cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Driven Deep Learning Approach for Separating Mergers and Star Forming Galaxies: The Formation Histories of Clumpy Galaxies in all the CANDELS Fields
Creators: name: Ferreira, Leonardo
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Kuchner, Ulrike
name: Tohill, Clar-Bríd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Being able to distinguish between galaxies that have recently undergone major merger events, or are experiencing intense star formation, is crucial for making progress in our understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies. As such, we have developed a machine learning framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to separate star forming galaxies from post-mergers using a dataset of 160,000 simulated images from IllustrisTNG100 that resemble observed deep imaging of galaxies with Hubble. We improve upon previous methods of machine learning with imaging by developing a new approach to deal with the complexities of contamination from neighbouring sources in crowded fields and define a quality control limit based on overlapping sources and background flux. Our pipeline successfully separates post-mergers from star forming galaxies in IllustrisTNG $80\%$ of the time, which is an improvement by at least 25\% in comparison to a classification using the asymmetry ($A$) of the galaxy. Compared with measured Sérsic profiles, we show that star forming galaxies in the CANDELS fields are predominantly disc-dominated systems while post-mergers show distributions of transitioning discs to bulge-dominated galaxies. With these new measurements, we trace the rate of post-mergers among asymmetric galaxies in the universe finding an increase from $20\%$ at $z=0.5$ to $50\%$ at $z=2$. Additionally, we do not find strong evidence that the scattering above the Star Forming Main Sequence (SFMS) can be attributed to major post-mergers. Finally, we use our new approach to update our previous measurements of galaxy merger rates $\mathcal{R} = 0.022 \pm 0.006 \times (1+z)^{2.71\pm0.31}$
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 28 pages, 18 Figures, 2 Tables. Pretrained models available at https://github.com/astroferreira/FERREIRA2022
(100170) Elizabeth King
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Comparison of Step Samplers for Nested Sampling
Creators: name: Buchner, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian inference with nested sampling requires a likelihood-restricted prior sampling method, which draws samples from the prior distribution that exceed a likelihood threshold. For high-dimensional problems, Markov Chain Monte Carlo derivatives have been proposed. We numerically study ten algorithms based on slice sampling, hit-and-run and differential evolution algorithms in ellipsoidal, non-ellipsoidal and non-convex problems from 2 to 100 dimensions. Mixing capabilities are evaluated with the nested sampling shrinkage test. This makes our results valid independent of how heavy-tailed the posteriors are. Given the same number of steps, slice sampling is outperformed by hit-and-run and whitened slice sampling, while whitened hit-and-run does not provide as good results. Proposing along differential vectors of live point pairs also leads to the highest efficiencies, and appears promising for multi-modal problems. The tested proposals are implemented in the UltraNest nested sampling package, enabling efficient low and high-dimensional inference of a large class of practical inference problems relevant to astronomy, cosmology, particle physics and astronomy.
description: accepted MaxEnt 2022 proceeding, published in Physical Sciences Forum. UltraNest nested sampling package https://johannesbuchner.github.io/UltraNest/
(100166) Anne Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Biermann Battery Powered by Resistive Heating Induced by Cosmic Ray Streaming
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Shota L.
name: Ohira, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is recently proposed that cosmic rays generate a seed magnetic field in the early universe. In this paper, we propose another generation mechanism of magnetic fields by cosmic rays, which is the Biermann battery driven by resistive heating induced by the streaming of cosmic rays. This mechanism is dominant in small-scale, low-temperature, and strongly-ionized regions, compared with other previously proposed mechanisms. Because cosmic rays are expected to be accelerated after the death of the first stars, this mechanism can work during structure formation in the early universe. We show that it makes the seed magnetic field with sufficient strength for the subsequent dynamo to amplify it to the micro Gauss level in the current galaxies.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Switching times of nanoscale FePt: finite size effects on linear reversal mechanism
Creators: name: Ellis, M. O. A.
name: Chantrell, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear reversal mechanism in FePt grains ranging from 2.316 nm to 5.404 nm has been simulated using atomistic spin dynamics, parametrized from ab-initio calculations. The Curie temperature and the critical temperature (T*), at which the linear reversal mechanism occurs, are observed to decrease with system size whilst the temperature window T* < T < TC increases. The reversal paths close to the Curie temperature have been calculated, showing that for decreasing system size the reversal path becomes more elliptic at lower temperatures, consistent with the decrease in the Curie temperature arising from finite size effects. Calculations of the minimum pulse duration show faster switching in small grains and is qualitatively described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with finite size atomistic parameterization, which suggests that multiscale modeling of FePt down to a grain size of ~ 3.5 nm is possible.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Changes: 1) Abstract and introduction text has been updated. Some new references have been included in the introduction. 2) Figure 1 has been altered to included T* on the inset. 3) New data has been included n figure 3. Figure 3.e has been altered to include the new data and also compares to the LLB equation. 4) Main text has been altered to reflect the new figures
How does SU($N$)-natural inflation isotropize the universe?
Creators: name: Murata, Tomoaki
name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the homogeneous and anisotropic dynamics of pseudoscalar inflation coupled to an SU($N$) gauge field. To see how the initially anisotropic universe is isotropized in such an inflation model, we derive the equations to obtain axisymmetric SU($N$) gauge field configurations in Bianchi type-I geometry and discuss a method to identify their isotropic subsets which are the candidates of their late-time attractor. Each isotropic solution is characterized by the corresponding SU(2) subalgebra of the SU($N$) algebra. It is shown numerically that the isotropic universe is a universal late-time attractor in the case of the SU(3) gauge field. Interestingly, we find that a transition between the two distinct gauge-field configurations characterized by different SU(2) subalgebras can occur during inflation. We clarify the conditions for this to occur. This transition could leave an observable imprint on the CMB and the primordial gravitational wave background.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Epitopes Targeted by Bullous Pemphigoid T Lymphocytes and Autoantibodies Map to the Same Sites on the Bullous Pemphigoid 180 Ectodomain
Creators: name: Giudice, George
name: Diaz, Luis
name: Lin, Mong-Shang
name: Lazaro, Ana Maria
name: Olague-Marchan, Monica
name: Fu, Chang-Ling
name: Stastny, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Bullous pemphigoid is a blistering skin disease characterized by autoantibodies directed against the NC16A domain of bullous pemphigoid 180 (collagen XVII), a transmembrane protein of epidermal basal cells. Passive transfer studies in mice have shown that antibodies that bind to this immunodominant region of bullous pemphigoid 180 are capable of inducing a skin disease that closely mimics bullous pemphigoid, supporting the hypothesis that epitopes within NC16A are involved in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. In this study, we examined the autoimmune T cell response in bullous pemphigoid patients. T cells from eight of 12 bullous pemphigoid patients, all of whom had circulating anti-bullous pemphigoid 180 autoantibodies, showed a specific proliferative response to recombinant forms of NC16A. T cell lines and clones developed from four of these patients recognize the same NC16A peptides as those targeted by autoantibodies from the corresponding individuals. These NC16A-responding T lymphocytes express alpha/beta T cell receptors and CD4 memory T cell surface markers and exhibited a Th1/Th2 mixed cytokine profile that may support the production of antibodies. This new information will aid in defining the key steps involved in the development of the autoimmune response in bullous pemphigoid.
(100169) William King
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Two lensed star candidates at $z\simeq4.8$ behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015
Creators: name: Meena, Ashish Kumar
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda
name: Zackrisson, Erik
name: Chen, Wenlei
name: Coe, Dan
name: Diego, Jose M.
name: Dimauro, Paola
name: Furtak, Lukas J.
name: Kelly, Patrick L.
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Welch, Brian
name: Abdurro'uf
name: Andrade-Santos, Felipe
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Bradač, Maruša
name: Bradley, Larry D.
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Donahue, Megan
name: Frye, Brenda L.
name: Fujimoto, Seiji
name: Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Mahler, Guillaume
name: Vanzella, Eros
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of two extremely magnified lensed star candidates behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015, in recent multi-band James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. The candidates are seen in a previously known, $z_{phot}\simeq4.8$ dropout giant arc that straddles the critical curve. The candidates lie near the expected critical curve position but lack clear counter images on the other side of it, suggesting these are possibly stars undergoing caustic crossings. We present revised lensing models for the cluster, including multiply imaged galaxies newly identified in the JWST data, and use them to estimate a background macro-magnification of at least $\gtrsim90$ and $\gtrsim50$ at the positions of the two candidates, respectively. With these values, we expect effective, caustic-crossing magnifications of $10^4-10^5$ for the two star candidates. The Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of the two candidates match well spectra of B-type stars with best-fit surface temperatures of $\sim10,000$ K, and $\sim12,000$ K, respectively, and we show that such stars with masses $\gtrsim20$ M$_{\odot}$ and $\gtrsim50$ M$_{\odot}$, respectively, can become sufficiently magnified to be observed. We briefly discuss other alternative explanations and conclude these are likely lensed stars, but also acknowledge that the less magnified candidate may instead be or reside in a star cluster. These star candidates constitute the second highest-redshift examples to date after Earendel at $z_{phot}\simeq6.2$, establishing further the potential of studying extremely magnified stars to high redshifts with the JWST. Planned visits including NIRSpec observations will enable a more detailed view of the candidates already in the near future.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in ApJL
Adding CP to flavour symmetries
Creators: name: Varzielas, I. de Medeiros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose the use of CP-odd invariants, which are independent of basis and valid for any choice of CP transformation, as a powerful approach to study CP in the presence of flavour symmetries. As examples of the approach I focus on Lagrangians invariant under $Δ(27)$. I comment on the consequences of adding a specific CP symmetry to a Lagrangian and distinguish cases where several $Δ(27)$ singlets are present depending on how they couple to the triplets. One of the examples included is a very simple toy model with explicit CP violation with calculable phases, which is referred to as explicit geometrical CP violation by comparison with previously known cases of (spontaneous) geometrical CP violation.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the DISCRETE 2014 Conference. v2: improved discussion
H$^{13}$CN-HN$^{13}$C intensity ratio as a temperature indicator of interstellar clouds
Creators: name: Pazukhin, A. G.
name: Zinchenko, I. I.
name: Trofimova, E. A.
name: Henkel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the 30-m IRAM radio telescope, we observed several massive star forming regions at wavelengths of 3-4 and 2 mm. The temperature of the gas in the sources was estimated from the lines of CH$_{3}$CCH and from the transitions of the NH$_3$ molecule obtained during observations at the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg. As a result, a correlation between the integrated intensity ratios of the $J=1-0$ transitions of H$^{13}$CN and HN$^{13}$C and the kinetic temperature has been obtained. The obtained results allow us to propose the use of the intensity ratio H$^{13}$CN-HN$^{13}$C as a possible temperature indicator of interstellar clouds. We also compared the obtained estimates of the kinetic temperature with the dust temperature $T_{dust}$. As a result, no significant correlation was found.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Astronomy Reports (2022)
Optimistically biased colon cancer risks: motivational causes and consequences
Creators: name: DiBonaventura, Marco DaCosta
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: Colon cancer is the third leading type of cancer, accounting for 10% of cancer deaths for both men and women (ACS, 2005). Because colon cancer is caused by behavioral factors as well as environmental ones, this hazard represents an important opportunity for psychological investigation. This dissertation examined the influence of risk perceptions (and risk perception biases) on intentions for preventive behaviors. Specifically, this dissertation compared group-level and individual-level optimistic biases and also examined risk attribution biases and their effects on future intentions. A study of undergraduates at Rutgers University (N = 342) found that although participants believed their risk to be significantly below average (i.e. a group-level optimistic bias), participants actually overestimated their objective risk (i.e. an individual-level pessimistic bias). While risk perceptions were associated with intentions, the degree of optimistic bias was generally unrelated to intentions. Finally, participants generally underweighted the impact of many of the actual risk factors for colon cancer (e.g., alcohol, red meat, etc.) while overweighting many irrelevant factors (e.g., affect). The types of attributions participants made were also related to their future intentions. These results suggest that people engage in a variety of biases when formulating their risk judgments and that some of these biases may have implications for future behavioral intentions.
Comparing halo bias from abundance and clustering
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Kai
name: Bel, Julien
name: Gaztanaga, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the abundance of haloes in the $\sim(3 \ \text{Gpc}/h)^3$ volume of the MICE Grand Challenge simulation by fitting the universal mass function with an improved Jack-Knife error covariance estimator that matches theory predictions. We present unifying relations between different fitting models and new predictions for linear ($b_1$) and non-linear ($c_2$ and $c_3$) halo clustering bias. Different mass function fits show strong variations in their performance when including the low mass range ($M_h \lesssim 3 \ 10^{12} \ M_{\odot}/h$) in the analysis. Together with fits from the literature we find an overall variation in the amplitudes of around $10$% in the low mass and up to $50$% in the high mass (galaxy cluster) range ($M_h > 10^{14} \ M_{\odot}/h$). These variations propagate into a $10$% change in $b_1$ predictions and a $50$% change in $c_2$ or $c_3$. Despite these strong variations we find universal relations between $b_1$ and $c_2$ or $c_3$ for which we provide simple fits. Excluding low mass haloes, different models fitted with reasonable goodness in this analysis, show percent level agreement in their $b_1$ predictions, but are systematically $5-10$% lower than the bias directly measured with two-point halo-mass clustering. This result confirms previous findings derived from smaller volumes (and smaller masses). Inaccuracies in the bias predictions lead to $5-10$% errors in growth measurements. They also affect any HOD fitting or (cluster) mass calibration from clustering measurements.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Real space circuit complexity as a probe of phase diagrams
Creators: name: Jayarama, Nishan C.
name: Svensson, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circuit complexity has been used as a tool to study various properties in condensed matter systems, in particular as a way to probe the phase diagram. However, compared with measures based on entanglement, complexity has been found lacking. We show that when imposing penalty factors punishing non-locality, it becomes a much stronger probe of the phase diagram, able to probe more subtle features. We do this by deriving analytical solutions for the complexity in the XY chain with transverse field.
description: 4 pages+appendix; v2: updated author name
A Hero's Dark Horse: Discovery of an Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellite in Pegasus
Creators: name: Kim, Dongwon
name: Jerjen, Helmut
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Da Costa, Gary S.
name: Milone, Antonino P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. The concentration of stars was detected by applying our overdensity detection algorithm to the SDSS-DR 10 and confirmed with deeper photometry from the Dark Energy Camera at the 4-m Blanco telescope. Fitting model isochrones indicates that this object, Pegasus III, features an old and metal-poor stellar population ([Fe/H]$\sim-2.1$) at a heliocentric distance of $205\pm20$ kpc. The new stellar system has an estimated half-light radius of $r_h=78^{+30}_{-24}$ pc and a total luminosity of $M_{V}\sim-4.1\pm0.5$ that places it into the domain of dwarf galaxies on the size--luminosity plane. Pegasus III is spatially close to the MW satellite Pisces II. It is possible that the two might be physically associated, similar to the Leo IV and Leo V pair. Pegasus III is also well aligned with the Vast Polar Structure, which suggests a possible physical association.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Assessing long-term medical remanufacturing emissions with Life Cycle Analysis
Creators: name: Meister, Julia A.
name: Sharp, Jack
name: Wang, and Yan
name: Nguyen, Khuong An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The unsustainable take-make-dispose linear economy prevalent in healthcare contributes 4.4% to global Greenhouse Gas emissions. A popular but not yet widely-embraced solution is to remanufacture common single-use medical devices like electrophysiology catheters, significantly extending their lifetimes by enabling a circular life cycle. To support the adoption of catheter remanufacturing, we propose a comprehensive emission framework and carry out a holistic evaluation of virgin manufactured and remanufactured carbon emissions with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We followed ISO modelling standards and NHS reporting guidelines to ensure industry relevance. We conclude that remanufacturing may lead to a reduction of up to 60% per turn (-1.92 kg CO2eq, burden-free) and 57% per life (-1.87 kg CO2eq, burdened). Our extensive sensitivity analysis and industry-informed buy-back scheme simulation revealed long-term emission reductions of up to 48% per remanufactured catheter life (-1.73 kg CO2eq). Our comprehensive results encourage the adoption of electrophysiology catheter remanufacturing, and highlight the importance of estimating long-term emissions in addition to traditional emission metrics.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Human Keratinocyte β-Catenin and Plakoglobin Reversibly Regulates their Binding to E-Cadherin and α-Catenin
Creators: name: O'Keefe, Edward J.
name: Rubenstein, David S.
name: Hu, Peiqi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We show that tyrosine phosphorylation, produced by incubation of normal human keratinocytes with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor peroxovanadate, directly and reversibly regulates the association of beta-catenin and plakoglobin with E-cadherin and alpha-catenin. Prior studies have demonstrated a correlative, but not causal, association between increased tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased adherens junction mediated cell-cell adhesion. We observed that (i) binding of tyrosine phosphorylated beta-catenin and plakoglobin to E-cadherin and to alpha-catenin was substantially reduced, but could be restored in vitro by removal of phosphate from beta-catenin and plakoglobin with added tyrosine phosphatase, and (ii) tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin and plakoglobin was associated with decreased cell-cell adhesion. These findings support a direct and causal role for tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin and plakoglobin in regulating adherens junction mediated cell-cell adhesion. We propose that tyrosine phosphorylation of specific and probably different residues is responsible for regulating the binding of beta-catenin or plakoglobin to (i) E-cadherin and (ii) alpha-catenin. Additionally, because beta-catenin and plakoglobin have both structural and regulatory functions, the data raise the possibility that beta-catenin or plakoglobin released from the adherens junctions by tyrosine phosphorylation may transduce a signal to the nucleus regarding the adhesive state of the cell.
Into the Depths: a new activity metric for high-precision radial velocity measurements based on line depth variations
Creators: name: Siegel, Jared C.
name: Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
name: Halverson, Samuel
name: Howard, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery and characterization of extrasolar planets using radial velocity (RV) measurements is limited by noise sources from the surfaces of host stars. Current techniques to suppress stellar magnetic activity rely on decorrelation using an activity indicator (e.g., strength of the Ca II lines, width of the cross-correlation function, broadband photometry) or measurement of the RVs using only a subset of spectral lines that have been shown to be insensitive to activity. Here, we combine the above techniques by constructing a high signal-to-noise activity indicator, the depth metric $\mathcal{D}(t)$, from the most activity-sensitive spectral lines using the "line-by-line" method of Dumusque (2018). Analogous to photometric decorrelation of RVs or Gaussian progress regression modeling of activity indices, time series modeling of $\mathcal{D}(t)$ reduces the amplitude of magnetic activity in RV measurements; in an $α$CenB RV time series from HARPS, the RV RMS was reduced from 2.67 to 1.02 m s$^{-1}$. $\mathcal{D}(t)$ modeling enabled us to characterize injected planetary signals as small as 1 m s$^{-1}$. In terms of noise reduction and injected signal recovery, $\mathcal{D}(t)$ modeling outperforms activity mitigation via the selection of activity-insensitive spectral lines. For Sun-like stars with activity signals on the m s$^{-1}$ level, the depth metric independently tracks rotationally modulated and multiyear stellar activity with a level of quality similar to that of the FWHM of the CCF and log$R^{\prime}_{HK}$. The depth metric and its elaborations will be a powerful tool in the mitigation of stellar magnetic activity, particularly as a means of connecting stellar activity to physical processes within host stars.
description: 19 pages, accepted to AJ
Gamma rays: propagation and detection
Creators: name: Prandini, Elisa
name: Dialektopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Strišković, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma rays constitute a privileged point of view for the study of the extreme Universe. Unlike charged cosmic rays, which are thought to have a common origin, gamma rays are not deflected by galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields. This offers the opportunity to unveil the most powerful particle accelerators, still largely unknown, once modifications in the gamma-ray flux, arrival time, and angular distribution due to propagation effects are considered. Gamma ray telescopes include a large variety of instruments, both satellite-born and ground-based, which cover a broad energy range. These lecture notes provide an overview of the detection techniques for gamma-ray astronomy. A detailed description of the gamma-ray propagation effects in the galactic and extragalactic scenarios is also provided.
description: Lecture notes from the Corfu Summer Institute 2021 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity'', 29 August - 9 October 2021, Corfu, Greece. Published version
Jet-Cocoon Geometry in the Optically Dark, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Burst 201216C
Creators: name: Rhodes, L.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: Fender, R.
name: Aguilera-Dena, D. R.
name: Bright, J. S.
name: Vergani, S.
name: Williams, D. R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a radio observing campaign on GRB 201216C, combined with publicly available optical and X-ray data. The detection of very high energy (VHE, >100GeV) emission by MAGIC makes this the fifth VHE GRB at time of publication. Comparison between the optical and X-ray light curves show that GRB 201216C is a dark GRB, i.e. the optical emission is significantly absorbed and is fainter than expected from the X-ray detections. Our e-MERLIN data also shows evidence of diffractive interstellar scintillation. We can study the column density along the line-of-sight to the GRB in both the host galaxy, from the damped optical light curve, and the Milky Way, via scintillation studies. We find that the afterglow is best modelled using a jet-cocoon geometry within a stellar wind environment. Fitting the data with a multi-component model we estimate that the optical, X-ray and higher-frequency radio data before ~25days originates from an ultra-relativistic jet with an isotropic equivalent kinetic energy of (0.6-10)x10^52erg and an opening angle of ~1-9deg. The lower-frequency radio emission detected by MeerKAT, from day 28 onwards, is produced by the cocoon with a kinetic energy that is between two and seven orders of magnitude lower (0.02-50)x10^48erg. The energies of the two components are comparable to those derived in simulations of such scenarios.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
20. Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz
Creators: name: Sackmann, Dirk
name: Rix, Jessika
name: Witkowski, Ivette
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz
subject: Merseburg
subject: Forschungsarbeiten
subject: DDC::300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie
subject: DDC::300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft
subject: DDC::600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: DDC::300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::378 Hochschulbildung

description: Auf Initiative von Prof. Kirbs wurde die erste Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz im Jahre 2000 an der Hochschule Merseburg ins Leben gerufen. Nachdem in den Anfangsjahren nur die Hochschulen Mitteldeutschlands teilnahmen, hat sich die Konferenz zu einer bundesweiten Veranstaltungsreihe weiterentwickelt, die sich in den vergangenen 20 Jahren als Plattform für junge Wissenschaftler*innen etabliert hat und zu einer festen Größe im wissenschaftlichen Programm der Hochschulen geworden ist. Genau 20 Jahre nach der ersten Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz in Sachsen-Anhalt kehrte die NWK am 18. und 19. Juni 2019 wieder nach Merseburg zurück. Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen aus ganz Deutschland reichten ihre Forschungsarbeiten ein. Nach dem Gutachterprozess wurden in den verschiedenen Themenbereichen Vortragende eingeladen, um ihre Forschungsergebnisse in den Bereichen „Technologie und Nachhaltigkeit“, „Digitalisierung und Kommunikation“, „Life Science und Gesundheit“ sowie „sozialer, kultureller und wirtschaftlicher Wandel“ bei der Konferenz vorzustellen.
On the banded Toeplitz structured distance to symmetric positive semidefiniteness
Creators: name: Noschese, Silvia
name: Reichel, Lothar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the determination of a close real banded positive definite Toeplitz matrix in the Frobenius norm to a given square real banded matrix. While it is straightforward to determine the closest banded Toeplitz matrix to a given square matrix, the additional requirement of positive definiteness makes the problem difficult. We review available theoretical results and provide a simple approach to determine a banded positive definite Toeplitz matrix.
description: 14 pages,2 figures
Consistent generation of magnetic fields in axion inflation models
Creators: name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Namba, Ryo
name: Tada, Yuichiro
name: Takeda, Naoyuki
name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a growing evidence for the existence of magnetic fields in the extra-galactic regions, while the attempt to associate their origin with the inflationary epoch alone has been found extremely challenging. We therefore take into account the consistent post-inflationary evolution of the magnetic fields that are originated from vacuum fluctuations during inflation. In the model of our interest, the electromagnetic (EM) field is coupled to a pseudo-scalar inflaton $ϕ$ through the characteristic term $ϕF\tilde F$, breaking the conformal invariance. This interaction dynamically breaks the parity and enables a continuous production of only one of the polarization states of the EM field through tachyonic instability. The produced magnetic fields are thus helical. We find that the dominant contribution to the observed magnetic fields in this model comes from the modes that leave the horizon near the end of inflation, further enhanced by the tachyonic instability right after the end of inflation. The EM field is subsequently amplified by parametric resonance during the period of inflaton oscillation. Once the thermal plasma is formed (reheating), the produced helical magnetic fields undergo a turbulent process called inverse cascade, which shifts their peak correlation scales from smaller to larger scales. We consistently take all these effects into account within the regime where the perturbation of $ϕ$ is negligible and obtain $B_{\rm eff} \sim 10^{-19}$G, indicating the necessity of additional mechanisms to accommodate the observations.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, reference added
(100162) Catherine Sixsmith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Subset of Pemphigus Foliaceus Patients Exhibits Pathogenic Autoantibodies Against Both Desmoglein-1 and Desmoglein-3
Creators: name: Prisayanh, Philip
name: Lin, Mong-Shang
name: Arteaga, Luis
name: Warren, Simon
name: Diaz, Luis
name: Liu, Zhi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: In pemphigus vulgaris the major pathogenic antibody binds desmoglein-3, and mediates mucosal disease. Development of cutaneous disease is associated with acquisition of antibodies to desmoglein-1. In pemphigus foliaceus, and its endemic form, fogo selvagem by contrast, the major pathogenic antibody recognizes desmoglein-1 and mediates cutaneous disease only. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of antibodies to desmoglein-3 in patients with pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem. We produced recombinant desmoglein-1 and desmoglein-3, and used them in highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as immunoprecipitation assays. We detected antibodies to desmoglein-3 in 19 of 276 patients with pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem, who had cutaneous disease only. We showed that these antibodies to desmoglein-3 could be absorbed in a concentration-dependent manner by desmoglein-3 but not by desmoglein-1. Also antibodies to desmoglein-1 could be absorbed in a concentration-dependent manner by desmoglein-1 but not desmoglein-3. This suggests that two separate species of antibody are present rather than one antibody capable of cross-reacting with both desmoglein-1 and desmoglein-3. Finally, it was shown that affinity-purified antibodies to desmoglein-3 from patients with pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem induced a pemphigus vulgaris-like skin disease in mice by passive transfer. These results suggest that a subset of patients with pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem have antibodies to desmoglein-3 that may be involved in the pathogenesis of their cutaneous disease.
(100164) Mary Lloyd Harries
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Asymmetric adaptive LDPC-based information reconciliation for industrial quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Borisov, Nikolay
name: Petrov, Ivan
name: Tayduganov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new approach for asymmetric LDPC-based information reconciliation in order to adapt to the current channel state and achieve better performance and scalability in practical resource-constrained QKD systems. The new scheme combines the advantages of LDPC codes, a priori error rate estimation, rate-adaptive and blind information reconciliation techniques. We compare the performance of several asymmetric and symmetric error correction schemes using real industrial QKD setup. The proposed asymmetric algorithm achieves significantly higher throughput, providing a secret key rate very close to the symmetric one in a wide range of error rates. Thus, our approach turns out to be particularly efficient for applications with high key rates, limited classical channel capacity and asymmetric computational resource allocation.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, published in Entropy
Integrated Digital Inverters Based on Two-dimensional Anisotropic ReS2 Field-effect Transistors
Creators: name: Liu, Erfu
name: Fu, Yajun
name: Wang, Yaojia
name: Feng, Yanqing
name: Liu, Huimei
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Wang, Baigeng
name: Shao, Lubin
name: Ho, Ching-Hwa
name: Huang, Ying-Sheng
name: Cao, Zhengyi
name: Wang, Laiguo
name: Li, Aidong
name: Zeng, Junwen
name: Song, Fengqi
name: Wang, Xinran
name: Shi, Yi
name: Yuan, Hongtao
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Cui, Yi
name: Miao, Feng
name: Xing, Dingyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are emerging as top candidates for post-silicon electronics. While most of 2D TMDs exhibit isotropic behavior, lowering the lattice symmetry could induce anisotropic properties, which are both scientifically interesting and potentially useful. Here, we present atomically thin rhenium disulfide (ReS2) flakes with a unique distorted 1T structure, which exhibit in-plane anisotropic properties. We fabricated mono- and few-layer ReS2 field effect transistors (FETs), which exhibit competitive performance with large current on/off ratios (~107) and low subthreshold swings (100 mV dec-1). The observed anisotropic ratio along two principle axes reaches 3.1, which is the highest among all known 2D semiconducting materials. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated an integrated digital inverter with good performance by utilizing two ReS2 anisotropic FETs, suggesting the promising implementation of large-scale 2D logic circuits. Our results underscore the unique properties of 2D semiconducting materials with low crystal symmetry for future electronic applications.
description: accepted by Nature Communications; 23 pages, 4 figures
Giant density-of-states van Hove singularities in the face-centered cubic lattice
Creators: name: Igoshev, P. A.
name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All van Hove singularities in the density of states (DOS) of face-centered cubic lattice in the nearest and next-nearest neighbour approximation, focusing on higher-order ones, are found and classified. At special values of the ratio $τ$ of nearest and next-nearest neighbour hopping integrals, $t$ and $t'$, giant DOS singularities, caused by van Hove lines or surfaces, are formed. An exact formula for DOS which provides efficient numerical implementation is proposed. The standard tetrahedron method is demonstrated to be inapplicable due to its poor convergence in the vicinity of kinks caused by van Hove singularities. A comparison with the case of large space dimensionality (infinite coordination number) including next-nearest neighbours is performed.
description: 7 pages
Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity
Creators: name: Penna, Robert F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations indicate that black holes carrying linear momentum and/or orbital momentum can power jets. The jets extract the kinetic energy stored in the black hole's motion. This could provide an important electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave searches. We develop the theory underlying these jets. In particular, we derive the analogues of the Penrose process and the Blandford-Znajek jet power prediction for boosted black holes. The jet power we find is $(v/2M)^2 Φ^2/(4π)$, where $v$ is the hole's velocity, $M$ is its mass, and $Φ$ is the magnetic flux. We show that energy extraction from boosted black holes is conceptually similar to energy extraction from spinning black holes. However, we highlight two key technical differences: in the boosted case, jet power is no longer defined with respect to a Killing vector, and the relevant notion of black hole mass is observer dependent. We derive a new version of the membrane paradigm in which the membrane lives at infinity rather than the horizon and we show that this is useful for interpreting jets from boosted black holes. Our jet power prediction and the assumptions behind it can be tested with future numerical simulations.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, updated to match Phys. Rev. D version
Tellurium Hydrides at High Pressures: High-temperature Superconductors
Creators: name: Zhong, Xin
name: Wang, Hui
name: Zhang, Jurong
name: Liu, Hanyu
name: Zhang, Shoutao
name: Song, Hai-Feng
name: Yang, Guochun
name: Zhang, Lijun
name: Ma, Yanming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of high-temperature superconductivity in sulfur hydrides at megabar pressures has generated an irresistible wave on searching for new superconductors in other compressed hydrogen-rich compounds. An immediate effort is towards exploration of the relevant candidate of tellurium hydrides, where tellurium is isoelectronic to sulfur but it has a heavier atomic mass and much weaker electronegativity. The hitherto unknown phase diagram of tellurium hydrides at high pressures was investigated by a first-principles swarm structure search. Four energetically stable and metallic stoichiometries of H4Te, H5Te2, HTe and HTe3 were uncovered above 140 GPa, showing a distinct potential energy map of tellurium hydrides from those in sulfur and selenium hydrides. The two hydrogen-rich H4Te and H5Te2 species adopt ionic structures containing exotic quasi-molecular H2 and linear H3 units, respectively. Strong electron-phonon couplings associated with the intermediate-frequency H-derived wagging and bending modes make them good superconductors with high Tc in the range of 46-104 K.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures plus Supplemental materials. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1502.02607