Curtonotum papillatum Klymko & Marshall 2011, sp. n.
Creators: name: Klymko, John
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Curtonotidae
Curtonotum
Curtonotum papillatum

description: Curtonotum papillatum Klymko & Marshall, sp. n.   
Figures 187–194, and 218  
 Diagnosis. When the medial and lateral frontal vittae are pronounced C. papillatum is very similar to C. atlanticum, C. hunkingi, and C. punctithorax. In such instances refer to diagnosis of C. atlanticum. Specimens with the medial frontal vitta absent and the lateral frontal vitta faint can be distinguished from congeners (besides the three aforementioned species) by the following combination of characters: wing with extensive dark infuscation in r 1 and r 2+3 and around dm-cu, palpus and clypeus with orange-yellow ground colour (former often slightly darker) and two lateral katepisternal setae.   
 Etymology. From Latin, papilla, meaning nipple, referring to the very papillose spermathecae of this species.   
 Description. Similar to C. atlanticum except as follows. Length: 6.8–9.7 mm. Frons with 2 convergent, relatively faint vitta flanking ocellar triangle, extending anteriorly to antennae bases (some specimens with similar medial vitta), width 1.2–1.4 times length, microtomentum of ocellar triangle extending anterior of anterior ocellus, its margin an acute point, proclinate seta at ca. one-third distance from anterior ocellus to ventral margin of frons. Eye height 9.0–13.6 times gena height. First flagellomere with orange ground colour, orange-brown on apical ca. half. Thoracic ground colour medium brown. Scutum with 4 narrow vittae (more or less absent in some specimens), the medial pair broader posteriorly, in some specimens extending from posterior margin to level of postpronotal lobe, in others visible only posteriorly, lateral pair extending nearly to transverse suture, often a small dark spot present anterior to transverse suture. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae, anterior seta ca. three-quarters times length of posterior seta, in some specimens an additional relatively elongate seta exists anterior and posterior to these. Legs with brown-yellow ground colour, all tibiae, femora, and tarsomeres 1 and 2 medium to dark brown at apex (this quite subtle in some specimens), tarsomeres 3–5 medium to dark brown throughout. Fore femur somewhat darker on distal ca. third in some specimens, with 5–6 posterodorsal setae, 6–8 ctenidial setae; mid femur with 5–8 anterior setae. Row of short cuneiform setae present on proximal third to entire length of anteroventral margin of mid tarsomere 5 and proximal third to half on hind tarsomere 5. Tergites 3–5 brown microtomentose dorsally on posterior ca. half, two-fifths, and fifth to three-tenths, respectively. In some specimens lateral vitta interrupted on tergite 5. Tergites 3–5 narrowly brown microtomentose laterally along posterior margin.   
 Male terminalia: Sternite 5 with invaginate area of weak sclerotization on distal margin, weakly sclerotized area setulose, posterior margin truncate; tergite 6 moderately to well sclerotized; tergite 7 relatively narrow, dorsal length ca. 0.1 times epandrial dorsal length; sternite 6 broad and well sclerotized, barely separated into right and left portions, left portion more heavily sclerotized proximally; sternite 7 well separated into right and left portions, right portion relatively long, subequal in length to right portion of sternite 6. Epandrium relatively small, bulging ventrally in lateral profile, with large posterolateral lobe (particularly evident in posterior profile), scattered setulae (in no area are these particularly long); surstylus laterally articulating and medially fused to epandrium, posteriorly pointed in lateral profile, in dorsal profile ventral margin rounded, medial margin with sharp acute point, minutely setulose ventrally and dorsally, area adjacent to postgonite concave. Cercus stout, with ventral margin flat to slightly concave, longest cercal setulae shorter than longest epandrial setulae. Hypandrium with very broad-based, flat-topped dorsobasal lobe, posterior bridge produced ventrally and slightly anteriorly, hypandrial arm relatively straight, with 2–3 ventromedially oriented setulae proximal to postgonites, broadly fused distally to opposite hypandrial arm; medial margin of postgonite with broad medial process abutting with adjacent postgonite, apex slightly upturned, minutely setulose dorsally. Phallapodeme with relatively small, anteriorly bulging “fan”, margin opposite fan convex basally, concave distally; basiphallus very elongate, weakly sclerotized basally, straightening and broadening slightly distally, with slight subapical concavity on left; distiphallus long, straight, slightly tapering base, apically bilobed, left lobe nearly perpendicular to axis of phallus basally, bending posteriorly on distal twothirds, much longer than right, with narrow heavily sclerotized area on ventral surface, this not reaching midpoint, moderately sclerotized on lateral margin to recurved process, recurved process with extremely fine, sparse, stout antrorse spinules, ventral surface on distal half moderately sclerotized, lobe otherwise lightly sclerotized, dorsal surface with fine spinules, ventral surface with short broad-based spinules (appearing scaled), these extending to lateral margin resulting in serration, apex narrow, rounded; right lobe straight, in same axis as phallus, with broad moderately sclerotized region ventrally, otherwise lightly sclerotized, dorsally short fine spinules, ventral face with pebbled texture, apex broadly rounded. Ejaculatory apodeme outside of basiphallus, rod-shaped, elongate with pointed apex and small pores on basal two-thirds.   
 Female terminalia: Ovipositor slender and elongate (as in Figure 202). Sternite 5 length 1.4–1.9 times width, sternite 6 length 1.0–1.3 times width. Tergite 6 desclerotized medially on proximal third or less, tergite 7 desclerotized medially. Sternite 8 broadly heavily sclerotized marginally on posterior half, posterior margin truncate. Tergite 8 and sternite 8 weakly sclerotized proximally. Sternite 10 heavily sclerotized, with antrorse spinules medially, area of sclerotization flaring proximally, proximal margin with slight dorsal bend, profile narrow on proximal half, broader on distal half. Spermatheca elongate, densely papillose. Ventral receptacle weakly S-shaped, heavily sclerotized proximally, apex weakly sclerotized, semispherical, duct with minute longitudinal wrinkles.   
 Comments. One female from Rio de Janeiro is quite dark overall, with thoracic ground colour dark brown. The single male specimen labeled “Costarica” is here interpreted as being from Costa Rica, Mato Grosso do Sol, Brazil. It is not assumed to indicate the country Costa Rica as C. papillatum is otherwise only known from southeast Brazil.   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Alto da Boa Vista, iii.1940 (USNM). Paratypes: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: 6♀, Santa Teresa, iv.1969, N. Papavero (MZSP). Mato Grosso do Sul: ♂, Costarica, (SMTD). Rio de Janeiro: 3♂, 2♀, x–xii.1937 – i.1938, ♂, 2♀, i.1939, 5♂, ♀, ix.1938, same data plus 3♂, ♀, Yellow Fever Service, M.E.S. Brazil, ix.1938, 4♂, 3♀, 1 sex unknown (abdomen missing), x.1938, all R.C. Shannon (all USNM); ♀, District Federal, iv.1938, ♀, viii.1938, 5♂, 2♀, ix.1938, 2♂, 3♀, x.1938, 3♂, 2♀, xii.1938, all Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S., Brasil (all MZSP); 2♂, ♀, Mangaratiba, viii.1938, Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S., Brasil (MZSP); ♂, Jurassal, Angra, x.[1]934, L. Travassos and Lopes (MZSP). São Paulo: 2♂, Cubatão, 15.ii.1935, Pereira, Martinez, Werner, d’Andretta (MZSP).
description: Published as part of Klymko, John & Marshall, Stephen A., 2011, Systematics of New World Curtonotum Macquart (Diptera: Curtonotidae) 3079, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3079 (1) on pages 99-101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3079.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5243925