Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal 1835
Creators: name: Skuhrovec, Jiří
name: Gosik, Rafał
name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Košťál, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Sibinia
Sibinia attalica

description: <i>Sibinia attalica</i> Gyllenhal, 1835 Caldara, 1985: 58. <b>Material examined</b>. 11 larvae from seeds of <i>Silene gallica</i> L. collected 27.v. 1979 at Santa Lucia di Siniscola (Nuoro province, Sardinia), leg. R. Caldara, and 31 (13 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 18 &amp;female;&amp;female;) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus <i>Sibinia</i> and Table. 3. <b>Description of mature larva.</b> COLORATION. Head brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments white to whitish yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 0.75–0.88 mm (see Table. 1). Endocarinal line present, distinctly reaching middle of frons. <i>Des</i> <i>1</i> very short, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; <i>des</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>3</i> long, located along frontal suture; <i>des</i> <i>4</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (Fig. 1). <i>Fs</i> <i>1</i> and <i>fs</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>fs</i> <i>3</i> minute, located medially; <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma) (Fig. 1). <i>Les</i> almost as long as <i>des</i> <i>3</i>; both <i>ves</i> short. Postepicranial area without <i>pes</i> and with 5 sensilla. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (Fig. 4). Clypeus (Fig. 5) 2.5 times as wide as long; without setae, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum (Fig. 5) approximately 2 times as wide as long; <i>lms</i> <i>1</i> distinctly shorter than <i>lms</i> <i>2</i>, and as long as <i>lms</i> <i>3</i>; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 6) with 2 finger-like <i>als</i>, different in length; with 3 short <i>ams</i>, <i>ams</i> <i>1</i> as long as <i>ams</i> <i>2</i>; with 2 relatively short and finger-like <i>mes</i> (see comments about <i>ams</i> and <i>mes</i> in Material and Methods); labral rods short, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 3) with 1 very short <i>mds</i>. Maxilla (Fig. 2): stipes with 1 long <i>stps</i>, and with 2 long <i>pfs</i>, <i>pfs</i> <i>1</i> 2 times as long as <i>pfs</i> <i>2</i>; 1 very short <i>mbs</i>; mala with 4 slightly curved <i>dms</i>, different in length; with 3 moderately short <i>vms</i>, almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1: 1.5; basal palpomera with 1 short <i>mxps</i>; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 2) almost rounded, with 1 <i>prms</i>; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 2 very short to short <i>ligs</i>; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum (Fig. 2) with 2 <i>pms</i>, <i>pms</i> <i>1</i> absent, long <i>pms</i> <i>2</i>, 2 times as long as <i>pms</i> <i>3</i>. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 4.30–5.30 mm (see Table. 1), elongate (Fig. 7). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII (Fig. 7). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately long to very short and light yellow. <b>Thorax.</b> Prothorax (Fig. 8) with 7 <i>prn</i>, 6 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately long <i>ps</i> of same length; 1 short <i>eus</i>. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 8) with 1 long <i>prs</i>; 2 <i>pds</i>, different in length; alar area with 1 moderately long <i>as</i>; 1 moderately long <i>ss</i>; 1 moderately long <i>eps</i>; 2 moderately short <i>ps</i>, similar in length; and 1 short <i>eus</i>. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2–4 moderately long <i>pda</i>. <b>Abdomen.</b> Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs. 9, 10) with 1 long <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> very short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> very long; 2 <i>ss</i> of different length, <i>ss</i> <i>1</i> very short to minute, <i>ss</i> <i>2</i> long; 2 <i>eps</i> moderately long, in equal length; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> very short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> long; 1 long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 very short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 10) with 1 short <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> minute, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> short; 1 minute <i>ss</i>; 2 short <i>eps</i> in equal length; 2 short <i>ps</i> of different length; 1 short <i>lsts</i>; and 2 very short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 10) with 1 short <i>ds</i>; 2 short <i>ps</i> of different length; and 2 short <i>sts</i> in equal length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (Fig. 10) without setae. <b>Description of pupa.</b> COLORATION. Body yellow. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 11–15). Body length 2.75–4.35 mm; widest part 1.55–2.20 mm (see Table. 2). Body rather elongated and slender. Rostrum long, approximately 6 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 2.2 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 11–15). Setae distinct, short, unequal in length, light brown or brown, almost as thornlike. <i>Vs</i> and <i>os</i> slightly longer than other setae of head and rostrum (Fig. 12). <i>Ds</i> slightly shorter than other setae on pronotum (Fig. 14). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on thorn-like protuberances, short, curved. Pseudocerci short, conical. <b>Biological observations.</b> After feeding on seeds, mature larvae left the capsule and entered the soil. Pupation was observed 10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 10 days later. <b>Remarks.</b> This is a common species with a wide circum-Mediterranean distribution. It was reported to live on several species belonging to the genus <i>Silene</i> (<i>S</i>. <i>arenarioides</i> Desf., <i>S</i>. <i>conica</i> L., <i>S</i>. <i>gallica</i> L., <i>S</i>. <i>maritima</i> With., and <i>S</i>. <i>mellifera</i> Boiss. &amp; Reut.: Hoffmann 1955; Scherf 1964; Caldara 1985), which produce large seeds. Before the revision of the genus by Caldara (1985), this species was confused with <i>S</i>. <i>femoralis</i>, and therefore, much of the data on the host plants are doubtful.
description: Published as part of <i>Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Košťál, Michael, 2015, Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 2</i> on pages 155-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239116
description: {"references": ["Caldara, R. (1985) Revisione delle Sibinia paleartiche (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 62 / 63 (1983 - 1984), 24 - 105.", "Hoffmann, A. (1955) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207.", "Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335."]}