cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Von den SSG zu den FID – eine kritische Reflexion von Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Creators: name: Illig, Steffen
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2015

description: In der überregionalen Literaturversorgung vollzieht sich durch die Transformation der Sondersammelgebiete (SSG) in Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft (FID) ein vielschichtiger Wandel. So fordert die DFG in ihren Förderrichtlinien, dass sich die FID nicht nur konsequent an den Bedürfnissen der Wissenschaftler orientieren, sondern sich auch von den Grundaufgaben wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken abgrenzen und einen Mehrwert gegenüber bestehenden Services anbieten. Dies bedeutet in letzter Konsequenz auch die Abwendung vom Ideal einer größtmöglichen Vollständigkeit der Bestände hin zu einem selektiven Bestandaufbau entlang der e-only-policy der DFG, nach der die elektronische Version eines Werkes gegenüber der gedruckten Form bevorzugt werden soll. Die durch diese Paradigmenwechsel notwendig gewordene Neuorientierung stellt die antragstellenden Bibliotheken jedoch vor große Herausforderungen. Daher soll der vorliegende Beitrag die bisherigen Entwicklungen und Zielsetzungen in der Förderpolitik der DFG analysieren und helfen, die aktuellen Geschehnisse einzuordnen. Darauf aufbauend werden die wesentlichen FID-Richtlinien anhand eines Modells dargestellt und kritisch reflektiert. Abschließend wird eine Maßnahme aufgezeigt, die im Sinne einer Profilierung insbesondere die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz adressiert und eine Einbindung von Fachreferenten und Fachreferentinnen in die FID-Förderung skizziert.
description: Perspektive Bibliothek, Bd. 4, Nr. 1 (2015), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Nummer: 1, Jahr: 2012, Bände pro Jahr: 1
UAV Oblique Imagery with an Adaptive Micro-Terrain Model for Estimation of Leaf Area Index and Height of Maize Canopy from 3D Point Clouds
Creators: name: Li, Minhui
name: Shamshiri, Redmond R.
name: Schirrmann, Michael
name: Weltzien, Cornelia
name: Shafian, Sanaz
name: Laursen, Morten Stigaard
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::624 Ingenieurbau
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: leaf area index
subject: LAI
subject: 3D point cloud from photogrammetry
subject: UAV remote sensing
subject: crop phenotyping
subject: precision agriculture
subject: decision making in crop production

description: Leaf area index (LAI) and height are two critical measures of maize crops that are used in ecophysiological and morphological studies for growth evaluation, health assessment, and yield prediction. However, mapping spatial and temporal variability of LAI in fields using handheld tools and traditional techniques is a tedious and costly pointwise operation that provides information only within limited areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of mapping LAI and height of maize canopy from 3D point clouds generated from UAV oblique imagery with the adaptive micro-terrain model. The experiment was carried out in a field planted with three cultivars having different canopy shapes and four replicates covering a total area of 48 × 36 m. RGB images in nadir and oblique view were acquired from the maize field at six different time slots during the growing season. Images were processed by Agisoft Metashape to generate 3D point clouds using the structure from motion method and were later processed by MATLAB to obtain clean canopy structure, including height and density. The LAI was estimated by a multivariate linear regression model using crop canopy descriptors derived from the 3D point cloud, which account for height and leaf density distribution along the canopy height. A simulation analysis based on the Sine function effectively demonstrated the micro-terrain model from point clouds. For the ground truth data, a randomized block design with 24 sample areas was used to manually measure LAI, height, N-pen data, and yield during the growing season. It was found that canopy height data from the 3D point clouds has a relatively strong correlation (R2 = 0.89, 0.86, 0.78) with the manual measurement for three cultivars with CH90. The proposed methodology allows a cost-effective high-resolution mapping of in-field LAI index extraction through UAV 3D data to be used as an alternative to the conventional LAI assessments even in inaccessible regions.
Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Galactic Center. Hot Molecular Gas: Shocks versus Radiation near SgrA*
Creators: name: Goicoechea, Javier R.
name: Etxaluze, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Neufeld, D. A.
name: Contursi, A.
name: Bell, T. A.
name: De Luca, M.
name: Encrenaz, P.
name: Indriolo, N.
name: Lis, D. C.
name: Polehampton, E. T.
name: Sonnentrucker, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 52-671um spectral scan toward SgrA* taken with the PACS and SPIRE spectrometers onboard Herschel. The achieved angular resolution allows us to separate, for the first time at far-IR wavelengths, the emission toward the central cavity (gas in the inner central parsec of the galaxy) from that of the surrounding circum-nuclear disk. The spectrum toward SgrA* is dominated by strong [OIII], [OI], [CII], [NIII], [NII], and [CI] fine structure lines (in decreasing order of luminosity) arising in gas irradiated by UV-photons from the central stellar cluster. In addition, rotationally excited lines of 12CO (from J=4-3 to 24-23), 13CO, H2O, OH, H3O+, HCO+ and HCN, as well as ground-state absorption lines of OH+, H2O+, H3O+, CH+, H2O, OH, HF, CH and NH are detected. The excitation of the 12CO ladder is consistent with a hot isothermal component at Tk ~ 10^{3.1} K and n(H2)< 10^4 cm^{-3}. It is also consistent with a distribution of temperature components at higher density with most CO at Tk<300 K. The detected molecular features suggest that, at present, neither very enhanced X-ray, nor cosmic-ray fluxes play a dominant role in the heating of the hot molecular gas. The hot CO component (either the bulk of the CO column or just a small fraction depending on the above scenario) results from a combination of UV- and shock-driven heating. If irradiated dense clumps/clouds do not exist, shocks likely dominate the heating of the hot molecular gas. This is consistent with the high-velocity gas detected toward SgrA*.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
A Survey on Video Moment Localization
Creators: name: Liu, Meng
name: Nie, Liqiang
name: Wang, Yunxiao
name: Wang, Meng
name: Rui, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video moment localization, also known as video moment retrieval, aiming to search a target segment within a video described by a given natural language query. Beyond the task of temporal action localization whereby the target actions are pre-defined, video moment retrieval can query arbitrary complex activities. In this survey paper, we aim to present a comprehensive review of existing video moment localization techniques, including supervised, weakly supervised, and unsupervised ones. We also review the datasets available for video moment localization and group results of related work. In addition, we discuss promising future directions for this field, in particular large-scale datasets and interpretable video moment localization models.
Desynchronous Learning in a Physics-Driven Learning Network
Creators: name: Wycoff, Jacob F
name: Dillavou, Sam
name: Stern, Menachem
name: Liu, Andrea J
name: Durian, Douglas J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a neuron network, synapses update individually using local information, allowing for entirely decentralized learning. In contrast, elements in an artificial neural network (ANN) are typically updated simultaneously using a central processor. Here we investigate the feasibility and effect of desynchronous learning in a recently introduced decentralized, physics-driven learning network. We show that desynchronizing the learning process does not degrade performance for a variety of tasks in an idealized simulation. In experiment, desynchronization actually improves performance by allowing the system to better explore the discretized state space of solutions. We draw an analogy between desynchronization and mini-batching in stochastic gradient descent, and show that they have similar effects on the learning process. Desynchronizing the learning process establishes physics-driven learning networks as truly fully distributed learning machines, promoting better performance and scalability in deployment.
description: 6 pages 4 figures
Multi-Wavelength Study of a Complete IRAC 3.6micron-Selected Galaxy Sample: a Fair Census of Red and Blue Populations at Redshifts 0.4-1
Creators: name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Willmer, C. N. A.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Koo, D.
name: Newman, J.
name: Shu, C.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Barmby, P.
name: Coil, A.
name: Luo, Z.
name: Magdis, G.
name: Wang, T.
name: Weiner, B.
name: Willner, S. P.
name: Zheng, X. Z.
name: Fazio, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-wavelength study of a 3.6 $μ$m-selected galaxy sample in the Extended Groth strip. The sample is complete for galaxies with stellar mass $>10^{9.5}$ \Msun and redshift $0.4}3σ$ errors) is about 3.5%. A new method of validation based on pair statistics confirms the estimate of standard deviation even for galaxies lacking spectroscopic redshifts. Basic galaxy properties measured include rest-frame $U-B$ colors, $B$- and $K$-band absolute magnitudes, and stellar masses. We divide the sample into quiescent and star-forming galaxies according to their rest-frame $U-B$ colors and 24 to 3.6 \micron\ flux density ratios and derive rest $K$-band luminosity functions and stellar mass functions for quiescent, star forming, and all galaxies. The results show that massive, quiescent galaxies were in place by $z\approx1$, but lower mass galaxies generally ceased their star formation at later epochs.
description: 64 pages, 24 figures
The Specific Acceleration Rate in Loop-structured Solar Flares -- Implications for Electron Acceleration Models
Creators: name: Guo, Jingnan
name: Emslie, A. Gordon
name: Piana, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze electron flux maps based on RHESSI hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy data for a number of extended coronal loop flare events. For each event, we determine the variation of the characteristic loop length $L$ with electron energy $E$, and we fit this observed behavior with models that incorporate an extended acceleration region and an exterior "propagation" region, and which may include collisional modification of the accelerated electron spectrum inside the acceleration region. The models are characterized by two parameters: the plasma density $n$ in, and the longitudinal extent $L_0$ of, the acceleration region. Determination of the best-fit values of these parameters permits inference of the volume that encompasses the acceleration region and of the total number of particles within it. It is then straightforward to compute values for the emission filling factor and for the {\it specific acceleration rate} (electrons s$^{-1}$ per ambient electron above a chosen reference energy). For the 24 events studied, the range of inferred filling factors is consistent with a value of unity. The inferred mean value of the specific acceleration rate above $E_0=20$ keV is $\sim10^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, with a 1$σ$ spread of about a half-order-of-magnitude above and below this value. We compare these values with the predictions of several models, including acceleration by large-scale, weak (sub-Dreicer) fields, by strong (super-Dreicer) electric fields in a reconnecting current sheet, and by stochastic acceleration processes.
Accuracy criterion for mean field approximations of Markov processes on hypergraphs
Creators: name: Horvath, Illes
name: Keliger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J28

description: We provide error bounds for the N-intertwined mean-field approximation (NIMFA) for local density-dependent Markov population processes with a well-distributed underlying network structure showing NIMFA being accurate when a typical vertex has many neighbors. The result justifies some of the most common approximations used in epidemiology, statistical physics and opinion dynamics literature under certain conditions. We allow interactions between more than 2 individuals, and an underlying hypergraph structure accordingly.
Discrimination through Image Selection by Job Advertisers on Facebook
Creators: name: Rao, Varun Nagaraj
name: Korolova, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Targeted advertising platforms are widely used by job advertisers to reach potential employees; thus issues of discrimination due to targeting that have surfaced have received widespread attention. Advertisers could misuse targeting tools to exclude people based on gender, race, location and other protected attributes from seeing their job ads. In response to legal actions, Facebook disabled the ability for explicit targeting based on many attributes for some ad categories, including employment. Although this is a step in the right direction, prior work has shown that discrimination can take place not just due to the explicit targeting tools of the platforms, but also due to the impact of the biased ad delivery algorithm. Thus, one must look at the potential for discrimination more broadly, and not merely through the lens of the explicit targeting tools. In this work, we propose and investigate the prevalence of a new means for discrimination in job advertising, that combines both targeting and delivery -- through the disproportionate representation or exclusion of people of certain demographics in job ad images. We use the Facebook Ad Library to demonstrate the prevalence of this practice through: (1) evidence of advertisers running many campaigns using ad images of people of only one perceived gender, (2) systematic analysis for gender representation in all current ad campaigns for truck drivers and nurses, (3) longitudinal analysis of ad campaign image use by gender and race for select advertisers. After establishing that the discrimination resulting from a selective choice of people in job ad images, combined with algorithmic amplification of skews by the ad delivery algorithm, is of immediate concern, we discuss approaches and challenges for addressing it.
description: Published in FAccT 2023
LINC02725-201 mediated the transition of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to androgen-independent cell line LNCaP-AI by up-regulating ETS1
Creators: name: Zhao, Yiwei
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Lin, Yani
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cell development, proliferation and death

description: Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer (PCa). Here we report the potential fuction and underlying mechanism of the novel lncRNA LINC02725-201 in the development of androgen independence in PCa. Using LNCaP and its derivative cell line LNCaP-AI as a paired model to study the molecular mechanism of PCa transition from androgen dependence to independence, we found that LINC02725-201 was significantly increased in LNCaP-AI cells. Overexpression of LINC02725-201 enhanced the ability of cell proliferation and migration, but the interference results in the opposite. In addition, LINC02725-201 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. More importantly, we demonstrated that LINC02725-201 could significantly up-regulate the expression of ETS1 and its target genes. Our studies revealed that LINC02725-201 may upregulate the expression of ETS1 at the post-transcriptional level, thereby be implicated in LNCaP cell transition into LNCaP-AI cells.
Machine Learning in Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
Creators: name: Li, Jichao
name: Du, Xiaosong
name: Martins, Joaquim R. R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly used to aid aerodynamic shape optimization (ASO), thanks to the availability of aerodynamic data and continued developments in deep learning. We review the applications of ML in ASO to date and provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art and future directions. We first introduce conventional ASO and current challenges. Next, we introduce ML fundamentals and detail ML algorithms that have been successful in ASO. Then, we review ML applications to ASO addressing three aspects: compact geometric design space, fast aerodynamic analysis, and efficient optimization architecture. In addition to providing a comprehensive summary of the research, we comment on the practicality and effectiveness of the developed methods. We show how cutting-edge ML approaches can benefit ASO and address challenging demands, such as interactive design optimization. Practical large-scale design optimizations remain a challenge because of the high cost of ML training. Further research on coupling ML model construction with prior experience and knowledge, such as physics-informed ML, is recommended to solve large-scale ASO problems.
description: 103 pages, 47 figures, published by Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Channel Charting Aided Pilot Reuse for Massive MIMO Systems with Spatially Correlated Channels
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Lucas
name: Leinonen, Markus
name: Al-Tous, Hanan
name: Tirkkonen, Olav
name: Juntti, Markku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) technology is a way to increase the spectral efficiency of machine-type communications (MTC). To exploit the benefits from large antenna arrays, accurate channel estimation through pilot signals is needed. Massive MTC systems cannot avoid pilot reuse due to the enormous numbers of connected devices. We propose a pilot reuse algorithm based on channel charting (CC) to mitigate pilot contamination in a multi-sector single-cell massive MTC system having spatially correlated channels. We show that after creating an interference map via CC, a simple strategy to allocate the pilot sequences can be implemented. The simulation results show that the CC-based pilot reuse strategy improves channel estimation accuracy, which subsequently improves the symbol detection performance and increases the spectral efficiency compared to other existing schemes. Moreover, the performance of the CC pilot assignment method approaches that of exhaustive search pilot assignment for small network setups.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, journal
Chiral sum rule on the light front and the 3D image of the pion
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Maris, Pieter
name: Vary, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lightest meson, the pion, features two faces -- one is the elementary Goldstone boson of QCD and the other is the structured bound state of quarks and gluons. To accommodate both in a single light-front wave function in the valence space, we obtain a sum rule by analyzing the conserved axial-vector current and the general structures of the wave functions. Using an analytic model motivated by holography, we show this sum rule is consistent with requirements of chiral symmetry breaking in AdS/QCD. Within this model, we find a remarkable feature of the pion, namely that the density is mostly uniform inside its radius; furthermore, we obtain good agreement with the experimental pion form factor at spacelike momenta.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. Added the pion electromagnetic form factor results to matched the published version
Experimental investigation of a quantum heat engine powered by generalized measurements
Creators: name: Lisboa, V. F.
name: Dieguez, P. R.
name: Guimarães, J. R.
name: Santos, J. F. G.
name: Serra, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized measurements may allow the control of its back-action on the quantum system by interpolating from a very weak to strong projective action. Such a measurement can fuel a quantum heat engine or extract work depending on the system-meter interaction. Here, we performed a proof-of-concept experiment using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to investigate a spin quantum heat engine driven by non-selective generalized (weak) measurements without feedback control. Our prototype of a quantum thermal device operates with a measurement protocol and a single heat bath. The protocol is composed of two non-selective measurement channels with variable measurement strengths, one dedicated to fueling the device (analogous to a hot heat source) and the other committed to work extraction. The experimental results highlight that this kind of quantum thermal device can reach unit efficiency with maximum extracted power by fine-tuning of the measurement strengths.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, typos removed, closer to the published version
HERMES impact for the access of Compton form factors
Creators: name: Kumericki, Kresimir
name: Mueller, Dieter
name: Murray, Morgan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize the DVCS asymmetry measurements of the HERMES collaboration for access to Compton form factors in the deeply virtual regime and to generalized parton distributions. In particular, the (almost) complete measurement of DVCS observables allows us to map various asymmetries into the space of Compton form factors, where we still rely in this analysis on dominance of twist-two associated Compton form factors. We compare this one-to-one map with local Compton form factor fits and a model dependent global fit.
description: 54 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Self-trapping threshold in disordered nonlinear photonic lattices
Creators: name: Naether, U.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Lahini, Y.
name: Nolte, S.
name: Vicencio, R. A.
name: Molina, M. I.
name: Szameit, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically and experimentally the influence of coupling disorder on the self-trapping dynamics in nonlinear one-dimensional optical waveguide arrays. The existence of a lower and upper bound of the effective average propagation constant allows for a generalized definition of the threshold power for the onset of soliton localization. When compared to perfectly ordered systems, this threshold is found to decrease in the presence of coupling disorder.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Optic Letters
Analysing the time period of Vela pulsar
Creators: name: Goswami, Shreyan
name: Gadaria, Hershini
name: Das, Sreejita
name: Goutham, Midhun
name: Pathak, Kamlesh N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this project, we have implemented our basic understanding of Pulsar Astronomy to calculate the Time Period of Vela Pulsar. Our choice of pulsar rests on the fact that it is the brightest object in the high-energy gamma-ray sky. The simplistic data set consisting of only voltage signals makes our preliminary attempt as closely accurate as possible. The observations had been made at 326.5 MHz through a cylindrically paraboloid telescope at Ooty. A higher frequency creates a much lower delay in the arrival time of pulses and makes our calculations even more accurate. Being an already widely studied celestial body, it gives us the opportunity to compare our findings and make necessary modifications.
The predictability of consumer visitation patterns
Creators: name: Krumme, Coco
name: Llorente, Alejandro
name: Cebrián, Manuel
name: Alex
name: Pentland
name: Moro, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider hundreds of thousands of individual economic transactions to ask: how predictable are consumers in their merchant visitation patterns? Our results suggest that, in the long-run, much of our seemingly elective activity is actually highly predictable. Notwithstanding a wide range of individual preferences, shoppers share regularities in how they visit merchant locations over time. Yet while aggregate behavior is largely predictable, the interleaving of shopping events introduces important stochastic elements at short time scales. These short- and long-scale patterns suggest a theoretical upper bound on predictability, and describe the accuracy of a Markov model in predicting a person's next location. We incorporate population-level transition probabilities in the predictive models, and find that in many cases these improve accuracy. While our results point to the elusiveness of precise predictions about where a person will go next, they suggest the existence, at large time-scales, of regularities across the population.
Information paradox and island in quasi-de Sitter space
Creators: name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas a static observer in de Sitter (dS) space detects thermal radiation emitted by the horizon, the dS isometries impose that the radiation is in equilibrium with the background. This implies that for the static observer to find the information paradox, the background must be deformed to quasi-dS space in which the dS isometries are spontaneously broken. We study the condition that the information paradox arises in quasi-dS space with the monotonically increasing horizon size which is used to describe the inflationary cosmology. For this purpose, the dimensional reduction of three-dimensional dS space with thermal radiation modelled by the JT gravity coupled to CFT is considered. We argue that when the central charge monotonically increases in time, the information paradox arises but the conditions for the existence of the island become more restrictive. As the central charge can be interpreted as the number of degrees of freedom, the absence of the island in quasi-dS space supports the entropy argument for the dS swampland conjecture.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Effective Mass of $α$-Cluster in $^{12}$C Nucleus
Creators: name: Filikhin, Igor
name: Karoui, Abdennaceur
name: Vlahovic, Branislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the effective-mass concept, we perform the Faddeev calculations for a low-lying spectrum of 3$α$ states in $^{12}$C nucleus. A three-body potential is used to describe the known breaking of the 3$α$-cluster structure in the nucleus. We show that the contribution of the three-body potential to the Hamiltonian can be compensated by increasing/decreasing the $α$-particle free mass. The effective-mass values are adjusted so that to reproduce the experimental data for the $^{12}$C nucleus. The energy dependence of the effective mass and the correlation to a three-body potential are discussed. We show that the coupling between the $0^+$ ($2^+$) levels forms a specific picture of anti-crossing on the energy/effective-mass plane.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Black Holes are neither Particle Accelerators nor Dark Matter Probes
Creators: name: McWilliams, Sean T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that maximally spinning black holes can serve as particle accelerators, reaching arbitrarily high center-of-mass energies. Despite several objections regarding the practical achievability of such high energies, and demonstrations past and present that such large energies could never reach a distant observer, interest in this problem has remained substantial. We show that, unfortunately, a maximally spinning black hole can never serve as a probe of high energy collisions, even in principle and despite the correctness of the original diverging energy calculation. Black holes can indeed facilitate dark matter annihilation, but the most energetic photons can carry little more than the rest energy of the dark matter particles to a distant observer, and those photons are actually generated relatively far from the black hole where relativistic effects are negligible. Therefore, any strong gravitational potential could probe dark matter equally well, and an appeal to black holes for facilitating such collisions is unnecessary.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Multi-Scan Multi-Sensor Multi-Object State Estimation
Creators: name: Moratuwage, D.
name: Vo, B. -N.
name: Vo, B. -T.
name: Shim, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: If computational tractability were not an issue, multi-object estimation should integrate all measurements from multiple sensors across multiple scans. In this article, we propose an efficient numerical solution to the multi-scan multi-sensor multi-object estimation problem by computing the (labeled) multi-sensor multi-object posterior density. Minimizing the $L_{1}$-norm error from the exact posterior density requires solving large-scale multi-dimensional assignment problems that are NP-hard. An efficient multi-dimensional assignment algorithm is developed based on Gibbs sampling, together with convergence analysis. The resulting multi-scan multi-sensor multi-object estimation algorithm can be applied either offline in one batch or recursively. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated using numerical experiments with a simulated dataset.
Anomalous Transport in Sketched Nanostructures at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
Creators: name: Cheng, Guanglei
name: Veazey, Joshua P.
name: Irvin, Patrick
name: Cen1, Cheng
name: Bogorin1, Daniela F.
name: Bi, Feng
name: Huang, Mengchen
name: Lu, Shicheng
name: Bark, Chung-Wung
name: Ryu, Sangwoo
name: Cho, Kwang-Hwan
name: Eom, Chang-Beom
name: Levy, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oxide heterostructure LaAlO3/SrTiO3 supports a two-dimensional electron liquid with a variety of competing phases including magnetism, superconductivity and weak antilocalization due to Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Further confinement of this 2D electron liquid to the quasi-one-dimensional regime can provide insight into the underlying physics of this system and reveal new behavior. Here we describe magnetotransport experiments on narrow LaAlO3/SrTiO3 structures created by a conductive atomic force microscope lithography technique. Four-terminal local transport measurements on ~10-nm-wide Hall bar structures yield longitudinal resistances that are comparable to the resistance quantum h/e2 and independent of the channel length. Large nonlocal resistances (as large as 10^4 ohms) are observed in some but not all structures with separations between current and voltage that are large compared to the 2D mean-free path. The nonlocal transport is strongly suppressed by the onset of superconductivity below ~200 mK. The origin of these anomalous transport signatures is not understood, but may arise from coherent transport defined by strong spin-orbit coupling and/or magnetic interactions.
On a topological simple Warne extension of a semigroup
Creators: name: Fihel, Iryna
name: Gutik, Oleg
name: Pavlyk, Kateryna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A15, 54H15

description: In the paper we introduce topological $\mathbb{Z}$-Bruck-Reilly and topological $\mathbb{Z}$-Bruck extensions of (semi)topological monoids which are generalizations of topological Bruck-Reilly and topological Bruck extensions of (semi)topological monoids and study their topologizations. The sufficient conditions under which the topological $\mathbb{Z}$-Bruck-Reilly ($\mathbb{Z}$-Bruck) extension admits only the direct sum topology and conditions under which the direct sum topology can be coarsened are given. Also, topological characterizations of some classes of $I$-bisimple (semi)topological semigroups are given.
Atomically precise incorporation of BN doped rubicene into graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Pawlak, Remy
name: Anindya, Khalid N.
name: Shimizu, Toshiki
name: Liu, Jung-Ching
name: Sakamaki, Takumi
name: Shang, Rui
name: Rochefort, Alain
name: Nakamura, Eiichi
name: Meyer, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Substituting heteroatoms and non-benzenoid carbons into nanographene structure offers an unique opportunity for atomic engineering of electronic properties. Here we show the bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with embedded fused BN-doped rubicene components on a Au(111) surface using on-surface chemistry. Structural and electronic properties of the BN-GNRs are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO-terminated tips supported by numerical calculations. The periodic incorporation of BN heteroatoms in the GNR leads to an increase of the electronic band gap as compared to its undoped counterpart. This opens avenues for the rational design of semiconducting GNRs with optoelectronic properties.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
The Simons Observatory: Characterizing the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver with Radio Holography
Creators: name: Chesmore, Grace E.
name: Harrington, Kathleen
name: Sierra, Carlos E.
name: Gallardo, Patricio A.
name: Sutariya, Shreya
name: Alford, Tommy
name: Adler, Alexandre E.
name: Bhandarkar, Tanay
name: Coppi, Gabriele
name: Dachlythra, Nadia
name: Golec, Joseph
name: Gudmundsson, Jon
name: Haridas, Saianeesh K.
name: Johnson, Bradley R.
name: Kofman, Anna M.
name: Iuliano, Jeffrey
name: McMahon, Jeff
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Orlowski-Scherer, John
name: Sarmiento, Karen Perez
name: Puddu, Roberto
name: Silva-Feaver, Max
name: Simon, Sara M.
name: Robe, Julia
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Xu, Zhilei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-field radio holography measurements of the Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope Receiver optics. These measurements demonstrate that radio holography of complex millimeter-wave optical systems comprising cryogenic lenses, filters, and feed horns can provide detailed characterization of wave propagation before deployment. We used the measured amplitude and phase, at 4K, of the receiver near-field beam pattern to predict two key performance parameters: 1) the amount of scattered light that will spill past the telescope to 300K and 2) the beam pattern expected from the receiver when fielded on the telescope. These cryogenic measurements informed the removal of a filter, which led to improved optical efficiency and reduced side-lobes at the exit of the receiver. Holography measurements of this system suggest that the spilled power past the telescope mirrors will be less than 1\% and the main beam with its near side-lobes are consistent with the nominal telescope design. This is the first time such parameters have been confirmed in the lab prior to deployment of a new receiver. This approach is broadly applicable to millimeter and sub-millimeter instruments.
RKKY interaction in heavily vacant graphene
Creators: name: Habibi, Alireza
name: Jafari, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac electrons in clean graphene can mediate the interactions between two localized magnetic moments. The functional form of the RKKY interaction in pristine graphene is specified by two main features: (i) an atomic scale oscillatory part determined by a wave vector $\vec Q$ connecting the two valleys. Furthermore with doping another longer range oscillation appears which arise from the existence of an extended Fermi surface characterized by a single momentum scale $k_F$. (ii) $R^α$ decay in large distances where the exponent $α=-3$ is a distinct feature of undoped Dirac sea (with a linear dispersion relation) in two dimensions. In this work, we investigate the effect of a few percent vacancies on the above properties. Depending on the doping level, if the chemical potential lies on the linear part of the density of states, the exponent $α$ remains close to -3. Otherwise $α$ reduces towards more negative values which means that the combined effect of vacancies and the randomness in their positions makes it harder for the carriers of the medium to mediate the magnetic interaction. Addition of a few percent of vacancies diminishes the atomic scale oscillations of the RKKY interaction signaling the destruction of two-valley structure of the parent graphene material. Surprisingly by allowing the chemical potential to vary, we find that the longer-range oscillations expected to arise from the existence of a $k_F$ scale in the vacant graphene are absent. This may indicate possible non-Fermi liquid behavior by "alloying" graphene with vacancies. The complete absence of oscillations in heavily vacant graphene can be considered an advantage for applications as a uniform sign of the exchange interaction is desirable for magnetic ordering.
Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint for Visual Entailment with Natural Language Explanations
Creators: name: Yang, Qian
name: Li, Yunxin
name: Hu, Baotian
name: Ma, Lin
name: Ding, Yuxing
name: Zhang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual Entailment with natural language explanations aims to infer the relationship between a text-image pair and generate a sentence to explain the decision-making process. Previous methods rely mainly on a pre-trained vision-language model to perform the relation inference and a language model to generate the corresponding explanation. However, the pre-trained vision-language models mainly build token-level alignment between text and image yet ignore the high-level semantic alignment between the phrases (chunks) and visual contents, which is critical for vision-language reasoning. Moreover, the explanation generator based only on the encoded joint representation does not explicitly consider the critical decision-making points of relation inference. Thus the generated explanations are less faithful to visual-language reasoning. To mitigate these problems, we propose a unified Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint based method, dubbed as CALeC. It contains a Chunk-aware Semantic Interactor (arr. CSI), a relation inferrer, and a Lexical Constraint-aware Generator (arr. LeCG). Specifically, CSI exploits the sentence structure inherent in language and various image regions to build chunk-aware semantic alignment. Relation inferrer uses an attention-based reasoning network to incorporate the token-level and chunk-level vision-language representations. LeCG utilizes lexical constraints to expressly incorporate the words or chunks focused by the relation inferrer into explanation generation, improving the faithfulness and informativeness of the explanations. We conduct extensive experiments on three datasets, and experimental results indicate that CALeC significantly outperforms other competitor models on inference accuracy and quality of generated explanations.
description: 11 pages (including Supplementary Materials); Accepted to ACM MM 2022
Topology of Almost Complex Structures on Six-Manifolds
Creators: name: Granja, Gustavo
name: Milivojević, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q60, 53C27, 53C28, 55P62

description: We study the space of (orthogonal) almost complex structures on closed six-dimensional manifolds as the space of sections of the twistor space for a given metric. For a connected six-manifold with vanishing first Betti number, we express the space of almost complex structures as a quotient of the space of sections of a seven-sphere bundle over the manifold by a circle action, and then use this description to compute the rational homotopy theoretic minimal model of the components that satisfy a certain Chern number condition. We further obtain a formula for the homological intersection number of two sections of the twistor space in terms of the Chern classes of the corresponding almost complex structures.
Active electromagnetic metamaterial based on spin torque oscillators
Creators: name: Tatara, Gen
name: Ueda, Hiroaki T.
name: Taguchi, Katsuhisa
name: Sasaki, Yuta
name: Nishijima, Miyuki
name: Takeuchi, Akihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose theoretically an active material for electromagnetic radiation with frequency of GHz by use of spin-torque oscillators. The origin of the amplification is the energy supplied to the magnetization by the injected current. We show that close to a resonance with current-driven magnetization, the imaginary part of magnetic permeability becomes indeed negative for either of the two circular polarizations, resulting in negative imaginary part of refractive index. Besides, the real part of the refractive index is also manipulated by the current. Our system thus realizes an active filter to obtain circular polarized radiation and/or an electromagnetic metamaterial having negative refractive index, both controlled electrically.
Self-Bound vortex states in nonlinear Schrödinger equations with LHY correction
Creators: name: Arora, Anudeep K.
name: Sparber, Christof
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We study the cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in two and three spatial dimension. This equation arises in the mean-field description of Bose-Einstein condensates with Lee-Huang-Yang correction. We first prove global existence of solutions in natural energy spaces which allow for the description of self-bound quantum droplets with vorticity. Existence of such droplets, described as central vortex states in 2D and 3D, is then proved using an approach via constrained energy minimizers. In 2D we also obtain a sharp lower bound on their mass. Even though these vortex states are known to be unstable in general, we prove that they are indeed orbitally stable (as a set) under the flow associated to the NLS with repulsive inverse-square potential in 2D.
Resonant control of cold-atom transport through two optical lattices with a constant relative speed
Creators: name: Greenaway, M. T.
name: Balanov, A. G.
name: Fromhold, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show theoretically that the dynamics of cold atoms in the lowest energy band of a stationary optical lattice can be transformed and controlled by a second, weaker, periodic potential moving at a constant speed along the axis of the stationary lattice. The atom trajectories exhibit complex behavior, which depends sensitively on the amplitude and speed of the propagating lattice. When the speed and amplitude of the moving potential are low, the atoms are dragged through the static lattice and perform drifting orbits with frequencies an order of magnitude higher than that corresponding to the moving potential. Increasing either the speed or amplitude of the moving lattice induces Bloch-like oscillations within the energy band of the static lattice, which exhibit complex resonances at critical values of the system parameters. In some cases, a very small change in these parameters can reverse the atom's direction of motion. In order to understand these dynamics we present an analytical model, which describes the key features of the atom transport and also accurately predicts the positions of the resonant features in the atom's phase space. The abrupt controllable transitions between dynamical regimes, and the associated set of resonances, provide a mechanism for transporting atoms between precise locations in a lattice: as required for using cold atoms to simulate condensed matter or as a stepping stone to quantum information processing. The system also provides a direct quantum simulator of acoustic waves propagating through semiconductor nanostructures in sound analogs of the optical laser (SASER).