Craugastor omiltemanus
Creators: name: Jameson, Tom J. M.
name: Streicher, Jeffrey W.
name: Manuelli, Luigi
name: Head, Jason J.
name: Smith, Eric N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
Craugastor omiltemanus

description: <i>Craugastor omiltemanus</i> (Günther 1900a) <i>Syrrhaphus omiltemanus</i> Günther 1900a:213. Holotype unsexed (BMNH 1901.12.19.7) from ‘‘Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.’’ [Examined]. <i>Hylodes calcitrans</i> Günther 1900b:229. Holotype unsexed (BMNH 1901.12.19.25) from ‘‘Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.’’ [Examined]. <i>Eleutherodactylus omiltemanus</i> (Günther): Lynch 1970:175. <i>Craugastor omiltemanus</i> (Günther): Crawford and Smith 2005:536. <b>Diagnosis.</b> —Based on <i>Hylodes calcitrans</i> type series of 25 individuals and 1 additional specimen. Aspecies of <i>Craugastor</i> distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) large adult size (maximum SVL <i>¼</i> 38.8 mm); (2) reduced ossification of skeleton in adults relative to other members of series, lacking ossification of any elements beyond Stage 2 (Table 3) except for the sphenethmoid; (3) presence of posterolateral projection of frontoparietal; (4) presence of vomerine odontophore; (5) presence or absence of raised tubercles on eyelids, smooth, six round and only slightly protruding tubercles, sometimes a few aligned at the outer edge; (6) supratympanic fold developed; (7) face flank barred or dark; canthus dark, pale, or spotted; canthus with or without a stripe (complete or broken); (8) one or two postrictal tubercles; (9) gular region from evenly scattered fine pigmentation, to densely pigmented with a mid-pale stripe; (10) dorsal surface unicolored pale brown or grey; unicolored to lightly spotted above the scapular and/or rump areas, or tubercles and ridges (if present), interorbital bar; (11) with or without a middorsal ridge; (12) dorsum smooth with only few fine tubercles toward flanks and urostyle or with ridges forming hourglass patterns and medium tuberculation; (13) body flank darker anteriorly (postaxillary) due to posterolateral expansion of supratympanic stripe; sometimes with contrasting white and dark blotching inguinal area, otherwise pale colored; shagreened; (14) inguinal gland present and axillary gland present in adults; (15) when leg adpressed to body, heel reaches middle of eye to mid-canthal area; (16) outer tarsal ridge 0–5 rounded and only slightly raised tubercles, no raised fringe; (17) finger and toe pads round, fingertips slightly or not expanded, toe tips expanded; (18) inner metatarsal tubercle larger than outer metatarsaltubercle. <b>Comparisons.</b> — <i>Craugastor omiltemanus</i> can be differentiated from all other members of the <i>C. mexicanus</i> series by the combination of rough (and often raised) areolate skin on its venter and a massive inner metatarsal tubercle (Figs. 21G and 29; Lynch 1970, 2000). <b>Description.</b> —In previous literature described as largebodied, short-legged, with Toe III &lt;Toe V; innermetatarsal tubercle up to five times larger than outer metatarsal tubercle (Fig. 29A); subarticular tubercles conical; vomerine odontophores; few supernumerary plantar tubercles (Taylor 1941; Lynch 2000). There are two syntypes of <i>C. omiltemanus,</i> BMNH 1901.12.19.7 (reregistered as BMNH 1947.2.16.62; Fig. 1 J) and BMNH 1901.12.19.8 (reregistered as BMNH 1947.2.16.63). We designate the former as the lectotype and the latter as the paralectotype of this species. Both specimens appear to have partially desiccated at some point in their history, whereas the type series of <i>Hylodes calcitrans</i> is in much better condition (Fig. 1K; Fig. 23A and B). We designate BMNH 1901.12.19.29 (reregistered as BMNH 1947.2.16.47) as the lectotype of <i>H. calcitrans</i>. Relative finger lengthsof the typesare III&gt; IV&gt; II&gt; Iandrelative toe lengths are IV &lt;III &lt;V &lt;II &lt;I. Dorsal skin texture raised, often with an Xpattern of sebaceous glands in life (Fig. 30A–D). Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 04 May 2022 <b>Distribution.</b> —Prior to our study, <i>C. omiltemanus</i> was known only from Guerrero (Günther 1900a; Crawford and Smith 2005). Our discovery of a specimen from Oaxaca (UTA A-64264) that is both phylogenetically and morphologically assignable with <i>C. omiltemanus</i> extends the distribution of this species eastward. This species occurs in high-elevation pine–oak forest habitats of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 8; Fig. 30E and F). <b>Phylogenetics.</b> —In all analyses, <i>C. omiltemanus</i> was found to be monophyletic with strong support (ML&gt; 90; BAYES&gt; 0.90; Figs. 3 and 4). In the concatenated analysis <i>C. omiltemanus</i> was found to be the sister taxon of <i>C. saltator,</i> although with limited support (ML <i>¼</i> 44; BAYES <i>¼</i> 0.74; Fig. 3). There was less support for the sister relationship with <i>C. saltator</i> in the mtDNA-only analysis (ML <i>¼</i> 33; BAYES <i>¼</i> 0.82; Fig. 4). In the nDNA-only analysis (which did not include <i>C. saltator</i>), <i>C. omiltemanus</i> was placed in basal polytomy with two other clades: (1) <i>C. mexicanus</i> and (2) all other species of the <i>C. mexicanus</i> series (Fig. 5). In terms of genetic distances (Table 4), <i>C. omiltemanus</i> was most similar to <i>C. mexicanus</i> (4.9%), followed by similarity to <i>C. saltator</i> (5.6%). <b>Remarks.</b> —The skull of <i>C. omiltemanus</i> is similar to <i>C. mexicanus</i> and <i>C. saltator</i> with a more anteriorly placed anterior suture of frontoparietal and prootic than that in other species. Skull examination also was conducted on a smaller subadult individual (UTA A-55240, SVL <i>¼</i> 16.5 mm) that had only Stage 1 of the ontogenetic sequence complete and only two features of Stage 2 present. Unlike the adult specimen, the nasals are completely unossified and the frontoparietal greatly reduced, and while vomerine odontophores are present the posterolateral projection of the frontoparietal is absent. <i>Craugastor omiltemanus</i> likely shares a similar distribution with other <i>Craugastor</i> species endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur (e.g., <i>C. uno</i>; Streicher et al. 2011). Lynch (2000) reports that <i>C. omiltemanus</i> has white testes, but we observed pigmented testes in this species (Table 5). Throughout its range, <i>C. omiltemanus</i> likely co-occurs with <i>C. bitonium, C. mexicanus, C.</i> <i>pygmaeus,</i> and <i>C. saltator</i>. Male <i>C. omiltemanus</i> have significantly larger tympana than do female <i>C. omiltemanus</i> (Lynch 2000; this study).
description: Published as part of <i>Jameson, Tom J. M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Manuelli, Luigi, Head, Jason J. &amp; Smith, Eric N., 2022, Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species, pp. 1-48 in Herpetological Monographs 36 (1)</i> on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.1655/0733-1347-36.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6518587
description: {"references": ["Gunther, A. C. L. G. 1900 a. Reptilia and Batrachia, part 155. Pp. 213 - 220 in Biologia Centrali Americana 7 (O. Salvin and F. D. Godman, eds.). R. H. Porter and Dulau &amp; Co., UK.", "Gunther, A. C. L. G. 1900 b. Reptilia and Batrachia, part 157. Pp. 229 - 236 in Biologia Centrali Americana 7 (O. Salvin and F. D. Godman, eds.). R. H. Porter and Dulau &amp; Co., UK.", "Lynch, J. D. 1970. Taxonomic notes on some Mexican frogs (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae). Herpetologica 26: 172 - 180.", "Crawford, A. J., and E. N. Smith. 2005. Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 536 - 555.", "Lynch, J. D. 2000. The relationships of an ensemble of Guatemalan and Mexican frogs (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae: Amphibia). Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 24: 129 - 156.", "Taylor, E. H. 1941. Some Mexican frogs. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54: 87 - 94.", "Streicher, J. W., J. M. Meik, E. N. Smith, and J. A. Campbell. 2011. Low levels of genetic diversity among morphologically distinct populations of an enigmatic montane frog from Mexico (Craugastor uno: Craugastoridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 32: 125 - 131."]}