ranging from A=64 to A=226 were evaluated using the Skyrme effective nucleon-nucleon interaction and the Extended Thomas-Fermi approximation. The neutron and proton density distributions are assumed in the form of Fermi functions the parameters of which are determined so as to minimize the total binding energy of any given nucleus. The present study is restricted to quadrupole shapes, but the neutron and proton density distributions are free to have different deformations. A simple expression for the variation of the nuclear energy with the neutron--proton deformation difference is derived.
description: 12 pages, latex, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. as rapid comm
The Impact of Emergency Food Aid on Children's Schooling and Work Decisions
Creators: name: Broussard, Nzinga
name: Poppe, Robert
name: Tekleselassie, Tsegay
name: Broussard, Nzinga
name: Poppe, Robert
name: Tekleselassie, Tsegay
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Safety Net
subject: Child Labor
subject: Schooling
subject: Inverse Propensity Score Weighting

description: In this paper, we empirically test the effect that food aid had on children's educational attainment and work decisions following the 2002 drought. Difference-in-differences and inverse-propensity score weighting regression results suggest that participation in Ethiopia's food-for-work program following the 2002 drought decreased the number of years of schooling for younger children and increased the likelihood that older children were not enrolled in school because of work responsibilities. Participation in Ethiopia's free distribution program following the 2002 drought increased the number of years of schooling for younger boys. This paper contributes to our understanding of determinants of schooling decisions and child labor. It provides valuable lessons on how unconditional transfers can impact schooling decisions and child labor.
Hankel hyperdeterminants and Selberg integrals
Creators: name: Luque, J. -G.
name: Thibon, J. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the simplest class of hyperdeterminants defined by Cayley in the case of Hankel hypermatrices (tensors of the form $A_{i_1i_2... i_k}=f(i_1+i_2+...+i_k)$). It is found that many classical properties of Hankel determinants can be generalized, and a connection with Selberg type integrals is established. In particular, Selberg's original formula amounts to the evaluation of all Hankel hyperdeterminants built from the moments of the Jacobi polynomials. Many higher-dimensional analogues of classical Hankel determinants are evaluated in closed form. The Toeplitz case is also briefly discussed. In physical terms, both cases are related to the partition functions of one-dimensional Coulomb systems with logarithmic potential.
description: 32 pages, LaTex, IOP macros
DETERMINING THE VALUE OF BIRTHRANK AND PARENT AGE IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES
Creators: name: Cui, Xiurui
name: Cui, Xiurui
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Thoroughbred industry
subject: equine economics
subject: yearling price.

description: There is one popular theory spread among thoroughbred buyers at public auctions that younger mares’ progeny, at their birth ranks 2-3, usually are born with better body conditions, also have a higher chance to succeed in their future racing careers and therefore are sold at higher price. So our interest is to test this hypothesis, we examined the impact of dam’s age and the progeny’s birth rank on hammer price in a hedonic pricing model to test the significance of its coefficient; Using the same model, we change the dependent variable to these yearlings’ future earnings on race tracks, to see whether the same explanatory variables have a similar impact on horses’ racing performance. With discovering the magnitude of marginal values of each characteristic in two equations, we compare the results especially of the variables represent dam’s age and parity. Our goal is to help buyers and sellers of thoroughbred yearlings to further understand price discovery and provide more statistical information to help them make reasonable and better purchasing decisions; information on how birth rank and dam’s age impact progeny’s future performances is important for both buyers and sellers, for the reason that if we prove these factors are not playing a significant role in their future performances, reasonable buyers will not neither base their purchasing decisions on the dam’s age nor the birth rank of the progeny.
Analysis of Higher Spin Field Equations in Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Sezgin, E.
name: Sundell, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal bosonic higher spin gauge theory in four dimensions contains massless particles of spin s=0,2,4,.. that arise in the symmetric product of two spin 0 singletons. It is based on an infinite dimensional extension of the AdS_4 algebra a la Vasiliev. We derive an expansion scheme in which the gravitational gauge fields are treated exactly and the gravitational curvatures and the higher spin gauge fields as weak perturbations. We also give the details of an explicit iteration procedure for obtaining the field equations to arbitrary order in curvatures. In particular, we highlight the structure of all the quadratic terms in the field equations.
description: Latex, 30 pages, several clarifications and few references added
The Ethical Dilemma when (not) Setting up Cost-based Decision Rules in Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Chan, Robin
name: Rottmann, Matthias
name: Dardashti, Radin
name: Hüger, Fabian
name: Schlicht, Peter
name: Gottschalk, Hanno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T45, 62-07, 62C05

description: Neural networks for semantic segmentation can be seen as statistical models that provide for each pixel of one image a probability distribution on predefined classes. The predicted class is then usually obtained by the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) which is known as Bayes rule in decision theory. From decision theory we also know that the Bayes rule is optimal regarding the simple symmetric cost function. Therefore, it weights each type of confusion between two different classes equally, e.g., given images of urban street scenes there is no distinction in the cost function if the network confuses a person with a street or a building with a tree. Intuitively, there might be confusions of classes that are more important to avoid than others. In this work, we want to raise awareness of the possibility of explicitly defining confusion costs and the associated ethical difficulties if it comes down to providing numbers. We define two cost functions from different extreme perspectives, an egoistic and an altruistic one, and show how safety relevant quantities like precision / recall and (segment-wise) false positive / negative rate change when interpolating between MAP, egoistic and altruistic decision rules.
Supplementary document for Broadband and high-efficiency photonic spin-Hall effect with all-metallic metasurfaces - 5789999.pdf
Creators: name: Cai, Jixiang
name: zhang, fei
name: Pu, Mingbo
name: Xie, Ting
name: feng, xingdong
name: Yu, Honglin
name: Luo, Xiangang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary information of Broadband and high-efficiency photonic spin-Hall effect with all-metallic metasurfaces