Epeorus (Epeorus) bifurcatus Braasch &amp; Soldan 1979
Creators: name: Vasanth, M.
name: Selvakumar, C.
name: Subramanian, K. A.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.
name: Sinha, Bikramjit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Epeorus
Epeorus bifurcatus

description: <i>Epeorus</i> (<i>Epeorus</i>) <i>bifurcatus</i> Braasch &amp; Soldán, 1979 (Figs 18–34) <b>Material examined:</b> 2 larvae, India, Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng, Dirang, Showda village, Dirang river, 27.3267528 N, 92.2318027 E, 1877 m, 13.iii.2018, coll. Bikramjit Sinha [ZSI/ SRC-I /E/297]; 1 larva, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Upper Dibang Valley, Mipi, Mipi river, 28.96643 N, 95.8061 E, 1455 m, 31.x.2017, coll. Anil Kumar &amp; Party [ZSI/ SRC-I /E/312]; 15 larvae, India, Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, Sangti valley, Khechalu, Khendo Rong (stream), 27.420841 N, 92.269538 E, 1790 m, 12.iii.2018. coll. Bikramjit Sinha [ZSI/ SRC-I /E/320]. <b>Description:</b> Larva: Body length 9.8 mm; length of cerci 10.4 mm. Body generally dark brown (Fig. 18). <b>Head:</b> Length 1.7 mm, width 2.9 mm; light brown (Fig. 18); subquadrangular; anterior and lateral margins convex, with rows of hair-like setae directed anteriorly. Compound eyes black. Antennae with scape, pedicels and flagella light brown (Fig. 22). Labrum brown with deep median notch on anterior margin, long hair-like setae laterally (Fig. 23). Hypopharynx as in Fig. 24. Mandibles without scattered setae along the molar area; incisors serrated, outer incisor longer than inner incisor (Figs 25–26). Maxilla as in Fig. 27. Labium (Fig. 28) as in the previous species. <b>Thorax:</b> Pronotum pale brown with indistinct band in middle and pair of dark spots; mesonotum brown (Fig. 18). Legs (Figs 29–31): Femora light brown, hypodermal spot on middle, outer margin with long setae and dark brown maculae medially; distal end with blunt spine; dorsal surface with scattered stout short thickened setae (Fig. 31a); tibia pale brown with long hair-like setae on outer margin; claw with 3 small denticles (Fig. 32). <b>Abdomen:</b> Abdominal terga light brown, terga II–IX with pair of short submedian spines (Figs 18, 20); tergum II yellowish, terga III and IV with indistinct pale patches on middle, terga V–VIII with light middle band; terga II–IX with small setae along midline (Fig. 21); segments II–VII with long postero-lateral extensions; sterna light yellowish without markings (Fig. 19). Gill I triangular (Fig. 33); gills II–VII oval (Fig. 34). Cerci with row of hairlike setae dorsally. <b>Diagnosis:</b> The larva of <i>Epeorus</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>bifurcatus</i> can be distinguished from other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: (i) posterior margin of abdominal terga II–IX with pair of short submedian spines (Figs 18 &amp; 20); terga II–IX with small setae along midline (Fig. 21); and (iii) gill I larger than others (Fig. 33). <b>Distribution:</b> Vietnam, Thailand and India (Arunachal Pradesh). <b>Remarks:</b> The larva of this species was described from Vietnam by Braasch &amp; Soldán (1979). Subsequently, Nguyen &amp; Bae (2004) redescribed the larva of <i>E. bifurcatus</i> based also on specimens from Vietnam. Braasch &amp; Boonsoong (2010) reported this species from Thailand; we provide a supplementary larval description based on our material, which represents the first record of the species for India.
description: Published as part of <i>Vasanth, M., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. &amp; Sinha, Bikramjit, 2021, Contribution to the study of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India, pp. 499-522 in Zootaxa 4991 (3)</i> on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5042522
description: {"references": ["Nguyen, V. V. &amp; Bae, Y. J. (2004) Larvae of the heptageniid mayfly genus Epeorus (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Vietnam. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 7, 19 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1226 - 8615 (08) 60197 - 1", "Braasch, D. &amp; Boonsoong, B. (2010) A contribution to the Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand and Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2610, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2610.1.1"]}