cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Eliciting Information on Uncertainty from Heterogeneous Expert Panels: Attributing U.S. Foodborne Pathogen Illness to Food Consumption
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Fischbeck, Paul S.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: McWilliams, Michael
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Fischbeck, Paul S.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: McWilliams, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: expert elicitation
subject: risk analysis
subject: food attribution
subject: foodborne pathogen

description: Decision analysts are frequently called on to help inform decision-makers in situations where there is considerable uncertainty. In such situations, expert elicitation of parameter values is frequently used to supplement more conventional research. This paper develops a formal protocol for expert elicitation with large, heterogeneous expert panels. We use formal survey methods to take advantage of variation in individual expert uncertainty and heterogeneity among experts as a means of quantifying and comparing sources of uncertainty about parameters of interest. We illustrate use of this protocol with an expert elicitation on the distribution of U.S. foodborne illness from each of 11 major foodborne pathogens to the consumption of one of 11 categories of food. Results show how multiple measures of uncertainty, made feasible by use of a large panel of experts, can help identify which of several types of risk management actions may be most appropriate.
All $\mathcal{N}=(8,0)$ AdS$_3$ solutions in 10 and 11 dimensions
Creators: name: Legramandi, Andrea
name: Monaco, Gabriele Lo
name: Macpherson, Niall T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify AdS$_3$ solutions preserving $\mathcal{N}=(8,0)$ supersymmetry in ten and eleven dimensions and find the local form of each of them. These include the AdS$_3\times$S$^6$ solution of \cite{Dibitetto:2018ftj} and the embeddings of AdS$_3$ into AdS$_4\times$S$^7$, AdS$_5\times$S$^5$, AdS$_7/\mathbb{Z}_k\times$S$^4$ and its IIA reduction within AdS$_7$. More interestingly we find solutions preserving the superconformal algebras $\mathfrak{f}_4$, $\mathfrak{su}(1,1|4)$, $\mathfrak{osp}(4^*|4)$ on certain squashings of the 7-sphere. These solutions asymptote to AdS$_4\times$S$^7$ and are promising candidates for holographic duals to defects in Chern-Simons matter theories.
description: 43 pages + appendices. v2: published version
Assessment of Off-the-Shelf SE-specific Sentiment Analysis Tools: An Extended Replication Study
Creators: name: Novielli, Nicole
name: Calefato, Fabio
name: Lanubile, Filippo
name: Serebrenik, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sentiment analysis methods have become popular for investigating human communication, including discussions related to software projects. Since general-purpose sentiment analysis tools do not fit well with the information exchanged by software developers, new tools, specific for software engineering (SE), have been developed. We investigate to what extent SE-specific tools for sentiment analysis mitigate the threats to conclusion validity of empirical studies in software engineering, highlighted by previous research. First, we replicate two studies addressing the role of sentiment in security discussions on GitHub and in question-writing on Stack Overflow. Then, we extend the previous studies by assessing to what extent the tools agree with each other and with the manual annotation on a gold standard of 600 documents. We find that different SE-specific sentiment analysis tools might lead to contradictory results at a fine-grain level, when used 'off-the-shelf'. Conversely, platform-specific tuning or retraining might be needed to take into account differences in platform conventions, jargon, or document lengths.
description: Accepted for publication in Empirical Software Engineering
Population synthesis of ultraluminous X-ray sources with magnetised neutron stars
Creators: name: Kuranov, A. K.
name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Yungelson, L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of population of ultraluminous X-ray sources with magnetised neutron stars (NULX) in a spiral galaxy with the star formation history similar to that in the thin disc of Milky Way is computed using a hybrid approach. First, applying analytical approximations (code BSE) we construct the ensemble of close binaries (CBS) which can be potential precursors of NULX. Next, evolution with accretion onto magnetised neutron stars (NS) is computed by the evolutionary code MESA. Accretion rate onto NS and X-ray luminosity are calculated for the models of sub- and supercritical discs and for the discs with advection. During accretion onto magnetised NS, super-Eddington luminosity $L_\mathrm{X}>10^{38}$ erg~s$^{-1}$ is attained already at the subcritical stage, when the energy release at the inner boundary of the disc defined by the NS magnetosphere is sub-Eddington. It is shown that standard evolution of CBS with an account of the peculiarities specific for accretion onto magnetised NS allows us to explain quantitatively observed characteristics of NULX (X-ray luminosities, NS spin periods, orbital periods and masses of visual components) without additional model assumptions on the collimation of X-ray emission from NS with high observed super-Eddington luminosity. In a model galaxy with star formation rate 3--5 $M_\odot {\rm yr^{-1}}$ there can exist several NULX. Discovery of a powerful wind from NULX with $L_{\mathrm X} \sim 10^{41}$ erg~s$^{-1}$ would be a signature of super-Eddington accretion onto magnetised NS.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures. Published in Astronomy Letters, v. 46, Issue 10, pp. 658-676, 2020 (doi:10.1134/S1063773720100084)
Light Field View Synthesis via Aperture Disparity and Warping Confidence Map
Creators: name: Meng, Nan
name: Li, Kai
name: Liu, Jianzhuang
name: Lam, Edmund Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a learning-based approach to synthesize the view from an arbitrary camera position given a sparse set of images. A key challenge for this novel view synthesis arises from the reconstruction process, when the views from different input images may not be consistent due to obstruction in the light path. We overcome this by jointly modeling the epipolar property and occlusion in designing a convolutional neural network. We start by defining and computing the aperture disparity map, which approximates the parallax and measures the pixel-wise shift between two views. While this relates to free-space rendering and can fail near the object boundaries, we further develop a warping confidence map to address pixel occlusion in these challenging regions. The proposed method is evaluated on diverse real-world and synthetic light field scenes, and it shows better performance over several state-of-the-art techniques.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
The Market-based Lead Phasedown
Creators: name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Rogers, Kristian
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Rogers, Kristian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: lead phasedown
subject: gasoline
subject: tradable permit
subject: market-based policy
subject: technology adoption

description: The U.S. lead phasedown was effective in meeting its environmental objectives, and did so more quickly with the allowance of permit banking. The marketable lead permit system was highly costeffective, saving hundreds of millions of dollars relative to comparable policies not allowing trading or banking. Estimates suggest that transaction costs brought about only a modest reduction in program efficiency. The market-based nature of the program also provided incentives for more efficient adoption of new lead-removing technology, relative to a uniform standard. Distributionally, it is likely that the program was actually more responsive to the cost concerns of small refiners than a similar uniform standard would have been. The flexibility of the program likely increased the amount of violations, however, and added an unexpected monitoring and enforcement burden. On the other hand, one of the efficiency advantages of the incentive-based program is that it provided opportunities for unanticipated means of cost-effective compliance.
The galaxy luminosity function and its evolution with Chandra
Creators: name: Tzanavaris, P.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AIMS: We have compiled one of the largest normal-galaxy samples ever to probe X-ray luminosity function evolution separately for early and late-type systems. METHODS: We selected 207 normal galaxies up to redshift z~1.4, with data from four major Chandra X-ray surveys, namely the Chandra deep fields (north, south and extended) and XBootes, and a combination of X-ray and optical criteria. We used template spectral energy-distribution fitting to obtain separate early- and late-type sub-samples, made up of 101 and 106 systems, respectively. For the full sample, as well as the two sub-samples, we obtained luminosity functions using both a non-parametric and a parametric, maximum-likelihood method. RESULTS: For the full sample, the non-parametric method strongly suggests luminosity evolution with redshift. The maximum-likelihood estimate shows that this evolution follows ~(1+z)^k_total, k_total=2.2+-0.3. For the late-type sub-sample, we obtained k_late=2.4^+1.0_-2.0. We detected no significant evolution in the early-type sub-sample. The distributions of early and late-type systems with redshift show that late types dominate at z>~0.5 and hence drive the observed evolution for the total sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support previous results in X-ray and other wavebands, which suggests luminosity evolution with k=2-3.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Earth Science Remote Sensing Data: Contributions to Natural Resources Policymaking
Creators: name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: Vukovich, Fred M.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: Vukovich, Fred M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Natural resources
subject: climate change
subject: space
subject: data

description: This paper traces the evolution of space-derived remote sensing data and data products from their initial dissemination to their impact on public policy related to climate change. We focus on the examples of renewable energy, public health, and ecosystem assessment. Our approach differs from previous studies that have characterized the value of data in terms of the fundamental scientific phenomena they describe. In our research we have sought to identify contributions of space-derived earth science in "making a difference" beyond scientific understanding, thereby providing at least a partial answer to questions about the utility of research posed by Congress, the Office of Management and Budget, managers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other decision-makers.
A cylindrical reformulation of Heegaard Floer homology
Creators: name: Lipshitz, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17, 57M27, 57R58

description: We reformulate Heegaard Floer homology in terms of holomorphic curves in the cylindrical manifold Sigma x [0,1] x R, where Sigma is the Heegaard surface, instead of Sym^g(Sigma). We then show that the entire invariance proof can be carried out in our setting. In the process, we derive a new formula for the index of the dbar-operator in Heegaard Floer homology, and shorten several proofs. After proving invariance, we show that our construction is equivalent to the original construction of Ozsvath-Szabo. We conclude with a discussion of elaborations of Heegaard Floer homology suggested by our construction, as well as a brief discussion of the relation with a program of C Taubes.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 9 August 2006
Rethinking Scientific Management
Creators: name: Nelson, Robert H.
name: Nelson, Robert H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: scientific management
subject: progressive era
subject: forests
subject: Forest Service

description: The U.S. Forest Service was founded early in the twentieth century with the progressive mission to achieve the scientific management of the forests of the United States. Scientific management was in part a political theory, holding out a model by which social values and technical considerations should function separately in the political process. However, since the 1970s the autonomy of Forest Service professionals to manage the national forests has been undermined by judicial decisions, White House and other executive branch oversight, and routine Congressional interference. Ecological management is a new attempt in the 1990s to revive scientific management but it is not likely to be any more successful than previous efforts. Instead, a new governing paradigm is needed for the national forests. This new vision is likely to involve a turn towards greater decentralization of governing responsibility than is prescribed by the scientific management model.
Converting coherence based on positive-operator-valued measures into entanglement
Creators: name: Kim, Sunho
name: Xiong, Chunhe
name: Kumar, Asutosh
name: Wu, Junde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum resource theories provide a diverse and powerful framework for extensively studying the phenomena in quantum physics. Quantum coherence, a quantum resource, is the basic ingredient in many quantum information tasks. It is a subject of broad and current interest in quantum information, and many new concepts have been introduced and generalized since its establishment. Here we show that the block coherence can be transformed into entanglement via a block incoherent operation. Moreover, we find that the POVM-based coherence associated with block coherence through the Naimark extension acts as a potential resource from the perspective of generating entanglement. Finally, we discuss avenues of creating entanglement from POVM-based coherence, present strategies that require embedding channels and auxiliary systems, give some examples, and generalize them.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, title changed, close to published version
title: Assessing Disaster Management Governance for Flood Mitigation in Indian Cities: Lessons From Poor Governance and Recommendations for Effective Risk Reduction
Creators: name: Kuntamukkula, Harshitha
name: Thottempudi, Kamal Kethani
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2023

description: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz, 15, 335-348
Weak antilocalization of ultrarelativistic fermions
Creators: name: Bliokh, K. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper discusses the Berry phase influence on the weak localization phenomenon at the adiabatic backscattering of ultrarelativistic particles in a random medium. We demonstrate that bosons that pass along a certain closed path in opposite directions come back always in phase (an example: the backscattering enhancement of electromagnetic waves), whereas fermions come exactly in antiphase. This produces a "complete weak antilocalization" of ultrarelativistic fermions: the backscattering field intensity vanishes.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physics Letters A
Configuration Interaction calculations of positron binding to Be(3Po)
Creators: name: Bromley, M. W. J.
name: Mitroy, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Configuration Interaction method is applied to investigate the possibility of positron binding to the metastable beryllium (1s^22s2p 3Po) state. The largest calculation obtained an estimated energy that was unstable by 0.00014 Hartree with respect to the Ps + Be^+(2s) lowest dissociation channel. It is likely that positron binding to parent states with non-zero angular momentum is inhibited by centrifugal barriers.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, Elsevier tex format, In press Nucl.Instrum.Meth.Phys.Res.B positron issue
The Proper Motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud using HST
Creators: name: Kallivayalil, Nitya
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Alcock, Charles
name: Axelrod, Tim
name: Cook, Kem H.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Geha, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the systemic proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) from astrometry with the High Resolution Camera (HRC) of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We observed LMC fields centered on 21 background QSOs that were discovered from their optical variability in the MACHO database. The QSOs are distributed homogeneously behind the central few degrees of the LMC. With 2 epochs of HRC data and a ~2 year baseline we determine the proper motion of the LMC to better than 5% accuracy: mu_W = -2.03 +/- 0.08 mas/yr; mu_N = 0.44 +/- 0.05 mas/yr. This is the most accurate proper motion measurement for any Milky Way satellite thus far. When combined with HI data from the Magellanic Stream this should provide new constraints on both the mass distribution of the Galactic Halo and models of the Stream.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ
Study of the relationship between the gamma ray bursts and their host galaxies
Creators: name: Nuza, S. E.
name: Tissera, P. B.
name: Pellizza, L. J.
name: Lambas, D. G.
name: Scannapieco, C.
name: De Rossi, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) belong to the most energetic events in the Universe. Recently, the extragalactic nature of these sources has been confirmed with the discovery of several host galaxies (HGs) and the measurement of their redshifts. To explain the origin of GRBs various models have been proposed, among which the coalescence of compact objects and the "collapsar" scenarios are the most representative, being the collapsar model one of the most accepted to explain the long duration GRBs. A natural consequence of this model is that the GRBs would trace the star formation rate (SFR) of their HGs. In this contributed paper we present preliminary results of the development of a Montecarlo-based code for collapsar event formation which is coupled to chemical-cosmological simulations aiming at studying the properties of HGs in a hierarchical scenario.
description: Minor changes after referee report. To appear in the 48th Bulletin of the Argentine Astronomical Society (BAAA 48, 2005). 4 pages, baaa-eng.sty
Observation of Blackbody Radiation Enhanced Superradiance in ultracold Rydberg Gases
Creators: name: Hao, Liping
name: Bai, Zhengyang
name: Bai, Jingxu
name: Bai, Suying
name: Jiao, Yuechun
name: Huang, Guoxiang
name: Zhao, Jianming
name: Li, Weibin
name: Jia, Suotang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ensemble of excited atoms can synchronize emission of light collectively in a process known as superradiance when its characteristic size is smaller than the wavelength of emitted photons. The underlying superradiance depends strongly on electromagnetic (photon) fields surrounding the atomic ensemble. High mode densities of microwave photons from $300\,$K blackbody radiation (BBR) significantly enhance decay rates of Rydberg states to neighbouring states, enabling superradiance that is not possible with bare vacuum induced spontaneous decay. Here we report observations of the superradiance of ultracold Rydberg atoms embedded in a bath of room-temperature photons. The temporal evolution of the Rydberg $|nD\rangle$ to $|(n+1)P\rangle$ superradiant decay of Cs atoms ($n$ the principal quantum number) is measured directly in free space. Theoretical simulations confirm the BBR enhanced superradiance in large Rydberg ensembles. We demonstrate that the van der Waals interactions between Rydberg atoms change the superradiant dynamics and modify the scaling of the superradiance. In the presence of static electric fields, we find that the superradiance becomes slow, potentially due to many-body interaction induced dephasing. Our study provides insights into many-body dynamics of interacting atoms coupled to thermal BBR, and might open a route to the design of blackbody thermometry at microwave frequencies via collective, dissipative photon-atom interactions.
Nonreciprocality of a micromachine driven by a catalytic chemical reaction
Creators: name: Yasuda, Kento
name: Komura, Shigeyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model that describes cyclic state transitions of a micromachine driven by a catalytic chemical reaction. We consider a mechano-chemical coupling of variables representing the degree of a chemical reaction and the internal state of a micromachine. The total free energy consists of a tilted periodic potential and a mechano-chemical coupling energy. We assume that the reaction variable obeys a deterministic stepwise dynamics characterized by two typical time scales, i.e., the mean first passage time and the mean first transition path time. To estimate the functionality of a micromachine, we focus on the quantity called "nonreciprocality" and further discuss its dependence on the properties of catalytic reaction. For example, we show that the nonreciprocality is proportional to the square of the mean first transition path time. The explicit calculation of the two time scales within the decoupling approximation model reveals that the nonreciprocality is inversely proportional to the square of the energy barrier of catalytic reaction.
title: Berge kennen keine Grenzen. Schweizerische Berggebietspolitik in Kontext der Europäischen Integration um 1990
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Romed
Publisher: name: Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz (Dodis)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: Saggi di Dodis 4 (2022/2)
description: Die 1991 ausgehandelte Alpenkonvention wird oft als «Papiertiger» bezeichnet. Anhand der politischen Prozesse rund um die Erarbeitung und Implementierung des internationalen Vertragswerks zum Schutz der Alpen in der Schweiz beleuchtet der Artikel die Hintergründe, weshalb der Alpenkonvention eine Wirkung abgesprochen wird. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei der Austausch zwischen Forschenden und Vertretenden von Verwaltung und Behörden sowie deren unterschiedliche Erwartungen an das Dokument. Genauer beleuchtet wird die Stellung der Alpenkonvention im Umfeld der schweizerischen Berggebietspolitik und daran anknüpfend auch die Wirkungskraft der politischen Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Bergkantone. Der Artikel ermöglicht dadurch ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammenarbeit von Bund und Kantonen an der Schnittstelle von Regional-, Umwelt- und Aussenpolitik.
description: The Alpine Convention, which was adopted in 1991, is often referred to as a «paper tiger». Based on the political processes surrounding the drafting and implementation of the international treaty for the protection of the Alps in Switzerland, the article sheds light on the reasons why the Alpine Convention is denied any impact. An important role is played by the dialogue between researchers and representatives of the administration and authorities, as well as their differing expectations of the document. The position of the Alpine Convention in the context of Swiss mountain region policy is examined in more detail, as is the effectiveness of the political representatives of the mountain cantons. The article thus enables a better understanding of the co-operation between the Confederation and the cantons at the interface of regional, environmental and foreign policy.
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI MEHNAT BOZORI HOLATI VA KAMBAG'ALLIK DARAJASI TAHLILI
Creators: name: Shadiyeva Shoxida Mirsalim qizi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi mehnat bozori holati va kambag‘allik darajasi tahlil qilingan. Unda aholi kambag‘alligini kamaytirish muammolari xorijiy va mahalliy olimlarimizning ilmiy izlanishlari keng o‘rganilgan. Respublikamizda mehnat bozorining asosiy ko‘rsatkichlari, hududlar bo‘yicha kambag‘allik darajasini baholash natijalari va kambag‘allik darajasi tahlil qilingan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi mehnat bozori holati va kambag‘allik darajasini kamaytirish masalalari bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
Temperature fluctuations in HII regions: ionization by Cosmic Rays as a key mechanism
Creators: name: Giammanco, C.
name: Beckman, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed model capable of explaining quantitatively the temperature fluctuations observed in luminous, large HII regions. The model is based on two assumptions which we justify on the basis of observations: that the major fraction of the hydrogen in the clouds that form the HII regions is not photoionized and is essentially HI, this HII is lightly ionized by fluxes of low energy cosmic rays (CR) produced by processes originating in the hot stars which illuminate the regions.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication by A&A letters
Cashew Chain Value in Guiné-Bissau: Challenges and Contributions for Food Security: A Case Study for Guiné-Bissau
Creators: name: De Carvalho, Bernardo Reynolds Pacheco
name: Mendes, Henrique
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2016
Subjects: Guiné-Bissau; Cashew Agro-business Chain; Food security; Sustainable Development

description: Guiné-Bissau is a recent example of political stabilization after a recent period of instability, where the international community can play an important role in cooperation and development, but with innovation and new effective policies. Food security is certainly one of the big issues to be addressed and cashew production and respective chain value one of the main opportunities to improve the quality of life for many families. Guinea-Bissau can be considered one of the most fragile countries in Sub-Sahara Africa, but at the same time with significant economic potential. Poverty alleviation is very much dependent from agricultural activities and agribusiness will be always at the core of the most possible solutions. Within those possible solutions the contribution of the cashew sector is crucial, which has been playing already a key role in the economy and in the family survival equation. More than 80% of the families depend from agricultural activities and most of them are linked to the production of cashew. This crop represents more than 90% of exports, and at the same time is responsible for income alleviation resources at local family base. However Cashew expansion is a very recent phenomena, with about 20 years of success, beyond all political “turmoil.” Today the country is the second biggest in Africa, after Ivory Coast, and the fourth worldwide (also after India and Vietnam). Exports were around 20 thousand tons in 1990 and close to 200 thousand tons in the last year’s production. But the most important factors to be considered in a cash crop business is also a very “unique” structure of production, mostly family based and where the average dimension of production per family is dominantly between 1 to 2 hectares. Very much related to those structural characteristics, which vary by region, is the role of this crop in the food security dimension of the families, which is calculated to represent in average 4,8 months of income needs for food per year. The research addresses the Cashew chain value in Guiné-Bissau, added value possibilities with transformation, better markets, improved institutional environment and other alternatives aiming to promote the global value creation but also the dynamics of the food system, able to promote the family welfare and a sustainable development process.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 7, No 1 (2016): Actual issue under development
A Generalised Concept of Dominance in Linear Programming Models
Creators: name: Drynan, Ross G.
name: Drynan, Ross G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The notion of dominance most familiar to agricultural economists is perhaps the decision theoretic concept entailed in comparing one risky prospect to others. But dominance concepts are also relevant in the linear programming context, for example in identifying redundant constraints. In this note, the standard concept of dominance in linear programming is generalized by defining dominance with respect to differing levels of information about the programming problem.
Value Chain Governance and Governmentality of Horticultural Exporters by Developing Economies: A perspective of Kenya’s Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Export Sector
Creators: name: Gachukia, Martin Kang'ethe W.
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2016
Subjects: Value Chain Governance; Governmentality; Horticulture; Private Standards and Legality

description: The domain of governance has largely been extolled by Nations, States or governmental and intergovernmental actors especially in upholding Nations’ sovereignty and values. While this still holds, governance complexity has been reinforced by establishment of global value chains such as in food and agriculture commodities increasingly being influenced and controlled by non-state actors in different parts of the world by both corporate and retail actors through private governance mechanisms. These mechanisms often fall short of universal standards and the resultant effect is ramified through proliferation of standards that result to state of governance that is constantly being redefined as ‘codes of colours’. This paper thus seeks for an alternate dimension based on Foucault’s governmentality theory. The quest for this overarching theory is based on its mediatory role that regulates the excesses of private interests in regulations while not prioritizing any state’s sovereignty but views governance inclusively to both the State and non-state actors; this view promotes the broader understating of global value chains in the global economy of the 21st century. The paper’s methodology is based on literature review pertinent to governance theory, value chain governance, governmentality as its key variables in light of the agrifood sector. It applies the value chain discourse and governmentatity in light of the Kenya’s Horticultural export and strategic positioning to the EU market. This paper’s novelty in light of the discourse and building on the body of knowledge and for the plausible ways and means to re-articulate value chain governance in the global economy while creating a viable alternative between the States, and Non-State actors for the benefit of both the upstream agents and downstream customers.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 7, No 1 (2016): Actual issue under development
Fault-tolerant quantum repeaters with minimal physical resources, and implementations based on single photon emitters
Creators: name: Childress, L. I.
name: Taylor, J. M.
name: Sorensen, A. S.
name: Lukin, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a novel method that uses fixed, minimal physical resources to achieve generation and nested purification of quantum entanglement for quantum communication over arbitrarily long distances, and discuss its implementation using realistic photon emitters and photonic channels. In this method, we use single photon emitters with two internal degrees of freedom formed by an electron spin and a nuclear spin to build intermediate nodes in a quantum channel. State-selective fluorescence is used for probabilistic entanglement generation between electron spins in adjacent nodes. We analyze in detail several approaches which are applicable to realistic, homogeneously broadened single photon emitters. Furthermore, the coupled electron and nuclear spins can be used to efficiently implement entanglement swapping and purification. We show that these techniques can be combined to generate high-fidelity entanglement over arbitrarily long distances. We present a specific protocol that functions in polynomial time and tolerates percent-level errors in entanglement fidelity and local operations. The scheme has the lowest requirements on physical resources of any current scheme for fully fault-tolerant quantum repeaters.
Competitiveness in Australian Agriculture: A Review
Creators: name: Hopkins, S.
name: Lewis, Philip E.T.
name: Hopkins, S.
name: Lewis, Philip E.T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The concept of competitiveness develops and amplifies the older concept of comparative advantage. It is based on factors which influence domestic prices of inputs and outputs as compared with foreign competitor's prices of the same inputs and outputs. Usually national statistics of the ratio of domestic and foreign prices (adjusted by the exchange rate) are compared in the form of the real rate of exchange. The factors concerned are changes in internal and external inflation rates, changes in exchange rates, changes in productivity, changes in microeconomic efficiency, and changes in protection. In recent years the real rate of exchange for Australian agriculture has varied considerably as internal prices and costs have fluctuated about international trends. Since 1990, there has been a period of slow improvement in the real rate of exchange as the relative Australian rate of inflation has slowed down. The factors affecting competitiveness are discussed in this article.
The Implications of the Resource Management Act to Property Rights in Agriculture Land Use in New Zealand
Creators: name: Gan, Christopher E.C.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Gan, Christopher E.C.
name: Cullen, Ross
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The Resource Management Act 1991 sets new standards for environmental regulations in New Zealand. The emphasis of the legislation is on property rights and market solutions. This paper is concerned with the limits to market solutions in the presence of externalities and potentially high transaction costs.
Low-Level Nuclear Activity in Nearby Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Ghosh, Himel
name: Mathur, Smita
name: Fiore, Fabrizio
name: Ferrarese, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are conducting a search for supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses below 10^7 M_sun by looking for signs of extremely low-level nuclear activity in nearby galaxies that are not known to be AGNs. Our survey has the following characteristics: (a) X-ray selection using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, since x-rays are a ubiquitous feature of AGNs; (b) Emphasis on late-type spiral and dwarf galaxies, as the galaxies most likely to have low-mass SMBHs; (c) Use of multiwavelength data to verify the source is an AGN; and (d) Use of the highest angular resolution available for observations in x-rays and other bands, to separate nuclear from off-nuclear sources and to minimize contamination by host galaxy light. Here we show the feasibility of this technique to find AGNs by applying it to six nearby, face-on spiral galaxies (NGC 3169, NGC 3184, NGC 4102, NGC 4647, NGC 4713, NGC 5457) for which data already exist in the Chandra archive. All six show nuclear x-ray sources. The data as they exist at present are ambiguous regarding the nature of the nuclear x-ray sources in NGC 4713 and NGC 4647. We conclude, in accord with previous studies, that NGC 3169 and NGC 4102 are almost certainly AGNs. Most interestingly, a strong argument can be made that NGC 3184 and NGC 5457, both of type Scd, host AGNs.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, ApJ, in press. Replaced with accepted version
Elicitation session
Creators: name: Otaegui, Alfonso
name: Skilton, Amalia Horan
name: Zapana Almanza, Hector
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: Aymara language

description: Spatial suffixes and motion (AO); uvular lowering across morpheme boundaries and interactions of uvular lowering and stress (AS)
Planning and Sustainable Management: A Re-Examination of the Peri-Urban Problem
Creators: name: Clough, Peter
name: Clough, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper examines the economics of urban expansion onto rural land in light of the sustainable management requirements of New Zealand's Resource Management Act. It finds that if conversion of land from rural to urban uses is practically irreversible because of the high cost of restoring rural qualities, it creates a user cost or inter-temporal externality which planning controls could address. Comparison of the methods for implementing such a policy show tradable development rights have high efficiency, but there are legal, practical and political obstacles to their use. A form of zoning which differentiates the controls between areas on the basis of the effects of particular activities in those areas may be the best practicable option, albeit at some loss of allocative efficiency.
Asymptotic Description of Schematic Models for CKN
Creators: name: Sperl, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fits of 0.4 Ca(NO_3)_2 0.6 K(NO_3) (CKN) by schematic mode-coupling models [V. Krakoviack and C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2161-2171 (2002)] are analyzed by asymptotic expansions. The validity of both the power-law and the Cole-Cole-peak solutions for the critical spectrum are investigated. It is found that the critical spectrum derived from the fits is described by both expansions equally well when both expansions are carried out up to next-to-leading order. The expansions up to this order describe the data for 373K over two orders of magnitude in frequency. In this regime an effective power law omega^a can be identified where the observed exponent $a$ is smaller than its calculated value by about 15%; this finding can be explained by corrections to the leading-order terms in the asymptotic expansions. For higher temperatures, even smaller effective exponents are caused by a crossover to the alpha-peak spectrum.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to the proceedings for the '5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems', July 7th to July 13th 2005, Lille, France
Changes in Canadian Agricultural Marketing and Trade Policy: The Impacts of New Trade Rules and New Institutions
Creators: name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) and the subsequent North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have contributed to increasing concentration of agricultural trade between the United States and Canada. This has heightened bilateral trade tensions and trade conflicts for numbers of Canadian farm products. These conflicts, and the need to accommodate domestic marketing policies to the obligations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO), have encouraged changes in Canadian agricultural marketing policies. Pressures to reduce government expenditures have also provided a compelling reinforcing impetus to changes in numbers of Canada's agricultural marketing programs. However, despite some changes in the ways that the programs for the Canadian supply-managed farm products are organized and administered, there has been no reduction in the levels of policy-induced support provided to this group of producers. Indeed, adjustments in marketing and trade policy for dairy, poultry and eggs have increased the levels of protection for these sectors. High levels of protection for supply-managed farm products reflect the strong influences of regional political pressures in Canada; this is an influence that is expected to continue in the future. In contrast to the supply-managed dairy and poultry sectors, major changes have been made in marketing programs for the export-oriented Canadian grains and red meats sectors in response to trade and budgetary pressures. These have involved the removal of longstanding rail freight subsidies for grains and the phasing down or termination of several stabilization and safety net programs.
Dark sector production and baryogenesis from not quite black holes
Creators: name: Aydemir, Ufuk
name: Ren, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes have been considered as an attractive dark matter candidate, whereas some of the predictions heavily rely on the near-horizon physics that remains to be tested experimentally. As a concrete alternative, thermal 2-2-holes closely resemble black holes without event horizons. Being a probable endpoint of gravitational collapse, they not only provide a resolution to the information loss problem, but also naturally give rise to stable remnants. Previously, we have considered primordial 2-2-hole remnants as dark matter. Due to the strong constraints from a novel phenomenon associated with remnant mergers, only small remnants with close to the Planck mass can constitute all of dark matter. In this paper, we examine the scenario that the majority of dark matter consists of particles produced by the evaporation of primordial 2-2-holes, whereas the remnant contribution is secondary. The products with light enough mass may contribute to the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe, which we also calculate. Moreover, 2-2-hole evaporation can produce particles that are responsible for the baryon asymmetry. We find that baryogenesis through direct B-violating decays or through leptogenesis can both be realized. Overall, the viable parameter space for the Planck remnant case is similar to primordial black holes with Planck remnants. Heavier remnants, on the other hand, lead to different predictions, and the viable parameter space remains large even when the remnant abundance is small.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures; more added for discussion, matches version to be published in CPC
New Zealand Agricultural Policy Review: 1994-1996 II: Agricultural Marketing Reform
Creators: name: Bolger, D.
name: Lincoln, R.
name: Narayan, P.
name: Rowe, I.
name: Bolger, D.
name: Lincoln, R.
name: Narayan, P.
name: Rowe, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Most of New Zealand's agricultural and horticultural exports are controlled or influenced in some way by producer boards or licensing authorities. These organisations are creatures of statute, and several of these statutes have been under review in recent years. The reform seeks to take into account the current deregulatory framework in New Zealand and further disengagement of Government. This paper outlines the current and proposed roles and functions of the boards and changes to the legislation that regulates their activities.
The politics of Buddhist organizations in Taiwan, 1989-1997
Creators: name: Laliberte, Andre
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation looks at the political behavior of three Taiwanese Buddhist organizations since 1989: the Buddhist Association of the Republic of China (BAROC), the Buddha Light Mountain monastic order (or Foguangshan) and the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Association (or Ciji). It concentrates on trying to understand the rationale behind the different strategies that each of them has adopted in its interaction with the government. The BAROC has adopted a strategy of lobbying in an attempt to remedy the steady decline of its status throughout the 1990s: it has tried to sway the government to adopt a law that would restore the authority over Buddhists the association held before 1989. Foguangshan has resorted to a strategy of remonstrance to advance its religious ideals between 1995 and 1997: its founder Xingyun supported the bid of his lay disciple Chen Lii'an for the presidency of the Republic of China (ROC) and launched large public demonstrations critical of the government that followed that election. During the same period of time, Ciji has steered away from the controversies over the law on religion and conspicuously avoided supporting Chen, while continuing to grow to become the largest organization of its kind in Taiwan. The theological views of the three organizations' leaders are examined as key factors explaining the rationale behind the political strategies these organizations have adopted. Other factors such as availability of material resources, lay support, congruence between leaders and their followers on the dimension of ethnicity and gender are explored as possible sources of constraints on the leaders.
Economic Prospects for Freshwater Crayfish (Yabby) in Western Australia
Creators: name: Tull, Malcolm
name: Tull, Malcolm
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Since the 1980s Western Australia has developed a significant commercial aquaculture industry, catering both to domestic and overseas markets. However, the limited scale of output, especially in the yabby industry, has been a major constraint on further expansion of sales. Currently, the industry is based on the cultivation of freshwater crayfish (yabby) in existing farm dams. There are about 100,000 farm dams in Western Australia but only about 6,000 are currently used for commercial yabby production. Thus one way to boost output is simply to persuade more farmers to utilise them for commercial yabby production. However, farm dams produce low yields and it is also necessary to investigate the potential for more intensive farming with purpose built dams. This paper examines the economic feasibility of yabby aquaculture using the internal rate of return. The main findings are that intensive farming is non-viable but semi-intensive farming and farming of existing dams is viable, although the former is only marginally so.