cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in sources and cycling of nitrogen and carbon in a tropical mangrove-lined creek impacted by treated sewage effluent
Creators: name: Warnakulasooriya, Kanchana
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2017

description: Sewage effluent can be a major point source of nutrients in receiving waterways if conventional sewage treatment methods cannot effectively reduce nutrient loads. I investigated the dispersion and ecosystem uptake of nutrients from treated sewage discharged into Buffalo Creek, a macro-tidal mangrove ecosystem near Darwin, Northern Australia. Prior to this study, the dispersion and assimilation of sewagederived nutrients in Buffalo Creek ecosystem were poorly constrained. This study combines for the first time a multi-isotope approach to detect and quantify the influence of treated sewage effluent, which is the main nutrient source in Buffalo Creek. Nutrient dynamics in the creek were mainly governed by physical processes on spring tides and wet season neap tides, while both physical and biogeochemical processes were important during dry season neap tides. On spring tides, the creek was well flushed and showed an improved water quality compared to neap tides. High loads of stormwater inputs during wet season neaps and minimum in-situ processing of ammonium during dry season neaps, allowed transport of effluentderived nutrients downstream, and export to Shoal Bay. Water column denitrification and benthic nutrient fluxes were important biogeochemical processes during this period. Sedimentation of freshwater phytoplankton and sediment resuspension were important physical process during dry season neaps. Thus, sediment in the creek acts as a sink for sewage-derived N and a source of dissolved inorganic N to the water column. Mangrove leaves and gastropods contained a 15N/14N enriched sewage signal along the creek compared to samples in the control creek, indicating that uptake by mangroves and benthic feeders are an important pathway for sewagederived nitrogen. Sewage-derived nitrogen was retained in sediment and transferred to mangroves along the entire length of the creek but in the lower reaches of the creek tidal mixing supplied additional nitrogen sources in marine organic matter. Nitrogen isotope ratios measured in gastropods showed a down-creek gradient similar to mangrove leaves and sediment. However for gastropods, intra- and interspecific isotopic variations were influenced by spatial differences in available food sources. This variability in gastropod snails did not compromise their potential as early bio-indicators of sewage pollution. Mangrove leaves and gastropod snails are suitable bio-indicators to track dispersal and assimilation of sewage-derived nutrients. This study provided a more comprehensive and robust assessment of impacts of nutrient loading on mangrove ecosystems that will help guide future management practices on macro-tidal ecosystems.
Topological quantum state control through exceptional-point proximity
Creators: name: Abbasi, Maryam
name: Chen, Weijian
name: Naghiloo, Mahdi
name: Joglekar, Yogesh N.
name: Murch, Kater W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum evolution of a non-Hermitian qubit realized as a submanifold of a dissipative superconducting transmon circuit. Real-time tuning of the system parameters to encircle an exceptional point results in non-reciprocal quantum state transfer. We further observe chiral geometric phases accumulated under state transport, verifying the quantum coherent nature of the evolution in the complex energy landscape and distinguishing between coherent and incoherent effects associated with exceptional point encircling. Our work demonstrates an entirely new method for control over quantum state vectors, highlighting new facets of quantum bath engineering enabled through dynamical non-Hermitian control.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Kink propagation in the Artificial Axon
Creators: name: Qi, Xinyi
name: Zocchi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Artificial Axon is a unique synthetic system, based on biomolecular components, which supports action potentials. Here we consider, theoretically, the corresponding space extended system, and discuss the occurrence of solitary waves, or kinks. In contrast to action potentials, stationary kinks are possible. We point out an analogy with the interface separating two condensed matter phases, though our kinks are always non-equilibrium, dissipative structures, even when stationary.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
An empirical representation of a physical model for the ISM [CII], CO, and [CI] emission at redshift $1\leq z\leq9$
Creators: name: Yang, Shengqi
name: Popping, Gergö
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Pullen, Anthony R.
name: Breysse, Patrick C.
name: Maniyar, Abhishek S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sub-millimeter emission lines produced by the interstellar medium (ISM) are strong tracers of star formation and are some of the main targets of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys. In this work we present an empirical multi-line emission model that simultaneously covers the mean, scatter, and correlations of [CII], CO J=1-0 to J=5-4, and [CI] lines in redshift range $1\leq z\leq9$. We assume the galaxy ISM line emission luminosity versus halo mass relations can be described by double power laws with redshift-dependent log normal scatter. The model parameters are then derived by fitting to the state of the art semi-analytic simulation results that have successfully reproduced multiple sub-millimeter line observations at $0\leq z\lesssim6$. We cross check the line emission statistics predicted by the semi-analytic simulation and our empirical model, finding that at $z\geq1$ our model reproduces the simulated line intensities with fractional error less than about 10%. The fractional difference is less than 25% for the power spectra. Grounded on physically-motivated and self-consistent galaxy simulations, this computationally efficient model will be helpful in forecasting ISM emission line statistics for upcoming LIM surveys.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Correct a typo in Eq 12. Add Figure 7
Particle on a torus knot: Symplectic analysis
Creators: name: S, Anjali
name: Gupta, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize a particle confined to move on a torus knot satisfying constraint condition ($p θ+ q ϕ) \approx 0$, within the context of a geometrically motivated approach - the Faddeev-Jackiw formalism. We also deduce the constraint spectrum and discern the basic brackets of the theory. We further reformulate the original gauge non-invariant theory into a physically equivalent gauge theory, which is free from any additional Wess-Zumino variables, by employing symplectic gauge invariant formalism. In addition, we analyze the reformulated gauge invariant theory within the framework of BRST formalism to establish the off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anti-commuting (anti-)BRST symmetries. Finally, we construct the conserved (anti-)BRST charges which satisfy the physicality criteria and turn out to be the generators of corresponding symmetries.
description: LaTeX file, 21 pages, title changed, text modified, preprint version, to appear in EPJ Plus
Stress distribution and surface shock wave of drop impact
Creators: name: Sun, Ting-Pi
name: Alvarez-Novoa, Franco
name: Andrade, Klebbert
name: Gutierrez, Pablo
name: Gordillo, Leonardo
name: Cheng, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drop impact causes severe surface erosion, dictating many important natural, environmental and engineering processes and calling for substantial prevention and preservation efforts. Nevertheless, despite extensive studies on the kinematic features of impacting drops over the last two decades, the dynamic process that leads to the drop-impact erosion is still far from clear. Here, we develop a method of high-speed stress microscopy, which measures the key dynamic properties of drop impact responsible for erosion, i.e., the shear stress and pressure distributions of impacting drops, with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolutions. Our experiments reveal the fast propagation of self-similar noncentral stress maxima underneath impacting drops and quantify the shear force on impacted substrates. Moreover, we examine the deformation of elastic substrates under impact and uncover impact-induced surface shock waves. Our study opens the door for quantitative measurements of the impact stress of liquid drops and sheds light on the origin of low-speed drop-impact erosion.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by Nat. Commun
Thermophotovoltaic Efficiency of 40%
Creators: name: LaPotin, Alina
name: Schulte, Kevin L.
name: Steiner, Myles A.
name: Buznitsky, Kyle
name: Kelsall, Colin C.
name: Friedman, Daniel J.
name: Tervo, Eric J.
name: France, Ryan M.
name: Young, Michelle R.
name: Rohskopf, Andrew
name: Verma, Shomik
name: Wang, Evelyn N.
name: Henry, Asegun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the fabrication and measurement of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells with efficiencies of >40%, which is a record high TPV efficiency and the first experimental demonstration of the efficiency of high-bandgap tandem TPV cells. TPV efficiency was determined by simultaneous measurement of electric power output and heat dissipation from the device via calorimetry. The TPV cells are two-junction devices comprising high-quality III-V materials with band gaps between 1.0 and 1.4 eV that are optimized for high emitter temperatures of 1900-2400°C. The cells exploit the concept of band-edge spectral filtering to obtain high efficiency, using high-reflectivity back surface reflectors to reject unusable sub-bandgap radiation back to the emitter. A 1.4/1.2 eV device reached a maximum efficiency of (41.1 +/- 1)% operating at a power density of 2.39 W/cm2 under an irradiance of 30.4 W/cm2 and emitter temperature of 2400°C. A 1.2/1.0 device reached a maximum efficiency of (39.3 +/- 1)% operating at a power density of 1.8 W/cm2 under an irradiance of 20.1 W/cm2 and emitter temperature of 2127°C. These cells can be integrated into a TPV system for thermal energy grid storage (TEGS) to enable dispatchable renewable energy. These new TPV cells enable a pathway for TEGS to reach sufficiently high efficiency and sufficiently low cost to enable full decarbonization of the grid. Furthermore, the high demonstrated efficiency also gives TPV the potential to compete with turbine-based heat engines for large-scale power production with respect to both cost and performance, thereby enabling possible usage in natural gas or hydrogen-fueled electricity production.
SALIENCE: An Unsupervised User Adaptation Model for Multiple Wearable Sensors Based Human Activity Recognition
Creators: name: Chen, Ling
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Miao, Shenghuan
name: Zhu, Sirou
name: Hu, Rong
name: Peng, Liangying
name: Lv, Mingqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised user adaptation aligns the feature distributions of the data from training users and the new user, so a well-trained wearable human activity recognition (WHAR) model can be well adapted to the new user. With the development of wearable sensors, multiple wearable sensors based WHAR is gaining more and more attention. In order to address the challenge that the transferabilities of different sensors are different, we propose SALIENCE (unsupervised user adaptation model for multiple wearable sensors based human activity recognition) model. It aligns the data of each sensor separately to achieve local alignment, while uniformly aligning the data of all sensors to ensure global alignment. In addition, an attention mechanism is proposed to focus the activity classifier of SALIENCE on the sensors with strong feature discrimination and well distribution alignment. Experiments are conducted on two public WHAR datasets, and the experimental results show that our model can yield a competitive performance.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Heavy QCD Axion at Belle II: Displaced and Prompt Signals
Creators: name: Bertholet, Emilie
name: Chakraborty, Sabyasachi
name: Loladze, Vazha
name: Okui, Takemichi
name: Soffer, Abner
name: Tobioka, Kohsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD axion is a well-motivated addition to the standard model to solve the strong $C\!P$ problem. If the axion acquires mass dominantly from a hidden sector, it can be as heavy as $O(1)$ GeV, and the decay constant can be as low as $O(100)$ GeV without running into the axion quality problem. We propose new search strategies for such heavy QCD axions at the Belle II experiment, where the axions are expected to be produced via $B\to K a$. We find that a subsequent decay $a\to 3π$ with a displaced vertex leads to a unique signal with essentially no background, and that a dedicated search can explore the range $O(1$-$10)$ TeV of decay-constant values. We also show that $a\to γγ$ can cover a significant portion of currently unexplored region of $150 \lesssim m_a \lesssim 500$ MeV.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; Version accepted for publication in PRD Letter, including experimental results published after version-1 that imply new limits on the axion parameters
Holographic drag force in non-conformal plasma
Creators: name: Domurcukgul, Tolga
name: Morad, Razieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, the gauge/string duality is used to investigate the dynamics of a moving heavy quark in a strongly coupled, non-conformal plasma. The drag force in this non-conformal model is smaller than that of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) plasma and decreases as the level of non-conformality is increased. At intermediate temperatures, the world-sheet temperature, which is derived numerically by calculating the world-sheet horizon, deviates from its conformal value, but at high temperatures, it tends to its conformal value.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LASER POSITIONING METHOD BASED ON A CHROMEL-ALUMEL RESISTIVE FILM
Creators: name: P.R. Kozitsyn
name: D.G. Kalyuzhny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, a laser positioning method based on the use of the properties of resistive coatings was proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of the developed method relative to the existing ones are also considered. The scope of application of the developed positioning method is proposed. The surface thermal EMF in resistive thin films of chromel-alumel has been experimentally studied when their surface is irradiated with a laser beam. Graphs of the dependence of the thermal EMF on the position of the laser beam on the film are presented.
title: Arts, littérature et sciences sociales 
Publisher: name: EHESS
Year: 2015

description: Si les sciences humaines et sociales se sont constituées en s’arrachant à   la littérature, celle-ci est devenue, tout comme l’art, la musique, le   théâtre et le cinéma, à la fois une source et un objet à part entière de   l’histoire, de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie, de la philosophie, du   droit, voire de l’économie, qui dialoguent plus ou moins avec les   disciplines spécialisées dans ces domaines, à savoir les études   littéraires, l’histoire de l’art, la musicologie, les études théâtrales   et cinématographiques. Mais l’apport des arts et de la littérature aux   sciences humaines et sociales ne se limite pas à leur usage comme source   ou leur constitution comme objet. Ils contribuent à structurer notre   perception, nos catégorisations cognitives et nos valeurs, donc notre   connaissance du monde et nos formes de vie. A l’inver
Theory of Nonlinear Acoustic Forces Acting on Inhomogeneous Fluids
Creators: name: Rajendran, Varun Kumar
name: Jayakumar, Sujith
name: Azharudeen, Mohammed
name: Subramani, Karthick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the phenomena of streaming suppression and relocation of inhomogeneous miscible fluids under acoustic fields were explained using the hypothesis on mean Eulerian pressure. In this letter, we show that this hypothesis is unsound and any assumption on mean Eulerian pressure is needless. We present a theory of non-linear acoustics for inhomogeneous fluids from the first principles, which explains streaming suppression and acoustic relocation in both miscible and immiscible inhomogeneous fluids inside a microchannel. This theory predicts the relocation of higher impedance fluids to pressure nodes of the standing wave, which agrees with the recent experiments.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. To be submitted to journal
Porous lightweight metal organic materials: environment sustainability
Creators: name: Fernandez de Luis, Roberto
name: Larrea, Edurne S.
name: Fidalgo-Marijuan, Arkaitz
name: Sainz, G. Paula
name: Reizabal-Para, A.
name: Valverde, A.
name: Araque, L
name: Tovar, G.
name: Copello, Guilermo
name: Gonzalez, B
name: Quintero, Y. M.
name: Rosales, M.
name: García, A
name: Arriortua, María Isabel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Metal Organic Frameworks
Metal Ions
Water remediation
Photo-catalysis

description: Lightweight Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) sorbents are chemical versatile and highly porous materials that have been widely tuned to enhance their affinity and capacity to capture of metal ions with different chemical nature from aqueous environments. In this chapter, the key chemical features within the MOF chemistry to recover effectively cationic and anionic species from water have been described, reviewing in detail their performance to capture heavy metals, precious metal ions, radioactive elements, technologically relevant rare earth elements, chromium, arsenic and other ions. Previously performed proof of concept studies of MOF for metal ions recovery will be described in detail, specifically pointing the MOF capacity and affinity at different application media, from simple single element dilute solution to highly stringent multi-element radioactive acid aqueous wastes. Special attention will be paid to describe the adsorption mechanisms that have been doubtlessly solved, as well as to the multi-methodological techniques applied to unravel them.
Thermodynamics of multi-horizon spacetimes
Creators: name: Singha, Chiranjeeb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exist several well-established procedures for computing thermodynamics for a single horizon spacetime. However, for a spacetime with multi-horizon, the thermodynamics is not very clear. It is not fully understood whether there exists a global temperature for the multi-horizon spacetime or not. Here we show that a global temperature can exist for Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime, Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter spacetime, and rotating BTZ black hole. This temperature does not coincide with the conventional Hawking temperature related to the outer horizon. We also show that the total entropy for these spacetimes can not be determined only by the outer horizon. The correlations between the horizons of these spacetimes determine it.
description: 8 pages, revtex4, accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation
Quantum fluctuation in an inhomogeneous background and its influence on the phase transition in a finite volume system
Creators: name: Li, Xiaogang
name: Shu, Song
name: Li, Jia-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the grand potential and phase transitions of an inhomogeneous finite volume spherical quark system. First the finite volume effects are considered by applying the multiple reflection expansion method which is an approximation for the density of states of the momentum in the grand potential of the finite size system. Then, the density of states of momentum is further modified by the thermal fluctuations in the thermal system with the inhomogeneous field background. The modification of the density of states is calculated by the scattering phase shift from the Dirac equation of quarks in the inhomogeneous field background. By the numerical calculation we show how the phase transition is changed by varying the configuration of the inhomogeneous field background and find that the strong first order phase transition could be weakened or even changed to a crossover as a result.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. Some sentences and typos corrected, 2 new plots, matches published version
Rigid folding equations of degree-6 origami vertices
Creators: name: Farnham, Johnna
name: Hull, Thomas C.
name: Rumbolt, Aubrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70B15, 52C25

description: Rigid origami, with applications ranging from nano-robots to unfolding solar sails in space, describes when a material is folded along straight crease line segments while keeping the regions between the creases planar. Prior work has found explicit equations for the folding angles of a flat-foldable degree-4 origami vertex and some cases of degree-6 vertices. We extend this work to generalized symmetries of the degree-6 vertex where all sector angles equal $60^\circ$. We enumerate the different viable rigid folding modes of these degree-6 crease patterns and then use $2^{nd}$-order Taylor expansions and prior rigid folding techniques to find algebraic folding angle relationships between the creases. This allows us to explicitly compute the configuration space of these degree-6 vertices, and in the process we uncover new explanations for the effectiveness of Weierstrass substitutions in modeling rigid origami. These results expand the toolbox of rigid origami mechanisms that engineers and materials scientists may use in origami-inspired designs.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
Quark condensate and chiral symmetry restoration in neutron stars
Creators: name: Jin, Hao-Miao
name: Xia, Cheng-Jun
name: Sun, Ting-Ting
name: Peng, Guang-Xiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an equivparticle model, we investigate the in-medium quark condensate in neutron stars. Carrying out a Taylor expansion of the nuclear binding energy to the order of $ρ^3$, we obtain a series of EOSs for neutron star matter, which are confronted with the latest nuclear and astrophysical constraints. The in-medium quark condensate is then extracted from the constrained properties of neutron star matter, which decreases non-linearly with density. However, the chiral symmetry is only partially restored with non-vanishing quark condensates, which may vanish at a density that is out of reach for neutron stars.
Ultralow Work Function of the Electride Sr$_3$CrN$_3$
Creators: name: Wang, Cuicui
name: Xu, Miaoting
name: Butler, Keith T.
name: Burton, Lee A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrides have valence electrons that occupy free space in the crystal structure, making them easier to extract. This feature can be used in catalysis for important reactions that usually requires a high-temperature and high-pressure environments, such as ammonia synthesis. In this paper, we use density functional theory to investigate the behaviour of interstitial electrons of the 1-dimensional electride Sr$_3$CrN$_3$. We find that the bulk excess electron density persists on introduction of surface terminations, that the crystal termination perpendicular to the 1D free-electron channel is highly stable and we confirm an extremely low work function with hybrid functional methods. Our results indicate that Sr$_3$CrN$_3$ is a potentially important novel catalyst, with accessible, directional and extractable free electron density.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Integrated Decision and Control at Multi-Lane Intersections with Mixed Traffic Flow
Creators: name: Jiang, Jianhua
name: Ren, Yangang
name: Guan, Yang
name: Li, Shengbo Eben
name: Yin, Yuming
name: Jin, Xiaoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autonomous driving at intersections is one of the most complicated and accident-prone traffic scenarios, especially with mixed traffic participants such as vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians. The driving policy should make safe decisions to handle the dynamic traffic conditions and meet the requirements of on-board computation. However, most of the current researches focuses on simplified intersections considering only the surrounding vehicles and idealized traffic lights. This paper improves the integrated decision and control framework and develops a learning-based algorithm to deal with complex intersections with mixed traffic flows, which can not only take account of realistic characteristics of traffic lights, but also learn a safe policy under different safety constraints. We first consider different velocity models for green and red lights in the training process and use a finite state machine to handle different modes of light transformation. Then we design different types of distance constraints for vehicles, traffic lights, pedestrians, bicycles respectively and formulize the constrained optimal control problems (OCPs) to be optimized. Finally, reinforcement learning (RL) with value and policy networks is adopted to solve the series of OCPs. In order to verify the safety and efficiency of the proposed method, we design a multi-lane intersection with the existence of large-scale mixed traffic participants and set practical traffic light phases. The simulation results indicate that the trained decision and control policy can well balance safety and tracking performance. Compared with model predictive control (MPC), the computational time is three orders of magnitude lower.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 11 equations and 14 conferences
The stellar metallicities of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3 from KMOS+VANDELS
Creators: name: Carnall, A. C.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Hamadouche, M.
name: Cullen, F.
name: McLeod, D. J.
name: Begley, R.
name: Amorin, R.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Fontanot, F.
name: Gargiulo, A.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Talia, M.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Calabro, A.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Hathi, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rest-frame UV-optical stacked spectrum representative of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.010.8$. The stack is constructed using VANDELS survey data, combined with new KMOS observations. We apply two independent full-spectral-fitting approaches, measuring a total metallicity, [Z/H]=$-0.13\pm0.08$ with Bagpipes, and [Z/H]=$0.04\pm0.14$ with Alf, a fall of $\sim0.2-0.3$ dex compared with the local Universe. We also measure an iron abundance, [Fe/H] =$-0.18\pm0.08$, a fall of $\sim0.15$ dex compared with the the local Universe. We measure the alpha enhancement via the magnesium abundance, obtaining [Mg/Fe]=$0.23\pm$0.12, consistent with similar-mass galaxies in the local Universe, indicating no evolution in the average alpha enhancement of log$(M_*/\rm{M_\odot})=11$ quiescent galaxies over the last $\sim8$ Gyr. This suggests the very high alpha enhancements recently reported for several bright $z\sim1-2$ quiescent galaxies are due to their extreme masses, log$(M_*/\rm{M_\odot})\gtrsim11.5$, rather than being typical of the $z\gtrsim1$ population. The metallicity evolution we observe with redshift (falling [Z/H], [Fe/H], constant [Mg/Fe]) is consistent with recent studies. We recover a mean stellar age of $2.5^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ Gyr, corresponding to a formation redshift, $z_\rm{form}=2.4^{+0.6}_{-0.3}$. Recent studies have obtained varying average formation redshifts for $z\gtrsim1$ massive quiescent galaxies, and, as these studies report consistent metallicities, we identify different star-formation-history models as the most likely cause. Larger spectroscopic samples from upcoming ground-based instruments will provide precise constraints on ages and metallicities at $z\gtrsim1$. Combining these with precise JWST $z>2$ quiescent-galaxy stellar-mass functions will provide an independent test of formation redshifts derived from spectral fitting.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Photophysics of Two-Dimensional Semiconducting Organic-Inorganic Metal-Halide Perovskites
Creators: name: Straus, Daniel B.
name: Kagan, Cherie R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2DHPs) consist of alternating anionic metal-halide and cationic organic layers. They have widely tunable structural and optical properties. We review the role of the organic cation in defining the structural and optical properties of 2DHPs through example lead iodide 2DHPs. Even though excitons reside in the metal halide layers, the organic and inorganic frameworks cannot be separated-they must be considered as a single unit to fully understand the photophysics of 2DHPs. We correlate cation-induced distortion and disorder in the inorganic lattice with the resulting optical properties. We also discuss the role of the cation in creating and altering the discrete excitonic structure that appears at cryogenic temperatures in some 2DHPs, including the cation-dependent presence of hot exciton photoluminescence. We conclude our review with an outlook for 2DHPs, highlighting existing gaps in fundamental knowledge as well as potential future applications.
description: Review article submitted to Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 35 pages, 8 figures. This version corrects a few typos
On Quantum Gravity If Non-Locality Is Fundamental
Creators: name: Kauffman, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I take non-locality to be the Michaelson Morley experiment of the 21st Century, assume its universal validity, and try to derive its consequences. Spacetime, with its locality, cannot be fundamental, but emergent from entangled coherent quantum variables and their behaviors. Two consequences: i. If we start with non-locality, we need not explain non-locality. We must explain an emergence of locality and spacetime. ii. There can be no emergence of spacetime without matter. This contradicts General Relativity, which is local, formulatable without matter and without an emergence of spacetime. Quantum gravity cannot be a minor alteration of General Relativity. This will lead to: Matter not only deforms spacetime, but creates spacetime. This quantum creation of spacetime consists in: i. Fully non-local entangled coherent quantum variables. ii. The onset of locality via decoherence. iii. A metric in Hilbert Space among entangled quantum variables. iv. Mapping from metric distances in Hilbert Space to metric distances in classical spacetime by episodic actualization events. v. Discrete spacetime is the relations among these discrete actualization events. vi. "Now" is the shared moment of actualization of one among the entangled variables. vii. The discrete, successive, episodic, irreversible actualization events constitute a quantum arrow of time. viii. The arrow of time history of these events is recorded in the very structure of the spacetime constructed. ix. Actual Time is a succession of two or more actual events. Relation to Causal Set Theory, faithful Lorentzian manifolds and light cones are discussed. The theory inevitably yields a UV cut off. The cut off is a phase transition between continuous spacetime before the transition and discontinuous spacetime beyond the phase transition. This may predict the knee and ankle of the gamma ray spectrum. Testing via the Casimir effect is proposed.
Realistic neutron star models in $f(T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Lin, Rui-Hui
name: Chen, Xiao-Ning
name: Zhai, Xiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonrotating neutron stars in $f(T)$ gravity with $f(T)=T+α{T}^2$, where $T$ is the torsion scalar in the teleparallel formalism of gravity. In particular, we utilize the SLy and BSk family of equations of state for perfect fluid to describe the neutron stellar matter and search for the effects of the $f(T)$ modification on the models of neutron stars. For positive $α$, the modification results in a smaller stellar mass in comparison to general relativity, while the neutron stars will contain larger amount of matter for negative $α$. Moreover, there seems to be an upper limit for the central density of the neutron stars with $α>0$, beyond which the effective $f(T)$ fluid would have a steplike phase transition in density and pressure profiles, collapsing the numerical system. We obtain the mass-radius relations of the realistic models of neutron stars and subject them to the joint constraints from the observed massive pulsars PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, and PSR J2215+5135, and gravitational wave events GW170817 and GW190814. For the neutron star model in $f(T)$ gravity to be able to accommodate all the mentioned data, the model parameter $α$ needs to be smaller than $-4.295$, $-6.476$, $-4.4$, and $-2.12$ (in the unit of ${G}^2M_\odot^2/c^4$) for SLy, BSk19, BSk20, and BSk21 equations of state, respectively. If one considers the unknown compact object in the event GW190814 not to be a neutron star and hence excludes this dataset, the constraints can be loosened to $α
description: version accepted for publication in EPJC
Stock Price Impact Models Study on R@CMon
Creators: name: Jerico Revote
name: Bethwaite, Blair
name: Quenette, Steve
name: Aung, Swe Win
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Research story artefact of the Stock Price Impact Models study on the Monash Research Cloud (R@CMon).
Photonic-enabled radio-frequency self-interference cancellation incorporated in an in-band full-duplex radio-over-fiber system
Creators: name: Shi, Taixia
name: Chen, Yu
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A photonic approach for radio-frequency (RF) self-interference cancellation (SIC) incorporated in an in-band full-duplex radio-over-fiber system is proposed. A dual-polarization binary phase-shift keying modulator is used for dual-polarization multiplexing at the central office (CO). A local oscillator signal and an intermediate-frequency signal carrying the downlink data are single-sideband modulated on the two polarization directions of the modulator, respectively. The optical signal is then transmitted to the remote unit, where the optical signals in the two polarization directions are split into two parts. One part is detected to generate the up-converted downlink RF signal, and the other part is re-modulated by the uplink RF signal and the self-interference, which is then transmitted back to the CO for the signal down-conversion and SIC via the optical domain signal adjustment and balanced detection. The functions of SIC, frequency up-conversion, down-conversion, and fiber transmission with dispersion immunity are all incorporated in the system. An experiment is performed. Cancellation depths of more than 39 dB for the single-tone signal and more than 20 dB for the 20-MBaud 16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal are achieved in the back-to-back case. The performance of the system does not have a significant decline when a section of 4.1-km optical fiber is incorporated.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Reaction mechanism study for multinucleon transfer processes in collisions of spherical and deformed nuclei at energies near and above the Coulomb barrier: The $^{16}$O+$^{154}$Sm reaction
Creators: name: Roy, B. J.
name: Santra, S.
name: Pal, A.
name: Kumawat, H.
name: Pandit, S. K.
name: Parkar, V. V.
name: Ramachandran, K.
name: Mahata, K.
name: Sekizawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Multinucleon transfer reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier offer a vital opportunity to study rich physics of nuclear structure and dynamics. Despite the continuous development in the field, we have still limited knowledge about how deformation - one of the representative nuclear structures - affects multinucleon transfer reactions. Purpose: To shed light on the effect of deformation in multinucleon transfer processes, we study the $^{16}$O+$^{154}$Sm reaction at $E_{\rm lab}$=85 MeV (around the Coulomb barrier) and 134 MeV (substantially above the Coulomb barrier), where the target nucleus, $^{154}$Sm, is a well-established, deformed nucleus. Results: Angular distributions for elastic scattering and for various transfer channels were measured over a wide angular range at the BARC-TIFR pelletron-Linac accelerator facility, Mumbai. The $Q$-value- and angle-integrated isotope production cross sections have been extracted from the measured angular distributions. The experimental data are analyzed along with time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations. For the lower incident energy case, we find a reasonable agreement between the measurements and the TDHF calculations for a-few-nucleon transfer channels; whereas TDHF underestimates cross sections for many-nucleon transfers, consistent with earlier works. On the other side, we find that calculated cross sections for secondary reaction products for the higher incident energy case, qualitatively explains the measured trends of isotopic distributions observed for the lower energy. The latter observation indicates possible underestimation of excitation energies in the present TDHF+GEMINI analysis. Although certain orientation effects were observed in TDHF results, it is difficult to disentangle them from the $Q$-value- and angle-integrated production cross sections. (Shortened due to the arXiv's length limit.)
description: 12 pages, 11 figures; v2 - Title has been revised. Analysis of TKEL spectra with two figures (Figs. 3 and 4) has been added. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Optimal entanglement swapping in quantum repeaters
Creators: name: Shchukin, Evgeny
name: van Loock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the problem of finding the optimal entanglement swapping scheme in a quantum repeater chain as a Markov decision process and present its solution for different repeater's sizes. Based on this, we are able to demonstrate that the commonly used "doubling" scheme for performing probabilistic entanglement swapping of probabilistically distributed entangled qubit pairs in quantum repeaters does not always produce the best possible raw rate. Focussing on this figure of merit, without considering additional probabilistic elements for error suppression such as entanglement distillation on higher "nesting levels", our approach reveals that a power-of-two number of segments has no privileged position in quantum repeater theory; the best scheme can be constructed for any number of segments. Moreover, classical communication can be included into our scheme, and we show how this influences the raw waiting time for different number of segments, confirming again the optimality of "non-doubling" in some relevant parameter regimes. Thus, our approach provides the minimal possible waiting time of quantum repeaters in a fairly general physical setting.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Master Stability Functions for metacommunities with two types of habitats
Creators: name: Krauß, Alexander
name: Gross, Thilo
name: Drossel, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Current questions in ecology revolve around instabilities in the dynamics on spatial networks and particularly the effect of node heterogeneity. We extend the Master Stability Function formalism to inhomogeneous biregular networks having two types of spatial nodes. Notably, this class of systems also allows the investigation of certain types of dynamics on higher-order networks. Combined with the Generalized Modelling approach to study the linear stability of steady states, this is a powerful tool to numerically asses the stability of large ensembles of systems. We analyze the stability of ecological metacommunities with two distinct types of habitats analytically and numerically in order to identify several sets of conditions under which the dynamics can become stabilized by dispersal. Our analytical approach allows general insights into stabilizing and destabilizing effects in metapopulations. Specifically, we show that maladaptive dispersal may be stable under certain conditions.
description: Submitted to Physical Review E
Valley Degree of Freedom in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials
Creators: name: Soni, Ashish
name: Pal, Suman Kalyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered materials can possess valleys that are indistinguishable from one another except for the momentum. These valleys are individually addressable in momentum space at the K and K' points in the first Brillouin zone. Such valley addressability opens up the possibility of utilizing the momentum state of quasi-particles as a completely new paradigm in quantum and classical information processing. This review focuses on the physics behind valley polarization and talks about carriers of valley degree of freedom (VDF) in layered materials. Then we provide a detailed survey of simple spectroscopic techniques commonly utilized to identify and manipulate valley polarization in van der Waals layered materials. Finally, we conclude with the recent developments towards the manipulation of VDF for device application and associated challenges.
description: 61 pages, 11 figures
LMX questionnaires translated into Swedish
Creators: name: Olsson, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Survey Results
Applied Psychology
Organizational Behavioral Psychology

description: Swedish LMX questionnaires. Swedish verisons of follower rated LMX (LMX-MDM, Liden & Maslyn, 1998) and leader rated LMX (SLMX-MDM, Greguras & Ford, 2006). They have been used in http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.011 and in my dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/2077/31453 (Olsson, 2012).
Extended Hernquist-Springel formalism for cosmic star formation
Creators: name: Sorini, Daniele
name: Peacock, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a revised and extended version of the analytic model for cosmic star formation originally given by Hernquist & Springel in 2003. The key assumption of this formalism is that star formation proceeds from cold gas, at a rate that is limited by an internal consumption timescale at early times, or by the rate of generation of gas via cooling at late times. These processes are analysed as a function of the mass of dark matter haloes and integrated over the halo population. We modify this approach in two main ways to make it more general: (1) halo collapse times are included explicitly, so that the behaviour is physically reasonable at late times; (2) allowance is made for a mass-dependent baryon fraction in haloes, which incorporates feedback effects. This model reproduces the main features of the observed baryonic Tully-Fisher relationship, and is consistent with observational estimates of the baryon mass fraction in the intergalactic medium. With minimal adjustment of parameters, our approach reproduces the observed history of cosmic star formation within a factor of two over the redshift range $0 < z < 10$. This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. Our simplified apparatus has pedagogical value in illuminating the results of such detailed calculations, and also serves as a means for rapid approximate exploration of non-standard cosmological models.
description: Published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS). This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of the article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review. The version of record (MNRAS, Vol. 508, Issue 4, pp.5802-5824) is available online at: DOI 10.1093/mnras/stab2845. A few sentences and one citation added wrt the previous version. Conclusions unchanged
Quark and scalar propagators at next-to-eikonal accuracy in the CGC through a dynamical background gluon field
Creators: name: Altinoluk, Tolga
name: Beuf, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the calculation of quark and scalar propagators in a gluon background field at Next-to-Eikonal accuracy, which will provide the first power correction to scattering processes in the high-energy limit, including gluon saturation effects. The two main results of our study are as follows. First, we derive a very general Next-to-Eikonal expansion of the quark propagator in terms of the scalar propagator, which allows us to isolate spinor-specific Next-to-Eikonal corrections from the universal ones. Second, we present a new method allowing, for the first time, a systematic calculation of the Next-to-Eikonal corrections coming from the $x^-$ dependence of the background field. This opens the possibility to study high-energy scattering processes on a target with non-trivial dynamics instead of on a static one, by going beyond infinite Lorentz time dilation of the target.
description: 46 pages. This version includes an improved discussion of the power counting used for subeikonal corrections. The derivation of next-to-eikonal effects associated with the dynamics of the target is also significantly improved, and exposed in the new appendix D