cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease Alliance
Creators: name: Mills, K.T.
name: Cicutto, L.
name: Daumit, G.L.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Szefler, S.J.
name: Smith, J.D.
name: Brown, A.
name: Winn, R.A.
name: Watson, K.S.
name: Kilbourne, A.M.
name: Huebschmann, A.G.
name: Ogedegbe, G.
name: Davis, P.D.
name: Matthews, A.K.
name: Schoenthaler, A.
name: Truesdale, K.P.
name: Ladapo, J.
name: He, J.
name: Wali, S.
name: Kho, A.
name: Islam, N.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To describe the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease (DECIPHeR) Alliance to support late-stage implementation research aimed at reducing disparities in communities with high burdens of cardiovascular and/or pulmonary disease. Study Setting: NHBLI funded seven DECIPHeR studies and a Coordinating Center. Projects target high-risk diverse populations including racial and ethnic minorities, urban, rural, and low-income communities, disadvantaged children, and persons with serious mental illness. Two projects address multiple cardiovascular risk factors, three focus on hypertension, one on tobacco use, and one on pediatric asthma. Study Design: The initial phase supports planning activities for sustainable uptake of evidence-based interventions in targeted communities. The second phase tests late-stage evidence-based implementation strategies. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: Not applicable. Principal Findings: We provide an overview of the DECIPHeR Alliance and individual study designs, populations, and settings, implementation strategies, interventions, and outcomes. We describe the Alliance's organizational structure, designed to promote cross-center partnership and collaboration. Conclusions: The DECIPHeR Alliance represents an ambitious national effort to develop sustainable implementation of interventions to achieve cardiovascular and pulmonary health equity.
Unruh effect in a real scalar field with the Higgs type potential on the de Sitter space
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been predicted that an accelerating electron performs a Brownian motion in the inertial frame. This Brownian motion in the inertial frame has its roots in the interaction with the thermal excitation given by the Unruh effect in the accelerating frame. If such a prediction is possible, we correspondingly propose a prediction in this study that the thermal radiation appears in the inertial frame from an electron heated by the Unruh effect in the accelerating frame. The point in our prediction is, although the Unruh effect is only in the accelerating frame, if the appearance of the Brownian motion rooted in the Unruh effect in the inertial frame can be predicted, the heat that the particle gets in its body by the Unruh effect in the accelerating frame could survive in the inertial frame. Based on such a prediction, in this paper we investigate phenomena in the neighborhood of an accelerating electron in the inertial frame. The model we consider is the four-dimensional Klein-Gordon real scalar field model with the Higgs type potential term at the finite temperature identified with the Unruh temperature on the de Sitter space-time. We calculate the one-loop effective potential in the inertial frame with the corrections by the thermal radiation rooted in the Unruh effect in the accelerating frame. In this calculation, we take into account that the background space-time is deformed due to the field theory's corrected one-loop effective potential. Based on such an analysis, we illustrate the restoration of the spontaneous symmetry breaking and the variation of the background space-time, and we examine the accelerating particle's world-line and the amount of the energy corresponding to the change of the acceleration.
description: v3: 16 pages, 8 figures, version after published (description was improved)
Gender roles and acculturation: Relationships with cancer screening among Vietnamese American women.
Creators: name: Belgrave, Faye Z.
name: Nguyen, Anh B.
name: Clark, Trenette T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of demographic variables and the interplay between gender roles and acculturation on breast and cervical cancer screening outcomes among Vietnamese American women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 100 Vietnamese women from the Richmond, VA, metropolitan area. Women were recruited to participate in a larger cancer screening intervention. All participants completed measures on demographic variables, gender roles, acculturation, and cancer screening variables. Findings indicated that traditional masculine gender roles were associated with increased self-efficacy for breast and cervical cancer screening. Higher levels of acculturation were associated with higher probability of having had a Papanicolaou test. In addition, acculturation moderated the relationship between traditional female gender roles and cancer screening variables. For highly acculturated women, higher levels of feminine gender roles predicted higher probability of having had a previous clinical breast exam and higher levels of self-efficacy for cervical cancer screening, while the opposite was true for lower acculturated women. The findings of this study indicate the important roles that sociodemographic variables, gender roles, and acculturation play in affecting health attitudes and behaviors among Vietnamese women. These findings also help to identify a potentially high-risk subgroup and existing gaps that need to be targeted by preventive interventions.
Experiências coletivas no SUS
Creators: name: ANA EMÍLIA ARAÚJO DE OLIVEIRA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: A obra intitulada de “Experiências coletivas no SUS” é fruto da organização de pesquisas coordenadas pela pesquisadora Ana Emília Araújo de Oliveira. A publicação desse livro junto a Editora Acadêmica Periodicojs se encaixa no perfil de produção científica produzida pela editora que busca valorizar diversos pesquisadores por meio da publicação completa de seus pesquisas. A obra está sendo publicada na seção Tese e Dissertação da América Latina.Essa seção se destina a dar visibilidade a pesquisadores na região da América Latina por meio da publicação de obras autorais e obras organizadas por professores e pesquisadores dessa re-gião, a fim de abordar diversos temas correlatos e mostrar a grande variedade temática e cultural dos paises que compõem a America Latina.Essa obra organizada pela pesquisadora Ana Emília Araújo de Oliveira possui grande rele-vância ao destacar pesquisas fundamentais para se problematizar a atenção básica no Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil, a fim de se projetar políticas públicas cada mais acertivas e melhorar a saúde da população. Assim, com base em temas atuais e recorrentes, o leitor vai ter a chance de se aprofundar e crescer em conhecimento por meio das pesquisas produzidas.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Klicheva, Babura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The pharmaceutical industry, a critical component of global healthcare, is undergoing a transformative shift driven by digital technologies. This article explores how advancements such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain are revolutionizing various facets of the industry. From accelerating drug discovery and development through predictive analytics and personalized medicine to enhancing manufacturing processes and supply chain management with smart technologies and automation, digital innovations are reshaping the landscape. The integration of digital platforms in drug distribution and patient care, including telemedicine and mobile health applications, is improving access and adherence to treatment. However, the rapid evolution of these technologies also presents regulatory and ethical challenges that must be addressed.
Chill, be cool man: African American men, identity, coping, and aggressive ideation.
Creators: name: Kohn-Wood, Laura P.
name: Hammond, Wizdom Powell
name: Thomas, Alvin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Aggression is an important correlate of violence, depression, coping, and suicide among emerging young African American males. Yet most researchers treat aggression deterministically, fail to address cultural factors, or consider the potential for individual characteristics to exert an intersectional influence on this psychosocial outcome. Addressing this gap, we consider the moderating effect of coping on the relationship between masculine and racial identity and aggressive ideation among African American males (N = 128) drawn from 2 large Midwestern universities. Using the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory and person-centered methodology as a guide, hierarchical cluster analysis grouped participants into profile groups based on their responses to both a measure of racial identity and a measure of masculine identity. Results from the cluster analysis revealed 3 distinct identity clusters: Identity Ambivalent, Identity Appraising, and Identity Consolidated. Although these cluster groups did not differ with regard to coping, significant differences were observed between cluster groups in relation to aggressive ideation. Further, a full model with identity profile clusters, coping, and aggressive ideation indicates that cluster membership significantly moderates the relationship between coping and aggressive ideation. The implications of these data for intersecting identities of African American men, and the association of identity and outcomes related to risk for mental health and violence, are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Letrozole-induced endometrial preparation improved the pregnancy outcomes after frozen blastocyst transfer compared to the natural cycle: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ezoe, Kenji
name: Fukuda, Junichiro
name: Takeshima, Kazumi
name: Shinohara, Kazunori
name: Kato, Keiichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Flowchart illustrating the method of patient selection, including the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Dynamics of Greenhouse Gases (CH4 and CO2) in Meromictic Lake Burgsee, Germany
Creators: name: Fuchs, Andrea
name: Casper, Peter
name: Lewandowski, Jörg
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: meromictic lake
subject: sinkhole
subject: salinity
subject: greenhouse gases
subject: methane flux
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Extraordinary amounts of greenhouse gases can be stored within the monimolimnion of meromictic lakes, that is, in the water body which is excluded from mixing events. Lake Burgsee (Thuringia, Germany) is a shallow (depth <5 m) lake with a approximately 24 m deep sinkhole, which is fed by underground brine sources and has formed such a monimolimnion. We investigated the carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in this meromictic lake, from production potentials in the sediment via concentrations in the monimolimnion and mixolimnion to emissions to the atmosphere. In the monimolimnion, we found one of the highest methane concentrations (up to >5 mmol L−1) ever reported for a natural freshwater lake, while carbon dioxide concentrations in the water and methane production rates in the sediments were rather ordinary and within the range of holomictic eutrophic lakes. At the thermocline, gas concentrations accumulated to approximately 100 μmol L−1 CH4 and 80–230 μmol L−1 CO2. Estimated fluxes to the atmosphere reached considerable 3.5 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 1.5 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the sinkhole and 0.8 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 0.4 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the near‐by shallow lake center in 2018. Our results demonstrate that lakes in natural brine areas may provide significant storages and releases of greenhouse gases and require further investigation.
Sexual communication among married couples in the context of a microbicide clinical trial and acceptability study in Pune, India
Creators: name: Marlow, Heather M.
name: Kohli, Rewa
name: Tolley, Elizabeth E.
name: Mehendale, Sanjay
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Previous research in India indicates that there is little communication within marriage about sex. Lack of communication about safe sexual behaviours may increase couples’ vulnerability to HIV. This study explores couple level sexual communication and socio-cultural norms that influence couples’ communication about sex and its implications for HIV prevention. Data derive from in-depth interviews at two points in time with 10 couples. Secondary qualitative analyses of the interviews were conducted using inductive and deductive coding techniques. Half of the couples described improved communication about sex and HIV and AIDS after participation in the clinical trial and/or acceptability study, as well as increased sexual activity, improved relationships by alleviating doubts about their partner’s fidelity and forgiving their partners. The findings show that creating safe spaces for couples where they can ask frank questions about HIV and AIDS, sex and sexuality potentially can improve couples’ communication about sex and reduce their risk for HIV infection.
Numerical construction of initial data for Einstein's equations with static extension to space-like infinity
Creators: name: Doulis, Georgios
name: Rinne, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a numerical method to construct Cauchy data extending to space-like infinity based on Corvino's (2000) gluing method. Adopting the setting of Giulini and Holzegel (2005), we restrict ourselves here to vacuum axisymmetric spacetimes and glue a Schwarzschildean end to Brill-Lindquist data describing two non-rotating black holes. Our numerical implementation is based on pseudo-spectral methods, and we carry out extensive convergence tests to check the validity of our numerical results. We also investigate the dependence of the total ADM mass on the details of the gluing construction.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures. Agrees with the published version
Additional file 3 of Letrozole-induced endometrial preparation improved the pregnancy outcomes after frozen blastocyst transfer compared to the natural cycle: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ezoe, Kenji
name: Fukuda, Junichiro
name: Takeshima, Kazumi
name: Shinohara, Kazunori
name: Kato, Keiichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 1. P-values of univariate logistic regression analysis between confounders and outcomes Supplementary Table 2. Embryonic outcomes stratified by the ovarian stimulation method Supplementary Table 3. Pregnancy outcomes after SVBT in natural and letrozole cycles, stratified by the female age Supplementary Table 4. Congenital anomalies stratified by the ovarian stimulation method.
‘If I buy the Kellogg's then he should [buy] the milk’: young women's perspectives on relationship dynamics, gender power and HIV risk in Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: MacPhail, Catherine
name: Anderson, Althea D.
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Ideals of masculinity and femininity may limit South African women’s decision making power in relationships and increase their risk of HIV infection. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with 18-24 year old women in inner-city Johannesburg with the aim of understanding young women’s expectations of intimate relationships with men, their perceptions of gender and power, and how this influences HIV risk. We found that the majority of young women reported expectations of power in relationships that conform to a model of femininity marked by financial independence, freedom to make decisions, including over sexuality, and equality (resistant femininity). The majority of young women, however, were in relationships marked by intimate partner violence, infidelity or lack of condom use. In spite of this, more young women who subscribed to a resistant model of femininity were in less risky relationships than young women who subscribed to acquiescent models, in which power was vested in their male partners. Further, young women who subscribed to resistant femininity had more education than women who subscribed to an acquiescent model. The disconnect between expectations of relationships and young women’s lived realities emphasises the need for structural changes that afford women greater economic and thus decision making power.
Multi-particle critical correlations
Creators: name: Santos, Andrés
name: Piasecki, Jaroslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of multi-particle spatial correlations in the appearance of a liquid-vapour critical point. Our analysis is based on the exact infinite hierarchy of equations relating spatial integrals of $(k+1)$-particle correlations to the $k$-particle ones and their derivatives with respect to the density. Critical exponents corresponding to generalized compressibility equations resulting from the hierarchy are shown to grow linearly with the order of correlations. We prove that the critical behaviour requires taking into account correlation functions of arbitrary order. It is however only a necessary condition. Indeed, approximate closures of the hierarchy obtained by expressing higher order correlations in terms of lower order ones (Kirkwood's superposition approximation and its generalizations) turn out to be inconsistent with the critical behaviour.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor changes
Javalbia punya Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Aturidae
Javalbia
Javalbia punya

description: Javalbia punya Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Streams.
Distribution: India, Indonesia.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
On the rationality and continuity of logarithmic growth filtration of solutions of $p$-adic differential equations
Creators: name: Ohkubo, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of Frobenius equations defined over the ring of overconvergent series. As an application, we prove Chiarellotto-Tsuzuki's conjecture on the rationality and right continuity of Dwork's logarithmic growth filtrations associated to ordinary linear $p$-adic differential equations with Frobenius structures.
description: 26 pages; v3: refereed version, to appear in Advances in Mathematics
Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Rotating Discs Made of Functionally Graded Materials
Creators: name: Eldeeb, Ahmed
name: Y. M. Shabana
name: Elsawaf, A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91205 Functional Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, a numerical solution using finite difference method is provided to evaluate the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of nonuniform thickness rotating annular discs made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The plane stress geometrical conditions are considered and the disc is assumed to be composed of three layers that are perfectly-bonded. The inner layer is metallic and the outer layer is ceramic, whereas the intermediate layer is chosen to form FGM. The material properties of the intermediate layer are assumed to vary in the radial direction according to a power-law. The stress-strain model of the disc material and von Mises yielding criterion are considered in order to evaluate the elasto-plastic behaviour. For validating the proposed approach, the obtained results are compared with others available in the literature and satisfactory agreements are acquired. Finally, the effects of various geometrical and operational parameters on the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of the FGM disc are investigated.
Amigos and amistades : the role of men's social network ties in shaping HIV vulnerability in the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Perez, Martha
name: Fleming, Paul J.
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Barrington, Clare
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: While men’s social networks have been identified as a source of influence on sexual behaviour, less is known about the different types of friendship ties within men’s networks. We analysed data from qualitative in-depth interviews with 36 men in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic who were current or former sexual partners of female sex workers to understand how a) men describe trust and communication with different types of friendship ties, b) characteristics of trust and communication reflect norms of masculinity, and c) these friendship ties influence HIV-related behaviours. We identified a distinction between amistades, social drinking buddies who are not trusted, and amigos, trusted friends. The majority of men lacked any amigos and some had neither amigos nor amistades. In general, men reflected traditional norms of masculinity and said they did not feel they could discuss their relationships or emotional topics with other men. Trust and communication dynamics, and how norms of masculinity shape those dynamics, should be understood and addressed in the design of HIV prevention efforts with men’s social networks as they have implications for the potential effectiveness of such efforts.
A multigrid scheme for 3D Monge-Ampère equations
Creators: name: Liu, Jun
name: Froese, Brittany D.
name: Oberman, Adam M.
name: Xiao, Mingqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N06, 65N22, 65N55, 65N12

description: The elliptic Monge-Ampère equation is a fully nonlinear partial differential equation which has been the focus of increasing attention from the scientific computing community. Fast three dimensional solvers are needed, for example in medical image registration but are not yet available. We build fast solvers for smooth solutions in three dimensions using a nonlinear full-approximation storage multigrid method. Starting from a second-order accurate centered finite difference approximation, we present a nonlinear Gauss-Seidel iterative method which has a mechanism for selecting the convex solution of the equation. The iterative method is used as an effective smoother, combined with the full-approximation storage multigrid method. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the accuracy of the finite difference scheme and illustrate the computational efficiency of the proposed multigrid solver.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, 7 tables, 41 references. Accepted by International Journal of Computer Mathematics (published online: 21 Nov 2016)
Diversity of plant DNA in stool is linked to dietary quality, age, and household income
Creators: name: Rawlsa, J.F.
name: Tenekjian, C.B.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Jiang, S.
name: Scialla, J.J.
name: Aqeel, A.
name: McCann, J.R.
name: Seed, P.C.
name: Yancy, W.S.
name: Durand, H.K.
name: Lin, P.-H.
name: Armstrong, S.C.
name: Dressman, H.K.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Petrone, B.L.
name: Dallow, E.P.
name: Davida, L.A.
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2023

description: Eating a varied diet is a central tenet of good nutrition. Here, we develop a molecular tool to quantify human dietary plant diversity by applying DNA metabarcoding with the chloroplast trnL-P6 marker to 1,029 fecal samples from 324 participants across two interventional feeding studies and three observational cohorts. The number of plant taxa per sample (plant metabarcoding richness or pMR) correlated with recorded intakes in interventional diets and with indices calculated from a food frequency questionnaire in typical diets (δ = 0.40 to 0.63). In adolescents unable to collect validated dietary survey data, trnL metabarcoding detected 111 plant taxa, with 86 consumed by more than one individual and four (wheat, chocolate, corn, and potato family) consumed by <70% of individuals. Adolescent pMR was associated with age and household income, replicating prior epidemiologic findings. Overall, trnL metabarcoding promises an objective and accurate measure of the number and types of plants consumed that is applicable to diverse human populations.
Concerns about partner infidelity are a barrier to adoption of HIV-prevention strategies among young South African couples
Creators: name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: MacPhail, Catherine
name: Parker, Lisa
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Sibeko, Jabu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: As part of a larger study to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a couples-based HIV-prevention intervention, we conducted formative in-depth interviews with 10 couples to explore topics such as challenges in practising safer sex, HIV-prevention strategies, gender power and violence, and issues of trust and infidelity. In this study, both men and women perceived infidelity as ubiquitous in their social context and were therefore unable to discuss HIV risk and prevention without suspicions of infidelity in their own relationship. This impacted couples’ ability openly and effectively to discuss strategies to prevent HIV and thus may have contributed to the limited uptake of HIV-prevention strategies, such as condom use and HIV testing. The contentious nature of safe-sex discussions placed both members of the couple at a higher risk for HIV acquisition within the partnership. This study sheds light on how existing relationship norms in South Africa influence HIV-prevention communication within couples and suggests that new ways of approaching conflictual issues such as mistrust and infidelity are vital in order for HIV-prevention programmes to succeed.
Debe cuidarse en la calle : normative influences on condom use among the steady male partners of female sex workers in the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Barrington, Clare
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Encouragement to use condoms reflects the injunctive norm, or idea that you should use condoms. In our previous research with the regular male partners of female sex workers in the Dominican Republic, we found that encouragement to use condoms with female sex workers from individuals in their personal social networks was not directly associated with condom use. In the current study, we used qualitative interviews to further explore the influence of social network norms on men's sexual risk behaviours. We interviewed eleven steady male partners of female sex workers; participants completed two interviews to achieve greater depth. We analysed data using analytic summaries and systematic thematic coding. All men perceived that the prevailing injunctive norm was that they should use condoms with sex workers. Men received encouragement to use condoms but did not articulate a link between this encouragement and condom use. Additionally, men who did not use condoms lied to their friends to avoid social sanction. Findings highlight that the influence of a pro-condom injunctive norm is not always health promoting and can even be negative. HIV prevention efforts seeking to promote condom use should address the alignment between injunctive and descriptive norms to strengthen their collective influence on behaviour.
Note on a Family of Monotone Quantum Relative Entropies
Creators: name: Deuchert, Andreas
name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a convex function $φ$ and two hermitian matrices $A$ and $B$, Lewin and Sabin study in [M. Lewin, J. Sabin, {\it A Family of Monotone Quantum Relative Entropies}, Lett. Math. Phys. \textbf{104} (2014), 691-705.] the relative entropy defined by $\mathcal{H}(A,B)=\text{Tr} [ φ(A) - φ(B) - φ'(B)(A-B) ]$. Amongst other things, they prove that the so-defined quantity is monotone if and only if $φ'$ is operator monotone. The monotonicity is then used to properly define $\mathcal{H}(A,B)$ for self-adjoint bounded operators acting on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space by a limiting procedure. More precisely, for an increasing sequence of finite-dimensional projections $\lbrace P_n \rbrace_{n=1}^{\infty}$ with $P_n \to 1$ strongly, the limit $\lim_{n \to \infty} \mathcal{H}(P_n A P_n, P_n B P_n)$ is shown to exist and to be independent of the sequence of projections $\lbrace P_n \rbrace_{n=1}^{\infty}$. The question whether this sequence converges to its "obvious" limit, namely $\text{Tr} [ φ(A)- φ(B) - φ'(B)(A-B) ]$, has been left open. We answer this question in principle affirmatively and show that $\lim_{n \to \infty} \mathcal{H}(P_n A P_n, P_n B P_n) = \text{Tr}[ φ(A) - φ(B) - \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d} α} φ( αA + (1-α)B )|_{α= 0} ]$. If the operators $A$ and $B$ are regular enough, that is $(A-B)$, $φ(A)-φ(B)$ and $φ'(B)(A-B)$ are trace-class, the identity $\text{Tr}[ φ(A) - φ(B) - \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d} α} φ( αA + (1-α)B )|_{α= 0} ] = \text{Tr} [ φ(A)- φ(B) - φ'(B)(A-B) ]$ holds.
description: 21 pages
Additional file 1 of Combining tau-PET and fMRI meta-analyses for patient-centered prediction of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Biel, Davina
name: Luan, Ying
name: Brendel, Matthias
name: Hager, Paul
name: Dewenter, Anna
name: Moscoso, Alexis
name: Otero Svaldi, Diana
name: Higgins, Ixavier A.
name: Pontecorvo, Michael
name: Römer, Sebastian
name: Steward, Anna
name: Rubinski, Anna
name: Zheng, Lukai
name: Schöll, Michael
name: Shcherbinin, Sergey
name: Ewers, Michael
name: Franzmeier, Nicolai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional methods and results.
Contamination within trials of community-based public health interventions: lessons from the HENRY feasibility study
Creators: name: Stevens, J.
name: Schofield, H.
name: Bryant, M.
name: Burton, W.
name: Farrin, A.
name: Collinson, M.
name: Roberts, V.L.
name: Rutter, H.
name: Stamp, E.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Contamination occurs when participants allocated to trial control arms receive elements of the active intervention. Randomisation at cluster level, rather than individual level, may reduce or eliminate contamination, avoiding the dilution of intervention effectiveness that it may cause. However, cluster randomisation can result in selection bias and may not be feasible to deliver. We explored the extent of contamination in a qualitative study nested within a feasibility study of HENRY (Health, Exercise and Nutrition for the Really Young); a UK community-based child obesity prevention programme. We aimed to determine the nature and impact of contamination to inform a larger planned trial and other trials in community based public health settings. Method: We invited participants to take part in the nested qualitative study who were already involved in the HENRY feasibility study. Semi-structured interviews/focus groups were conducted with children’s centre managers (n=7), children’s centre staff (n=15), and parents (n=29). Data were transcribed and analysed using an integrative approach. First, deductively organised using a framework guided by the topic guide and then organised using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Potential for contamination between treatment arms was recognised by all stakeholder groups. Staff within the intervention centres presented the greatest risk of contamination, predominantly because they were often asked to work in other children centre’s (including control group centres). ‘Sharing of best practice’ by staff was reported to be a common and desirable phenomenon within community based settings. Parental sharing of HENRY messages was reported inconsistently; though some parents indicated a high degree of knowledge transfer within their immediate circles. Conclusions: The extent of contamination identified has influenced the design of a future effectiveness trial of HENRY which will be clustered at the centre level (with geographically distinct clusters). The common practice of knowledge sharing amongst community teams means that this clustering approach is also likely to be most suitable for other trials based within these settings. We provide recommendations (e.g. cluster randomisation, training intervention facilitators on implications of contamination) to help reduce the impact of contamination in public health intervention trials with or without clustering, whilst enabling transfer of knowledge where appropriate. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03333733 registered 6th November 2017
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСНОВ РЕЗЕКЦИИ ТОЛСТОЙ КИШКИ У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Раупов, Фарход
name: Саидова, Нигора
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Хирургической коррекции часто подлежит врожденные и приобретенные патологии ободочной кишки у детей, которые сопровождаются резекции той или иной части кишечника. Несмотря на выработанную стратегию по отношении резекции толстой кишки, послеоперационные осложнения остаются предметом дискуссии отечественных и зарубежных специалистов, что заставляет искать причину неудачных результатов и указывает на наличие недостатков в критериях резекций. Усовершенствование методик оперативных вмешательств с учетом анатомо – физиологических особенностей ободочной кишки является одним из перспективных направлений исследований.
Minimally entangled typical thermal states versus matrix product purifications for the simulation of equilibrium states and time evolution
Creators: name: Binder, Moritz
name: Barthel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the simulation of equilibrium states and finite-temperature response functions of strongly-correlated quantum many-body systems, we compare the efficiencies of two different approaches in the framework of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). The first is based on matrix product purifications. The second, more recent one, is based on so-called minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS). For the latter, we highlight the interplay of statistical and DMRG truncation errors, discuss the use of self-averaging effects, and describe schemes for the computation of response functions. For critical as well as gapped phases of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain and the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, we assess the computation costs and accuracies of the two methods at different temperatures. For almost all considered cases, we find that, for the same computation cost, purifications yield more accurate results than METTS -- often by orders of magnitude. The METTS algorithm becomes more efficient only for temperatures well below the system's energy gap. The exponential growth of the computation cost in the evaluation of response functions limits the attainable timescales in both methods and we find that in this regard, METTS do not outperform purifications.
description: 12 pages + 4 pages appendix, 12 figures; minor improvements of data and text; published version
A highly scalable massively parallel fast marching method for the Eikonal equation
Creators: name: Yang, Jianming
name: Stern, Frederick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast marching method is a widely used numerical method for solving the Eikonal equation arising from a variety of scientific and engineering fields. It is long deemed inherently sequential and an efficient parallel algorithm applicable to large-scale practical applications is not available in the literature. In this study, we present a highly scalable massively parallel implementation of the fast marching method using a domain decomposition approach. Central to this algorithm is a novel restarted narrow band approach that coordinates the frequency of communications and the amount of computations extra to a sequential run for achieving an unprecedented parallel performance. Within each restart, the narrow band fast marching method is executed; simple synchronous local exchanges and global reductions are adopted for communicating updated data in the overlapping regions between neighboring subdomains and getting the latest front status, respectively. The independence of front characteristics is exploited through special data structures and augmented status tags to extract the masked parallelism within the fast marching method. The efficiency, flexibility, and applicability of the parallel algorithm are demonstrated through several examples. These problems are extensively tested on six grids with up to 1 billion points using different numbers of processes ranging from 1 to 65536. Remarkable parallel speedups are achieved using tens of thousands of processes. Detailed pseudo-codes for both the sequential and parallel algorithms are provided to illustrate the simplicity of the parallel implementation and its similarity to the sequential narrow band fast marching algorithm.
description: v1 submitted to Journal of Computational Physics on January 12, 2015. v2 submitted to Journal of Computational Physics on April 18, 2016. v3 accepted by Journal of Computational Physics (corrected proof). Available online 14 December 2016, ISSN 0021-9991, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021999116306659
The association of Step-based metrics and adiposity in the Hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Creators: name: Pirzada, A.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Daviglus, M.
name: Schilsky, S.
name: Evenson, K.R.
name: Sotres-Alvarez, D.
name: Rosamond, W.D.
name: Heiss, G.
name: Butera, N.
name: Cai, J.
name: Carlson, J.A.
name: LeCroy, M.N.
name: Cuthbertson, C.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Objective: Examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of accelerometer measured step volume (steps/day) and cadence with adiposity and six-year changes in adiposity in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Methods: HCHS/SOL's target population was 60% female with a mean age of 41 years. Cross-sectional (n = 12,353) and longitudinal analyses (n = 9,077) leveraged adjusted complex survey regression models to examine associations between steps/day, and cadence with weight (kg), waist circumference (cm) and body mass index (kg/m2). Effect measure modification by covariates was examined. Results: Lower steps/day and intensity was associated with higher adiposity at baseline. Compared to those in the highest quartile of steps/day those in the lowest quartile have 1.42 95% CI (1.19, 1.70) times the odds of obesity. Compared to those in the highest categories of cadence step-based metrics, those in the lowest categories had a 1.62 95% CI (1.36, 1.93), 2.12 95% CI (1.63, 2.75) and 1.41 95% CI (1.16, 1.70) odds of obesity for peak 30-minute cadence, brisk walking and faster ambulation and bouts of purposeful steps and faster ambulation, respectively. Compared to those with the highest stepping cadences, those with the slowest peak 30-minute cadence and fewest minutes in bouts of purposeful steps and faster ambulation had 0.72 95% CI (0.57, 0.89) and 0.82 95% CI (0.60, 1.14) times the odds of gaining weight, respectively. Conclusion: Inverse cross-sectional relationships were found for steps/day and cadence and adiposity. Over a six-year period, higher step intensity but not volume was associated with higher odds of gaining weight.
Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Rotating Discs Made of Functionally Graded Materials
Creators: name: Eldeeb, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91205 Functional Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, a numerical solution using finite difference method is provided to evaluate the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of nonuniform thickness rotating annular discs made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The plane stress geometrical conditions are considered and the disc is assumed to be composed of three layers that are perfectly-bonded. The inner layer is metallic and the outer layer is ceramic, whereas the intermediate layer is chosen to form FGM. The material properties of the intermediate layer are assumed to vary in the radial direction according to a power-law. The stress-strain model of the disc material and von Mises yielding criterion are considered in order to evaluate the elasto-plastic behaviour. For validating the proposed approach, the obtained results are compared with others available in the literature and satisfactory agreements are acquired. Finally, the effects of various geometrical and operational parameters on the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of the FGM disc are investigated.
Impact of paediatric onset primary sclerosing cholangitis on clinical course and outcome of inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control population-based study in Finland
Creators: name: Tenca, Andrea
name: Jaakkola, Tytti
name: Färkkilä, Martti
name: Arola, Johanna
name: Kaija-Leena Kolho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Introduction and aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of a paediatric onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a cohort of subjects with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and in a matched-age population-based control group without PSC. Methods: We identified 28 IBD-PSC cases (median age at IBD diagnosis 12.5 years, 25–75th: 10–16 years) and selected three IBD controls for each case matched for age and year of IBD diagnosis. All data regarding the gastrointestinal tract and liver were collected at diagnosis and at last follow-up (median 15 years). Results: At diagnosis the prevalence of pancolitis was similar between the groups (78% and 79%, respectively p = –.30), but histologic inflammation was milder in IBD-PSC (61% vs 30%, p = .06). At last follow-up (median age 29 years) pancolitis was less frequent (6% and 33%, respectively p = .04) and the remission higher (76% and 47%, respectively p = .08) in IBD-PSC patients than in IBD patients. Panproctolectomy (32% in IBD-PSC and 34% in IBD, p = 1.0) and the rate of pouchitis (62% and 70%, respectively p = .8) were similar. Conclusions: The outcome of paediatric onset IBD in patients with PSC in adulthood seems to be comparable to those with IBD only.
Migration and HIV risk: life histories of Mexican-born men living with HIV in North Carolina
Creators: name: Barrington, Clare
name: Mann, Lilli
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.
name: Valera, Erik
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Latino men in the Southeastern USA are disproportionately affected by HIV, but little is known about how the migration process influences HIV-related risk. In North Carolina (NC), a relatively new immigrant destination, Latino men are predominantly young and from Mexico. We conducted 31 iterative life history interviews with 15 Mexican-born men living with HIV. We used holistic content narrative analysis methods to examine HIV vulnerability in the context of migration and to identify important turning points. Major themes included the prominence of traumatic early life experiences, migration as an ongoing process rather than a finite event, and HIV diagnosis as a final turning point in migration trajectories. Findings provide a nuanced understanding of HIV vulnerability throughout the migration process and have implications including the need for bi-national HIV prevention approaches, improved outreach around early testing and linkage to care, and attention to mental health.
Dynamical probe of thermodynamical properties in three-dimensional hairy AdS black holes
Creators: name: Zou, De-Cheng
name: Liu, Yunqi
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study separatively the quasinormal modes (QNM) of electromagnetic perturbations around three-dimensional anti-de Sitter(AdS) black holes in Jordan and Einstein frames, which are related by the conformal transformations and a redefinition of a scalar field. We find that, in the Jordan frame, the imaginary parts of QNM frequencies can reflect the thermodynamical stabilities of hairy black holes, including the possible phase transition between the hairy black hole and BTZ black hole, disclosed by examining the corresponding free energies. Similar results are also uncovered in the Einstein frame. The obtained results further support that the QNM can be a dynamic probe of the thermodynamic properties in black holes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, corrected version to appear in Europhysics Letters