cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE 1973 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAXATION CONCESSION REVISIONS ON AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Davis, Jeffrey S.
name: Davis, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: In recent years there has been considerable discussion of many aspects of taxation policy, this note attempts to add to this discussion by taking a broader outlook than considering merely those concessions or policies which have been changed. This is done by, firstly, considering some theoretical implications of taxation concessions, and particularly the concept of a "neutral tax" policy. Secondly, by outlining the possible situations when concessions may be justified. Thirdly, by giving a brief summary of the previous taxation concessions, their aims, whether these aims fit into the conditions under two above and their actual effects. Finally, in light of the theoretical considerations summarized in section 2, a brief assessment is given of the impact of those concessions which have been removed.
Electrostatic interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and charged electret fibre
Creators: name: Javidpour, Leili
name: Bozic, Anze
name: Naji, Ali
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While almost any kind of face mask offers some protection against particles and pathogens of different sizes, the most efficient ones make use of a layered structure where one or more layers are electrically charged. This electret layer is essential to efficient filtration of difficult-to-capture small particles, yet the exact nature of electrostatic capture with respect to both the charge on the particles and the electret fibres as well as the effect of immediate environment remains unclear. Here, we explore in detail the electrostatic interaction between the surface of a single charged electret fibre and a model of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Using Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatics coupled to a detailed spike protein charge regulation model, we show how pH and salt concentration drastically change both the scale and the sign of the interaction. Furthermore, the configuration of the few spike proteins closest to the electret fibre turns out to be as important for the strength of the interaction as their total number on the virus, a direct consequence of spike protein charge regulation. The results of our work elucidate the details of virus electrostatics and contribute to the general understanding of efficient virus filtration mechanisms.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; 3 pages and 2 figures of SI
Solutions for correlations along the coexistence curve and at the critical point of a kagomé lattice gas with three-particle interactions
Creators: name: Barry, J. H.
name: Muttalib, K. A.
name: Tanaka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional (d=2) kagomé lattice gas model with attractive three-particle interactions around each triangular face of the kagomé lattice. Exact solutions are obtained for multiparticle correlations along the liquid and vapor branches of the coexistence curve and at criticality. The correlation solutions are also determined along the continuation of the curvilinear diameter of the coexistence region into the disordered fluid region. The method generates a linear algebraic system of correlation identities with coefficients dependent only upon the interaction parameter. Using a priori knowledge of pertinent solutions for the density and elementary triplet correlation, one finds a closed and linearly independent set of correlation identities defined upon a spatially compact nine-site cluster of the kagomé lattice. Resulting exact solution curves of the correlations are plotted and discussed as functions of the temperature, and are compared with corresponding results in a traditional kagomé lattice gas having nearest-neighbor pair interactions. An example of application for the multiparticle correlations is demonstrated in cavitation theory.
Patent System and Artificial Intelligence: Towards a New Concept of Inventorship?
Creators: name: Cifrodelli, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The objective of this work is to answer the question whether an AI can be considered an inventor, as can a human, through a methodological approach which analyses different documents that are mostly secondary sources, but also case-law and legislation. The answer is negative: there is no such thing as a new concept of AI inventorship for now. In particular, although there have been attempts by some authors - defined as the “classic literature” - to consider AI as creative and thus capable of generating inventions (the so-called “AI-generated” inventions), a more careful “technical” literature states that AI systems operate through a different intelligence than the human one, and this philosophical difference can be practically envisaged not only in the current case-law of the EPO, but also in the way machines operate in our reality. Indeed, the computational problem solving mechanism requires the human contribution, especially in the phases of abstraction/modelling, defining an algorithm and programming. Therefore, even the most sophisticated soft-computing methods, such as ANNs and EAs, cannot be considered autonomous. However, this work will not completely underestimate the possibility that in the future there could be something such as an AI inventorship. Unfortunately, not only the very important incentive justification but also other classic IP theories (fairness, personality, and culture) would not be compatible with this hypothetical AI inventorship. As a consequence, the current patent system should be reformed through the implementation of a tailoring approach. The problem is that, in order to do so, legislators and judges should be aware of the optimal patent strength of each industry. However, the information about R&D costs, risk of failure, and level of innovation, is very difficult to obtain. Given this impossibility to reform the patent system, other ways through which AI inventorship can be protected will be mentioned. This working paper is a part of the "Outstanding LLM Dissertations 2021".
Cleavage site specificity of the tomato ringspot nepovirus protease
Creators: name: Carrier, Karma James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV) encodes two polyproteins, which are processed by a 3C-like protease at specific cleavage sites. In this study two new cleavage sites have been identified: the cleavage site between the protease and putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pro-Pol), which is processed in cis and the cleavage site at the N-terminus of the movement protein (X-MP), which is cleaved in trans. A new trans-cleavage site was also localized in the N - terminal region of the polyprotein encoded by RNA-2 (P2) using partial cDNA clones and in vitro translations systems. These results suggest that at least two proteins are released from the region of P2 upstream of the movement proteia In contrast, only one protein is released from this region of P2 in characterized nepoviruses of subgroup A/B. Comparison of the sequence of the X-MP and Pro-Pol cleavage sites to that of other TomRSV cleavage sites allowed us to propose the following cleavage site consensus sequence for the TomRSV protease: (Cys,Val)- Gln/(Ser,Gly). This consensus is similar to cleavage sites recognized by proteases from picornaviruses, potyviruses and comoviruses but not to those from nepoviruses of subgroups A or B. Amino acid substitutions were introduced in the -6 to +1 positions of the Pro-Pol and XMP cleavage sites. Substitution of conserved amino acids at the -2, -1 and +1 positions resulted in a significant reduction of proteolytic processing in vitro in both cleavage sites suggesting that these amino acids play a key role in the recognition of the cleavage sites by the protease. The effects of individual substitutions were stronger on the cleavage site processed in trans than on the one processed in cis. It has been predicted that the specificity of the TomRSV protease for cleavage sites similar to those of picornaviruses, potyviruses and comoviruses is due to the presence of a conserved His residue in the substrate-binding pocket. However, substituting this His residue in the TomRSV protease with a Leu found at a similar position in the proteases of nepovirus subgroups A and B did not allow recognition of cleavage sites in which amino acids typical of cleavage sites from those nepoviruses were introduced.
The Influence of Interatomic Bonding Potentials on Detonation Properties
Creators: name: Heim, Andrew J.
name: Grønbech-Jensen, Niels
name: Germann, Timothy C.
name: Kober, Edward M.
name: Holian, Brad Lee
name: Lomdahl, Peter S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of macroscopic detonation properties of a two-dimensional diatomic (AB) molecular system on the fundamental properties of the molecule were investigated. This includes examining the detonation velocity, reaction zone thickness, and critical width as a function of the exothermicity of the gas-phase reaction and the gas-phase dissociation energy for. Following previous work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a reactive empirical bond-order potential were used to characterize the shock-induced response of a diatomic AB molecular solid, which exothermically reacts to produce gaseous products. MD simulations reveal that there is a linear dependence between the square of the detonation velocity and each of these molecular parameters. The detonation velocities were shown to be consistent with the Chapman-Jouguet model, demonstrating that these dependencies arise from how the Equation of State of the products and reactants are affected.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures
title: Electrical Recording of Effects of Chemotherapeutic Treatment on Cancer Spheroids
Creators: name: Ell, Maximilian Friedrich
name: Bui, Mai Thu
name: Prado Lopez, Sonia
name: Zeck, Günther
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: Microelectrodes
Spectroscopy
Power system measurements
Adhesives
Optical recording
Optical sensors
Optical noise
CMOS-based microelectrode arrays
Cell adhesion noise spectroscopy
Colorectal cancer cells
Spheroids
Anti-cancer therapeutics

description: Monitoring cells on substrates time-continuously without relying on optical microscopy imaging is of broad interest in biotechnological applications. We propose an approach to electrically investigate cytotoxic effects of a chemotherapeutic treatment on cancer cells using cell adhesion noise spectroscopy. Recordings are taken with high-density microelectrode arrays, data are analyzed in terms of spectral power density.
Establishment and Maintenance of Roadside Plantings and Turf
Creators: name: Franks, Kenneth N.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A series of experimental investigations initiated by the Kentucky Highway Department over a six-year period were designed for the purpose of studying the I adaptability, establishment, and maintenance of roadside plantings and turf, including the stabilization and management of roadside soils.
Mechanisms behind large Gilbert damping anisotropies
Creators: name: Miranda, I. P.
name: Klautau, A. B.
name: Bergman, A.
name: Thonig, D.
name: Petrilli, H. M.
name: Eriksson, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method with which to calculate the Gilbert damping parameter from a real-space electronic structure method is reported here. The anisotropy of the Gilbert damping with respect to the magnetic moment direction and local chemical environment is calculated for bulk and surfaces of Fe$_{50}$Co$_{50}$ alloys from first principles electronic structure in a real space formulation. The size of the damping anisotropy for Fe$_{50}$Co$_{50}$ alloys is demonstrated to be significant. Depending on details of the simulations, it reaches a maximum-minimum damping ratio as high as 200%. Several microscopic origins of the strongly enhanced Gilbert damping anisotropy have been examined, where in particular interface/surface effects stand out, as do local distortions of the crystal structure. Although theory does not reproduce the experimentally reported high ratio of 400% [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 117203 (2019)], it nevertheless identifies microscopic mechanisms that can lead to huge damping anisotropies.
Sheared force-networks: anisotropies, yielding and geometry
Creators: name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
name: Ellenbroek, Wouter G.
name: Vlugt, Thijs. J. H.
name: van Hecke, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario for yielding of granular matter is presented by considering the ensemble of force networks for a given contact network and applied shear stress $τ$. As $τ$ is increased, the probability distribution of contact forces becomes highly anisotropic, the difference between average contact forces along minor and major axis grows, and the allowed networks span a shrinking subspace of all force-networks. Eventually, contacts start to break, and at the yielding shear stress, the packing becomes effectively isostatic. The size of the allowed subspace exhibits simple scaling properties, which lead to a prediction of the yield stress for packings of arbitrary contact number.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Testing the sources of the peculiar abundances in globular clusters
Creators: name: Vaca, Ricardo J.
name: Cabrera-Ziri, Ivan
name: C., Gladis Magris
name: Bastian, Nate
name: Salaris, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work aims to analyze some of the polluters proposed in the self-enrichment scenarios put forward to explain the multiple populations in globular clusters (GCs), extending previous studies. Three scenarios with different polluter stars were tested: asymptotic giant branch stars, high-mass interacting binaries, and fast rotating massive stars. With abundance data available from the APOGEE survey and $ΔY$ estimates from precise HST photometry, twenty-six clusters were studied. We also included the study of the abundances of N, C, Mg and Al, extending previous studies that focused mainly on the abundances of He, O and Na. In addition, we constructed an empirical model to test whether one could explain the chemical signatures of the 'enriched' population of GC stars with a fixed source and dilution process based on empirical data. In agreement with work by other authors, we found that the proposed polluters can generally predict the qualitative abundance patterns in GC stars and in some cases quantitatively predict some elements, but in most cases when we compare the model yields with the observations, we find that they can not explain the entire set of observed abundance patterns. The empirical model succeeds in reproducing the abundances of Al for a given $ΔY$ (and vice versa), showing that there is a direct relationship between Al and He, with one increasing proportionally to the other. However, the empirical model fails to reproduce the observed abundances of Na and N, in agreement with the results of previous works. The observed decoupling between the maximum abundances of CNO-cycle elements like N and Na with those of Al and He provides new information and constraints for future models and could take us a step closer to understanding the origin of the peculiar abundance variations of globular cluster stars.
Fundamental limitations to no-jerk gearshifts of multi-speed transmission architectures in electric vehicles
Creators: name: Beaudoin, Marc-Antoine
name: Boulet, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multi-speed transmissions can enhance the performance and reduce the overall cost of an electric vehicle, but they also introduce a challenge: avoiding gearshift jerk, which may sometimes prove to be impossible in the presence of motor and clutch saturation. In this article, we introduce three theorems that explicitly define the fundamental limitations to no-jerk gearshifts resulting from motor or actuator saturation. We compare gearshifts that consist of transferring transmission torque from one friction clutch to another, to the case in which one of the clutches is a one-way clutch. We show that systems with a one-way clutch are more prone to motor saturation, causing gearshift jerk to be more often inevitable. We also study the influence of planetary gearsets on the gearshift dynamical trajectories, and expose the impact on the no-jerk limitations. This work offers tools to compare transmission architectures during the conceptual design phase of a new electric vehicle.
Stability Analysis of Slide at Milepost 152.7, I 64, Carter County
Creators: name: Girdler, Harry F.
name: Hopkins, Tommy C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A visual inspection of a slide near Milepost 153 on I 64 was made April 11, 1972, and reported in a memorandum prepared by B. H. Banks on April 12, 1972. The Division of Research made recommendations for correcting this situation in a memorandum to A. R. Romine on June 30, 1972. These recommendations were based on a limited field investigation and a stability analysis of a proposed berm to be located near Station 3483+00. In a letter dated August 18, 1972, Mr. A. J. Horner of FHWA requested borings be made at the site to establish rock depth and to obtain samples for triaxial testing. That correspondence indicated that, to be eligible for FAI participation, a more complete analysis of the slip would be needed.  Results of the present investigation which conform to the FHWA request are presented herein. Translatory slope stability analyses were not performed since the circular slope stability analysis was more applicable in this particular situation. Slope stability computations (Bishop's circular method) were carried out in terms of effective stress using shear strength parameters obtained from consolidated, isotropic, undrained triaxial tests with pore pressure measurements. The major objective of the study was to check a remedial solution previously proposed (see APPENDIX). The investigation was conducted under Research Study KYP-72-38 entitled "Landslides" and maintenance project SP 22-538-28L.
title: STOLVAC:
title: A Traffic Data System
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Herd, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this study was to design a traffic data inventory system and to develop operating procedures for that system. This report outlines the general design of such a system that will be called STOLVAC (acronym for Speed, Turning movements, Origin destination, Loadometer, Volume, Accident, and Classification data). The report also presents recommendations relating to the development and maintenance of STOLVAC. Staging of the system development is recommended.
Quantifying the impact of phytosanitary standards with specific reference to MRLs on the trade flow of South African avocados to the EU
Creators: name: Scheepers, S.
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Scheepers, S.
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Impact of Phytosanitary Standards
subject: Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)
subject: Codex Standards
subject: Trade Flows

description: In this study a gravity model was used to investigate the impact of country specific MRLs that are more stringent than the MRLs set by CODEX on avocado exports by South Africa to the EU with specific reference to Prochloraz. The results revealed that the more stringent Prochloraz MRLs indeed have an impact on avocado exports to the EU. The simulation results show that the revenue foregone due to the more stringent Prochloraz MRLs is US$15.27 million. In relative terms this is significant, and should the Prochloraz MRLs be relaxed to the CODEX levels the contribution of the avocado industry to the gross domestic value of agricultural products would increase significantly. Furthermore, several studies have revealed the potentially negative impacts of abnormal levels of Prochloraz. The question arises why there are anomalies in the application of Prochloraz MRLs between countries and whether the CODEX MRL already account for these negative impacts. In depth analysis should be done with respect to the anomalies prevailing for Prochloraz MRLs to provide a proper scientific basis for applying them. Other recommendations are that much more attention should be given to the development of the national market for avocados and that other markets than the EU market should be explored for exports.
Quantum methods for clock synchronization: Beating the standard quantum limit without entanglement
Creators: name: de Burgh, Mark
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce methods for clock synchronization that make use of the adiabatic exchange of nondegenerate two-level quantum systems: ticking qubits. Schemes involving the exchange of N independent qubits with frequency $ω$ give a synchronization accuracy that scales as $(ω\sqrt{N})^{-1}$, i.e., as the standard quantum limit. We introduce a protocol that makes use of N coherent exchanges of a single qubit at frequency $ω$, leading to an accuracy that scales as $(ωN)^{-1}\log N$. This protocol beats the standard quantum limit without the use of entanglement, and we argue that this scaling is the fundamental limit for clock synchronization allowed by quantum mechanics. We analyse the performance of these protocols when used with a lossy channel.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, published version
In Situ Shear Strength Parameters by Dutch Cone Penetration Tests
Creators: name: Gorman, C. Thomas
name: Hopkins, Tommy C.
name: Drnevich, Vincent P.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Dutch cone penetration testing was performed and undisturbed samples were collected at four Kentucky highway sites. Shear strength, as determined by consolidated, undrained triaxial testing of the undisturbed samples, was correlated with friction resistance as measured by the Dutch friction cone. Statistical analysis of all data showed shear strength to be about 80 percent of friction resistance. Recommendations for the use of the Dutch cone penetration test in Kentucky soils were also made.
Nutrient elasticities among Nigerian households differentiated by income
Creators: name: Akinleye, S.O.
name: Rahji, M.A.Y.
name: Akinleye, S.O.
name: Rahji, M.A.Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food demand
subject: income
subject: almost ideal demand system (AIDS)
subject: Nigeria

description: Food calorie intake has been found to have a strong empirical linkage with both human health and productivity. In a study to determine the probable influence of price and income changes on the availability of food nutrients to Nigerian households segmented by income, demand elasticities were obtained for survey respondents and the nutritional effects of changes arising from changes in income and prices were computed using both the AIDS methodology and a technique developed by Huang. The findings show that guinea corn is the food that would have the greatest implications for the nutrient status of low income households. Millet, guinea corn and maize and rice, beans and maize respectively are the food items of note for the households whose heads earn average and high incomes. The study concludes with the implications of the findings on the different income groups and the likely applications of the methodology used to derive nutrient elasticities.
Quantifying the Trade Effect of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Regulations of OECD Countries on South African Food Exports
Creators: name: Gebrehiwet, Yemane
name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Gebrehiwet, Yemane
name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: Stringent sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) have proliferated in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). These standards are currently becoming a major stumbling block in agricultural trade for developing countries. Limited by inadequate resources and expertise, among other things, these countries also have poor participation rate in discussions related to SPS that impedes the representation of their interests and concerns in setting international standards for agricultural products. Using a gravity model, this paper estimates the trade effect of total aflatoxin level set by five OECD countries (Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Germany and USA), on South African food exports. The findings support the hypotheses that stringent SPS standards are limiting trade markedly. The trade elasticity of aflatoxin standard is 0.41 and statistically significant. Moreover, the simulation result based on the assumption that these five OECD countries adopt the total aflatoxin level recommended by CODEX, shows that South Africa would have gained an estimated additional amount of US$ 69 million per year from food exports to these countries from 1995 to 1999.
3D printing: the notion of use in trade mark law under pressure
Creators: name: Maroni, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The new frontier of manufacturing, 3D printing, makes it easy to fabricate objects of any kind with the sole help of a 3D printer and CAD files. This may prove attractive for consumers who may be willing to engage in the home-production of objects. At first glance, this may not seem problematic for trade mark law: in its innocuous version, 3D printing simply enables consumers to customise their goods and to escape the standardisation of products provoked by the current prevailing business model. However, home-3D printing also has a dark side as it may enable consumers to easily replicate products incorporating trade marks. It is reasonable to assume that consumers will not engage only in the private use of 3D-printed objects. Admittedly, they are likely to display some of them in public. This implies that products bearing trade marks will start circulating directly outside the points of sale and this may induce consumers to mistakenly assume that goods, which in fact are 3D-printed, come from the trade mark proprietor. How trade mark law is going to deal with this phenomenon is far from clear. To evaluate this, this study reviews the present notion of infringing use under UK and EU laws, taking into account case law and academic literature, with a view to assessing whether the concept of use can be stretched to cover home-3D printing. The approach to this research is disillusioned: if it is true that 3D printing should be welcome for its role in fostering consumer empowerment, it is crucial to remember that it may also deprive consumers of some of the advantages they derive from the trade mark system. This latter aspect is often overshadowed by the positive effects of 3D printing. This study finds that infringement in relation to home-3D printed objects embedding trade marks can be found only in limited cases. By shifting attention to the digital environment, this study concludes that infringement is more likely to be found when private individuals engage in the sale or share of CAD files embedding trade marks. Furthermore, it argues that, under certain circumstances, online platforms displaying CAD files should be held liable for infringement. This working paper is a part of the "Outstanding LLM Dissertations 2021".
Transport properties of band engineered p-n heterostructures of epitaxial Bi$_2$Se$_3$/(Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$)$_2$(Te$_{1-y}$Se$_y$)$_3$ topological insulators
Creators: name: Mayer, T.
name: Werner, H.
name: Schmid, F.
name: Diaz-Pardo, R.
name: Fujii, J.
name: Vobornik, I.
name: Back, C. H.
name: Kronseder, M.
name: Bougeard, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The challenge of parasitic bulk doping in Bi-based 3D topological insulator materials is still omnipresent, especially when preparing samples by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Here, we present a heterostructure approach for epitaxial BSTS growth. A thin n-type Bi$_2$Se$_3$ (BS) layer is used as an epitaxial and electrostatic seed which drastically improves the crystalline and electronic quality and reproducibility of the sample properties. In heterostructures of BS with p-type (Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$)$_2$(Te$_{1-y}$Se$_y$)$_3$ (BSTS) we demonstrate intrinsic band bending effects to tune the electronic properties solely by adjusting the thickness of the respective layer. The analysis of weak anti-localization features in the magnetoconductance indicates a separation of top and bottom conduction layers with increasing BSTS thickness. By temperature- and gate-dependent transport measurements, we show that the thin BS seed layer can be completely depleted within the heterostructure and demonstrate electrostatic tuning of the bands via a back-gate throughout the whole sample thickness.
Photoproduction of $K^{*+}Λ$ and $K^+Σ(1385)$ in the reaction $γ\lowercase{p} \to K^+ Λπ^0 $ at Jefferson Lab
Creators: name: Guo, L.
name: Weygand, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for missing nucleon resonances using coupled channel analysis has mostly been concentrated on $Nπ$ and $KY$ channels, while the contributions of $K^*Y$ and $KY^*$ channels have not been investigated thoroughly mostly due to the lack of data. With an integrated luminosity of about 75 $pb^{-1}$, the photoproduction data using a proton target recently collected by the CLAS Collaboration at Jefferson Lab with a photon energy range of 1.5-3.8 GeV provided large statistics for the study of light hyperon photoproduction through exclusive reactions. The reaction $γp \to K^+ Λπ^0$ has been investigated. Preliminary results of the $K^{*+}Λ$ and $K^+Σ(1385)$ cross sections are not negligible compared with the $KY$ channels. The $Λπ^0$ invariant mass spectrum is dominated by the $Σ(1385)$ signal and no significant structure was found around the $Σ(1480)$ region.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be publised on the NSTAR05 proceedings
Exploring the Economic Rationale for Protecting Geographical Indicators in Agriculture
Creators: name: Bramley, Cerkia
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Bramley, Cerkia
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Development

description: The misappropriation of the names of geographical regions such as Parma, Roquefort and Champagne is protected in the European Union by a system of Geographical Indications, and is acknowledged by the World Trade Organization as an important intellectual property right. This article addresses whether there is a case for similar protection in South Africa. The article explores the economic rationale for implementing a system of Geographical Indications by addressing issues such as information asymmetry and the role of reputation; formation of niche markets; monopoly formation, value added and rural development. The economic rationale for protecting Geographical Indications derives mainly from the fact that place of origin may be used as a quality signal, or alternatively, that the resources of the region may be captured as quality attributes. In the first instance the meaning of the geographical name is emphasized in order to reduce information asymmetries. Where place of origin is used as an attribute, resources of the region are used to increase the value of the product. This includes specific resources such as production techniques, varieties and species, but also resources that are general to the region such as landscape, environment and culture. Economic arguments present a strong justification for the introduction of geographical indications in South Africa. At the same time it will afford greater protection to indigenous resources and geographical names which could, through the collective and inclusive nature of the system, directly contribute to rural development.
How to fry breadfruit
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .mov video file, one .wav audio file, and one .eaf ELAN transcription file for an interview describing how to fry breadfruit.
Design Guide for Bituminous Concrete Pavement Structures
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Deen, Robert C.
name: Southgate, Herbert F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The proposed design guide includes procedures for estimating design EAL's, CBR, modulus of the asphaltic concrete, and an array of tables and graphs to determine pavement and layer thicknesses.
Online service providers and blockchain: undermining copyright goals?
Creators: name: Cahill, Tiarnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This thesis will analyse whether online service providers critically undermine the functionality/goals of copyright, and to what extent blockchain technology can assist or entrench any arising issues. Analysis will begin with online service providers (OSPs) and provide a breakdown of how platforms interact with users, copyright, and the relationship between all three. Moving forward, analysis will continue by looking at the fundamental aspects of blockchain technology, and how these interact with OSPs in providing potential solutions or in fact posing more questions to copyright. Finally, this thesis will conclude that, through overriding desire for commercial control and growth, there are aspects of OSPs that do undermine copyright. Meanwhile, blockchain has the potential to alter the status quo, and galvanise copyright in favour of the innovator, re-calibrating the balance of power away from intermediaries. However, too much of the potential of blockchain is subject to theory or imperfect technological advancements, which ultimately means that blockchain currently cannot substantially reinforce or assist copyright in relation to problems posed by OSPs. With that being said, whilst OSPs present several significant problems to the functionality/goals of copyright, overall, such platforms do not critically undermine copyright. OSPs have encouraged unparalleled content creation and secured substantial revenue opportunities for innovators by nurturing primary and secondary markets. This working paper is a part of the "Outstanding LLM Dissertations 2021".
Universal length dependence of tensile stress in nanomechanical string resonators
Creators: name: Bückle, Maximilian
name: Klaß, Yannick S.
name: Nägele, Felix B.
name: Braive, Rémy
name: Weig, Eva M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the tensile stress in freely suspended nanomechanical string resonators, and observe a material-independent dependence on the resonator length. We compare strongly stressed sting resonators fabricated from four different material systems based on amorphous silicon nitride, crystalline silicon carbide as well as crystalline indium gallium phosphide. The tensile stress is found to increase by approximately 50% for shorter resonators. We establish a simple elastic model to describe the observed length dependence of the tensile stress. The model accurately describes our experimental data. This opens a perspective for stress-engineering the mechanical quality factor of nanomechanical string resonators.
Theory of hadronic B decays
Creators: name: Pirjol, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give an overview of the theory of hadronic nonleptonic B decays into two light mesons. Using the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), a factorization theorem for these processes has been proven to leading order in 1/mb. The phenomenological implications of this factorization relation for B-> ππdecays are discussed, together with the prospects for determining the weak phase α(ϕ_2) from these modes.
description: Contribution to the 3rd Conference on Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP04), Daegu, Korea; 9 pages, 2 figures
Agricultural Cooperatives I: History, Theory and Problems
Creators: name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: King, Robert P.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: King, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper presents the principles of cooperation and briefly describes the history and development of agricultural cooperatives in developed and less-developed countries, with particular emphasis on South Africa. A new Cooperatives Act, based on international principles of cooperation, was promulgated in South Africa in August 2005. The theory of cooperatives, and new institutional economics theory (NIE) (including transaction cost economics, agency theory and property rights theory) and its applicability to the cooperative organizational form, are also presented, as are the inherent problems of conventional cooperatives, namely free-rider, horizon, portfolio, control and influence cost problems caused by vaguely defined property rights. An analysis of the future of cooperatives in general, based on a NIE approach, suggests a life cycle for cooperatives (formation, growth, reorganization or exit) as they adapt to a changing economic environment characterized by technological change, industrialization of agriculture and growing individualism.
Traffic Accident Reporting in Kentucky
Creators: name: Herd, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This study reviews the organizational structure and processing procedures used in accident surveillance. Consideration was given to the techniques that various state governmental agencies use in their analysis of accident reports and statistics. It was concluded that Kentucky should enact uniform accident reporting legislation. A standard form should be prescribed for use by law enforcement agencies in complying with the reporting requirement. The creation of an Accident Records Unit to receive, process, and statistically analyze the reports is recommended.
Thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies for a three dimensional isotropic core-softened potential
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Alan B.
name: Netz, Paulo A.
name: Colla, Thiago
name: Barbosa, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics simulations and integral equations (Rogers-Young, Percus-Yevick and hypernetted chain closures) we investigate the thermodynamic of particles interacting with continuous core-softened intermolecular potential. Dynamic properties are also analyzed by the simulations. We show that, for a chosen shape of the potential, the density, at constant pressure, has a maximum for a certain temperature. The line of temperatures of maximum density (TMD) was determined in the pressure-temperature phase diagram. Similarly the diffusion constant at a constant temperature, $D$, has a maximum at a density $ρ_{max}$ and a minimum at a density $ρ_{min}
description: 16 pages
Failures of model-dependent generalization bounds for least-norm interpolation
Creators: name: Bartlett, Peter L.
name: Long, Philip M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider bounds on the generalization performance of the least-norm linear regressor, in the over-parameterized regime where it can interpolate the data. We describe a sense in which any generalization bound of a type that is commonly proved in statistical learning theory must sometimes be very loose when applied to analyze the least-norm interpolant. In particular, for a variety of natural joint distributions on training examples, any valid generalization bound that depends only on the output of the learning algorithm, the number of training examples, and the confidence parameter, and that satisfies a mild condition (substantially weaker than monotonicity in sample size), must sometimes be very loose -- it can be bounded below by a constant when the true excess risk goes to zero.
Diamesinae Kieffer 1922
Creators: name: Semenchenko, Alexander A.
name: Cranston Fls, Peter S.
name: Makarchenko, Eugenyi A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae

description: Biodiversity of Diamesinae
Our phylogeographic analysis and ancestral area reconstruction may be distorted by our study diamesines being collected more from the Eastern Palaearctic than in any other area. Overall, we covered 30.9% of described diamesines from the world’s fauna, which has 233 species (Supporting Information, Tables S1, S3). Te ratio (%) between total described species in each biogeographical region and those used in this study are showed in Table 2. Te best represented regions were the Eastern Palaearctic (47.1%) and the Western Palaearctic (31.6%), whereas data availability in other regions did not exceed 25%. To minimize conflicts, we performed a biodiversity analysis for each region (Table 2) from an updated compilation of all described diamesines in the world fauna (Supporting Information, Table S3).
Te greatest biodiversity observed is in the Eastern Palaearctic, inhabited by 104 diamesine species from 10 genera, which is 44.6% of the world’s fauna. Tis realm has the most endemics (68) with a moderate endemism level (65.4%). Tere are 79 species in the Western Palaearctic with the proportion of species from world fauna being 33.9%. Kaluginia Makarchenko and Palatooia Makarchenko and Semenchenko are endemic genera in the Eastern Palaearctic and the Western Palaearctic, respectively, and there are 21 common species. Te Nearctic region includes 51 species of which 19 and 14 species are in common with the Eastern Palaearctic and the Western Palaearctic, respectively, while most species are cosmopolitan. Tree species, Diamesa lindrothi Goetghebuer, D. bohemani Goetghebuer, and D. spinacies Saether, inhabit only the Nearctic and the Western Palaearctic, whereas 11 species inhabit only the Nearctic and Eastern Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Semenchenko, Alexander A., Cranston Fls, Peter S. & Makarchenko, Eugenyi A., 2024, A multi-locus phylogeny for the Diamesinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) provides new insights into evolution of an amphitropical clade, pp. 1-16 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (4) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae035, http://zenodo.org/record/14764001
Domestic Water Use and Values in Swaziland: A Contingent Valuation Analysis
Creators: name: Farolfi, Stefano
name: Mabugu, Ramos E.
name: Ntshingila, S.N.
name: Farolfi, Stefano
name: Mabugu, Ramos E.
name: Ntshingila, S.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper reports on the use of the contingent valuation method to study the determinants of Swazi households' willingness to pay (WTP) for an improvement in their water quantity and quality. A sample of 374 households was surveyed and a Tobit model was applied to explain household preferences for quality and quantity of domestic water supply and derive estimates of WTP for such a service. The results confirm that household income had a positive and statistically significant impact on WTP for both quality and quantity. Distance to the water source is positively associated with WTP regardless of the location (rural or urban) and of the household head's age, education, and gender. Current water consumption was also statistically significant for WTP for improved quantity, but with a negative sign, implying that the more a household consumes water, the less that household is WTP to have improved water quantity. Conversely, the same household would be WTP for improved water quality. Rural households showed a much higher WTP for improved water provision services than urban households. There is therefore scope to improve water service levels in Swaziland even at a higher water price. More precisely, the estimates of WTP obtained in this study indicate the possibility of introducing a demand-driven program to expand the coverage of rural tap water schemes.
$Ξ$ spectroscopy in photoproduction on a proton target at Jefferson Lab
Creators: name: Guo, L.
name: Weygand, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CLAS Collaboration at Jefferson Lab conducted a photoproduction experiment on a proton target using a tagged photon beam with an energy range of 1.5-3.8 GeV during May-July 2004. With an integrated luminosity of about 75 $pb^{-1}$, this experiment provides the largest data set for photon-proton reactions ever collected. The reaction $γp \to K^+K^+Ξ^{-}(1320)$ has been investigated and the preliminary results of the cross section measurement of $Ξ^-(1320)$ for the photon energy range of 2.7-3.8 GeV have been obtained. In a search for excited cascade states, the reaction of $γp \to K^+K^+π^-(Ξ^0(1320))$ has also been explored.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the NSTAR05 proceedings