cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Helicity form factors for $D_{(s)} \to A \ell ν$ process in the light-cone QCD sum rules approach
Creators: name: Momeni, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The helicity form factors of the $D_{(s)}\to A \ell^+ ν$ with $A=a_{1}^{-}, a_{1}^{0}, b_{1}^{-}, b_{1}^{0}, K_{1}(1270)$ and $K_{1}(1400)$ are calculated in the light-cone sum rules approach, up to twist-3 distribution amplitudes of the axial vector meson $A$. In the helicity form factors parametrization the unitarity constraints are applied to the fitting parameters. In addition, the effects of the low-lying resonances are included in series expansions of aforementioned form factors. The properties of the $D_{(s)}\to A \ell^+ ν$ semileptonic decays are studied by extending the form factors to the whole physical region of $q^2$. For a better analysis, a comparison is also made between our results and the predictions obtained using transition form factors via LCSR, 3PSR and CLFQM methods.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the effect of items’ format and type on psychometric properties of sixth year pharmacy students clinical clerkship assessment items
Creators: name: AlKhatib, Hatim S.
name: Brazeau, Gayle
name: Akour, Amal
name: Almuhaissen, Suha A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Mass-difference measurements on heavy nuclides with at an eV/c2 accuracy level with PENTATRAP
Creators: name: Rischka, A.
name: Cakir, H.
name: Door, M.
name: Filianin, P.
name: Harman, Z.
name: Huang, W. J.
name: Indelicato, P.
name: Keitel, C. H.
name: Koenig, C. M.
name: Kromer, K.
name: Mueller, M.
name: Novikov, Y. N.
name: Schuessler, R. X.
name: Schweiger, Ch.
name: Eliseev, S.
name: Blaum, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First ever measurements of the ratios of free cyclotron frequencies of heavy highly charged ions with Z>50 with relative uncertainties close to 1e-11 are presented. Such accurate measurements have become realistic due to the construction of the novel cryogenic multi-Penning-trap mass spectrometer PENTATRAP. Based on the measured frequency ratios, the mass differences of five pairs of stable xenon isotopes, ranging from 126Xe to 134Xe, have been determined. Moreover, the first direct measurement of an electron binding energy in a heavy highly charged ion, namely of the 37th atomic electron in xenon, with an uncertainty of a few eV is demonstrated. The obtained value agrees with the calculated one using two independent different implementations of the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. PENTATRAP opens the door to future measurements of electron binding energies in highly charged heavy ions for more stringent tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics in strong electromagnetic fields and for an investigation of the manifestation of Light Dark Matter in isotopic chains of certain chemical elements.
description: 2 figures, 1 table, 28 references
High magnetic field thermal-expansion and elastic properties of CeRhIn$_5$
Creators: name: Correa, V. F.
name: Okraku, W. E.
name: Betts, J. B.
name: Migliori, A.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Lacerda, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high magnetic field thermal-expansion and magnetostriction results on CeRhIn$_5$ single crystals. Several transitions, both first and second order, are observed when the field is applied perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis. The magnetic field dependence of the thermal-expansion coefficient above 15 K, where the magnetic correlations are negligible, can be explained supposing an almost pure $| \pm 5/2>$ ground state doublet, in apparent contradiction with neutron scattering experiments. Although the spin-lattice interaction is relevant in this compound, the effect of the magnetic correlations on the elastic properties is relatively weak, as revealed by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy experiments.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Massive Supersymmetric Quantum Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Grigore, Dan Radu
name: Gut, Markus
name: Scharf, Gunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the study of the supersymmetric vector multiplet in a purely quantum framework. We obtain some new results which make the connection with the standard literature. First we construct the one-dimensional physical Hilbert space taking into account the (quantum) gauge structure of the model. Then we impose the condition of positivity for the scalar product only on the physical Hilbert space. Finally we obtain a full supersymmetric coupling which is gauge invariant in the supersymmetric sense in the first order of perturbation theory. By integrating out the Grassmann variables we get an interacting Lagrangian for a massive Yang-Mills theory related to ordinary gauge theory; however the number of ghost fields is doubled so we do not obtain the same ghost couplings as in the standard model Lagrangian.
description: 13 pages, no figures
Thermal photons as a sensitive probe of $α$-cluster in C+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Pingal
name: Ma, Guo-Liang
name: Chatterjee, Rupa
name: Yan, Li
name: Zhang, Song
name: Ma, Yu-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different orientations of $α$-clustered carbon nuclei colliding with heavy ions can result in a large variation in the value of anisotropic flow. Thus, photon flow observables from clustered ${\rm^{12}C}$ and ${\rm^{197}Au}$ collisions could be a potential probe to study the `direct photon puzzle'. We calculate the transverse momentum spectra and anisotropic flow coefficients ($v_n$) of thermal photons from collisions of triangular $α$-clustered carbon and gold at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV at RHIC using a hydrodynamic model framework and compare the results with those obtained from unclustered carbon and gold collisions. The slope of the thermal photon spectra is found to vary moderately for different orientations of collisions. However, we find that the elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) coefficients of direct photons for specific configurations are significantly larger and predominantly formed by the QGP radiation. A strong anti-correlation between initial spatial ellipticity and triangularity is observed in an event-by-event framework of $α$-clustered ${\rm C+Au}$ collisions. These special features provide us an opportunity to detect the exotic nature of cluster structure inside carbon nucleus using the photon probe in the future experiments.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures; final published version
Equilibrium point control of a programmable mechanical compliant manipulator
Creators: name: Clapa, Damien
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents the design and experimental application of the Equilibrium Point Hypothesis as a controller model for a programmable mechanical compliant manipulator. A planar manipulator was designed and constructed with two joints, each powered by a pair of antagonistic McKibben actuators (air muscles). Programmable mechanical compliant manipulators provide increased intrinsic safety and the ability to implement a controller based on the EP Hypothesis becomes possible. The EP Hypothesis presents a model describing how human arm motions may be controlled. A previously developed geometrically derived force model for air muscles was modified leading to the formulation of a linearizing and decoupling compensator. This compensator, in - conjunction with a proportional, integral controller operating on air supplied to the muscles, provided stable control of the stiffness and EP of each joint of the manipulator. A benefit of this combined EP and stiffness control is that a single control strategy can be used both to control the manipulator position in free-space and to provide interaction control for contact tasks. A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the controller behaviour in free space, in transition from free space to contact, and in contact with the environment. The free space experiments were done mainly to characterize the controller behaviour. The transition task involves moving in free space to contacting a surface at different velocities and contact angles. The contact task is a wiping motion along a surface with a prescribed normal force. The effect on introducing an unexpected "bump" along the surface was examined, as were velocity effects. The stable behavior during transition from free-space to contact is a notable result. Because the manipulator follows an equilibrium-point trajectory with a programmed stiffness, no additional compensation is required when contacting objects in the workspace. Additionally the precise location of the object is not important as the mechanical compliance of the manipulator compensates for small contact position errors. The results of the surface wiping tasks showed that it is possible to generate a wiping EP and stiffness trajectory that results in the predicted normal force while wiping a surface. Additionally, the mechanical compliance of the manipulator allows for stable response to unpredicted disturbances such as the presence of a significant bump on the smooth surface.
ЧИСЛЕННАЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ВЛАГОПЕРЕНОСА В ГИДРОМОРФНЫХ СРЕДАХ
Creators: name: Ахмедов, З.
name: Шахобиддинов, А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Сув танқислиги шароитида тўпроқнинг намлик режими истиқболини белгилаш, қишлоқ хўжалиги экинларининг парвариши учун муҳум аҳамият касб этади. Шу сабабли мақолада келтирилган илмий-тадқиқот натижалари қишлоқ хўжалиги экинларини суғориш учун субирригация шароитининг назарий асосларини яратиш имконини беради.
How Do Health and Social Insurance Programs Affect the Land and Labor Allocations of Farm Households? Evidence from Taiwan
Creators: name: Chang, Hung-Hao
name: Meyerhoefer, Chad D.
name: Just, David R.
name: Chang, Hung-Hao
name: Meyerhoefer, Chad D.
name: Just, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: National Farmer's Health Insurance Program
subject: labor supply
subject: land retirement program
subject: Taiwan.

description: Using a unique dataset of 703,287 farm operators from the Taiwanese Census of Agriculture merged to administrative records from the National Farmers' Health Insurance (FHI) program, we examine the effects of the enrollment in the FHI program on farmers’ on- and off-farm labor supply and the amount of land they allocate to Taiwan’s land retirement program. In order to account for non-random self-selection into the FHI we use a matching procedure to estimate the impact of the program on land and labor allocations. Our results indicate that participation in the FHI increases (decrease) on (off) farm labor supply, and decreases the amount of land enrolled in the land retirement program. Our findings have implication for health care reforms that have been initiated in other countries, and the United States in particular.
Additional file 1 of Effect of reduced formal care availability on formal/informal care patterns and caregiver health: a quasi-experimental study using the Japanese long-term care insurance reform
Creators: name: Miyawaki, Atsushi
name: Kobayashi, Yasuki
name: Noguchi, Haruko
name: Watanabe, Taeko
name: Takahashi, Hideto
name: Tamiya, Nanako
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Method S1. (Settings detail). Table S1. Upper limits in long-term care insurance (LTCI) coverage for recipients at home by care level before and after the LTCI reform in 2006. Table S2. Effect of the long-term care insurance reform in 2006 on formal and informal care services use: an analysis using the expanded sample. Table S3. Effect of the long-term care insurance reform in 2006 on health outcomes: total sample: an analysis using the expanded sample. Table S4. Effect of the long-term care insurance reform in 2006 on formal and informal care services using samples stratified by gender and age. Table S5. Effect of the long-term care insurance reform in 2006 on health outcomes: stratified by gender and age.
Subleading contributions to the nuclear scalar isoscalar currents
Creators: name: Krebs, Hermann
name: Epelbaum, Evgeny
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our recent analyses of the nuclear vector, axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents and derive the leading one-loop corrections to the two-nucleon scalar current operator in the framework of chiral effective field theory using the method of unitary transformation. We also show that the scalar current operators at zero momentum transfer are directly related to the quark mass dependence of the nuclear forces.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
The simulation of ship maneuvering and course keeping with escort tug
Creators: name: Li, Ye
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ship maneuverability and its prediction in the early design stage become possible and important during the last 40 years as a result of some marine accidents involving large ships. Maneuverability standards were developed and proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) which provides the ship maneuvering performance criteria. Ship simulation technology in particular simulation of ship maneuvering advanced well in recent years with the advent of computers. Computer programs using either numerically computed or experimentally determined hydrodynamics coefficients allowed for maneuverability simulations of different vessel types. Relatively good agreement was reported by various researchers between simulated results and those obtained from real ship trials. It seems that simulation can now identify acceptable ship maneuvering performance in calm seas. However the effects of the wind and the currents are not that well studied and reported while they are always important factors for ship maneuvering especially in restricted waters. The numerical simulation presented in this thesis classifies "good" ships and "bad" ships according to the IMO's most current standards for ship maneuverability. Subsequently, their course keeping ability in restricted area are studied in calm seas, shallow water, and under wind and current conditions. The simulation and validation work are done on ESSO OSAKA 278,000DWT Tanker, a well tested ship for regular maneuvering test in past few years. Good agreement has been obtained between results of simulation and sea trial. Since a large portion of disasters happened around coastal areas in the past few years, this Tanker's performance around Vancouver coast is simulated. Moreover, it is studied for the entrance in the Vancouver Harbor under wind and current conditions. The range of current and wind speeds for "successful" operation is then established. The effect of escort tugs on such an operation is also quantified. This thesis shows that a performance improvement index can be assigned to an escort tug for a given assignment. A detailed analysis and comparison with available experimental results are provided.
One-loop electroweak factorizable corrections for the Higgsstrahlung at a linear collider
Creators: name: Jegerlehner, Fred
name: Kolodziej, Karol
name: Westwanski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present standard model predictions for a four fermion reaction e+ e- -> mu+ mu- bar_b b being one of the best detection channels of a low mass Higgs boson produced through the Higgsstrahlung mechanism at a linear collider. We include leading virtual and real QED corrections to all the lowest order Feynman diagrams of e+ e- -> mu+ mu- bar_b b and the complete O(alpha) electroweak corrections to the Z-Higgs production and to the Z and Higgs boson decay widths in the double pole approximation.
description: 16 pages
Generation of Multipeak Spectrum of Spin Torque Oscillator in Non-linear Regime
Creators: name: Iwakiri, Shuichi
name: Sugimoto, Satoshi
name: Niimi, Yasuhiro
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Kozuka, Yusuke
name: Takahashi, Yukiko K.
name: Kasai, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectral characteristics of spin torque oscillator (STO) excited by the spin Hall-induced spin current. We observe that the modest spin current injection triggers the conventional single peak oscillating behavior of STO. As the spin current is further increased to enter the non-linear regime, we find the transition of the spectrum from a single peak to multipeak structure whose frequency spacing is constant. This behavior can be primarily explained by the extremely broadened peak of the STO, which is accompanied by the frequency-dependent filtering by the transmission line. To explain the observation more quantitatively, we also discuss that the multipeak may reflect the characteristics of the intrinsic dynamics of STO in the non-linear regime.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Farm Income Variability and Off-Farm Diversification in Canadian Agriculture
Creators: name: Jette-Nantel, Simon
name: Freshwater, David
name: Beaulieu, Martin S.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Jette-Nantel, Simon
name: Freshwater, David
name: Beaulieu, Martin S.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: For a majority of farm families and operators in OECD countries, off-farm or non-farm occupations have become a significant source of income and a major determinant of their well being. This study investigates the use of off-farm employment as a risk management tool by farm operators. A two-part model is developed to estimate the impact of farm income risk on the decision to participate in the off-farm labour market and the level of off-farm employment income. Longitudinal farm level data for about 30,000 Canadian farms from 2001 to 2006 are used for this study. The variability of farm market revenue is found to positively affect the likelihood of off-farm work and the level of off-farm employment income, in particular for operators of larger commercial farms. The apparent ability of a significant number of operators of large farms to increase their resilience and coping capacity through off-farm employment income suggest the presence of substantial interactions between off-farm income and farm income stabilization policies. Consequently, the focus of agricultural policies on risk management and income stabilization reinforces the linkages between rural and agricultural policies. In particular, it appears that policies designed to facilitate access to off-farm work or to enhance off-farm opportunities, such as rural development programs, could contribute to achieve some objectives underlying agricultural income stabilization programs. These results reinforce the need for coherent rural and agricultural policies, and raises questions about the desirable balance between placed based rural policies and sector specific agricultural policies.
Willingness-to-Pay for Red Tide Prevention, Mitigation, and Control Strategies: A Case Study of Florida Coastal Residents
Creators: name: Lucas, Kristen M.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Adams, Charles M.
name: Lucas, Kristen M.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Adams, Charles M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: harmful algal blooms
subject: Florida
subject: dichotomous choice
subject: willingness to pay

description: Harmful algal blooms (HABS) are natural events with ecological and economic consequences worldwide. Different nations and regions have adapted to HABS in a variety of ways including distinct strategies designed to prevent, control and or mitigate the negative effects of HAB events. In Florida, Karenia brevis is the algae species that has accounted for nearly all of blooms. This algae species is unique in that the toxins produced during the bloom are a neurotoxin that can kill fish and marine mammals and become airborne and affect the respiratory system of humans. The fact that such blooms, referred to locally as “red tides” since a bloom can discolor the water a reddish-brown color, can affect humans is potentially disastrous to a state like Florida that is heavily dependent on coastal tourism. While a variety of strategies for addressing HABS have been implemented around the world, some strategies are likely to face severe opposition in a state that is heavily dependent on marine tourism. To determine the potential acceptance of alternative red tide strategies in Florida, a mail survey is being sent to 15,000 households in coastal counties. The questionnaire uses a dichotomous choice contingent valuation framework that will allow us to determine the willingness to pay for three strategies: a fertilizer tax to improve general water quality (prevention strategy that is uncertain for red tides), a trust fund donations for a beach conditions reporting service (mitigation strategy designed to change behavior), and a property tax to fund pilot control programs (biological or chemical). In addition, we will be able to explain residents’ overall choice of strategy and the factors that affect both. Results can be used to help summarize public opinion, inform policy makers, and evaluate specific programs intended to address the potentially harmful effects of red tide events in Florida.
Additional file 5 of Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data
Creators: name: Xiaodan Sun
name: Wenmin Yang
name: Tang, Sanyi
name: Mingwang Shen
name: Tianyang Wang
name: Qiuying Zhu
name: Zhiyong Shen
name: Shuai Tang
name: Huanhuan Chen
name: Yuhua Ruan
name: Yanni Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5 The comparison of new infections, undiagnosed infections, and diagnosis rates by three different groups of progression rates (estimated by method 2).
Managerial Organization of U.S. Farms: Importance for Classifying Farms and Evaluating the Distribution of Farm Payments
Creators: name: Keeney, Roman
name: Remble, Amber A.
name: Ogle, Tamara M.
name: Keeney, Roman
name: Remble, Amber A.
name: Ogle, Tamara M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Household
subject: Government Policy

description: A new typology of U.S. farms is constructed focusing on the managerial organization of farms. Single operator farms are distinguished from those with multiple operators which are divided into four classes: (single generation farms with 1) operators of the same sex, 2) operators of opposite sex, and multiple generation farms with 3) an elder primary operator, and 4) an younger primary operator). The utility of this classification scheme for understanding farm structure is analyzed and findings show that the managerial organization represents an important classification for understanding the distribution of farm payments.
The UV Galaxy Luminosity Function in the Local Universe from GALEX Data
Creators: name: Wyder, Ted K.
name: Treyer, Marie A.
name: Milliard, Bruno
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Arnouts, Stéphane
name: Budavári, Tamás
name: Barlow, Tom A.
name: Bianchi, Luciana
name: Byun, Yong-Ik
name: Donas, José
name: Forster, Karl
name: Friedman, Peter G.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Jelinsky, Patrick N.
name: Lee, Young-Wook
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Malina, Roger F.
name: Martin, D. Christopher
name: Morrissey, Patrick
name: Neff, Susan G.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Siegmund, Oswald H. W.
name: Small, Todd
name: Szalay, Alex S.
name: Welsh, Barry Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a determination of the galaxy luminosity function at ultraviolet wavelengths at redshifts of $z=0.0-0.1$ from GALEX data. We determined the luminosity function in the GALEX FUV and NUV bands from a sample of galaxies with UV magnitudes between 17 and 20 that are drawn from a total of 56.73 deg^2 of GALEX fields overlapping the b_j-selected 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The resulting luminosity functions are fainter than previous UV estimates and result in total UV luminosity densities of 10^(25.55+/-0.12) ergs s^-1 Hz^-1 Mpc^-3 and 10^(25.72+/-0.12) ergs s^-1 Hz^-1 Mpc^-3 at 1530 Ang. and 2310 Ang., respectively. This corresponds to a local star formation rate density in agreement with previous estimates made with H-alpha-selected data for reasonable assumptions about the UV extinction.
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http://www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
Influence of diffractive interactions on cosmic ray air showers
Creators: name: Luna, R.
name: Zepeda, A.
name: Canal, C. A. Garcia
name: Sciutto, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of commonly used hadronic collision simulation packages is presented. The characteristics of the products of hadron-nucleus collisions are analyzed from a general perspective, but focusing on their correlation with diffractive processes. One of the purposes of our work is to give quantitative estimations of the impact that different characteristics of the hadronic models have on air shower observables. Several sets of shower simulations using different settings for the parameters controlling the diffractive processes are used to analyze the correlations between diffractivity and shower observables. We find that the relative probability of diffractive processes during the shower development have a non negligible influence over the longitudinal profile as well as the distribution of muons at ground level. The implications on experimental data analysis are discussed.
Quantum Interferences in the Raman Cross Section for the Radial Breathing Mode in Metalic Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Bussi, G.
name: Menendez, J.
name: Ren, J.
name: Canonico, M.
name: Molinari, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lineshapes of the Raman excitation profiles for radial breathing modes in carbon nanotubes are shown to be strongly affected by interference effects that arise whenever strong optical transitions are separated by a small energy. This is the case in metallic zigzag and chiral tubes, where one-dimensional singularities in the electronic joint density of states are split due to the trigonal warping of the electronic band structure of two-dimensional graphene. It is shown that the proper modeling of these interferences is crucial for the identification of the (n,m) indices using Raman spectroscopy.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 3 of Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data
Creators: name: Xiaodan Sun
name: Wenmin Yang
name: Tang, Sanyi
name: Mingwang Shen
name: Tianyang Wang
name: Qiuying Zhu
name: Zhiyong Shen
name: Shuai Tang
name: Huanhuan Chen
name: Yuhua Ruan
name: Yanni Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3 Comparisons between real data and model predictions obtained by method 2.
Classification of diffraction patterns in single particle imaging experiments performed at X-ray free-electron lasers using a convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Ignatenko, Alexandr
name: Assalauova, Dameli
name: Bobkov, Sergey A.
name: Gelisio, Luca
name: Teslyuk, Anton B.
name: Ilyin, Viacheslav A.
name: Vartanyants, Ivan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single particle imaging (SPI) is a promising method for native structure determination which has undergone a fast progress with the development of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. Large amounts of data are collected during SPI experiments, driving the need for automated data analysis. The necessary data analysis pipeline has a number of steps including binary object classification (single versus multiple hits). Classification and object detection are areas where deep neural networks currently outperform other approaches. In this work, we use the fast object detector networks YOLOv2 and YOLOv3. By exploiting transfer learning, a moderate amount of data is sufficient for training of the neural network. We demonstrate here that a convolutional neural network (CNN) can be successfully used to classify data from SPI experiments. We compare the results of classification for the two different networks, with different depth and architecture, by applying them to the same SPI data with different data representation. The best results are obtained for YOLOv2 color images linear scale classification, which shows an accuracy of about 97% with the precision and recall of about 52% and 61%, respectively, which is in comparison to manual data classification.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Additional file 4 of Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data
Creators: name: Xiaodan Sun
name: Wenmin Yang
name: Tang, Sanyi
name: Mingwang Shen
name: Tianyang Wang
name: Qiuying Zhu
name: Zhiyong Shen
name: Shuai Tang
name: Huanhuan Chen
name: Yuhua Ruan
name: Yanni Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4 Yearly new infections, undiagnosed prevalence, and diagnosis probabilities from 1990 to 2017 (estimated by method 1).
Rapid Effective Trace-Back Capability Value in Reducing the Cost of a Foot and Mouth Disease Event
Creators: name: Hagerman, Amy D.
name: Looney, J. Chris
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Ward, Michael P.
name: Hagerman, Amy D.
name: Looney, J. Chris
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Ward, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Traceability
subject: Foot and Mouth Disease
subject: Economics

description: This study evaluates how the availability of animal tracing affects the cost of a hypothetical Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in the Texas High Plains using alternative tracing scenarios. To accomplish this objective, the AusSpread epidemic disease spread model (Ward et al., 2006) is used to simulate a High Plains FMD outbreak under different animal tracing possibilities. A simple economic costing module (Elbakidze, 2008) is used to determine the savings in terms of animal disease mitigation costs from rapid, effective trace-back. The savings from increased traceability are then be compared to the cost of a functional National Animal Identification System (NAIS). Initial results indicate that rapid, effective tracing reduces the overall cost of disease outbreaks and that the benefits per animal in terms of reduced cost of an outbreak more than outweigh the annualized cost per animal of implementing a NAIS. A value of time related to controlling an outbreak is estimated to have increased benefits from an identification system that incorporates a rapid response capability. We also find the level of benefits vary depending on the location of initial infection and whether or not welfare slaughter occurs.
Structure function tensor equations in inhomogeneous turbulence
Creators: name: Gatti, Davide
name: Chiarini, Alessandro
name: Cimarelli, Andrea
name: Quadrio, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact budget equations for the second-order structure function tensor $\langle δu_i δu_j \rangle$ are used to study the two-point statistics of velocity fluctuations in inhomogeneous turbulence. The Anisotropic Generalized Kolmogorov Equations (AGKE) describe the production, transport, redistribution and dissipation of every Reynolds stress component occurring simultaneously among different scales and in space, i.e. along directions of statistical inhomogeneity. The AGKE are effective to study the inter-component and multi-scale processes of turbulence. In contrast to more classic approaches, such as those based on the spectral decomposition of the velocity field, the AGKE provide a natural definition of scales in the inhomogeneous directions, and describe fluxes across such scales too. Compared to the Generalized Kolmogorov Equation, which is recovered as their half trace, the AGKE can describe inter-component energy transfers occurring via the pressure-strain term and contain also budget equations for the off-diagonal components of $\langle δu_i δu_j \rangle$. The non-trivial physical interpretation of the AGKE terms is demonstrated with three examples. First, the near-wall cycle of a turbulent channel flow at $Re_τ=200$ is considered. The off-diagonal component $\langle -δu δv \rangle$, which can not be interpreted in terms of scale energy, is discussed in detail. Wall-normal scales in the outer turbulence cycle are then discussed by applying the AGKE to channel flows at $Re_τ=500$ and $1000$. In a third example, the AGKE are computed for a separating and reattaching flow. The process of spanwise-vortex formation in the reverse boundary layer within the separation bubble is discussed for the first time.
Spatial fluctuations of a surviving particle in the trapping reaction
Creators: name: Anton, L.
name: Blythe, R. A.
name: Bray, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the trapping reaction, $A+B\to B$, where $A$ and $B$ particles have a diffusive dynamics characterized by diffusion constants $D_A$ and $D_B$. The interaction with $B$ particles can be formally incorporated in an effective dynamics for one $A$ particle as was recently shown by Bray {\it et al}. [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 67}, 060102 (2003)]. We use this method to compute, in space dimension $d=1$, the asymptotic behaviour of the spatial fluctuation, $^{1/2}$, for a surviving $A$ particle in the perturbative regime, $D_A/D_B\ll 1$, for the case of an initially uniform distribution of $B$ particles. We show that, for $t\gg 1$, $^{1/2} \propto t^ϕ$ with $ϕ=1/4$. By contrast, the fluctuations of paths constrained to return to their starting point at time $t$ grow with the larger exponent 1/3. Numerical tests are consistent with these predictions.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of Low food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT): a barrier to dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in school age children
Creators: name: Doustmohammadian, Azam
name: Omidvar, Nasrin
name: Keshavarz-Mohammadi, Nastaran
name: Eini-Zinab, Hassan
name: Amini, Maryam
name: Abdollahi, Morteza
name: Amirhamidi, Zeinab
name: Haidari, Homa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Adjusted Odd Ratios (95% CI) of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR%/NAR%) of certain nutrients for FNLIT scale and its subscales in 10–12 years students in Tehran (n = 493).
Fundamentals and US natural gas price dynamics
Creators: name: Qin, Xiaoyan
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Leatham, David J.
name: Wu, Ximing
name: Gan, Li
name: Qin, Xiaoyan
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Leatham, David J.
name: Wu, Ximing
name: Gan, Li
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: US natural gas price behaviors
subject: Markov-switching model
subject: GARCH

description: Investigation into the relations between market fundamentals and US natural gas prices is carried out in the regime-switching framework. To test the hypothesis that US natural gas market may switch between two states of market: bullish market and bearish market, a 2-state regime-switching model with Markov transition chain is carried out. GARCH effects are also built into the model to account for the conditional heteroskedasticity. Short-term forecasts based on the regime-switching model are also provided. Empirical results suggest that real world natural gas price behavior is far more complicated than that predicted by fundamental models. Volatility which cannot be explained by fundamentals plays an essential role in natural gas price behavior. The major contribution of this study lies in the effort to ease the deficiency of current fundamental-based models on commodity pricing due to high volatility by applying regime-switching models.
Energy Management Strategy for an Autonomous Electric Racecar using Optimal Control
Creators: name: Herrmann, Thomas
name: Christ, Fabian
name: Betz, Johannes
name: Lienkamp, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The automation of passenger vehicles is becoming more and more widespread, leading to full autonomy of cars within the next years. Furthermore, sustainable electric mobility is gaining in importance. As racecars have been a development platform for technology that has later also been transferred to passenger vehicles, a race format for autonomous electric racecars called Roborace has been created. As electric racecars only store a limited amount of energy, an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is needed to work out the time as well as the minimum energy trajectories for the track. At the same time, the technical limitations and component behavior in the electric powertrain must be taken into account when calculating the race trajectories. In this paper, we present a concept for a special type of EMS. This is based on the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) of generating a time-minimal global trajectory which is solved by the transcription via direct orthogonal collocation to a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLPP). We extend this minimum lap time problem by adding our ideas for a holistic EMS. This approach proves the fundamental feasibility of the stated ideas, e.g. varying racepaths and velocities due to energy limitations, covered by the EMS. Also, the presented concept forms the basis for future work on meta-models of the powertrain's components that can be fed into the OCP to increase the validity of the control output of the EMS.
description: Accepted at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference - ITSC 2019, Auckland, New Zealand 27 - 30 October
Growth Diagnostics and a Multisector Ramsey Model: The Case of Brazil
Creators: name: Vinyes, Cristina
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Vinyes, Cristina
name: Roe, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Economic growth
subject: Ramsey
subject: Growth diagnostics

description: Disenchantment with the Washington Consensus has led to an emphasis on growth diagnostics. In the case of Brazil, the literature suggests three main factors impeding growth: low domestic savings, a shortage of skilled workers, and lack of investment in the country’s transportation infrastructure. The unique contribution of this study is to show the inter-temporal implications of relaxing these constraints. We fit a multi-sector Ramsey model to Brazilian data, validate its fit to times data, and provide empirical insights into the economy’s structural transformation to long-run equilibrium. Then, the sensitivity of these results to relaxing each of these three constraints is investigated in a manner that yields the same long-run level of well- being. Analytical concepts adapted from static trade theory are used to provide a detailed explanation of how the economy responds in transition growth to the relaxation of these impediments. Addressing these factors clearly benefits the economy, but they do not launch the economy on a substantially higher growth path.
Anisotropic flow and jet quenching in ultra-relativistic U+U collisions
Creators: name: Heinz, Ulrich
name: Kuhlman, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full-overlap U+U collisions provide significantly larger initial energy densities at comparable spatial deformation, and significantly larger deformation and volume at comparable energy density, than semicentral Au+Au collisions. We show quantitatively that this provides a long lever arm for studying the hydrodynamic behavior of elliptic flow in much larger and denser collision systems and the predicted non-linear path-length dependence of radiative parton energy loss.
description: 4 pages, incl. 5 figures. First figure of v1 removed due to space limitations. Title changed by journal request. Minor other changes and a few references added or updated. This version accepted by Physical Review Letters
Real time multiple-grade cutting stock optimization using adaptive fuzzy and recursive algorithms
Creators: name: Ghodsi, Reza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the production of commodities there exist many instances of cutting processes whereby decisions have to be made on how the cuts can be performed optimally. In other words, the question arises that "in what sequence should cutting of a workpiece into smaller items be conducted so that the raw material used is minimized?" This is often synonymous to generating the "minimum waste". In its simplest form, this is referred to as the Classical One-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem or Classical 1D-CSP, for which very effective solutions for static off-line cases exist. The 1D-CSP is present in such industries as steel, apparel, paper, wood and food. A cut sequence is commonly referred to as a pattern. An investigation into 1D-CSP reveals that many patterns or combinations must be evaluated before an optimal solution is found. Further, the number of such combinations dramatically rises with the number of problem parameters and operational features, making the solution computationally extensive. For this reason, beyond the classical 1D-CSP and in particular when real time online applications are involved, developing practical optimization solutions is a major challenge. In a high volume wood product manufacturing plant encountered in this research, a major production phase involves online inspection of wood strips, for removing defects and quality grading, and subsequent chopping of the useful pieces to build up the inventory needed for the product on orders received. Specifically, the production line is to use wood as a defect-sensitive raw material, make decisions one strip at a time, deal with all non-identical pieces, use multiple grades of wood, cut strips to pieces, and at the same time satisfy objectives such as meeting customer due dates and generating least waste. This turns out to be is a complex case of dynamic 1D-CSP and a new solution approach needs to be instigated. In this work, in an attempt to develop an effective optimization tool, a mathematical formulation for an exact solution with multiple material grades is derived and it is demonstrated that even for small problems the computational times are prohibitive for online applications. Hence, an adaptive fuzzy algorithm is developed and tested which is able to produce results comparable to the exact solution for CSP. This fuzzy algorithm is then integrated with an innovative recursive pattern generation module into an optimization algorithm for real time problem. The combined optimization structure is examined with various objective functions, constraints and input data, and results are discussed. It is concluded that the developed optimization approach has an excellent performance and can adapt itself to extreme variations in raw material quality and most of all is applicable to real time decision-making.
Comparison of Factors Influencing Salaries of Agricultural Economics Professionals in Academic and Federal Employment
Creators: name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Newton, Doris J.
name: Pittman, Dianne
name: Danforth, Diana M.
name: Abdula, Arby
name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Newton, Doris J.
name: Pittman, Dianne
name: Danforth, Diana M.
name: Abdula, Arby
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Salary survey
subject: job performance

description: Results of two ordered probit models find differences in the major factors that influence salaries of agricultural economists employed in academia and in federal government. However some similarities were found; both sets of salaries were influenced by factors that measure job performance and neither set of salaries were significantly influenced by gender or ethnicity.