Gymnapogonini Whitley 1941
Creators: name: Mabuchi, Kohji
name: Fraser, Thomas H.
name: Song, Hayeun
name: Azuma, Yoichiro
name: Nishida, Mutsumi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Apogonidae

description: Tribe Gymnapogonini Whitley 1941
Type genus Gymnapogon Regan 1905
Diagnosis. Members of the Apogoninae: VI+I,8–13; anal fin II,8–16; head and body naked or with large weakly ctenoid or cycloid scales; lateral-line scales 23–24 or lateral line a series of free neuromasts to base of caudal fin, interrupted mid-line lateral line present or absent; preopercle ridge smooth, edge with one or more spines at angle; 0–2 ossified supraneurals; supramaxilla, paired uroneurals and basisphenoid absent; 2–3 epurals; hypurals 1–2 fused, 3–4 separate or fused to urostyle; parhypural separate or fused to hypurals 1–2; caudal fin forked or rounded; pterosphenoid and parasphenoid joined excluding prootic from internal orbit rim.
Other characteristics. one supernumerary dorsal-fin spine; unbranched or branched first segmented dorsal-fin ray, branched first anal-fin ray; cycloid or weakly ctenoid scales on predorsal, cheek, breast, two pelvic scales, and body; cycloid scale on opercle and onto base of caudal fin; pectoral-fin rays 10–14; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 13–15 branched, upper one or two and lower one or two unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; some enlarged teeth on premaxilla and dentary, canine or villiform on vomer, villiform on palatine; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital present or absent; 1–2 postcleithra; anterior ceratohyal smooth or notched; 10+14 or 9+15 (Cercamia) vertebrae; 7–8 ribs; 0–6 epipleurals; low crest on PU2.
Distribution. Pseudamiops East Africa to Japan, Hawaii and French Polynesia, Gymnapogon widespread from the Red Sea, East Africa to Japan and French Polynesia, Lachneratus from East Africa to Hawaii and Tonga and Cercamia from the Eastern Indian Ocean to Japan and French Polynesia.
Remarks. This tribe contains four genera, Cercamia, Gymnapogon, Lachneratus and Pseudamiops, corresponding to the clade I in the molecular trees (Figs. 2–6, Table 4). Species of the included genera are all translucent with many reductive morphologic characters. Although Pseudamiops was absent from the present analyses, we tentatively associated this genus with the Gymnapogonini based on its translucent body and the reductive morphological characters. Bergman (2004) noted: …"The cephalic lateralis system of Gymnapogon is very similar to that of Pseudamiops. A notable exception being that the preopercular and mandibular canal portions are confluent in Gymnapogon species. " Pseudamiops, with scales, lacks pored, notched or pitted lateral-line scales. Cercamia and Lachneratus have not previously been associated with Gymnapogon. Both genera have deciduous scales and both lack pored, notched or pitted lateral-line scales. Gymnapogon and Pseudamiops were formerly classified under Pseudamiinae, together with Pseudamia. As mentioned above in the remarks of the subfamily Pseudamiinae, the present molecular data significantly rejected their monophyly (H 14 in Table 6). In our molecular trees, two individuals of Cercamia cladara from two distantly distributed populations (French Polynesia and Palau) were paraphyletic to Gymnapogon and genetically distant from each other, which may indicate needs of taxonomical revisions of them.
Tanaka (1915) described the new family Henicicthyidae for the new genus and single new species Henicichthys foraminosus. Tanaka's family name has been used only in the original publication. Whitley (1941) created the family Gymnapogonidae with Regan's genus as the type species. He noted that the oldest genus name '...becomes the root for the family name." Whitley's (1941) synonymy of the literature for Henicichthys has the last published use of this genus in 1939. Whitley (1941) recognized that Henicichthys foraminosus and Austalaphia annona Whitley 1936 are synonyms of Gymnapogon. The sole use of Gymnapogon has been continuous since 1941. Fowler (1944) and Lindberg (1971) used Gymnapogonidae. We regarded Gymnapogonini as an easily recognized tribal name among apogonids and is its preferred use.
description: Published as part of Mabuchi, Kohji, Fraser, Thomas H., Song, Hayeun, Azuma, Yoichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi, 2014, Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters, pp. 151-203 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 181-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928545