Cochlorhinini Oman, 1943
Creators: name: Zahniser, James N.
name: Dietrich, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Cochlorhinini Oman, 1943
Fig. 16
Type genus: Cochlorhinus Uhler, 1876.
Diagnosis
Cochlorhinini are medium sized leafhoppers, with ground color greenish, yellow, brown, black, or ivory. They can be identified by the Y-shaped connective fused to aedeagus, male pygofer with one or more pairs of teeth, spines, or processes, male pygofer side excavated medially and scooplike, male segment X long and sclerotized laterally and sometimes ventrally and/or dorsally, and second valvulae with a median dorsal tooth.
Description
HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae. Anterior margin of head shagreen, glabrous, irregularly textured, or foliaceous. Frontoclypeus not tumid; texture shagreen. Clypellus widening apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledge absent. Ocelli present; close to or distant from eyes; on anterior margin of head.
THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.
WINGS. Forewing macropterous or submacropterous; appendix restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent.
LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with short, stout setae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatibia row PD macrosetae often long, nearly equal to or longer than half length of protibia. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae with one or more platellae or without platellae.
MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer; lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows; dorsally excavated to mid-length or nearly to base; side excavated medially, scooplike; usually with apical or subapical teeth, spines, or processes. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; macrosetae uniseriate laterally or irregularly arranged near lateral margin. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective present (paired or singular) or absent. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore; symmetrical or asymmetrical; sometimes dorsoventrally flattened or lamellate; sometimes with 2 or 3 pairs of apical processes. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y - or U -shaped; fused to aedeagus. Segment X relatively long, sclerotized laterally, and sometimes sclerotized ventrally and/or dorsally.
FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern strigate, concatenate, or reticulate; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula broad, gradually tapered; usually with dorsal median tooth; dorsal teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.
Geography and ecology
Distribution: Nearctic (western US), Neotropical (Cochlorhinus pluto Uhler, 1876, introduced in Chile). All are endemic to the western United States and are collected in grasslands, meadows, and forest edges and understories.
Remarks
Cochlorhinini contains 12 genera and 145 species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Ballana as sister to Cochlorhinus with moderate to strong branch support. Based on this result and on shared morphological characters (see Diagnosis above) and a western North American distribution, Allygianus, Allygiella, Ballana, Gloridonus, Limbanus, and Pasadenus are transferred to Cochlorhinini here. These genera do not possess some characters that previously helped to distinguish a more strict interpretation of the tribe (sensu Oman 1949): ocelli distant from eyes; metatarsomere I with some platellae. However the overall evidence from the molecular data, morphological observations (particularly the fused connective and aedeagus), and distribution support the placement of these genera in the tribe.
Cochlorhinini is potentially related to Koebeliini, Mukariini, Vartini or some Athysanini, but more data are needed to resolve its relationship to other tribes.
Selected references
Beamer (1940), Oman (1949), DeLong (1964).
Included genera
Allygianus Ball, 1936 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Allygiella Oman, 1949 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Ballana DeLong, 1936 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Calonia Beamer, 1940
Cochlorhinus Uhler, 1876
Drionia Ball, 1915
Eulonus Oman, 1949
Gloridonus Ball, 1936 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Huleria Ball, 1902
Limbanus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Pasadenus Ball, 1936 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini)
Penehuleria Beamer, 1934
description: Published as part of Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H., 2013, A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), pp. 1-211 in European Journal of Taxonomy 45 on pages 59-62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.45, http://zenodo.org/record/3822710