cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-field magnets
Creators: name: Védrine, P.
name: García-Tabarés, L.
name: Auchmann, B.
name: Ballarino, A.
name: Baudouy, B.
name: Bottura, L.
name: Fazilleau, P.
name: Noe, M.
name: Prestemon, S.
name: Rochepault, E.
name: Rossi, L.
name: Senatore, C.
name: Shepherd, B.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: High-field magnets (HFM) are among the key technologies that will enable the search for new physics at the energy frontier. Approved projects (HL-LHC) and potential future circular machines such as proton-proton Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) and Super proton-proton Collider (SppC) require the development of superconducting (SC) magnets that produce fields beyond those attained in the LHC. The programme proposed here will advance beyond the results achieved over the past twenty years in past European and international programmes such as EU FP6 Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe (CARE), EU FP7 European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development (EuCARD), EU FP7 Enhanced European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development (EuCARD2), EU FP7 Accelerator Research and Innovation for European Science and Society (ARIES), and current work such as HL-LHC, EU H2020 Innovation Fostering in Accelerator Science and Technology (I-FAST), CERN-HFM and US Magnet Development Program (US-MDP).
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Simultaneous analysis of Lasso and Dantzig selector
Creators: name: Bickel, Peter J.
name: Ritov, Ya'acov
name: Tsybakov, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We exhibit an approximate equivalence between the Lasso estimator and Dantzig selector. For both methods we derive parallel oracle inequalities for the prediction risk in the general nonparametric regression model, as well as bounds on the $\ell_p$ estimation loss for $1\le p\le 2$ in the linear model when the number of variables can be much larger than the sample size.
description: Noramlization factor corrected
Stick-slip friction and rotational vibration under large contact areas and uneven distributed loads
Creators: name: Baleri, Mudlagiri
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The proposed research is aimed at the analysis of stick-slip frictional phenomenon when large contact areas are involved and, due to the physical structure of the system, high uneven contact loads are generated. The study will look at both mechanistic and tribological aspects of the problem. The main objective of the research is to achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon based on experimental observations and to develop a mathematical representation under realistic conditions. A non-linear finite element model has been developed using ANSYS to obtain an understanding of the contact pressure distribution at the interface of contact of large surfaces due to the applied loads. A mathematical model of this distribution has been derived based on the results of the ANSYS solution. The friction torque acting at the contact surface has then been estimated by integrating elemental friction torque over the entire plate area. The LuGre friction model for the localized contacts has been extended for large contact areas using an integration approach. The simulations have been carried out using Simulink to understand the dynamic behavior of the integrated LuGre model as well as to assess the effect of various system parameters on the stick-slip vibrations. A test rig has been designed and fabricated to re-construct the realistic situations that occur in large robots and excavators for example. The instrumentation, signal processing, data acquisition and analysis have subsequently been carried out. The experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters such as total load, loading configuration, speed, and spring stiffness on the stick-slip vibrations. The simulations using proposed integrated LuGre model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The experiments have revealed that with all other parameters being same, the stick-slip vibrations are more likely to occur under concentrated loading as compared to distributed loading for the same total load.
Goatteloubbal
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Goatte betyr gamme, loubbal betyr elv som har utvidet seg til et vann.
description: Korrekt navn er muligens "Goatteluobbal". Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Goatteloubbal
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: «Denne store gamma ved Goatteloubal fjellstue ble bygd like etter evakueringa i 1945 av Nils Mortensen Hætta, som bodde her med sin familie inntil de fikk bygd hus. Materialene i gamma er rester av tysk tømmer. Senere delvis fornyet med bjørkestenger. Inngang mot øst, da sterk vind fra vest. Gamma ligger ca. 10 m fra vannet. Like ved står et stativ til å tørke fiskegarn på. Gamma brukes i dag til oppbevaring av fiskeutstyr og overnattingsted for fiskere» (tekst fra plansje).
description: Korrekt navn er muligens "Goatteluobbal". Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Goatteloubbal
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Fiskegamme. «Denne gamma er bygget like etter 1945 og ligger ca. 25 m fra den store gamma i Goattelouball. Den brukes til oppbevaring av saltet fisk. Da gamma er gravd så langt ned i bakkken holder den lav temperatur om sommeren» (tekst fra plansje)
description: Korrekt navn er muligens "Goatteluobbal". Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Gamasjavrre
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: «Denne gamma virket veldig karrig og primitiv p.g.a. at den var bygd av veldig krokete bjørkestammer som var barket. Hadde en følelse av at hele floken av vridde bjørkestammer kunne ramle sammen når som helst. Hovedkonst. består av 4 bærestokker som øverst er bundet sammen med 4 tverrstokker, slik at ljoren danner en firkant» (tekst fra plansje)¨
description: Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Hansasaiva
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: «Denne gamma ble bygd ca. 1932. Grunnen til at den ikke ble brent i 1944 er at den ligger i et område med farlige myrer og tett kratt, slik at det er veldig vanskelig å komme hit. Fugle- og viltbestanden gav et tydelig bevis på at området sjelden blir besøkt. De få samene som bruker gamma i dag fisker i Hansasaiva. Vinteren 1944-45 gjemte noen samer seg her i stedet for å reise sørover. Gamma er konstruert av to buer som er bundet sammen med en tverrstang øverst. Mot denne konstruksjonen er det satt opp 5 andre stokker. Mellom disse og hovedkonstruksjonen ligger tverrstokker som holder den vertikale kledningen på plass» (tekst fra plansje).
description: Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Hansasaiva
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: «Hvert av de samiske navnene har sin egen spesielle bokstav, slik at de kort kan skrive navnet på alle redskaper og ting de har med når de flytter omkring på vidda. Øverste inskripsjon står på gammedøra i Hansasaiva. Den betyr: Berit Anna Johansdatter Hætta. Nederste inskripsjon står på en av kledningstokkene 62 cm over bakken. Den betyr: Aslak Matheus Nilsen Siri Ellen Nilsen Gaup» (tekst fra plansje).
description: Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Luppojavrre
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: «Denne gammetypen kalles torvtelt p.g.a. at konst. er den samme som for sommerteltene. Bærestokkene er v-formet i endene. De støttes opp mot hverandre og møtes midt over åren. Kledningsstokkene støttes opp mot knuten som bærestokkene danner» (tekst fra plansje).
description: Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Dipolariton propagation in a van der Waals TMDC with Ψ-shaped channel guides and buffered channel branches
Creators: name: Serafin, Patrick
name: Kolmakov, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a computational approach based on the driven diffusion equation for dipolariton wave packets, we simulate the diffusive dynamics of dipolaritons in an optical microcavity embedded with a transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterogeneous bilayer encompassing a Ψ-shaped channel. By considering exciton-dipolaritons, which are a three way superposition of direct excitons, indirect excitons and cavity photons, we are able to drive the dipolaritons in our system by the use of an electric voltage and investigate their diffusive properties. More precisely, we study the propagation of dipolaritons present in a MoSe2-WS2 heterostructure, where the dipolariton propagation is guided by a Ψ-shaped channel. We also consider the propagation of dipolaritons in the presence of a buffer in the Ψ-shaped channel and study resulting changes in efficiency. We introduce designs for optical routers at room temperature as well as show that system parameters including driving forces of ~2.0eV/mm and electric field angles of sixty degrees optimize the dipolariton redistribution efficiencies in our channel guide.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Multi-Features Guidance Network for partial-to-partial point cloud registration
Creators: name: Wang, Hongyuan
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Kang, Wen
name: Yan, Zhiqiang
name: Wang, Bingwen
name: Ning, Qianhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To eliminate the problems of large dimensional differences, big semantic gap, and mutual interference caused by hybrid features, in this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Features Guidance Network for partial-to-partial point cloud registration(MFG). The proposed network mainly includes four parts: keypoints' feature extraction, correspondences searching, correspondences credibility computation, and SVD, among which correspondences searching and correspondence credibility computation are the cores of the network. Unlike the previous work, we utilize the shape features and the spatial coordinates to guide correspondences search independently and fusing the matching results to obtain the final matching matrix. In the correspondences credibility computation module, based on the conflicted relationship between the features matching matrix and the coordinates matching matrix, we score the reliability for each correspondence, which can reduce the impact of mismatched or non-matched points. Experimental results show that our network outperforms the current state-of-the-art while maintaining computational efficiency.
description: preprint version, the final version is accepted by Neural Computing and Applications and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06464-y
A foundation for the design and assessment of improved instruments for minimally invasive surgery
Creators: name: Person, John Gunnar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The goals of this project are to establish a foundation for research into the design and assessment of improved instruments for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Minimally invasive surgery has exploded into general surgical practice in the last decade with the introduction of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Though beneficial to patients, the new technique is complicated by physical and mental challenges which make it difficult for surgeons to master. Improved instrumentation and teleoperators have the potential to ease the strain of performing the technique and improve surgeon performance. An experiment on the effects of physical constraints on surgeon performance is presented, in this report suggests that an economical and effective solution is to develop a teleoperator device constrained to 4 degrees of freedom which restores the natural motion mapping between the hand and instrument tip across the fulcrum point in the abdomen wall. A prototype 4 degree of freedom, mechanical teleoperator is constructed to'test this theory. The goal in developing this device is to map motion from the surgeon controlled master handle to the slave instrument tip within the surgical site, using only mechanical force transmission. Such a device has the potential to offer an economic solution to performance problems currently seen in MIS. Pitch and yaw motions are mapped between master and slave by direct mechanical linkage. Fundamental problems with a novel friction drive mechanism, however, prevent the prototype from functioning as anticipated, leaving the project open to future improvements. In order to effectively test for real improvements in surgeon performance, we also proposed a motion analysis system for measuring surgeon performance during actual surgeries. This system will be employed in future studies to validate surgical simulations in the laboratory which may be used to test and develop new instruments. A pilot study is performed to assess the potential of using the system to track the unconstrained motion of the surgeon's dominant arm over the course of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An ergonomic posture sampling study is performed to demonstrate the usefulness of the motion analysis system in this application.
Observation of h_c(^1P_1) State of Charmonium
Creators: name: Rosner, J. L.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The h_c(1P1) state of charmonium has been observed in the reaction ψ(2S) -> \pi0 h_c -> (γγ)(γη_c) using 3.08 million ψ(2S) decays recorded in the CLEO detector. Data have been analyzed both for the inclusive reaction, where the decay products of the η_c are not identified, and for exclusive reactions, in which η_c decays are reconstructed in seven hadronic decay channels. We find M(h_c)=3524.4 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.4 MeV which corresponds to a hyperfine splitting ΔM_{hf}(1P) \equiv -M(1P1)=+1.0+/-0.6+/-0.4 MeV, and B(ψ(2S)->\pi0 h_c)xB(h_c->γη_c)=(4. +/-0.8+/-0.7)x10^{-4}.
description: 9 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2005/, submitted to PRL
Interfacial electrical and chemical properties of deposited SiO2 layers in lateral implanted 4H-SiC MOSFETs subjected to different nitridations
Creators: name: Fiorenza, Patrick
name: Bongiorno, Corrado
name: Giannazzo, Filippo
name: Alessandrino, Santi
name: Messina, Angelo
name: Saggio, Mario
name: Roccaforte, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, SiO2 layers deposited on 4H-SiC and subjected to different post deposition annealing (PDA) in NO and N2O were studied to identify the key factors influencing the channel mobility and threshold voltage stability in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. In particular, PDA in NO gave a higher channel mobility (55 cm2V-1s-1) than PDA in N2O (20 cm2V-1s-1), and the subthreshold behavior of the devices confirmed a lower total amount of interface states for the NO case. This latter could be also deduced from the behavior of the capacitance-voltage characteristics of 4H-SiC MOSFETs measured in gate controlled diode configuration. On the other hand, cyclic gate bias stress measurements allowed to separate the contributions of interface states (Nit) both on the upper and bottom parts of the 4H-SiC band gap and near interface oxide traps (NIOTs) in the two oxides. In particular, it was found that NO annealing reduced the total density of charges trapped at the interface states down to 3 x 1011 cm- 2 and those trapped inside the oxide down to 1 x 1011 cm-2. Electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrated that the reduction of these traps in the NO annealed sample is due to the lower amounts of sub-stoichiometric silicon oxide (~ 1nm) and carbon-related defects (< 1nm) at the interface, respectively. This correlation represents a further step in the comprehension of the physics of the SiO2/4H-SiC interface explaining the mobility and threshold voltage behavior of 4H-SiC MOSFETs.
Goatteloubbal
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Dører til gamme ved fjellstua og fiskegamme
description: Korrekt navn er muligens "Goatteluobbal". Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
Intermittent Synchronization in finite-state random networks under Markov Perturbations
Creators: name: Berger, Arno
name: Qian, Hong
name: Wang, Shirou
name: Yi, Yingfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 37A50, Secondary 37H05, 34F05, 60J10

description: By introducing extrinsic noise as well as intrinsic uncertainty into a network with stochastic events, this paper studies the dynamics of the resulting Markov random network and characterizes a novel phenomenon of intermittent synchronization and desynchronization that is due to an interplay of the two forms of randomness in the system. On a finite state space and in discrete time, the network allows for unperturbed (or "deterministic") randomness that represents the extrinsic noise but also for small intrinsic uncertainties modelled by a Markov perturbation. It is shown that if the deterministic random network is synchronized (resp., uniformly synchronized), then for almost all realizations of its extrinsic noise the stochastic trajectories of the perturbed network synchronize along almost all (resp., along all) time sequences after a certain time, with high probability. That is, both the probability of synchronization and the proportion of time spent in synchrony are arbitrarily close to one. Under smooth Markov perturbations, high-probability synchronization and low-probability desynchronization occur intermittently in time, which can both be precisely described via an asymptotic expansion of the invariant distribution. Existence and uniqueness of invariant distributions are established, as well as their convergence as the perturbation parameter vanishes. An explicit asymptotic expansion is derived. Ergodicity of the extrinsic noise dynamics is seen to be crucial for the characterization of (de)synchronization sets and their respective relative frequencies. An example of a smooth Markov perturbation of a synchronized probabilistic Boolean network is provided to illustrate the intermittency between high-probability synchronization and low-probability desynchronization.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Gammer og telt
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Seks foto på plansje. Telt i Biggelouball, gamme i Gamasjavrre, gamme i Luppojavrre, sommertelt, vintertelt, to samiske barn
description: Oppmålingstegning. Oppmålt for Byggekunst V, NTH
πN and ηp deexcitation channels of the N^* and Δbaryonic resonances between 1470 and 1680 MeV
Creators: name: Tatischeff, B.
name: Yonnet, J.
name: Boivin, M.
name: Commets, M. P.
name: Courtat, P.
name: Gacougnolle, R.
name: Bornec, Y. Le
name: Loireleux, E.
name: MacCormick, M.
name: Reide, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two reactions, pp->ppX and pp->pπ^+X, are used to study the 1.47
description: 29 pages, plus 50 (.png) figures Will be published in a slightly reduced size in Phys. Rev. C
Evaluation of EPIC for Three Minnesota Cropping Systems
Creators: name: Chung, S.W.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Huggins, David R.
name: Randall, G.W.
name: Chung, S.W.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Huggins, David R.
name: Randall, G.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: modeling
subject: water quality
subject: crop rotation
subject: tile drainage
subject: nitrate leaching
subject: fertilizer

description: The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was tested using four years of field data collected at a site near Lamberton, Minnesota, under three different crop rotations: continuous corn (Zea mays L.) or CC, soybean (Glycine max L.)-corn (SC), continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or CA. The model was evaluated by comparing measured versus predicted subsurface drainage flow (tile flow), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loss in tile flow, residual NO3-N in the soil profile, crop N uptake, and yield. Initially, EPIC was run using standard Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff curve numbers (CN2) suggested for the soil type at the site. Two different SC runs were performed with a nitrogen fixation parameter denoted as parm(7) set at either 1.0 or 0.3, reflecting uncertainty for this parameter. Under this scenario, EPIC accurately tracked monthly CC and SC variations of tile flow (r2 = 0.86 and 0.90) and NO3- N loss (r2 = 0.69 and 0.52 or 0.62). However, average annual CC and SC tile flows were under-predicted by 32 and 34 percent, and corresponding annual NO3-N losses were under-predicted by 11 and 41 or 52 percent. Predicted average annual tile flows and NO3-N losses improved following calibration of the CN2; CC and SC tile flow under-predictions were -9 and -12 percent while NO3-N losses were 0.6 and -54 or -24 percent. In general, EPIC reliably replicated the impacts of different crop management systems on nitrogen fate; e.g., greater N loss under CC and SC than CA, and less residual soil N under CA as compared to the other cropping systems. The simulated CA monthly tile flows and NO3-N losses also compared poorly with observed values (r2 values of 0.27 and 0.19). However, the predicted CA annual drainage volumes and N losses were of similar magnitude to those measured, which is of primary interest when applying models such as EPIC on a regional scale.
Production and Abatement Distortions under Noisy Green Taxes
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: conditioning
subject: heterogeneity
subject: informativeness
subject: Pigouvian tax
subject: signaling

description: Pigouvian taxes are typically imposed in situations where there is imperfect knowledge on the extent of damage caused by a producing firm. A regulator imposing imperfectly informed Pigouvian taxes may cause the firms that should (should not) produce to shut down (produce). In this paper we use a Bayesian information framework to identify optimal signal-conditioned taxes in the presence of such losses. The tax system involves reducing (increasing) taxes on firms identified as causing high (low) damage. Unfortunately, when an abatement decision has to be made, the tax system that minimizes production distortions also dampens the incentive to abate. In the absence of wrong-firm concerns, a regulator can solve the problem by not adjusting taxes for signal noise. When wrong-firm losses are a concern, the regulator has to trade off losses from distorted production incentives with losses from distorted abatement incentives. The most appropriate policy may involve a combination of instruments.
Systemic Risk in U.S. Crop and Revenue Insurance Programs
Creators: name: Mason, Chuck
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Lence, Sergio H.
name: Mason, Chuck
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Lence, Sergio H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The present study estimates the probability density function of the Federal Risk Management Agency's (RMA) net income from reinsuring crop insurance for corn, wheat, and soybeans. Based on 1997 data, it is estimated that there is a 5 percent probability that RMA will need to reimburse at least $1 billion to insurance companies, and that the fair value of RMA's reinsurance services to insurance firms equals $78.7 million. In addition, various hedging strategies are examined for their potential to reduce RMA's reinsurance risk. The risk reduction achievable by hedging is appreciable, but use of derivative contracts alone is clearly no panacea.
Introduction
Creators: name: Newbold, D.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: The 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) outlined the current status and prospects in the field, and identified priorities for future particle physics accelerator facilities. In time order, these are: completion and commissioning of the CERN High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC); a future electron-positron Higgs factory; and a future hadron collider at the highest achievable energy and luminosity.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
The Economic, Environmental, and Fiscal Impacts of a Targeted Renewal of Conservation Reserve Program Contracts
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
name: Wu, JunJie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: What to do with CRP contracts as they expire is one of the most pressing issues confronting U.S. agricultural policymakers in 1995. Because CRP renewal will compete in 19959 with other agricultural programs for funding, greater attention will be paid to improve targeting of payments to maintain a significant portion of existing environmental and farm benefits at a reduced program cost. We consider three alternative renewal criteria: (1) renewal of least expensive land first (cost-raking), (2) renewal of most environmentally sensitive land first (benefit-ranking), and (3) renewal of land according to the cost per unit of environmental benefit offered (cost/benefit-ranking). Environmental indicators used to measure benefits include sheet and rill erosion, wind erosion, surface water quality, groundwater vulnerability to pesticide leaching, wildlife habitat, and an aggregate of the five individual indicators. Measures of these environmental benefits from targeting environmental indicators for various limits on annual government expenditure are provided. We show that the degree of conflict between maximizing CRP acreage and maximizing environmental benefit is determined by the moments of joint distribution of land opportunity costs and land characteristics. In particular we show that conflicts increase as (1) land rental rates and the level of environmental benefits offered by individual tracts of CRP land become more positively correlated an D(2) the distribution of renewing 49 percent of CRP acreage could provide 72 percent of aggregate environmental benefits while reducing costs by 55 percent. Greater costs savings will result, so policymakers want to target one or two specific environmental benefits.
Hybrid Loop Quantum Cosmology: An Overview
Creators: name: Navascués, Beatriz Elizaga
name: Marugán, Guillermo A. Mena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loop Quantum Gravity is a nonperturbative and background independent program for the quantization of General Relativity. Its underlying formalism has been applied successfully to the study of cosmological spacetimes, both to test the principles and techniques of the theory and to discuss its physical consequences. These applications have opened a new area of research known as Loop Quantum Cosmology. The hybrid approach addresses the quantization of cosmological systems that include fields. This proposal combines the description of a finite number of degrees of freedom using Loop Quantum Cosmology, typically corresponding to a homogeneous background, and a Fock quantization of the field content of the model. In this review we first present a summary of the foundations of homogeneous Loop Quantum Cosmology and we then revisit the hybrid quantization approach, applying it to the study of Gowdy spacetimes with linearly polarized gravitational waves on toroidal spatial sections, and to the analysis of cosmological perturbations in preinflationary and inflationary stages of the Universe. The main challenge is to extract predictions about quantum geometry effects that eventually might be confronted with cosmological observations. This is the first extensive review of the hybrid approach in the literature on Loop Quantum Cosmology.
description: 39 pages
FUSE determination of a low deuterium abundance along an extended sight line in the Galactic disk
Creators: name: Hebrard, G.
name: Tripp, T. M.
name: Chayer, P.
name: Friedman, S. D.
name: Dupuis, J.
name: Sonnentrucker, P.
name: Williger, G. M.
name: Moos, H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the deuterium abundance along the extended sight line (2.7kpc) toward HD 90087 with FUSE. Both in terms of distance and column densities, HD 90087 has the longest and densest sight line observed in the Galactic disk for which a deuterium abundance has been measured from UV absorption lines. Because many interstellar clouds are probed along this sight line, possible variations in the properties of individual clouds should be averaged out. This would yield a deuterium abundance which is characteristic of the interstellar medium on scales larger than the Local Bubble. We report D/O=(1.7+/-0.7)e-2 and D/H=(9.8+/-3.8)e-6 (2 sigma). Our new results confirm that the gas-phase deuterium abundance in the distant interstellar medium is significantly lower than the one measured within the Local Bubble. We supplement our study with a revision of the oxygen abundance toward the moderately distant star Feige 110 (~200 pc). Excluding saturated lines from the fits of the FUSE spectra is critical; this led us to derive an OI column density about two times larger than the one previously reported for Feige 110. The corresponding updated D/O ratio on this sight line is D/O=(2.6+/-1.0)e-2 (2 sigma), which is lower than the one measured within the Local Bubble. The dataset available now outside the Local Bubble shows a contrast between the constancy of D/O and the variability of D/H. As oxygen is considered to be a good proxy for hydrogen within the interstellar medium, this discrepancy is puzzling. (abstract abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
A Review of Complex Systems Approaches to Cancer Networks
Creators: name: Uthamacumaran, Abicumaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cancers remain the lead cause of disease-related, pediatric death in North America. The emerging field of complex systems has redefined cancer networks as a computational system with intractable algorithmic complexity. Herein, a tumor and its heterogeneous phenotypes are discussed as dynamical systems having multiple, strange attractors. Machine learning, network science and algorithmic information dynamics are discussed as current tools for cancer network reconstruction. Deep Learning architectures and computational fluid models are proposed for better forecasting gene expression patterns in cancer ecosystems. Cancer cell decision-making is investigated within the framework of complex systems and complexity theory.
description: 43 pages
The Mystery Deepens: Spitzer Observations of Cool White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: von Hippel, Ted
name: Mullally, Fergal
name: Reach, William T.
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
name: Winget, D. E.
name: Burrows, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 4.5$μ$m and 8$μ$m photometric observations of 18 cool white dwarfs obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our observations demonstrate that four white dwarfs with T_eff< 6000 K show slightly depressed mid-infrared fluxes relative to white dwarf models. In addition, another white dwarf with a peculiar optical and near-infrared spectral energy distribution (LHS 1126) is found to display significant flux deficits in Spitzer observations. These mid-infrared flux deficits are not predicted by the current white dwarf models including collision induced absorption due to molecular hydrogen. We postulate that either the collision induced absorption calculations are incomplete or there are other unrecognized physical processes occuring in cool white dwarf atmospheres. The spectral energy distribution of LHS 1126 surprisingly fits a Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum in the infrared, mimicking a hot white dwarf with effective temperature well in excess of 10$^5$ K. This implies that the source of this flux deficit is probably not molecular absorption but some other process.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, ApJ in press, 10 May 2006
Towards High-Performance Solid-State-LiDAR-Inertial Odometry and Mapping
Creators: name: Li, Kailai
name: Li, Meng
name: Hanebeck, Uwe D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel tightly-coupled LiDAR-inertial odometry and mapping scheme for both solid-state and mechanical LiDARs. As frontend, a feature-based lightweight LiDAR odometry provides fast motion estimates for adaptive keyframe selection. As backend, a hierarchical keyframe-based sliding window optimization is performed through marginalization for directly fusing IMU and LiDAR measurements. For the Livox Horizon, a newly released solid-state LiDAR, a novel feature extraction method is proposed to handle its irregular scan pattern during preprocessing. LiLi-OM (Livox LiDAR-inertial odometry and mapping) is real-time capable and achieves superior accuracy over state-of-the-art systems for both LiDAR types on public data sets of mechanical LiDARs and in experiments using the Livox Horizon. Source code and recorded experimental data sets are available at https://github.com/KIT-ISAS/lili-om.
description: 16 pages
Magnetic susceptibility anisotropies in a two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
Creators: name: Neto, M. B. Silva
name: Benfatto, L.
name: Juricic, V.
name: Smith, C. Morais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet that incorporates both a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and pseudo-dipolar interactions are studied within the framework of a generalized nonlinear sigma model (NLSM). We calculate the static uniform susceptibility and sublattice magnetization as a function of temperature and we show that: i) the magnetic-response is anisotropic and differs qualitatively from the expected behavior of a conventional easy-axis QHAF; ii) the Neel second-order phase transition becomes a crossover, for a magnetic field B perpendicular to the CuO(2) layers. We provide a simple and clear explanation for all the recently reported unusual magnetic anisotropies in the low-field susceptibility of La(2)CuO(4), L. N. Lavrov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 017007 (2001), and we demonstrate explicitly why La(2)CuO(4) can not be classified as an ordinary easy-axis antiferromagnet.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Revtex4, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Assessing Consumers' Valuation of Cosmetically Damaged Apples Using a Mixed Probit Model
Creators: name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Mueller, Daren S.
name: Nonnecke, Gail R.
name: Gleason, Mark L.
name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Mueller, Daren S.
name: Nonnecke, Gail R.
name: Gleason, Mark L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: apples
subject: sooty blotch and flyspeck
subject: organic
subject: cosmetic damage
subject: willingness to buy
subject: mixed probit model

description: A mixed probit model was applied to survey data to analyze consumers' willingness to buy apples with cosmetic damage caused by the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease complex. The analysis finds consumers will pay a premium for organic production methods and for apples with low amounts of SBFS damage. Behavioral variables such as experience in growing fruit significantly affect the willingness to buy apples of different damage levels. Consumers' tolerance of very blemished apples is limited and they trade off production technology attributes for cosmetic appearance. Better understanding of this trade-off is important to organic producers' decisions about disease control.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 01/18/06.
Prediction of combined heat and mass transfer for a fully developed flow of supercritical water
Creators: name: Xu, Li
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a technology for destroying organic wastes. In this process, water, organic waste and oxidant are brought together, and organics are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Under supercritical conditions, water has different features compared to normal water. Inorganic salts become insoluble at supercritical condition. Salts dissolved in organic wastes and produced from base and acid reactions in the system precipitate out of solution in the reactor. Fouling from salt is a serious problem for SCWO development. The salt deposition rate is proportional to the mass transfer coefficient and concentration difference between the wall and the bulk solution. In this work, a mass transfer model using concepts introduced by Deissler is developed based on an analogy among momentum, heat and mass transfer. The study focuses on supercritical water flow in a heated horizontal pipe. We ignore entrance length effects and assume that it is fully developed turbulent flow. Buoyancy is neglected in present research, so the flow is axisymmetric. The mixing length model with Van Driest's expression is used to calculate an eddy viscosity. We call this method to calculate heat and mass transfer coefficient the "Deissler- Van Driest" model. The model is validated by comparing laminar parabolic velocity profiles and turbulent velocity profiles for constant properties. The agreement in both cases is very good. Different mesh sizes are tested to check the effect on the results. Further validation is performed for variable properties: results are compared to the velocity profiles and heat transfer coefficients available in the literature, and also heat transfer coefficients predicted by Swenson et al's correlation (Swenson, H.S., Carver, J.R., and Kakarale, C.R., J. of Heat Transfer, November 1965.) Mass transfer coefficients calculated using the Deissler-Van Driest model are very similar to those predicted by the Swenson et al. correlation (with Prandtl number replaced by Schmidt number). Mass transfer coefficient increases steadily with bulk temperature. There is no peak in the pseudocritical region (where heat transfer coefficient peaks). Under supercritical conditions, the diffusion coefficient increases with temperature, but density and viscosity decrease with temperature. Higher diffusion coefficient, lower density and viscosity accelerate the diffusion of molecules and the transport of bulk fluid. This increases the mass transfer coefficient, especially at pseudocritical temperature.
Geometrization of electromagnetism in tetrad-spin-connection gravity
Creators: name: Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metric-affine Lagrangian of Ponomarev and Obukhov for the unified gravitational and electromagnetic field is linear in the Ricci scalar and quadratic in the tensor of homothetic curvature. We apply to this Lagrangian the variational principle with the tetrad and spin connection as dynamical variables and show that, in this approach, the field equations are the Einstein-Maxwell equations if we relate the electromagnetic potential to the trace of the spin connection. We also show that, as in the Ponomarev-Obukhov formulation, the generally covariant Dirac Lagrangian gives rise to the standard spinor source for the Einstein-Maxwell equations, while the spinor field obeys the nonlinear Heisenberg-Ivanenko equation with the electromagnetic coupling. We generalize that formulation to spinors with arbitrary electric charges.
description: 8 pages; published version
Robust Stability of Suboptimal Moving Horizon Estimation using an Observer-Based Candidate Solution
Creators: name: Schiller, Julian D.
name: Knüfer, Sven
name: Müller, Matthias A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we propose a suboptimal moving horizon estimator for nonlinear systems. For the stability analysis we transfer the "feasibility-implies-stability/robustness" paradigm from model predictive control to the context of moving horizon estimation in the following sense: Using a suitably defined, feasible candidate solution based on the trajectory of an auxiliary observer, robust stability of the proposed suboptimal estimator is inherited independently of the horizon length and even if no optimization is performed.
General calculation of $4f-5d$ transition rates for rare-earth ions using many-body perturbation theory
Creators: name: Duan, Chang-Kui
name: Reid, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $4f-5d$ transition rates for rare-earth ions in crystals can be calculated with an effective transition operator acting between model $4f^N$ and $4f^{N-1}5d$ states calculated with effective Hamiltonian, such as semi-empirical crystal Hamiltonian. The difference of the effective transition operator from the original transition operator is the corrections due to mixing in transition initial and final states of excited configurations from both the center ion and the ligand ions. These corrections are calculated using many-body perturbation theory. For free ions, there are important one-body and two-body corrections. The one-body correction is proportional to the original electric dipole operator with magnitude of approximately 40% of the uncorrected electric dipole moment. Its effect is equivalent to scaling down the radial integral $\ME {5d} r {4f}$, to about 60% of the uncorrected HF value. The two-body correction has magnitude of approximately 25% relative to the uncorrected electric dipole moment. For ions in crystals, there is an additional one-body correction due to ligand polarization, whose magnitude is shown to be about 10% of the uncorrected electric dipole moment.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Farm-Level Feed Demand in Turkey
Creators: name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Koc, A. Ali
name: Sengul, Haydar
name: Bayaner, Ahmet
name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Koc, A. Ali
name: Sengul, Haydar
name: Bayaner, Ahmet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: farm-level survey
subject: Turkey
subject: feed demand
subject: feed quality
subject: dairy
subject: slaughter weights
subject: byproducts

description: Using farm-level survey data from Turkey, this study provides estimates of the price responsiveness of feed demand beef, dairy, and sheep producers. In addition, the impact of feed quality on animal yields is assessed in the Turkish dairy cattle sector.
Moving from Uniform to Variable Fertilizer Rates on Iowa Corn: Effects on Rates and Returns
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Pautsch, Gregory R.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Pautsch, Gregory R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper estimates the potential value of switching from applying nitrogen fertilizer according to SRT to applying it according to VRT in 12 Iowa counties. Change in yields, nitrogen use, and profits are estimated for individual fields and entire countries as farmers move from SRT to VRT. The county-level results indicate modest increases in returns over fertilizer costs, ranging form $7.43 per acre to $1.49 per acre. The county-level VRT production benefits are increases in yields ranging form 0.05 to 0.50 bushels per acre and reduction in production costs ranging from $1.19 to $6.83 per acre. The VRT environmental benefit for the entire study area is quite large, ranging from 77 to 172 tons of nitrogen. Increases in the price of corn and nitrogen cause the value of VRT to increase. Greater field variability from either the soil types within a field or from the best manner to treat the soil types also cause the value of VRT to increase.
IMPACT OF WATERSHED SUBDIVISION LEVEL ON FLOWS, SEDIMENT LOADS, AND NUTRIENT LOSSES PREDICTED BY SWAT
Creators: name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Secchi, Silvia
name: Gu, Roy
name: Arnold, Jeffrey G.
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Secchi, Silvia
name: Gu, Roy
name: Arnold, Jeffrey G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: AVSWAT
subject: modeling of sediment yield
subject: SWAT
subject: Soil and Water Assessment Tool
subject: threshold subwatershed size
subject: watershed subdivision

description: The size, scale, and number of subwatersheds can affect a watershed modeling process and subsequent results. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate level of subwatershed division for simulating sediment yield. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with a geographic information system interface (AVSWAT) was applied to four Iowa watersheds that varied greatly in drainage area. Annual output was analyzed from each simulation, which was executed for 30 years using climatic data representing the 1970 to 2000 period. The optimal threshold subwatershed size of the total drainage area to adequately predict sediment yield was found to be around 3 percent. Decreasing the size of subwatersheds beyond this level does not significantly affect the computed sediment yield. This threshold subwatershed size can be used to optimize SWAT input data preparation requirements and simplify the interpretation of results without compromising simulation accuracy.