cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary document for Tunable Lattice-Induced Transparent Metasurface for Dynamic Terahertz Wave Modulation - 7132022.pdf
Creators: name: Guo, Wenpeng
name: WANG, YU
name: Tan, Peng
name: Wang, Guanchao
name: Li, Zhenghao
name: Liu, Chenxiang
name: Che, Xingkai
name: Li, Li
name: Tian, Hao
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting Documents
Strength and Aerobic Exercise for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Symptoms
Creators: name: Sekhon, Amit A.
name: Harrison, Liam Maxwell
name: Kong, Jeffrey J.J.
name: Sirois, Ailsa C.
name: Brown, Fiona K.
name: Khodabandeh, Chayanne M.
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2020

description: Background: Arthritis is a prevalent joint disease characterized by joint inflammation. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis which causes progressive cartilage breakdown at the ends of bones and may affect surrounding ligaments, menisci and muscles. Osteoarthritis puts individuals at an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions. The use of exercise is growing as a low-risk treatment for symptoms of osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review is to examine how strength and aerobic exercise interventions can be used for the management of osteoarthritis symptoms. Methodology: A literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and UBC Library. Selected literature included quasi-experimental studies, randomized-controlled trials, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and exercise guidelines. Results: The literature indicates that strength exercise is beneficial to symptom management and physical function among individuals with osteoarthritis. Research specific to quadriceps strengthening showed significant improvements in physical performance, walking self-efficacy, and pain. While aerobic exercise plays a vital role in overall well-being, it also is shown to be as effective as strength exercise for symptom management and physical function. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that strength and aerobic exercise can enhance the quality of life among individuals with osteoarthritis. Greater dissemination of evidence is needed to increase awareness of strength and aerobic exercise as a valuable treatment option for osteoarthritis. Further research is required to determine optimal exercise parameters prescribed for individuals with osteoarthritis. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada 2019;XXX(X):X-XX. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.XXX.XXX Keywords: Physical Activity, Quadricep Strengthening, Exercise Prescription, Randomized-Controlled Trial, Systematic Review, Medications
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020)
First-passage dynamics of obstructed tracer particle diffusion in one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Forsling, Robin
name: Sanders, Lloyd
name: Ambjörnsson, Tobias
name: Lizana, Ludvig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard setup for single-file diffusion is diffusing particles in one dimension which cannot overtake each other, where the dynamics of a tracer (tagged) particle is of main interest. In this article we generalise this system and investigate first-passage properties of a tracer particle when flanked by crowder particles which may, besides diffuse, unbind (rebind) from (to) the one-dimensional lattice with rates $k_{\rm off}$ ($k_{\rm on}$). The tracer particle is restricted to diffuse with rate $k_D$ on the lattice. Such a model is relevant for the understanding of gene regulation where regulatory proteins are searching for specific binding sites ona crowded DNA. We quantify the first-passage time distribution, $f(t)$ ($t$ is time), numerically using the Gillespie algorithm, and estimate it analytically. In terms of our key parameter, the unbinding rate $k_{\rm off}$, we study the bridging of two known regimes: (i) when unbinding is frequent the particles may effectively pass each other and we recover the standard single particle result $f(t)\sim t^{-3/2}$ with a renormalized diffusion constant, (ii) when unbinding is rare we recover well-known single-file diffusion result $f(t)\sim t^{-7/4}$. The intermediate cases display rich dynamics, with the characteristic $f(t)$-peak and the long-time power-law slope both being sensitive to $k_{\rm off}$.
Investigating the Factors that Affect Osteoporosis in an Aging Population
Creators: name: Ashamalla, Mark
name: Malik, Walee S.
name: Cahill-McMahon, Nicole
name: Deol, Jasmine
name: Sandhu, Jadin
name: Hu, Tracy
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2020

description: Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health issue that has been a large topic of discussion for the last 20 years. It is largely prevalent in an aging population and primarily in post-menopausal women. Sufferers of osteoporosis experience enhanced bone fragility, contributing to an increased risk of fractures and falls. Purpose: This student driven narrative review provides a brief overview of osteoporosis and examines the modifiable factors that contribute to the effects of osteoporosis in an aging population. Methods: Information was gathered through databases including PubMed, UBC Library, and Google Scholar. Results: Adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D as well as regular exercise are factors that are recommended to increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Additionally, engaging in alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle should be avoided to optimize bone health. Conclusion: Lifestyle factors and the consumption of relevant nutrients required for bone health can be modified in order to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis in an aging population. Further research should aim to investigate the effects of a variety of different levels of physical activity and alcohol consumption, as well as the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular health.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020)
Magneto-Transport Properties of Single Crystalline LaFeAsO
Creators: name: McElroy, C. A.
name: Hamlin, J. J.
name: White, B. D.
name: McGuire, M. A.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Maple, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D55

description: Measurements of magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance on single crystalline samples of LaFeAsO grown in a NaAs flux are reported. While this material is known to be a semimetal, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity data presented herein is reminiscent of semiconducting behavior and exhibits distinct features associated with a structural transition and spin density wave (SDW) order. Magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient measurements were performed in magnetic fields up to 9 T applied perpendicular to the basal plane using a van der Pauw configuration. The charge carrier density and mobility indicate that electrons are the majority charge carriers and exhibit features indicative of the structural transition and SDW formation. Low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements have confirmed that the structural transition in these samples occurs near 140 K, compared to a transition temperature of 156 K observed in polycrystalline samples. Isotherms of magnetoresistivity measured as a function of magnetic field can be scaled onto a single curve in which the scaling field is a linear function of temperature between 2.2 K and 180 K.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Physical Review B (July 2013)
A new mixture model approach to analyzing allelic-loss data using Bayes factors
Creators: name: Desai, Manisha
name: Emond, Mary
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biometry

description: Background: Allelic-loss studies record data on the loss of genetic material in tumor tissue relative to normal tissue at various loci along the genome. As the deletion of a tumor suppressor gene can lead to tumor development, one objective of these studies is to determine which, if any, chromosome arms harbor tumor suppressor genes. Results: We propose a large class of mixture models for describing the data, and we suggest using Bayes factors to select a reasonable model from the class in order to classify the chromosome arms. Bayes factors are especially useful in the case of testing that the number of components in a mixture model is n0 versus n1. In these cases, frequentist test statistics based on the likelihood ratio statistic have unknown distributions and are therefore not applicable. Our simulation study shows that Bayes factors favor the right model most of the time when tumor suppressor genes are present. When no tumor suppressor genes are present and background allelic-loss varies, the Bayes factors are often inconclusive, although this results in a markedly reduced false-positive rate compared to that of standard frequentist approaches. Application of our methods to three data sets of esophageal adenocarcinomas yields interesting differences from those results previously published. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Bayes factors are useful for analyzing allelic-loss data.
Impacts of Generalized Uncertainty Principle on Black Hole Thermodynamics and Salecker-Wigner Inequalities
Creators: name: Tawfik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impacts of Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) proposed by some approaches to quantum gravity such as String Theory and Doubly Special Relativity on black hole thermodynamics and Salecker-Wigner inequalities. Utilizing Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the Hawking temperature, Bekenstein entropy, specific heat, emission rate and decay time are calculated. As the evaporation entirely eats up the black hole mass, the specific heat vanishes and the temperature approaches infinity with an infinite radiation rate. It is found that the GUP approach prevents the black hole from the entire evaporation. It implies the existence of remnants at which the specific heat vanishes. The same role is played by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in constructing the hydrogen atom. We discuss how the linear GUP approach solves the entire-evaporation-problem. Furthermore, the black hole lifetime can be estimated using another approach; the Salecker-Wigner inequalities. Assuming that the quantum position uncertainty is limited to the minimum wavelength of measuring signal, Wigner second inequality can be obtained. If the spread of quantum clock is limited to some minimum value, then the modified black hole lifetime can be deduced. Based on linear GUP approach, the resulting lifetime difference depends on black hole relative mass and the difference between black hole mass with and without GUP is not negligible.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures with 2 pdf graphs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.6584, arXiv:hep-th/9309138 by other authors
Veronica Sherborne Developmental Movement as an inclusive approach to teaching and working with movement
Creators: name: Aleksandrovich, Maria
Publisher: name: Univ. Bielefeld, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 370

description: Veronica Sherborne, a British movement educator and therapist, has developed an inclusive approach to teaching and working with movement. In this material will be described how her approach can be used in workshops and seminars. The SDM approach has been widely used in educational and therapeutic settings. It has been found to enhance physical coordination, spatial awareness, social skills, communication, and emotional well-being. By focusing on inclusivity and individualized support, it provides a framework for engaging and empowering individuals of all abilities through movement.
少年Aの更生を数学的に分析
Creators: name: Okawa, Kohei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: オブライエンの文学が兵士たちの『共有可能な悪夢』を作ったように、山下京子さんの手記は『共有可能な哀しみ』の原型を示している。物語化の真の効用は、単なる浄化ではなく、『他者と共に重さを抱える技術』なのかもしれない

_________

私は加害者でも被害者でもない。この距離感こそが、高校生である私の唯一の正当性だ。

この論文を書いたとき、私はおそらく「文体の冷たさ」と「人間の熱さ」の間で、自分がどちらにいるのかわからなくなったのだと思う。

「少年A」を数式に押し込めたとき、少年Aの言葉はデータになった。

でも、現実はそんなに滑らかじゃない。罪の重さはパラメータで測れないし、それと償いの間には解けない非線形性が横たわっている。

——それでも,私は「わかろう」とした。数式で人間を記述するなんて不謹慎だと言われても、「理解できないもの」を前に手を止めるよりは、間違うことを選んだ。
Graphs that do not contain a cycle with a node that has at least two neighbors on it
Creators: name: Aboulker, Pierre
name: Radovanović, Marko
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
name: Vušković, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: We recall several known results about minimally 2-connected graphs, and show that they all follow from a decomposition theorem. Starting from an analogy with critically 2-connected graphs, we give structural characterizations of the classes of graphs that do not contain as a subgraph and as an induced subgraph, a cycle with a node that has at least two neighbors on the cycle. From these characterizations we get polynomial time recognition algorithms for these classes, as well as polynomial time algorithms for vertex-coloring and edge-coloring.
title: Comparative efficacy of major anthelmintic against naturally infected Fasciola species infection in local sheep at Debre-Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yeshimebet Chanyalew1* , Tadesse Eguale3 , Getachew Tilahun3 , Chekol Demis2 , Tadios Asfaw2 , Enyew Alemnew2 and Tesfu Kassa
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Inclusive Development, Wolaita Sodo University
Year: 2020

description: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of eight major anthelmintic against Fasciola species in naturally infected sheep. In a randomized trial, 90 sheep were divided into 8 treatment groups of 10 animals each and one untreated control group of ten sheep. Prior to treatment, the animals were examined for Fasciola eggs. After the examination, they were found positive. On day zero, each group was administered to one of the following eight anthelmintic; Albex 10 %, Expitol, Tribex 10 %, Fascinex (Triclabendazole), Zerofen 10%, Albendazole, Ridafluke, and Tetraclozan. Faecal samples from each animal were examined for Fasciola eggs on day zero and then on 7, 10, 14, 21 days and 10 weeks post treatment using the sedimentation technique. Necropsy examination was performed on selected animals for 21 days and 10 weeks of post treatment on selected animals. Ridafluke showed highest efficacy against fascioliasis with 99.6 mature and 94.3 of immature worm count reduction proportion for 21 days post treatment and 91.8 % of adult worm reduction 10 weeks after treatment followed by Tribex 10% solution that showed 96 % and 98.7 % mature and immature worm count reduction, respectively, and 83.6% after 10 weeks post treatments. On the contrary, Fascinex (Triclabendazole) treatment group yielded much lower efficacy with mean 98.3% of mature Fasciola worms being recovered after 10 weeks post treatments. On the other hand, the adult Fasciola worm recovery showed high resistance in all broad spectrums anthelmintic treatment groups where Expitol and Tetraclozan showed 64 % and 63.3 % reduction of adult worms. The findings of this study indicated that the treatment group of Ridafluke and Tribex 10% showed highest efficacy and is a primary drug of choice against Fasciolosis in sheep of the study area.
Guiding Principles to Inform Future Exercise Protocols for Eating Disorder Treatment
Creators: name: Quesnel, Danika A
name: Cook, Brian
name: Caperchione, Cristina
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2020

description: Background: The management of exercise during the treatment of eating disorders (ED) has garnered much attention in the recent years. Despite interest in adopting exercise as a supplemental component to ED treatment, details are lacking regarding the specific components or guiding principles that should be considered when recommending exercise for individuals with EDs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify ED-specific guidelines on the frequency, intensity, time (duration), and type (e.g., FITT principles). Methods: To gain insight regarding these details, semi-structured interviews were conducted with an international panel of ED experts (n = 13). Verbatim transcripts were analyzed with the support of NVivo 11.0. Themes were reflective of the FITT principle. Results: Specifically, frequency and duration should follow a graded protocol that aligns with each client’s unique mental and physical health needs. Intensity of exercise should move from light, to moderate, incorporating higher intensities cautiously, depending on a client’s treatment plan and fitness levels. All types of exercise modalities were encouraged; however, flexibility exercises were viewed as safest while resistance training was recognized as most important for regaining function and body composition. Hesitancy surrounded cardiovascular activity due to its tendency to be abused by individuals with ED. Conclusion: Therefore, participants advised that social activities precede the engagement of solitary cardiovascular activities. Together, these results provide important new and clinically relevant details regarding the potential inclusion of exercise in ED treatment.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020)
Creating Holy Kings in Merovingian Gaul: Piety as a Prerequisite for Ideal Kingship in Gregory of Tours’ Historiae
Creators: name: Jones, John William
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gregory of Tours
subject: Historiae
subject: Historia Francorum
subject: Piety
subject: Merovingian
subject: Gaul
subject: Kingship

description: An analysis of piety as a qualifying criterion for ideal kingship in Merovingian Gaul as seen within Gregory of Tours' Historiae.
title: Exploring Noise as Information
Creators: name: Ding, Ruiyang
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copy art
subject: Glitch art
subject: Noise

description: My art practice is based on the study of machines. Instead of focusing on how machines usually work, I discover and explore the noise of machines – both visually and aurally. In my work, I use a photocopier to scan and print the same image repeatedly, which results in the original image becoming distorted and abstracted with noise. This work was initially influenced by the distorted homework paper handouts I regularly received at the school in China as a child – many of which were nearly illegible. In my practice, I explore the idea of noise as information. To help provide background to this work, I discuss three main aspects: glitch art, the actor-network theory, and how it connects to my work. Through my studio projects I have explored how noise, which is often viewed as an unwanted by product, can be used as the main content of a piece of work. Each form of communication technology has its own types of noise, which has its own aesthetic and style – and my hope is that my projects highlight the beauty and texture of noise that is usually only considered in a negative way.
SMART - a computer program for modelling stellar atmospheres
Creators: name: Aret, Anna
name: Sapar, Arved
name: Poolamäe, Raivo
name: Sapar, Lili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Program SMART (Spectra and Model Atmospheres by Radiative Transfer) has been composed for modelling atmospheres and spectra of hot stars (O, B and A spectral classes) and studying different physical processes in them (Sapar & Poolamäe 2003, Sapar et al. 2007). Line-blanketed models are computed assuming plane-parallel, static and horizontally homogeneous atmosphere in radiative, hydrostatic and local thermodynamic equilibrium. Main advantages of SMART are its shortness, simplicity, user friendliness and flexibility for study of different physical processes. SMART successfully runs on PC both under Windows and Linux.
Conference Report: Artificial Intelligence for Data Discovery and Reuse (AIDR) and Open Science Symposium (OSS) 2020
Creators: name: Huajin Wang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80306 Open Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80799 Library and Information Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: A report summarizing main themes and takeaways from two joint Symposia: Artificial Intelligence for Data Discovery and Reuse (AIDR) and Open Science Symposium (OSS), hosted by the Open Science & Data Collaborations program at Carnegie Mellon University Libraries in 2020.
Relationality in Place: Radical Pedagogy and Decolonial Space
Creators: name: DE SOUZA, CAROL JULIE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indigenous methodologies
Architectural history, theory and criticism
Creative arts, media and communication curriculum and pedagogy

description: This creative practice research explores how creating architecture and spaces for knowledge exchange outside of formal institutions can foster and support cross-cultural social action and connections between marginalised people through valuing place-based and Indigenous knowledge systems in Australia, and how collective learning that focuses on sharing stories and deep listening, can reveal knowledge about place.
Supplementary document for High accuracy patient–specific 3D coronary reconstruction from angiography and intravascular optical coherence tomography - 7122788.pdf
Creators: name: Sun, Cuiru
name: Wang, Songchen
name: Tao, Kuiyuan
name: Zhang, Xiaochuan
name: Chen, Jinlong
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biomaterials
Biomechanical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Biological Techniques

description: Network structure and spatial path error calculation
Edge-colouring and total-colouring chordless graphs
Creators: name: Machado, Raphael C. S.
name: de Figueiredo, Celina M. H.
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: A graph $G$ is \emph{chordless} if no cycle in $G$ has a chord. In the present work we investigate the chromatic index and total chromatic number of chordless graphs. We describe a known decomposition result for chordless graphs and use it to establish that every chordless graph of maximum degree $Δ\geq 3$ has chromatic index $Δ$ and total chromatic number $Δ+ 1$. The proofs are algorithmic in the sense that we actually output an optimal colouring of a graph instance in polynomial time.
Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of (20000) Varuna in the near-infrared
Creators: name: Lorenzi, V.
name: Pinilla-Alonso, N.
name: Licandro, J.
name: Ore, C. M. Dalle
name: Emery, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of the escape and retention of volatiles by minor icy objects exclude any presence of volatile ices on the surface of TNOs smaller than ~1000km in diameter at the typical temperature in this region of the solar system, whereas the same models show that water ice is stable on the surface of objects over a wide range of diameters. Collisions and cometary activity have been used to explain the process of surface refreshing of TNOs and Centaurs. These processes can produce surface heterogeneity that can be studied by collecting information at different rotational phases. The aims of this work are to study the surface composition of (20000)Varuna, a TNO with a diameter ~650km and to search for indications of rotational variability. We observed Varuna during two consecutive nights in January 2011 with NICS@TNG obtaining a set of spectra covering the whole rotation period of Varuna. After studying the spectra corresponding to different rotational phases, we did not find any indication of surface variability. In all the spectra, we detect an absorption at 2μm, suggesting the presence of water ice on the surface. We do not detect any other volatiles on the surface, although the S/N is not high enough to discard their presence. Based on scattering models, we present two possible compositions compatible with our set of data and discuss their implications in the frame of the collisional history of the Kuiper Belt. We find that the most probable composition for the surface of Varuna is a mixture of amorphous silicates, complex organics, and water ice. This composition is compatible with all the materials being primordial. However, our data can also be fitted by models containing up to a 10% of methane ice. For an object with the characteristics of Varuna, this volatile could not be primordial, so an event, such as an energetic impact, would be needed to explain its presence on the surface.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, to be published in A&A
Seasonal changes in food quality: a proximate cue for reproductive timing in marine iguanas
Creators: name: Rubenstein, Dustin Reid
name: Wikelski, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Animal behavior

description: We investigated the proximate environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction in the seasonally and synchronously breeding Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Marine iguana foraging patterns are closely linked to the tidal cycle, and they feed exclusively on macroalgae. The Galápagos Islands are characterized by seasonal currents that impact water temperature and ultimately algal abundance, which is known to affect iguana body condition and survival. In our study, marine iguanas preferred Gelidium sp., which had the highest nutritional quality (nitrogen content, carbon content, and C:N ratio) of the three species of macroalgae on which they feed. Nutritional quality in Gelidium changed predictably with increasing sea surface temperature, peaking around the median iguana copulation date. Similarly, foraging behavior changed around the time copulations began. To test if consistent relationships existed among food quality, water temperature, and breeding life history, we used seven years of data from this population and found that breeding occurred earlier in years when the mean December sea surface temperature was warmer. Although iguanas might cue directly on changes in sea surface temperature, given the frequency and intensity of El Niño events in the Galápagos, this hypothesis is unlikely. Rather, our results suggest that marine iguanas may use subtle changes in food quality (particularly energy content) associated with seasonal, but annually variable, changes in water temperature as a cue to initiate breeding. The excess available energy may be used to withstand the costly breeding period, as well as to provision yolk to improve hatchling growth and survival.
Diversities and Conformities
Creators: name: Poelstra, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Diversities have recently been developed as multiway metrics admitting clear and useful notions of hyperconvexity and tight span. In this note we consider the analytic properties of diversities, in particular the generalizations of uniform continuity, uniform convergence, Cauchy sequences and completeness to diversities. We develop conformities, a diversity analogue of uniform spaces, which abstract these concepts in the metric case. We show that much of the theory of uniform spaces admits a natural analogue in this new structure; for example, conformities can be defined either axiomatically or in terms of uniformly continuous pseudodiversities. Just as diversities can be restricted to metrics, conformities can be restricted to uniformities. We find that these two notions of restriction, which are functors in the appropriate categories, are related by a natural transformation.
description: 16 pages
Electric control of spin in monolayer WSe2 field effect transistors
Creators: name: Gong, Kui
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Liu, Dongping
name: Liu, Lei
name: Zhu, Yu
name: Zhao, Yonghong
name: Guo, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first principles theoretical investigation of quantum transport in monolayer WSe2 field effect transistor (FET). Due to a strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and the atomic structure of the two-dimensional (2D) lattice, monolayer WSe2 has an interesting electronic structure that exhibits Zeeman-like up-down spin texture near the K and K' points of the Brillouin zone. In a FET, the gate electric field induces an extra, externally tunable SOI that re-orients the spins into a Rashba-like texture thereby realizing electric control of the spin. Quantum transport is modulated by the spin texture, namely by if the spin orientation of the carrier after the gated channel region, matches or miss-matches that of the FET drain electrode. The carrier current in the FET is labelled both the spin index and the valley index, realizing spintronics and valleytronics in the same device.
Google matrix analysis of C.elegans neural network
Creators: name: Kandiah, Vivek
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the structural properties of the neural network of the C.elegans (worm) from a directed graph point of view. The Google matrix analysis is used to characterize the neuron connectivity structure and node classifications are discussed and compared with physiological properties of the cells. Our results are obtained by a proper definition of neural directed network and subsequent eigenvector analysis which recovers some results of previous studies. Our analysis highlights particular sets of important neurons constituting the core of the neural system. The applications of PageRank, CheiRank and ImpactRank to characterization of interdependency of neurons are discussed.
description: Additional information on the webpage http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/QWLIB/wormgooglematrix/index.html
A Red Team/Blue Team Assessment of Functional Analysis Methods for Malicious Circuit Identification
Creators: name: Waksman, Adam
name: Rajendran, Jeyavijayan
name: Suozzo, Matthew Robert
name: Sethumadhavan, Simha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recent advances in hardware security have led to the development of FANCI (Functional Analysis for Nearly-Unused Circuit Identification), an analysis tool that identifies stealthy, malicious circuits within hardware designs that can perform malicious backdoor behavior. Evaluations of such tools against benchmarks and academic attacks are not always equivalent to the dynamic attack scenarios that can arise in the real world. For this reason, we apply a red team/blue team approach to stress-test FANCI's abilities to efficiently detect malicious backdoor circuits within hardware designs. In the Embedded Systems Challenge (ESC) 2013, teams from research groups from multiple continents created designs with malicious backdoors hidden in them as part of a red team effort to circumvent FANCI. Notably, these backdoors were not placed into a priori known designs. The red team was allowed to create arbitrary, unspecified designs. Two interesting results came out of this effort. The first was that FANCI was surprisingly resilient to this wide variety of attacks and was not circumvented by any of the stealthy backdoors created by the red teams. The second result is that frequent-action backdoors, which are backdoors that are not made stealthy, were often successful. These results emphasize the importance of combining FANCI with a reasonable degree of validation testing. The blue team efforts also exposed some aspects of the FANCI prototype that make analysis time-consuming in some cases, which motivates further development of the prototype in the future.
One size does not fit all: gender, audience, and problematizing the notion of 'candidate self-presentation' online
Creators: name: Nevin, Jessica Venita
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Gender structures multiple aspects of how candidates present themselves to the public, and it is reinforced particularly by the media. However, I argue that it does not affect all aspects of self-presentation equally; that is, it may be easier for women to contest gender norms on some aspects than on others. I theorize that this is due to the public-private divide, which not only shapes expectations for how men and women candidates will present themselves on various aspects, but also the degree to which women will receive “backlash” for contesting those expectations. The closer to women’s essential private, domestic role an aspect of campaigns is, the more backlash they may receive, and the more complicated it may be for them to try to contest those norms. On the other hand, when aspects are more removed from their private role may allow for greater flexibility to contest norms. I investigate how gender structures three aspects of self-presentation – family roles, personality traits and issue competencies – to assess how men and women currently navigate self-presentation. I measure this by the degree to which women either contest gendered expectations by presenting themselves in gender-incongruent ways, or embody such expectations by pursuing a gender-congruent strategy. I understand candidates as reelection-seeking and backlash-avoidant. I rely on tweets, coded for mentions of family roles, traits and issues, from all major-party candidates for U.S. House in 2016 to address these questions. My findings are complex and nuanced. Overall, they demonstrate that women are especially less likely to mention their marital role than men are, but candidates of both genders mostly minimize mentions of family, suggesting that, with respect to family roles, the balance of gender power is relatively even on Twitter. Gender may be less salient there. However, the aspects of self-presentation that I examine have been shown to carry gendered connotations, and candidates’ minimizing them may be, in part, a reaction to those connotations. The aspects may receive less activity because campaigns perceive that they carry less salience when the balance of gender power is even. Thus, they are still strategizing around, performing, gender. In addition, women candidates tend to pursue gender-incongruent behavior in the personality traits they claim, avoiding even potentially positive feminine traits like “compassion.” Finally, policy issues are the only aspect on which women can embrace gender-congruent behavior, which they do by emphasizing feminine issues. I also explore how party may influence strategy when navigating gendered norms. These findings suggest that norms that are more closely tied to women’s private role are indeed more complicated to navigate.
Spectral Similarity of Unbound Asteroid Pairs
Creators: name: Wolters, Stephen D.
name: Weissman, Paul R.
name: Christou, Apostolis
name: Duddy, Samuel R.
name: Lowry, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared spectroscopy between 0.8 and 2.5 microns has been obtained for both components of three unbound asteroid pairs, using the NASA-IRTF with the SpeX instrument. Pair primary (2110) Moore-Sitterly is classified as an S-type following the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy; the classification for secondary (44612) 1999 RP27 is ambiguous: S/Sq/Q/K/L-type. Primary (10484) Hecht and secondary (44645) 1999 RC118 are classified as V-types. IR spectra for Moore-Sitterly and Hecht are each linked with available visual photometry. The classifications for primary (88604) 2001 QH293 and (60546) 2000 EE85 are ambiguous: S/Sq/Q/K/L-type. Subtle spectral differences between them suggest the primary may have more weathered material on its surface. Dynamical integrations have constrained the ages of formation: 2110-44612 > 782 kyr; 10484-44645 = 348 (+823,-225) kyr; 88604-60546 = 925 (+842,-754) kyr. The spectral similarity of seven complete pairs is ranked in comparison with nearby background asteroids. Two pairs, 17198-229056 and 19289-278067, have significantly different spectra between the components, compared to the similarity of spectra in the background population. The other pairs are closer than typical, supporting an interpretation of each pair's formation from a common parent body.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 8 Figures, 3 Tables
Imagining Iran before Nationalism: Geocultural Meanings of Land in Azar's Atashkadeh
Creators: name: Kia, Mana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: History
Middle Eastern literature

description: This article outlines geocultural meaning of land in a famous late 18th-century tazkirah (commemorative biographical compendium), Aza Begdili's Atashkadah. In doing so, it historicizes the meaning of Iran in the context of a broader Persianate world (including Central and South Asia) that is strikingly different from modern nationalism.
Bursts of Active Transport in Living Cells
Creators: name: Wang, Bo
name: Kuo, James
name: Granick, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We scrutinize the temporally-resolved speed of active cargo transport in living cells, and show intermittent bursting motions. These nonlinear fluctuations follow a scaling law over several decades of time and space, the statistical regularities displaying a time-averaged shape that we interpret to reflect stress buildup followed by rapid release. The power law of scaling is the same as seen in driven jammed colloids, granular, and magnetic systems. The implied regulation of active transport with environmental obstruction extends the classical notion of molecular crowding.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 478-4
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); greatest problem facing the province(1); greatest problem facing Canada(1); free choice between English and French schools(1); drinking habits and alcoholism(4); Canada's mail service(2); US-Canada relations under President Reagan(1); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performances(3); acid rain(1). Note: Demographics(17).
The Economics of Cyberwar
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer science

description: Cyberwar is very much in the news these days. It is tempting to try to understand the economics of such an activity, if only qualitatively. What effort is required? What can such attacks accomplish? What does this say, if anything, about the likelihood of cyberwar?
title: Historias de Maíz
Creators: name: Guinea Gil, Pilar
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Photography
subject: Sculpture
subject: Memory

description: My thesis research is an investigation of Guatemala’s history, where I am from. I do this in resistance to silence, venerating and collaborating with my ancestors. The silence I speak of is a Guatemalan characteristic that entails never speaking about trauma. The trauma of violence, war and the wounds left by the colonization of indigenous peoples by the Spanish. This silence exists in my home were the recent war is seldom talked about, it exists in school classrooms where we are not taught history, and it exists in the public as forms of self hate and neglect of the other. But this silence is broken by the iq’ (wind) on the day of the dead. During the celebrations for the day of the dead in Guatemala, communities gather each year on November the 1st to construct giant kites that with their flight take messages to the dead. But within these messages there exists resistance. I am using the idea of the kite to venerate and communicate with the people of the CIRMA archive (center for mesoamerican research), that is an archive of guatemalan history through the lense of a camera. The photographs of the archive are witnesses of history, they break the silence and deny the lies. I have separated this archive in two group, the perpetrators that stand as witnesses, and the photographs that symbolize collective memories and ancestors whom I wish to venerate in the creation of a memory sculptures that function as kites that cannot fly. The heaviness of their material, that of the cement and steel ground the kites to the earth as symbols of what repression and silence can create. I hope that by the creation of these sculptures I am able to resurrect these spirits and celebrate them in hopes that their memory can be not only acknowledged, but released.
On the application of Good-Turing statistics to quantify convergence of biomolecular simulations
Creators: name: Koukos, Panagiotis I.
name: Glykos, Nicholas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Quantifying convergence and sufficient sampling of macromolecular molecular dynamics simulations is more often than not a source of controversy (and of various ad hoc solutions) in the field. Clearly, the only reasonable, consistent and satisfying way to infer convergence (or otherwise) of a molecular dynamics trajectory must be based on probability theory. Ideally, the question we would wish to answer is the following : "What is the probability that a molecular configuration important for the analysis in hand has not yet been observed ?". Here we propose a method for answering a variant of this question by using the Good-Turing formalism for frequency estimation of unobserved species in a sample. Although several approaches may be followed in order to deal with the problem of discretizing the configurational space, for this work we use the classical RMSD matrix as a means to answering the following question: "What is the probability that a molecular configuration with an RMSD (from all other already observed configurations) higher than a given threshold has not actually been observed ?". We apply the proposed method to several different trajectories and show that the procedure appears to be both computationally stable and internally consistent. A free, open-source program implementing these ideas is immediately available for download via public repositories.
Unified Multimodal Model with Unlikelihood Training for Visual Dialog
Creators: name: Wang, Zihao
name: Wang, Junli
name: Jiang, Changjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The task of visual dialog requires a multimodal chatbot to answer sequential questions from humans about image content. Prior work performs the standard likelihood training for answer generation on the positive instances (involving correct answers). However, the likelihood objective often leads to frequent and dull outputs and fails to exploit the useful knowledge from negative instances (involving incorrect answers). In this paper, we propose a Unified Multimodal Model with UnLikelihood Training, named UniMM-UL, to tackle this problem. First, to improve visual dialog understanding and generation by multi-task learning, our model extends ViLBERT from only supporting answer discrimination to holding both answer discrimination and answer generation seamlessly by different attention masks. Specifically, in order to make the original discriminative model compatible with answer generation, we design novel generative attention masks to implement the autoregressive Masked Language Modeling (autoregressive MLM) task. And to attenuate the adverse effects of the likelihood objective, we exploit unlikelihood training on negative instances to make the model less likely to generate incorrect answers. Then, to utilize dense annotations, we adopt different fine-tuning methods for both generating and discriminating answers, rather than just for discriminating answers as in the prior work. Finally, on the VisDial dataset, our model achieves the best generative results (69.23 NDCG score). And our model also yields comparable discriminative results with the state-of-the-art in both single-model and ensemble settings (75.92 and 76.17 NDCG scores).
description: Accepted by the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM 2022)
Fluctuating Environments, Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Flexible Mate Choice in Birds
Creators: name: Botero, Carlos A.
name: Rubenstein, Dustin Reid
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Evolution (Biology)

description: Environmentally-induced fluctuation in the form and strength of natural selection can drive the evolution of morphology, physiology, and behavior. Here we test the idea that fluctuating climatic conditions may also influence the process of sexual selection by inducing unexpected reversals in the relative quality or sexual attractiveness of potential breeding partners. Although this phenomenon, known as ‘ecological cross-over’, has been documented in a variety of species, it remains unclear the extent to which it has driven the evolution of major interspecific differences in reproductive behavior. We show that after controlling for potentially influential life history and demographic variables, there are significant positive associations between the variability and predictability of annual climatic cycles and the prevalence of infidelity and divorce within populations of a taxonomically diverse array of socially monogamous birds. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental factors have shaped the evolution of reproductive flexibility and suggest that in the absence of severe time constraints, secondary mate choice behaviors can help prevent, correct, or minimize the negative consequences of ecological cross-overs. Our findings also illustrate how a basic evolutionary process like sexual selection is susceptible to the increasing variability and unpredictability of climatic conditions that is resulting from climate change.