cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using a Policy Index To Capture Trends and Differences in State Administration of USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Creators: name: Stacy, Brian
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Marquardt, David
name: Stacy, Brian
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Marquardt, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: SNAP
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: State Policy
subject: Index
subject: SNAP Participation

description: From the early 1970s until the mid-1990s, administration of USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—formerly the Food Stamp Program—was largely uniform across States. However, enactment of welfare reform in 1996 and subsequent legislative and regulatory changes gave States increased administrative discretion. As a result, States adopted policies that affect eligibility, the time and money (transaction costs) associated with enrolling and maintaining benefits, the stigma attached to participation, and outreach to raise awareness of SNAP. Using data from the SNAP Policy Database, a data source of USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS), this study creates a SNAP Policy Index that captures differences in State-level SNAP policies from 1996 to 2014. Findings indicate a general trend toward more accommodative State-level SNAP policies. The largest shifts toward accommodative policies occurred in policies related to transaction costs and eligibility, followed by policies related to stigma. Differences are seen particularly in 1996-2002, as some States acted faster than others in adopting more accommodative policies. The divergence lessened somewhat between 2002 and 2014, as additional States adopted more accommodative rules, though there was still greater variation in State SNAP policies in 2014 than in 1996.
Asymptotic properties of some minor-closed classes of graphs
Creators: name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
name: Weller, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let A be a minor-closed class of labelled graphs, and let G_n be a random graph sampled uniformly from the set of n-vertex graphs of A. When n is large, what is the probability that G_n is connected? How many components does it have? How large is its biggest component? Thanks to the work of McDiarmid and his collaborators, these questions are now solved when all excluded minors are 2-connected. Using exact enumeration, we study a collection of classes A excluding non-2-connected minors, and show that their asymptotic behaviour may be rather different from the 2-connected case. This behaviour largely depends on the nature of dominant singularity of the generating function C(z) that counts connected graphs of A. We classify our examples accordingly, thus taking a first step towards a classification of minor-closed classes of graphs. Furthermore, we investigate a parameter that has not received any attention in this context yet: the size of the root component. It follows non-gaussian limit laws (beta and gamma), and clearly deserves a systematic investigation.
description: 37 pages
Optimal Time Trajectory and Coordination for Connected and Automated Vehicles
Creators: name: Malikopoulos, Andreas A.
name: Beaver, Logan E.
name: Chremos, Ioannis Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we provide a decentralized theoretical framework for coordination of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at different traffic scenarios. The framework includes: (1) an upper-level optimization that yields for each CAV its optimal time trajectory and lane to pass through a given traffic scenario while alleviating congestion; and (2) a low-level optimization that yields for each CAV its optimal control input (acceleration/deceleration). We provide a complete, analytical solution of the low-level optimization problem that includes the rear-end, speed-dependent safety constraint. Furthermore, we provide a problem formulation for the upper-level optimization in which there is no duality gap. The latter implies that the optimal time trajectory for each CAV does not activate any of the state, control, and safety constraints of the low-level optimization, thus allowing for online implementation. Finally, we present a geometric duality framework with hyperplanes to derive the condition under which the optimal solution of the upper-level optimization always exists. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical framework through simulation.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
SYSMODIS: A Systematic Model Discovery Approach
Creators: name: Korkmaz, Omer
name: Yilmaz, Cemal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Automated model discovery; systematic sampling; covering arrays; combinatorial testing

description: In this paper, we present an automated model discovery approach, called SYSMODIS, which uses covering arrays to systematically sample the input spaces. SYSMODIS discovers finite state machine-based models, where states represent distinct screens and the edges between the states represent the transitions between the screens. SYSMODIS also discovers the likely guard conditions for the transitions, i.e., the conditions that must be satisfied before the transitions can be taken. For the first time a previously unseen screen is visited, a covering array-based test suite for the input fields present on the screen as well as the actions that can be taken on the screen, is created. SYSMODIS keeps on crawling until all the test suites for all the screens have been exhaustively tested. Once the crawling is over, the results of the test suites are fed to a machine learning algorithm on a per screen basis to determine the likely guard conditions. In the experiments we carried out to evaluate the proposed approach, we observed that SYSMODIS profoundly improved the state/screen coverage, transition coverage, and/or the accuracy of the predicted guard conditions, compared to the existing approaches studied in the paper.
Federal Natural Disaster Assistance Programs for Livestock Producers, 2008-16
Creators: name: MacLachlan, Matthew
name: Ramos, Sean
name: Hungerford, Ashley
name: Edwards, Seanicaa
name: MacLachlan, Matthew
name: Ramos, Sean
name: Hungerford, Ashley
name: Edwards, Seanicaa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: livestock
subject: honey bees
subject: farm-raised fish
subject: indemnity
subject: natural disaster
subject: emergency
subject: assistance
subject: disaster assistance

description: Natural disasters can cause income losses for livestock producers by diminishing grazing capacity of land, driving disease, or directly causing livestock losses. Under the Agricultural Act of 2014, three disaster assistance programs for livestock administered by the Farm Service Agency became permanent, and their eligibility requirements were generally relaxed. These disaster programs include the Livestock Forage Disaster Program, the Livestock Indemnity Program, and the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program. Existing legislation—the Animal Health Protection Act—also authorized indemnity payment programs during the control of infectious disease outbreaks. This report examines how these programs work and which States and counties have farms that have received program payments. The report describes regional differences in payment delivery and shows how outlays vary greatly by year and program. Regional differences in production and natural disasters has led to differences in program payments across States and counties.
Chandra Observations of Point Sources in Abell 2255
Creators: name: Davis, D. S.
name: Miller, N. A.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our search for ``hidden'' AGN we present results from a Chandra observation of the nearby cluster Abell 2255. Eight cluster galaxies are associated with point-like X-ray emission, and we classify these galaxies based on their X-ray, radio, and optical properties. At least three are associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) with no optical signatures of nuclear activity, with a further two being potential AGN. Of the potential AGN, one corresponds to a galaxy with a post-starburst optical spectrum. The remaining three X-ray detected cluster galaxies consist of two starbursts and an elliptical with luminous hot gas. Of the eight cluster galaxies five are associated with luminous (massive) galaxies and the remaining three lie in much lower luminosity systems. We note that the use of X-ray to optical flux ratios for classification of X-ray sources is often misleading, and strengthen the claim that the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting an AGN based on optical data is signficantly lower than the fraction based on X-ray and radio data.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, ApJ, accepted
USDA’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey: Methodology for Imputing Missing Quantities To Calculate Healthy Eating Index-2010 Scores and Sort Foods Into ERS Food Groups
Creators: name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Todd, Jessica E.
name: Scharadin, Benjamin
name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Todd, Jessica E.
name: Scharadin, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: FoodAPS,
subject: missing quantities
subject: Healthy Eating Index
subject: ERS food groups

description: We use data from the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture’s 2012-13 National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) to develop a methodology for imputing missing quantities for item-level data. To check the quality of these imputations, we compare the overall nutritional quality of 7 days of household-level acquisitions reported in the FoodAPS survey to 2 days of individual-level dietary intakes as reported in the 2011-12 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The comparison shows that while there are some slight differences in the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) component densities, both surveys show that Americans acquire too few fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and obtain too much salt and too many refined grains and empty calories. We also describe the method used to classify food items into the ERS food groups developed for FoodAPS.
Deliverable 4.4 EURAKNOS visuals and specifications
Creators: name: Van Der Cruyssen, Laurens
name: Put, Kathelijne
name: Verbist, Philip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: reports
software
UI/UX
knowledge reservoirs

description: EURAKNOS visuals and specifications to define the future vision for the e-KRP
Feinberg School Celebrates 150 Years: the New Chicago Campus, 1926-1955
Creators: name: Sims, Ronald H
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Northwestern University Medical School
subject: Schools, Medical
subject: History of Medicine
subject: History, 20th Century
subject: Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Medical School
subject: Chicago (Ill.)
subject: Schools, Medical/history

description: This article is part of an occasional series prepared by Galter librarians on the history of and highlights about various Northwestern University health education programs and their alumni. Other articles are about Northwestern University's woman's medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy schools. (This was the third installment in a multi-part series on the history of Northwestern University's medical school and was featured in Library Notes #57, October 2009).
Spanning forests in regular planar maps
Creators: name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
name: Courtiel, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We address the enumeration of p-valent planar maps equipped with a spanning forest, with a weight z per face and a weight u per connected component of the forest. Equivalently, we count p-valent maps equipped with a spanning tree, with a weight z per face and a weight μ:=u+1 per internally active edge, in the sense of Tutte; or the (dual) p-angulations equipped with a recurrent sandpile configuration, with a weight z per vertex and a variable μ:=u+1 that keeps track of the level of the configuration. This enumeration problem also corresponds to the limit q -> 0 of the q-state Potts model on p-angulations. Our approach is purely combinatorial. The associated generating function, denoted F(z,u), is expressed in terms of a pair of series defined implicitly by a system involving doubly hypergeometric series. We derive from this system that F(z,u) is differentially algebraic in z, that is, satisfies a differential equation in z with polynomial coefficients in z and u. This has recently been proved to hold for the more general Potts model on 3-valent maps, but via a much more involved and less combinatorial proof. For u >= -1, we study the singularities of F(z,u) and the corresponding asymptotic behaviour of its n-th coefficient. For u>0, we find the standard asymptotic behaviour of planar maps, with a subexponential term in n^{-5/2}. At u=0 we witness a phase transition with a term n^{-3}. When u\in[-1,0), we obtain an extremely unusual behaviour in n^{-3}(\ln n)^{-2}. To our knowledge, this is a new "universality class" for planar maps.
description: 41 pp
Driving Behavior Analysis and Prediction for Safe Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Nasr Azadani, Mozhgan
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Automated Vehicles
Trajectory Prediction
Motion Forecasting
Driver Profiling

description: Driving Behavior Analysis (DBA) plays a pivotal role in designing intelligent transportation systems, enhancing road safety, and advancing Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). Driver identification, as a key aspect of DBA, has the potential to provide unprecedented opportunities for enhanced security and driver profiling. However, the current solutions for driver identification suffer from demanding extensive data collection, limited scalability, and inadequate generalization. Furthermore, DBA is also essential for training AVs, addressing the main challenges they face: accurately perceiving their surroundings to make informed decisions and to navigate safely, and effectively handling unforeseen scenarios. In the first part of this thesis, we concentrate on behavior analysis for driver identification and verification and design two novel schemes aiming to reduce data dependency and enhance the generalization ability of existing approaches. First, we propose a novel driver identification model, called DriverRep, which reduces data dependency by presenting a fully unsupervised triplet loss training. DriverRep is the first model that extracts the latent representations associated with each driver, called driver embeddings, in an unsupervised manner. In addition, we develop a novel model to tackle driver verification and impostor detection tasks based on DBA and extracted driver embeddings. In the second part, we focus on behavior prediction for AVs and their surrounding agents. First, we tackle behavior prediction in dynamic and complex scenarios by introducing three novel prediction models for forecasting drivers intentions and behaviors at unsignalized intersections. We then address social reasoning by proposing a novel prediction model that analyzes agent interactions using graph neural networks, making the scene understanding process more informative for AVs. Our proposed prediction model, called STAG, explicitly activates social modeling with a directed graph representation while considering spatial and temporal inter-agent correlations. We further design a novel prediction system, namely CAPHA, which conditions the future behavior of agents on grid-based plans modeled as a Markov decision process and solves the prediction task via inverse reinforcement learning to produce scene compliant behaviors. Moreover, we introduce a novel goal-based prediction model, called GMP, which encodes interactions between agents and dynamic and static context information to estimate the distribution of target goals, efficiently considering the inherent uncertainty in agents behavior. Extensive quantitative and qualitative comparisons have been conducted between the developed solutions and related benchmark schemes using various scenarios and environments. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of these solutions for the understudy tasks of DBA and real-world applications.
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD BANK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TANZANIA
Creators: name: Mrema, Milcah Kalondu
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Neoclassical theorists have portrayed developed countries and international organizations as agents of development in the Third World. This study takes a political economy approach in investigating the role of the World Bank (a "capitalist" institution) in the development of Tanzania (a "socialist" country). The study argues that World Bank policies and practices in the context of the colonial legacy have contributed in part to the perpetuation of Tanzania's underdevelopment. Because of her dependence on foreign aid and Bank loans in particular, Tanzania has failed to build a socialist society. Consequently, she continues to pursue policies not differing substantially from colonial and Bank policies and that continue to constrain her development. The uniqueness of this dissertation lies in its analysis of a country trying to build a socialist society while relying on foreign aid from capitalist countries and Bank loans in particular and the uninvestigated role of international organizations in the development of Third World countries. Tanzania's development is divided into three periods: the precolonial (pre-1884); the colonial (1884-1961), which compares development (i.e., in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, and health) in that period with development during the independence period (1961-1967, pre-Arusha; and 1967-1981, post-Arusha). The research centers on the role of the World Bank in the development (i.e., its financing of development in the above sectors) of Tanzania between 1963 and 1981. Confidential Bank materials on Tanzania were used as well as secondary data. The evidence from the study shows that the Bank, like the colonial administrations in Tanzania, supports commercial agriculture, export-oriented industries, and infrastructure. The evidence also shows that the post-Arusha ruling establishment continues to work with the Bank in pursuing development in these sectors. While these sectors are important for development, they tend to benefit the Bank, its major creditors, and the ruling Tanzanian establishment. Tanzania's overall development is thus uneven; and despite the fact that she ranks eleventh in the world league of aid recipients and is the sixth largest recipient of IDA credits in black Africa, Tanzania remains one of the poorest countries in the world.
Design Issues in USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Looking Ahead by Looking Back
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Prell, Mark
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Smallwood, David
name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Prell, Mark
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Smallwood, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: SNAP
subject: food stamps
subject: federalism
subject: food restrictions
subject: benefit adequacy
subject: retailer eligibility
subject: program access
subject: work
subject: requirements

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—formerly, the Food Stamp Program—provides low-income participants with electronic benefits that are used like debit cards to purchase eligible food items in authorized retail food stores. Over the program’s long history, policymakers have implemented numerous changes in program design in response to the political, economic, and budgetary environment. Even though SNAP is a mature program, a number of issues continue to arise, such as whether to change SNAP to a block grant program, what types of foods program benefits should cover, and whether benefit amounts and program accessibility are adequate. This report examines the evolution of SNAP—highlighting the effects on the program of major policy and economic changes—to shed light on why the program takes its current form. The report also examines several current issues—each of which has been raised multiple times in the past—and identifies tradeoffs between various program design features. By providing historical and analytical perspective on major program design issues, this report looks ahead by looking back.
Fingerprints of the local moment formation and its Kondo screening in the generalized susceptibilities of many-electron problems
Creators: name: Chalupa, Patrick
name: Schäfer, Thomas
name: Reitner, Matthias
name: Springer, Daniel
name: Andergassen, Sabine
name: Toschi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the precise hallmarks of the local magnetic moment formation and its Kondo screening in the frequency structure of the generalized charge susceptibility. The sharpness of our identification even pinpoints an alternative criterion to determine the Kondo temperature of strongly correlated systems on the two-particle level, which only requires calculations at the lowest Matsubara frequency. We showcase its strength by applying it to the single impurity and the periodic Anderson model as well as to the Hubbard model. Our results represent a significant progress for the general understanding of quantum field theory at the two-particle level and allow for tracing the limits of the physics captured by perturbative approaches in correlated regimes.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
The Relationship Between Patronizing Direct-to-Consumer Outlets and a Household’s Demand for Fruits and Vegetables
Creators: name: Stewart, Hayden
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Stewart, Hayden
name: Dong, Diansheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: direct-to-consumer marketing,
subject: farmers markets
subject: fruits and vegetables
subject: roadside stands
subject: food expenditures
subject: FoodAPS data

description: Farmers markets, roadside stands, and other direct-to-consumer (DTC) outlets can be an important sales channel for small farmers. However, it is unclear what, if any, impact shopping at DTC outlets has on consumer food-purchase behavior. This study uses the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey to investigate the relationship between buying fruits and vegetables at DTC outlets and spending on these food groups by U.S. households. While American households are found to patronize DTC outlets infrequently, on average, study results show that encouraging them to do so more frequently could lead to higher levels of fruit and vegetable spending across all outlets types—including both DTC and non-direct retailers.
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD BANK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TANZANIA
Creators: name: Mrema, Milcah Kalondu
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Neoclassical theorists have portrayed developed countries and international organizations as agents of development in the Third World. This study takes a political economy approach in investigating the role of the World Bank (a "capitalist" institution) in the development of Tanzania (a "socialist" country). The study argues that World Bank policies and practices in the context of the colonial legacy have contributed in part to the perpetuation of Tanzania's underdevelopment. Because of her dependence on foreign aid and Bank loans in particular, Tanzania has failed to build a socialist society. Consequently, she continues to pursue policies not differing substantially from colonial and Bank policies and that continue to constrain her development. The uniqueness of this dissertation lies in its analysis of a country trying to build a socialist society while relying on foreign aid from capitalist countries and Bank loans in particular and the uninvestigated role of international organizations in the development of Third World countries. Tanzania's development is divided into three periods: the precolonial (pre-1884); the colonial (1884-1961), which compares development (i.e., in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, and health) in that period with development during the independence period (1961-1967, pre-Arusha; and 1967-1981, post-Arusha). The research centers on the role of the World Bank in the development (i.e., its financing of development in the above sectors) of Tanzania between 1963 and 1981. Confidential Bank materials on Tanzania were used as well as secondary data. The evidence from the study shows that the Bank, like the colonial administrations in Tanzania, supports commercial agriculture, export-oriented industries, and infrastructure. The evidence also shows that the post-Arusha ruling establishment continues to work with the Bank in pursuing development in these sectors. While these sectors are important for development, they tend to benefit the Bank, its major creditors, and the ruling Tanzanian establishment. Tanzania's overall development is thus uneven; and despite the fact that she ranks eleventh in the world league of aid recipients and is the sixth largest recipient of IDA credits in black Africa, Tanzania remains one of the poorest countries in the world.
DeepRace: A learning-based data race detector
Creators: name: TehraniJamsaz, Ali
name: Khaleel, Mohammed
name: Akbari, Reza
name: Jannesari, Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: In this paper, we propose DeepRace, a novel approach toward detecting data race bugs in the source code. We build a deep neural network model to find data race bugs instead of creating a data race detector manually. Our model uses a one-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) with different window sizes to find data race. We adopt the class activation map in order to highlight the line of codes with a data race. Thus, the DeepRace model can detect the data race on a file-level and line of code level. We trained and tested the model with OpenMP and POSIX source code datasets consisting of more than 5000 and 8000 source code files respectively. Comparing to other race detectors, we only had a small number of false positives and false negatives up to 3 and 4 for each OpenMP data race.
Large N_c behavior of light resonances in meson-meson scattering
Creators: name: Pelaez, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By scaling the parameters of meson-meson unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory amplitudes according to the QCD large N_c rules, one can study the spectroscopic nature of light meson resonances. The scalars sigma, kappa f_0(980) and, possibly, the a_0(980) do not seem to behave as q-qbar states, in contrast to the vectors rho(770) and K*(892). The behavior shown by the scalars is naturally explained in terms of diagrams with intermediate $\bar q\bar q qq$-like states. Here we review our recent study and show how the results do not depend on the different fits to data.
description: 6 pages. To appear in the proceedings of the HADRON03 conference, Aschaffenburg, Germany. September 2003
THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF STATUS AND LABOR DIVISION ON LEVELS OF INCOME AMONG WOMEN WHO ARE PRIMARY PROVIDERS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: A CASE STUDY (OCCUPATIONAL-SEGREGATION, LABOR SEGMENTATION, FEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS)
Creators: name: Parks, Julia Catherine
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A new concept is used to analyze female breadwinners. This new concept replaces the concept of "female head" (indicated by marital status and absent husbands) with economic criteria. Four main economic criteria based on the 1980 census data definition are used. They are householder (as confirmed by owner or rental contracts), bill payment, income, and employment. The group selected using these criteria are Primary Providers. The District of Columbia census population was chosen to demonstrate the new concept and method of selection. Income differences for Providers are analyzed by evaluating the effects of gender, race, education, and labor segmentation on income levels. The income of women Providers is compared with that of women non-Providers. Gender differences are examined for all income sources. Racial differences in income are compared with gender differences, controlling for education, employment status, and the extent of sex-segregated occupations. A multiple analysis of variance was carried out treating race, gender, level of education, occupational segregation, and labor segmentation as factors expected to account for significant variation in income among Providers. The combined impact of occupational segregation and segmented labor when varied with education was found to have the strongest effect on variation in income. Gender as an independent factor accounted for very little of the variation in income because the differentiation of occupations by sex is an integral structural feature of labor segmentation. A major outcome of segregated occupations is that they produce greater stratification among women in the labor structure than is evident among men. Gender differences in income among black Primary Providers are quite distinct though not as great as among white Primary Providers. Differences in income by race are greater among men than they are among women. Incomes tend to decrease in occupations located in the subordinate and secondary segments. These segments contain the majority of jobs in which women are concentrated. Women Providers earn significantly less than women non-Providers. This is explained by a wider spread of incomes around the average for women non-Providers.
EyeTAP: A Novel Technique using Voice Inputs to Address the Midas Touch Problem for Gaze-based Interactions
Creators: name: Parisay, Mohsen
name: Poullis, Charalambos
name: Kersten, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the main challenges of gaze-based interactions is the ability to distinguish normal eye function from a deliberate interaction with the computer system, commonly referred to as 'Midas touch'. In this paper we propose, EyeTAP (Eye tracking point-and-select by Targeted Acoustic Pulse) a hands-free interaction method for point-and-select tasks. We evaluated the prototype in two separate user studies, each containing two experiments with 33 participants and found that EyeTAP is robust even in presence of ambient noise in the audio input signal with tolerance of up to 70 dB, results in a faster movement time, and faster task completion time, and has a lower cognitive workload than voice recognition. In addition, EyeTAP has a lower error rate than the dwell-time method in a ribbon-shaped experiment. These characteristics make it applicable for users for whom physical movements are restricted or not possible due to a disability. Furthermore, EyeTAP has no specific requirements in terms of user interface design and therefore it can be easily integrated into existing systems with minimal modifications. EyeTAP can be regarded as an acceptable alternative to address the Midas touch.
Dark Matter Constituents
Creators: name: Bergstrom, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As cosmology has entered a phase of precision experiments, the content of the universe has been established to contain interesting and not yet fully understood components, namely dark energy and dark matter. While the cause and exact nature of the dark energy remains mysterious, there is greater hope to connect the dark matter to current models of particle physics. Supersymmetric models provide several excellent candidates for dark matter, with the lightest neutralino the prime example. This and other dark matter candidates are discussed, and prospects for their detection summarized. Some methods of detection are explained, and indications of signals in present data are critically examined.
description: Invited talk at TAUP 2003, Seattle, to appear in the Proceedings
Permutations sortable by two stacks in parallel and quarter plane walks
Creators: name: Albert, Michael
name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: At the end of the 1960s, Knuth characterised the permutations that can be sorted using a stack in terms of forbidden patterns. He also showed that they are in bijection with Dyck paths and thus counted by the Catalan numbers. Subsequently, Even \& Itai, Pratt and Tarjan studied permutations that can be sorted using two stacks in parallel. This problem is significantly harder. In particular, a sortable permutation can now be sorted by several distinct sequences of stack operations. Moreover, in order to be sortable, a permutation must avoid infinitely many patterns. The associated counting question has remained open for 40 years. We solve it by giving a pair of functional equations that characterise the generating function of permutations that can be sorted with two parallel stacks. The first component of this system describes the generating function Q(a,u) of square lattice loops confined to the positive quadrant, counted by the length and the number of North-West and East-South factors. Our analysis of the asymptotic number of sortable permutations relies at the moment on two intriguing conjectures dealing with the series Q(a,u). We prove that they hold for loops confined to the upper half plane, or not confined at all. They remain open for quarter plane loops. Given the recent activity on walks confined to cones, we believe them to be attractive per se.
description: 35 pp
Supersymmetric Effects in Parity-Violating Deep Inelastic Electron-Nucleus Scattering
Creators: name: Kurylov, A.
name: Ramsey-Musolf, M. J.
name: Su, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the supersymmetric (SUSY) corrections to the parity-violating, deep inelastic electron-deuteron asymmetry. Working with the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) we consider two cases: R parity conserving and R parity-violating. Under these scenarios, we compare the SUSY effects with those entering other parity-violating observables. For both cases of the MSSM, we find that the magnitude of the SUSY corrections can be as large as about 1% and that they are strongly correlated with the effects on other parity-violating observables. A comparison of various low-energy parity-violating observables thus provides a potentially interesting probe of SUSY.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Automating campus transportation monitoring : executive summary
Creators: name: Stonham, David
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Additional file 1 of Mechanical quantitative sensory testing in cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without syringomyelia
Creators: name: Hechler, Ashley C.
name: Hostnik, Eric T.
name: Cook, Laurie B.
name: Cole, Lynette K.
name: Moore, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. CONSORT flow diagram depicting the enrollment process.
Additional file 1 of Disinfection exhibits systematic impacts on the drinking water microbiome
Creators: name: Zihan Dai
name: Sevillano-Rivera, Maria C.
name: Calus, Szymon T.
name: Q. Melina Bautista-De Los Santos
name: A. Murat Eren
name: Wielen, Paul W. J. J. Van Der
name: Umer Z. Ijaz
name: Ameet J. Pinto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of water quality parameters measured for the samples collected as part of this study. (*NM = not measured). Table S2. BioEnv analyses in vegan package to determine the subset of variables significantly correlated with community similarities. This determines the Spearman’s correlation between Euclidean distances of scaled environmental variables with the Mash distances estimated using metagenomic reads. Table S3. Distance based Redundancy Analysis using Mash distance matrix generated using pairwise Mash distances between samples estimated using metagenomic reads. Table S4. Variance Partition analysis using water chemistry/environmental parameters identified as significant being significantly associated with read-based Mash distances by dbRDA analyses. Table S5. Number of predicted open reading frames (ORFs) for each metagenome co-assembly and number annotated against the KEGG database using Kofamscan. Table S6. BioEnv analyses in vegan package to determine the subset of variables significantly correlated with similarities in functional potential of community estimates using KEGG annotation. This determines the Spearman’s correlation between Euclidean distances of scaled environmental variables with Bray Curtis distance matrix generated from RPKM of KO detected in samples. Table S7. Distance based Redundancy Analysis using pairwise Bray-Curtis distances between samples estimated using from RPKM of KO detected in samples. Table S8. Variance Partition analysis using water chemistry/environmental parameters identified as significant being significantly associated with KO Bray-Curtis distance matrix by dbRDA analyses. Table S9. Summary of modules that were significantly higher abundance in disinfected systems as compared to non-disinfected systems. Table S10. Summary of modules that were significantly higher abundance in non-disinfected systems as compared to disinfected systems.
THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF STATUS AND LABOR DIVISION ON LEVELS OF INCOME AMONG WOMEN WHO ARE PRIMARY PROVIDERS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: A CASE STUDY (OCCUPATIONAL-SEGREGATION, LABOR SEGMENTATION, FEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS)
Creators: name: Parks, Julia Catherine
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies

description: A new concept is used to analyze female breadwinners. This new concept replaces the concept of "female head" (indicated by marital status and absent husbands) with economic criteria. Four main economic criteria based on the 1980 census data definition are used. They are householder (as confirmed by owner or rental contracts), bill payment, income, and employment. The group selected using these criteria are Primary Providers. The District of Columbia census population was chosen to demonstrate the new concept and method of selection. Income differences for Providers are analyzed by evaluating the effects of gender, race, education, and labor segmentation on income levels. The income of women Providers is compared with that of women non-Providers. Gender differences are examined for all income sources. Racial differences in income are compared with gender differences, controlling for education, employment status, and the extent of sex-segregated occupations. A multiple analysis of variance was carried out treating race, gender, level of education, occupational segregation, and labor segmentation as factors expected to account for significant variation in income among Providers. The combined impact of occupational segregation and segmented labor when varied with education was found to have the strongest effect on variation in income. Gender as an independent factor accounted for very little of the variation in income because the differentiation of occupations by sex is an integral structural feature of labor segmentation. A major outcome of segregated occupations is that they produce greater stratification among women in the labor structure than is evident among men. Gender differences in income among black Primary Providers are quite distinct though not as great as among white Primary Providers. Differences in income by race are greater among men than they are among women. Incomes tend to decrease in occupations located in the subordinate and secondary segments. These segments contain the majority of jobs in which women are concentrated. Women Providers earn significantly less than women non-Providers. This is explained by a wider spread of incomes around the average for women non-Providers.
Partial wave treatment of Supersymmetric Dark Matter in the presence of CP - violation
Creators: name: Argyrou, M.
name: Lahanas, A. B.
name: Nanopoulos, D. V.
name: Spanos, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved partial wave analysis of the dominant LSP annihilation channel to a fermion-antifermion pair which avoids the non-relativistic expansion being therefore applicable near thresholds and poles. The method we develop allows of contributions of any partial wave in the total angular momentum J in contrast to partial wave analyses in terms of the orbital angular momentum L of the initial state, which is usually truncated to p-waves, and yields very accurate results. The method is formulated in such a way as to allow easy handling of CP-violating phases residing in supersymmetric parameters. We apply this refined partial wave technique in order to calculate the neutralino relic density in the constrained MSSM (CMSSM) in the presence of CP-violating terms occurring in the Higgs - mixing parameter μand trilinear A coupling for large tanb. The inclusion of CP-violating phases in mu and A does not upset significantly the picture and the annihilation of the LSP's to a b b_bar, through Higgs exchange, is still the dominant mechanism in obtaining cosmologically acceptable neutralino relic densities in regions far from the stau-coannihilation and the `focus point'. Significant changes can occur if we allow for phases in the gaugino masses and in particular the gluino mass.
description: 23 pages LaTeX, 10 eps figures, version to appear in PRD
Spherically Symmetric Analytic Solutions and Naked Singularities in Einstein-Aether Theory
Creators: name: Chan, R.
name: da Silva, M. F. A.
name: Satheeshkumar, V. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we analyze all the possible spherically symmetric exterior vacuum solutions allowed by the Einstein-Aether theory with static aether. We show that there are four classes of solutions corresponding to different values of a combination of the free parameters, $c_{14}=c_1+c_4$, which are: $ 0 < c_{14}<2$, $c_{14} < 0$, $c_{14}=2$ and $c_{14}=0$. We present explicit analytical solutions for $c_{14}=3/2, 16/9, 48/25, -16, 2$ and $0$. The first case has some pathological behavior, while the rest have all singularities at $r=0$ and are asymptotically flat spacetimes. For the solutions $c_{14}=16/9, 48/25\, \mathrm{\, and \,}\, -16$ we show that there exist no horizons, neither Killing nor universal horizon, thus we have naked singularities. Finally, the solution for $c_{14}=2$ has a metric component as an arbitrary function of radial coordinate, when it is chosen to be the same as in the Schwarzschild case, we have a physical singularity at finite radius, besides the one at $r=0$. This characteristic is completely different from General Relativity.
description: 21 pages and 9 figures
Targeting Patterns of Driving Characteristics in Testing Autonomous Driving Systems
Creators: name: Arcaini, Paolo
name: Zhang, Xiao-Yi
name: Ishikawa, Fuyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: autonomous driving systems
driving characteristics
path planner
search-based testing

description: A common approach in testing automated and autonomous driving systems (ADS) consists in running the ADS in a simulator where driving and environmental conditions are specified in terms of scenarios. An important aspect in ADS testing is to cover different driving situations in which the autonomous car must perform different types of maneuvers. In this paper, we consider the path planner of our industry partner; the path planner is responsible for deciding the path that must be followed by the autonomous car. A path is characterized by the driving characteristics (as forward acceleration, lateral acceleration, curvature, and so on) that are needed, at each time point, to implement it. For different driving characteristics, a good test suite should contain a scenario for which the path planner chooses a path that requires the application of the selected driving characteristics for a non-negligible period of time: this means that the characteristics are relevant in that path. With such a test suite, engineers can observe the different types of decision taken by the path planner, and so possibly better assess its correctness. In the paper, we introduce the notion of patterns of driving characteristics, to characterize their interaction (i.e., simultaneous or not) and measure their duration. Exploiting this definition, we propose two search-based approaches (for single and pairs of driving characteristics) to find scenarios in which such patterns occur and their duration is maximized. Experimental results show that the approaches are effective in finding scenarios for which the path planner generates paths where the different driving characteristics occur in terms of the specified pattern.