Phocides petroleum Siewert, Leviski, Mielke & Casagrande 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Siewert, Ricardo R.
name: Leviski, Gabriela L.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Phocides
Phocides petroleum

description: Phocides petroleum Siewert, Leviski, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov.
(Figs 1, 2, 5, 7)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DD2FB6E0-0DFD-4F43-9E81- CF8E58293844
Diagnosis. Phocides petroleum sp. nov. resembles P. charon (Figs 3, 4, 6) externally, but differing from the latter by the whitish blue patch from costa to the middle of discal cell on the underside of forewings, the whitish blue patch at basal area from costa to 2A on the underside of hind wings, the absence of yellow fringes on the tornus of hind wings, and the deepest serrated distal margin of uncus.
Description. Head: dark brown, frons covered by dark brown and whitish blue scales; antenna dark brown, nudum 37-38 (n=2); labial palpus dark brown, base of first segment mixed with dark brown and whitish blue scales ventrally, second segment with a distal circular whitish blue spot, third segment entirely dark brown, stout.
Thorax: dorsally and laterally dark brown with sparse whitish blue scales, ventrally dark brown; legs dark brown with whitish blue scales. Forewing, upper side: 26mm. Ground color iridescent dark cobalt blue; fringes white. Hind wing, upper side: similar as forewings. Forewing, underside: similar to upper side with a whitish blue patch at basal area from costa to 2A; anal margin with sparse whitish blue scales. Hind wing, underside: similar to upper side with a whitish blue patch from costa to the middle of discal cell; iridescent purple from CuA 2 to internal margin.
Abdomen: dorsally and laterally dark brown with sparse whitish blue scales, ventrally dark brown.
Male genitalia: tegumen rounded; distal margin with a pair of lateral apophysis with almost same size of uncus; ventral arm of tegumen fused to the dorsal arm of saccus. Anterior projection of saccus rounded, as long as uncus. Uncus shorter then tegumen, simple, slender, and thin distally. Gnathos absent. Valva three times as long as wide; distal margin deeply serrated. Aedeagus thick; coecum rounded; opening for ejaculatory bulb ovoid; third distal portion of aedeagus covered by small spines; distal opening of aedeagus dorsal; cornuti as numerous spines.
Female remains unknown.
Type Material. Holotype. ♂ from Caranavi, La Paz Departament, Bolivia, deposited at DZUP-OM with the following labels: /HOLOTYPUS/ VIII-1989 CARANAVI BOLÍVIA, 600-1000 m C. Tello leg./ OM 23.853 / HOLOTYPUS Phocides petroleum Siewert, Leviski, Mielke & Casagrande /. Paratype ♂. BOLIVIA: La Paz — Caranavi Area, 1100-2100 m, XII-2012 - I-2013, C. Tello leg., OM 61.335 * (DZUP-OM).
Etymology. This species is named after the beer Dum Petroleum. The Dum is an Brazilian brewery located in Curitiba, Paraná, funded in July 2010. The name is also in reference to the iridescent dark cobalt blue of wings, resembling the petroleum.
Distribution. Phocides petroleum sp. nov. is known only from its type locality.
description: Published as part of Siewert, Ricardo R., Leviski, Gabriela L., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Casagrande, Mirna M., 2018, A remarkable new species of Phocides (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Bolivia and taxonomic considerations on Phocides charon, pp. 1-5 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2018023) (e 2018023) 108 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2018023, http://zenodo.org/record/3693135