cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Aquarius: evolution of a Milky-way like system in the Fuzzy Dark Matter scenario
Creators: name: Nori, Matteo
name: Macciò, Andrea V.
name: Baldi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high-resolution zoom-in simulation of a Milky-way-like halo extracted from the Aquarius Project in the Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM) framework. We use the N-body code AX-GADGET, based on a particle oriented solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson equations, able to detail the complexity of structure formation while keeping track of the quantum effects in FDM. The halo shows a cored density profile, with a core size of several kpc for a FDM mass of $m_χ=2.5h \times 10^{-22}\ {\rm eV}/c^2$. A flattening is observed also in the velocity profile, representing a distinct feature of FDM dynamics. We provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of fuzziness on satellites in terms of abundance, mass, distance and velocity distribution functions and their evolution with redshift. Very interestingly, we show that all collapsed structures, despite showing a flat density profile at $z=0$, do not reach the solitonic ground-state at the time of formation: on the contrary, they asymptotically converge to it on a timescale that depends on their mass and formation history. This implies that current limits on FDM mass - obtained by applying simple scaling relations to observed galaxies - should be taken with extreme care, since single objects can significantly deviate from the expected asymptotic behavior during their evolution.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Ethanol: Economic and Policy Tradeoffs
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Michael
name: Reilly, John
name: LeBlanc, Michael
name: Reilly, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Ethanol
subject: energy
subject: production costs
subject: energy security
subject: environmental quality
subject: Clean Air Act
subject: octane enhancers
subject: farm income
subject: future technology

description: Federally supported ethanol use is one alternative for meeting environmental, energy security, and agricultural objectives. Additional expansion of the industry depends on a continuation of current favorable conditions, including extension of the Federal gasoline tax exemption. Under current conditions, ethanol should be able to compete with other additives as an octane enhancer. Expansion of the ethanol industry would increase ethanol's contribution to improving energy security, reducing air quality problems associated with carbon monoxide, and increasing corn prices. The report provides a basis for assessing the tradeoffs in using ethanol to meet national objectives.
Synthesis and characterization of H5decapa and related ligands
Creators: name: Arane, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Radiopharmaceuticals have provided a great breakthrough in tumor imaging and treatment, and the continued exploration in the field is required to make their use widespread. This vast potential lies in the variety of the radioisotopes, due to the different emission profiles and half-lives, and it is the chemist’s job to harness these isotopes into functional pharmaceuticals. Bifunctional chelators (BFC), that incorporate a radiometal into a ligand scaffold that is functionalized to target a specific biological site, provide a mode to access many of these isotopes: α, β-, or auger electron emitters for therapy, β+ emitters for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and γ emitting isotopes for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. The first requirement of a BFC is the thermodynamic stability and kinetically inert complex it forms with the isotope, especially in vivo. The Orvig group has discovered the promise of the ligands H₂dedpa for ⁶⁷/⁶⁸Ga and H₄octapa for ¹¹¹In, and has thus led to the idea of expanding this scaffold for larger radioisotopes. An improved synthetic scheme for H₅decapa, a decadentate ligand, allowed for thermodynamic testing and radiolabeling experiments to be performed with ⁸⁹/⁹⁰Y, ¹⁷⁷Lu and ⁸⁹Zr. H₅decapa showed promising serum stability over 5 days with ¹⁷⁷Lu, and was able to quantitatively bind ⁸⁹Zr after 30 minutes at room temperature. A bifunctional version of H₅decapa was synthesised, coupling para-nitroethylbenzene to the central nitrogen, for future conjugation to biomolecules. As well, preliminary investigation into creating a version of H₅decapa with hydroxamate groups catered to binding Zr⁴⁺ was undertaken.
Two Mathematically Equivalent Versions of Maxwell's Equations
Creators: name: Gill, Tepper L.
name: Zachary, Woodford W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a review of the canonical proper-time approach to relativistic mechanics and classical electrodynamics. The purpose is to provide a physically complete classical background for a new approach to relativistic quantum theory. Here, we first show that there are two versions of Maxwell's equations. The new version fixes the clock of the field source for all inertial observers. However now, the (natural definition of the effective) speed of light is no longer an invariant for all observers, but depends on the motion of the source. This approach allows us to account for radiation reaction without the Lorentz-Dirac equation, self-energy (divergence), advanced potentials or any assumptions about the structure of the source. The theory provides a new invariance group which, in general, is a nonlinear and nonlocal representation of the Lorentz group. This approach also provides a natural (and unique) definition of simultaneity for all observers. The corresponding particle theory is independent of particle number, noninvariant under time reversal (arrow of time), compatible with quantum mechanics and has a corresponding positive definite canonical Hamiltonian associated with the clock of the source. We also provide a brief review of our work on the foundational aspects of the corresponding relativistic quantum theory. Here, we show that the standard square-root and the Dirac equations are actually two distinct spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ particle equations.
description: Appeared: Foundations of Physics
Shake-up and shake-off effects in neutrinoless double-beta decay
Creators: name: Detwiler, J. A.
name: Robertson, R. G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the role of shake-up and shake-off effects in neutrinoless double-beta decay, following earlier work by Drukarev et al. We find in agreement with Drukarev et al. that the Q value of the decay is reduced by any atomic excitation in the final-state but not by the difference in atomic binding energy of the initial and final state atoms, as was recently suggested by Mei and Wei. We discuss how the absorption of subsequent atomic de-excitation ejecta shifts the neutrinoless double-beta decay peak back to its nominal value. We propose an in situ experimental verification of these ideas, and discuss the impact of shake-up and shake-off on two-neutrino double-beta decay spectral shapes.
Explosive nucleosynthesis: nuclear physics impact using neutrino-driven wind simulations
Creators: name: Arcones, A.
name: Martinez-Pinedo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present nucleosynthesis studies based on hydrodynamical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and their subsequent neutrino-driven winds. Although the conditions found in these simulations are not suitable for the rapid neutron capture (r-process) to produce elements heavier than A$\sim$130, this can be solved by artificially increasing the wind entropy. In this way one can mimic the general behavior of an ejecta where the r-process occurs. We study the impact of the long-time dynamical evolution and of the nuclear physics input on the final abundances and show that different nuclear mass models lead to significant variations in the abundances. These differences can be linked to the behavior of nuclear masses far from stability. In addition, we have analyzed in detail the effect of neutron capture and beta-delayed neutron emission when matter decays back to stability. In all our studied cases, freeze out effects are larger than previously estimated and produce substantial changes in the post freeze out abundances.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Talk at Nuclei in the Cosmos XI (Heidelberg, 2010), to appear in Proceedings of Science
Sex and strategy use matters for pattern separation, adult neurogenesis and immediate early gene expression in the hippocampus
Creators: name: Yagi, Shunya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) plays a crucial role for pattern separation and there are sex differences in the regulation of neurogenesis. Although sex differences, favoring males, in spatial navigation have been reported, it is not known whether there are sex differences in pattern separation. The current study was designed to determine whether there are sex differences in the ability for separating similar or distinct patterns, learning strategy choice, adult neurogenesis and immediate early gene (IEG) expression in the DG in response to pattern separation training. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single injection of the DNA synthesis marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and were tested for spatial pattern separation in a delayed nonmatching to place task using the 8-arm radial arm maze. Twenty eight days following BrdU injection, rats received a probe trial to determine whether they were idiothetic or spatial strategy users. We found that male spatial strategy users outperformed female spatial strategy users only when separating similar, but not distinct, patterns. Furthermore male spatial strategy users had greater neurogenesis in response to pattern separation training than all other groups. Interestingly neurogenesis was positively correlated with performance on similar pattern trials during pattern separation in female spatial strategy users but negatively correlated with performance in male idiothetic strategy users. These results suggest that the survival of new neurons may play an important positive role for pattern separation of similar patterns in females. Furthermore, we found sex and strategy differences in IEG expression in the CA1 and CA3 regions in response to pattern separation. These findings emphasize the importance of studying biological sex on hippocampal function and neural plasticity.
Collision-induced flavor instability in dense neutrino gases with energy-dependent scattering
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Chia
name: Duan, Huaiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the collision-induced flavor instability in homogeneous, isotropic, dense neutrino gases in the two-flavor mixing scenario with energy-dependent scattering. We uncover a simple expression of the growth rate of this instability in terms of the flavor-decohering collision rates and the electron lepton number distribution of the neutrino. This growth rate is common to the neutrinos and antineutrinos of different energies, and is independent of the mass-splitting and vacuum mixing angle of the neutrino, the matter density, and the neutrino density, although the initial amplitude of the unstable oscillation mode can be suppressed by a large matter density. Our results suggest that neutrinos are likely to experience collision-induced flavor conversions deep inside a core-collapse supernova even when both the fast and slow collective flavor oscillations are suppressed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes for clarification purposes
Consumer Demand for Dairy Products
Creators: name: Haidacher, Richard C.
name: Blaylock, James R.
name: Myers, Lester H.
name: Haidacher, Richard C.
name: Blaylock, James R.
name: Myers, Lester H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Rising consumer incomes and declining prices for dairy products relative to other foods caused most of the 2-percent average annual increase in per capita consumption posted from 1983 through 1986. Advertising, concern about health and nutrition, changes in demographics, and Government donations also affected consumption. But these influences were small for most dairy products, compared with the effects of changes in relative prices and consumer incomes. With the exception of cheese and lowfat milk, per capita consumption of dairy products in the United States either trended downward or stagnated for the two decades prior to the early 1980’s. Per capita consumption turned up, however, in the early 1980’s. Consumption of items such as lowfat milk and cheese showed further gains, and consumption of most other dairy products bottomed out or increased modestly. This report examines dairy market characteristics, the product composition of 1983-86 consumption increases, price and income effects on demand, and other factors affecting demand
Graph gauge theory of mobile non-Abelian anyons in a qubit stabilizer code
Creators: name: Lensky, Yuri D.
name: Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn
name: Aleiner, Igor
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stabilizer codes allow for non-local encoding and processing of quantum information. Deformations of stabilizer surface codes introduce new and non-trivial geometry, in particular leading to emergence of long sought after objects known as projective Ising non-Abelian anyons. Braiding of such anyons is a key ingredient of topological quantum computation. We suggest a simple and systematic approach to construct effective unitary protocols for braiding, manipulation and readout of non-Abelian anyons and preparation of their entangled states. We generalize the surface code to a more generic graph with vertices of degree 2, 3 and 4. Our approach is based on the mapping of the stabilizer code defined on such a graph onto a model of Majorana fermions charged with respect to two emergent gauge fields. One gauge field is akin to the physical magnetic field. The other one is responsible for emergence of the non-Abelian anyonic statistics and has a purely geometric origin. This field arises from assigning certain rules of orientation on the graph known as the Kasteleyn orientation in the statistical theory of dimer coverings. Each 3-degree vertex on the graph carries the flux of this "Kasteleyn" field and hosts a non-Abelian anyon. In our approach all the experimentally relevant operators are unambiguously fixed by locality, unitarity and gauge invariance. We illustrate the power of our method by making specific prescriptions for experiments verifying the non-Abelian statistics.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of telemedicine for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Creators: name: Xie, Weihua
name: Dai, Pinyuan
name: Qin, Yu
name: Wu, Ming
name: Yang, Bingquan
name: Yu, Xiaojin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist.
Parallel Mean Curvature Surfaces in Symmetric Spaces
Creators: name: Ferreira, M. J.
name: Tribuzy, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42, 53D40, 53A10

description: We present a reduction of codimension theorem for surfaces with parallel mean curvature in symmetric spaces.
Losing Chlordimeform Use in Cotton Production: Its Effects on the Economy and Pest Resistance
Creators: name: Osteen, Craig
name: Suguiyama, Luis
name: Osteen, Craig
name: Suguiyama, Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Bollworm
subject: chlordimeform
subject: cotton insect pests
subject: pyrethroids
subject: tobacco budworm
subject: pesticide regulation

description: U.S. consumers and producers could annually lose $148 million once chlordimeform, a cotton insecticide, is removed from the market. The action could accelerate the resistance of the bollworm and tobacco budworm to pyrethroids (a group of important cotton insecticides often used in conjunction with chlordimeform). If so, the U.S. consumer and producer loss could annually rise to $832 million. Pest damage would reduce cotton yields. Available alternative insect control measures, which are less effective and more expensive than chlordimeform and pyrethroids, would raise production costs. Reduced cotton production and acreage would raise cotton prices. So, some cotton producers would gain, while cotton consumers would lose. However, more corn, sorghum, and soybeans would be planted in place of cotton, lowering prices for those commodities. Thus, consumers of those commodities would gain, while producers would lose. If more effective alternatives to chlordimeform and pyrethroids became available, the economic effects of the removal would decline.
Connected $(n,m)$-Point Functions of Diagonal $2$-BKP Tau-Functions, and Spin Double Hurwitz Numbers
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiyuan
name: Yang, Chenglang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an explicit formula for the connected $(n,m)$-point functions associated to an arbitrary diagonal tau-function of the $2$-BKP hierarchy using computation of neutral fermions and boson-fermion correspondence of type $B$, and then apply this formula to the computation of connected spin double Hurwitz numbers. This is the type $B$ analogue of \cite{wy2}.
Spectral action, Weyl anomaly and the Higgs-Dilaton potential
Creators: name: Andrianov, A. A.
name: Kurkov, M. A.
name: Lizzi, Fedele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the bosonic spectral action emerges from the fermionic action by the renormalization group flow in the presence of a dilaton and the Weyl anomaly. The induced action comes out to be basically the Chamseddine-Connes spectral action introduced in the context of noncommutative geometry. The entire spectral action describes gauge and Higgs fields coupled with gravity. We then consider the effective potential and show, that it has the desired features of a broken and an unbroken phase, with the roll down.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
Macroderes politulus Preudhomme de Borre 1880
Creators: name: Abdalla, Ishtiag H.
name: Deschodt, Christian M.
name: Scholtz, Clarke H.
name: Sole, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Macroderes
Macroderes politulus

description: Macroderes politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880
(Figs. 15, 43, 52, 63, 92)
Macroderes politulus Preudhomme de Borre 1880: 11; Péringuey 1901: 302; Janssens 1939: 29; Ferreira 1969: 322; Frolov & Scholtz 2005: 383.
Type locality. South Africa, Caffria.
Type material examined. None. Type series is deposited in IRSNB (Frolov & Scholtz 2005).
Additional material examined. 1 ♂ (SANC): “ Macroderes politulus / Somerset E [East] / [32° 45' 43.95’’ S 25° 32' 28.51'' E] / Jan. 84 ”; 2 ♂♂ and 1 ♀♀ (UPSA): “ S. Africa / SW Cape / Oranjefontein farm / nr Darling / 33° 25' S 18° 26' E / 28.VIII. 1987 / ALV Davis // ex cattle dung baited pitfall in pasture”; 1 ♂ same data but the date of collection: 3.VII. 1987; 3 ♀♀ same data but the dates of collections as follows: 1 ♀: 7.VII. 1987, 1 ♀: 29.VII.1987, 1 ♀: 17 Sept. 1987.
Size range. Males length: 9.0– 12.2 mm, width: 6.3–8.6 mm; females length: 9.7–12.2 mm; width: 6.4–8.7 mm.
Differential diagnosis. This species is very close to M. porselinus new species in having elongated punctures of the pronotum (Fig. 63) as well as a punctuated lateral border of pronotum (Fig. 43). It is separated from M. porselinus new species by its rather narrower and less convex pronotum.
Habitat and distribution. The range of the species is restricted to an area located within the Fynbos Biome and characterised by Renosterveld vegetation types in the Western Cape Province (Fig. 2). These habitats are represented as one of the most threatened areas due to the intensive cultivation and removal of indigenous plants (Mucina & Rutherford 2006), which in turn might threaten the associated fauna.
description: Published as part of Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Deschodt, Christian M., Scholtz, Clarke H. & Sole, Catherine L., 2018, An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa, pp. 41-75 in Zootaxa 4504 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2606164
Study on the filters of atmospheric contamination in ground based CMB observation
Creators: name: Wu, Yi-Wen
name: Li, SiYu
name: Liu, Yang
name: Zhang, Zirui
name: Liu, Hao
name: Li, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmosphere is one of the most important contamination sources in the ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. In this paper, we study three kinds of filters, which are polynomial filter, high-pass filter, and Wiener filter, to investigate their ability for removing atmospheric noise, as well as their impact on the data analysis process through the end-to-end simulations of CMB experiment. We track their performance by analyzing the response of different components of the data, including both signals and noise. In the time domain, the calculation shows that the high-pass filter has the smallest root mean square error and can achieve high filtering efficiency, followed by the Wiener filter and polynomial filter. We then perform map-making with the filtered time ordered data (TOD) to trace the effects from filters on the map domain, and the results show that the polynomial filter gives high noise residual at low frequency, which gives rise to serious leakage to small scales in map domain during the map-making process, while the high-pass filter and Wiener filter do not have such significant leakage. Then we estimate the angular power spectra of residual noise, as well as those of the input signal for comparing the filter effects in the power spectra domain. Finally, we estimate the standard deviation of the filter corrected power spectra to compare the effects from different filters, and the results show that, at low noise level, the three filters give almost comparable standard deviations on the medium and small scales, but at high noise level, the standard deviation of the polynomial filter is significantly larger. These studies can be used for the reduction of atmospheric noise in future ground-based CMB data processing.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
Optical IFU Observations of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy NGC 4696: The Case for a Minor Merger and Shock-excited Filaments
Creators: name: Farage, C. L.
name: McGregor, P. J.
name: Dopita, M. A.
name: Bicknell, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep optical integral-field spectroscopic observations of the nearby (z ~ 0.01) brightest cluster galaxy NGC 4696 in the core of the Centaurus Cluster, made with the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) on the ANU 2.3m telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. We investigate the morphology, kinematics, and excitation of the emission-line filaments and discuss these in the context of a model of a minor merger. We suggest that the emission-line filaments in this object have their origin in the accretion of a gas-rich galaxy and that they are excited by v ~100-200 km/s shocks driven into the cool filament gas by the ram pressure of the transonic passage of the merging system through the hot halo gas of NGC 4696.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Possibility of Modeling the Very High Energy Afterglow of GRB 221009A in a Wind Environment
Creators: name: Ren, Jia
name: Wang, Yun
name: Zhang, Lu-Lu
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we model the dynamics and radiation physics of the rarity event GRB 221009A afterglow in detail. By introducing a top-hat jet that propagates in an environment dominated by stellar winds, we explain the publicly available observations of afterglow associated with GRB 221009A over the first week. It is predicted that GRB 221009A emits a luminous very high energy (VHE) afterglow based on the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) process in our model. We show the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis results of GRB 221009A, and find that the SSC radiation component of GRB 221009A is very bright in the 0.1 - 10 TeV band. The integrated SED shows that the SSC emission in the TeV band has significantly higher than the detection sensitivity of LHASSO, MAGIC and CTA. However, since the release of further observations, deviations from the standard wind environment model gradually show up in data. For example, the late-time multiband afterglow cannot be consistently explained under the standard wind environment scenario. It may be necessary to consider modeling with a structured jet with complex geometry or a partial revision of the standard model. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of GeV observations could break the degeneracy between model parameters, highlighting the significance of high-energy observations in determining accurate parameters for GRB afterglows.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, ApJ accepted version
Antimicrobial mechanism and the effect of atmospheric pressure N2 plasma jet on the regeneration capacity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
Creators: name: Wang, Jiaquan
name: Yu, Zhiyuan
name: Xu, Zimu
name: Hu, Shuheng
name: Li, Yunxia
name: Xue, Xiaojuan
name: Cai, Qiuchen
name: Zhou, Xiaoxia
name: Shen, Jie
name: Lan, Yan
name: Cheng, Cheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: This study systematically assessed the inactivation mechanism on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a N2 atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and the effect on the biofilm regeneration capacity from the bacteria which survived, and their progenies. The total bacterial populations were 7.18 ± 0.34 log10 CFU ml−1 in biofilms and these were effectively inactivated (>5.5-log10 CFU ml−1) within 30 min of exposure. Meanwhile, >80% of the S. aureus biofilm cells lost their metabolic capacity. In comparison, ∼20% of the plasma-treated bacteria entered a viable but non-culturable state. Moreover, the percentage of membrane-intact bacteria declined to ∼30%. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated cell shrinkage and deformation post-treatment. The total amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed to have significantly increased in membrane-intact bacterial cells with increasing plasma dose. Notably, the N2 plasma treatment could effectively inhibit the biofilm regeneration ability of the bacteria which survived, leading to a long-term phenotypic response and dose-dependent inactivation effect on S. aureus biofilms, in addition to the direct rapid bactericidal effect.
Magnetic wallpaper Dirac fermions and topological magnetic Dirac insulators
Creators: name: Hwang, Yoonseok
name: Qian, Yuting
name: Kang, Junha
name: Lee, Jehyun
name: Ryu, Dongchoon
name: Choi, Hong Chul
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) can host anomalous surface states which inherits the characteristics of crystalline symmetry that protects the bulk topology. Especially, the diversity of magnetic crystalline symmetries indicates the potential for novel magnetic TCIs with distinct surface characteristics. Here, we propose a topological magnetic Dirac insulator (TMDI), whose two-dimensional surface hosts fourfold-degenerate Dirac fermions protected by either the $p'_c4mm$ or $p4'g'm$ magnetic wallpaper group. The bulk topology of TMDIs is protected by diagonal mirror symmetries, which give chiral dispersion of surface Dirac fermions and mirror-protected hinge modes. We propose candidate materials for TMDIs including Nd$_4$Te$_8$Cl$_4$O$_{20}$ and DyB$_4$ based on first-principles calculations, and construct a general scheme for searching TMDIs using the space group of paramagnetic parent states. Our theoretical discovery of TMDIs will facilitate future research on magnetic TCIs and illustrate a distinct way to achieve anomalous surface states in magnetic crystals.
description: 10+36 pages, 4+23 figures, published version
Coagulation and Fragmentation in molecular clouds. II. The opacity of the dust aggregate size distribution
Creators: name: Ormel, C. W.
name: Min, M.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Paszun, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust size distribution in molecular clouds can be strongly affected by ice-mantle formation and (subsequent) grain coagulation. Following previous work where the dust size distribution has been calculated from a state-of-the art collision model for dust aggregates that involves both coagulation and fragmentation (Paper I), the corresponding opacities are presented in this study. The opacities are calculated by applying the effective medium theory assuming that the dust aggregates are a mix of 0.1μm silicate and graphite grains and vacuum. In particular, we explore how the coagulation affects the near-IR opacities and the opacity in the 9.7μm silicate feature. We find that as dust aggregates grow to μm-sizes both the near-IR color excess and the opacity in the 9.7 μm feature increases. Despite their coagulation, porous aggregates help to prolong the presence of the 9.7μm feature. We find that the ratio between the opacity in the silicate feature and the near-IR color excess becomes lower with respect to the ISM, in accordance with many observations of dark clouds. However, this trend is primarily a result of ice mantle formation and the mixed material composition of the aggregates, rather than being driven by coagulation. With stronger growth, when most of the dust mass resides in particles of size 10μm or larger, both the near-IR color excess and the 9.7μm silicate feature significantly diminish. Observations at additional wavelengths, in particular in the sub-mm range, are essential to provide quantitative constraints on the dust size distribution within dense cores. Our results indicate that the sub-mm index β will increase appreciably, if aggregates grow to ~100μm in size.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Quantifying $T$-gate-count improvements for ground-state-energy estimation with near-optimal state preparation
Creators: name: Pathak, Shivesh
name: Russo, Antonio
name: Seritan, Stefan
name: Baczewski, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the question of when investing additional quantum resources in preparing a ground state will improve the aggregate runtime associated with estimating its energy. We analyze Lin and Tong's near-optimal state preparation algorithm and show that it can reduce a proxy for the runtime, the $T$-gate count, of ground state energy estimation near quadratically. Resource estimates are provided that specify the conditions under which the added cost of state preparation is worthwhile.
Analyzing X-ray pulsar profiles: geometry and beam pattern of A 0535+26
Creators: name: Caballero, I.
name: Kraus, U.
name: Santangelo, A.
name: Sasaki, M.
name: Kretschmar, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We applied a decomposition method to the energy dependent pulse profiles of the accreting binary pulsar A 0535+26, in order to identify the contribution of the two magnetic poles of the neutron star and to obtain constraints on the geometry of the system and on the beam pattern. We analyzed pulse profiles obtained from RXTE observations in the X-ray regime. Basic assumptions of the method are that the asymmetry observed in the pulse profiles is caused by non-antipodal magnetic poles and that the emission regions have axisymmetric beam patterns. Constraints on the geometry of the pulsar and a possible solution of the beam pattern are given. We interpreted the reconstructed beam pattern in terms of a geometrical model of a hollow column plus a halo of scattered radiation on the neutron star surface, which includes relativistic light deflection.
description: accepted in A&A
Sensitivity of quantum gate fidelity to laser phase and intensity noise
Creators: name: Jiang, X.
name: Scott, J.
name: Friesen, Mark
name: Saffman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fidelity of gate operations on neutral atom qubits is often limited by fluctuations of the laser drive. Here, we quantify the sensitivity of quantum gate fidelities to laser phase and intensity noise. We first develop models to identify features observed in laser self-heterodyne noise spectra, focusing on the effects of white noise and servo bumps. In the weak-noise regime, characteristic of well-stabilized lasers, we show that an analytical theory based on a perturbative solution of a master equation agrees very well with numerical simulations that incorporate phase noise. We compute quantum gate fidelities for one- and two-photon Rabi oscillations and show that they can be enhanced by an appropriate choice of Rabi frequency relative to spectral noise peaks. We also analyze the influence of intensity noise with spectral support smaller than the Rabi frequency. Our results establish requirements on laser noise levels needed to achieve desired gate fidelities.
description: v3: added analysis of the Lambda configuration
A series resonant converter for voltage equalization of series connected supercapacitor. ultracapacitor or lithium battery cells
Creators: name: Yanqi, Yu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with great potential in many industrial applications. Although they are not as energy dense as batteries, they have much higher power density. This unique feature enables them to be used to provide bursts of energy in electric vehicle applications. They can be connected in parallel with batteries to source and sink dynamic energy which increases the lifetime of the expensive lithium batteries. Typically, the maximum voltage of a single supercapacitor unit is low, e.g. 2.5 V. In many applications, manufacturers need much higher voltages, e.g. 400 V, so it is necessary to connect supercapacitors in series. A series connection of supercapacitor cells can result in voltage imbalance between cells, since individual supercapacitors have different tolerances. Voltage imbalance can lead to damage of the individual supercapacitors and even the failure of the total energy storage system. Cell voltage equalization is a strategy to maintain the reliability of the supercapacitor pack. A single series inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant tank is proposed in this thesis for the voltage equalization of series connected energy storage elements. The circuit can be used for lithium battery cells, or supercapacitors, but the focus of the work targets supercapacitors. The circuit includes two levels of source connected MOSFET switches for the connection between resonant tank converter and each supercapacitor cell. A controller arranges supercapacitor voltages in descending order and makes a decision based on whether switches associated with the corresponding supercapacitors should be operated. If the voltage difference is higher than the pre-determined allowable value, the microcontroller sends pulse width modulation signals to gate drivers which control the on-off time of the MOSFET switches. Simulation results are presented using PSIM and demonstrate that voltage differences among supercapacitors can be removed fast. Experimental results show that the prototype of the proposed circuit can reduce a voltage deviation of 527 mV down to 10 mV in 15 minutes. The circuit is small in size, achieves a relatively short voltage equalization time and has minimal loss, therefore largely alleviating the problems inherent to existing voltage equalization converters.
Dynamic Fracturing and Fragmentation of Rock Materials: Effect of Strain Rate and Confinement
Creators: name: HU, WANRUI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mining engineering
Civil geotechnical engineering

description: Rock fracture and fragmentation under dynamic loads play an important role in determining the dynamic mechanical properties of rock materials and have been a significant research topic in the rock dynamics and engineering. With rapidly growing demand for exploiting resources and space towards underground at greater depth in civil, mining, petroleum and geothermal engineering, rock materials are frequently exposed to extreme environments with high strain dynamic loads and high in-situ stress. A combined experimental and numerical study is conducted in this thesis to elaborate on dynamic fracturing and fragmentation of rock materials under various strain rates and confinements conditions.The research findings will facilitate verification of the current dynamic experimental techniques, development of more efficient and rigorous numerical methods, and applications involved in large-scale rock dynamic problems.
Surplus Crop Production and the Small Reclamation Projects Act
Creators: name: Negri, Donald H.
name: Moore, Michael R.
name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Schluntz, Larry J.
name: Porter, Dick L.
name: Willhite, Ronald M.
name: Negri, Donald H.
name: Moore, Michael R.
name: Young, C. Edwin
name: Schluntz, Larry J.
name: Porter, Dick L.
name: Willhite, Ronald M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Irrigation
subject: production
subject: program costs
subject: Small Reclamation Projects Act (SRPA)
subject: surplus crops

description: The U.S. Department of the Interior's Small Reclamation Projects Act (SRPA) program, by providing aid to improve existing irrigation systems, can increase irrigated acreage and crop production. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's commodity programs concurrently use target prices and acreage restrictions to cut production of surplus crops, namely corn, sorghum, oats, barley, wheat, rice, and upland cotton. This report reviews the links between SRPA loans and surplus crop production, and associated commodity program costs. The apparent conflict between the two programs is minor. A small percentage of USDA commodity program expenditures can be attributed to SRPA loans, and SRPA acres produce a small portion of USDA surplus crops.
Quasi Regular Polyhedra and Their Duals with Coxeter Symmetries Represented by Quaternions II
Creators: name: Koca, Mehmet
name: Ajmi, Mudhahir Al
name: Shidhani, Saleh Al-
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we construct the quasi regular polyhedra and their duals which are the generalizations of the Archimedean and Catalan solids respectively. This work is an extension of two previous papers of ours which were based on the Archimedean and Catalan solids obtained as the orbits of the Coxeter groups . When these groups act on an arbitrary vector in 3D Euclidean space they generate the orbits corresponding to the quasi regular polyhedra. Special choices of the vectors lead to the platonic and Archimedean solids. In general, the faces of the quasi regular polyhedra consist of the equilateral triangles, squares, regular pentagons as well as rectangles, isogonal hexagons, isogonal octagons, and isogonal decagons depending on the choice of the Coxeter groups of interest. We follow the quaternionic representation of the group elements of the Coxeter groups which necessarily leads to the quaternionic representation of the vertices. We note the fact that the molecule can best be represented by a truncated icosahedron where the hexagonal faces are not regular, rather, they are isogonal hexagons where single bonds and double bonds of the carbon atoms are represented by the alternating edge lengths of isogonal hexagons.
description: 23 pages, 16 Figures
The causal effect of agricultural landscape simplification on Germany’s grasslands during a compound drought and heatwave in 2018
Creators: name: Ferro, Marco
name: Börner, Jan
name: Hüttel, Silke
name: Kowalski, Katja
name: Hostert, Patrick
name: Kis-Katos, Krisztina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Climate Change
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods
subject: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Drought
subject: Grassland
subject: Landscape simplification
subject: Former Inner German Border
subject: Fuzzy RDD

description: Preserving ecosystem services and economic and environmental benefits will require future landscape policies to identify and incorporate specific landscape features. In this paper we define the term, agricultural landscape simplification, as the reduced compositional and configurational heterogeneity characterized by lower diversity and smaller numbers, sizes, and simpler arrangements of agricultural land uses, which can impair multiple regulating ecosystem services. To examine the causal effects of agricultural landscape simplification on grassland drought impact, we derive a novel remote-sensing product to measure spatial variation in the impact of drought in grasslands during a prolonged drought and heatwave in 2018, and relate it to a multidimensional index of landscape simplification based on landscape metrics. Our causal identification strategy relies on a spatially explicit fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) and uses Germany’s former inner border as an exogenous predictor of agricultural landscape simplification intensity. We identify that a 10 % increase in agricultural landscape simplification is associated with a 7 % increase in grassland drought impact at the former inner border, and quantify the potential forgone revenues associated with the decrease in grassland productivity at approximately 52 € per ha. Our results suggest that identifying the full range of agricultural landscape simplification’s adverse environmental and economic effects would improve preventive landscape policy designs enhancing drought resistance and fostering climate change adaptation strategies.
Exoplanet albedo spectra and colors as a function of planet phase, separation, and metallicity
Creators: name: Cahoy, Kerri L.
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First generation optical coronagraphic telescopes will obtain images of cool gas and ice giant exoplanets around nearby stars. The albedo spectra of exoplanets at planet-star separations larger than about 1 AU are dominated by reflected light to beyond 1 μm and are punctuated by molecular absorption features. We consider how exoplanet albedo spectra and colors vary as a function of planet-star separation, metallicity, mass, and observed phase for Jupiter and Neptune analogs from 0.35 to 1 μm. We model Jupiter analogs with 1x and 3x the solar abundance of heavy elements, and Neptune analogs with 10x and 30x. Our model planets orbit a solar analog parent star at separations of 0.8 AU, 2 AU, 5 AU, and 10 AU. We use a radiative-convective model to compute temperature-pressure profiles. The giant exoplanets are cloud-free at 0.8 AU, have H2O clouds at 2 AU, and have both NH3 and H2O clouds at 5 AU and 10 AU. For each model planet we compute moderate resolution spectra as a function of phase. The presence and structure of clouds strongly influence the spectra. Since the planet images will be unresolved, their phase may not be obvious, and multiple observations will be needed to discriminate between the effects of planet-star separation, metallicity, and phase. We consider the range of these combined effects on spectra and colors. For example, we find that the spectral influence of clouds depends more on planet-star separation and hence temperature than metallicity, and it is easier to discriminate between cloudy 1x and 3x Jupiters than between 10x and 30x Neptunes. In addition to alkalis and methane, our Jupiter models show H2O absorption features near 0.94 μm. We also predict that giant exoplanets receiving greater insolation than Jupiter will exhibit higher equator to pole temperature gradients than are found on Jupiter and thus may have differing atmospheric dynamics.
description: 62 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables Accepted for publication in ApJ