cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Absence of Ergodicity without Quenched Disorder: from Quantum Disentangled Liquids to Many-Body Localization
Creators: name: Smith, Adam
name: Knolle, Johannes
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Kovrizhin, Dmitry L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution after a quantum quench in a family of models whose degrees of freedom are fermions coupled to spins, where quenched disorder appears neither in the Hamiltonian parameters nor in the initial state. Focussing on the behaviour of entanglement, both spatial and between subsystems, we show that the model supports a state exhibiting combined area/volume law entanglement, being characteristic of the quantum disentangled liquid. This behaviour appears for one set of variables, which is related via a duality mapping to another set, where this structure is absent. Upon adding density interactions between the fermions, we identify an exact mapping to an XXZ spin-chain in a random binary magnetic field, thereby establishing the existence of many-body localization with its logarithmic entanglement growth in a fully disorder-free system.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The sharp square function estimate with matrix weight
Creators: name: Hytönen, Tuomas
name: Petermichl, Stefanie
name: Volberg, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the matrix $A_2$ conjecture for the dyadic square function, that is, a norm estimate of the matrix weighted square function, where the focus is on the sharp linear dependence on the matrix $A_2$ constant in the estimate. Moreover, we give a mixed estimate in terms of $A_2$ and $A_{\infty}$ constants. Key is a sparse domination of a process inspired by the integrated form of the matrix--weighted square function.
description: Published Version
Reincarnate 1st Newsletter
Creators: name: Reincarnate Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: building, construction, green, materials, building model, reuse, recycle

description: In Reincarnate, we are developing the technical and social means to give new opportunities to buildings, construction products and materials — maximising their life cycle and determining if they are suitable for reuse. This is what we call a Reincarnation Practice. Get ready to learn more about it through our newsletters!
Articulations of memory in Northern Cyprus:between Turkishness, Europeanness and Cypriotness
Creators: name: Erhürman, Heycan
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: This research explores how memory and national identity have been articulated in the context of competing discourses after the presentation of the Annan Plan in Northern Cyprus. Focussing on key mechanisms of memory such as history textbooks, commemorations (national days, museums, monuments), traditions (flags, national anthem and myths) and the media (especially newspapers) the thesis explores the mobilization, articulation and construction of memory/ies in relation to national identity. It is argued that the Annan Plan constitutes a turning point in Cypriot politics as it proposes a possible participation of Northern Cyprus in the European Union after a solution of the Cyprus problem. Furthermore, the Cyprus problem is understood as the outcome of the clash between two antagonistic nationalisms which has caused the division of the island since 1974. Thus, the Annan Plan is the most serious step on the way to the reunification of the island since then and, as such, it has functioned as a catalyst and precipitated an intense competition between alternative, often opposing, discourses on Turkish Cypriot national identity. The primary goal of this study is to open up the field of knowledge about the reconciliation of physically and/ or mentally divided communities through a critical analysis of the ‘mechanisms of memory’, of how they construct and articulate the ‘past’, in the present, for the future. The theoretical framework of the research draws upon approaches from a variety of fields such as social psychology, sociology, history, politics and media studies, while the empirical investigation consists of in depth interviews. The analysis of the respondents’ narratives is informed by textual analysis and in particular ‘Critical Discourse Analysis’ (i.e Wodak, Fairclough). Furthermore, the discourse theories of Foucault, Laclau and Mouffe are adopted in the examination of memories and their articulation, construction and transformation.
Production of $ρ^{0}$ meson with large $p_T$ at NLO in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Dai, Wei
name: Zhang, Ben-Wei
name: Wang, Enke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of large transverse momentum $ρ^{0}$ meson in high-energy nuclear collisions is investigated for the first time at the next-leading-order in the QCD improved parton model. The $ρ^0$ fragmentation functions (FFs) in vacuum at any scale $Q$ are obtained, by evolving a newly developed initial parametrization of $ρ^0$ FFs at a scale $\rm Q_{0}^2=1.5\ GeV^2$ from a broken SU(3) model through NLO DGLAP equations. The numerical simulations of $p_{\rm T}$ spectra of $ρ^{0}$ meson in the elementary $\rm p+p$ collisions at NLO give a decent description of STAR $\rm p+p$ data. In $\rm A+A$ reactions the jet quenching effect is taken into account with the higher-twist approach by the medium-modified parton FFs due to gluon radiation in the quark-gluon plasma, whose space-time evolution is described by a (3+1D) hydrodynamical model. The nuclear modification factors for $ρ^{0}$ meson and its double ratio with $π^\pm$ nuclear modification in central $\rm Au+Au$ collisions at the RHIC are calculated and found to be in good agreement with STAR measurement. Predictions of $ρ^{0}$ nuclear modification and the yield ratio $ρ^0/π^0$ in central Pb+Pb at the LHC are also presented. It is shown that the ratio $ρ^0/π^0$ in central Pb+Pb will approach to that in p+p reactions when $p_{\rm T}>12$~GeV.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Final version accepted for publication in PRC
title: Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research (CAR) position paper: An evidence-based approach for nationally consistent air quality reporting and public health advice
Creators: name: Johnston, FH
name: Porta Cubas, A
name: Zosky, GR
name: Morgan, G
name: Jalaudin, B
name: Heyworth, Jane
Publisher: name: Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research
Year: 2020

description: A proposed evidence-based approach for achieving nationally consistent air quality reporting and associated public health advice for Australians. The general public expects guidance from government agencies during periods of poor air quality but the current inconsistencies across jurisdictions on the air pollutants reported, the time periods reported on, the use of an Air Quality Index (AQI) or otherwise, the differing thresholds for air quality categorisations and health messaging associated with these categories generates confusion. This was clear in the evidence provided by various groups to the Bushfire Royal Commission. In the absence of consistent and easily understood information on current air quality conditions, the public is relying on easily accessible international apps and websites, many of which are not scientifically validated or transparent in the methods used to assign air quality, and often report air quality against international standards that are not relevant for the Australian public. Air quality can change rapidly because of temporal variations in wind and temperature and the source of the pollution itself (for example during bushfires). There is a clear need for a unified approach to air pollution reporting across Australian jurisdictions..
Between Ish and Shi
Creators: name: Duarte, Rui
name: de Oliveira, António Guedes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A19

description: We introduce a new family of hyperplane arrangements in dimension $n\geq3$ that includes both the Shi arrangement and the Ish arrangement. We prove that all the members of a given subfamily have the same number of regions - the connected components of the complement of the union of the hyperplanes - which can be bijectively labeled with the Pak-Stanley labeling. In addition, we show that, in the cases of the Shi and the Ish arrangements, the number of labels with reverse centers of a given length is equal, and conjecture that the same happens with all of the members of the family.
description: In this version we introduced improvements and corrections that have been kindly suggested by the reviewer of Discrete Mathematics, where the article has been accepted for publication
Fast and Accurate Sparse Coding of Visual Stimuli with a Simple, Ultra-Low-Energy Spiking Architecture
Creators: name: Woods, Walt
name: Teuscher, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Memristive crossbars have become a popular means for realizing unsupervised and supervised learning techniques. In previous neuromorphic architectures with leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, the crossbar itself has been separated from the neuron capacitors to preserve mathematical rigor. In this work, we sought to simplify the design, creating a fast circuit that consumed significantly lower power at a minimal cost of accuracy. We also showed that connecting the neurons directly to the crossbar resulted in a more efficient sparse coding architecture, and alleviated the need to pre-normalize receptive fields. This work provides derivations for the design of such a network, named the Simple Spiking Locally Competitive Algorithm, or SSLCA, as well as CMOS designs and results on the CIFAR and MNIST datasets. Compared to a non-spiking model which scored 33% on CIFAR-10 with a single-layer classifier, this hardware scored 32% accuracy. When used with a state-of-the-art deep learning classifier, the non-spiking model achieved 82% and our simplified, spiking model achieved 80%, while compressing the input data by 92%. Compared to a previously proposed spiking model, our proposed hardware consumed 99% less energy to do the same work at 21x the throughput. Accuracy held out with online learning to a write variance of 3%, suitable for the often-reported 4-bit resolution required for neuromorphic algorithms; with offline learning to a write variance of 27%; and with read variance to 40%. The proposed architecture's excellent accuracy, throughput, and significantly lower energy usage demonstrate the utility of our innovations.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, published in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Selected strong decays of $η(2225)$ and $ϕ(2170)$ as $Λ\barΛ$ bound states
Creators: name: Dong, Yubing
name: Faessler, Amand
name: Gutsche, Thomas
name: Lü, Qifang
name: Lyubovitskij, Valery E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong decays of the two resonances $η(2225)$ and $ϕ(2170)$ are discussed for selected decay channels. The two resonances are considered as the $Λ\barΛ$ bound states in the molecular scenario. The phenomenological hadronic molecular approach is employed for the calculation of respective decay modes using effective Lagrangians. Our results show that the decay modes $η(2225)\to K^*K$ and $ϕ(2175) \to KK$ dominate over the partial decay widths of $η(2275)\to VV (ϕϕ, ωω, K^*K^*)$ and $ϕ(2175)\to VS (ωσ, K^*K^*_0(800), ϕf_0(980))$ due to phase space and couplings.
description: 9 pages
Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron-proton reconnection
Creators: name: Werner, G. R.
name: Uzdensky, D. A.
name: Begelman, M. C.
name: Cerutti, B.
name: Nalewajko, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection in relativistic collisionless plasmas can accelerate particles and power high-energy emission in various astrophysical systems. Whereas most previous studies focused on relativistic reconnection in pair plasmas, less attention has been paid to electron-ion plasma reconnection, expected in black hole accretion flows and relativistic jets. We report a comprehensive particle-in-cell numerical investigation of reconnection in an electron-ion plasma, spanning a wide range of ambient ion magnetizations $σ_i$, from the semirelativistic regime (ultrarelativistic electrons but nonrelativistic ions, 0.001<>1). We investigate how the reconnection rate, electron and ion plasma flows, electric and magnetic field structures, electron/ion energy partitioning, and nonthermal particle acceleration depend on $σ_i$. Our key findings are: (1) the reconnection rate is about 0.1 of the Alfvenic rate across all regimes; (2) electrons can form concentrated moderately relativistic outflows even in the semirelativistic, small-$σ_i$ regime; (3) while the released magnetic energy is partitioned equally between electrons and ions in the ultrarelativistic limit, the electron energy fraction declines gradually with decreased $σ_i$ and asymptotes to about 0.25 in the semirelativistic regime; (4) reconnection leads to efficient nonthermal electron acceleration with a $σ_i$-dependent power-law index, $p(σ_i) \simeq $const$+0.7 {σ_i}^{-1/2}$. These findings are important for understanding black hole systems and lend support to semirelativistic reconnection models for powering nonthermal emission in blazar jets, offering a natural explanation for the spectral indices observed in these systems.
description: 30 pages, 26 figures
Electromyography in the evaluation of dorsalhyperkyphosis: a new diagnostic protocol
Creators: name: Bagalà, Alessia
name: Salvo, Giuseppina
name: Gambardella, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche
Year: 2022
Subjects: hyperkyphosis; electromyography; rehabilitation

description: Correction or improvement of hyperkyphosis can be achieved by developing the muscles involved in correcting the posture of the dorsal spine, as indicated by many authors. Several research studies have revealed that electromyography (EMG) techniques are effective in evaluating muscles and guiding their treatment. The dependability and utility of this technique have already been tested on a group of sixteen patients. After the physiatrist evaluation and a radiographic examination, the angle of the D1-D12 curve has been calculated, it is considered hyperkyphotic if the degrees are ≥ 45°. Cases with hyperkyphosis have been subjected to EMG investigation: assessing resting activity, moderate activity and maximal activity of some of the muscles involved in this pathology (supraspinatus, subspinatus, trapezius). The results have been used to plan the most effective treatment for hyperkyphosis correction. As the protocol used is proven to be effective, it will be used to target the rehabilitation program to a large number of patients.
description: Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche, V. 110, N. 2 (2022)
Entanglement at a Scale and Renormalization Monotones
Creators: name: Lashkari, Nima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the information content of the reduced density matrix of a region in quantum field theory that cannot be recovered from its subregion density matrices. We reconstruct the density matrix from its subregions using two approaches: scaling maps and recovery maps. The vacuum of a scale-invariant field theory is the fixed point of both transformations. We define the entanglement of scaling and the entanglement of recovery as measures of entanglement that are intrinsic to the continuum limit. Both measures increase monotonically under the renormalization group flow. This provides a unifying information-theoretic structure underlying the different approaches to the renormalization monotones in various dimensions. Our analysis applies to non-relativistic quantum field theories as well the relativistic ones, however, in relativistic case, the entanglement of scaling can diverge.
Distributed Representations of Signed Networks
Creators: name: Islam, Mohammad Raihanul
name: Prakash, B. Aditya
name: Ramakrishnan, Naren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent successes in word embedding and document embedding have motivated researchers to explore similar representations for networks and to use such representations for tasks such as edge prediction, node label prediction, and community detection. Such network embedding methods are largely focused on finding distributed representations for unsigned networks and are unable to discover embeddings that respect polarities inherent in edges. We propose SIGNet, a fast scalable embedding method suitable for signed networks. Our proposed objective function aims to carefully model the social structure implicit in signed networks by reinforcing the principles of social balance theory. Our method builds upon the traditional word2vec family of embedding approaches and adds a new targeted node sampling strategy to maintain structural balance in higher-order neighborhoods. We demonstrate the superiority of SIGNet over state-of-the-art methods proposed for both signed and unsigned networks on several real world datasets from different domains. In particular, SIGNet offers an approach to generate a richer vocabulary of features of signed networks to support representation and reasoning.
description: Published in PAKDD 2018
Monitoring cadmium concentrations in cacao: inter-laboratory variation and the effect of sample size on variability among ready-for-sale beans
Creators: name: Dekeyrel, Jesse
name: Wantiez, Léna
name: Chavez, Eduardo
name: De Ketelaere, Bart
name: Smolders, Erik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Since the implementation of new EU limits on cadmium (Cd) in cacao-derived products, reliable measurements of the Cd concentration in cacao samples have become even more important. This study was set up to analyse the robustness of the measured Cd concentrations in cacao as affected by sampling strategy and by the laboratory receiving these samples. Six different homogenised cacao liquor samples were sent to 25 laboratories, mainly located in Latin America. On average, only 76% of the laboratories reported acceptable results per sample using internationally accepted criteria. More unreliable data was obtained when Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) rather than Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instruments were used or where concentrations were outside the calibration range. Subsequently, four commercial lots in Ecuadorian warehouses were sampled to identify the variation among beans, bags and replicate chemical analyses of ground samples. Simulations indicate that a composite sample should be made from at least 10 bags on a pallet and at least 60 beans should be ground prior to analysis to obtain an acceptable CV below 15%. This study shows that current Cd analyses in cacao on the market are neither sufficiently accurate nor precise and that more control on laboratory certifications is needed for reliable screening of Cd in cacao.
Linearizing the Word Problem in (some) Free Fields
Creators: name: Schrempf, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16K40, 03B25 (Primary), 16S10, 15A22 (Secondary)

description: We describe a solution of the word problem in free fields (coming from non-commutative polynomials over a commutative field) using elementary linear algebra, provided that the elements are given by minimal linear representations. It relies on the normal form of Cohn and Reutenauer and can be used more generally to (positively) test rational identities. Moreover we provide a construction of minimal linear representations for the inverse of non-zero elements.
description: 22 pages, slightly updated, accepted in IJAC
An updated Type II supernova Hubble diagram
Creators: name: Gall, E. E. E.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Leibundgut, B.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
name: Kromer, M.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K.
name: Flewelling, H.
name: Huber, M. E.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Kudritzki, R. P.
name: Magnier, E. A.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Smith, K.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photometry and spectroscopy of nine Type II-P/L supernovae (SNe) with redshifts in the 0.045 < z < 0.335 range, with a view to re-examining their utility as distance indicators. Specifically, we apply the expanding photosphere method (EPM) and the standardized candle method (SCM) to each target, and find that both methods yield distances that are in reasonable agreement with each other. The current record-holder for the highest-redshift spectroscopically confirmed SN II-P is PS1-13bni (z = 0.335 +0.009 -0.012), and illustrates the promise of Type II SNe as cosmological tools. We updated existing EPM and SCM Hubble diagrams by adding our sample to those previously published. Within the context of Type II SN distance measuring techniques, we investigated two related questions. First, we explored the possibility of utilising spectral lines other than the traditionally used Fe II 5169 to infer the photospheric velocity of SN ejecta. Using local well-observed objects, we derive an epoch-dependent relation between the strong Balmer line and Fe II 5169 velocities that is applicable 30 to 40 days post-explosion. Motivated in part by the continuum of key observables such as rise time and decline rates exhibited from II-P to II-L SNe, we assessed the possibility of using Hubble-flow Type II-L SNe as distance indicators. These yield similar distances as the Type II-P SNe. Although these initial results are encouraging, a significantly larger sample of SNe II-L would be required to draw definitive conclusions.
description: 36 pages, 24 figures, Accepted by A&A
Amplitudes, recursion relations and unitarity in the Abelian Higgs Model
Creators: name: Kleiss, Ronald
name: Luna, Oscar Boher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Abelian Higgs model forms an essential part of the electroweak standard model: it is the sector containing only Z and Higgs bosons. We present a diagram-based proof of the tree-level unitarity of this model inside the unitary gauge, where only physical degrees of freedom occur. We derive combinatorial recursion relations for off-shell amplitudes in the massless approximation, which allows us to prove the cancellation of the first two orders in energy of unitarity-violating high-energy behaviour for any tree-level amplitude in this model. We describe a deformation of the amplitudes by extending the physical phase space to at least 7 spacetime dimensions, which leads to on-shell recursion relations a la BCFW. These lead to a simple proof that all on-shell tree amplitudes obey partial-wave unitarity.
description: 15 pages
Assessment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in commercially available drinking straws using targeted and suspect screening approaches
Creators: name: Boisacq, Pauline
name: De Keuster, Maarten
name: Prinsen, Els
name: Jeong, Yunsun
name: Bervoets, Lieven
name: Eens, Marcel
name: Covaci, Adrian
name: Willems, Tim
name: Groffen, Thimo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Many food contact materials (FCMs) and reusable plastics in the food industry contain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of synthetic pollutants that are known to be potentially harmful for wildlife, humans, and the environment. PFAS may migrate from FCMs to food consumed by humans. As a replacement for plastics, often paper and other plant-based materials are used in commercial settings. This also applies to drinking straws, where plant-based and other presumably eco-friendly straws are increasingly used to reduce plastic pollution. In order to make these materials water-repellent, PFAS are added during manufacturing but can also already be present early in the supply chain due to the use of contaminated raw materials. In the present study, we examined the PFAS concentrations in 39 different brands of straws, made from five materials (i.e. paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel, and plastic) commercially available on the Belgian market. We combined both targeted and suspect-screening approaches to evaluate a wide range of PFAS. PFAS were found to be present in almost all types of straws, except for those made of stainless steel. PFAS were more frequently detected in plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo. We did not observe many differences between the types of materials, or the continents of origin. The presence of PFAS in plant-based straws shows that they are not necessarily biodegradable and that the use of such straws potentially contributes to human and environmental exposure of PFAS.
Rank 1 character varieties of finitely presented groups
Creators: name: Ashley, Caleb
name: Burelle, Jean-Philippe
name: Lawton, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let X(F,G) be the G-character variety of F where G is a rank 1 complex affine algebraic group and F is a finitely presentable discrete group. We describe an algorithm, which we implement in Mathematica, SageMath, and in Python, that takes a finite presentation for F and produces a finite presentation of the coordinate ring of X(F,G). We also provide a new description of the defining relations and local parameters of the coordinate ring when F is free. Although the theorems used to create the algorithm are not new, we hope that as a well-referenced exposition with a companion computer program it will be useful for computation and experimentation with these moduli spaces.
description: 30 pages, Mathematica program at http://math.gmu.edu/~slawton3/trace-identities.nb, SageMath program at http://math.gmu.edu/~slawton3/Main.sagews, Python program at http://math.gmu.edu/~slawton3/charvars.py, accepted for publication at Geometriae Dedicata
Center-Excised X-ray Luminosity as an Efficient Mass Proxy for Future Galaxy Cluster Surveys
Creators: name: Mantz, Adam B.
name: Allen, Steven W.
name: Morris, R. Glenn
name: von der Linden, Anja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological constraining power of modern galaxy cluster catalogs can be improved by obtaining low-scatter mass proxy measurements for even a small fraction of sources. In the context of large upcoming surveys that will reveal the cluster population down to the group scale and out to high redshifts, efficient strategies for obtaining such mass proxies will be valuable. In this work, we use high-quality weak lensing and X-ray mass estimates for massive clusters in current X-ray selected catalogs to revisit the scaling relations of the projected, center-excised X-ray luminosity ($L_{ce}$), which previous work suggests correlates tightly with total mass. Our data confirm that this is the case, with $L_{ce}$ having an intrinsic scatter at fixed mass comparable to that of gas mass, temperature or $Y_X$. Compared to these other proxies, however, $L_{ce}$ is less susceptible to systematic uncertainties due to background modeling, and can be measured precisely with shorter exposures. This opens up the possibility of using $L_{ce}$ to estimate masses for large numbers of clusters discovered by new X-ray surveys (e.g. eROSITA) directly from the survey data, as well as for clusters discovered at other wavelengths, with relatively short follow-up observations. We describe a simple procedure for making such estimates from X-ray surface brightness data, and comment on the spatial resolution required to apply this method as a function of cluster mass and redshift. We also explore the potential impact of Chandra and XMM-Newton follow-up observations over the next decade on dark energy constraints from new cluster surveys.
description: 9 pages. Accepted version
On Diamond's $L^1$ criterion for asymptotic density of Beurling generalized integers
Creators: name: Debruyne, Gregory
name: Vindas, Jasson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11N80, Secondary 11M41, 11M45, 11N37

description: We give a short proof of the $L^{1}$ criterion for Beurling generalized integers to have a positive asymptotic density. We actually prove the existence of density under a weaker hypothesis. We also discuss related sufficient conditions for the estimate $m(x)=\sum_{n_{k}\leq x} μ(n_k)/n_k=o(1)$, with $μ$ the Beurling analog of the Moebius function.
description: 13 pages
Stable existence of incompressible 3-manifolds in 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Khan, Qayum
name: Smith, Gerrit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an injective amalgam at the level of fundamental groups and a specific 3-manifold, is there a corresponding geometric-topological decomposition of a given 4-manifold, in a stable sense? We find an algebraic-topological splitting criterion in terms of the orientation classes and universal covers. Also, we equivariantly generalize the Lickorish--Wallace theorem to regular covers.
description: 13 pages; Version 3: revised introduction and added references; accepted by Topology and its Applications
Spin-Momentum Locking in the Near Field of Metal Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Triolo, Claudia
name: Cacciola, Adriano
name: Patanè, Salvatore
name: Saija, Rosalba
name: Savasta, Salvatore
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light carries both spin and momentum. Spin-orbit interactions of light come into play at the subwavelength scale of nano-optics and nano-photonics, where they determine the behaviour of light. These phenomena, in which the spin affects and controls the spatial degrees of freedom of light, are attracting rapidly growing interest. Here we present results on the spin-momentum locking in the near field of metal nanostructures supporting localized surface resonances. These systems can confine light to very small dimensions below the diffraction limit, leading to a striking near-field enhancement. In contrast to the propagating evanescent waves of surface plasmon-polariton modes, the electromagnetic near-field of localized surface resonances does not exhibit a definite position-independent momentum or polarization. Our results can be useful to investigate the spin-orbit interactions of light for complex evanescent fields. Note that the spin of the incident light can control the rotation direction of the canonical momentum.
description: 23 pages and 7 figures, ACS Photonics - open access
Charming new physics in rare B-decays and mixing?
Creators: name: Jäger, Sebastian
name: Kirk, Matthew
name: Lenz, Alexander
name: Leslie, Kirsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a systematic study of the impact of new physics in quark-level $b \to c \bar{c} s$ transitions on $B$-physics, in particular rare $B$-decays and $B$-meson lifetime observables. We find viable scenarios where a sizable effect in rare semileptonic $B$-decays can be generated, compatible with experimental indications and with a possible dependence on the dilepton invariant mass, while being consistent with constraints from radiative $B$-decay and the measured $B_s$ width difference. We show how, if the effect is generated at the weak scale or beyond, strong renormalisation-group effects can enhance the impact on semileptonic decays while leaving radiative $B$-decay largely unaffected. A good complementarity of the different $B$-physics observables implies that precise measurements of lifetime observables at LHCb may be able to confirm, refine, or rule out this scenario.
description: 7 pagers, 5 figures (v2: journal version)
Focus Report On Solution Journalism
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulia
name: Boscolo, Marco
name: Tola, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ENJOI
constructive journalism
solution journalism
stories
engagement
innovation

description: * New version available * This report is part of the broader effort of exploring the current landscape of science media through the prism of engagement (ENJOI D7.1), data (ENJOI D7.2), and innovation (ENJOI D7.3).
description: ENJOI WP7. Exploring the existing landscape of innovation and openness in science journalism and communication
Focus Report On Solution Journalism
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulia
name: Boscolo, Marco
name: Tola, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ENJOI
constructive journalism
solution journalism
stories
engagement
innovation

description: This report is part of the broader effort of exploring the current landscape of science media through the prism of engagement (ENJOI D7.1), data (ENJOI D7.2), and innovation (ENJOI D7.3).
description: ENJOI WP7. Exploring the existing landscape of innovation and openness in science journalism and communication
Classifying and Localizing Neurons from High Density Electrode Array Recordings
Creators: name: delgado ruz, isabel
name: chadderton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Journal of Neuroscience Methods paper. We present heuristics an algorithms to localize in 3D and classify based on morphology and electrophysiological parameters neurons recorded in vivo from deep Primary
Supplemental Digital Content 1. Baseline demographic characteristics for participants in the MSNA cohort.
Creators: name: Robinson, Austin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exercise physiology

description: Supplemental Digital Content 1. Baseline demographic characteristics for participants in the MSNA cohort. Abbreviations include: BP, blood pressure; HG, handgrip. Female vs. male differences were compared using Independent Samples Student’s t-test (age, mass, body mass index, body surface area, systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, maximal voluntary contraction, average 40% HG force, and rate of perceived exertion) or Mann-Whitney U-tests (height, height2). Data presented as mean ± SD. Significant sex differences (p≤0.05) indicated by *.
The effect of acute alcohol exposure on hepatic oxidative stress and function: prevention by micronutrients
Creators: name: Everitt, Hannah
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: Alcohol binge drinking, especially in teenagers and young adults is a major public health issue in the UK, with the number of alcohol related liver disorders steadily increasing. Understanding the mechanisms behind liver disease arising from binge-drinking and finding ways to prevent such damage are currently important areas of research. In the present investigation the effect of acute ethanol administration on hepatic oxidative damage and apoptosis was examined using both an in vivo and in vitro approach; the effect of micronutrient supplementation prior and during ethanol exposure was also studied. The following studies were performed: (1) ethanol administration (75 mmol/kg body weight) and cyanamide pre-treatment followed by ethanol to study elevated acetaldehyde levels with liver tissue analysed 2.5, 6 and 24 hours post-alcohol; (2). Using juvenile animals, 2% betaine supplementation followed by acute ethanol with tissue analysed 24 hrs post ethanol; and (3). Micronutrient supplementation during concomitant ethanol exposure to hepG2 cells. It was found that a single dose of alcohol caused oxidative damage to the liver of rats at 2.5 hr post-alcohol as evidenced by decreased glutathione levels and increased malondialdehyde levels in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Liver function was also depressed but there were no findings of apoptosis as cytochrome c levels and caspase 3 activity was unchanged. At 6 hours, the effect of ethanol was reduced suggesting some degree of recovery, however, by 24 hours, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress was apparent. The effect of elevated acetaldehyde on hepatic damage was particularly evident at 24 hours, with some oxidative changes at earlier time points. At 24 hours, acetaldehyde caused a profound drop in glutathione levels in the cytosol and hepatic function was still deteriorating. Studies examining ethanol exposure to juvenile livers showed that glutathione levels were increased, suggesting an overtly protective response not seen in with older animals. It also showed that despite cytochrome c release into the cytosol, caspase-3 levels were not increased. This suggests that ATP depletion is preventing apoptosis initiation. Betaine supplementation prevented almost all of the alcohol-mediated changes, suggesting that the main mechanism behind alcohol-mediated liver damage is oxidative stress. Results using the hepG2 cell line model showed that micronutrients involved in glutathione synthesis can protect against hepatocyte damage caused by alcohol metabolism, with reduced reactive oxygen species and increased/maintained glutathione levels. In summary, these results demonstrate that both acute alcohol and acetaldehyde can have damaging effects to the liver, but that dietary intervention may be able to protect against ethanol induced oxidative stress.
Exploring the Quark Flavour Puzzle within the 3 Higgs Model
Creators: name: Agostinho, Nuno Rosa
name: Emmanuel-Costa, David
name: Silva-Marcos, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the standard model with two extra Higgs doublets. Making use of a symmetry principle, we present flavour symmetries based on cycle groups $Z_N$ that oblige each Higgs doublet to contribute to the mass of only one generation, thus accommodating the quark mass hierarchy. We systematically search for all charge configurations that naturally lead to the alignment in flavour space of the quark sectors, resulting in a CKM matrix near to the identity, determined by the quark mass hierarchy, and with the correct overall phenomenological features. The minimal realisation is by the group $Z_7$. We show that only a limited number of solutions exist, and that any accidental global symmetry that may occur together with the discrete symmetry is necessarily anomalous. A phenomenological study of each class of solutions concerning predictions to the flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) phenomena is also performed: for some solutions, it is possible to obtain realistic quark masses and mixing, while the flavour violating neutral Higgs are sufficient lighter to be accessible at LHC.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures References added, Figures updated. Matches version published in Phys.Rev.D
Mixture Hidden Markov Models for Sequence Data: The seqHMM Package in R
Creators: name: Helske, Satu
name: Helske, Jouni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequence analysis is being more and more widely used for the analysis of social sequences and other multivariate categorical time series data. However, it is often complex to describe, visualize, and compare large sequence data, especially when there are multiple parallel sequences per subject. Hidden (latent) Markov models (HMMs) are able to detect underlying latent structures and they can be used in various longitudinal settings: to account for measurement error, to detect unobservable states, or to compress information across several types of observations. Extending to mixture hidden Markov models (MHMMs) allows clustering data into homogeneous subsets, with or without external covariates. The seqHMM package in R is designed for the efficient modeling of sequences and other categorical time series data containing one or multiple subjects with one or multiple interdependent sequences using HMMs and MHMMs. Also other restricted variants of the MHMM can be fitted, e.g., latent class models, Markov models, mixture Markov models, or even ordinary multinomial regression models with suitable parameterization of the HMM. Good graphical presentations of data and models are useful during the whole analysis process from the first glimpse at the data to model fitting and presentation of results. The package provides easy options for plotting parallel sequence data, and proposes visualizing HMMs as directed graphs.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures
Approximating Nonnegative Polynomials via Spectral Sparsification
Creators: name: Ergür, Alperen A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study polyhedral approximations to the cone of nonnegative polynomials. We show that any constant ratio polyhedral approximation to the cone of nonnegative degree $2d$ forms in $n$ variables has to have exponentially many facets in terms of $n$. We also showthat for fixed $m \geq 3$, all linear $m$ dimensional sections of the nonnegative cone that include $(x_1^2+x_2^2+\ldots + x_n^2)^d$ has a costant ratio polyhedral approximation with $O(n^{m-2})$ many facets. Our approach is convex geometric, and parts of the argument rely on the recent solution of Kadison-Singer problem. We also discuss a randomized polyhedral approximation which might be of independent interest.
description: Revision incorporating referee comments and new random approximation results
Strongly quasinonexpansive mappings, II
Creators: name: Aoyama, Koji
name: Zembayashi, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H09, 47H10, 41A65

description: This paper is devoted to the study of strongly quasinonexpansive mappings in an abstract space and a Banach space.
description: 9 pages
Addressing Heteronormativity: The Not-So-Lost Requirement of Discretion in (Austrian) Asylum Law
Creators: name: Sussner, Petra
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 340 Recht

description: In refugee matters concerning sexual orientation, ‘discretion’ reasoning is as commonplace as it is unlawful. In its 2013 ruling in X, Y, and Z, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) declared that it was unreasonable to expect that asylum seekers should conceal their sexual orientation by being ‘discreet’ in order to avoid persecution, and that such a requirement in domestic refugee status determination procedures would be incompatible with European Union (EU) law. However, this did not put an end to the matter. Discretion reasoning still forms part of the process to determine refugee status in many EU countries. This article examines the persistence of discretion reasoning, using Austria as an example. It argues that, whilst the CJEU definitively banned such reasoning, the court failed to give any indication as to how decision makers should proceed from this point. X, Y, and Z has thus created a legal vacuum, and there is a risk that normative sociocultural concepts like heteronormativity will be applied in such cases. Indeed, despite the CJEU ruling, it is still common in many societies to expect that LGBTIQ people be discreet. As such, decision makers may find themselves imposing a discretion requirement, even if unconsciously. The main aim of the article is to assess the resulting persistence of discretion reasoning through the lens of heteronormativity, and to provide practical suggestions for assessing refugee status in a way that ensures discretion is no longer required.
In situ upgrade of quantum simulators to universal computers
Creators: name: Dive, Benjamin
name: Pitchford, Alexander
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Burgarth, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulators, machines that can replicate the dynamics of quantum systems, are being built as useful devices and are seen as a stepping stone to universal quantum computers. A key difference between the two is that computers have the ability to perform the logic gates that make up algorithms. We propose a method for learning how to construct these gates efficiently by using the simulator to perform optimal control on itself. This bypasses two major problems of purely classical approaches to the control problem: the need to have an accurate model of the system, and a classical computer more powerful than the quantum one to carry out the required simulations. Strong evidence that the scheme scales polynomially in the number of qubits, for systems of up to 9 qubits with Ising interactions, is presented from numerical simulations carried out in different topologies. This suggests that this in situ approach is a practical way of upgrading quantum simulators to computers.
Who benefits from an adult worker model? Gender inequality in couples’ daily time use in Germany across time and social classes
Creators: name: Deuflhard, Carolin
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: This article investigates how mothers’ and fathers’ daily time use changed across social classes from 1990 to 2013 in Germany. In the 2000s, Germany’s adherence to the male breadwinner model was eroded by labor and family policy reforms typical of the adult worker model, which assumes individual self-sufficiency. The implications for gender and class inequality have been heatedly discussed. Drawing on the German Time Use Survey, I find that gender equality in the division of labor is greatest among full-time dual-earner couples with standard schedules. The prevalence of this pattern increased among the middle- and upper-class in historically conservative western Germany, but declined across classes in formerly socialist eastern Germany. In parallel, nonstandard work patterns and dual-joblessness gained in importance among lower-class couples, particularly in eastern Germany. I conclude that the adult worker model benefited mothers with access to standard full-time jobs but at the cost of greater class polarization.