Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987
Creators: name: Kluge, Nikita J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Chopralla

description: 3. Subgenus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987
(Figs 1, 429–686)
Genus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987a: 182.
Subgenus Chopralla of genus Bungona: Salles, Gattolliat & Sartori 2016: 104.
Synonym of Centroptella: Kluge, Godunko & Svitok 2020: 88.
Type species: Centroptella ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau 1983.
Diagnosis (see Centroptella s. l: Classification and Table 2).
(1) In larva, posterior arm of U-shaped row of long setae on fore- and middle tibiae more transverse than longitudinal and crosses tibia [on hind leg longitudinal—see Centroptella s. l. (2)] (Figs 560–562, 662–666). The same in Crassolus, in contrast to Centroptella s. str.
(2) Larval claw usually with 2 rows of denticles (Figs 548–548). The same in Crassolus, in contrast to Centroptella s. str.
(3) In larva, at least abdominal terga I–IV without denticles on posterior margins; in various species denticles are present beginning either from tergum V (in C. colorata, C. papuanica sp. n., C. ghatensis sp. n. and C. kangi sp. n.), or from tergum VIII (in C. bintang), or from tergum IX (in C. ceylonensis, C. pusilla and C. rufostriata sp. n.).
(4) In larva, abdominal sternum VII without regular rows of bifurcate setae (j), so that such rows occur on sterna IV–V only (in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus, which have regular rows on sterna IV–VI).
(5) In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in the « Nigrobaetis - type » pose, i.e. with 3rd segments directed caudally (Figs 469, 529, 571, 609, 627, 654). The same in many other Baetovectata, but in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus, whose gonostyli are folded in the peculiar « Crassolus - type » pose.
(6) Gonovectes without halberd-like widenings apically (Figs 465–468, 527, 572) (in contrast to Crassolus).
(7) Sterno-styligeral muscle is retained (in contrast to Crassolus), being rather weak and often divided into pair of convergent muscles (Figs 465–466, 527, 572) (the same in Centroptella s. str.).
Other characters. In larva, anterior margin of mesonotum is sharply curved (Figs 431, 499, 434, 599, 633), in contrast to straight or shallowly curved in Crassolus and Centroptella s. str. (Figs 24–25, 77, 104, 128, 185, 274, 338–340).
Bifurcate setae on metasternum (i) (see Centroptella s. l.) form a pair of regular rows (Fig. 517) (in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus, whose bifurcate setae of metasternum are arranged less regularly).
Both male and female imagines have characteristic coloration: thorax contrastingly darker (ochre with reddishbrown) in dorsal half and lighter (pale ochre) in ventral half; abdomen of female has the same coloration (Figs 531, 577, 519); abdomen of male has either the same coloration (Figs 451, 520), or has no reddish coloration on most of terga (Fig. 566). This coloration differs from Crassolus and Centroptella s. str., whose thorax has brown cuticular coloration both on dorsal and on ventral sides at least in males (Figs 49, 93, 143, 159–160, 298, 379).
Distribution. The Oriental Region.
Composition. Centroptella (Chopralla) ceylonensis (= C. similis syn. n.), C. (Chopralla) ghatensis sp. n., C. (Chopralla) rufostriata sp. n., C. (Chopralla) papuanica sp. n., C. (Chopralla) pusilla, C. (Chopralla) kangi sp. n., C. (Chopralla) colorata (= C. fusina syn. n.), C. (Chopralla) bintang.
description: Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2021, Review of Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5054 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5054.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577421