cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Remote Dipolar Interactions for Objective Density Calibration and Flow Control of Excitonic Fluids
Creators: name: Cohen, Kobi
name: Rapaport, Ronen
name: Santos, Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we suggest a method to observe remote interactions of spatially separated dipolar quantum fluids, and in particular of dipolar excitons in GaAs bilayer based devices. The method utilizes the static electric dipole moment of trapped dipolar fluids to induce a local potential change on spatially separated test dipoles. We show that such an interaction can be used for a model- independent, objective fluid density measurements, an outstanding problem in this field of research, as well as for inter-fluid exciton flow control and trapping. For a demonstration of the effects on realistic devices, we use a full two-dimensional hydrodynamical model.
Recovering Creativity: The Art of Mental Health Recovery [Exhibition Catalogue]
Creators: name: Paton, Joy
name: Linnell, Sheridan
name: Miller, Jane
name: Horsfall, Debbie
name: Hsu, Ching-I
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2018

description: This exhibition catalogue showcases artwork made by participants in the Recovering Creativity research project, an initiative of Flourish Australia and Western Sydney University. The project, Recovering Creativity: Understanding the role of art in mental health recovery through the voices and images of people with lived experience of major mental illness, was conducted from 2015 through to 2016.
Detecting small low emission radiating sources
Creators: name: Allmaras, Moritz
name: Darrow, David P.
name: Hristova, Yulia
name: Kanschat, Guido
name: Kuchment, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65R32, 60G35, 45Q05

description: The article addresses the possibility of robust detection of geometrically small, low emission sources on a significantly stronger background. This problem is important for homeland security. A technique of detecting such sources using Compton type cameras is developed, which is shown on numerical examples to have high sensitivity and specificity and also allows to assign confidence probabilities of the detection. 2D case is considered in detail.
Semi-classical model for the dephasing of a two-electron spin qubit coupled to a coherently evolving nuclear spin bath
Creators: name: Neder, Izhar
name: Rudner, Mark S.
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
name: Foletti, Sandra
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
name: Yacoby, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electron spin decoherence in a two-electron double quantum dot due to the hyperfine interaction, under spin-echo conditions as studied in recent experiments. We develop a semi-classical model for the interaction between the electron and nuclear spins, in which the time-dependent Overhauser fields induced by the nuclear spins are treated as classical vector variables. Comparison of the model with experimentally-obtained echo signals allows us to quantify the contributions of various processes such as coherent Larmor precession and spin diffusion to the nuclear spin evolution.
description: 14 Pages, some equations were corrected; Published July 27, 2011
From dwarf spheroidals to cDs: Simulating the galaxy population in a LCDM cosmology
Creators: name: Guo, Qi
name: White, Simon
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Lemson, Gerard
name: Li, Cheng
name: Springel, Volker
name: Weinmann, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply updated semi-analytic galaxy formation models simultaneously to the stored halo/subhalo merger trees of the Millennium and Millennium-II simulations. These differ by a factor of 125 in mass resolution, allowing explicit testing of resolution effects on predicted galaxy properties. We have revised the treatments of the transition between the rapid infall and cooling flow regimes of gas accretion, of the sizes of bulges and of gaseous and stellar disks, of supernova feedback, of the transition between central and satellite status as galaxies fall into larger systems, and of gas and star stripping once they become satellites. Plausible values of efficiency and scaling parameters yield an excellent fit not only to the observed abundance of low-redshift galaxies over 5 orders of magnitude in stellar mass and 9 magnitudes in luminosity, but also to the observed abundance of Milky Way satellites. This suggests that reionisation effects may not be needed to solve the "missing satellite" problem except, perhaps, for the faintest objects. The same model matches the observed large-scale clustering of galaxies as a function of stellar mass and colour. The fit remains excellent down to ~30kpc for massive galaxies. For M* < 6 x 10^10Msun, however, the model overpredicts clustering at scales below 1 Mpc, suggesting that the sigma_8 adopted in the simulations (0.9) is too high. Galaxy distributions within rich clusters agree between the simulations and match those observed, but only if galaxies without dark matter subhalos (so-called orphans) are included. Our model predicts a larger passive fraction among low-mass galaxies than is observed, as well as an overabundance of ~10^10Msun galaxies beyond z~0.6, reflecting deficiencies in the way star-formation rates are modelled.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. SQL databases containing the full galaxy data at all redshifts and for both the Millennium and Millennium-II simulations are publicly released at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/millennium
Randomizing genome-scale metabolic networks
Creators: name: Samal, Areejit
name: Martin, Olivier C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Networks coming from protein-protein interactions, transcriptional regulation, signaling, or metabolism may appear to have "unusual" properties. To quantify this, it is appropriate to randomize the network and test the hypothesis that the network is not statistically different from expected in a motivated ensemble. However, when dealing with metabolic networks, the randomization of the network using edge exchange generates fictitious reactions that are biochemically meaningless. Here we provide several natural ensembles of randomized metabolic networks. A first constraint is to use valid biochemical reactions. Further constraints correspond to imposing appropriate functional constraints. We explain how to perform these randomizations with the help of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and show that they allow one to approach the properties of biological metabolic networks. The implication of the present work is that the observed global structural properties of real metabolic networks are likely to be the consequence of simple biochemical and functional constraints.
description: 30 Pages, 6 Main Figures, 6 Supplementary Figures, 1 Supplementary Table
Curcumin production by engineered Escherichia coli biofilms
Creators: name: Azevedo, Ana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biofilm; Escherichia coli; Recombinant protein; Value-added compound; Curcumin

description: In recent years, microbial biofilms have emerged as a new generation of biocatalysts due to their potential for the production of value-added compounds such as recombinant proteins. The production of the recombinant protein curcumin using an artificial pathway in Escherichia coli was first described by Katsuyama et al., and subsequent studies have been performed to evaluate the potential of this pathway in suspended cell cultures. A curcumin concentration of 563 mg/mL was achieved using ferulic acid. Curcumin has been used as an antioxidant, flavoring agent and natural colorant in various food products. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature and induction conditions on biofilm development and curcumin production by E. coli JM109(DE3) cells harbouring the At4CL_DCS_CURS plasmid for the artificial synthesis of curcumin.
The biofilm assay was performed in 12-well plates with PVC surfaces for 7 days at different temperatures (30 ºC and 26 ºC), with and without induction with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and ferulic acid. Biofilm and planktonic states were monitored by the number of culturable cells in Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) and curcumin production by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The biofilm structure was also assessed using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
The results showed that the addition of IPTG and ferulic acid negatively affected the viability of planktonic and biofilm cells. Nevertheless, the curcumin production was about 12-fold higher in biofilms cells than in planktonic cells under the tested conditions. These preliminary data may be a promising indication that biofilms can be a good platform for the production of recombinant proteins and other value-added compounds.
title: Gendersensible Ausrichtung eines Sportunterrichts zum Thema Gesundheit: Handlungsempfehlungen für Sportlehrkräfte, Intervention und Evaluation
Creators: name: Jungheim, Lena
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gesundheit
subject: Gender
subject: Sportunterricht
subject: Heterogenität

description: Mädchen profitieren anscheinend stärker von gesundheitsthematischen Interventionen im Sportunterricht als Jungen (Ptack et al., 2020; Demetriou et. al., 2014). Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in der Sportpädagogik (u.a. Demetriou et al., 2014) eine geschlechterspezifische Vorgehensweise bei zukünftigen Maßnahmen zum Thema Gesundheit im Sportunterricht gefordert. Hier setzt die vorliegende Dissertation an. Es wurde das Ziel verfolgt, die sportbezogene Gesundheitskompetenz von Schüler:innen durch eine gendersensible, gesundheitsbildende Intervention zu entwickeln. Dazu wurde die Trias Sportunterricht, Gesundheit und Gender verknüpft und daraus Handlungsempfehlungen für Sportlehrkräfte entwickelt. Diese wurden im Rahmen einer Intervention mit Sportlehrkräften in selbst entwickelten Unterrichtsbeispielen umgesetzt und in Anlehnung an die Orientierungspunkte einer Programmevaluation in der Sportpädagogik (Sygusch et al., 2013) evaluiert.
title: Klinisch-experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Immunthrombose bei COVID-19
Creators: name: Staats, Léonie A. N.
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2025

description: Seit dem Jahr 2019 verbreitete sich das severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 weltweit und Millionen von Menschen infizierten sich entweder mit den Wildtyp-Stämmen oder mit den davon abgeleiteten zirkulierenden Varianten. In den überwiegenden Fällen lag keine oder lediglich eine milde Symptomlast vor. In manchen Fällen traten dagegen schwere Atemwegssymptome oder sogar Funktionsstörungen weiterer Organe als Reaktion auf das Virus auf, insbesondere bei älteren Menschen. Das Verständnis des Virus und seiner medizinischen Folgen, die Einschätzungen der Erkrankungsschwere von COVID-19, die Prognose und die möglichen Behandlungsoptionen waren in den vergangenen Jahren zentrale Aufgaben für die naturwissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft und werden auch weiterhin Gegenstand der medizinischen Forschung sein. Ziele dieser Dissertation waren klinische Marker und Prädiktoren für schwere Verläufe zu identifizieren und immunpathologische Mechanismen für eine potenziell überschießende Immunreaktion, insbesondere eine Immunthrombose, im Rahmen von COVID-19 zu untersuchen. Teilergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit sind in EBioMedicine [1] und Cells [2] veröffentlicht.
Statics and dynamics of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 ladders in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Bouillot, Pierre
name: Kollath, Corinna
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
name: Zvonarev, Mikhail
name: Thielemann, Benedikt
name: Rüegg, Christian
name: Orignac, Edmond
name: Citro, Roberta
name: Klanjsek, Martin
name: Berthier, Claude
name: Horvatic, Mladen
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate weakly coupled spin-1/2 ladders in a magnetic field. The work is motivated by recent experiments on the compound (C5H12N)2CuBr4 (BPCB). We use a combination of numerical and analytical methods, in particular the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique, to explore the phase diagram and the excitation spectra of such a system. We give detailed results on the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the specific heat, and the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate of single ladders. For coupled ladders, treating the weak interladder coupling within a mean-field or quantum Monte Carlo approach, we compute the transition temperature of triplet condensation and its corresponding antiferromagnetic order parameter. Existing experimental measurements are discussed and compared to our theoretical results. Furthermore we compute, using time dependent DMRG, the dynamical correlations of a single spin ladder. Our results allow to directly describe the inelastic neutron scattering cross section up to high energies. We focus on the evolution of the spectra with the magnetic field and compare their behavior for different couplings. The characteristic features of the spectra are interpreted using different analytical approaches such as the mapping onto a spin chain, a Luttinger liquid (LL) or onto a t-J model. For values of parameters for which such measurements exist, we compare our results to inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the compound BPCB and find excellent agreement. We make additional predictions for the high energy part of the spectrum that are potentially testable in future experiments.
description: 35 pages, 26 figures
Dilation theory in finite dimensions: the possible, the impossible and the unknown
Creators: name: Levy, Eliahu
name: Shalit, Orr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A20 (Primary), 15A45, 47A57 (Secondary)

description: This expository essay discusses a finite dimensional approach to dilation theory. How much of dilation theory can be worked out within the realm of linear algebra? It turns out that some interesting and simple results can be obtained. These results can be used to give very elementary proofs of sharpened versions of some von Neumann type inequalities, as well as some other striking consequences about polynomials and matrices. Exploring the limits of the finite dimensional approach sheds light on the difference between those techniques and phenomena in operator theory that are inherently infinite dimensional, and those that are not.
description: 13 pages. Final version, to appear in Rocky Mountain J. Math
High quality genomes of three Asian oak species
Creators: name: 杨钦淞(Qinsong Yang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Metabolome
Multispecies
Evolution

description: High quality genomes of Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, and Q. dentata reveal the genetic basis of hydrolysable tannin biosynthesis.
Coherent Neutrino Scattering in Dark Matter Detectors
Creators: name: Anderson, A. J.
name: Conrad, J. M.
name: Figueroa-Feliciano, E.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Spitz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent elastic neutrino- and WIMP-nucleus interaction signatures are expected to be quite similar. This paper discusses how a next generation ton-scale dark matter detector could discover neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, a precisely-predicted Standard Model process. A high intensity pion- and muon- decay-at-rest neutrino source recently proposed for oscillation physics at underground laboratories would provide the neutrinos for these measurements. In this paper, we calculate raw rates for various target materials commonly used in dark matter detectors and show that discovery of this interaction is possible with a 2 ton$\cdot$year GEODM exposure in an optimistic energy threshold and efficiency scenario. We also study the effects of the neutrino source on WIMP sensitivity and discuss the modulated neutrino signal as a sensitivity/consistency check between different dark matter experiments at DUSEL. Furthermore, we consider the possibility of coherent neutrino physics with a GEODM module placed within tens of meters of the neutrino source.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: Investigating cognitive performance and functional outcomes in early psychosis: measurement, screening, and prediction
Creators: name: Cowman, Megan
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: cognitive performance
subject: psychosis
subject: Arts, Social Sciences & Celtic Studies
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Many individuals with psychosis experience difficulties with social and occupational function. Given the economic, social and personal costs associated with psychosis, it is important to gain a better understanding of factors that are associated with functional recovery. While current pharmacological treatments are effective for ameliorating positive symptoms, there is little evidence that they benefit negative or cognitive symptoms of psychosis, both of which are likely to be associated with functional outcomes. As a potentially modifiable predictor of function, cognitive performance has the potential to inform new and better treatments. The overall aim of this thesis was to better characterise the relationship between cognitive and social cognitive performance and functional outcomes in early psychosis. Specifically, we aimed to estimate the association between cognitive domains and functional outcomes, and to identify cognitive and clinical subgroups in a cohort of individuals with first-episode psychosis. To enhance the clinical utility of this work, we aimed to investigate how cognitive impairment can be screened for, and how functioning can be better assessed. The findings of this thesis build on the evidence that treatments that successfully target cognitive deficits are likely to be important for improving functional outcomes in psychosis. In terms of measuring functional outcomes, findings suggest that more specific measures of social function are better able to detect changes in function over time and in response to treatment compared to more commonly used global measures. Cognitive and clinical cluster analyses suggest those with greater cognitive impairments and higher negative symptom severity are at highest risk for functional disability. In terms of cognitive screening, our findings suggest that cognitive functioning can be assessed quickly in a clinical setting using measures of memory. Overall, these findings highlight the value of assessing cognition as part of routine care, and the need for more tailored, cognitively focused interventions to optimise longer-term outcomes.
A Model for Non-Cancellation of Quantum Electric Field Fluctuations
Creators: name: Parkinson, Victor
name: Ford, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A localized charged particle oscillating near a reflecting boundary is considered as a model for non-cancellation of vacuum fluctuations. Although the mean velocity of the particle is sinusoidal, the velocity variance produced by vacuum fluctuation can either grow or decrease linearly in time, depending upon the product of the oscillation frequency and the distance to the boundary. This amounts to heating or cooling, arising from non-cancellation of electric field fluctuations, which are otherwise anticorrelated in time. Similar non-cancellations arise in quantum field effects iN time-dependent curved spacetimes. We give some estimates of the magnitude of the effect, and discuss its potential observability. We also compare the effects of vacuum fluctuations with the shot noise due to emission of a finite number of photons. We find that the two effects can be comparable in magnitude, but have distinct characteristics, and hence could be distinguished in an experiment.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Single-cell and full-length transcriptome reveals a novel unconventional lamprey T-like cell lineage characterized by MPL
Creators: name: 刘响(Xiang Liu)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate

description: The T-cell lineages of jawed and jawless vertebrates possess a resemblance functional response to antigens despite the molecular properties of the antigen receptors being completely different. T cells are divided into multiple functional subtypes stemming from their specific immune response and surface markers. However, the potential functionally lamprey T-like cell subsets and their ontogenetic relationship have remained largely uninvestigated. Here, we profiled the gills, intestines, and blood of Lampetra morii (L.morri) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with a full-length transcriptome as a reference. We showed that compared to B-like cells, T-like cells exhibit higher heterogeneity across tissues. In-depth analyses of T-like cells determined the presence of distinct subtypes, which differ in their transcriptome and tissue distribution. Notably, the homolog of nonlymphoid hematopoietic growth factor receptor MPL was detected in a T-like cell subtype (MPL+ T-like cells). Integrated cross-species analysis revealed that compared with other identified T-like cell subtypes, MPL+ T-like cells showed divergent transcription characteristics from zebrafish T cells. We extensively localized MPL+ VLRA+ T-like cells in the typhlosoles, gill filaments, and skin with immunofluorescence. Interestingly, we found that MPL+ VLRA+ cells proliferated in response to a classical T cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-L) and recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO). Further analyses prompted that MPL+ T-like cells originate from gills, and their activation may be mediated by MPL-JAK/STAT signaling. Our findings enable a better understanding of the adaptive immune response in jawless vertebrates and new insights into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
title: Modelling the stability of ternary solid dispersions
Creators: name: Albaqami, Modhi
Publisher: name: University Of Galway
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Modelling
subject: ternary solid dispersions
subject: Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
subject: Applied Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This thesis provides a mathematical analysis of the stability of some ternary solid dispersions using thermodynamic theory. Solid dispersions have been developed to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Traditional solid dispersions typically consist of two components - a drug and a hydrophilic polymer, the purpose of the polymer being to improve the solubility of the drug when administered orally. More recently, ternary dispersions (that is, systems with three components) have been developed. Ternary dispersions provide an extra degree of freedom to enable system designers to optimize both the stability and solubility properties of the dispersion. Unstable dispersions may phase separate, thereby limiting their shelf life. In this thesis, I mathematically model ternary solid dispersions with a view to identifying parameter regimes that lead to favourable and unfavourable stability properties for the dispersion. A systematic study of this kind has hitherto been lacking in the literature. The methodology used is as follows. The solid dispersions are modelled using Flory- Huggins solution theory, a well-established thermodynamic model in polymer science for polymer blends. The stability properties of the dispersions are determined by constructing phase diagrams using the Gibbs free energy of mixing. The phase diagrams determine whether a particular ternary composition is stable or unstable or metastable. The requisite numerical calculations to construct the diagrams are carried out by programs that I wrote using the mathematical packages Maple and MATLAB. Thermodynamic theory determines the broad character of the ultimate state of the mixture, but yields no information on how the mixture evolves to that state, or what the detailed character of the final state is for unstable compositions. To address these issues, a partial differential equations model is developed to describe the dispersion mixture evolution, and some simulations of this model are also presented. A few notable results are as follows. For polymer-polymer-drug ternary systems, it is found that for desirable stability properties to be possible, the two polymers need to be compatible (in a sense that has been described quantitatively). Also, the stability behaviour can be finely dependent on the asymmetry between how the two polymers interact with the drug. Closed loops of immiscibility are shown to be theoretically possible. For polymer-surfactant-drug ternary systems, it is shown that the stability behaviour can be sensitive to the character of the interaction between the polymer and the surfactant, and the molecular weight of the surfactant. Numerous other predictions are made.
An Alternative Approach for General Covariant Horava-Lifshitz Gravity and Matter Coupling
Creators: name: da Silva, Alan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C45 Quantization of the gravitational field

description: Recently, Horava and Melby-Thompson proposed in arXiv:1007.2410 a nonrelativistic gravity theory with extended gauge symmetry that is free of the spin-0 graviton. We propose a minimal substitution recipe to implement this extended gauge symmetry which reproduce the results obtained by them. Our prescription has the advantage of being manifestly gauge invariant and immediately generalizable to other fields, like matter. We briefly discuss the coupling of gravity with scalar and vector fields found by our method. We show also that the extended gauge invariance in gravity does not force the value of $λ$ to be $λ=1$ as originally claimed. However, the spin-0 graviton is eliminated even for general $λ$.
description: revtex4, 5 pages, typos corrected, references added, matches version published in Class. Quantum Grav
Meeting time distributions in Bernoulli systems
Creators: name: Akaishi, A.
name: Hirata, M.
name: Yamamoto, K.
name: Shudo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meeting time is defined as the time for which two orbits approach each other within distance $ε$ in phase space. We show that the distribution of the meeting time is exponential in $(p_1,...,p_k)$-Bernoulli systems. In the limit of $ε\to0$, the distribution converges to exp(-ατ), where $τ$ is the meeting time normalized by the average. The exponent is shown to be $α=\sum_{l=1}^{k}p_l(1-p_l)$ for the Bernoulli systems.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter I.1: Spin Chains in N=4 Super Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Minahan, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T60, 17A70, 82B23

description: In this chapter of "Review of AdS/CFT Integrability" we introduce N=4 Super Yang-Mills. We discuss the global superalagebra PSU(2,2|4) and its action on gauge invariant operators. We then discuss the computation of the correlators of certain gauge invariant operators, the so-called single trace operators in the large N limit. We show that interactions in the gauge theory lead to mixing of the operators. We compute this mixing at the one-loop level and show that the problem maps to a one-dimensional spin chain with nearest neighbor interactions. For operators in the SU(2) sector we show that the spin chain is the ferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain whose eigenvalues are determined by the Bethe equations.
description: 25 pages, see also overview article arXiv:1012.3982; v2: references to other chapters updated; v3: references added, typos fixed
Femtosecond dynamics of the collinear-to-spiral antiferromagnetic phase transition in CuO
Creators: name: Johnson, S. L.
name: de Souza, R. A.
name: Staub, U.
name: Beaud, P.
name: Möhr-Vorobeva, E.
name: Ingold, G.
name: Caviezel, A.
name: Scagnoli, V.
name: Schlotter, W. F.
name: Turner, J. J.
name: Krupin, O.
name: Lee, W. -S.
name: Chuang, Y. -D.
name: Patthey, L.
name: Moore, R. G.
name: Lu, D.
name: Yi, M.
name: Kirchmann, P. S.
name: Trigo, M.
name: Denes, P.
name: Doering, D.
name: Hussain, Z.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Boothroyd, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the ultrafast dynamics of magnetic order in a single crystal of CuO at a temperature of 207 K in response to strong optical excitation using femtosecond resonant x-ray diffraction. In the experiment, a femtosecond laser pulse induces a sudden, nonequilibrium increase in magnetic disorder. After a short delay ranging from 400 fs to 2 ps, we observe changes in the relative intensity of the magnetic ordering diffraction peaks that indicate a shift from a collinear commensurate phase to a spiral incommensurate phase. These results indicate that the ultimate speed for this antiferromagnetic re-orientation transition in CuO is limited by the long-wavelength magnetic excitation connecting the two phases.
description: Accepted by Physical Review Letters (Dec. 2, 2011)
Alps' Resonance Constant
Creators: name: Arslan, Alp
name: Arslan, Alp
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Alps Resonance Constant
Elastic Dark Matter
Multi-Body System
Chaos Suppression
Frequency Locking
Resonance Engineering
Classical Dynamics
Orbital Synchronization
Angular Momentum
FFT Analysis
Deterministic Stability
Stabil Chaos Engineering

description: This work introduces the Alps Resonance Constant, a novel universal resonance frequency (≈ 0.04995 cycles/day) observed in classical multi-body systems governed by elastic gravitational interactions.

By integrating Newtonian gravity with a short-range attractive elastic force, the system transitions from chaotic to synchronized behavior. The resonance frequency remains invariant across systems with 5 to 20 bodies, regardless of initial conditions.

This study provides theoretical background, numerical simulation results, and frequency-domain analyses to support the discovery of a new constant of motion in classical mechanics.

The implications extend to dark matter modeling, satellite formation dynamics, and resonance-based stability in complex systems.
A cryogenic waveplate rotator for polarimetry at mm and sub-mm wavelengths
Creators: name: Salatino, Maria
name: de Bernardis, Paolo
name: Masi, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mm and sub-mm waves polarimetry is the new frontier of research in Cosmic Microwave Background and Interstellar Dust studies. Polarimeters working in the IR to MM range need to be operated at cryogenic temperatures, to limit the systematic effects related to the emission of the polarization analyzer. In this paper we study the effect of the temperature of the different components of a waveplate polarimeter, and describe a system able to rotate, in a completely automated way, a birefringent crystal at 4K. We simulate the main systematic effects related to the temperature and non-ideality of the optical components in a Stokes polarimeter. To limit these effects, a cryogenic implementation of the polarimeter is mandatory. In our system, the rotation produced by a step motor, running at room temperature, is transmitted down to cryogenic temperatures by means of a long shaft and gears running on custom cryogenic bearings. Our system is able to rotate, in a completely automated way, a birefringent crystal at 4K, dissipating only a few mW in the cold environment. A readout system based on optical fibers allows to control the rotation of the crystal to better than 0.1°. This device fulfills the stringent requirements for operation in cryogenic space experiments, like the forthcoming PILOT, BOOMERanG and LSPE.
description: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. v1: 10 pages, 8 figures. v2: corrected labels for the bibliographic references (no changes in the bibliography). v3: revised version. 9 pages, 7 figures. Added a new figure. Updated with a more realistic simulation for the interstellar dust and with the latest cryogenic tests
How localized bosons manage to become superfluid
Creators: name: Dell'Anna, Luca
name: Fabrizio, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superfluid-to-Bose glass transition in a disordered Bose-Hubbard model through a very simple variational wavefunction: a permanent of non-orthogonal single-particle wavefunctions that are variationally determined. The transition is identified by the behavior of the superfluid stiffness. We also introduce a less rigorous but very enlightening criterium for the transition, which is related to the overlap matrix among the single-particle wavefunctions that are used to built the permanent. We find that the two criteria agree quite well. We finally consider a further quantity, the bipartite entanglement entropy, which also provides a good estimator for the superfluid-to-Bose glass transition.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, final version
Thermal effects in Jaynes-Cummings model derived with low-temperature expansion
Creators: name: Azuma, Hiroo
name: Ban, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate thermal effects of the Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) at finite temperature with a perturbative approach. We assume a single two-level atom and a single cavity mode to be initially in the thermal equilibrium state and the thermal coherent state, respectively, at a certain finite low temperature. Describing this system with Thermo Field Dynamics formalism, we obtain a low-temperature expansion of the atomic population inversion in a systematic manner. Letting the system evolve in time with the JCM Hamiltonian, we examine thermal effects of the collapse and the revival of the Rabi oscillations by means of the third-order perturbation theory under the low-temperature limit, that is to say, using the low-temperature expansion up to the third order terms. From an intuitive discussion, we can expect that the period of the revival of the Rabi oscillations becomes longer as the temperature rises. Numerical results obtained with the perturbation theory reproduce well this temperature dependence of the period.
description: 43 pages, 6 eps figures, Latex2e; v2: a new section about thermal effects of the counter-rotating terms is added
Metastable state in a shape-anisotropic single-domain nanomagnet subjected to spin-transfer-torque
Creators: name: Roy, Kuntal
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
name: Atulasimha, Jayasimha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the existence of a new metastable magnetization state in a single-domain nanomagnet with uniaxial shape anisotropy. It emerges when a spin-polarized current, delivering a spin-transfer-torque, is injected into the nanomagnet. It can trap the magnetization vector and prevent spin-transfer-torque from switching the magnetization from one stable state along the easy axis to the other. Above a certain threshold current, the metastable state no longer appears. This has important technological consequences for spin-transfer-torque based magnetic memory and logic systems.
Греческий гладиус в устье Индигирки
Creators: name: Валерий Валерьевич Лепов
name: Владимир Гаврильевич Попов
Publisher: name: Наука и техника в Якутии
Year: 2014
Subjects: АНТИЧНЫЕ МЕЧИ
ГЛАДИУСЫ
РУКОЯТИ

description: Находки античных мечей в Якутии.
Revisiting scaling properties of medium-induced gluon radiation
Creators: name: Arleo, Francois
name: Peigne, Stephane
name: Sami, Taklit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discussing the general case of a hard partonic production process, we show that the notion of parton energy loss is not always sufficient to fully address medium-induced gluon radiation. The broader notion of gluon radiation associated to a hard process has to be used, in particular when initial and final state radiation amplitudes interfere, making the medium-induced radiated energy different from the energy loss of any well-identified parton. Our arguments are first presented in an abelian QED model, and then applied to large-xF quarkonium hadroproduction. In this case, we show that the medium-induced radiated energy is qualitatively similar (but not identical) to the radiative energy loss of an "asymptotic massive parton" undergoing transverse momentum broadening when travelling through the nucleus. In particular, it scales as the incoming parton energy, which suggests to reconsider gluon radiation as a possible explanation of large-xF quarkonium suppression in p-A collisions. We expect a similar effect in open heavy-flavour and possibly light-hadron hadroproduction at large xF, depending on the precise definition of the nuclear suppression factor in the latter case.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. One error corrected in equation (3.6). Slight simplifications and minor additions in the text, one Figure added
Propagation of thermal excitations in a cluster of vortices in superfluid 3He-B
Creators: name: Hosio, J. J.
name: Eltsov, V. B.
name: de Graaf, R.
name: Krusius, M.
name: Mäkinen, J.
name: Schmoranzer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the first measurement on Andreev scattering of thermal excitations from a vortex configuration with known density, spatial extent, and orientations in 3He-B superfluid. The heat flow from a blackbody radiator in equilibrium rotation at constant angular velocity is measured with two quartz tuning fork oscillators. One oscillator creates a controllable density of excitations at 0.2Tc base temperature and the other records the thermal response. The results are compared to numerical calculations of ballistic propagation of thermal quasiparticles through a cluster of rectilinear vortices.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Field Evolution of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in a Superconductor with Strong Pauli Effects
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kenta M.
name: Tsutsumi, Yasumasa
name: Nakai, Noriyuki
name: Ichioka, Masanori
name: Machida, Kazushige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase in the vortex lattice state is quantitatively studied using the selfconsistent Eilenberger theory in three-dimensional (3D) space. We estimate free energy to determine the FFLO phase diagram in the H-T plane and stable FFLO wave number in the isotropic system with the 3D Fermi sphere and s-wave pairing. To facilitate the experimental identification of the FFLO state, we investigate the field evolution of NMR spectra and flux line lattice form factors obtained in neutron scattering in the FFLO vortex states. Possible applications of our results to experimental data on CeCoIn5 are mentioned.
description: 5pages, 4 figures. v2: accepted version for JPSJ
X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: a galactic-scale outflow
Creators: name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Jones, Christine
name: Forman, William R.
name: Kraft, Ralph P.
name: Lal, Dharam V.
name: Di Stefano, Rosanne
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Tang, Shikui
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Gilfanov, Marat
name: Revnivtsev, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on new and archival Chandra observations of the Sombrero galaxy (M 104), we study the diffuse X-ray emission in and around its massive stellar bulge. The 2-6 keV unresolved emission from the bulge region closely follows the K-band star light and most likely arises from unresolved stellar sources. At lower energies, however, the unresolved emission reaches a galactocentric radius of at least 23 kpc, significantly beyond the extent of the starlight, clearly indicating the presence of diffuse hot gas. We isolate the emission of the gas by properly accounting for the emission from unresolved stellar sources, predominantly cataclysmic variables and coronally active binaries, whose quasi-universal X-ray emissivity is recently established. We find a gas temperature of ~0.6 keV with little variation across the field of view, except for a lower temperature of ~0.3 keV along the stellar disk. We measure a total intrinsic 0.3-2 keV luminosity of ~2e39 erg/s, which is comparable to the prediction by the latest galaxy formation models for disk galaxies as massive as Sombrero. However, such numerical models do not fully account for internal feedback processes, such as nuclear feedback and stellar feedback, against accretion from the intergalactic medium. On the other hand, we find no evidence for either the nucleus or the very modest star-forming activities in the disk to be a dominant heating source for the diffuse gas. We also show that neither the expected energy released by Type Ia supernovae nor the expected mass returned by evolved stars is recovered by observations. We argue that in Sombrero a galactic-scale subsonic outflow of hot gas continuously removes much of the "missing" energy and mass input from the bulge region. The observed density and temperature distributions of such an outflow, however, continues to pose challenges to theoretical studies.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ, final version
Securing Safety: A Comparison of the Impact of SROs and Restorative Justice on Students’ Feelings of Safety and School Environment
Creators: name: Gray, Adina
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: This study explored the question: To what extent can restorative justice be considered a viable complete replacement for SROs in terms of students’ feelings of safety and school environment in all CPS high schools? Currently, CPS directs a large budget towards SROs, however, stakeholders doubt the effectiveness of SROs and warn of their disproportionately negative effect on marginalized students and students who have experienced trauma. CPS has begun to implement restorative justice, but there is doubt surrounding its effectiveness. This study used qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys with experts and members of Local School Councils surrounding opinions of the effects of SROs and interest in restorative justice. The findings of this study revealed that SROs provide few benefits to a school environment, while restorative justice is successful in preventing violence and safety concerns in schools. Generally, stakeholders felt that replacing SROs with restorative justice has the capacity to benefit student safety and school environment if schools are properly prepared to make the change. The results of this study support the policy recommendation that SROs should gradually be removed and replaced by restorative justice in all CPS high schools, in conjunction with the implementation of trust initiatives between students and staff and a safety plan involving community partnerships.
PROBLEMS OF DISPOSAL  OF MERCURY-CONTAINING WASTE
Creators: name: O.A. Sherstyuchenko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article discusses the disposal of hazardous waste. The negative effects of mercury on the human body and the environment are described. The system of collection and disposal of hazardous waste is shown using the example of St. Petersburg. The article highlights the centralized system of accounting and control of waste management of hazard classes 1 and 2. Particular attention is paid to issues of organizing the activities of the Federal Environmental Operator. Finally, some of the main problems in the disposal of mercury-containing waste are addressed.
Dynamics of an Alfven surface in core collapse supernovae
Creators: name: Guilet, Jerome
name: Foglizzo, Thierry
name: Fromang, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of an Alfven surface (where the Alfven speed equals the advection velocity) in the context of core collapse supernovae during the phase of accretion on the proto-neutron star. Such a surface should exist even for weak magnetic fields because the advection velocity decreases to zero at the center of the collapsing core. In this decelerated flow, Alfven waves created by the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) or convection accumulate and amplify while approaching the Alfven surface. We study this amplification using one dimensional MHD simulations with explicit physical dissipation. In the linear regime, the amplification continues until the Alfven wavelength becomes as small as the dissipative scale. A pressure feedback that increases the pressure in the upstream flow is created via a non linear coupling. We derive analytic formulae for the maximum amplification and the non linear coupling and check them with numerical simulations to a very good accuracy. We also characterize the non linear saturation of this amplification when compression effects become important, leading to either a change of the velocity gradient, or a steepening of the Alfven wave. Applying these results to core collapse supernovae shows that the amplification can be fast enough to affect the dynamics, if the magnetic field is strong enough for the Alfven surface to lie in the region of strong velocity gradient just above the neutrinosphere. This requires the presence of a strong magnetic field in the progenitor star, which would correspond to the formation of a magnetar under the assumption of magnetic flux conservation. An extrapolation of our analytic formula (taking into account the nonlinear saturation) suggests that the Alfven wave could reach an amplitude of B ~ 10^15 G, and that the pressure feedback could significantly contribute to the pressure below the shock.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Added a discussion of the energy budget in subsection 7.6