cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Setting global research priorities for child protection in humanitarian action: Results from an adapted CHNRI exercise
Creators: name: Bermudez, Laura G.
name: Williamson, Katharine
name: Stark, Lindsay B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Humanitarian assistance
Child welfare
Families
World health
Humanitarianism
Children--Health and hygiene

description: Background
Armed conflict, natural disaster, and forced displacement affect millions of children each year. Such humanitarian crises increase the risk of family separation, erode existing support networks, and often result in economic loss, increasing children’s vulnerability to violence, exploitation, neglect, and abuse. Research is needed to understand these risks and vulnerabilities and guide donor investment towards the most effective interventions for improving the well-being of children in humanitarian contexts.

Methods
The Assessment, Measurement & Evidence (AME) Working Group of the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (ACPHA) identified experts to participate in a research priority setting exercise adapted from the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI). Experts individually identified key areas for research investment which were subsequently ranked by participants using a Likert scale. Research Priority Scores (RPS) and Average Expert Agreement (AEA) were calculated for each identified research topic, the top fifteen of which are presented within this paper.

Results
Intervention research, which aims to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of standard child protection activities in humanitarian settings, ranked highly. Child labor was a key area of sector research with two of the top ten priorities examining the practice. Respondents also prioritized research efforts to understand how best to bridge humanitarian and development efforts for child protection as well as identifying most effective way to build the capacity of local systems in order to sustain child protection gains after a crisis.

Conclusions
Rigorous, scientific research that assesses the scope of child protection risks, examines the effectiveness of interventions to improve child well-being, and translates evidence to practice is critical. Findings from this research priority setting exercise offer guidance for a global research agenda on child protection in humanitarian settings, encouraging cooperation among donors, implementers, and academics to pursue a coordinated approach to evidence generation.
Dirac returns: non-Abelian statistics of vortices with Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Itakura, Kazunori
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors classified as type D admit zero-energy Majorana fermions inside vortex cores, and consequently the exchange statistics of vortices becomes non-Abelian, giving a promising example of non-Abelian anyons. On the other hand, types C and DIII admit zero-energy Dirac fermions inside vortex cores. It has been long believed that an essential condition for the realization of non-Abelian statistics is non-locality of Dirac fermions made of two Majorana fermions trapped inside two well-separated vortices as in the case of type D. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, however, we show that vortices with local Dirac fermions also obey non-Abelian statistics.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Continuous Universality in non-equilibrium relaxational dynamics of O(2) symmetric systems
Creators: name: Sarkar, Niladri
name: Basu, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate a non-conserved relaxational nonequilibrium dynamics of a O(2) symmetric model. We drive the system out of equilibrium by introducing a non-zero noise cross-correlation of amplitude $D_\times$ in a stochastic Langevin description of the system, while maintaining the O(2) symmetry of the order parameter space. By performing dynamic renormalization group calculations in a field-theoretic set up, we analyze the ensuing nonequilibrium steady states and evaluate the scaling exponents near the critical point, which now depend explicitly on $D_\times$. Since the latter remains unrenormalized, we obtain universality classes varying continuously with $D_\times$. More interestingly, by changing $D_\times$ continuously from zero, we can make our system move away from its equilibrium behavior (i.e., when $D_\times=0$) continuously and incrementally.
description: 26 pages in preprint format, 3 eps figures, textual modification has been done, this version has appeared in PRE. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:cond-mat/9807207 by other authors
Galerkin--Chebyshev approximation of Gaussian random fields on compact Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Lang, Annika
name: Pereira, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60G60, 60H35, 60G15, 58J05, 58C40, 41A10, 65C30, 65M60

description: A new numerical approximation method for a class of Gaussian random fields on compact connected oriented Riemannian manifolds is introduced. This class of random fields is characterized by the Laplace--Beltrami operator on the manifold. A Galerkin approximation is combined with a polynomial approximation using Chebyshev series. This so-called Galerkin--Chebyshev approximation scheme yields efficient and generic sampling algorithms for Gaussian random fields on manifolds. Strong and weak orders of convergence for the Galerkin approximation and strong convergence orders for the Galerkin--Chebyshev approximation are shown and confirmed through numerical experiments.
description: Version submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Changes: fixed residual typos, new outline. 33 pages, 5 figures
Primordial black holes in peak theory with a non-Gaussian tail
Creators: name: Kitajima, Naoya
name: Tada, Yuichiro
name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
name: Yoo, Chul-Moon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we update the peak theory for the estimation of the primordial black hole (PBH) abundance, particularly by implementing the critical behavior in the estimation of the PBH mass and employing the averaged compaction function for the PBH formation criterion to relax the profile dependence. We apply our peak theory to a specific non-Gaussian feature called the exponential tail, which is characteristic in ultra slow-roll models of inflation. With this type of non-Gaussianity, the probability of a large perturbation is not suppressed by the Gaussian factor but decays only exponentially, so the PBH abundance is expected to be much enhanced. Not only do we confirm this enhancement even compared to the case of the corresponding nonlinearity parameter $f_\mathrm{NL}=5/2$, but also we find that the resultant PBH mass spectrum has a characteristic maximal mass which is not seen in the simple Press--Schechter approach.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures; v2: published version
title: Brain-first versus Body-first: Exploring aspects of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Kiani, Pardis
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Microbiome
subject: Parkinson's disease
subject: Gut microbiota
subject: Mice
subject: Neurodegenerative diseases
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by the irreversible aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein protein, forming what is known as Lewy Pathology, which is observed in multiple regions of the brain and gut. The “brain-first” and “body-first” hypothesis proposes distinct patterns of Lewy pathology distribution in the early stages of the disease, which categorizes clinical sub-phenotypes of PD. The “brain-first” sub-phenotype is thought to have predominant involvement of the amygdala, while the “body-first” sub-phenotype involves the enteric nervous system. In mouse models, the microbiota has been shown to be involved in promoting α-synuclein pathology and characteristic motor features in PD. This study aims to investigate whether microbiota from PD patients characterized as “brain-first” or “body-first” sub-phenotypes will induce divergent gastrointestinal functions and motor deficits in human microbiome-associated mice. Human PD microbiome-associated mice were generated by performing fecal microbial transfers from “brain-first” and “body-first” PD donors into germ-free C57BL/6 and dbl-PAC-Tg(SNCAA53T)Snca-/- recipient mice. FMT recipient mice were bred and gastrointestinal and motor functions in these offspring were analyzed. In dbl-PAC-Tg(SNCAA53T)Snca-/- mice, slow intestinal transit, indicative of decreased intestine motility, and increased gastrointestinal permeability were observed in “body-first” group compared to “brain-first” sub-phenotype. No significant motor function differences were detected between the two PD sub-phenotypes in these mouse models. Additionally, male dbl-PAC-Tg(SNCAA53T)Snca-/- “body-first” mice demonstrated a better ability to differentiate preferred odors in the olfactory preference test, whereas those colonized with microbiota from "brain-first" PD patients showed more olfactory dysfunction. Together, these results suggest that gut microbiota from PD patients may influence non-motor impairments associated with PD sub-phenotypes.
Cohomology of flag supervarieties and resolutions of determinantal ideals
Creators: name: Sam, Steven V
name: Snowden, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the coherent cohomology of generalized flag supervarieties. Our main observation is that these groups are closely related to the free resolutions of (certain generalizations of) determinantal ideals. In the case of super Grassmannians, we completely compute the cohomology of the structure sheaf: it is composed of the singular cohomology of a Grassmannian and the syzygies of a determinantal variety. The majority of the work involves studying the geometry of an analog of the Grothendieck-Springer resolution associated to the super Grassmannian; this takes place in the world of ordinary (non-super) algebraic geometry. Our work gives a conceptual explanation of the result of Pragacz-Weyman that the syzygies of determinantal ideals admit an action of the general linear supergroup. In a subsequent paper, we will treat other flag supervarieties in detail.
description: 33 pages
Additional file 5 of Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic reveal metabolic pathway alterations in Gymnocypris przewalskii due to cold exposure
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Tian, Fei
name: Qi, Delin
name: Qi, Hongfang
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Shixiao
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5.
Bernhard Riemann 1861 revisited: existence of flat coordinates for an arbitrary bilinear form
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, S.
name: Dacorogna, B.
name: Matveev, V. S.
name: Troyanov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53.1, 53D

description: We generalize the celebrated results of Bernhard Riemann and Gaston Darboux: we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a bilinear form to be flat. More precisely, we give explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for a tensor field of type (0,2) which is not necessary symmetric or skew-symmetric, and is possibly degenerate, to have constant entries in a local coordinate system.
description: 27 pages
Non-symbolic magnitudes are represented spatially: Evidence from a non-symbolic SNARC task
Creators: name: Nemeh, Fiona
name: Humberstone, Judi
name: Yates, Mark
name: Reeve, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognitive science
subject: Short-term memory
subject: Psychometrics
subject: Vision
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: A core proposition in numerical cognition is numbers are represented spatially. Evidence for this proposition comes from the “spatial numerical association of response codes” effect (SNARC) in which faster responses are made by the left/right hand judging whether one of a pair of Arabic digits is smaller/larger than the other. Less is known if a similar SNARC effect exists for non-symbolic magnitudes; and research that has been conducted used stimuli which could be translated into symbolic terms. To overcome this limitation, we employed a referent-to-target judgment paradigm in which a referent dot array (n = 30 dots) was follow by a second array of dots (e.g., n = 45 or 15 dots)–participants judged if the second array contained fewer or more dots than the referent array. Dot arrays with fewer dots were judged more quickly with the left hand compared to the right hand (i.e., a SNARC effect). Not all participants demonstrated a SNARC effect, however. Neither visuospatial working memory nor math ability was associated with the presence/absence of a non-symbolic SNARC effect. Implications of the non-symbolic SNARC effect for accounts of numerical cognition are discussed.
Technical and Data Requirements of Digitalising Scientific Research - Presentation at Smart Labs & Automation 2022
Creators: name: Kanza, Samantha. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ELNs
lab of the future
digitisation
lab books
paper lab notebooks
barriers

description: Presentation given by Dr Samantha P. Kanza on behalf of PSDI at Smart Labs & Automation 2022. Abstract: Making improvements to digitisation is a two-stage problem, we need to encourage people to digitise more, and we need better systems to manage the plethora of electronic data once it makes its way into digital form. This is a very complex matter that cannot be solved by one piece of software. Too many projects and systems look to re-invent the wheel without considering the real issues at hand, barriers to usage or user requirements/barriers. This presentation will explore what users really want, the barriers to digitisation and discuss how we can improve digitisation using the wide array of software packages available today.
From Cocoa Producers to Chocolatiers? Developing an Entrepreneurial Model for Small‐scale Producers in Honduras
Creators: name: Arias, Ricardo Cortez
name: Fromm, Ingrid
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Entrepreneurial intention; cocoa value chain; chocolate; Honduras

description: Purpose ‐ The cocoa value chain exemplifies the imbalances often seen in the global trade of commodities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the likeliness of cocoa growers to become entrepreneurs and chocolatiers and to reflex about the impact this would have in their socioeconomic
context.
Design/Methodology/Approach – This research studies the possibility of entrepreneurial endeavors using the concepts of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) developed by Ajzen (1991). This way, a quantitative model based on the findings from Liñán and Chen (2009) was created, in which the Personal Attitude (PA), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) along with other personal and social variables ‐in this case the Readiness to be an Entrepreneur (RE)‐ affect directly the Entrepreneurial Intention (EI).
Findings – Findings suggest that 75% of the farmers showed Entrepreneurial Intention and other entrepreneurial characteristics such as knowledge of the market, technology and regulatory framework. The existence of an organization of social capital in the same village, run by the wives of the farmers, also
adds to the entrepreneurial intention of the village, since the main goal is to add value and produce chocolate.
Originality/Value – This research provides insight of the mindset shared by Honduran cocoa growers about performing in the chocolate industry. At the same time provides a raw image of the living conditions these individuals face and how their view of the chocolate industry is affected by their need to escape poverty.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Leggett-Garg tests for macrorealism in the quantum harmonic oscillator and more general bound systems
Creators: name: Mawby, Clement
name: Halliwell, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities were introduced to test for the possible presence of macroscopic quantum coherence. Since such effects may be found in various types of macroscopic oscillators, we consider the application of the LG approach to the one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator and also to more general bound systems, using a single dichotomic variable $Q$ given by the sign of the oscillator position. We present a simple method to calculate the temporal correlation functions appearing in the LG inequalities for any bound system for which the eigenspectrum is (exactly or numerically) known. We apply this result to the quantum harmonic oscillator for a variety of experimentally accessible states, namely energy eigenstates, and superpositions thereof. For the subspace of states spanned by only the ground state and first excited state, we readily find substantial regions of parameter space in which the LG inequalities at two, three and four times can each be independently violated or satisfied. We also find that the violations persist, although are reduced, when the sign function defining $Q$ is smeared to reflect experimental imprecision. For higher energy eigenstates, we find that LG violations diminish, showing the expected classicalization. With a $Q$ defined using a more general type of position coarse graining, we find two-time LG violations even in the ground state. We also show that two-time LG violations in a gaussian state are readily found if the dichotomic variable at one of the times is taken to be the parity operator. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, we repeat much of the LG analysis for the Morse potential, finding qualitatively similar physical results.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures
Characterization of the human homozygous R182W POLG2 mutation in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
Creators: name: Hoff, Kirsten E.
name: DeBalsi, Karen L.
name: Sanchez Quintero, Maria Jose
name: Longley, Matthew J.
name: Hirano, Michio
name: Naini, Ali B.
name: Copeland, William C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Mitochondrial DNA
Mutation (Biology)
Cytology
Biochemistry
Fibroblasts

description: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been linked to a variety of metabolic, neurological and muscular diseases which can present at any time throughout life. MtDNA is replicated by DNA polymerase gamma (Pol γ), twinkle helicase and mitochondrial single-stranded binding protein (mtSSB). The Pol γ holoenzyme is a heterotrimer consisting of the p140 catalytic subunit and a p55 homodimeric accessory subunit encoded by the nuclear genes POLG and POLG2, respectively. The accessory subunits enhance DNA binding and promote processive DNA synthesis of the holoenzyme. Mutations in either POLG or POLG2 are linked to disease and adversely affect maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, resulting in depletion, deletions and/or point mutations in mtDNA. A homozygous mutation located at Chr17: 62492543G>A in POLG2, resulting in R182W substitution in p55, was previously identified to cause mtDNA depletion and fatal hepatic liver failure. Here we characterize this homozygous R182W p55 mutation using in vivo cultured cell models and in vitro biochemical assessments. Compared to control fibroblasts, homozygous R182W p55 primary dermal fibroblasts exhibit a two-fold slower doubling time, reduced mtDNA copy number and reduced levels of POLG and POLG2 transcripts correlating with the reported disease state. Expression of R182W p55 in HEK293 cells impairs oxidative-phosphorylation. Biochemically, R182W p55 displays DNA binding and association with p140 similar to WT p55. R182W p55 mimics the ability of WT p55 to stimulate primer extension, support steady-state nucleotide incorporation, and suppress the exonuclease function of Pol γ in vitro. However, R182W p55 has severe defects in protein stability as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry and in stimulating function as determined by thermal inactivation. These data demonstrate that the Chr17: 62492543G>A mutation in POLG2, R182W p55, severely impairs stability of the accessory subunit and is the likely cause of the disease phenotype.
Setipinna taty USMFC
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Clupeiformes
Engraulidae
Setipinna
Setipinna taty

description: Setipinna taty (Valenciennes, 1848) Figure 3E Material examined. MALAYSIA • 1, 141 mm TL; Kedah State, Merbok, Pompang Sungai Merbok; 05.664°N, 100.381°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (82) 00047. Identification. A moderate sized species of anchovy (maximum SL <200 mm); body strongly laterally compressed; longer than deeper; very large mouth, its corner well behind the eye; anal fin rays 18 or 19; belly strongly keeled with 22–27 prepelvic scutes and 11 or 12 postpelvic scutes; gill rakers 18–20 only (on first gill arch); scales present on dorsal and anal fins; pectoral fin with a long filament reaching the posterior half of the anal fin; body uniformly silver sometimes orangish; no silver longitudinal stripe; no dark pigment line on back (Whitehead et al. 1988). The presence of a long pectoral filament makes it easy to separate S. taty from other species of anchovy recorded from the Merbok estuary. Setipinna taty is a predominantly coastal marine species although commonly frequenting brackish ecosystems of this region; it does not seem to form large school. Otherwise, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region (Whitehead et al. 1988).
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 611, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
description: {"references": ["Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ, Wongratana T (1988) FAO species catalogue vol 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt. 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125 (7): 305 - 579."]}
On the mechanism of hard X-ray emission from magnetars
Creators: name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Persistent activity of magnetars is associated with electric discharge that continually injects relativistic particles into the magnetosphere. Large active magnetic loops around magnetars must be filled with outflowing particles that interact with radiation via resonant scattering and spawn electron-positron pairs. The outflow energy is processed into copious e+- until the plasma enters outer parts of the loop where the magnetic field is reduced below 10^13 G. In the outer zone, photons scattered by the outflow do not convert to e+- pairs and the outflow radiates its energy away. The escaping radiation forms a distinct hard X-ray peak in the magnetar spectrum. It has the following features: (1) Its luminosity L=10^35-10^36 erg/s can easily exceed the thermal luminosity from the magnetar surface. (2) Its spectrum extends from 10 keV to the MeV band with a hard spectral slope, which depends on the object inclination to the line of sight. (3) The anisotropic hard X-ray emission exhibits strong pulsations as the magnetar spins. (4) The emission spectrum typically peaks around 1 MeV, but the peak position significantly oscillates with the spin period. (5) The emission is dominated by the extraordinary polarization mode at photon energies below 1 MeV. (6) The decelerated pairs accumulate and annihilate at the top of the magnetic loop, and emit the 511-keV line with luminosity L_ann\sim0.1L. Features (1)-(3) agree with available data; (4)-(6) can be tested by future observations.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ
Searches for sterile neutrinos with IceCube DeepCore
Creators: name: Razzaque, Soebur
name: Smirnov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that study of the atmospheric neutrinos in the 10--100 GeV energy range by DeepCore sub-array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory can substantially constrain the mixing of sterile neutrinos of mass $\sim 1$ eV with active neutrinos. In the scheme with one sterile neutrino we calculate $ν_μ-$ and $\barν_μ-$ oscillation probabilities as well as zenith angle distributions of $ν_μ^{CC}$ events in different energy intervals in DeepCore. The distributions depend on the mass hierarchy of active neutrinos. Therefore, in principle, the hierarchy can be identified, if $ν_s$ exists. After a few years of exposure the DeepCore data will allow to exclude the mixing $|U_{μ4}|^2 \geq 0.02$ indicated by the LSND/MiniBooNE results. Combination of the DeepCore and high energy IceCube data will further improve sensitivity to $ν_s$ mixing parameters.
description: PDFLaTeX, 6 pages, 6 PDF figures, minor comments added, accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 6 of Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic reveal metabolic pathway alterations in Gymnocypris przewalskii due to cold exposure
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Tian, Fei
name: Qi, Delin
name: Qi, Hongfang
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Shixiao
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6.
Slums: Disassembling the Concept
Creators: name: De Castro Mazarro, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Slums
Architecture--Language
City planning
Poverty

description: The idea that language constructs realities is almost commonplace. When looking at problematic contexts, however, the urgency to find a solution makes us forget that language also constructed this reality. By analyzing the concept of ‘slum,’ this text explains that its construction as a massive problem at a global level demanded an ambiguity that allowed it to adapt both to the different realities and to the expansive interests of the global agencies in charge of solving it.
Short-term traffic prediction using physics-aware neural networks
Creators: name: Pereira, Mike
name: Lang, Annika
name: Kulcsár, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we propose an algorithm performing short-term predictions of the flux of vehicles on a stretch of road, using past measurements of the flux. This algorithm is based on a physics-aware recurrent neural network. A discretization of a macroscopic traffic flow model (using the so-called Traffic Reaction Model) is embedded in the architecture of the network and yields flux predictions based on estimated and predicted space-time dependent traffic parameters. These parameters are themselves obtained using a succession of LSTM ans simple recurrent neural networks. Besides, on top of the predictions, the algorithm yields a smoothing of its inputs which is also physically-constrained by the macroscopic traffic flow model. The algorithm is tested on raw flux measurements obtained from loop detectors.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
title: First Measurement of Antihydrogen Free Fall Using a Radial Time Projection Chamber
Creators: name: Woosaree, Pooja Devi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Antihydrogen
subject: Time Projection Chamber
subject: Antimatter
subject: Testing Fundamental Symmetries
subject: Weak Equivalence Principle
subject: Vertex Reconstructions
subject: Laser Calibration
subject: Neutral Atom Trapping
subject: Track Reconstructions
subject: Physics--Atomic
subject: Physics--Nuclear
subject: Elementary Particles and High Energy

description: Using antihydrogen, an apparatus known as ALPHA-g was designed to test Einstein's Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP), where the acceleration due to gravity that a body experiences is independent of its structure or composition. A measurement of the gravitational mass of antimatter has never been done before, as previous experiments used charged particles, which meant the experiments were dominated by electromagnetic forces. The ALPHA-g apparatus uses electrically neutral antihydrogen atoms produced in a vertical Penning-Malmberg trap and trapped in a magnetic minimum trap. By measuring the antihydrogen annihilation positions after a controlled magnetic release of the atoms, the gravitational mass of antihydrogen can be determined. Annihilation positions are reconstructed using a radial time projection chamber (rTPC) surrounding the trapping volume. ALPHA-g was used to complete a successful run in 2022 in the pursuit of measuring the gravitational mass of antihydrogen. The results of this experiment are discussed in this thesis To accurately determine vertical annihilation positions used in the gravity measurement, precise detector calibrations are needed. A laser calibration system was developed and used to gather drift time data in the rTPC, which resulted in drift time measurements and the Lorentz displacement, both of which were used in vertex reconstruction analyses to accurately determine the antihydrogen annihilation positions. Simulations were used to determine the expected electron drift time and Lorentz displacement. Using a Garfield++ toolkit, these observables were simulated from electrons drifting through the gas portion of the ALPHA-g rTPC. Further improvements were made to the reconstruction software to optimise the detector resolution and the number of reconstructed vertices. These methods ultimately led to a free fall direction experiment that concluded antihydrogen fell down on Earth. The experiment was also used to make a preliminary measurement on the gravitational acceleration of a_g = (0:75+/-0:13(statistical + systematic)+/-0:16(simulation))g, where g = 9:81 m/s^2 [1]. Further precision measurements are underway using ALPHA-g to precisely determine the gravitational mass of antihydrogen. Measuring the free-fall direction and gravitational mass of antihydrogen leads the way to a better understanding of the fundamental symmetries in nature, such as the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
Inspiring Trust and Risk in Online Discussion -- #itsi18
Creators: name: Marquart, Matthea S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Classroom environment
Web-based instruction
Trust

description: How can you build a respectful and supportive classroom community that encourages participation from all students and deepens opportunities for peer learning? Drawing from how community was created in an online course on racial identity development at the School of Social Work, this interactive session will consider how to build community in courses across a variety of departments. Participants will have the chance to reflect on how to apply the lessons from this session to assignment design and implementation.

Marquart, M. (2018, June 12). Inspiring trust and risk in online discussion.  Workshop presented at the Columbia University Center for Teaching and Learning's 2018 Innovative Teaching Summer Institute, New York, NY.
Measuring GHG Emissions Across the Agri‐Food Sector Value Chain: The Development of a Bioeconomy Input‐Output Model
Creators: name: O’Donoghue, Cathal
name: Chyzheuskaya, Aksana
name: Grealis, Eoin
name: Kilcline, Kevin
name: Finnegan, William
name: Goggins, James
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Ryan, Mary
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bio‐economic Input‐Output; LCA, Agri‐Food Value Chain; Disaggregation methodology

description: Increasing food production to meet rising global demand while minimising negative environmental impacts such as agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the greatest challenges facing the agri‐food sector. Sustainable food production relates not only to primary production, but also has wider value chain implications. An
input‐output (IO) model is a modelling framework which contains information on the flow of goods and services across a value chain at a regional or national economy level. This paper provides a detailed description of the development of a Bioeconomy IO (BIO) model which is disaggregated across the subs‐sectors of the agri‐food value
chain and environmentally extended (EE) to examine environmental outputs, including GHG emissions, We focus on Ireland, where emissions from agriculture comprise 33% of national GHG emissions and where there has been a major expansion and transformation in agriculture supported by national and EU policy. In a substantial Annex to this paper, we describe the modelling assumptions made in developing the BIO model. Breaking up the value chain into components, we find that most value is generated at the processing stage of the value chain, with greater
processing value in more sophisticated value chains such as dairy processing. On the other hand, emissions are in general highest in primary production, albeit emissions from purchased animal feed are higher for poultry than for other value chains, given the lower animal based emissions from poultry than from cows or sheep. The level of
disaggregation also shows that the sub‐sectors are themselves discrete value chains. The analysis highlights that emissions per unit of output are much higher for beef and sheep meat value chains than for pig and poultry. The analysis facilitated by the BIO model also allows for the mapping of emissions along the agri‐food value chain using the adapted IO EE approach. Such analysis is valuable in identifying emissions ‘hot‐spots’ along the value chains and analysing potential avenues for emission efficiencies.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
The nature of the β-peak in the loss modulus of amorphous solids
Creators: name: Cohen, Yossi
name: Karmakar, Smarajit
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Samwer, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glass formers exhibit, upon an oscillatory excitation, a response function whose imaginary and real parts are known as the loss and storage moduli respectively. The loss modulus typically peaks at a frequency known as the αfrequency which is associated with the main relaxation mechanism of the super-cooled liquid. In addition, the loss modulus is decorated by a smaller peak, shoulder or wing which is referred to as the β-peak. The physical origin of this secondary peak had been debated for decades, with proposed mechanisms ranging from highly localized relaxations to entirely cooperative ones. Using numerical simulations we bring an end to the debate, exposing a clear and unique cooperative mechanism for the said β-peak which is distinct from that of the $α$-peak.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Stolephorus tri
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Clupeiformes
Engraulidae
Stolephorus
Stolephorus tri

description: Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852) Figure 3F Material examined. MALAYSIA • 1, 94 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (82) 00039. Identification. Species recently rediagnosed by Hata et al. (2020); a small species of anchovy (maximum TL about 100 mm); body elongated and compressed; large mouth, its corner behind the eye; anal fin short with three unbranched and 15–19 branched fin rays, its origin below about middle of dorsal fin base; gill rakers 32–39 (on first gill arch); posterior tip of the maxilla pointed reaching or beyond posterior margin of opercle; small predorsal scute and pelvic scute with spine, belly not keeled; small needle-like prepelvic scutes 4–6, no post-pelvic scutes; body light greyish/brownish with a silver stripe from the opercular margin to caudal-fin base; a pair of blackish patches behind occiput followed by a pair of black pigment lines on back; caudal fin whitish-yellow with black margins; no black spots on suborbital area or lower-jaw tip. Stolephorus tri is identifiable from all other species of Stolephorus (except S. dubiosus) occurring in the Merbok estuary by the spine-like predorsal and pelvic scutes. Stolephorus tri can be distinguished from S. dubiosus by its lower number of gill rakers. A common coastal species which frequently occurs in brackish environments. Stolephorus tri is distributed in the central part of the Indo West Pacific region (Hata et al. 2020).
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on pages 613-615, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
description: {"references": ["Hata H, Lavoue S, Motomura H (2020) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 67: 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7"]}
The moderating role of socioeconomic status on motivation of adolescents’ foreign language learning strategy use
Creators: name: Shin, Hye Won
name: So, Youngsoon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Students--Social conditions
Motivation in education
Teenagers--Attitudes
Learning strategies

description: Previous research has amply established the link between motivation and learning strategy with regards to language learning. However, there have been few investigations into the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in second or foreign language learning. Using questionnaire data on an 8th grade cohort (N ¼ 203, female ¼ 110) from a large urban community in South Korea, we investigated SES as a moderator of the relationship between motivational orientation and language learning strategy use among adolescent students. A series of hierarchical linear models provided empirical evidence that, when drawing only on intrinsic motivation, low-SES adolescents tended to make relatively high use of social strategies. High-SES students, on the other hand, generally showed higher levels of effort, mastery goal orientation, and internal control, and they made greater use of cognitive, metacognitive, compensatory, and social strategies. These findings suggest that an adolescent's SES does affect the relationship between motivation and the use of various language learning strategies; they also suggest the need for greater fostering of low-SES students who are learning foreign languages.
First Measurements of Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged Current Differential Cross Sections on Argon
Creators: name: Anderson, C.
name: Antonello, M.
name: Baller, B.
name: Bolton, T.
name: Bromberg, C.
name: Cavanna, F.
name: Church, E.
name: Edmunds, D.
name: Ereditato, A.
name: Farooq, S.
name: Fleming, B.
name: Greenlee, H.
name: Guenette, R.
name: Haug, S.
name: Horton-Smith, G.
name: James, C.
name: Klein, E.
name: Lang, K.
name: Laurens, P.
name: Linden, S.
name: McKee, D.
name: Mehdiyev, R.
name: Page, B.
name: Palamara, O.
name: Partyka, K.
name: Patch, A.
name: Rameika, G.
name: Rebel, B.
name: Rossi, B.
name: Soderberg, M.
name: Spitz, J.
name: Szelc, A. M.
name: Weber, M.
name: Yang, T.
name: Zeller, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ArgoNeuT collaboration presents the first measurements of inclusive muon neutrino charged current differential cross sections on argon. Obtained in the NuMI neutrino beamline at Fermilab, the results are reported in terms of outgoing muon angle and momentum. The data are consistent with the Monte Carlo expectation across the full range of kinematics sampled, $0^\circ$$
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Troubling the Pixel
Creators: name: Yeomans, Tanya Michelle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: boreal forest
subject: fiber art
subject: site-specific art
subject: satellites
subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Fine Arts
subject: Geography

description: Monitoring vegetation recovery in forested environments can be done effectively with satellite time series data. However, most research in this space has relied on Landsat imagery, which has a 30-meter pixel size. Emerging CubeSat technology has much finer spatial resolution and offers new possibilities for monitoring vegetation on small industrial disturbances such as well pads and seismic lines. These features are associated with hydrocarbon exploration and are some of the most extensive disturbances in Alberta’s forests. We used PlanetScope satellite imagery to classify vegetation on small industrial disturbance features across a 309-km2 study area in northern Alberta as either growing or declining, and validated our results with LiDAR data. We found that recovery classification on medium-sized well pad features was significantly better than for medium and narrow linear features. We also found that disturbances in some ecosite types (low-density treed wetland, upland mesic, and upland dry sites) were easier to classify than others (transitional and wetland treed) and that linear features oriented in a north-south direction were easier to classify than those oriented east-west. Our research demonstrated that 58% of pixels on disturbed linear features in our study area displayed some degree of spectral regeneration, alongside 76% of the evaluated pixels on wellpads. We believe that the privilege of working with this emergent imagery comes with a responsibility to think deeply on how we use, transform, and interpret the data. To investigate the intersection between landscape, technology, and people, we employed arts-based research methods to trouble the pixel – the fundamental data unit in our remote-sensing research. By creating a textile pixel and documenting it in our study area, we were able to reflect on the parallel methodologies at play in our work, and to identify practical interventions into our scientific practice that allows us to more deeply engage with our data. This includes providing care instructions for our scientific products, slowing down our processes with manual tasks, and dedicating time to witness our data in-situ. Our hope is that through sharing our experiments in investigating our positionality to remote sensing, others are encouraged to reflect on their own practices.
Additional file 2 of Water extract from processed Polygonum multiflorum modulate gut microbiota and glucose metabolism on insulin resistant rats
Creators: name: Gu, Wen
name: Yang, Min
name: Bi, Qian
name: Zeng, Lin-Xi
name: Wang, Xi
name: Dong, Jin-Cai
name: Li, Feng-Jiao
name: Yang, Xing-Xin
name: Li, Jing-Ping
name: Yu, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. The Oral glucose tolerance test. Fig. A shows the OGTT curve, Fig. B shows the area under curve of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of each experimental group. Compared with the model group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, and ### P < 0.001.
Intercultural Challenges in Consumer Research in the Food Sector: The Case of Japanese Rice
Creators: name: Meixner, Oliver
name: Tresky, Magdalena
name: Haghirian, Parissa
name: Haas, Rainer
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2019
Subjects: Japan; rice; discrete choice modeling; choice based conjoint analysis; estimation of utilities; consumer survey

description: Within the study, we show that it is quite demanding to conduct consumer surveys abroad, in particular, if the targeted society differs in so many ways compared to the domestic market. This contribution presents results of a study analyzing consumer behavior in the Japanese rice market. The main focus was set on the evaluation of
preferences of Japanese consumers when buying rice. Amongst others, one core attribute was origin which is actually a prominent attribute in Western European food markets. To approximate the impact of relevant attributes influencing consumers’ purchasing decision (origin, brand, quality seals and price), we conducted a discrete choice experiment with Japanese consumers, mainly living in urban areas.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 10, No 1 (2019)