High intensity high volume interval training improves endurance performance and induces a nearly complete slow-to-fast fiber transformation on the mRNA level
Creators: name: Eigendorf, Julian
name: May, Marcus
name: Friedrich, Jan
name: Engeli, Stefan
name: Maassen, Norbert
name: Gros, Gerolf
name: Meissner, Joachim D.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Energy metabolism
subject: Interval training
subject: Muscular aerobic capacity
subject: Myosin heavy chain
subject: Performance parameter
subject: Systemic aerobic capacity
subject: citrate synthase
subject: glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
subject: messenger RNA
subject: myosin heavy chain
subject: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha
subject: adult
subject: Article
subject: endurance
subject: energy metabolism
subject: gene expression
subject: hematocrit
subject: high intensity interval training
subject: human
subject: human experiment
subject: human tissue
subject: hypervolemia
subject: longitudinal study
subject: male
subject: muscle biopsy
subject: normal human
subject: performance
subject: quantitative analysis
subject: real time polymerase chain reaction
subject: vastus lateralis muscle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::790 | Freizeitgestaltung, Darstellende Kunst::796 | Sport

description: We present here a longitudinal study determining the effects of two 3 week-periods of high intensity high volume interval training (HIHVT) (90 intervals of 6 s cycling at 250% maximum power, Pmax/24 s) on a cycle ergometer. HIHVT was evaluated by comparing performance tests before and after the entire training (baseline, BSL, and endpoint, END) and between the two training sets (intermediate, INT). The mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and markers of energy metabolism were analyzed in M. vastus lateralis biopsies by quantitative real-time PCR. In incremental tests peak power (Ppeak) was increased, whereas V·O2 peak was unaltered. Prolonged time-to-exhaustion was found in endurance tests with 65 and 80% Pmax at INT and END. No changes in blood levels of lipid metabolites were detected. Training-induced decreases of hematocrit indicate hypervolemia. A shift from slow MHCI/β to fast MHCIIa mRNA expression occurred after the first and second training set. The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of oxidative energy metabolism, decreased after the second training set. In agreement, a significant decrease was also found for citrate synthase mRNA after the second training set, indicating reduced oxidative capacity. However, mRNA expression levels of glycolytic marker enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase did not change after the first and second training set. HIHVT induced a nearly complete slow-to-fast fiber type transformation on the mRNA level, which, however, cannot account for the improvements of performance parameters. The latter might be explained by the well-known effects of hypervolemia on exercise performance.