cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Creators: name: Viju, Crina
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Mekkaoui, Cherine
name: Viju, Crina
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Mekkaoui, Cherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Canada
subject: EU trade
subject: agreement

description: Most observers agree that the major areas where gains can be made in CETA are in the services sector and selected areas of manufacturing. It seems unlikely that CETA will be as all encompassing as the NAFTA with only a few agricultural products excluded from full tariff elimination. Still, it sends a bad signal if some trade liberalization is not achieved in agriculture and with a long implementation period no reason not to make progress. The major gains in agriculture are likely to be in niche markets which taken individually are small but in aggregate could provide a boost to Canadian agriculture. Most importantly, a trade agreement with the potential to open a rich market with 500 million consumers to the wide range of products and services exported by Canada cannot afford to be hijacked by challenging negotiations in agriculture.
Advanced Determinant Calculus: A Complement
Creators: name: Krattenthaler, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 05A19; Secondary 05A10 05A15 05A17 05A18 05A30 05E10 05E15 11B68 11B73 11C20 11Y60 15A15 33C45 33D45 33E05

description: This is a complement to my previous article "Advanced Determinant Calculus" (Séminaire Lotharingien Combin. 42 (1999), Article B42q, 67 pp.). In the present article, I share with the reader my experience of applying the methods described in the previous article in order to solve a particular problem from number theory (G. Almkvist, J. Petersson and the author, Experiment. Math. 12 (2003), 441-456). Moreover, I add a list of determinant evaluations which I consider as interesting, which have been found since the appearance of the previous article, or which I failed to mention there, including several conjectures and open problems.
description: AmS-LaTeX, 85 pages; Final, largely revised version
Nuclear star formation in the quasar PG1126-041 from adaptive optics assisted spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cresci, G.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Granato, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present adaptive optics assisted spectroscopy of three quasars obtained with NACO at VLT. The high angular resolution achieved with the adaptive optics (~0.08"), joined to the diagnostic power of near-IR spectroscopy, allow us to investigate the properties of the innermost 100 pc of these quasars. In the quasar with the best adaptive optics correction, PG1126-041, we spatially resolve the Pa-alpha emission within the nuclear 100 pc. The comparison with higher excitation lines suggests that the narrow Pa-alpha emission is due to nuclear star formation. The inferred intensity of the nuclear star formation (13 M(sun)/yr) may account for most of the far-IR luminosity observed in this quasar.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Commodity Price Volatility: The Impact of Commodity Index Traders
Creators: name: Getu, Hailu
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Getu, Hailu
name: Weersink, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: commodity
subject: index futures
subject: trading
subject: volatility

description: Over the years, critics have argued that futures market prices have been either too low or too high. Speculators have often been the target for the wrath of those feeling the futures price does not properly reflect market fundamentals. Recently, the criticism has been vented toward a new type of speculator that has been blamed for the dramatic changes in agricultural commodity prices experienced over the last several years. Commodity index traders (CITs) and other large institutional traders are commonly accused of exerting a destabilizing influence on commodity prices. The intensity of the debate over the role of CITs appeared to wane with the reduction in commodity prices since 2008 but the recent release of a well-publicized OECD report on the issue by Irwin and Sanders (2010) along with the doubling of wheat prices and the claim by von Braun (2010) and others that the rise was due to speculative activity has renewed the debate.
$q$-analogue of modified KP hierarchy and its quasi-classical limit
Creators: name: Takasaki, Kanehisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A $q$-analogue of the tau function of the modified KP hierarchy is defined by a change of independent variables. This tau function satisfies a system of bilinear $q$-difference equations. These bilinear equations are translated to the language of wave functions, which turn out to satisfy a system of linear $q$-difference equations. These linear $q$-difference equations are used to formulate the Lax formalism and the description of quasi-classical limit. These results can be generalized to a $q$-analogue of the Toda hierarchy. The results on the $q$-analogue of the Toda hierarchy might have an application to the random partition calculus in gauge theories and topological strings.
description: latex2e, a4 paper 15 pages, no figure; (v2) a few references are added
Constraint-Based Regularization of Neural Networks
Creators: name: Leimkuhler, Benedict
name: Pouchon, Timothée
name: Vlaar, Tiffany
name: Storkey, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method for efficiently incorporating constraints into a stochastic gradient Langevin framework for the training of deep neural networks. Constraints allow direct control of the parameter space of the model. Appropriately designed, they reduce the vanishing/exploding gradient problem, control weight magnitudes and stabilize deep neural networks and thus improve the robustness of training algorithms and the generalization capabilities of the trained neural network. We present examples of constrained training methods motivated by orthogonality preservation for weight matrices and explicit weight normalizations. We describe the methods in the overdamped formulation of Langevin dynamics and the underdamped form, in which momenta help to improve sampling efficiency. The methods are explored in test examples in image classification and natural language processing.
description: T. Vlaar won best student paper award at OPT2020
Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the World Trade Organization: The Law, The Issues and The Evidence
Creators: name: Sawka, Alison L.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Sawka, Alison L.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: country of origin
subject: marks of origin
subject: protectionism
subject: Technical Barriers to Trade
subject: supply chains
subject: WTO

description: Canada and Mexico are formally challenging US country of origin (COOL) legislation at the World Trade Organization. The industries most affected by COOL are beef and pork. The effect of COOL on North American cross border supply chains is outlined. The areas of international trade law upon which a challenge could be mounted are explained and the key issues that a disputes panel would have to determine indicated. The nature of the evidence that may be required to bolster Canada’s case is outlined.
Cold gas in the Milky Way's nuclear wind
Creators: name: Di Teodoro, Enrico M.
name: McClure-Griffiths, Naomi M.
name: Lockman, Felix J.
name: Armillotta, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The centre of the Milky Way is the site of several high-energy processes that have strongly impacted the inner regions of our Galaxy. Activity from the super-massive black hole, Sgr A*, and/or stellar feedback from the inner molecular ring expel matter and energy from the disc in the form of a galactic wind. Multiphase gas has been observed within this outflow, from hot highly-ionized, to warm ionized and cool atomic gas. To date, however, there has been no evidence of the cold and dense molecular phase. Here we report the first detection of molecular gas outflowing from the centre of our Galaxy. This cold material is associated with atomic hydrogen clouds travelling in the nuclear wind. The morphology and the kinematics of the molecular gas, resolved on ~1 pc scale, indicate that these clouds are mixing with the warmer medium and are possibly being disrupted. The data also suggest that the mass of molecular gas driven out is not negligible and could impact the rate of star formation in the central regions. The presence of this cold, dense, high-velocity gas is puzzling, as neither Sgr A* at its current level of activity, nor star formation in the inner Galaxy seem viable sources for this material.
description: Published in the August 19 issue of Nature. This is the authors' version before final edits. Published version is available at http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2595-z
The Rise and Citation Impact of astro-ph in Major Journals
Creators: name: Metcalfe, Travis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rise in the use of the arXiv preprint server (astro-ph) over the past decade has led to a major shift in the way astronomical research is disseminated. Schwarz & Kennicutt (2004) recently found that Astrophysical Journal papers posted to astro-ph are cited roughly twice as often as papers that are not posted, suggesting that the preprint server has become the primary resource for many astronomers to keep up with the literature. I describe a simple method to determine the adoption rate and citation impact of astro-ph over time for any journal using NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS). I use the ADS to document the rise in the adoption of astro-ph for three major astronomy journals, and to conduct a broad survey of the citation impact of astro-ph in 13 different journals. I find that the factor of two boost in citations for astro-ph papers is a common feature across most of the major astronomy journals.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, accepted for publication in BAAS
Detecting COOL Impacts on US-Canada Bilateral Hog and Pork Trade Flows
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Felt, Marie-Helene
name: Rude, James
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Felt, Marie-Helene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Country of origin labelling
subject: Structural change
subject: North American hog/pork sector

description: Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) regulation has been applied in the United States meat sector since October 2008. The industry must label beef, lamb and pork (ground meat and muscle cuts) sold through retail outlets according to its country of origin. The labelling requirements create differentiation at the retail level and may impose additional costs on producers, processors and retailers in the U.S. and elsewhere. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate whether there has been structural change in U.S. import demand for Canadian hog/pork products. Given that COOL has been in place for a limited period of time, we implement statistical procedures that are robust to structural change occurring at the end of the sample. We find evidence that COOL has impacted U.S./Canada slaughter hog trade flows. While Canadian feeder hog prices appear to have declined concurrently with the introduction of COOL, statistical hypothesis testing found little evidence of structural change for feeder hog trade flows that could be associated with COOL.
The meaning and experience of voluntary childlessness for married couples
Creators: name: Mawson, Diana L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry investigated the meaning and lived experience of voluntary childlessness for married couples. The extant literature on childlessness is dated, and although popular and academic works offer more recent descriptions of this life choice among women, there remains a paucity of contemporary information regarding childfree couples and men. This study thus extends our understanding of how the childless by choice construct meaningful lives. The purpose of the study was to illuminate the underlying meaning of voluntary childlessness among married couples. The study also explored whether meaning-making differed between men and women, and how they created meanings of their voluntary childlessness as married couples. Eight couples volunteered to describe their daily lives without children, in individual spousal and conjoint interviews. The findings of this study emerged from a guided existential reflection founded on four existentials of human experience: lived body, lived relation, lived space, and lived time. Descriptive themes that illuminated the daily lives of these childless couples are presented within each lived existential. Although the participants did not appear to directly value childlessness as a source of meaning in daily living, analysis of their accounts revealed two prominent meaning-themes that encompassed the materials contained within the four existentials. The first meta-theme of meaning was freedom, the expression of autonomy and choice in daily living. The second meta-theme complemented that of freedom, that is, the compelling drive to live a responsible life. In effect, the adults in the study described a balance between their commitments to autonomous strivings, and demonstration of accountability and contribution to society outside the parameters of parenthood. Results are discussed as they relate to research and writing on intentional childlessness, and to established psychological theories of adult development. Overall, the findings suggest that the voluntarily childless adults in this study derived meaning from autonomous and generative acts that are similar in purpose to the strivings for mastery, control, and generativity that have been traditionally associated with parents in mid-life.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON THE CANADIAN CHICKEN MARKET: TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF CHICKEN AND STOCHASTIC WORLD PRICES
Creators: name: Rafajlovic, Juanita
name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
name: Rafajlovic, Juanita
name: Cardwell, Ryan T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO
subject: chicken
subject: Canada
subject: model
subject: trade

description: Current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) World Trade Organisation negotiations include proposals that would affect the trade barriers that protect Canada’s chicken producers from foreign competition. This research analyses the effects of the most recent proposals to emerge from the DDA negotiation on Canada’s chicken industry. We develop a partial-equilibrium model that generates welfare effects for the Canadian chicken industry supply chain. We also introduce stochastic prices to evaluate the effects of world price instability on the Canadian chicken industry. The model is also adapted to represent chicken as two distinct products; white meat and dark meat. Simulation results suggest that the welfare effects of the DDA proposals on the Canadian chicken industry would be small, providing that chicken receives the sensitive products designation. Liberalisation leads to higher total welfare in the chicken industry, which is accounted for by consumer welfare that increases by a larger amount than producer welfare decreases. These results hold across models that incorporate risk and that differentiate products.
Cap-and-Trade: The Evolution of an Economic Idea
Creators: name: Tietenberg, Tom
name: Tietenberg, Tom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: emissions trading
subject: cap-and-trade
subject: climate policy

description: Over the past three decades or so, emissions trading has evolved from an idea that was little more than an academic curiosity to its current role as the centerpiece of the U.S. program to control acid rain and international programs to control greenhouse gases. This essay identifies some of the key milestones of this evolution, describes how that evolution was shaped by economic analysis, elicits some of the lessons about the design and effectiveness of emissions trading that have emerged from analysis of that evolution, and points out a few of the barriers that lie in the path of achieving a truly global carbon market.
Experimental quantum key distribution over highly noisy channels
Creators: name: Lamoureux, L. P.
name: Brainis, E.
name: Cerf, N.
name: Emplit, Ph.
name: Haelterman, M.
name: Massar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Error filtration is a method for encoding the quantum state of a single particle into a higher dimensional Hilbert space in such a way that it becomes less sensitive to phase noise. We experimentally demonstrate this method by distributing a secret key over an optical fiber whose noise level otherwise precludes secure quantum key distribution. By filtering out the phase noise, a bit error rate of 15.3% +/- 0.1%, which is beyond the security limit, can be reduced to 10.6% +/- 0.1%, thereby guaranteeing the cryptographic security.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Comparing Parts with the Whole: Willingness to Pay for Pesticide-Free, Non-GM, and Organic Potatoes and Sweet Corn
Creators: name: Bernard, John C.
name: Bernard, Daria J.
name: Bernard, John C.
name: Bernard, Daria J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: auction experiments
subject: organic
subject: pesticides
subject: potatoes
subject: sweet corn
subject: willingness to pay

description: Auction experiments were used to investigate demand relationships and willingness to pay (WTP) for four versions of potatoes and sweet corn—conventional, organic, and two parts of organic: no pesticides and non-genetically modified (non-GM). Elasticities showed strong and asymmetric substitute relationships between organic and its parts. Combined premiums of the parts were not significantly different than the whole organic premium, suggesting WTP for the attributes are not additive. A two-stage heteroskedastic tobit model found significant WTP for each part dependent on demographics and beliefs about conventional versions. Results suggest segments for parts of organic could be established alongside the whole.
The C*-envelope of the tensor algebra of a directed graph
Creators: name: Katsoulis, Elias
name: Kribs, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an arbitrary countable directed graph $G$ we prove the C*-envelope of the tensor algebra $T_+(G)$ coincides with the universal Cuntz-Krieger algebra associated with $G$. Our approach is concrete in nature and does not rely on Hilbert module machinery. We show how our results extend to the case of higher rank graphs, where an analogous result is obtained for the tensor algebra of a row-finite $k$-graph with no sources.
description: 15 pages, one reference added, one minor correction
Additional file 1 of No one accelerometer-based physical activity data collection protocol can fit all research questions
Creators: name: Bergman, Patrick
name: Hagströmer, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material 1. Outcome from ICC and level 3 calculations. Supplementary material 2. the outcome from the SEM calculations for random seven days, the first week of measurement and three days from the first week of measurement.
Accounting for Product Substitution in the Analysis of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity
Creators: name: Miao, Zhen
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Miao, Zhen
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: discretionary calories
subject: fat
subject: food demand
subject: health policy nutrition
subject: low-fat
subject: low-sugar substitutes
subject: obesity
subject: sugar
subject: sweeteners
subject: tax.

description: We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. First, we incorporate the implicit substitution between sugar and fat nutrients implied by a complete food demand system and by conditioning on how food taxes affect total calorie intake. Second, we propose a methodology that accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a demand system in addition to substitution among food groups. Simulations of a tax on added sugars show that the impact of the tax on consumption patterns is understated and the effect on welfare loss overstated when abstracting from this substitution within food groups.
The Role of Specialty Food Stores and Farmers' Markets in the Procurement of Local Foods
Creators: name: Wixson, Sarah E.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Wixson, Sarah E.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
name: Hu, Wuyang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food Stores
subject: Farmers Markets
subject: Local Foods

description: The demand for locally produced foods has been increasing. Concurrently, specialty food stores focusing on specific food attributes have also grown in popularity along with farmers’ markets. This study examines how the importance that consumers place on whether specific foods are locally produced affects the likelihood to shop at specialty food stores and farmers’ markets. The major findings indicate that consumers who value locally produced fruits and vegetables are more likely to shop at these markets. Therefore, these markets are well positioned within local food networks to take advantage of the increasing demand for local foods, particularly for fresh products.
Convective Differential Rotation in Stars and Planets I: Theory
Creators: name: Jermyn, Adam S.
name: Chitre, Shashikumar M.
name: Lesaffre, Pierre
name: Tout, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the scaling of differential rotation in both slowly- and rapidly-rotating convection zones using order of magnitude methods. Our calculations apply across stars and fluid planets and all rotation rates, as well as to both magnetized and purely hydrodynamic systems. We find shear $|R\nablaΩ|$ of order the angular frequency $Ω$ for slowly-rotating systems with $Ω\ll |N|$, where $N$ is the \brvs\ frequency, and find that it declines as a power-law in $Ω$ for rapidly-rotating systems with $Ω\gg |N|$. We further calculate the meridional circulation rate and baroclinicity and examine the magnetic field strength in the rapidly rotating limit. Our results are in general agreement with simulations and observations and we perform a detailed comparison with those in a companion paper.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in MNRAS. Comments welcome
XALQARO BUXGALTERIYA STANDARTLARI BO'YICHA QO'SHMA KORXONALARDA ASOSIY VOSITALARNI HISOBGA OLISHNING O'ZIGA XOS YONDASHUVLARI
Creators: name: Yusupov Asror Maxmanazar o'g'li "INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF FINANCE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE" MCHJ institutining "Buxgalteriya hisobi" kafedrasi v.b dotsenti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada qo‘shma korxonalarda asosiy vositalarni hisobga olishda moliyaviy hisobotning xalqaro standartlarini (MHXS) qo‘llash masalalari o‘rganilib, O‘zbekistonda ushbu standartlarning joriy etilishiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston moliyaviy tizimlarini modernizatsiya qilishni davom ettirar ekan, 16-BMS (Asosiy vositalar), 11-IFRS (Qo‘shma kelishuvlar) va 28-IAS Tadqiqot qo‘shma korxonalar va qo‘shma korxonalarda asosiy vositalar qanday hisobga olinishi, O‘zbekiston kabi rivojlanayotgan bozorlar BHMSni qabul qilishda duch keladigan qiyinchiliklar va imkoniyatlarni ham muhokama qilingan.

Kalit so‘zlar: Asosiy vositalarni hisobga olish, Qo'shma korxonalar, IFRS, 16 BMS, BHMS 11, BMS 28, Asosiy vositalar, O'z kapitali usuli, O'zbekiston hisobi standartlari, Moliyaviy hisobotning shaffofligi.
Consumer preferences and demand for livestock products in urban Bangladesh
Creators: name: Islam, S.M. Fakhrul
name: Jabbar, Mohammad A.
name: Islam, S.M. Fakhrul
name: Jabbar, Mohammad A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: demand
subject: quality
subject: safety
subject: livestock products
subject: Bangladesh

description: Demand for animal products has been increasing rapidly in Bangladesh due to urbanization and increases in per capita income. There are rudimentary indications that demand for improved food quality and safety has also been increasing and that consumers were willing to pay higher prices for such attributes of products. However, there is little empirical evidence on the criteria and indicators of quality and safety that consumers use in their buying decisions, or that suppliers use in differentiating products to promote sales, or the extent to which consumers are willing to pay for such attributes. This study is the first attempt to comprehensively characterize and quantify Bangladeshi urban demand for animal products with a focus on quality and safety. Based on a multi-stage sample survey of 900 households from Dhaka and Mymensingh cities, successive analyses present statements of preference based on ratings, identified quality criteria, stated sources of supply and recent purchasing behaviour both at home and away from home, and econometric analysis of relationships between price ratings and quality ratings across attributes, so as to generate willingness to pay for those attributes. The findings show that officially defined grades and quality standards of livestock products are either absent or poorly defined and enforced. On the other hand, producers and consumers in the market use specific attributes or criteria and indicators to differentiate quality and safety of livestock products and they also charge and pay different prices based on those attributes. Although targeted at urban populations, considerable variation between locations in terms of the product preferences and attributes used to differentiate quality was identified. Establishment of standards and grades will become necessary to meet consumer demand on the one hand and facilitate producers and market agents to respond to consumer demand on the other. Whether smallholders will have any comparative advantage in supplying an expanding market requiring more homogenous and better quality and safer products need to be studied regularly along with studies on consumer demand because of the dynamic nature of the emerging and evolving market, the industry and the sector.
description: Also available in the ILRI Repository on Livestock Research at http://hdl.handle.net/10568/3009
Bose Einstein Condensate in a Box
Creators: name: Meyrath, T. P.
name: Schreck, F.
name: Hanssen, J. L.
name: Chuu, C. -S.
name: Raizen, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensates have been produced in an optical box trap. This novel optical trap type has strong confinement in two directions comparable to that which is possible in an optical lattice, yet produces individual condensates rather than the thousands typical of a lattice. The box trap is integrated with single atom detection capability, paving the way for studies of quantum atom statistics.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Purification and immobilization of engineered glucose dehydrogenase: a new approach to producing gluconic acid from breadwaste
Creators: name: Pinar Karagoz
name: Ravneet Mandair
name: Jinesh Cherukkattu Manayil
name: Lad, Jai
name: Chong, Katie
name: Kyriakou, Georgios
name: Lee, Adam F.
name: Wilson, Karen
name: Bill, Roslyn M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect of the storage period and the support material on GDH leakage.
Real Elliptically Skewed Distributions and Their Application to Robust Cluster Analysis
Creators: name: Schroth, Christian A.
name: Muma, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article proposes a new class of Real Elliptically Skewed (RESK) distributions and associated clustering algorithms that allow for integrating robustness and skewness into a single unified cluster analysis framework. Non-symmetrically distributed and heavy-tailed data clusters have been reported in a variety of real-world applications. Robustness is essential because a few outlying observations can severely obscure the cluster structure. The RESK distributions are a generalization of the Real Elliptically Symmetric (RES) distributions. To estimate the cluster parameters and memberships, we derive an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for arbitrary RESK distributions. Special attention is given to a new robust skew-Huber M-estimator, which is also the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the skew-Huber distribution that belongs to the RESK class. Numerical experiments on simulated and real-world data confirm the usefulness of the proposed methods for skewed and heavy-tailed data sets.
The Phoenix Deep Survey: the radio properties of the hard X-ray selected sample
Creators: name: Georgakakis, A.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
name: Afonso, J.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Mobasher, B.
name: Cram, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio properties of hard (2-8keV) X-ray selected sources are explored by combining a single 50ks XMM-Newton pointing with the ultra-deep and homogeneous Phoenix radio (1.4GHz) survey (Hopkins et al. 2003). A total of 43 sources are detected above the X-ray flux limit f_X(2-8keV)=7.7e-15cgs with 14 of them exhibiting radio emission above ~40muJy (3sigma). The X-ray/radio matched population lies in the borderline between radio loud and quiet AGNs and comprises sources with both soft and hard X-ray spectral properties suggesting both obscured and unobscured systems. The spectroscopically identified sub-sample (total of 6 X-ray/radio matches) comprises narrow emission line AGNs (4) with hard X-ray spectral properties and broad line sources (2) with soft X-ray spectra. We find evidence that the fraction of X-ray/radio matches increases from ~20% for sources with rest-frame column density N_H<1e22cm^-2 to \~50% for more absorbed systems. Poor statistics however, limit the significance of the above result to the ~2sigma level. Also, the X-ray/radio matched sources have flatter coadded X-ray spectrum (Gamma=1.78^{+0.05}_{-0.03}) compared to sources without radio emission (Gamma=2.00^{+0.03}_{-0.04}). A possible explanation for the higher fraction of absorbed sources with radio emission at the muJy level is the presence of circum-nuclear starburst activity that both feeds and obscures the central engine. For a small sub-sample of z~0.4 radio emitting AGNs with N_H>1e22cm^-2 their combined spectrum exhibits a soft X-ray component that may be associated with star-formation activity, although other possibilities cannot be excluded. We also find that radio emitting AGNs make up about 13-20% of the hard-band X-ray background depending on the adopted normalisation.
description: To appear in MNRAS, for full resolution images and data see http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/ahopkins/phoenix/
Bodenkauf als Reinvestitionsfalle – eine deduktive Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse
Creators: name: Bahrs, Enno
name: Bahrs, Enno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farmland prices
subject: reserve for reinvestment
subject: analysis of payment willingness
subject: flat tax

description: This paper deals with the fiscally neutral transferability of profits from land sales according to § 6b EStG and its possible effect on the price for agricultural land. From the point of view of the single farm this tax norm has an excellent effect. Nevertheless, from the point of view of the whole agricultural sector the advantage of this tax norm is rather questionable both with regard to agriculture in special as well as the national economy in general. The rising prices for land due to § 6b EStG can have a negative effect on highly efficient farming businesses which are willing to expand, but have to finance the expansion soleley with the business earnings. Still, further disadvantages may result from § 6b EStG. Therefore this paper suggests an alternative way of using the margin of § 6b EStG, i.e. the introduction of a moderate flat rate taxation to mitigate the negative effects of § 6b EStG without limiting the positive ones.
"Right Words" in therapy
Creators: name: Ozier, Douglas Philip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Philosopher and psychotherapy theorist Eugene Gendlin proposes that clients' autonomic somatic responses during therapy provide a trustworthier gauge of the experiential usefulness of therapist interventions than do clients' consciously mediated assessments. Building on this basic proposition Gendlin argues that therapists should only pursue moments in therapy that provoke a subtle, embodied, signature response within clients, or what he labels a "carrying forward" reaction. The validity of Gendlin's description of small carrying forward responses has never been rigorously investigated. In this work two separate articles address this gap in the literature through complementary approaches. The first article considers the theoretical plausibility of Gendlin's central claim that human beings can effectively evaluate abstract social stimuli (like therapist verbalizations) through nonconsciously mediated processes enacted in the body. In order to speak to this plausibility issue the first article considers Gendlin's carrying forward construct in light of Antonio Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis, a parallel model of human evaluation processes that has amassed compelling validity support. The second article describes an experiment that used both psychophysiological monitoring and assessment of subjects' perceptual self reports in order to directly investigate the validity of Gendlin's description of the carrying forward construct.
Additional file 1 of Assessment of rewarming methods in unplanned out-of-hospital births from a prospective cohort
Creators: name: Javaudin, François
name: Roche, Mélodie
name: Trutt, Lucile
name: Bunker, Isabelle
name: Hamel, Valérie
name: Goddet, Sybille
name: Templier, François
name: Potiron, Christine
name: Bastard, Quentin Le
name: Pes, Philippe
name: Bagou, Gilles
name: Jean-Louis Chabernaud
name: Montassier, Emmanuel
name: Leclère, Brice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Evolution of the distribution of newborns according to their initial and final body temperature. Table S1. Multivariate linear model of factors associated with change in body temperature during transport. Table S2. Multivariate linear model of factors associated with change in body temperature during transport.
Convective Differential Rotation in Stars and Planets II: Observational and Numerical Tests
Creators: name: Jermyn, Adam S.
name: Chitre, Shashikumar M.
name: Lesaffre, Pierre
name: Tout, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential rotation is central to a great many mysteries in stars and planets. In Part I we predicted the order of magnitude and scaling of the differential rotation in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic convection zones. Our results apply to both slowly- and rapidly-rotating systems, and provide a general picture of differential rotation in stars and fluid planets. We further calculated the scalings of the meridional circulation, entropy gradient and baroclinicity. In this companion paper we compare these predictions with a variety of observations and numerical simulations. With a few exceptions we find that these are consistent in both the slowly-rotating and rapidly-rotating limits. Our results help to localize core-envelope shear in red~giant stars, suggest a rotation-dependent frequency shift in the internal gravity waves of massive stars and potentially explain observed deviations from von Zeipel's gravity darkening in late-type stars.
description: 27 pages. 15 figures. Accepted in MNRAS. Comments welcome
Black Hole Non-Formation in the Matrix Model
Creators: name: Karczmarek, Joanna L.
name: Maldacena, Juan
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The leading classical low-energy effective actions for two-dimensional string theories have solutions describing the gravitational collapse of shells of matter into a black hole. It is shown that string loop corrections can be made arbitrarily small up to the horizon, but $α'$ corrections cannot. The matrix model is used to show that typical collapsing shells do not form black holes in the full string theory. Rather, they backscatter out to infinity just before the horizon forms. The matrix model is also used to show that the naively expected particle production induced by the collapsing shell vanishes to leading order. This agrees with the string theory computation. From the point of view of the effective low energy field theory this result is surprising and involves a delicate cancellation between various terms.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures, harvmac
Additional file 1 of Revealing biomass heterosis in the allodiploid xBrassicoraphanus, a hybrid between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, through integrated transcriptome and metabolites analysis
Creators: name: Yi, Gibum
name: Hosub Shin
name: Park, Hye Rang
name: Park, Jeong Eun
name: Ahn, Jong Hwa
name: Sooyeon Lim
name: Lee, Jeong Gu
name: Lee, Eun Jin
name: Huh, Jin Hoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of F1 samples and their usage for analysis (DOCX 2531 kb). Table S2. Summary of RNA-seq reads. Table S3. Top 5 enriched GO terms of the genes having expression correlation with the phenotypes in F1 hybrids. Table S4. Top 5 enriched GO terms of the genes have expression correlation with the metabolite contents in F1 hybrids. Table S5. Orthologous pair genes and their primers used for qRT-PCR analysis. Figure S1. Leaf shapes of the newly synthesized allodiploid xBrassicoraphanus. Figure S2. Pollen shapes of the newly synthesized allodiploid xBrassicoraphanus. Figure S3. Chromosome numbers for CF, WK, and CWB. 19 chromosomes (univalents) were observed in allodiploid F1 hybrid (C), whereas 10 and 9 chromosome pairs (bivalents) were observed in CF (A) and WK (B), respectively. Chromosome spreads were obtained from pollen mother cells in diakinesis of meiosis. Bars = 10 μm. Figure S4. Concentrations of metabolites for four biological replicates for the parents (CF and WK) and 19 biological replicates for the F1 hybrids (F1) as indicated on the top of each graph. Figure S5. Validation of RNA-seq results by qPCR. Figure S6. Validation of RNA-seq results by qPCR by species specific and general primers. Figure S7. Assignment of DEGs in metabolism-related KEGG pathways. Figure S8. Correlations between the phenotypes and the metabolite concentrations and among the metabolite concentrations. Figure S9. Diagram showing the proposed mechanism of heterosis.
Wigner distribution on a double cylinder phase space for studying quantum error correction protocol
Creators: name: Fabre, N.
name: Keller, A.
name: Milman, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a quasi-probability phase space distribution with two pairs of azimuthal-angular coordinates. This representation is well adapted to describe quantum systems with discrete symmetry. Quantum error correction of states encoded in continuous variables using translationally invariant states is studied as an example of application. We also propose an experimental scheme for measuring such new distribution.
A Hedonic Pricing Model for German Wine
Creators: name: Schamel, Guenter
name: Schamel, Guenter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: wine
subject: hedonic pricing models
subject: reputation

description: We develop a hedonic pricing model for German quality wine. Quality indicators for 4,141 wines are sensory awards received at the annual German wine competition and the legally required quality category as well as a set of control variables including regional origin, color, style, and their age at the time of judging. The data confirms that sensory quality awards have a significant and positive price impact. Moreover, we estimate significant relative differences between quality categories, growing regions and most of the control variables.
Effect of Three-body Interaction on Phase Transition of Hot Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Zuo, W.
name: Li, Z. H.
name: Li, A.
name: Lombardo, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties and the isospin dependence of the liquid-gas phase transition in hot asymmetric nuclear matter have been investigated within the framework of the finite temperature Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach extended to include the contribution of a microscopic three-body force. A typical Van der Waals structure has been observed in the calculated isotherms (of pressure) for symmetric nuclear matter implying the presence of the liquid-gas phase transition. The critical temperature of the phase transition is calculated and its dependence on the proton-to-neutron ratio is discussed. It is shown that the three-body force gives a repulsive contribution to the nuclear equation of state and reduces appreciably the critical temperature and the mechanical instable region. At fixed temperature and density the pressure of asymmetric nuclear matter increases monotonically as a function of isospin asymmetry. In addition, it turns out that the domain of mechanical instability for hot asymmetric nuclear matter gradually shrinks with increasing asymmetry and temperature. We have compared our results with the predictions of other theoretical models especially the Dirac Brueckner approach. A possible explanation for the discrepancy between the values of the critical temperature predicted by the present non-relativistic Brueckner calculations including the three-body force and the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner method is given.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Beurteilung des Milchquotenbörsensystems in Deutschland
Creators: name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Struve, Carsten
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Struve, Carsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: rules for milk quota trading
subject: auctions

description: In this paper the newly established rules for trading milk quotas in Germany are analyzed. These regulations have been in force since April 2000. Following a brief historical review of the quota system, the major changes in economic incentives regarding trading milk and the expected welfare implications are derived. Next, the effects of the new trading rules on quota prices in comparison to a reference system (sealed bid double auction) are discussed. In the empirical part the significance of the theoretical effects is illustrated. Recent changes in the regulations for quota trade are shown to have little effect in terms of mitigating these problems.