cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single-photon-level sub-Doppler pump-probe spectroscopy of rubidium
Creators: name: Burdekin, Paul
name: Grandi, Samuele
name: Newbold, Rielly
name: Hoggarth, Rowan A.
name: Major, Kyle D.
name: Clark, Alex S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate pump-probe spectroscopy of rubidium absorption which reveals the sub-Doppler hyperfine structure of the $^{5}$S$_{1/2} \leftrightarrow$ $^{5}$P$_{3/2}$ (D2) transitions. The counter propagating pump and probe lasers are independently tunable in frequency, with the probe operating at the single-photon-level. The two-dimensional spectrum measured as the laser frequencies are scanned shows fluorescence, Doppler-broadened absorption dips and sub-Doppler features. The detuning between the pump and probe lasers allows compensation of the Doppler shift for all atomic velocities in the room temperature vapor, meaning we observe sub-Doppler features for all atoms in the beam. We detail a theoretical model of the system which incorporates fluorescence, saturation effects and optical pumping and compare this with the measured spectrum, finding a mean absolute percentage error of 4.17\%. In the future this technique could assist in frequency stabilization of lasers, and the single-photon-level probe could be replaced by a single photon source.
description: 5 page paper, 4 page supplemental material. Comments welcome
A grid of chemical evolution models as a tool to interpret spiral and irregular galaxies data
Creators: name: Molla, M.
name: Diaz, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalization of the multiphase chemical evolution model applied to a wide set of theoretical galaxies with different masses and evolutionary rates. This generalized set of models has been computed using the so-called Universal Rotation Curve from Persic et al (1996) to calculate the radial mass distribution of 44 theoretical protogalaxies. This distribution is a fundamental input which, besides its own effect on the galaxy evolution, defines the characteristic collapse time-scale or gas infall rate onto the disc.We have adopted 10 sets of values, between 0 and 1, for the molecular cloud and star formation efficiencies, as corresponding to their probability nature, for each one of the radial distributions of total mass. Thus, we have constructed a bi-parametric grid of models, depending on those efficiency sets and on the rotation velocity, whose results are valid in principle for any spiral or irregular galaxy. The model results provide the time evolution of different regions of the disc and the halo along galactocentric distance, measured by the gas (atomic and molecular) and stellar masses, the star formation rate and chemical abundances of 14 elements, for a total of 440 models. This grid may be used to estimate the evolution of a given galaxy for which only present time information -- such as radial distributions of elemental abundances, gas densities and/or star formation, which are the usual observational constraints of chemical evolution models -- is available.
description: 27 pag., 20 fig, to be published in MNRAS
Twin-Piston Pressure Balance For Measurement And Uncertainty Evaluation Of Differential Pressure Digital Transducer
Creators: name: , Chanchal
name: Singh, Renu
name: Garg, Deepika
name: Kumar, Ajay
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2021
Subjects: Metrology
Uncertainty
Dead Weight Tester (DWT)
Digital transducer
Twin pressure balance

description: Pressure measurement plays significant role in development of various instruments and in industry. Pressure measurement, its control and accuracy are always attraction of scientist. There are many devices for the pressure measurement like U-tube manometer, Bourdon tube/Dial gauge, Dead weight tester. The present study focused on the precise generation of differential pressures with static pressure range in 0 MPa to 50 MPa using twin pressure balance in hydraulic mode. The metrological characteristics of a differential pressure digital transducer were evaluated.
Virologic studies in pediatric HIV-1 infection
Creators: name: Binns, Christine Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The proportion of HIV-1-infected children is increasing in parallel with that of women of child-bearing age. There are currently over 200 HIV-1-infected Canadian children. This study was undertaken with the main objective being to evaluate several clinical and laboratory measures in this population to gain a better understanding of their disease status and their risk for progressing to AIDS. These measures included viral load testing, drug resistance testing, CD4+ T cell levels, and viral phenotype testing. It was hypothesized that a group of clinical and/or laboratory tests exist which would be optimal markers by which to assess a pediatric HIV-1 patient's current status as well as the risk of disease progression over time. Secondary objectives included to determine the prevalence of resistance to zidovudine (ZDV) in HIV-1-infected Canadian children and to determine the association of drug resistance with the other clinical and laboratory variables evaluated. HIV-1-infected pediatric patients were recruited from seven healthcare centers across Canada. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood samples donated by these patients. Plasma viral load determinations were performed. PBMCs were co-cultured to generate viral stocks from which viral phenotype and standardized ZDV resistance testing assays were performed. PBMCs were also used to set up quantitative micrococultures which were used as the basis for our rapid phenotypic resistance assay and for determining cell-associated viral loads. Data was available for a total of 86 patients. 23/78 (30%) HIV-1 positive viral isolates were of the SI phenotype. 14/60 (23%) isolates showed resistance to ZDV according to the rapid phenotypic resistance assay. Median cell-associated viral load was 125 IU/106 cells and median plasma viral load was 25000 copies/ml. 26/53 (49%) isolates showed resistance to ZDV according to the genotypic resistance assay. A positive correlation was observed between cell-associated and plasma viral load (r=0.37, p=0.004). Plasma viral load and the presence of encephalopathy were also highly correlated (p=0.023), as were plasma viral load and perinatal transmission (p=0.004). In contrast, cell-associated viral load tended to be higher in children without encephalopathy and who had acquired HIV-1 non-perinatally (highly significant (p=0.001)). 35/45 (78%) of the samples on which comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic resistance was performed produced concordant results. Phenotypic resistance, genotypic resistance, and SI phenotype were found to be correlated with lower CD4 cell counts and percents. According to the results obtained in this study, the prevalence of ZDV resistance among HIV-1-infected Canadian children is high. It is surprising that more significant associations between different parameters were not found in establishing this "viral inventory". Associations may become more clear as prospective data are obtained.
Additional file 3 of Developing and validating a questionnaire for mortality follow-back studies on end-of-life care and decision-making in a resource-poor Caribbean country
Creators: name: Jennings, Nicholas
name: Chambaere, Kenneth
name: Macpherson, Cheryl Cox
name: Cox, Karen L.
name: Deliens, Luc
name: Cohen, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Supplemental 2. General questions 1 and 2
On the origin of the C induced $p4g$ reconstruction of Ni(001)
Creators: name: Stolbov, Sergey
name: Hong, Sampyo
name: Kara, Abdelkader
name: Rahman, Talat S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First principles calculations of the geometric and electronic structures have been performed for two coverages (0.25 ML and 0.5 ML) of C on Ni(001) to understand the mechanism of the Ni(001) reconstruction induced by carbon adsorption. The calculated structural behavior of the system is in a good agreement with experimental observations. The calculated path and energetics of the $c(2\times 2)$ -- $p4g$ reconstruction in C$_{0.5}$/Ni(001) is provided. A dramatic reduction of the local electronic charge on adsorbed carbon is found to occur upon the reconstruction that decreases the electron-electron repulsion on C site. This effect together with the formation of covalent bonds between C and the second layer Ni atoms, leads to reconstruction of Ni(001).
description: 11 pages, 7 fugures
Explaining reputation assessments
Creators: name: Nunes, Ingrid
name: Taylor, Phillip
name: Barakat, Lina
name: Griffiths, Nathan
name: Miles, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reputation is crucial to enabling human or software agents to select among alternative providers. Although several effective reputation assessment methods exist, they typically distil reputation into a numerical representation, with no accompanying explanation of the rationale behind the assessment. Such explanations would allow users or clients to make a richer assessment of providers, and tailor selection according to their preferences and current context. In this paper, we propose an approach to explain the rationale behind assessments from quantitative reputation models, by generating arguments that are combined to form explanations. Our approach adapts, extends and combines existing approaches for explaining decisions made using multi-attribute decision models in the context of reputation. We present example argument templates, and describe how to select their parameters using explanation algorithms. Our proposal was evaluated by means of a user study, which followed an existing protocol. Our results give evidence that although explanations present a subset of the information of trust scores, they are sufficient to equally evaluate providers recommended based on their trust score. Moreover, when explanation arguments reveal implicit model information, they are less persuasive than scores.
What the lattice can tell us about nucleon structure
Creators: name: Schroers, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review focuses on the current status of lattice calculations of three observables which are both phenomenologically and experimentally relevant and have been scrutinized recently. These three observables are the nucleon electromagnetic form factors, the momentum fraction, , and the nucleon axial coupling, gA.
description: 6 pages; review presented at the" Workshop on Computational Hadron Physics" in Nicosia, Cyprus
Mixed Amodiaquine-Acetylsalicylic Acid Metal Complexes: Characterization and Antimicrobial Potentials
Creators: name: Ikechukwu P. Ejidike
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Amodiaquine
Physicochemical
Acetylsalicylic acid
Metal complexes
Antibacterial

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 1, 53-63
High-quality Development of Selenium-enriched Industry in Guangxi Driven by Scientific and Technological Innovation
Creators: name: LIU Yongxian
name: XING  Ying
name: TANG Xue
name: HE Zhong
name: PAN Liping
name: CHEN Jinping
name: CHEN Boqian
name: LIANG Qi
name: XU Jingmao
name: JIANG Zepu
name: LIANG Panxia
name: LIAO Qing
name: HUANG Taiqing
name: LIU Yongxian
name: XING  Ying
name: TANG Xue
name: HE Zhong
name: PAN Liping
name: CHEN Jinping
name: CHEN Boqian
name: LIANG Qi
name: XU Jingmao
name: JIANG Zepu
name: LIANG Panxia
name: LIAO Qing
name: HUANG Taiqing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Scientific and technological innovation, Selenium enrichment, High-quality development, Rural revitalization

description: As the largest natural selenium-enriched soil area in China, Guangxi has achieved a leapfrog development in its selenium-enriched industry through the implementation of major scientific and technological projects driven by selenium-enriched innovation. The selenium-enriched industry has also become a new force in the poverty alleviation industry in Guangxi, making remarkable achievements. While summarizing and sorting out the effective measures and effects of scientific and technological innovation driving the development of selenium-enriched industry, the present paper analyzed some shortcomings and problems in the high-quality development of the selenium-enriched industry driven by the scientific and technological innovation. Finally, in view of the problems, it came up with pertinent recommendations and countermeasures, to better promote high-quality development of the selenium-enriched industry and boost the rural revitalization.
Living in Earth: the Sustainability of Earth Architecture in Uganda
Creators: name: Sanya, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330105
subject: Architectural science and technology
classificationCode: 330206
subject: Building science, technologies and systems
classificationCode: 330313
subject: Social design
classificationCode: 330314
subject: Sustainable design
classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture

description: Living in Earth The Sustainability of Earth Architecture in UgandaThe main title of this thesis – “Living in Earth” – refers to staying in buildings with unfired earth walls. But more generally, it also hints at the sustainability requirement of living within the ecological limits of planet earth. By adopting an emancipatory perspective, this thesis presents the concept of sustainability as embodying the difficult-to-reconcile aims of safeguarding human wellbeing (including alleviation of poverty) and preservation of the environment .The context for this research is Uganda, a country where the urban formal sector supports a small affluent elite but the majority of the people exist in conditions of abject poverty in rural areas and in the urban informal sector. By relating the Ugandan poverty situation to deficiencies in the country’s architecture, this thesis expounds the feasibility of the optimistic view that, if econo-mic production is modelled on the sustainable development approach, it is possible to eliminate poverty and improve social conditions while avoiding environmental problems. The arguments of the thesis are based on the earth building techniques of adobe, wattle-and-daub, and Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). A fourth technique of brick is chosen as a benchmark. Using a multi-criteria analysis approach and ideas from systems theory, the four techniques are evaluated on social, economic and environmental sustainability criteria. Comparison reveals that, for the same architectural quality, the wattle-and-daub and adobe techniques are more sustainable vis-à-vis brick because they contribute to alleviation of poverty and improved socio-economic conditions while also remaining ecologically benign. But, compared to the brick alternative, the CEB technique perpetuates conditions of socio-economic indigence and engenders more environmental problems. By contextualising the research findings at national level, it is argued that the economic and environmental opportunity cost of disregarding sustain-able approaches to building construction and to production in general is too high for a country like Uganda, and indeed for global ecology. Contextualisation of the research outcomes at internatio-nal level suggests that social, environmental and economic sustainability can best be engendered and safeguarded by decentralised production systems based on use of local resources and simple process cycles.
Quantitatively Assessing the Benefits of Model-driven Development in Agent-based Modeling and Simulation
Creators: name: Santos, Fernando
name: Nunes, Ingrid
name: Bazzan, Ana L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) paradigm has been used to analyze, reproduce, and predict phenomena related to many application areas. Although there are many agent-based platforms that support simulation development, they rely on programming languages that require extensive programming knowledge. Model-driven development (MDD) has been explored to facilitate simulation modeling, by means of high-level modeling languages that provide reusable building blocks that hide computational complexity, and code generation. However, there is still limited knowledge of how MDD approaches to ABMS contribute to increasing development productivity and quality. We thus in this paper present an empirical study that quantitatively compares the use of MDD and ABMS platforms mainly in terms of effort and developer mistakes. Our evaluation was performed using MDD4ABMS-an MDD approach with a core and extensions to two application areas, one of which developed for this study-and NetLogo, a widely used platform. The obtained results show that MDD4ABMS requires less effort to develop simulations with similar (sometimes better) design quality than NetLogo, giving evidence of the benefits that MDD can provide to ABMS.
Additional file 1 of Developing and validating a questionnaire for mortality follow-back studies on end-of-life care and decision-making in a resource-poor Caribbean country
Creators: name: Jennings, Nicholas
name: Chambaere, Kenneth
name: Macpherson, Cheryl Cox
name: Cox, Karen L.
name: Deliens, Luc
name: Cohen, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1. Validated questionnaire
Optimal approximations of available states and a triple uncertainty relation
Creators: name: Liang, Xiao-Bin
name: Li, Bo
name: Huang, Liang
name: Ye, Biao-Liang
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Huang, Shi-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the optimal convex approximation of the quantum state with respect to a set of available states. By isometric transformation, we have presented the general mathematical model and its solutions together with a triple uncertainty equality relation. Meanwhile, we show a concise inequality criterion for decomposing qubit mixed states. The new results include previous ones as special cases. Our model and method may be applied to solve similar problems in high-dimensional and multipartite scenarios
description: comments are welcome
Additional file 2 of Developing and validating a questionnaire for mortality follow-back studies on end-of-life care and decision-making in a resource-poor Caribbean country
Creators: name: Jennings, Nicholas
name: Chambaere, Kenneth
name: Macpherson, Cheryl Cox
name: Cox, Karen L.
name: Deliens, Luc
name: Cohen, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Supplemental 1. Interview guide
Multi-channel scattering and Feshbach resonances: Effective theory, phenomenology, and many-body effects
Creators: name: Bruun, G. M.
name: Jackson, A. D.
name: Kolomeitsev, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A low energy effective theory based on a microscopic multi-channel description of the atom-atom interaction is derived for the scattering of alkali atoms in different hyperfine states. This theory describes all scattering properties, including medium effects, in terms of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths and the range of the atom-atom potential and provides a link between a microscopic description of Feshbach scattering and more phenomenological approaches. It permits the calculation of medium effects on the resonance coming from the occupation of closed channel states. The examination of such effects are demonstrated to be of particular relevance to an experimentally important Feshbach resonance for $^{40}$K atoms. We analyze a recent rethermalization rate experiment on $^{40}$K and demonstrate that a measurement of the temperature dependence of this rate can determine the magnetic moment of the Feshbach molecule. Finally, the energy dependence of the Feshbach interaction is shown to introduce a negative effective range inversely proportional to the width of the resonance. Since our theory is based on a microscopic multi-channel picture, it allows the explicit calculation of corrections to commonly used approximations such as the neglect of the effective range and the treatment of the Feshbach molecule as a point boson.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Typos corrected. Accepted for PRA
Cardiac Segmentation with Strong Anatomical Guarantees
Creators: name: Painchaud, Nathan
name: Skandarani, Youssef
name: Judge, Thierry
name: Bernard, Olivier
name: Lalande, Alain
name: Jodoin, Pierre-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have had unprecedented success in medical imaging and, in particular, in medical image segmentation. However, despite the fact that segmentation results are closer than ever to the inter-expert variability, CNNs are not immune to producing anatomically inaccurate segmentations, even when built upon a shape prior. In this paper, we present a framework for producing cardiac image segmentation maps that are guaranteed to respect pre-defined anatomical criteria, while remaining within the inter-expert variability. The idea behind our method is to use a well-trained CNN, have it process cardiac images, identify the anatomically implausible results and warp these results toward the closest anatomically valid cardiac shape. This warping procedure is carried out with a constrained variational autoencoder (cVAE) trained to learn a representation of valid cardiac shapes through a smooth, yet constrained, latent space. With this cVAE, we can project any implausible shape into the cardiac latent space and steer it toward the closest correct shape. We tested our framework on short-axis MRI as well as apical two and four-chamber view ultrasound images, two modalities for which cardiac shapes are drastically different. With our method, CNNs can now produce results that are both within the inter-expert variability and always anatomically plausible without having to rely on a shape prior.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in IEEE TMI
One-loop weak corrections to hadronic production of Z bosons at large transverse momenta
Creators: name: Kuhn, J. H.
name: Kulesza, A.
name: Pozzorini, S.
name: Schulze, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To match the precision of present and future measurements of Z-boson production at hadron colliders, electroweak radiative corrections must be included in the theory predictions. In this paper we consider their effect on the transverse momentum ($p_T$) distribution of Z bosons, with emphasis on large $p_T$. We evaluate, analytically and numerically, the full one-loop corrections for the parton scattering reaction $q\bar q \to Z g$ and its crossed variants. In addition we derive compact approximate expressions which are valid in the high-energy region, where the weak corrections are strongly enhanced by logarithms of $\hat s/M_W^2$. These expressions include quadratic and single logarithms as well as those terms that are not logarithmically enhanced. This approximation, which confirms and extends earlier results obtained to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, permits to reproduce the exact one-loop corrections with high precision. Numerical results are presented for proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions. The corrections are negative and their size increases with $p_T$. For the Tevatron they amount up to -7% at 300 GeV. For the LHC, where transverse momenta of 2 TeV or more can be reached, corrections up to -40% are observed. We also include the dominant two-loop effects of up to 8% in our final LHC predictions.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Contract Pricing and Packer Competition in Fed Cattle Market
Creators: name: Park, Moon-Soo
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Jin, Yanhong H.
name: Park, Moon-Soo
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Jin, Yanhong H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We use a game-theoretical framework to analyze the coexistence of spot and contract markets in the cattle industry. A duopsony scenario with two packers and N feeders is used to reflect the reality in the cattle industry. Our main contribution is to incorporate the risk components and the pricing of hedonic attributes of cattle quality. Our preliminary results show that packers have an incentive to transform bidding strategies in spot markets when a series of hedonic characteristics play some significant roles in establishing cattle prices in contract market. That is, we will show that the effectiveness of contract with TOMP clauses on packer competition in a spot market depends on whether there is a correlation between spot price and hedonic characteristics. The results may shed light on understanding potential effects of captive supplies on market power and may aid in the assessment of the policies designed to enhance competition in the cattle industry.
Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Rosson, C. Parr
name: Adcock, Flynn J.
name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Rosson, C. Parr
name: Adcock, Flynn J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper examines the impact of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA. The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A 1 percent decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 3.96 percent in the first six years of NAFTA and by 1.07 percent in the last six years of NAFTA. US imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.
XMM-Newton Observations of Evolution of Cluster X-Ray Scaling Relations at z=0.4-0.7
Creators: name: Kotov, O.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spatially-resolved analysis of the temperature and gas density profiles of galaxy clusters at z=0.4-0.7 observed with XMM-Newton. These data are used to derive the total cluster mass within the radius r_500 without assuming isothermality, and also to measure the average temperature and total X-ray luminosity excluding the cooling cores. We derive the high-redshift M-T and L-T relations and compare them with the local measurements. The high-redshift L-T relation has low scatter and evolves as L ~ (1+z)^{1.8\pm0.3} for a fixed T, in good agreement with several previous Chandra and XMM-Newton studies (Vikhlinin et al., Lumb et al., Maughan et al.). The observed evolution of the M-T relation follows M_500 = A T^{3/2} E(z)^{-alpha}, where we measure alpha=0.88\pm0.23. This is in good agreement with predictions of the self-similar theory, alpha=1.
description: ApJ in press, updated to match the accepted version
Der Stand der ökumenischen Verhandlungen über das Thema der nächsten Weltkirchenkonferenz
Creators: name: Schlink, Edmund
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 1 Nr. 2 (1952): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 1, Heft 2
Survey-propagation decimation through distributed local computations
Creators: name: Chavas, Joel
name: Furtlehner, Cyril
name: Mezard, Marc
name: Zecchina, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the implementation of two distributed solvers of the random K-SAT problem, based on some development of the recently introduced survey-propagation (SP) algorithm. The first solver, called the "SP diffusion algorithm", diffuses as dynamical information the maximum bias over the system, so that variable nodes can decide to freeze in a self-organized way, each variable making its decision on the basis of purely local information. The second solver, called the "SP reinforcement algorithm", makes use of time-dependent external forcing messages on each variable, which let the variables get completely polarized in the direction of a solution at the end of a single convergence. Both methods allow us to find a solution of the random 3-SAT problem in a range of parameters comparable with the best previously described serialized solvers. The simulated time of convergence towards a solution (if these solvers were implemented on a distributed device) grows as log(N).
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Lunar close encounters compete with the circumterrestrial Lidov-Kozai effect
Creators: name: Amato, Davide
name: Malhotra, Renu
name: Sidorenko, Vladislav
name: Rosengren, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F15

description: Luna 3 (or Lunik 3 in Russian sources) was the first spacecraft to perform a flyby of the Moon. Launched in October 1959 on a translunar trajectory with large semi-major axis and eccentricity, it collided with the Earth in late March 1960. The short, 6-month dynamical lifetime has often been explained through an increase in eccentricity due to the Lidov-Kozai effect. However, the classical Lidov-Kozai solution is only valid in the limit of small semi-major axis ratio, a condition that is satisfied only for solar (but not for lunar) perturbations. We undertook a study of the dynamics of Luna 3 with the aim of assessing the principal mechanisms affecting its evolution. We analyze the Luna 3 trajectory by generating accurate osculating solutions, and by comparing them to integrations of singly- and doubly-averaged equations of motion in vectorial form. Lunar close encounters, which cannot be reproduced in an averaging approach, decisively affect the trajectory and break the doubly-averaged dynamics. Solar perturbations induce oscillations of intermediate period that affect the geometry of the close encounters and cause the singly-averaged and osculating inclinations to change quadrants (the orbital plane ``flips''). We find that the peculiar evolution of Luna 3 can only be explained by taking into account lunar close encounters and intermediate-period terms; such terms are averaged out in the Lidov-Kozai solution, which is not adequate to describe translunar or cislunar trajectories. Understanding the limits of the Lidov-Kozai solution is of particular significance for the motion of objects in the Earth-Moon environment and of exoplanetary systems.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, topical collection "Toward the Moon and Beyond." Parts of this work were presented at the 2018 John L. Junkins Dynamical Systems Symposium and at the 2019 Meeting of the AAS Division on Dynamical Astronomy (DDA)
Identification of floating-wind-specific O&M requirements and monitoring technologies
Creators: name: Marie-Antoinette Schwarzkopf
name: Borisade, Friedemann
name: Matha, Denis
name: Kallinger, Magnus Daniel
name: Mahfouz, Mohammad Youssef
name: Vicente, Rubén Durán
name: Muñoz, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This document identifies floating-wind-specific requirements as well as state-of-the-art techniques and monitoring technologies in order to enable economic O&M operations for future commercial floating wind farms. The deliverable concludes with recommendations for advanced O&M strategies
Unitary Evolution on a Discrete Phase Space
Creators: name: Floratos, E. G.
name: Nicolis, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct unitary evolution operators on a phase space with power of two discretization. These operators realize the metaplectic representation of the modular group SL(2,Z_{2^n}). It acts in a natural way on the coordinates of the non-commutative 2-torus, T_{2^n}^2$ and thus is relevant for non-commutative field theories as well as theories of quantum space-time. The class of operators may also be useful for the efficient realization of new quantum algorithms.
description: 5 pages, contribution to Lattice 2005 (theoretical developments)
The pre-illness marital relationship as the context for wives caregiving for a husband with Alzheimer disease
Creators: name: Bontinen, Kymberly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Wives caregiving for husbands with Alzheimer disease (AD) pursue the caregiving role within the context of their pre-illness marital relationships. A relationship-oriented approach to understanding informal family caregiving from the wives' perspective of their experience caregiving for their husbands with AD offers a new perspective to enable nurses to identify the caregiver's individual support needs. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to contribute to our knowledge of family caregiving by offering an understanding of the influence of the marriage relationship from the perspective of wives caregiving for husbands with AD. This research also endeavored to increase nursing knowledge regarding the wives' experience caregiving for husbands with AD within the context of marriage. This qualitative study is a secondary analysis of Dr. JoAnn Perry's (1995) PhD dissertation data. The secondary research method was guided by the principles of grounded theory and operated within the interpretive research tradition of symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism framed the analysis to promote understanding of the influence of the wives' pre-illness marital context. The findings of this study revealed that the nature of the preillness marital relationship for wives caregiving for husbands with AD was formed by the wives' interpretation of their husbands' behaviour and the meaning they assign to it and their understanding of their interactions as a married couple. The nature of the pre-illness marital relationship influenced the wives' ability to (1) access internal support from the marriage experience, and (2) preserve a sense of couplehood within the caregiving experience. The concept of connection emerged as an important experience within the marital-caregiving relationship in the following two ways. First, connecting with the person describes the process by which the wives enacted their desire to preserve a sense of couplehood. Secondly, the marital connection appeared to be the wives' link to internal support from the past marital relationship experience. Connecting with the past was one way that wives could enrich their caregiver-care-receiver relationship and experience gratification from the wife-caregiver role. Further investigation is required to confirm the marriage context as an influence within spousal caregiving. The author's interpretation of the wives' narratives in this secondary analysis offers one understanding of the wives' marital-caregiving experience for husbands with AD. This research outlines implications for nursing practice, education, and research.
Explainable AI for a No-Teardown Vehicle Component Cost Estimation: A Top-Down Approach
Creators: name: Moawad, Ayman
name: Islam, Ehsan
name: Kim, Namdoo
name: Vijayagopal, Ram
name: Rousseau, Aymeric
name: Wu, Wei Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The broader ambition of this article is to popularize an approach for the fair distribution of the quantity of a system's output to its subsystems, while allowing for underlying complex subsystem level interactions. Particularly, we present a data-driven approach to vehicle price modeling and its component price estimation by leveraging a combination of concepts from machine learning and game theory. We show an alternative to common teardown methodologies and surveying approaches for component and vehicle price estimation at the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) level that has the advantage of bypassing the uncertainties involved in 1) the gathering of teardown data, 2) the need to perform expensive and biased surveying, and 3) the need to perform retail price equivalent (RPE) or indirect cost multiplier (ICM) adjustments to mark up direct manufacturing costs to MSRP. This novel exercise not only provides accurate pricing of the technologies at the customer level, but also shows the, a priori known, large gaps in pricing strategies between manufacturers, vehicle sizes, classes, market segments, and other factors. There is also clear synergism or interaction between the price of certain technologies and other specifications present in the same vehicle. Those (unsurprising) results are indication that old methods of manufacturer-level component costing, aggregation, and the application of a flat and rigid RPE or ICM adjustment factor should be carefully examined. The findings are based on an extensive database, developed by Argonne National Laboratory, that includes more than 64,000 vehicles covering MY1990 to MY2020 over hundreds of vehicle specs.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures
Agricultural Policy as a Social Engineering Tool
Creators: name: Tavernier, Edmund M.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Tavernier, Edmund M.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This study uses logistic regression to estimate survey data on social engineering policies in the agricultural sector. The study finds that farm operators are unlikely to support a policy allowing countries to restrict trade to pursue domestic economic and social policy goals if the policies affect international trade. In particular the findings suggest that farm operators with annual gross sales including government payments between $500,000 and $999,999 are 80 percent less likely to indicate such a preference. Farm operators with advanced degrees, some college education and a high school diploma are also unlikely to indicate such a preference. In contrast farm operators who receive no income from farming or ranching and farm operators who receive a percentage of their family income from farming or ranching indicate that countries should be allowed to restrict trade to pursue domestic economic and social policy goals even if the policies affect international trade.
Spatial Clustering of the U.S. Biotech Industry
Creators: name: Sambidi, Pramod R.
name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Sambidi, Pramod R.
name: Harrison, R. Wes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The study develops a county-level spatial tobit model that analyzes factors affecting site-selection of the U.S. biotech industry. The hypothesis of spatial agglomeration economies is confirmed for the spatial structure of the biotech industry, indicating that biotech firms are positively correlated across counties, resulting in clustering of biotech production.
Conservation Reserve Program Participation and Acreage Enrollment of Working Farms
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants, there is a distinction between farm households using the program to ease out of farming and those using the program to augment production receipts. We find evidence that factors other than farm profitability and environmental factors may influence program participation of farmers who continue agricultural production. Program payments and farm size positively correlate with the amount of land enrolled in the CRP, and characteristics of participants in land retirement and working-lands CRP components are similar.
Does Natural Resource Extraction Mitigate Poverty and Inequality? Evidence from Rural Mexico
Creators: name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The potential importance of natural resources in poor rural household livelihoods has long been recognized but seldom quantified and analyzed. In this paper we examine distributional and poverty effects of natural resource extraction. To do so we use new data from a national rural household survey and a community survey implemented in the Lacandona Rainforest of México. By using Gini and poverty decomposition techniques, as well as bootstrapping methods, we analyze how poverty and inequality change if income from natural resources is not considered when calculating total household income. The marginal impact that a change in price (or in availability) of resources has on inequality is also described. Finally, with information from Frontera Corozal, the community in the Selva Lacandona, the short-run poverty effects of changes in the price of a non-timber forest product (NTFP) are evaluated. Our findings highlight the importance of income from natural resource extraction in alleviating poverty and income inequality in rural México. The loss of income from resource extraction would significantly affect both poverty and inequality nationally as well as in the resource-rich South-Southeast region and in the Lacandona Rainforest community. This research takes a first step towards assessing non-timber forest products extraction as a poverty alleviation tool. Results from the simulation of NTFP price increases in Frontera Corozal show that poverty can be reduced, at least in the short-run, via this price mechanism.
Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae. II. Neutrino Signals from Pulsations and their Detection by Terrestrial Neutrino Detectors
Creators: name: Leung, Shing-Chi
name: Blinnikov, Sergei
name: Ishidoshiro, Koji
name: Kozlov, Alexandre
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Pulsational Pair-instability supernova (PPISN) evolves from a massive star with a mass $\sim 80$ -- 140 $M_{\odot}$ which develops the electron-positron pair-instability after the hydrostatic He-burning in the core has finished. In [Leung et al., ApJ 887, 72 (2019)] (Paper I) we examined the evolutionary tracks and the pulsational mass loss history of this class of stars. In this paper, we analyze the thermodynamical history to explore the neutrino observables of PPISNe. We compute the neutrino light curves and spectra during pulsation. We study the detailed neutrino emission profiles of these stars. Then, we estimate the expected neutrino detection count for different terrestrial neutrino detectors including, e.g., KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande. Finally, we compare the neutrino pattern of PPISN with other types of supernovae based on a canonical 10 kt detector. The predicted neutrino signals can provide the early warning for the telescopes to trace for the early time optical signals. Implications of neutrino physics on the expected detection are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 27 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal at 22 September 2019, accepted at 14 December 2019, published at 28 January 2020
Small ball probability estimates in terms of width
Creators: name: Latała, Rafał
name: Oleszkiewicz, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G15, 60E15

description: A certain inequality conjectured by Vershynin is studied. It is proved that for any $n$-dimensional symmetric convex body $K$ with inradius $w$ and $γ_{n}(K) \leq 1/2$ there is $γ_{n}(sK) \leq (2s)^{w^{2}/4}γ_{n}(K)$ for any $s \in [0,1]$. Some natural corollaries are deduced. Another conjecture of Vershynin is proved to be false.
description: 10 pages
Green Revolution Counterfactuals
Creators: name: Evenson, Robert E.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Sulser, Timothy B.
name: Evenson, Robert E.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Sulser, Timothy B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In this paper, we conduct two "counterfactual" simulations for the 30-year period 1970-2000-the first holding 1970 crop genetic improvements (CGI) constant and the second presuming the International Agricultural Research Center (IARC) system had not been built. Both these counterfactuals apply to developing countries only. The core estimates on which the counterfactuals are based include country fixed effects , and the key estimates are for the Dietary Energy Sufficiency (DES) equation. DES affects birth rates, death rates, child mortality rates and malnutrition rates, making it possible to "endogenize" population growth in developing countries, in the counterfactuals. Reduced DES levels (from reduced CGI contributions) will lead to more births, more deaths and more child deaths and higher levels of malnutrition. The key technology variables that determine DES are the number of agricultural scientists per million hectares of cropland, the average years of schooling of adult males (over 25), and the level of Green Revolution Modern Varieties (GRMV) adoption. Our results show striking contrasts between the historical record and the alternative counterfactuals. The worst outcome is that without any Green Revolution Technologies or an IARC system to support it, which results in holding technological advancements constant at the 1970 level is a marginal improvement, leading to much higher prices over time, as agricultural production struggles to keep up with food demand in those countries. The endogenous feedback effects of population show the importance of nutrition and education, and argue strongly in favor of those factors playing a significant role in the improvement of human well-being that has been observed since the start of the Green Revolution to present.