cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytical solutions of the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation with the Manning-Rosen potential plus a Ring-Shaped like potential
Creators: name: Ahmadov, A. I.
name: Aydin, C.
name: Uzun, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, on the condition that scalar potential is equal to vector potential, the bound state solutions of the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation of the Manning-Rosen plus ring-shaped like potential are obtained by Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy levels are worked out and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of orthogonal polynomials for arbitrary $l$ states. The conclusion also contain central Manning-Rosen, central and non-central Hulthén potential.
description: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1210.5377
Gas Sources from the Coma and Nucleus of Comet 46P/Wirtanen Observed Using ALMA
Creators: name: Cordiner, M. A.
name: Roth, N. X.
name: Milam, S. N.
name: Villanueva, G.
name: Bockelee-Morvan, D.
name: Remijan, A. J.
name: Charnley, S. B.
name: Biver, N.
name: Lis, D. C.
name: Qi, C.
name: Bonev, B.
name: Crovisier, J.
name: Boissier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gas-phase molecules in cometary atmospheres (comae) originate primarily from (1) outgassing by the nucleus, (2) sublimation of icy grains in the near-nucleus coma, and (3) coma (photo-)chemical processes. However, the majority of cometary gases observed at radio wavelengths have yet to be mapped, so their production/release mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we present observations of six molecular species towards comet 46P/Wirtanen, obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during the comet's unusually close (~0.1 au) approach to Earth in December 2018. Interferometric maps of HCN, CH3OH, CH3CN, H2CO, CS and HNC were obtained at an unprecedented sky-projected spatial resolution of up to 25 km, enabling the nucleus and coma sources of these molecules to be accurately quantified. The HCN, CH3OH and CH3CN spatial distributions are consistent with production by direct outgassing from (or very near to) the nucleus, with a significant proportion of the observed CH3OH originating from sublimation of icy grains in the near-nucleus coma (at a scale-length $L_p=36\pm7$ km). On the other hand, H2CO, CS and HNC originate primarily from distributed coma sources (with $L_p$ values in the range 550-16,000 km), the identities of which remain to be established. The HCN, CH3OH and HNC abundances in 46P are consistent with the average values previously observed in comets, whereas the H2CO, CH3CN and CS abundances are relatively low.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal on 2023-06-17
Phase diagram of the $ν= 2$ quantum Hall state in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Khanna, Udit
name: Huang, Ke
name: Murthy, Ganpathy
name: Fertig, H. A.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Shimshoni, Efrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bilayer graphene exhibits a rich phase diagram in the quantum Hall regime, arising from a multitude of internal degrees of freedom, including spin, valley, and orbital indices. The variety of fractional quantum Hall states between filling factors $1 < ν\leq 2$ suggests, among other things, a quantum phase transition between valley-unpolarized and polarized states at a perpendicular electric field $D^{*}$. We find the behavior of $D^{*}$ with $ν$ changes markedly as $B$ is reduced. At $ν= 2$, $D^{*}$ may even vanish when $B$ is sufficiently small. We present a theoretical model for lattice-scale interactions which explains these observations; surprisingly, both repulsive and attractive components in the interactions are required. Within this model we analyze the nature of the $ν= 2$ state as a function of the magnetic and electric fields, and predict that valley-coherence may emerge for $D \sim D^{*}$ in the high $B$ regime. This suggests the system supports Kekule bond-ordering, which could in principle be verified via STM measurements.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary Material
Brain Amyloid Deposition and Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Nondemented Older Subjects: Results from a Multi-Ethnic Population
Creators: name: Gu, Yian
name: Zahodne, Laura B.
name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: Janicki, Sarah Christine
name: Ichise, Masanori
name: Manly, Jennifer J.
name: Devanand, Devangere P.
name: Brickman, Adam M.
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cognition disorders in old age
subject: Older people--Mental health
subject: Older African Americans
subject: Cognitive neuroscience
subject: Cognition in old age
subject: Amyloid beta-protein
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Gerontology
subject: Epidemiology

description: Objective: We aimed to whether the abnormally high amyloid-β (Aβ) level in the brain among apparently healthy elders is related with subtle cognitive deficits and/or accelerated cognitive decline. Methods: A total of 116 dementia-free participants (mean age 84.5 years) of the Washington Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed 18F-Florbetaben PET imaging. Positive or negative cerebral Aβ deposition was assessed visually. Quantitative cerebral Aβ burden was calculated as the standardized uptake value ratio in pre-established regions of interest using cerebellar cortex as the reference region. Cognition was determined using a neuropsychological battery and selected tests scores were combined into four composite scores (memory, language, executive/speed, and visuospatial) using exploratory factor analysis. We examined the relationship between cerebral Aβ level and longitudinal cognition change up to 20 years before the PET scan using latent growth curve models, controlling for age, education, ethnicity, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Results: Positive reading of Aβ was found in 41 of 116 (35%) individuals. Cognitive scores at scan time was not related with Aβ. All cognitive scores declined over time. Aβ positive reading (B = -0.034, p = 0.02) and higher Aβ burden in temporal region (B = -0.080, p = 0.02) were associated with faster decline in executive/speed. Stratified analyses showed that higher Aβ deposition was associated with faster longitudinal declines in mean cognition, language, and executive/speed in African-Americans or in APOE ε4 carriers, and with faster memory decline in APOE ε4 carriers. The associations remained significant after excluding mild cognitive impairment participants. Conclusions: High Aβ deposition in healthy elders was associated with decline in executive/speed in the decade before neuroimaging, and the association was observed primarily in African-Americans and APOE ε4 carriers. Our results suggest that measuring cerebral Aβ may give us important insights into the cognitive profile in the years prior to the scan in cognitively normal elders.
Decay rates of almost strong modes in Floquet spin chains beyond Fermi's Golden Rule
Creators: name: Yeh, Hsiu-Chung
name: Rosch, Achim
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability and dynamics of almost strong zero and $π$ modes in weakly non-integrable Floquet spin chains are investigated. Such modes can also be viewed as localized Majorana modes at the edge of a topological superconductor. Perturbation theory in the strength of integrability-breaking interaction $J_z$ is employed to estimate the decay rates of these modes, and compared to decay rates obtained from exact diagonalization. The structure of the perturbation theory and thus the lifetime of the modes is governed by the conservation of quasi-energy modulo $2 π/T$, where $T$ is the period of the Floquet system. If the quasi-energies of minimally $4 n-1$ quasi-particles adds up to zero (or $π/T$ for a $π$ mode), the lifetime is proportional to $1/J_z^{2 n}$. Thus the lifetime is sensitively controlled by the width of the single-particle Floquet bands. For regimes where the decay rates are quadratic in $J_z$, an analytic expression for the decay rate in terms of an infinite temperature autocorrelation function of the integrable model is derived, and shown to agree well with exact diagonalization.
The Sugar Industry's Structure, Pricing, and Performance
Creators: name: Bohall, Robert
name: Angelo, Luigi
name: Gray, Fred
name: Hulse, Fred
name: Larkin, Lawrence
name: Powe, Charles
name: Bohall, Robert
name: Angelo, Luigi
name: Gray, Fred
name: Hulse, Fred
name: Larkin, Lawrence
name: Powe, Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural policies
subject: agricultural trade
subject: beet sugar
subject: consumer demand
subject: consumption
subject: market performance
subject: marketing cooperatives
subject: sugar cane
subject: sweeteners
subject: world trade

description: The structure, pricing, and performance of the U.S. sugar industry were studied with special emphasis on the industry's performance during the recent years of economic stress. The major causes of high U.S. sugar prices in 1974 were tight world sugar supplies and high world sugar prices. In 1974, as in most years, the United States imported about half its sugar. Above the supportive limits of the U.S. Sugar Act, world and U.S. price changes were closely correlated either when rising or declining. So, supply changes in the world sugar market had a major impact on the U.S. sugar industry and on U.S. consumers. In addition to outlining some of the major causes for high sugar prices in 1974, the study focused on the structure of the sugar industry, price movements, price analysis, performance of the industry, and outlook for the future. The beet processing and cane refining industry was found to be one of the more concentrated U.S. industries. And although concentration provides economies of size and improved industry performance, firms could maximize their returns by differentiating between markets, which would be consistent with discriminatory pricing practices. The basing point system of sugar pricing was also discussed--certain firms tended to be price leaders and others followers.
The SLUGGS Survey: outer triaxiality of the Fast Rotator elliptical NGC 4473
Creators: name: Foster, Caroline
name: Arnold, Jacob A.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Pastorello, Nicola
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Brodie, Jean P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic surveys of nearby early type galaxies (ETGs) using integral field unit spectrograph (IFU) data have revealed that galaxies can hide interesting structures only visible through kinematic studies. As part of their pioneering work, the ATLAS3D team have shown that most morphologically elliptical galaxies are centrally kinematically disk-like. Hence, while global morphology suggests that ellipticals are ellipsoidal/triaxial in shape, their central kinematics may be consistent with (inclined) oblate systems. Here we study the Fast Rotator elliptical galaxy: NGC 4473. Using slitlets, we obtain galaxy light kinematics out to unprecedentedly large galactocentric radii (2.5 effective radii). While we confirm the IFU results in the central regions, we find that at large galactocentric radii NGC 4473 exhibits a kinematic transition. In the outskirts, we observe clear minor and major axis rotation, a tell-tale sign of triaxiality, which agrees well with the galaxy's Hubble type. This outer "kinematically distinct halo" (KDH) may be expected from simulations of galaxy formation, and in this system contains around one-third of the stellar light. While this galaxy may be a special case, it suggests further investigation of the outskirts of galaxies is needed to confirm the new paradigm of galaxy classification.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dynamical evolution of star forming regions
Creators: name: Parker, Richard J.
name: Wright, Nicholas J.
name: Goodwin, Simon P.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the dynamical evolution of star forming regions with a wide range of initial properties. We follow the evolution of the regions' substructure using the Q-parameter, we search for dynamical mass segregation using the Lambda_MSR technique, and we also quantify the evolution of local density around stars as a function of mass using the Sigma_LDR method. The amount of dynamical mass segregation measured by Lambda_MSR is generally only significant for subvirial and virialised, substructured regions - which usually evolve to form bound clusters. The Sigma_LDR method shows that massive stars attain higher local densities than the median value in all regions, even those that are supervirial and evolve to form (unbound) associations. We also introduce the Q-Sigma_LDR plot, which describes the evolution of spatial structure as a function of mass-weighted local density in a star forming region. Initially dense (>1000 stars pc^{-2}), bound regions always have Q >1, Sigma_LDR > 2 after 5Myr, whereas dense unbound regions always have Q < 1, Sigma_LDR > 2 after 5Myr. Less dense regions (<100 stars pc^{-2}) do not usually exhibit Sigma_LDR > 2 values, and if relatively high local density around massive stars arises purely from dynamics, then the Q-Sigma_LDR plot can be used to estimate the initial density of a star forming region.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Understanding the Organisational Hybridity of Cultural and Art Organisations: The Case of Contemporary Art Spaces in Taiwan
Creators: name: Kuan-Yin Liu
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Research into the phenomenon of hybrid organisations has emerged from a number of different academic and professional spheres, typically focusing on the multiple, complex social issues related to the concept. However, across this work the definition of ‘hybrid organisations’ is yet to be determined. In addition, little is known about hybrid organisational behaviour in the field of cultural and art institutions, especially across different national and cultural settings.Responding to this need, this research sets out to explore the organisational hybridity within cultural and art organisations. Taking Taiwanese contemporary art spaces as case studies, it argues that these art organisations cannot achieve hybridity without being able to negotiate complexity. Specifically, it shows how in the Taiwanese context this is achieved by embedding culturally specific approaches into organisational structure, strategy and programming.What emerges from the research is the importance of the role played by staff in expressing hybrid characteristics; with leadership vital in empowering staff to develop this hybridity. By taking the example of artists-in-residence programmes for all three of its case studies, the thesis demonstrates how hybridity is reached through the ways in which staff have established human relationships with the stakeholders; negotiated the challenges of cultural policy and governmental funding; and facilitated programmes to identify how and why hybridity works.This research contributes to an understanding of the particular dynamics of hybridity within cultural and art organisations. The findings show that the benefits of hybrid organisations are applicable to different kinds of institutions and offer sustainable ways to foster organisational development. However, beyond this the thesis also shows how the unique contexts of the Taiwanese experience provide a particularly vivid situation in which to see organisational hybridity in action, but also it reminds us of the importance of understanding organisations within their own cultural context.
Leading Power Accuracy in Lattice Calculations of Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
name: Holligan, Jack
name: Ji, Xiangdong
name: Su, Yushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In lattice-QCD calculations of parton distribution functions (PDFs) via large-momentum effective theory, the leading power (twist-three) correction appears as ${\cal O}(Λ_{\rm QCD}/P^z)$ due to the linear-divergent self-energy of Wilson line in quasi-PDF operators. For lattice data with hadron momentum $P^z$ of a few GeV, this correction is dominant in matching, as large as 30\% or more. We show how to eliminate this uncertainty through choosing the mass renormalization parameter consistently with the resummation scheme of the infrared-renormalon series in perturbative matching coefficients. An example on the lattice pion PDF data at $P^z = 1.9$ GeV shows an improvement of matching accuracy by a factor of more than $3\sim 5$ in the expansion region $x= 0.2\sim 0.5$.
description: Updated to version published on PLB
Holographic entanglement entropy in nonlocal theories
Creators: name: Karczmarek, Joanna L.
name: Rabideau, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute holographic entanglement entropy in two strongly coupled nonlocal field theories: the dipole and the noncommutative deformations of SYM theory. We find that entanglement entropy in the dipole theory follows a volume law for regions smaller than the length scale of nonlocality and has a smooth cross-over to an area law for larger regions. In contrast, in the noncommutative theory the entanglement entropy follows a volume law for up to a critical length scale at which a phase transition to an area law occurs. The critical length scale increases as the UV cutoff is raised, which is indicative of UV/IR mixing and implies that entanglement entropy in the noncommutative theory follows a volume law for arbitrary large regions when the size of the region is fixed as the UV cutoff is removed to infinity. Comparison of behaviour between these two theories allows us to explain the origin of the volume law. Since our holographic duals are not asymptotically AdS, minimal area surfaces used to compute holographic entanglement entropy have novel behaviours near the boundary of the dual spacetime. We discuss implications of our results on the scrambling (thermalization) behaviour of these nonlocal field theories.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Emergent information dynamics in many-body interconnected systems
Creators: name: Merbis, Wout
name: de Domenico, Manlio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information implicitly represented in the state of physical systems allows one to analyze them with analytical techniques from statistical mechanics and information theory. In the case of complex networks such techniques are inspired by quantum statistical physics and have been used to analyze biophysical systems, from virus-host protein-protein interactions to whole-brain models of humans in health and disease. Here, instead of node-node interactions, we focus on the flow of information between network configurations. Our numerical results unravel fundamental differences between widely used spin models on networks, such as voter and kinetic dynamics, which cannot be found from classical node-based analysis. Our model opens the door to adapting powerful analytical methods from quantum many-body systems to study the interplay between structure and dynamics in interconnected systems.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Measuring Dust Attenuation Curves of SINGS/KINGFISH Galaxies Using Swift/UVOT Photometry
Creators: name: Belles, Alexander
name: Decleir, Marjorie
name: Bowman, William P.
name: Hagen, Lea M. Z.
name: Gronwall, Caryl
name: Siegel, Michael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Swift/Ultraviolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) integrated light photometry of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) and the Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) samples of nearby galaxies. Combining the Swift/UVOT data with archival photometry, we investigate a variety of dust attenuation curves derived using MCSED, a flexible spectral energy distribution fitting code. We fit the panchromatic data using three different star formation history (SFH) parameterizations: a decaying exponential, a double power law, and a piecewise function with breaks at physically motivated ages. We find that the average attenuation law of the sample changes slightly based on the SFH assumed. Specifically, the exponential SFH leads to the shallowest attenuation curves. Using simulated data, we also find the exponential SFH fails to outperform the more complex SFHs. Finally, we find a systematic offset in the derived bump strength between SED fits with and without UVOT data, where the inclusion of UVOT data leads to smaller bump strengths, highlighting the importance of the UVOT data. This discrepancy is not seen in fits to mock photometry. Understanding dust attenuation in the local universe is key to understanding high redshift objects where rest-frame far-infrared data is unavailable.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A Model for Soft High-Energy Scattering: Tensor Pomeron and Vector Odderon
Creators: name: Ewerz, Carlo
name: Maniatis, Markos
name: Nachtmann, Otto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for soft high-energy scattering is developed. The model is formulated in terms of effective propagators and vertices for the exchange objects: the pomeron, the odderon, and the reggeons. The vertices are required to respect standard rules of QFT. The propagators are constructed taking into account the crossing properties of amplitudes in QFT and the power-law ansaetze from the Regge model. We propose to describe the pomeron as an effective spin 2 exchange. This tensor pomeron gives, at high energies, the same results for the p-p and p-pbar elastic amplitudes as the standard Donnachie-Landshoff pomeron. But with our tensor pomeron it is much more natural to write down effective vertices of all kinds which respect the rules of QFT. This is particularly clear for the coupling of the pomeron to particles carrying spin, for instance vector mesons. We describe the odderon as an effective vector exchange. We emphasise that with a tensor pomeron and a vector odderon the corresponding charge-conjugation relations are automatically fulfilled. We compare the model to some experimental data, in particular to data for the total cross sections, in order to determine the model parameters. The model should provide a starting point for a general framework for describing soft high-energy reactions. It should give to experimentalists an easily manageable tool for calculating amplitudes for such reactions and for obtaining predictions which can be compared in detail with data.
description: 58 pages
Phoretic flow induced by asymmetric confinement
Creators: name: Lisicki, Maciej
name: Michelin, S
name: Lauga, Eric Lauga
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Internal phoretic flows due to the interactions of solid boundaries with local chemical gradients may be created using chemical patterning. Alternatively, we demonstrate here that internal flows might also be induced by geometric asymmetries of chemically homogeneous surfaces. We characterise the circulatory flow created in a cavity enclosed between two eccentric cylindrical walls of uniform chemical activity. Local gradients of the diffusing solute induce a slip flow along the surface of the cylinders, leading to a circulatory bulk flow pattern which can be solved analytically in the diffusive limit. The flow strength can be controlled by adjusting the relative positions of the cylinders, and an optimal configuration is identified. These results provide a model system for tunable phoretic pumps.
Regular Splitting Graph Network for 3D Human Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Hassan, Tanvir
name: Hamza, A. Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In human pose estimation methods based on graph convolutional architectures, the human skeleton is usually modeled as an undirected graph whose nodes are body joints and edges are connections between neighboring joints. However, most of these methods tend to focus on learning relationships between body joints of the skeleton using first-order neighbors, ignoring higher-order neighbors and hence limiting their ability to exploit relationships between distant joints. In this paper, we introduce a higher-order regular splitting graph network (RS-Net) for 2D-to-3D human pose estimation using matrix splitting in conjunction with weight and adjacency modulation. The core idea is to capture long-range dependencies between body joints using multi-hop neighborhoods and also to learn different modulation vectors for different body joints as well as a modulation matrix added to the adjacency matrix associated to the skeleton. This learnable modulation matrix helps adjust the graph structure by adding extra graph edges in an effort to learn additional connections between body joints. Instead of using a shared weight matrix for all neighboring body joints, the proposed RS-Net model applies weight unsharing before aggregating the feature vectors associated to the joints in order to capture the different relations between them. Experiments and ablations studies performed on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, achieving superior performance over recent state-of-the-art methods for 3D human pose estimation.
Economics of Butter Production and Marketing
Creators: name: Jones, W. Webster
name: Jones, W. Webster
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Butter
subject: consumption
subject: costs
subject: marketing
subject: price spreads
subject: prices
subject: price determination
subject: price supports
subject: production
subject: trends

description: Changes in factors affecting the economic performance of the butter industry are discussed. Emphasis is placed on trends in butter production, plant numbers, production per plant, regional shifts in production, per capita consumption, and sources of butterfat. Comparison is made of costs of butter manufacture using batch and continuous-churn systems. Breakdowns are made of costs by function and cost element. Farm-to-retail price spreads are analyzed along with factors which determine farm value and retail price. Results of a study of costs and margins of butter sold in nine selected cities are discussed. Also, a brief description is given of the marketing channels for butter.
Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Quantum Yield and Lifetime
Creators: name: Cong, Wenxiang
name: Wang, Ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising modality for non-invasive imaging of internal fluorescence agents in biological tissues especially in small animal models, with applications in diagnosis, therapy, and drug design. In this paper, we present a new fluorescent reconstruction algorithm that combines time-resolved fluorescence imaging data with photon-counting micro-CT (PCMCT) images to estimate the quantum yield and lifetime of fluorescent markers in a mouse model. By incorporating PCMCT images, a permissible region of interest of fluorescence yield and lifetime can be roughly estimated as prior knowledge, reducing the number of unknown variables in the inverse problem and improving image reconstruction stability. Our numerical simulation results demonstrate the accuracy and stability of this method in the presence of data noise, with an average relative error of 18% in fluorescent yield and lifetime reconstruction.
Phase transitions in systems with non-additive long-range interactions
Creators: name: Mori, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spin systems with long-range interactions in nonadditive regime. When the non-additive scaling limit is employed, the energy and the entropy compete and the system exhibits some phase transitions. Such systems do not satisfy the additivity, which results in some unfamiliar properties related to phase transitions. In this paper, the concept of additivity and its consequence are explained and the recent progress on statistical mechanics of long-range interacting systems are reviewed. It is shown that the parameter space is clearly decomposed into the three regions according to the stability of the uniform state predicted by the mean-field theory. Based on this parameter space decomposition, recent results on the exactness of MF theory are explained. When the interaction is non-negative (ferromagnetic), the analysis of the mean-field theory is exact and a typical spin configuration is always uniform in the canonical ensemble. However, in the restricted canonical ensemble, i.e., the canonical ensemble with a restriction of the value of the magnetization, it is shown that the mean-field theory does not necessarily give the exact description of the system and phase transitions between the mean-field uniform states (MF phase) and the inhomogeneous states (non-MF phase) occur. A new finding is that when the interaction potential changes its sign depending on the distance, the non-MF phase appears even in the canonical ensemble.
description: Proceedings of the STATPHYS25 conference
Additional file 1 of Genetic variation and molecular evolution of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus and its betasatellite DNA isolates in China
Creators: name: Yu, Jingwen
name: Xiong, Yan
name: Li, Yin
name: Zhao, Meisheng
name: Yang, Xiaolong
name: Wang, Yalu
name: Huang, Hongkun
name: Zhou, Changyong
name: Huang, Wenkun
name: Qing, Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. PCR detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virusin typical gemini viruses samples collected in China between 2008 and 2012. Table S2. Information for Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus isolates used in this study. Table S3. Information for Tomato yellow leaf curl China beta satellite was used in this study. Table S4. Nucleotide sequence identities in Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus genomes based on geographic populations. Table S5. Nucleotide sequence identities in Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite based on geographic populations. Table S6. Insertions/Deletions events in individual proteins from 57 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus isolates and 109 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite. Table S7. Genetic structure and variation of TYLCCNV populations. Table S8. Genetic structure and variation of TYLCCNB populations. Table S9. Genetic structure and variation of TbCSB populations. Table S10. Genetic structure and variation of MYVB populations. Table S11.Primers were used for PCR detection of DNA viruses in 168 samples.
title: Das politische Reich Gottes; 1849
title: Jacobi 5. v. 1 bis 9. - 3. Mose 19. v. 12 bis 18. - Liebe deinen Nächsten, wie dich selbst, das ist das vollkommene Gesetz. 3. Mose 19. v. 18. - Marcus 12. v. 30 und 31
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kutt, Johann Jakob
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Verf. ermittelt
An observational and theoretical view of the radial distribution of HI gas in galaxies
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
name: Fu, Jian
name: Aumer, Michael
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Józsa, Gyula I. G.
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Huang, Mei-ling
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: van der Hulst, Thijs
name: Bigiel, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the radial distribution of HI gas for 23 disk galaxies with unusually high HI content from the Bluedisk sample, along with a similar-sized sample of "normal" galaxies. We propose an empirical model to fit the radial profile of the HI surface density, an exponential function with a depression near the center. The radial HI surface density profiles are very homogeneous in the outer regions of the galaxy; the exponentially declining part of the profile has a scale-length of $\sim 0.18$ R1, where R1 is the radius where the column density of the HI is 1 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$. This holds for all galaxies, independent of their stellar or HI mass. The homogenous outer profiles, combined with the limited range in HI surface density in the non-exponential inner disk, results in the well-known tight relation between HI size and HI mass. By comparing the radial profiles of the HI-rich galaxies with those of the control systems, we deduce that in about half the galaxies, most of the excess gas lies outside the stellar disk, in the exponentially declining outer regions of the HI disk. In the other half, the excess is more centrally peaked. We compare our results with existing smoothed-particle hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytic models of disk galaxy formation in a $Λ$ Cold Dark Matter universe. Both the hydro simulations and the semi-analytic models reproduce the HI surface density profiles and the HI size-mass relation without further tuning of the simulation and model inputs. In the semi-analytic models, the universal shape of the outer HI radial profiles is a consequence of the {\em assumption} that infalling gas is always distributed exponentially. The conversion of atomic gas to molecular form explains the limited range of HI surface densities in the inner disk. These two factors produce the tight HI mass-size relation.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Technical Efficiency-Food Security Nexus in Kaduna State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Poultry Egg Farmers
Creators: name: Oyakhilomen, Oyinbo
name: Daniel, Adah Itodo
name: Zibah, Rekwot Grace
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Farms--Technological innovations
Sustainable agriculture
Eggs--Production
Egg products industry--Technological innovations
Food security
Sustainability
Agriculture

description: This study analysed the technical efficiency of poultry egg production for sustainable food security in the study area using primary data. The data were analysed using stochastic frontier, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) food security measurement, and correlation analysis to determine the relationship between technical efficiency and food security. The result of the study revealed that the poultry egg farmers had a very low technical efficiency of 23%, which implies that the poultry egg farmers have a chance of improving their technical efficiency by 77% using their available resource efficiently. The result also revealed that few of the households (10%) were food secure while most of them (90%) were food insecure at different levels of food insecurity. The result of the study further indicated a direct relationship between technical efficiency and food security at 1% level of probability, implying that as average productivity increases, food security increases. The policy implication is that food security among the poultry egg farmers is linked with improving their farm efficiency. If food security is to be ensured among the poultry egg farmers, their farming activities must be efficient. The study recommended that the poor food security status of the poultry egg farmers be improved by addressing their low level of technical efficiency through ensuring the efficient utilization of their available resources. This calls for emphasis on extension activities to focus on training poultry egg farmers on improved production management practices.
Singularities of Functions on the Martinet Plane, Constrained Hamiltonian Systems and Singular Lagrangians
Creators: name: Kourliouros, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider here the analytic classification of pairs $(ω,f)$ where $ω$ is a germ of a 2-form on the plane and $f$ is a quasihomogeneous function germ with isolated singularities. We consider only the case where $ω$ is singular, i.e. it vanishes non-degenerately along a smooth line $H(ω)$ (Martinet case) and the function $f$ is such that the pair $(f,H(ω))$ defines an isolated boundary singularity. In analogy with the ordinary case (for symplectic forms on the plane) we show that the moduli in the classification problem are analytic functions of 1-variable and that their number is exactly equal to the Milnor number of the corresponding boundary singularity. Moreover we derive a normal form for the pair $(ω,f)$ involving exactly these functional invariants. Finally we give an application of the results in the theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems, related to the motion of charged particles in the quantisation limit in an electromagnetic field, which in turn leads to a list of normal forms of generic singular Lagrangians (of first order in the velocities) on the plane.
Additional file 2 of Genetic variation and molecular evolution of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus and its betasatellite DNA isolates in China
Creators: name: Yu, Jingwen
name: Xiong, Yan
name: Li, Yin
name: Zhao, Meisheng
name: Yang, Xiaolong
name: Wang, Yalu
name: Huang, Hongkun
name: Zhou, Changyong
name: Huang, Wenkun
name: Qing, Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Neighbor-joiningphylogenetic tree constructed using MEGA11 based on a 57 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus isolates and b 66 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite. Different colours are represented host. Figure S2. Split network analysis of a 57 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus isolates and b 109 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite isolates. Figure S3. Nucleotide sequence identities in of a 57 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus whole-genome sequence and b 109 Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite whole-genome sequence. Figure S4. a Distribution of mutations in SCR-βC1 regions of TbCSB populations in N. glutinosa and N. benthamiana, and b distribution of mutations in SCR-βC1 regions of MYVB in field populations. c The analysis of genomic variation of TbCSB populations in N. glutinosa and N. benthamiana, and d genomic variation of MYVB populations in N. glutinosa and N.benthamiana.
Observation of strontium segregation in LaAlO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ and NdGaO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ oxide heterostructures by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Treske, Uwe
name: Heming, Nadine
name: Krause, Stefan
name: Knupfer, Martin
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Di Gennaro, Emiliano
name: di Uccio, Umberto Scotti
name: Granozio, Fabio Miletto
name: Koitzsch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LaAlO$_{3}$ and NdGaO$_{3}$ thin films of different thickness have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on TiO$_2$-terminated SrTiO$_{3}$ single crystals and investigated by soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The surface sensitivity of the measurements has been tuned by varying photon energy $hν$ and emission angle $Θ$. In contrast to the core levels of the other elements, the Sr $3d$ line shows an unexpected splitting for higher surface sensitivity, signaling the presence of a second strontium component. From our quantitative analysis we conclude that during the growth process Sr atoms diffuse away from the substrate and segregate at the surface of the heterostructure, possibly forming strontium oxide.
Time-Dependent Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Simulations with a Defective Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Yuwono, Stephen H.
name: Cooper, Brandon C.
name: Zhang, Tianyuan
name: Li, Xiaosong
name: DePrince, A. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations of laser-induced electron dynamics in a molecular system are performed using time-dependent (TD) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The target system has been chosen to highlight potential shortcomings of truncated TD-EOM-CC methods [represented in this work by TD-EOM-CC with single and double excitations (TD-EOM-CCSD)], where unphysical spectroscopic features can emerge. Specifically, we explore driven resonant electronic excitations in magnesium fluoride in the proximity of an avoided crossing. Near the avoided crossing, the CCSD similarity-transformed Hamiltonian is defective, meaning that it has complex eigenvalues, and oscillator strengths may take on negative values. When an external field is applied to drive transitions to states exhibiting these traits, unphysical dynamics are observed. For example, the stationary states that make up the time-dependent state acquire populations that can be negative, exceed one, or even be complex-valued.
Molecular theory for the phase equilibria and cluster distribution of associating fluids with small bond angles
Creators: name: Marshall, B. D.
name: Chapman, W. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new theory for associating fluids with multiple association sites. The theory accounts for small bond angle effects such as steric hindrance, ring formation and double bonding. The theory is validated against monte carlo simulations for the case of a fluid of patchy colloid particles with three patches and is found to be very accurate. Once validated, the theory is applied to study the phase diagram of a fluid composed of three patch colloids. It is found that bond angle has a significant effect on the phase diagram and the very existence of a liquid - vapor transition.
Unipotent commutative group actions on flag varieties and nilpotent multiplications
Creators: name: Devyatov, Rostislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 14M17

description: Our goal is to classify all generically transitive actions of commutative unipotent groups on flag varieties up to conjugation. We establish relationship between this problem and classification of multiplications with certain properties on Lie algebra representations. Then we classify multiplications with the desired properties and solve the initial classification problem.
description: 25 pages, master thesis (improved afterwards)
MobRec — Mobile Platform for Decentralized Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Beierle, Felix
name: Egger, Simone
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: device-to-device communication
subject: mobile ad hoc networks
subject: mobile applications
subject: pervasive computing
subject: recommender systems
subject: social networking services
subject: ubiquitous computing

description: Recommender systems recommend new movies, music, restaurants, etc. Typically, service providers organize such systems in a centralized way, holding all the data. Biases in the recommender systems are not transparent to the user and lock-in effects might make it inconvenient for the user to switch providers. In this paper, we present the concept, design, and implementation of MobRec, a mobile platform that decentralizes the data collection, data storage, and recommendation process. MobRec's architecture does not need any backend and solely consists of the users' smartphones, which already contain the users' preferences and ratings. Being in proximity in public places or public transportation, data is exchanged in a device-to-device manner, building local databases that can recommend new items. One of biggest challenges of such a system is the implementation of unobtrusive device-to-device data exchange on off-the-shelf Android devices and iPhones. MobRec facilitates such data exchange, building on Google Nearby Messages with Bluetooth Low Energy. We achieve the successful exchange of data within 3 to 4 minutes, making it suitable for the described scenario. We demonstrate the feasibility of decentralized recommender systems and provide blueprints for the development of seamless multi-platform device-to-device communication.
Magnetic configuration sweep control in Heliac type stellarators
Creators: name: Romero, J. A.
name: Pacios, L.
name: de la Peña, A.
name: Lapayese, F.
name: Ascasíbar, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel magnetic configuration sweep control system for the TJ-II Heliac device is described. The system is prepared to establish a reference for plasma, torus or vessel current while the coil configuration currents are swept during a single plasma discharge. It can also be run in a special simulation mode, which does not require powering the TJ-II device, intended for commissioning and experiment preparation purposes. Preliminary tests with the system have shown its ability to perform rotational transform scans while establishing a waveform for torus current independently, despite variable plasma conditions. This opens up new experimental possibilities to study the influence of rotational transform and shear independently.