cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Separating polarized cosmological and galactic emissions for CMB B-mode polarization experiments
Creators: name: Stivoli, Federico
name: Baccigalupi, Carlo
name: Maino, Davide
name: Stompor, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the relevance of the component separation technique based on the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and investigate its performance in the context of a limited sky coverage observation and from the viewpoint of our ability to differentiate between cosmological models with different primordial B-mode content. We focus on the low Galactic emission sky patch, corresponding to the target of several operating and planned CMB experiments and which, in many respects, adequately represents a typical "clean" high latitude sky. We consider two fiducial observations, one operating at low (40, 90 GHz) and one at high (150, 350 GHz) frequencies and thus dominated by the synchrotron and thermal dust emission, respectively. We use a parallel version of the FASTICA code to explore a substantial parameter space including Gaussian pixel noise level, observed sky area and the amplitude of the foreground emission and employ large Monte Carlo simulations to quantify errors and biases pertinent to the reconstruction for different choices of the parameter values. We identify a large subspace of the parameter space for which the quality of the CMB reconstruction is excellent. For both the cosmological models, with and without the primordial gravitational waves, we find that FASTICA performs extremely well even in the cases when the B mode CMB signal is up to a few times weaker than the foreground contamination and the noise amplitude is comparable with the total CMB polarized emission. In addition we discuss limiting cases of the noise and foreground amplitudes, for which the ICA approach fails.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, replaced to match published version
Polarization images of accretion flow around supermassive black holes: imprints of toroidal field structure
Creators: name: Tsunetoe, Yuh
name: Mineshige, Shin
name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With unprecedented angular resolution, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has opened a new era of black holes. We have previously calculated the expected polarization images of M87* with the EHT observations in mind. There, we demonstrated that circular polarization (CP) images, as well as the linear polarization (LP) maps, can convey quite useful information to us, such as the flow structure and magnetic field configuration around the black hole. In this paper, we make new predictions for the cases in which disk emission dominates over jet emission, bearing Sgr A* in mind. Here we set the proton-to-electron temperature ratio of the disk component to be Tp/Te $\sim$ 2 so as to suppress jet emission relative to emission from accretion flow. As a result, we obtain ring-like images and triple-forked images around the black hole for face-on and edge-on cases, respectively. We also find significant CP components in the images ($\gtrsim 10\%$ in fraction), both with positive and negative signs, amplified through the Faraday conversion, not sensitively depending on the inclination angles. Furthermore, we find a "separatrix" in the CP images, across which the sign of CP is reversed and on which the LP flux is brightest, that can be attributed to the helical magnetic field structure in the disk. These results indicate that future full polarization EHT images are a quite useful tracer of the magnetic field structure. We also discuss to what extent we will be able to extract information regarding the magnetic field configurations, under the scattering in the interstellar plasma, in future EHT polarimetric observations of Sgr A*.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, and 1 table. Accepted for publication in PASJ
Can lagging countries catch up?
Creators: name: Schuh, G. Edward
name: Schuh, G. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Development

description: I am honoured to be invited to deliver the Simon Brand Lecture at these Annual Meetings of South Africa's Agricultural Economics Association. I especially liked the theme your organizers chose for the Conference. My congratulations on the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Association. I participated in the organization of the Brazilian Society of Agricultural Economics, and that too was about 40 years ago. You are a vital and vigorous profession - one that you can all be proud of.
Synthesis of furo[2,3-c]carbazoles as potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors
Creators: name: Uçar, Tugçe N. Uslu
name: Bingul, Murat
name: Sahin, Hasan
name: Kandemir, Hakan
name: Sengul, Ibrahim F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The carbazole-3-carbaldehyde 2, produced by N-ethyl carbazole via Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, was subjected to Dakin type oxidation with H2O2 and H2SO4 in methanol to produce the carbazole-3-ol 3. The reaction of 3 with a range of commercially available α-haloketones 4a–f in the presence of Al2O3 as catalyst in xylene led to their regio-selective cyclization to afford the furo[2,3-c]carbazoles 5a–f. Identification of the furo[2,3-c]carbazoles 5a–f were performed through 1H NMR,13C NMR, FT-IR and high resolution mass spectrometry. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to further confirm the structures of the some of the targeted compounds. In vitro antidiabetic activities of the newly synthesized furocarbazoles 5a–e were investigated utilizing α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The biological evaluation revealed the obvious efficiencies of the targeted molecules toward the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition with the potent IC50 values compared to the standard acarbose. In the case of α-glucosidase inhibition, the furo[2,3-c]carbazoles chloro substituted 5c and nitro substituted 5f were found to be more potent than acarbose with the values of 215.0 and 162.70 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the compound 5f was found to be only promising candidate for α-amylase enzyme but not as effective as the standard acarbose.
Optimization by Quantum Annealing: Lessons from hard 3-SAT cases
Creators: name: Battaglia, Demian
name: Santoro, Giuseppe
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Path Integral Monte Carlo simulated Quantum Annealing algorithm is applied to the optimization of a large hard instance of the Random 3-SAT Problem (N=10000). The dynamical behavior of the quantum and the classical annealing are compared, showing important qualitative differences in the way of exploring the complex energy landscape of the combinatorial optimization problem. At variance with the results obtained for the Ising spin glass and for the Traveling Salesman Problem, in the present case the linear-schedule Quantum Annealing performance is definitely worse than Classical Annealing. Nevertheless, a quantum cooling protocol based on field-cycling and able to outperform standard classical simulated annealing over short time scales is introduced.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRE
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PULMONARY BLOOD VESSELS DURING COVID-19
Creators: name: Muratov, Khаbіbulla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores morphological changes in the walls of pulmonary vessels caused by COVID-19 infection. During the 2021 pandemic, lung specimens from individuals who succumbed to the disease were taken from areas rich in blood vessels and histologically examined. The abundance of ACE2 enzyme in the endothelium of pulmonary vessels, extensive damage by SARS-CoV-2, the development of a powerful and diffuse dyscirculatory process leading to the emergence of endotheliitis, endotheliopathy, coagulopathy, vasculitis, microvascular thrombosis result in the development of diffuse hemorrhagic inflammation in lung tissue.
MPEC 2024-A107 : 2024 AO2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AO2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANIMAL TRACING IN THE CATTLE PRODUCTION SECTOR
Creators: name: Elbakidze, Levan
name: Elbakidze, Levan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: One of the options to prepare for a potential outbreak of an infectious livestock disease is to initiate an animal tracking system, which would provide information on animal movements and facilitate disease management. This article examines the benefits of implementing an animal tracking system in the context of a simulated cattle disease outbreak with and without animal tracking. Estimates are provided for some of the losses that would be avoided with an animal tracking system if an infectious animal disease were introduced. The results show that the economic efficiency of an animal tracking system depends on such factors as inter herd contact rates, effectiveness of animal disease response actions, and the extent to which an animal tracking system decreases the time of tracing animal movements. In case of a highly infectious animal disease outbreak substantial economic losses could be avoided if an effective animal tracking system is implemented.
Symmetries and novel universal properties of turbulent hydrodynamics in a symmetric binary fluid mixture
Creators: name: Basu, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate the universal properties of the nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) in a driven symmetric binary fluid mixture, an example of active advection, in its miscible phase. We use the symmetries of the equations of motion to establish the appropriate form of the structure functions which characterise the statistical properties of the NESS of a driven symmetric binary fluid mixture. We elucidate the universal properties described by the scaling exponents and the amplitude ratios. Our results suggest that these exponents and amplitude ratios vary continuously with the degree of crosscorrelations between the velocity and the gradient of the concentration fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate, in agreement with Celani et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 234502 (2002, that the conventional structure functions as used in passive scalar turbulence studies exhibit only simple scaling in the problem of symmetric binary fluid mixture even in the weak concentration limit. We also discuss possible experimental verifications of our results.
description: To appear in JSTAT (letters) (2005)
Stopping and reversing sound via dynamic dispersion tuning in a phononic metamaterial
Creators: name: Karki, Pragalv
name: Paulose, Jayson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slowing down, stopping, and reversing a signal is a core functionality for information processing. Here, we show that this functionality can be realized by tuning the dispersion of a periodic system through a dispersionless, or flat, band. Specifically, we propose a phononic metamaterial based on plate resonators, in which the phonon band dispersion can be modified from an acoustic-like to an optical character by modulating a uniform prestress. The switch is enabled by the change in sign of an effective coupling between fundamental modes, which generically leads to a nearly dispersion-free band at the transition point. We demonstrate how adiabatic tuning of the band dispersion can immobilize and reverse the propagation of a sound pulse in simulations of a one-dimensional resonator chain. Our study relies on the basic principles of thin-plate elasticity independently of any specific material, making our results applicable across varied length scales and experimental platforms. More broadly, our approach could be metamaterials and electronic heterostructures.
description: Pre-production and accepted version in Physical Review Applied. The link to the video mentioned in figure 5 of the paper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dfOst7r4s4&ab_channel=PauloseGroup
Comparing black carbon and aerosol absorption measuring instruments – a new system using lab-generated soot coated with controlled amounts of secondary organic matter
Creators: name: Kalbermatter, Daniel M.
name: Močnik, Griša
name: Drinovec, Luka
name: Visser, Bradley
name: Röhrbein, Jannis
name: Oscity, Matthias
name: Weingartner, Ernest
name: Hyvärinen, Antti-Pekka
name: Vasilatou, Konstantina
Publisher: name: Copernicus
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 - Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: We report on an inter-comparison of black-carbon- and aerosol-absorption-measuring instruments with laboratory-generated soot particles coated with controlled amounts of secondary organic matter (SOM). The aerosol generation setup consisted of a miniCAST 5201 Type BC burner for the generation of soot particles and a new automated oxidation flow reactor based on the micro smog chamber (MSC) for the generation of SOM from the ozonolysis of α-pinene. A series of test aerosols was generated with elemental to total carbon (EC / TC) mass fraction ranging from about 90 % down to 10 % and single-scattering albedo (SSA at 637 nm) from almost 0 to about 0.7. A dual-spot Aethalometer AE33, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX, 870 nm), a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP), a prototype photoacoustic instrument, and two prototype photo-thermal interferometers (PTAAM-2λ and MSPTI) were exposed to the test aerosols in parallel. Significant deviations in the response of the instruments were observed depending on the amount of secondary organic coating. We believe that the setup and methodology described in this study can easily be standardised and provide a straightforward and reproducible procedure for the inter-comparison and characterisation of both filter-based and in situ black-carbon-measuring (BC-measuring) instruments based on realistic test aerosols.
Assainissement et gestion des déchets au marché de Matete à Kinshasa
Creators: name: Ndala, Depardieu Depardieu
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Assainissement
Gestion
Déchet
Marché public
Matete
Kinshasa

description: Cette étude consacrée à l'assainissement et la gestion des déchets au marché de Matete à Kinshasa, s'est appuyée sur une enquête de terrain, de type qualitative et inductive. Je suis parti d'un projet de développement environnemental particulier appelé Kinshasa Bopeto, afin d'explorer les diverses attitudes des vendeurs et vendeuses du marché public situé sur la commune de Matete à Kinshasa. Le but était d'appréhender comment les acteurs locaux, précisément les vendeurs de ce marché réagissent aussi bien face aux nouvelles formes de gestion de l'espace public qu'aux nouvelles normes de salubrité, en partant de leurs logiques sociales respectives. Ensuite, j'ai cherché, d'une part, à identifier les facteurs qui expliquent la cohabitation de certains vendeurs avec les déchets et, d'autre part, les facteurs responsables d'éventuels écarts observés entre les objectifs assignés par le projet Kinshasa Bopeto et les résultats concrets obtenus sur le terrain. Les observations faites sur le terrain et les données des entretiens ont notamment révélé que les contraintes économiques et socioculturelles expliquent l'accommodation aux déchets de certains vendeurs. Les écarts entre les prescriptions du projet Kinshasa Bopeto et les résultats sur le terrain se justifient par les obstacles systémiques, les conflits de valeurs entre les acteurs et finalement la précarité des conditions de travail des employés de ce projet.
Science, Technology and Mission Design for the Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
name: Shao, Michael
name: Nordtvedt, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) is a Michelson-Morley-type experiment designed to achieve a major improvement in the accuracy of the tests of relativistic gravity in the solar system. By using a combination of independent time-series of gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the relativistic time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision respectively better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter γwith accuracy of one part in a billion - a factor of 30,000 improvement compared to the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor modifications of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We present a comprehensive discussion of the science objectives, proposed technology, mission and optical designs, as well as the expected performance of this fundamental physics experiment in space.
description: 56 pages, 32 figures, 5 tables. To appear in proceedings of the 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on "Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free: Technologies for Future Exploration in Space and Tests of Gravity," ZARM, Bremen, Germany, May 30-June 1, 2005
Un regard qualitatif sur l'appariement basé sur l'orientation sexuelle en thérapie et la relation thérapeutique
Creators: name: David, Athourina
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Relation thérapeutique
Minorités sexuelles et de genre
Appariement en thérapie

description: Les personnes LGBQ sont confrontées à des risques accrus de problèmes de santé mentale, d'automutilation et de dépendance. L'accès à des services de santé mentale adaptés est crucial pour résoudre ces problèmes. La recherche souligne le rôle central de la relation thérapeute-client dans l'efficacité de la thérapie. Cette étude qualitative examine les expériences de clients LGBQ dans des relations thérapeutiques où leur thérapeute partage une identité queer, examinant comment cette correspondance influence le développement et le maintien de la relation. Cette enquête tire des enseignements d'entretiens semi-structurés avec dix (n = 10) participants LGBQ dont les thérapeutes se sont également identifiés comme LGBQ. L'analyse thématique a révélé que l'appariement favorisait des espaces sûrs, l'authenticité et la validation, favorisant la confiance et l'acceptation de soi. Les clients appréciaient la divulgation de soi et la compétence culturelle. Des expériences non-appariés ont conduit à des attentes non-satisfaites et à un fardeau éducatif. Les clients ont discuté de facettes complexes de leur sexualité, en mettant l'accent sur la fluidité de l'orientation et des identités intersectionnelles. Les résultats suggèrent que l'appariement basé sur l'orientation sexuelle accélère potentiellement l'établissement de la confiance et favorise un sentiment de sécurité, ce qui a un impact positif sur la relation thérapeutique. En fin de compte, cette recherche vise à approfondir la compréhension des éléments de la relation thérapeutique propices à des résultats positifs pour les clients, façonnant potentiellement les pratiques pour mieux servir les personnes LGBQ.
Einstein gravity on an even codimension brane
Creators: name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Zegers, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give the equations of motion for a self-gravitating Dirac p-brane embedded in an even co-dimension spacetime. The dynamics of the bulk are dictated by Lovelock gravity and permit matching conditions, even when the codimension is strictly greater than 2. We show that the equations of motion involve both induced Lovelock densities on the brane and regular extrinsic curvature terms. The brane dynamics can be derived from an exact (p+1)-dimensional induced action. The Dirac charge is carried by an overall (solid) angle defect which sets the Planck scale on the brane. In particular, if the codimension is greater than the worldvolume dimension of the p-brane, we show that the extrinsic curvature terms cancel, leaving an exact induced Lovelock theory. For example, a 3-brane embedded in 8 or 10 dimensions obeys Einstein's equations with a cosmological constant.
description: minor changes, published version
Evolution of perturbation and power spectrum in a two-component ultralight axionic universe
Creators: name: Hsu, Yi-Hsiung
name: Chiueh, Tzihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of cosmic perturbations in a two-component ultralight axionic universe is investigated. We present the first spectral computation of perturbations in multi-component universes. A particular case composed of light extreme axions and free massive particles offers a possibility for the formation of very high-redshift massive galaxies, which are typically required to host massive early quasars. Our computation retains the information of perturbed velocities for individual axion components, opening a new avenue for setting up initial conditions for future axion dark matter simulations.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
ИҚТИСОДИЁТНИ РАҚАМЛАШТИРИШ ШАРОИТИДА ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИДА МОЛИЯВИЙ РЕСУРСЛАРНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ
Creators: name: Дусанов, Салим
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Жаҳон тажрибасидан маълумки, мамлакатда таълимнинг самарали тизимини йўлга қўймасдан, инновацион ривожланиш мумкин эмас. Мамлакатимизда ҳам сўнги йилларда барча соҳаларга инновацион ёндашув ва миллий иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш жараёни кечмоқда. Мазкур ҳолатни барча соҳалар қатори олий таълим тизимида ҳам кўришимиз мумкин. Бугунги кун талабига кўра, жамият, давлат, бозор ва таълим параллел равишда эмас, балки биргаликда ўз муаммоларини ҳал қилиши керак.
Market Performance of Selected Pulses in Myanmar
Creators: name: Thaung, Nyein Nyein
name: Choi, Kyu Seob
name: Thaung, Nyein Nyein
name: Choi, Kyu Seob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Myanmar pulses market
subject: market integration
subject: marketing margin
subject: marketing channel

description: This paper shows to investigate the performance and efficiency of marketing system of chick pea, green gram and pigeon pea in each selected townships. This study assessed the marketing channel, distributed marketing margins and spatial market price integration to evaluate the performance of pulses marketing in Myanmar. The result showed that producer received the largest net margin followed by the exporter, town wholesaler, wholesaler in Bayintnaung market and finally by the primary collector, pigeon pea marketing channel for Myittha contained primary collector, town wholesaler, Myingyan town wholesaler, Yangon and Mandalay wholesaler and exporter. MAPT also served as intermediate is for export. In this channel, the largest share of net margin kept by producers while the exporter had the share. However, wholesaler in Bayintnaung market, town wholesaler and primary collector reaped small amount of net margin. Among the all intermediateries, the exporters margin was highest for these selected pulses although the other margins were reasonable. The marketing inefficiency exists at the exporters level. It can be concluded that the lower marketing margin is the indicator of competitive and efficient market. The analysis of the two markets integration was to know the degree of co-movement of prices in spatially separated market. The assumption was that Mandalay current wholesale price depend upon the Yangon current wholesale price and taking one to five lags weekly wholesale price of both Yangon and Mandalay markets. The percentages of cointegrated can be seen 57% for chick pea, 65% for green gram and 85% for pigeon pea. It can be concluded that there exist the long-run co-integration for pigeon pea price correlation and moderately co-integration for both chick pea and green gram within the Yangon and Mandalay markets.
Condensates and pressure of two-flavor chiral perturbation theory at nonzero isospin and temperature
Creators: name: Adhikari, Prabal
name: Andersen, Jens O.
name: Mojahed, Martin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two-flavor chiral perturbation theory ($χ$PT) at finite isospin chemical potential $μ_I$ and finite temperature $T$. We calculate the effective potential and the quark and pion condensates as functions of $T$ and $μ_I$ to next-to-leading order in the low-energy expansion in the presence of a pionic source. We map out the phase diagram in the $μ_I$--$T$ plane. Numerically, we find that the transition to the pion-condensed phase is second order in the region of validity of $χ$PT, which is in agreement with model calculations and lattice simulations. Finally, we calculate the pressure to two-loop order in the symmetric phase for nonzero $μ_I$ and find that $χ$PT seems to be converging very well.
description: 11 pages and 6 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added
Deep Chandra and multicolor HST follow-up of the jets in two powerful radio quasars
Creators: name: Sambruna, R.
name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Donato, D.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Urry, M.
name: Wardle, J. F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep (70-80 ks) Chandra and multicolor HST ACS images of two jets hosted by the powerful quasars 1136-135 and 1150+497, together with new radio observations. The sources have an FRII morphology and were selected from our previous X-ray and optical jet survey for detailed follow up aimed at obtaining better constraints on the jet multiwavelength morphology and X-ray and optical spectra of individual knots, and to test emission models deriving physical parameters more accurately. All the X-ray and optical knots detected in our previous short exposures are confirmed, together with a few new faint features. The overlayed maps and the emissivity profiles along the jet show good correspondence between emission regions at the various wavelengths; a few show offsets between the knots peaks of <1". In 1150+497 the X-ray, optical, and radio profiles decrease in similar ways with distance from the core up to ~7", after which the radio emission increases more than the X-ray one. No X-ray spectral variations are observed in 1150+497. In 1136-135 an interesting behavior is observed, whereby, downstream of the most prominent knot at ~ 6.5" from the core, the X-ray emission fades while the radio emission brightens. The X-ray spectrum also varies, with the X-ray photon index flattening from ~2 in the inner part to ~1.7 to the end of the jet. We intepret the jet behavior in 1136-135 in a scenario where the relativistic flow suffers systematic deceleration along the jet, and briefly discuss the major consequences of this scenario (abridged).
description: 22 pages, 10 figures ps, 2 figures jpg, accepted for publication in ApJ
System Size Identification from Sinusoidal Probing in Diffusive Complex Networks
Creators: name: Tyloo, Melvyn
name: Delabays, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the most fundamental characteristic of a complex system is its size (or volume), which, in many modelling, is represented by the number of its individual components. Complex systems under investigation nowadays are typically large and/or time-varying, rendering their identification challenging. We propose here an accurate and efficient method to determine the size of (i.e., number of agents in) a complex, diffusively coupled dynamical system, that leverages the response of the system to an injected probing signal. For our method to be applicable, we rely on some assumptions on system's characteristics, namely, on the spectrum of the coupling graph and on the basin stability of its steady state(s). Even though such assumptions imply that our method cannot be applied to any instance of diffusively coupled group of dynamical agents, we argue that it covers relevant and interesting examples. Furthermore, the simplicity of the approach and its low computational complexity renders it very interesting for the systems to which it applies.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Externalities, Decreasing Returns, and Common Ownership
Creators: name: Simpson, R. David
name: Simpson, R. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: externalities
subject: mergers
subject: returns to scale
subject: incentives

description: Placing production units under common ownership is often suggested as a solution to the problem of externalities. This will not always be true when there are decreasing returns to scale. An atomistic industry could be more efficient than a monopoly in some instances. Even when the "optimal" industry configuration would involve a finite number of producers, no two may have appropriate incentives to combine. An omniscient and benign regulator can always assure a more efficient outcome than would result from the combination of private producers. Whether real-world regulators should be called upon, however, is less clear.
The ethnobotany and descriptive ecology of bitterroot, lewisia rediviva pursh (portulacaceae), in the Lower Thompson River Valley, British Columbia : a salient root food of the Nlaka’pamux First Nation
Creators: name: Bandringa, Robert W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Bitterroot, Lewisia rediviva Pursh, is a geophytic, leaf-succulent perennial endemic to the arid, intermontaine grasslands of western North America. Its fleshy tap root has been and remains an important food stuff for many indigenous groups, including the Nlaka'pamux First Nation in the Lower Thompson River Valley of British Columbia. Among the Nlaka'pamux, bitterroot's high salience as a root food vegetable is evidenced by its practical use as a powerful foodstuff delicacy and medicinal morsel. This is further heightened by traditional beliefs and mythologies linking it to human ancestry. Ethnobotanical texts of the Nlaka'pamux encode an array of sophisticated management strategies and harvesting techniques that have enhanced this plant resource. The surrounding anthropogenic influences were identified and openly weighed in direct connection with the autecology of the species throughout the Lower Thompson River Valley. Descriptive ecological sampling was undertaken at the floristic level alongside a number of environmental variables in order to evaluate the local status and community characteristics of bitterroot. The gathered data exhibited high levels of variability within and between populations, signifying adaptation to a disturbance regime likened to long-term, human-induced manipulation. These ethnobotanical and ecological findings serve to promote an integrated mediation of the cultural and vegetational aspects of the species.
Macroeconomics and Forest Sustainability in the Developing World
Creators: name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forests
subject: sustainability
subject: macroeconomics
subject: trade
subject: exchange rates
subject: structural adjustment

description: Governments often use fiscal, exchange rate, monetary policy as well as export promotion tax increases, privatization, and land reform as part of comprehensive adjustments packages for addressing economic imbalances, balance of payments, and structural weaknesses. Such approaches, however, have come under heavy criticism for failing to recognize the social and environmental costs associated with them. Critics have argued that economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased primary product exports increase pressure on many sectors, including the agricultural and forestry land use sectors. This paper examines a number of these types of external shocks. This paper makes two arguments. First, from a theoretical economic perspective, although in many cases structural adjustment programs can be expected to affect the domestic forest sector, in other cases they will not. Second, even when there is an impact on the forest, it need not be detrimental to environmental and ecosystem values. A sustainable forest system needs to provide wood, local environmental products and services, and global ecological services, but individual forests can specialize in some of these.
Edge spin accumulation in semiconductor two-dimensional hole gases
Creators: name: Nomura, K.
name: Wunderlich, J.
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Kaestner, B.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
name: Jungwirth, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The controlled generation of localized spin densities is a key enabler of semiconductor spintronics In this work, we study spin Hall effect induced edge spin accumulation in a two-dimensional hole gas with strong spin orbit interactions. We argue that it is an intrinsic property, in the sense that it is independent of the strength of disorder scattering. We show numerically that the spin polarization near the edge induced by this mechanism can be large, and that it becomes larger and more strongly localized as the spin-orbit coupling strength increases, and is independent of the width of the conducting strip once this exceeds the elastic scattering mean-free-path. Our experiments in two-dimensional hole gas microdevices confirm this remarkable spin Hall effect phenomenology. Achieving comparable levels of spin polarization by external magnetic fields would require laboratory equipment whose physical dimensions and operating electrical currents are million times larger than those of our spin Hall effect devices.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Spatially Structured Light for High-Dimensional Quantum Information
Creators: name: Hufnagel, Felix
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: quantum
quantum key distribution
quantum optics
adaptive optics
structured light

description: Encoding information on single photons of light is an important part of many quantum information applications. There are many photonic degrees of freedom which can be used for encoding quantum information, and we refer to these diverse states as structured light. Structured light is used for many quantum information such as quantum key distribution, entanglement distribution, sensing, and quantum walks. One advantage of structured light is that we can encode more than 1 bit of information on a single photon. This has obvious benefits for quantum communication in allowing one to increase the information density of the communication channel. However another benefit which comes out of the security proofs of quantum communication protocols is an increased tolerance to errors. This can be useful if one want to communicate in a noisy environment. In this thesis we focus on the transverse spatial modes of light, in particular the Laguerre-Gaussian modes and how these can be used for high-dimensional quantum protocols. This culminates in three works detailing new quantum protocols and the implementation of an adaptive optics system to improve key rates in free-space channels. We present a new protocol for quantum key distribution which is a high-dimensional extension of the round-robin differential-phase-shift protocol and experimentally demonstrate the protocol using Laguerre-Gaussian modes with an azimuthal index up to ℓ = 15. We also describe a high-dimensional extension to quantum certified deletion. First however, we discuss the liquid crystal devices that are used to generate these states and show the kinds of interesting light that can be produced. We detail an experimental demonstration of magic windows using liquid crystal devices, and show a new and optimal method for diffractive focussing which is confirmed experimentally with liquid crystal devices. We also present 2 works on photon pair sources which are a fundamental piece of quantum communication systems. We describe a method for tailoring the symmetry of momentum entangled states and show the full Laguerre-Gaussian mode correlations from an SPDC source. Many different technological steps are required for the implementation of quantum information protocols, and here we demonstrate advances across many of these steps from states preparation to source characterization to protocol implementation.
Weak Decays of Doubly Heavy Baryons: ${\cal B}_{cc}\to {\cal B} D^{(*)}$
Creators: name: Li, Run-Hui
name: Hou, Juan-Juan
name: He, Bei
name: Wang, Ya-Ru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ has inspired new interest in studying doubly heavy baryons. In this study, the weak decays of a doubly charmed baryon ${\cal B}_{cc}$ to a light baryon ${\cal B}$ and a charm meson $D^{(*)}$ (either a pseudoscalar or a vector one) are calculated. Following our previous work, we calculate the short distance contributions under the factorization hypothesis, whereas the long distance contributions are modeled as the final state interactions which are calculated with the one particle exchange model. We find that the ${\cal B}_{cc}\to {\cal B} D^{*}$ decays' branching ratios are obviously larger, as they receive contributions of more polarization states. Among the decays that we investigate, the following have the largest branching fractions: ${\cal BR}(Ξ_{cc}^{++}\rightarrowΣ^{+}D^{*+}) \in [0.46\%, 3.33\%]$ estimated with $τ_{Ξ_{cc}^{++}}=256$ fs; ${\cal BR}(Ξ_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΛD^{*+}) \in [0.38\%, 2.63\%]$ and ${\cal BR}(Ξ_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΣ^{0} D^{*+}) \in [0.45\%, 3.16\%]$ with $τ_{Ξ_{cc}^+}=45$ fs; and ${\cal BR}(Ω_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΞ^{0} D^{*+}) \in [0.27\%, 1.03\%]$, ${\cal BR}(Ω_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΞ^{0} D^{+}) \in [0.07\%, 0.44\%]$ and ${\cal BR}(Ω_{cc}^{+}\rightarrowΣ^{0} D^{*+}) \in [0.06\%, 0.45\%]$ with $τ_{Ω_{cc}^+}=75$ fs. By comparing the decay widths of pure color commensurate channels with those of pure bow-tie ones, we find that the bow-tie mechanism plays an important role in charm decays.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables; Published version
A Flexible Inventory Model for MSW Recycling
Creators: name: Louis, Garrick
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Louis, Garrick
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: municipal solid waste
subject: recycling
subject: inventory
subject: optimization

description: Most of the United States have laws mandating the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed; it uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost-effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.43 per ton of MSW generated based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the effectiveness of various strategies for increasing the recycling rate. These strategies include: reducing the transportation cost for recyclables, supporting the market price of selected secondary materials, and landfill bans on selected materials. This model may also be used to investigate the effect of market price changes on the portfolio of materials held in inventory for recycling.
Exact results on high-dimensional linear regression via statistical physics
Creators: name: Mozeika, Alexander
name: Sheikh, Mansoor
name: Aguirre-Lopez, Fabian
name: Antenucci, Fabrizio
name: Coolen, Anthony CC
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is clear that conventional statistical inference protocols need to be revised to deal correctly with the high-dimensional data that are now common. Most recent studies aimed at achieving this revision rely on powerful approximation techniques, that call for rigorous results against which they can be tested. In this context, the simplest case of high-dimensional linear regression has acquired significant new relevance and attention. In this paper we use the statistical physics perspective on inference to derive a number of new exact results for linear regression in the high-dimensional regime.
description: Most recent version accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Cimolomyidae
Creators: name: Sahni, Ashok
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1972
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Multituberculata
Cimolomyidae

description: FAMILY CIMOLOMYIDAE (MARSH, 1889c)
The family was proposed by Marsh (1 889c) but never defined. Clemens (1 963b) preferred to place the genus in the Ptilodontidae, incertae sedis. Material from the Judith River Formation, however, indicates that the genera Cimolomys and Meniscoessus are closely related and should be included in the family Cimolomyidae. The affinity of the two genera as cimolomyids had already been anticipated by Sloan and Van Valen (1965) in their discussion of the Hell Creek multituberculates. The family as here defined contains two genera, Cimolomys and Meniscoessus, and the following six species:
Cimolomys clarki, new species
C. gracilis Marsh, 1889b
Meniscoessus major (Russell, 1937)
M. robustus (Marsh, 1889b)
M. conquistus Cope, 1882
M. borealis Simpson, 1927a
The Cimolomyidae comprise medium- to large-sized multituberculates, with a tendency to increase in size in later forms. P 4 is a high, arcuate tooth, with fewer serrations than in most contemporary allotherians. The posterior two or three serrations of P4s in both genera are more distinct than the other serrations and may be deflected posteriorly; on the labial sides, grooves are present on or between these serrations and lead ventrally to a prominent posterolabial ledge containing one to three cuspules. P4 differs in the two genera. It is long and low in Cimolomys, but in Meniscoessus it is short and high. The internal row of Ml is well developed, terminating at or near the second cusp from the anterior end of the medial row. The species of these genera from the Judith River Formation are more similar to each other than they are to later species.
description: Published as part of Sahni, Ashok, 1972, The vertebrate Fauna of the Judith River formation, Montana, pp. 319-416 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147 (6) on page 370, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3382461
Small-scale CMB anisotropies induced by the primordial magnetic fields
Creators: name: Minoda, Teppei
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) produced in the early universe are expected to be the origin of the large-scale cosmic magnetic fields. The PMFs are considered to leave a footprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies due to both the electromagnetic force and gravitational interaction. In this paper, we investigate how the PMFs affect the CMB anisotropies on smaller scales than the mean-free-path of the CMB photons. We solve the baryon Euler equation with Lorentz force due to the PMFs, and we show that the vector-type perturbations from the PMFs induce the CMB anisotropies below the Silk scale as $\ell>3000$. Based on our calculations, we put a constraint on the PMFs from the combined CMB temperature anisotropies obtained by Planck and South Pole Telescope (SPT). We have found that the highly-resolved temperature anisotropies of the SPT 2017 bandpowers at $\ell \lesssim 8000$ favor the PMF model with a small scale-dependence. As a result, the Planck and SPT's joint-analysis puts a constraint on the PMF spectral index as $n_B
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, published in JCAP
A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism
Creators: name: Oates, Wallace E.
name: Oates, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental federalism
subject: environmental management
subject: environmental policy
subject: environmental regulation

description: This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in supporting research in environmental science and pollution control technology and in providing needed information and guidance to state and local governments.
Two stories outside Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics: Mori's q-phase transitions and glassy dynamics at the onset of chaos
Creators: name: Robledo, A.
name: Baldovin, F.
name: Mayoral, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First, we analyze trajectories inside the Feigenbaum attractor and obtain the atypical weak sensitivity to initial conditions and loss of information associated to their dynamics. We identify the Mori singularities in its Lyapunov spectrum with the appearance of a special value for the entropic index q of the Tsallis statistics. Secondly, the dynamics of iterates at the noise-perturbed transition to chaos is shown to exhibit the characteristic elements of the glass transition, e.g. two-step relaxation, aging, subdiffusion and arrest. The properties of the bifurcation gap induced by the noise are seen to be comparable to those of a supercooled liquid above a glass transition temperature.
description: Proceedings of: 31st Workshop of the International School of Solid State Physics, Complexity, Metastability and Nonextensivity, Erice (Sicily) 20-26 July 2004 World Scientific in the special series of the E. Majorana conferences, in press