cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The phase response of the cortical slow oscillation
Creators: name: Weigenand, Arne
name: Martinetz, Thomas
name: Claussen, Jens Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cortical slow oscillations occur in the mammalian brain during deep sleep and have been shown to contribute to memory consolidation, an effect that can be enhanced by electrical stimulation. As the precise underlying working mechanisms are not known it is desired to develop and analyze computational models of slow oscillations and to study the response to electrical stimuli. In this paper we employ the conductance based model of Compte et al. [J Neurophysiol 89, 2707] to study the effect of electrical stimulation. The population response to electrical stimulation depends on the timing of the stimulus with respect to the state of the slow oscillation. First, we reproduce the experimental results of electrical stimulation in ferret brain slices by Shu et al. [Nature 423, 288] from the conductance based model. We then numerically obtain the phase response curve for the conductance based network model to quantify the network's response to weak stimuli. Our results agree with experiments in vivo and in vitro that show that sensitivity to stimulation is weaker in the up than in the down state. However, we also find that within the up state stimulation leads to a shortening of the up state, or phase advance, whereas during the up-down transition a prolongation of up states is possible, resulting in a phase delay. Finally, we compute the phase response curve for the simple mean-field model by Ngo et al. [Europhys Lett 89, 68002] and find that the qualitative shape of the PRC is preserved, despite its different mechanism for the generation of slow oscillations.
title: Collaborative Tagging of Phenotypic Data for Clinical and Translational Sciences
Creators: name: Allan, James
name: Croft, W. Bruce
name: Houston, Thomas K.
name: Sadasivam, Rajani S.
name: Kamberi, Ariana
name: Kong, Weize
name: Kim, Youngho
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: To fully understand results derived from genetic research, a patient’s genotype data must be integrated with other information about the individual (vital signs, height/weight, lab values, disease history – the phenotype of the patient) that can be obtained through clinical records. Within the clinical and translational sciences awards (CTSA), significant effort has been supported to expand translational research through the creation and mining of a phenotypic data warehouse (i2b2) that can be further linked to genotype data. However, this is just a first step towards meaningful use of the available information. Much of the information in electronic clinical records is trapped in unstructured free text, and inaccessible. Transforming this information into usable data has great potential to improve personalized healthcare and enhance the scientific enterprise. We are using “collaborative tagging,” a newer web 2.0 phenomenon used to structure information for accessibility online in which groups of individuals can add any word or phrase as a tag to identify an object (a weblog entry, a picture, etc.). Because taggers create whatever they deem as the most important tags, and are not required to select from a complex tree of predetermined tags, folksonomies can be a more palatable form of data entry than selected from a complex, predetermined list of tags. We will present our results on tagging of clinical notes by UMMS and community-based providers. This presentation was part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Data-Driven Approaches for Health Informatics.
A static and spherically symmetric hairy black hole in the framework of the Gravitational Decoupling
Creators: name: Avalos, R.
name: Bargueño, P.
name: Contreras, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we construct a static and spherically symmetric black hole geometry supported by a family of generic mono-parametric sources thorough the Gravitational Decoupling. The parameter characterizing the matter sector can be interpreted as hair which cannot be associated to any global charge. Although the solution is constructed by demanding the weak energy condition, we find that the resulting matter sector satisfies all the energy conditions at and outside the horizon. We study the effect of the hair on the periastron advance and the gravitational lensing of the black hole. We estimate the best WKB order to compute the quasinormal frequencies for scalar, vector and tensor perturbation fields.
title: Recommender Systems For Computer Tailored Health Communications
Creators: name: Sadasivam, Rajani S.
name: Marlin, Benjamin M.
name: Allan, James
name: Houston, Thomas K.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Presentation on the development of a recommender system for a computer-tailored health communications tool that assists with helping tobacco users to quit smoking. This presentation was part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Smartphones, Sensors, and Social Networks: The New Tools of Health Behavior Change.
Multifluid simulations of the Magnetorotational Instability in protostellar disks
Creators: name: O'Keeffe, Wayne
name: Downes, Turlough P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent motion driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is believed to provide an anomalous viscosity strong enough to account for observed accretion rates in protostellar accretion disks. In the first of two papers, we perform large-scale, three fluid simulations of a weakly ionised accretion disk and examine the linear and non-linear development of the MRI in the net-flux and zero net-flux cases. This numerical study is carried out using the multifluid MHD code HYDRA. We examine the role of non-ideal effects, including ambipolar diffusion, the Hall effect, and parallel resistivity, on the non-linear evolution of the MRI in weakly ionised protostellar disks in the region where the Hall effect is believed to dominate. We find that angular momentum transport, parametrised by the alpha parameter, is enhanced by inclusion of non-ideal effects in the parameter space of the disk model. The case where the angular momentum and magnetic field are anti-parallel is explored and the Hall effect is shown to have a stabilizing influence on the disk in this case.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures. Accepted to MNRAS 2014 March 25. Received in original form 2013 September 18
Hunting for supersymmetry and dark matter at the electroweak scale
Creators: name: Macaluso, Sebastian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: In this thesis, we study models of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) at the electroweak scale and their phenomenology, motivated by naturalness and the nature of dark matter. Moreover, we introduce analyses and techniques relevant in searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We start by applying computer vision with deep learning to build a boosted top jets tagger at the LHC that outperforms previous state-of-the-art classifiers by a factor of ~2-3 or more in background rejection, over a wide range of tagging efficiencies.  Next, we define a cut and count based analysis for supersymmetric top quarks at LHC Run II capable of probing the line in the mass plane where there is just enough phase space to produce an on-shell top quark from the stop decay. We also implement a comprehensive reinterpretation of the 13 TeV ATLAS and CMS searches with the first ~15/fb of data and derive constraints on various simplified models of natural supersymmetry. We discuss how these constraints affect the fine-tuning of the electroweak scale. Finally, we show how a simple extension of the minimal supersymmetric SM, consisting of a dark sector, can explain the dark matter relic abundance and the Higgs mass in a natural way.
title: Evaluating Apps
Creators: name: Boudreaux, Edwin D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Reviews principles and guidelines for evaluating mobile phone health applications. This will include components of usability, foundational theory, customer driven ratings, and the empirical evidence. Some specific applications for mood management and tobacco cessation are examined. This presentation was part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Smartphones, Sensors, and Social Networks: The New Tools of Health Behavior Change.
Understanding the spreading power of all nodes in a network: a continuous-time perspective
Creators: name: Lawyer, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Centrality measures such as the degree, k-shell, or eigenvalue centrality can identify a network's most influential nodes, but are rarely usefully accurate in quantifying the spreading power of the vast majority of nodes which are not highly influential. The spreading power of all network nodes is better explained by considering, from a continuous-time epidemiological perspective, the distribution of the force of infection each node generates. The resulting metric, the \textit{expected force}, accurately quantifies node spreading power under all primary epidemiological models across a wide range of archetypical human contact networks. When node power is low, influence is a function of neighbor degree. As power increases, a node's own degree becomes more important. The strength of this relationship is modulated by network structure, being more pronounced in narrow, dense networks typical of social networking and weakening in broader, looser association networks such as the Internet. The expected force can be computed independently for individual nodes, making it applicable for networks whose adjacency matrix is dynamic, not well specified, or overwhelmingly large.
title: Therapeutic Approaches to Aggressive Carcinomas Based on a Novel VEGF/Neuropilin Autocrine Pathway
Creators: name: Goel, Hira Lal
name: Mercurio, Arthur M.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Summary: Autocrine VEGF signaling in tumor cells contributes to de-differentiation and function of tumor initiating/stem cells. NRP2 is the nexus of a signaling pathway that promotes de-differentiation and sustains tumor initiating/stem sells. Anti-NRP2 therapy is worth pursuing, especially for high-grade cancers. Therapeutic Abs are available. This presentation was part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Biomarker Discovery and Targeted Therapeutics in Cancer.
title: Using Medicare Part D Data for Research
Creators: name: Briesacher, Becky A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Medical claims can be a primary data source for translational research. This presentation provides information on Medicare as a source of claims data, including a brief overview of Medicare Part D, brief overview of Part D data, and examples of Medicare Part D studies. This presentation was part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Big Data: Medical Claims Data for Translational Research.
$L^\infty(L^\infty)$-boundedness of DG($p$)-solutions for nonlinear conservation laws with boundary conditions
Creators: name: Angermann, Lutz
name: Henke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F31, 65M60

description: We prove the $L^\infty(L^\infty)$-boundedness of a higher-order shock-capturing streamline-diffusion DG-method based on polynomials of degree $p\geq 0$ for general scalar conservation laws. The estimate is given for the case of several space dimensions and for conservation laws with initial and boundary conditions.
The Magneto-Sono-Luminescence and its signatures in photon and dilepton production in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Basar, Gokce
name: Kharzeev, Dmitri E.
name: Shuryak, Edward V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The matter produced in the early stages of heavy ion collisions consists mostly of gluons, and is penetrated by coherent magnetic field produced by spectator nucleons. The fluctuations of gluonic matter in an external magnetic field couple to real and virtual photons through virtual quark loops. We study the resulting contributions to photon and dilepton production that stem from the fluctuations of the stress tensor $T_{μν}$ in the background of a coherent magnetic field $\vec{B}$. Our study extends significantly the earlier work by two of us and Skokov, in which only the fluctuations of the trace of the stress tensor $T_{μμ}$ were considered (the coupling of $T_{μμ}$ to electromagnetic fields is governed by the scale anomaly). In the present paper we derive more general relations using the Operator Product Expansion (OPE). We also extend the previous study to the case of dileptons which offers the possibility to discriminate between various production mechanisms. Among the phenomena that we study are Magneto-Sono-Luminescence (MSL, the interaction of magnetic field $\vec{B}(x,t)$ with the sound perturbations of the stress tensor $δT_{μν}(x,t)$) and Magneto-Thermo-Luminescence (MTL, the interaction of $\vec{B}(x,t)$ with smooth average $$). We calculate the rates of these process and find that they can dominate the photon and dilepton production at early stage of heavy ion collisions. We also point out the characteristic signatures of MSL and MTL that can be used to establish their presence and to diagnose the produced matter.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures; a typo corrected
title: Big Data: Medical Claims Data for Translational Research: Medicaid
Creators: name: Barton, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Medical claims can be a primary data source for translational research. This presentation provides information on Medicaid as a source of claims data, including a description of Medicaid datasets, the most commonly used variables on each dataset, and examples of translational analyses using Medicaid.
Interpolation, projection and hierarchical bases in discontinuous Galerkin methods
Creators: name: Angermann, Lutz
name: Henke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65 M 60, 65 D 32

description: The paper presents results on piecewise polynomial approximations of tensor product type in Sobolev-Slobodecki spaces by various interpolation and projection techniques, on error estimates for quadrature rules and projection operators based on hierarchical bases, and on inverse inequalities. The main focus is directed to applications to discrete conservation laws.
Profile likelihood ratio analysis techniques for rare event signals
Creators: name: Billard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) II uses crystals operated at milliKelvin temperature to search for dark matter. We present the details of the profile likelihood analysis of 140.2 kg-day exposure from the final data set of the CDMS II Si detectors that revealed three WIMP-candidate events. We found that this result favors a WIMP+background hypothesis over the known-background-only hypothesis at the 99.81% confidence level. This paper is dedicated to the description of the profile likelihood analysis dedicated to the CDMSII-Si data and discusses such analysis techniques in the scope of rare event searches.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Low Temperature Detector 15 conference proceedings, to be published in a special issue of the Journal of Low Temperature Physics
title: A Pig Model of the Human Gastro-intestinal Tract
Creators: name: Widmer, Giovanni
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: As part of a mini-symposium highlighting collaborative research opportunities with the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, this presentation discusses the development of a clinically relevant pig model of the human gastro-intestinal tract for studying Clostridium difficile infection and human adult and infant fecal microbiome.
Strong micro-macro entanglement from a weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity
Creators: name: Wang, Tian
name: Lau, Hon Wai
name: Kaviani, Hamidreza
name: Ghobadi, Roohollah
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement generated by a weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity between two initial coherent states, one of which has an amplitude close to the single-photon level, while the other one is macroscopic. We show that strong micro-macro entanglement is possible for weak phase shifts by choosing the amplitude of the macroscopic beam sufficiently large. We analyze the effects of loss and discuss possible experimental demonstrations of the micro-macro entanglement based on homodyne tomography and on a new entanglement witness.
Competing Channels for Hot Electron Cooling in Graphene
Creators: name: Ma, Qiong
name: Gabor, Nathaniel M.
name: Andersen, Trond I.
name: Nair, Nityan L.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on temperature dependent photocurrent measurements of high-quality dual-gated monolayer graphene (MLG) p-n junction devices. A photothermoelectric (PTE) effect governs the photocurrent response in our devices, allowing us to track the hot electron temperature and probe hot electron cooling channels over a wide temperature range (4 K to 300 K). At high temperatures ($T > T^*$), we found that both the peak photocurrent and the hot spot size decreased with temperature, while at low temperatures ($T < T^*$), we found the opposite, namely that the peak photocurrent and the hot spot size increased with temperature. This non-monotonic temperature dependence can be understood as resulting from the competition between two hot electron cooling pathways: (a) (intrinsic) momentum-conserving normal collisions (NC) that dominates at low temperatures and (b) (extrinsic) disorder-assisted supercollisions (SC) that dominates at high temperatures. Gate control in our high quality samples allows us to resolve the two processes in the same device for the first time. The peak temperature $T^*$ depends on carrier density and disorder concentration, thus allowing for an unprecedented way of controlling graphene's photoresponse.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Obesity/Overweight and the Role of Working Conditions: A Qualitative and Participatory Investigation
Creators: name: Champagne, Nicole J.
name: Nobrega, S.
name: Goldstein-Gelb, Marcy
name: Montano, M.
name: Abreu, Marlene
name: Lopez, I.
name: Arevalo, J.
name: Bruce, S.
name: Punnett, L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: This study identified the unique barriers low-wage workers face to sustaining a healthy weight, and presented results at a public forum in the fall, 2012. That presentation is galvanizing policy makers, employers, and employees to action. Presenters will explain how this academic-community partnership is translating research results into policy change. This presentation is part of the mini-symposium titled: How Community-Academic Partnership Initiatives Can Contribute to Translational Research.
Degradation of Riparian Leaves and the Recycling of Nutrients in a Stream Ecosystem
Creators: name: Krumholz, Louis A.
name: Lambert, Roger G.
name: Liston, Charles R.
name: Woodward, Harry H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972

description: Abstract:
Leaves collected at 4 stations in the upper 5 km of Doe Run, Meade County, Kentucky, indicated an annual accumulation within the stream of 354 g/m2/year (17,700 kg). Leaves of sycamore (23.6%), red oak (21.7%), sugar maple (9.7%), beech (9.6%), white oak (7.1%), and hickory (6.0%) trees were most abundant, and leaves from 14 other kinds made up the remaining 22.3%. About a third of the annual leaf fall occurred during the last half of October and about two-thirds in the last 3 months of the year.
Calorific equivalents for different kinds of leaves ranged from 3,789 cal/g dry weight for hickory to 4,417 cal/g for red oak. It is estimated that allochthonous leaf material made an annual contribution of about 70 million kcal of energy to the upper 5 km of Doe Run.
Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid contents of leaves varied independently of seasons with average values of about 52, 79, and 32 mg/g dry weight, respectively. In leaves submersed in the stream experimentally, carbohydrates leached rapidly, lipids leached slowly, and there was an apparent increase in protein content.
Indigenous amphipods preferred hickory, red elm, sugar maple, beech, red oak, and sycamore leaves as food in that order.
Funding information: The work on which this report is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Resources Research, United States Department o.f the Interior, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964.
Slope heuristics and V-Fold model selection in heteroscedastic regression using strongly localized bases
Creators: name: Navarro, Fabien
name: Saumard, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the optimality for model selection of the so-called slope heuristics, $V$-fold cross-validation and $V$-fold penalization in a heteroscedastic with random design regression context. We consider a new class of linear models that we call strongly localized bases and that generalize histograms, piecewise polynomials and compactly supported wavelets. We derive sharp oracle inequalities that prove the asymptotic optimality of the slope heuristics---when the optimal penalty shape is known---and $V$ -fold penalization. Furthermore, $V$-fold cross-validation seems to be suboptimal for a fixed value of $V$ since it recovers asymptotically the oracle learned from a sample size equal to $1-V^{-1}$ of the original amount of data. Our results are based on genuine concentration inequalities for the true and empirical excess risks that are of independent interest. We show in our experiments the good behavior of the slope heuristics for the selection of linear wavelet models. Furthermore, $V$-fold cross-validation and $V$-fold penalization have comparable efficiency.
Self-consistent treatment of electrostatics in molecular DNA braiding through external forces
Creators: name: J., Dominic
name: Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider a physical system in which two DNA molecules braid about each other. The distance between the two molecular ends, on either side of the braid, is held at a distance much larger than supercoiling radius of the braid. The system is subjected to an external pulling force, and a moment that induces the braiding. In a model, developed for understanding such a system, we assume that each molecule can be divided into a braided and unbraided section. We also suppose that the DNA is nicked so that there is no constraint of the individual linking numbers of the molecules. Included in the model are steric and electrostatic interactions, thermal fluctuations of the braided and unbraided sections of the molecule, as well as the constraint on the braid linking (catenation) number. We compare two approximations used in estimating the free energy of the braided section. One is where the amplitude of undulations of one molecule with respect to the other is determined only by steric interactions. The other is a self-consistent determination of the mean squared amplitude of these undulations. In this second approximation electrostatics should play an important role in determining this quantity, as suggested by physical arguments. We see that if the electrostatic interaction is sufficiently large there are indeed notable differences between the two approximations. We go on to test the self-consistent approximation, included in the full model, against experimental data, for such a system, and we find good agreement. However, there seems to by a slight left/right handed braid asymmetry in some of the experimental results. We discuss what might be the origin of this small asymmetry
description: 23 Pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, typos corrected, new references and paragraph in discussion section
Climate Change in the News Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2017
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Climate Change
Controversies
Ethics and Society
Public Well-being
Risk
Social Responsibility
Sustainability

description: This page contains a collection of news articles that call attention to the issues surrounding climate change, engineered systems and society. They begin with articles about the 2011 flooding in the midwest.
Time evolution of an entangled initial state in coupled quantum dots with Coulomb correlations
Creators: name: Maslova, N. S.
name: Mantsevich, V. N.
name: Arseyev, P. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the dynamics of the initial singlet electronic state in the two interacting single-level quantum dots (QDs) with Coulomb correlations, weakly tunnel coupled to an electronic reservoir. We obtained correlation functions of all orders for the electrons in the QDs by decoupling high-order correlations between localized and band electrons in the reservoir. We proved that for arbitrary mixed state the concurrence and entanglement can be determined from the average value of particular combinations of electron's pair correlation functions. Analysis of the pair correlation functions time evolution allows to follow the changes of concurrence and entanglement during the relaxation processes. We investigated the dependence of concurrence on the value of Coulomb interaction and the energy levels spacing and found it's non-monotonic behavior in the non-resonant case. We also demonstrated that the behavior of pair correlation functions for two-electron entangled state in coupled QDs points to the fulfillment of the Hund's rule for the strong Coulomb interaction. We revealed the appearance of dynamical inverse occupation of the QDs energy levels during the relaxation processes. Our results open up further perspectives in solid state quantum information based on the controllable dynamics of the entangled electronic states.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Demonstration of Topological Data Analysis on a Quantum Processor
Creators: name: Huang, He-Liang
name: Wang, Xi-Lin
name: Rohde, Peter P.
name: Luo, Yi-Han
name: Zhao, You-Wei
name: Liu, Chang
name: Li, Li
name: Liu, Nai-Le
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Topological data analysis offers a robust way to extract useful information from noisy, unstructured data by identifying its underlying structure. Recently, an efficient quantum algorithm was proposed [Lloyd, Garnerone, Zanardi, Nat. Commun. 7, 10138 (2016)] for calculating Betti numbers of data points -- topological features that count the number of topological holes of various dimensions in a scatterplot. Here, we implement a proof-of-principle demonstration of this quantum algorithm by employing a six-photon quantum processor to successfully analyze the topological features of Betti numbers of a network including three data points, providing new insights into data analysis in the era of quantum computing.
description: Typos and minor corrections. For the first time, we have experimentally demonstrated that quantum computing can analyze big data using techniques from topology. Any comments are welcome
title: Objective and Subjective Stress Differences: Foreign-Born and U.S. Native Adults in Boston Communities
Creators: name: O'Brien, Kymberlee M.
name: Thompson, Chris
name: Meyer, Jerrold S.
name: Tronick, Edward Z.
name: Moore, Celia L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: This study compares two high-risk populations: foreign- and US-born adults residing in the same Boston neighborhoods noted for high violence, low income, and greater morbidity and mortality for several chronic diseases (Health of Boston, 2010). The aims of the study are to improve community engagement and to identify stress-related differences between foreign and US-born adults and the interrelations between physiological and subjective stress indices in these populations. This presentation is part of the mini-symposium titled: How Community-Academic Partnership Initiatives Can Contribute to Translational Research.
Literature
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pedagogical Approaches

description: Short stories, novels, poetry, and other literary creations can often be powerful articulations of the ethical challenges that face scientists. Reading such works, some of which may already be well-known to students, can provide a richer, more complete story of how and why individuals find themselves in difficult straits. In addition, many full length non-fiction accounts about science can help to increase the sense of relevance and realism.
An exact master equation for the system-reservoir dynamics under the strong coupling regime and non-Markovian dynamics
Creators: name: Batalhão, T. B.
name: Neto, G. D. de Moraes
name: de Ponte, M. A.
name: Moussa, M. H. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a method to derive an exact master equation for a bosonic system coupled to a set of other bosonic systems, which plays the role of the reservoir, under the strong coupling regime, i.e., without resorting to either the rotating-wave or secular approximations. Working with phase-space distribution functions, we verify that the dynamics are separated in the evolution of its center, which follows classical mechanics, and its shape, which becomes distorted. This is the generalization of a result by Glauber, who stated that coherent states remain coherent under certain circumstances, specifically when the rotating-wave approximation and a zero-temperature reservoir are used. We show that the counter-rotating terms generate fluctuations that distort the vacuum state, much the same as thermal fluctuations.Finally, we discuss conditions for non-Markovian dynamics.
Application of multiproxy tracers to reconstruct paleoenvironmental perturbations on the mid-Atlantic margin across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
Creators: name: Makarova, Maria
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an abrupt warming event (~56 Ma) characterized by a global temperature increase estimated to be on the order of 4-9°C and associated with a carbon isotope excursion of 2-7‰ requiring a substantial addition of light carbon (12C) into global reservoirs. This dissertation presents an integrated view of the spatial and temporal environmental perturbations caused by the PETM on the mid-Atlantic continental shelf by the use of multiple paleoproxies. The approach used here to resolve regional from global ecological and hydrographic responses is to construct a cross-shelf transect with sites that range in coastal proximity and environmental influence. I show new records from Millville and Medford cores and sample the PETM in a shelf transect of five drillsites from the New Jersey Coastal Plain (NJCP): Medford, Wilson Lake, Ancora, Millville, and Bass River.Application of the multiproxy approach reveals a warming of 6-7°C on the New Jersey paleoshelf during the PETM. Surface dwelling foraminifera recorded smaller δ18O anomalies, caused by changes in shelf hydrography and/or calcification preclusion of foraminifera at temperatures above the survival limit of ~33°C. The organic paleothermometer TEX86-based temperature estimates show comparable warming anomalies among the NJCP sections with a slightly larger warming recorded in the nearshore sites. The study of the Medford cores, the most expanded section of the PETM onset from the NJCP, indicated no warming prior to the CIE onset, rejecting the precursor warming hypothesis. Bulk sediment records together with trace elemental ratios in foraminifera suggested rapid mud deposition on the shelf accompanied by a decrease in the water column oxygen content.The significance of this work is a detailed chemostratigraphic correlation that integrates planktonic and benthic foraminiferal stable isotopic data, temperature records from independent proxies (TEX86 and foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratio), and an evaluation of salinity variations on the shelf. Lastly, this study utilizes the novel paleoredox proxy (foraminiferal I/Ca ratio) to evaluate water column deoxygenation on the New Jersey paleoshelf during the PETM.
Shear mixing in stellar radiative zones I. Effect of thermal diffusion and chemical stratification
Creators: name: Prat, Vincent
name: Lignières, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent transport of chemical elements in radiative zones of stars is considered in current stellar evolution codes thanks to phenomenologically derived diffusion coefficients. Recent local numerical simulations (Prat & Lignières 2013, A&A, 551, L3) suggest that the coefficient for radial turbulent diffusion due to radial differential rotation satisfies $D_{\rm t}\simeq0.058κ/Ri$, in qualitative agreement with Zahn's model. However, this model does not apply when differential rotation is strong with respect to stable thermal stratification or when chemical stratification has a significant dynamical effect, a situation encountered at the outer boundary of nuclear-burning convective cores. We extend our numerical study to consider the effects of chemical stratification and of strong shear, and compare the results with prescriptions used in stellar evolution codes. We performed local, direct numerical simulations of stably stratified, homogeneous, sheared turbulence in the Boussinesq approximation. The regime of high thermal diffusivities, typical of stellar radiative zones, is reached thanks to the so-called small-Péclet-number approximation, which is an asymptotic development of the Boussinesq equations in this regime. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on chemical stratification was explored in this approximation. Maeder's extension of Zahn's model in the strong-shear regime is not supported by our results, which are better described by a model found in the geophysical literature. As regards the effect of chemical stratification, our quantitative estimate of the diffusion coefficient as a function of the mean gradient of mean molecular weight leads to the formula $D_{\rm t}\simeq 0.45κ(0.12-Ri_μ)/Ri$, which is compatible in the weak-shear regime with the model of Maeder & Meynet (1996, A&A, 313, 140).
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted in A&A
A Redux on "When is the Top Quark a Parton?"
Creators: name: Dawson, S.
name: Ismail, A.
name: Low, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a new heavy particle phi is produced in association with the top quark in a hadron collider, the production cross section exhibits a collinear singularity of the form log(m_phi/m_t), which can be resummed by introducing a top quark parton distribution function (PDF). We reassess the necessity of such resummation in the context of a high energy pp collider. We find that the introduction of a top PDF typically has a small effect at sqrt(S) ~ 100 TeV due to three factors: 1) alpha_s at the scale mu = m_phi is quite small when log(m_phi/m_t) is large, 2) the Bjorken x << 1 for m_phi < ~10 TeV, and 3) the kinematic region where log(m_phi/m_t) >> 1 is suppressed by phase space. We show that the effect of a top PDF is generically smaller than that of a bottom PDF in the associated production of b phi and consider the example of pp -> t H+ at next-to-leading logarithm order.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures; minor changes, version accepted by PRD
Fully extended BV-BFV description of General Relativity in three dimensions
Creators: name: Canepa, Giovanni
name: Schiavina, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C80 (primary) 81T45 (Secondary)

description: We compute the extension of the BV theory for three-dimensional General Relativity to all higher-codimension strata - boundaries, corners and vertices - in the BV-BFV framework. Moreover, we show that such extension is strongly equivalent to (nondegenerate) BF theory at all codimensions.
description: 33 pages. Version 2: Improved readability, corrected typos
A $P$-Adic Spectral Triple
Creators: name: Klimek, Slawomir
name: McBride, Matt
name: Rathnayake, Sumedha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a spectral triple for the C$^*$-algebra of continuous functions on the space of $p$-adic integers by using a rooted tree obtained from coarse-grained approximation of the space, and the forward derivative on the tree. Additionally, we verify that our spectral triple satisfies the properties of a compact spectral metric space, and we show that the metric on the space of $p$-adic integers induced by the spectral triple is equivalent to the usual $p$-adic metric.
title: Improving the Outcome Prognostication of Critically Ill Patients with Moderate-Severe TBI
Creators: name: Muehlschlegel, Susanne
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: This presentation will highlight the critical need for improved outcome prognostication tools for critically ill patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently existing outcome prognostication tools and the notion of self-fulfilling prophecies by premature withdrawal of care will be explained. We will showcase the ongoing clinical research conducted at the University of Massachusetts Medical School with the overarching goal to improve outcome prediction for patients with moderate-severe TBI.
Quantum-Inspired Support Vector Machine
Creators: name: Ding, Chen
name: Bao, Tian-Yi
name: Huang, He-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Support vector machine (SVM) is a particularly powerful and flexible supervised learning model that analyzes data for both classification and regression, whose usual algorithm complexity scales polynomially with the dimension of data space and the number of data points. To tackle the big data challenge, a quantum SVM algorithm was proposed, which is claimed to achieve exponential speedup for least squares SVM (LS-SVM). Here, inspired by the quantum SVM algorithm, we present a quantum-inspired classical algorithm for LS-SVM. In our approach, a improved fast sampling technique, namely indirect sampling, is proposed for sampling the kernel matrix and classifying. We first consider the LS-SVM with a linear kernel, and then discuss the generalization of our method to non-linear kernels. Theoretical analysis shows our algorithm can make classification with arbitrary success probability in logarithmic runtime of both the dimension of data space and the number of data points for low rank, low condition number and high dimensional data matrix, matching the runtime of the quantum SVM.
Maximizing the expected range from dependent observations under mean-variance information
Creators: name: Papadatos, Nickos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G30, 60E15, 62E10

description: In this article we derive the best possible upper bound for $E[\max{X_i}-\min_i{X_i}]$ under given means and variances on $n$ random variables $X_i$. The random vector $(X_1,...,X_n)$ is allowed to have any dependence structure, provided $E X_i=μ_i$ and $Var X_i=σ_i^2$, $0
description: 34 pages
Vector Coherent Oscillation Dark Matter
Creators: name: Nakayama, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a model of hidden massive vector boson dark matter as a homogeneous coherent oscillation in the entire universe without any dangerous instability. We make use of a particular form of the vector boson coupling to a scalar field through the gauge kinetic function. This scenario may be distinguished from other dark matter models through the observation of statistical anisotropy in the dark matter isocurvature perturbation.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; added comments
Intercusp geodesics and the invariant trace field of hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Neumann, Walter
name: Tsvietkova, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M50, 57M27

description: Given a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold with finite volume, we define two types of complex parameters which capture geometric information about the preimages of geodesic arcs traveling between cusp cross-sections. We prove that these parameters are elements of the invariant trace field of the manifold, providing a connection between the intrinsic geometry of a 3-manifold and its number-theoretic invariants. Further, we explore the question of choosing a minimal collection of arcs and associated parameters to generate the field. We prove that for a tunnel number $k$ manifold it is enough to choose $3k$ specific parameters. For many hyperbolic link complements, this approach allows one to compute the field from a link diagram. We also give examples of infinite families of links where a single parameter can be chosen to generate the field, and the polynomial for it can be constructed from the link diagram as well.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, abstract and formatting changes
title: Perfusion Changes by Hyperspectral Imaging in a Burn Model
Creators: name: Babchenko, Oksana O.
name: Chin, Michael S.
name: Lujan-Hernandez, Jorge R.
name: Strom, Heather M.
name: Ignotz, Ronald A.
name: Lalikos, Janice F.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: BACKGROUND: Early excision and skin grafting of full-thickness and deep-dermal burns is therapeutically advantageous. However, while full-thickness burns are clinically evident, differentiating between superficial versus deep partial-thickness burns presents a diagnostic challenge, with only 50-75% accuracy. Superficial-dermal burns heal, while deep-dermal burns often require excision and skin grafting. Decision of surgical treatment is often delayed until burn depth is definitively identified. This study’s aim is to establish a thermal burn model in mice in order to assess the ability of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) in differentiating burn depth.

METHODS: Burns of graded severity were generated on the dorsum of seventy-six hairless mice with a brass rod heated to 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90°C. Perfusion and oxygenation parameters of the injured skin were measured with HSI, a non-invasive method of wide-field, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at 2 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after wounding. Burn depth was measured histologically (n=44) at 72 hours post injury using Masson’s trichrome staining.

RESULTS: Three discrete levels of burn depth were verified histologically, as follows in order of increasing depth: intermediate-dermal, deep-dermal, and full-thickness injury. At 24 hours post injury, total hemoglobin increased by 67% and 18% in intermediate and deep dermal burns, respectively. In contrast, total hemoglobin decreased by 64% in full-thickness burns. Differences in deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation for all group comparisons were statistically significant (p

CONCLUSION: HSI was able to differentiate among three discrete levels of burn injury. This is likely due to its correlation with skin perfusion: superficial burn injury causes an inflammatory response and increased perfusion to the burn site, while deeper burns destroy the dermal microvasculature and a decrease in perfusion follows. This study supports further investigation in the use of HSI in early burn depth assessment.
Representations of torsion-free arithmetic matroids
Creators: name: Pagaria, Roberto
name: Paolini, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B35, 14N20

description: We study the representability problem for torsion-free arithmetic matroids. By using a new operation called "reduction" and a "signed Hermite normal form", we provide and implement an algorithm to compute all the representations, up to equivalence. As an application, we disprove two conjectures about the poset of layers and the independence poset of a toric arrangement.
title: Poster Program: 2014 UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat
Creators: name: UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: List of posters presented during the Poster Session at the fifth annual UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat, held Tuesday, May 20, 2014, at the Albert Sherman Center at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
Asymptotes of Space Curves
Creators: name: Blasco, Angel
name: Pérez-Díaz, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H50, 14Q05, 68W30

description: In this paper, we generalize the results presented in [5] for the case of real algebraic space curves. More precisely, given an algebraic space curve C (parametrically or implicitly defined), we show how to compute the generalized asymptotes. The approach is based on the notion of perfect curve introduced from the concepts and results presented in [4].
description: 30 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1307.6153
Emerging Biotechnologies Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2017
Subjects: Controversies
Embryo Research
Emerging Technologies
Ethics and Society
Human Rights
Human Subjects Research
Law and Public Policy
Research and Practice

description: A bibliography that includes books, journal articles and web sites looking at the ethics of emerging biotechnologies, and including sections on synthetic biology, CRISPR-Cas9 and other genomic editing technologies, and genetic screening and genetic modification in embryos.