cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Canonical Formalism for a 2n-Dimensional Model with Topological Mass Generation
Creators: name: Deguchi, Shinichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four-dimensional model with topological mass generation that was found by Dvali, Jackiw and Pi has recently been generalized to any even number of dimensions (2n-dimensions) in a nontrivial manner in which a Stueckelberg-type mass term is introduced [S. Deguchi and S. Hayakawa, Phys. Rev. D 77, 045003 (2008), arXiv:0711.1446]. The present paper deals with a self-contained model, called here a modified hybrid model, proposed in this 2n-dimensional generalization and considers the canonical formalism for this model. For the sake of convenience, the canonical formalism itself is studied for a model equivalent to the modified hybrid model by following the recipe for treating constrained Hamiltonian systems. This formalism is applied to the canonical quantization of the equivalent model in order to clarify observable and unobservable particles in the model. The equivalent model (with a gauge-fixing term) is converted to the modified hybrid model (with a corresponding gauge-fixing term) in a Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)-invariant manner. Thereby it is shown that the Chern-Pontryagin density behaves as an observable massive particle (or field). The topological mass generation is thus verified at the quantum-theoretical level.
description: 29 pages, no figures, minor corrections, published version
Assessing the Effectiveness of On-Farm Mitigation Actions
Creators: name: McAleer, Annabel
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: This research summary describes how effective on-farm mitigations have been so far, by comparing losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediment in 1995 and 2015. It also models what would be possible for future water quality in 2035 if every farm in New Zealand adopted every known mitigation. This information is crucial to helping farmers in degraded catchments decide whether to continue investing in mitigation actions or consider making changes to land use or land-use intensity.
Key points:

Our rivers would be in much worse condition today if farmers had not adopted better practices between 1995 and 2015.
Significantly more nitrogen (45% more) and phosphorus (98% more) would have entered rivers from dairy-farmed land between 1995 and 2015 if farmers hadn't changed their practices.
On sheep and beef farmed land, 30% more sediment would have entered rivers between 1995 and 2015 if farmers hadn't their practices.
Researchers estimated that if all known and developing mitigation actions were implemented by all dairy and sheep and beef farmers by 2035, potential loads of nitrogen and phosphorus entering rivers might decrease by one-third, and sediment by two-thirds, compared to 2015. For many catchments, this will be enough to meet current water quality objectives.
 Research Findings Brief prepared by Our Land and Water
Probing Intergalactic Magnetic Fields in the GLAST Era through Pair Echo Emission from TeV Blazars
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
name: Inoue, Susumu
name: Ichiki, Kiyomoto
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than a dozen blazars are known to be emitters of multi-TeV gamma rays, often with strong and rapid flaring activity. By interacting with photons of the cosmic microwave and infrared backgrounds, these gamma rays inevitably produce electron-positron pairs, which in turn radiate secondary inverse Compton gamma rays in the GeV-TeV range with a characteristic time delay that depends on the properties of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). For sufficiently weak IGMF, such "pair echo" emission may be detectable by the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), providing valuable information on the IGMF. We perform detailed calculations of the time-dependent spectra of pair echos from flaring TeV blazars such as Mrk 501 and PKS 2155-304, taking proper account of the echo geometry and other crucial effects. In some cases, the presence of a weak but non-zero IGMF may enhance the detectability of echos. We discuss the quantitative constraints that can be imposed on the IGMF from GLAST observations, including the case of non-detections.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, minor revisions, accepted for publication in APJL
Effect of environmental spins on Landau-Zener transitions
Creators: name: Garanin, D. A.
name: Neb, R.
name: Schilling, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions of a two-level system (e. g., electronic spin in molecular magnets) coupled to one or many environmental spins (e. g., nuclear spins) are studied. For rather general interactions the LZ problem is reduced to that of a Landau-Zener grid. It is shown analytically that environmental spins initially in their ground state do not influence the staying probability P. This changes if they are prepared in a statistical ensemble. For a more specific model with environmental spins in a transverse field, LZ transitions are studied in the case of well-separated resonances in the LZ grid. The full evolution of the system is described as a succession of elemenary transitions at avoided crossings and free evolution between them. If the environmental spins are strongly coupled to the central spin, their effect on P is weak. In other cases LZ transitions are strongly suppressed and P is decreasing very slowly with the sweep-rate parameter epsilon ~ 1/v, v being the energy sweep rate.
description: 12 PR pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRB
Refined analysis of photon leptoproduction off spinless target
Creators: name: Belitsky, Andrei V.
name: Mueller, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the differential cross section for real photon electroproduction off spinless hadron which sevres as a main probe of the hadrons structure via the concept of generalized parton distributions. Compared to previously available computations performed with twist-three power accuracy, we exactly accounted for all kinematical effects in hadron mass and momentum transfer which arise from leptonic helicity amplitudes. We performed numerical studies of these kinematical effects and demonstrated that in the valence quark region and rather low virtualities of the hard photon which sets the factorization scale, the available approximate results significantly overestimate the cross section rates in comparison to exact formulas.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures
Heavy elements in barium stars
Creators: name: Roriz, M. P.
name: Lugaro, M.
name: Pereira, C. B.
name: Sneden, C.
name: Junqueira, S.
name: Karakas, A. I.
name: Drake, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New elemental abundances for the neutron-capture elements Sr, Nb, Mo, Ru, La, Sm, and Eu are presented for a large sample of 180 barium (Ba) giant stars, a class of chemically peculiar objects that exhibit in their spectra enhancements of the elements created by the $s$-process, as a consequence of mass transfer between the components of a binary system. The content of heavy elements in these stars, in fact, points to nucleosynthesis mechanisms that took place within a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion, now an invisible white dwarf. From high-resolution ($R=48000$) spectra in the optical, we derived the abundances either by equivalent width measurements or synthetic spectra computations, and compared them with available data for field giant and dwarf stars in the same range of metallicity. A re-determination of La abundances resulted in [La/Fe] ratios up to 1.2 dex lower than values previously reported in literature. The program Ba stars show overabundance of neutron-capture elements, except for Eu, for which the observational data set behave similarly to field stars. Comparison to model predictions are satisfactory for second-to-first $s$-process peak ratios (e.g., [La/Sr]) and the ratios of the predominantly $r$-process element Eu to La. However, the observed [Nb,Mo,Ru/Sr] and [Ce,Nd,Sm/La] ratios show median values higher or at the upper limits of the ranges of the model predictions. This unexplained feature calls for new neutron capture models to be investigated.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multilingual Medical Question Answering and Information Retrieval for Rural Health Intelligence Access
Creators: name: Vinod, Vishal
name: Agrawal, Susmit
name: Gaurav, Vipul
name: R, Pallavi
name: Choudhary, Savita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In rural regions of several developing countries, access to quality healthcare, medical infrastructure, and professional diagnosis is largely unavailable. Many of these regions are gradually gaining access to internet infrastructure, although not with a strong enough connection to allow for sustained communication with a medical practitioner. Several deaths resulting from this lack of medical access, absence of patient's previous health records, and the unavailability of information in indigenous languages can be easily prevented. In this paper, we describe an approach leveraging the phenomenal progress in Machine Learning and NLP (Natural Language Processing) techniques to design a model that is low-resource, multilingual, and a preliminary first-point-of-contact medical assistant. Our contribution includes defining the NLP pipeline required for named-entity-recognition, language-agnostic sentence embedding, natural language translation, information retrieval, question answering, and generative pre-training for final query processing. We obtain promising results for this pipeline and preliminary results for EHR (Electronic Health Record) analysis with text summarization for medical practitioners to peruse for their diagnosis. Through this NLP pipeline, we aim to provide preliminary medical information to the user and do not claim to supplant diagnosis from qualified medical practitioners. Using the input from subject matter experts, we have compiled a large corpus to pre-train and fine-tune our BioBERT based NLP model for the specific tasks. We expect recent advances in NLP architectures, several of which are efficient and privacy-preserving models, to further the impact of our solution and improve on individual task performance.
SAFRAN: An interpretable, rule-based link prediction method outperforming embedding models
Creators: name: Ott, Simon
name: Meilicke, Christian
name: Samwald, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural embedding-based machine learning models have shown promise for predicting novel links in knowledge graphs. Unfortunately, their practical utility is diminished by their lack of interpretability. Recently, the fully interpretable, rule-based algorithm AnyBURL yielded highly competitive results on many general-purpose link prediction benchmarks. However, current approaches for aggregating predictions made by multiple rules are affected by redundancies. We improve upon AnyBURL by introducing the SAFRAN rule application framework, which uses a novel aggregation approach called Non-redundant Noisy-OR that detects and clusters redundant rules prior to aggregation. SAFRAN yields new state-of-the-art results for fully interpretable link prediction on the established general-purpose benchmarks FB15K-237, WN18RR and YAGO3-10. Furthermore, it exceeds the results of multiple established embedding-based algorithms on FB15K-237 and WN18RR and narrows the gap between rule-based and embedding-based algorithms on YAGO3-10.
A review of activity recording systems in community health nursing
Creators: name: Kretzmar, Philip Terence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of activity data in the management of community health nursing services. The study begins by examining what community health nurses do. Particular attention is given to the management structure in community health nursing. The kinds of information that individuals at different levels in the organization of community health nursing require, are investigated. One of these kinds of information is activity data. Thus, the role that activity data can play for those at each organizational level is explored. Various factors that can influence the usefulness of activity data are examined. The conceptual and functional features of six provincial and one federal activity recording system are analyzed. This is followed by a more detailed study of a particular system, the Alberta Community Nursing Activities Recording System. In reviewing the systems analyzed, the study finds that a common model for activity recording systems cannot be derived. Objectives are found to be so vaguely defined that the evaluation of an activity recording system is forced to rely largely on the subjective feelings of the systems users. Having examined some perceived alternatives to current systems, it is felt that a thorough revision of presently operating systems should be undertaken.
Alterity and kinship: co-writing posthumanist speculative nonfiction with AI
Creators: name: Bardzell, Jeffrey
name: Ghajargar, Maliheh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
As a response to the climate crisis, scholarly literature has introduced new theoretical perspectives, such as posthumanism, which seek to reimagine the relationships between humans and nonhuman others, including environments, animals, and plants. Reimagining these relationships depends in large part on our ability to engage nonhumans in their otherness, or alterity, but doing so is challenging. Responding to calls throughout posthuman literature for experimental new modes of imaginative encounter with nonhumans, and inspired by speculative traditions from literature to design, we devise a methodology involving “creative experiments” aimed at disrupting, decentering, and disorienting the human-centered thinking that interferes with humans’ ability to perceive and engage with nonhumans as kin. Simultaneously deploying a number of disruptive tactics—including co-writing with generative AI; working within non-fiction genres that do not exist; to imaginatively express, rather than represent, organisms that can not speak; concerning their experiences of a non-verbal form (music)—we contribute a methodology of speculative writing with AI in pursuit of the secret life of plants.
Scaling Identities for Solitons beyond Derrick's Theorem
Creators: name: Manton, Nicholas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New integral identities satisfied by topological solitons in a range of classical field theories are presented. They are derived by considering independent length rescalings in orthogonal directions, or equivalently, from the conservation of the stress tensor. These identities are refinements of Derrick's theorem.
description: 10 pages
Feasibility of Modeling Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Communication Signals with Unsupervised Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Sklar, Jack
name: Wunderlich, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: High-quality recordings of radio frequency (RF) emissions from commercial communication hardware in realistic environments are often needed to develop and assess spectrum-sharing technologies and practices, e.g., for training and testing spectrum sensing algorithms and for interference testing. Unfortunately, the time-consuming, expensive nature of such data collections together with data-sharing restrictions pose significant challenges that limit data set availability. Furthermore, developing accurate models of real-world RF emissions from first principles is often very difficult because system parameters and implementation details are at best only partially known, and complex system dynamics are difficult to characterize. Hence, there is a need for flexible, data-driven methods that can leverage existing data sets to synthesize additional similar waveforms. One promising machine-learning approach is unsupervised deep generative modeling with generative adversarial networks (GANs). To date, GANs for RF communication signals have not been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we present the first in-depth investigation of generated signal fidelity for GANs trained with baseband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, where each subcarrier is digitally modulated with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Building on prior GAN methods, we developed two novel GAN models and evaluated their performance using simulated data sets with known ground truth. Specifically, we investigated model performance with respect to increasing data set complexity over a range of OFDM parameters and conditions, including fading channels. The findings presented here inform the feasibility of use cases and provide a foundation for further investigations into deep generative models for RF communication signals.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
CP Violation in the SUSY Seesaw: Leptogenesis and Low Energy
Creators: name: Davidson, Sacha
name: Garayoa, Julia
name: Palorini, Federica
name: Rius, Nuria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suppose that the baryon asymmetry is produced by thermal leptogenesis (with flavour effects), at temperatures $\sim 10^{9} - 10^{10}$ GeV, in the supersymmetric seesaw with universal and real soft terms. The parameter space is restricted by assuming that $l_α\to l_βγ$ processes will be seen in upcoming experiments. We study the sensitivity of the baryon asymmetry to the phases of the lepton mixing matrix, and find that leptogenesis can work for any value of the phases. We also estimate the contribution to the electric dipole moment of the electron, arising from the seesaw, and find that it is (just) beyond the sensitivity of next generation experiments ($\lsim 10^{-29} e$ cm). The fourteen dimensional parameter space is efficiently explored with a Monte Carlo Markov Chain, which concentrates on the regions of interest.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Semi-regular red giants as distance indicators I. The period-luminosity relations of semi-regular variables revisited
Creators: name: Trabucchi, Michele
name: Mowlavi, Nami
name: Lebzelter, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-regular variables (SRVs) are similar to Miras in brightness, and they also follow PLRs, though not necessarily the same as Miras. As potential standard candles they are more challenging than Miras due to their smaller variability amplitudes and less regular light curves, but they are substantially more numerous and especially promising to probe old stellar populations. We aim to characterize the variability of SRVs, with focus on their connection with Miras, in order to prepare the ground for investigating their potential as distance indicators. We examine SRVs and Miras in the Magellanic Clouds from OGLE-III observations, with data from Gaia and 2MASS. After cleaning the sample from variability periods unrelated to pulsation, we classify each source by chemical type and combination of pulsation modes. We examine the results in terms of global photometric and pulsation properties. We identify four SRVs groups that fit the general evolutionary scenario predicted by theory. SRVs dominated by fundamental-mode pulsation are very similar to Miras, especially if mono-periodic. They further split into two sub-groups, one of which follows the same sequence as Miras in the period-luminosity and period-amplitude diagram, without discontinuity. The similarities between Miras and SRVs suggest that the latter can be adopted as complementary distance indicators to the former, thereby at least doubling the available number of LPVs suitable for use as distance indicators. The traditional amplitude-based separation between Miras and SRVs is not necessarily appropriate, and a more physically sound criterion should also involve pulsation periods. While this would require comparatively longer time series, they are expected to become accessible in the coming years even for weak sources thanks to current and future large-scale surveys. The table of reclassified LPVs is made public.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; Main text: 14 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. One appendix. Replaced with language-revised version
Distinguishing between quantum and classical Markovian dephasing dissipation
Creators: name: Seif, Alireza
name: Wang, Yu-Xin
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding whether dissipation in an open quantum system is truly quantum is a question of both fundamental and practical interest. We consider n qubits subject to correlated Markovian dephasing and present a sufficient condition for when bath-induced dissipation can generate system entanglement and hence must be considered quantum. Surprisingly, we find that the presence or absence of time-reversal symmetry plays a crucial role: broken time-reversal symmetry is required for dissipative entanglement generation. Further, simply having nonzero bath susceptibilities is not enough for the dissipation to be quantum. We also present an explicit experimental protocol for identifying truly quantum dephasing dissipation and lay the groundwork for studying more complex dissipative systems and finding optimal noise mitigating strategies.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Close to final published version
Bose-Einstein condensation in dense quark matter
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of Bose condensation of charged pions in QCD at finite isospin chemical potential $μ_I$ using the O(4)-symmetric linear sigma model as an effective field theory for two-flavor QCD. Using the 2PI $1/N$-expansion, we determine the quasiparticle masses as well as the pion and chiral condensates as a function of the temperature and isospin chemical potential in the chiral limit and at the physical point. At T=0, Bose condensation takes place for chemical potentials larger than $m_π$. In the chiral limit, the chiral condensate vanishes for any finite value of $μ_I$.
description: Talk given at Strong and Electroweak matter 2008, Amsterdam August 25-29 2008. Four pages and two figures. 2nd version: typos fixed and updated list of refs
Subjective odor measurement for the evaluation of agricultural odor control methods
Creators: name: Phillips, David Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Odor measurement is a useful tool in the evaluation of agricultural odor control methods. Subjective odor measurement techniques utilizing man's sense of smell as an analytical instrument are discussed. The use of these methods ineevaluating agricultural odor control systems is also reviewed. A dynamic dilution to threshold odor measurement method is used to evaluate odorous air samples collected downwind from an on farm agitated basin containing anaerobic liquid swine manure. Samples were collected from the time of agitator startup. It is found that short term surface aeration of anaerobic liquid swine manure reduces the threshold of the odorous gases being emitted by at least two orders of magnitude. It is shown that odor samples with a 'high odor level' in Tedlar (Polyvinyl Flouride Plastic) bags can be stored for 48 hours before threshold analysis without a significant change occurring in the odor threshold. It is found that odor samples with a 'low odor level'* collected in Tedlar bags have a likely storage life of at least 24 hours. * High odor lever is defined here as 5,000 to 10,000 dilutions to threshold. ** Low odor level is defined here as less than 500 dilutions to threshold.
Internal reverse-biased p-n junctions: a possible origin of the high resistance in phase change superlattice
Creators: name: Li, Bowen
name: Xu, Longlong
name: Guo, Yuzheng
name: Li, Huanglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase change superlattice is one of the emerging material technologies for ultralow-power phase change memories. However, the resistance switching mechanism of phase change superlattice is still hotly debated. Early electrical measurements and recent materials characterizations have suggested that the Kooi phase is very likely to be the as-fabricated low-resistance state. Due to the difficulty in in-situ characterization at atomic resolution, the structure of the electrically switched superlattice in its high-resistance state is still unknown and mainly investigated by theoretical modellings. So far, there has been no simple model that can unify experimental results obtained from device-level electrical measurements and atomic-level materials characterizations. In this work, we carry out atomistic transport modellings of the phase change superlattice device and propose a simple mechanism accounting for its high resistance. The modeled high-resistance state is based on the interfacial phase changed superlattice that has previously been mistaken for the low-resistance state. This work advances the understanding of phase change superlattice for emerging memory applications.
Pediatric physical therapy during a pandemic: Assessing perceptions of providing services through telehealth
Creators: name: McNamara, Katelyn
name: Thorpe, Deborah E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description:
This study aimed to identify the perceptions of pediatric physical therapists, identifying barriers and facilitators to providing telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed methods design, an online, national survey gathered demographics and participants’ perceptions. A total of 165 pediatric physical therapists participated in the study. Sixty-four percent of respondents rated their pre-pandemic perception of telehealth services as “somewhat” to “very” negative. After utilizing telehealth, 66% of therapists reported perceptions of telehealth as “somewhat” or “very” positive. Barriers were 1) poor patient and parent participation and 2) technology issues. Facilitators were 1) hands-on involvement, 2) ability to share information, and 3) ability to use items in the home. Predominate themes to open-ended responses further elucidated pre- and post-pandemic telehealth perceptions. After implementing telehealth services during COVID- 19, most therapists indicated their perceptions of telehealth were somewhat or very positive.
Poisson equation for weak gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Kling, Thomas P.
name: Campbell, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Newman and Penrose spin coefficient (NP) formalism, we examine the full Bianchi identities of general relativity in the context of gravitational lensing, where the matter and space-time curvature are projected into a lens plane perpendicular to the line of sight. From one component of the Bianchi identity, we provide a rigorous, new derivation of a Poisson equation for the projected matter density where the source term involves second derivatives of the observed weak gravitational lensing shear. We also show that the other components of the Bianchi identity reveal no new results. Numerical integration of the Poisson equation in test cases shows an accurate mass map can be constructed from the combination of a ground-based, wide-field image and a Hubble Space Telescope image of the same system.
description: accepted to Phys. Rev. D
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Foreword, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
Creators: name: Vollmer, Heribert
name: Vallée, Brigitte
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Foreword
subject: Conference Organization
subject: External Reviewers

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Foreword, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 66, 34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Optimising Knee Injury Detection with Spatial Attention and Validating Localisation Ability
Creators: name: Belton, Niamh
name: Welaratne, Ivan
name: Dahlan, Adil
name: Hearne, Ronan T
name: Hagos, Misgina Tsighe
name: Lawlor, Aonghus
name: Curran, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work employs a pre-trained, multi-view Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a spatial attention block to optimise knee injury detection. An open-source Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data set with image-level labels was leveraged for this analysis. As MRI data is acquired from three planes, we compare our technique using data from a single-plane and multiple planes (multi-plane). For multi-plane, we investigate various methods of fusing the planes in the network. This analysis resulted in the novel 'MPFuseNet' network and state-of-the-art Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores for detecting Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears and Abnormal MRIs, achieving AUC scores of 0.977 and 0.957 respectively. We then developed an objective metric, Penalised Localisation Accuracy (PLA), to validate the model's localisation ability. This metric compares binary masks generated from Grad-Cam output and the radiologist's annotations on a sample of MRIs. We also extracted explainability features in a model-agnostic approach that were then verified as clinically relevant by the radiologist.
Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime II: collisions, thermal corrections, and superradiant instabilities
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enrico
name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Sberna, Laura
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by electromagnetic-field confinement due to plasma near accreting black holes, we continue our exploration of the linear dynamics of an electromagnetic field propagating in curved spacetime in the presence of plasma by including three effects that were neglected in our previous analysis: collisions in the plasma, thermal corrections, and the angular momentum of the background black-hole spacetime. We show that: (i) the plasma-driven long-lived modes survive in a collisional plasma except when the collision timescale is unrealistically small; (ii) thermal effects, which might be relevant for accretion disks around black holes, do not affect the axial long-lived modes; (iii) in the case of a spinning black hole the plasma-driven modes become superradiantly unstable at the linear level; (iv) the polar sector in the small-frequency regime admits a reflection point due to the resonant properties of the plasma. Dissipative effects such as absorption, formation of plasma waves, and nonlinear dynamics play a crucial role in the vicinity of this resonant point.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
First-principles studies of water adsorption on graphene: The role of the substrate
Creators: name: Wehling, Tim O.
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Lichtenstein, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic properties of graphene upon water adsorption and study the influence of the SiO2 substrate in this context using density functional calculations. Perfect suspended graphene is rather insensitive to H2O adsorbates, as doping requires highly oriented H2O clusters. For graphene on a defective SiO2 substrate, we find a strongly different behavior: H2O adsorbates can shift the substrate's impurity bands and change their hybridization with the graphene bands. In this way, H2O can lead to doping of graphene for much lower adsorbate concentrations than for free hanged graphene. The effect depends strongly on the microscopic substrate properties.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Constraints on dark energy from baryon acoustic peak and galaxy cluster gas mass measurements
Creators: name: Samushia, Lado
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use baryon acoustic peak measurements by Eisenstein et al. (2005) and Percival et al. (2007a) and galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements of Allen et al. (2008) to constrain parameters of three different dark energy models. For time-independent dark energy, the Percival et al. (2007a) constraints, which make use of the WMAP measurement of the apparent acoustic horizon angle, most effectively constrain a cosmological parameter close to spatial curvature and favor a close to spatially flat model. In a spatially-flat model the Percival et al. (2007a) data less effectively constrain time-varying dark energy. The joint baryon acoustic peak and galaxy cluster gas mass constraints are consistent with but tighter than those derived from other data. A time-independent cosmological constant in a spatially-flat model provides a good fit to the joint data, but slowly-evolving dark energy can not yet be ruled out.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. ApJ in press
Argon Broad Ion beam sectioning and high resolution scanning electron microscopy imaging of hydrated alite
Creators: name: Kleiner, Florian
name: Matthes, Christian
name: Rößler, Christiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging is able to visualize micro- to nano-structures of cement and concrete. A prerequisite is that the sample preparation preserves the native structure of the specimen. In this study, argon Broad Ion Beam (BIB) sectioning is compared to state-of-the-art sample preparation (resin embedding, polishing) for hydrated alite. Additionally, it is investigated if during BIB, sample cooling is beneficial to avoid deterioration of cement hydrates. The aim is to quantitatively measure phase and pore size distributions in hardened alite pastes. Therefore, not only optimized sample preparation but also optimized imaging conditions are investigated. Finally, it is demonstrated that by image analysis pores down to a diameter of 5 nm in hydrated alite pastes can be quantitatively analysed.
description: 10 pages, 17 (32) figures, supplementary data (10 pages and 32 figures) accepted preprint
OrbNet Denali: A machine learning potential for biological and organic chemistry with semi-empirical cost and DFT accuracy
Creators: name: Christensen, Anders S.
name: Sirumalla, Sai Krishna
name: Qiao, Zhuoran
name: O'Connor, Michael B.
name: Smith, Daniel G. A.
name: Ding, Feizhi
name: Bygrave, Peter J.
name: Anandkumar, Animashree
name: Welborn, Matthew
name: Manby, Frederick R.
name: Miller, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present OrbNet Denali, a machine learning model for electronic structure that is designed as a drop-in replacement for ground-state density functional theory (DFT) energy calculations. The model is a message-passing neural network that uses symmetry-adapted atomic orbital features from a low-cost quantum calculation to predict the energy of a molecule. OrbNet Denali is trained on a vast dataset of 2.3 million DFT calculations on molecules and geometries. This dataset covers the most common elements in bio- and organic chemistry (H, Li, B, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Br, I) as well as charged molecules. OrbNet Denali is demonstrated on several well-established benchmark datasets, and we find that it provides accuracy that is on par with modern DFT methods while offering a speedup of up to three orders of magnitude. For the GMTKN55 benchmark set, OrbNet Denali achieves WTMAD-1 and WTMAD-2 scores of 7.19 and 9.84, on par with modern DFT functionals. For several GMTKN55 subsets, which contain chemical problems that are not present in the training set, OrbNet Denali produces a mean absolute error comparable to those of DFT methods. For the Hutchison conformers benchmark set, OrbNet Denali has a median correlation coefficient of R^2=0.90 compared to the reference DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculation, and R^2=0.97 compared to the method used to generate the training data (wB97X-D3/def2-TZVP), exceeding the performance of any other method with a similar cost. Similarly, the model reaches chemical accuracy for non-covalent interactions in the S66x10 dataset. For torsional profiles, OrbNet Denali reproduces the torsion profiles of wB97X-D3/def2-TZVP with an average MAE of 0.12 kcal/mol for the potential energy surfaces of the diverse fragments in the TorsionNet500 dataset.
Non-empirical pairing energy density functional. First order in the nuclear plus Coulomb two-body interaction
Creators: name: Lesinski, T.
name: Duguet, T.
name: Bennaceur, K.
name: Meyer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform systematic calculations of pairing gaps in semi-magic nuclei across the nuclear chart using the Energy Density Functional method and a {\it non-empirical} pairing functional derived, without further approximation, at lowest order in the two-nucleon vacuum interaction, including the Coulomb force. The correlated single-particle motion is accounted for by the SLy4 semi-empirical functional. Rather unexpectedly, both neutron and proton pairing gaps thus generated are systematically close to experimental data. Such a result further suggests that missing effects, i.e. higher partial-waves of the NN interaction, the NNN interaction and the coupling to collective fluctuations, provide an overall contribution that is sub-leading as for generating pairing gaps in nuclei. We find that including the Coulomb interaction is essential as it reduces proton pairing gaps by up to 40%.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in EPJA
Valutazione cinematica intraoperatoria con utilizzo del navigatore e postoperatoria con rsa dinamica nelle protesi totali di ginocchio
Intraoperative kinematic evaluation with navigation system and postoperative kinematic evaluation with dynamic RSA of total knee arthroplasty
Creators: name: Bruni, Danilo <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: MED/33 Malattie apparato locomotore

description: Restoring a correct implant kinematics and providing a good ligament balance and patellar tracking is mandatory to improve clinical and functional outcome after a Total Knee Replacement. Surgical navigation systems are a reliable and accurate tool to help the surgeon in achieving these goals. The aim of the present study was to use navigation system with an intra-operative surgical protocol to evaluate and determine an optimal implant kinematics during a Total Knee Replacement.
A New Approach for Reconstructing SUSY Particle Masses with a few fb^(-1) at the LHC
Creators: name: Djilkibaev, Rashid M.
name: Konoplich, Rostislav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new cascade mass reconstruction approach to allow reconstruction of SUSY particle masses in long cascades (five or more particles) at the LHC with integrated luminosity as low as a few fb^(-1). This approach is based on a consecutive use of the endpoint method, an event filter and a combinatorial mass reconstruction method. The endpoint method gives a preliminary estimate of light sparticle masses. An event filter combining the maximum likelihood distributions for all events in the data sample allows suppression of backgrounds and gives a preliminary estimate of heavy sparticle masses. Finally, SUSY particle masses are reconstructed by a search for a maximum of a combined likelihood function constructed for each possible combination of five events in the data sample. SUSY data sample sets for the SU3 model point containing 80k events each were generated, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb^(-1). These events were passed through the AcerDET detector simulator, which parametrized the response of a detector. To demonstrate the stability and precision of the approach five different 80k event data sets were considered. Masses were reconstructed with a precision of about 10% for heavy sparticles and 10-20% for light sparticles.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, added 1 reference
Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Coping Mechanisms and Barriers to Health Care Among Adults with Chronic Pain: North Carolina, 2018-2019
Creators: name: Cox, Mary E.
name: Austin, Anna E.
name: Proescholdbell, Scott
name: Naumann, Rebecca B.
name: Gora Combs, Katherine
name: Shiue, Kristin Y.
Publisher: name: North Carolina Institute of Medicine
Year: 2025

description:
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic pain often turn to the health care system for treatment and pain management strategies, but barriers to health care access can make this difficult. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2018 and 2019 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (NC BRFSS) surveys to understand whether coping mechanisms for chronic pain differed by specific health care barriers, sex, and race/ethnicity. We assessed 4 health care barriers: coverage barrier (no health insurance), provider barrier (no personal doctor/provider), cost barrier (not seeing a doctor in the past year due to cost), and checkup barrier (no checkup in the past 2 years). RESULTS Compared to individuals with no health care barriers, individuals with any health care barrier used coping mechanisms tied to the health care system (e.g., prescription drugs and non-medication pain therapies) less frequently. Differences were also observed by sex and race/ethnicity. Among individuals with or without barriers, men reported using alcohol and marijuana or other street drugs to cope more frequently than women, while women used prescription medications more frequently than men. Among individuals with at least one barrier, Black, non-Hispanic individuals reported using prescription drugs and non-medication pain therapies less frequently than White, non-Hispanic individuals. LIMITATIONS The response rate for the NC BRFSS surveys was low, though adjusted for by weighting. We were limited by the available categories for coping mechanisms, and we restricted race/ethnicity analyses to White, non-Hispanic and Black, non-Hispanic individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that differences in the use of prescription and non-prescription pain therapies by race/ethnicity for individuals with chronic pain may also be interconnected with health care access barriers.
Stellar Dynamical Models for 797 $z\sim 0.8$ Galaxies from LEGA-C
Creators: name: van Houdt, Josha
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Franx, Marijn
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Barisic, Ivana
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: de Graaff, Anna
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Pacifici, Camilla
name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Sobral, David
name: Straatman, Caroline
name: Wu, Po-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially resolved stellar kinematics for 797 $z=0.6-1$ galaxies selected from the LEGA-C survey and construct axisymmetric Jeans models to quantify their dynamical mass and degree of rotational support. The survey is $K_s$-band selected, irrespective of color or morphological type, and allows for a first assessment of the stellar dynamical structure of the general $L^*$ galaxy population at large lookback time. Using light profiles from Hubble Space Telescope imaging as a tracer, our approach corrects for observational effects (seeing convolution and slit geometry), and uses well-informed priors on inclination, anisotropy and a non-luminous mass component. Tabulated data include total mass estimates in a series of spherical apertures (1, 5, and 10 kpc; 1$\times$ and 2$\times$\re), as well as rotational velocities, velocity dispersions and anisotropy. We show that almost all star-forming galaxies and $\sim$50\% of quiescent galaxies are rotation-dominated, with deprojected $V/σ\sim1-2$. Revealing the complexity in galaxy evolution, we find that the most massive star-forming galaxies are among the most rotation-dominated, and the most massive quiescent galaxies among the least rotation-dominated galaxies. These measurements set a new benchmark for studying galaxy evolution, using stellar dynamical structure for galaxies at large lookback time. Together with the additional information on stellar population properties from the LEGA-C spectra, the dynamical mass and $V/σ$ measurements presented here create new avenues for studying galaxy evolution at large lookback time.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Data table will be published with journal article and is now available upon request
Melting of persistent double-stranded polymers
Creators: name: Rahi, Sahand Jamal
name: Hertzberg, Mark Peter
name: Kardar, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent DNA-pulling experiments, we revisit the Poland-Scheraga model of melting a double-stranded polymer. We include distinct bending rigidities for both the double-stranded segments, and the single-stranded segments forming a bubble. There is also bending stiffness at the branch points between the two segment types. The transfer matrix technique for single persistent chains is generalized to describe the branching bubbles. Properties of spherical harmonics are then exploited in truncating and numerically solving the resulting transfer matrix. This allows efficient computation of phase diagrams and force-extension curves (isotherms). While the main focus is on exposition of the transfer matrix technique, we provide general arguments for a reentrant melting transition in stiff double strands. Our theoretical approach can also be extended to study polymers with bubbles of any number of strands, with potential applications to molecules such as collagen.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures