cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gauss-Bonnet black holes with non-constant curvature horizons
Creators: name: Maeda, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate static and dynamical n(\ge 6)-dimensional black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity of which horizons have the isometries of an (n-2)-dimensional Einstein space with a condition on its Weyl tensor originally given by Dotti and Gleiser. Defining a generalized Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass that satisfies the unified first law, we show that most of the properties of the quasi-local mass and the trapping horizon are shared with the case with horizons of constant curvature. It is shown that the Dotti-Gleiser solution is the unique vacuum solution if the warp factor on the (n-2)-dimensional Einstein space is non-constant. The quasi-local mass becomes constant for the Dotti-Gleiser black hole and satisfies the first law of the black-hole thermodynamics with its Wald entropy. In the non-negative curvature case with positive Gauss-Bonnet constant and zero cosmological constant, it is shown that the Dotti-Gleiser black hole is thermodynamically unstable. Even if it becomes locally stable for the non-zero cosmological constant, it cannot be globally stable for the positive cosmological constant.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure; v2, discussion clarified and references added; v3, published version; v4, Eqs.(4.22)-(4.24) corrected, which do not change Eqs.(4.25)-(4.27)
Supplementary Analysis from A shark's eye view: testing the ‘mistaken identity theory’ behind shark bites on humans
Creators: name: Ryan, Laura A.
name: Slip, David J.
name: Chapuis, Lucille
name: Collin, Shaun P.
name: Gennari, Enrico
name: Hemmi, Jan M.
name: How, Martin J.
name: Huveneers, Charlie
name: Peddemors, Victor M.
name: Tosetto, Louise
name: Hart, Nathan S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Shark bites on humans are rare but are sufficiently frequent to generate substantial public concern, which typically leads to measures to reduce their frequency. Unfortunately, we understand little about why sharks bite humans. One theory for bites occurring at the surface, e.g. on surfers, is that of mistaken identity, whereby sharks mistake humans for their typical prey (pinnipeds in the case of white sharks). This study tests the mistaken identity theory by comparing video footage of pinnipeds, humans swimming and humans paddling surfboards, from the perspective of a white shark viewing these objects from below. Videos were processed to reflect how a shark's retina would detect the visual motion and shape cues. Motion cues of humans swimming, humans paddling surfboards and pinnipeds swimming did not differ significantly. The shape of paddled surfboards and human swimmers was also similar to that of pinnipeds with their flippers abducted. The difference in shape between pinnipeds with abducted versus adducted flippers was bigger than between pinnipeds with flippers abducted and surfboards or human swimmers. From the perspective of a white shark, therefore, neither visual motion nor shape cues allow an unequivocal visual distinction between pinnipeds and humans, supporting the mistaken identity theory behind some bites.
Route to turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Seman, J. A.
name: Henn, E. A. L.
name: Shiozaki, R. F.
name: Roati, G.
name: Poveda-Cuevas, F. J.
name: Magalhães, K. M. F.
name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Tsubota, M.
name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Kasamatsu, K.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}Rb$ atoms under an oscillatory excitation. For a fixed frequency of excitation, we have explored how the values of amplitude and time of excitation must be combined in order to produce quantum turbulence in the condensate. Depending on the combination of these parameters different behaviors are observed in the sample. For the lowest values of time and amplitude of excitation, we observe a bending of the main axis of the cloud. Increasing the amplitude of excitation we observe an increasing number of vortices. The vortex state can evolve into the turbulent regime if the parameters of excitation are driven up to a certain set of combinations. If the value of the parameters of these combinations is exceeded, all vorticity disappears and the condensate enters into a different regime which we have identified as the granular phase. Our results are summarized in a diagram of amplitude versus time of excitation in which the different structures can be identified. We also present numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation which support our observations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Essays on immigrants and their impact on the local labour market
Creators: name: Mukherji, Ronit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The first chapter studies how low-skilled immigrant entry can explain the falling labour unionization rate in the U.S. economy. This paper argues that the entry of immigrants has significantly altered the incentives of native-born workers to join labour unions and for firms to hire unionized workers, prompting a fall in unionization. The chapter uses spatial variation in immigrant entry to show that a higher entry of immigrants leads to a higher fall in unionization rates across regions in the U.S. It develops a search-theoretic framework to bear out the mechanism and test some over-identifying predictions. The model is further calibrated and finds that low-skilled immigrant entry can explain 48-55% of the total fall in union density. The second chapter exploits plausibly exogenous changes in exchange rates across source countries for immigrants in Canada to evaluate how these changes impact their earnings. It presents evidence that Canadian immigrants, in response to a 10 per cent depreciation of the home currency relative to the Canadian dollar, reduce their annual earnings by 0.36 per cent, mainly by reducing hours worked. The effect is greater for recent male immigrants, who are less educated and their spouses abroad. They also tend to be from lower-income countries and located in immigrant enclaves. Crucially, remittance senders are more affected, but these exchange rate fluctuations do not affect the amount of remittance sent. Thus, suggesting that immigrants tend to be target earners and react accordingly to exchange rate fluctuations. The third chapter examines how immigrants' labour market conditions at the point of entry affect their earnings, labour market outcomes, and reverse migration decisions both in the short and long run. Using administrative tax data, this chapter finds that it takes 12-15 years for an initial adverse effect of entering the labour market when unemployment is high to dissipate completely. It further documents the heterogeneity existing in this impact based on age, gender, marital status, country of origin, and education. The chapter provides novel insights into the outmigration behaviour of immigrants and how it depends on the initial conditions they face post-arrival.
A stochastic Benjamin-Bona-Mahony type equation
Creators: name: Dinvay, Evgueni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Considered herein is a particular nonlinear dispersive stochastic equation. It was introduced recently in [3], as a model describing surface water waves under location uncertainty. The corresponding noise term is introduced through a Hamiltonian formulation, which guarantees the energy conservation of the flow. Here the initial-value problem is studied.
Blow-up of strong solutions of the Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic equation
Creators: name: Crisan, Dan
name: Mensah, Prince Romeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic (TQG) equation is a coupled system of equations that governs the evolution of the buoyancy and the potential vorticity of a fluid. It has a local in time solution as proved in [4]. In this paper, we give a criterion for the blow-up of solutions to the Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic equation, in the spirit of the classical Beale-Kato-Majda blow-up criterion (cf. [3]) for the solution of the Euler equation.
description: 12 pages. 'Blow-up' in title was previously 'Breakdown'. Submitted to the proceedings: 2021 STUOD - 2nd Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics Annual Workshop
Economic Impact Analysis to Determine How To Make Riparian Improvement Win-Win Games
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Range Economics, WRCC-55, at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Billings, Montana, February 21, 1999
Evidence for Phonon-Assisted Intertube Electronic Transport in an Armchair Carbon Nanotube Film
Creators: name: Adinehloo, Davoud
name: Gao, Weilu
name: Mojibpour, Ali
name: Kono, Junichiro
name: Perebeinos, Vasili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical conductivity of a macroscopic assembly of nanomaterials is determined through a complex interplay of electronic transport within and between constituent nano-objects. Phonons play dual roles in this situation: their increased populations tend to reduce the conductivity via electron scattering while they can boost the conductivity by assisting electrons to propagate through the potential-energy landscape. Here, we identify a phonon-assisted coherent electron transport process between neighboring nanotubes in temperature-dependent conductivity measurements on a macroscopic film of armchair single-wall carbon nanotubes. Through atomistic modeling of electronic states and calculations of both electronic and phonon-assisted junction conductances, we conclude that phonon-assisted conductance is the dominant mechanism for the observed high-temperature transport. The unambiguous manifestation of coherent intertube dynamics proves a single-chirality armchair nanotube film to be a unique macroscopic solid-state ensemble of nano-objects promising for the development of room-temperature coherent electronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Direct and Indirect Detection of Dark Matter in D6 Flavor Symmetric Model
Creators: name: Kajiyama, Yuji
name: Okada, Hiroshi
name: Toma, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a fermionic dark matter in a non-supersymmetric extension of the standard model with a family symmetry based on D6xZ2xZ2. In our model, the final state of the dark matter annihilation is determined to be e+ e- by the flavor symmetry, which is consistent with the PAMELA result. At first, we show that our dark matter mass should be within the range of 230 GeV - 750 GeV in the WMAP analysis combined with mu to e gamma constraint. Moreover we simultaneously explain the experiments of direct and indirect detection, by simply adding a gauge and D6 singlet real scalar field. In the direct detection experiments, we show that the lighter dark matter mass ~ 230 GeV and the lighter standard model Higgs boson ~ 115 GeV is in favor of the observed bounds reported by CDMS II and XENON100. In the indirect detection experiments, we explain the positron excess reported by PAMELA through the Breit-Wigner enhancement mechanism. We also show that our model is consistent with no antiproton excess suggested by PAMELA.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted version for publication in European Physical Journal C
The high-density regime of kinetic-dominated loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
name: Mulryne, David
name: Nelson, William
name: Tavakol, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of states perturbatively expanded about a harmonic system of loop quantum cosmology, exhibiting a bounce. In particular, the evolution equations for the first and second order moments of the system are analyzed. These moments back-react on the trajectories of the expectation values of the state and hence alter the energy density at the bounce. This analysis is performed for isotropic loop quantum cosmology coupled to a scalar field with a small but non-zero constant potential, hence in a regime in which the kinetic energy of matter dominates. Analytic restrictions on the existence of dynamical coherent states and the meaning of semi-classicality within these systems are discussed. A numerical investigation of the trajectories of states that remain semi-classical across the bounce demonstrates that, at least for such states, the bounce persists and that its properties are similar to the standard case, in which the moments of the states are entirely neglected. However the bounce density does change, implying that a quantum bounce may not be guaranteed to happen when the potential is no longer negligible.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures; v2: added footnote 6 and Ref. [43], as published
Kinit Classification in Ethiopian Chants, Azmaris and Modern Music: A New Dataset and CNN Benchmark
Creators: name: Retta, Ephrem A.
name: Sutcliffe, Richard
name: Almekhlafi, Eiad
name: Enku, Yosef K.
name: Alemu, Eyob
name: Gemechu, Tigist D.
name: Berwo, Michael A.
name: Mhamed, Mustafa
name: Feng, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we create EMIR, the first-ever Music Information Retrieval dataset for Ethiopian music. EMIR is freely available for research purposes and contains 600 sample recordings of Orthodox Tewahedo chants, traditional Azmari songs and contemporary Ethiopian secular music. Each sample is classified by five expert judges into one of four well-known Ethiopian Kinits, Tizita, Bati, Ambassel and Anchihoye. Each Kinit uses its own pentatonic scale and also has its own stylistic characteristics. Thus, Kinit classification needs to combine scale identification with genre recognition. After describing the dataset, we present the Ethio Kinits Model (EKM), based on VGG, for classifying the EMIR clips. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether Filterbank, Mel-spectrogram, Chroma, or Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features work best for Kinit classification using EKM. MFCC was found to be superior and was therefore adopted for Experiment 2, where the performance of EKM models using MFCC was compared using three different audio sample lengths. 3s length gave the best results. In Experiment 3, EKM and four existing models were compared on the EMIR dataset: AlexNet, ResNet50, VGG16 and LSTM. EKM was found to have the best accuracy (95.00%) as well as the fastest training time. We hope this work will encourage others to explore Ethiopian music and to experiment with other models for Kinit classification.
description: 11 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures
Zero sound in triplet-correlated superfluid neutron matter
Creators: name: Leinson, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear response of a superfluid neutron liquid onto external vector field is studied for the case of $^{3}P_{2}-\,^{3}F_{2}$ pairing. The consideration is limited to the case when the wave-length of the perturbation is large as compared to the coherence length in the superfluid matter and the transferred energy is small in comparison with the gap amplitude. The obtained results are used to analyse the collisionless phonon-like excitations of the condensate of superfluid neutrons. In particular, we analyze the case of neutron condensation into the state with $m_{j}=0$ which is conventionally considered as the preferable one in the bulk matter of neutron stars. Zero sound (if it exists) is found to be anisotropic and undergoes strong decrement below some temperature threshold depending substantially on the intensity of Fermi-liquid interactions.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Effects of face masks on the multiple dimensions and neurophysiological mechanisms of exertional dyspnea
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Olivia Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, public health officials have widely adopted the use of face masks (FM) to limit the spread of infection. Despite consistent evidence that FMs increase dyspnea (i.e., breathlessness), no studies have examined the multidimensional components of dyspnea or the physiological mechanisms of dyspnea with FMs. Methods: In a randomized cross-over design, sixteen healthy individuals (n=9 females, 25±3 y) completed three testing sessions separated by ≥48 h. Each visit included a maximal incremental cycling test where visits 2 & 3 were randomized to either FM or control condition. Dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness were assessed using the 0-10 Borg scale and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) was administered immediately following exercise. Crural diaphragmatic electromyography (EMGdi), esophageal pressure (Peso), and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) were measured via a specialized catheter to estimate neural respiratory drive and respiratory muscle pressures respectively. Results: Dyspnea unpleasantness was significantly greater with the FM at the highest equivalent submaximal work rate (HESWR) (2.5±2.0 vs. 1.5±1.5 Borg 0-10 units, P=0.01) and at peak exercise (7.8±2.1 vs. 5.9±3.4 Borg 0-10 units, P=0.01) with no differences in dyspnea intensity ratings throughout exercise compared to control. There were also significant increases in the sensory quality of “smothering/air hunger” (P=0.01) and the emotional response of “anxiousness” (P=0.04) in the FM condition. There were significant increases in EMGdi (P=0.001) and esophageal pressure swings (P=0.006) at the HESWR but no differences in heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation or breathing frequency throughout exercise with FMs compared to control. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FMs negatively impact the affective domain of dyspnea during exercise and increase neural respiratory drive and respiratory muscle effort requirements during exercise, although the impact on other cardiopulmonary responses are minimal.
Gate-based Quantum Computing for Protein Design
Creators: name: Khatami, Mohammad Hassan
name: Mendes, Udson C.
name: Wiebe, Nathan
name: Kim, Philip M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein design is a technique to engineer proteins by modifying their sequence to obtain novel functionalities. In this method, amino acids in the sequence are permutated to find the low energy states satisfying the configuration. However, exploring all possible combinations of amino acids is generally impossible to achieve on conventional computers due to the exponential growth of possibilities with the number of designable sites. Thus, sampling methods are currently used as a conventional approach to address the protein design problems. Recently, quantum computation methods have shown the potential to solve similar types of problems. In the present work, we use the general idea of Grover's algorithm, a pure quantum computation method, to design circuits at the gate-based level and address the protein design problem. In our quantum algorithms, we use custom pair-wise energy tables consisting of eight different amino acids. Also, the distance reciprocals between designable sites are included in calculating energies in the circuits. Due to the noisy state of current quantum computers, we mainly use quantum computer simulators for this study. However, a very simple version of our circuits is implemented on real quantum devices to examine their capabilities to run these algorithms. Our results show that using $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt N)$ iterations, the circuits find the correct results among all $N$ possibilities, providing the expected quadratic speed up of Grover's algorithm over classical methods.
Additional file 1 of Identification of key module and hub genes in pulpitis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Denghui
name: Zheng, Chen
name: Zhu, Tianer
name: Yang, Fan
name: Zhou, Yiqun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. PCA results after batch effect removal showed that the inflamed group can be clearly separated from the control group.
Economic Value of Riparian Zones in Differing Channel Conditions in Wyoming
Creators: name: Lowry, S.
name: Skinner, Q.D.
name: Jacobs, J.J.
name: Lowry, S.
name: Skinner, Q.D.
name: Jacobs, J.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Range Economics, WRCC-55, at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Billings, Montana, February 21, 2000
Knotting and higher order linking in physical systems
Creators: name: Buniy, Roman V.
name: Holmes, Martha J.
name: Kephart, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss physical systems with topologies more complicated than simple gaussian linking. Our examples of these higher topologies are in non-relativistic quantum mechanics and in QCD.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
White-Tailed Deer Quality or Quantity: Which Is Best?
Creators: name: Cohen, W.E.
name: Workman, J.P.
name: Cohen, W.E.
name: Workman, J.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Range Economics, WRCC-55, at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Billings, Montana, February 21, 2001
Charakterisierung der murinen Immunantwort auf die eingeschlechtliche Schistosoma mansoni Infektion
Creators: name: Koslowski, Nicole
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 570 Life science
subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Weltweit sind über 258 Millionen Menschen mit dem intravaskulären Trematoden Schistosoma spp. infiziert. Die Schistosomen haben Mechanismen entwickelt, das Immunsystem des Wirtes zu unterdrücken, um ihr eigenes Überleben zu sichern, aber gleichzeitig den Wirt vor infektionsbedingten Organschädigungen der fehlgeleiteten Eier in der Leber zu schützen. In dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals gezeigt, dass der weibliche Wurm nicht nur für die Ei-Produktion zuständig ist, sondern durch die Suppression des Immunsystems eine offenbar Parasiten-freundliche Umgebung schafft.
Fee Hunting Opportunities for Deer and Elk in Utah: What They Are and Who Provides Them
Creators: name: Jordan, Lucy A.
name: Workman, J.P.
name: Jordan, Lucy A.
name: Workman, J.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Range Economics, WRCC-55, at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Billings, Montana, February 21, 2002
Asynchronous Reversible Computing Unveiled Using Ballistic Shift Registers
Creators: name: Osborn, Kevin D.
name: Wustmann, Waltraut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reversible logic can provide lower switching energy costs relative to all irreversible logic, including those developed by industry in semiconductor circuits, however, more research is needed to understand what is possible. Superconducting logic, an exemplary platform for both irreversible and reversible logic, uses flux quanta to represent bits, and the reversible implementation may switch state with low energy dissipation relative to the energy of a flux quantum. Here we simulate reversible shift register gates that are ballistic: their operation is powered by the input bits alone. A storage loop is added relative to previous gates as a key innovation, which bestows an asynchronous property to the gate such that input bits can arrive at different times as long as their order is clearly preserved. The shift register represents bit states by flux polarity, both in the stored bit as well as the ballistic input and output bits. Its operation consists of the elastic swapping of flux between the stored and the moving bit. This is related to a famous irreversible shift register, developed prior to the advent of superconducting flux quanta logic (which used irreversible gates). In the base design of our ballistic shift register (BSR) there is one 1-input and 1-output port, but we find that we can make other asynchronous ballistic gates by extension. The gate constitutes the first asynchronous reversible 2-input gate. Finally, for a better insight into the dynamics, we introduce a collective coordinate model. We find that the gate can be described as motion in two coordinates subject to a potential determined by the input bit and initial stored flux quantum. Aside from the favorable asynchronous feature, the gate is considered practical in the context of energy efficiency, parameter margins, logical depth, and speed.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Wild Horse and Burro Management: A Case of Forgotten Economics?
Creators: name: Godfrey, E. Bruce
name: Godfrey, E. Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Range Economics, WRCC-55, at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Billings, Montana, February 21, 2003
Asymptotic stability of precessing domain walls for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in a nanowire with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Côte, Raphaël
name: Ignat, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a ferromagnetic nanowire and we focus on an asymptotic regime where the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is taken into account. First we prove a dimension reduction result via $Γ$-convergence that determines a limit functional $E$ defined for maps $m:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{S}^2$ in the direction $e_1$ of the nanowire. The energy functional $E$ is invariant under translations in $e_1$ and rotations about the axis $e_1$. We fully classify the critical points of finite energy $E$ when a transition between $-e_1$ and $e_1$ is imposed; these transition layers are called (static) domain walls. The evolution of a domain wall by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation associated to $E$ under the effect of an applied magnetic field $h(t)e_1$ depending on the time variable $t$ gives rise to the so-called precessing domain wall. Our main result proves the asymptotic stability of precessing domain walls for small $h$ in $L^\infty([0, +\infty))$ and small $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ perturbations of the static domain wall, up to a gauge which is intrinsic to invariances of the functional $E$.
GRB 210217A: A short or a long GRB?
Creators: name: Dimple
name: Misra, Kuntal
name: Ghosh, Ankur
name: Arun, K. G.
name: Gupta, Rahul
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Resmi, L.
name: Pandey, S. B.
name: Yadav, Lallan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts are traditionally classified as short and long bursts based on their $T_{\rm 90}$ value (the time interval during which an instrument observes $5\%$ to $95\%$ of gamma-ray/hard X-ray fluence). However, $T_{\rm 90}$ is dependent on the detector sensitivity and the energy range in which the instrument operates. As a result, different instruments provide different values of $T_{\rm 90}$ for a burst. GRB 210217A is detected with different duration by {\it Swift} and {\it Fermi}. It is classified as a long/soft GRB by {\it Swift}-BAT with a $T_{\rm 90}$ value of 3.76 sec. On the other hand, the sub-threshold detection by {\it Fermi}-GBM classified GRB 210217A as a short/hard burst with a duration of 1.024 sec. We present the multi-wavelength analysis of GRB 210217A (lying in the overlapping regime of long and short GRBs) to identify its actual class using multi-wavelength data. We utilized the $T_{\rm 90}$-hardness ratio, $T_{\rm 90}$-\Ep, and $T_{\rm 90}$-$t_{\rm mvts}$ distributions of the GRBs to find the probability of GRB 210217A being a short GRB. Further, we estimated the photometric redshift of the burst by fitting the joint XRT/UVOT SED and place the burst in the Amati plane. We found that GRB 210217A is an ambiguous burst showing properties of both short and long class of GRBs.
description: Accepted for Special Issue of Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 2022, Astrophysical jets and observational facilities: National perspective, 05 -09 April 2021, ARIES Nainital
Probing the SO$_2$ adsorption mechanism in Hofmann clathrates via inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory calculations
Creators: name: Fernández-Blanco, Ángel
name: Piñeiro-López, Lucía
name: Jiménez-Ruiz, Mónica
name: Rols, Stephane
name: Real, José Antonio
name: Rodríguez-Velamazán, J. Alberto
name: Poloni, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adsorption mechanism of SO2 in the Hofmann-like coordination polymer Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)4] is studied using inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory calculations. We find that the most important spectral change upon gas adsorption is the blueshift of the low energy peak found at 100 cm-1, a feature that is fully confirmed by the computed neutron-weighted phonon density of states. Our calculations suggest that the origin of this change is twofold: i) an increase in the force constant of the cyanide out-of-plane movement due to the binding of the gas onto the Pt(CN)4 plane, and ii) the hampered rotation of the pyrazine due to steric hindrance. The high energy region of the neutron scattering data whose spectral weight is dominated by the internal vibrations of the pyrazine is negligibly affected by the presence of the gas as expected from a physisorption type of binding.
Cross-Study Replicability in Cluster Analysis
Creators: name: Masoero, Lorenzo
name: Thomas, Emma
name: Parmigiani, Giovanni
name: Tyekucheva, Svitlana
name: Trippa, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In cancer research, clustering techniques are widely used for exploratory analyses and dimensionality reduction, playing a critical role in the identification of novel cancer subtypes, often with direct implications for patient management. As data collected by multiple research groups grows, it is increasingly feasible to investigate the replicability of clustering procedures, that is, their ability to consistently recover biologically meaningful clusters across several datasets. In this paper, we review existing methods to assess replicability of clustering analyses, and discuss a framework for evaluating cross-study clustering replicability, useful when two or more studies are available. These approaches can be applied to any clustering algorithm and can employ different measures of similarity between partitions to quantify replicability, globally (i.e. for the whole sample) as well as locally (i.e. for individual clusters). Using experiments on synthetic and real gene expression data, we illustrate the utility of replicability metrics to evaluate if the same clusters are identified consistently across a collection of datasets.
description: Accepted for publication in Statistical Science
Segmentation by Test-Time Optimization (TTO) for CBCT-based Adaptive Radiation Therapy
Creators: name: Liang, Xiao
name: Chun, Jaehee
name: Morgan, Howard
name: Bai, Ti
name: Nguyen, Dan
name: Park, Justin C.
name: Jiang, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) requires accurate and efficient auto-segmentation of target volumes and organs-at-risk (OARs) in mostly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Propagating expert-drawn contours from the pre-treatment planning CT (pCT) through traditional or deep learning (DL) based deformable image registration (DIR) can achieve improved results in many situations. Typical DL-based DIR models are population based, that is, trained with a dataset for a population of patients, so they may be affected by the generalizability problem. In this paper, we propose a method called test-time optimization (TTO) to refine a pre-trained DL-based DIR population model, first for each individual test patient, and then progressively for each fraction of online ART treatment. Our proposed method is less susceptible to the generalizability problem, and thus can improve overall performance of different DL-based DIR models by improving model accuracy, especially for outliers. Our experiments used data from 239 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to test the proposed method. Firstly, we trained a population model with 200 patients, and then applied TTO to the remaining 39 test patients by refining the trained population model to obtain 39 individualized models. We compared each of the individualized models with the population model in terms of segmentation accuracy. The number of patients with at least 0.05 DSC improvement or 2 mm HD95 improvement by TTO averaged over the 17 selected structures for the state-of-the-art architecture Voxelmorph is 10 out of 39 test patients. The average time for deriving the individualized model using TTO from the pre-trained population model is approximately four minutes. When adapting the individualized model to a later fraction of the same patient, the average time is reduced to about one minute and the accuracy is slightly improved.
Social Workers’ Understanding of the Complexities Involved with the Intersections of Women, Disability and Partner Violence
Creators: name: Fleet, Claire
name: Clara, Ian
Publisher: name: AG About Gender - International Journal of Gender Studies
Year: 2020

description: The aim of this investigation was to gain insight into social workers’ perspectives and practice contexts in relation to disabled women who had experienced partner violence. Social workers were interviewed about their work with disabled women who had experienced partner violence. Findings showed inconsistencies in the services that were offered to disabled women, depending on the setting and social workers’ knowledge or willingness to circumvent government social policies. Social workers’ practice contexts were complex and reflected the unique needs of disabled women who had experienced partner violence, social workers’ attitudes, work settings and resources. Keywords: disabled women, Canadian social work policy, intersections, partner violence.
description: AG About Gender - International Journal of Gender Studies, V. 9, N. 18 (2020): Re-genderizzare o de-genderizzare la disabilità? Vivere con la disabilità nelle società contemporanee
Love, Care and the Undisciplined Body. A critical analysis of Disability, Citizenship and Motherhood.
Creators: name: Micalizzi, Ester
Publisher: name: AG About Gender - International Journal of Gender Studies
Year: 2020

description: This paper aims to contribute to the recent debate on disability studies through a series of theoretical reflections on how women with physical disabilities experience their motherhood, examining the interconnections between motherhood, disability and citizenship which expand the definition of “caring” into intimate settings. In Italy, there is little research on how disabled women live the experience of becoming and being mothers and the impact of ableism and sexism on motherhood because of toxic discourses and stereotyped representations that imagine motherhood and disability as incongruous. It is essential to incorporate new perspectives that observe the ways in which non-normative bodies inhabit and expand the relationships of love, care and intimacy (Mapelli 2018). Disabled women offer the opportunity to attribute new meanings to intimate justice (McClelland 2014) and to break down the oppressive system that produces disabilities and marginalises disabled bodies. Keywords: care, disability, ableism, motherhood, citizenship.
description: AG About Gender - International Journal of Gender Studies, V. 9, N. 18 (2020): Re-genderizzare o de-genderizzare la disabilità? Vivere con la disabilità nelle società contemporanee
Considering and selecting assistive technology among individuals with disabilities : a social network analysis of decision-making
Creators: name: Kardeh, Bahareh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: About 15% of the global population have some form of disability. Assistive technology (AT) has a key role in addressing the associated burden of disability, and refers to any equipment or tool that helps improve the individual’s function and independence in activities of daily living. However, many people with disabilities experience unmet needs and have difficulty accessing required services and AT. In this regard, individuals with disabilities are involved in a decision-making process that includes interactions with their social networks, which have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) How people with disabilities make decisions about AT, 2) how their AT-related social networks are constructed and influence their decisions about AT, and 3) how users’ AT decision-making process is influenced by personal and external factors. Methods: A total of 13 participants took part in this mixed-methods study. Data were collected through an online survey and in virtual one-on-one interview sessions. The qualitative portion included semi-structured interview questions about participants’ AT decision-making process and their social networks. The quantitative portion involved personal information to describe the sample and contact ratings to elicit qualitative data. NVivo software was used to code verbatim transcripts. Results: A model was developed to demonstrate the AT decision-making process of participants. It included three steps: recognizing a need, obtaining information, and choosing and obtaining AT. The process was a cycle, where participants would move from step 3 to step 1 if they decided to make any changes to their AT. The influence of social networks was present in all three steps. Participants’ social networks included peers, occupational therapists (OTs), doctors, organizations, vendors, family and friends, and internet and other materials. These groups had unique as well as overlapping roles with varying degrees of significance. Conclusion: Despite the implications of AT in improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities, barriers in AT access and use persist. Understanding users’ AT decision-making process and the construct and influence of their AT-related social networks, as provided in this study, can help us target issues that need to be addressed through effective interventions.
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð² Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ðµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Development of a device for unwinding rolls in discrete mode
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ´Ð°Ð¹, ÐÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ»
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ¿Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÑ
ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¾Ð²
ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ñ
Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ
Ð¸Ð½ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·ÐºÐ°
ÑÐ¿Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ
filling and packaging equipment
rolls
discrete mode
inertial load
packaging materials

description: ÐÐ¾ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ»ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð², ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ, Ð±ÑÐ¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸, ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ð¸ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð² Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¿Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÑ Ð² Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ðµ. ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ðº ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð¼ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ·Ð»Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÐµÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð², ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÑÐ»ÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐµ ÐºÑÐ°ÐµÐ² Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð´ÑÑÐ³ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð° Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÐºÑ.
description: In many industries, such as the production of metals, textiles, paper, various films and other materials, the operation of unwinding rolls is used. When packing bulk products with small doses of carbohydrates and the pharmaceutical industry, the packaging tape is unwound and pulled in a discrete mode. This work relates to devices for packing bulk products in small doses and includes the development of a new design of the unit for installing and securing the rolls, which makes it possible to compensate for errors in the fit dimensions of the roll sleeve and will ensure that the edges of the tape do not shift relative to each other during subsequent folding.
Structure functions for light nuclei
Creators: name: Kulagin, S. A.
name: Petti, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the nuclear EMC effect with particular emphasis on recent data for light nuclei including 2H, 3He, 4He, 9Be, 12C and 14N. In order to verify the consistency of available data, we calculate the χ^2 deviation between different data sets. We find a good agreement between the results from the NMC, SLAC E139, and HERMES experiments. However, our analysis indicates an overall normalization offset of about 2% in the data from the recent JLab E03-103 experiment with respect to previous data for nuclei heavier than 3He. We also discuss the extraction of the neutron/proton structure function ratio F2n/F2p from the nuclear ratios 3He/2H and 2H/1H. Our analysis shows that the E03-103 data on 3He/2H require a renormalization of about 3% in order to be consistent with the F2n/F2p ratio obtained from the NMC experiment. After such a renormalization, the 3He data from the E03-103 data and HERMES experiments are in a good agreement. Finally, we present a detailed comparison between data and model calculations, which include a description of the nuclear binding, Fermi motion and off-shell corrections to the structure functions of bound proton and neutron, as well as the nuclear pion and shadowing corrections. Overall, a good agreement with the available data for all nuclei is obtained.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, final version published in Phys. Rev. C
Variational Stochastic Parameterisations and their Applications to Primitive Equation Models
Creators: name: Hu, Ruiao
name: Patching, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical investigation into the stochastic parameterisations of the Primitive Equations (PE) using the Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) and Stochastic Forcing by Lie Transport (SFLT) frameworks. These frameworks were chosen due to their structure-preserving introduction of stochasticity, which decomposes the transport velocity and fluid momentum into their drift and stochastic parts, respectively. In this paper, we develop a new calibration methodology to implement the momentum decomposition of SFLT and compare with the Lagrangian path methodology implemented for SALT. The resulting stochastic Primitive Equations are then integrated numerically using a modification of the FESOM2 code. For certain choices of the stochastic parameters, we show that SALT causes an increase in the eddy kinetic energy field and an improvement in the spatial spectrum. SFLT also shows improvements in these areas, though to a lesser extent. SALT does, however, have the drawback of an excessive downwards diffusion of temperature.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Coupling of waves to sea surface currents via horizontal density gradients
Creators: name: Holm, Darryl D.
name: Hu, Ruiao
name: Street, Oliver D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical models and numerical simulations reported here are motivated by satellite observations of horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature and salinity that are closely coordinated with the slowly varying envelope of the rapidly oscillating waves. This coordination of gradients of fluid material properties with wave envelopes tends to occur when strong horizontal buoyancy gradients are present. The nonlinear models of this coordinated movement presented here may provide future opportunities for the optimal design of satellite imagery that could simultaneously capture the dynamics of both waves and currents directly. The model derived here appears in two levels of approximation: first for rapidly oscillating waves, and then for their slowly varying envelope (SVE) approximation obtained by using the WKB approach. The WKB wave-current-buoyancy interaction model derived here for a free surface with significant horizontal buoyancy gradients indicates that the mechanism for the emergence of these correlations is the ponderomotive force of the slowly varying envelope of rapidly oscillating waves acting on the surface currents via the horizontal buoyancy gradient. In this model, the buoyancy gradient appears explicitly in the WKB wave momentum, which in turn generates density-weighted potential vorticity whenever the buoyancy gradient is not aligned with the wave-envelope gradient.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2nd version, comments welcome by email