Phylladiorhynchus tiphys Rodríguez-Flores &amp; Macpherson &amp; Machordom 2021, n. sp.
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C.
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Machordom, Annie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Phylladiorhynchus
Phylladiorhynchus tiphys

description: <i>Phylladiorhynchus tiphys</i> n. sp. (Figs. 50K, 52) <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype.</i> New Caledonia, SURPRISES Stn DW 1395, 18.2933°S, 163.0316°E, 34–36 m, 13 May 1999: M 2.4 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-13794). <i>Paratypes.</i> New Caledonia. CHALCAL 2 Stn DW 80, 23.4500°S, 168.0333°E, 80–160 m, 31 October 1986: 2 M 2.4–2.9 mm, 1 ov. F 2.1 mm (MNHN-IU-2016-477). <b>Etymology.</b> From the name <i>Tiphys</i>, an Argonaut, son of Hagnias. The name is considered a substantive in apposition. <b>Description.</b> <i>Carapace:</i> As long as or slightly longer than broad; transverse ridges with dense short setae and few scattered long and thick iridescent setae. Gastric region slightly convex with 4 transverse ridges: epigastric ridge distinct with 2 median spines, scale between spines with thick setae, short scales laterally; anterior protogastric ridge not medially interrupted, nearly extending laterally to carapace margin; anterior mesogastric ridge not medially interrupted, laterally continuing to first branchial spine, interrupted by interception with cervical groove; anterior metagastric ridge scale-like. Mid-transverse ridge not interrupted, medially slightly depressed, preceded by a shallow or indistinct cervical groove, followed by 2 uninterrupted or minutely interrupted ridges, interspersed with 1 short lateral ridge and few short scales. Lateral margins straight or slightly convex, with 6 distinct spines: first anterolateral spine well-developed, reaching anteriorly to level of lateral orbital spine, second spine (hepatic) small, slightly dorsomesially from lateral margin, and followed by 4 branchial spines (3 anterior and 1 posterior). Rostrum leaf-like, horizontal, dorsally convex, [1.2]–1.7 × as long as broad, length 0.4 and breadth 0.3 that of carapace; lateral margins minutely serrated and convex, with well-developed supraocular basal spines and small subapical spines. Pterygostomian flap with anterior spine, upper margin smooth. <i>Thoracic sternum</i>: As wide as long. Sternite 3 moderately broad, 1.2–[1.5] × as wide as long, anterior margin convex, anterolaterally projected. Sternite 4 widely contiguous to sternite 3; anterolaterally smooth, surface depressed in midline, smooth; greatest width [3.0]–3.5 × that of sternite 3, 2.5–3.0 × as wide as long. <i>Pleon</i>: Elevated ridges with short setae and a few scattered long setae. Tergite 2 with anterior and posterior transverse elevated ridges; tergite 3 with anterior transverse ridge, posterior transverse ridge interrupted; tergite 4 with anterior transverse ridge; tergites 5–6 smooth. <i>Eye:</i> Eyestalk length about [1.1] × broader than long, peduncle distally setose, not distinctly expanded proximally, with few short transverse striae on lateral surfaces; cornea expanded distally, maximum corneal diameter [0.6] × rostrum width, as wide as eyestalk. <i>Antennule</i>: Article 1 slightly longer than wide, with 5 distal spines: distomesial spine well-developed; proximal lateral spine small, always present. <i>Antenna:</i> Article 1 with prominent mesial process distally not reaching lateralmost antennular spine. Article 2 with well-developed distomesial and distolateral spines. Articles 3 and 4 unarmed. <i>Mxp3:</i> Ischium with distinct distal spines on flexor and extensor margins. Merus [0.8] × length of ischium, with well-developed distal spine on extensor and flexor margins. <i>P1</i>: [2.4]–3.0 (males), 2.3 (females) × carapace length; subcylindrical, spiny and with long stiff setae; merus, carpus and palm with spines along mesial, dorsal and lateral surfaces, distal and mesial spines usually stronger than others. Merus [0.8]–0.9 length of carapace, [1.3]–2.0 × as long as carpus. Carpus 2.0–[2.5] × as long as wide. Palm [1.1]–1.2 × carpus length, 2.0–[2.2] × as long as broad. Fingers unarmed, [0.7]–0.8 × palm length, spine at hingepoint of palm-finger joint. <i>P2–4</i>: Stout, setose and spinose. Meri successively shorter posteriorly: P3 merus [0.9] × length of P2 merus, P4 merus [0.7] × length of P3 merus. P2 merus, [0.7] × carapace length, [3.5]–4.7 × as long as broad, 1.2 × as long as P2 propodus; P3 merus [3.9] × as long as broad, [1.1] × as long as P3 propodus; P4 merus [3.2]–3.5 × as long as broad, 0.9 × as long as P4 propodus; extensor margin of P2 and P3 with row of spines, proximally diminishing, with prominent distal spine; P4 extensor margin irregular, with some spines; flexor margin irregular, with distal spine on P2–4. Carpi with 4 spines on extensor margin on P2–3, unarmed on P4; distal spine prominent on P2–3, absent on P4; granules below extensor margin on lateral surface of P2–4; flexor margin unarmed. Propodi stout, [4.5–5.5]5.5–6.0 × as long as broad; extensor margin irregular, armed with 3 spines; flexor margin with 3–4 slender movable spines in addition to distal pair. Dactyli [0.6–0.7]0.5–0.7 × length of propodi, ending in incurved, strong, sharp spine; flexor margin with 5–6 movable spines. <i>Eggs</i>: Ov. F (MNHN-IU-2016-477) carried 17 eggs of 0.3 mm diameter. <b>Live colour.</b> Unknown. <b>Genetic data.</b> COI and 16S, Table 1. <b>Distribution.</b> New Caledonia, between 34 and 160 m. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Phylladiorhynchus tiphys</i> belongs to the group of species having 2 epigastric spines, 1 hepatic spine, and 3 spines on the anterior branchial margin. <i>Phylladiorhynchus tiphys</i> closely resembles to <i>P. zetes</i> from the French Polynesia (see the differences under the Remarks of this species). The specimens range in size from 2.1 to 2.9 mm postorbital carapace length.
description: Published as part of <i>Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C., Macpherson, Enrique &amp; Machordom, Annie, 2021, Revision of the squat lobsters of the genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) with the description of 41 new species, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 5008 (1)</i> on pages 136-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5008.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5157455