cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Public Libraries as Centres for Formal and Informal Learning
Creators: name: Goulding, Anne
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Education

description: From their earliest beginnings, public libraries have been associated with education. Supporting learning, both formal and informal, remains a core public library activity and the British Government has recently emphasised their educational nature, calling them "street corner universities". The implementation of the People's Network (linking all public libraries to the Internet) has further reinforced their role as providers of material and resources to support study. This paper will explore how public libraries in the United Kingdom facilitate lifelong learning and how they contribute to the UK Government'sskills and education agenda. Public Libraries as Learning Centres: Public libraries have a tradition of providing for broad-based educational needs and they have several advantages which can make them ideal sites for individuals to pursue educational development: they are accessible (in all senses); they have a wealth of resources (staff, space, printed and electronic material and ICT facilities); and they are perceived as being non-threatening, neutral and less intimidating than other more formal learning environments like schools or colleges. Working in partnership with other education providers, public libraries can truly be regarded as supporting lifelong learning in its widest sense, from cradle to grave. They support children's literacy skills from the earliest age, provide space and resources for school children's and older students' study needs and make available facilities and guidance for adult learners. Research Evidence: Using data from two recent research projects, this paper will explore how public libraries are positioning themselves within the skills and education agenda, illustrated by examples of best practice drawn from across the UK. It will also analyse the challenges that public libraries will have to address before they can fully realise their role as centres of learning.
Analysis of Soil Contamination Effects on Maize Plant using UAV-Mounted Multispectral Camera
Creators: name:  MASSIMILIANO GARGIULO
name:   CLAUDIA SAVARESE
name:   FRANCESCO TUFANO
name:   SARA PARRILLI
name:   MARIAVITTORIA VERRILLO
name:   VINCENZA COZZOLINO
name:   ALESSANDRO PICCOLO
name:   MARCO DE MIZIO
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: UAV
HEAVY METALS
SOIL CONTAMINATION
VEGETATION INDICES
REMOTE SENSING

description: Toxic substance contamination of the environment is a major issue. Remote sensing, which employs unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral or hyperspectral sensors, provides highresolution data without requiring destructive samples and can detect plant distress before visual symptoms occur. In this study, the effect of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) soil contamination on maize plant development was examined using multispectral data from a UAV, and preliminary results with the usage of hyperspectral are discussed. The findings of this work demonstrate the utility of DAV-based multispectral and/or hyperspectral analysis in predicting characteristic plant changes caused by soil changes, giving useful information for improving environmental monitoring efficiency.
The Lyman-alpha Forest as a tool for disentangling non-Gaussianities
Creators: name: Chongchitnan, Sirichai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of primordial non-Gaussianity will give us an unprecedented detail of the physics of inflation. As observational probes are now exploring new expanses of the inflationary landscape, it is crucial to distinguish and disentangle effects of various non-Gaussianities beyond f_NL. In this work, we calculate the effects of non-Gaussianities parametrized by f_NL and the cubic-order g_NL, on the Lyman-alpha-forest flux measurements. We give the expressions of the bias due to f_NL and g_NL, which can be deduced from accurate measurements of the transmitted flux. We show how these two effects can be cleanly disentangled via a flux transformation, which also keeps the error in check.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Phase Error Analysis for First-Order Linear Differential Microphone Arrays
Creators: name: Yan, Longfei
name: Huang, W
name: Kleijn, Willem
name: Abhayapala, TD
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: First-order Linear Differential Microphone Arrays (LDMAs) are sensitive to sensor imperfections such as phase errors. This paper analyses the impacts of both bounded and unbounded phase errors on first-order LDMAs. We propose a tolerance threshold that allows bounded phase errors to take various values. Moreover, White Noise Gain (WNG) thresholds for preventing mainlobe misorientation are obtained. Our work provides guidance for the design of robust first-order LDMAs.
A subset of Arabidopsis AP2 transcription factors mediates cytokinin responses in concert with a two-component pathway
Creators: name: Hutchison, C. E.
name: Rashotte, A. M.
name: Mason, M. G.
name: Ferreira, F. J.
name: Schaller, G. E.
name: Kieber, J. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The plant hormone cytokinin regulates numerous growth and developmental processes. A signal transduction pathway for cytokinin has been elucidated that is similar to bacterial two-component phosphorelays. In Arabidopsis, this pathway is comprised of receptors that are similar to sensor histidine kinases, histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators (ARRs). There are two classes of response regulators, the type-A ARRs, which act as negative regulators of cytokinin responses, and the type-B ARRs, which are transcription factors that play a positive role in mediating cytokinin-regulated gene expression. Here we show that several closely related members of the Arabidopsis AP2 gene family of unknown function are transcriptionally up-regulated by cytokinin through this pathway, and we have designated these AP2 genes CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTORS (CRFs). In addition to their transcriptional regulation by cytokinin, the CRF proteins rapidly accumulate in the nucleus in response to cytokinin, and this relocalization depends on the histidine kinases and the downstream histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, but is independent of the ARRs. Analysis of loss-of-function mutations reveals that the CRFs function redundantly to regulate the development of embryos, cotyledons, and leaves. Furthermore, the CRFs mediate a large fraction of the transcriptional response to cytokinin, affecting a set of cytokinin-responsive genes that largely overlaps with type-B ARR targets. These results indicate that the CRF proteins function in tandem with the type-B ARRs to mediate the initial cytokinin response. Thus, the evolutionarily ancient two-component system that is used by cytokinin branches to incorporate a unique family of plant-specific transcription factors.
Expressive Speech-driven Facial Animation with controllable emotions
Creators: name: Chen, Yutong
name: Zhao, Junhong
name: Zhang, Wei-Qiang
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 80103 Computer Graphics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: It is in high demand to generate facial animation with high realism, but it remains a challenging task. Existing approaches of speech-driven facial animation can produce satisfactory mouth movement and lip synchronization, but show weakness in dramatic emotional expressions and flexibility in emotion control. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based approach for expressive facial animation generation from speech that can exhibit wide-spectrum facial expressions with controllable emotion type and intensity. We propose an emotion controller module to learn the relationship between the emotion variations (e.g., types and intensity) and the corresponding facial expression parameters. It enables emotion-controllable facial animation, where the target expression can be continuously adjusted as desired. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that the animation generated by our method is rich in facial emotional expressiveness while retaining accurate lip movement, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.
Fishing Activities in WAWA Angono Lake at Angono Rizal: Impacts of Resource (Fisheries) Management
Creators: name: Siapno, Nerissa Ly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This research was undertaken to echo the importance of proper resource (fisheries) management application for the conservation and anti-exploitation measures of resources found in Angono “WAWA” Lake and to serve as a guide so that the fishing activities within the vicinity are conducted with minimal or if possible, no detrimental effects on the number of fish stocks and the totality of lake ecosystem. Furthermore, this would serve as an instrument to preserve the economic and social values of fishery.
An Indirect Estimation Approach of Underactuated Evader Strategy for Orbital Pursuit-evasion Game
Creators: name:  JIANG  SHAO
name:   QINGRUI ZHOU
name:   DONG YE
name:   YAN XIAO
name:   FRANCO BERNELLI-ZAZZERA
name:   ZHAOWEI SUN
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: PURSUIT-EVASION GAME
UNDERACTUATED SPACECRAFT
SADDLE-POINT STRATEGY PAIR
DIFFERENTIAL RICCATI EQUATION

description: This article presents an incomplete information game strategy for underactuated spacecraft pursuit-evasion problem in the absence of along-track control. Based on the underactuated dynamics, the linear constraint of underactuated players subject to the uncontrollable state variable is discussed. By using differential game theory, the underactuated saddle-point strategy pair is derived. Note that the underactuated players can also complete the three-dimensional orbital pursuit-evasion game. An indirect estimation approach is developed to calculate the control parameters of the evader to derive an incomplete information game strategy. Numerical simulations also verify the validity of the proposed underactuated game strategy.
Additively manufactured polymer composites for superconducting motor coil structures
Creators: name: Lumsden, Grant
name: Signamneni, Sarat
name: Ludbrook, Bart
name: Weijers, Huub
name: Badcock, rod
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Community-driven pathways to equitable open scholarly publishing
Creators: name: Arasteh-Roodsary, Sona Lisa
name: Bargheer, Margo
name: Barnes, Lucy
name: Blake, Oliver
name: Dreyer, Malte
name: Mounier, Pierre
name: Proudman, Vanessa
name: Rabar, Ursula
name: Rooryck, Johan
name: Stern, Niels
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Access, EU-Project

description: The poster provides an overview of the three EU-funded projects PALOMERA, DIAMAS and craft-OA.
An aged host promotes the evolution of avirulent coxsackievirus into a virulent strain
Creators: name: Belisle, S.
name: Beck, M. A.
name: Meydani, S. N.
name: Gay, R. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The emergence of new, more pathogenic viruses necessitates elucidation of factors that promote viral evolution. Aging, a potential factor, is associated with increased susceptibility to viral infections. We used the enterovirus coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to investigate the effects of host age on pathogenicity and viral gene sequence. Old mice infected with a normally amyocarditic strain of CVB3, CVB3/0, had significantly higher mean heart viral titers compared with CVB3/0-infected adult mice. To determine whether a change in the CVB3/0 viral population could contribute to the higher titers observed in the old infected mice, CVB3/0 was passed once through an old or adult host and the changes in pathogenicity and viral genome were examined after subsequent infection of old or adult mice. Adult mice infected with CVB3/0 that was passed through an old host (CVB3/0Old) exhibited significantly higher heart viral titers, pathology, and weight loss than adult mice infected with either stock CVB3/0 or CVB3/0 passed through an adult host (CVB3/0Adult). Sequence analysis of virus isolated from CVB3/0Old-infected mice revealed 13 specific and reproducible nucleotide changes. These changes result in a sequence that matches the virulent CVB3/20 strain and are associated with promoting cardiovirulence. In contrast, we observed only one nucleotide change, low heart viral titers, and no heart and liver pathology in adult mice infected with CVB3/0Adult. These results demonstrate that the aged host promotes rapid selection of a pathogenic variant of CVB3 from an avirulent strain and introduces a host–virus paradigm for studies of viral infection in the aged.
St. Lucie County Report: A Report Developed from the Martin-St. Lucie Counties Cooperative River Basin Study, a Water and Related Land Resources Report [Final Draft]
Creators: name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Economic Research Service
name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use
Production Economics
Productivity Analysis
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report: Due to budgetary constraints during the period that this study was initiated and undertaken, the study focus was changed to a study of the relationship of soils, current and projected land use, and habitat. Therefore, the sponsors recognize this study only as a land use study that compiles available published data related to the following items: 1. Potential water storage areas. 2. Future agricultural water needs. 3. Future urban and industrial water demands. 4. Environmentally sensitive areas and areas of special consideration for development. 5. Effects of interchange of groundwater between various aquifer levels. 6. Surface water quality. 7. Water quantities from various storm frequencies and surface runoff. 8. Flood data on non-incorporated areas not covered by flood insurance studies. 9. Potential for storing water outside the county for future use (interchange with Lake Okeechobee and other areas). 10. Water conservation programs.
description: The Cooperative River Basin Study for Martin and St. Lucie Counties was initiated at the request of the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of these two counties. Authority for participation in the study by the United States Department of Agriculture is granted under Public Law 83-566, Section 6. Within the USDA, the principal participants for this study are the Economic Research Service and the Soil Conservation Service.
Optimal sizing of an islanded micro-grid using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms considering demand-side management
Creators: name: Mohseni, Soheil
name: Brent, Alan
name: Burmester, Daniel
name: Chatterjee, Abhi
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This paper proposes a novel modeling approach for optimal sizing of the components of an islanded micro-grid subject to satisfying a reliability index for meeting the loads. The proposed micro-grid incorporates photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, a battery bank, an inverter, and an electric vehicle (EV) charging station. A demand-side management mechanism based on a deferrable load program is implemented and a model reduction technique is also utilized to mitigate the computational cost. Three different optimization algorithms, namely the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) are considered in this study to minimize the total cost of the system. The simulation studies have shown that although the WOA reduces the computational burden and requires much lower iterations compared with PSO and GA, it converges to sub-optimal solutions; therefore, it is not a good option for micro-grid planning purposes. Moreover, the results demonstrate that by charging coordination of EVs and deferring a pre-determined portion of the residential loads, overloading can be avoided and available components can be utilized better, which in turn reduces the sizes of the components and total cost of the system.
An essential role of NF- B in the "tumor-like" phenotype of arthritic synoviocytes
Creators: name: Li, X.
name: Makarov, S. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: A hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis is the formation of an aggressive, tumor-like structure called pannus that erodes the joint. A major cellular component of the pannus is the fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS), whose morphology strikingly resembles that of a transformed cell, but underlying mechanisms of this “transformation” are not known. Here, using animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, we show that arthritic FLS contain a substantial (>30%) fraction of bone marrow-derived precursors that can differentiate in vitro into various mesenchymal cell types, but inflammation prevents the multilineage differentiation. We show that the transcription factor NF-κB plays the key role in the repression of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of arthritic FLS. Furthermore, we show that specific activation of NF-κB profoundly enhances proliferation, motility, and matrix-degrading activity of FLS. We thus propose that arthritic FLS are mesenchymal stem cells whose differentiation is arrested at early stages of differentiation by activation of NF-κB.
Game-Theoretic Sectoral Demand Response Procurement in Multi-Energy Microgrid Planning
Creators: name: Mohseni, Soheil
name: Brent, Alan
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Multi-energy community microgrids (MGs) have been recognized as key enablers for harnessing distributed demand-side flexibility resources, especially when integrating storage. However, the literature on demand response-integrated community energy system design and dispatch optimization has, thus far, failed to concurrently maximize the flexibility potential in several energy carriers, thereby neglecting the potentially significant improvement opportunities of the associated business cases. In response, this paper introduces a novel Nash bargaining-based cooperative game approach for the optimal aggregator-mediated demand response scheduling of multi-energy community MGs serving electricity and thermal loads, as well as hydrogen as a transportation fuel. More specifically, the proposed approach systematically and effectively characterizes how the players share the resulting surplus from demand-side management in an equitable manner under the assumption that the interests of the players - the MG operator, sectoral demand response aggregators, and small-scale end-users - are neither completely opposed nor completely coincident. The proposed approach is then integrated into a meta-heuristic-based long-term MG planning method. A case study for a community-based residential users' aggregation scheme in Aotearoa-New Zealand demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in reducing the total discounted system cost of a multi-energy MG by 14% (equating to US1.9m) and 31% (US5.4m) respectively compared to the cases where: (i) the actors' behaviors are characterized using non-cooperative game theory under self-interestedness assumptions; and (ii) no demand response programs are implemented.
Stephanie Drenka Interview
Creators: name: Institute For Diversity & Civic Life
name: Department Of Religious Studies
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Religions Texas
Adoptees
Asian Americans
Catholicism
Community
Culture
Dallas Asian American Historical Society
DePaul University
Diversity and inclusivity
Family dynamics
GA - Marietta
Korea
Korean-Americans
Millennials
Non-profits
Race
Racism
Religious nones
Sexual assault
Texas
TX - Dallas
TX - Southlake
VISIBLE Magazine

description: This interview is with Stephanie Drenka is a writer and non-profit founder living in Dallas, TX. Stephanie talks about her life as a transracial adoptee and her relationship with Korea and the Korean culture of her biological family. She shares her experiences of racism and her involvement in Asian and Korean activism and history spaces. Stephanie also describes the goals of her non-profit organization the Dallas Asian American Historical Society, and what her work looks like and draws inspiration from. Content Warning: The following interview contains sensitive material. Please note that the interview includes discussion of anti-Asian racial slurs. These subjects will be discussed at 17:12-18:56 (in the transcript p. 6).
Unexpected impact of magnetic disorder on multiband superconductivity
Creators: name: Korshunov, M. M.
name: Efremov, D. V.
name: Golubov, A. A.
name: Dolgov, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze how the magnetic disorder affects the properties of the two-band $s_\pm$ and $s_{++}$ models, which are subject of hot discussions regarding iron-based superconductors and other multiband systems like MgB$_2$. We show that there are several cases when the transition temperature $T_c$ is not fully suppressed by magnetic impurities in contrast to the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory, but a saturation of $T_c$ takes place in the regime of strong disorder. These cases are: (1) the purely interband impurity scattering, (2) the unitary scattering limit. We show that in the former case the $s_\pm$ gap is preserved, while the $s_{++}$ state transforms into the $s_\pm$ state with increasing magnetic disorder. For the case (2), the gap structure remains intact.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Bases of biocontrol: Sequence predicts synthesis and mode of action of agrocin 84, the Trojan Horse antibiotic that controls crown gall
Creators: name: Kim, S.-U.
name: Nahm, B. H.
name: Kim, J.-G.
name: Choi, D.
name: Moon, J. S.
name: Farrand, S. K.
name: Hwang, I.
name: Reader, J. S.
name: Park, B. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, used worldwide to biocontrol crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, produces an antiagrobacterial compound called agrocin 84. We report the nucleotide sequence of pAgK84, a 44.42-kb plasmid coding for production of this disubstituted adenine nucleotide antibiotic. pAgK84 encodes 36 ORFs, 17 of which (agn) code for synthesis of or immunity to agrocin 84. Two genes, agnB2 and agnA, encode aminoacyl tRNA synthetase homologues. We have shown that the toxic moiety of agrocin 84 inhibits cellular leucyl-tRNA synthetases and AgnB2, which confers immunity to the antibiotic, is a resistant form of this enzyme. AgnA, a truncated homologue of asparaginyl tRNA synthetase could catalyze the phosphoramidate bond between a precursor of the methyl pentanamide side group and the nucleotide. We propose previously undescribed chemistry, catalyzed by AgnB1, to generate the precursor necessary for this phosphoramidate linkage. AgnC7 is related to ribonucleotide reductases and could generate the 3′-deoxyarabinose moiety of the nucleoside. Bioinformatics suggest that agnC3, agnC4, and agnC6 contribute to maturation of the methyl pentanamide, whereas agnC2 may produce the glucofuranose side group bound to the adenine ring. AgnG is related to bacterial exporters. An agnG mutant accumulated agrocin 84 intracellularly but did not export the antibiotic. pAgK84 is transmissible and encodes genes for conjugative DNA processing but lacks a type IV secretion system, suggesting that pAgK84 transfers by mobilization. By sequence analysis, the deletion engineered into pAgK1026 removed the oriT and essential tra genes, confirming the enhanced environmental safety of this modified form of pAgK84.
Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments on the Pacific Ocean Margin
Creators: name: Delwiche, M.
name: Lever, M.
name: Jorgensen, B. B.
name: Teske, A.
name: Nunoura, T.
name: Suzuki, M.
name: Nealson, K. H.
name: Lauer, A.
name: Horikoshi, K.
name: Inagaki, F.
name: D'Hondt, S.
name: Colwell, F. S.
name: Takai, K.
name: Nakagawa, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The deep subseafloor biosphere is among the least-understood habitats on Earth, even though the huge microbial biomass therein plays an important role for potential long-term controls on global biogeochemical cycles. We report here the vertical and geographical distribution of microbes and their phylogenetic diversities in deeply buried marine sediments of the Pacific Ocean Margins. During the Ocean Drilling Program Legs 201 and 204, we obtained sediment cores from the Peru and Cascadia Margins that varied with respect to the presence of dissolved methane and methane hydrate. To examine differences in prokaryotic distribution patterns in sediments with or without methane hydrates, we studied >2,800 clones possessing partial sequences (400–500 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene and 348 representative clone sequences (≈1 kbp) from the two geographically separated subseafloor environments. Archaea of the uncultivated Deep-Sea Archaeal Group were consistently the dominant phylotype in sediments associated with methane hydrate. Sediment cores lacking methane hydrates displayed few or no Deep-Sea Archaeal Group phylotypes. Bacterial communities in the methane hydrate-bearing sediments were dominated by members of the JS1 group, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. Results from cluster and principal component analyses, which include previously reported data from the West and East Pacific Margins, suggest that, for these locations in the Pacific Ocean, prokaryotic communities from methane hydrate-bearing sediment cores are distinct from those in hydrate-free cores. The recognition of which microbial groups prevail under distinctive subseafloor environments is a significant step toward determining the role these communities play in Earth’s essential biogeochemical processes.
An Analysis of HPAI Risk Factors by Characteristics of Poultry Farm
Creators: name: An, Miran
name: An, Miran
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: HPAI
subject: Risk factor
subject: Characteristics of poultry farm

description: The purpose of this study is to identify the risk areas of HPAI in Korea and to analyze the feasibility of establishing an epidemic prevention zone. The geographical influences of HPAI are compared and analyzed by species, and the risk factors are analyzed based on classification of farm size, farm density, the characteristics of farms in the area of protection, geographical features, road networks and geographical characteristics by using the binomial logit model. For farms laying hens, commercial ducks, and parent duck stock, the higher the number of marrows, the higher the likelihood of the outbreak, while the lower the ratio of broiler chicks, the higher the probability of onset. Among the geographical features, migratory birds are shown to increase the probability of developing HPAI in all species. However, other variables show different results depending on poultry species.
Formation and Rupture of Ca$^{2+}$ Induced Pectin Biopolymer Gels
Creators: name: Basak, Rajib
name: Bandyopadhyay, Ranjini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When calcium salts are added to an aqueous solution of polysaccharide pectin, ionic cross-links form between pectin chains, giving rise to a gel network in dilute solution. In this work, dynamic light scattering (DLS) is employed to study the microscopic dynamics of the fractal aggregates (flocs) that constitute the gels, while rheological measurements are performed to study the process of gel rupture. As calcium salt concentration is increased, DLS experiments reveal that the polydispersities of the flocs increase simultaneously with the characteristic relaxation times of the gel network. Above a critical salt concentration, the flocs become interlinked to form a reaction-limited fractal gel network. Rheological studies demonstrate that the limits of the linear rheological response and the critical stresses required to rupture these networks both decrease with increase in salt concentration. These features indicate that the ion-mediated pectin gels studied here lie in a `strong link' regime that is characterised by inter-floc links that are stronger than intra-floc links. A scaling analysis of the experimental data presented here demonstrates that the elasticities of the individual fractal flocs exhibit power-law dependences on the added salt concentration. We conclude that when pectin and salt concentrations are both increased, the number of fractal flocs of pectin increases simultaneously with the density of crosslinks, giving rise to very large values of the bulk elastic modulus.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Theoretical analysis on ac susceptibility measurements of superconductor tapes
Creators: name: Chen, DX
name: Sun, Yueming
name: Li, S
name: Fang, J
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Perpendicular ac susceptibility X = X' - jX′ of a superconducting long tape defined by magnetic moment and determined inductively by magnetic flux is calculated using Brandt's technique from a power-law dependence of electric field on sheet current density. The requirements of X measurements to the experimental setup and procedure are discussed based on the calculation results.
Calbindin D9k knockout mice are indistinguishable from wild-type mice in phenotype and serum calcium level
Creators: name: DeLuca, H. F.
name: Kutuzova, G. D.
name: Kimmel-Jehan, C.
name: Christakos, S.
name: Akhter, S.
name: Vanhooke, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Since the discovery of calbindin D9k, its role in intestinal calcium absorption has remained unsettled. Further, a wide distribution of calbindin D9k among tissues has argued for its biological importance. We discovered a frameshift deletion in the calbindin D9k gene in an ES cell line, E14.1, that originated from 129/OlaHsd mice. We produced mice with the mutant calbindin D9k gene by injecting the E14.1 ES cell subline into the C57BL/6 host blastocysts and proved that these mice lack calbindin D9k protein. Calbindin D9k knockout mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice in phenotype, were able to reproduce, and had normal serum calcium levels. Thus, calbindin D9k is not required for viability, reproduction, or calcium homeostasis.
Pleasure and danger: A running-woman in ‘public’ space. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health, 15 (3)
Creators: name: Allen-Collinson, Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 441008
subject: Sociology of culture
classificationCode: 441010
subject: Sociology of gender
classificationCode: 420799
subject: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 500310
subject: Phenomenology
classificationCode: 440503
subject: Feminist theory

description: The French existentialist philosopher, Simone de Beauvoir, long ago signalled the potentially empowering force of outdoor exercise and recreation for women, drawing on feminist phenomenological perspectives. Feminist phenomenological research in sport and exercise, however, remains relatively scarce, and this article contributes to a small, developing research corpus by employing a feminist phenomenological theoretical framework to analyse lived experiences of running in ‘public’ space. As feminist theorists have argued, such space is gendered and contested, and women’s mobility remains constrained by fears of harassment and violent attack. Running also generates intense pleasure, however, and embodied empowerment. Drawing on findings from two separate but linked automethodological running research projects, here I explore salient and overlapping themes cohering around lived experience of pleasure and danger in both urban and rural spaces.
Emergence of Novel Antiferromagnetic Order Intervening between Two Superconducting Phases in LaFe(As_1-x_P_x_)O: 31P-NMR Studies
Creators: name: Mukuda, H.
name: Engetsu, F.
name: Shiota, T.
name: Lai, K. T.
name: Yashima, M.
name: Kitaoka, Y.
name: Miyasaka, S.
name: Tajima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revealed novel phase deagram of Fe-pnictide high-Tc superconductor LaFe(As_{1-x}P_{x})O in wide doping level (0.3
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Common dynamical signatures of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated structurally diverse Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutants
Creators: name: Dokholyan, N. V.
name: Khare, S. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: More than 100 structurally diverse point mutations leading to aggregation in the dimeric enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are implicated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Although SOD1 dimer dissociation is a known requirement for its aggregation, the common structural basis for diverse FALS mutations resulting in aggregation is not fully understood. In molecular dynamics simulations of wild-type SOD1 and three structurally diverse FALS mutants (A4V, G37R, and H46R), we find that a common effect of mutations on SOD1 dimer is the mutation-induced disruption of dynamic coupling between monomers. In the wild-type dimer, the principal coupled motion corresponds to a “breathing motion” of the monomers around an axis parallel to the dimer interface, and an opening–closing motion of the distal metal-binding loops. These coupled motions are disrupted in all three mutants independent of the mutation location. Loss of coupled motions in mutant dimers occurs with increased disruption of a key stabilizing structural element (the β-plug) leading to the de-protection of edge strands. To rationalize disruption of coupling, which is independent of the effect of the mutation on global SOD1 stability, we analyze the residue–residue interaction network formed in SOD1. We find that the dimer interface and metal-binding loops, both involved in coupled motions, are regions of high connectivity in the network. Our results suggest that independent of the effect on protein stability, altered protein dynamics, due to long-range communication within its structure, may underlie the aggregation of mutant SOD1 in FALS.
Shielding Effect of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-d-Coated Conductors on Eddy Current Loss of Adjacent Metal Layers under AC Magnetic Fields with Various Orientations
Creators: name: Sun, Yueming
name: Long, Nicholas
name: Sidorov, Gennady
name: Fang, J
name: Badcock, Rodney
name: Jiang, Zhenan
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Condensed Matter Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-d (REBCO) coated conductors are becoming a preferred wire choice for many potential high temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, where additional metal layers are usually attached to the REBCO conductors to improve reliability and stability. In such cases, the eddy current loss in the metal layers is affected by the magnetic field shielding by adjacent REBCO coated conductors. Here we present the ac loss measurement and simulation results in three copper-superconductor stacks comprising a 10-mm-wide Fujikura-coated conductor with one, two, and four 0.1-mm-thick, 10-mm-wide copper strips, under various applied magnetic field angles (defined by the angle between the applied magnetic field and the wide face of the superconductor) from 15° to 90° at 77 K. The amplitude of the magnetic field is up to 100 mT. The shielding effect, which reduces the eddy current loss in the metal layers stacked with a superconductor layer, increases with decreasing field angles, due to the change of the effective penetration field at the different field angles. The eddy current loss in the copper strips in the copper-superconductor stacks under the magnetic fields with various orientations is dominated by the perpendicular magnetic field component.
Crystal structure of human histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Wang, F.
name: Wan, K.
name: Lei, M.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Yamane, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) was recently identified as the first histone demethylase that specifically demethylates monomethylated and dimethylated histone H3 at K4. It is a component of the CoREST and other corepressor complexes and plays an important role in silencing neuronal-specific genes in nonneuronal cells, but the molecular mechanisms of its action remain unclear. The 2.8-Å-resolution crystal structure of the human LSD1 reveals that LSD1 defines a new subfamily of FAD-dependent oxidases. The active center of LSD1 is characterized by a remarkable 1,245-Å3 substrate-binding cavity with a highly negative electrostatic potential. Although the protein core of LSD1 resembles other flavoenzymes, its enzymatic activity and functions require two additional structural modules: an N-terminal SWIRM domain important for protein stability and a large insertion in the catalytic domain indispensable both for the demethylase activity and the interaction with CoREST. These results provide a framework for further probing the catalytic mechanism and the functional roles of LSD1.
Kloosterman paths and the shape of exponential sums
Creators: name: Kowalski, Emmanuel
name: Sawin, William F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T23, 11L05, 14F20, 60F17, 60G17, 60G50

description: We consider the distribution of the polygonal paths joining partial sums of classical Kloosterman sums, as their parameter varies modulo a prime tending to infinity. Using independence of Kloosterman sheaves, we prove convergence in the sense of finite distributions to a specific random Fourier series. We also consider Birch sums, for which we can establish convergence in law in the space of continuous functions. We then derive some applications.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
Discovery of a small-molecule HIV-1 integrase inhibitor-binding site
Creators: name: Borchers, C. H.
name: Burke, T. R.
name: Witvrouw, M.
name: Neamati, N.
name: Fikkert, V.
name: Dayam, R.
name: Al-Mawsawi, L. Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Herein, we report the identification of a unique HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor-binding site using photoaffinity labeling and mass spectrometric analysis. We chemically incorporated a photo-activatable benzophenone moiety into a series of coumarin-containing IN inhibitors. A representative of this series was covalently photo-crosslinked with the IN core domain and subjected to HPLC purification. Fractions were subsequently analyzed by using MALDI-MS and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS to identify photo-crosslinked products. In this fashion, a single binding site for an inhibitor located within the tryptic peptide 128AACWWAGIK136 was identified. Site-directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro inhibition assays resulted in the identification of two specific amino acid residues, C130 and W132, in which substitutions resulted in a marked resistance to the IN inhibitors. Docking studies suggested a specific disruption in functional oligomeric IN complex formation. The combined approach of photo-affinity labeling/MS analysis with site-directed mutagenesis/molecular modeling is a powerful approach for elucidating inhibitor-binding sites of proteins at the atomic level. This approach is especially important for the study of proteins that are not amenable to traditional x-ray crystallography and NMR techniques. This type of structural information can help illuminate processes of inhibitor resistance and thereby facilitate the design of more potent second-generation inhibitors.
Disruption of axo-glial junctions causes cytoskeletal disorganization and degeneration of Purkinje neuron axons
Creators: name: Crawley, J. N.
name: Tessarollo, L.
name: Garcia-Fresco, G. P.
name: Bhat, M. A.
name: Moy, S. S.
name: Sousa, A. D.
name: Dupree, J. L.
name: Pillai, A. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Axo–glial junctions (AGJs) play a critical role in the organization and maintenance of molecular domains in myelinated axons. Neurexin IV/Caspr1/paranodin (NCP1) is an important player in the formation of AGJs because it recruits a paranodal complex implicated in the tethering of glial proteins to the axonal membrane and cytoskeleton. Mice deficient in either the axonal protein NCP1 or the glial ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) display disruptions in AGJs and severe ataxia. In this article, we correlate these two phenotypes and show that both NCP1 and CGT mutants develop large swellings accompanied by cytoskeletal disorganization and degeneration in the axons of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. We also show that αII spectrin is part of the paranodal complex and that, although not properly targeted, this complex is still formed in CGT mutants. Together, these findings establish a physiologically relevant link between AGJs and axonal cytoskeleton and raise the possibility that some neurodegenerative disorders arise from disruption of the AGJs.
Role of asymmetric critical current on magnetization loss characteristics of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-d coated conductors at various temperatures
Creators: name: Sun, Yueming
name: Fang, J
name: Pantoja, Andres
name: Badcock, Rodney
name: Long, Nicholas
name: Jiang, Zhenan
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Commercial high-Tc superconducting (HTS) coated conductors exhibit asymmetric Ic (B, θ) characteristics, where B presents a DC magnetic field and θ is defined as the angle between an applied magnetic field and the normal component of the superconductor plane. The asymmetric Ic (B, θ) characteristics have a non-trivial influence on the dominant loss component, magnetization loss, of various HTS applications where HTS conductors are exposed to an AC magnetic field. Here, we present measurements of Ic (B, θ) and magnetization loss in a 12 mm-wide (Rare Earth)Ba2Cu3O7-d (REBCO) commercial coated conductor at 77, 70, and 65 K. In the Ic (B, θ) measurement, θ was varied around a full 360 ° revolution and B was varied up to 0.2 T. In terms of the magnetization loss measurement, the applied AC magnetic field amplitude is up to 110 mT and the field angle varied from 0 ° to 180 °. At the three given temperatures, we observed magnetization loss variations among the field-angle range, in particular, for θ and 180 °- θ, which are in mirror symmetry relative to the superconducting plane. Furthermore, this asymmetric field-angle dependence of the magnetization loss becomes more apparent at higher applied field amplitudes and lower operating temperatures. A finite element method simulation using H-formulation was carried out by directly interpolating the measured Ic (B, θ) data, and the simulation results reproduce the trend of the experimental results. We also found that the magnetization loss is not equivalent within the positive and negative half field cycles due to the asymmetric Ic (B, θ) characteristics of the conductor. Numerical simulations revealed a clear correlation between the magnetization loss and the asymmetric Ic (B, θ) data for the whole 360 ° field-angle range in the REBCO conductor. The asymmetry in the Ic (B, θ) data about the ab-peak causes differences in magnetization loss values for the mirror-symmetric field angles. The asymmetry in the Ic (B, θ) data upon field reversal also results in differences between magnetization loss values for the positive and negative cycles.
Generation and detection of a sub-Poissonian atom number distribution in a one-dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Béguin, J. -B.
name: Bookjans, E.
name: Christensen, S. L.
name: Sørensen, H. L.
name: Müller, J. H.
name: Appel, J.
name: Polzik, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate preparation and detection of an atom number distribution in a one-dimensional atomic lattice with the variance $-14$ dB below the Poissonian noise level. A mesoscopic ensemble containing a few thousand atoms is trapped in the evanescent field of a nanofiber. The atom number is measured through dual-color homodyne interferometry with a pW-power shot noise limited probe. Strong coupling of the evanescent probe guided by the nanofiber allows for a real-time measurement with a precision of $\pm 8$ atoms on an ensemble of some $10^3$ atoms in a one-dimensional trap. The method is very well suited for generating collective atomic entangled or spin-squeezed states via a quantum non-demolition measurement as well as for tomography of exotic atomic states in a one-dimensional lattice.