cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Laplacian to compute intersection numbers on $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ and correlation functions in NCQFT
Creators: name: Grosse, Harald
name: Hock, Alexander
name: Wulkenhaar, Raimar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C17, 32G15, 32G81, 81R60

description: Let $F_g(t)$ be the generating function of intersection numbers on the moduli spaces $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ of complex curves of genus $g$. As by-product of a complete solution of all non-planar correlation functions of the renormalised $Φ^3$-matrical QFT model, we explicitly construct a Laplacian $Δ_t$ on the space of formal parameters $t_i$ satisfying $\exp(\sum_{g\geq 2} N^{2-2g}F_g(t))=\exp((-Δ_t+F_2(t))/N^2)1$ for any $N>0$. The result is achieved via Dyson-Schwinger equations from noncommutative quantum field theory combined with residue techniques from topological recursion. The genus-$g$ correlation functions of the $Φ^3$-matricial QFT model are obtained by repeated application of another differential operator to $F_g(t)$ and taking for $t_i$ the renormalised moments of a measure constructed from the covariance of the model.
description: 39 pages, LaTeX. v2: references added, appendix suppressed (still contained in *.tex). A Mathematica implementation to compute all intersection numbers up to genus 10 (but easily extended) is provided as ancillary file. v3: relation to kappa classes added, a larger gap in proof of Prop 5.2 filled, minor change of conventions, typos corrected
Agauopsis tricuspis Benard 1962
Creators: name: Durucan, Furkan
name: Paz, Juan Carlos De La
name: Hernández-Teixidor, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Halacaridae
Agauopsis
Agauopsis tricuspis

description: Agauopsis tricuspis Benard, 1962
 Material examined
 One female and one male (FDHAL-21/4), El Pris (Gelidium pusillum, mediolittoral zone); one male, La Barranquera.
 Diagnosis
 Length of the female was 440 µm, and 380 µm for male. Agauopsis tricuspis is characterized by having five spines on telofemur I and being spread along the eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (Bartsch 2015) (Figs. 3D, 5C, D, 8A–E). The morphological characteristics of the specimens from Tenerife agree well with the previous reports of the species from France (Roscoff) (Benard 1962) and (Bay of Arcachon) (Bartsch 1976), and Italy (Krantz 1970).
 Remarks
 It was originally described by Benard (1962) from France Atlantic (Roscoff, Bloscon) among barnacles (Chthamalus stellatus). Later, the species was reported from the Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea, Venice) amongst mussel beds, by Krantz (1970), and Atlantic France (Bay of Arcachon), again by Bartsch (1976). After that, it was reported from Ireland, United Kingdom, France and Spain, according to Bartsch (1976, 2015).
description: Published as part of Durucan, Furkan, Paz, Juan Carlos De La & Hernández-Teixidor, David, 2023, Halacaridae (Acari) from Tenerife (Canary Islands), pp. 1-19 in Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i1.76823, http://zenodo.org/record/10267938
Long-time behavior of the momentum distribution during the sudden expansion of a spin-imbalanced Fermi gas in one dimension
Creators: name: Bolech, C. J.
name: Heidrich-Meisner, F.
name: Langer, S.
name: McCulloch, I. P.
name: Orso, G.
name: Rigol, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the sudden expansion of spin-imbalanced ultracold lattice fermions with attractive interactions in one dimension after turning off the longitudinal confining potential. We show that the momentum distribution functions of majority and minority fermions approach stationary values quickly due to a quantum distillation mechanism that results in a spatial separation of pairs and majority fermions. As a consequence, Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) correlations are lost during the expansion. Furthermore, we argue that the shape of the stationary momentum distribution functions can be understood by relating them to the integrals of motion in this integrable quantum system. We discuss our results in the context of proposals to observe FFLO correlations, related to recent experiments by Liao et al., Nature 467, 567 (2010).
description: 8 pages including supplementary material, 9 eps figures, revised version as published, some text moved to the supplemental material
SOS: An Architecture for Mitigating DDoS Attacks
Creators: name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose an architecture called secure overlay services (SOS) that proactively prevents denial of service (DoS) attacks, including distributed (DDoS) attacks; it is geared toward supporting emergency services, or similar types of communication. The architecture  uses a combination of secure overlay tunneling, routing via consistent hashing, and filtering. We reduce the probability of successful attacks by: 1) performing intensive filtering near protected network edges, pushing the attack point perimeter into the core of the network, where high-speed routers can handle the volume of attack traffic and 2) introducing randomness and anonymity into the forwarding architecture, making it difficult for an attacker to target nodes along the path to a specific SOS-protected destination. Using simple analytical models, we evaluate the likelihood that an attacker can successfully launch a DoS attack against an SOS-protected network. Our analysis demonstrates that such an architecture reduces the likelihood of a successful attack to minuscule levels. Our performance measurements using a prototype implementation indicate an increase in end-to-end latency by a factor of two for the general case, and an average heal time of less than 10 s.
Is the Orange Revolution Over or Did It Never Happen?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations
East Europeans

description: Viktor Yanukovich's victory in the Ukrainian presidential election Sunday has predictably sparked a spate of commentary that Ukraine's Orange Revolution has come to an end. This conclusion seems natural given that it was the same Yanukovich's efforts to steal the 2004 presidential election that led to the Orange Revolution. At first glance, it is difficult to imagine a more clear symbolic rebuke to the western oriented reform agenda of President Viktor Yuschenko, who defeated Yanukovich in 2004, but received only 5% of the vote in the first round of this election, and to Yulia Timoschenko, the other major leader of the Orange Revolution, who lost to Yanukovich on Sunday, than Yanukovich's victory. This, at least, is how the election has been portrayed in most media. A narrative has been created that the elections of 2004 and 2010 represented swings in the Ukrainian electorate signaling the beginning and end of the Orange Revolution. An alternative narrative has also emerged claiming that Yanukovich's victory is evidence of the success of the Orange Revolution. Alternation of power through fair elections, as Ukraine has just experienced, is, after all, a defining characteristic of a democracy. However, there is a considerably more plausible, if less dramatic, explanation of the events of the last decade or so in Ukraine. Perhaps Yuschenko's narrow victory in 2004 and Yanukovich's similarly narrow victory this year are part, not of a cycle of revolution and counter-revolution, or of a consolidation of democracy, but simply stages of Ukraine's slow and bumpy post-Soviet history. In this view, Yuschenko's victory in 2004 reflects a process of regime development of which Leonid Kuchma's presidency, which began in 1994, is also part.
Large Deviations in Renewal Models of Statistical Mechanics
Creators: name: Zamparo, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Ref. [1] the author has recently established sharp large deviation principles for cumulative rewards associated with a discrete-time renewal model, supposing that each renewal involves a broad-sense reward taking values in a separable Banach space. The renewal model has been there identified with constrained and non-constrained pinning models of polymers, which amount to Gibbs changes of measure of a classical renewal process. In this paper we show that the constrained pinning model is the common mathematical structure to the Poland-Scheraga model of DNA denaturation and to some relevant one-dimensional lattice models of Statistical Mechanics, such as the Fisher-Felderhof model of fluids, the Wako-Saitô-Muñoz-Eaton model of protein folding, and the Tokar-Dreyssé model of strained epitaxy. Then, in the framework of the constrained pinning model, we develop an analytical characterization of the large deviation principles for cumulative rewards corresponding to multivariate deterministic rewards that are uniquely determined by, and at most of the order of magnitude of, the time elapsed between consecutive renewals. In particular, we outline the explicit calculation of the rate functions and successively we identify the conditions that prevent them from being analytic and that underlie affine stretches in their graphs. Finally, we apply the general theory to the number of renewals. From the point of view of Equilibrium Statistical Physics and Statistical Mechanics, cumulative rewards of the above type are the extensive observables that enter the thermodynamic description of the system. The number of renewals, which turns out to be the commonly adopted order parameter for the Poland-Scheraga model and for also the renewal models of Statistical Mechanics, is one of these observables.
title: Hydatid disease : When you dont expect it !
Creators: name: Mghaieth, Sandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Bones
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Localisation
subject: Cysts
subject: Infection
subject: Parasites
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -Describe the imaging features of hydatid disease in rare anatomic locations and discuss its unusual complications. -Discuss the roles of US, CT, and MR imaging in the diagnosis of hydatid...
Did the 2016 Republican Primary Season Begin Last Night?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The State of the Union is one of those moments in political life where the backstory and positioning are much more significant than the event itself. President Obama's speech last night was a good speech in that he presented a solid vision of his priorities and goals for the next months and years. It was not, however, groundbreaking or significant. Many of the ideas in the speech had either been previously raised in the president's recent second inaugural address, or were restatements of Democratic Party principles and goals of the last several decades.
Estimating the inverse trace using random forests on graphs
Creators: name: Barthelmé, Simon
name: Tremblay, Nicolas
name: Gaudillière, Alexandre
name: Avena, Luca
name: Amblard, Pierre-Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Some data analysis problems require the computation of (regularised) inverse traces, i.e. quantities of the form $\Tr (q \bI + \bL)^{-1}$. For large matrices, direct methods are unfeasible and one must resort to approximations, for example using a conjugate gradient solver combined with Girard's trace estimator (also known as Hutchinson's trace estimator). Here we describe an unbiased estimator of the regularized inverse trace, based on Wilson's algorithm, an algorithm that was initially designed to draw uniform spanning trees in graphs. Our method is fast, easy to implement, and scales to very large matrices. Its main drawback is that it is limited to diagonally dominant matrices $\bL$.
description: Submitted to GRETSI conference
Galactic distributions of carbon- and oxygen-rich AGB stars revealed by the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky survey
Creators: name: Ishihara, Daisuke
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Ita, Yoshifusa
name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: Matsunaga, Noriyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The environmental conditions for asympotic giant branch (AGB) stars to reach the carbon-rich (C-rich) phase are important to understand the evolutionary process of AGB stars. The difference between the spatial distributions of C-rich and oxygen-rich (O-rich) AGB stars is essential for the study of the Galactic structure and the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM). Aims: We quantitatively investigate the spatial distributions of C-rich and O-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy. We discuss the difference between them and its origin. Methods: We classify a large number of AGB stars newly detected by the AKARI id-infrared all-sky survey. In the color-color diagrams, we define their occupation zones based on the locations of known objects. We then obtain the spatial distributions of C-rich and O-rich AGB stars, assuming that they have the same luminosity for a given mass-loss rate. Results: We find that O-rich AGB stars are concentrated toward the Galactic center and that the density decreases with Galactocentric distance, whereas C-rich AGB stars show a relatively uniform distribution within about 8kpc of Sun. Conclusion: Our result confirms the trends reported in previous studies and extends them to a Galactic scale. We discuss the relations between our result, the Galactic metallicity gradient, and the chemical evolution of the ISM in our Galaxy.
description: 13 pages, 24 figures, Accepted for A&A
Search for New Phenomena in ttbar Events with Large Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for new phenomena in ttbar events with large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The measurement is based on 1.04 fb^-1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is carried out in the single-lepton channel, characterized by an isolated lepton of high transverse momentum, four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. Contributions to this final state may arise from a number of Standard Model extensions. The results are interpreted in terms of a model where new top-quark partners are pair-produced and each decay to an on-shell top (or antitop) quark and a long-lived undetected neutral particle. The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations. A limit at 95% confidence level is set excluding a cross-section times branching ratio of 1.1 pb for a top-partner mass of 420 GeV and a neutral particle mass less than 10 GeV. In a model of exotic fourth generation quarks, top-partner masses are excluded up to 420 GeV and neutral particle masses up to 140 GeV.
description: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 3 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physical Review Letters
"Patch-on-Demand" Saves Even More Time?
Creators: name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: In the June 2004 Security column (“A Patch in Nine Saves Time?”pp. 82-83), Bill Arbaugh makes two interesting observations: first, whoever has the tightest observe-orient-decide-act (OODA) loop will prevail in a confrontation; second, the infection rates of recent worms suggest that the good guys are losing the battle.
Contested suburban mobilities: towards a sustainable urbanism of justice and difference
Creators: name: Zhou, Shimeng
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: sustainable urbanism
eco-city
suburban regeneration
ecological citizenship
gentrification
practice
cycling
difference
Sweden

description: Presented at the Environmental justice in the Anthropocene symposium held on April 24-25, 2017 at the Lory Student Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado. This symposium aims to bring together academics (faculty and graduate students), independent researchers, community and movement activists, and regulatory and policy practitioners from across disciplines, research areas, perspectives, and different countries. Our overarching goal is to build on several decades of EJ research and practice to address the seemingly intractable environmental and ecological problems of this unfolding era. How can we explore EJ amongst humans and between nature and humans, within and across generations, in an age when humans dominate the landscape? How can we better understand collective human dominance without obscuring continuing power differentials and inequities within and between human societies? What institutional and governance innovations can we adopt to address existing challenges and to promote just transitions and futures?
description: Mainstream understandings of sustainability are dominated by post-political discourses that tend to favour technological solutions while overlooking social justice. This paper draws attention to the different and often uneven ways in which sustainable urban environments, and their associated practices of citizenship and mobility, are produced and contested. By combining critical approaches to sustainable urbanism, ecological citizenship and mobility with social practice theory, this paper highlights the social justice dimensions of 'green' transitions through the case of a cycling-promoting initiative within a sustainable regeneration project ('Sustainable Järva') in Järva, an ethnically diverse suburb outside Stockholm, Sweden. The results reveal divergent understandings of suburban regeneration and ecological citizenship among different groups, and the deeply political nature of cycling. In 'Sustainable Järva', the practices of ecological citizenship promoted have overlapped with norms and values linked to a 'Swedish' identity associated with environmental responsibility, familiarity with nature, and active outdoor mobility, thus normatively reproducing power structures of class and race in the public opinion on desired forms of ecological citizenship and mobility. The results challenge post-political understandings of 'sustainability', affirming that just transitions to sustainable futures that ensure both the 'green' and the 'just' require environmentally progressive ontologies of sustainability, urbanism, ecological citizenship and mobility, promoting ecologically sound transitions while accommodating difference, and addressing the joint environmental and social justice implications for diverse communities.
The Galactic Centre - A Laboratory for Starburst Galaxies (?)
Creators: name: Crocker, Roland M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic centre - as the closest galactic nucleus - holds both intrinsic interest and possibly represents a useful analogue to star-burst nuclei which we can observe with orders of magnitude finer detail than these external systems. The environmental conditions in the GC - here taken to mean the inner 200 pc in diameter of the Milky Way - are extreme with respect to those typically encountered in the Galactic disk. The energy densities of the various GC ISM components are typically ~two orders of magnitude larger than those found locally and the star-formation rate density ~three orders of magnitude larger. Unusually within the Galaxy, the Galactic centre exhibits hard-spectrum, diffuse TeV (=10^12 eV) gamma-ray emission spatially coincident with the region's molecular gas. Recently the nuclei of local star-burst galaxies NGC 253 and M82 have also been detected in gamma-rays of such energies. We have embarked on an extended campaign of modelling the broadband (radio continuum to TeV gamma-ray), non- thermal signals received from the inner 200 pc of the Galaxy. On the basis of this modelling we find that star-formation and associated supernova activity is the ultimate driver of the region's non-thermal activity. This activity drives a large-scale wind of hot plasma and cosmic rays out of the GC. The wind advects the locally-accelerated cosmic rays quickly, before they can lose much energy in situ or penetrate into the densest molecular gas cores where star-formation occurs. The cosmic rays can, however, heat/ionize the lower density/warm H2 phase enveloping the cores. On very large scales (~10 kpc) the non-thermal signature of the escaping GC cosmic rays has probably been detected recently as the spectacular 'Fermi bubbles' and corresponding 'WMAP haze'.
description: Invited talk to appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 284, 2011 (R.J. Tuffs & C.C. Popescu, eds.) `The Spectral Energy Distribution of Galaxies'
Copidognathus remipes
Creators: name: Durucan, Furkan
name: Paz, Juan Carlos De La
name: Hernández-Teixidor, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Halacaridae
Copidognathus
Copidognathus remipes

description: Copidognathus remipes (Trouessart, 1894)
 Material examined One male (FDHAL-21/7), El Pris (Amphiora sp., 2 m).
 Diagnosis
 The male specimen was 310 µm in length and 160 µm width (Fig. 3G). Copidognathus remipes is very similar to C. gibbus. The most marked differences between these two species are as follows: C. remipes is smaller than C. gibbus; the idiosoma color of C. remipes darker than C. gibbus; and C. remipes has a pair of short, weak and narrow costae on the PD (Durucan 2019b). Anterior dorsal plate “A” shaped costae, OC longer than wide (80 µm/20 µm), telofemura I wide ventrolateral lamella.
description: Published as part of Durucan, Furkan, Paz, Juan Carlos De La & Hernández-Teixidor, David, 2023, Halacaridae (Acari) from Tenerife (Canary Islands), pp. 1-19 in Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i1.76823, http://zenodo.org/record/10267938
Fiscal Ultimatum Fatigue
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The possibility of a range of spending cuts beginning automatically on March 1st due to the sequester remains very real with only a few days remaining until the deadline. The sequester will cut spending, but also likely impact economic recovery and growth. While some may laud the sequester for finally reducing spending, it is also a clumsy tool for making policy relying upon broad, but moderate, cuts rather than more well thought out cuts to specific programs. Despite this, few ordinary Americans are too concerned about the potential sequester.
Critical Fluctuations in Renewal Models of Statistical Mechanics
Creators: name: Zamparo, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sharp asymptotic behavior at criticality of the large fluctuations of extensive observables in renewal models of statistical mechanics, such as the Poland-Scheraga model of DNA denaturation, the Fisher-Felderhof model of fluids, the Wako-Saitô-Muñoz-Eaton model of protein folding, and the Tokar-Dreyssé model of strained epitaxy. These models amount to Gibbs changes of measure of a classical renewal process and can be identified with a constrained pinning model of polymers. The extensive observables that enter the thermodynamic description turn out to be cumulative rewards corresponding to deterministic rewards that are uniquely determined by the waiting time and grow no faster than it. The probability decay with the system size of their fluctuations switches from exponential to subexponential at criticality, which is a regime corresponding to a discontinuous pinning-depinning phase transition. We describe such decay by proposing a precise large deviation principle under the assumption that the subexponential correction term to the waiting time distribution is regularly varying. This principle is in particular used to characterize the fluctuations of the number of renewals, which measures the DNA-bound monomers in the Poland-Scheraga model, the particles in the Fisher-Felderhof model and the Tokar-Dreyssé model, and the native peptide bonds in the Wako-Saitô-Muñoz-Eaton model.
Why Huntsman and Perry Aren't the Answer Either
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Talks about politicians who aren’t ready or good enough to be the Republican nomination for presidential candidate, namely Rick Perry and Jon Huntsman. Talks about their qualifications and what they believe in when it comes to the Republican party.
On centralizer algebras for spin representations
Creators: name: Wenzl, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37

description: We give a presentation of the centralizer algebras for tensor products of spinor representations of quantum groups via generators and relations. In the even-dimensional case, this can be described in terms of non-standard q-deformations of orthogonal Lie algebras; in the odd-dimensional case only a certain subalgebra will appear. In the classical case q = 1 the relations boil down to Lie algebra relations.
Additional file 2 of Genome-wide association studies of plant architecture-related traits and 100-seed weight in soybean landraces
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoli
name: Ding, Wentao
name: Xue, Dong
name: Li, Xiangnan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Shen, Jiacheng
name: Feng, Jianying
name: Guo, Na
name: Qiu, Lijuan
name: Xing, Han
name: Zhao, Jinming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Population structure analysis of 133 soybean landraces.
title: Pathophysiological and therapeutic studies in Alkaptonuria
Creators: name: Khedr, Milad
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism (OMIM 203500) caused by a deficiency in the homogentisate dioxygenase enzyme (HGD, EC 1.13.11.5) which leads to increased homogentisic acid in body fluids and tissues. This results in the formation of a melanin-like pigment in a process called ochronosis. Ochronosis is the main pathophysiological process in AKU. It changes the mechanical properties of tissues and gives rise to the various manifestations of AKU. These include features such as stones (kidney, prostate, salivary and gall bladder), ruptures (tendons, muscle, ligaments), hearing impairment, external ocular and auricular ochronosis, cardiac (mainly aortic) valve disease, bone fractures and most significantly, arthritis. The management of AKU has been mainly supportive without addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. However, nitisinone (NTBC), a competitive reversible inhibitor of the hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase enzyme (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27), can decrease urinary excretion of homogentisic acid by 98.8%. NTBC is already licensed and has been used for over two decades for the treatment of hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 (HT-1) in children. Since 2012, NTBC has been used off-label in the NHS England designated National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital. Data from the NAC cohort suggest that NTBC reverses ochronosis. In October 2020 and following the positive clinical outcomes of SONIA 2, NTBC has been licensed for the treatment of AKU in adults. Since the biochemical deficit is present since birth, treatment with NTBC to modify the course of AKU seems logical. However, NTBC causes a significant rise in serum tyrosine which has been associated with cognitive impairment in children, skin rash, vitiligo, cataract, and potentially sight-threatening keratopathy. These serious risks call for an evaluation of the wider impact of NTBC on the tyrosine pathway. It is hypothesised that NTBC increases the tyrosine pool size and concentrations in tissues. An analytical method has been developed to measure tyrosine and phenylalanine tracers. Pulse injection with L-[13C9]tyrosine and L-[d8]phenylalanine was used along with compartmental modelling to estimate the size of tyrosine pools before and after treatment with NTBC in AKU patients and also measure concentrations of tracers in AKU mice, healthy volunteers and AKU patients. NTBC significantly increased the tyrosine pool size in humans. It also increased the tyrosine concentrations in murine tissues, suggesting that NTBC increases tyrosine not just in serum but also in tissues (i.e., acquired tyrosinosis). This study provides, for the first time, the experimental proof for the magnitude of NTBC-related acquired tyrosinosis that should be overcome to ensure the safe use of NTBC in AKU.
title: Extraperitoneal air: Tracking the source on MDCT in emergency
Creators: name: Saggar, Kavita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emergency Imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Retroperitoneum
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Abscess
subject: Acute
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To outline the anatomy of retroperitoneal spaces To describe the causes of air in the retroperitoneal spaces Role of imaging in pneumoretroperitoneum with emphasis on detecting the source which is pertinent to...
title: Cholangiopathies: An imaging compendium on CT and MRI
Creators: name: Saggar, Kavita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: MR-Cholangiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Inflammation
subject: Tropical diseases
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: •To discuss the common and uncommon causes of cholangiopathy •To highlight the imaging patterns in various cholangiopathies which is pertinent for accurate diagnosis and...
A quasi-conservative discontinuous Galerkin method for multi-component flows using the non-oscillatory kinetic flux
Creators: name: Luo, Dongmi
name: Qiu, Jianxian
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Chen, Yibing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, a high order quasi-conservative discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method using the non-oscillatory kinetic flux is proposed for the 5-equation model of compressible multi-component flows with Mie-Grüneisen equation of state. The method mainly consists of three steps: firstly, the DG method with the non-oscillatory kinetic flux is used to solve the conservative equations of the model; secondly, inspired by Abgrall's idea, we derive a DG scheme for the volume fraction equation which can avoid the unphysical oscillations near the material interfaces; finally, a multi-resolution WENO limiter and a maximum-principle-satisfying limiter are employed to ensure oscillation-free near the discontinuities, and preserve the physical bounds for the volume fraction, respectively. Numerical tests show that the method can achieve high order for smooth solutions and keep non-oscillatory at discontinuities. Moreover, the velocity and pressure are oscillation-free at the interface and the volume fraction can stay in the interval [0,1].
description: 41 pages, 70 figures
title: Illustrated review of Persistent Primitive Carotico-vertebrobasilar Anastomoses
Creators: name: Erk, Hamdullah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To present types of fetal persistent primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. 2. To recognize these persistent arteries, be aware of their clinical significance and to report them before surgical and interventional...
One Size Does Not Fit All: Land Markets and Property Rights for the Construction of the Just City
Creators: name: Irazabal Zurita, Clara E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: City planning

description: This essay reflects on alternative urban markets and property right systems in some Latin American countries. What becomes clear is that one size does not fit all: land markets and property rights are multifaceted and their conception and implementation should be context-sensitive. In recent experiments and proposals in Brazil, El Salvador and Venezuela, among other countries, they are being used as instruments for the expansion of rights to the city and the construction of the just city.
Bottom-quark mass from finite energy QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Bodenstein, S.
name: Bordes, J.
name: Dominguez, C. A.
name: Penarrocha, J.
name: Schilcher, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite energy QCD sum rules involving both inverse and positive moment integration kernels are employed to determine the bottom quark mass. The result obtained in the $\bar{\text {MS}}$ scheme at a reference scale of $10\, {GeV}$ is $\bar{m}_b(10\,\text{GeV})= 3623(9)\,\text{MeV}$. This value translates into a scale invariant mass $\bar{m}_b(\bar{m}_b) = 4171 (9)\, {MeV}$. This result has the lowest total uncertainty of any method, and is less sensitive to a number of systematic uncertainties that affect other QCD sum rule determinations.
description: An appendix has been added with explicit expressions for the polynomials used in Table I
Revolutions, Corruption and Intrigue in Central Asia’s “Restless Valley”
Creators: name: Cooley, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: International relations

description: For Quartz, Cooley reviews Philip Shishkin's Restless Valley (Yale University Press 2013).
"Over a five-year period in the 2000s, Central Asia’s Fergana Valley saw two revolutions, the bloodiest government-ordered crackdown on protestors since China’s Tiananmen Square, and a wave of authoritarian abuses. The time was laced with geopolitical intrigue: The US had military bases in the region for the entire period, erected as supply hubs for the war in Afghanistan.
In his absorbing Restless Valley: Revolution, Murder and Intrigue in the Heart of Central Asia, Philip Shishkin reconstructs these events and others through the eyes of its participants. He succeeds, not by trying to provide a definitive or analytical account, but through an investigative eye for detail, probing interviews, biting wit, and insights refreshingly informed more often by references to contemporary popular culture than to the 19th-century travelogues that writers of such regional primers tend to fall back on."
Sifting Convolution on the Sphere
Creators: name: Roddy, Patrick J.
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A novel spherical convolution is defined through the sifting property of the Dirac delta on the sphere. The so-called sifting convolution is defined by the inner product of one function with a translated version of another, but with the adoption of an alternative translation operator on the sphere. This translation operator follows by analogy with the Euclidean translation when viewed in harmonic space. The sifting convolution satisfies a variety of desirable properties that are lacking in alternate definitions, namely: it supports directional kernels; it has an output which remains on the sphere; and is efficient to compute. An illustration of the sifting convolution on a topographic map of the Earth demonstrates that it supports directional kernels to perform anisotropic filtering, while its output remains on the sphere.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Sarah Palin the Entertainer vs. Sarah Palin the Politician
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: An article on Sarah Palin’s ability to be both a “politician” and an “entertainer.” Sarah Palin has the ability to take the spotlight away from “less charismatic” politicians, which doesn’t bode well for candidates running for president such as Mitt Romney.
Expletive Pronoun Deletion
Creators: name: Weir, Jesse
Publisher: name: School of Languages, Linguistics, Literatures and Cultures
Year: 2019
Subjects: Pronouns
Syntax
Pronoun Deletion

description: This study aims to observe phonetic changes that participants made in their speech when reading sentences with deleted subject pronouns. Three subject pronoun types were considered in this study; expletive 'it', expletive 'there', and referential 'it'. Productions of sentences were elicited using a self-paced reading task. The results show that participants do not alter their speech if the subject pronoun is absent, but will maintain phonetic consistency based on the type of pronoun that was absent. These results suggest that participants process the type of pronoun that should be present, and unconsciously speak the sentence as though it were present.
Reconstruction of modified gravity with ghost dark energy models
Creators: name: Khodam-Mohammadi, A.
name: Malekjani, M.
name: Monshizadeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we reconstruct the $f(R)$ modified gravity for different ghost and generalized ghost dark energy models in FRW flat universe, which describe the accelerated expansion of the universe. The equation of state of reconstructed $f(R)$ - gravity has been calculated. We show that the corresponding $f(R)$ gravity of ghost dark energy model can behave like phantom or quintessence. We also show that the equation of state of reconstructed $f(R)$ gravity for generalized ghost model can transit from quintessence regime to the phantom regime as indicated by recent observations.
description: 13 pages, some references and one author are added. Accepted for publication by MPLA
Food, family and negotiating the future : the effects of sedentarization and urbanization on the foodways of Bedouin women in northern Israel
Creators: name: Davies, Tammy Rae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The political framework in Israel discriminates against its Arab citizenry, affecting education, employment, and economy for this minority group. Included in the Arab minority are the Bedouin and a minority within this minority are the Bedouin women. On a state level and community level, Bedouin women struggle against a political and patriarchal system that does not normally support their advancement. Traditionally semi-nomadic pastoralists, the Mawasi Bedouin have become, in most cases, village dwellers and wage labourers. In this thesis I discuss my research on the foodways of Mawasi Bedouin women in Northern Israel and the role food plays in their lives. Operating in a patriarchal system, embedded in a foreign colonial culture, Mawasi Bedouin women have used, and continue to use, food as a source of identity, power and agency, as a means of communication, for reciprocal exchanges and informal economy, and as social control. Food is at the heart of women’s relationships and acts as a medium for building social ties, resistance in political and social arenas, and communication when spoken language is inappropriate or politically precarious. Women’s interactions with and uses of food have shifted throughout the process of sedentarization, and continue to be renegotiated in tandem with changes in their social roles within the family, the community and the greater world. This thesis is based on data collected using participant observation, food-centred in-depth life history interviews, informal interviews, and photo journaling during two periods of fieldwork (July to August 2007; July to September 2009) in Haifa, Shefar’am, Tamra and I’blin.
Blobbed topological recursion of the quartic Kontsevich model I: Loop equations and conjectures
Creators: name: Branahl, Johannes
name: Hock, Alexander
name: Wulkenhaar, Raimar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 14H70, 30F30, 32A20, 39B32

description: We provide strong evidence for the conjecture that the analogue of Kontsevich's matrix Airy function, with the cubic potential $\mathrm{Tr}(Φ^3)$ replaced by a quartic term $\mathrm{Tr}(Φ^4)$, obeys the blobbed topological recursion of Borot and Shadrin. We identify in the quartic Kontsevich model three families of correlation functions for which we establish interwoven loop equations. One family consists of symmetric meromorphic differential forms $ω_{g,n}$ labelled by genus and number of marked points of a complex curve. We reduce the solution of all loop equations to a straightforward but lengthy evaluation of residues. In all evaluated cases, the $ω_{g,n}$ consist of a part with poles at ramification points which satisfies the universal formula of topological recursion, and of a part holomorphic at ramification points for which we provide an explicit residue formula.
description: 53 pages, 13 figures. v2: proofs in appendix E considerably simplified, typos corrected. v3: added reference arXiv:2103.13271, where we have proved the main conjecture for $g=0$. v4: rearrangements to improve readability, graphical interpretation of loop equations added, analogies to the 2-matrix model emphasised
Avoiding the Fiscal Cliff, But Not the Steady Decline
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Although it is probably good news that congress and President Obama managed to start the New Year by avoiding going over the fiscal cliff, it is hard not to get a sense that, now that we have avoided that, we can go back to the steady decline that has characterized our economy in recent years. Moreover, while avoiding the fiscal cliff is evidence that our elected officials are not completely unable to work together or govern, there is still reason to believe that congress is not capable of governing the country in a serious way or of addressing any of the myriad problems facing the U.S.
Investigating Proton Conduction using Guest-Loaded Metal-Organic Frameworks
Creators: name: Lin, Giselle
Publisher: name: Chemistry
Year: 2019
Subjects: chemistry

description: Two Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), ZIF-65 and ZIF-90 were loaded with phosphate esters and investigated for their abilities as proton conductors at temperatures ranging from 23ºC to 200ºC, with the goal being the achievement of superprotonic conduction at increased temperatures. Polybenzimidazole, a conductive polymer, was synthesized and incorporated with the MOFs to aid in proton transport. The following results do not achieve superprotonic conduction at high temperatures, but are promising for future investigation.
Q-learning with censored data
Creators: name: Goldberg, Yair
name: Kosorok, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop methodology for a multistage decision problem with flexible number of stages in which the rewards are survival times that are subject to censoring. We present a novel Q-learning algorithm that is adjusted for censored data and allows a flexible number of stages. We provide finite sample bounds on the generalization error of the policy learned by the algorithm, and show that when the optimal Q-function belongs to the approximation space, the expected survival time for policies obtained by the algorithm converges to that of the optimal policy. We simulate a multistage clinical trial with flexible number of stages and apply the proposed censored-Q-learning algorithm to find individualized treatment regimens. The methodology presented in this paper has implications in the design of personalized medicine trials in cancer and in other life-threatening diseases.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS968 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
How the Republicans Mishandled the Debt Ceiling Debate
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A post on how the Republicans did not handle the debt ceiling debate well. Looking into Obama’s approach to handling the deficit by reducing spending rather than raising taxes and how the Republicans have proved themselves to be disorganized, poorly disciplined, or enslaved by ideological extremism.
The Cost of Radical Anti-Tax Rhetoric
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Opposition to almost all taxes has been the defining characteristic of the Republican Party for several decades. At least as far back as the late 1970s, the Republican Party has identified cutting taxes as the key to solving almost any economic problem. For Republican ideologues the best way to stimulate the economy, create jobs, balance the budget, bring people out of poverty, improve education, develop a better health care system or virtually anything else has, for some time now, been to cut taxes. This has been an important part of the Re publican Party's electoral appeal, and indeed message, for most of this time. Most people don' t like paying taxes; and it is not hard to convince people that they are taxed too heavily, despite the ample evidence to the contrary. Similarly, in a country as large and complex as the U.S., it is never difficult to find government and bureaucratic waste to us e as "proof" that tax dollars are being wasted.