cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Screwworm as a Pest in the Caribbean and Plans for its Eradication from Jamaica and the Other Infested Islands Using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)
Creators: name: Grant, George H.
name: Lazarus, Cedric
name: Snow, J. Wendell
name: Teran, Moises Vargas
name: Grant, George H.
name: Lazarus, Cedric
name: Snow, J. Wendell
name: Teran, Moises Vargas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Security and Poverty

description: The New World Screwworm (NWS) •Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) has been shown to beofwidespread occurrence and distribution in the majority of countries in the Caribbean Region. Its occurrence is without regard to seasonal variations, type of ecological community and altitude. This pest currently presents a serious problem for these countries making for significant economic losses to the livestock industry in addition to posing potential public health risks. A programme for the eradication of this insect pest has been initiated in Jamaica. Annual losses due to NWS infestation in this particular country are estimated to range from US$S.5 B 7.7 million. The eradication of this pest should serve to eliminate the current losses while greatly contributing improvement ofthe expansion ofthe Jamaican livestock industry. It is expected that a successful Jamaican programme will serve as a model for future progranunes in the other Caribbean countries namely, Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic which have also been confmned as being NWS infested. Eventually the entire Caribbean should be screwworm free with the exception of Trinidad and Tobago which will have to be eradicated in association with South America. This paper will discuss the current status of the NWS eradication efforts in Jamaica and the rest of the Caribbean.
Bioinformatische und molekulare Untersuchungen der Genexpression in der Frühentwicklung im Phylum Nematoda
Creators: name: Stupp, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: My bachelor thesis with the topic "Bioinformatische und molekulare Untersuchungen der Genexpression in der Frühentwicklung im Phylum Nematoda".
Galaxy evolution in dense environments; a concise HI perspective
Creators: name: Verheijen, Marc A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observing the neutral Hydrogen in galaxy clusters provides crucial insights in the physical processes that influence the evolution of gas-rich galaxies as they migrate from the lower-density filaments through the cluster outskirts into to the higher-density central regions. The morphology-density relation, the Buther-Oemler effect, and the observed HI deficiencies in the central regions of galaxy clusters suggest that infalling galaxies experience a strong transformation of their morphologies, star formation rates, and gas content. The physical mechanisms that trigger and govern these transformations may depend strongly on environment. This contribution aims to illustrate that the morphological and kinematic characteristics of the cold gas provide a sensitive tool to determine which mechanisms dominate in which environments.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, To appear in `Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters; intense life in the suburbs', IAU Colloquium No. 195, 2004, A. Diaferio ed
THE QUALITY OF THE RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF "RHUM AGRICOLE": THE CASE OF MARTINIQUE
Creators: name: Rosemain, Raymond
name: Baron, Helene
name: Rosemain, Raymond
name: Baron, Helene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: Les facteurs influençant la qualité des cannes livrées en unités industrielles sont fort nombreux, avec de complexes interactions. Dans le cas particulier du " Rhum Agricole Martinique ", un cahier des charges précise l'origine de la matière première, les conditions de culture et la qualité des jus. Toutefois, d'autres facteurs moins bien maîtrisés sont à même d'influer significativement sur les propriétés organoleptiques des rhums. Ainsi en est-il de certains composés mineurs, liés à des différences de flore microbienne ou de composition originelle de la canne, ouvrant la porte à différentes voies de recherche. Parallèlement, il est primordial d'optimiser la coordination entre planteurs et distillateurs, afin de réduire les délais entre coupe et broyage de la canne. La réalisation d'un produit d'Appellation d'Origine exige en effet que chacun s'imprègne d'un " Esprit Qualité ". Au-delà des normes à respecter, une philosophie participative de l'ensemble des acteurs est essentielle.
Higgsino Dark Matter in the MSSM
Creators: name: Delgado, Antonio
name: Quirós, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comologically stable neutral component from a nearly pure $SU(2)$ doublet, with a mass $\sim$1.1 TeV, is one appealing candidate for dark matter (DM) consistent with all direct dark matter searches. We have explored this possibility in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), with the Higgsino playing the role of DM, in theories where supersymmetry breaking is transmitted by gravitational interactions at the unification scale $M\simeq 2\times 10^{16}$ GeV. We have focussed our work in the search of "light" supersymmetric spectra, which could be at reach of present and/or future colliders, in models with universal and non-universal Higgs and gaugino Majorana masses. The lightest supersymmetric particles of the spectrum are, by construction, two neutralinos and one chargino, almost degenerate, with a mass $\sim $1.1 TeV, and a mass splitting of a few GeV. Depending on the particular scenario the gluino can be at its experimental mass lower bound $\sim$ 2.2 TeV; in the squark sector, the lightest stop can be as light as $\sim$ 1.3 TeV, and the lightest slepton, the right-handed stau, can have a mass as light as $1.2$ TeV. The lightest neutralino can be found at the next generation of direct dark matter experimental searches. In the most favorable situation, the gluino, with some specific decay channels, could be found at the next run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the lightest stop at the High-Luminosity LHC run.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, minor changes, version to be published in PRD
The Quark-Gluon-Plasma Liquid
Creators: name: Thoma, Markus H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark-gluon plasma close to the critical temperature is a strongly interacting system. Using strongly coupled, classical, non-relativistic plasmas as an analogy, we argue that the quark-gluon plasma is in the liquid phase. This allows to understand experimental observations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and to interpret lattice QCD results. It also supports the indications of the presence of a strongly coupled QGP in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, final version, to bepublished in J. Phys. G
Additional file 1 of Space use and habitat selection of an invasive mesopredator and sympatric, native apex predator
Creators: name: Wysong, Michael L.
name: Hradsky, Bronwyn A.
name: Iacona, Gwenllian D.
name: Valentine, Leonie E.
name: Morris, Keith
name: Ritchie, Euan G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Details of animal capture and GPS-collar data collection for dingoes and feral cats at Matuwa Indigenous Protected Area, Western Australia. Table S2. Parameter estimates and odds-ratios for mixed-effects step-selection function models of dingo and feral cat habitat selection at Matuwa Indigenous Protected Area and surrounding properties in semi-arid Western Australia. Table S3. Results of sensitivity tests with data grouped by serial autocorrelated lags. Figure S1. Logistic regressions of proportional availability of woodland and grassland in the used and randomly-sampled available home ranges for dingoes and feral cats.
Quantum simulation of extended polaron models using compound atom-ion systems
Creators: name: Jachymski, Krzysztof
name: Negretti, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prospects for quantum simulation of condensed matter models exhibiting strong electron-phonon coupling using a hybrid platform of trapped laser-cooled ions interacting with an ultracold atomic gas. This system naturally posesses a phonon structure, in contrast to the standard optical lattice scenarios usually employed with ultracold atoms in which the lattice is generated by laser light and thus it remains static. We derive the effective Hamiltonian describing the general system and discuss the arising energy scales, relating the results to commonly employed extended Hubbard-Holstein models. Although for a typical experimentally realistic system the coupling to phonons turns out to be small, we provide the means to enhance its role and reach interesting regimes with competing orders. Extended Lang-Firsov transformation reveals the emergence of phonon-induced long-range interactions between the atoms, which can give rise to both localized and extended bipolaron states with low effective mass, indicating the possibility of fermion pairing.
Development and Processing of Millettia speciosa Instant Tea
Creators: name: WANG Maoyuan
name: YANG Qing
name: WANG Qinglong
name: YAN Xiaoxia
name: WANG Jianrong
name: WANG Zhunian
name: WANG Maoyuan
name: YANG Qing
name: WANG Qinglong
name: YAN Xiaoxia
name: WANG Jianrong
name: WANG Zhunian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Millettia speciosa Champ., Instant tea, Processing technology, Index detection

description: This paper analyzed the effect of raw material crushing fineness, cooking time, ethanol content during ethanol precipitation and other factors on the preparation of raw material extract from Millettia speciosa Champ. instant tea. The raw materials of Millettia speciosa Champ., Philippine flemingia root and radix fici simplicissimae were crushed into 10 mesh or finer powder, and cooked for 60 min. During ethanol precipitation, the ethanol content was about 50% to 70%, standing 12 h. The ophiopogon root was cooked in 1: 15 boiling water for 45 min, and chrysanthemum was leached for 45 min with 1: 20 demineralized water at 80℃. After concentration, preparation and spray drying, the finished Millettia speciosa Champ. instant tea was created. The detection of each product index indicated that Millettia speciosa Champ. instant tea had good taste and flavor, and there were no heavy metals, harmful substances and excessive microbes, thereby showing that the raw material of Millettia speciosa Champ. instant tea was selected reasonably, the mixture ratio was rational, and the processing technology was of some security, stability and maturity, which provided a theoretical basis for its development and application.
Simple Pendulum Revisited
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Neha
name: Verma, Nitin
name: Arun, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a 8085 microprocessor interface developed to make reliable time period measurements. The time period of each oscillation of a simple pendulum was measured using this interface. The variation of the time period with increasing oscillation was studied for the simple harmonic motion (SHM) and for large angle initial displacements (non-SHM). The results underlines the importance of the precautions which the students are asked to take while performing the pendulum experiment.
description: 17 pages with 10 figures
Design and Research on Virtual Display of Whole Process Mechanization for Rice Production in Cold Region
Creators: name: WANG Na
name: WANG Na
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rice in cold region, Whole process mechanization, Virtual display

description: With the development of society, the virtual reality technology and multimedia technology have been applied to modern large-scale agriculture. The paper describes the design ideas for animation display of mechanized rice production in cold region, and elaborates the design of major part of each scene. By animation display, we can know about the whole process of rice production, as well as the benefits of mechanized operation.
Design of New Farm Machine for Chopping Field Straw, Pressing it into Soil and Cleaning up Plastic Film
Creators: name: CUI Jiqiang
name: HE Lele
name: CUI Jiqiang
name: HE Lele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Field straw chopping, Pressing straw into soil, Plastic film clean-up, Microcontroller

description: In this paper, we design a farm machine integrating the functions of chopping field straw, pressing field straw into soil, breaking stubble, and cleaning up plastic film, in order to improve the efficiency of plastic film cleaning, enrich the function of straw chopping equipment, reduce the noise generated at work, and further realize the intelligent harmony. The remote control button is used to control the work of the entire system, and the bluetooth remote control module and matrix keyboard are used to control the vehicle. With STM32 microcontroller as the main control chip, the machine controls the motion of the electric motor by relay, and employs LCD screen to realize real-time display of system work. It is convenient and easy to operate, with good human-computer interaction.
Testing Generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama Gravity using Weak Deflection Angle and Shadow Cast
Creators: name: Övgün, Ali
name: Sakallı, İzzet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use a new asymptotically flat and spherically symmetric solution in the generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama (ECKS) theory of gravity to study the weak gravitational lensing and its shadow cast. To this end, we first compute the weak deflection angle of generalized ECKS black hole using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem in plasma medium and in vacuum. Next by using the Newman-Janis algorithm without complexification, we derive the rotating generalized ECKS black hole and in the sequel study its shadow. Then, we discuss the effects of the ECKS parameter on the weak deflection angle and shadow of the black hole. In short, the goal of this paper is to give contribution to the ECKS theory and look for evidences to understand how the ECKS parameter effects the gravitational lensing. Hence, we show that the weak deflection of black hole is increased with the increase of the ECKS parameter.
description: 16 pages. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Transient behavior of a population dynamical model
Creators: name: Spagnolo, B.
name: Valenti, D.
name: Fiasconaro, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The transient behavior of an ecosystem with N random interacting species in the presence of a multiplicative noise is analyzed. The multiplicative noise mimics the interaction with the environment. We investigate different asymptotic dynamical regimes and the role of the external noise on the probability distribution of the local field.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Progress of Theoretical Physics
Discussion on Agricultural Religion in the Pre-Qin Period of China
Creators: name: WU Longsheng
name: WU Longsheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: The pre-Qin period, Agricultural religion, Worship

description: Since ancient times, agricultural religion has been infiltrated into all aspects of economic, political and social life in China. Using rich historical data such as archeology, anthropology and ethnology, this paper discussed the historical process of agricultural religion in the pre-Qin period from animal worship to agricultural worship. It also discussed the agricultural objects, land, celestial nature, and labor ghosts. Finally, it revealed the inevitable trend of combination of social sacrificing activities.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency as a method of dorsal root ganglia stimulation for treatment of non-neuropathic pain: a systematic review
Creators: name: Vuka, Ivana
name: Došenović, Svjetlana
name: Marciuš, Tihana
name: Hamzić, Lejla Ferhatović
name: Vučić, Katarina
name: Sapunar, Damir
name: Puljak, Livia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Search strategies for four bibliographic databases searched.
Wave after Wave: Contagion Risk from Commodity Markets
Creators: name: Algieri, Bernardina
name: Leccadito, Arturo
name: Algieri, Bernardina
name: Leccadito, Arturo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Commodity markets
subject: Contagion risk
subject: ΔCoVaR

description: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible contagion risk coming from energy, food and metals commodity markets and to assess risk spillovers from biofuel to food commodity markets and from crude oil to food markets. To this purpose, we use the delta Conditional Value-at-Risk ΔCoVaR) approach recently proposed by Adrian and Brunnermeier (2016) based on quantile regression. This novel methodology allows us first to identify a measure of contagion risk for energy, food and metals commodity markets, then to detect whether the risk contribution for a given market is significant, while distinguishing between tail events driven by financial factors, economic fundamentals or both, and finally, to assess whether the contagion effect of one market is significantly larger than the one of another market. The results show that energy, food and metals commodity markets transmit contagion within markets and there are spillovers from crude oil and biofuel to food markets. In particular, oil is systemically riskier than the other markets in causing economic instability. Oil is also more important than biofuel in affecting food markets. It emerges that contagion risk is mainly triggered by financial factors for energy and metal markets, while financial and economic fundamentals are relevant for food markets.
Boundary states in the Nappi-Witten model
Creators: name: Hikida, Yasuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate D-branes in the Nappi-Witten model. Classically symmetric D-branes are classified by the (twisted) conjugacy classes of the Nappi-Witten group, which specify the geometry of the corresponding D-branes. Quantum description of the D-branes is given by boundary states, and we need one point functions of closed strings to construct the boundary states. We compute the one point functions solving conformal bootstrap constraints, and check that the classical limit of the boundary states reproduces the geometry of D-branes.
description: 19 pages, no figure; minor changes, references added
Confinement and Pseudoscalar Glueball Spectrum in the $2+1$D QCD-Like Theory from the Non-Susy D$2$ Brane
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Adrita
name: Nayek, Kuntal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study two important properties of $2+1$ dimensional QCD -- confinement and pseudoscalar glueball spectrum -- with holographic approach. We consider the low energy decoupled geometry of the isotropic non-susy D$2$ brane. We find the corresponding gauge theory is similar to the $2+1$-dim Yang-Mills theory with the running coupling $λ^2$. At the extremal limit (i.e. BPS limit), this gauge theory reduces to the super-YM theory. From the Nambu-Goto action of a test string, the potential of a \qq pair located on the boundary is calculated. At large \qq separation it gives the tension $σ$ of the QCD flux-tube. The parametric dependencies of $σ$ is shown pictorially. It is found that $σ$ is a monotonically increasing function of the effective coupling $λ^2$. In comparison, $\sqrtσ/g_\text{YM}^2N_c$ is found to match accurately with the previous results. In the next part, we consider fluctuation of the axion field in the aforementioned gravity background. From the linearized field equation of the fluctuation we calculate the mass spectrum of $0^{-+}$ numerically using the WKB approximation. The pseudoscalar mass is found to be related to the string tension approximately as $M_{0^{-+}}/\sqrtσ\approx 3(n+2)$ for first three energy states, $n=0,\,1,\,2$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; v2: more clarifications added, some typos corrected; version to appear in Physical Review D
title: Shifting Grounds: How Urban Gardening Practices Enact the Relations between Play and Work
Creators: name: van Duppen, Jan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: This thesis discusses how urban gardening practices enact the relations between play and work, based upon a comparative ethnographic study of allotment, community and guerrilla gardening in London. It deploys participant observation and garden go-alongs, and makes use of photography to engage with the corporealities, textures, and creativities of these practices. Rather than binary conceptions of play and work, this thesis understands urban gardening practices as creating entangled contingencies of play and work in social life. It sees urban gardens as paradoxical spaces of play and work; and thereby develops cultural geography’s understanding of gardens as sites imbued with multiple and contradictory meanings. Gardening is enjoyed for its visceral experience confirming ideas of play as being fun, embodied and absorbing. Yet, it also demands work, because this seemingly voluntary activity implicates social, material and legal obligations. Furthermore, the research demonstrates how objects travel across spaces of play and work, as permeable garden boundaries are made and unmade constantly. By showing these relations between inside and outside, the thesis challenges ideas of the ‘garden’ and the ‘playground’ as fixed, enclosed time-spaces set apart from everyday life. Moreover, this ambiguity is further exemplified by how gardeners have varying perceptions of play, which overlap but also contest each other. This research also enhances debates on public spaces in cities, and more-than-human geographies, by showing how gardening breathes life into the urban through on-going encounters between people, plants and animals. It identifies four types of encounters, namely festive, chance, care-taking and contestation. The range of others encountered is multiple and diverse, and gardeners’ openness towards the contingencies of inhabiting these urban spaces alludes to a playful mode of engaging with the world. The thesis argues that urban gardening practices feed into, complement and offer an alternative to neoliberal conceptions of play and work in post-fordist economies.
Additional file 1 of Why do graduates choose to work in a less attractive specialty? A cross-sectional study on the role of personal values and expectations
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van Anh Thi
name: Könings, Karen D.
name: E. Pamela Wright
name: Kim, Giang Bao
name: Hoat Ngoc Luu
name: Scherpbier, Albert J. J. A.
name: Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G. Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Survey questionnaire of PM graduates
Quantum benchmark for storage and transmission of coherent states
Creators: name: Hammerer, K.
name: Wolf, M. M.
name: Polzik, E. S.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the storage and transmission of a Gaussian distributed set of coherent states of continuous variable systems. We prove a limit on the average fidelity achievable when the states are transmitted or stored by a classical channel, i.e., a measure and repreparation scheme which sends or stores classical information only. The obtained bound is tight and serves as a benchmark which has to be surpassed by quantum channels in order to outperform any classical strategy. The success in experimental demonstrations of quantum memories as well as quantum teleportation has to be judged on this footing.
description: 4 pages, references added, minor changes
Explore and Exploit with Heterotic Line Bundle Models
Creators: name: Larfors, Magdalena
name: Schneider, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We use deep reinforcement learning to explore a class of heterotic $SU(5)$ GUT models constructed from line bundle sums over Complete Intersection Calabi Yau (CICY) manifolds. We perform several experiments where A3C agents are trained to search for such models. These agents significantly outperform random exploration, in the most favourable settings by a factor of 1700 when it comes to finding unique models. Furthermore, we find evidence that the trained agents also outperform random walkers on new manifolds. We conclude that the agents detect hidden structures in the compactification data, which is partly of general nature. The experiments scale well with $h^{(1,1)}$, and may thus provide the key to model building on CICYs with large $h^{(1,1)}$.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, python package
The origin and maintenance of genetic variation in small populations : coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarki) as a model system
Creators: name: Costello, Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Genetic variation is widely recognized as a major component of species biodiversity, contributing greatly to the maintenance of adaptive potential in populations and their evolutionary response to change. Despite years of study and their obvious importance to evolution and conservation biology, however, the biological processes responsible for the maintenance of genetic variation in the wild are still poorly understood. Throughout this thesis, I have attempted to describe the historical and contemporary forces contributing to the origins and maintenance of genetic variation in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarki), a salmonid characterized by small population sizes and one that is of growing conservation concern in western North America. I found evidence for the existence of three, and possibly four glacial refugia for coastal cutthroat trout and a complex pattern of secondary contact between refugial groups in the northern portion of their range. Over subregional scales, both long term and contemporary estimates of gene flow between adjacent populations appear on the order of one migrant per generation, the theoretically optimal level to reduce the loss of genetic diversity in small populations. I also found evidence that interspecific gene flow between coastal cutthroat and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) may be widespread in populations throughout the study area. Finally, through an intensive demographic and genetic study of a single representative population, I found that the breeding system of coastal cutthroat trout may itself compensate for the small, fluctuating number of spawners typical of the subspecies. Mating patterns were found to be quite complex ranging from monogamy to polygynandry, with mating occurring between different cohorts and life history types. My results go further, suggesting that genetic compensation, in the form of an increase in levels of polyandry and a reduction in the variance associated with female reproductive success, partially countered fluctuations in population size. I discuss the key findings of each chapter as they pertain to the maintenance of genetic variation in small populations, the future conservation of coastal cutthroat trout, and, more generally, in terms of applied salmonid management.
Collective effects in traffic on bi-directional ant-trails
Creators: name: John, Alexander
name: Schadschneider, Andreas
name: Chowdhury, Debashish
name: Nishinari, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental work of Burd et al., we propose a model of bi-directional ant-traffic on pre-existing ant-trails. It captures in a simple way some of the generic collective features of movements of real ants on a trail. Analyzing this model, we demonstrate that there are crucial qualitative differences between vehicular- and ant-traffics. In particular, we predict some unusual features of the flow rate that can be tested experimentally. As in the uni-directional model a non-monotonic density-dependence of the average velocity can be observed in certain parameter regimes. As a consequence of the interaction between oppositely moving ants the flow rate can become approximately constant over some density interval.
Effective Model of Loop Extrusion Predicts Chromosomal Domains
Creators: name: Crippa, M.
name: Zhan, Y.
name: Tiana, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An active loop-extrusion mechanism is regarded as the main out--of--equilibrium mechanism responsible for the structuring of megabase-sized domains in chromosomes. We developed a model to study the dynamics of the chromosome fibre by solving the kinetic equations associated with the motion of the extruder. By averaging out the position of the extruder along the chain, we build an effective equilibrium model capable of reproducing experimental contact maps based solely on the positions of extrusion--blocking proteins. We assessed the quality of the effective model using numerical simulations of chromosomal segments and comparing the results with explicit-extruder models and experimental data.
Kirchhoff's Loop Law and the maximum entropy production principle
Creators: name: Zupanovic, P.
name: Juretic, D.
name: Botric, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the standard derivation of Kirchhoff's loop law, which invokes electric potential, we show, for the linear planar electric network in a stationary state at the fixed temperature,that loop law can be derived from the maximum entropy production principle. This means that the currents in network branches are distributed in such a way as to achieve the state of maximum entropy production.
description: revtex4, 5 pages, 2 figures
Asymmetric variation of a finite mass harmonic like oscillator
Creators: name: Asad, Jihad
name: Mallick, P.
name: Rath, B.
name: Samei, M. E.
name: Mohapatra, Prachiparava
name: Shanak, Hussein
name: Jarrar, Rabab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical and quantum mechanical analysis have been carried out on harmonic like oscillator with asymmetric position dependent mass. Phase space analysis are performed both classically and quantum mechanically for a plausible understanding of the subject.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table We have performed numerical calculation through MATLAB and added the numerical results to this new version in order to have better comparison the classical results with that of quantum. In this manuscript, we added one co-author (M.E. Samei) for his contribution on numerical calculation
Observational constraints on the time-dependence of dark energy
Creators: name: Jain, Deepak
name: Alcaniz, J. S.
name: Dev, Abha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important questions nowadays in physics concerns the nature of the so-called dark energy. It is also a consensus among cosmologists that such a question will not be answered on the basis only of observational data. However, it is possible to diminish the range of possibilities for this dark component by comparing different dark energy scenarios and finding which models can be ruled out by current observations. In this paper, by asssuming three distinct parametrizations for the low-redshift evolution of the dark energy equation of state (EOS), we consider the possibility of discriminating between evolving dark energy and $Λ$CDM models from a joint analysis involving the most recent radio sources gravitational lensing sample, namely, the Cosmic All Sky Survey (CLASS) statistical data and the recently published \emph{gold} SNe Ia sample. It is shown that this particular combination of observational data restricts considerably the dark energy parameter space, which enables possible distinctions between time-dependent and constant EOS's.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Comparing iterative methods for overlap and twisted mass fermions
Creators: name: Chiarappa, T.
name: Jansen, K.
name: Nagai, K. -I.
name: Papinutto, M.
name: Scorzato, L.
name: Shindler, A.
name: Urbach, C.
name: Wenger, U.
name: Wetzorke, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic comparison of various iterative methods to obtain the fermion propagator with both overlap and twisted mass fermions at fixed pion mass in the quenched approximation. Taking the best available algorithm in each case we find that calculations with the overlap operator are by a factor of 20-40 more expensive than with the twisted mass operator at the parameter values considered here. For the overlap operator we also compare the efficiency of various methods for calculating the topological index.
description: Poster presented at Lattice2004(machines), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004, 3 pages, 4 figures
Driven One-Particle Quantum Cyclotron
Creators: name: Fan, Xing
name: Gabrielse, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum cyclotron is one trapped electron or positron that occupies only its lowest cyclotron and spin states. A master equation is solved for a driven quantum cyclotron with a QND (quantum nondemolition) coupling to a detection oscillator in thermal equilibrium - the first quantum calculation for this coupled and open system. The predicted rate of cyclotron and spin quantum jumps as a function of drive frequency, for a small coupling between the detection motion and its thermal reservoir, differs sharply from what has been predicted and used for past measurements. The calculation suggests a ten times more precise electron magnetic moment measurement is possible, as needed to investigate current differences between the most precise prediction of the standard model of particle physics, and the most accurate measurement of a property of an elementary particle.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures
Higher Derivative Operators as loop counterterms in one-dimensional field theory orbifolds
Creators: name: Ghilencea, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a 5D N=1 supersymmetric toy-model compactified on S_1/(Z_2 x Z_2'), with a ``brane-localised'' superpotential, it is shown that higher (dimension) derivative operators are generated as one-loop counterterms to the (mass)^2 of the zero-mode scalar field, to ensure the quantum consistency of the model. Such operators are just a result of the compactification and integration of the bulk modes. They are relevant for the UV momentum scale dependence of the (mass)^2 of the zero-mode scalar field, regarded as a Higgs field in more realistic models. While suppressed for a small compactification radius R, these operators can affect the predictive power of models with a large value for R. A general method is also provided for a careful evaluation of infinite sums of 4D divergent loop-integrals (of Feynman diagrams) present in field theory orbifolds. With minimal changes, this method can be applied to specific orbifold models for a simple evaluation of their radiative corrections and the overall divergences.
description: 19 pages, LaTeX; one paragraph added in section 3
Astrophysical implications of GW190412 as a remnant of a previous black-hole merger
Creators: name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two of the dominant channels to produce merging stellar-mass black-hole binaries are believed to be the isolated evolution of binary stars in the field and dynamical formation in star clusters. The first reported black-hole binary event from the third LIGO/Virgo observing run (GW190412) is unusual in that it has unequal masses, nonzero effective spin, and nonzero primary spin at 90\% confidence interval. We show that this event should be exceedingly rare in the context of both the field and cluster formation scenarios. Interpreting GW190412 as a remnant of a previous black-hole merger provides a promising route to explain its features. If GW190412 indeed formed hierarchically, we show that the region of the parameter space that is best motivated from an astrophysical standpoint (low natal spins and light clusters) cannot accommodate the observation. We analyze public GW190412 LIGO/Virgo data with a Bayesian prior where the more massive black hole resulted from a previous merger, and find that this interpretation is equally supported by the data. If the heavier component of GW190412 is indeed a merger remnant, then its spin magnitude is $χ_1=0.56_{-0.21}^{+0.19}$, which is higher than the value previously reported by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Published in PRL
Vanishing geodesic distance on spaces of submanifolds and diffeomorphisms
Creators: name: Michor, Peter W.
name: Mumford, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B20, 58D15, 58E12

description: The $L^2$-metric or Fubini-Study metric on the non-linear Grassmannian of all submanifolds of type $M$ in a Riemannian manifold $(N,g)$ induces geodesic distance 0. We discuss another metric which involves the mean curvature and shows that its geodesic distance is a good topological metric. The vanishing phenomenon for the geodesic distance holds also for all diffeomorphism groups for the $L^2$-metric.
description: 26 pages, LATEX, final version
Expression and function of HOXA genes in the normal ovary and ovarian carcinoma
Creators: name: Ota, Takayo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Homeobox genes, which code for families of transcription factors, act at the top of genetic hierarchies. HOX genes specify positional identity during development, and in adult tissues, regulate differentiation and proliferation. Most ovarian carcinomas are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). In contrast to other carcinomas, OSE differentiates further with neoplastic progression and acquires Mtillerian duct-derived epithelial properties. I tested the hypothesis that growth and differentiation in ovarian carcinogenesis are regulated by HOX genes. I studied three genes: HOXA4, A7 and A9. HOXA7 has been reported to play a role in the differentiation of ovarian cancers, while HOXA9 is expressed in normal oviductal epithelium which resembles ovarian serous adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, microarray studies showed that HOXA4 and HOXA7, but not HOXA9, were highly expressed in ovarian carcinomas. In this study, I produced a well-characterized polyclonal anti-HOXA7 antibody and investigated its distribution in ovarian carcinomas. HOXA7 expression was not related to grade. HOXA7 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm, however, nuclear staining correlated with prognosis, suggesting that HOXA7 in different subcellular locations has different functions. HOXA4 expression in normal OSE was not consistently related to proliferation but increased at low cell density, low [Ca ] and with EGF stimulation, and HOXA4 siRNA enhanced motility. In ovarian cancer cultures, HOXA4 siRNA enhanced motility, increased proliferation in three-dimensional cultures and reduced CA125 secretion. These results imply that HOXA4 regulates differentiation and cell-cell interrelationships, and that increased HOXA4 expression may reflect a response to maintain homeostasis during neoplastic progression. The study was expanded to investigate HOXA7 distribution in human ovarian folliculogenesis. Granulosa cells were negative in primordial, but positive in primary follicles. As they matured, HOXA7 relocated to the cytoplasm. HOXA7 expression in granulosa cells increased with proliferation, and in culture it was regulated by GDF-9. These results indicate that, in folliculogenesis, HOXA7 expression undergoes cell typeand stage-specific changes, which are regulated, in part, by GDF-9. In summary, HOX genes contribute to the development of ovarian follicles and carcinomas. Controlling HOX genes may be one of the critical methods to overcome diseases associated with ovarian folliculogenesis and carcinogenesis.
Band structure of LaB6 by an algorithm for filtering reconstructed electron-positron momentum densities
Creators: name: Kontrym-Sznajd, G.
name: Samsel-Czekala, M.
name: Biasini, M.
name: Kubo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method (NM) for filtering three-dimensional reconstructed densities is proposed. The algorithm is tested with simulated spectra and employed to study the electronic structure of the rare-earth compound LaB6. For this system, momentum densities are reconstructed from theoretical and experimental two-dimensional angular correlation of electron-positron annihilation radiation (2D ACAR) spectra. The experimental results are in good agreement with the band structure calculated with the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method within the local-density approximation (LDA), apart from the detection of small electron pockets in the 15th band. It is also shown that, unlike the electron-positron enhancement, the electron-electron correlations affect noticeably the momentum density.
title: Functional and Molecular Diversity of the Diatom Family Leptocylindraceae
Creators: name: Pargana, Aikaterini
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: The focus of this PhD project is the functional and molecular diversity of Leptocylindraceae diatom species, the study of which can lead to a better understanding of long standing questions regarding the ecology and evolution of phytoplankton. A wide range of tools, spanning from microscopical observations and physiological measurements to molecular techniques and high throughput sequencing, is utilized during this attempt. The genus Leptocylindrus has been chosen as the main target species due its worldwide and at the same time local importance in the Gulf of Naples and also because of the already extended study of the species in Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) towards the direction mentioned above.

Leptocylindraceae are centric diatoms that occupy a basal position in the diatom phylogeny and are abundant in marine plankton worldwide. In the Gulf of Naples (GoN), five out of the six species are found; L. minimus is known to be absent from the Mediterranean environment. The family shows a morphological conservation but the seasonal patterns between the species differ considerably. Indeed, physiological experiments of two Leptocylindrus species that show contrasting seasonality confirmed their opposed preferences regarding temperature as well as a high intraspecific phenological variability. In addition, the analysis of transcriptomes acquired for the three temperatures of one of them (L. aporus) indicated the possibly important role of transposable elements in response to stress and diatom adaptation. Furthermore, the transcriptomes of all Leptocylindrus species were explored in order to detect basic intra- and interspecific similarities and/or differences. HTS sequencing data from the MareChiara station in GoN and from the Tara expedition in the world’s seas were analyzed in order to assess the actual diversity of this important diatom family. A significant level of intraspecific variability was detected while the distribution of species and populations at spatial and temporal scale supported the functional differences among them that account for their distinct seasonality and their adaptation to different environmental conditions.