cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiation measurements in the new tandem accelerator FEL
Creators: name: Gover, A.
name: Faingersh, A.
name: Eliran, A.
name: Volshonok, M.
name: Kleinman, H.
name: Wolowelsky, S.
name: Yakover, Y.
name: Kapilevich, B.
name: Lasser, Y.
name: Seidov, Z.
name: Kanter, M.
name: Zinigrad, A.
name: Einat, M.
name: Lurie, Y.
name: Abramovich, A.
name: Yahalom, A.
name: Pinhasi, Y.
name: Weisman, E.
name: Shiloh, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of both spontaneous and stimulated emissions of radiation in the newly configured Israeli EA-FEL are made for the first time. The radiation at the W-band was measured and characterized. The results match the predictions of our earlier theoretical modeling and calculations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, FEL 2003 Conference report
Deep Audio Waveform Prior
Creators: name: Turetzky, Arnon
name: Michelson, Tzvi
name: Adi, Yossi
name: Peleg, Shmuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Convolutional neural networks contain strong priors for generating natural looking images [1]. These priors enable image denoising, super resolution, and inpainting in an unsupervised manner. Previous attempts to demonstrate similar ideas in audio, namely deep audio priors, (i) use hand picked architectures such as harmonic convolutions, (ii) only work with spectrogram input, and (iii) have been used mostly for eliminating Gaussian noise [2]. In this work we show that existing SOTA architectures for audio source separation contain deep priors even when working with the raw waveform. Deep priors can be discovered by training a neural network to generate a single corrupted signal when given white noise as input. A network with relevant deep priors is likely to generate a cleaner version of the signal before converging on the corrupted signal. We demonstrate this restoration effect with several corruptions: background noise, reverberations, and a gap in the signal (audio inpainting).
description: Interspeech 2022
Risk and Income Risk Management Issues for Organic Crops in Greece
Creators: name: Tzouramani, Irene
name: Karanikolas, Pavlos
name: Alexopoulos, George
name: Tzouramani, Irene
name: Karanikolas, Pavlos
name: Alexopoulos, George
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: organic crops
subject: income variability
subject: risk analysis
subject: SERF
subject: agricultural policy

description: Drawing upon a comparative case study of organic and conventional farming in Western Greece, the aim of this study is threefold: firstly, to explore the organic and conventional farmers’ profile through a factor analysis. Secondly, to assess the economic viability of organic cultivation with respect to profitability and risk behaviour, through a Monte Carlo stochastic simulation model. Thirdly, to discuss the necessity for additional income insurance schemes. Research findings indicate that the organic cropping system currently stands out as the most economically viable alternative under the assumption of the existing payments; without payments, however, conventional agriculture would be preferred by all farmers, regardless of their degree of risk aversion
A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003
Creators: name: Pede, Valerien O.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Pede, Valerien O.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Political Economy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: spatial autoregression
subject: smooth transition
subject: spatial econometrics
subject: STAR
subject: GWR

description: Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
Higher angular momentum pairing states in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ in the presence of longer-range interactions
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Wang, Zhiqiang
name: Kallin, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting symmetry of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ remains a puzzle. Time-reversal symmetry breaking $d_{x^2-y^2} + ig_{xy(x^2-y^2)}$ pairing has been proposed for reconciling multiple key experiments. However, its stability remains unclear. In this work, we theoretically study the superconducting instabilities in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, including the effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), in the presence of both local and longer-range interactions within a random phase approximation. We show that the inclusion of second nearest neighbor repulsions, together with non-local SOC in the $B_{2g}$ channel or orbital-anisotropy of the non-local interactions, can have a significant impact on the stability of both $d_{x^2-y^2}$- and $g$-wave pairing channels. We analyze the properties, such as Knight shift and spontaneous edge current, of the realized $d_{x^2-y^2} + ig$, $s^{\prime}+id_{xy}$ and mixed helical pairings in different parameter spaces and find that the $d_{x^2-y^2} + ig$ solution is in better agreement with the experimental data.
The Effects of BioFuels Policies on Global Commodity Trade Flows
Creators: name: Fridfinnson, Brooke
name: Rude, James
name: Fridfinnson, Brooke
name: Rude, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: biofuel
subject: commodity
subject: trade

description: In terms of the global situation, trade is biofuels is small relative to world-wide production; however, given ambitious consumption mandates in many developed countries as well as increasing energy consumption, this will not likely remain the case in the long-run. Although biodiesel has been classified as an industrial good, ethanol is currently marketed as an agricultural product, though not specifically for fuel use. The removal of trade barriers, particularly in the developed countries, would not only ease pressure on the traditional feedstocks and lower world ethanol prices, but allow countries with a comparative advantage to capitalize on the opportunity to produce low-cost biofuel. Whether the removal of these trade barriers on biofuels would affect their efficacy as a political tool remains to be seen.
Probing the QCD phase structure using event-by-event fluctuations
Creators: name: Nayak, Tapan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate the critical point, and learn about the associated critical phenomena. At the critical point, all thermodynamic quantities behave anomalously. Fluctuation measurements provide access to thermodynamic response functions. We discuss the methods for obtaining the isothermal compressibility using particle multiplicity fluctuation, and specific heat using fluctuations in mean transverse momentum, temperature, and energy. Lattice QCD calculations have predicted non-monotonic behavior in the higher-order cumulants of conserved quantities at the critical point. Fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged to neutral particles have been measured to understand the formation of domains of disoriented chiral condensates. We review the recent fluctuation results as a function of collision centrality and energy from experiments at SPS, RHIC, and LHC. In addition, we propose to map the temperature fluctuations in eta-phi plane to probe local fluctuations of temperature and energy density.
description: To appear in the proceedings of WWND 2020 conference, 12 pages, 14 figures
Stream-field interactions in the magnetic accretor AO Piscium
Creators: name: Hellier, Coel
name: van Zyl, Liza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UV spectra of the magnetic accretor AO Psc show absorption features for half the binary orbit. The absorption is unlike the wind-formed features often seen in similar stars. Instead, we attribute it to a fraction of the stream that overflows the impact with the accretion disk. Rapid velocity variations can be explained by changes in the trajectory of the stream depending on the orientation of the white-dwarf's magnetic field. Hence we are directly observing the interaction of an accretion stream with a rotating field. We compare this behavior to that seen in other intermediate polars and in SW Sex stars.
description: Accepted for ApJ; 6 pages
A Closed-Loop Perception, Decision-Making and Reasoning Mechanism for Human-Like Navigation
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenqi
name: Zhao, Kai
name: Li, Peng
name: Zhu, Xiao
name: Shen, Yongliang
name: Ma, Yanna
name: Chen, Yingfeng
name: Lu, Weiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reliable navigation systems have a wide range of applications in robotics and autonomous driving. Current approaches employ an open-loop process that converts sensor inputs directly into actions. However, these open-loop schemes are challenging to handle complex and dynamic real-world scenarios due to their poor generalization. Imitating human navigation, we add a reasoning process to convert actions back to internal latent states, forming a two-stage closed loop of perception, decision-making, and reasoning. Firstly, VAE-Enhanced Demonstration Learning endows the model with the understanding of basic navigation rules. Then, two dual processes in RL-Enhanced Interaction Learning generate reward feedback for each other and collectively enhance obstacle avoidance capability. The reasoning model can substantially promote generalization and robustness, and facilitate the deployment of the algorithm to real-world robots without elaborate transfers. Experiments show our method is more adaptable to novel scenarios compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
description: 8 pages,7 figures
Cobalt-dimer Nitrides -- a Potential Novel Family of High Temperature Superconductors
Creators: name: Gu, Yuhao
name: Jiang, Kun
name: Wu, Xianxian
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that the square lattice layer formed by [Co$_2$N$_2$]$^{2-}$ diamond-like units can host high temperature superconductivity. The layer appears in the stable ternary cobalt nitride, BaCo$_2$N$_2$. The electronic physics of the material stems from Co$_2$N$_2$ layers where the dimerized Co pairs form a square lattice. The low energy physics near Fermi energy can be described by an effective two orbital model. Without considering interlayer couplings, the two orbitals are effectively decoupled. This electronic structure satisfies the "gene" character proposed for unconventional high temperature superconductors. We predict that the leading superconducting pairing instability is driven from an extended $s$-wave (s$^\pm$) to a $d$-wave by hole doping, for example in Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$Co$_2$N$_2$. This study provides a new platform to establish the superconducting mechanism of unconventional high temperature superconductivity.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Role of Income Growth in Emerging Markets and the BRICs in Agrifood Trade
Creators: name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Emerging economies
subject: BRIC economies
subject: Food trade
subject: Income elasticities
subject: Economic growth

description: This study develops an import demand model to explore the role of income in explaining the trade performance of low, middle and high-income countries with a special emphasis on Brazil, Russia, India and China – the BRIC economies. The study estimates the impact of the growth in per capita income on the trade of agrifood products using data for 52 countries and 20 agrifood products for the years 1990 to 2006. The results suggest that China, Russia and Brazil have more income elastic import demand than other middle-income countries. Conversely, the income elasticities of import demand in India are similar to other low-income countries and for the most part statistically equal to zero.
Effect of ginseng extracts on the gene expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats
Creators: name: Yu, Chia-Ting
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius extracts of known ginsenoside composition on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) gene expression. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were administered by oral gavage Panax ginseng extract (30 or 100 mg/kg single dose), Panax quinquefolius extract (100 or 400 mg/kg once daily for 21 consecutive days), or an equivalent volume (2 ml/kg) of 0.9% NaCl (vehicle control). All the rats were terminated one day after the last dose. The administration of Panax ginseng extract or Panax quinquefolius extract did not affect: 1) body weight gain, 2) absolute or relative liver weight; 3) absolute or relative testes weight; 4) hepatic microsomal total CYP content; 5) hepatic CYP2B1, CYP3A23, CYP2C11, CYP1A2 and mEH mRNA expression, as determined by validated real-time PCR assays; 6) hepatic microsomal 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation and 7- ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation activities; or 7) hepatic CYP2C11 and mEH protein expression. However, results from the positive control experiments indicated that: 1) phenobarbital (80 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 4 consecutive days) increased hepatic CYP2B1 mRNA (47-fold), microsomal 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity (37- fold), and hepatic mEH mRNA (17-fold) and protein (2-fold); 2) dexamethasone (100 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 3 consecutive days) increased hepatic CYP3A23 mRNA (75- fold); and 3) (3-naphthoflavone (40 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 3 consecutive days) decreased hepatic CYP2C11 protein (85%) and increased hepatic CYP1A2 mRNA (20- fold) and microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity (19-fold). Therefore, the lack of an effect by the ginseng extracts on CYP and mEH expression was not due to the assay conditions. In another control experiment, the administration of albendazole (20 mg/kg once daily for 3 consecutive days) by oral gavage increased hepatic microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity by 21-fold, indicating that the lack of an effect by the ginseng extracts was not a consequence of improper technique in drug administration by oral gavage. In conclusion, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius extracts, at the dosage regimens used in the present study, did not influence hepatic CYP2B1, CYP3A23, CYP2C11, CYP1A2, or mEH gene expression in adult male rats.
Diamond detectors for radiation monitoring and beam abort at Belle II
Creators: name: Manfredi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Belle II experiment will be at the forefront of indirect searches for non-Standard-Model physics using billions of heavy quarks and $τ$ leptons produced in high-intensity 10 GeV electron-positron collisions from the SuperKEKB collider. The intense beams needed to achieve the required precisions are associated with high beam-background radiation that may damage the inner detectors. A dedicated radiation-monitoring and beam-abort system, based on artificial diamond sensors, ensures protection and safe data taking conditions. I briefly outline the system and illustrate the operational experience and performance during 2019 physics operations.
A Characterization of Topological Insulators: Chern Numbers for a Ground State Multiplet
Creators: name: Hatsugai, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use generic Chern numbers for a characterization of topological insulators. It is suitable for a numerical characterization of low dimensional quantum liquids where strong quantum fluctuations prevent from developing conventional orders. By twisting parameters of boundary conditions, the non-Abelian Chern number are defined for a few low lying states near the ground state in a finite system, which is a ground state multiplet with a possible (topological) degeneracy. We define the system as a topological insulator when energies of the multiplet are well separated from the above. Translational invariant twists up to a unitary equivalence are crutial to pick up only bulk properties without edge states. As a simple example, the setup is applied for a two-dimensional $XXZ$-spin system with an ising anisotropy where the ground state multiplet is composed of doubly almost degenerate states. It gives a vanishing Chern number due to a symmetry. Also Chern numbers for the generic fractional quantum Hall states are discussed shortly.
description: 2 figures
Coupling a Superconducting Qubit to a Left-Handed Metamaterial Resonator
Creators: name: Indrajeet, S.
name: Wang, H.
name: Hutchings, M. D.
name: Taketani, B. G.
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
name: LaHaye, M. D.
name: Plourde, B. L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metamaterial resonant structures made from arrays of superconducting lumped circuit elements can exhibit microwave mode spectra with left-handed dispersion, resulting in a high density of modes in the same frequency range where superconducting qubits are typically operated, as well as a bandgap at lower frequencies that extends down to dc. Using this novel regime for multi-mode circuit quantum electrodynamics, we have performed a series of measurements of such a superconducting metamaterial resonator coupled to a flux-tunable transmon qubit. Through microwave measurements of the metamaterial, we have observed the coupling of the qubit to each of the modes that it passes through. Using a separate readout resonator, we have probed the qubit dispersively and characterized the qubit energy relaxation as a function of frequency, which is strongly affected by the Purcell effect in the presence of the dense mode spectrum. Additionally, we have investigated the ac Stark shift of the qubit as the photon number in the various metamaterial modes is varied. The ability to tailor the dense mode spectrum through the choice of circuit parameters and manipulate the photonic state of the metamaterial through interactions with qubits makes this a promising platform for analog quantum simulation and quantum memories.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of Differences in factors influencing the use of eRehabilitation after stroke; a cross-sectional comparison between Brazilian and Dutch healthcare professionals
Creators: name: Brouns, Berber
name: Leti Van Bodegom-Vos
name: Kloet, Arend J. De
name: Vlieland, Thea P. M. Vliet
name: Gil, Ingrid L. C.
name: Souza, Lígia M. N.
name: Braga, Lucia W.
name: Jorit J. L. Meesters
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Ranking of the importance of the statements based on the median and mean, for Brazilian and Dutch healthcare professionals
On the primordial origin of the smoothing excess in the $Planck$ temperature power spectrum in light of LSS data
Creators: name: Ballardini, Mario
name: Finelli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The {\em Planck} DR3 measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) show an excess of smoothing of the acoustic peaks with respect to $Λ$CDM, often quantified by a phenomenological parameter $A_{\rm L}$. A specific feature superimposed to the primordial power spectrum has been suggested as a physical solution for this smoothing excess. Here, we investigate the impact of this specific localized oscillation with a frequency linear in the wavenumber, designed to mimic the smoothing of CMB temperature spectrum corresponding to $A_{\rm L} \simeq 1.1-1.2$ on the matter power spectrum. We verify the goodness of the predictions in perturbation theory at next-to-leading order with a set of N-body simulations, a necessary step to study the non-linear damping of these primordial oscillations. We show that for a large portion of the parameter space, the amplitude of this primordial oscillation can be strongly damped on the observed nonlinear matter power spectrum at $z=0$, but a larger signal is still persistent at $z \lesssim 2$ and is therefore a target for future galaxy surveys at high redshifts. From an analysis of the BOSS DR12 two-point correlation function, we find ${\cal A}_{\rm lin} < 0.26$ at 95\% CL by keeping the frequency fixed to the best-fit of {\em Planck} data.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures; version accepted by JCAP
Can HIPCs Use Hyper-Incentives?
Creators: name: Menzies, Gordon Douglas
name: Menzies, Gordon Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Debt overhang
subject: Debt forgiveness
subject: Hyper-incentive contract

description: Hyper-incentive contracts (Menzies 2004) can be used to pursue humanitarian goals (providing a safety net) while allowing creditors to offer innovative repayment friendly contracts to debtors (eliminating a debt overhang). Both the contract of Krugman (1988) and the hyper-incentive contract are illustrated with some calculations based on current Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). The outcomes for the two contracts are similar, but the twelve countries examined could each benefit by an average amount of $US2002100 million under a hyper-incentive contract
Superintegrability on Three-Dimensional Riemannian and Relativistic Spaces of Constant Curvature
Creators: name: Herranz, Francisco J.
name: Ballesteros, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35; 22E60; 37J15; 70H06

description: A family of classical superintegrable Hamiltonians, depending on an arbitrary radial function, which are defined on the 3D spherical, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces as well as on the (2+1)D anti-de Sitter, Minkowskian and de Sitter spacetimes is constructed. Such systems admit three integrals of the motion (besides the Hamiltonian) which are explicitly given in terms of ambient and geodesic polar coordinates. The resulting expressions cover the six spaces in a unified way as these are parametrized by two contraction parameters that govern the curvature and the signature of the metric on each space. Next two maximally superintegrable Hamiltonians are identified within the initial superintegrable family by finding the remaining constant of the motion. The former potential is the superposition of a (curved) central harmonic oscillator with other three oscillators or centrifugal barriers (depending on each specific space), so that this generalizes the Smorodinsky-Winternitz system. The latter one is a superposition of the Kepler-Coulomb potential with another two oscillators or centrifugal barriers. As a byproduct, the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector for these spaces is deduced. Furthermore both potentials are analysed in detail for each particular space. Some comments on their generalization to arbitrary dimension are also presented.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Inertial spin waves in ferromagnets and antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Mondal, Ritwik
name: Rózsa, Levente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertial effects in spin dynamics are theoretically predicted to emerge at ultrashort time scales, but their experimental signatures are often ambiguous. Here, we calculate the spin-wave spectrum in ferromagnets and two-sublattice antiferromagnets in the presence of inertial effects. It is shown how precession and nutation spin waves hybridize with each other, leading to the renormalization of the frequencies, the group velocities, the effective gyromagnetic ratios and the effective damping parameters. Possible ways of distinguishing between the signatures of inertial dynamics and similar effects explainable within conventional models are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Experimental observation and modeling of the impact of traps on static and analog/HF performance of graphene transistors
Creators: name: Pacheco-Sanchez, Anibal
name: Mavredakis, Nikolaos
name: Feijoo, Pedro C.
name: Wei, Wei
name: Pallecchi, Emiliano
name: Happy, Henri
name: Jiménez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trap-induced hysteresis on the performance of a graphene field-effect transistor is experimentally diminished here by applying consecutive gate-to-source voltage pulses of opposing polarity. This measurement scheme is a practical and suitable approach to obtain reproducible device characteristics. Trap-affected and trap-free experimental data enable a discussion regarding the impact of traps on static and dynamic device performance. An analytical drain current model calibrated with the experimental data enables the study of the traps effects on the channel potential within the device. High-frequency figures of merit and the intrinsic gain of the device obtained from both experimental and synthetic data with and without hysteresis show the importance of considering the generally overlooked impact of traps for analog and high-frequency applications.
Additional file 1 of The relationship of prenatal antibiotic exposure and infant antibiotic administration with childhood allergies: a systematic review
Creators: name: Baron, Ruth
name: Meron Taye
name: Vaart, Isolde Besseling-Van Der
name: Ujčič-Voortman, Joanne
name: Szajewska, Hania
name: Seidell, Jacob C.
name: Verhoeff, Arnoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary data_data extraction tables: This file contains tables of the data collected from the publications examining (1) the relationship between prenatal antibiotic exposure and the childhood allergies asthma and eczema (Tables S2a and S2b) and (2) the relationship between infant antibiotic administration and the childhood allergies asthma, eczema and hay fever (Tables S3a, S3b, S3c and S3d).
Direct Measurement of the HI-Halo Mass Relation through Stacking
Creators: name: Guo, Hong
name: Jones, Michael G.
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Fu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present accurate measurements of the total HI mass in dark matter halos of different masses at z ~ 0, by stacking the HI spectra of entire groups from the Arecibo Fast Legacy ALFA Survey. The halos are selected from the optical galaxy group catalog constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 Main Galaxy sample, with reliable measurements of halo mass and halo membership. We find that the HI-halo mass relation is not a simple monotonic function, as assumed in several theoretical models. In addition to the dependence of halo mass, the total HI gas mass shows strong dependence on the halo richness, with larger HI masses in groups with more members at fixed halo masses. Moreover, halos with at least three member galaxies in the group catalog have a sharp decrease of the HI mass, potentially caused by the virial halo shock-heating and the AGN feedback. The dominant contribution of the HI gas comes from the central galaxies for halos of $M<10^{12.5}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, while the satellite galaxies dominate over more massive halos. Our measurements are consistent with a three-phase formation scenario of the HI-rich galaxies. The smooth cold gas accretion is driving the HI mass growth in halos of $M<10^{11.8}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, with late-forming halos having more HI accreted. The virial halo shock-heating and AGN feedback will take effect to reduce the HI supply in halos of $10^{11.8}h^{-1}M_{\odot}
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Experimental validation of the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism on a Digital Quantum Computer
Creators: name: Higuera-Quintero, Santiago
name: Rodríguez, Ferney J.
name: Quiroga, Luis
name: Gómez-Ruiz, Fernando J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) captures the essential physics of nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions with symmetry breaking. KZM predicts a universal scaling power law for the defect density which is fully determined by the system's critical exponents at equilibrium and the quenching rate. We experimentally tested the KZM for the simplest quantum case, a single qubit under the Landau-Zener evolution, on an open access IBM quantum computer (IBM-Q). We find that for this simple one-qubit model, experimental data validates the central KZM assumption of the adiabatic-impulse approximation for a well isolated qubit. Furthermore, we report on extensive IBM-Q experiments on individual qubits embedded in different circuit environments and topologies, separately elucidating the role of crosstalk between qubits and the increasing decoherence effects associated with the quantum circuit depth on the KZM predictions. Our results strongly suggest that increasing circuit depth acts as a decoherence source, producing a rapid deviation of experimental data from theoretical unitary predictions.
description: Main text: 17 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary Material: 4 pages. Version 3: Published version
Financial Development and Economic Growth: Experiences of Selected Developing Economies
Creators: name: Ahmed, Syed
name: Horner, James
name: Rafiq, Rafiqul Bhuyan
name: Ahmed, Syed
name: Horner, James
name: Rafiq, Rafiqul Bhuyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: financial liberalization
subject: financial deepening
subject: financial development ratios
subject: economic growth
subject: per capita GDP

description: The last two decades of the twentieth century witnessed a series of financial reforms in emerging economics of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The seminal works of R.I. McKinnon and E.S. Shaw, which attribute the slow growth of these economies to financial repression, inspired many of these reforms. The McKinnon-Shaw thesis demonstrates how government regulations cause low savings and investment, and ultimately engender financial repression. Financial liberalization, in this view, creates market-based incentives and promotes economic growth. The objectives of the paper are to (1) track financial development and critically review financial liberalization measures in the emerging economies of Brazil, Mexico, and Thailand, and (2) investigate statistically the relationship between financial development and economic growth of these economies.
Capital process and optimality properties of a Bayesian Skeptic in coin-tossing games
Creators: name: Kumon, Masayuki
name: Takemura, Akimichi
name: Takeuchi, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62M20; 62C10

description: We study capital process behavior in the fair-coin game and biased-coin games in the framework of the game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We show that if Skeptic uses a Bayesian strategy with a beta prior, the capital process is lucidly expressed in terms of the past average of Reality's moves. From this it is proved that the Skeptic's Bayesian strategy weakly forces the strong law of large numbers (SLLN) with the convergence rate of O(\sqrt{\log n/n})$ and if Reality violates SLLN then the exponential growth rate of the capital process is very accurately described in terms of the Kullback divergence between the average of Reality's moves when she violates SLLN and the average when she observes SLLN. We also investigate optimality properties associated with Bayesian strategy.
Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand
Creators: name: Dhakal, Bhubaneswor
name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Dhakal, Bhubaneswor
name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
name: Cullen, Ross
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: forestry investment
subject: land use change
subject: non-industrial forests
subject: double hurdle model

description: While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land. Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at all and then secondly how much land would be planted in trees. With this approach, a double hurdle model is used to study planting decisions. Using survey data obtained from 344 landholders in four South Island districts, the results indicate that property-specific factors, such as property size, years of ownership, and ownership being part of a partnership, as well as landowner characteristics such as perceptions of tax policies being favourable for forestry, off farm income level and expectations of increasing log prices were correlated with the decision whether to establish a plantation forest. The factors determining the extent of land identified as being potentially profitable in forestry actually being used for plantation forestry include forestry tax policy, expectations of increasing log prices, regional location of a property, owner’s annual income, and area used in sheep and beef production.
A Model of Inflation for Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Cooray, Arusha
name: Cooray, Arusha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Sri Lanka
subject: Inflation
subject: price
subject: nested - non nested models
subject: cointegration
subject: error correction

description: This paper uses two models: an open economy model and a closed economy model to estimate a price equation for Sri Lanka. The results suggest greater support for the open economy model. Consistent with previous studies for Sri Lanka, supply side factors appear to be important in influencing the general price level in Sri Lanka.
Additional file 2 of The relationship of prenatal antibiotic exposure and infant antibiotic administration with childhood allergies: a systematic review
Creators: name: Baron, Ruth
name: Meron Taye
name: Vaart, Isolde Besseling-Van Der
name: Ujčič-Voortman, Joanne
name: Szajewska, Hania
name: Seidell, Jacob C.
name: Verhoeff, Arnoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary data_search strategy and process: This file has a table containing the search terms and strategy used for Embase and Pubmed to retrieve relevant publications (Table S1) and a flowchart depicting the search process (Figure S1).
A Derivation of the Fradkin-Shenker Result From Duality: Links to Spin Systems in External Magnetic Fields and Percolation Crossovers
Creators: name: Nussinov, Zohar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we illustrate how the qualitative phase diagram of a gauge theory coupled to matter can be directly proved and how rigorous numerical bounds may be established. Our work reaffirms the seminal result of Fradkin and Shenker from another vista. Our main ingredient is the combined use of the self-duality of the three dimensional Z2/Z2 theory and an extended Lee-Yang theorem. We comment on extensions of these ideas and firmly establish the existence of a sharp crossover line in the two dimensional Z2/Z2 theory.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Cost Structures, Productivities and the Distribution of Technology Benefits Among Producers for Major U.S. Field Crops
Creators: name: Cooke, Stephen C.
name: Sundquist, W. Burt
name: Cooke, Stephen C.
name: Sundquist, W. Burt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost structures and resource productivities involved in production of four major U.S. field crops and to estimate the distribution among producers of benefits from production related technology. These field crops include corn, soybeans, wheat and cotton grown in selected homogeneous soil and rainfall areas of the U.S. The cost structure of each commodity is estimated relative to a Cobb-Douglas cost function. Productivity is assessed across time, regions and size of enterprise. The distribution of technology benefits is determined by region and enterprise size for each commodity.
Well-posed first-order reduction of the characteristic problem of the linearized Einstein equations
Creators: name: Frittelli, Simonetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A choice of first-order variables for the characteristic problem of the linearized Einstein equations is found which casts the system into manifestly well-posed form. The concept of well-posedness for characteristic problems invoked is that there exists an \textit{a priori} estimate of the solution of the characteristic problem in terms of the data. The notion of manifest well-posedness consists of an algebraic criterion sufficient for the existence of the estimates, and is to characteristic problems as symmetric hyperbolicity is to Cauchy problems. Both notions have been made precise elsewere.
description: 6 pages
Improved calculations of beta decay backgrounds to new physics in liquid xenon detectors
Creators: name: Haselschwardt, Scott
name: Kostensalo, Joel
name: Mougeot, Xavier
name: Suhonen, Jouni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-precision theoretical predictions for the electron energy spectra for the ground-state to ground-state $β$ decays of $^{214}$Pb, $^{212}$Pb, and $^{85}$Kr most relevant to the background of liquid xenon dark matter detectors. The effects of nuclear structure on the spectral shapes are taken into account using large-scale shell model calculations. Final spectra also include atomic screening and exchange effects. The impact of nuclear structure effects on the $^{214}$Pb and $^{212}$Pb spectra below $\approx100$ keV, pertinent for several searches for new physics, are found to be comparatively larger than those from the atomic effects alone. We find that the full calculation for $^{214}$Pb ($^{212}$Pb) predicts 15.0-23.2% (12.1-19.0%) less event rate in a 1-15 keV energy region of interest compared to the spectrum calculated as an allowed transition when using values of the weak axial vector coupling in the range $g_{\rm A}=0.7-1.0$. The discrepancy highlights the importance of both a proper theoretical treatment and the need for direct measurements of these spectra for a thorough understanding of $β$ decay backgrounds in future experiments.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; v3 matches version in Phys. Rev. C; v2&v3 include updated Q-values, results unchanged
Ionisation rate and Stark shift of a one-dimensional model of the Hydrogen molecular ion
Creators: name: Henriques, J. C. G.
name: Pedersen, Thomas G.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the ionization rate and the Stark shift of a one-dimensional model of the H$_{2}^{+}$ ion. The finding of these two quantities is reduced to the solutions of a complex eigenvalue problem. We solve this problem both numerically and analytically. In the latter case we consider the regime of small external electrostatic fields and small internuclear distances. We find an excellent agreement between the ionization rate computed with the two approaches, even when the approximate result is pushed beyond its expected validity. The ionization rate is very sensitive to small changes of the external electrostatic field, spanning many orders of magnitude for small changes of the intensity of the external field. The dependence of the ionization on the internuclear distance is also studied, as this has a direct connection with experimental methods in molecular physics. It is shown that for large distances the ionization rate saturates, which is a direct consequence of the behavior of the energy eigenvalue with the internuclear distance. The Stark shift is computed and from it we extract the static polarizability of H$_{2}^{+}$ and compare our results with those found by other authors using more sophisticated methods.
description: 14 pages
Star Formation Properties of a Large Sample of Irregular Galaxies
Creators: name: Hunter, Deidre A.
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of Halpha imaging of 94 irregular galaxies, including types Im, BCD, and Sm. The sample spans a large range in galactic parameters including integrated absolute magnitude (MV=-9 to -19), average surface brightness (20 to 27 mag/arcsec2), current star formation activity (0 to 1.3 Msun/yr/kpc2), and relative gas content (0.02 to 5 Msun/LB). The Halpha images were used to measure integrated star formation rates and extents of star formation and to compare azimuthally-averaged radial profiles of current star formation to older starlight. The integrated star formation rates of Im galaxies normalized to the physical size of the galaxy span a range of a factor of 10^4 with 10% Im galaxies and one Sm system having no measurable star formation at the present time. The BCDs fall at the high end of the range of rates. We find no correlation between star formation activity and proximity to other catalogued galaxies. The cases with strong gradients in the L(Halpha)/LV ratios and with high central star formation rate densities, which include most of the BCDs, require a significant fraction of their gas to have migrated to the center in the last Gyr. We discuss possible torques that could have caused this without leaving an obvious signature, including dark matter bars and past interactions or mergers with small galaxies or HI clouds. There is now substantial evidence for these processes among many surveys of BCDs. The star formation process itself does not appear to differ much among BCD, Im and Sm types. There is evidence in the distribution function for Halpha surface brightness, which is always approximately log-normal, that the turbulent Mach numbers are about the same in these systems.
description: 82 pages, 21 figures, accepted by Astronomical Journal, Vol. 128, November 2004
Noise In Nonohmic Regimes Of Disordered Systems
Creators: name: Bardhan, K. K.
name: Mukherjee, C. D.
name: Nandi, U. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a short review of mainly experimental properties of noise as disordered systems are driven into non-ohmic regimes by applying voltages of few volts only. It is found that the noise does not simply follow the resistance in that the direction of change of noise could be opposite to that of resistance. It is discussed how this and other properties make the noise a complementary and incisive tool for studying complex systems, particularly its dynamic properties. Study of noise in non-ohmic regimes in physical systems is rather in a nascent stage. Some of the open issues are highlighted.
description: 9 Pages, 7 figures. Reported in Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations: UPoN 2005, Gallipoli, Italy, June 6-10, 2005