cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using synchrotron radiation to determine the oxidation state of uranium in magmas
Creators: name: Halse, Helen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Young igneous rocks from a range of tectonic settings exhibit various Uranium-series (Useries) disequilibria. The U-series systematics of Mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs) have been attributed to mantle melting, while those of arc basalts are widely thought to be slab fluid signatures. Mid-ocean-ridge and arc U-series models generally assume that U4+ is the only oxidation state relevant to mantle melting processes, however the potential for the stabilisation of U5+ and/or U6+ has recently been proposed for some arc lavas. To determine the oxidation state of U in geological melts, and to assess the relative stabilities of U4+, U5+, and U6+ under mantle conditions, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra were recorded from synthetic analogues, including an Fe-bearing MORB composition. Spectra were collected from quenched glasses equilibrated at 1400 °C and oxygen fugacities (fO2s) between logfO2 = -18 and +4.7 (QFM-11.7 to QFM+11), and from equivalent high temperature melts using a custom designed XAS furnace. Spectra were collected at both the U L3- and M4-edges, as the variation of the M4-edge spectral line-shape could be unambiguously linked to oxidation state changes in the glasses, while the higher energy of the L3-edge was better suited to in situ studies. The variation of the XANES spectra as a function of fO2 allowed U5+ to be identified as a major component in both the MORB glasses and their original melts, and a methodology was developed to accurately quantify their U oxidation state proportions. The proportion of U4+ was found to be highly sensitive to fO2 at conditions relevant to mantle melting, with U5+/ΣU varying between ~0.1 and 0.5 between QFM-1 and QFM+2 and pressures equivalent to mantle depths of ≥ 15 km. U-series models assuming melting of a variably oxidised mantle wedge can produce a wide range of U-series signatures that are consistent with many arc basalts. In contrast, the stability of even small proportions of U5+ in the melt may present a problem for those models currently attributing the 230Th excesses of MORBs to mantle melting in the spinel lherzolite field.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a digitally supported care management programme to reduce unmet needs of family caregivers of people with dementia: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (GAIN)
Creators: name: Klein, Olga A.
name: Boekholt, Melanie
name: Afrin, Dilshad
name: Dornquast, Christina
name: Dreier-Wolfgramm, Adina
name: Keller, Armin
name: Michalowsky, Bernhard
name: Zwingmann, Ina
name: Teipel, Stefan
name: Thyrian, Jochen René
name: Kilimann, Ingo
name: Hoffmann, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 checklist.
Mobile code offloading for multiple resources
Creators: name: Pamboris, Andreas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Mobile devices are becoming pervasive, yet a persistent gap in hardware capabilities still separates them from desktop machines. To bridge this gap, recent research has turned to cloud-assisted execution as a way of leveraging remote resources to enhance application performance. Code-offloading systems automatically partition applications across resource-constrained devices and more powerful remote nodes to improve execution. Existing approaches, however, only focus on compute resources, ignoring memory and network limitations in mobile environments. In doing so, they prevent mobile applications from taking advantage of the larger memory and richer networking capabilities of cloud-based nodes. At the same time, they face the challenge that a large runtime overhead may offset the benefits of offloaded execution and support only applications written in managed programming languages with substantial runtime support. In this thesis, we propose three new static code-offloading approaches that exploit all three remote resources—compute, memory and network: (1) Compute-focused offloading enables applications written in unmanaged programming languages with only rudimentary runtime support to benefit from remote compute resources. Using offline dynamic profiling to analyse runtime behaviour, it derives a partitioning that reduces response times by offloading compute-intensive functionality to the remote node. (2) Memory-focused offloading partitions application state across nodes to alleviate memory constraints and reduce offloading overheads by permanently collocating data and computation. To handle network failures, it uses a snapshot-based fault tolerance mechanism to back up state changes locally and a user-level virtual memory scheme to support execution with large state sizes after failure. (3) Network-focused offloading partitions mobile client applications across mobile devices and nodes at edge locations of a mobile network to minimise network traffic in radio access networks. It (i) discards unused data returned by coarse-grained API calls to Internet backend services and (ii) tunes binary object prefetching strategies to transmit only the objects that are used on the device.
Microlensing by Multiple Planets in High Magnification Events
Creators: name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Naber, Richard M.
name: Sackett, Penny D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microlensing is increasingly gaining recognition as a powerful method for the detection and characterization of extra-solar planetary systems. Naively, one might expect that the probability of detecting the influence of more than one planet on any single microlensing light curve would be small. Recently, however, Griest & Safizadeh (1998) have shown that, for a subset of events, those with minimum impact parameter $u_{min} \lsim 0.1$ (high magnification events), the detection probability is nearly 100% for Jovian mass planets with projected separations in the range 0.6--1.6 of the primary Einstein ring radius $R_E$, and remains substantial outside this zone. In this Letter, we point out that this result implies that, regardless of orientation, all Jovian mass planets with separations near 0.6--1.6$R_E$ dramatically affect the central region of the magnification pattern, and thus have a significant probability of being detected (or ruled out) in high magnification events. The probability, averaged over all orbital phases and inclination angles, of two planets having projected separations within 0.6--$1.6R_E$ is substantial: 1-15% for two planets with the intrinsic orbital separations of Jupiter and Saturn orbiting around 0.3--1.0$M_\odot$ parent stars. We illustrate by example the complicated magnification patterns and light curves that can result when two planets are present, and discuss possible implications of our result on detection efficiencies and the ability to discriminate between multiple and single planets in high magnification events.
description: 14 pages, including 3 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Oral history interview with Simeon Booker, 1971
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Journalists
African American press
African American journalists
Newspaper publishing--Economic aspects--United States
African Americans--Civil rights
Advertising--Newspapers

description: Booker discusses his early interest in journalism and his selection as a Nieman Fellow in Journalism at Harvard University. He describes his experience as the first black reporter at the Washington Post during a time of segregation in the capital city, his experience opening a Washington Bureau for Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., the differences between the black press and the daily press, both in resources and content, how the focus of the black press influences the entire industry; and his book, Black Man’s America (1964). Other topics of discussion include Booker’s coverage of the 1960 presidential campaign of John F. Kennedy, the influence of the black press on black communities, the importance of black ownership in all communication medias, how the black press contributed to social changes and the Civil Rights movement, the ownership of black newspapers, and the regional and community orientation of black newspapers.
Hierarchical Information Quadtree: Efficient Spatial Temporal Image Search for Multimedia Stream
Creators: name: Zhang, Chengyuan
name: Chen, Ruipeng
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Liu, Anfeng
name: Lin, Yunwu
name: Huang, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massive amount of multimedia data that contain times- tamps and geographical information are being generated at an unprecedented scale in many emerging applications such as photo sharing web site and social networks applications. Due to their importance, a large body of work has focused on efficiently computing various spatial image queries. In this paper,we study the spatial temporal image query which considers three important constraints during the search including time recency, spatial proximity and visual relevance. A novel index structure, namely Hierarchical Information Quadtree(\hiq), to efficiently insert/delete spatial temporal images with high arrive rates. Base on \hiq an efficient algorithm is developed to support spatial temporal image query. We show via extensive experimentation with real spatial databases clearly demonstrate the efficiency of our methods.
description: Published at Multimedia Tools and Applications. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.02009
Dense semantic SLAM
Creators: name: Salas-Moreno, Renato F.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) began as a technique to enable real-time robotic navigation on previously unexplored environments. The created maps however were designed for the sole purpose of localising the robot (i.e. what is the position and orientation of the robot in relation to the map) and several systems demonstrated the increasing descriptive power of map representations, which on vision-only SLAM solutions consisted of simple sparse corner-like features as well as edges, planes and most recently fully dense surfaces that abandon the notion of sparse structures altogether. Early sparse representations enjoyed the benefit of being simple to maintain as features could be added, optimised and removed independently while being memory and compute efficient, making them suitable for robust real-time camera tracking that relies on a consistent map. However, sparse representations are limiting when it comes to interaction, as for example, a robot aiming to safely navigate in an environment would need to sense complete surfaces in addition to empty space. Furthermore, sparse features can only be detected on highly-textured areas and during slow motion. Recent dense methods overcome the limitations of sparse methods as they can work in situations where corner features would fail to be detected due to blurry images created during rapid camera motion and also enable to correctly reason about occlusions and complete 3D surfaces, thus raising the interaction capabilities to new levels. This is only possible thanks to the advent of commodity parallel processing power and large amount of memory on Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) that needs careful consideration during algorithm design. However, increasing the map density makes creating consistent structures more challenging due to the vast amount of parameters to optimise and the interdependencies amongst them. More importantly, our interest is in making interaction even more sophisticated by abandoning the idea that an environment is a dense monolithic structure in favour of one composed of discrete detachable objects and bounded regions having physical properties and metadata. This work explores the development of a new type of visual SLAM system representing the map with semantically meaningful objects and planar regions which we call Dense Semantic SLAM, enabling new types of interaction where applications that can go beyond asking the question of "where am I" towards "what is around me and what can I do with it". In a way it can be seen as a return to lightweight sparse-based representations while keeping the predictive power of dense methods with added scene understanding at the object and region levels.
A new method for unveiling Open Clusters in Gaia: new nearby Open Clusters confirmed by DR2
Creators: name: Castro-Ginard, A.
name: Jordi, C.
name: Luri, X.
name: Julbe, F.
name: Morvan, M.
name: Balaguer-Núñez, L.
name: Cantat-Gaudin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The publication of the Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) opens a new era in Astronomy. It includes precise astrometric data (positions, proper motions and parallaxes) for more than $1.3$ billion sources, mostly stars. To analyse such a vast amount of new data, the use of data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms are mandatory. The search for Open Clusters, groups of stars that were born and move together, located in the disk, is a great example for the application of these techniques. Our aim is to develop a method to automatically explore the data space, requiring minimal manual intervention. We explore the performance of a density based clustering algorithm, DBSCAN, to find clusters in the data together with a supervised learning method such as an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to automatically distinguish between real Open Clusters and statistical clusters. The development and implementation of this method to a $5$-Dimensional space ($l$, $b$, $\varpi$, $μ_{α^*}$, $μ_δ$) to the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) data, and a posterior validation using Gaia DR2 data, lead to the proposal of a set of new nearby Open Clusters. We have developed a method to find OCs in astrometric data, designed to be applied to the full Gaia DR2 archive.
description: 18 pages, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) the 11th June, 2018
Understanding Orographic Precipitation across the Australian Snowy Mountains
Creators: name: FAHIMEH SARMADI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Snowy Mountains are the tallest mountains in the Australian Alps and feed some of the major river systems of the Murray-Darling Basin. This study looked at the climatology and predictability of wintertime precipitation in this region. Motivated by the recent drought in southeastern Australia, this study employed a clustering analysis to categorize the climatology of daily precipitation with the aim of improving the precipitation forecasts of the ACCESS-R model. To reach a deeper understanding of the dynamical and physical processes that characterize the precipitation characteristics in this region, numerical simulations of the meteorology for a case study was performed.
MOESM2 of Epigenetic age acceleration and metabolic syndrome in the coronary artery risk development in young adults study
Creators: name: Nannini, Drew
name: Joyce, Brian
name: Zheng, Yinan
name: Gao, Tao
name: Liu, Lei
name: Yoon, Grace
name: Huan, Tianxiao
name: Ma, Jiantao
name: Jacobs, David
name: Wilkins, John
name: Ren, Jim
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Khan, Sadiya
name: Allen, Norrina
name: Horvath, Steve
name: Lloyd-Jones, Donald
name: Greenland, Philip
name: Hou, Lifang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Scatterplot matrix of chronological age, biological age, and MetS severity score at examination years 15 and 20. Scatterplot matrix displaying chronological age, epigenetic age as calculated by Horvath’s and Hannum’s method, and the MetS severity score at examination years 15 and 20.
Oral history interview with Sir Brian Urquhart, 2000
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Peace
Security, International
Human rights
Biography as a literary form
Colonies--Africa
Postcolonialism

description: Background and childhood: born in England, 1919; education: Oxford University; career: British soldier, 1939-45, personal assistant to acting Secretary-General, 1945, personal assistant to first United Nations [UN] Secretary-General, involvement in issues related to international peace and security, 1954-71, under-secretary-general for special political affairs, 1971, retirement, 1986; themes: experience writing autobiography, biographies of other diplomats, colonialism and African independence, instability in African nations as a result of colonialism and independence, role of the Economic Commissions for Europe [ECE] during the Cold War, significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [UDHR], UDHR influence on global human rights movements, roles of specialized UN agencies, UN peacekeeping after Bangladesh secession from Pakistan, lack of accountability for Secretariat in UN, effect of McCarthyism on international civil service, differences between UN secretariat and national governments, importance of global conferences and reports, ideas for UN Secretariat reform, instances of members pursuing personal agendas in UN General Assembly, changing relevance of UN, colleague reminiscences
Monopoles in Compact U(1) -- Anatomy of the Phase Transition
Creators: name: Bode, A.
name: Schilling, K.
name: Bornyakov, V.
name: Lippert, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence that the existence of a first order phase transition in compact U(1) with Wilson action is not related to monopole loops wrapping around the toroidal lattice, as has been previously suggested. Our analysis is based on the suppression of such loops by `soft boundary conditions' that correspond to an infinitely large chemical potential for the monopoles on the boundary, during the updating process. It is observed that the double peak structure characteristic for the first order phase transition reappears at sufficiently large lattice sizes and separations from the lattice boundary.
description: 8 pages, (color) ps-figures available via anonymous ftp at ftp://wpts0.physik.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/monopoles/figures.uu
Resurgence analysis of 2d Yang-Mills theory on a torus
Creators: name: Okuyama, Kazumi
name: Sakai, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the large $N$ 't Hooft expansion of the partition function of 2d $U(N)$ Yang-Mills theory on a torus. We compute the $1/N$ genus expansion of both the chiral and the full partition function of 2d Yang-Mills using the recursion relation found by Kaneko and Zagier with a slight modification. Then we study the large order behavior of this genus expansion, from which we extract the non-perturbative correction using the resurgence relation. It turns out that the genus expansion is not Borel summable and the coefficient of 1-instanton correction, the so-called Stokes parameter, is pure imaginary. We find that the non-perturbative correction obtained from the resurgence is reproduced from a certain analytic continuation of the grand partition function of a system of non-relativistic fermions on a circle. Our analytic continuation is different from that considered in hep-th/0504221.
description: 45 pages; v2: references added; v3: typos corrected
Aranea riparia Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Araneidae
Aranea
Aranea riparia

description: Aranea riparia [spec. nov.]
A. abdomine ovato nigro-aeneo subulato bicorni. Fn. svec. 1222.
It. oel. 145.
Habitat in littoribus sabulosis. Rete horizontali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 620, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00659
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00659, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
DynaSLAM: Tracking, Mapping and Inpainting in Dynamic Scenes
Creators: name: Bescos, Berta
name: Fácil, José M.
name: Civera, Javier
name: Neira, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The assumption of scene rigidity is typical in SLAM algorithms. Such a strong assumption limits the use of most visual SLAM systems in populated real-world environments, which are the target of several relevant applications like service robotics or autonomous vehicles. In this paper we present DynaSLAM, a visual SLAM system that, building over ORB-SLAM2 [1], adds the capabilities of dynamic object detection and background inpainting. DynaSLAM is robust in dynamic scenarios for monocular, stereo and RGB-D configurations. We are capable of detecting the moving objects either by multi-view geometry, deep learning or both. Having a static map of the scene allows inpainting the frame background that has been occluded by such dynamic objects. We evaluate our system in public monocular, stereo and RGB-D datasets. We study the impact of several accuracy/speed trade-offs to assess the limits of the proposed methodology. DynaSLAM outperforms the accuracy of standard visual SLAM baselines in highly dynamic scenarios. And it also estimates a map of the static parts of the scene, which is a must for long-term applications in real-world environments.
description: This work has been accepted at IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, and will be presented at the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2018
Aranea labyrinthica Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Araneidae
Aranea
Aranea labyrinthica

description: Aranea labyrinthica [spec. nov.]
A. abdomine ovato fusco: linea exalbida pinnata, ano bifurco. Fn. svec. 1223. It. oel. 251.
Raj. ins. 27. n. 18.
List. aran. 60. f. 18.
Clerck. aran. 79. t. 2. f. 8.
Habitat super Terram, Tela horizontali cum puteo cylindrico.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 620, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Oral history interview with Sir William Angus Boyd Iliff, 1961
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: International officials and employees
Bankers and banking, International
International agencies
International economic relations

description: Background in finance; World Bank, 1948; divisions of Bank; Bank dealings with India and Egypt: Aswan Dam, Suez Canal, Kashmir, and Indus water dispute
An effective immobilization of β-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates
Creators: name: Deng, Yuefeng
name: Ouyang, Jie
name: Liu, Hu
name: Wang, Jianjun
name: Zhu, Yihui
name: Chen, Ziqian
name: Yang, Chengli
name: Li, Dali
name: Ma, Kefeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the β-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized β-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized β-glucosidase (β-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The β-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the β-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.
Modelling animal spirits in financial markets
Creators: name: Andruszkiewicz, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The term `animal spirits' was introduced by Keynes to describe the entrepreneur's often irrational optimism and drive to act as opposed to basing decisions on formal analysis.This PhD thesis provides an analysis, both theoretical and empirical, of this phenomenon in the financial markets from several points of view. In the first chapter we show that the pricing kernel in the economy may be represented in a probabilistic form, as a solution to a stochastic filtering problem. The noise in the associated information process may contain drift term that is impossible to estimate from current market prices of assets. This drift can be associated with `animal spirits' driving the market. The second chapter is explicitly devoted to `animal spirits': it introduces a factor based risk-management model for an illiquid project. We show that behavioural factors together with the collateralization mechanism often employed by banks not only increase the risk for the banking system, but also introduce anomalies during high-volatility crisis periods. In the third chapter we apply Hidden Markov Models to estimate animal spirits from historic asset prices. We argue that an arbitrary addition of a stress scenario to the model can greatly improve risk estimation. The last chapter deals with optimal investment problem in a model with behavioural factors. This may be linked to the pricing kernel discussion from the first chapter by the marginal utility maximisation approach to pricing derivatives.
Z_N x Z_M orientifolds with and without discrete torsion
Creators: name: Klein, Matthias
name: Rabadan, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss compact four-dimensional Z_N x Z_M type IIB orientifolds. We take a systematic approach to classify the possible models and construct them explicitely. The supersymmetric orientifolds of this type have already been constructed some time ago. We find that there exist several consistent orientifolds for each of the discrete groups Z_2 x Z_2, Z_2 x Z_4, Z_4 x Z_4, Z_2 x Z_6, Z_2 x Z_6' and Z_6 x Z_6 if anti-D5-branes are introduced. Supersymmetry is broken by the open strings ending on antibranes. The rank of the gauge group is reduced by a factor two if the underlying orbifold space has discrete torsion.
description: Latex, 61 pages
Bubbles dissolution in cylindrical microchannels
Creators: name: Rivero-Rodriguez, Javier
name: Scheid, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work focuses on the dissolution of a train of unconfined bubbles in cylindrical microchannels. We investigate how the mass transfer is affected by the channel and bubble sizes, distance between bubbles, diffusivity, superficial velocity, deformation of the bubble, the presence of surfactants in the limit of rigid interface and off-centred positions of the bubbles. We analyse the influence of the dimensionless numbers and especially the distance between bubbles and the Péclet number, Pe, which we vary among eight decades and identify five different dissolution regimes. We show different concentration patterns and the dependence of the Sherwood numbers, Sh. These regimes can be classified by either the importance of the streamline diffusion or by the interaction between bubbles. For small Pe the streamline diffusion is not negligible as compared to convection whereas for large Pe, convection dominates in the streamline direction and, thus, crosswind diffusion becomes crucial in governing the dissolution through boundary layers or of the remaining wake behind the bubbles. Bubbles interaction takes place for very small Pe for which the dissolution is purely diffusive or for very large Pe numbers in which case long wakes eventually reach the following bubble. We also observe that the bubble deformability mainly affects the Sh in the regime for very large Pe in which bubbles interaction matters, and also that the rigid interface effect affects the boundary layer and the remaining wake. The effect of off-centred position of the bubble, determined by the transverse force balance, is also limited to large Pe. The boundary layers in rigid bubble surfaces are thicker as compared to those on stress-free bubble surface and, thus, the dissolution is smaller. For centred bubbles, the influence of inertia on the dissolution is negligible. Finally, we discuss underlying hypothesis of the model.
description: Submitted to JFM
Formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies and QSO activity
Creators: name: Friaca, Amancio C. S.
name: Terlevich, Roberto J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a numerical code that combines multi-zone chemical evolution with 1-D hydrodynamics to follow in detail the evolution and radial behaviour of gas and stars during the formation of elliptical galaxies. We use the model to explore the links between the evolution and formation of elliptical galaxies and QSO activity. The knowledge of the radial gas flows in the galaxy allows us to trace metallicity gradients, and, in particular, the formation of a high-metallicity core in ellipticals. The high-metallicity core is formed soon enough to explain the metal abundances inferred in high-redshift quasars. The star formation rate and the subsequent feedback regulate the episodes of wind, outflow, and cooling flow, thus affecting the recycling of the gas and the chemical enrichment of the intergalactic medium. The evolution of the galaxy shows several stages, some of which are characterized by a complex flow pattern, with inflow in some regions and outflow in other regions. All models, however, exhibit during their late evolution a galactic wind at the outer boundary and, during their early evolution, an inflow towards the galaxy nucleus. The inner inflow evolution could explain the bolometric luminosity of a quasar lodged at the galaxy centre as well as the evolution of the QSO luminosity function.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Effect of Activated Neutrophil Products on Ex Vivo Small Airway Structure and Function
Creators: name: Madge, Natasha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In COPD, small airways are the main site of airflow obstruction. Neutrophil infiltration into small airways is significantly associated with lung function decline. This thesis investigated the effects of activated neutrophil products on ex vivo small airway structure and function using precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients; stimulated with fMLP, and supernatants obtained. Supernatant protease concentration/activity was assessed. There were significant increases in protease concentration/activity upon fMLP stimulation, but no significant differences between subject groups or correlations with subject demographics. Rat PCLS were incubated overnight with neutrophil supernatants, and small airway structure, function and PCLS viability assessed. Stimulated COPD neutrophil supernatants caused significant airway dysfunction. All neutrophil supernatants significantly reduced PCLS viability. There was a significant inverse correlation between supernatant active MMP-9 concentration and maximal airway closure. Incubation of rat PCLS with H2O2 or porcine pancreatic elastase did not fully reproduce the effects of neutrophil supernatants: both reduced maximal airway closure; whilst H2O2 alone significantly reduced PCLS viability. Pre-incubation of COPD neutrophil supernatants with a NE inhibitor led to restoration of maximal airway closure only. Pre-incubation with neither an antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), nor a MMP-9 inhibitor, had any effect on neutrophil supernatant-induced PCLS damage. Finally, small airways in PCLS from COPD lung tissue had greater maximal airway closure, compared with smokers and non-smokers. There were no correlations between subject demographics and small airway function. Overall, neutrophils from COPD patients induce small airway dysfunction and reduce tissue viability. Neither oxidative stress nor elastase reproduced these effects fully; and pre-incubation with neither antioxidants nor protease inhibitors restored small airway function. Thus, there is greater complexity in neutrophil mediation of this damage. Finally, rat small airways do not fully reproduce the response of small airways in COPD lung tissue, which exhibit evidence of hypercontractility.
Modelling the Interactions between Information and Communication Technologies and Travel Behaviour
Creators: name: Pawlak, Jacek
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The growing capabilities and widespread proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) into virtually every aspect of lifestyle, combined with the continuing challenges faced by transport systems, has ensured ongoing interest in the interactions between ICT and travel behaviour. Yet, despite more than three decades of efforts to understand these relationships, few point of consensus have so far emerged, partly due to the rapidly evolving character of ICT, and partly due to the inherent complexity of such interactions. This thesis seeks to develop novel understandings of such interactions by introducing a number of extensions to the existing modelling frameworks. This is achieved through three interrelated research objectives which seek to explore the topic from macro, micro, and temporal perspectives. The macro perspective takes the form of a structural equation analysis of the relationships between ICT use and travel behaviour across four countries: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, with the data for the latter three obtained by pooling separate datasets on ICT use and travel behaviour. The micro perspective seeks to develop a microeconomic model of an individual maximising utility through joint choice of activities, including in-travel activities, ICT use, as well as the choice of travel mode, timing and route, with the decisions motivated by contribution towards satisfaction, productivity, and consumption. The model is subsequently tested in the empirical contexts of rail business travel time, business travel time valuation, and conceptualisation of the ICT and travel behaviour interaction scenarios reported elsewhere in the literature. The final, temporal perspective analyses the comparatively least explored topic of evolution in the relationships between ICT use and travel behaviour over time. This is achieved by analysing repeated cross-sectional data using structural equation modelling, and interpreted with reference to the theory of diffusion of innovations. The thesis also discusses a number of potential research, policy and industrial applications of its empirical and theoretical contributions.
Control of Salmonella Enteritidis on food contact surfaces with bacteriophage PVP-SE2
Creators: name: Milho, Catarina
name: Silva, Maria Daniela
name: Melo, Luís
name: Santos, Sílvio
name: Azeredo, Joana
name: Sillankorva, Sanna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Salmonella is one of the worldwide leading foodborne pathogens responsible for illnesses and hospitalizations, and its capacity to form biofilms is one of its many virulence factors. This work evaluated (bacterio)phage control of adhered and biofilm cells of Salmonella Enteritidis on three different substrata at refrigerated and room temperatures, and also a preventive approach in poultry skin. PVP-SE2 phage was efficient in reducing both 24- and 48-h old Salmonella biofilms from polystyrene and stainless steel causing 2 to 5 log CFU cm−2 reductions with a higher killing efficiency at room temperature. PVP-SE2 phage application on poultry skins reduced levels of Salmonella. Freezing phage-pretreated poultry skin samples had no influence on the viability of phage PVP-SE2 and their in vitro contamination with S. Enteritidis provided evidence that phages prevented their further growth. Although not all conditions favor phage treatment, this study endorses their use to prevent and control foodborne pathogen colonization of surfaces.
On the Evolution of the Cosmic Supernova Rates
Creators: name: Madau, P.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Panagia, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ongoing searches for supernovae (SNe) at cosmological distances have recently started to provide a link between SN Ia statistics and galaxy evolution. We use recent estimates of the global history of star formation to compute the theoretical Type Ia and Type II SN rates as a function of cosmic time from the present epoch to high redshifts. We show that accurate measurements of the frequency of SN events in the range 0
description: LaTeX, 19 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the MNRAS
Sweetest taboo processes
Creators: name: Mazzolo, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brownian dynamics play a key role in understanding the diffusive transport of micro particles in a bounded environment. In geometries containing confining walls, physical laws determine the behavior of the random trajectories at the boundaries. For impenetrable walls, imposing reflecting boundary conditions to the Brownian particles leads to dynamics described by reflecting stochastic differential equations. In practice, these stochastic differential equations as well as their refinements are quite challenging to handle, and more importantly, many physical processes are better modeled by processes conditioned to stay in a prescribed bounded region. In the mathematical literature, these processes are known as taboo processes, and despite their simplicity, at least compared to the reflecting stochastic differential equations approach, are surprisingly not much exploited in physics. This paper explores some aspect of taboo processes and other constrained processes in simple geometries: Interval in one dimension, circular annulus in two dimensions, hollow sphere in three dimensions, and more. In particular, for the two-dimensional taboo process in a circular annulus, the Gaussian behavior of the stochastic angle is established.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures
Studies on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and protein interactions
Creators: name: Mohamad Razali, Rozaimi Bin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis presents an analysis of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and protein–protein interactions. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the distribution of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs) in terms of their locations in the protein core, at the protein–protein interface sites and on the other areas on the protein surface. The analysis used experimentally verified human protein–protein interactions and nsSNPs from the UniProt humsavar database. A further investigation was performed on a larger SNP dataset from the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP). Both investigations identified a significant preference for disease-causing SNPs to occur at the protein interface compared to other areas on the protein surface. The three-dimensional structures of protein–protein interfaces were examined in order to propose stereo-chemical explanations for the disease-causing effect of nsSNPs in the humsavar dataset. In addition, three methodologies (i.e., usage of SNP server, structural analysis and usage of GMAF) that could help identify pathogenic variants were presented. Structural analysis was also performed on non-diseasecausing SNPs in order to investigate their possible effects on protein–protein interactions. The result showed that some of the previously classified non-diseasecausing SNPs could potentially be disease-causing SNPs. The myVARIANT program was developed. The program obtains SNPs from 1KGP, maps them to structures, evaluates their distribution on structures and performs a structural analysis. In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates the important role that protein–protein interactions play in disease pathogenesis.
Aranea redimita Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Araneidae
Aranea
Aranea redimita

description: Aranea redimita [spec. nov.]
A. abdomine oblongo-ovato flavo: annulo ovali dorsali rubro. Fn. svec. 1227.
Raj. ins. 24. f. 12.
List. aran. 51. f. 12.
Frisch. ins. 10. t. 4.
Clerck. aran. t. 3. f. 9.
Habitat in Hortis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 621, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1 of Which criteria characterize a health literate health care organization? – a scoping review on organizational health literacy
Creators: name: Bremer, Daniel
name: Klockmann, Izumi
name: Jaß, Leonie
name: Härter, Martin
name: von dem Knesebeck, Olaf
name: Lüdecke, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Filled PRISMA-ScR checklist.
Flavourful Axion Phenomenology
Creators: name: Björkeroth, Fredrik
name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: King, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive discussion of the phenomenology of flavourful axions, including both standard Peccei-Quinn (PQ) axions, associated with the solution to the strong $CP$ problem, and non-standard axion-like particles (ALPs). We give the flavourful axion-fermion and axion-photon couplings and calculate the branching ratios of heavy meson ($K$, $D$, $B$) decays involving a flavourful axion. We also calculate the mixing between axions and heavy mesons $ K^0 $, $ D^0 $, $ B^0 $ and $ B_s^0 $, which affects the meson oscillation probability and mass difference. Mixing also contributes to meson decays into axions and axion decays into two photons, and may be relevant for ALPs. We discuss charged lepton flavour-violating decays involving final state axions of the form $\ell_1 \to \ell_2 a (γ) $, as well as $ μ\to eee $ and $ μ-e $ conversion. Finally we describe the phenomenology of a particular "A to Z" Pati-Salam model, in which PQ symmetry arises accidentally due to discrete flavour symmetry. Here all axion couplings are fixed by a fit to flavour data, leading to sharp predictions and correlations between flavour-dependent observables.
description: v1: 27 pages. v2: version to appear in JHEP. 31 pages. Extended discussion on axion basis, updated mixing bounds
Full QCD with the Lüscher local bosonic action
Creators: name: Alexandrou, C.
name: Borrelli, A.
name: de Forcrand, Ph.
name: Galli, A.
name: Jegerlehner, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Lüscher's method of including dynamical Wilson fermions in a lattice simulation of QCD with two quark flavours. We measure the accuracy of the approximation by comparing it with Hybrid Monte Carlo results for gauge plaquette and Wilson loops. We also introduce an additional global Metropolis step in the update. We show that the complexity of Lüscher's algorithm compares favourably with that of the Hybrid Monte Carlo.
description: 21 pages Latex
Deep Null Space Learning for Inverse Problems: Convergence Analysis and Rates
Creators: name: Schwab, Johannes
name: Antholzer, Stephan
name: Haltmeier, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, deep learning based methods appeared as a new paradigm for solving inverse problems. These methods empirically show excellent performance but lack of theoretical justification; in particular, no results on the regularization properties are available. In particular, this is the case for two-step deep learning approaches, where a classical reconstruction method is applied to the data in a first step and a trained deep neural network is applied to improve results in a second step. In this paper, we close the gap between practice and theory for a new network structure in a two-step approach. For that purpose, we propose so called null space networks and introduce the concept of M-regularization. Combined with a standard regularization method as reconstruction layer, the proposed deep null space learning approach is shown to be a M-regularization method; convergence rates are also derived. The proposed null space network structure naturally preserves data consistency which is considered as key property of neural networks for solving inverse problems.