cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic differences in the health behaviour of children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study
Creators: name: Kuntz, Benjamin
name: Waldhauer, Julia
name: Zeiher, Johannes
name: Finger, Jonas D.
name: Lampert, Thomas
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Socioeconomic Status
subject: Physical Activity
subject: Diet
subject: Health Monitoring
subject: KIGGS
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Childhood and adolescence are key determining stages for health behaviour in the life course. Frequently, healthrelated attitudes and patterns of behaviour that develop at young age are also maintained at adult age. As studies show, already during childhood and adolescence, patterns of health risk behaviour are more common in certain population groups. KiGGS Wave 2 results confirm that 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) eat a less healthy diet, do fewer sports and are more often overweight or obese than their peers from more affluent backgrounds. Whereas socioeconomic differences appear to have little effect on levels of alcohol consumption among 11- to 17 year-olds, girls and boys with low SES smoke more frequently than their peers with high SES. Prevention and health promotion encourage children and adolescents to adopt healthy lifestyles, and aim to drive structural changes to stimulate behaviour which promotes good health. Combining measures that target individual behaviour and a settings-based approach appears to be the most promising preventative approach to reduce health inequalities among young people. Due to the clear impacts of socioeconomic differences on health behaviour already at young age measures for disadvantaged children and adolescents and their living conditions should be given an even stronger focus in the future.
Engineering splicing factors with designed specificities
Creators: name: Tanaka Hall, Traci M
name: Wang, Yang
name: Cheong, Cheom-Gil
name: Wang, Zefeng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Alternative splicing is generally regulated by trans-acting factors that specifically bind pre-mRNA to activate or inhibit the splicing reaction. This regulation is critical for normal gene expression, and dysregulation of splicing is closely associated with human diseases. Here we engineer artificial splicing factors by combining sequence-specific RNA-binding domains of human Pumilio1 with functional domains that regulate splicing. We applied these factors to modulate different types of alternative splicing in selected targets, examine the activity of effector domains from natural splicing factors, and modulate splicing of an endogenous gene, Bcl-x, an anti-cancer target. The designer factor targeted to Bcl-x increased the pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS splicing isoform, thus promoting apoptosis and increasing chemosensitivity of cancer cells to common anti-tumor drugs. Our approach permits the creation of artificial factors to target virtually any pre-mRNA, providing a new strategy to study splicing regulation and manipulate disease-associated splicing events.
Systematic evaluation of factors influencing ChIP-seq fidelity
Creators: name: Kim, Tae-Kyung
name: White, Kevin P
name: Wold, Barbara J
name: Bickel, Peter J
name: Ruan, Yijun
name: Liu, Tao
name: Li, Qunhua
name: Chen, Yiwen
name: Lieb, Jason D
name: Negre, Nicolas
name: Liu, X Shirley
name: Slattery, Matthew
name: Mieczkowska, Joanna O
name: Myers, Richard M
name: He, Housheng Hansen
name: Zieba, Jennifer
name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We performed a systematic evaluation of how variations in sequencing depth and other parameters influence interpretation of Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments. Using Drosophila S2 cells, we generated ChIP-seq datasets for a site-specific transcription factor (Suppressor of Hairy-wing) and a histone modification (H3K36me3). We detected a chromatin state bias, open chromatin regions yielded higher coverage, which led to false positives if not corrected and had a greater effect on detection specificity than any base-composition bias. Paired-end sequencing revealed that single-end data underestimated ChIP library complexity at high coverage. The removal of reads originating at the same base reduced false-positives while having little effect on detection sensitivity. Even at a depth of ~1 read/bp coverage of mappable genome, ~1% of the narrow peaks detected on a tiling array were missed by ChIP-seq. Evaluation of widely-used ChIP-seq analysis tools suggests that adjustments or algorithm improvements are required to handle datasets with deep coverage.
Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) as a Driver of Curriculum: A Staged Approach
Creators: name: Aparicio-Ting, Fabiola E
name: Slater, Donna M
name: Kurz, Ebba U
Publisher: name: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching
Year: 2019

description: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, Vol. 3 (2019)
Vacuum solutions of Einstein equations that depend on one coordinate
Creators: name: Parnovsky, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the famous textbook written by Landau and Lifshitz all the vacuum metrics of the general theory of relativity are derived, which depend on one coordinate in the absence of a cosmological constant. Unfortunately, when considering these solutions, the authors missed some of the possible solutions discussed in this article. An exact solution is demonstrated, which is absent in the book by Landau and Lifshitz. It describes space-time with a gravitational wave of zero frequency. It is shown that there are no other solutions of this type than listed above and Minkowski's metrics. The list of vacuum metrics that depend on one coordinate is not complete without the solution provided in this paper.
description: 2 pages
Relativistic MOND from Modified Energetics
Creators: name: Demir, Durmus Ali
name: Karahan, Canan Nurhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We begin to investigate the question of what modifications in energy-momentum tensor can yield correct MOND regime. As a starting study, we refrain from insisting on an action principle and focus exclusively on the equations of motion. The present work, despite the absence of an explicit action functional, can be regarded to extend Milgrom's modified inertia approach to relativistic domain. Our results show that a proper MOND limit arises if energy-momentum tensor is modified to involve determinant of the metric tensor in reference to the flat metric, where the latter is dynamically generated as in gravitational Higgs mechanism. This modified energy-momentum tensor is conserved in both Newtonian and MONDian regimes.
description: 7pp
Sport- und Ernährungsverhalten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 und Trends
Creators: name: Krug, Susanne
name: Finger, Jonas D.
name: Lange, Cornelia
name: Richter, Almut
name: Mensink, Gert B. M.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sporttreiben
subject: Ernährung
subject: Einflussfaktoren
subject: KIGGS
subject: Gesundheitsmonitoring
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: In diesem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Indikatoren zum Sport- und Ernährungsverhalten betrachtet, zwei wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf die Entwicklung einer Adipositas. Die Analysen beziehen sich auf die in der zweiten Folgeerhebung der Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland (KiGGS Welle 2, 2014 – 2017) mittels Fragebogen erhobenen Daten von 6.810 Mädchen und 6.758 Jungen im Alter zwischen 3 und 17 Jahren sowie auf den Vergleich zur KiGGS-Basiserhebung (2003 – 2006). Mehr als 70 % der 3- bis 17-Jährigen geben an, Sport zu treiben, Jungen signifikant häufiger als Mädchen und 11- bis 17-Jährige häufiger als 3- bis 10-Jährige. Elterliches Sporttreiben und eine bewegungsfreundliche Wohnumgebung sind mit dem Sporttreiben der Kinder und Jugendlichen assoziiert. Jüngere Kinder und Mädchen ernähren sich gesünder als ältere Kinder und Jungen. Einerseits ist der Konsum von Süßwaren und zuckerhaltigen Getränken im Vergleich zur KiGGS-Basiserhebung bei 3- bis 17-Jährigen signifikant zurückgegangen, andererseits essen insbesondere 11- bis 17-Jährige heute im Vergleich zu vor etwa zehn Jahren signifikant weniger Gemüse. Obwohl 3- bis 10-Jährige heute signifikant häufiger als vor etwa zehn Jahren mindestens fünf Portionen Obst und Gemüse pro Tag zu sich nehmen, ist der Anteil derjenigen, die diese Empfehlung erreichen, mit insgesamt 14 % sehr gering. Neben dem Vorleben eines gesunden Lebensstils in der Familie und in den Lebenswelten, in welchen Kinder und Jugendliche aufwachsen, müssen auch Wohnumgebungen gesundheitsorientierter gestaltet werden, damit Kinder und Jugendliche dabei unterstützt werden, die nationalen Empfehlungen zu körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität und gesunder Ernährung zu erreichen.
Inferring causal structure: a quantum advantage
Creators: name: Ried, Katja
name: Agnew, Megan
name: Vermeyden, Lydia
name: Janzing, Dominik
name: Spekkens, Robert W.
name: Resch, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of using observed correlations to infer causal relations is relevant to a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Yet given correlations between just two classical variables, it is impossible to determine whether they arose from a causal influence of one on the other or a common cause influencing both, unless one can implement a randomized intervention. We here consider the problem of causal inference for quantum variables. We introduce causal tomography, which unifies and generalizes conventional quantum tomography schemes to provide a complete solution to the causal inference problem using a quantum analogue of a randomized trial. We furthermore show that, in contrast to the classical case, observed quantum correlations alone can sometimes provide a solution. We implement a quantum-optical experiment that allows us to control the causal relation between two optical modes, and two measurement schemes -- one with and one without randomization -- that extract this relation from the observed correlations. Our results show that entanglement and coherence, known to be central to quantum information processing, also provide a quantum advantage for causal inference.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. Comments welcome
Response from Stan Graves to Richard Strimel, Proposed Fence and Gate Plan, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Creators: name: Graves, Stanley O.
Publisher: name: Texas Historical Commission
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: JBSA-Sam Houston
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82532/jbsa-sam-houston
subject: San Antonio
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4149/san-antonio
subject: Bexar (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4150/bexar-county
subject: Texas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6923/texas
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: Detailed correspondence of the Texas Historical Commission's feedback on Fort Sam Houston's submittal of drawings illustrating the proposed design of fences and gates at Fort Sam Houston Texas.
Systematic reconstruction of RNA functional motifs with high-throughput microfluidics
Creators: name: Meier, Matthias
name: Quake, Stephen R
name: Martin, Lance
name: Marzluff, William F
name: Lyons, Shawn M
name: Sit, Rene V
name: Chang, Howard Y
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We present RNA-MITOMI, a microfluidic platform for integrated synthesis and functional assays across thousands of RNAs. The interaction of a comprehensive library of RNA mutants with stem loop binding protein precisely defined the RNA structural and sequence features that govern affinity. The functional motif reconstructed in a single experiment on our platform uncovers novel binding specificities and enriches interpretation of phylogenetic data.
Tobacco and alcohol use among 11- to 17-year-olds in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends
Creators: name: Zeiher, Johannes
name: Lange, Cornelia
name: Starker, Anne
name: Lampert, Thomas
name: Kuntz, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tobacco Use
subject: Alcohol Consumption
subject: Trends
subject: Health Monitoring
subject: KIGGS
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Tobacco and alcohol use are among the leading preventable risk factors associated with premature mortality and a variety of diseases that have long-term effects. Although tobacco and alcohol use among adults is widespread in Germany, there is a trend towards lower levels of consumption. The foundations for health-related behaviour in adulthood are set at an early age: young people who use alcohol and tobacco also tend to do so regularly when they reach adulthood. With this in mind, health policies should focus on preventing young people from smoking, and encouraging them to adopt a responsible, low-risk approach to alcohol. This article analyses patterns of tobacco and alcohol use among children and adolescents (aged between 11 and 17 years). It describes the prevalences of tobacco and alcohol use, as well as trends and correlates. The data used in this article was sourced from the second follow-up to the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The survey’s results show that 7.2% of 11- to 17-year-old children and adolescents smoke at least occasionally, with 3.7% doing so daily. The survey also demonstrates that a good half (51.0%) of 11- to 17-year-olds have ever drunk alcohol; at-risk drinking was prevalent among 12.1%, and heavy episodic drinking among 7.0%. The consumption of tobacco and alcohol increases considerably with age. Patterns of at-risk drinking and heavy episodic drinking show gender-associated differences: While more girls than boys practice at-risk drinking, more boys than girls practice heavy episodic drinking. Nevertheless, the KiGGS survey waves demonstrate a highly significant trend towards a decline in tobacco use (KiGGS baseline study 21.4%, KiGGS Wave 1 12.4%). The proportion of 11- to 17-year-olds who have ever drunk alcohol is also declining (KiGGS baseline study 63.9%, KiGGS Wave 1 55.6%). The proportions of at-risk drinking (KiGGS Wave 1 16.5%) and heavy episodic drinking (KiGGS Wave 1 12.0%) decreased as well. The results presented here are in line with findings from other studies that have surveyed adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in Germany, and they underscore the success of preventive measures.
Pathfinders: Realizing Reconciliation Through Lessons Learned
Creators: name: Poitras Pratt, Yvonne
name: Danyluk, Patricia
name: Beech, Sarah
name: Charlebois, Sarah
name: Evans, Clancy
name: Fehr, Alyssa
name: Nielsen, Amanda
name: Sanregret, Angela
Publisher: name: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching
Year: 2019

description: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, Vol. 3 (2019)
Three-dimensional RNA structure refinement by hydroxyl radical probing
Creators: name: Weeks, Kevin M
name: Lavender, Christopher A
name: Ding, Feng
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Molecular modeling guided by experimentally-derived structural information is an attractive approach for three-dimensional structure determination of complex RNAs that are not amenable to study by high-resolution methods. Hydroxyl radical probing (HRP), performed routinely in many laboratories, provides a measure of solvent accessibility at individual nucleotides. HRP measurements have, to date, only been used to evaluate RNA models qualitatively. Here, we report development of a quantitative structure refinement approach using HRP measurements to drive discrete molecular dynamics simulations for RNAs ranging in size from 80 to 230 nucleotides. HRP reactivities were first used to identify RNAs that form extensive helical packing interactions. For these RNAs, we achieved highly significant structure predictions, given inputs of RNA sequence and base pairing. This HRP-directed tertiary structure refinement approach generates robust structural hypotheses useful for guiding explorations of structure-function interrelationships in RNA.
A pharmacological organization of G protein–coupled receptors
Creators: name: Lin, Henry
name: Sassano, Maria F
name: Roth, Bryan L
name: Shoichet, Brian K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Protein classification typically uses structural, sequence, or functional similarity. Here we introduce an orthogonal method that organizes proteins by ligand similarity, focusing here on the class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protein family. Comparing a ligand-based dendogram to a sequence-based one, we sought examples of GPCRs that were distantly linked by sequence but neighbors by ligand similarity. Experimental testing of compounds predicted to link three of these new pairs confirmed the predicted association, with potencies ranging from the low-nanomolar to low-micromolar. We then identified hundreds of non-GPCRs closely related to GPCRs by ligand similarity, including the CXCR2 chemokine receptor to Casein kinase I, the cannabinoid receptors to epoxide hydrolase 2, and the α2 adrenergic receptor to phospholipase D. These, too, were confirmed experimentally. Ligand similarities among these targets may reflect a chemical integration in the time domain of molecular signaling.
Evolving from Student to Teacher: Insights from the Conversation Café on Doctoral Student Mentorship
Creators: name: Azulai, Anna
name: Fulton, Amy
name: Walsh, Christine
name: Gulbrandsen, Carolyn
name: Tong, Hongmei
Publisher: name: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching
Year: 2019

description: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, Vol. 3 (2019)
Soziale Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2
Creators: name: Kuntz, Benjamin
name: Waldhauer, Julia
name: Zeiher, Johannes
name: Finger, Jonas D.
name: Lampert, Thomas
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sozioökonomischer Status
subject: Bewegung
subject: Ernährung
subject: Gesundheitsmonitoring
subject: KIGGS
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Im Kindes- und Jugendalter werden die Weichen für das Gesundheitsverhalten im späteren Leben gestellt. Gesundheitsbezogene Einstellungen und Verhaltensmuster, die sich in jungen Jahren ausbilden, haben oftmals bis ins Erwachsenenalter hinein Bestand. Studien zeigen, dass gesundheitsriskante Verhaltensweisen bereits im Kindesund Jugendalter in bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen vermehrt auftreten. Die Ergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 bestätigen, dass sich 3- bis 17-jährige Kinder und Jugendliche mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) häufiger als Gleichaltrige aus sozial bessergestellten Familien ungesund ernähren, seltener Sport treiben und häufiger übergewichtig oder adipös sind. Während sich im Hinblick auf den Alkoholkonsum bei den 11- bis 17-Jährigen nur geringfügige soziale Unterschiede abzeichnen, zeigt sich beim Tabakkonsum, dass Mädchen und Jungen mit niedrigem SES häufiger rauchen als Gleichaltrige mit hohem SES. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zielen darauf ab, Kinder und Jugendliche an eine gesundheitsbewusste Lebensweise heranzuführen und die strukturellen Voraussetzungen für gesundheitsförderliches Verhalten zu verbessern. Eine Kombination aus verhaltens- und verhältnispräventiven Ansätzen scheint dabei besonders erfolgversprechend zu sein. Angesichts der bereits früh im Lebenslauf ausgeprägten sozialen Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten sollten Maßnahmen noch stärker als bisher sozial benachteiligte Kinder und Jugendliche und deren Lebensbedingungen in den Blick nehmen.
Probing the Parsec-scale Accretion Flow of 3C 84 with Millimeter Polarimetry
Creators: name: Plambeck, R. L.
name: Bower, G. C.
name: Rao, Ramprasad
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: Jorstad, S. G.
name: Marscher, A. P.
name: Doeleman, S. S.
name: Fish, V. L.
name: Johnson, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of Faraday rotation toward radio source 3C 84, the active galactic nucleus in NGC1275 at the core of the Perseus Cluster. The rotation measure (RM), determined from polarization observations at wavelengths of 1.3 and 0.9 mm, is (8.7 +/- 2.3) x 10^5 radians/m^2, among the largest ever measured. The RM remained relatively constant over a 2 year period even as the intrinsic polarization position angle wrapped through a span of 300 degrees. The Faraday rotation is likely to originate either in the boundary layer of the radio jet from the nucleus, or in the accretion flow onto the central black hole. The accretion flow probably is disk-like rather than spherical on scales of less than a parsec, otherwise the RM would be even larger.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Movements in Mentorship: Exploring Shifting Boundaries and Roles in a Faculty-Graduate Student-Undergraduate Student Mentorship Micro-community
Creators: name: Dorland, AnneMarie
name: Johnston, Dawn
name: Henderson, Monica Jean
Publisher: name: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching
Year: 2019

description: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, Vol. 3 (2019)
Engineering the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using Cas9-triggered homologous recombination
Creators: name: Goldstein, Bob
name: Ward, Jordan D
name: Dickinson, Daniel J
name: Reiner, David J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided important insights in a wide range of fields in biology. The ability to precisely modify genomes is critical to fully realize the utility of model organisms. Here, we report a method to edit the C. elegans genome using the Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease followed by homologous recombination. We demonstrate that Cas9 is able to induce DNA double-strand breaks with specificity for targeted sites, and that these breaks can be efficiently repaired by homologous recombination. By supplying engineered homologous repair templates, we generated GFP knock-ins and targeted mutations. Together, our results outline a flexible methodology to produce essentially any desired modification in the C. elegans genome quickly and at low cost. This technology is an important addition to the array of genetic techniques already available in this experimentally tractable model organism.
“Moving in Data”: The Open Data Gaze as a form of Municipal Statecraft in the Entrepreneurial City
Creators: Graham,Hannah
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Globally speaking, data-driven urbanism is on the rise. As data becomes more readily available and important in contemporary economies, municipal governments are adopting new ways of managing and planning cities. By transforming themselves via urban data, cities can position themselves to be economically competitive, embedded in global networks, and increasingly connected to their citizens. Edmonton is a city that has reacted to these global trends and adopted smart city policies and data-driven processes. By implementing initiatives such as the Smart City Strategy (2017) and the Open City Policy (2015), and creating the Open Data Program, Edmonton has capitalized on this digital shift and positioned itself to use data and technology to promote and manage growth.

This research set out to address the following question: how has data-driven urbanism unfolded in Edmonton, Alberta? It addresses this question using a multi-method qualitative research approach which included key informant interviews, policy document analysis, and a case study of the Open Data Program. To analyze data-driven urbanism in Edmonton scholarly literature on data-driven urbanism, entrepreneurial urbanism and the data gaze was applied.

Through researching data-driven urbanism in Edmonton, the thesis developed an original concept: the open data gaze. The open data gaze describes the discourses, infrastructures and practices at work in Open Data Program, and how they work together to apply and expand the data gaze. The thesis concludes with an exploration of the open data gaze in relation to literature consulted. This exploration addresses how the open data gaze acts as an exemplar of municipal statecraft. As a form of municipal statecraft, the open data gaze is applied towards entrepreneurial ends. The City of Edmonton uses the open data gaze as a process for transforming Edmonton into a data-driven city. This transformation is predicated on the desire to become an entrepreneurial city. Ultimately, the thesis concludes that the open data gaze can be understood as a process by which data-driven urbanism in Edmonton is entrepreneurialized.
Exploring and Documenting the Stories and Experiences of Plus-Size Cisgender Women in Karachi
Creators: Memon, Khush Bakht
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

The research documents and explores the living stories and experiences of five cisgender plus-size women from Karachi, Pakistan, from the ages of 25-30 years, through an intersectional lens and feminist approach, to understand their relationship with their bodies since childhood to their daily experiences in society that includes their mobility in public and private spaces. Each participant also discusses the representation of plus-size bodies within Karachi society to provide representation in the academia and validate their stories. Plus-size women have complicated relationships with their bodies due to society’s prejudice against big bodies, which is projected in the form of body shaming, policing, and hypersexualization. As a result, this induces body image issues impacting their mobility in public and private spaces. The lack of representation across different mediums such as mass media, social media, literature, and fashion industry plays a huge role in cementing the prejudices embedded in Pakistani society against plus-size women.

In conclusion, regardless of all the aforementioned discrimination, disparity, invisibility, and lack of representation, the interviewed women have been resilient, and this thesis is an attempt to reclaim the narratives of plus-size cisgender women in Karachi; provide visibility; validate their stories by making space for them in academia to support future community engaged scholarship; and, native community engagement workers to create strength-based resources.
RNA motif discovery by SHAPE and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP)
Creators: name: Busan, Steven
name: Nelson, Julie A E
name: Weeks, Kevin M
name: Rice, Greggory M
name: Siegfried, Nathan A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Many biological processes are RNA-mediated, but higher-order structures for most RNAs are unknown, making it difficult to understand how RNA structure governs function. Here we describe SHAPE mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) that makes possible de novo and large-scale identification of RNA functional motifs. Sites of 2’-hydroxyl acylation by SHAPE are encoded as non-complementary nucleotides during cDNA synthesis, as measured by massively parallel sequencing. SHAPE-MaP-guided modeling identified greater than 90% of accepted base pairs in complex RNAs of known structure and was used to define a second-generation model for the HIV-1 RNA genome. The HIV-1 model contains all known structured motifs and previously unknown elements, including experimentally validated pseudoknots. SHAPE-MaP yields accurate and high-resolution secondary structure models, enables analysis of low abundance RNAs, disentangles sequence polymorphisms in single experiments, and will ultimately democratize RNA structure analysis.
Adaptive Exponential Runge–Kutta Pairs for Stiff Differential Equations
Creators: Zoto, Thoma
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Numerical methods are one of the most important aspects in the computer modelling of physical phenomena governed by differential equations. In order to study these phenomena precisely and in a timely manner, we need to use robust and efficient numerical methods for solving the underlying differential equations. The aim of exponential integrator methods is to provide robustness when solving stiff differential equations and the aim of this work is not only to construct new exponential integrators, but also to introduce ideas that allow for efficient implementation of such methods.

An extensive discussion on stiffness, concluding with a definition of numerical stiffness, is given in Chapter 2. Exponential integrator methods as well as the order conditions that need to be satisfied by them are presented in Chapter 3. Embedded methods and step-size adjustment is discussed in Chapter 4, together with a new optimized embedded exponential integrator method denoted ERK43ZB. In Chapter 5 we present a novel idea involving the Schur decomposition that allows for a substantial increase in the efficiency and memory usage of exponential integrators, in particular embedded exponential integrators. The thesis ends with two Mathematica scripts given in Appendix A and B that are used to check the order of an exponential method and to systematically construct new optimized embedded exponential methods, respectively.
Single Molecule Cluster Analysis dissects splicing pathway conformational dynamics
Creators: name: Laederach, Alain
name: Blanco, Mario R
name: Martin, Joshua S
name: Abelson, John
name: Walter, Nils G
name: Krishnan, Ramya
name: Kahlscheuer, Matthew L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The spliceosome is the dynamic RNA-protein machine responsible for faithfully splicing introns from precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Many of the dynamic processes required for the proper assembly, catalytic activation, and disassembly of the spliceosome as it acts on its pre-mRNA substrate remain poorly understood, a challenge that persists for many biomolecular machines. Here, we developed a fluorescence-based Single Molecule Cluster Analysis (SiMCAn) tool to dissect the manifold conformational dynamics of a pre-mRNA through the splicing cycle. By clustering common dynamic behaviors derived from selectively blocked splicing reactions, SiMCAn was able to identify signature conformations and dynamic behaviors of multiple ATP-dependent intermediates. In addition, it identified a conformation adopted late in splicing by a 3′ splice site mutant, invoking a mechanism for substrate proofreading. SiMCAn presents a novel framework for interpreting complex single molecule behaviors that should prove widely useful for the comprehensive analysis of a plethora of dynamic cellular machines.
Real-time chemical responses in the nucleus accumbens differentiate rewarding and aversive stimuli
Creators: name: Wightman, R Mark
name: Roitman, Mitchell F
name: Carelli, Regina M
name: Wheeler, Robert A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Rewarding and aversive stimuli evoke very different patterns of behavior and are rapidly discriminated. Here taste stimuli of opposite hedonic valence evoked opposite patterns of dopamine and metabolic activity within milliseconds in the nucleus accumbens. This rapid encoding may serve to guide ongoing behavioral responses and promote plastic changes in underlying circuitry.
Weighted multilinear Hardy operators and commutators
Creators: name: Fu, Zun Wei
name: Gong, Shu Li
name: Lu, Shan Zhen
name: Yuan, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47G10, 47H60, 47A63, 47A30

description: In this paper, we introduce a type of weighted multilinear Hardy operators and obtain their sharp bounds on the product of Lebesgue spaces and central Morrey spaces. In addition, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions of the weight functions so that the commutators of the weighted multilinear Hardy operators (with symbols in central BMO space) are bounded on the product of central Morrey spaces. These results are further used to prove sharp estimates of some inequalities due to Riemann-Liouville and Weyl.
description: 19 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1407.0156 by other authors
GSK-3 is a master regulator of neural progenitor homeostasis
Creators: name: Doble, Bradley W
name: Patel, Satish
name: Wu, Yaohong
name: Wang, Xinshuo
name: Snider, William D
name: Woodgett, James R
name: Kim, Woo-Yang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The development of the brain requires the exquisite coordination of progenitor proliferation and differentiation to achieve complex circuit assembly. It has been suggested that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) acts as an integrating molecule for multiple proliferation and differentiation signals because of its essential role in the RTK, Wnt and Shh signaling pathways. We created conditional mutations that deleted both the α and β forms of GSK-3 in mouse neural progenitors. GSK-3 deletion resulted in massive hyperproliferation of neural progenitors along the entire neuraxis. Generation of both intermediate neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons was markedly suppressed. These effects were associated with the dysregulation of β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch and fibroblast growth factor signaling. Our results indicate that GSK-3 signaling is an essential mediator of homeostatic controls that regulate neural progenitors during mammalian brain development.
Ube3a is required for experience-dependent maturation of the neocortex
Creators: name: Riday, Thorfinn T
name: Yashiro, Koji
name: Prakash, Rohit
name: Roberts, Adam C
name: Philpot, Benjamin D
name: Bernardo, Danilo R
name: Ehlers, Michael D
name: Condon, Kathryn H
name: Weinberg, Richard J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Experience-dependent maturation of neocortical circuits is required for normal sensory and cognitive abilities, which are distorted in neurodevelopmental disorders. We have tested whether experience-dependent neocortical modifications require Ube3a, an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysregulation has been implicated in autism and Angelman syndrome (AS). Using visual cortex as a model, we demonstrate that experience-dependent maturation of excitatory cortical circuits is severely impaired in AS mice deficient in Ube3a. This developmental defect is associated with profound impairments in neocortical plasticity. Remarkably, normal plasticity is preserved under conditions of sensory deprivation, but rapidly lost by sensory experiences. The loss of neocortical plasticity is reversible, as late-onset visual deprivation restores normal synaptic plasticity. Further, Ube3a-deficient mice lack ocular dominance plasticity in vivo when challenged with monocular deprivation. These results show that Ube3a is necessary to maintain plasticity during experience-dependent neocortical development, and suggest that loss of neocortical plasticity contributes to deficits associated with AS.
CRF receptor 1 regulates anxiety behavior via sensitization of 5-HT2 receptor signaling
Creators: name: Yadav, Prem N
name: Anisman, Hymie
name: Holmes, Kevin D
name: Dale, Lianne B
name: Roth, Bryan L
name: Drysdale, Linsay
name: Magalhaes, Ana C
name: Ferguson, Stephen S G
name: Pin, Jean-Philippe
name: Poulter, Michael O
name: Comps-Agrar, Laetitia
name: Lee, Dennis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: 5-HT2 and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptors both regulate stress responses and anxiety behavior; however, potential cross-talk between the two pathways is poorly understood. Magalhaes et al. find that CRF receptor activation causes cell-surface recruitment of constitutively internalized 5-HT2 receptor and that this mechanism is relevant to anxiety-related behaviors.
Nr3a-containing NMDA receptors promote neurotransmitter release and spike timing-dependent plasticity
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Nobuki
name: Corlew, Rebekah J
name: Henson, Maile A
name: Pérez-Otaño, Isabel
name: Philpot, Benjamin D
name: Weinberg, Richard J
name: Larsen, Rylan S
name: Mishina, Masayoshi
name: Lipton, Stuart A
name: Roberts, Adam C
name: Watanabe, Masahiko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic-acting NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) are important for neocortical synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that unique properties of the Nr3a subunit enable preNMDARs to enhance spontaneous and evoked glutamate release and that Nr3a is required for spike timing–dependent long-term depression in the juvenile mouse visual cortex. In the mature cortex, Nr2b-containing preNMDARs enhanced neurotransmission in the absence of magnesium, indicating that presynaptic NMDARs may function under depolarizing conditions throughout life. Our findings indicate that Nr3a relieves preNMDARs from the dual-activation requirement of ligand-binding and depolarization; the developmental removal of Nr3a limits preNMDAR functionality by restoring this associative property.
OAHP Inventory, Building 901 Playhouse, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Creators: name: Walter, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Fort Sam Houston
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83681/fort-sam-houston
subject: San Antonio
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4149/san-antonio
subject: Bexar (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4150/bexar-county
subject: Texas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6923/texas
subject: Fort Sam Houston National Historic Landmark District
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82955/fort-sam-houston-national-historic-landmark-district
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Governmental Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/318/governmental-structure
subject: Historic Governmental Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/320/historic-governmental-structure
subject: Non-Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/309/non-domestic-structures
subject: OAHP
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138292/oahp
subject: Building 901
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146466/building-901
subject: Playhouse
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/160504/playhouse
subject: Architectural Documentation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/16/architectural-documentation
subject: Architectural Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/2/architectural-survey
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: An inventory form by the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation for Building 901 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The structure was built in 1941 as the Fort Sam Houston Playhouse. Included in the inventory are black and white photographs taken in 1980 of the structure.
Tuning of the hole spin relaxation time in single self-assembled In$_{1-x}$Ga$_x$As/GaAs quantum dots by electric field
Creators: name: Wei, Hai
name: Guo, G-C
name: He, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electric field tuning of the phonon-assisted hole spin relaxation in single self-assembled In$_{1-x}$Ga$_{x}$As/GaAs quantum dots, using an atomistic empirical pseudopotential method. We find that the electric field along the growth direction can tune the hole spin relaxation time for more than one order of magnitude. The electric field can prolong or shorten the hole spin lifetime and the tuning shows an asymmetry in terms of the field direction. The asymmetry is more pronounced for the taller the dot. The results show that the electric field is an effective way to tune the hole spin-relaxation in self-assembled QDs.
An Experiential Learning Model: Collaborative Student Creations of Multidisciplinary Community Classroom Experience
Creators: name: Boschman, Lorelei
name: Whidden, Colleen
name: McLester, Jason
Publisher: name: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching
Year: 2019

description: Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, Vol. 3 (2019)
OAHP Inventory, Building A2412 and Building B2412, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Creators: name: Walter, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Fort Sam Houston
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83681/fort-sam-houston
subject: San Antonio
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4149/san-antonio
subject: Bexar (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4150/bexar-county
subject: Texas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6923/texas
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Governmental Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/318/governmental-structure
subject: Historic Governmental Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/320/historic-governmental-structure
subject: Non-Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/309/non-domestic-structures
subject: Building a2412
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146576/building-a2412
subject: OAHP
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138292/oahp
subject: Grease Racks
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/159092/grease-racks
subject: Building B2412
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146577/building-b2412
subject: Wash Platforms
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/159093/wash-platforms
subject: Architectural Documentation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/16/architectural-documentation
subject: Architectural Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/2/architectural-survey
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: An inventory form by the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation for Building A2412 and Building B2412 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The structures were built in 1971 as grease racks and wash platforms.
Transient neuronal inhibition reveals opposing roles of indirect and direct pathways in sensitization
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Masago
name: Phillips, Paul E M
name: Eskenazi, Daniel
name: Neumaier, John F
name: Wanat, Matthew J
name: Dong, Yan
name: Roth, Bryan L
name: Ferguson, Susan M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The dorsal striatum plays an important role in the development of drug addiction; however, a precise understanding of the roles of striatopallidal (indirect) and striatonigral (direct) pathway neurons in regulating behaviors remains elusive. Using a novel approach that relies on the viral-mediated expression of an engineered GPCR (hM4D), we demonstrated that activation of hM4D receptors with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) potently reduced striatal neuron excitability. When hM4D receptors were selectively expressed in either direct or indirect pathway neurons in rats, CNO did not change acute locomotor responses to amphetamine but altered behavioral plasticity associated with repeated drug treatment. Specifically, transiently disrupting striatopallidal neuronal activity facilitated behavioral sensitization whereas decreasing excitability of striatonigral neurons impaired its persistence. These findings suggest that acute drug effects can be parsed from the behavioral adaptations associated with repeated drug exposure and highlight the utility of this approach for deconstructing neuronal pathway contributions to behaviors such as sensitization.
Activation of lateral habenula inputs to the ventral midbrain promotes behavioral avoidance
Creators: name: Stuber, Garret D
name: Stamatakis, Alice M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Lateral habenula (LHb) projections to the ventral midbrain, including the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) conveys negative reward-related information, but the behavioral ramifications of selective activation of this pathway remain unexplored. We found that exposure to aversive stimuli in mice increased LHb excitatory drive onto RMTg neurons. Further, optogenetic activation of this pathway promoted active, passive, and conditioned behavioral avoidance. These data demonstrate that activity of LHb efferents to the midbrain is aversive, but can also serve to negatively reinforce behavioral responding.
Chronic alcohol remodels prefrontal neurons and disrupts NMDAR-mediated fear extinction encoding
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Paul J
name: Kash, Thomas L
name: Li, Chia
name: MacPherson, Kathryn P
name: Colacicco, Giovanni
name: Flynn, Shaun M
name: Gunduz-Cinar, Ozge
name: Marcinkiewcz, Catherine A
name: Camp, Marguerite
name: DeBrouse, Lauren
name: Holmes, Andrew
name: Masneuf, Sophie
name: Pleil, Kristen E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Alcoholism is frequently co-morbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but it is unclear how alcohol impacts neural circuits mediating recovery from trauma. We found that chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) impaired fear extinction and remodeled the dendritic arbor of medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neurons in mice. CIE impaired extinction encoding by infralimbic (IL) mPFC neurons in vivo, and functionally downregulated burst-mediating NMDA GluN1 receptors. These findings suggest alcohol may increase risk for trauma-related anxiety disorders by disrupting mPFC-mediated extinction of fear.