cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Listing Policy and Development of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in the Pre-War Period
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Hoshi, Takeo
name: Okazaki, Tetsuji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Commerce

description: Recent studies have established that the Japanese stock market had a substantial size in the pre-war period, and played an important role in financing economic development. The pre-war stock market in Japan, however, did not achieve its size and status quickly. Indeed, the market capitalization stayed relatively small during the early years of the stock market development in Japan. This paper studies the pre-war development of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which eventually grew to be one of the two largest stock exchanges in the pre-war Japan, and examines why the development was rather stagnant since its establishment in 1878 to the 1910s and what led to its take-off in the late 1910s. The paper argues that the TSE stayed small because low liquidity discouraged new companies from listing their stocks. The lack of growth in new listed stocks meant liquidity continued to be low until 1918, when the TSE slightly changed its listing policy to start listing companies without waiting for their listing applications. The paper provides empirical evidence from listing behavior of cotton spinning firms that shows the size of the market indeed mattered for their listing decision before 1918.
Magnetic hysteresis effects in superconducting coplanar microwave resonators
Creators: name: Bothner, Daniel
name: Gaber, Tobias
name: Kemmler, Matthias
name: Koelle, Dieter
name: Kleiner, Reinhold
name: Wünsch, Stefan
name: Siegel, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed transmission spectroscopy experiments on coplanar half wavelength niobium resonators at a temperature T=4.2 K. We observe not only a strong dependence of the quality factor Q and the resonance frequency f_res on an externally applied magnetic field but also on the magnetic history of our resonators, i.e. on the spatial distribution of trapped Abrikosov vortices in the device. We find these results to be valid for a broad range of frequencies and angles between the resonator plane and the magnetic field direction as well as for resonators with and without antidots near the edges of the center conductor and the ground planes. In a detailed analysis we show, that characteristic features of the experimental data can only be reproduced in calculations, if a highly inhomogeneous rf-current density and a flux density gradient with maxima at the edges of the superconductor is assumed. We furthermore demonstrate, that the hysteretic behaviour of the resonator properties can be used to considerably reduce the vortex induced losses and to fine-tune the resonance frequency by the proper way of cycling to a desired magnetic field.
THE USE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETES, ULTRA HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETES, AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY IN INCREASING THE BALLISTIC PROTECTION LEVEL OF FIELD FORTIFICATIONS
Creators: name: Wysoczański, Andrzej
name: Partyka, Jacek
name: Mackiewicz, Piotr
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2023

description: High-Performance Concretes (HPC) and Ultra High-Performance Concretes (UHPC) allow for the production of extremely durable construction elements when compared to those same elements made of C35/45 concrete. Increased compressive- and flexural strength markedly contribute to ballistic resistance reducing the area and depth of the “crater” which results from a potential impact of a projectile or a fragment. Additionally, the presence of dispersed fibres in these mixtures eliminates the need of using reinforcement bars, which, in turn, reduces the time expenditure and labour. The article compares the results of various ballistic tests of elements made of high-performance concrete mixtures to determine the viability of applying such elements in the defence sector. Furthermore, the authors present the possibility of adapting additive technologies for the performance of field fortification tasks by the military, as part of which the HPCs and UHPCs are used as working mixtures. The authors also show the possibility of fabricating construction elements without the use of formworks, as well as printing construction elements directly at the site of future operation of the buildings
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 284 Nr 3 (2023)
Dynamical Tides in Eccentric Binaries and Tidally-Excited Stellar Pulsations in KEPLER KOI-54
Creators: name: Fuller, Jim
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observation of the tidally-excited stellar oscillations in the main-sequence binary KOI-54 by the KEPLER satellite provides a unique opportunity for studying dynamical tides in eccentric binary systems. We develop a general theory of tidal excitation of oscillation modes of rotating binary stars, and apply our theory to tidally excited gravity modes (g-modes) in KOI-54. The strongest observed oscillations, which occur at 90 and 91 times the orbital frequency, are likely due to prograde m=2 modes (relative to the stellar spin axis) locked in resonance with the orbit. The remaining flux oscillations with frequencies that are integer multiples of the orbital frequency are likely due to nearly resonant m=0 g-modes; such axisymmetric modes generate larger flux variations compared to the m=2 modes, assuming that the spin inclination angle of the star is comparable to the orbital inclination angle. We examine the process of resonance mode locking under the combined effects of dynamical tides on the stellar spin and orbit and the intrinsic stellar spindown. We show that KOI-54 can naturally evolve into a state in which at least one m=2 mode is locked in resonance with the orbital frequency. Our analysis provides an explanation for the fact that only oscillations with frequencies less than 90-100 times the orbital frequency are observed. We have also found evidence from the published KEPLER result that three-mode nonlinear coupling occurs in the KOI-54 system. We suggest that such nonlinear mode coupling may explain the observed oscillations that are not harmonics of the orbital frequency.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Credit channels and the small firm sector in Japan
Creators: name: Kuwayama, Patricia H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This study looked for evidence of a "credit channel", amplifying monetary impulses transmitted to the real economy via small manufacturing firms in Japan. It was inspired by several studies that found evidence of such a "financial accelerator" in the United States. The results are largely negative, however: There do not appear to be systematic differences in the cyclical response of small, as compared to large, firms to monetary tightening in Japan. This leads to a look at differing characteristics of the small-firm sector in the two countries: Specifically, one of the main reasons for believing that small firms are credit-constrained is that they tend to be relatively young firms, lacking a track record that helps to overcome informational asymmetries and to lower the cost of external finance. But, there is some evidence suggesting that the strong correlation between age and size of firm may not apply in Japan, which has startlingly low firm turnover rates compared to other industrial countries. The implication is that, while a credit channel may well exist in Japan, it cannot be identified by using firm size as a proxy for credit access; more direct measures need to be employed, probably using cross-sectional data. An appendix to this paper is devoted to data issues relating to the Ministry of Finance's quarterly survey of corporations, including problems with the size classification based on paid-in capital. These data problems, while important, do not explain away the lack of evidence for a "credit channel" through small firms.
Additional file 1 of ‘A radical operation’ – a thematic analysis of newspaper framing of bariatric surgery in adolescents
Creators: name: Lefere, Sander
name: Vergote, Kato
name: De Bruyne, Ruth
name: Provoost, Veerle
name: Satalkar, Priya P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Overview of included newspaper article metadata.
Air transport policy in Japan
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Hirotaka
name: Ito, Takatoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper reviews the development and status of the airline industry of Japan and the points of debate in the recent Japan-U.S. airline dispute. Until 1986, international routes were given only to Japan Air Lines, while domestic routes were dominated by All Nippon Airways, with minor shares given to JAL (major routes only) and Japan Air System (local, short-haul routes only). A policy change in 1986 allowed the three airlines to mutually expand into each other's routes. Major deregulation on airfares did not come until 1995-96. The original Japan-U.S. treaty of 1952 was "unfair" in the sense that the U.S. carriers were given more freedom than their Japanese counterparts, especially in "beyond rights." The amendments of 1982, 1985, and 1989 expanded the routes of Japanese airlines (JAL and new entries of ANA and JAS) as well as those of the new U.S. entrants (American and Delta). However, disputes remain between the two countries over routes, frequencies of flights, and beyond rights. Interestingly, these disputes are not always divided along national boundaries: Carriers with large market shares (JAL, United, Northwest and FEDEX) have an incentive to stall negotiations, while restricted carriers (ANA, Nippon Cargo Airlines, AA, DL, Continental, and UPS) are eager to open negotiations in order to expand their routes.
The Japanese business system: Key features and prospects for change
Creators: name: Westney, D. E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper argues that the Japanese business system cannot be adequately understood without extending the focus of analysis beyond the individual firm to the vertical keiretsu, or business group. The vertical group or keiretsu structure was first identified and studied in the auto and electronics industries, where it is most strongly marked, but it characterizes virtually all sectors, service industries as well as manufacturing. Large industrial vertical keiretsu are composed of subsidiaries engaged in three distinct types of activities (manufacturing, marketing, and quasi-related business.) The coordination and control systems are built on the flows of products, financial resources, information and technology, and people across formal company boundaries, with the parent firm controlling the key flows. The paper examines the prevailing explanations first for the emergence and then for the persistence of the vertical group structure, and looks at the current pressures for change and adaptation in the system.
The components of the bid-ask spread in a limit-order market: Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Creators: name: Ahn, Hee-Joon
name: Cai, Jun
name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Ho, Richard Y. K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper analyzes the components of the bid-ask spread in the limit-order book of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). While the behavior of spread components in U.S. markets has been extensively studied, little is known about the spread components in a pure limit-order market. We find that both the adverse selection and order handling cost components of the TSE exhibit U-shape patterns independently, in contrast to the findings of Madhavan, Richardson, and Roomans (1997) for U.S. stocks. On the TSE, there does not exist an upstairs market that allows large trades to be prenegotiated or certified as on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This feature of the TSE provides a valuable opportunity to examine the relationship between trade size and spread components. Our results show that the adverse selection cost increases with trade size while order handling cost decreases with it.
Additional file 1 of Behavioral changes of preventive activities of influenza among children in satellite cities of a metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan, by the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Matsuda, Ayako
name: Asayama, Kei
name: Obara, Taku
name: Yagi, Naoto
name: Ohkubo, Takayoshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Adjusted odds ratios for influenza infection during the Preseason (the 2018–2019 season).
Update on Japanese bad debt restructuring
Creators: name: Shiota, Yoshinobu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Over the past few years, Japan has slowly entered into the process of bad debt restructuring. This process is taking place in two phases: an initial phase of bad debt restructuring, namely the consolidation of ownership of bad assets, which is now surfacing as bad asset receptors are being established; and a second phase, regarding the dispersion of ownership of bad assets, which has not yet emerged but will occur gradually over the next five years. The author explores a range of investment opportunities that are emerging as this restructuring process takes place. Particularly, two developments from last summer - the establishment of the Housing Loan Administration Corporation and the Resolution and Collection Bank - indicate that borrowers from Jusen companies and failed credit co-ops are no longer supported by the Japanese banking system. These borrowers, largely real estate developers many of whom are already technically insolvent, have been left with no other alternative but significant reorganization including the total liquidation of assets. Opportunities are arising from these bankruptcy/liquidation sales. Another area of opportunity lies in the increasing consolidation among banks, particularly among smaller shinking and second-tier regional banks which have been left without any specific official rescue packages due to the current political climate. As they consolidate there will be a further growth of opportunities for investors.
DRON JAKO SOJUSZNIK W OPERACJACH LOTNISKOWYCH - INTEGRACJA OPERACJI DRONÓW NA LOTNISKACH
Creators: name: Leśnikowski, Władysław
Publisher: name: Wiedza Obronna
Year: 2023

description: W artykule została poruszona problematyka bezzałogowych statków powietrznych i ich wykorzystania w operacjach lotniskowych. Obsługa statków powietrznych przez drony w przeprowadzaniu inspekcji, konserwacji posiada wiele czynników mających wpływ na jego jakość, bezpieczeństwo, czas i oszczędności. Drony w przeprowadzaniu inspekcji statków powietrznych, infrastruktury lotniskowej mają wpływ w procesie ograniczania ryzyka wpływu człowieka na obsługę techniczną statków powietrznych, wyeliminowania awarii czynnika ludzkiego oraz zmniejszenia ryzyka utraty zdrowia czy życia w czasie wykonywania tych procedur. Autor omawia również w artykule wykorzystanie dronów w procesie obsługi technicznej, napraw i remontów samolotów komercyjnych, zarządzaniu ciągłością do lotu. Poruszony został również temat koncepcje systemu ”Smart Hangar”. Zidentyfikowane zostały zagrożenia związane z wykorzystaniem dronów w procesie utrzymania ruchu, zagrożenia związane z tą działalnością.
description: Wiedza Obronna, Tom 284 Nr 3 (2023)
title: Glioma-amplified sequence KUB3 influences double-strand break repair after ionizing radiation
Creators: name: Fischer, Ulrike
name: Rheinheimer, Stefanie
name: Krempler, Andrea
name: Löbrich, Markus
name: Meese, Eckart
Publisher: name: Spandidos Publications
Year: 2021

description: Human glioblastomas are characterized by frequent DNA amplifications most often at chromosome regions 7p11.2 and 12q13-15. Although amplification is a well-known hallmark of glioblastoma genetics the function of most amplified genes in glioblastoma biology is not understood. Previously, we cloned Ku70-binding protein 3 (KUB3) from the amplified domain at 12q13-15. Here, we report that glioblastoma cell cultures with endogenous KUB3 gene amplification and with elevated KUB3 protein expression show an efficient double-strand break (DSB) repair after being irradiated with 1 Gy. A significantly less efficient DSB repair was found in glioma cell cultures without KUB3 amplification and expression. Furthermore, we found that a siRNA-mediated reduction of the endogenous KUB3 expression in glioblastoma cells resulted in a reduction of the repair efficiency. HeLa cells transfected with KUB3 showed an increased DSB repair in comparison to untreated HeLa cells. In addition, KUB3 seems to influence DSB efficiency via the DNA-PK-dependent repair pathway as shown by simultaneous inhibition of KUB3 and DNA-PK. The data provide the first evidence for a link between the level of KUB3 amplification and expression in glioma and DSB repair efficiency.
The Recent Stellar Archeology of M31 - The Nearest Red Disk Galaxy
Creators: name: Davidge, T. J.
name: McConnachie, A. W.
name: Fardal, M. A.
name: Fliri, J.
name: Valls-Gabaud, D.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Lewis, G. F.
name: Rich, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the star-forming history (SFH) of the M31 disk during the past few hundred Myr. The luminosity functions (LFs) of main sequence stars at distances R_GC > 21 kpc (i.e. > 4 disk scale lengths) are matched by models that assume a constant star formation rate (SFR). However, at smaller R_GC the LFs suggest that during the past ~10 Myr the SFR was 2 - 3 times higher than during the preceding ~100 Myr. The rings of cool gas that harbor a significant fraction of the current star-forming activity are traced by stars with ages ~100 Myr, indicating that (1) these structures have ages of at least 100 Myr, and (2) stars in these structures do not follow the same relation between age and random velocity as their counterparts throughout the disks of other spiral galaxies, probably due to the inherently narrow orbital angular momentum distribution of the giant molecular clouds in these structures. The distribution of evolved red stars is not azimuthally symmetric, in the sense that their projected density along the north east segment of the major axis is roughly twice that on the opposite side of the galaxy. The north east arm of the major axis thus appears to be a fossil star-forming area that dates to intermediate epochs. Such a structure may be the consequence of interactions with a companion galaxy.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of DMC reports in the 21st century: towards better tools for decision-making
Creators: name: Vandemeulebroecke, Marc
name: Baillie, Mark
name: Mirshani, Ardalan
name: Lesaffre, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Source outputs from the Xanomeline Clinical Study Report (Word doc). Program code in R: https://github.com/DMC21cent/DMC21cent .
Double arc–continent collision record in the Latest Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogenic belt in Western Pakistan
Creators: name: Ullah, Inayat
name: Xue, Chuandong
name: Yang, Tiannan
name: Furnes, Harald
name: Dilek, Yildirim
name: Wang, Wei
name: Ghaffar, Abdul
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3705
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary Table 1. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb analyses results of the anorthosite gabbros (RSK-73 and RSK-68) and tonalite (RSK-59) from the RasKoh Arc, west Pakistan.
Voluntary simplicity as an urban lifestyle: resisting a consumer economy
Creators: name: Ambrose, Michelle S.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 214-226
description: Although much has been written about voluntary simplicity in the popular press and environmental literature, not as much attention has been paid to this concept by academics. Although this lifestyle preference has gained attention, there is no clear understanding of how voluntary simplifiers live in an affluent city like Calgary. This study explores their daily lives by drawing on qualitative data from 50 in-depth, semistructured interviews. Particular attention is paid to respondents' daily routine and experiences in the areas of family, friendships, work, finances, leisure, food, health care and consumption. In addition, focus is on their motivations for adopting the lifestyle and the rewards and challenges they experience. The findings indicate voluntary simplifiers are motivated to adopt the lifestyle for different reasons, but they share a common set of values and concerns which encourages them to, first, adopt a life in which overconsumption is shunned, and second, spend time creating a life of satisfaction and fulfillment. Furthermore, the research shows that despite there being numerous challenges and inconveniences associated with living a more simple life, the rewards, including better mental and physical health, peace of mind and happiness, plus an enhanced sense of personal autonomy, outweigh the challenges. In highlighting the characteristics and outcomes of living a more simple life, the study not only sheds light on how participants' navigate their daily lives, but also highlights the steps that can be taken to enhance personal well-being, satisfaction and an overall sense of positiveness which in tum can lead to greater physical and mental health.
Perturbative Analysis of Spectral Singularities and Their Optical Realizations
Creators: name: Mostafazadeh, Ali
name: Rostamzadeh, Saber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a perturbative method of computing spectral singularities of a Schreodinger operator defined by a general complex potential that vanishes outside a closed interval. These can be realized as zero-width resonances in optical gain media and correspond to a lasing effect that occurs at the threshold gain. Their time-reversed copies yield coherent perfect absorption of light that is also known as an antilaser. We use our general results to establish the exactness of the n-th order perturbation theory for an arbitrary complex potential consisting of n delta-functions, obtain an exact expression for the transfer matrix of these potentials, and examine spectral singularities of complex barrier potentials of arbitrary shape. In the context of optical spectral singularities, these correspond to inhomogeneous gain media.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, one table, a reference added, typos corrected
Minimal Inclusive Sets in Special Classes of Games
Creators: name: Sanchirico, Chris William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics

description: A companion paper, Sanchirico (1996a), provides a probabilistic theory of learning in games with the convergence property that, almost surely, play will remain almost always (i.e., forever after some point) within one of the stage game's "minimal inclusive sets." This paper investigates the size of minimal inclusive sets in several classes of games, notably, those for which other learning processes have been shown to converge (in various manners weaker than convergence of actual play). These include certain supermodular games, congestion games, potential games, games with identical interests, and games with bandwagon effects. It is shown that in all these classes, if all of a game's pure equilibria are strict (a fortiori, if its payoffs are generic), then all of its minimal inclusive sets will be singletons consisting of Nash equilibria.
Characterization and cloning of defence-related suppressors of mos4-1 snc1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Gannon, Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In response to pathogen infection, plants typically use RESISTANCE (R) proteins to recognize and induce a strong defence response. SNC1 belongs to a class of R-proteins, and the gain of function snc1 mutant has constitutively active immune responses. MOS4 has been identified through a snc1 suppressor screen. MOS4 interacts in a complex called the mos4-associated complex (MAC) which is homologous to splicing-related complexes in yeast and humans. However, no splicing defects have been observed in any MAC single mutants. Two MAC proteins, AtCDC5 (a transcription factor) and MAC3A/3B (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) could be responsible for defence signalling downstream of the MAC. Since mos4-1 has the same defence phenotype as both atcdc5 and mac3a/3b, mutations to any of these genes probably has the same effect on perturbing the MAC. We performed a mos4-1 snc1 suppressor screen to identify signalling components downstream of the MAC. The suppressor screen identified 31 dwarf mutants that all had either high PR2 defence gene expression or resistance to a virulent pathogen, H.a. Noco2, suggesting that the mutations affect defence signalling. Three mutants, 60B-1, 83-2 and 39-1, were characterized in greater detail and each of their respective mutations were mapped. 60B-1 carries a mutation to a known negative regulator of defence signalling, BON1. 83-2 carries a further gain of function mutation to snc1, however, unlike snc1 which causes snc1 protein accumulation, snc1 protein accumulation in 83-2 does not appear to be affected, suggesting that the protein is converted into a more active form. The molecular lesion in 39-1 was mapped near the southern telomere of chromosome 1, its exact location awaits discovery. We have shown that a mos4 snc1 suppressor screen can successfully identify both recessive negative regulators of defence and dominant positive regulators of defence.
Climate information for public health : a curriculum for best practices : putting principles to work
Creators: name: Cibrelus, Laurence
name: Gilma Constanza, Mantilla Caicedo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Public health
Environmental sciences
Health education

description: The mission of the IRI is to enhance society’s capability to understand, anticipate and manage the impacts of climate in order to improve human welfare and the environment, especially in developing countries. The IRI conducts this mission through strategic and applied research, education, capacity building, and by providing forecasts and information products with an emphasis on practical and verifiable utility and partnership.
Deep Autoencoders for ATLAS Data Compression - George Dialektakis - Google Summer of Code 2021 Project
Creators: name: Dialektakis George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Autoencoders
Machine Learning
Deep Learning
Data Compression
HEP
GSoC

description: Storage is one of the main limiting factors to the recording of information from proton-proton collision events at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva. Hence, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC uses a so-called trigger system, which selects and transfers interesting events to the data storage system while filtering out the rest. However, if interesting events are buried in very large backgrounds and difficult to identify as a signal by the trigger system, they will also be discarded together with the background. To alleviate this problem, different compression algorithms are already in use to reduce the size of the data that is recorded. One of those state-of-the-art algorithms is an autoencoder network that tries to implement an approximation to the identity, f(x) = x, and given some input data, its goal is to create a lower-dimensional representation of those data in a latent space using an encoder network. This way when collisions happen on the ATLAS Collider, we run the encoder on the produced data and we save only the latent space representation. Then using this latent representation online the decoder network can reconstruct the original data.
 The goal of this project is to experiment with different types of Autoencoders for data compression in-depth and optimize their performance in reconstructing the ATLAS event data. For this reason, three kinds of Autoencoders are proposed, and in specific, the Standard Autoencoder, the Variational Autoencoder, and the Sparse Autoencoder. The above Autoencoders and thoroughly tested using different parameters and data normalization techniques, as our ultimate goal is to obtain the best possible reconstructions of the original event data. The proposed implementations will be a decisive contribution towards future testing and analysis for the ATLAS experiment at CERN and will assist overcome the obstacle of needing much more storage space than in the past due to the increase in the size of the data generated by the continuous proton-proton collision events in CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Link to the Implementation of the Project
Microhabitat selection by macroinvertebrates: generality among rivers and functional interpretation
Creators: name: M. Forcellini
name: L. Plichard
name: S. Dolédec
name: S. Mérigoux
name: J.-M. Olivier
name: S. Cauvy-Fraunié
name: N. Lamouroux
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The transferability of hydraulic microhabitat selection models among rivers has been largely debated. It can influence management decisions such as restoration measures or environmental flow definitions. We updated microhabitat selection models for 258 macroinvertebrate taxa, with 141 species, collected in 2128 Surber or Hess samples during 91 surveys (sites × dates) distributed in eleven small streams to large rivers of Germany and France. We compared microhabitat selection for four hydraulic variables, developed using mixed-effects models that account for the overdispersion of observed abundance, partly due to spatial aggregation. Models based on bed shear stress, water column velocity and Froude number showed comparable results and were stronger than models for water depth. For these velocity-related variables, 61–78% of models were significant and revealed variable response forms among taxa. The explanatory power of “average” microhabitat selection models, with response forms common to all surveys, was 78–83% of the explanatory power of more detailed models with variable response forms. Significant associations with biological traits such as locomotion, relation to substrate or food types suggested that microhabitat selection results from general biological processes. Our results indicate a high degree of transferability and can be useful in many basic and applied ecological studies.
Enforcement by Hearing: An Integrated Model of Evidence Production
Creators: name: Sanchirico, Chris William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper is a theoretical analysis of incentive setting via civil litigation, with a focus on incentives for care in activities that may be harmful to others (torts). It makes two main contributions: one directly policy-relevant, one conceptual. In most existing research, litigation is modeled in reduced form, as a sort of costly audit, without explicit specification of the fact-finding process. In such models it is always more costly to implement higher levels of care, implying that the second best level of care is lower than the first. Here we explicitly consider the court's information problem (in a single agent model; Sanchirico (1997) considers multiple parties). We find that implementation costs tend to decline in care level and the second best tends to exceed the first. This result in hand, we suggest that the familiar claim that current tort systems "overdeter" may in fact be no indictment. A second contribution of the paper is its "integrated" conception of evidence production, endogenous cost evidence. Evidence production in court is modeled as costly signaling, where signal costs are endogenous to unobserved choices made outside the courtroom. Care is inspired to the extent that it reduces signaling costs and so increases payoffs at the subsequent proceeding. These signaling/evidence costs are in turn costs of incentive setting via evidence production. In contrast to existing models and conventional wisdom, this view has the ironic implication that "perfect" (non-falsifiable) evidence may not be good enough: less perfect evidence which is sufficiently - but not infinitely - more costly for disobedient actions is likely to be cheaper all around and this a more efficient means of setting incentives. While the paper's focus is on tort law, the model it introduces applies generally to situations in which a principal attempts to influence the hidden behaviour of an agent based on information that the agent herself supplies.
The operation of the eye
Creators: name: Porcu, Leide
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Europeans
Economics

description: "The overall project is about practices of exchange, particularly theft, cheating, and humor, which are elusive for an outsider. As a native ethnographer with family members involved in the fish business, I was able to gain insights otherwise unattainable for a woman and an outsider to this almost all-male community. My American academic training offered ways of de-familiarizing the native context, opening new lines of interpretation. To expound a topic that is somewhat out of the ordinary, I have mobilized the existing anthropological literature, which largely ignores urbanization in Sardinia, and theories from other fields, such as psychoanalysis and literature. This composite methodology mimics the multivocality of the fish market, where a unitary assessment of what is property, legality, and truth is not universal and determined in advance, but it is constructed in a certain context and often determined by that context."
Deformed planar topological open string amplitudes on Seiberg-Witten curve
Creators: name: Manabe, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study refined B-model via the beta ensemble of matrix models. Especially, for four dimensional N=2 SU(2) supersymmetric gauge theories with N_f=0,1 and 2 fundamental flavors, we discuss the correspondence between deformed disk amplitudes on each Seiberg-Witten curve and the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of the corresponding irregular one point block of a degenerate operator via the AGT correspondence. We also discuss the relation between deformed annulus amplitudes and the irregular two point block of the degenerate operator, and check a desired agreement for N_f=0 and 1 cases.
description: 27 pages. v2: minor changes and references added. v3: minor corrections and one reference added
Taxes Versus Legal Rules as Instruments for Equity
Creators: name: Sanchirico, Chris William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: Kaplow and Shavell (1994) show that legal rules should not be made contingent upon the income (wealth, consumption, occupation, etc. . . .) of the parties and conclude from this that "it is appropriate for economic analysis of legal rules to focus on efficiency and ignore the distribution of income". We accept the validity and importance of their argument against conditioning legal rules on these otherwise taxable attributes. But we argue against their apparent conclusion that legal rules should be set according to efficiency considerations alone. Using a slight modification of their own model, we find that: 1) even in the presence of an optimal income tax, any concern for equity dictates that legal rules deviate from efficient standards in a manner that aids the less well-off-this, so long as there is any heterogeneity in the way that agents respond to the legal system; 2) when, in addition, income difference are predominant in overall inequality, legal rules should in fact be adjusted away from efficient standards in a manner that helps low-income individuals; 3) under certain additional conditions, legal rules should be specifically adjusted to correct income-based inequality-legal rules should not be made contingent on parties income on a case-by-case basis, but they should be adjusted across the board in a manner that counteracts income inequality. Our broader point is that there is no a priori reason to favor any one economic activity over another-leisure choice over care choice, for instance-in accomplishing redistributional goals. The optimal redistributional program will involve a mixture of methods and deviations from efficiency in one domain may even be used to correct inequalities arising in another. We conclude that the extent to which legal rules should be used for redistributional purposes must be settled empirically and /or on the basis of factors outside the scope of Kaplow and Shavell's (1994) analysis.
Additional file 1 of Feasibility of conducting qualitative research with persons living with dementia and their caregivers during a home-delivered meals pilot trial
Creators: name: Gadbois, Emily A.
name: Bunker, Jennifer N.
name: Hilgeman, Michelle
name: Shield, Renee
name: McAuliff, Kathleen E.
name: Mills, Whitney
name: Thomas, Kali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Participant Interview Guide, Daily Meal Participants.
Dark energy from dark radiation in strongly coupled cosmologies with no fine tuning
Creators: name: Bonometto, Silvio A.
name: Sassi, Giandomenico
name: La Vacca, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dual component made of non-relativistic particles and a scalar field, exchanging energy, naturally falls onto an attractor solution, making them a (sub)dominant part of the cosmic energy during the radiation dominated era, provided that the constant β, measuring the coupling, is strong enough. The density parameters of both components are then constant, as they expand as a^{-4}. If the field energy is then prevalently kinetic, as is expected, its energy is exactly half of the pressureless component; the dual component as a whole, then, has a density parameter Ω_{cd} = 3/4β^2 (e.g., for β~2.5, Ω_{cd}~0.1, in accordance with Dark Radiation expectations). The stationary evolution can only be broken by the rising of other component(s), expanding as a^{-3}. In a realistic scenario, this happens when z~3-5x10^3. When such extra component(s) become(s) dominant, the densities of the dual components also rise above radiation. The scalar field behavior can be easily tuned to fit Dark Energy data, while the coupled DM density parameter becomes O(10^{-3}). This model however requires that, at present, two different DM components exist. The one responsible for the break of the stationary regime could be made, e.g., by thermally distributed particles with mass even >>1$-2 keV (or non-thermal particles with analogous average speed) so accounting for the size of observed galactic cores; in fact, a fair amount of small scale objects is however produced by fluctuation re-generated by the coupled DM component, in spite of its small density parameter, after the warm component has become non-relativistic.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, JCAP published
Canon-making and the Italian tradition of moral enquiry
Creators: name: Farneti, Roberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Romance literature

description: "This paper will focus on the tradition which, departing to some degree from the Renaissance treatises on manners, embodied, on the threshold of the modern age, a new ideal of citizenship. I am especially interested in examining the influence of the Galateo by Giovanni della Casa, the seminal text of a minor tradition of “moral enquiry” which I plan to re-read and situate in a different context . I will seek to show that this text is a breakthrough within the tradition which originated from early-modern treatises on courtesy. With the Galateo the age-old tradition of Courtesy Books is at a crossroad."
Distribution of the cholinergic nuclei in the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus: Implications for sensory processing
Creators: name: Toscano‐Márquez, Brenda
name: Oboti, Livio
name: Harvey-Girard, Erik
name: Maler, Leonard
name: Krahe, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: acetylcholine
subject: electrosensory system
subject: gymnotiform
subject: neuromodulation
subject: tract tracing
subject: weakly electric fish
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator of many central nervous system processes such as learning and memory, attention, motor control, and sensory processing. The present study describes the spatial distribution of cholinergic neurons throughout the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, using in situ hybridization of choline acetyltransferase mRNA. Distinct groups of cholinergic cells were observed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and hindbrain. These included cholinergic cell groups typically identified in other vertebrate brains, for example, motor neurons. Using both in vitro and ex vivo neuronal tracing methods, we identified two new cholinergic connections leading to novel hypotheses on their functional significance. Projections to the nucleus praeeminentialis (nP) arise from isthmic nuclei, possibly including the nucleus lateralis valvulae (nLV) and the isthmic nucleus (nI). The nP is a central component of all electrosensory feedback pathways to the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). We have previously shown that some neurons in nP, TS, and tectum express muscarinic receptors. We hypothesize that, based on nLV/nI cell responses in other teleosts and isthmic connectivity in A. leptorhynchus, the isthmic connections to nP, TS, and tectum modulate responses to electrosensory and/or visual motion and, in particular, to looming/receding stimuli. In addition, we found that the octavolateral efferent (OE) nucleus is the likely source of cholinergic fibers innervating the ELL. In other teleosts, OE inhibits octavolateral hair cells during locomotion. In gymnotiform fish, OE may also act on the first central processing stage and, we hypothesize, implement corollary discharge modulation of electrosensory processing during locomotion.
On display : a localized study of exhibitions of antiquities from the Mediterranean and Egypt
Creators: name: Grady, Gillian Leigh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The museum world is constantly facing new challenges about how to utilize its collections in order to engage visitors and tap into new audiences. The antiquities of the ancient Mediterranean and Egypt have consistently been on display in various exhibitions and museums in the United States. Using the city of Philadelphia as a geographical locus, this paper will examine the success and shortcomings of various styles of exhibition. Using new museum theory from Janet Marstine and the concept of the social life of things by Arjun Appadurai, this paper examines the exhibits, the motivation behind them, and their relative success. The blockbuster-style exhibit can be financially beneficial but may compromise museum missions, while more traditional style exhibits lack the ability to interact with new and large audiences but are often the site of technological innovation. Museums must engage various styles of exhibition to remain stable and viable as cultural institutions.
Style, difference and uniqueness
Creators: name: Benedetti, Carla
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Aesthetics

description: "With the term stylization of daily life I refer to that process by which a particular experience, one formerly limited to the sphere of art, invades the wider context of life. By virtue of stylization, any object, including the most banal objects of use, can gain an additional aesthetic value and be approached as a work of art."
In the mind's eye : thought-pictures and ethereal presences
Creators: name: Warner, Marina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Art

description: "The fascination with dreams and states of inwardness in the Victorian era derived part of its character from models of mind, descending from classical philosophy and from seventeenth-century interpretations of the tradition, but these ideas are enmeshed with theories of optics and the increasing potential vision of optical devices. So a double pulse runs rhythmically through time: optics expand and channel vision, amplifying the mind’s own processes; at the same time visionary ambitions make optics work to serve their needs, which include the apprehension of spirits existing out of range of ordinary physical faculties."
Signa et res : the pictorial discourse of the imaginary in early modern Italy
Creators: name: Krüger, Klaus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Art
History

description: The hermeneutics of the Christian Middle Ages assign the religious image and its aesthetic function a status rich in an ambiguity and tension. The ambiguity is rooted in the question of the identity of the image, what Gadamer calls its “mode of being”. The tension occurs on account of the divergence between the various aspects of the image: its independent actuality and its existence as a reproduction, its concrete irreplaceability and its suspension of its own status.
Entangled State Synthesis for Superconducting Resonators
Creators: name: Strauch, Frederick W.
name: Onyango, Douglas
name: Jacobs, Kurt
name: Simmonds, Raymond W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical analysis of methods to synthesize entangled states of two superconducting resonators. These methods use experimentally demonstrated interactions of resonators with artificial atoms, and offer efficient routes to generate nonclassical states. We analyze physical implementations, energy level structure, and the effects of decoherence through detailed dynamical simulations.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Feasibility of conducting qualitative research with persons living with dementia and their caregivers during a home-delivered meals pilot trial
Creators: name: Gadbois, Emily A.
name: Bunker, Jennifer N.
name: Hilgeman, Michelle
name: Shield, Renee
name: McAuliff, Kathleen E.
name: Mills, Whitney
name: Thomas, Kali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Participant Interview Guide, Frozen Meal Participants.