cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interchain-Frustration-Induced Metallic State in Quasi-One-Dimensional Mott Insulators
Creators: name: Tsuchiizu, M.
name: Suzumura, Y.
name: Bourbonnais, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism that drives a metal-insulator transition in an undoped quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator is examined in the framework of the Hubbard model with two different hoppings t_{perp 1} and t_{perp 2} between nearest-neighbor chains. By applying an N_{perp}-chain renormalization group method at the two-loop level, we show how a metallic state emerges when both t_{perp 1} and t_{perp 2} exceed critical values. In the metallic phase, the quasiparticle weight becomes finite and develops a strong momentum dependence. We discuss the temperature dependence of the resistivity and the impact of our theory in the understanding of recent experiments on half-filled molecular conductors.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, published version
Principled entrepreneurship & shared leadership: The case of TEOCO (The Employee Owned Company)
Creators: name: Calo, Thomas J.
name: Roche, Oliver
name: Shipper, Frank
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Employee Ownership
Private Equity Firm
Shared Leadership
Corporate Culture
Strategic Human Resource Management

description: This case describes a unique corporate culture, focused on employee ownership and employee-centered Human Resource practices, which fosters employee loyalty and motivates employee focus on organization objectives. The organization‟s CEO and senior management team discuss in detail the company‟s development strategy, the concept of shared leadership, and its strategic focus on Human Resource Management. Also emphasized is how the organization's recent partnership with a private equity firm, and its acquisition of an international organization of similar size, may change TEOCO‟s culture and its business model.
The loop shortening property and almost convexity
Creators: name: Elder, Murray J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: We introduce the "loop shortening property" and the "basepoint loop shortening property" for finitely generated groups, and examine their relation to quadratic isoperimetric functions and almost convexity.
description: Appeared in 2003. I am putting all my past papers on arvix
Perspectives for analyzing non-linear photo ionization spectra with deep neural networks trained with synthetic Hamilton matrices
Creators: name: Giri, Sajal Kumar
name: Alonso, Lazaro
name: Saalmann, Ulf
name: Rost, Jan Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed deep neural networks, which can map fluctuating photo-electron spectra obtained from noisy pulses to spectra from noise-free pulses. The network is trained on spectra from noisy pulses in combination with random Hamilton matrices, representing systems which could exist but do not necessarily exist. In [Giri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124,113201 (2020)] we performed a purification of fluctuating spectra, that is mapping them to those from Fourier-limited Gaussian pulses. Here, we investigate the performance of such neural-network-based maps for predicting spectra of double pulses, pulses with a chirp and even partially-coherent pulses pulses from fluctuating spectra generated by noisy pulses. Secondly, we demonstrate that along with a purification of a fluctuating double-pulse spectrum, one can estimate the time-delay of the underlying double pulse, an attractive feature for single-shot spectra from SASE FELs. We demonstrate our approach with resonant two-photon ionization, a non-linear process, sensitive to details of the laser pulse.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Earthquake Prediction: Probabilistic Aspect
Creators: name: Molchan, G.
name: Keilis-Borok, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical analysis of the earthquake prediction problem in space-time is presented. We find an explicit structure of the optimal strategy and its relation to the generalized error diagram. This study is a generalization of the theoretical results for time prediction. The possibility and simplicity of this extension is due to the choice of the class of goal functions. We also discuss issues in forecasting versus prediction, scaling laws versus predictability, and measure of prediction efficiency at the research stage.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Direct photons in d+Au and p+p collisions
Creators: name: Russcher, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented from an ongoing analysis of direct photon production with the STAR experiment at RHIC. The direct photon measurement in d+Au collisions and the neutral pion spectrum in p+p collisions are found to be in agreement with NLO pQCD calculations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of Quark Matter 2006
QED treatment of electron correlation in Li-like ions
Creators: name: Yerokhin, V. A.
name: Artemyev, A. N.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic QED treatment of electron correlation is presented for ions along the lithium isoelectronic sequence. We start with the zeroth-order approximation that accounts for a part of the electron-electron interaction by a local model potential introduced into the Dirac equation. The residual electron correlation is treated by perturbation theory. Rigorous QED evaluation is presented for the first two terms of the perturbative expansion; the third-order contribution is calculated within the many-body perturbation theory. We report accurate numerical results for the electronic-structure part of the ionization potential for the n=2 states of all Li-like ions up to uranium.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables
Fourier-Resolved Spectroscopy of AGN using XMM-Newton data: I. The 3-10 keV band results
Creators: name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Ioannou, Z.
name: Kazanas, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from the Fourier Resolved Spectroscopy of archival XMM-Newton data of five AGN, namely, Mrk 766, NGC 3516, NGC 3783, NGC 4051 and Ark 564. This work supplements the earlier study of MCG-6-30-15 as well as those of several Galactic Black Hole Candidate sources. Our results exhibit much larger diversity than those of Galactic sources, a fact we attribute to the diversity of their masses. When we take into account this effect and combine our results with those from Cyg X-1, it seems reasonable to conclude that, at high frequencies, the slope of the Fourier-resolved spectra in accreting black hole systems decreases with increasing frequency as proportional to f^{-0.25}, irrespective of whether the system is in its High or Low state. This result implies that the flux variations in AGN are accompanied by complex spectral slope variations as well. We also find that the Fe Ka line in Mrk 766, NGC 3783 and NGC 4051 is variable on time scales ~day - 1 hour. The iron fluorescence line is absent in the spectra of the highest frequencies,and there is an indication that, just like in Cyg X-1, the equivalent width of the line in the Fourier-resolved of AGN decreases with increasing frequency.
description: 45 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Efficient magnetic superstructure optimization with $ΘΦ$
Creators: name: Plekhanov, Evgeny A.
name: Tchougréeff, Andrei L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating the incommensurate spin density waves (ISDW) states is not a simple task within the standard \emph{ab-initio} methods. Moreover, in the context of new material discovery, there is a need for fast and reliable tool capable to scan and optimize the total energy as a function of the pitch vector, thus allowing to automatize the search for new materials. In this paper we show how the ISDW can be efficiently obtained within the recently released $ΘΦ$ program. We illustrate this on an example of the single orbital Hubbard model and of $γ$-Fe, where the ISDW emerge within the mean-field approximation and by using the twisted boundary conditions. We show the excellent agreement of the $ΘΦ$ with the previously published ones and discuss possible extensions. Finally, we generalize the previously given framework for spin quantization axis rotation to the most general case of spin-dependent hopping matrix elements.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Computational Materials Science
A Directly-Written Monolithic Waveguide-Laser Incorporating a DFB Waveguide-Bragg Grating
Creators: name: Marshall, Graham D.
name: Dekker, Peter
name: Ams, Martin
name: Piper, James A.
name: Withford, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the fabrication and performance of the first C-band directly-written monolithic waveguide-laser. The waveguide-laser device was created in an Erbium and Ytterbium doped phosphate glass host and consisted of an optical waveguide that included a distributed feedback Bragg grating structure. The femtosecond laser direct-write technique was used to create both the waveguide and the waveguide-Bragg grating simultaneously and in a single processing step. The waveguide-laser was optically pumped at approximately 980 nm and lased at 1537nm with a bandwidth of less than 4 pm.
description: 6 pages, 13 references, 4 figures
Performance interactions and developmental asynchrony in the language of children with and without SLI
Creators: name: Namazi, Mahchid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study investigated level of development and performance interactions between the three language domains of semantics, syntax, and morphology across and within two groups of children. Eight children with normal-language (NL), ranging in age from two to four, and eight children with SLI, ranging in age from four to six, served as subjects. For all subjects, individual language samples were collected, analysed, and coded for semantic, syntactic, and morphological characteristics. The unit of analysis for all language measures was the communication unit. For the level of development question, it was found that in comparison to a language-matched group of normally developing children, the children with SLI evidenced lower levels of development in morphology, but not in syntax and semantics. Furthermore, for both the SLI and NL children, developmental levels were only modestly correlated among the three linguistic domains. For the performance question, it was found that the morphological performance of the SLI children was reduced as a function of syntactic complexity; the same was not true for the language-matched NL children. Furthermore, the semantic elaboration of both groups of children was reduced as a function of syntactic complexity. The data were interpreted as supporting both asynchronous development, across the three language domains for both groups, and on-line processing trade-offs between the three domains, for the SLI group.
A Geometrical Theory of Jacobi Forms of Higher Degree
Creators: name: Yang, Jae-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F55, 11F46, 11F60, 32M10, 32N10, 53C30

description: In this paper, we give a survey of a geometrical theory of Jacobi forms of higher degree. And we present some geometric results and discuss some geometric problems to be investigated in the future.
description: 29 pages
The Development of a New Class of Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 Inhibitors as Potential Antimalarials
Creators: name: JAJAEI, MAHTA MANSOURI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310112
subject: Structural biology (incl. macromolecular modelling)
classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis
classificationCode: 340499
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321405
subject: Pharmaceutical sciences

description: Nearly half of the world’s population are at the risk of developing malaria, with children under the age of 5 being the most vulnerable group affected. The emergence of drug resistance is making most current malaria treatments ineffective, making this disease a global health priority.
This medicinal chemistry research involved the design and synthesis of new molecules with desirable properties and efficacy. Throughout the PhD, newly made molecules were assessed for drug-like properties and activity against malaria parasites; permitting the identification of new leads with potent activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites and improved drug-like properties.
Inertia and feedback parameters adaptive control of virtual synchronous generator
Creators: name: Ren, Hai-Peng
name: Chen, Qi
name: Zhang, Liang-Liang
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the adjustable characteristics of the virtual synchronous generator parameters, the parameter adaptive adjustment is used to improve the dynamic performance of the system. However, the traditional virtual synchronous generator adaptive control technology still has two drawbacks: on the one hand, the large-scale adjustment of the damping droop coefficient and the virtual moment of inertia requires the system having a high energy storage margin; On the other hand, there is a power overshoot phenomenon in the transient regulation process, which is disadvantageous to the power equipment. First, this paper provides a convenient adjustment method for improving the transient stability of the system, the system damping is adjusted by introducing the output speed feedback. Second, according to the transient power-angle characteristics of the system, a parameter adaptive control strategy is proposed, which shortens the transient adjustment time and ensures that the deviation of the system frequency in the transient adjustment process is within the allowable range, and improves the transient performance of the grid frequency adjustment, at the same time, the power overshoot is suppressed. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is superior to the existing adaptive control strategy.
Six new candidate ultracompact X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Zand, J. J. M. in 't
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Markwardt, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) appear able to sustain accretion onto the compact accretor at rates lower than in wider X-ray binaries. This may be understood by the smaller accretion disks in UCXBs: a lower X-ray luminosity suffices to keep a disk completely ionized through irradiation and, thus, keep the viscosity at a sufficiently high level to allow effective transport of matter to the compact object. We employ this distinguishing factor on data from RXTE and BeppoSAX to identify six new candidate UCXBs, thus increasing the population by one quarter. The candidates are drawn from the population of persistently accreting and type-I X-ray bursting low-mass X-ray binaries. The X-ray bursts establish the low-mass X-ray binary nature and provide a handle on the accretion rate. We find that the low accretion rates are supported by the long burst recurrence times and the hard X-ray spectra of the persistent emission as derived from the 2nd INTEGRAL catalog of soft gamma-ray sources. We discuss the peculiar light curves of some new UCXB candidates.
description: Section 2 corrected and improved thanks to comments by J.-P. Lasota. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Modelling of an Ionic Electroactive Polymer by the Thermodynamics of Linear Irreversible Processes
Creators: name: Tixier, Mireille
name: Pouget, Joël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionic polymer-metal composites consist in a thin film of electro-active polymers (Nafion R for example) sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. They can be used as sensors or actuators. The polymer is saturated with water, which causes a complete dissociation and the release of small cations. The strip undergoes large bending motions when it is submitted to an orthogonal electric field and vice versa. We used a continuous medium approach and a coarse grain model; the system is depicted as a deformable porous medium in which flows an ionic solution. We write microscale balance laws and thermodynamic relations for each phase, then for the complete material using an average technique. Entropy production, then constitutive equations are deduced : a Kelvin-Voigt stress-strain relation, generalized Fourier's and Darcy's laws and a Nernst-Planck equation. We applied this model to a cantilever E.A.P. strip undergoing a continuous potential difference (static case); a shear force may be applied to the free end to prevent its displacement. Applied forces and deflection are calculated using a beam model in large displacements. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data published in the literature.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1706.08731
Statistical Analysis of Point-like Sources in Chandra Galactic Center Survey
Creators: name: Wu, J. F.
name: Zhang, S. N.
name: Lu, F. J.
name: Jin, Y. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {\it Chandra} Galactic Center Survey detected $\sim 800$ X-ray point-like sources in the $2^{\circ} \times 0.8^{\circ}$ sky region around the Galactic Center. In this paper, we study the spatial and luminosity distributions of these sources according to their spectral properties. Fourteen bright sources detected are used to fit jointly an absorbed power-law model, from which the power-law photon index is determined to be $\sim$2.5. Assuming that all other sources have the same power-law form, the relation between hardness ratio and HI column density $N_H$ is used to estimate the $N_H$ values for all sources. Monte Carlo simulations show that these sources are more likely concentrated in the Galactic center region, rather than distributed throughout the Galactic disk. We also find that the luminosities of the sources are positively correlated with their HI column densities, i.e. a more luminous source has a higher HI column density. From this relation, we suggest that the X-ray luminosity comes from the interaction between an isolated old neutron star and interstellar medium (mainly dense molecular clouds). Using the standard Bondi accretion theory and the statistical information of molecular clouds in the Galactic center, we confirm this positive correlation and calculate the luminosity range in this scenario, which is consistent with the observation ($10^{32}\sim 10^{35}$ ergs s$^{-1}$).
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Chinese Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Roughness suppression via rapid current modulation on an atom chip
Creators: name: Trebbia, Jean-Baptiste
name: Alzar, Carlos Leonardo Garrido
name: Cornelussen, Ronald
name: Westbrook, Christoph I.
name: Bouchoule, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to suppress the potential roughness of a wire-based, magnetic atom guide: modulating the wire current at a few tens of kHz, the potential roughness, which is proportional to the wire current, averages to zero. Using ultra-cold $^{87}{\rm Rb}$ clouds, we show experimentally that modulation reduces the roughness by at least of a factor five without measurable heating or atom loss. This roughness suppression results in a dramatic reduction of the damping of center of mass oscillations.
Interpretable Multi-Head Self-Attention model for Sarcasm Detection in social media
Creators: name: Akula, Ramya
name: Garibay, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sarcasm is a linguistic expression often used to communicate the opposite of what is said, usually something that is very unpleasant with an intention to insult or ridicule. Inherent ambiguity in sarcastic expressions, make sarcasm detection very difficult. In this work, we focus on detecting sarcasm in textual conversations from various social networking platforms and online media. To this end, we develop an interpretable deep learning model using multi-head self-attention and gated recurrent units. Multi-head self-attention module aids in identifying crucial sarcastic cue-words from the input, and the recurrent units learn long-range dependencies between these cue-words to better classify the input text. We show the effectiveness of our approach by achieving state-of-the-art results on multiple datasets from social networking platforms and online media. Models trained using our proposed approach are easily interpretable and enable identifying sarcastic cues in the input text which contribute to the final classification score. We visualize the learned attention weights on few sample input texts to showcase the effectiveness and interpretability of our model.
Double Poisson Cohomology of Path Algebras of Quivers
Creators: name: Pichereau, Anne
name: Van de Weyer, Geert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14A22

description: In this note, we give a description of the graded Lie algebra of double derivations of a path algebra as a graded version of the necklace Lie algebra equipped with the Kontsevich bracket. Furthermore, we formally introduce the notion of double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology for double Poisson algebras, and give some elementary properties. We introduce the notion of a linear double Poisson tensor on a quiver and show that it induces the structure of a finite dimensional algebra on the vector spaces V_v generated by the loops in the vertex v. We show that the Hochschild cohomology of the associative algebra can be recovered from the double Poisson cohomology. Then, we use the description of the graded necklace Lie algebra to determine the low-dimensional double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology groups for three types of (linear and non-linear) double Poisson brackets on the free algebra in two variables. This allows us to develop some useful techniques for the computation of the double Poisson-Lichnerowicz cohomology.
description: 42 pages. Final version, to appear in Journal of Algebra
Nuclear effects in neutrino induced reactions
Creators: name: Vacas, M. J. Vicente
name: Alvarez-Ruso, L.
name: Geng, L. S.
name: Nieves, J.
name: Valverde, M.
name: Hirenzaki, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the relevance of nuclear medium effects in the analysis of some low and medium energy neutrino reactions of current interest. In particular, we study the Quasi-Elastic (QE) process, where RPA correlations and Final State Interactions (FSI) are shown to play a crucial role. We have also investigated the neutrino induced coherent pion production. We find a strong reduction of the cross section due to the distortion of the pion wave function and the modification of the production mechanisms in the nucleus. The sensitivity of the results to the axial $NΔ$ coupling $C_5^A(0)$ has been also investigated.
description: To appear in the proceedings of Chiral Symmetry in Hadron and Nuclear Physics (Chiral07), Osaka, Japan, November 13-16, 2007
title: Investigative Research on Design Parameters and Criticality Models for Microreactors
Creators: name: Jensen, Cameron
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: With increased energy demand and the desire to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, nuclear power will need to play a prominent role in achieving carbon-free energy independence. Large nuclear reactors are necessary to meet this objective. However, they are expensive and take a long time to build. For remote locations (e.g., military bases) and smaller communities, large nuclear reactors would not be feasible or cost effective. Small reactors (microreactors) can fill this necessary gap. These reactors would be factory-built, delivered quickly, and operated with high intrinsic levels of safety. With microreactors still in conceptual and testing states, there is a large need to study how these reactors produce consistent energy in a much smaller package. The objective of this research is to develop design parameters and criticality models for a reactor core that can be used in a microreactor, which would self-regulate based on automatic control functions. This research investigates parameters and constraints for the reactor design, including a reactor core fueled with TRISO fuel, different cooling methods, and graphite moderators. Sensitivity studies are conducted on temperature, fuel depletion, and criticality control methods, and an enrichment of 20% U-235 will be used as the primary source of heat. A core achieving a critical state with temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1200K is considered. Feedback mechanisms are also investigated, including inherently safe fuel design and control rod manipulation.
Final state interactions in the electroweak nuclear response
Creators: name: Benhar, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the description of the electroweak nuclear response at large momentum transfer within nonrelativistic many-body theory. Special consideration is given to the effects of final state interactions, which are known to be large in both inclusive and semi-inclusive processes. The results of theoretical calculations of electron-nucleus scattering observables are compared to the data, and the generalization to charged current neutrino-nucleus interactions is discussed.
description: Invited talk at NUINT05. To be published in Nucl. Phys. B Proceedings Supplement
The Long-Term Forecast of Station View Periods for Elliptical Orbits
Creators: name: Graven, Andrew J.
name: Lo, Martin W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper, using ergodic theory, Lo [1] derived a simple definite integral that provided an estimate of the view periods of ground stations to satellites. This assumes the satellites are in circular orbits with non-repeating ground tracks under linear $J_2$ perturbations. The novel feature is that this is done without the propagation of the trajectory by employing ergodic theory. This accelerated the telecommunications mission design and analysis by several orders of magnitude and greatly simplified the process. In this paper, we extend the view period integral to elliptical orbits.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, in the proceedings of the 2019 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
Renormalization of the quasiparticle hopping integrals by spin interactions in layered copper oxides
Creators: name: Hozoi, L.
name: Nishimoto, S.
name: de Graaf, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holes doped within the square CuO2 network specific to the cuprate superconducting materials have oxygen 2p character. We investigate the basic properties of such oxygen holes by wavefunction-based quantum chemical calculations on large embedded clusters. We find that a 2p hole induces ferromagnetic correlations among the nearest-neighbor Cu 3d spins. When moving through the antiferromagnetic background the hole must bring along this spin polarization cloud at nearby Cu sites, which gives rise to a substantial reduction of the effective hopping parameters. Such interactions can explain the relatively low values inferred for the effective hoppings by fitting the angle-resolved photoemission data. The effect of the background antiferromagnetic couplings of renormalizing the effective nearest-neighbor hopping is also confirmed by density-matrix renormalization-group model Hamiltonian calculations for chains and ladders of CuO4 plaquettes.
Creation of multiple nanodots by single ions
Creators: name: Akcöltekin, Ender
name: Peters, Thorsten
name: Meyer, Ralf
name: Duvenbeck, Andreas
name: Klusmann, Miriam
name: Monnet, Isabelle
name: Lebius, Henning
name: Schleberger, Marika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the challenging search for tools that are able to modify surfaces on the nanometer scale, heavy ions with energies of several 10 MeV are becoming more and more attractive. In contrast to slow ions where nuclear stopping is important and the energy is dissipated into a large volume in the crystal, in the high energy regime the stopping is due to electronic excitations only. Because of the extremely local (< 1 nm) energy deposition with densities of up to 10E19 W/cm^2, nanoscaled hillocks can be created under normal incidence. Usually, each nanodot is due to the impact of a single ion and the dots are randomly distributed. We demonstrate that multiple periodically spaced dots separated by a few 10 nanometers can be created by a single ion if the sample is irradiated under grazing angles of incidence. By varying this angle the number of dots can be controlled.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Doubly special relativity in de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Mignemi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the generalization of Doubly Special Relativity to a curved de Sitter background. The model has three observer-independent scales, the velocity of light $c$, the radius of curvature of the geometry $α$, and the Planck energy $κ$, and can be realized in a noncommutative position space. It is possible to construct a model exhibiting a duality for the interchange of positions and momenta together with the exchange of $α$ and $κ$.
description: 18 pages, plain TeX
Deep Connection Between Thermodynamics and Gravity in Gauss-Bonnet Braneworld
Creators: name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
name: Wang, Bin
name: Cai, Rong-Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We disclose the deep connection between the thermodynamics and gravity in a general braneworld model with curvature correction terms on the brane and in the bulk, respectively. We show that the Friedmann equations on the 3-brane embedded in the 5D spacetime with curvature correction terms can be written directly in the form of the first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon. Using the first law, we extract the entropy expression of the apparent horizon on the brane, which is useful in studying the thermodynamical properties of the black hole horizon on the brane in Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
description: 5 pages, revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
title: Osteoarthritis in the Temporomandibular Joint and Knee Joint: A Macroscopic Study of Cadaver Specimens
Creators: name: James, Jeremy
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In this study, thirty-one TMJs and twenty-eight knee joints were dissected from seventeen cadaveric subjects aged 69 to 95. Degenerative/osteoarthritic changes on the mandibular condyles, mandibular fossae, and femoral condyles were evaluated macroscopically and assigned a score on a disease severity scale (DSS) from 0 signifying “normal cartilage” to 4 signifying “severe OA”. Osteoarthritic changes were found in all TMJ and knee specimens. The average mandibular condyle DSS score was 2.68 ± 0.96, while the average mandibular fossa score was 2.90 ± 0.76; this difference in scores was significant (P = 0.035). Additionally, the mandibular fossa was equally or more severely degenerated than the mandibular condyle in 87% of the TMJ specimens. The majority of degenerative changes observed in this study were found along the lateral aspects of the TMJ components. No statistically significant correlation was found between TMJ OA severity and subject age or TMJ OA severity and subject gender. 	While studies have been published comparing OA in the TMJ to OA in other joints, to the authors’ knowledge the work presented here is the first to directly compare macroscopic degenerative changes in the TMJ to those in the knee joints of the same subjects. The DSS scores of the femoral condyles were found to be statistically comparable to those of the mandibular fossa, while the mandibular condyles were found to be less degenerated than the femoral condyles (P=0.04). Previous studies have shown a weak correlation between degenerative changes in the metatarsophalangeal joints and the TMJs in the same subjects, but no significant correlation or mixed results when comparing the TMJs to the hand or sternoclavicular joints. It is therefore hypothesized that the statistically comparable degeneration found in this study in the temporomandibular and knee joints is due to their load-bearing functions.
Integrated Cooling (i-Cool) Textile of Heat Conduction and Sweat Transportation for Personal Perspiration Management
Creators: name: Peng, Yucan
name: Li, Wei
name: Liu, Bofei
name: Schaadt, Joseph
name: Tang, Jing
name: Zhou, Guangmin
name: Jin, Weiliang
name: Zhu, Yangying
name: Wang, Guanyang
name: Huang, Wenxiao
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Wu, Tong
name: Dames, Chris
name: Prasher, Ravi
name: Fan, Shanhui
name: Cui, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perspiration evaporation plays an indispensable role in human body heat dissipation. However, conventional textiles show limited perspiration management capability in moderate/profuse perspiration scenarios, i.e. low evaporation ability, ineffective evaporative cooling effect, and resultant human body dehydration and electrolyte disorder. Here, we propose a novel concept of integrated cooling (i-Cool) textile of heat conduction and sweat transportation for personal perspiration management based on unique functional structure design. By integrating heat conductive pathways and water transport channels decently, this textile not only shows the capability of liquid water wicking, but also exhibits superior evaporation rate than traditional textiles. Furthermore, compared with cotton, about 2.8 $^\circ$C cooling effect causing less than one third amount of dehydration has also been demonstrated on the artificial sweating skin platform with feedback control loop simulating human body perspiration situation. Moreover, the practical application feasibility of the i-Cool textile design principles has been validated as well. Owing to its exceptional personal perspiration management performance in liquid water wicking, fast evaporation, efficient cooling effect and reduced human body dehydration/electrolyte loss, we expect this i-Cool textile provides promising design guidelines for next-generation personal perspiration management textile.
description: 75 pages, 30 figures
Irreducible second order SUSY transformations between real and complex potentials
Creators: name: Samsonov, B. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Second order SUSY transformations between real and complex potentials for three important from physical point of view Sturm-Liouville problems, namely, problems with the Dirichlet boundary conditions for a finite interval, for a half axis and for the whole real line are analyzed. For every problem conditions on transformation functions are formulated when transformations are irreducible, i.e. when either the intermediate Hamiltonian is not well defined in the same Hilbert space as the initial and final Hamiltonians or its eigenfunctions cannot be obtained by applying transformation operator either on eigenfunctions of the initial Hamiltonian or on these of the final Hamiltonian. Obtained results are illustrated by numerous simple examples.
description: Thanks to M.V. Ioffee Ref. [13] is corrected in the second version
Using Swift observations of prompt and afterglow emission to classify GRBs
Creators: name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Willingale, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of early BAT and XRT data for 107 gamma--ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift satellite. We use these data to examine the behaviour of the X-ray light curve and propose a classification scheme for GRBs based on this behaviour. As found for previous smaller samples, the earliest X-ray light curve can be well described by an exponential which relaxes into a power law, often with flares superimposed. The later emission is well fit using a similar functional form and we find that these two functions provide a good description of the entire X-ray light curve. For the prompt emission, the transition time between the exponential and the power law gives a well-defined timescale, T_p, for the burst duration. We use T_p, the spectral index of the prompt emission, beta_p, and the prompt power law decay index, alpha_p to define four classes of burst: short, slow, fast and soft. Bursts with slowly declining emission have spectral and temporal properties similar to the short bursts despite having longer durations. Some of these GRBs may therefore arise from similar progenitors including several types of binary system. Short bursts tend to decline more gradually than longer duration bursts and hence emit a significant fraction of their total energy at times greater than T_p. This may be due to differences in the environment or the progenitor for long, fast bursts.
description: 10 pages. 8 figures. Proceedings of the Royal Society Discussion meeting on Gamma-ray Bursts, September 18-20, 2006. To appear in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A
A thermodynamical fiber bundle model for the fracture of disordered materials
Creators: name: Virgilii, Alessandro
name: Petri, Alberto
name: Salinas, Silvio R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a disordered version of a thermodynamic fiber bundle model proposed by Selinger, Wang, Gelbart, and Ben-Shaul a few years ago. For simple forms of disorder, the model is analytically tractable and displays some new features. At either constant stress or constant strain, there is a non monotonic increase of the fraction of broken fibers as a function of temperature. Moreover, the same values of some macroscopic quantities as stress and strain may correspond to different microscopic cofigurations, which can be essential for determining the thermal activation time of the fracture. We argue that different microscopic states may be characterized by an experimentally accessible analog of the Edwards-Anderson parameter. At zero temperature, we recover the behavior of the irreversible fiber bundle model.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Analyzing Incomplete Discrete Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data
Creators: name: Jansen, Ivy
name: Beunckens, Caroline
name: Molenberghs, Geert
name: Verbeke, Geert
name: Mallinckrodt, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Commonly used methods to analyze incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data include complete case analysis (CC) and last observation carried forward (LOCF). However, such methods rest on strong assumptions, including missing completely at random (MCAR) for CC and unchanging profile after dropout for LOCF. Such assumptions are too strong to generally hold. Over the last decades, a number of full longitudinal data analysis methods have become available, such as the linear mixed model for Gaussian outcomes, that are valid under the much weaker missing at random (MAR) assumption. Such a method is useful, even if the scientific question is in terms of a single time point, for example, the last planned measurement occasion, and it is generally consistent with the intention-to-treat principle. The validity of such a method rests on the use of maximum likelihood, under which the missing data mechanism is ignorable as soon as it is MAR. In this paper, we will focus on non-Gaussian outcomes, such as binary, categorical or count data. This setting is less straightforward since there is no unambiguous counterpart to the linear mixed model. We first provide an overview of the various modeling frameworks for non-Gaussian longitudinal data, and subsequently focus on generalized linear mixed-effects models, on the one hand, of which the parameters can be estimated using full likelihood, and on generalized estimating equations, on the other hand, which is a nonlikelihood method and hence requires a modification to be valid under MAR. We briefly comment on the position of models that assume missingness not at random and argue they are most useful to perform sensitivity analysis. Our developments are underscored using data from two studies. While the case studies feature binary outcomes, the methodology applies equally well to other discrete-data settings, hence the qualifier ``discrete'' in the title.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/088342305000000322 in the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Disruption analysis of genes encoding PKA C-subunit in Ustilago maydis
Creators: name: Wong, Katherine Y. N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ustilago maydis is a dimorphic fungus that undergoes a transition from yeast-like budding growth to filamentous growth upon compatible mating interactions or in response to certain environmental conditions. Previous studies have shown that unregulated (elevated) PKA (protein kinase A) activity, for example, in mutants defective for the regulatory subunit of PKA, results in a multiple-budding phenotype. Presumably, this phenotype is due to defects in cell separation and bud site selection. On the other hand, cells with low PKA activity, resulting from inactivation in adenylate cyclase, display constitutively filamentous growth. These results lead to the prediction that disruption of the catalytic (C) subunit of PKA would result in a constitutively filamentous phenotype like that observed in mutants defective in adenylate cyclase. In this study, it was demonstrated that disruption of the adrl gene, previously isolated from U. maydis and predicted to encode a PKA C-subunit, indeed resulted in a constitutively filamentous phenotype. Cells carrying the disrupted adrl gene also showed reduced virulence, as was seen for adenylate cyclase mutants in previous studies. In addition, mutant cells defective in both the adrl and ubcl (encoding the regulatory subunit of PKA) genes displayed hyphal growth, identical to the growth pattern seen with a mutant disrupted only in adrl. Interestingly, when another putative PKA C-subunit-encoding gene (ukal), was isolated and disrupted, the resulting mutant exhibited no detectable phenotypic differences in morphology, mating and virulence compared with wild type. When both the ukal and ubcl genes were disrupted, a modified multiple-budding pattern was detected, where cells not only produced multiple buds but also commonly formed chains of cells. Mutants carrying disruptions of the two putative PKA C-subunit-encoding genes displayed somewhat attenuated filamentous growth compared to the single adrl gene disruption mutant. This reduction of "fuzziness" was more noticeable in terms of colony morphology, but less obvious for cellular morphology. The results described in this thesis provide further evidence for a role of the cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway in the morphological transition of 17. may dis. Similar observations have been made in some other dimorphic fungi. Moreover, the results presented here illustrate that despite the fact that both the ukal and adrl genes were predicted to encode PKA C-subunits in U. maydis, each PKA C-subunit seems to have a different cellular function; Adrl appeared to play a major role in morphogenesis while Ukal plays a more minor role.
Rest frame light curves of Swift GRBs
Creators: name: Mangano, V.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Troja, E.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Mineo, T.
name: Burrows, D.
name: Campana, S.
name: Capalbi, M.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Perri, M.
name: Romano, P.
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed the luminosity rest frame light curves of the first 40 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by Swift with well established redshift. We studied average properties of the light curves in the four subsamples of bursts given by z<1, 1=4. We conclude that all the last three subsamples share the same morphology and the same luminosity range. Very high redshift (z>=4) GRBs detected up to now are not intrinsically longer than lower redshift long GRBs. Nearby long GRBs (z<1) are fainter than average. Possible selection effect are under investigation.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of "SWIFT and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe" June 5-9, 2006 Venice (Italy). New version with official aknowledgments