cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ART adherence changes among patients in community substance use treatment: a preliminary analysis from MACH14
Creators: name: Rosen, Marc
name: Black, Anne
name: Arnsten, Julia
name: Simoni, Jane
name: Wagner, Glann
name: Goggin, Kathleen
name: Remien, Robert Howard
name: Golin, Carol
name: Wang, Yan
name: Bangsberg, David
name: Liu, Honghu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Psychiatry

description: Background: Opiate substitution treatment has been associated with better adherence to lifesaving antiretroviral medications, but the impact of other substance abuse treatment on adherence is unknown. Findings: In this study, 215 patients who had been in adherence-focused research studies provided electronically-measured adherence data and a measure of whether the patient had recently been in substance abuse treatment. Recent engagement in substance abuse treatment was independently associated with significantly higher adherence, after covarying for recent substance use and other factors potentially affecting adherence. Conclusions: The findings suggest that substance abuse treatment is associated with better adherence. Potential mechanisms by which substance abuse treatment improves adherence, such as more stability or more future-orientation, require further study.
Circulatory efficiency in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement
Creators: name: Nordmeyer, Sarah
name: Lee, Chong Bin
name: Goubergrits, Leonid
name: Knosalla, Christoph
name: Berger, Felix
name: Falk, Volkmar
name: Ghorbani, N.
name: Hireche-Chikaoui, H.
name: Zhu, Miry
name: Kelle, Sebastian
name: Kuehne, Titus
name: Kelm, Marcus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Circulatory efficiency
subject: Aortic valve stenosis
subject: Heart failure
subject: Aortic valve replacement
subject: Remodeling
subject: Hemodynamics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Circulatory efficiency reflects the ratio between total left ventricular work and the work required for maintaining cardiovascular circulation. The effect of severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) on left ventricular/circulatory mechanical power and efficiency is not yet fully understood. We aimed to quantify left ventricular (LV) efficiency in patients with severe AS before and after surgical AVR. Methods: Circulatory efficiency was computed from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging derived volumetric data, echocardiographic and clinical data in patients with severe AS (n = 41) before and 4 months after AVR and in age and sex-matched healthy subjects (n = 10). Results: In patients with AS circulatory efficiency was significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects (9 +/- 3% vs 12 +/- 2%; p = 0.004). There were significant negative correlations between circulatory efficiency and LV myocardial mass (r = - 0.591, p < 0.001), myocardial fibrosis volume (r = - 0.427, p = 0.015), end systolic volume (r = - 0.609, p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (r = - 0.444, p = 0.009) and significant positive correlation between circulatory efficiency and LV ejection fraction (r = 0.704, p < 0.001). After AVR, circulatory efficiency increased significantly in the total cohort (9 +/- 3 vs 13 +/- 5%; p < 0.001). However, in 10/41 (24%) patients, circulatory efficiency remained below 10% after AVR and, thus, did not restore to normal values. These patients also showed less reduction in myocardial fibrosis volume compared to patients with restored circulatory efficiency after AVR. Conclusion: In our cohort, circulatory efficiency is reduced in patients with severe AS. In 76% of cases, AVR leads to normalization of circulatory efficiency. However, in 24% of patients, circulatory efficiency remained below normal values even after successful AVR. In these patients also less regression of myocardial fibrosis volume was seen. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT03172338, June 1, 2017, retrospectively registered.
Principles of an Atomtronic Battery
Creators: name: Zozulya, Alex A.
name: Anderson, Dana Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An asymmetric atom trap is investigated as a means to implement a "battery" that supplies ultracold atoms to an atomtronic circuit. The battery model is derived from a scheme for continuous loading of a non-dissipative atom trap proposed by Roos et al.(Europhysics Letters V61, 187 (2003)). The trap is defined by longitudinal and transverse trap frequencies and corresponding trap energy heights. The battery's ability to supply power to a load is evaluated as a function of an input atom flux and power. For given trap parameters and input flux the battery is shown to have a resonantly optimum value of input power. The battery behavior can be cast in terms of an equivalent circuit model; specifically, for fixed input flux and power the battery is modeled in terms of a Thévenin equivalent chemical potential and internal resistance. The internal resistance establishes the maximum power that can be supplied to a circuit, the heat that will be generated by the battery, and that noise will be imposed on the circuit. We argue that any means of implementing a battery for atomtronics can be represented by a Thévenin equivalent and that its performance will likewise be determined by an internal resistance.
description: 10 pages 20 figures
High-dimensional single cell mass cytometry analysis of the murine hematopoietic system reveals signatures induced by ageing and physiological pathogen challenges
Creators: name: Nikolaou, Christos
name: Muehle, Kerstin
name: Schlickeiser, Stephan
name: Japp, Alberto Sada
name: Matzmohr, Nadine
name: Kunkel, Desiree
name: Frentsch, Marco
name: Thiel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunoaging
subject: Wild immunology
subject: Adaptive immune system
subject: Innate immune system
subject: Bone microenvironment
subject: Mass cytometry
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Immune ageing is a result of repetitive microbial challenges along with cell intrinsic or systemic changes occurring during ageing. Mice under 'specific-pathogen-free' (SPF) conditions are frequently used to assess immune ageing in long-term experiments. However, physiological pathogenic challenges are reduced in SPF mice. The question arises to what extent murine experiments performed under SPF conditions are suited to analyze immune ageing in mice and serve as models for human immune ageing. Our previous comparisons of same aged mice with different microbial exposures, unambiguously identified distinct clusters of immune cells characteristic for numerous previous pathogen encounters in particular in pet shop mice. Results: We here performed single cell mass cytometry assessing splenic as secondary and bone marrow as primary lymphoid organ-derived leukocytes isolated from young versus aged SPF mice in order to delineate alterations of the murine hematopoietic system induced during ageing. We then compared immune clusters from young and aged SPF mice to pet shop mice in order to delineate alterations of the murine hematopoietic system induced by physiological pathogenic challenges and those caused by cell intrinsic or systemic changes during ageing. Notably, distinct immune signatures were similarly altered in both pet shop and aged SPF mice in comparison to young SPF mice, including increased frequencies of memory T lymphocytes, effector-cytokine producing T cells, plasma cells and mature NK cells. However, elevated frequencies of CD4(+) T cells, total NK cells, granulocytes, pDCs, cDCs and decreased frequencies of naive B cells were specifically identified only in pet shop mice. In aged SPF mice specifically the frequencies of splenic IgM(+) plasma cells, CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg were increased as compared to pet shop mice and young mice. Conclusions: Our study dissects firstly how ageing impacts both innate and adaptive immune cells in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Secondly, it partly distinguishes murine intrinsic immune ageing alterations from those induced by physiological pathogen challenges highlighting the importance of designing mouse models for their use in preclinical research including vaccines and immunotherapies.
Critical Notice of John Heil, From an Ontological Point of View [Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003]
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: This book has three messages to offer. The first is metaphilosophical, and is clearly stated at the beginning: honest philosophy requires “what the Australians call ontological seriousness”. The second is methodological: the idea that the character of reality can be ‘read off’ our linguistic representations of it—or our suitably regimented linguistic representations—is both wrong and pernicious. Among other things, it is responsible for the pervasive tendency to posit different levels of being, which in turn generates a myriad of philosophical puzzles that on closer look are just “puzzles of our own making”. Finally, the third message is strictly philosophical and involves a detailed articulation and defence of Heil’s own serious, one-level ontology, the central ingredients of which are properties, understood as ways particular objects are, and objects, understood as things that are various ways. Heil argues that this view fits well with what we have learned or might learn from the empirical sciences as well as with ordinary canons of plausibility. He then proceeds to apply the view to a number of topics that feature prominently in current philosophical literature, such as identity, colour, intentionality, and consciousness.
Ausstiegsbegleitung und Deradikalisierung in Deutschland : eher C64 als PlayStation 4?
Creators: name: Meier, Bernd-Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Prävention
subject: Radikalisierung
subject: Extremismusprävention
subject: Präventionsforschung
subject: Ausstiegshilfe
subject: Kriminologie
subject: Qualitative Studie

description: akzeptierte Manuskriptversion
«FANTASIA PARA DOIS CORONÉIS E UMA PISCINA», MÁRIO DE CARVALHO, LISBOA: CAMINHO, 2003
Creators: name: Pinto Miranda, Maria De Fátima
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: .
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Rotating D0-branes and consistent truncations of supergravity
Creators: name: Anabalon, Andres
name: Ortiz, Thomas
name: Samtleben, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuations around the D0-brane near-horizon geometry are described by two-dimensional SO(9) gauged maximal supergravity. We work out the U(1)^4 truncation of this theory whose scalar sector consists of five dilaton and four axion fields. We construct the full non-linear Kaluza-Klein ansatz for the embedding of the dilaton sector into type IIA supergravity. This yields a consistent truncation around a geometry which is the warped product of a two-dimensional domain wall and the sphere S^8. As an application, we consider the solutions corresponding to rotating D0-branes which in the near-horizon limit approach AdS2xM8 geometries, and discuss their thermodynamical properties. More generally, we study the appearance of such solutions in the presence of non-vanishing axion fields.
description: 16 pages, no figures
CADD-Splice—improving genome-wide variant effect prediction using deep learning-derived splice scores
Creators: name: Rentzsch, Philipp
name: Schubach, Max
name: Shendure, Jay
name: Kircher, Martin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD)
subject: Splicing of genomic exons into mRNAs
subject: Machine learning methods
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Splicing of genomic exons into mRNAs is a critical prerequisite for the accurate synthesis of human proteins. Genetic variants impacting splicing underlie a substantial proportion of genetic disease, but are challenging to identify beyond those occurring at donor and acceptor dinucleotides. To address this, various methods aim to predict variant effects on splicing. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to achieve better results in predicting splice variants than other strategies. Methods: It has been unclear how best to integrate such process-specific scores into genome-wide variant effect predictors. Here, we use a recently published experimental data set to compare several machine learning methods that score variant effects on splicing. We integrate the best of those approaches into general variant effect prediction models and observe the effect on classification of known pathogenic variants. Results: We integrate two specialized splicing scores into CADD (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion; cadd.gs.washington.edu), a widely used tool for genome-wide variant effect prediction that we previously developed to weight and integrate diverse collections of genomic annotations. With this new model, CADD-Splice, we show that inclusion of splicing DNN effect scores substantially improves predictions across multiple variant categories, without compromising overall performance. Conclusions: While splice effect scores show superior performance on splice variants, specialized predictors cannot compete with other variant scores in general variant interpretation, as the latter account for nonsense and missense effects that do not alter splicing. Although only shown here for splice scores, we believe that the applied approach will generalize to other specific molecular processes, providing a path for the further improvement of genome-wide variant effect prediction.
Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor thrombus entering the right atrium treated with combining percutaneous and intravenous high-dose-rate brachytherapy: a case report
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, Florian Nima
name: Jonczyk, Martin
name: Can, Elif
name: Lüdemann, Willie Magnus
name: Savic, Lynn Jeanette
name: Maleitzke, Tazio
name: Krenzien, Felix
name: Gebauer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Advanced HCC
subject: BCLC
subject: locoregional therapy
subject: transvascular treatment
subject: brachytherapy
subject: atrial tumor invasion
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The presented report describes a case of a Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor thrombus (TT) infiltrating the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right atrium (RA) in a 66-year old male patient who initially presented with TT related symptoms. CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) was performed for both, the intraparenchymal primary and the TT. A marked improvement of the tumor-related symptoms and shrinkage of the tumor mass were achieved six months after treatment initiation. The combination of intravascular and percutaneous HDRBT demonstrating a promising approach to palliate tumor-related symptoms in advanced HCC with macrovascular invasion.
Review of Benjamin Morison, On Location: Aristotle’s Concept of Space [Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002]
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: Aristotle’s account of place is one of the most puzzling chapters in Aristotle’s Physics. Almost no one has taken it seriously, let alone endorsed it, but almost everybody has felt the need to refute it when providing a different theory. In On Location—the first book in English entirely devoted to this topic—Benjamin Morison sets out to change the map by offering both a comprehensive exposition of Aristotle’s conception and, equally importantly, a rehabilitation of that conception as a piece of philosophy of enduring interest and value. The exposition is clear, the scholarship meticulous. The philosophical rehabilitation is incisive and well-argued, often dwelling on intricate issues that occupy a prominent position in recent metaphysical debates (such as the nature of material
constitution or the possibility of spatial co-location). So the outcome is an enticing piece of work that will be of interest not only to Aristotelian scholars, but to anybody interested in the metaphysical question of what it is for something to be somewhere
Three-dimensional simulator: training for beginners in endovascular embolization with liquid agents
Creators: name: Matyjas, Michal
name: Sauerbrey, Marius
name: Wyschkon, Sebastian
name: Bucourt, Maximilian De
name: Scheel, Michael
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Embolization
subject: therapeutic
subject: Simulation
subject: Training
subject: Radiology
subject: interventional
subject: Endovascular procedures
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: To design a simulator for novices without prior experience in embolization with liquid agents such as n-Butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and to evaluate the simulator using surveys and post hoc video analysis. Materials and methods: The simulator was created using computer-aided design software and three-dimensionally printed. Before an embolization, trainees completed questionnaires regarding their level of expertise and self-reported confidence level. The participants were shown an instruction video and each participant performed four embolizations on the simulator. Subsequently, the participants completed surveys on self-reported confidence level and assessed the simulator's face and content validity. Results: Five experts and twelve novices trained on the simulator. The experts were radiology residents and fellows with at least 5 years of work experience in interventional radiology. The novices were medical students and radiology residents without any previous experience with embolization. Based on the surveys, the experts assessed the simulator as very useful for embolization training. Performance, e.g. mean duration embolization between experts (mean +/- standard deviation = 189 +/- 42 s) and novices (mean +/- standard deviation = 235 +/- 66 s) were significantly different (p = .001). The overall simulation of the embolization process, simulated complications, and educational capabilities of the simulator were evaluated positively. In the novice group the self-reported confidence level significantly increased (p = .001). Conclusion: The liquid embolization simulator proposed here is a suitable educational tool for training embolization procedures. It reduces the duration of embolization procedures and improves the confidence level of beginners in embolization.
Trajectories of depression in sepsis survivors: an observational cohort study
Creators: name: Boede, Monique
name: Gensichen, Jochen S.
name: Jackson, James C.
name: Eißler, Fiene
name: Lehmann, Thomas
name: Schulz, Sven
name: Petersen, Juliana J.
name: Wolf, Florian P.
name: Dreischulte, Tobias
name: Schmidt, Konrad F. R.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sepsis
subject: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS)
subject: Depression
subject: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
subject: Chronic pain
subject: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
subject: Comorbidity
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Advances in critical care medicine have led to a growing number of critical illness survivors. A considerable part of them suffers from long-term sequelae, also known as post-intensive care syndrome. Among these, depressive symptoms are frequently observed. Depressive symptom trajectories and associated factors of critical illness survivors have rarely been investigated. Study objective was to explore and compare different trajectories of depressive symptoms in sepsis survivors over 1 year after discharge from ICU. Methods: Data of a randomized controlled trial on long-term post-sepsis care were analyzed post hoc. Depressive symptoms were collected at 1, 6 and 12 months post-ICU discharge using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), among others. Statistical analyses comprised descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate, linear and logistic regression models and Growth Mixture Modeling. Results: A total of 224 patients were included into this analysis. We identified three latent classes of depressive symptom trajectories: Over the course of 1 year, 152 patients recovered from mild symptoms, 27 patients showed severe persistent symptoms, and 45 patients recovered from severe symptoms. MDI sum scores significantly differed between the three classes of depressive symptom trajectories at 1 and 6 months after ICU discharge (p < 0.024 and p < 0.001, respectively). Compared with other classes, patients with the mild recovered trajectory showed lower levels of chronic pain (median sum score of 43.3 vs. 60.0/53.3 on the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, p < 0.010) and posttraumatic stress (4.6% with a sum score of >= 35 on the Posttraumatic Stress Scale 10 vs. 48.1%/33.3%, p < 0.003); and higher levels of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the Short Form-36 scale within 1 month after ICU discharge (p < 0.035). Conclusions: In the first year after discharge from ICU, sepsis survivors showed three different trajectories of depressive symptoms. Course and severity of depressive symptoms were associated with chronic pain, posttraumatic stress and reduced HRQOL at discharge from ICU. Regular screening of sepsis survivors on symptoms of depression, chronic pain and posttraumatic stress within 1 year after ICU may be considered.
«EIN TISCH IST EIN TISCH» PETER BICHSEL
Creators: name: Disciplina De Língua Alemã, Alunos Da Turma Da Licenciatura Em Tradução E Interpretação Especializadas
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: .
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Infrared composition of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Siudek, M.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
name: Ita, Y.
name: Kato, D.
name: Onaka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of galaxies and the history of star formation in the Universe are among the most important topics in today's astrophysics. Especially, the role of small, irregular galaxies in the star-formation history of the Universe is not yet clear. Using the data from the AKARI IRC survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at 3.2, 7, 11, 15, and 24 μm wavelengths, i.e., at the mid- and near-infrared, we have constructed a multiwavelength catalog containing data from a cross-correlation with a number of other databases at different wavelengths. We present the separation of different classes of stars in the LMC in color-color, and color-magnitude, diagrams, and analyze their contribution to the total LMC flux, related to point sources at different infrared wavelengths.
TRADUÇÃO DO GLOSSÁRIO DA OBRA «REVISING AND EDITING FOR TRANSLATORS» DE BRIAN MOSSOP
Creators: name: Carvalho, Paula
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: .
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
MUDANÇA LINGUÍSTICA EM PORTUGUÊS: ASPECTOS SOCIOLINGUÍSTICOS DA NEOLOGIA
Creators: name: Castro Fernandes, Joana
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Neste estudo, proponho-me reflectir sobre o conceito de neologismo, com vista a analisar o contributo deste fenómeno para a mudança linguística do português. Discutirei a relevância de alguns dos critérios propostos por Cabré (1993) e pela Rede Panlatina de Terminologia para a identificação do fenómeno neológico, sustentando-me na observação de dados linguísticos relacionados com o domínio da aprendizagem electrónica. É meu propósito ponderar as motivações sociolinguísticas da neologia e analisar possíveis implicações deste processo de criação lexical no tecido linguístico português contemporâneo e no contexto educativo do ensino superior.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
HEADING EAST THIS TIME: CRITICAL READINGS ON GENDER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Creators: name: Sarmento, Clara
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: This essay intends to discuss some critical readings of fictional and theoretical texts on gender condition in Southeast Asian countries. Nowadays, many texts about women in Southeast Asia apply concepts of power in unusual areas. Traditional forms of gender hegemony have been replaced by other powerful, if somewhat more covert, forms. We will discuss some universal values concerning conventional female roles as well as the strategies used to recognize women in political fields traditionally characterized by male dominance. Female empowerment will mean different things at different times in history, as a result of culture, local geography and individual circumstances. Empowerment needs to be perceived as an individual attitude, but it also has to be facilitated at the macrolevel by society and the State. Gender is very much at the heart of all these dynamics, strongly related to specificities of historical, cultural, ethnic and class situatedness, requiring an interdisciplinary transnational approach.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
THE REBIRTH OF AN OLD LANGUAGE: ISSUES OF GENDER EQUALITY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Creators: name: Guimarães, Maria Helena
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: The existing language situation in Kazakhstan, while peaceful, is not without some tension. We propose to analyze here some questions we consider relevant in the frame of cultural globalization and gender equality, such as: free from Russian imperialism, could Kazakhstan become an easy prey of Turkey’s “imperialist dream”? Could these traditionally Muslim people be soon facing the end of religious tolerance and gender equality, becoming this new old language an easy instrument for the infiltration in the country of fundamentalism (it has already crossed the boarders of Uzbekistan), leading to a gradual deterioration of its rich multicultural relations? The present structure of the language is still very fragile: there are three main dialects and many academics defend the re-introduction of the Latin alphabet, thus enlarging the possibility of cultural “contamination” by making the transmission of fundamentalist ideas still easier through neighbour countries like Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (their languages belong to the same sub-group of Common Turkic), where the Latin alphabet is already in use, and where the ground for such ideas shown itself very fruitful.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
CONSTRUCTION OF WOMANHOOD IN THE BENGALI LANGUAGE OF BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Mahmood, Raassheed
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: The present essay attempts to explore the role of gender-based language differences and of certain markers that reveal the status accorded to women in Bangladesh. Discrimination against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, race, age, and religious and national boundaries. One cannot understand the problems of gender discrimination solely by referring to the relationship of power or authority between men and women. Rather one needs to consider the problem by relating it to the specific social formation in which the image of masculinity and femininity is constructed and reconstructed. Following such line of reasoning this essay will examine the nature of gender bias in the Bengali language of Bangladesh, holding the conviction that as a product of social reality language reflects the socio-cultural behaviour of the community who speaks it. This essay will also attempt to shed some light on the processes through which gender based language differences produce actual consequences for women, who become exposed to low self-esteem, depression and systematic exclusion from public discourse.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Large-scale insect outbreak homogenizes the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities
Creators: Pec, G. J.
Cahill J. F.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (plant symbionts) are diverse and exist within spatially variable communities that play fundamental roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying ecological mechanisms that maintain and regulate the spatial structuring of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities are both complex and remain poorly understood. Here, we use a gradient of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) induced tree mortality across eleven stands in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of western Canada to investigate: (i) the degree to which spatial structure varies within this fungal group, and (ii) how these patterns may be driven by the relative importance of tree mortality from changes in understory plant diversity, productivity and fine root biomass following tree death. We found that the homogeneity of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community increased with increasing tree death, aboveground understory productivity and diversity. Whereas, the independent effect of fine root biomass, which declined along the same gradient of tree mortality, increased the heterogeneity of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community. Together, our results demonstrate that large-scale biotic disturbance homogenizes the spatial patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities.
THE LINGUISTIC DIMENSION OF GENDER EQUALITY: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: V. Tolstokorova, Alissa
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
SOCIAL GENDER STEREOTYPES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN HINDI
Creators: name: Pande, Anjali
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: This essay looks at the subtle ways in which gender identities are constructed and reinforced in India through social norms of language use. Language itself becomes a medium for perpetuating gender stereotypes, forcing its speakers to confirm to socially defined gender roles. Using examples from a classroom discussion about a film, this essay will highlight the underlying rigid male-female stereotypes in Indian society with their more obvious expressions in language. For the urban woman in India globalisation meant increased economic equality and exposure to changed lifestyles. On an individual level it also meant redefining gender relations and changing the hierarchy in man-woman relationships. With the economic independence there is a heightened sense of liberation in all spheres of social life, a confidence to fuzz the rigid boundaries of gender roles. With the new films and media celebrating this liberated woman, who is ready to assert her sexual needs, who is ready to explode those long held notions of morality, one would expect that the changes are not just superficial. But as it soon became obvious in the course of a classroom discussion about relationships and stereotypes related to age, the surface changes can not become part of the common vocabulary, for the obvious reason that there is still a vast gap between the screen image of this new woman and the ground reality. Social considerations define the limits of this assertiveness of women, whereas men are happy to be liberal within the larger frame of social sanctions. The educated urban woman in India speaks in favour of change and the educated urban male supports her, but one just needs to scratch the surface to see the time tested formulae of gender roles firmly in place. The way the urban woman happily balances this emerging promise of independence with her gendered social identity, makes it necessary to rethink some aspects of looking at gender in a gradually changing, traditional society like India.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
«THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY»: BELEZA, ARTE, REPRESENTAÇÃO
Creators: name: Azevedo Pataco, Teresa Alexandra
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: A escolha da obra The Picture of Dorian Gray para objecto de uma análise literária de pendor retórico-estilístico é, acima de tudo, fruto de um gosto muito pessoal. Partindo da leitura rigorosa da obra em questão, concentrámo-nos inicialmente no particular de forma a tentar chegar a características distintivas da produção literária de Wilde. Esta afigurou-se-nos como a melhor estratégia para atingir o objectivo que nos propúnhamos: reconhecer a existência de um padrão específico na escrita do autor e estabelecer a forma como esse padrão exemplifica uma determinada época literária. E assim foi possível descortinar que Oscar Wilde dá ao mundo um único romance onde são profundamente explorados os ideais da Arte recriada, da Beleza reabilitada e das suas Representações teatrais. The Picture of Dorian Gray abre vários precedentes literários, de entre os quais se destaca a coragem de assumir na forma os preceitos convencionados pelos estetas para a vida quotidiana. Os leitores conquistados por tais técnicas são recompensados com a sensação por vezes indefinível de terem apreciado o mais recôndito da alma humana.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
«MAD ABOUT YOU» DA TRADUÇÃO À LEGENDAGEM DE AUDIOVISUAIS
Creators: name: Ramalho Almeida, Paula
name: Duarte, Pedro
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: A partir de um trabalho de um aluno realizado no âmbito do Seminário de Tradução e Legendagem, da Licenciatura em Línguas e Secretariado - Ramo de Tradução e Interpretação Especializadas, no Instituto Superior de Contabilidade de Administração do Porto, são apresentadas soluções de tradução e de legendagem para um episódio da sitcom americana Mad About You. Esta reflexão é contextualizada por um breve historial do seminário e uma apresentação sucinta de formas de trabalho adoptadas ao longo das sessões, com o objectivo de integrar as perspectivas de professora e aluno.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
GRAPHEME-TO-PHONE TRANSCRIPTION ALGORITHM FOR TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYSTEMS IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE
Creators: name: Braga, Daniela
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: In this paper, a linguistically rule-based grapheme-to-phone (G2P) transcription algorithm is described for European Portuguese (EP). A G2P, together with the stress determination and the syllable division, is an essential tool in the general architecture of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. The G2P is part of the text pre-processing module of the TTS system and its purpose is to convert text into a phonetic transcription that is interpreted by the synthesis engine. A complete set of phonological and phonetic transcription rules regarding the European Portuguese standard variety is presented. This algorithm was implemented under the C++ framework and tested by using online newspaper articles. The obtained experimental results gave rise to 98,80% of accuracy rate. Future developments in order to increase this value are foreseen. Our purpose with this work is to develop a module/tool that can improve synthetic speech naturalness in European Portuguese. Other applications of this system can be expected like language teaching/learning. These results, together with our perspectives of future improvements, have proved the dramatic importance of linguistic knowledge on the development of TTS. The present paper is organized as follows: in section 1, it is made the state-of-the-art on this subject and the justification of our approach; in section 2, the annotation conventions are described, the G2P algorithm is presented and some details on the implementation are shown; in section 3, results are discussed and in section 4 some conclusions and future work are presented.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
FINNISH KULLERVO AND CHINESE KUNGFU
Creators: name: Chen, Chapman
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: There are many important Finnish plays but, due to language barrier, Finnish drama is seldom exported, particularly to Hong Kong and China. Objective: To find out differences in mentality between the Finnish and Chinese peoples by comparing the partially localized Chinese translation of Aleksis Kivi’s tragedy, Kullervo, with genuine Chinese martial arts literature. Methodology: 1. Chapman Chen has translated the Finnish classic, Kullervo, directly from Finnish into Chinese and published it in 2005. 2. In Chen's Chinese translation, cultural markers a re domesticated. On the other hand, values, characterization, plot, and rhythm remain unchanged. 3. According to Gideon Tory, the translator has to strike a golden mean between the norms of the source language and the target language. 4. Lau Tingci lists and explicates the essential components of martial arts drama. 5. According to Ehrnrooth s “Mentality”, equality is the most important value in Finnish culture. Findings: i. Finland emphasizes independence while China emphasizes bilateral relationships. ii. The Finnish people loves freedom, but Gai Sizung argues that the Chinese e Finnish people loves freedom, but Gai Sizung argues that the Chinese people is slavish. iii. Finns are mature while many Chinese are, according to Sun LungFinns are mature while many Chinese are, according to Sun Lung--kee (“The Deep Structure of Chinese CultureDeep Structure of Chinese Culture”; “The Deep Structure of Chinese Sexuality”), fixated at the oral and anal stages. iv. Finnish society highly values equality while Chinese interpersonal relationships are extremely complicated and hierachical. If Kullervo were a genuine Chinese kungfu story, the plot would be much more convoluted. Conclusion: The differences between Finnish and Chinese mentalities are so significant that partially localized or adapted Chinese translations of Finnish drama may still be able to introduce Finnish culture to the Chinese audience.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Review of Susan Haack, Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism [Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1996]
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: This book has three main parts. As a defense of a philosophical position, Deviant
Logic retains its significance. But to the extent that Haack’s position combines a commitment (in principle) to the revisability of classical logic with a reluctance (in practice) to endorse any deviant system available on the market, to that extent the thesis itself calls for an update. The 1996 introduction goes a few steps in this direction. There is a brief dismissal of such new forms of “Logical Extremism” as dialethic logic and “feminist logic”. And there is, by contrast, a suggestion that some revision of classical logic might eventually come from “the efforts to achieve a better understanding of the propositional attitudes and modality, on the one hand, and explorations and  reinterpretations prompted by the desire to overcome the restriction of quantification to individual variables, on the other”. But such remarks are dropped without elaboration, and the light they shed on Haack’s views is barely enough to make one wish she had gone on and said more.
«FIN DE PARTIE»: L’INFINI RECOMMENCEMENT DE RIEN
Creators: name: Pinho Lucas De Freitas De Carvalho Pedrosa, Lúcia Margarida
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Dans Fin de partie, Beckett se révèle de nouveau un maître du théâtre de l’âme, mais d’une façon pas du tout conventionnelle. On doit classer cette pièce dans l’antithéâtre parce qu’elle manque d’intrigue, il n’y a que de situations cycliques toujours répétées, le temps ne veut pas passer, c’est plutôt un moment éternel, les personnages manquent de consistance et d’individualité : ils sont davantage des incarnations d’attitudes humaines, et ils parlent un langage décousu, un bourdonnement dépourvu de sens. Bien que tous ces aspects contribuent à l’ambiguïté de la pièce, rien n’y est laissé au hasard : tout sert à communiquer l’incommunicable. La scène se passe dans un lieu clos, avec une lumière crépusculaire qui suggère la fin du jour. Les personnages et les objets se trouvent dans des poubelles (Nagg et Nell) ou couverts par des draps : peu à peu, les objets et les personnages se dévoilent d’une façon fragmentée. C’est Clov qui nous dit qu’il s’agit de la fin de quelque chose, mais déjà le décor, la lumière, la déchéance physique des personnages et les dialogues à peine esquissés suggèrent un stage final qui n’en finit plus, qui devient un moment éternel, car la mort, elle non plus, ne se présente pas comme une solution pour le problème de notre existence absurde. Et nous voilà de nouveau face à face avec l’absurdité de la condition humaine, où l’homme se sent privé de toute certitude et incapable de découvrir un sens à son existence. Le tragique de la condition humaine, et le désir de lui mettre fin est le fil conducteur de Fin de partie. Les personnages montrent tout au long de la pièce que la condition humaine est intolérable et qu’ils sont écrasés par la routine et l’ennui. Ils se sentent perdus et abandonnés par un dieu quiconque, un monstre qui a créé la nature humaine. La vie est une pile de moments infernaux ; tout le monde est dans l’attente de quelqu’un ou d’un événement qui puisse changer son cours. Mais rien ne change, les personnages sont trop passifs – Clov se prépare pour son voyage, cependant, au lieu de partir, il reste là, immobile, jusqu’à la fin. Mais c’est juste pour ce danger que Beckett veut nous alerter : si nous ne faisons pas usage de notre liberté en nous recréant par une succession de choix, nous serons damnés, c’est-à-dire, condamnés à vivre dans le désespoir, le néant, l’absurde – la vie sera toujours un infini recommencement de rien.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
ARTIGO ACADÊMICO: ESPAÇO DE POSICIONAMENTOS E NEGOCIAÇÕES
Creators: name: Gadelha Bernardino, Cibele
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa mais ampla cuja questão central diz respeito a como os pesquisadores constroem seus posicionamentos e suas interações em artigos experimentais e artigos teóricos da área de Lingüística. Os resultados apresentados advêm de um momento desta pesquisa no qual me dediquei a reconhecer, mapear e analisar os marcadores de atenuação e ênfase (Hyland, 2000) que, de forma mais relevante, constroem significados interpessoais de posicionamento e interação do pesquisador-autor na produção de exemplares de artigos experimentais e de artigos teóricos (Swales, 2004).
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Novel double nanopore platforms for protein sensing and single-molecule manipulation
Creators: name: Campolo, Giulia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: In the last decade, solid-state nanopores have emerged as a powerful single-molecule detection technique. Their versatility, simple operating principles, and minimal sample preparation make them promising candidates for a wide range of biophysical studies. However, the current state-of-the-art suffers from low selectivity, inadequate sensitivity for small analytes, and a lack of control over molecular transport, limiting their practical applications. In this work, we exploit the versatility of nanopipettes, an inexpensive sub-set of solid-state nanopores, to counteract these challenges. A variety of analytes was used for this study, but particular attention was placed on alpha-synuclein, a small unfolded protein predominantly found in the brain. In recent years, abnormal self-aggregation of alpha-synuclein has been identified as a potential biomarker for Parkison's disese, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The heterogeneous and dynamic system formed by the oligomers, together with the monomers' small size makes their study and detection under current methodologies particularly challenging, and therefore a perfect candidate for single-molecule sensing using nanopores. We present two novel platforms, the nanobridge and the double barrel nanopore, based on double-barrel nanopipettes. In the nanobridge, enhanced sensitivity was obtained by confining biomolecules in a zeptolitre (10-21 L) volume. We demonstrate that the molecular confinement increased temporal resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios, allowing the detection of analytes that cannot be probed in more conventional nanopore architectures, such as small proteins. In the double barrel nanopore, two independently addressable nanopores separated by a 20 nm gap were used to tune the forces exerted onto a single DNA molecule. This technique allowed to finely control the transport of molecules between the pore with almost 100 % efficiency and increase temporal resolutions by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the platform was capable of obtaining multiple readings of a single protein. Finally, we introduce an original aptamer-based DNA carrier capable of selective detection of proteins in solution, which can be used in concomitance with the aforementioned double barrel architecture.