cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An artificial neural network framework for reduced order modeling of transient flows
Creators: name: San, Omer
name: Maulik, Romit
name: Ahmed, Mansoor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proposes a supervised machine learning framework for the non-intrusive model order reduction of unsteady fluid flows to provide accurate predictions of non-stationary state variables when the control parameter values vary. Our approach utilizes a training process from full-order scale direct numerical simulation data projected on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes to achieve an artificial neural network (ANN) model with reduced memory requirements. This data-driven ANN framework allows for a nonlinear time evolution of the modal coefficients without performing a Galerkin projection. Our POD-ANN framework can thus be considered an equation-free approach for latent space dynamics evolution of nonlinear transient systems and can be applied to a wide range of physical and engineering applications. Within this framework we introduce two architectures, namely sequential network (SN) and residual network (RN), to train the trajectory of modal coefficients. We perform a systematic analysis of the performance of the proposed reduced order modeling approaches on prediction of a nonlinear wave-propagation problem governed by the viscous Burgers equation, a simplified prototype setting for transient flows. We find that the POD-ANN-RN yields stable and accurate results for test problems assessed both within inside and outside of the database range and performs significantly better than the standard intrusive Galerkin projection model. Our results show that the proposed framework provides a non-intrusive alternative to the evolution of transient physics in a POD basis spanned space, and can be used as a robust predictive model order reduction tool for nonlinear dynamical systems.
Additional file 4 of The principles of physical restraint use for hospitalized elderly people: an integrated literature review
Creators: name: Sharifi, Azam
name: Arsalani, Narges
name: Fallahi-Khoshknab, Masoud
name: Mohammadi-Shahbolaghi, Farahnaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Characteristics of the included documents. The characteristics of documents included in the present study.
FRACTIONAL RADIOFREQUENCY MICRONEEDLING FOR SKIN REJUVENATION
Creators: name: Vaisov, I.A.
name: Khaydarova, N.U.
name: Jandarbekova, Sh. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The use of microneedling with or without radiofrequency continues to expand in aesthetics. There are now many different devices available that have multiple indications, unique protocols, and low side effect profiles.
Enabling grid-based hydrogen production with low embodied emissions in the United States
Creators: name: Ricks, Wilson
name: Xu, Qingyu
name: Jenkins, Jesse D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Low-carbon hydrogen could be an important component of a net-zero carbon economy, helping to mitigate emissions in a number of hard-to-abate sectors. The United States recently introduced an escalating production tax credit (PTC) to incentivize production of hydrogen meeting increasingly stringent embodied emissions thresholds. Hydrogen produced via electrolysis can qualify for the full subsidy if the input electricity is generated by carbon-free resources, but may fail to do so if emitting resources are present in the generation mix. While use of behind-the-meter clean resources can guarantee compliance with emissions thresholds, the PTC could also be structured to allow producers using grid electricity to qualify subject to certain clean energy procurement requirements. In this work we model the evolution of the power sector in the western United States through 2030 to assess the emissions impact of the clean hydrogen PTC under multiple possible implementations. We find that with no requirements for grid-connected hydrogen producers to procure clean electricity, embodied emissions from hydrogen produced via electrolysis in California are worse than those from hydrogen produced via conventional, unabated fossil pathways. By contrast, requiring producers to match 100% of their electricity consumption on an hourly basis with locally-procured, 'additional' clean generation ensures embodied emissions rates equivalent to those of behind-the-meter installations. Failure to meet requirements for hourly matching, locality, or additionality of procured clean generation can result in significant excess emissions. Added hydrogen production costs from enforcing an effective hourly matching requirement rather than no requirements are less than $1/kg, and can be near zero if clean, firm electricity resources are available for procurement. Raw input and results data used in this work are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141069
Space-Time Quasicrystal Structures and Inflationary and Late Time Evolution Dynamics in Accelerating Cosmology
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C45, 83C99, 53D55, 53B40, 53B35

description: We construct new classes of cosmological solutions in modified and Einstein gravity theories encoding space-time quasicrystal, STQC, configurations modelled by nonlinear self-organized and pattern forming quasi-periodic structures. Such solutions are defined by generic off-diagonal locally anisotropic and inhomogeneous metrics depending via generating and integration functions on all spacetime coordinates. There are defined nonholonomic variables and conditions for the generating/integration functions and sources for effective descriptions, or approximations, as "quasi" Friedmann-Lamaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metrics. Such (off-) diagonal STQC-FLRW configurations contain memory on nonlinear classical and/or quantum interactions and may describe new acceleration cosmology scenarios. For special time-periodic conditions on nonlinear gravitational and matter field interactions, we can model at cosmological scales certain analogous of time crystal like structures originally postulated by Frank Wilczek in condensed matter physics. We speculate how STQC quasi-FLRW configurations could explain modern cosmology data and provide viable descriptions for the inflation and structure formation in our Universe. Finally, it is discussed systematically and critically how a unified description of inflation with dark energy era can be explained by (modified) cosmological STQC-scenarios.
description: latex 2e, 11pt, 40 pages with a table of content, version 3 modified following editor's requests and accepted to CQG
Transactive Memory Systems in Undergraduate Information Systems Student Project Groups
Creators: name: Taglieri, Lauren
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80609 Information Systems Management
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Today, group collaboration is becoming more and more vital in the workplace. Hence, undergraduate curriculums must be updated to include group project courses that help to prepare students for their postgraduation work. This research focuses on how the theoretical foundation of transactive memory systems (TMS), or the collective awareness of the group’s specialization, coordination, and credibility, influences a group’s overall performance. These influences were analyzed through the use of focus groups, a TMS survey, and follow-up interviews with student groups in an undergraduate Information Systems project course (67-373) at Carnegie Mellon University. It was found that although determining the strength of a student group’s TMS provides a small window into how that group is working together, TMS does not provide the whole picture of group collaboration. In order to be successful as a group, students must recognize the importance of the group formation process and understand that a group is a living organism that needs constant management over time. Therefore, if student groups focus on developing a structure that fits their initial needs and continually update this structure based on changes that occur over time, they will be more prepared to effectively collaborate on their project.
On the Evaluation of Threshold Effects in Processes Involving Heavy Quarks
Creators: name: Yndurain, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed evaluation is presented of production of heavy fermions (particularly ttbar quarks) by a vector current, in the region around threshold. This includes bound states as well as the region above threshold, to the same degree of accuracy; in both cases radiative and nonperturbative corrections are included. The contribution of this region to the vacuum polarization (``threshold effects'') is calculated and compared with a perturbative calculation; the importance of the threshold effects is found substantially smaller than claimed by some authors. Open fermion-antifermion production is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, preprint FTUAM 38/93
Minimizing emissions from grid-based hydrogen production in the United States
Creators: name: Ricks, Wilson
name: Xu, Qingyu
name: Jenkins, Jesse D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Low-carbon hydrogen could be an important component of a net-zero carbon economy, helping to mitigate emissions in a number of hard-to-abate sectors. The United States recently introduced an escalating production tax credit (PTC) to incentivize production of hydrogen meeting increasingly stringent embodied emissions thresholds. Hydrogen produced via electrolysis can qualify for the full subsidy under current federal accounting standards if the input electricity is generated by carbon-free resources, but may fail to do so if emitting resources are present in the generation mix. While use of behind-the-meter carbon-free electricity inputs can guarantee compliance with this standard, the PTC could also be structured to allow producers using grid-supplied electricity to qualify subject to certain clean energy procurement requirements. We use electricity system capacity expansion modeling to quantitatively assess the impact of grid-connected electrolysis on the evolution of the power sector in the western United States through 2030 under multiple possible implementations of the clean hydrogen PTC. We find that subsidized grid-connected hydrogen production has the potential to induce additional emissions at effective rates worse than those of conventional, fossil-based hydrogen production pathways, particularly in regions where coal is a large part of the generation mix. Emissions can be minimized by requiring grid-based hydrogen producers to match 100% of their electricity consumption on an hourly basis with physically deliverable, 'additional' clean generation, which ensures effective emissions rates equivalent to electrolysis exclusively supplied by behind-the-meter carbon-free generation. While these requirements cannot eliminate indirect emissions caused by competition for limited clean resources, they consistently outperform alternative approaches relying on relaxed time matching or marginal emissions accounting. Added hydrogen production costs from enforcing an hourly matching requirement rather than no requirements are less than $1/kg, and can be near zero if clean, firm electricity resources are available for procurement. Raw input and results data used in this work are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141069
Tones or Noise: How Previous Linguistic Experience Affects Lexical Processing of Tone
Creators: name: Amritha  Mallikarjun
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The input people receive in their native language shapes their perceptual understanding of unfamiliar speech. Infants tend to under-generalize their speech input; when presented with words in a specific affect or pitch, they fail to recognize the word if it is subsequently presented in a different affect or pitch (Houston & Jusczyk, 2000, Singh et al., 2008). As infants get older they focus only on the aspects of speech that provide important lexical information to them. For example, Japanese speakers cannot perceive the difference between /r/ and /l/ because their language groups these two sounds together in one phoneme, and as such they have difficulty learning words in English that require an r/l distinction to use properly, like [rip] and [lip]. This study will explore the differences in perceptual understanding between Mandarin speakers and English speakers in a statistical learning paradigm. The participants will listen to words that either have a consistent Mandarin tone associated with them or a random tone. We expect that the Mandarin speakers, who store tone contour as an important aspect of words, would have trouble with an inconsistent tone cue, while English speakers would disregard the tone cue entirely and perform similarly in both conditions.
title: [Neue Nr. 4325] Nörten [Nörten-Hardenberg] / Geologische Karte
title: Geologische Karte 1:25000
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: [Sheet No 4325] ; Nörten [Nörten-Hardenberg] ; geological map
Creators: name: Koenen, Adolf Von
Publisher: name: Kraatz, Berlin
Year: 1895

description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
description: map
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
Harnessing Electrical Power from Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Circular Cylinder
Creators: name: Soti, Atul Kumar
name: Thompson, Mark C.
name: Sheridan, John
name: Bhardwaj, Rajneesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of electrical power from Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) of a cylinder is investigated numerically. The cylinder is free to oscillate in the direction transverse to the incoming flow. The cylinder is attached to a magnet that can move along the axis of a coil made from conducting wire. The magnet and the coil together constitute a basic electrical generator. When the cylinder undergoes VIV, the motion of the magnet creates a voltage across the coil, which is connected to a resistive load. By Lenz's law, induced current in the coil applies a retarding force to the magnet. Effectively, the electrical generator applies a damping force on the cylinder with a spatially varying damping coefficient. For the initial investigation reported here, the Reynolds number is restricted to Re < 200, so that the flow is laminar and two-dimensional (2D). The incompressible 2D Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an extensively validated spectral-element based solver. The effects of the electromagnetic (EM) damping constant xi_m, coil dimensions (radius a, length L), and mass ratio on the electrical power extracted are quantified. It is found that there is an optimal value of xi_m (xi_opt) at which maximum electrical power is generated. As the radius or length of the coil is increased, the value of xi_opt is observed to increase. Although the maximum average power remains the same, a larger coil radius or length results in a more robust system in the sense that a relatively large amount of power can be extracted when xi_m is far from xi_opt, unlike the constant damping ratio case. The average power output is also a function of Reynolds number, primarily through the increased maximum oscillation amplitude that occurs with increased Reynolds number at least within the laminar range, although the general qualitative findings seem likely to carry across to high Reynolds number VIV.
A General Approach for Computing a Consensus in Group Decision Making That Integrates Multiple Ethical Principles
Creators: name: Salas-Molina, Francisco
name: Bistaffa, Filippo
name: Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 90B50, 91B14

description: We tackle the problem of computing a consensus according to multiple ethical principles -- which can include, for example, the principle of maximum freedom associated with the Benthamite doctrine and the principle of maximum fairness associated with the Rawlsian principles -- among the preferences of different individuals in the context of Group-Decision-Making. More formally, we put forward a novel formalisation of the above-mentioned problem based on a multinorm approximation problem that aims at minimising multiple p-metric distance functions, where each parameter p represents a given ethical principle. Our contribution incurs obvious benefits from a social-choice perspective. Firstly, our approach significantly generalises state-of-the-art approaches that were limited to only two ethical principles (p set to one, for maximum freedom, and p set to infinity, for maximum fairness). Secondly, our experimental results considering an established test case demonstrate that our approach is capable, thanks to a novel re-weighting scheme, to compute a multi-norm consensus that takes into account each ethical principle in a balanced way, in contrast with state-of-the-art approaches that were heavily biased towards the p=1 ethical principle
description: 20 pages, 1 table, 1 figure
Tiger Lily Mom
Creators: name: Chan, Connie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: Made famous by Amy Chua's The Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, the phrase "tiger mom" refers to a mother, typically of Asian descent, who practices intense and unyielding parenting methods. While my mother was strict, I don't believe the term "tiger mom" is entirely representative of her. After all, I got away with not playing the piano, violin, or any other musical instrument. My mother's complex and sometimes couoterintuitive parenting style is hard to explain, but I definitely feel the need to qualify the label of "tiger mom." There's a delicate and uoderstanding side of her that deserves recognition, especially in stark contrast to her aggressive side. A tiger lily is said to be a symbol offemale courage. Like other lilies, it also represents U!lconditionallove, kindness, and mercy. My mother's unconventional mix of rigid and relaxed parenting is one I have never seen anyone else use. I also do not know a single person who is as close to their mother as I am. When I began writing this memoir, I found myself taking mental notes whenever I ---interacted with my mother;-It-was-difficultbeingwith-her asjust-adaughter and nota-writer;- -While I tried to appreciate our time together, I also worried about remembering our environment, her movements, exactly what she said, and the way she said it. One of the greatest challenges was maintaining her voice and authenticity when I translated her primarily Chinese speech into English (we spealc "Chinglish," a mix of Chinese and English, with her relying on more Chinese and me relying on more English). I forgave myself for any poor translations because----despite my limited Chinese-! realized I was the only one who could tell this story, my story. And I will stick by that lame excuse until Google Trm1slate learns to read minds.
Additional file 1 of A survey among German-speaking radiation oncologists on PET-based radiotherapy of prostate cancer
Creators: name: Vogel, Marco M. E.
name: Dewes, Sabrina
name: Sage, Eva K.
name: Devecka, Michal
name: Gschwend, Jürgen E.
name: Eiber, Matthias
name: Combs, Stephanie E.
name: Schiller, Kilian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Survey_PET.pdf. Questions of the survey concerning PET-based radiotherapy.
Chemical and forensic analysis of JFK assassination bullet lots: Is a second shooter possible?
Creators: name: Spiegelman, Cliff
name: Tobin, William A.
name: James, William D.
name: Sheather, Simon J.
name: Wexler, Stuart
name: Roundhill, D. Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) traumatized the nation. In this paper we show that evidence used to rule out a second assassin is fundamentally flawed. This paper discusses new compositional analyses of bullets reportedly to have been derived from the same batch as those used in the assassination. The new analyses show that the bullet fragments involved in the assassination are not nearly as rare as previously reported. In particular, the new test results are compared to key bullet composition testimony presented before the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA). Matches of bullets within the same box of bullets are shown to be much more likely than indicated in the House Select Committee on Assassinations' testimony. Additionally, we show that one of the ten test bullets is considered a match to one or more assassination fragments. This finding means that the bullet fragments from the assassination that match could have come from three or more separate bullets. Finally, this paper presents a case for reanalyzing the assassination bullet fragments and conducting the necessary supporting scientific studies. These analyses will shed light on whether the five bullet fragments constitute three or more separate bullets. If the assassination fragments are derived from three or more separate bullets, then a second assassin is likely, as the additional bullet would not easily be attributable to the main suspect, Mr. Oswald, under widely accepted shooting scenarios [see Posner (1993), Case Closed, Bantam, New York].
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOAS119 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Data-driven Outer-Loop Control Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Trajectory Tracking
Creators: name: Arroyo, Maria Angelica
name: Giraldo, Luis Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reference tracking systems involve a plant that is stabilized by a local feedback controller and a command center that indicates the reference set-point the plant should follow. Typically, these systems are subject to limitations such as disturbances, systems delays, constraints, uncertainties, underperforming controllers, and unmodeled parameters that do not allow them to achieve the desired performance. In situations where it is not possible to redesign the inner-loop system, it is usual to incorporate an outer-loop control that instructs the system to follow a modified reference path such that the resultant path is close to the ideal one. Typically, strategies to design the outer-loop control need to know a model of the system, which can be an unfeasible task. In this paper, we propose a framework based on deep reinforcement learning that can learn a policy to generate a modified reference that improves the system's performance in a non-invasive and model-free fashion. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present two challenging cases in engineering: a flight control with a pilot model that includes human reaction delays, and a mean-field control problem for a massive number of space-heating devices. The proposed strategy successfully designs a reference signal that works even in situations that were not seen during the learning process.
Dynamical black holes with symmetry in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Nozawa, Masato
name: Maeda, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore various aspects of dynamical black holes defined by a future outer trapping horizon in $n(\ge 5)$-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. In the present paper, we assume that the spacetime has symmetries corresponding to the isometries of an $(n-2)$-dimensional maximally symmetric space and the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant is non-negative. Depending on the existence or absence of the general relativistic limit, solutions are classified into GR and non-GR branches, respectively. Assuming the null energy condition on matter fields, we show that a future outer trapping horizon in the GR branch possesses the same properties as that in general relativity. In contrast, that in the non-GR branch is shown to be non-spacelike with its area non-increasing into the future. We can recognize this peculiar behavior to arise from a fact that the null energy condition necessarily leads to the null convergence condition for radial null vectors in the GR branch, but not in the non-GR branch. The energy balance law yields the first law of a trapping horizon, from which we can read off the entropy of a trapping horizon reproducing Iyer-Wald's expression. The entropy of a future outer trapping horizon is shown to be non-decreasing in both branches along its generator.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables; references added, typos corrected, accepted version in CQG
Symmetry-protected topological phases in lattice gauge theories: topological QED$_2$
Creators: name: Magnifico, G.
name: Vodola, D.
name: Ercolessi, E.
name: Kumar, S. P.
name: Müller, M.
name: Bermudez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of symmetry, topology, and many-body effects in the classification of possible phases of matter poses a formidable challenge that is attracting great attention in condensed-matter physics. Such many-body effects are typically induced by inter-particle interactions involving an action at a distance, such as the Coulomb interaction between electrons in a symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase. In this work, we show that similar phenomena also appear in high-energy physics, where inter-particle interactions are mediated by gauge bosons, and constrained by a local gauge symmetry. We introduce a variant of the so-called Schwinger model, which describes quantum electrodynamics in (1+1) dimensions (QED$_2$), and show that it can host SPT phases with a topological contribution to the vacuum θ angle, which leads to a new type of topological QED$_2.$ We use bosonization and density-matrix renormalization group techniques to study its rich phase diagram in great detail, and present a scheme for its realization in experiments of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices.
description: closer to published version
Three Healthy Cows: Evaluating development programs through a participatory framework: Biogas technology and the Kamalnayan Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation
Creators: name: Stuver, Richard
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: Who has ownership of the international development process? The issue of"participation" has intensified over the last fifteen years following a renewed emphasis on improving health, education, and gender rights. Debates over participation have complicated the targets set forth in the UN Millennium Development Goals in 2000. The 20th century witnessed significant challenges to the equitable participation of developing regions in engaging with their own development. Additionally, this period gave rise to attempts to redress these issues at both the local and international scale. "Participation" has garnered criticism from some sectors of the development community due to the proliferation of the term in reference to a wide range of theories and practices of varying credibility. Nevertheless, the fundamental concept of participation, i.e. who is included and who has ownership in the process, is a useful framework with which to judge the quality of development enterprises at any scale. Chapter I of this thesis offers a historical analysis of international development that explains both the importance of participation in development and the landscape within which it finds itself today. Chapter II follows with an examination ofbiogas technology, widely used in developing regions, both as an effective tool in expanding the number of individuals who benefit from and can participate in development programs. Chapter III is a case study of the Kamalnayan Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation, based in Wardha, Maharashtra, India, that identifies the challenges facing NGOs and local groups in carrying out equitable development programs centered on community participation.
Additional file 1 of Profile and outcome of pediatric intussusception: a 5-year experience in a tertiary care center
Creators: name: Madan, Aqeela J.
name: Haider, Fayza
name: Alhindi, Saeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Incidence of Intussusception: Five-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Review.
Don't miss the Mismatch: Investigating the Objective Function Mismatch for Unsupervised Representation Learning
Creators: name: Stuhr, Bonifaz
name: Brauer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4; I.5; I.2

description: Finding general evaluation metrics for unsupervised representation learning techniques is a challenging open research question, which recently has become more and more necessary due to the increasing interest in unsupervised methods. Even though these methods promise beneficial representation characteristics, most approaches currently suffer from the objective function mismatch. This mismatch states that the performance on a desired target task can decrease when the unsupervised pretext task is learned too long - especially when both tasks are ill-posed. In this work, we build upon the widely used linear evaluation protocol and define new general evaluation metrics to quantitatively capture the objective function mismatch and the more generic metrics mismatch. We discuss the usability and stability of our protocols on a variety of pretext and target tasks and study mismatches in a wide range of experiments. Thereby we disclose dependencies of the objective function mismatch across several pretext and target tasks with respect to the pretext model's representation size, target model complexity, pretext and target augmentations as well as pretext and target task types. In our experiments, we find that the objective function mismatch reduces performance by ~0.1-5.0% for Cifar10, Cifar100 and PCam in many setups, and up to ~25-59% in extreme cases for the 3dshapes dataset.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, Published in Neural Computing and Applications
QCD-Based Interpretation of the Lepton Spectrum in Inclusive $\bar B\to X_u\,\ell\,\barν$ Decays
Creators: name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a QCD-based approach to the endpoint region of the lepton spectrum in $\bar B\to X_u\,\ell\,\barν$ decays. We introduce a genuinely nonperturbative form factor, the shape function, which describes the fall-off of the spectrum close to the endpoint. The moments of this function are related to forward scattering matrix elements of local, higher-dimension operators. We find that nonperturbative effects are dominant over a finite region in the lepton energy spectrum, the width of which is related to the kinetic energy of the $b$-quark inside the $B$ meson. Applications of our method to the extraction of fundamental standard model parameters, among them $V_{ub}$, are discussed in detail.
description: 17 pages LaTeX, 3 post- script figures available upon request, CERN-TH.7087/93
Ejection Patterns in the DG Tau Jet Over the Last 40 Years: Insights into Mass Accretion Variability
Creators: name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Beck, Tracy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to clarify the link between mass accretion and ejection by analyzing DG Tau's jet observations from optical and near-infrared data spanning 1984 to 2019, alongside photometric variations between 1983 and 2015. We classified 12 moving knot groups among 17 total knot groups based on their constant proper motions and comparable radial velocities. A strong correlation emerges between deprojected flow velocities of the knots and the photometric magnitudes of DG Tau. From 1983 to 1995, as the deprojected ejection velocities surged from $\sim$ 273 $\pm$ 15 km s$^{-1}$ to $\sim$ 427 $\pm$ 16 km s$^{-1}$, the photometric magnitudes ($V$) concurrently brightened from 12.3 to 11.4. Notably, when DG Tau became brighter than 12.2 in the $V$ band, its ($B-V$) color shifted bluer than its intrinsic color range of K5 to M0. During this period, the launching point of the jet in the protoplanetary disk moved closer to 0.06 AU from the star in 1995. Following a $V$ magnitude drop from 11.7 to 13.4 in 1998, the star may have experienced significant extinction due to a dust wall created by the disk wind during the ejection of the high-velocity knot in 1999. Since then, the magnitude became fainter than 12.2, the ($B-V$) and ($V-R$) colors became redder, and the deprojected velocities consistently remained below 200 km s$^{-1}$. The launching point of the jet then moved away to $\sim$ 0.45 AU by 2008. The prevailing factor influencing photometric magnitude appears to be the active mass accretion causing the variable mass ejection velocities.
description: Accepted to ApJ, 27 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
Destabilizing Histories: (Re-)appropriation in Photography and Cinema
Creators: name: Hannouch, Hanin
Publisher: name: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti
Year: 2020
Subjects: Unstable Histories; Re-appropriation; Photography; Cinema; inner contradictions

description: Cinergie – Il Cinema e le altre Arti, No 17 (2020)
Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for thermo-refractive noise
Creators: name: Levin, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple prescription for calculating the spectra of thermal fluctuations of temperature-dependent quantities of the form $\hat{δT}(t)=\int d^3\vec{r} δT(\vec{r},t) q(\vec{r})$. Here $T(\vec{r}, t)$ is the local temperature at location $\vec{r}$ and time $t$, and $q(\vec{r})$ is an arbitrary function. As an example of a possible application, we compute the spectrum of thermo-refractive coating noise in LIGO, and find a complete agreement with the previous calculation of Braginsky, Gorodetsky and Vyatchanin. Our method has computational advantage, especially for non-regular or non-symmetric geometries, and for the cases where $q(\vec{r})$ is non-negligible in a significant fraction of the total volume.
description: 3 pages
Additional file 1 of The effectiveness of syndromic surveillance for the early detection of waterborne outbreaks: a systematic review
Creators: name: Hyllestad, Susanne
name: Amato, Ettore
name: Nygård, Karin
name: Vold, Line
name: Aavitsland, Preben
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Literature search strategy and results.
The implication of gauge-Higgs unification to the hierarchical fermion masses
Creators: name: Lim, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed hierarchical charged fermion masses of three generations seem to imply that these masses are originally universal for three generations and then get exponential suppression with "quantized exponents" by some mechanism. We argue that such remarkable feature of hierarchical fermion mass spectrum may be naturally understood in the scenario of gauge-Higgs unification, where the universality of fermion masses is guaranteed by the fact that Higgs boson is originally gauge boson in this scenario and also the quantized exponents may be attributed to the well-known quantization condition of magnetic charge of the magnetic monopole placed inside the torus, as the extra dimensional space. Because of the presence of the magnetic monopole, we get a chiral theory and multiple Kaluza-Klein zero modes even if we introduce only a single 6-dimensional Weyl fermion. We present two types of three generation model, which succeed to realize the remarkable hierarchical mass spectrum.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Chaotic Inflation and Baryogenesis in Supergravity
Creators: name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
name: Yanagida, T.
name: Yokoyama, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a Kähler potential in supergravity which successfully accommodates chaotic inflation. This model can have a large gravitino mass without giving a large mass to squarks and sleptons, and thus is free from both the gravitino problem and entropy crisis. In this model baryogenesis takes place naturally, identifying the inflaton with a right-handed sneutrino with its mass $M \simeq 10^{13}$GeV, which is consistent with the COBE data and the Mikheyev--Smirnov--Wolfenstein solution to the solar neutrino problem. The model can also accommodate the matter content appropriate for the mixed dark matter scenario.
description: YITP/U-93-29, LBL-34887 10 pages, LaTeX file, requires REVTEX 3.0. Two PostScript figures attached in tar+compress+uuencode format after \end{document}
The Year of Santa Rosa
Creators: name: Dickson, Katie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 190402 Creative Writing (incl. Playwriting)
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: I have always loved Italy. My heritage drew me in, but the food got me hooked, and the language made me fall in love. The natural next steps were a trip, and more classes, and a semester abroad. My semester in Lazio was everything I could have hoped for, from out-of-theclassroom programs to my incredible host family, and my experiences as a real member of an Italian community were the initial inspirations for this project. From there came the books, what everyone else thought about foreigners in Italy and surviving culture shock and the why of traveling. But for all I love Ernest Hemingway and Alain de Botton, none of these sources really captured the way I felt about Italy, and the small communities of Lazio in particular. I adored every moment of my stay in Italy, enchanted by the culture and the people, but I will admit to sometimes being simply overwhelmed by the Italianness of it all – days when I was exhausted from spending eight hours at the kitchen table or just wanted the man in the tabacchi shop to understand which stamps I was trying to buy. But I didn’t want to write just another book about culture shock or being a stranger in a strange land, so I drew particularly on my experiences as an agnostic in a Catholic country, the strange things I felt visiting the great cathedrals of Italy. Barely a week into my semester, I had the fortune of witnessing the Macchina di Santa Rosa just down the road, and I latched onto the strangeness and wonder of it. What could it be like, to be one of those people, so caught up in all the legend and lore of these traditions? I realized I could never know, because I could never be from Viterbo, and that was of crucial importance. And so Cal Benson was born.
Digital Communication with Rydberg Atoms & Amplitude-Modulated Microwave Fields
Creators: name: Meyer, David H.
name: Cox, Kevin C.
name: Fatemi, Fredrik K.
name: Kunz, Paul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rydberg atoms, with one highly-excited, nearly-ionized electron, have extreme sensitivity to electric fields, including microwave fields ranging from 100 MHz to over 1 THz. Here we show that room-temperature Rydberg atoms can be used as sensitive, high bandwidth, microwave communication antennas. We demonstrate near photon-shot-noise limited readout of data encoded in amplitude-modulated 17 GHz microwaves, using an electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) probing scheme. We measure a photon-shot-noise limited channel capacity of up to 8.2 Mbit/s and implement an 8-state phase-shift-keying digital communication protocol. The bandwidth of the EIT probing scheme is found to be limited by the available coupling laser power and the natural linewidth of the rubidium D2 transition. We discuss how atomic communications receivers offer several opportunities to surpass the capabilities of classical antennas.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
title: [Neue Nr. 4425] Göttingen / Geologische Karte
title: Geologische Karte 1:25000
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: [Sheet No 4425] ; Göttingen ; geological map
Creators: name: Koenen, Adolf Von
Publisher: name: Kraatz, Berlin
Year: 1893

description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 027 30 - E 027 40 / N 051 36 - N 051 30. Nordwerte des GeoTIFF wurde um -4,4‘‘ Gradsekunden korrigiert.
description: map
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
The Violet Quill Club: Constructing a Post-Stonewall Gay Identity through Fiction
Creators: name: Trimboli, Brian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 200508 Other Literatures in English
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: It‘s difficult to define ―literature,‖ let alone ―gay literature.‖ Nonetheless, a group of seven gay male authors, dubbed the Violet Quill Club, met at informal roundtables in New York City to critique each other‘s work in the late 1970s into the early ‘80s, creating a set of works that redefined the way Americans read ―gay‖ novels. These authors published their seminal works during this time, a unique era of sexual freedom in the United States that fell between the Stonewall riots, which mark the beginning of the modern gay rights movement, and the AIDS crisis, which took the lives of four members of the group. The fiction published by the Violet Quill Club established a new gay identity born of New York‘s gay culture, which emphasized sexual liberation and freedom from traditional heterosexual institutions such as marriage. Although this constructed identity was narrowly construed, it influenced a generation of gay men and still resonates within today‘s LGBT rights movement.
Analysis of vibration impact on stability of dewetting thin liquid film
Creators: name: Shklyaev, S.
name: Khenner, M.
name: Alabuzhev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of a thin dewetting liquid film on a vertically oscillating substrate is considered. We assume moderate vibration frequency and large (compared to the mean film thickness) vibration amplitude. Using the lubrication approximation and the averaging method, we formulate the coupled sets of equations governing the pulsatile and the averaged fluid flows in the film, and then derive the nonlinear amplitude equation for the averaged film thickness. We show that there exists a window in the frequency-amplitude domain where the parametric and shear-flow instabilities of the pulsatile flow do not emerge. As a consequence, in this window the averaged description is reasonable and the amplitude equation holds. The linear and nonlinear analyses of the amplitude equation and the numerical computations show that such vibration stabilizes the film against dewetting and rupture.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Micro solid oxide fuel cells: a new generation of micro-power sources for portable applications
Creators: name: Chiabrera, Francesco
name: Garbayo, Iñigo
name: Alayo, Nerea
name: Tarancón, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Portable electronic devices are already an indispensable part of our daily life; and their increasing number and demand for higher performance is becoming a challenge for the research community. In particular, a major concern is the way to efficiently power these energy-demanding devices, assuring long grid independency with high efficiency, sustainability and cheap production. In this context, technologies beyond Li-ion are receiving increasing attention, among which the development of micro solid oxide fuel cells (μSOFC) stands out. In particular, μSOFC provides a high energy density, high efficiency and opens the possibility to the use of different fuels, such as hydrocarbons. Yet, its high operating temperature has typically hindered its application as miniaturized portable device. Recent advances have however set a completely new range of lower operating temperatures, i.e. 350-450C, as compared to the typical >900C needed for classical bulk SOFC systems. In this work, a comprehensive review of the status of the technology is presented. The main achievements, as well as the most important challenges still pending are discussed, regarding (i.) the cell design and microfabrication, and (ii.) the integration of functional electrolyte and electrode materials. To conclude, the different strategies foreseen for a wide deployment of the technology as new portable power source are underlined.