cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Origin of strong magnetic fields in Milky-Way like galactic haloes
Creators: name: Beck, Alexander M.
name: Lesch, Harald
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Kotarba, Hanna
name: Geng, Annette
name: Stasyszyn, Federico A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model predicting the growth rates, the absolute growth times and the saturation values of the magnetic field strength within galactic haloes is presented. The analytical results are compared to cosmological MHD simulations of Milky-Way like galactic halo formation performed with the N-body / \textsc{Spmhd} code \textsc{Gadget}. The halo has a mass of $\approx{}3\cdot{}10^{12}$ $M_{\odot}$ and a virial radius of $\approx{}$270 kpc. The simulations in a $Λ$CDM cosmology also include radiative cooling, star formation, supernova feedback and the description of non-ideal MHD. A primordial magnetic seed field ranging from $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-34}$ G in strength agglomerates together with the gas within filaments and protohaloes. There, it is amplified within a couple of hundred million years up to equipartition with the corresponding turbulent energy. The magnetic field strength increases by turbulent small-scale dynamo action. The turbulence is generated by the gravitational collapse and by supernova feedback. Subsequently, a series of halo mergers leads to shock waves and amplification processes magnetizing the surrounding gas within a few billion years. At first, the magnetic energy grows on small scales and then self-organizes to larger scales. Magnetic field strengths of $\approx{}10^{-6}$ G are reached in the center of the halo and drop to $\approx{}10^{-9}$ G in the IGM. Analyzing the saturation levels and growth rates, the model is able to describe the process of magnetic amplification notably well and confirms the results of the simulations.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted to MNRAS after minor revision
Pion stars embedded in neutrino clouds
Creators: name: Stashko, O. S.
name: Savchuk, O. V.
name: Satarov, L. M.
name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Gorenstein, M. I.
name: Zhdanov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-gravitating multi-pion systems (pion stars) in a state of the Bose condensate. To ensure stability of such stars, it is assumed that they are immersed in the lepton background. Two different phenomenological equations of state (EoS) for the pion matter are used, some of them having the first order phase transition. The model parameters are chosen to reproduce the recent lattice QCD data at zero temperature and large isospin chemical potential. It is shown that the mass-radius diagrams of pion stars obtained with phenomenological EoS are close to ones calculated in the ideal gas model. We analyze properties of neutrino clouds which are necessary for stabilizing the pion stars.
Polybianische und vorpolybianische Lagermaße und Lagertypen
Creators: name: Oxé, August
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 143/144 (1938): Bonner Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Provinzialmuseums in Bonn
Solvolytic studies of benzyl nitrates and related compounds in water
Creators: name: Koshy, Kalavelil Mathew
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: QD 281 S6 K66 1973
subject: Solvolysis
subject: Chemical reaction, rate of
subject: Benzyl nitrates

description: Bibliography: p. 132-139.
Ausgrabungen am Niederrhein
Creators: name: Stampfuß, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 143/144 (1938): Bonner Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Provinzialmuseums in Bonn
Anisotropic excitonic photocurrent in $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$
Creators: name: Verma, Darpan
name: Adnan, Md Mohsinur Rahman
name: Dhara, Sushovan
name: Sturm, Chris
name: Rajan, Siddharth
name: Myers, Roberto C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization dependent photocurrent spectra are measured on a (001) $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Schottky photodetector, where the linear polarization of light is rotated within the ab plane. Three spectral peaks at 4.92 eV, 5.15 eV, and 5.44 eV are observed that vary in intensity with the optical polarization direction. The peak transition energies are consistent with excitons previously reported in $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ due to interband transitions modified by the valence band p-orbital anisotropy and the electron-hole Coulombic attraction. The measured polarization-dependence of the photocurrent matches our predictions based on electromagnetic simulations of anisotropic absorption using the complex dielectric function tensor extracted from previous ellipsometry studies. These results illustrate the dominance of excitonic absorption and photocurrent in $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ both below and above the band gap, demonstrate a combined theoretical/experimental understanding of anisotropic photocarrier generation, and validate previous atomistic band structure calculations in this low-symmetry ultra-wide band gap semiconductor.
description: 15 pages, 1 table, and 4 figure
Christoph Albrecht, Frühgeschichtliche Funde aus Westfalen im Städtischen Kunst- und Gewerbemuseum Dortmund
Creators: name: Tackenberg, K.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Christoph Albrecht, Frühgeschichtliche Funde aus Westfalen im Städtischen Kunst- und Gewerbemuseum Dortmund. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Städtischen Kunst- und Gewerbemuseum Dortmund, Bd. 1. Dortmund (W. Ruhfus) 1936. 4°. 63 Seiten mit 39 Abbildungen im Text und 14 Tafeln.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 143/144 (1938): Bonner Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Provinzialmuseums in Bonn
Phosphorus removal at the City of Calgary Bonnybrook Sewage Treatment Plant
Creators: name: Johnson, Rolf W.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: TD 751 J64 1977 Microfiche
subject: Sewage - Purification - Phosphate removal
subject: Sewage disposal - Alberta - Calgary
subject: Sewage - Purification - Biological treatment
subject: Sewage - Purification - Chlorination

description: Bibliography: p. 121-124.
Elevated ionizing photon production efficiency in faint high-equivalent-width Lyman-α emitters
Creators: name: Maseda, Michael V
name: Bacon, Roland
name: Lam, Daniel
name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Schmidt, Kasper B
name: Boogaard, Leindert
name: Bouwens, Rychard
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Hashimoto, Takuya
name: Inami, Hanae
name: Kusakabe, Haruka
name: Mahler, Guillaume
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Richard, Johan
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Galaxies: evolution
subject: Galaxies: high-redshift
subject: Galaxies: ISM
subject: 520

description: While low-luminosity galaxies dominate number counts at all redshifts, their contribution to cosmic reionization is poorly understood due to a lack of knowledge of their physical properties. We isolate a sample of 35 z ≈ 4–5 continuum-faint Lyman-α emitters from deep VLT/MUSE spectroscopy and directly measure their H α emission using stacked Spitzer/IRAC Ch. 1 photometry. Based on Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we determine that the average UV continuum magnitude is fainter than −16 (≈ 0.01 L*), implying a median Lyman-α equivalent width of 259 Å. By combining the H α measurement with the UV magnitude, we determine the ionizing photon production efficiency, ξion, a first for such faint galaxies. The measurement of log10 (ξion [Hz erg−1]) = 26.28 (+−002840) is in excess of literature measurements of both continuum- and emission line-selected samples, implying a more efficient production of ionizing photons in these lower luminosity, Lyman-α-selected systems. We conclude that this elevated efficiency can be explained by stellar populations with metallicities between 4 × 10−4 and 0.008, with light-weighted ages less than 3 Myr.
A Study of the qualifications and some problems of those teaching music in the Calgary public elementary school system
Creators: name: Challice, Elizabeth G.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: MT 3 C3 C52 1974 Microfiche
subject: Teachers, Training of - Alberta
subject: School music - Instruction and study - Alberta - Calgary

description: Bibliography: p. 88-90.
Mass Intake of Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine during Covid-19 Pandemic: Possible Consequences in Endemic Malaria Settings
Creators: name: Mvumbi, Dieudonné M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Malaria
Covid-19
SARS-Cov-2
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine

description: The world is currently undergoing a new pandemic for which no curative treatment is available. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has spread to 183 countries and killed numerous people. Many reports presented chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), former drugs used against malaria, as the best current choice to fight this terrible disease. As these molecules had been withdrawn in malaria treatment policy due to chemoresistance, their reintroduction could have some consequences. Though local malaria prevalence could decrease for a while, molecular changes are likely to happen on some plasmodium falciparum genes involved in conferring drug resistance. If these molecules are widely administered, this could threaten efforts in malaria control.
Selective emitters design and optimization for thermophotovoltaic applications
Creators: name: Nefzaoui, Elyes
name: Drevillon, Jérémie
name: Joulain, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among several solutions to exploit solar energy, thermophotovoltaics (TPV) have been popularized and have known great breakthroughs during the past two decades. Yet, existing systems still have low efficiencies since the wavelength range of optimal photovoltaic (PV) conversion is very small compared to the emitter spectral range. Selective emitters are a very promising solution to this problem. We developed numerical tools to design and optimize such emitters. Some of the resulting structures composed of two or four layers of metals and semiconductors are presented in this paper. We also show that the usual PV devices efficiency limits (30% for crystalline silicon under solar radiation, according to Shockley-Queisser model) can be easily overcome thanks to these structures.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Zariski chambers on surfaces of high Picard number
Creators: name: Bauer, Thomas
name: Schmitz, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.1; F.2.2
subject: 14C20 (Primary), 14Q05, 68W05 (Secondary)

description: We present an improved algorithm for the computation of Zariski chambers on algebraic surfaces. The new algorithm significantly outperforms the so far available method and allows therefore to treat surfaces of high Picard number, where huge chamber numbers occur. As an application, we efficiently compute the number of chambers supported by the lines on the Segre-Schur quartic.
Evolution of many-body systems under ancilla quantum measurements
Creators: name: Doggen, Elmer V. H.
name: Gefen, Yuval
name: Gornyi, Igor V.
name: Mirlin, Alexander D.
name: Polyakov, Dmitry G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-induced phase transitions are the subject of intense current research, both from an experimental and a theoretical perspective. We explore the concept of implementing quantum measurements by coupling a many-body lattice system to an ancillary degree of freedom (implemented using two additional sites), on which projective measurements are performed. We analyze the effect of repeated (``stroboscopic'') measurements on the dynamical correlations of interacting hard-core bosons in a one-dimensional chain. An important distinctive ingredient of the protocol is the fact that the detector ancillas are not re-initialized after each measurement step. The detector thus maintains memory of the accumulated influence by the measured correlated system. Initially, we consider a model in which the ancilla is coupled to a single lattice site. This setup allows obtaining information about the system through Rabi oscillations in the ancillary degrees of freedom, modulated by the ancilla-system interaction. The statistics of quantum trajectories exhibits a ``quantum-Zeno-valve effect'' that occurs when the measurement becomes strong, with sharp branching between low and high entanglement. We proceed by extending numerical simulations to the case of two ancillas and, then, to measurements on all sites. With this realistic measurement apparatus, we find evidence of a disentangling-entangling measurement-induced transition as was previously observed in more abstract models. The dynamics features a broad distribution of the entanglement entropy.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures
Thermoelectric prospects of nanomaterials with spin-orbit surface bands
Creators: name: Huber, T. E.
name: Owusu, K.
name: Johnson, S.
name: Konopko, A. Nikolaeva L.
name: Johnson, R. C.
name: Graf, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanostructured composites and nanowire arrays of traditional thermoelectrics like Bi, Bi(1-x)Sb(x) and Bi(2)Te(3) have metallic Rashba surface spin-orbit bands featuring high mobilities rivaling that of the bulk for which topological insulator behavior has been proposed. Nearly pure surface electronic transport has been observed at low temperatures in Bi nanowires with diameter around the critical diameter, 50 nm, for the semimetal-to semiconductor transition. The surface contributes strongly to the thermopower, actually dominating for temperatures T < 100 K in these nanowires. The surface thermopower was found to be -1 T microvolt/(K^2), a value that is consistent with theory. We show that surface electronic transport together with boundary phonon scattering leads to enhanced thermoelectric performance at low temperatures of Bi nanowire arrays. We compare with bulk n-BiSb alloys, optimized CsBi(4)Te(6) and optimized Bi(2)Te(3). Surface dominated electronic transport can be expected in nanomaterials of the other traditional thermoelectrics.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Solitonic Gravastars in a U(1) gauge Higgs model
Creators: name: Ogawa, Tatsuya
name: Ishihara, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically obtain gravastar solutions as nontopological solitons in a system that consists of a U(1) gauge Higgs model with a complex scalar field and Einstein gravity. The solitonic gravastar solutions are compact enough to have a photon sphere.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Non-Imaging Speckle Interferometry forHigh Speed Nanometer-Scale Position Detection
Creators: name: van Putten, E. G.
name: Lagendijk, A.
name: Mosk, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate a non-imaging approach to displacement measurement for complex scattering materials. By spatially controlling the wave front of the light that incidents on the material we concentrate the scattered light in a focus on a designated position. This wave front acts as an unique optical fingerprint that enables precise position detection of the illuminated material by simply measuring the intensity in the focus. By combining two optical fingerprints we demonstrate position detection along one dimension with a displacement resolution of 2.1 nm. As our approach does not require an image of the scattered field, it is possible to employ fast non-imaging detectors to enable high-speed position detection of scattering materials.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Hans Salentin: 'Plastiken, Objekte, Reliefs', 2. bis 29.9.1967 / Hans Salentin: 'Sculptures, Objects, Reliefs', September 2 to 29, 1967
Creators: name: Renswou, Brigitte Jacobs Van
Publisher: name: Sediment – Materialien und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Kunstmarkts
Year: 2020

description: Sediment – Materialien und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Kunstmarkts, No 31 (2020): Sediment
The ionising photon production efficiency at z~6 for Lyman-alpha emitters using JEMS and MUSE
Creators: name: Simmonds, Charlotte
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Williams, Christina
name: Baker, William M.
name: Witten, Callum
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Saxena, Aayush
name: Sun, Fengwu
name: Witstok, Joris
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Boyett, Kristan
name: Bunker, Andrew J.
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Curtis-Lake, Emma
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Ji, Zhiyuan
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Sandles, Lester
name: Smit, Renske
name: Übler, Hannah
name: Willott, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ionising photon production efficiency at the end of the Epoch of Reionisation ($z \sim 5.4 - 6.6$) for a sample of 30 Lyman-$α$ emitters. This is a crucial quantity to infer the ionising photon budget of the Universe. These objects were selected to have reliable spectroscopic redshifts, assigned based on the profile of their Lyman-$α$ emission line, detected in the MUSE deep fields. We exploit medium-band observations from the JWST extragalactic medium band survey (JEMS) to find the flux excess corresponding to the redshifted \ha\ emission line. We estimate the ultra-violet (UV) luminosity by fitting the full JEMS photometry, along with several HST photometric points, with \texttt{Prospector}. We find a median UV continuum slope of $β= -2.09^{+0.23}_{-0.21}$ for the sample, indicating young stellar populations with little-to-no dust attenuation. Supported by this, we derive $ξ_{ion,0}$ with no dust attenuation and find a median value of log$\frac{ξ_{ion,0}}{\text{Hz erg}^{-1}} = 25.44^{+0.21}_{-0.15}$. If we perform dust attenuation corrections and assume a Calzetti attenuation law, our values are lowered by $\sim 0.1$ dex. Our results suggest Lyman-$α$ emitters at the Epoch of Reionisation have enhanced $ξ_{ion,0}$ compared to previous estimations from literature, in particular, when compared to the non-Lyman-$α$ emitting population. This initial study provides a promising outlook on the characterisation of ionising photon production in the early Universe. In the future, a more extensive study will be performed on the entire dataset provided by the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). Thus, for the first time, allowing us to place constraints on the wider galaxy populations driving reionisation.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures in main paper (20 pages in total, 29 figures in appendix). Submitted to MNRAS. Replaced after first iteration of referee's comments
Starbursts in low-mass haloes at Cosmic Dawn. I. The critical halo mass for star formation
Creators: name: Nebrin, Olof
name: Giri, Sambit K.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first stars, galaxies, star clusters, and direct-collapse black holes are expected to have formed in low-mass ($\sim$$10^{5}-10^{9} ~ M_{\odot}$) haloes at Cosmic Dawn ($z \sim 10 - 30$) under conditions of efficient gas cooling, leading to gas collapse towards the centre of the halo. The halo mass cooling threshold has been analyzed by several authors using both analytical models and numerical simulations, with differing results. Since the halo number density is a sensitive function of the halo mass, an accurate model of the cooling threshold is needed for (semi-)analytical models of star formation at Cosmic Dawn. In this paper the cooling threshold mass is calculated (semi-)analytically, considering the effects of H$_2$-cooling and formation (in the gas phase and on dust grains), cooling by atomic metals, Lyman-$α$ cooling, photodissociation of H$_2$ by Lyman-Werner photons (including self-shielding by H$_2$), photodetachment of H$^-$ by infrared photons, photoevaporation by ionization fronts, and the effect of baryon streaming velocities. We compare the calculations to several high-resolution cosmological simulations, showing excellent agreement. We find that in regions of typical baryon streaming velocities, star formation is possible in haloes of mass $\gtrsim 1-2 \times 10^6 ~ M_{\odot}$ for $z \gtrsim 20$. By $z \sim 8$, the expected Lyman-Werner background suppresses star formation in all minihaloes below the atomic-cooling threshold ($T_{\rm vir} = 10^4 ~ \textrm{K}$). The halo mass cooling threshold increases by another factor of $\sim$$4$ following reionization, although this effect is slightly delayed ($z \sim 4-5$) because of effective self-shielding.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lil Picard: 'Self-Portrait & Morality Play', 5. Juli 1968 / Lil Picard: 'Self-Portrait & Morality Play', July 5, 1968
Creators: name: Herzog, Günter
Publisher: name: Sediment – Materialien und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Kunstmarkts
Year: 2020

description: Sediment – Materialien und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Kunstmarkts, No 31 (2020): Sediment
The effect of various dehydration techniques on ginsenoside recovery from North American ginseng and bioactive properties on 3T3-L1 adipose tissue cell line
Creators: name: Purnama, Monica
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Three dehydration techniques, applied to North American ginseng roots (NAG), were evaluated to determine the subsequent pore characteristics, recovery of the ginsenoside content, and the related bioactive properties on a cultured 3T3-L1 fat cell line. Fresh North American ginseng roots were shredded prior to air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD), and vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) processes. Total porosities and pore distribution measurements were determined using a mercury porosimeter. Among samples, FD ginseng obtained the highest total porosity followed by VMD and AD, respectively. All dehydrated samples showed a porous structure with pore sizes ranged from 0.002 µm to 172 µm. Dried ginseng root matrices, regardless of dehydration methods, were mainly constituted by macropores (>1.5μm). Pore characteristics of dried ginseng roots may affect the ginsenosides exposure with extraction solvent. As total porosity increases, the total ginsenoside content may also increase. Therefore, ginsenoside content of dried NAG following methanolic extraction was determined to evaluate the relationship between dried NAG pore characteristics and the subsequent ginsenoside extraction. Ginsenoside composition was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total ginsenoside content, derived from the seven individual ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rg3), were affected by the dehydration methods employed. AD process recovered the lowest amount of total ginsenosides, followed by VMD and FD processes, which recovered relatively similar amounts of total ginsenosides. The comparable total ginsenoside amounts of VMD and FD ginseng root extracts suggests that the relationship between pore characteristics and the subsequent extraction of bioactive component was highly dependent on the dried food material. The bioactivity potential of all ginseng extracts on 3T3-L1 adipose tissue cells was exhibited following AD, VMD, and FD processes. Dried North American ginseng root extracts (NAGEs), regardless of dehydration techniques, affected the viabilities of pre-confluent and post-confluent preadipocytes as well as mature adipocyte cells. Moreover, dried NAGEs at non-toxic levels were able to inhibit adipogenesis when added to both pre- and post-confluent preadipocytes. These results, therefore, showed that dehydration techniques affected the pore characteristics and the subsequent ginsenoside recoveries of NAG, and the dried NAGEs exhibited bioactive potential on 3T3-L1 adipose tissue cells.
Der römische Kameo der Stadtbibliothek Trier
Creators: name: Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C.
Publisher: name: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Year: 2020

description: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 20 Nr. 1/2 (1951): Trierer Zeitschrift : für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Tafeln 5-8
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Year: 2020

description: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 20 Nr. 1/2 (1951): Trierer Zeitschrift : für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Gauge Theory on Fiber Bundle of Hypercomplex Algebras
Creators: name: Jang, Hun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I introduce a way of constructing a fiber bundle whose fibers are given by hypercomplex algebras and woven by appropriate structure group, and present that a novel gauge theory can be built on the hypercomplex fiber bundle. In this work, I aim to answer a question about how nature selects one preferred vacuum among degenerate physical vacua, called {\it vacuum selection problem}. In the end, I found presence of the impenetrable domain wall that prohibits phase transition between the two vacua. To be specific, I found that in this theory, one particular vacuum between two degenerate physical vacua for Higgs-like scalar potential can be dynamically chosen with priority due to intrinsic even parity of both a scalar field and its vacuum under a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, even though its scalar potential is given to be $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric under both odd- and even-parity transformations of the scalar field. This means that the vacuum selection problem can be resolved in this gauge theory. I suggest that this work may be a gateway to addressing the theoretical origin of the true physical vacuum that nature takes.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures; v3: version published in Nucl. Phys. B 993 (2023) 116281
The Evolving Effect Of Cosmic Web Environment On Galaxy Quenching
Creators: name: Hasan, Farhanul
name: Burchett, Joseph N.
name: Abeyta, Alyssa
name: Hellinger, Douglas
name: Mandelker, Nir
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Koo, David C.
name: Elek, Oskar
name: Nagai, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how cosmic web structures affect galaxy quenching in the IllustrisTNG (TNG100) cosmological simulations by reconstructing the cosmic web within each snapshot using the DisPerSE framework. We measure the comoving distance from each galaxy with stellar mass $\log(M_{\ast}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) \geq 8$ to the nearest node ($d_{\mathrm{node}}$) and the nearest filament spine ($d_{\mathrm{fil}}$) to study the dependence of both median specific star formation rate () and median gas fraction (<$f_{\mathrm{gas}}$>) on these distances. We find that the of galaxies is only dependent on cosmic web environment at $z<2$, with the dependence increasing with time. At $z\leq0.5$, $8 \leq \log(M_{\ast}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) < 9$ galaxies are quenched at $d_{\mathrm{node}}\lesssim1$~Mpc, and have significantly-suppressed star formation at $d_{\mathrm{fil}}\lesssim1$~Mpc, trends driven mostly by satellite galaxies. At $z\leq1$, in contrast to the monotonic drop in of $\log(M_{\ast}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) <10$ galaxies with decreasing $d_{\mathrm{node}}$ and $d_{\mathrm{fil}}$, $\log(M_{\ast}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) \geq 10$ galaxies - both centrals and satellites - experience an upturn in at $d_{\mathrm{node}}\lesssim0.2$~Mpc. Much of this cosmic web dependence of star formation activity can be explained by an evolution in $$. Our results suggest that in the past $\sim$10 Gyr, low-mass satellites are quenched by rapid gas stripping in dense environments near nodes and gradual gas starvation in intermediate-density environments near filaments, while at earlier times cosmic web structures efficiently channeled cold gas into most galaxies. State-of-the-art ongoing spectroscopic surveys such as SDSS and DESI, as well as those planned with the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph, JWST and Roman, are required to test our predictions against observations.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 5 Figures
Minimal Hölder regularity implying finiteness of integral Menger curvature
Creators: name: Kolasiński, Sławomir
name: Szumańska, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q10, 28A75, 49Q20, 49Q15

description: We study two families of integral functionals indexed by a real number $p > 0$. One family is defined for 1-dimensional curves in $\R^3$ and the other one is defined for $m$-dimensional manifolds in $\R^n$. These functionals are described as integrals of appropriate integrands (strongly related to the Menger curvature) raised to power $p$. Given $p > m(m+1)$ we prove that $C^{1,α}$ regularity of the set (a curve or a manifold), with $α> α_0 = 1 - \frac{m(m+1)}p$ implies finiteness of both curvature functionals ($m=1$ in the case of curves). We also show that $α_0$ is optimal by constructing examples of $C^{1,α_0}$ functions with graphs of infinite integral curvature.
Caesars Rheinbrücke
Creators: name: Saatmann, Karl
name: Jüngst, Emil
name: Thielscher, Paul
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 143/144 (1938): Bonner Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Provinzialmuseums in Bonn
Dense Molecular Gas Properties of the Central Kpc of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Constrained by ALMA Three Transition-line Observations
Creators: name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Baba, Shunsuke
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Izumi, Takuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of ALMA 1-2 kpc-resolution, three rotational transition line (J=2-1, J=3-2, and J=4-3) observations of multiple dense molecular gas tracers (HCN, HCO$^{+}$, and HNC) for ten nearby (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ([U]LIRGs). Following the matching of beam sizes to 1-2 kpc for each (U)LIRG, the high-J to low-J transition-line flux ratios of each molecule and the emission line flux ratios of different molecules at each J transition are derived. We conduct RADEX non-LTE model calculations and find that, under a wide range of gas density and kinetic temperature, the observed HCN-to-HCO$^{+}$ flux ratios in the overall (U)LIRGs are naturally reproduced with enhanced HCN abundance compared to HCO$^{+}$. Thereafter, molecular gas properties are constrained primarily through the use of HCN and HCO$^{+}$ data and the adoption of fiducial values for the HCO$^{+}$ column density and HCN-to-HCO$^{+}$ abundance ratio. We quantitatively confirm the following: (1) Molecular gas at the (U)LIRGs' nuclei is dense ($\gtrsim$10$^{3-4}$ cm$^{-3}$) and warm ($\gtrsim$100 K). (2) Molecular gas density and temperature in nine ULIRGs' nuclei are significantly higher than that of one LIRG's nucleus. (3) Molecular gas in starburst-dominated sources tends to be less dense and cooler than ULIRGs with luminous AGN signatures. For six selected sources, we also apply a Bayesian approach by freeing all parameters and support the above main results. Our ALMA 1-2 kpc resolution, multiple transition-line data of multiple molecules are a very powerful tool for scrutinizing the properties of molecular gas concentrated around luminous energy sources in nearby (U)LIRGs' nuclei.
description: 42 pages, 13 figures. ApJ accepted
Diurnal and Seasonal Mapping of Martian Ices With EMIRS
Creators: name: Stcherbinine, Aurélien
name: Edwards, Christopher S.
name: Smith, Michael D.
name: Wolff, Michael J.
name: Haberle, Christopher
name: Tunaiji, Eman Al
name: Smith, Nathan M.
name: Saboi, Kezman
name: Anwar, Saadat
name: Lange, Lucas
name: Christensen, Philip R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Condensation and sublimation of ices at the surface of the planet is a key part of both the Martian H$_2$O and CO$_2$ cycles, either from a seasonal or diurnal aspect. While most of the ice is located within the polar caps, surface frost is known to be formed during nighttime down to equatorial latitudes. Here, we use data from the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) to monitor the diurnal and seasonal evolution of the ices at the surface of Mars over almost one Martian year. The unique local time coverage provided by the instrument allows us to observe the apparition of equatorial CO$_2$ frost in the second half of the Martian night around the equinoxes, to its sublimation at sunrise.
Mapping Research Topics of the Determinants and Influence of Basic Earning Power (BEP) on Sharia and Conventional Financial Institutions: VOSviewer Bibliometric Study and Literature Review
Creators: name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This study aims to determine the map of research developments regarding determinant variables and the influence of Basic Earning Power/BEP on Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions using a mix-method approach, namely quantitative methods in bibliometric studies and qualitative methods in literature review studies. The research object is Basic Earning Power/BEP. The source of data collection comes from searches of national journals indexed by Google Scholar and Sinta through the Perish/Harzing application. Data analysis techniques include: (1) mapping RIS data files on Mendeley Desktop based on the order of year, author, and publisher; (2) mapping the results of visualization of bibliometric networks and trends in scientific publications using the VOSviewer algorithm software (Visualization of Similarities); and (3) mapping research topics. The results showed that the number of publications has increased significantly every year. And based on the mapping results using the VOSviewer application and literature review, there are 2 main themes around the determinant variables and the influence of Basic Earning Power/BEP. The implication and contribution of this research is to map topics that are often researched by researchers, so that they can find out research gaps, and can become a reference for subsequent researchers.
Sign reversal of the Hall resistance in the mixed-state of La$_{1.89}$ Ce$_{0.11}$CuO$_{4}$ and La$_{1.89}$Ce$_{0.11}$(Cu$_{0.99}$Co$_{0.01}$)O$_{4} $ thin films
Creators: name: Jin, K.
name: Wu, B. X.
name: Zhu, B. Y.
name: Zhao, B. R.
name: Volodin, A.
name: Vanacken, J.
name: Silhanek, A. V.
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport properties of La$_{1.89}$Ce$_{0.11}$CuO$_{4}$(LCCO) and La$_{1.89}$Ce$_{0.11}$(Cu$_{0.99}$Co$_{0.01}$)O$_{4}$ (LCCO:Co) superconducting thin films are investigated. When the external field $\bf H$ is applied along the crystallographic c-axis, a double sign reversal of the Hall voltage in the mixed state of LCCO:Co thin films is observed whereas a single sign reversal is detected in LCCO. A double sign reversal of the Hall signal in LCCO can be recovered if the magnetic field is tilted away from the plane of the film. We find that the transition from one to two of the Hall sign reversal coincides with the change in the pinning from strong to weak. This temperature/field induced transition is caused either by the magnetic impurities in LCCO:Co or by the coupling between the pancake vortices and the in-plane Josephson vortices in LCCO. These results are in agreement with early theoretical and numerical predictions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, the proceedings of VORTEX VII in Physica C
Black Lives Matter and the Removal of Racist Statues
Creators: name: Atuire, Caesar Alimsinya
Publisher: name: 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual
Year: 2020

description: The killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers and the subsequent Black Lives Matter protests have been accompanied by calls for the removal of statues of racists from public space. This has generated debate about the role of statues in the public sphere. I argue that statues are erected to represent a chosen narrative about history. The debate about the removal of statues is a controversy about history and how we relate to it. From this perspective, the Black Lives Matter movement is not a drive to remove or topple statues, but a call for an honest examination of systemic racism and the residual effects of slavery. This call can be a kairos to engage in a constructive dialogue about the societies we aspire to live in. The result of this dialogue, which includes a re-examination of dominant narratives, will decide which statues and monuments can occupy public space and represent our societies.
description: 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual, Vol 1 No 2 (2020): 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual. Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte und visuellen Kultur
Two-Scale Optimization of Graded Lattice Structures respecting Buckling on Micro- and Macroscale
Creators: name: Hübner, Daniel
name: Wein, Fabian
name: Stingl, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Interest in components with detailed structures increased with the progress in advanced manufacturing techniques in recent years. Parts with graded lattice elements can provide interesting mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties compared to parts where only coarse features are included. One of these improvements is better global buckling resistance of the component. However, thin features are prone to local buckling. Normally, analyses with high computational effort are conducted on high-resolution finite element meshes to optimize parts with good global and local stability. Until recently, works focused only on either global or local buckling behavior. We use two-scale optimization based on asymptotic homogenization of elastic properties and local buckling behavior to reduce the effort of full-scale analyses. For this, we present an approach for concurrent local and global buckling optimization of parameterized graded lattice structures. It is based on a worst-case model for the homogenized buckling load factor, which acts as a safeguard against pure local buckling. Cross-modes residing on both scales are not detected. We support our theory with numerical examples and validations on dehomogenized designs, which show the capabilities of our method, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the worst-case model.
description: submitted to Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Characterizing Subpopulations within the Near Earth Objects with NEOWISE: Preliminary Results
Creators: name: Mainzer, A.
name: Grav, T.
name: Masiero, J.
name: Bauer, J.
name: McMillan, R. S.
name: Giorgini, J.
name: Spahr, T.
name: Cutri, R. M.
name: Tholen, D. J.
name: Jedicke, R.
name: Walker, R.
name: Wright, E.
name: Nugent, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the preliminary results of an analysis of the sub-populations within the near-Earth asteroids, including the Atens, Apollos, Amors, and those that are considered potentially hazardous using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). In order to extrapolate the sample of objects detected by WISE to the greater population, we determined the survey biases for asteroids detected by the project's automated moving object processing system (known as NEOWISE) as a function of diameter, visible albedo, and orbital elements. Using this technique, we are able to place constraints on the number of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) larger than 100 m and find that there are $\sim4700\pm1450$ such objects. As expected, the Atens, Apollos, and Amors are revealed by WISE to have somewhat different albedo distributions, with the Atens being brighter than the Amors. The cumulative size distributions of the various near-Earth object (NEO) subgroups vary slightly between 100 m and 1 km. A comparison of the observed orbital elements of the various sub-populations of the NEOs with the current best model is shown.
description: ApJ accepted
A Bayesian approach for inferring neuronal connectivity from calcium fluorescent imaging data
Creators: name: Mishchencko, Yuriy
name: Vogelstein, Joshua T.
name: Paninski, Liam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deducing the structure of neural circuits is one of the central problems of modern neuroscience. Recently-introduced calcium fluorescent imaging methods permit experimentalists to observe network activity in large populations of neurons, but these techniques provide only indirect observations of neural spike trains, with limited time resolution and signal quality. In this work we present a Bayesian approach for inferring neural circuitry given this type of imaging data. We model the network activity in terms of a collection of coupled hidden Markov chains, with each chain corresponding to a single neuron in the network and the coupling between the chains reflecting the network's connectivity matrix. We derive a Monte Carlo Expectation--Maximization algorithm for fitting the model parameters; to obtain the sufficient statistics in a computationally-efficient manner, we introduce a specialized blockwise-Gibbs algorithm for sampling from the joint activity of all observed neurons given the observed fluorescence data. We perform large-scale simulations of randomly connected neuronal networks with biophysically realistic parameters and find that the proposed methods can accurately infer the connectivity in these networks given reasonable experimental and computational constraints. In addition, the estimation accuracy may be improved significantly by incorporating prior knowledge about the sparseness of connectivity in the network, via standard L$_1$ penalization methods.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS303 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Design and implementation of microcontroller-based direct methanol fuel cell/lithium polymer battery hybrid energy management system
Creators: name: Chen, Di
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has been considered as one of the competitive alternatives for battery technology as it has much higher energy density, faster recharging and does not require complicated control systems like a fuel reformer or compressed gas tank as needed by a hydrogen fuel cell. However, current DMFC technology suffers from the low power density caused by low reaction rate and undesired “methanol crossover” issues, which brings a big challenge for its application in practical systems. This thesis presents a practical design and prototype development of a DMFC/battery hybrid energy management system, which can be provided as one possible solution for the low power and cold start issues. First of all the existing fuel cell hybrid system schemes and design of the auxiliary units (BOP) are surveyed and compared. Based on the analysis above a microcontroller-based DMFC and Lithium Polymer Battery hybrid system is proposed. After that a novel “Battery-Current-Based Hybrid Control (BCBHC)” is proposed to provide active load sharing and proper battery charging and protection. The DMFC will follow the average battery current by neglecting the battery current transients and charge the battery by following the Constant-Current and Constant Voltage charging scheme when possible. A variety of battery protections, such as overcharging, overcurrent and charging current limitation, are implemented by the BCBHC and protection circuit. A detailed system design and modeling are then presented. The models are developed and simulated in PSIM. The simulation results are analyzed and showed the validity of proposed hybrid control. At the end a prototype hybrid EMS controller board has been implemented to further validate the hybrid system design. The dynamic behavior of DMFC/Battery hybrid system is examined and tested under a series of load experiments. The measured results have proved the feasibility and stability of the designed hybrid control.