cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the effect of cosmic rays in bolometric CMB measurements from the stratosphere
Creators: name: Masi, S.
name: Battistelli, E.
name: de Bernardis, P.
name: Lamagna, L.
name: Nati, F.
name: Nati, L.
name: Natoli, P.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Schillaci, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-sensitive bolometric detectors in balloon-borne or satellite missions have the potential to discover low-level non gaussian features in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), due to topological defects or to the inflation process. However, the space environment includes a population of cosmic rays (CR), which produce spurious spikes in bolometric signals. In this paper we analyze how CR affect these measurements and the estimates of non-gaussianity and of angular power spectra of the CMB. Using accurate simulations of noise and CR events in bolometric detectors, we find that a de-spiking technique based on outliers removal in the detector signals contributing to the same sky pixel works well in removing CR events larger than the noise. Low level events hidden in the noise produce skewness and kurtosis of the temperatures of the pixels, indicating low-level non-gaussianity. Moreover, when the low-level CR distribution is not known a-priori, the standard noise estimation pipeline produces a positive bias of the power spectrum at high multipoles. In experiments with detector sensitivity better than 100 $μK / \sqrt{Hz}$, in an environment less favorable than the earth stratosphere, the CR-induced non gaussianity is likely to affect significantly the results.
description: This new version is the one accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Droughts projection over the Niger and Volta River basins of West Africa at specific global warming levels
Creators: name: Oguntunde, Philip G.
name: Abiodun, Babatunde J.
name: Lischeid, Gunnar
name: Abatan, Abayomi A.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: This study investigates possible impacts of four global warming levels (GWLs: GWL1.5, GWL2.0, GWL2.5, and GWL3.0) on drought characteristics over Niger River basin (NRB) and Volta River basin (VRB). Two drought indices-Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)-were employed in characterizing droughts in 20 multi-model simulation outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The performance of the simulation in reproducing basic hydro-climatological features and severe drought characteristics (i.e., magnitude and frequency) in the basins were evaluated. The projected changes in the future drought frequency were quantified and compared under the four GWLs for two climate forcing scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). The regional climate model (RCM) ensemble gives a realistic simulation of historical hydro-climatological variables needed to calculate the drought indices. With SPEI, the simulation ensemble projects an increase in the magnitude and frequency of severe droughts over both basins (NRB and VRB) at all GWLs, but the increase, which grows with the GWLs, is higher over NRB than over VRB. More than 75% of the simulations agree on the projected increase at GWL1.5 and all simulations agree on the increase at higher GWLs. With SPI, the projected changes in severe drought is weaker and the magnitude remains the same at all GWLs, suggesting that SPI projection may underestimate impacts of the GWLs on the intensity and severity of future drought. The results of this study have application in mitigating impact of global warming on future drought risk over the regional water systems.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1203
Robust Oscillator-Mediated Phase Gates Driven by Low-Intensity Pulses
Creators: name: Arrazola, I.
name: Casanova, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust qubit-qubit interactions mediated by bosonic modes are central to many quantum technologies. Existing proposals combining fast oscillator-mediated gates with dynamical decoupling require strong pulses or fast control over the qubit-boson coupling. Here, we present a method based on dynamical decoupling techniques that leads to faster-than-dispersive entanglement gates with low-intensity pulses. Our method is general, i.e., it is applicable to any quantum platform that has qubits interacting with bosonic mediators via longitudinal coupling. Moreover, the protocol provides robustness to fluctuations in qubit frequencies and control fields, while also being resistant to common errors such as frequency shifts and heating in the mediator as well as crosstalk effects. We illustrate our method with an implementation for trapped ions coupled via magnetic field gradients. With detailed numerical simulations, we show that entanglement gates with infidelities of $10^{-3}$ or $10^{-4}$ are possible with current or near-future experimental setups, respectively.
description: 7+13 pages, 3+3 figures, 2 tables
Springer fiber components in the two columns case for types A and D are normal
Creators: name: Perrin, Nicolas
name: Smirnov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 14N35

description: We study the singularities of the irreducible components of the Springer fiber over a nilpotent element N with N^2=0 in a Lie algebra of type A or D (the so-called two columns case). We use Frobenius splitting techniques to prove that these irreducible components are normal, Cohen-Macaulay, and have rational singularities.
description: v1: 18 pages; v2: 20 pages, Sec.3 rewritten, mistake in Prop.3.10 corrected
Electronic Companion - Blockchain-enabled Local Market for Sharing Storage in Energy Communities
Creators: name: Thomas, Dimitrios
name: Kounelis, Ioannis
name: De Paola, Antonio
name: Kotsakis, Evangelos
name: Fulli, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Optimization, Equilibrium, local markets, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker

description: This electronic companion is part of the manuscript entitled “Blockchain-enabled local markets for sharing storage in energy communities” which has been exclusively submitted to the IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) -- Middle East 2023 conference. It comprises the complete mathematical formulation for all market participants, the collection of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for all models and the proofs for the equivalence of Equilibrium Model and Optimization Model. We show this way that market is efficient; the system is dispatched at the minimum social cost and no one is motivated to deviate from the market clearing outcomes. We also prove market’s revenue adequacy, which implies that the market operator never incurs a budget deficit. Finally, we provide some technical parameters and data used in the case studies.
title: Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading
Creators: name: Seelig, Stefan
name: Risse, Sarah
name: Engbert, Ralf
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Skilled reading requires information processing of the fixated and the not-yet-fixated words to generate precise control of gaze. Over the last 30 years, experimental research provided evidence that word processing is distributed across the perceptual span, which permits recognition of the fixated (foveal) word as well as preview of parafoveal words to the right of fixation. However, theoretical models have been unable to differentiate the specific influences of foveal and parafoveal information on saccade control. Here we show how parafoveal word difficulty modulates spatial and temporal control of gaze in a computational model to reproduce experimental results. In a fully Bayesian framework, we estimated model parameters for different models of parafoveal processing and carried out large-scale predictive simulations and model comparisons for a gaze-contingent reading experiment. We conclude that mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments permits the precise identification of pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, uncovering potential mechanisms underlying the parafoveal contribution to eye-movement control.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 728
Uniquitous internet middleware: architecture design and prototype evaluation
Creators: name: Pasini, Samuele <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: ING-INF/05 Sistemi di elaborazione delle informazioni

description: Technology advances in recent years have dramatically changed the way users exploit contents and services available on the Internet, by enforcing pervasive and mobile computing scenarios and enabling access to networked resources almost from everywhere, at anytime, and independently of the device in use. In addition, people increasingly require to customize their experience, by exploiting specific device capabilities and limitations, inherent features of the communication channel in use, and interaction paradigms that significantly differ from the traditional request/response one. 
So-called Ubiquitous Internet scenario calls for solutions that address many different challenges, such as device mobility, session management, content adaptation, context-awareness and the provisioning of multimodal interfaces. Moreover, new service opportunities demand simple and effective ways to integrate existing resources into new and value added applications, that can also undergo run-time modifications, according to ever-changing  execution conditions. 
Despite service-oriented architectural models are gaining momentum to tame the increasing complexity of composing and orchestrating distributed and heterogeneous functionalities, existing solutions generally lack a unified approach and only provide support for specific Ubiquitous Internet aspects. Moreover, they usually target rather static scenarios and scarcely support the dynamic nature of pervasive access to Internet resources, that can make existing compositions soon become obsolete or inadequate, hence in need of reconfiguration.  
This thesis proposes a novel middleware approach to comprehensively deal with Ubiquitous Internet facets and assist in establishing innovative application scenarios. We claim that a truly viable ubiquity support infrastructure must neatly decouple distributed resources to integrate and push any kind of content-related logic outside its core layers, by keeping only management and coordination responsibilities. Furthermore, we promote an innovative, open, and dynamic resource composition model that allows to easily describe and enforce complex scenario requirements, and to suitably react to changes in the execution conditions.
Kinetic axi-symmetric gravitational equilibria in collisionless accretion disc plasmas
Creators: name: Cremaschini, Claudio
name: Miller, John C.
name: Tessarotto, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical treatment is presented of kinetic equilibria in accretion discs around compact objects, for cases where the plasma can be considered as collisionless. The plasma is assumed to be axi-symmetric and to be acted on by gravitational and electromagnetic fields; in this paper, the particular case is considered where the magnetic field admits a family of toroidal magnetic surfaces, which are locally mutually-nested and closed. It is pointed out that there exist asymptotic kinetic equilibria represented by generalized bi-Maxwellian distribution functions and characterized by primarily toroidal differential rotation and temperature anisotropy. It is conjectured that kinetic equilibria of this type can exist which are able to sustain both toroidal and poloidal electric current densities, the latter being produced via finite Larmor-radius effects associated with the temperature anisotropy. This leads to the possibility of existence of a new kinetic effect - referred to here as a \textquotedblleft kinetic dynamo effect\textquotedblright\ - resulting in the self-generation of toroidal magnetic field even by a stationary plasma, without any net radial accretion flow being required. The conditions for these equilibria to occur, their basic theoretical features and their physical properties are all discussed in detail.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure Accepted for publication in Physics of Plasmas
title: Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements
Creators: name: Noonan, Michael J.
name: Fleming, Christen H.
name: Tucker, Marlee A.
name: Kays, Roland
name: Harrison, Autumn-Lynn
name: Crofoot, Margaret C.
name: Abrahms, Briana
name: Alberts, Susan C.
name: Ali, Abdullahi H.
name: Blaum, Niels
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1206
Improved Measurement of the Evolution of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay
Creators: name: The Daya Bay Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reactor neutrino experiments play a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of neutrinos. A precise measurement of reactor electron antineutrino flux and spectrum evolution can be key inputs in improving the knowledge of neutrino mass and mixing as well as reactor nuclear physics and searching for physics beyond the standard model. In this work, the evolution of the flux and spectrum as a function of the reactor isotopic content is reported in terms of the inverse-beta-decay yield at Daya Bay with 1958 days of data and improved systematic uncertainties. These measurements are compared with two signature model predictions: the Huber-Mueller model based on the conversion method and the SM2018 model based on the summation method. The measured average flux and spectrum, as well as their evolution with the 239Pu fraction, are inconsistent with the predictions of the Huber-Mueller model. In contrast, the SM2018 model is shown to agree with the average flux and its evolution but fails to describe the energy spectrum. Altering the predicted IBD spectrum from 239Pu does not improve the agreement with the measurement for either model. The models can be brought into better agreement with the measurements if either the predicted spectrum due to 235U is changed or the predicted 235U, 238U, 239Pu, and 241Pu spectra are changed in equal measure.
Quantum Metrology with Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum: Parity Detection Beats the Heisenberg Limit
Creators: name: Anisimov, Petr M.
name: Raterman, Gretchen M.
name: Chiruvelli, Aravind
name: Plick, William N.
name: Huver, Sean D.
name: Lee, Hwang
name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the sensitivity and resolution of phase measurement in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two-mode squeezed vacuum ( photons on average). We show that super-resolution and sub-Heisenberg sensitivity is obtained with parity detection. In particular, in our setup, dependence of the signal on the phase evolves times faster than in traditional schemes, and uncertainty in the phase estimation is better than 1/.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 9 of DNA methylation and its effects on gene expression during primary to secondary growth in poplar stems
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Liu, Cong
name: Cheng, He
name: Tian, Shuanghui
name: Liu, Yingying
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Zhang, Huaxin
name: Saqib, Muhammad
name: Wei, Hairong
name: Wei, Zhigang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9. Comparison of methylation levels in different developmental stages: primary stems (PS), transitional stems (TS), and secondary stems (SS). The y-axis represents methylation levels. The different letters on the top of the error bars indicate statistically significant differences between means at p < 0.05.
A Mordell Inequality for Lattices over Maximal Orders
Creators: name: Vance, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we prove an analogue of Mordell's inequality for lattices in finite-dimensional complex or quaternionic Hermitian space that are modules over a maximal order in an imaginary quadratic number field or a totally definite rational quaternion algebra. This inequality implies that the 16-dimensional Barnes-Wall lattice has optimal density among all 16-dimensional lattices with Hurwitz structures.
description: 13 pages
Contributions of different neutron pairs in different approaches for neutrinoless double beta decay
Creators: name: Escuderos, Alberto
name: Faessler, Amand
name: Rodin, Vadim
name: Simkovic, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methods used till now to calculate the neutrinoless double beta decay matrix elements are: the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA), the Shell Model (SM), the angular momentum projected Hartee-Fock-Bogoliubov approach (HFB) and the Interacting Boson Model (IBM). The different approaches are compared specifically concerning the the angular momenta and parities of the neutron pairs, which are changed into two protons by the $0νββ$ decay. The QRPA and SM involve about the same angular momentum and parity neutron pairs, while the HFB is restricted to $0^{+}, 2^{+}, 4^{+}, ...$, and IBM to $0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$ nucleon pairs. The differences in the seniority contributions for the QRPA and the SM are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, extensively revised to discuss the effect of different seniorities, 1 figure and 2 tables added
title: ABCB1/4 gallbladder cancer risk variants identified in India also show strong effects in Chileans
Creators: name: Boekstegers, Felix
name: Marcelain, Katherine
name: Barahona Ponce, Carol
name: Baez Benavides, Pablo F.
name: Müller, Bettina
name: de Toro, Gonzalo
name: Retamales, Javier
name: Barajas, Olga
name: Ahumada, Monica
name: Aleksandrova, Krasimira
name: Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and in Europeans with a low GBC incidence. Methods: This population-based study analysed genotype data from retrospective Chilean case-control (255 cases, 2042 controls) and prospective European cohort (108 cases, 181 controls) samples consistently with the original publication. Results: Our results confirmed the reported associations for Chileans with similar risk effects. Particularly strong associations (per-allele odds ratios close to 2) were observed for Chileans with high Native American (=Mapuche) ancestry. No associations were noticed for Europeans, but the statistical power was low. Conclusion: Taking full advantage of genetic and ethnic differences in GBC risk may improve the efficiency of current prevention programs.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1204
Cosmophila flava
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Eyjolf
name: Behounek, Gottfried
name: Hoppe, Henri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Cosmophila
Cosmophila flava

description: Cosmophila flava (FABRICIUS, 1775)
M a t e r i a l u n t e r s u c h t: Brava, Nova Sintra, Sorno, 50 m, 30.12.2002, Lem/Covada, 470 m, 30.11.- 7.12. 2002, 08.01.- 27.02.2003, Santana, 490 m, in der Beobachtungszeit vom 01.01. bis 28.02.2004 und vom 5.11. 2004 bis 30.1.2005 insgesamt 74 Individuen notiert.
V e r b r e i t u n g: afrotropisch-subtropisch.
description: Published as part of Aistleitner, Eyjolf, Behounek, Gottfried & Hoppe, Henri, 2023, Ergänzende Daten zur Noctuiden-Fauna der Kapverden (Cabo Verde) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae), pp. 475-506 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414294
Quadratic Optical Responses in a Chiral Magnet
Creators: name: Okumura, Shun
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral magnets, which break both spatial inversion and time reversal symmetries, carry a potential for quadratic optical responses. Despite the possibility of enhanced and controlled responses through the magnetic degree of freedom, the systematic understanding remains yet to be developed. We here study nonlinear optical responses in a prototypical chiral magnetic state with a one-dimensional conical order by using the second-order response theory. We show that the photovoltaic effect and the second harmonic generation are induced by asymmetric modulation of the electronic band structure under the conical magnetic order, and the coefficients, including the sign, change drastically depending on the frequency of incident lights, the external magnetic field, and the strength of spin-charge coupling. We find that both effects can be enormously large compared to those in the conventional nonmagnetic materials. Our results would pave the way for next-generation optical electronic devices, such as unconventional solar cells and optical sensors, based on chiral magnets.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Genome-wide association analysis in humans links nucleotide metabolism to leukocyte telomere length
Creators: name: Li, Chen
name: Stoma, Svetlana
name: Lotta, Luca A.
name: Warner, Sophie
name: Albrecht, Eva
name: Allione, Alessandra
name: Arp, Pascal P.
name: Broer, Linda
name: Buxton, Jessica L.
name: Boeing, Heiner
name: Langenberg, Claudia
name: Codd, Veryan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a heritable biomarker of genomic aging. In this study, we perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of LTL by pooling densely genotyped and imputed association results across large-scale European-descent studies including up to 78,592 individuals. We identify 49 genomic regions at a false dicovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 threshold and prioritize genes at 31, with five highlighting nucleotide metabolism as an important regulator of LTL. We report six genome-wide significant loci in or near SENP7, MOB1B, CARMIL1 , PRRC2A, TERF2, and RFWD3, and our results support recently identified PARP1, POT1, ATM, and MPHOSPH6 loci. Phenome-wide analyses in >350,000 UK Biobank participants suggest that genetically shorter telomere length increases the risk of hypothyroidism and decreases the risk of thyroid cancer, lymphoma, and a range of proliferative conditions. Our results replicate previously reported associations with increased risk of coronary artery disease and lower risk for multiple cancer types. Our findings substantially expand current knowledge on genes that regulate LTL and their impact on human health and disease.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1205
La lunga storia dell'idrovia Padova - Venezia
Creators: name: Proto, Matteo <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: M-GGR/01 Geografia

description: The present dissertation focuses on an unfinished project for the construction of an inland waterway between Padua and Venice, in northern Italy. The history of this channel is analysed in the context of the general debate for the development of a waterway network in the Padanian plain. 
The project of reconstructing and enlarging the existing ancient channels for the development of a modern river transport system was born at the beginning of the 20th century as an attempt to withstand the railway’s concurrency. The main project aimed at transforming the Po river and other small rivers and channels in a big waterway for the connection of the most important northern industrial cities with Venice’s harbour and the Adriatic sea. Even if the idea of restoring the historical channel between Padua and Venice arose at the end of the First World War, it was only during the years 50s that a new project was conceived and the waterway was included in a global project for the construction of a whole new channel from Venice to Milan. The new project, strongly supported by the local Christian Democratic Party, was managed for more than twenty years causing a huge expenditure of money. After a great investment by both the central State and the local bodies (more than 100 millions euro) the project was finally abandoned. 
This research reconstructs the historical process and the economical motivations that sustained that project until its failure. 
Moreover, with the aim of understanding the reasons and the differences of such a failure, the history of inland waterway transport in Italy is compared with contemporary developments in Germany.
Quantum tomography via equidistant states
Creators: name: Paiva-Sánchez, C.
name: Burgos-Inostroza, E.
name: Jiménez, O.
name: Delgado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of performing quantum state tomography via equidistant states. This class of states allows us to propose a non-symmetric informationally complete POVM based tomographic scheme. The scheme is defined for odd dimensions and involves an inversion which can be analytically carried out by Fourier transform.
Finite deformation analysis using the finite element method
Creators: name: Molstad, Terry Kim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An analysis of the finite deformation of an elastic body using the finite element method is investigated. The governing nonlinear equations of equilibrium are derived through the principle of virtual work using a Lagrangian description. A general incremental virtual work equation is obtained, and then linearized to permit the use of direct solution techniques. A residual loading term is defined which represents the nonsatisfaction of equilibrium of the solution obtained at the end of an increment using the linear incremental virtual work equation. The residual loading term is used to control the divergence of the linearized incremental solution from the exact equilibrium solution, through the self-correcting solution technique. The finite element method is introduced in general for three dimensional analysis, and is then specialized for two dimensional, plane elasticity analysis. Two eight degree of freedom rectangular finite elements are developed using a bilinear assumed displacement field. The first element is numerically integrated using Gaussian quadrature, while the second employs a nonuniform integration scheme in order to improve this element's performance. Four finite deformation problems are analysed using the procedure presented in this thesis, and the results are compared with available closed form solutions. The problems analysed are those of a uniformly loaded infinite plate strip having either simply supported longitudinal edges or fixed longitudinal edges, a cantilever beam under a uniformly distributed load, and lastly a cantilever beam with a para-bolically distributed end load. Excellent agreement was obtained between the finite element analysis results and the closed form solutions.
Non-equilibrium Tunneling Spectroscopy in Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Chen, Yung-Fu
name: Dirks, Travis
name: Al-Zoubi, Gassem
name: Birge, Norman
name: Mason, Nadya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the non-equilibrium electron energy distribution in carbon nanotubes. Using tunneling spectroscopy via a superconducting probe, we study the shape of the local electron distribution functions, and hence energy relaxation rates, in nanotubes that have bias voltages applied between their ends. At low temperatures, electrons interact weakly in nanotubes of a few microns channel length, independent of end-to-end conductance values. Surprisingly, the energy relaxation rate can increase substantially when the temperature is raised to only 1.5 K.
Deformation of canonical morphisms and the moduli of surfaces of general type
Creators: name: Gallego, F. J.
name: González, M.
name: Purnaprajna, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J29, 14J10, 14B10, 13D10

description: In this article we study the deformation of finite maps and show how to use this deformation theory to construct varieties with given invariants in a projective space. Among other things, we prove a criterion that determines when a finite map can be deformed to a one--to--one map. We use this criterion to construct new simple canonical surfaces with different $c_1^2$ and $χ$. Our general results enable us to describe some new components of the moduli of surfaces of general type. We also find infinitely many moduli spaces $\mathcal M_{(x',0,y)}$ having one component whose general point corresponds to a canonically embedded surface and another component whose general point corresponds to a surface whose canonical map is a degree 2 morphism.
description: 32 pages. Final version with some simplifications and clarifications in the exposition. To appear in Invent. Math. (the final publication is available at springerlink.com)
Complete Minors, Independent Sets, and Chordal Graphs
Creators: name: Balogh, Jozsef
name: Lenz, John
name: Wu, Hehui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hadwiger number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of a complete minor of G. Hadwiger's Conjecture states that h(G) >= χ(G). Since χ(G) α(G) >= |V(G)|, Hadwiger's Conjecture implies that α(G) h(G) >= |V(G)|. We show that (2 α(G) - \lceil log_t(t α(G)/2) \rceil) h(G) \geq |V(G)| where t is approximately 6.83. For graphs with α(G) \geq 14, this improves on a recent result of Kawarabayashi and Song who showed (2 α(G) - 2) h(G) >= |V(G)| when α(G) >= 3.
InfoOT: Information Maximizing Optimal Transport
Creators: name: Chuang, Ching-Yao
name: Jegelka, Stefanie
name: Alvarez-Melis, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimal transport aligns samples across distributions by minimizing the transportation cost between them, e.g., the geometric distances. Yet, it ignores coherence structure in the data such as clusters, does not handle outliers well, and cannot integrate new data points. To address these drawbacks, we propose InfoOT, an information-theoretic extension of optimal transport that maximizes the mutual information between domains while minimizing geometric distances. The resulting objective can still be formulated as a (generalized) optimal transport problem, and can be efficiently solved by projected gradient descent. This formulation yields a new projection method that is robust to outliers and generalizes to unseen samples. Empirically, InfoOT improves the quality of alignments across benchmarks in domain adaptation, cross-domain retrieval, and single-cell alignment.
Newton polyhedra of discriminants of projections
Creators: name: Esterov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R80 (Primary), 52A39, 52B20 (Secondary)

description: For a system of polynomial equations, whose coefficients depend on parameters, the Newton polyhedron of its discriminant is computed in terms of the Newton polyhedra of the coefficients. This leads to an explicit formula (involving mixed fiber polyhedra and Euler obstructions of toric varieties) in the unmixed case, suggests certain open questions in general, and generalizes a number of similar known results. The argument is based on a formula for the support function of a mixed fiber body, which also suggests a new proof for existence of mixed fiber bodies.
description: Revised and expanded exposition, misprints corrected, references added
Heat pumping with optically driven excitons
Creators: name: Gauger, Erik M.
name: Wabnig, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study showing that an optically driven excitonic two-level system in a solid state environment acts as a heat pump by means of repeated phonon emission or absorption events. We derive a master equation for the combined phonon bath and two-level system dynamics and analyze the direction and rate of energy transfer as a function of the externally accessible driving parameters. We discover that if the driving laser is detuned from the exciton transition, cooling the phonon environment becomes possible.
On the orders of periodic diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Chen, Weimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S15 (Primary), 57R57, 57R17 (Secondary)

description: This paper initiated an investigation on the following question: Suppose a smooth 4-manifold does not admit any smooth circle actions. Does there exist a constant $C>0$ such that the manifold support no smooth $\Z_p$-actions of prime order for $p>C$? We gave affirmative results to this question for the case of holomorphic and symplectic actions, with an interesting finding that the constant $C$ in the holomorphic case is topological in nature while in the symplectic case it involves also the smooth structure of the manifold.
description: 30 pages, no figures, final version, with a slightly changed title, to appear in Duke Math. J
UHE neutrino searches using a Lunar target: First Results from the RESUN search
Creators: name: Jaeger, T. R.
name: Mutel, R. L.
name: Gayley, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the past decade there have been several attempts to detect cosmogenic ultra high energy (UHE) neutrinos by searching for radio Cerenkov bursts resulting from charged impact showers in terrestrial ice or the lunar regolith. So far these radio searches have yielded no detections, but the inferred flux upper limits have started to constrain physical models for UHE neutrino generation. For searches which use the Moon as a target, we summarize the physics of the interaction, properties of the resulting Cerenkov radio pulse, detection statistics, effective aperture scaling laws, and derivation of upper limits for isotropic and point source models. We report on initial results from the RESUN search, which uses the Expanded Very Large Array configured in multiple sub-arrays of four antennas at 1.45 GHz pointing along the lunar limb. We detected no pulses of lunar origin during 45 observing hours. This implies upper limits to the differential neutrino flux E^2 dN/dE < 0.003 EeV km^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} and < 0.0003 EeV km$^{-2} s^{-1} at 90% confidence level for isotropic and sampled point sources respectively, in the neutrino energy range 10^{21.6} < E(eV) < 10^{22.6}. The isotropic flux limit is comparable to the lowest published upper limits for lunar searches. The full RESUN search, with an additional 200 hours observing time and an improved data acquisition scheme, will be be an order of magnitude more sensitive in the energy range 10^{21} < E(eV) < 10^{22} than previous lunar-target searches, and will test Z burst models of neutrino generation.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Quantum hypothesis testing and sufficient subalgebras
Creators: name: Jencova, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new notion of a sufficient subalgebra for quantum states: a subalgebra is 2- sufficient for a pair of states $\{ρ_0,ρ_1\}$ if it contains all Bayes optimal tests of $ρ_0$ against $ρ_1$. In classical statistics, this corresponds to the usual definition of sufficiency. We show this correspondence in the quantum setting for some special cases. Furthermore, we show that sufficiency is equivalent to 2 - sufficiency, if the latter is required for $\{ρ_0^{\otimes n},ρ_1^{\otimes}\}$, for all $n$.
description: 12 pages
Measurement of the branching fractions and the invariant mass distributions for tau^- -> h^-h^+h^-nu_tau decays
Creators: name: Lee, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of tau->pipipinu, tau->Kpipinu, tau->KKpinu, and tau->KKKnu decays using a 666 fb-1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at and near a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The branching fractions are measured to be: B(tau->pipipinu) = (8.42+-0.01+0.26-0.25) x 10^-2, B(tau->Kpipinu) = (3.30+-0.01+0.16-0.17) x 10^-3, B(tau->KKpinu) = (1.55+-0.01+0.06-0.05) x 10^-3, and B(tau->KKKnu) = (3.29+-0.17+0.19-0.20) x 10^-5, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These branching fractions do not include contributions from modes in which a pi^+pi^- pair originates from a Ks decay. We also present the unfolded invariant mass distributions for these decays.
description: To appear at Physical Review D. Discussions on the systematic uncertainties of the unfolded mass spectrum are added
Constraints on the flux of primary cosmic-ray photons at energies E > 10^18 eV from Yakutsk muon data
Creators: name: Glushkov, A. V.
name: Makarov, I. T.
name: Pravdin, M. I.
name: Sleptsov, I. E.
name: Gorbunov, D. S.
name: Rubtsov, G. I.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparing the signals measured by the surface and underground scintillator detectors of the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array, we place upper limits on the integral flux and the fraction of primary cosmic-ray photons with energies E > 10^18 eV, E > 2*10^18 eV and E > 4*10^18 eV. The large collected statistics of the showers measured by large-area muon detectors provides a sensitivity to photon fractions < 10^-2, thus achieving precision previously unreachable at ultra-high energies.
description: journal version, including comparison to Auger results as requested by anonymous referee
Engineering antiferromagnetic skyrmions and antiskyrmions at metallic interfaces
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Arnob
name: Kathyat, Deepak S.
name: Kumar, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a mechanism to convert skyrmions and antiskyrmions into their antiferromagnetic (AFM) counterparts via interfacial engineering. The key idea is to combine properties of an antiferromagnet and a spin-orbit (SO) coupled metal. Utilizing hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) simulations for a generic microscopic electronic Hamiltonian for the interfacial layers, we explicitly show the emergence of AFM skyrmions and AFM antiskyrmions. We further show that an effective spin Hamiltonian provides a simpler understanding of the results. We discuss the role of electronic itinerancy in determining the nature of magnetic textures, and demonstrate that the mechanism also allows for a tuning of antiskyrmion size without changing the SO coupling.
description: 10 pages including supplemental material, 6 figures in manuscript, and 3 figures in supplemental material
Chrysodeixis chalcites
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Eyjolf
name: Behounek, Gottfried
name: Hoppe, Henri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Chrysodeixis
Chrysodeixis chalcites

description: Chrysodeixis chalcites (ESPER, [1789])
M a t e r i a l u n t e r s u c h t: Boa Vista, Rabil, Ribeira do Rabil, 20-30m, 2.- 3.1.2001, 2 ex., Sal Rei, 5m, 7.1.2001, 1 ex., Brava, Nova Sintra, Fajã d’Agua, 50 m, 09.12.2002, Sorno, 50 m, 04.12.2004, Lem, 420 m, 30.11.2002, 07.+ 10.12.2002, San Pedro, 500 m, 03.03.2003, Cova Rodela, 650 m, 12.01.2003, Santana, 490 m, 05.11.2004 bis 11.01.2005 und vom 29.09.bis 04.10.2007 wurden insgesamt 124 ex. belegt, Sal, Espargos, 3 km N, 28.11.2000, 2 ex.
V e r b r e i t u n g: palaeotropisch-subtropisch (Mediterraneis, Aethiopis, Orientalis, Australis).
description: Published as part of Aistleitner, Eyjolf, Behounek, Gottfried & Hoppe, Henri, 2023, Ergänzende Daten zur Noctuiden-Fauna der Kapverden (Cabo Verde) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae), pp. 475-506 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 483, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414294
Testing future weak lensing surveys through simulations of observations
Creators: name: Bellagamba, Fabio <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: Weak lensing experiments such as the future ESA-accepted mission Euclid aim to measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented accuracy.  It is important to assess the precision that can be obtained in these measurements by applying analysis software on mock images that contain many sources of noise present in the real data. In this Thesis, we show a method to perform simulations of observations, that produce realistic images of the sky according to characteristics of the instrument and of the survey. We then use these images to test the performances of the Euclid mission. In particular, we concentrate on the precision of the photometric redshift measurements, which are key data to perform cosmic shear tomography. We calculate the fraction of the total observed sample that must be discarded to reach the required level of precision, that is equal to 0.05(1+z) for a galaxy with measured redshift z, with different ancillary ground-based observations. The results highlight the importance of u-band observations, especially to discriminate between low (z < 0.5) and high (z ~ 3) redshifts, and the need for good observing sites, with seeing FWHM < 1. arcsec. We then construct an optimal filter to detect galaxy clusters through photometric catalogues of galaxies, and we test it on the COSMOS field, obtaining 27 lensing-confirmed detections. Applying this algorithm on mock Euclid data, we verify the possibility to detect clusters with mass above 10^14.2 solar masses with a low rate of false detections.
Holographic superconductors in the Born-Infeld electrodynamics
Creators: name: Jing, Jiliang
name: Chen, Songbai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of the Born-Infeld electrodynamics on the holographic superconductors in the background of a Schwarzschild AdS black hole spacetime. We find that the presence of Born-Infeld scale parameter decreases the critical temperature and the ratio of the gap frequency in conductivity to the critical temperature for the condensates. Our results means that it is harder for the scalar condensation to form in the Born-Infeld electrodynamics.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, references added and corrected, the version appears in PLB