cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galactic Edge Clouds I: Molecular Line Observations and Chemical Modelling of Edge Cloud 2
Creators: name: Ruffle, P. M. E.
name: Millar, T. J.
name: Roberts, H.
name: Lubowich, D. A.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Pasachoff, J. M.
name: Brammer, G.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edge Cloud 2 (EC2) is a molecular cloud, about 35 pc in size, with one of the largest galactocentric distances known to exist in the Milky Way. We present observations of a peak CO emission region in the cloud and use these to determine its physical characteristics. We calculate a gas temperature of 20 K and a density of n(H2) ~ 10^4 cm^-3. Based on our CO maps, we estimate the mass of EC2 at around 10^4 M_sun and continuum observations suggest a dust-to-gas mass ratio as low as 0.001. Chemical models have been developed to reproduce the abundances in EC2 and they indicate that: heavy element abundances may be reduced by a factor of five relative to the solar neighbourhood (similar to dwarf irregular galaxies and damped Lyman alpha systems); very low extinction (Av < 4 mag) due to a very low dust-to-gas ratio; an enhanced cosmic ray ionisation rate; and a higher UV field compared to local interstellar values. The reduced abundances may be attributed to the low level of star formation in this region and are probably also related to the continuing infall of primordial (or low metallicity) halo gas since the Milky Way formed. Finally, we note that shocks from the old supernova remnant GSH 138-01-94 may have determined the morphology and dynamics of EC2.
description: Accepted by ApJ 7 August 2007. 29 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables. PMR now at NRAO, Green Bank, WV, USA. TJM now at Queen's University Belfast, UK. GB now at Yale University, CT, USA
Developing Quadruple Bonds as a Motif for Energy Storage and Action Research as a Teaching Assistant
Creators: name: Gersib, Simon Gregory
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: The enduring intrigue of quadruple bonds among chemists stretches from E. Peligot's initial synthesis of Cr2(OAc)4 in 1844 to F.A. Cotton's identification of Re≣Re quadruple bonding in 1964, to modern chemistries still being developed. These systems feature a diverse yet tunable coordination environment, which offers fascinating reactive properties and unique electrochemistry. Given the landmark electrochemical properties, complexes with quadruple bonds are promising candidates for energy storage applications. Energy storage is an increasingly important topic as renewable energy generation (primarily wind and solar) becomes ubiquitous. The electrification of our energy grid, transport systems, and personal lives requires substantially more research into energy storage and battery systems, as daily energy demands increase globally. My research focuses on the applications of quadruple bonds in energy storage, where we have found this diverse motif can be used in multiple battery systems. Primarily, quadruply bonded dimolybdenum complexes improve lithium metal anode (LMA) performance by developing an improved solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). We identified these complexes are stable at LMAs in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) and hypothesize that they act as a secondary barrier to prevent further electrolyte decomposition and improve lithium plating. Furthermore, we have tested dimolybdenum complexes for use in redox flow batteries. Toward this goal, we achieved orders of magnitude improvements in the solubility of dimolybdenum complexes through ligand design and found that certain ligands provide long-term stability through solution phase redox cycling experiments. Beyond the lab, I conducted chemical education research. In this work, I identified a computational chemistry laboratory, a Walsh diagram lab, with which students struggled and sought to improve lab curriculums through collaborative action research (CAR). I conducted two iterative CAR cycles and will discuss the data in this thesis.
Model diagnostics: residual variance from The everyday acoustic environment and its association with human heart rate: evidence from real-world data logging with hearing aids and wearables
Creators: name: Christensen, Jeppe H.
name: Saunders, Gabrielle H.
name: Porsbo, Michael
name: Pontoppidan, Niels H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Residuals separated by each random effect group from the acoustic data model. The residuals are dominantly centered around zero. The soundscape and interaction model show similar patterns of residuals per random-effect group.
Broken Pastoral
Creators: name: Ellis, Derek Shane
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Creative writing
subject: Poetry

description: Broken Pastoral is a collection whose speaker takes the reader across a rural, often described as idyllic, southern landscape juxtaposed with a violence that is, at times, necessary and always jarring, all while contemplating the materiality of the world around them. If the pastoral tradition in poetry idealizes rural landscapes, and all matter found within them, then this collection wishes to break that idealization, revealing an experience that is informed both by the speaker’s search for a metaphysics and how to grieve what’s lost without obsessing over grief.
Objective judgement of cheese varieties by multivariate analysis of HPLC profiles
Creators: name: Smith, Anita Mohler
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An objective analytical method was developed to characterize the taste profiles of five cheese varieties. Nonvolatile water extracts of Cheddar, Edam, Gouda, Swiss, and Parmesan cheeses were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reversed phase column. The HPLC operating conditions were determined with Mapping Super-Simplex followed by Centroid Mapping Optimization. A ternary gradient elution system was used with an Adsorbosphere C8 column to resolve a maximum number of components. The optimum solvent volume ratio was 96.8 : 1.2 : 2.0 for trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%), acetonitrile, and methanol, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Over 50.3 min this ratio was changed to 56.3 : 30.3 : 13.4. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal component and discriminant analyses were applied to 55 peak areas from 106 cheese chromatograms. Principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of the "data from 55 to 17 principal components, which are-combinations of the original variables, with a 26% loss of explained sample variation. Discriminant analysis on data from a single HPLC column was able to correctly classify cheeses by variety at a greater than 90% success rate. This grouping rate dropped to 64% when data from all four HPLC columns was combined, implicating large between column variations. A semi-trained sensory panel correctly classified cheeses by variety at a 63% rate. This objective method provides a lasting fingerprint of cheese products.
Do You Know Where You Are?
Creators: name: Dunklin, Clayton
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Art history

description: Do You Know Where You Are? is an exhibition comprised of video installations, sculptural objects, and images. The following is an explanation of the theory and inspiration behind the work as well as descriptions of the pieces and text scripts from the videos. The exhibition itself is set up as a space of color, movement, and sound, that elicits a feeling of disorientation. The viewer navigates a cerebral interior that repositions my personal experience with medical imaging and contemporary image theory as a fragmented science fiction narrative.
Open Data and sensitive interviews: Reflecting on ethics, consent, and reproducibility
Creators: name: Jarman, Ben
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: open data
qualitative research
sensitive data
research ethics
research methodology
prison research
data sharing

description: Slides and reference list from a presentation given at a lunchtime webinar organised by the Institute of Criminology. Reflects on the Open Research, Open Data and Open Access agendas; describes ethical and methodological issues raised by these when applied to qualitative data; and identifies how these concerns may be particularly relevant when considering qualitative data gathered through studies of prison(er)s.
БОСҚИНЧИЛИК ЖИНОЯТИНИНГ ТУШУНЧАСИ, БЕЛГИЛАРИ ҲАМДА КЕЛИБ ЧИҚИШ ТАРИХИ
Creators: name: Убайдуллаев, Жасурбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Мазкур мақолада . босқинчилик жиноятининг тушунчаси ва бу жиноятлар хақидаги қонун ва қонун ости меъёрларининг ривожланиши ҳамда босқинчилик жинояти хақидаги қонунларнинг ривожланиши қиёсий ҳуқуқий таҳлил қилинган.
Hydrodynamical simulations of early-type galaxies: effects of galaxy shape and stellar dynamics on hot coronae
Creators: name: Negri, Andrea <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: Early-Type galaxies (ETGs) are embedded in hot (10^6-10^7 K), X-ray emitting gaseous haloes, produced mainly by stellar winds and heated by Type Ia supernovae explosions, by the thermalization of stellar motions and occasionally by the central super-massive black hole (SMBH). In particular, the thermalization of the stellar motions is due to the interaction between the stellar and the SNIa ejecta and the hot interstellar medium (ISM) already residing in the ETG. A number of different astrophysical phenomena determine the X-ray properties of the hot ISM, such as stellar population formation and evolution, galaxy structure and internal kinematics, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) presence, and environmental effects. With the aid of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations performed on state-of-the-art galaxy models, in this Thesis we focus on the effects of galaxy shape, stellar kinematics and star formation on the evolution of the X-ray coronae of ETGs. Numerical simulations show that the relative importance of flattening and rotation are functions of the galaxy mass: at low galaxy masses, adding flattening and rotation induces a galactic wind, thus lowering the X-ray luminosity; at high galaxy masses the angular momentum conservation keeps the central regions of rotating galaxies at low density, whereas in non-rotating models a denser and brighter atmosphere is formed. The same dependence from the galaxy mass is present in the effects of star formation (SF): in light galaxies SF contributes to increase the spread in Lx, while at high galaxy masses the halo X-ray properties are marginally sensitive to SF effects. In every case, the star formation rate at the present epoch quite agrees with observations, and the massive, cold gaseous discs are partially or completely consumed by SF on a time-scale of few Gyr, excluding the presence of young stellar discs at the present epoch.
Charge carrier induced lattice strain and stress effects on As activation in Si
Creators: name: Ahn, C.
name: Dunham, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied lattice expansion coefficient due to As using density functional theory with particular attention to separating the impact of electrons and ions. Based on As deactivation mechanism under equilibrium conditions, the effect of stress on As activation is predicted. We find that biaxial stress results in minimal impact on As activation, which is consistent with experimental observations by Sugii et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 96, 261 (2004)] and Bennett et al.[J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 26, 391 (2008)].
Reinventing College Physics for Biologists: Explicating an epistemological curriculum
Creators: name: Redish, Edward F.
name: Hammer, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The University of Maryland Physics Education Research Group (UMd-PERG) carried out a five-year research project to rethink, observe, and reform introductory algebra-based (college) physics. This class is one of the Maryland Physics Department's large service courses, serving primarily life-science majors. After consultation with biologists, we re-focused the class on helping the students learn to think scientifically -- to build coherence, think in terms of mechanism, and to follow the implications of assumptions. We designed the course to tap into students' productive conceptual and epistemological resources, based on a theoretical framework from research on learning. The reformed class retains its traditional structure in terms of time and instructional personnel, but we modified existing best-practices curricular materials, including Peer Instruction, Interactive Lecture Demonstrations, and Tutorials. We provided class-controlled spaces for student collaboration, which allowed us to observe and record students learning directly. We also scanned all written homework and examinations, and we administered pre-post conceptual and epistemological surveys. The reformed class enhanced the strong gains on pre-post conceptual tests produced by the best-practices materials while obtaining unprecedented pre-post gains on epistemological surveys instead of the traditional losses.
description: 35 pages including a 15 page appendix of supplementary materials
SSCAN: A Spatial-spectral Cross Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Denoising
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiqiang
name: Shao, Zhenfeng
name: Huang, Xiao
name: Wang, Jiaming
name: Lu, Tao
name: Zhang, Sihang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperspectral images (HSIs) have been widely used in a variety of applications thanks to the rich spectral information they are able to provide. Among all HSI processing tasks, HSI denoising is a crucial step. Recently, deep learning-based image denoising methods have made great progress and achieved great performance. However, existing methods tend to ignore the correlations between adjacent spectral bands, leading to problems such as spectral distortion and blurred edges in denoised results. In this study, we propose a novel HSI denoising network, termed SSCAN, that combines group convolutions and attention modules. Specifically, we use a group convolution with a spatial attention module to facilitate feature extraction by directing models' attention to band-wise important features. We propose a spectral-spatial attention block (SSAB) to exploit the spatial and spectral information in hyperspectral images in an effective manner. In addition, we adopt residual learning operations with skip connections to ensure training stability. The experimental results indicate that the proposed SSCAN outperforms several state-of-the-art HSI denoising algorithms.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Detectability of dissipative motion in quantum vacuum via superradiance
Creators: name: Kim, Woo-Joong
name: Brownell, James Hayden
name: Onofrio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experiment for generating and detecting vacuum-induced dissipative motion. A high frequency mechanical resonator driven in resonance is expected to dissipate energy in quantum vacuum via photon emission. The photons are stored in a high quality electromagnetic cavity and detected through their interaction with ultracold alkali-metal atoms prepared in an inverted population of hyperfine states. Superradiant amplification of the generated photons results in a detectable radio-frequency signal temporally distinguishable from the expected background.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Bicomponents and the robustness of networks to failure
Creators: name: Newman, M. E. J.
name: Ghoshal, Gourab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common definition of a robust connection between two nodes in a network such as a communication network is that there should be at least two independent paths connecting them, so that the failure of no single node in the network causes them to become disconnected. This definition leads us naturally to consider bicomponents, subnetworks in which every node has a robust connection of this kind to every other. Here we study bicomponents in both real and model networks using a combination of exact analytic techniques and numerical methods. We show that standard network models predict there to be essentially no small bicomponents in most networks, but there may be a giant bicomponent, whose presence coincides with the presence of the ordinary giant component, and we find that real networks seem by and large to follow this pattern, although there are some interesting exceptions. We study the size of the giant bicomponent as nodes in the network fail, using a specially developed computer algorithm based on data trees, and find in some cases that our networks are quite robust to failure, with large bicomponents persisting until almost all vertices have been removed.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Linear equivalents of nonlinear systems
Creators: name: Tse, Wilfred See Foon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Consider the following nonlinear system [Formula Omitted] where ϰ ∈ Rⁿ, f, ℊ₁,…,ℊｍ are C∞ function in Rⁿ and ℎ is a C∞ function in R⍴, all defined on a neighborhood of 0. The problem of finding a necessary and sufficient condition such that system (1) can be transformed to a linear controllable system by a state coordinate change and feedback has been studied quite well. In this thesis, we first discuss a few different approaches to this problem and eventually we will show that the slightly different versions of the necessary and sufficient condition discovered are equivalent. Next we consider system (1) with all սi,= 0 together with system (2), and study the dual problem of transforming it to a linear observable system by a state and output coordinate change. Finally, we consider briefly system (l) and (2) with nonzero սi and study the problem of transforming it to a linear system that is both completely controllable and observable. Examples are given and applications to local stabilization and estimation are discussed.
Haptic Feedback Improves Human-Robot Agreement and User Satisfaction in Shared-Autonomy Teleoperation
Creators: name: Zhang, Dawei
name: Tron, Roberto
name: Khurshid, Rebecca P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Shared autonomy teleoperation can guarantee safety, but does so by reducing the human operator's control authority, which can lead to reduced levels of human-robot agreement and user satisfaction. This paper presents a novel haptic shared autonomy teleoperation paradigm that uses haptic feedback to inform the user about the inner state of a shared autonomy paradigm, while still guaranteeing safety. This differs from haptic shared control, which uses haptic feedback to inform the user's actions, but gives the human operator full control over the robot's actions. We conducted a user study in which twelve users flew a simulated UAV in a search-and-rescue task with no assistance or assistance provided by haptic shared control, shared autonomy, or haptic shared autonomy. All assistive teleoperation methods use control barrier functions to find a control command that is both safe and as close as possible to the human-generated control command. For assistive teleoperation conditions with haptic feedback, we apply a force to the user that is proportional to the difference between the human-generated control and the safe control. We find that haptic shared autonomy improves the user's task performance and satisfaction. We also find that haptic feedback in assistive teleoperation can improve the user's situational awareness. Finally, results show that adding haptic feedback to shared-autonomy teleoperation can improve human-robot agreement.
Anti-symmetrization reveals hidden entanglement
Creators: name: Fedrizzi, Alessandro
name: Herbst, Thomas
name: Aspelmeyer, Markus
name: Barbieri, Marco
name: Jennewein, Thomas
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-photon anti-bunching at a beamsplitter is only possible if the photons are entangled in a specific state, anti-symmetric in the spatial modes. Thus, observation of anti-bunching is an indication of entanglement in a degree of freedom which might not be easily accessible in an experiment. We experimentally demonstrate this concept in the case of the interference of two frequency entangled photons with continuous frequency detunings. The principle of anti-symmetrisation of the spatial part of a wavefunction and subsequent detection of hidden entanglement via anti-bunching at a beamsplitter may facilitate the observation of entanglement in other systems, like atomic ensembles or Bose-Einstein condensates. The analogue for fermionic systems would be to observe bunching.
description: Published version, 10 pages, 3 figures
Study of the 27-day variations in GCR fluxes during 2007-2008 based on PAMELA and ARINA observations
Creators: name: Modzelewska, R.
name: Bazilevskaya, G. A.
name: Boezio, M.
name: Koldashov, S. V.
name: Krainev, M. B.
name: Marcelli, N.
name: Mayorov, A. G.
name: Mayorova, M. A.
name: Munini, R.
name: Troitskaya, I. K.
name: Yulbarisov, R. F.
name: Luo, X.
name: Potgieter, M. S.
name: Aslam, O. P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using measurements from the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers onboard the RESURS DK-1 satellite, we have examined the 27-day intensity variations in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton fluxes in 2007-2008. The PAMELA and ARINA data allow for the first time a study of time profiles and the rigidity dependence of the 27-day variations observed directly in space in a wide rigidity range from ~300 MV to several GV. We find that the rigidity dependence of the amplitude of the 27-day GCR variations cannot be described by the same power-law at both low and high energies. A flat interval occurs at rigidity R = <0.6-1.0> GV with a power-law index gamma = - 0.13+/-0.44 for PAMELA, whereas for R >= 1 GV the power-law dependence is evident with index gamma = - 0.51+/-0.11. We describe the rigidity dependence of the 27-day GCR variations for PAMELA and ARINA data in the framework of the modulation potential concept using the force-field approximation for GCR transport. For a physical interpretation, we have considered the relationship between the 27-day GCR variations and solar wind plasma and other heliospheric parameters. Moreover, we have discussed possible implications of MHD modeling of the solar wind plasma together with a stochastic GCR transport model concerning the effects of corotating interaction regions.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
URUG'LIK CHIGITNI TUKSIZLANTIRISHNING G'O'ZA KASALLIKLARI VA HOSILDORLIGIGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: Qo'chqorov, Astonaqul
name: Pardayev, Azamat
name: Ubaydullayeva, Shoxista
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada Respublikamiz paxtachiligida zamonaviy texnologiya asosida kislota bilan tuksizlantirilib tayyorlangan urug’lik chigitlarni ekishning dala unuvchanligiga, go’za nihollarining gommoz, ildiz chirish kasalliklari va hosidorlikka samarali ta’siri haqidagi ma’lunotlar keltirilgan. O’tkazilgan tajribada boshqa variantlarga qaraganda ijobiy natijalar asosan kislota yordamida tuksizlantirilgan “Vitavaks – 200 FF” urug’ dorisi bilan 5 l/t dorilanib ekilgan variantda kuzatildi. Bu variantda dala unuvchanligi 6 % ga oshganligi, gommoz kasalligi sezilarli bartaraf etilganligi, ildiz chirish 3,5 baravarga kamayganligi, hosildorlik esa ҳар гектардан 2,8 sentnerga ko’payganligi aniqlandi.
Gravitational Dynamics of Large Stellar Systems
Creators: name: McMillan, Stephen L. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Internal dynamical evolution can drive stellar systems into states of high central density. For many star clusters and galactic nuclei, the time scale on which this occurs is significantly less than the age of the universe. As a result, such systems are expected to be sites of frequent interactions among stars, binary systems, and stellar remnants, making them efficient factories for the production of compact binaries, intermediate-mass black holes, and other interesting and eminently observable astrophysical exotica. We describe some elements of the competition among stellar dynamics, stellar evolution, and other mechanisms to control the dynamics of stellar systems, and discuss briefly the techniques by which these systems are modeled and studied. Particular emphasis is placed on pathways leading to massive black holes in present-day globular clusters and other potentially detectable sources of gravitational radiation.
description: 21 pages, invited talk presented at the 18th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GRG18), Sydney, July 2007. To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Maxwell quasinormal modes on a global monopole Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole with Robin boundary conditions
Creators: name: Wang, Mengjie
name: Chen, Zhou
name: Pan, Qiyuan
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize our previous studies on the Maxwell quasinormal modes around Schwarzschild-anti-de-Sitter black holes with Robin type vanishing energy flux boundary conditions, by adding a global monopole on the background. We first formulate the Maxwell equations both in the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli and in the Teukolsky formalisms and derive, based on the vanishing energy flux principle, two boundary conditions in each formalism. The Maxwell equations are then solved analytically in pure anti-de Sitter spacetimes with a global monopole, and two different normal modes are obtained due to the existence of the monopole parameter. In the small black hole and low frequency approximations, the Maxwell quasinormal modes are solved perturbatively on top of normal modes by using an asymptotic matching method, while beyond the aforementioned approximation, the Maxwell quasinormal modes are obtained numerically. We analyze the Maxwell quasinormal spectrum by varying the angular momentum quantum number $\ell$, the overtone number $N$, and in particular, the monopole parameter $8πη^2$. We show explicitly, through calculating quasinormal frequencies with both boundary conditions, that the global monopole produces the repulsive force.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, to appear in EPJC
High Field ESR in the Two-Dimensional Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet NiGa2S4
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, H.
name: Kimura, S.
name: Hagiwara, M.
name: Nambu, Y.
name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Maeno, Y.
name: Kindo, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we report the results of ESR measurements in high magnetic fields up to about 53 T on single crystals of NiGa2S4 to clarify the spin dynamics in more detail. We have found that the dynamics of Z2 vortices affects the temperature dependence of the ESR absorption linewidth and the frequency dependence of the ESR resonance fields at 1.3 K is well explained by a conventional spin wave theory. These results suggest an occurrence of Z2 vortex-induced topological transition.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
On the Detection of Habitable Trojan Planets in the Kepler Circumbinary Systems
Creators: name: Sudol, Jeffrey J.
name: Haghighipour, Nader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a study of the prospect of detecting habitable Trojan planets in the Kepler Habitable Zone circumbinary planetary systems (Kepler-16, -47, -453, -1647, -1661). We integrated the orbits of 10,000 separate N-body systems (N=4,6), each with a one Earth-mass body in a randomly selected orbit near the L4 and L5 Lagrangian points of the host HZ circumbinary planet. We find that stable Trojan planets are restricted to a narrow range of semimajor axes in all five systems and limited to small eccentricities in Kepler-16, -47, and -1661. To assess the prospect of the detection of these habitable Trojan planets, we calculated the amplitudes of the variations they cause in the transit timing of their host bodies. Results show that the mean amplitudes of the transit timing variations (TTVs) correlate with the mass of the transiting planet and range from 70 minutes for Kepler-16b to 390 minutes for Kepler-47c. Our analysis indicates that the TTVs of the circumbinary planets caused by these Trojan bodies fall within the detectable range of timing precision obtained from the Kepler telescope's long-cadence data. The latter points to Kepler data as a viable source to search for habitable Trojan planets.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal. 27 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Includes a comprehensive and up to date review on Trojan and co-orbital planets
Thermopower Oscillation Symmetries in a Double-Loop Andreev Interferrometer
Creators: name: Cadden-Zimansky, P.
name: Jiang, Z.
name: Chandrasekhar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Andreev interferometers, normal metal wires coupled to superconducting loops, display phase coherent changes as the magnetic flux through the superconducting loops is altered. Properties such as the electronic and thermal conductance of these devices have been shown to oscillate symmetrically about zero with a period equal to one superconducting flux quantum, $Φ_o = h/2e$. However, the thermopower of these devices can oscillate symmetrically or antisymmetrically depending on the geometry of the sample, a phenomenon not well understood theoretically. Here we report on thermopower measurements of a double-loop Andreev interferometer where two Josephson currents in the normal metal wire may be controlled independently. The amplitude and symmetries of the observed thermopower oscillations may help to illuminate the unexplained dependence of oscillation symmetry on sample geometry.
description: 6 Pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physica E
Electron trapping and detrapping in an oxide two-dimensional electron gas: The role of ferroelastic twin walls
Creators: name: Ojha, Shashank Kumar
name: Hazra, Sankalpa
name: Mandal, Prithwijit
name: Patel, Ranjan Kumar
name: Nigam, Shivam
name: Kumar, Siddharth
name: Middey, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The choice of electrostatic gating over the conventional chemical doping for phase engineering of quantum materials is attributed to the fact that the former can reversibly tune the carrier density without affecting the system's level of disorder. However, this proposition seems to break down in field-effect transistors involving SrTiO$_3$ (STO) based two-dimensional electron gases. Such peculiar behavior is associated with the electron trapping under an external electric field. However, the microscopic nature of trapping centers remains an open question. In this paper, we investigate electric field-induced charge trapping/detrapping phenomena at the conducting interface between band insulators $γ$-Al$_2$O$_3$ and STO. Our transport measurements reveal that the charge trapping under +ve back gate voltage ($V_g$) above the tetragonal to cubic structural transition temperature ($T_c$) of STO is contributed by the electric field-assisted thermal escape of electrons from the quantum well, and the clustering of oxygen vacancies (OVs) as well. We observe an additional source of trapping below the $T_c$, which arises from the trapping of free carriers at the ferroelastic twin walls of STO. Application of -ve $V_g$ results in a charge detrapping, which vanishes above $T_c$ also. This feature demonstrates the crucial role of structural domain walls in the electrical transport properties of STO based heterostructures. The number of trapped (detrapped) charges at (from) the twin wall is controlled by the net polarity of the wall and is completely reversible with the sweep of $V_g$.
description: 5 Figures
Initial effects of slashburning on the nutrient status of two sub-boreal spruce zone ecosystems
Creators: name: Taylor, Stephen William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A study was carried out to investigate the effects of slashburning on the nutrient status of two Sub-Boreal Spruce zone ecosystems in the west central interior of British Columbia. The slash, forest floor and mineral soil (0-15 cm depth) in these ecosystems were sampled for mass and nutrient content before and after burning on a recently clearcut site. The forest floor and mineral soil were also sampled for nutrient concentrations nine months following burning. Average losses of organic matter, N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg to the atmosphere due to slashburning were 11.1 kg/m² and 563, 55, 87, 60, 252, and 16 kg/ha, respectively, from the mesic ecosystems and 11.5 kg/m² and 345, 52, 74, 16, 289, and 177 kg/ha, respectively, from the subhygric/hygric ecosystems. These amounts corresponded to 51, 47, 41, 56, 40, 40 and 20%, respectively, of the total quantities of these nutrients in the slash and forest floor in the mesic ecosystems before burning, and 25, 9, 13, 14, 5, 6 and 17%, respectively, of the cjuantities in the subhygric/hygric ecosystems. There were substantial losses of organic matter from coarse (>8 cm diam.) and fine ≤ 1 cm diam.) slash and the forest floor components. However, nutrient losses were largely attributed to fine slash and forest floor consumption. Nutrient losses from the fine slash appeared to be independent of fire severity, although losses of most nutrients from the forest floor increased with fire severity; in plots in the mesic ecosystems which received moderate impact burns, and plots in the subhygric/hygric ecosystems which received low and moderate impact burns, net gains in forest floor Mg, K, and K and Ca content, respectively, were found. Nine months following burning there were significant increases in pH and total Mg concentrations and decreases in exchangeable K concentrations in the forest floor in the mesic ecosystems and S concentration in the forest floor in plots which had received low impact burns in both ecosystems. Effects of burning on some nutrient concentrations were confounded by the inherent seasonal variability in labile nutrient forms. There were no significant changes in mineral soil nutrient concentrations that could be attributed to burning. However, any such changes of small magnitude would have been difficult to detect due to the high spatial variation in soil nutrient concentrations. The survival and growth of interior spruce seedlings in the first season following outplanting was better in burned than in unburned areas in both ecosystems. However, seedling foliar N and P concentrations were lower in the burned areas. It is concluded that if slashburning is carried out in the mesic ecosystems, low to moderate severity fires should be prescribed to preserve the nutrient capital present in the forest floor. Slashburning would not substantially reduce the nutrient capital of subhygric/hygric ecosystems even with much higher fire severities than were observed in this study.
Value and Momentum in the Cross Section of Housing Market Returns of New Zealand
Creators: name: Hao, Jinji
name: Dunstan, Daniel
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140299 Applied Economics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150201 Finance
subject: 140199 Economic Theory not elsewhere classified
subject: 149999 Economics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper examines if there are value and momentum effects in the New Zealand housing market across different regions. It is found that the short-term momentum effect exists with the winner regions in the past year outperforming the loser regions in the following year by 2.06%, mainly from capital gains, after adjusting for the market risk. The house returns exhibit long-term reversal with the winner regions in the last six years underperforming the loser regions in each of the next eight years due to lower capital gains. A value effect is present with regions with high rent-price ratios outperforming those with low rent-price ratios in each of the next seven years due to persistent higher rental yields. However, both the reversal effect and value effect can be explained by the market risk.
Low angular momentum accretion in the collapsar: how long can a long GRB be?
Creators: name: Janiuk, Agnieszka
name: Proga, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collapsar model is the most promising scenario to explain the huge release of energy associated with long duration gamma-ray-bursts (GRBs). Within this scenario GRBs are believed to be powered by accretion through a rotationally support torus or by fast rotation of a compact object. In both cases then, rotation of the progenitor star is one of the key properties because it must be high enough for the torus to form, the compact object to rotate very fast, or both. Here, we check what rotational properties a progenitor star must have in order to sustain torus accretion over relatively long activity periods as observed in most GRBs. We show that simple, often cited, estimates of the total mass available for torus formation and consequently the duration of a GRB are only upper limits. We revise these estimates by taking into account the long term effect that as the compact object accretes the minimum specific angular momentum needed for torus formation increases. This in turn leads to a smaller fraction of the stellar envelope that can form a torus. We demostrate that this effect can lead to a significant, an order of magnidute, reduction of the total energy and overall duration of a GRB event. This of course can be mitigated by assuming that the progenitor star rotates faster then we assumed. However, our assumed rotation is already high compared to observational and theoretical constraints. We also discuss implications of our result.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, including 1 color fig., revised version accepted by ApJ
Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional XY spin glass
Creators: name: Pixley, J. H.
name: Young, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the XY spin glass by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for sizes up to 24^3, down to temperatures below the transition temperature found in earlier work. The data for the larger sizes show more marginal behavior than that for the smaller sizes indicating that the lower critical dimension is close to, and possibly equal to three. We find that the spins and chiralities behave in a very similar manner. We also address the optimal ratio of "over-relaxation" to "Metropolis" sweeps in the simulation.
description: 6 pages, 6 postscript figures. Replaced by published version
Vicinal and categorical domain adaptation
Creators: name: Tang, Hui
name: Jia, Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised domain adaptation aims to learn a task classifier that performs well on the unlabeled target domain, by utilizing the labeled source domain. Inspiring results have been acquired by learning domain-invariant deep features via domain-adversarial training. However, its parallel design of task and domain classifiers limits the ability to achieve a finer category-level domain alignment. To promote categorical domain adaptation (CatDA), based on a joint category-domain classifier, we propose novel losses of adversarial training at both domain and category levels. Since the joint classifier can be regarded as a concatenation of individual task classifiers respectively for the two domains, our design principle is to enforce consistency of category predictions between the two task classifiers. Moreover, we propose a concept of vicinal domains whose instances are produced by a convex combination of pairs of instances respectively from the two domains. Intuitively, alignment of the possibly infinite number of vicinal domains enhances that of original domains. We propose novel adversarial losses for vicinal domain adaptation (VicDA) based on CatDA, leading to Vicinal and Categorical Domain Adaptation (ViCatDA). We also propose Target Discriminative Structure Recovery (TDSR) to recover the intrinsic target discrimination damaged by adversarial feature alignment. We also analyze the principles underlying the ability of our key designs to align the joint distributions. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that we achieve the new state of the art.
description: Accepted by Pattern Recognition
EMBODIED HAMLET: DISABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY, GENDER, AND SCIENCE FICTION
Creators: name: Hands, Christine
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dance
subject: Disability studies
subject: Theater
subject: accessibility
subject: dance
subject: disability
subject: gender
subject: Hamlet
subject: science-fiction

description: “Hamlet” was a thirty-eight minute work of dance art premiered at the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center at the University of Maryland on October 12 and 14, 2018. The work explored four pillars of research through embodied exploration: representation, accessibility, inclusion, and reinvention. These four themes are discussed in the following paper as theoretical points of inquiry. The first chapter discusses representation of peoples with disabilities. The second chapter explores the accessibility features for audience members which were available at the performance. The third chapter considers inclusion and challenges the canon of traditional white, male casting of the role of Hamlet. The fourth chapter discusses the use of science fiction to tie everything together by creating a space of transformative play-acting where people can exercise their imaginations to create a more inclusive and accessible society. Theoretical and scholarly research informs and then reflects the work onstage in “Hamlet.”
Drop of solar wind at the end of the 20th century
Creators: name: Yermolaev, Yuri I.
name: Lodkina, Irina G.
name: Khokhlachev, Alexander A.
name: Yermolaev, Michael Yu.
name: Riazantseva, Maria O.
name: Rakhmanova, Liudmila S.
name: Borodkova, Natalia L.
name: Sapunova, Olga V.
name: Moskaleva, Anastasiia V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variations in the solar wind (SW) parameters with scales of several years are an important characteristic of solar activity and the basis for a long-term space weather forecast. We examine the behavior of interplanetary parameters over 21-24 solar cycles (SCs) on the basis of OMNI database (https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni). Since changes in parameters can be associated both with changes in the number of different large-scale types of SW, and with variations in the values of these parameters at different phases of the solar cycle and during the transition from one cycle to another, we select the entire study period in accordance with the Catalog of large-scale SW types for 1976-2019 (See the site http://www.iki.rssi.ru/pub/omni, [Yermolaev et al., 2009]), which covers the period from 21 to 24 SCs, and in accordance with the phases of the cycles, and averaging the parameters at selected intervals. In addition to a sharp drop in the number of ICMEs (and associated Sheath types), there is a noticeable drop in the value (by 20-40%) of plasma parameters and magnetic field in different types of solar wind at the end of the 20th century and a continuation of the fall or persistence at a low level in the 23-24 cycles. Such a drop in the solar wind is apparently associated with a decrease in solar activity and manifests itself in a noticeable decrease in space weather factors.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures