cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter phase transition from finite temperature symmetry breaking of Klein-Gordon fields
Creators: name: Suárez, Abril
name: Matos, Tonatiuh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the thermal evolution of scalar field dark matter particles at finite cosmological temperatures is studied. Starting with a real scalar field in a thermal bath and using the one loop quantum corrections potential, we rewrite Klein-Gordon's (KG) equation in its hydrodynamical representation and study the phase transition of this scalar field due to a Z_2 symmetry breaking of its potential. A very general version of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is obtained. When introducing Madelung's representation, the continuity and momentum equations for a non-ideal SFDM fluid are formulated, and the cosmological scenario with the SFDM described in analogy to an imperfect fluid is then considered where dissipative contributions are obtained in a natural way.Additional terms appear compared to those obtained in the classical version commonly used to describe the \LambdaCDM model, i.e., the ideal fluid. The equations and parameters that characterize the physical properties of the system such as its energy, momentum and viscous flow are related to the temperature of the system, scale factor, Hubble's expansion parameter and the matter energy density. Finally, some details on how galaxy halos and smaller structures might be able to form by condensation of this SF are given.
description: Substantial changes have been made to the paper, following the referees recommendations. 16 pages. Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
The importance of being active
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The successful stimulus-response approach to the organization of behavior has been the dominating paradigm for much of the psychology and neuroscience of the 20th century. Martin Heisenberg is a pioneer in championing the idea that all brains, even comparatively simple ones such as those of insects, instead operate according to output-input principles. Since the 1970s, his research produces evidence that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is capable of spontaneous behavioral activity, and that the flies use it to control sensory input (i.e., operant behavior). Today, more and more evidence is accumulating also from fields outside of neuroscience that, indeed, one of the common, defining principles of all brains is this concept of operant behavior. Drawing from this evidence, it becomes clear that the conceptually simple process of generating activity and evaluating its consequences forms one of the fundamental cornerstones not only for all of our human nature, but also for our social coherence. This review recapitulates Heisenberg’s most critical experiments and provides an overview over the current literature on the role of spontaneous activity in the ecology and evolution of brains. I conclude that spontaneous activity is both a necessary prerequisite and an inevitable consequence of evolution.
Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Shen, Charles
name: Pena-Mora, Feniosky A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Blockchains (Databases)
Bitcoin
Cities and towns
Peer-to-peer architecture (Computer networks)
Sustainable development
Urbanization

description: Blockchain is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Numerous cities around the world are launching blockchain initiatives as part of the overall efforts toward shaping the urban future. However, the infancy stage of the blockchain industry leads to a severe gap between the knowledge we have and the actions urban policy makers are taking. This paper is an effort to narrow this rift. We provide a systematic literature review on concrete blockchain use cases proposed by the research community. At the macro-level, we discuss and organize use cases from 159 selected papers into nine sectors recognized as crucial for sustainable and smart urban future. At the micro-level, we identify a component-based framework and analyze the design and prototypes of blockchain systems studied in a subset of 71 papers. The high-level use case review allows us to illustrate the relationship between them and the four pillars of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental, and governmental. The system level analysis helps us highlight interesting inconsistencies between well-known blockchain applicability decision rules and the approaches taken by the literature. We also offer two classification methodologies for blockchain use cases and elaborate on how they can be applied to stimulate cross-sector insights in the blockchain knowledge domain.
Specifying the Significance of Historic Sites in Heritage Planning
Creators: name: Shirvani Dastgerdi, Ahmadreza
name: De Luca, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: heritage planning; preservation; historic urban landscape; sustainable development

description: Heritage planning is the preservation, conservation, rehabilitation, restoration and management of heritage resources. This paper aims to propose an approach for specifying the values and importance of historic sites. In this study, the Historic Ur­ban Landscape approach is taken as the research framework. This approach mo­ves beyond the preservation of the physical environment and focuses on the entire human environment with all its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increa­se the sustainability of planning and design interventions by taking into account the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socio-economic and environmental factors along with local community values. This study indicates that a values-centered planning approach has emerged as a way of formalizing strategies for dealing with preservation challenges. The importance of values-centered preserva­tion is the framework it offers for dealing holistically with historic sites and addressing both the contemporary and historic values of a place, a task which includes a report comprising written material and graphic material. The contents of the report should be arranged to suit the site and the limitations on the task, but it will generally be in two sections: first, the assessment of cultural significance and second, the statement of cultural significance. Therefore, determining the significance of historic places is to be considered as the basis for planning and implementing management strategies and sustainable development. Furthermore, heritage planning needs a progression that goes from identification, to evaluation, to management and together form a basis for preservation policies.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
title: "Statua di fanciullo in veste di Apollo, con testa ritratto non pertinente", arte romana, inv. CXXI (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Clementi, Jessica
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
On a generalized Wirtinger inequality
Creators: name: Croce, Gisella
name: Dacorogna, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we discuss a generalized Wirtinger inequality.
A Safavid Bureaucrat in the Ottoman World: Mirza Makhdum Sharifi Shirazi and the Quest for Upward Mobility in the İlmiye Hierarchy
Creators: name: Ghereghlou, Kioumars
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ṣafavid Dynasty (Iran)
Murad III, Sultan of the Turks, 1546-1595
Bureaucracy
Career development
History

description: This present article examines Mirza Makhdum Sharifi Shirazi’s (1540–87) life and career in the Ottoman Empire. Mirza Makhdum was a high-ranking Twelver Shiite bureaucrat in Safavid Iran, but after taking refuge with the Ottomans, he converted to Sunnism and started a new career as a judge in Diyarbakir, Bilad al-Sham, Baghdad, and the holy cities of the Hijaz. In this article, emphasis has been on his employment and professional advancement in the ilmiye, a milieu that was open on the one hand, but maintained ideological and institutional limitations on the other. I take the horizontality of his ilmiye career as a lens through which to explore nuances and complexities of professional advancement among the Iranian recruits of the Ottoman bureaucracy during the 16th century.
Inhibition of ATM kinase upregulates levels of cell death induced by cannabidiol and γ-irradiation in human glioblastoma cells
Creators: name: Ivanov, Vladimir N.
name: Wu, Jinhua
name: Wang, Tony Jau-Cheng
name: Hei, Tom K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Glioblastoma multiforme
Oncology
Cancer--Treatment
Apoptosis

description: Despite advances in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy, prognosis of the disease remains poor with a low survival rate. Cannabidiol (CBD) can induce cell death and enhance radiosensitivity of GBM but not normal astrocytes. Inhibition of ATM kinase is an alternative mechanism for radiosensitization of cancer cells. In this study, we increased the cytotoxic effects of the combination of CBD and gamma-irradiation in GBM cells through additional inhibition of ATM kinase with KU60019, a small molecule inhibitor of ATM kinase. We observed in GBM cells treated by CBD, gamma-irradiation and KU60019 high levels of apoptosis together with strong upregulation of the percentage of G2/M-arrested cells, blockade of cell proliferation and a massive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these changes caused both apoptotic and non-apoptotic inflammation-linked cell death. Furthermore, via JNK-AP1 activation in concert with active NF-(kappa)B, CBD upregulated gene and protein expression of DR5/TRAIL-R2 and sensitize GBM cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In contrast, CBD notably decreased in GBM surface levels of PD-L1, a critical immune checkpoint agent for T-lymphocytes. We also used in the present study TS543 human proneural glioma cells that were grown as spheroid culture. TS543 neurospheres exhibited dramatic sensitivity to CBD-mediated killing that was additionally increased in combination with gamma-irradiation and KU60019. In conclusion, treatment of human GBM by the triple combination (CBD, gamma-irradiation and KU60019) could significantly increase cell death levels in vitro and potentially improve the therapeutic ratio of GBM.
Different parameters support discrimination and generalization in Drosophila at the flight simulator
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
name: Hempel de Ibarra, N.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: We have used a genetically tractable model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to study the interdependence between sensory processing and associative processing on learning performance. We investigated the influence of variations in the physical and predictive properties of color stimuli in several different operant-conditioning procedures on the subsequent learning performance. These procedures included context and stimulus generalization as well as color, compound, and conditional discrimination (colors and patterns). A surprisingly complex dependence of the learning performance on the colors’ physical and predictive properties emerged, which was clarified by taking into account the fly-subjective perception of the color stimuli. Based on estimates of the stimuli’s color and brightness values, we propose that the different tasks are supported by different parameters of the color stimuli; generalization occurs only if the chromaticity is sufficiently similar, whereas discrimination learning relies on brightness differences.
Earthquakes, Reconstruction and Monumental Heritage
Creators: name: Carbonara, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: earthquake; restoration-conservation; reconstruction; small towns; landscape

description: To successfully reconstruct the towns in central Italy hit by a series of earthquakes in 2016–2017 means having access to high-quality specialist planning, capable of en­hancing all possible architectural remains, testimonies of an ancient beauty relating to architecture and landscape, and documents able to preserve the memory of these places.

This would avoid re-constructing buildings that are completely divorced from histori­cal reality or, on the contrary, purely theatrical: a sort of “musealization” created just for show that risks compromising the urban identity and the cultural and social identity of the territory.

For this reason, the presumed contrast between ‘conservation’ and ‘safety’ — two terms which seem, at first sight, to go irreconcilably in opposite directions — must be surmounted. In the wake of an excellent tradition of study in this field, such a contrast could be synthesized by reconfiguring them within the operative term of ‘restoration’ (it includes ‘maintenance’ and ‘prevention’ of an eminently conservative nature), which summarizes the two contrasting terms. On the one hand is the historical-humanistic area (which provides the reasons for ‘what’ to conserve and ‘why’) and on the other, the scientific-technical one (which gives the reasons for ‘how’ to conserve).

The will to proceed quickly is understandable but must, however, be tempered by the need to guarantee the right intervention methods both in the planning and in the ex­ecution phase. The temptation to adopt corrective technical solutions must be rejected and must, on the contrary, take into consideration the peculiar constructive identity of ancient buildings, the specific problems they present and duly seek the least invasive and most appropriate solutions case by case.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Copper ontology : being, beings, and belongings
Creators: name: Damon, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Striking stone against metal, Kwakwaka’wakw hereditary chief and carver Beau Dick (1955-2017) and his companions broke the Haida copper, Taaw on the steps of the Canadian Parliament buildings in 2014. This act was a call to action in dialogue with the Indigenous grassroots movement, Idle No More, and a revival of a shaming rite prohibited for over 60 years under the Indian Act. Following their journey to Ottawa, Taaw and the other coppers were displayed in the University of British Columbia Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery's 2016 exhibition, Lalakenis/All Directions: A Journey of Truth and Unity, described as both cultural belongings and living beings. The categories of belonging and being communicate ongoing and active relationships between the coppers and First Nations communities, as well as their statuses as sentient entities. Endowed with supernatural power, or ’nawalakw in Kwak’wala, coppers occupy a central position within potlatch ceremonies. While the term ‘belonging’ could be said to have imposed Western property language and objecthood on the coppers, the term ‘being’ introduced the coppers as active subjects in the copper-breaking ceremony. Since the nineteenth century, anthropologists have studied coppers as both economic property and animate objects in the potlatch system. A discussion of coppers as living beings can also be situated within a recent return to animism in anthropology and a wider rethinking of human/nonhuman categories in new materialism and posthumanist theories. Locating the Lalakenis exhibition within the ongoing debate over the display of sacred materials, I propose an ontology of coppers, beings and belongings in the intercultural public spaces of the National and Provincial capitals and the Belkin Gallery.
Operant reward learning in Aplysia
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Anticipating the future has a decided evolutionary advantage, and researchers have found many evolutionarily conserved mechanisms by which humans and animals learn to predict future events. Researchers often study such learned behavior using conditioning experiments. The marine snail Aplysia has been at the forefront of research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of classical conditioning. Recently, Aplysia has also gained a reputation as a valuable model system for operant reward learning. Its feeding behavior can be operantly conditioned in the intact animal as well as in reduced preparations of the nervous system. The reward signal relies on dopamine transmission and acts in conjunction with activity in an identified neuron (B51) to bring about operant memory.
Les Bleus: The Social, Political, and Cultural Influence of the French National Football Team
Creators: name: Lane, Peyton Craig
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: This thesis delineates the unique cultural influence of ‘Les Bleus’ – France’s National Football Team. The paper traces the evolution of the social, cultural, and political discourse in France from 1998 – the year of Les Bleus’ first World Cup triumph – to 2018 – the year of their most recent title. The qualitative approach utilized in this paper draws on interviews with academics and scholars and places them alongside media and political discourse to provide a holistic understanding of the influence that the team has wielded in France over the last two decades. This paper’s qualitative angle highlights the strong correlation that exists between the performances of Les Bleus and prevailing social, cultural, and political discourse. The findings presented throughout lend themselves to a handful of governmental strategies that would enhance Les Bleus’ cultural role, enabling continued social and political influence, while also protecting against the negative externalities of the team’s sporting failures.
Operant conditioning in invertebrates
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: CPG, central pattern generator; RPeD1, right pedal dorsal 1; RSK, ribosomal S6 kinase; US, unconditioned stimuli
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one’s own behavior (operant conditioning) is a simple form of learning that humans share with most other animals, including invertebrates. Three model organisms have recently made significant contributions towards a mechanistic model of operant conditioning, because of their special technical advantages. Research using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster implicated the ignorant gene in operant conditioning in the heat-box, research on the sea slug Aplysia californica contributed a cellular mechanism of behavior selection at a convergence point of operant behavior and reward, and research on the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis elucidated the role of a behavior-initiating neuron in operant conditioning. These insights demonstrate the usefulness of a variety of invertebrate model systems to complement and stimulate research in vertebrates.
title: "Statua di Ercole in riposo", arte romana, inv. CXXII (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Memory and Non-place: Visual Testimonies of Japanese Latin American Internment During WWII
Creators: name: Lee, Ana Paulina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Japanese Americans
Memory
World War (1939-1945)
History
Evacuation of civilians

description: This article addresses the little-known history of Japanese Latin American internment during WWII. Classified as ‘illegal aliens’ and ‘enemy aliens’, 2,264 Japanese Latin Americans were stripped of citizenship from their home countries, denied rights in the United States, and ultimately deprived reconciliation due to their undocumented status. Using the traces of this history as a case study, I explore the strategic memories Japanese Latin Americans create about non-place – spaces of statelessness or states of exception – that allow them to make claims about state violence committed against them under these conditions, and, second, argue that demands for justice against political violence entail not only bringing light to erased histories but also developing engaged acts of reception that account for survivors’ claims to the memories of non-place. Visual testimonies, such as the Denshō Digital Archive and the short documentary Hidden Internment: The Art Shibayama Story (2004), affectively connect a viewer/listener to the memory of trauma, to an inexpressible haunting, and thus are critical platforms for creating a collective memory between survivors and the digital generation of postmemory.
The Integrated Bicultural Referent of the Built Colonial Heritage: Social Housing Models in Oran (1954–1958), Algeria
Creators: name: Kara Mostefa, Loubna
name: Tabet Aoul, Kheira
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: built colonial heritage; cultural identity; social housing; cultural transfers

description: The built heritage of the 1950s French colonial era represents the complexity of the hybrid cultural identity bequeathed by history but attracts minimal interest and consid­eration as an accepted local heritage. This research focuses on the opportunities and misconceptions about cultural reinterpretations and on the role a given society plays in the definition of cultural and patrimonial identity. For this purpose, the paper explores four social housing models and their derivatives (Nid d’abeilles, Sémiramis, Trèfle and Brunie) built during the French colonial period between 1954 and 1958 in Oran, Alge­ria. The historical analysis, supported by a qualitative study of the spatio-temporal evo­lution of these public housing projects, is based on the dynamics of cultural transfers. It aims to understand the interweaving and evolution of formal, organizational and func­tional reinterpretations of architectural components generated by western architects and remodeled by the local population. The result identifies hybrid cultural housing and highlights the pivotal role of social stakeholders in the acceptance and accommodation of mixed models. It encourages the identification of sustained and integrated bicultural referents which reflect the contemporary cultural identity.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Attention deficit and hyperactivity in a Drosophila memory mutant
Creators: name: van Swinderen, B.
name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The primary function of a brain is to produce adaptive behavioral choices by selecting the right action at the right time. In humans, attention determines action selection as well as memory formation, whereas memories also guide which external stimuli should be attended to (Chun and Turk-Browne, 2007). The complex codependence of attention, memory, and action selection makes approaching the neurobiological basis of these interactions difficult in higher animals. Therefore, a successful reductionist approach is to turn to simpler systems for unraveling such complex biological problems. In a constantly changing environment, even simple animals have evolved attention-like processes to effectively filter incoming sensory stimuli. These processes can be studied in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, by a variety of behavioral and electrophysiological techniques. Recent work has shown that mutations affecting olfactory memory formation in Drosophila also produce distinct defects in visual attention-like behavior (van Swinderen, 2007; van Swinderen et al., 2009). In this study, we extend those results to describe visual attention-like defects in the Drosophila memory consolidation mutant radish1. In both behavioral and brain-recording assays, radish mutant flies consistently displayed responses characteristic of a reduced attention span, with more frequent perceptual alternations and more random behavior compared with wild-type flies. Some attentionlike defects were successfully rescued by administering a drug commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in humans, methylphenidate. Our results suggest that a balance between persistence and flexibility is crucial for adaptive action selection in flies and that this balance requires radish gene function.
The Operant and the Classical in conditioned orientation of Drosophila melanogaster at the flight simulator
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
name: Heisenberg, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Ever since learning and memory have been studied experimentally, the relationship between operant and classical conditioning has been controversial. Operant conditioning is any form of conditioning that essentially depends on the animal's behavior. It relies on operant behavior. A motor output is called operant if it controls a sensory variable. The Drosophila flight simulator, in which the relevant behavior is a single motor variable (yaw torque), fully separates the operant and classical components of a complex conditioning task. In this paradigm a tethered fly learns, operantly or classically, to prefer and avoid certain flight orientations in relation to the surrounding panorama. Yaw torque is recorded and, in the operant mode, controls the panorama. Using a yoked control, we show that classical pattern learning necessitates more extensive training than operant pattern learning. We compare in detail the microstructure of yaw torque after classical and operant training but find no evidence for acquired behavioral traits after operant conditioning that might explain this difference. We therefore conclude that the operant behavior has a facilitating effect on the classical training. In addition, we show that an operantly learned stimulus is successfully transferred from the behavior of the training to a different behavior. This result unequivocally demonstrates that during operant conditioning classical associations can be formed.
Heritage Values in the Rehabilitation of Gobbe-Sabz, Iran
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Mohsen
name: Mohammadi, Mohammad
name: Mondegari, Kazem
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: Gobbe-Sabz; heritage values; rehabilitation; Brandi's theory; creative process

description: Gobbe-Sabz (Green Cupola) is one of the most important and prominent build­ings in Kerman, Iran, dating back to the Qara-khitai dynasty (1222–1306 AD). It was a huge complex of buildings that was almost totally destroyed in an earthquake. Every building during its lifecycle from creation to deterioration acquires values that are important in making any decision about restoration. Brandi’s theory of restoration considers ruins as a work of art, claiming that they are the result of a unique, creative process. He asserts it is necessary to have a creative process for restoration to reclaim its significance in the human consciousness. Although there remains only a small part of Gobbe-Sabz, many remarkable heritage values have been added over time that could be helpful in the creative process for its conservation. The present situation of Gobbe-Sabz precludes rebuilding it as active and complete architecture, determining the process of rehabilitating its original condition. Moreover, some heritage values and meanings have been added to it across the years which are a collection of ideas and concepts that can be useful in deciding the conservation process. In this regard, this research proposes conservation strategies and a conceptual framework for the reha­bilitation of the historic ruins based on their current situation.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Personnalisation de Systèmes OLAP Annotés
Creators: name: Jerbi, Houssem
name: Pujolle, Geneviève
name: Ravat, Franck
name: Teste, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper deals with personalization of annotated OLAP systems. Data constellation is extended to support annotations and user preferences. Annotations reflect the decision-maker experience whereas user preferences enable users to focus on the most interesting data. User preferences allow annotated contextual recommendations helping the decision-maker during his/her multidimensional navigations.
Flight initiation and maintenance deficits in flies with genetically altered biogenic amine levels
Creators: name: Brembs, Björn
name: Christiansen, F.
name: Pflüger, J.
name: Duch, C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: octopamine; Drosophila; tyramine; motor behavior; modulation; invertebrate
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Insect flight is one of the fastest, most intense and most energy-demanding motor behaviors. It is modulated on multiple levels by the biogenic amine octopamine. Within the CNS, octopamine acts directly on the flight central pattern generator, and it affects motivational states. In the periphery, octopamine sensitizes sensory receptors, alters muscle contraction kinetics, and enhances flight muscle glycolysis. This study addresses the roles for octopamine and its precursor tyramine in flight behavior by genetic and pharmacological manipulation in Drosophila. Octopamine is not the natural signal for flight initiation because flies lacking octopamine [tyramine β-hydroxylase (TβH) null mutants] can fly. However, they show profound differences with respect to flight initiation and flight maintenance compared with wild-type controls. The morphology, kinematics, and development of the flight machinery are not impaired in TβH mutants because wing-beat frequencies and amplitudes, flight muscle structure, and overall dendritic structure of flight motoneurons are unaffected in TβH mutants. Accordingly, the flight behavior phenotypes can be rescued acutely in adult flies. Flight deficits are rescued by substituting octopamine but also by blocking the receptors for tyramine, which is enriched in TβH mutants. Conversely, ablating all neurons containing octopamine or tyramine phenocopies TβH mutants. Therefore, both octopamine and tyramine systems are simultaneously involved in regulating flight initiation and maintenance. Different sets of rescue experiments indicate different sites of action for both amines. These findings are consistent with a complex system of multiple amines orchestrating the control of motor behaviors on multiple levels rather than single amines eliciting single behaviors.
Comprehensive understanding of size-, shape-, and composition-dependent polarizabilities of SimCn (m, n = 1-4) clusters
Creators: name: Lan, You-Zhao
name: Kang, Hong-Lan
name: Niu, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the size-, shape-, and composition-dependent polarizabilities of the SimCn (m, n = 1 - 4) clusters by using the density functional based coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock method. The size-dependence of the polarizabilities of the SimCn (m, n = 1 - 4) clusters is more complicated than that of pure Sim and Cn (m, n = 1 - 8) clusters because for a given cluster size the heteroatomic clusters have more isomers than the homoatomic ones. For the shape-dependence, we consider three kinds of shape, linear (chain), prolate, and compact. For most clusters, we can clearly observe orders of α(linear) > α(prolate) and α(prolate) > α(compact) for a given composition. The composition-dependence of polarizabilities reveals that the linear clusters have an obvious larger polarizability than both the prolate and the compact clusters especially for a given m/n value. The shape effect makes a main contribution to determine the size of the polarizability. To understand the size of polarizability and the evolution of polarizability, we have tried many factors, such as the energy gap and binding energy, and defined a new parameter (Δq) that characterizes the redistribution of charge in cluster. We find that both the binding energy and the Δq are more available than the energy gap for reflecting the evolution of polarizabilities provided that both the cluster shape and one of the components in cluster are fixed. The correlation between the polarizability and the energy gap is poor, in agreement with the previous results.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, and 62 references
Paving the Path to Effective Programming: A Comparative Case Study on Experiential Programming in United States Prisons and Jails
Creators: name: Kim, Bokyoung
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: In this study, I answer the research question: which aspects of experiential education should be prioritized for individuals in jails versus prisons to make programming the most effective for those in the United States correctional system? While research has been done on the efficacy of prison programming generally, little research has been done on experiential programming in both jails and prisons. Current programming has the potential to be easily tailored to experiential programming, which has been shown to have vastly positive benefits. Thus, analyzing which factors within experiential programming are likely to have the greatest benefit on individuals may help improve key metrics such as recidivism rates. Through my comparative case study, I explore the factors that should be prioritized in experiential programming via interviews with 15 program administrators, academics, and experts in the field. I use the qualitative coding software Dedoose to organize my interview transcriptions into overarching themes and sub-themes to analyze the interview data and produce my findings. I find that experiential programming in prisons should prioritize a continuum of care and put an emphasis on empowerment, while experiential programming in jails should be shorter-term and emphasize healing. In both prisons and jails, programming that develops a sense of human connection and personalized care, specifically via mentor figures and trusted peers with similar life experiences, is most important. My policy recommendations regarding what experiential correctional programs should prioritize directly mirror my findings, as outlined above. By making small strategic changes to pre-existing programming, higher degrees of program effectiveness including a more stable return to society for those who have experienced incarceration are possible at minimal cost.
Role of the Open-Air Museum in the Conservation of the Rural Architectural Heritage
Creators: name: Pedram, Behnam
name: Amin Emami, Mohammad
name: Khakban, Mozhgan
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: open-air museum; ecomuseum; rural heritage museum; physical conservation

description: The world is changing faster than ever. In this context and with the dizzying speed of changes in modern life, which has separated people from nature, they are seeking to return to a closer relationship with their environment. Creating open-air museums is part of a human effort to meet these innate demands. Nowadays, there are various museums that are not limited to specific subjects and works but involve a series of houses gathered from different locations for a variety of reasons and installed else­where. Along with the attempt to reconstruct the original form of the village, city or industrial area, other sections have been added. In addition to familiarizing people with their past and their ancestors, these museums provide a variety of programs for pres­ent and future audiences. In this paper, we investigated the origin, the foundation, and the evolution process of open-air museums in different countries. Also, we reviewed the role of open-air museums in the physical conservation of rural architectural heri­tage. We answered the questions: why create an open-air museum and are there any harmful effects if we isolate these buildings from their original premises or transfer these houses to another location? The results indicated that despite the damage to the originality of the work, transfer to different locations is one of the best ways to save and conserve them. A descriptive-analytical method was used with documentary and field tools. This paper involves applied research and provides information about open-air museums.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Ultrafast graphene-based broadband THz detector
Creators: name: Mittendorf, Martin
name: Winnerl, Stephan
name: Kamann, Josef
name: Eroms, Jonathan
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Schneider, Harald
name: Held, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: free electron lasers, graphene, high-speed optical techniques, photoconductivity, terahertz wave detectors
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 84.40.-x
subject: G01J1/00

description: We present an ultrafast graphene-based detector, working in the THz range at room temperature. A logarithmic-periodic antenna is coupled to a graphene flake that is produced by exfoliation on SiO2. The detector was characterized with the free-electron laser FELBE for wavelengths from 8 μm to 220 μm. The detector rise time is 50 ps in the wavelength range from 30 μm to 220 μm. Autocorrelation measurements exploiting the nonlinear photocurrent response at high intensities reveal an intrinsic response time below 10 ps. This detector has a high potential for characterizing temporal overlaps, e.g., in two-color pump-probe experiments.
Connected by purse strings : fiscal decentralization and the nationalization of provincial party systems in Canada
Creators: name: Bettencourt, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: While some provincial party systems in Canada diverge significantly from the national level, others are relatively congruent with the federal party system. Congruence is one aspect of provincial party system nationalization. Why does provincial party competition mirror federal party competition in certain provinces but not in others? Some scholars theorize that strong national governments encourage the same parties to be competitive on both levels, while the decentralization of power to regional governments encourages electoral patterns to diverge between arenas. However, this relationship has been underexplored and warrants further examination. This thesis tests whether two aspects of fiscal decentralization, provincial spending power and fiscal dependence on the federal government, encourage provincial party system nationalization and congruence. No concrete evidence of this relationship is found, suggesting that fiscal decentralization does not encourage divergence between federal and provincial party systems or increase support for non-statewide parties on the provincial level.
Use of Oils for the Protection of Clay Mortars
Creators: name: Karozou, Aspasia
name: Stefanidou, Maria
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: clay mortars; oils; surface protection

description: In this study an effort has been made to find innovative and sustainable ways of increasing the hydrophobicity of clay-based mortars used in restoration by applying natural oils on the surface of selected samples. The concept was to find a new way of protecting the surface of these materials, but also to promote the idea of sustainability by using natural and recycled cooking oils. Thus, the oils applied for the surface protec­tion of the mortars were hemp oil, borage oil (natural) and recycled spent cooking oil. The tests conducted on the treated specimens were, a capillary absorption test, drying test, porosity, Karsten tube test, stereoscopic observation, color alteration using Mun­sell charts, water vapor test and absorption of water droplet test. The results indicate the protective role of all the oils, since they reduce porosity and water uptake. Borage and hemp oil tend to alter the color of the specimens, but offer increased hydropho­bicity, while the latter allowed the faster drying of the samples. The water vapor test indicates again the low level of water loss from the surface of the treated specimens, while for the specific test a sample with an admixture of recycled cooking oil inside the clay mass was created.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Studies of Bunch-bunch Interactions in the ANKA Storage Ring with Coherent Synchrotron Radiation using an Ultra-fast Terahertz Detection System
Creators: name: Müller, A.-S.
name: Balzer, B. M.
name: Caselle, M.
name: Hiller, N.
name: Hofherr, M.
name: Ilin, K. S.
name: Judin, V.
name: Kehrer, B.
name: Marsching, S.
name: Naknaimueang, S.
name: Nasse, M. J.
name: Raasch, J.
name: Scheuring, A.
name: Schuh, M.
name: Schwarz, M.
name: Siegel, M.
name: Smale, N. J.
name: Steinmann, Johannes L.
name: Thoma, P.
name: Weber, M.
name: Wuensch, S.
Publisher: name: Joint Accelerator Conferences Website (JACoW)
Year: 2013

description: In the low-alpha operation mode of the ANKA synchrotron light source, coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is emitted from short electron bunches. Depending on the bunch current, the radiation shows bursts of high intensity. These bursts of high intensity THz radiation display a time evolution which can be observed only on long time scales with respect to the revolution period. In addition, long range wake fields can introduce a correlation between the bunches within a bunch train and thus modify the observed behaviour. A novel detection system consisting of an ultra-fast superconducting THz detector and data acquisition system was used to investigate correlations visible on the bursting pattern and to study the interactions of very short pulses in the ANKA storage ring.
Use and Efficacy of Thermography for Stratigraphic Analysis of Historical Buildings
Creators: name: Crova, Cesare
name: Miraglia, Francesco
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: thermography; historical buildings; stratigraphic analysis; restoration

description: The use of thermography made it possible to investigate an ancient church viewed from a historical perspective, in order to learn more about its construction characteris­tics. This non-destructive diagnostic technique enabled a stratigraphic investigation of the structures in elevation to be conducted, resulting in the acquisition of new informa­tion and confirming the validity of its use in this complex field of application.

This initial phase of knowledge acquisition provided an opportunity to propose a line of study to be conducted through the application of various instruments and tech­niques, starting with thermography, in accordance with a rational order. Instrumental results of the investigations as they are carried out, might suggest the location of points in which to continue with subsequent investigations, while at the same time defining appropriate guidelines in assessing the results.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Thermoelectric spin accumulation and long-time spin precession in a noncollinear quantum dot spin valve
Creators: name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We explore thermoelectric spin transport and spin dependent phenomena in a noncollinear quantum dot spin valve setup. Using this setup, we demonstrate the possibility of a thermoelectric excitation of single spin dynamics inside the quantum dot. Many-body exchange fields generated on the single spins in this setup manifest as effective magnetic fields acting on the net spin accumulation in the quantum dot. We first identify generic conditions by which a zero bias spin accumulation in the dot may be created in the thermoelectric regime. The resulting spin accumulation is then shown to be subject to a fieldlike spin torque due to the effective magnetic field associated with either contact. This spin torque that is generated may yield long-time precession effects due to the prevailing blockade conditions. The implications of these phenomena in connection with single spin manipulation and pure spin current generation are then discussed.
Quantum Measurement and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect with Superposed Magnetic Fluxes
Creators: name: Bradonjić, Kaća
name: Swain, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the magnetic flux in a quantum mechanical superposition of two values and find that the Aharonov-Bohm effect interference pattern contains information about the nature of the superposition, allowing information about the state of the flux to be extracted without disturbance. The information is obtained without transfer of energy or momentum and by accumulated nonlocal interactions of the vector potential $\vec{A}$ with many charged particles forming the interference pattern, rather than with a single particle. We suggest an experimental test using already experimentally realized superposed currents in a superconducting ring and discuss broader implications.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; Changes from version 3: corrected typo (not present in versions 1 and 2) in Eq. 8; Changes from version 2: shortened abstract; added refs and material in Section IV. The final publication is available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11128-013-0652-3
Are they any good at all? A financial and ethical analysis of socially responsible mutual funds
Creators: name: Utz, Sebastian
name: Wimmer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: socially responsible Investment, performance analysis, mutual funds, ESG-scores
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In this article, we examine a broad sample of socially responsible (SR) and conventional mutual funds with respect to financial and ethical parameters. We cannot document profound differences in their financial performance. With regard to ethical performance, we indeed find that an investor who seeks to avoid the least ethical of all available funds can do so by purchasing SR mutual funds. Still, we also demonstrate that SR mutual funds are not holding considerably more ethical assets on average. Moreover, the label ‘SR mutual fund’ does not in any way guarantee the exclusion of clearly unethical firms, which contrasts to the common perception of screening out poor assets.