cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LIBER Webinar: Overview and Implementation of Europe's New Copyright Legislation
Creators: name: White, Benjamin
name: Talke, Armin
name: Holm, Jonas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Copyright

description: What does Europe's new Copyright Directive mean for your library?  In this webinar, LIBER's Copyright & Legal Matters working group reviews the key points of the Directive, expanding on the points in this blog post. The implementation of the Copyright Directive on a national level is also discussed. This is critical because all European Directives set high-level goals, and allow much flexibility and leeway in exactly how those aims are achieved. Depending on what your national government decides, new activities and services for your library could be opened up or a situation could be created where the costs, overheads or rules associated with implementation mean that, in effect, the new copyright laws cannot be enjoyed at all. LIBER is willing to support its libraries in helping with national implementation, to ensure that our sector gets the best result possible. In this webinar, we discuss how you can engage proactively in implementation. Our speakers are Ben White (British Library), Armin Talke (Legal Advisor, Berlin State Library) and Jonas Holm (Senior Associate, MarLaw AB Law Firm). The webinar is hosted by Giannis Tsakonas (LIBER Executive Board member; Acting Director in the Library & Information Center, University of Patras). A recording of the webinar can be found here.
New boundary conditions for the approximate flux-limited diffusion radiative transfer in circumstellar environments: test case study for spherically symmetric envelopes
Creators: name: Perdigon, Jérémy
name: Niccolini, Gilles
name: Faurobert, Marianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to constrain the models describing circumstellar environments, it is necessary to solve the radiative transfer equation in the presence of absorption and scattering, coupled with the equation for radiative equilibrium. However, solving this problem requires much CPU time, which makes the use of automatic minimisation procedures to characterise these environments challenging. The use of approximate methods is then of primary interest. One promising candidate method is the flux-limited diffusion (FLD), which recasts the radiative transfer problem into a non-linear diffusion equation. One important aspect for the accuracy of the method lies in the implementation of appropriate boundary conditions (BCs). We present new BCs for the FLD approximation in circumstellar environments that we apply here to spherically symmetric envelopes. At the inner boundary, the entering flux (coming from the star and from the envelope itself) may be written in the FLD formalism and provides us with an adequate BC. At the free outer boundary, we used the FLD formalism to constrain the ratio of the mean radiation intensity over the emerging flux. In both cases we derived non-linear mixed BCs relating the surface values of the mean specific intensity and its gradient. We implemented these conditions and compared the results with previous benchmarks and the results of a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. A comparison with results derived from BCs that were previously proposed in other contexts is presented as well. For all the tested cases, the average relative difference with the benchmark results is below 2\% for the temperature profile and below 6\% for the corresponding spectral energy distribution or the emerging flux. We point out that the FLD method together with the new outer BC also allows us to derive an approximation for the emerging flux.
Entwurf und Prüfung von UHF-Antennen für die TE-Messung in Transformatoren
Creators: name: Dinter, Chris
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: UHF-Antenne
subject: TE-Messung
subject: Transformator
subject: 621.384

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Verbesserung von Antennensystemen, die für die Teilentladungsmessung in Leistungstransformatoren eingesetzt werden. In einem Laborversuch soll ein typisches Antennensystem, das zur Zeit schon im Einsatz ist, mit einem neuentwickeltem System verglichen werden, bei dem die Geometrie der Antenne variiert wird. Dabei werden die Erfahrungswerte über die in Leistungstransformatoren auftretenden Teilentladungen verwendet, die aus dem Einsatz der bisherigen Antennen und anderen Arbeiten zu diesem Thema entstanden sind. Aus diesen Erfahrungen kann die neue Antenne spezieller auf den tatsächlich auftretenden Frequenzbereich der Entladungen angepasst werden.
CFT adapted gauge invariant formulation of arbitrary spin fields in AdS and modified de Donder gauge
Creators: name: Metsaev, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Poincare parametrization of AdS space, we study totally symmetric arbitrary spin massless fields in AdS space of dimension greater than or equal to four. CFT adapted gauge invariant formulation for such fields is developed. Gauge symmetries are realized similarly to the ones of Stueckelberg formulation of massive fields. We demonstrate that the curvature and radial coordinate contributions to the gauge transformation and Lagrangian of the AdS fields can be expressed in terms of ladder operators. Realization of the global AdS symmetries in the conformal algebra basis is obtained. Modified de Donder gauge leading to simple gauge fixed Lagrangian is found. The modified de Donder gauge leads to decoupled equations of motion which can easily be solved in terms of Bessel function. Interrelations between our approach to the massless AdS fields and the Stueckelberg approach to massive fields in flat space are discussed.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX-2e. v3: Footnotes 4,9 and references added. Typos corrected
Improving Robustness and Accuracy via Relative Information Encoding in 3D Human Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Shan, Wenkang
name: Lu, Haopeng
name: Wang, Shanshe
name: Zhang, Xinfeng
name: Gao, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most of the existing 3D human pose estimation approaches mainly focus on predicting 3D positional relationships between the root joint and other human joints (local motion) instead of the overall trajectory of the human body (global motion). Despite the great progress achieved by these approaches, they are not robust to global motion, and lack the ability to accurately predict local motion with a small movement range. To alleviate these two problems, we propose a relative information encoding method that yields positional and temporal enhanced representations. Firstly, we encode positional information by utilizing relative coordinates of 2D poses to enhance the consistency between the input and output distribution. The same posture with different absolute 2D positions can be mapped to a common representation. It is beneficial to resist the interference of global motion on the prediction results. Second, we encode temporal information by establishing the connection between the current pose and other poses of the same person within a period of time. More attention will be paid to the movement changes before and after the current pose, resulting in better prediction performance on local motion with a small movement range. The ablation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed relative information encoding method. Besides, we introduce a multi-stage optimization method to the whole framework to further exploit the positional and temporal enhanced representations. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two public datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/paTRICK-swk/Pose3D-RIE.
description: In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM '21)
Relaxation at different length-scales in models of many-body localization
Creators: name: Herbrych, J.
name: Mierzejewski, M.
name: Prelovšek, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical correlation functions in the random-field Heisenberg chain, which probes the relaxation times at different length scales. Firstly, we show that the relaxation time associated with the dynamical imbalance (examining the relaxation at the smallest length scale) decreases with disorder much faster than the one determined by the dc conductivity (probing the global response of the system). We argue that the observed dependence of relaxation on the length scale originates from local nonresonant regions. The latter have particularly long relaxation times or remain frozen, allowing for nonzero dc transport via higher-order processes. Based on the numerical evidence, we introduce a toy model that suggests that the nonresonant regions asymptotic dynamics are essential for the proper understanding of the disordered chains with many-body interactions.
Reconciling Grand Unification with Strings by Anisotropic Compactifications
Creators: name: Dundee, Ben
name: Raby, Stuart
name: Wingerter, Akin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze gauge coupling unification in the context of heterotic strings on anisotropic orbifolds. This construction is very much analogous to effective 5 dimensional orbifold GUT field theories. Our analysis assumes three fundamental scales, the string scale, $\mstring$, a compactification scale, $\mc$, and a mass scale for some of the vector-like exotics, $\mex$; the other exotics are assumed to get mass at $\mstring$. In the particular models analyzed, we show that gauge coupling unification is not possible with $\mex = \mc$ and in fact we require $\mex \ll \mc \sim 3 \times 10^{16}$ GeV. We find that about 10% of the parameter space has a proton lifetime (from dimension 6 gauge exchange) $10^{33} {\rm yr} \lesssimτ(p\to π^0e^+) \lesssim 10^{36} {\rm yr}$. The other 80% of the parameter space gives proton lifetimes below Super-K bounds. The next generation of proton decay experiments should be sensitive to the remaining parameter space.
description: 36 pages and 5 figures, contains some new references and additional paragraph in conclusion
Quantum Theory on Lobatchevski Spaces
Creators: name: Moschella, Ugo
name: Schaeffer, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we set up a general formalism to deal with quantum theories on a Lobatchevski space, i.e. a spatial manifold that is homogeneous, isotropic and has negative curvature. The heart of our approach is the construction of a suitable basis of plane waves which are eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator relative to the geometry of the curved space. These functions were previously introduced in the mathematical literature in the context of group theory; here we revisit and adapt the formalism in a way specific for quantum mechanics. Our developments render dealing with Lobatchevski spaces, which used to be quite difficult and source of controversies, easily tractable. Applications to the Milne and de Sitter universes are discussed as examples.
Smart thermal management with near-field thermal radiation
Creators: name: Latella, Ivan
name: Biehs, Svend-Age
name: Ben-Abdallah, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When two objects at different temperatures are separated by a vacuum gap they can exchange heat by radiation only. At large separation distances (far-field regime) the amount of transferred heat flux is limited by Stefan-Boltzmann's law (blackbody limit). In contrast, at subwavelength distances (near-field regime) this limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude thanks to the contributions of evanescent waves. This article reviews the recent progress on the passive and active control of near-field radiative heat exchange in two- and many-body systems.
Electric excitation of spin resonance in antiferromagnetic conductors
Creators: name: Ramazashvili, Revaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiferromagnetism couples electron spin to its orbital motion, thus allowing excitation of electron-spin transitions by an ac electric rather than magnetic field - with absorption, exceeding that of common electron spin resonance at least by four orders of magnitude. In addition to potential applications in spin electronics, this phenomenon may be used as a spectroscopy to study antiferromagnetic materials of interest - from chromium to borocarbides, cuprates, iron pnictides, and organic and heavy fermion conductors.
description: the journal print version
Notes on a SQCD-like plasma dual and holographic renormalization
Creators: name: Cotrone, A. L.
name: Pons, J. M.
name: Talavera, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics and the jet quenching parameter of a black hole solution dual to a SQCD-like plasma which includes the backreaction of fundamental flavors. The free energy is calculated in several ways, including some recently proposed holographic renormalization prescriptions. The validity of the latter is confirmed by the consistency with the other methods. The resulting thermodynamic properties are similar to the Little String Theory ones: the temperature is fixed at the Hagedorn value and the free energy is vanishing. Finally, an accurate analysis of the relevant string configurations shows that the jet quenching parameter is zero in this model, in agreement with previous findings.
description: 26 pages. v2: references added
Unveiling quasiparticle dynamics of topological insulators through Bayesian modelling
Creators: name: Tokuda, Satoru
name: Souma, Seigo
name: Segawa, Kouji
name: Takahashi, Takashi
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Nakanishi, Takeshi
name: Sato, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasiparticle - a key concept to describe interacting particles - characterizes electron-electron interaction in metals (Fermi liquid) and electron pairing in superconductors. While this concept essentially relies on the simplification of hard-to-solve many-body problem into one-particle picture and residual effects, a difficulty in disentangling many-body effects from experimental quasiparticle signature sometimes hinders unveiling intrinsic low-energy dynamics, as highlighted by the fierce controversy on the origin of Dirac-band anomaly in graphene and dispersion kink in high-temperature superconductors. Here, we propose an approach to solve this fundamental problem - the Bayesian modelling of quasiparticles. We have chosen a topological insulator $\mathrm{TlBi(S,Se)_2}$ as a model system to formulate an inverse problem of quasiparticle spectra with semiparametric Bayesian analysis, and successfully extracted one-particle and many-body characteristics, i.e. the intrinsic energy gap and unusual lifetime in Dirac-quasiparticle bands. Our approach is widely applicable to clarify the quasiparticle dynamics of quantum materials.
VERS UNE INTERPRÉTATION INTENTIONNELLE DU DISCOURS POLITIQUE D'OBAMA AU CAIRE DU LANGAGE À CARACTÈRE IDÉOLOGIQUE AU LANGAGE DE L'IDÉOLOGIE.pdf
Creators: name: Mohammad Mousa Mounir, Ayman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200306 French Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Cette communication vise à proposer une réponse à la question suivante : Quels sont les stratégies communicatives que véhiculent le discours politique d’Obama au Caire? À travers une interprétation intentionnelle, nous verrons comment le locuteur exploite le langage de l’idéologie selon une stratégie communicative fondée sur l’efficacité, que ce soit au niveau communicatif ou persuasif. Une telle stratégie nous conduira à nous intéresser à la dimension argumentative du discours, et plus précisément à la fonction expressive par laquelle Obama s'emploie à établir une bonne relation avec le monde musulman et à produire une image valorisante de lui-même et des Etats Unis. Cet article se propose de mettre en évidence les principales caractéristiques du langage à caractère idéologique qui alimentent le discours politique d’Obama au Caire.
PhotoNs-GPU:A GPU accelerated cosmological simulation code
Creators: name: Wang, Qiao
name: Meng, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a GPU-accelerated cosmological simulation code, PhotoNs-GPU, based on algorithm of Particle Mesh Fast Multipole Method (PM-FMM), and focus on the GPU utilization and optimization. A proper interpolated method for truncated gravity is introduced to speed up the special functions in kernels. We verify the GPU code in mixed precision and different levels of interpolated method on GPU. A run with single precision is roughly two times faster that double precision for current practical cosmological simulations. But it could induce a unbiased small noise in power spectrum. Comparing with the CPU version of PhotoNs and Gadget-2, the efficiency of new code is significantly improved. Activated all the optimizations on the memory access, kernel functions and concurrency management, the peak performance of our test runs achieves 48% of the theoretical speed and the average performance approaches to 35% on GPU.
description: Accepted for publication in RAA, 7 pages, 5 figures
The birth of a mentally retarded child : informing the parents
Creators: name: Mair, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of the study was to assess parental satisfaction with the professional help received at the time of the diagnosis of their mentally retarded child. Satisfaction was defined as the parents viewing the help received as appropriate and meeting their needs. Areas of concern were appropriate time of the informing interview, perception of the informant, expressions of caring and understanding; parents' satisfaction with the amount of information presented and the opportunity to express their feelings, and perceptions of adequacy of referrals for follow-up services. The level of research design was that of a descriptive study. The study attempted to answer the research question "How satisfied are parents of a retarded child with professional help received at the time of diagnosis?" A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was delivered to the parents which met the criteria for participation in the study by program workers. Data was obtained from 25 families. Results showed that frequently mother was first to be informed and usually in a hospital setting. Informing was almost always done by a single person. Parents were found to be in agreement that the diagnosis was presented in a sympathetic manner, and was presented with clarity using language which was quite understandable. Satisfaction rate was found to be lower on areas of concern around the parents involvement in the interview. These included an attempt to determine parents knowledge of the child's condition and areas concerned with the expression of feelings being experienced by the parents. Parents express an overall satisfaction rate of 46%. Lower percentages were also found in referrals to community resources. It was concluded that while the present study did obtain the measurement desired, the method would have been more productive if an interview schedule had been used rather than the semi-structured questionnaire. Much research focuses on parents' views of the informant. A possible direction for further study is parental expressions of emotions in this interview, and how informants can best respond to these feelings. Informing the parents of a diagnosis of mental retardation is but a beginning of a process for the family and professionals. There will, to some degree, be a need for ongoing support by the family and the handicapped child.
Unoccupied states of individual silver clusters and chains on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Sperl, A.
name: Kroeger, J.
name: Neel, N.
name: Jensen, H.
name: Berndt, R.
name: Franke, A.
name: Pehlke, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Size-selected silver clusters on Ag(111) were fabricated with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. Unoccupied electron resonances give rise to image contrast and spectral features which shift toward the Fermi level with increasing cluster size. Linear assemblies exhibit higher resonance energies than equally sized compact assemblies. Density functional theory calculations reproduce the observed energies and enable an assignment of the resonances to hybridized atomic 5s and 5p orbitals with silver substrate states.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Unruh's detector in the presence of Lorentz symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Rashidi, R.
name: Khosravi, N.
name: Khajeh, E.
name: Salehi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum field theory of a Lorentz non-invariant model with a massive nonlinear dispersion relation in Minkowski space. The model involves some non-causal signals in the form of wave packets propagating with super-luminal group velocities. To avoid the problems with causality we characterize the causal sector of the theory by a cutoff condition excluding all super-luminal group velocities. It is argued that in the causal theory satisfying the energy positivity condition an Unruh's detector moving with a constant velocity with respect to the preferred frame does not detect any particle. But in a causal theory violating energy positivity, detection of a field quanta occurs. We comment on the origin of this particle creation.
description: replace with published version
The effect of leg length inequality on joint contact forces of lower limbs during walking
Creators: name: Othman, Nurul Fazreena
name: Basaruddin, Khairul Salleh
name: Som, Mohd Hanafi Mat
name: Majid, Mohd Shukry Abdul
name: Sulaiman, Abdul Razak
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2019
Subjects: leg length inequality, leg length discrepancy, joint contact force, lower limb

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 01/2019; ISSN 1509-409X
A Quantum $0-\infty$ Law
Creators: name: Bauer, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give conditions under which a sequence of randomly chosen orthogonal subspaces of a separable Hilbert space generates the whole space.
description: Dedicated to Denis Bernard on his 60th birthday
The cooperative housing program : a program and policy evaluation
Creators: name: Johnston, James A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is a descriptive and evaluative study of the federal government's NHA Section 56.1 Cooperative Housing Program. The study describes the nature of the housing tenure which the Cooperative Program promotes and the subsidy with which the program delivers its assistance. In addition, the study evaluates the Cooperative Program in terms of process, impact, and efficiency and on the basis of the program's consistency with the objective of Canadian social housing policy. This evaluation is based on analyses of the data from a national survey of Section 56.1 cooperative households and project managers and from a small sample of Section 56.1 cooperative housing units located in the Vancouver area. The description of the cooperative housing tenure indicates that there are fundamental organizational and economic characteristics that distinguish non-profit cooperative housing from the traditional home ownership and rental tenures. The description of the program's subsidy mechanism indicates that the Cooperative Program implements both a demand-side and a supply-side form of subsidy and that the magnitude of these subsidies can differ significantly among cooperative households and projects in relation to a number of variables. The process and impact evaluations suggest that there are a number of fundamental problems in the design and implementation of the Cooperative Program. The efficiency evaluation suggests that the Cooperative Program must generate a very substantial dollar amount of external benefits in order to be justified on the basis of allocative efficiency and that the program is both vertically and horizontally inequitable. The overall conclusion of this study is that the Cooperative Program is an ineffective means of achieving the objective of Canadian social housing policy.
The twist subgroup of the mapping class group of a nonorientable surface
Creators: name: Stukow, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N05, 20F38, 57M99

description: Let T(N) be the subgroup of the mapping class group of a nonorientable surface N (possibly with punctures and/or boundary components) generated by twists about two-sided circles. We obtain a simple generating set for T(N). As an application we compute the first homology group (abelianization) of T(N).
The doping-driven evolution of the superconducting state of a doped Mott insulator: a key for the high temperature superconductivity
Creators: name: Civelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-temperature superconductors at zero doping can be considered strongly correlated two-dimensional Mott insulators. The understanding of the connection between the superconductor and the Mott insulator hits at the heart of the high-temperature superconducting mechanism. In this paper we investigate the zero-temperature doping-driven evolution of a superconductor towards the Mott insulator in a two dimensional electron model, relevant for high temperature superconductivity. To this purpose we use a cluster extension of dynamical mean field theory. Our results show that a standard (BCS) d-wave superconductor, realized at high doping, is driven into the Mott insulator via an intermediate state displaying non-standard physical properties. By restoring the translational invariance of the lattice, we give an interpretation of these findings in momentum space. In particular, we show that at a finite doping a strong momentum-space differentiation takes place: non-Fermi liquid and insulating-like (pseudogap) character rises in some regions (anti-nodes), while Fermi liquid quasiparticles survive in other regions (nodes) of momentum space. We describe the consequence of these happenings on the spectral properties, stressing in particular the behavior of the superconducting gap, which reveals two distinct nodal and antinodal energy scales as a function of doping. We propose a description of the evolution of the electronic structure while approaching the Mott transition and compare our results with tunneling experiments, photoemission and magnetotransport on cuprate materials.
description: 35 pages divided in 9 sections, 27 figures
Graph Neural Networks with Learnable Structural and Positional Representations
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Vijay Prakash
name: Luu, Anh Tuan
name: Laurent, Thomas
name: Bengio, Yoshua
name: Bresson, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become the standard learning architectures for graphs. GNNs have been applied to numerous domains ranging from quantum chemistry, recommender systems to knowledge graphs and natural language processing. A major issue with arbitrary graphs is the absence of canonical positional information of nodes, which decreases the representation power of GNNs to distinguish e.g. isomorphic nodes and other graph symmetries. An approach to tackle this issue is to introduce Positional Encoding (PE) of nodes, and inject it into the input layer, like in Transformers. Possible graph PE are Laplacian eigenvectors. In this work, we propose to decouple structural and positional representations to make easy for the network to learn these two essential properties. We introduce a novel generic architecture which we call LSPE (Learnable Structural and Positional Encodings). We investigate several sparse and fully-connected (Transformer-like) GNNs, and observe a performance increase for molecular datasets, from 1.79% up to 64.14% when considering learnable PE for both GNN classes.
description: Code at https://github.com/vijaydwivedi75/gnn-lspe
A Neural-Network-defined Gaussian Mixture Model for particle identification applied to the LHCb fixed-target programme
Creators: name: Graziani, Giacomo
name: Anderlini, Lucio
name: Mariani, Saverio
name: Franzoso, Edoardo
name: Pappalardo, Luciano Libero
name: di Nezza, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle identification in large high-energy physics experiments typically relies on classifiers obtained by combining many experimental observables. Predicting the probability density function (pdf) of such classifiers in the multivariate space covering the relevant experimental features is usually challenging. The detailed simulation of the detector response from first principles cannot provide the reliability needed for the most precise physics measurements. Data-driven modelling is usually preferred, though sometimes limited by the available data size and different coverage of the feature space by the control channels. In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to the modelling of particle identification classifiers using machine-learning techniques. The marginal pdf of the classifiers is described with a Gaussian Mixture Model, whose parameters are predicted by Multi Layer Perceptrons trained on calibration data. As a proof of principle, the method is applied to the data acquired by the LHCb experiment in its fixed-target configuration. The model is trained on a data sample of proton-neon collisions and applied to smaller data samples of proton-helium and proton-argon collisions collected at different centre-of-mass energies. The method is shown to perform better than a detailed simulation-based approach, to be fast and suitable to be applied to a large variety of use cases.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures, published in JINST
Towards a Holistic View of the Heating and Cooling of the Intracluster Medium
Creators: name: McCarthy, Ian G.
name: Babul, Arif
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Balogh, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) X-ray clusters are conventionally divided into two classes: "cool core" (CC) clusters and "non-cool core" (NCC) clusters. Yet relatively little attention has been given to the origins of this dichotomy and, in particular, to the energetics and thermal histories of the two classes. We develop a model for the entropy profiles of clusters starting from the configuration established by gravitational shock heating and radiative cooling. At large radii, gravitational heating accounts for the observed profiles and their scalings well. However, at small and intermediate radii, radiative cooling and gravitational heating cannot be combined to explain the observed profiles of either type of cluster. The inferred entropy profiles of NCC clusters require that material is preheated prior to cluster collapse in order to explain the absence of low entropy (cool) material in these systems. We show that a similar modification is also required in CC clusters in order to match their properties at intermediate radii. In CC clusters, this modification is unstable, and an additional process is required to prevent cooling below a temperature of a few keV. We show that this can be achieved by adding a self-consistent AGN feedback loop in which the lowest-entropy, most rapidly cooling material is heated so that it rises buoyantly to mix with material at larger radii. The resulting model does not require fine tuning and is in excellent agreement with a wide variety of observational data. Some of the other implications of this model are briefly discussed.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, MNRAS accepted. Discussion of cluster heating energetics extended, results unchanged
A chiral lagrangian with Broken Scale: testing the restoration of symmetries in astrophysics and in the laboratory
Creators: name: Bonanno, Luca
name: Drago, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study matter at high density and temperature using a chiral lagrangian in which the breaking of scale invariance is regulated by the value of a scalar field, called dilaton \cite{Heide:1993yz,Carter:1995zi,Carter:1996rf,Carter:1997fn}. We provide a phase diagram describing the restoration of chiral and scale symmetries. We show that chiral symmetry is restored at large temperatures, but at low temperatures it remains broken at all densities. We also show that scale invariance is more easily restored at low rather than large baryon densities. The masses of vector mesons scale with the value of the dilaton and their values initially slightly decrease with the density but then they increase again for densities larger than $\sim 3 ρ_0$. The pion mass increases continuously with the density and at $ρ_0$ and T=0 its value is $\sim$ 30 MeV larger than in the vacuum. We show that the model is compatible with the bounds stemming from astrophysics, as e.g. the one associated with the maximum mass of a neutron star. The most striking feature of the model is a very significant softening at large densities, which manifests also as a strong reduction of the adiabatic index. While the softening has probably no consequence for Supernova explosion via the direct mechanism, it could modify the signal in gravitational waves associated with the merging of two neutron stars.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures, published version
Rotating black holes and exotic compact objects in the Kerr/CFT correspondence within Rastall gravity
Creators: name: Sakti, Muhammad Fitrah Alfian Rangga
name: Suroso, Agus
name: Sulaksono, Anto
name: Zen, Freddy Permana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravitational effects on the near horizon may alter the black hole's horizon drastically to be partially reflective, portrayed by a quantum membrane. With this modification, the object can be considered as an exotic compact object (ECO). Quantum effects on the strong gravitational regime may also lead to a non-conserved matter tensor that can be described phenomenologically using Rastall gravity. In this work, we study the properties of black holes and ECOs within Rastall gravity using Kerr/CFT correspondence. We systematically investigate the properties of the most general rotating black hole solutions in Rastall gravity, i.e., Kerr-Newman-NUT-Kiselev, and reveal its hidden conformal symmetry. The Cardy microscopic entropy formula and absorption cross-sections from 2D CFT are computed and then matched with gravity calculation. We also extend the dual CFT analysis for studying the properties of ECOs. The existence of the quantum membrane leads to the appearance of the gravitational echoes that is manifested as an oscillatory feature on the absorption cross-section. We compute the absorption cross-section and quasi-normal modes in the dual CFT picture. We also compare the absorption cross-section of ECOs to that of black holes. We find that the Rastall coupling constant plays a significant role for both objects. We also obtain that the echo time delay depends explicitly on the Rastall coupling constant. This coupling constant may play a role to recover the correction on time delay that is believed as a non-linear physics effect. Henceforth, the signature of the Rastall gravity can be probed from the time-delay observation.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, published in Phys. Dark Universe
Quantifizierung der CO-Freisetzung bei Schwelprozessen von Holzfaserdämmstoffen in WDVS einschließlich Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit auf Holz basierender Pyrolysemodelle
Creators: name: Sudhoff, Patrick
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: DDC::600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik::668 Technik anderer organischer Produkte

description: In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit wird die Kohlenmonoxid-Freisetzung bei Schwelprozessen von Holzfaserdämmstoffen untersucht und anhand einer ausführlichen Versuchsdurchführung mittels des Cone-Kalorimeters quantifiziert. Grundlage der Untersuchung bilden aktuelle Forschungserkenntnisse, die auf eine starke Diffusion von Kohlenmonoxid (CO) durch verschiedene Baustoffe hinweisen. Anhand potenzieller Schadensszenarien erfolgt zunächst eine Analyse möglicher Ereignisse, die zu einem unentdeckten Schwelbrand innerhalb eines Wärmedämmverbundsystemes und somit zu einer Kohlenmonoxid-Emission führen können. Um das Schwelverhalten von Holzfaserdämmstoffen zu quantifizieren, wird anschließend ein Vergleich mit der Pyrolyse von Holz durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung der CO-Freisetzung werden zwei Holzfaserdämmstoffe in einer Versuchsserie bei unterschiedlichen Wärmestromdichten mit Kirschholz verglichen. Weiterhin erfolgt eine analytische Bestimmung der elementaren Bestandteile sowie simultanthermischer Analysen zur Ermittlung der Zersetzungsphasen. Innerhalb einer weiteren Versuchsserie wurde eine Kapselung entwickelt, die einen unterventilierten Brand innerhalb einer Fassade im Maßstab des Cone-Kalorimeter nachbilden soll. Für die Quantifizierung werden mehrere Verfahren verwendet, die neben einer empirischen Bestimmung der CO-Ausbeute auch stöchiometrische Bilanzierungen beinhalten. Zur Überprüfung weiterer toxische Leitkomponenten im Brandrauch wurde zusätzlich eine Kopplung eines Fourier-Transformations-Infrarot- Spektrometers mit dem Cone-Kalorimeter vorgenommen, bei der zwei weitere flammschutzmittelhaltige Holzfaserdämmstoffe betrachtet werden. Abschließend fließen die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in ein eigens modifiziertes, numerisches Modell ein, welches auf dem komplexen Pyrolysemodell von Fire Dynamics Simulator sowie den Eingangsparametern der simultan-thermischen Analysen basiert. Das vorgestellte Modell zur Simulation des Schwelverhaltens von Holzfaserdämmstoffen liefert durch die Nachbildung des Cone-Kalorimeters einen direkten Vergleich zu den durchgeführten Versuchen mit Holzfaserdämmstoffen. Erste Ergebnisse der Simulation lieferten hierbei eine gute Näherung und somit erste Indizien für eine Validierbarkeit des Modelles.
Thulium environment in a silica doped optical fibre
Creators: name: Blanc, Wilfried
name: Sebastian, Thomas Lee
name: Dussardier, Bernard
name: Michel, Claire
name: Faure, Basile
name: Ude, Michèle
name: Monnom, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thulium-doped optical fibre amplifiers (TDFA) are developed to extend the optical telecommunication wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) bandwidth in the so-called S-band (1460-1530 nm). The radiative transition at 1.47 lm (3H4 -> 3F4) competes with a non-radiative multi-phonon de-excitation (3H4 -> 3H5). The quantum efficiency of the transition of interest is then highly affected by the phonon energy (Ep) of the material. For reliability reasons, oxide glasses are preferred but suffer from high phonon energy. In the case of silica glass, Ep is around 1100 cm-1 and quantum efficiency is as low as 2%. To improve it, phonon energy in the thulium environment must be lowered. For that reason, aluminium is added and we explore three different core compositions: pure silica, and silica slightly modified with germanium or phosphorus. The role of aluminium is studied through fluorescence decay curves, fitted according to the continuous function decay analysis. From this analysis, modification of the thulium local environment due to aluminium is evidenced.
Influence of confinement on granular penetration by impact
Creators: name: Seguin, Antoine
name: Bertho, Yann
name: Gondret, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally the influence of confinement on the penetration depth of impacting spheres into a granular medium contained in a finite cylindrical vessel. The presence of close lateral walls reduces the penetration depth, and the characteristic distance for these lateral wall effects is found to be of the order of one sphere diameter. The influence of the bottom wall is found to have a much shorter range.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Spin gap and string order parameter in the ferromagnetic Spiral Staircase Heisenberg Ladder: a quantum Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Brünger, C.
name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Capponi, S.
name: Alet, F.
name: Aristov, D. N.
name: Kiselev, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spin-1/2 ladder with a ferromagnetic rung coupling J_\perp and inequivalent chains. This model is obtained by a twist (θ) deformation of the ladder and interpolates between the isotropic ladder (θ=0) and the SU(2) ferromagnetic Kondo necklace model (θ=π). We show that the ground state in the (θ,J_\perp) plane has a finite string order parameter characterising the Haldane phase. Twisting the chain introduces a new energy scale, which we interpret in terms of a Suhl-Nakamura interaction. As a consequence we observe a crossover in the scaling of the spin gap at weak coupling from Δ/J_\| \propto J_\perp/J_\| for θ< θ_c \simeq 8π/9 to Δ/J_\| \propto (J_\perp/J_\|)^2 for θ> θ_c. Those results are obtained on the basis of large scale Quantum Monte Carlo calculations.
description: 4 pages
Herleitung einer Definition für den Messwertgestützten Schwingfaktor Phi_obs unter Berücksichtigung von Messergebnissen an stählernen Eisenbahnbrücken sowie Diskussion des Begriffs "Schwingfaktor"
Creators: name: Altenhort, Tim
name: Dräger, Jasmin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Definition
subject: Messwertgestützter Schwingfaktor
subject: Eisenbahnbrücken
subject: DDC::6** Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::62* Ingenieurwissenschaften::625 Eisenbahn- und Straßenbau

description: Im Rahmen der Bestimmung der Restnutzungsdauer von Bestandsbrücken wird der messwertgestützte Schwingfaktor benötigt. Da die Ril 805 der Deutschen Bahn keine Definition für diesen vorgibt, befasst sich diese Masterarbeit mit der Herleitung einer Definition für den messwertgestützten Schwingfaktor. Dafür werden Messungen von Loküberfahrten zu Grunde gelegt. Im Zuge der Datenanalyse und -auswertung wird die ungünstige Benennung des Schwingfaktors diskutiert.
title: An examination of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Creators: name: Young, ESM
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Abstract Filamentous fungi are used throughout the biotechnology industry for the production of both native and recombinant proteins. There is a marked difference in the level of recombinant protein production compared to native, with yields decreasing from grams to milligrams per litre. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) has been identified as a potential bottleneck for recombinant protein production. In higher eukaryotes the ERSR has three known sensors, ire1, perk and atf6. Through these sensors, ER stress is attenuated by upregulation of ERSR target genes, global translational repression and degradation of transcripts targeted to the ER. Fungi have only one confirmed sensor of the higher eukaryotic ERSR, coordinated by the functional homologue of ire1 (ireA) which induces the ERSR through activation of the transcription factor HacA. In this study, I examine the ERSR of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans, a model organism for Aspergillus spp, to elucidate the fungal ERSR in an attempt to identify targets for increased recombinant protein production (RPP) yields. In this thesis I show that IreA is required for viability outwith its role in HacA activation as overexpression of the TF did not recover a ΔireA strain’s lethal phenotype. Also, that during ER stress, IreA is required for degradation of two transcripts encoding ER processed proteases as is observed in higher eukaryotes. I provide evidence for a second transcriptional pathway regulating gene expression during ER stress in A. nidulans. Further to this, polysome profiling has shown global translational repression during ER stress similar to that observed in higher eukaryotes. The findings of this research project are that the fungal ERSR is more conserved with that of higher eukaryotes than previously assumed, providing several new targets to potentially increase recombinant protein production (RPP).