cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections
Creators: name: Liu, Ying D.
name: Luhmann, Janet G.
name: Kajdič, Primož
name: Kilpua, Emilia K. J.
name: Lugaz, Noé
name: Nitta, Nariaki V.
name: Möstl, Christian
name: Lavraud, Benoit
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Farrugia, Charles J.
name: Galvin, Antoinette B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and their subsequent interplanetary disturbances. It has been unclear how an extreme space weather storm forms and how severe it can be. Here we report and investigate an extreme event with multi-point remote-sensing and in-situ observations. The formation of the extreme storm showed striking novel features. We suggest that the in-transit interaction between two closely launched coronal mass ejections resulted in the extreme enhancement of the ejecta magnetic field observed near 1 AU at STEREO A. The fast transit to STEREO A (in only 18.6 hours), or the unusually weak deceleration of the event, was caused by the preconditioning of the upstream solar wind by an earlier solar eruption. These results provide a new view crucial to solar physics and space weather as to how an extreme space weather event can arise from a combination of solar eruptions.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Signatures of Cosmic Ray Heating in 21-cm Observables
Creators: name: Gessey-Jones, T.
name: Fialkov, A.
name: Acedo, E. de Lera
name: Handley, W. J.
name: Barkana, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays generated by supernovae carry away a significant portion of the lifetime energy emission of their parent star, making them a plausible mechanism for heating the early universe intergalactic medium (IGM). Following a review of the existing literature on cosmic ray heating, we develop a flexible model of this heating mechanism for use in 3D semi-numerical 21-cm signal simulations and conduct the first investigations of the signatures it imprints on the 21-cm power spectrum and tomographic maps. We find that cosmic ray heating of the IGM is short-ranged, leading to heating clustered around star-forming sites, and a sharp contrast between heated regions of 21-cm emission and unheated regions of absorption. This contrast results in greater small-scale power for cosmic ray heated scenarios compared to what is found for X-ray heating, thus suggesting a way to test the nature of IGM heating with future 21-cm observations. Finally, we find an unexpectedly rich thermal history in models where cosmic rays can only escape efficiently from low-mass halos, such as in scenarios where these energetic particles originate from population III star supernovae remnants. The interplay of heating and the Lyman-Werner feedback in these models can produce a local peak in the IGM kinetic temperature and, for a limited parameter range, a flattened absorption trough in the global 21-cm signal.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, updated to accepted version
Blood coagulation, platelets and haematocrit 1n male, female, and pregnant Göttlngen rmmplgs
Creators: name: Petroianu, G
name: Maleck, W
name: Altmannsberger, S
name: Jatzko, A
name: Rüfer, R
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Pigs are commonly used animals for research. Information on the coagulation system of an experimental animal is essential for scholars to select an appropriate model. We present information on coagulation and haematological parameters in Giittingen breed minipigs (male, female, and pregnant). Factor activities are expressed as percentage of human activity to facilitate interspecies comparison. Protein C was significantly higher, fibrinogen and platelets were significantly lower in pregnant compared to male pigs (p < 0.001 without Bonferroni-correction, p < 0.03 with Bonferroni-correction applied). As pregnant sows were older (30 +/- 11 months) than female non-pregnant animals (age 11+/- 8 months) and boars (8 +/- 2 months) an influence of age on the observed differences can’t be excluded. The Göttingen minipig is an animal suited for studies involving coagulation Iiieasurements. It should be noted, however, that compared to normal human values factor V (about 400% human) and Factor VIII (about 300% human) are higher in Göttingen breed minipigs and that haematocrit (33% absolute) is lower.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 24 No. 1 (1997)
Bipartite magnetic parent phases in the iron-oxypnictide superconductor
Creators: name: Hiraishi, Masatoshi
name: Iimura, Soshi
name: Kojima, Kenji M.
name: Yamaura, Jun-ichi
name: Hiraka, Haruhiro
name: Ikeda, Kazutaka
name: Miao, Ping
name: Ishikawa, Yoshihisa
name: Torii, Shuki
name: Miyazaki, Masanori
name: Yamauchi, Ichihiro
name: Koda, Akihiro
name: Ishii, Kenji
name: Yoshida, Masahiro
name: Mizuki, Jun'ichiro
name: Kadono, Ryosuke
name: Kumai, Reiji
name: Kamiyama, Takashi
name: Otomo, Toshiya
name: Murakami, Youichi
name: Matsuishi, Satoru
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-temperature (high-$T_{\rm c}$) superconductivity appears as a consequence of the carrier-doping of an undoped parent compound exhibiting antiferromagnetic order; thereby, ground-state properties of the parent compound are closely relevant to the superconducting state. On the basis of the concept, a spin-fluctuation has been addressed as an origin of pairing of the superconducting electrons in cuprates. Whereas, there is growing interest in the pairing mechanism such as an unconventional spin-fluctuation or an advanced orbital-fluctuation due to the characteristic multi-orbital system in iron-pnictides. Here, we report the discovery of an antiferromagnetic order as well as a unique structural transition in electron-overdoped LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$H$_x$ ($x$ ~ 0.5), whereby another parent phase was uncovered, albeit heavily doped. The unprecedented two-dome superconducting phases observed in this material can be interpreted as a consequence of the carrier-doping starting from the original at $x\sim0$ and advanced at $x\sim0.5$ parent phases toward the intermediate region. The bipartite parent phases with distinct physical properties in the second magnetic phase provide us with an interesting example to illustrate the intimate interplay among the magnetic interaction, structural change and orbital degree of freedom in iron-pnictides.
description: 12pages, 4 figures
Autonomous decision making for solid-state synthesis of inorganic materials
Creators: name: Szymanski, Nathan J.
name: Nevatia, Pragnay
name: Bartel, Christopher J.
name: Zeng, Yan
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To aid in the automation of inorganic materials synthesis, we introduce an algorithm (ARROWS3) that guides the selection of precursors used in solid-state reactions. Given a target phase, ARROWS3 iteratively proposes experiments and learns from their outcomes to identify an optimal set of precursors that leads to maximal yield of that target. Initial experiments are selected based on thermochemical data collected from first principles calculations, which enable the identification of precursors exhibiting large thermodynamic force to form the desired target. Should the initial experiments fail, their associated reaction paths are determined by sampling a range of synthesis temperatures and identifying their products. ARROWS3 then uses this information to pinpoint which intermediate reactions consume most of the available free energy associated with the starting materials. In subsequent experimental iterations, precursors are selected to avoid such unfavorable reactions and therefore maintain a strong driving force to form the target. We validate this approach on three experimental datasets containing results from more than 200 distinct synthesis procedures. When compared to several black-box optimization algorithms, ARROWS3 identifies the most effective set of precursors for each target while requiring substantially fewer experimental iterations. These findings highlight the importance of using domain knowledge in the design of optimization algorithms for materials synthesis, which are critical for the development of fully autonomous research platforms.
Collider design issues based on proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration
Creators: name: Xia, G.
name: Mete, O.
name: Aimidula, A.
name: Welsch, C.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Mandry, S.
name: Wing, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent simulations have shown that a high-energy proton bunch can excite strong plasma wakefields and accelerate a bunch of electrons to the energy frontier in a single stage of acceleration. It therefore paves the way towards a compact future collider design using the proton beams from existing high-energy proton machines, e.g. Tevatron or the LHC. This paper addresses some key issues in designing a compact electron-positron linear collider and an electron-proton collider based on existing CERN accelerator infrastructure.
Knots and Their Related $q$-Series
Creators: name: Garoufalidis, Stavros
name: Zagier, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a matrix of periodic holomorphic functions in the upper and lower half-plane which can be obtained from a factorization of an Andersen-Kashaev state integral of a knot complement with remarkable analytic and asymptotic properties that defines a ${\rm PSL}_2({\mathbb Z})$-cocycle on the space of matrix-valued piecewise analytic functions on the real numbers. We identify the corresponding cocycle with the one coming from the Kashaev invariant of a knot (and its matrix-valued extension) via the refined quantum modularity conjecture of [arXiv:2111.06645] and also relate the matrix-valued invariant with the 3D-index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov. The cocycle also has an analytic extendability property that leads to the notion of a matrix-valued holomorphic quantum modular form. This is a tale of several independent discoveries, both empirical and theoretical, all illustrated by the three simplest hyperbolic knots.
Hadron masses and baryonic scales in $G_2$-QCD at finite density
Creators: name: Wellegehausen, Björn H.
name: Maas, Axel
name: Wipf, Andreas
name: von Smekal, Lorenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD phase diagram at densities relevant to neutron stars remains elusive, mainly due to the fermion-sign problem. At the same time, a plethora of possible phases has been predicted in models. Meanwhile $G_2$-QCD, for which the $SU(3)$ gauge group of QCD is replaced by the exceptional Lie group $G_2$, does not have a sign problem and can be simulated at such densities using standard lattice techniques. It thus provides benchmarks to models and functional continuum methods, and it serves to unravel the nature of possible phases of strongly interacting matter at high densities. Instrumental in understanding these phases is that $G_2$-QCD has fermionic baryons, and that it can therefore sustain a baryonic Fermi surface. Because the baryon spectrum of $G_2$-QCD also contains bosonic diquark and probably other more exotic states, it is important to understand this spectrum before one can disentangle the corresponding contributions to the baryon density. Here we present the first systematic study of this spectrum from lattice simulations at different quark masses. This allows us to relate the mass hierarchy, ranging from scalar would-be-Goldstone bosons and intermediate vector bosons to the $G_2$-nucleons and deltas, to individual structures observed in the total baryon density at finite chemical potential.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Probing the local dielectric function of WS2 on an Au substrate by near field optical microscopy operating in the visible spectral range
Creators: name: Garrity, Oisin
name: Rodriguez, Alvaro
name: Mueller, Niclas S.
name: Frank, Otakar
name: Kusch, Patryk
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Carbon nanotubes
subject: Optoelectronic properties
subject: Near field optical microscopy
subject: Dielectric function
subject: Graphene nanoribbons
subject: Transition metal dichalcogenides
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The optoelectronic properties of nanoscale systems such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoribbons and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are determined by their dielectric function. This complex, frequency dependent function is affected by excitonic resonances, charge transfer effects, doping, sample stress and strain, and surface roughness. Knowledge of the dielectric function grants access to a material’s transmissive and absorptive characteristics. Here we use the dual scanning near field optical microscope (dual s-SNOM) for imaging local dielectric variations and extracting dielectric function values using a pre-established mathematical inversion method. To demonstrate our approach, we studied a monolayer of WS2 on bulk Au and identified two areas with differing levels of charge transfer. The experiments highlight a further advantage of the technique: the dielectric function of contaminated samples can be measured, as dirty areas can be easily identified and excluded for the calculation, being important especially for exfoliated 2D materials (Rodriguez et al., 2021). Our measurements are corroborated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin force probe microscopy (KPFM), photoluminescence (PL) intensity mapping, and tip enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL). We extracted local dielectric variations from s-SNOM images and confirmed the reliability of the obtained values with spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (SIE) measurements.
The Impact of a Mnemonic Acronym on Learning and Performing a Procedural Task and Its Resilience Toward Interruptions
Creators: name: Radović, Tara
name: Manzey, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: interruptions
subject: sequential task
subject: resumption time
subject: goal activation
subject: sequential error
subject: mnemonic technique
subject: acronym
subject: procedure learning

description: The present study examines the potential impact of a mnemonic acronym on the learning, the execution, the resilience toward interruptions, and the mental representation of an eight-step procedural task with sequential constraints. 65 participants were required to learn a sequential task, including eight different steps which had to be carried out in a predefined sequence. 33 participants were provided with the acronym “WORTKLAU” as a mnemonic to support the learning and execution of the task and the other 32 participants had to learn and execute the task without such support. Each letter of the acronym coded one step of the task, involving a binary decision about a certain property of the complex stimulus. In 60 out of 72 trials of the task, participants were interrupted between different steps, and had to perform a 2-back interruption task for 6 or 30 s, after which they had to resume the procedural task as quickly as possible at the correct step. Learning times, performance in uninterrupted trials, and post-interruption performance measures were analyzed. Results of Experiment 1 suggest that the mnemonic acronym enhanced learning of the task sequence, and provide some evidence for a hierarchical mental representation of the task, resulting in faster resumption times at certain steps of the procedure after an interruption. In Experiment 2 the internal structure of the acronym was even emphasized by a hyphen at the borders of the two words included in the acronym (WORT-KLAU). This improved the resilience toward interruptions at the border step of the procedure significantly. Our results provide evidence for beneficial effects of mnemonic acronym particularly for the learning of a sequential procedural task. In addition, they suggest that the structure of mnemonic acronym directly impacts the mental representation of a task. Finally, they show that mnemonic acronyms could be used to improve the resilience toward detrimental effect of interruptions, at least at certain task steps of a procedural task.
The effect of oral corticosterone, prolactin and prolactin deprivation on weight gain and locomotor function in neonatal rats
Creators: name: Kerton, Angela
name: Hau, Jann
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: In order to simulate the elevated corticosteroid and prolactin levels that offspring of stressed mothers may be subjected during breast feeding, rat pups were treated daily with oral corticosterone (200ng/ml milk intake) or prolactin (140ng/ml milk intake) from the 2nd to the 151h postnatal day. To investigate the potential influence of reduced prolactin intake, the mothers were either treated with bromocriptine (2ug—12ug/rat/day) or 1% ethanol (vehicle). The rat pups were subjected to swim tests from their 8th postnatal day to examine their neuromuscular development. Results from swim tests showed latency in development in the prolactin, corticosterone and prolactin deprived/cortieosterone administered groups, compared with the controls. There was decreased daily weight gains in the treatment groups compared to the control. This study demonstrates that increased prolactin and corticosterone and decreased prolactin combined with elevated enrticoi sterone levels to which suckling neonates were exposed to, had a significant negative effect on their neuromuscular adaptive mechanism involved in the normal development of the locomotor system.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 24 No. 1 (1997)
Additional file 4 of Multi-targeted gene silencing strategies inhibit replication of Canine morbillivirus
Creators: name: Otávio Valério De Carvalho
name: Santos, Marcus Rebouças
name: Fietto, Juliana Lopes Rangel
name: Moraes, Mauro Pires
name: Almeida, Márcia Rogéria De
name: Bressan, Gustavo Costa
name: Lindomar José Pena
name: Silva-Júnior, Abelardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Primers used in real-time and conventional RT-PCR assays for CDV.
Carbon nanotubes for the optical far-field readout of processes that are mediated by plasmonic near-fields
Creators: name: Gläske, Mareen
name: Kusch, Patryk
name: Mueller, N. S.
name: Setaro, Antonio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Carbon nanotubes
subject: Nanorods
subject: Plasmonics
subject: Quantum mechanics
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: As science progresses at the nanoscopic level, it becomes more and more important to comprehend the interactions taking place at the nanoscale, where optical near-fields play a key role. Their phenomenology differs significantly from the propagative light we experience at the macroscopic level. This is particularly important in applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies for single-molecule detection, where often the optimization of the plasmonic structures and surfaces relies on far-field characterizations. The processes dominating in the far-field picture, though, are not the same dominating in the near-field. To highlight this, we resort to very simple metallic systems: isolated gold nanorods in solution. We show how single-walled nanotubes can be exploited to read out processes occurring at the near-field level around metallic nanoparticles and make the information accessible in the far-field region. This is implemented by monitoring the spectral profile of the enhancement of the photoluminescence and Raman signal of the nanotubes for several excitation wavelengths. Through this excitation-resolved study, we show that the far-field optical readout detects the transversal and longitudinal dipolar plasmonic oscillations of gold nanorods, whereas the near-field readout through the nanotubes reveals other mechanisms to dominate. The spectral position of the maximum enhancement of the optical near-field mediated signals are located elsewhere than the far-field bands. This dichotomy between near-field and far-field response should be taken into account when optimizing plasmonic nanostructures for applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
Caracterización de los costos de la flota atunera mexicana en el Océano Pacífico Oriental /
Creators: name: Cardenas Zermeno, Elena Thelina
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SH231 C37 1998

description: Se realizó una caracterización de los costos de la operación de la flota atunera mexicana que opera en el Océano Pacífico Oriental, así como una clasificación de la flota de acuerdo a su capacidad de acarreo, tipo y arte de pesca.
Hydrodynamic instabilities in a highly radiative environment
Creators: name: Rigon, G.
name: Albertazzi, B.
name: Mabey, Paul
name: Michel, Th.
name: Barroso, P.
name: Faenov, A.
name: Kumar, R.
name: Michaut, C.
name: Pikuz, T.
name: Sakawa, Y.
name: Sano, T.
name: Shimogawara, H.
name: Tamatani, S.
name: Casner, A.
name: Koenig, M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Shock waves
subject: Flow instabilities
subject: Optical imaging
subject: Fluid instabilities
subject: Radiative gas dynamics
subject: Radiography
subject: Astrophysics
subject: Lasers
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: In this paper, we present the effects of a radiative shock (RS) on the morphology of jet-like objects subjected to hydrodynamic instabilities. To this end, we used an experimental platform developed to create RSs on high energy laser facilities such as LULI2000 and GEKKO XII. Here, we employed modulated targets to initiate Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) growth in the presence of an RS. The RS is obtained by generating a strong shock in a dense pusher that expands into a low-density xenon gas. With our design, only a limited RTI growth occurs in the absence of radiative effects. A strongly radiative shock has opposite effects on RTI growth. While its deceleration enhances the instability growth, the produced radiations tend to stabilize the interfaces. Our indirect experimental observations suggest a lower instability growth despite the interface deceleration. In addition, the jets, produced during the experiment, are relevant to astrophysical structures such as Herbig–Haro objects or other radiatively cooling jets.
Dynamical Methods for Target Control of Biological Networks
Creators: name: Parmer, Thomas
name: Radicchi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimating the influence that individual nodes have on one another in a Boolean network is essential to predict and control the system's dynamical behavior, for example, detecting key therapeutic targets to control pathways in models of biological signaling and regulation. Exact estimation is generally not possible due to the fact that the number of configurations that must be considered grows exponentially with the system size. However, approximate, scalable methods exist in the literature. These methods can be divided in two main classes: (i) graph-theoretic methods that rely on representations of Boolean dynamics into static graphs, (ii) and mean-field approaches that describe average trajectories of the system but neglect dynamical correlations. Here, we compare systematically the performance of these state-of-the-art methods on a large collection of real-world gene regulatory networks. We find comparable performance across methods. All methods underestimate the ground truth, with mean-field approaches having a better recall but a worse precision than graph-theoretic methods. Computationally speaking, graph-theoretic methods are faster than mean-field ones in sparse networks, but are slower in dense networks. The preference of which method to use, therefore, depends on a network's connectivity and the relative importance of recall vs. precision for the specific application at hand.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary Material available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6882405
Effects of a mixed administration of selenium and diazinon on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes in rat
Creators: name: Szarek, Jozef
name: Przybylska-Gornowicz, Barbara
name: Zasadowski, Arkadiusz
name: Fabczak, Jacek
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Sodium selenite administered to rats in drinking water, at a dose of 0.40 ppm for 12 days, caused proliferation of the rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum and their necrosis. These changes were most intensive 24 hours p.i. and persisted until 72 hours p.i. They were accompanied by mitochondria intumeseence, their partial degradation and glycogen atrophy, most noticeable 72 hours p.i. Diazinon adrninisteredper as at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.m. twice at 6-day intervals caused necrosis of the rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum. The changes set in at a slower pace than following selenium administration and none were observed 14 days p.i. Treatment with sodium selenite and subsequent exposure to diazinon induced ultrastructural changes in the rat hepatocytes, which were more intensive and accompanied by an intumeseenee of Golgi complex and cell vacuolisation. In these cases the submicroscopic changes were most noticeable 1 and 3 days p.i. Necrotic hepatocytes were observed 14 days p.i.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 24 No. 1 (1997)
Oblivious transfer based on quantum state computational distinguishability
Creators: name: Souto, A.
name: Mateus, P.
name: Adão, P.
name: Paunković, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Oblivious transfer protocol is a basic building block in cryptography and is used to transfer information from a sender to a receiver in such a way that, at the end of the protocol, the sender does not know if the receiver got the message or not. Since Shor's quantum algorithm appeared, the security of most of classical cryptographic schemes has been compromised, as they rely on the fact that factoring is unfeasible. To overcome this, quantum mechanics has been used intensively in the past decades, and alternatives resistant to quantum attacks have been developed in order to fulfill the (potential) lack of security of a significant number of classical schemes. In this paper, we present a quantum computationally secure protocol for oblivious transfer between two parties, under the assumption of quantum hardness of state distinguishability. The protocol is feasible, in the sense that it is implementable in polynomial time.
New structures in scattering amplitudes: a review
Creators: name: Benincasa, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some recent developments in the understanding of field theories in the perturbative regime. In particular, we discuss the notions of analyticity, unitarity and locality, and therefore the singularity structure of scattering amplitudes in general interacting theories. We describe their tree-level structure and their on-shell representations, as well as the links between the tree-level structure itself and the structure of the loop amplitudes. Finally, we describe the on-shell diagrammatics recently proposed both on general grounds and in the remarkable example of planar supersymmetric theories. This review is partially based on lectures given at: Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Bologna; Departamento de Fısica de Partıculas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; and as part of the program Strings@ar Lectures on Advanced Topics of High Energy Physics held at the IAFE
description: 47 pages, 14 figures, Invited review in IJMPA
Mice Infected With Mouse Hepatitis Virus Shed Diagnostically Detectable Amounts of IgA in Feces
Creators: name: Hansen, Axel Kornerup
name: Skovgaard-Jensen, Hans-Jorgen
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Fecal pellets were sampled randomly from two breeding and four experimental units for laboratory mice. 1 breeding unit and 1 experimental unit was infected with Mouse Hepazistis Virus (MHV), while this infection was not found in the other four units. By the use of Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) it was shown that up to 20 % of the mice from the infected units had detectable levels of MHV-specific IgA in feces. By weekly screening of feces from sentinel mice from the infected breeding unit it was found, that the highest number of mice with detectable MHV-specific lgA in feces was found four weeks after infection, as more than half of the examined fecal pellets were positive during this period. Hereafter, the numbers of positives declined, until no fecal pellets containing MHV-specific IgA were found in week 10 after infection. The possibilities of using lgA monitoring in routine health monitoring are dismissed.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 24 No. 2 (1997)
Emergence of Rashba spin valley state in two-dimensional strained bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se
Creators: name: Umar, Muhammad Darwis
name: Falihin, Lalu Dalilul
name: Lukmantoro, Arief
name: Harsojo
name: Absor, Moh. Adhib Ulil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental evidence of the ultra-high electron mobility and strong spin-orbit coupling in the two-dimensional (2D) layered bismuth-based oxyselenide, Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se, makes it a potential material for spintronic devices. However, its spin-related properties have not been extensively studied due to the centrosymmetric nature of its crystal structure. By using first-principles density-functional theory calculation, this study reports the emergence of Rashba-spin-valley states in Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se monolayer (ML). Breaking the crystal inversion symmetry of Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se ML using an external electric field enables the Rashba-spin-valley formation, causing the appearance of the Rashba-type splitting around the $Γ$ valley and spin-valley coupling at the $D$ valleys located near the middle of $Γ-M$ line. In addition to the typical Rashba-type spin textures around the $Γ$ valley, the study also observed in-plane unidirectional spin textures around the $D$ valleys, which is a rare phenomenon in 2D materials. The observed Rashba-spin-valley states are driven by the lowering point group symmetry of the crystal from $D_{4h}$ to $C_{4v}$ enforced by the electric field, as clarified through $\vec{k}\cdot\vec{p}$ model derived from symmetry analysis. More importantly, tuning the Rashba and spin-valley states by using biaxial strain offers a promising route to regulate the spin textures and spin splitting preventing the electron from back-scattering in spin transport. Finally, we proposed a more realistic system, namely, Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se ML/SrTiO$_{3}$ (001) heterointerface that supports the strong Rashba-spin-valley states and highlighting the potential of the Bi$_{2}$O$_{2}$Se ML for future spintronics and valleytronics-based devices.
description: 7 Figures
title: Einheit und Vielfalt im Grundrechtsschutz der Europäischen Union
title: Überlegungen im Lichte der Beschlüsse des BVerfG zum Recht auf Vergessen I und II
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Calliess, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Jura
subject: Europäische Union
subject: Grundrechtsschutz
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: Mit seinen Beschlüssen zum »Recht auf Vergessen« (RaV) vom 6. November 2019[1] hat der Erste Senat des BVerfG eine Trendwende im Hinblick auf das Verhältnis von nationalen zu europäischen Grundrechten eingeleitet: Die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union (GRCh) wird in Abweichung von der bisherigen Rechtsprechung, die von einer strikten Trennung der Prüf- und Zuständigkeitssphären ausging, nunmehr zum unmittelbaren Prüfungsmaßstab für das BVerfG. Ferner wird für Bereiche, in denen das Unionsrecht den Mitgliedstaaten Spielräume lässt, eine widerlegbare Vermutung dafür ausgesprochen, dass die deutschen Grundrechte die Garantie der Unionsgrundrechte in aller Regel mitgewährleisten. Zugleich wird der Weg für eine parallele Anwendung von nationalen und europäischen Grundrechten geebnet. Dem föderalen Verbunddenken entsprechend betont das BVerfG die Kooperation mit dem Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union (EuGH), gleichwohl wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob es sich damit zur zentralen Kontrollinstanz für die Einhaltung deutscher und europäischer Grundrechte in Deutschland macht.
On Calculation of Lattice Energy in Spatially Confined Domains
Creators: name: Bilotsky, Yevgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaluation of internal energy and the inter-atomic or ionic interactions in a crystal lattice usually requires precise calculation of lattice sums. This in the case of small nano-particles (as space-limited domains) presents several challenges, as conventional methods are usually valid only for infinite lattices, tailored for a specific potential. In this work, a new method has been developed for calculation of atomic interactions based on the radial density function with the geometric probability approach, extended to arbitrary fixed lattices and potentials in a nano-particle.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
A new rat model for the study of obesity
Creators: name: Giridharan, N
name: Harishankar, N
name: Satyavani, M
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The currently used raL models of obesity and diabetes are derived from either Zucker or from Koletsky rats. Recently, we identified a spontaneous obese rat from out Wistar colony which is maintained as an inbred stock for the past 75 years. Initially, one of the male progeny in a litter was observed to have abnormal body weight for its age. The parents of this ral were identified, the progeny selectively bred, and a colony has been developed. This is designated as WNIN-0b. The colony is maintained by mating heterozygous animals (+/ob), as the homozygous (ob/ob) were found to be infertile. The trait is carried as an autosomal recessive mutation and the colony is currenfly in F7 generation. Obesity is visible in these mutants around 35 days of age. They are hyperphagic and reach a body weight of 500—600 g by 105 days of age. “Kinky” tail is characteristic of this mutant and this is visible around 50-60 days. Sexual maturity is delayed in female obese mutants, as judged by the day of vaginal opening. The animals are cuglyccmic and show hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, arid hypercholesterolemia. Another mutant showing hyperglycemia is also obtained from the obese colony. Unlike earlier models which are essentially derived from a randomAbred stock, this is the first report of a rat obese model, developed spontaneously from an inbred strain.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 23 No. 3 (1996)
Surgical cup placement affects the heating up of total joint hip replacements
Creators: name: Damm, Philipp
name: Bender, Alwina
name: Waldheim, Vivian
name: Winkler, Tobias
name: Duda, Georg N.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: total hip arthroplasty (THA)
subject: total joint hip replacements
subject: Surgical cup placement
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The long-term success of highly effective total hip arthroplasty (THA) is mainly restricted by aseptic loosening, which is widely associated with friction between the head and cup liner. However, knowledge of the in vivo joint friction and resulting temperature increase is limited. Employing a novel combination of in vivo and in silico technologies, we analyzed the hypothesis that the intraoperatively defined implant orientation defines the individual joint roofing, friction and its associated temperature increase. A total of 38,000 in vivo activity trials from a special group of 10 subjects with instrumented THA implants with an identical material combination were analyzed and showed a significant link between implant orientation, joint kinematics, joint roofing and friction-induced temperature increase but surprisingly not with acting joint contact force magnitude. This combined in vivo and in silico analysis revealed that cup placement in relation to the stem is key to the in vivo joint friction and heating-up of THA. Thus, intraoperative placement, and not only articulating materials, should be the focus of further improvements, especially for young and more active patients.
Healthier and happier animal technicians - happier animals
Creators: name: Mikkola, Marlene
name: Koskinen, Anneli
name: Jaakkola, Ulla-Marju
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: In order to maintain a high standard in laboratory animal husbandry the health, well-being and work motivation of the animal technicians are very important. The work is physically and mentally strenuous. Musculoskeletal disorders lead to long term absenteeisms, and as the average age among technicians is high disability pensions are increasing. It is believed that early rehabilitation can result in more effective utilization of the employees' work ing capacity by decreasing the amount of sickleave taken and increasing performance levels in daily tasks. It can also reduce the costs of disability pensions. In the Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, an early rehabilitation programme was set. up in August 1994. The laboratory head and 12 animal technicians took part and the programme was voluntary. It consisted of physical fitness tests, physical exercise groups, phychological discussions and a lecture on ergonomics. The aim of the programme was to test basic endurance, motivate physical exercise, provide knowledge on ergonomy and help in dealing with stress and problem solving The results, though mainly descriptive at the moment, were promising, indicating that by decreasing symptoms and work-related stress it is possible to maintain and improve the employees’ health and working capacity, Motivation to keep up physical fitness increased, both in and out of work.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 23 No. 3 (1996)
Dust attenuation law in JWST galaxies at z = 7-8
Creators: name: Markov, V.
name: Gallerani, S.
name: Pallottini, A.
name: Sommovigo, L.
name: Carniani, S.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Parlanti, E.
name: Di Mascia, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attenuation curves in galaxies depend on dust chemical composition, content, and grain size distribution. Such parameters are related to intrinsic galaxy properties such as metallicity, star formation rate, and stellar age. Due to the lack of observational constraints at high redshift, dust empirical curves measured in the local Universe (e.g. Calzetti and SMC curves) have been employed to describe the dust attenuation at early epochs. We exploit the high sensitivity and spectral resolution of the JWST to constrain the dust attenuation curves in high-z galaxies. Our goals are to check whether dust attenuation curves evolve with redshift and quantify the dependence of the inferred galaxy properties on the assumed dust attenuation law. We develop a modified version of the SED fitting code BAGPIPES by including a detailed dust attenuation curve parametrization. Dust parameters are derived, along with galaxy properties, from the fit to the data from FUV to mm bands. Once applied to three star-forming galaxies at z = 7-8, we find that their attenuation curves differ from local templates. One out of three galaxies shows a characteristic MW bump, typically associated to the presence of small carbonaceous dust grains such as PAHs. This is one of the first evidences suggesting the presence of PAHs in early galaxies. Galaxy properties such as stellar mass and SFR inferred from SED fitting are strongly affected by the assumed attenuation curve, though the adopted star formation history also plays a major role. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the potential diversity of dust attenuation laws when analyzing the properties of galaxies at the EoR, whose dust properties are still poorly understood. The application of our method to a larger sample of galaxies observed with JWST can provide us important insights into the properties of dust and galaxies in the early universe.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Constraining the vertical structure of the Milky Way rotation by microlensing in a finite-width global disk model
Creators: name: Jałocha, Joanna
name: Sikora, Szymon
name: Bratek, Łukasz
name: Kutschera, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we model the vertical structure of mass distribution of the Milky Way galaxy in the framework of a finite-width global disk model. Assuming the Galactic rotation curve only, we test inside the solar orbit the predictions of the model for two measurable and unrelated to each other processes: the gravitational microlensing that allows to fix the disk width-scale by the best fit to measurements, and the vertical gradient of rotation modelled in the quasi-circular orbits approximation. The former is sensitive to the gravitating mass in compact objects and the latter is sensitive to all kinds of gravitating matter. The analysis points to a small width-scale of the considered disks and, at most, insignificant contribution of non-baryonic dark mater in the solar circle. The predicted high vertical gradient values in the rotation are consistent with the gradient measurements.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
On the safety studies of the antiestrogens toremifene and tamoxifen
Creators: name: Hirsmäki, Pirjo
name: Hirsmäki, Yrjö
name: Nieminen, Lauri
name: Karlsson, Stefan
name: Mäntylä, Eero
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The safety studies of the two triphenylethylene antiestrogen dings, tamoxifen and toremifene, are discussed. Tamoxifen has been shown to be a strong hepatocarcinogen in rats in several independent toxicity studies but the new antiestrogen toremifene is not a liepatocareinogen. A genotoxie mechanism is involved in tamoxifen-induced hepatocareinogenesis and the species responsible for this genotoxic effect are apparently reactive metabolites of the drug. The activation of tamoxifen to genotoxie metabolite(s) may be mediated by cytochrome P450 isoenzyines (mainly CYP3A). Tamoxifen induces high levels of DNA adducts in experimental animals in vivo and in vitro. Toremifene produces no significant amount of adducts. In long-term studies tamoxifen induces also endometrial preneoplastic lesions and some squamous cell carcinomas in the rat. Equimolar dose levels of toremifene do not produce these lesions. In humans tamoxifen increases the risk for endometrial cancers and possibly also the risk for gastrointestinal cancers.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 23 No. 3 (1996)
HPA Cell Segmentation (DPNUnet)
Creators: name: Xu, Hao
name: Ouyang, Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bioimage.io
bioimage.io:model
nucleus-segmentation

description: Download RDF Package
HPA Cell segmentation model This is the official baseline cell segmentation model provided to the participants of the Human Protein Atlas - Single Cell Classification competition held in 2021. The model is a DPN-Unet adopted from the top winning model of 2018 Data Science Bowl competition for nuclei segmentation. It's a U-Net variation predicting a two-channel border mask. See here for more details. In this implementation, the same DPN-Unet model was trained on around 300 cell images from the Human Protein Atlas with slightly different post processing. The full training dataset along with the trained weights were published at https://zenodo.org/record/4430893. To run this baseline model with the orignal pytorch weigths, see hpa cell segmentator.
description: Cell segmentation model for segmenting images from the Human Protein Atlas (Uploaded via https://bioimage.io)
Revisiting the black hole mass of M87* using VLT/MUSE Adaptive Optics Integral Field Unit data I: Ionized gas kinematics
Creators: name: Osorno, J.
name: Nagar, N.
name: Richtler, T.
name: Humire, P.
name: Gebhardt, K.
name: Gultekin, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar dynamic-based black hole mass measurements of M87 are twice that determined via ionized gas kinematics; the former is closer to the estimation from the diameter of the gravitationally-lensed ring around the black hole. Using deeper and more comprehensive ionized gas kinematic data, we aim to better constrain the morphology and kinematics of the nuclear ionized gas, thus gaining insights into the reasons behind the disagreement of the measurements. We use both Narrow and Wide Field Mode integral field spectroscopic data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument, to model the morphology and kinematics of multiple ionized gas emission lines in the nucleus of M87. The new deep dataset reveals complexities in the nuclear ionized gas kinematics. Several ionized gas filaments can be traced down into the projected sphere of influence. We also found evidence of a partially-filled biconical outflow. The velocity isophotes of the ionized gas disk are twisted and the position angle of the innermost gas disk tends toward a value perpendicular to the radio jet axis. The complexity of the nuclear morphology and kinematics precludes the measurement of an accurate black hole mass. The results support a 6.0 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$ black hole in a 25°disk, rather than a 3.5 $\times 10^{9}\rm M_{\odot}$ black hole in a 42°disk. The specific RIAF model earlier proposed to reconcile the mass measurement discrepancy was also tested. In general, Keplerian disk models perform better than the RIAF model when fitting the sub-arcsec ionized gas disk. A disk inclination close to 25°for the nuclear gas disk, and the warp in the sub-arcsec ionized gas disk, help to reconcile the contradictory nature of the mass discrepancy between stellar and ionized gas black hole masses, and the mis-orientation between the axes of the ionized gas disk and the jet.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures (5 of them in the appendix). Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics