cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Random walk on fixed spheres method for electro- and elastostatics problems
Creators: name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Levykin, Alexander I.
name: Shalimova, Irina
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Random Walk methods
subject: stochastic iterative pprocedures
subject: Lame equation
subject: systems of spherical integral equations
subject: 65C05
subject: 65F10
subject: 65Z05

description: Stochastic algorithms for solving Dirichlet boundary value problems for the Laplace and Lame equations governing 2D elasticity problems are developed. The approach presented is based on the Poisson integral formula written for each disc of a domain consisting of a family of overlapping discs. The original differential boundary value problem is reformulated in the form of equivalent system of integral equations defined on the intersection surfaces, i.e., arcs in 2D. A Random Walk algorithm can be applied then directly to the obtained system of integral equations where the random walks are living on the intersecting surfaces. We develop also a discrete random walk technique for solving the system of linear equations approximating the system of integral equations. We construct a randomized version of the successive over relaxation (SOR) method. In [6] we have demonstrated that in the case of classical potential theory our method considerably improves the convergence rate of the standard Random Walk on Spheres method. In this paper we extend the algorithm to the system of Lame equations which cannot be solved by the conventional Random Walk on Spheres method. Illustrating computations for 2D Laplace and Lame equations, and comparative analysis of different stochastic algorithms are presented.
Rare events and the convergence of exponentially averaged work values
Creators: name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium free energy differences are given by exponential averages of nonequilibrium work values; such averages, however, often converge poorly, as they are dominated by rare realizations. I show that there is a simple and intuitively appealing description of these rare but dominant realizations. This description is expressed as a duality between ``forward'' and ``reverse'' processes, and provides both heuristic insights and quantitative estimates regarding the number of realizations needed for convergence of the exponential average. Analogous results apply to the equilibrium perturbation method of estimating free energy differences. The pedagogical example of a piston and gas [R.C. Lua and A.Y. Grosberg, J. Phys. Chem. B vol. 109, p. 6805 (2005)] is used to illustrate the general discussion.
description: 15 pages, including 6 figures
A fast stratified sampling simulation of coagulation processes
Creators: name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Levykin, Alexander I.
name: Privalova, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Smoluchowski coagulation equation
subject: stratified sampling
subject: 2D diffusion controlled coagulation
subject: 65C05
subject: 65C35
subject: 65Z05

description: We develop a new version of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method [3] for coagulation processes governed by homogeneous Smoluchowsky equations. The method is based on a subdivision of the set of particle pairs into classes, and on an efficient algorithm for sampling from a discrete distribution, the so-called Walker's alias method [4]. The efficiency of the new method is drastically increased compared to the conventional methods, especially when the coagulation kernel is strongly varying. The method is applied to solving a problem of islands formation on a surface due to a diffusion controlled coagulation.
On highest-energy state in the su(1|1) sector of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Arutyunov, G.
name: Tseytlin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the highest-energy state in the su(1|1) sector of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory containing operators of the form tr(Z^{L-M} ψ^M) where Z is a complex scalar and ψis a component of gaugino. We show that this state corresponds to the operator tr(ψ^L) and can be viewed as an analogue of the antiferromagnetic state in the su(2) sector. We find perturbative expansions of the energy of this state in both weak and strong 't Hooft coupling regimes using asymptotic gauge theory Bethe ansatz equations. We also discuss a possible analog of this state in the conjectured string Bethe ansatz equations.
description: 23 pages, Latex
Random walk on fixed spheres for Laplace and Lamé equations
Creators: name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Shalimova, Irina
name: Levykin, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Poisson integral formula
subject: random walk on fixed spheres
subject: Lamé equation
subject: successive over relaxation method
subject: divergent Neumann series
subject: discrete random walks
subject: 65C05
subject: 65C20
subject: 74B05
subject: 02.70.Lq

description: The Random Walk on Fixed Spheres (RWFS) introduced in our previous paper is presented in details for Laplace and Lamé equations governing static elasticity problems. The approach is based on the Poisson type integral formulae written for each disc of a domain consisting of a family of overlapping discs. The original differential boundary value problem is equivalently reformulated in the form of a system of integral equations defined on the intersection surfaces (arches, in 2D, and caps, if generalized to 3D spheres). To solve the obtained system of integral equations, a Random Walk procedure is constructed where the random walks are living on the intersecting surfaces. Since the spheres are fixed, it is convenient to construct also discrete random walk methods for solving the system of linear equations approximating the system of integral equations. We develop here two classes of special Monte Carlo iterative methods for solving these systems of linear algebraic equations which are constructed as a kind of randomized versions of the Chebyshev iteration method and Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) method. It is found that in this class of randomized SOR methods, the Gauss-Seidel method has a minimal variance. In our prevoius paper we have concluded that in the case of classical potential theory, the Random Walk on Fixed Spheres considerably improves the convergence rate of the standard Random Walk on Spheres method. More interesting, we succeeded there to extend the algorithm to the system of Lamé equations which cannot be solved by the conventional Random Walk on Spheres method. We present here a series of numerical experiments for 2D domains consisting of 5, 10, and 17 discs, and analyze the dependence of the variance on the number of discs and elastic constants. Further generalizations to Neumann and Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions are also possible.
The Anti-Obesity Compound Asperuloside Reduces Inflammation in the Liver and Hypothalamus of High-Fat-Fed Mice
Creators: name: Ishaq, Muhammad
name: Tran, Duyen
name: Yang, Cheng
name: Ng, Min Jia
name: Kackanattil, Arlene
name: Tata, Karthik
name: Deans, Bianca J
name: Bleasel, Martin
name: Vicenzi, Silvia
name: Randall, Cameron
name: Ahmad, Tauseef
name: Vicario, Carmelo
name: Ronci, Maurizio
name: Zuccarini, Mariachiara
name: Ciccarelli, Renata
name: Scowen, Paul
name: Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar
name: Jacobson, Glenn
name: Bissember, Alex C
name: Smith, Jason A
name: Eri, Rajaraman
name: Canales, Juan
name: Iglesias, Miguel
name: Guven, Nuri
name: Caruso, Vanni
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022

description: Obesity produces a systemic low-grade inflammation associated with many adverse health conditions and, as we recently learned, with complications of COVID-19. Functional studies in animal models have demonstrated that asperuloside, an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants, has produced promising anti-obesity results. However, the safety profile and the anti-inflammatory properties of asperuloside remain unknown. Here, we confirmed the previously reported anti-obesity properties of asperuloside, and, importantly, we performed toxicity studies assessing cell viability providing a dose reference for future animal experiments. Asperuloside significantly reduced blood levels of leptin and the mRNA levels of orexigenic peptides, such as NPY and AgRP in mice consuming HFD, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. In addition, our results indicate that ASP reduced both hypothalamic and hepatic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the blood levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which are known to play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. Collectively, our findings suggest that asperuloside is a safe compound for long-term use in animal models and that it reduces the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurring in obesity.
Detectability of Strange Matter in Heavy Ion Experiments
Creators: name: Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen
name: Greiner, Carsten
name: Diener, Alexander
name: Stoecker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of two distinct forms of hypothetical strange matter, small lumps of strange quark matter (strangelets) and of hyperon matter (metastable exotic multihypernuclear objects: MEMOs), with special emphasis on their relevance for present and future heavy ion experiments. The masses of small strangelets up to A = 40 are calculated using the MIT bag model with shell mode filling for various bag parameters. The strangelets are checked for possible strong and weak hadronic decays, also taking into account multiple hadron decays. It is found that strangelets which are stable against strong decay are most likely highly negative charged, contrary to previous findings. Strangelets can be stable against weak hadronic decay but their masses and charges are still rather high. This has serious impact on the present high sensitivity searches in heavy ion experiments at the AGS and CERN facilities. On the other hand, highly charged MEMOs are predicted on the basis of an extended relativistic mean-field model. Those objects could be detected in future experiments searching for short-lived, rare composites. It is demonstrated that future experiments can be sensitive to a much wider variety of strangelets.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, uses RevTeX and epsf.sty
A class of minimum principles for characterizing the trajectories and the relaxation of dissipative systems
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Ortiz, Michael
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Gamma convergence
subject: relaxation
subject: energetic formulation
subject: rate-independent problems
subject: microstructure
subject: 35K90
subject: 49J40
subject: 49S05

description: This work is concerned with the reformulation of evolutionary problems in a weak form enabling consideration of solutions that may exhibit evolving microstructures. This reformulation is accomplished by expressing the evolutionary problem in variational form, i.e., by identifying a functional whose minimizers represent entire trajectories of the system. The particular class of functionals under consideration is derived by first defining a sequence of time-discretized minimum problems and subsequently formally passing to the limit of continuous time. The resulting functionals may be regarded as elliptic regularizations of the original evolutionary problem. We find that the $Gamma$-limits of interest are highly degenerate and provide limited information regarding the limiting trajectories of the system. Instead we seek to characterize the minimizing trajectories directly. The special class of problems characterized by a rate-independent dissipation functional is amenable to a particularly illuminating analysis. For these systems it is possible to derive a priori bounds that are independent of the regularizing parameter, whence it is possible to extract convergent subsequences and find the limiting trajectories. Under general assumptions on the functionals, we show that all such limits satisfy the energetic formulation (S) & (E) for rate-independent systems. Moreover, we show that the accumulation points of the regularized solutions solve the associated limiting energetic formulation.
Stochastic simulation method for a 2D elasticity problem with random loads
Creators: name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Shalimova, Irina
name: Levykin, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Isotropic Random Fields
subject: Spectral Tensor
subject: Poisson integral formula
subject: Random Walk on Fixed Spheres
subject: Lamé equation
subject: Successive Over Relaxation Method
subject: Transverse and Longitudinal Correlations
subject: 65C05
subject: 65C20
subject: 65Z05

description: We develop a stochastic simulation method for a numerical solution of the Lamé equation with random loads. To treat the general case of large intensity of random loads, we use the Random Walk on Fixed Spheres (RWFS) method described in our paper citesab-lev-shal-2006. The vector random field of loads which stands in the right-hand-side of the system of elasticity equations is simulated by the Randomization Spectral method presented in citesab-1991 and recently revised and generalized in citekurb-sab-2006. Comparative analysis of RWFS method and an alternative direct evaluation of the correlation tensor of the solution is made. We derive also a closed boundary value problem for the correlation tensor of the solution which is applicable in the case of inhomogeneous random loads. Calculations of the longitudinal and transverse correlations are presented for a domain which is a union of two arbitrarily overlapped discs. We also discuss a possibility to solve an inverse problem of determination of the elastic constants from the known longitudinal and transverse correlations of the loads.
Evolution of Alfvénic fluctuations inside an interplanetary coronal mass ejection and their contributions to local plasma heating: Joint observations from 1.0 AU to 5.4 AU
Creators: name: Li, Hui
name: Wang, Chi
name: Richardson, John D.
name: Tu, Cui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directly tracking an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) by widely separated spacecrafts is a great challenge. However, such an event could provide us a good opportunity to study the evolution of embedded Alfvénic fluctuations (AFs) inside ICME and their contributions to local plasma heating directly. In this study, an ICME observed by Wind at 1.0 au on March 4-6 1998 is tracked to the location of Ulysess at 5.4 au. AFs are commonly found inside the ICME at 1.0 au, with an occurrence rate of 21.7% and at broadband frequencies from 4$\times 10^{-4}$ to 5$\times 10^{-2}$ Hz. When the ICME propagates to 5.4 au, the Aflvénicity decreases significantly, and AFs are rare and only found at few localized frequencies with the occurrence rate decreasing to 3.0%. At the same time, the magnetic field intensity at the AF-rich region has an extra magnetic dissipation except ICME expansion effect. The energetics of the ICME at different radial distance is also investigated here. Under similar magnetic field intensity situations at 1.0 au, the turbulence cascade rate at the AF-rich region is much larger than the value at the AF-lack region. Moreover, it can maintain as the decrease of magnetic field intensity if there is lack of AFs. However, when there exists many AFs, it reduces significantly as the AFs disappear. The turbulence cascade dissipation rate within the ICME is inferred to be 1622.3 $J\cdot kg^{-1}\cdot s^{-1}$, which satisfies the requirement of local ICME plasma heating rate, 1653.2 $J\cdot kg^{-1}\cdot s^{-1}$. We suggest that AF dissipation is responsible for extra magnetic dissipation and local plasma heating inside ICME.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Clues to Quasar Broad Line Region Geometry and Kinematics
Creators: name: Vestergaard, M.
name: Wilkes, B. J.
name: Barthel, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence that the high-velocity CIV lambda 1549 emission line gas of radio-loud quasars may originate in a disk-like configuration, in close proximity to the accretion disk often assumed to emit the low-ionization lines. For a sample of 36 radio-loud z~2 quasars we find the 20--30% peak width to show significant inverse correlations with the fractional radio core-flux density, R, the radio axis inclination indicator. Highly inclined systems have broader line wings, consistent with a high-velocity field perpendicular to the radio axis. By contrast, the narrow line-core shows no such relation with R, so the lowest velocity CIV-emitting gas has an inclination independent velocity field. We propose that this low-velocity gas is located at higher disk-altitudes than the high-velocity gas. A planar origin of the high-velocity CIV-emission is consistent with the current results and with an accretion disk-wind emitting the broad lines. A spherical distribution of randomly orbiting broad-line clouds and a polar high-ionization outflow are ruled out.
description: 5 Latex pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Finite-Thickness and Charge Relaxation in Double-Layer Interactions
Creators: name: Torres, Aldemar
name: van Roij, Rene
name: Tellez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the classical Gouy-Chapman model of two planar parallel interacting double-layers, which is used as a first approximation to describe the force between colloidal particles, by considering the finite-thickness of the colloids. The formation of two additional double layers due to this finite thickness, modifies the interaction force compared to the Gouy-Chapman case, in which the colloids are semi-infinite objects. In this paper we calculate this interaction force and some other size-dependent properties using a mean field level of description, based on the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation. We show that in the case of finite-size colloids, this equation can be set in a closed form depending on the geometrical parameters and on their surface charge. The corresponding linear (Debye-Huckel) theory and the well-known results for semi-infinite colloids are recovered from this formal solution after taking appropriate limits. We use a density functional corresponding to the PB level of description to show how in the case when the total colloidal charge is fixed, it redistribute itself on their surfaces to minimize the energy of the system depending on the afore mentioned parameters. We study how this charge relaxation affects the colloidal interactions.
Health and Work Capacity of Older Adults: Estimates and Implications for Social Security Policy
Creators: name: Cutler, David M.
name: Meara, Ellen
name: Richards-Shubik, Seth
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The simultaneous growth in longevity and mounting budget deficits in the U.S. have increased interest in raising the age of eligibility for public health and retirement benefits. The consequences of this policy depend on the health of the near elderly, and on the distribution of health by demographic group. We simulate the work capacity and likely disability experience of near elderly individuals (62-64 year-olds) based on the work, disability, and retirement status of slightly younger people. Our estimates, from two distinct data sets, indicate that work capacity is substantial at this age. Because health deteriorates very slowly from ages 60-65, labor force participation could rise by 15-20 percent for all demographic groups, while overall disability rates would change very little. However, less advantaged groups would face challenges in the labor market. The expected earnings of current non-workers without any college education are lower than similar workers, by 15 to 25 percent, indicating the uneven burden of changes in the age of eligibility
Global regularity and probabilistic schemes for free boundary surfaces of multivariate American derivatives and their Greeks
Creators: name: Kampen, Jörg
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: multivariate American derivatives
subject: regularity
subject: free boundary surfaces
subject: probabilistic schemes
subject: front fixing
subject: 35R35
subject: 60G46

description: In a rather general setting of multivariate stochastic volatility market models we derive global iterative probabilistic schemes for computing the free boundary and its Greeks for a generic class of American derivative models using front-fixing methods. Establishment of convergence is closely linked to a proof of global regularity of the free boundary surface.
TXNIP inhibition in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives
Creators: name: Li, Aiyun
name: Guan, Li
name: Su, Wanzhen
name: Zhao, Ning
name: Song, Xuwen
name: Wang, Jin
name: Tang, Xiaoxiao
name: Li, Weize
name: Jiao, Xiangying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a potential drug target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. A series of quinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated to inhibit TXNIP expression and protect from palmitate (PA)-induced β cell injury. In vitro cell viability assay showed that compounds D-2 and C-1 could effectively protect β cell from PA-induced apoptosis, and subsequent results showed that these two compounds decreased TXNIP expression by accelerating its protein degradation. Mechanistically, compounds D-2 and C-1 reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modulated TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome signalling, and thus alleviating oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response under PA insult. Besides, these two compounds were predicted to possess better drug-likeness properties using SwissADME. The present study showed that compounds D-2 and C-1, especially compound D-2, were potent pancreatic β cell protective agents to inhibit TXNIP expression and might serve as promising lead candidates for the treatment of T2DM.
Central Extensions of Finite Heisenberg Groups in Cascading Quiver Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Burrington, Benjamin A.
name: Liu, James T.
name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many conformal quiver gauge theories admit nonconformal generalizations. These generalizations change the rank of some of the gauge groups in a consistent way, inducing a running in the gauge couplings. We find a group of discrete transformation that acts on a large class of these theories. These transformations form a central extension of the Heisenberg group, generalizing the Heisenberg group of the conformal case, when all gauge groups have the same rank. In the AdS/CFT correspondence the nonconformal quiver gauge theory is dual to supergravity backgrounds with both five-form and three-form flux. A direct implication is that operators counting wrapped branes satisfy a central extension of a finite Heisenberg group and therefore do not commute.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Completeness Rules for Spin Observables in Pseudoscalar Meson Photoproduction
Creators: name: Chiang, Wen-Tai
name: Tabakin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number and type of measurements needed to ascertain the amplitudes for pseudoscalar meson photoproduction are analyzed in this paper. It is found that 8 carefully selected measurements can determine the four transversity amplitudes without discrete ambiguities. That number of measurements is one less than previously believed. We approach this problem in two distinct ways: (1) solving for the amplitude magnitudes and phases directly; and (2) using a bilinear helicity product formulation to map an algebra of measurements over to the well-known algebra of the $4\times 4$ Gamma matrices. It is shown that the latter method leads to an alternate proof that 8 carefully chosen experiments suffice for determining the transversity amplitudes completely. In addition, Fierz transformations of the Gamma matrices are used to develop useful linear and nonlinear relationships between the spin observables. These relationships not only help in finding complete sets of experiments, but also yield important constraints between the 16 observables for this reaction.
description: 32 pages, no figures, LaTeX/REVTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, typos corrected
Melieria etrusca Rondani 1869
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ulidiidae
Melieria
Melieria etrusca

description: Melieria etrusca Rondani, 1869
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1869a: 17 (key), 18 (description).
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ in Etruria … in ditione florentina … in agro Lucensi [Etruria (= Tuscany) … Florentine territory … Lucca’s territory (Italy)]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♂, lectotype (left wing glued to a cardboard stage pinned below specimen, abdomen and terminalia on a slide) (MZUF: Box 30): Melieria Desv. / etrusca Rnd., Etrur. [= Etruria (Tuscany)], Giarretta [word not interpreted] / 1599 / Lectotypus Melieria etrusca Rnd., ♂, desig. Á. Soós, 1978 / Melieria omissa Meig., ♂, det. Á. Soós, 1978.
 PARALECTOTYPE EXAMINED: 1 ♀ (head detached, glued to label bearing the identification number, thorax partially eaten by dermestids) (MZUF: Box 30): Melieria Desv. / etrusca Rnd., Etrur. [= Etruria (Tuscany)], Sicil. / 1599 / Paralectotypus Melieria parmensis Rnd., ♀, desig. Á. Soós, 1978 / Melieria omissa Meig., ♀, det. Á. Soós, 1978.
 SLIDE: Genitalia and abdomen on slide n° 20 (Box Diptera Rondani 3): Melieria etrusca Lectotypus des. Soós, n. 1599.
 CURRENT STATUS: Soós (1984c) did not list this nominal species; junior synonym of Melieria omissa (Meigen, 1826) (Soós 1983: 258, Kameneva 2008: 431).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1869a: 18) described Melieria etrusca without specifying the number, the sex or the length of the specimens, received from F.M. Piccioli and A.H. Haliday. Soós (1983: 258) designated a lectotype (♂) and paralectotype (♀). The locality Sicil. [= Sicily] on the paralectotype label probably referred to a subsequent addition.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Social Learning in Dogs. A Meta Analysis and Systematic Review
Creators: name: Parks, Anya
name: Buckley, Colleen M
name: Stevens, Jeffrey R
name: Subiaul, Francys
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social Statistics
subject: Animal Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Comparative Psychology
subject: Canis familiaris
subject: Dogs
subject: Meta-Analysis
subject: PRISMA
subject: Social Learning

description: There is substantial evidence and agreement that domestic dogs are capable of social learning. The forms of social learning they are able to engage in, however, are subject to much more intensive debate. This review seeks to 1) categorize types of dog social learning into four categories for the sake of standardizing definitions and 2) summarize the progress made in the field of canine cognition research so that we can collectively identify where we should go as a field.
Guns, Privacy, and Crime
Creators: name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Tucker, Catherine
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We investigate the impact of an information shock – the public exposure of the names and addresses of holders of handgun carry permits – on criminals’ propensity to commit crimes. In December 2008, a Memphis, TN newspaper published a searchable online database of names, zip codes, and ages of Tennessee handgun carry permit holders. Once news of the database publication spread, an intense and acrimonious debate arose. Permit holders flooded the newspaper demanding its removal, on the grounds that the database invaded their privacy. Gun rights associations argued that the newspaper had put law-abiding gun owners at risk, giving criminals a pathway to burglarize their homes. The newspaper responded by suggesting that any criminal who perused the database would, in fact, be more likely to avoid households they believed to contain guns. We use detailed crime and handgun carry permit data for Memphis to estimate the impact of the database publication on different types of crime. We find that crimes more likely to be affected by knowledge of gun ownership - such as burglaries - increased more significantly, after the database was publicized, in zip codes with fewer gun permits, and decreased in those with more gun permits. We find no comparable effect for crimes that are usually not premeditated, like assaults or shootings, or in nearby areas and comparable cities that were not covered by the published database. We also find no evidence that publishing the identities of gun permit holders led to a relative increase in crimes aimed at stealing their weapons. Our findings contribute to the debate on gun control and crime, and to the debate on the privacy and security trade-offs associated with the public dissemination of governmental data.
The existence of triangulations of non-convex polyhedra without new vertices
Creators: name: Si, Hang
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: non-convex polyhedron
subject: regular subdivision
subject: triangulation
subject: Steiner points
subject: 52B55
subject: 65D18

description: It is well known that a simple three-dimensional non-convex polyhedron may not be triangulated without using new vertices (so-called it Steiner points). In this paper, we prove a condition that guarantees the existence of a triangulation of a non-convex polyhedron (of any dimension) without Steiner points. We briefly discuss algorithms for efficiently triangulating three-dimensional polyhedra.
A model for two phase flow with evaporation
Creators: name: Krahl, Rolf
name: Adamov, Miroslav
name: Lozano Aviles, Miriam
name: Bänsch, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: evaporation
subject: two phase flow
subject: free capillary surface
subject: phase change
subject: model
subject: 80A20
subject: 76T10
subject: 76D05

description: The dynamic behavior of a free gas--liquid phase boundary is often influenced by evaporation or condensation to an extend that may not be neglected. In this paper, we derive a general model for the dynamics of a two phase flow with evaporation, starting from the balance of mass, energy, and momentum. The model takes into account that the gas phase might consist of a mixture of vapor and inert gas. It is based on the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in the bulk of the liquid and the gas phase, convection--diffusion equations for heat and vapor, and appropriate conditions for the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy through the phase boundary. As a simplification, the flow field in the liquid and gaseous phase can be decoupled, if the stress from the gas phase on the free surface is neglected. The special case of a gas phase containing only pure vapor is considered, which allows one to neglect the gas phase completely, leading to a single phase flow problem with a free boundary.
Studies on Two Supreme Principles of Plato's Cosmos: The One and the Indefinite Dyad—The Division of a Straight Line into Extreme and Mean Ratio, and Pingala's Mātrāmeru
Creators: name: Salamone, Maria Antonietta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Plato
Cosmology
Timaeus
Epinomis
justice
Equality
division in extreme and mean ratio
golden proportion
Pingala's Mātrāmeru
the one and the indefinite dyad

description: The objective of this paper is to propose a mathematical interpretation of the continuous geometric proportion (Timaeus, 32a) with which Plato accomplishes the goal to unify, harmonically and symmetrically, the Two Opposite Elements of Timaeus Cosmos—Fire and Earth—through the Mean Ratio. As we know, from the algebraic point of view, it is possible to compose a continuous geometric proportion just starting from two different quantities a (Fire) and b (Earth); their sum would be the third term, so that we would obtain the continuous geometric proportion par excellence, which carries out the agreement of opposites most perfectly: (a + b)/a = a/b. This equal proportion, applied to linear geometry, corresponds to what Euclid called the Division into Extreme and Mean Ratio (DEMR) or The Golden Proportion. In fact, according to my mathematical interpretation, in the Timaeus 32b and in the Epinomis 991 a–b, Plato uses Pingala’s Mātrāmeru or The First Analogy of the Double to mould the body of the Cosmos as a whole, to the point of identifying the two supreme principles of the Cosmos—the One (1) and the Indefinite Dyad (Φ and1/Φ)—with the DEMR. In effect, Fire and Earth are joined not by a single Mean Ratio but by two (namely, Air and Water). Moreover, using the Platonic approach to analyse the geometric properties of the shape of the Cosmos as a whole, I think that Timaeus constructed the 12 pentagonal faces of Dodecahedron by means of elementary Golden Triangles (a/b = Φ) and the Mātrāmeru sequence. And, this would prove that my mathematical interpretation of the platonic texts is at least plausible. It is probable that Plato refers to the paradigm of the Line of the Horizon in his Republic when he speaks of the Divided Line to explain his cosmological doctrine of ideas.
Gold Rush Legacy: American Minerals and the Knowledge Economy
Creators: name: Clay, Karen
name: Wright, Gavin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper argues that the discovery of gold in California and a federal policy that gave all of the rents in minerals on federal land to private parties led to two important, and closely related, outcomes. The first outcome was the development of a private-order property rights regime in the gold mining region, key elements of which would later be adopted as federal law. This regime, often considered a canonical example of the emergence of private-order property rights, protected the rights of active users of goldbearing land. As Umbeck (1981) documented, the rights and responsibilities of miners in a particular area were memorialized in a mining district code, which defined who could hold rights, what the rights were, and procedures for transferring rights. These codes and associated norms were successful at controlling violence and so allowed miners to focus the bulk of their energies on mining. Mining district codes also included provisions for the reallocation of rights of inactive users, through claim jumping. In Clay and Wright (2005), we argue that mining claims were not secure property rights as that concept is conventionally understood. This insecurity was in a sense built into the system, in that district codes gave considerable attention to the rights of claim jumpers, individuals who took over a claim deemed to be abandoned. Far from being a violation, ―claim jumping‖ brought productive land into use and was the most common method of acquiring a claim. Thus, codes both protected production on existing claims and regulated access to mining sites in a competitive race for high-value deposits.
Giant self-induced transparency of intense few-cycle terahertz pulses in n-doped silicon
Creators: name: Chefonov, O. V.
name: Ovchinnikov, A. V.
name: Romashevskiy, S. A.
name: Chai, X.
name: Ozaki, T.
name: Savel'ev, A. B.
name: Agranat, M. B.
name: Fortov, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of high-field terahertz transmission experiments on n-doped silicon (carrier concentration of $8.7\times10^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$) are presented. We use terahertz pulses with electric field strengths up to 3.1 MV cm$^{-1}$ and a pulse duration of 700 fs. Huge transmittance enhancement of $\sim$90 times is observed with increasing of the terahertz electric field strengths within the range of 1.5--3.1 MV cm$^{-1}$.
Asymptotic statistical equivalence for ergodic diffusions
Creators: name: Dalalyan, Arnak
name: Reiß, Markus
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Asymptotic equivalence
subject: statistical experiment
subject: Le Cam distance
subject: ergodic diffusion
subject: mixed Gaussian white noise
subject: 62B15
subject: 62C05
subject: 62G20
subject: 62M99

description: For scalar diffusion models with unknown drift function asymptotic equivalence in the sense of Le Cam's deficiency between statistical experiments is considered for long-time asymptotics. A local asymptotic equivalence result is established with an accompanying sequence of simple Gaussian shift experiments. Corresponding globally asymptotically equivalent experiments are obtained as compound experiments. The results are extended in several directions including time discretisation.
A four-field gyrofluid model with neoclassical effects for the study of the rotation velocity of magnetic islands in tokamaks
Creators: name: Casolari, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A four-field system of equations which includes the neoclassical flow damping effects and the lowest-order finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) corrections is deduced from a system of gyrofluid equations. The FLR corrections to the poloidal flow damping are calculated by solving a simplified version of the gyrokinetic equation. This system of equations is applied to the study of a chain of freely rotating magnetic islands in a tokamak, resulting from the nonlinear evolution of a resistive tearing mode, to determine the islands rotation velocity consistently with the fields radial profiles close to the resonant surface. The island rotation velocity is determined by imposing the torque-balance condition. The equations thus deduced are applied to the study of two different collisional regimes, namely the weak-damping regime and the intermediate damping regime. The equations reduce, in the weak damping regime, to a form already obtained in previous works, while an additional term, containing the lowest order FLR corrections to the poloidal flow damping, appears in the intermediate damping regime. The numerical integration of the final system of equations permits to determine the dependence of the island rotation velocity on the plasma collisionality and the islands width compared to the ion Larmor radius.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
The Pomeron and Gauge/String Duality
Creators: name: Brower, Richard C.
name: Polchinski, Joseph
name: Strassler, Matthew J.
name: Tan, Chung-I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional description of high-energy small-angle scattering in QCD has two components -- a soft Pomeron Regge pole for the tensor glueball, and a hard BFKL Pomeron in leading order at weak coupling. On the basis of gauge/string duality, we present a coherent treatment of the Pomeron. In large-N QCD-like theories, we use curved-space string-theory to describe simultaneously both the BFKL regime and the classic Regge regime. The problem reduces to finding the spectrum of a single j-plane Schrodinger operator. For ultraviolet-conformal theories, the spectrum exhibits a set of Regge trajectories at positive t, and a leading j-plane cut for negative t, the cross-over point being model-dependent. For theories with logarithmically-running couplings, one instead finds a discrete spectrum of poles at all t, where the Regge trajectories at positive t continuously become a set of slowly-varying and closely-spaced poles at negative t. Our results agree with expectations for the BFKL Pomeron at negative t, and with the expected glueball spectrum at positive t, but provide a framework in which they are unified. Effects beyond the single Pomeron exchange are briefly discussed.
description: 68 pages, uses JHEP3.cls, utphys.bst; references added, typos corrected, and clarifying remarks added
Gang Violence in the "Balance:" A Triadic Analysis of Rivalries and Allies
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kiminori
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The very existence and purpose of street gangs is predicated on having an external threat or enemy. It is also recognized that gangs form allies as well as rivals with other gangs. The fact that gangs are embedded in an intricate structure of both positive (ally) and negative (rivalry) relationships has rarely been explored in terms of understanding the levels and the patterns of gang violence. In this paper, we use structural balance theory along with its applications in the international relations literature to examine whether certain triadic structures in which two rival gangs i and j are related to a third gang with either an ally or rival relationship is linked to the levels of violence that i will inflict upon j. We analyze the data on inter-gang relations and violent incidents among the gangs in Long Beach, CA using multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MRQAP). Our results indicate that the actual violent incidents between two rival gangs are not only the product of their feuding relationships but also the third gangs and the nature of their relationship with the two gangs. The results can potentially contribute to the formulation of effective strategy to manage gang violence and allocate law enforcement resources to gang conflicts that are likely to escalate.
Gaining Trust Through Online Privacy Protection: Self-Regulation, Mandatory Standards, or Caveat Emptor
Creators: name: Zhulei  Tang
name: Hu, Yu Jeffrey
name: Smith, Michael
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Trust is particularly important in online markets to facilitate the transfer of sensitive consumer information to online retailers. In electronic markets, various proposals have been made to facilitate these information transfers. We develop analytic models of hidden information to analyze the effectiveness of these regimes to build trust and their efficiency in terms of social welfare. We find that firms' ability to influence consumer beliefs about trust depends on whether firms can send unambiguous signals to consumers regarding their intention of protecting privacy. Ambiguous signals can lead to a breakdown of consumer trust, while the clarity and credibility of the signal under industry self-regulation can lead to enhanced trust and improved social welfare. Our results also indicate that although overarching government regulations can enhance consumer trust, regulation may not be socially optimal in all environments because of lower profit margins for firms and higher prices for consumers.
Numerical investigation of the non-isothermal contact angle
Creators: name: Krahl, Rolf
name: Bänsch, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: two phase flow
subject: free capillary surface
subject: thermocapillarity
subject: contact angle
subject: Marangoni effect
subject: 76T10
subject: 76D45
subject: 80A20

description: The influence of thermocapillary stress on the shape of the gas-liquid phase boundary is investigated numerically. We consider the case of a cold liquid meniscus at a heated solid wall in the absence of gravity. An äpparent contact angle" is defined geometrically and the deviation of this apparent contact angle from the prescribed static contact angle due to thermocapillary convection is studied.
title: Graphics Processing Units: Abstract Modelling and Applications in Bioinformatics
Creators: name: Carroll, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: The Graphical Processing Unit is a specialised piece of hardware that contains many low powered cores, available on both the consumer and industrial market. The original Graphical Processing Units were designed for processing high quality graphical images, for presentation to the screen, and were therefore marketed to the computer games market segment. More recently, frameworks such as CUDA and OpenCL allowed the specialised highly parallel architecture of the Graphical Processing Unit to be used for not just graphical operations, but for general computation. This is known as General Purpose Programming on Graphical Processing Units, and it has attracted interest from the scientific community, looking for ways to exploit this highly parallel environment, which was cheaper and more accessible than the traditional High Performance Computing platforms, such as the supercomputer. This interest in developing algorithms that exploit the parallel architecture of the Graphical Processing Unit has highlighted the need for scientists to be able to analyse proposed algorithms, just as happens for proposed sequential algorithms. In this thesis, we study the abstract modelling of computation on the Graphical Processing Unit, and the application of Graphical Processing Unit-based algorithms in the field of bioinformatics, the field of using computational algorithms to solve biological problems. We show that existing abstract models for analysing parallel algorithms on the Graphical Processing Unit are not able to sufficiently and accurately model all that is required. We propose a new abstract model, called the Abstract Transferring Graphical Processing Unit Model, which is able to provide analysis of Graphical Processing Unit-based algorithms that is more accurate than existing abstract models. It does this by capturing the data transfer between the Central Processing Unit and the Graphical Processing Unit. We demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of our model with several computational problems, showing that our model provides greater accuracy than the existing models, verifying these claims using experiments. We also contribute novel Graphics Processing Unit-base solutions to two bioinformatics problems: DNA sequence alignment, and Protein spectral identification, demonstrating promising levels of improvement against the sequential Central Processing Unit experiments.