cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data-Flow-Based Extension of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec)
Creators: name: Yu, Jinghua
name: Wagner, Stefan
name: Luo, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Security analysis is an essential activity in security engineering to identify potential system vulnerabilities and achieve security requirements in the early design phases. Due to the increasing complexity of modern systems, traditional approaches, which only consider component failures and simple cause-and-effect linkages, lack the power to identify insecure incidents caused by complex interactions among physical systems, human and social entities. By contrast, a top-down System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec) approach views losses as resulting from interactions, focuses on controlling system vulnerabilities instead of external threats and is applicable for complex socio-technical systems. In this paper, we proposed an extension of STPA-Sec based on data flow structures to overcome STPA-Sec's limitations and achieve security constraints of information-critical systems systematically. We analyzed a Bluetooth digital key system of a vehicle by using both the proposed and the original approach to investigate the relationship and differences between both approaches as well as their applicability and highlights. To conclude, the proposed approach can identify more information-related problems with technical details and be used with other STPA-based approaches to co-design systems in multi-disciplines under the unified STPA process framework.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to IEEE Systems Journal
Collective excitations and universal broadening of cyclotron absorption in Dirac semimetals in a quantizing magnetic field
Creators: name: Yasnov, D. I.
name: Protogenov, A. P.
name: Echenique, P. M.
name: Chulkov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of electromagnetic collective excitations in Dirac semimetals placed in a quantizing magnetic field is considered. We have found the Landau damping regions using the energy and momentum conservation law for allowed transitions between one-particle states of electron excitations. Analysis of dispersion equations for longitudinal and transverse waves near the window boundaries in the Landau damping regions reveals different types of collective excitations. We also indicate the features of universal broadening of cyclotron absorption for a magnetic field variation in systems with linear dispersion of the electron spectrum. The use of the obtained spectrum also allows us to predict a number of oscillation and resonance effects in the field of magneto-optical phenomena.
description: 7 pages, 4 eps figures
THE EMPIRICAL IMPACT OF BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN ON A GROUP OF NEW YORK DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Stefanides, Zdenko
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Stefanides, Zdenko
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The empirical impact of rBST was measured for 211 dairy farms using 1993-95 data. Farms applying rBST on roughly half of their herds saw, on average, a net increase of about 1,300 pounds of milk per cow per year. The impact on profits, was, however, not statistically different from zero.
Orbital and spin physics in LiNiO2 and NaNiO2
Creators: name: Reitsma, Albert J. W.
name: Feiner, Louis F.
name: Oles', Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a spin-orbital Hamiltonian for a triangular lattice of e_g orbital degenerate (Ni^{3+}) transition metal ions interacting via 90 degree superexchange involving (O^{2-}) anions, taking into account the on-site Coulomb interactions on both the anions and the transition metal ions. The derived interactions in the spin-orbital model are strongly frustrated, with the strongest orbital interactions selecting different orbitals for pairs of Ni ions along the three different lattice directions. In the orbital ordered phase, favoured in mean field theory, the spin-orbital interaction can play an important role by breaking the U(1) symmetry generated by the much stronger orbital interaction and restoring the threefold symmetry of the lattice. As a result the effective magnetic exchange is non-uniform and includes both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin interactions. Since ferromagnetic interactions still dominate, this offers yet insufficient explanation for the absence of magnetic order and the low-temperature behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility of stoichiometric LiNiO_2. The scenario proposed to explain the observed difference in the physical properties of LiNiO_2 and NaNiO_2 includes small covalency of Ni-O-Li-O-Ni bonds inducing weaker interplane superexchange in LiNiO_2, insufficient to stabilize orbital long-range order in the presence of stronger intraplane competition between superexchange and Jahn-Teller coupling.
description: 33 pages, 12 postscript figures, uses iopams.sty . This article features in New Journal of Physics as part of a Focus Issue on Orbital Physics - all contributions may be freely accessed at (http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/6/i=1/a=E05). The published version of this article may be found at http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/7/121
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Volume 12: Costs of Production
Creators: name: McElroy, Robert G.
name: McElroy, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Costs of production
subject: costs and returns
subject: budget generator

description: The Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates annual costs of production for major crops and livestock enterprises. Survey data, the main sources for these estimates, are compiled into a computerized budget generator to estimate enterprise budgets at regional and national levels. Each budget contains estimates of cash receipts, itemized cash expenses, economic (full ownership) costs, yields, prices, and net returns. This report describes the estimation procedures and the data sources for making the estimates
description: This set of 12 volumes on the Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook No. 671) is the second revision that supersedes the original volumes published during 1957-60. The first revision was completed in 1972.
THE EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL QUALITY: A METHODOLOGY FOR MEASUREMENT AND SOME LAND MARKET IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We apply two innovative econometric approaches to crop trials data to examine effects of rotations and fertilizer use on dynamics of soil quality and corn yields. First, we develop a random coefficients model of yield responses to nitrogen fertilizer and rotations to evaluate both short- and long-run substitutability of N fertilizer for rotation. Second, we construct a dynamic structural model to explicitly recover an indirect but general measure of soil quality. The results yield insights about optimal soil-conserving investments under asymmetric information.
2D Image Features Detector And Descriptor Selection Expert System
Creators: name: Merino, Ibon
name: Azpiazu, Jon
name: Remazeilles, Anthony
name: Sierra, Basilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection and description of keypoints from an image is a well-studied problem in Computer Vision. Some methods like SIFT, SURF or ORB are computationally really efficient. This paper proposes a solution for a particular case study on object recognition of industrial parts based on hierarchical classification. Reducing the number of instances leads to better performance, indeed, that is what the use of the hierarchical classification is looking for. We demonstrate that this method performs better than using just one method like ORB, SIFT or FREAK, despite being fairly slower.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables
Brush Effects on DNA Chips: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Design Guidlines
Creators: name: Halperin, A.
name: Buhot, A.
name: Zhulina, E. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In biology experiments, oligonucleotide microarrays are contacted with a solution of long nucleic acid (NA) targets. The hybridized probes thus carry long tails. When the surface density of the oligonucleotide probes is high enough, the progress of hybridization leads to the formation of a polyelectrolyte brush due to mutual crowding of the NA tails. The free energy penalty associated with the brush modifies both the hybridization isotherms and the rate equations: the attainable hybridization is lowered significantly as is the hybridization rate. While the equilibrium hybridization fraction, $x_{eq}$, is low, the hybridization follows a Langmuir type isotherm, $x_{eq}/(1-x_{eq}) = c_t K$ where $c_t$ is the target concentration and $K$ is the equilibrium constant smaller than its bulk value by a factor $(n/N)^{2/5}$ due to wall effects where $n$ and $N$ denote the number of bases in the probe and the target. At higher $x_{eq}$, when the brush is formed, the leading correction is $x_{eq}/(1-x_{eq}) = c_t K \exp [ - const' (x_{eq}^{2/3} - x_B^{2/3})]$ where $x_B$ corresponds to the onset of the brush regime. The denaturation rate constant in the two regimes are identical. However, the hybridization rate constant in the brush regime is lower, the leading correction being $\exp [- const' (x^{2/3} - x_B^{2/3})]$.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures (one figure in PNG format : figure1)
A STRUCTURAL-EQUATION GME ESTIMATOR
Creators: name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Cardell, N. Scott
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Cardell, N. Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A generalized maximum entropy estimator is developed for the linear simultaneous equations systems model. We provide results on large and small sample properties of the estimator. Empirical results illustrate efficiency advantages of the generalized maximum entropy estimator proposed in this study over traditional estimators (e.g., 2SLS and 3SLS).
A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS TO REDUCE STREAM TEMPERATURE AT THE WATERSHED SCALE
Creators: name: Mooney, Sian
name: Eisgruber, Ludwig M.
name: Mooney, Sian
name: Eisgruber, Ludwig M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: A cost-effectiveness frontier is developed to compare economic and environmental tradeoffs associated with planting a riparian buffer to reduce stream temperature at the watershed scale. Results indicate that total welfare change and its distribution among sectors vary between scenarios. The policy selected may differ if riparian plantings are voluntary rather than mandatory.
THE 1996 FAIR ACT: MEASURING THE IMPACTS ON LAND LEASING
Creators: name: Parsch, Lucas D.
name: Bierlen, Ralph W.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Parsch, Lucas D.
name: Bierlen, Ralph W.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Public Economics

description: Major innovations of the 1996 FAIR Act are PFC payments and almost complete planting flexibility. Because payments are attached to the land and not production, landlords are thought to capture most of the PFC payments. With the use of a November 1997 operator survey of cropland leasing arrangements in the Mississippi Delta of Arkansas, the current study investigates changes in crop mixes on leased land, operator attitudes concerning the operator/landlord sharing of FAIR Act benefits, and changes in leasing arrangements as a results of the FAIR Act. Although a number of operators agree that landlords disproportionately benefit from the FAIR Act, about three-quarters felt that there was not change or had no opinion. Similarly, we find little evidence that the arrangements of existing leases changed as a result of the FAIR Act. However, a number of operators report that leases were either terminated or added as a result of the FAIR Act.
Performance improvements for bFS
Creators: name: Carton, Ross W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The traditional file system was designed on the premise that it would be deployed within a trusted and restricted administrative domain, i.e. the domain was restricted to a set of users managed by a trusted system administrator. The Internet is neither trusted nor restricted, so a file system to be deployed on the Internet challenges the traditional file system model. bFS [8] is a file system model and implementation that addresses the challenges raised by deploying a file system on the Internet. These challenges are very real, as Internet-based storage providers become more prevalent. The original bFS implementation was a completely functional prototype, however it suffered from very poor performance. This thesis describes an improved implementation, and shows that its performance now compares favourably to plain unencrypted NFS.
A dichotomy in radio jet orientations
Creators: name: Kleijn, Gijs Verdoes
name: de Zeeuw, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the relative orientations of radio jets, central dust and stars in low-power (i.e., FR I and FR I/II) radio galaxies. We use the position angles of jet and dust to constrain the three-dimensional angle $θ_{\rm DJ}$ between jet and dust. For galaxies with filamentary dust 'lanes' (which tend to be misaligned with the galaxy major axis) the jet is approximately perpendicular to the dust structure, while for galaxies with elliptical dust distributions (typically aligned with the galaxy major axis) there is a much wider distribution of $θ_{\rm DJ}$. nThe dust ellipses are consistent with being nearly circular thin disks viewed at random viewing angles. The lanes are likely warped, unsettled dust structures. We consider two scenarios to explain the dust/jet orientation dichotomy.
description: 4pages, submitted to "QSO Hosts: Evolution and Environment", P.D. Barthel, D.B. Sanders, eds., August 2005, New Astr. Rev. Detailed description of analysis available in 2005 A&A 435,43 (astro-ph/0502075)
DYNAMIC LINKAGES BETWEEN PRICES AND IMPORTS FOR JAPANESE FROZEN TUNA
Creators: name: Lei, Li-Fen
name: Sun, Lih-Chyun
name: Liu, His-Chiang
name: Lei, Li-Fen
name: Sun, Lih-Chyun
name: Liu, His-Chiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: VAR models have been used to describe the dynamic relationships among market price, Japanese harvest, import-from-Taiwan, and import-from-Korea for frozen Big-Eye tuna and Yellow-Fin tuna markets in Japan. It is found that tuna imports from South Korea exert more significant effects on Japan market prices than import-from-Taiwan.
Deep Learning for Apple Diseases: Classification and Identification
Creators: name: Khan, Asif Iqbal
name: Quadri, SMK
name: Banday, Saba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diseases and pests cause huge economic loss to the apple industry every year. The identification of various apple diseases is challenging for the farmers as the symptoms produced by different diseases may be very similar, and may be present simultaneously. This paper is an attempt to provide the timely and accurate detection and identification of apple diseases. In this study, we propose a deep learning based approach for identification and classification of apple diseases. The first part of the study is dataset creation which includes data collection and data labelling. Next, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on the prepared dataset for automatic classification of apple diseases. CNNs are end-to-end learning algorithms which perform automatic feature extraction and learn complex features directly from raw images, making them suitable for wide variety of tasks like image classification, object detection, segmentation etc. We applied transfer learning to initialize the parameters of the proposed deep model. Data augmentation techniques like rotation, translation, reflection and scaling were also applied to prevent overfitting. The proposed CNN model obtained encouraging results, reaching around 97.18% of accuracy on our prepared dataset. The results validate that the proposed method is effective in classifying various types of apple diseases and can be used as a practical tool by farmers.
DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-10S, "FARM-LEVEL ANALYSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"
Creators: name: Sanders, John H.
name: Ahmed, Mohamed A. M.
name: Sanders, John H.
name: Ahmed, Mohamed A. M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Micro and farm level data are used to analyze issues of pesticide use, declining fertilized grass-legume pastures, land resource degradation, and intensification and specialization. Health Costs and Externalities of Pesticide Use in Locust and Grasshopper Control in the Sahel Victorin Houndekon, Universite National de Benin; Hugo De Groote, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Investment Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Depreciation: Improved Pastures in Uruguay Javier Ekboir, Lovell Jarvis, and Carlos Rey, University of California-Davis. Stabilization of Upland Rice Production Under Shortened Fallow in West Africa: Research Priority Setting in a Dynamic Environment and Economic Climate Timothy Dalton, Mathias Becker, and David Johnson. Long-Run Striga Control by Subsistence Farmers in Mali, Jeffrey D. Mullen, Demba Kebe, Daniel B. Taylor, Makan Fofana.
A note on Veronese varieties
Creators: name: Barile, Margherita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25; 14M10; 14M12; 14F20; 20J06

description: We show that for every prime $p$, there is a class of Veronese varieties which are set-theoretic complete intersections if and only if the ground field has characteristic $p$.
ediarum.MINUTES.edit in der ediarum-Entwicklung (Arbeits- und Publikationsumgebung für digitale Editionsvorhaben)
Creators: name: Arndt, Nadine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digitale Edition
ediarum
Arbeitsumgebung
Virtuelle Forschungsumgebung
TEI
TELOTA
Protokolle

description: Die digitale Arbeitsumgebung "ediarum" ist eine von TELOTA aus mehreren Softwarekomponenten entwickelte Lösung, die es den Forschenden erlaubt, Transkriptionen von Manuskripten in TEI-konformem XML zu bearbeiten, mit einem Text- und Sachapparat zu versehen und anschließend auch – ohne weitere größere Arbeit – im Druck und im Web zu veröffentlichen. 

Der Dokumenttyp „Protokoll“ ist neuartig innerhalb der ediarum-Modulentwicklung, weswegen mit ediarum.MINUTES.edit nun ein weiteres Basismodul mit entsprechen-den Features für Protokoll- und Akteneditionen bereitgestellt wird.

Die Präsentation wurde bei einem Workshop im Rahmen des Relaunchs der Online-Präsentation „Die Kabinettsprotokolle der Bundesregierung“ am 27. November 2023 an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gehalten.
WHAT VALUE IS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH?
Creators: name: Schimmelpfennig, David E.
name: Norton, George W.
name: Schimmelpfennig, David E.
name: Norton, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Methods are presented for evaluating the economic benefits of agricultural economics research (AER). Decision theory and economic surplus analysis are used to evaluate returns to five representative types of AER. Benefits stem from effects of AER on economic efficiency through reduced uncertainty about optimal resource allocation or improved institutional design.
Ferrimagnetism in EuFe4As12 revealed by 153Eu NMR and 75As NQR measurements
Creators: name: Ding, Q. -P.
name: Lee, H. -C.
name: Nishine, K.
name: Kawamura, Y.
name: Sekine, C.
name: Furukawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filled skutterudite compound EuFe$_4$As$_{12}$ shows the highest magnetic ordering temperature of $T_{\rm C}$ = 154 K among Eu-based skutterudite compounds, but its magnetic ground state has not been determined yet. Here, we performed $^{153}$Eu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and $^{75}$As nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on EuFe$_4$As$_{12}$ to reveal its magnetic ground state as well as the physical properties from a microscopic point of view. From the temperature and magnetic field dependence of $^{153}$Eu NMR spectrum in the magnetically ordered state, we found that the Eu ions are in Eu$^{2+}$ state with a nearly 7 $μ_{\rm B}$ corresponding to $S$ = 7/2 spins. Combined with the magnetization measurements which show the reduced saturation moments of 4.5 $μ_{\rm B}$/f.u., we determined the ground magnetic structure in EuFe$_4$As$_{12}$ to be ferrimagnetic where the Eu$^{2+}$ 4$f$ and the Fe 3$d$ ordered moments are ferromagnetically aligned in each sublattice but the moments between the sublattices are antiferromagnetically aligned. We also found the local distortion at the Eu site from the cubic symmetry in the magnetically ordered state. The relationship between the rattling motion of Eu atoms and the local symmetry of the Eu ions is discussed. From the $^{75}$As NQR nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time measurements as well as $^{153}$Eu NMR measurements, we found that the 4$f$ electrons of the Eu ions are well described by the local moment picture in both the magnetic and paramagnetic metallic states.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Comment on "Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators"
Creators: name: Tobar, Michael E.
name: Wolf, Peter
name: Stanwix, Paul L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent experiment by Antonini et. al. [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 71}, 050101R 2005], set new limits on Lorentz violating parameters in the frame-work of the photon sector of the Standard Model Extension (SME), $\tildeκ_{e-}^{ZZ}$, and the Robertson-Mansouri-Sexl (RMS) framework, $β-δ-1/2$. The experiment had significant systematic effects caused by the rotation of the apparatus which were only partly analysed and taken into account. We show that this is insufficient to put a bound on $\tildeκ_{e-}^{ZZ}$ and the bound on $β-δ-1/2$ represents a five-fold improvement not a ten-fold improvement as claimed. (For reply see Phys. Rev. A 72, 066102 (2005) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.066102)
description: 2 pages
AN APPLICATION OF RISK ANALYSIS: LOCALIZED CORN AND SOYBEAN PRICE DISTRIBUTIONS
Creators: name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Nefstead, Ward E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper examines the spatial elements of marketing grain. The decision of " where" to market has been ignored due to data limitations and lack of necessity. The author will incorporate localized probability distributions of price/basis in an Excel spreadsheet using @RISK which will evaluate marketing decisions for producers.
Locality and Domination of Semigroups
Creators: name: Akhlil, Khalid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31C15

description: We characterize all semigroups $(T(t))_{t\geq0}$ on $L^2(Ω)$ sandwiched between Dirichlet and Neumann ones, i.e.: \begin{equation*}\label{eq:san} e^{tΔ_D}\leq T(t)\leq e^{tΔ_N}\quad,\text{for all }t\geq0 \end{equation*} in the positive operators sense. The proof uses the well-known Beurling-Deny and Lejan formula to drop the locality assumption made usually on the form associated with $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$.
description: The author was supported, for this work, by "Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst"(German Academic Exchange Service) Grant Number: A/11/97482
Effective entropy of quantum fields coupled with gravity
Creators: name: Dong, Xi
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
name: Shangnan, Zhou
name: Yang, Zhenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty of a quantum state. For quantum fields in curved space, entanglement entropy of the quantum field theory degrees of freedom is well-defined for a fixed background geometry. In this paper, we propose a generalization of the quantum field theory entanglement entropy by including dynamical gravity. The generalized quantity named effective entropy, and its Renyi entropy generalizations, are defined by analytic continuation of a gravitational path integral on replica geometry with a co-dimension-$2$ brane at the boundary of region we are studying. We discuss different approaches to define the region in a gauge invariant way, and show that the effective entropy satisfies the quantum extremal surface formula. When the quantum fields carry a significant amount of entanglement, the quantum extremal surface can have a topology transition, after which an entanglement island region appears. Our result generalizes the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi formula of holographic entropy (with quantum corrections) to general geometries without asymptotic AdS boundary, and provides a more solid framework for addressing problems such as the Page curve of evaporating black holes in asymptotic flat spacetime. We apply the formula to two example systems, a closed two-dimensional universe and a four-dimensional maximally extended Schwarzchild black hole. We discuss the analog of the effective entropy in random tensor network models, which provides more concrete understanding of quantum information properties in general dynamical geometries. By introducing ancilla systems, we show how quantum information in the entanglement island can be reconstructed in a state-dependent and observer-dependent map. We study the closed universe (without spatial boundary) case and discuss how it is related to open universe.
description: 52 pages, 22 figures
Comment to "Fine structure constant in the spacetime of a cosmic string"
Creators: name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper Phys. Lett. B614 (2005), 140-142, F. Nasseri shows that the values of the fine structure constant reduces due to the presence of a cosmic string. In this comment I want to point out that this conclusion is not completely correct in the sense that the result obtained is valid only in a very special situation.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
THE EFFECT OF GENERIC DAIRY ADVERTISING ON THE HOUSEHOLD DEMAND FOR MILK AND CHEESE
Creators: name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Chung, Chanjin
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Chung, Chanjin
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Gould, Brian W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: censored regression
subject: household demand
subject: generic advertising

description: Consistent two-step censored estimation is applied to household demand equations for disaggregated milk and cheese products. The long-run advertising elasticity for total milk was positive, largely due to low fat milk; however the elasticity for cheese was not significant, and only shredded cheese had a positive, significant response.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE CARBON SINK SERVICES OF TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS AND ITS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Carpio, Carlos E.
name: Ortiz, Rosalba
name: Finnegan, Brian
name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Carpio, Carlos E.
name: Ortiz, Rosalba
name: Finnegan, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Tropical Forests
subject: Carbon Sequestration
subject: Global Warming
subject: Activities Implemented Jointly.

description: This paper explores the economic feasibility secondary forest regeneration and conservation as an alternative to help address global warming. Detailed measurements of tropical secondary forests through time, in different ecological zones of Costa Rica, are used for estimating carbon storage models. The paper addresses key issues in the international discussion about cross- and within-country compensation for carbon storage services and illustrates a method to compute/predict their economic value through time under a variety of scenarios. The procedure is applicable to other developing countries where secondary forest growth is increasingly important.
The mechanical response of a α2 (Ti3Al)+ γ (TiAl)-submicron grained Al2O3 cermet under dynamic compression: Modeling and experiment.
Creators: Amirian, B.
Li, H.Y.
Hogan, James D.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Novel experimental data, obtained using an advanced digital image correlation technique coupled to ultra-high-speed photography, have been used to develop and validate a microstructure-dependent constitutive model for a α2(Ti3Al) + γ(TiAl)-submicron grained Al2O3 cermet. Utilizing experimental characterization for important simulation inputs (e.g., microstructural features size, constituent stiffness), the numerical model makes use of a variational form of the Gurson model, based on the nonlinear homogenization approach, to account for the experimentally observed deformation features in this composite (e.g., void deformation and growth, particle fracture). By considering the variability in microstructural features (e.g., particle shape, size, and aspect ratio), as well as densely packed ceramic particles, the proposed model is evaluated by comparing the numerical responses to experimental results for quasi-static and dynamic stress-strain behavior of the material. The results show that the proposed approach is able to reasonably predict the mechanical response and deformation of the microstructure. Once validated, the model is expanded for studying the predominant damage mechanisms in this material, as well as determining important mechanical response features such as transitional strain rates, flow stress hardening, extensive flow softening, and energy absorbing efficiency of the material as a function of void and particle volume fraction under high strain rate loading. The totality of this work opens promising avenues for qualitative (damage micromechanisms) and quantitative (stress-strain curves) understanding of ceramic-metal composites under various loading conditions, and offer insights for designing and optimizing cermet microstructures.
The molecular gas in the central region of NGC 7213
Creators: name: Salvestrini, Francesco
name: Gruppioni, Carlotta
name: Pozzi, Francesca
name: Vignali, Cristian
name: Giannetti, Andrea
name: Paladino, Rosita
name: Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-wavelength study (from X-ray to millimetre) of the nearby low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) NGC 7213. We combine the information from the different bands to characterize the source in terms of contribution from the AGN and the host-galaxy interstellar medium (ISM). This approach allows us to provide a coherent picture of the role of the AGN and its impact, if any, on the star formation and molecular gas properties of the host galaxy. We focused our study on archival ALMA Cycle 1 observations, where the CO(2-1) emission line has been used as a tracer of the molecular gas. Using the 3DBarolo code on ALMA data, we performed the modelling of the molecular gas kinematics traced by the CO(2-1) emission, finding a rotationally dominated pattern. The host-galaxy molecular gas mass was estimated from the integrated CO(2-1) emission line obtained with APEX data, assuming an $α_{CO}$ conversion factor. By using the ALMA data, we would have underestimated the gas masses by a factor $\sim$3, given the filtering out of the large scale emission in interferometric observations. We also performed a complete X-ray spectral analysis on archival observations, revealing a relatively faint and unobscured AGN. The AGN results to be too faint to significantly affect the properties of the host-galaxy, such as star formation activity and molecular gas kinematics and distribution.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, to be published in A&A
THE ECONOMY-WIDE IMPACT OF THE INTEGRATED FOOD CROP PEST MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Creators: name: Resosudarmo, Budy P.
name: Resosudarmo, Budy P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning and contaminated agricultural products, destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests. To overcome these environmental problems, since 1989 the Indonesian government has actively adopted a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). During the first few years of the IPM program's implementation, the program has been able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56 percent, and increase yields by approximately 10 percent. However, economic literature that analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance is very limited. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program on Indonesian economic growth and household incomes for different socioeconomic groups.
Spectral and temporal signatures of ultrarelativistic protons in compact sources
Creators: name: Mastichiadis, A.
name: Protheroe, R. J.
name: Kirk, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the spectral and temporal radiative signatures expected from ultrarelativistic protons in compact sources. The coupling between the protons and the leptonic component is assumed to occur via Bethe-Heitler pair production. This process is treated by modeling the results of Monte-Carlo simulations and incorporating them in a time-dependent kinetic equation, that we subsequently solve numerically. Thus, the present work is, in many respects, an extension of the leptonic `one-zone' models to include hadrons. Several examples of astrophysical importance are presented, such as the signature resulting from the cooling of relativistic protons on an external black-body field and that of their cooling in the presence of radiation from injected electrons. We also investigate and refine the threshold conditions for the 'Pair Production/Synchrotron' feedback loop which operates when relativistic protons cool efficiently on the synchrotron radiation of the internally produced Bethe-Heitler pairs. We demonstrate that an additional component of injected electrons lowers the threshold for this instability.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: Considerations for the development of landslide early warning systems in Aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Harrison, Sara E.
name: Potter, Sally H.
name: Glassey, Phil J.
name: Massey, Chris I.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 1.5
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This guidance document outlines key considerations in the design and development of a Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS) in Aotearoa New Zealand. The document incorporates four components of an effective Early Warning System (EWS) and draws on global and national guidance for developing EWSs, such as international standards, Aotearoa New Zealand EWS guidance, LEWS-specific journal publications, and results from previous stakeholder engagement for the Earthquake-Induced Landscape Dynamics Endeavour research programme. The intended audience for this report is the emergency management sector, local government, critical infrastructure agencies, interested communities, consultancies, science agencies and land stewards involved in landslide hazard and risk management.
Plant extracts controls Oryzaephilus surinamensis by showing repellency behavior
Creators: name: KACHHAWAHA, NEETU
name: Meena, Shashi
name: Meena, Geeta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Saw-toothed grain beetle, flat grain beetle and red flour beetle are major among stored grain insect population. These insect destroy at least 15% of the food produced in only India as they feed almost entirely on the germ of the grain reducing its quality. For selection of control measure advantages, disadvantages and safety towards grain quality must be the first consideration. Plants are composed of many constituents some of them are insecticidal, attractants, repellent, anti-feedants, hormone mimics and hormone antagonist. Repellent behavior is one of the important measures as it does not kill the insect but protect the grain from infestation. Here some plant extract Punica gronatum, Chenopodium album, Vitex negundo and Maytenus emarginata and their combinations were applied to test insect Oryzaephilus surinamensis at the dose of 1, 2.5 and 5ml /100 gms of cashew nuts to control them through repellent behavior
ECONOMIC RISK AND THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM BUSINESSES
Creators: name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Bard, Sharon K.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Bard, Sharon K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: risk
subject: income variability
subject: farm size
subject: financial structure

description: Using longitudinal panel farm-level data, this study finds that income variability may be materially influenced by farm size. Econometric results suggest that policy analyses and other considerations of the distributional effects of, and response to, income variability for commercial scale family farms may concentrate on farm size and other structural variables.
Thermo-magnetic hysteretic properties resembling superconductivity in the normal state of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4
Creators: name: Majoros, M.
name: Panagopoulos, C.
name: Nishizaki, T.
name: Iwasaki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed detailed magnetic and thermal hysteresis experiments in the normal-state magnetization of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 single crystal. Using a combination of in-field and in-zero-magnetic-field measurements at different stages of thermal history of the sample, we identified subtle effects associated with the presence of magnetic signatures which resemble those below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc=36 K) but survive up to 250 K.
description: One file including text and figures
DETERMINANTS OF THE VALUE OF SITE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (SSI) IN AGRICULTURE: A UNIFYING THEORY TO ANALYZE ITS RELATIVE IMPACTS
Creators: name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Nelson, Carl H.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Nelson, Carl H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Farm Management
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper develops a theoretically consistent behavioral model of farmer decision-making that allows for analysis of the relative impacts of the determinants of SSI value. The model departs from previous literature by assuming that SSI reduces uncertainty, but not eliminate it. Results show that increasing the accuracy (or the "level of informativeness") of SSI, increasing initial wealth, improving management ability to reduce uncertainty in the posterior, and increasing the uncertainty in the prior, increases the value of SSI. Furthermore, mean input use is found to decrease, as SSI becomes more "informative." On the other hand, the value of SSI is found to be decreasing as relative risk aversion increases. These results have policy implications for controlling non-point source pollution from fertilizer inputs and SSI-adoption behavior.
CAP REFORM, WHEAT PRICE INSTABILITY AND PRODUCER WELFARE
Creators: name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Gohout, Wolfgang
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Gohout, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: price transmission
subject: CAP reform
subject: price instability
subject: producer welfare
subject: wheat market

description: We use a simple nonlinear commodity market model to illustrate the impact of recent reforms of the CAP on the variability of EU and world wheat prices. Second, within an expected utility framework we estimate the transfer and risk effects on producer welfare due to market liberalizing reforms. We found that wheat producers were over-compensated for the losses due to lower prices following the 1992 reforms. The transfer effect clearly dominated while the risk component was small. Further, we did not find producer incomes to be more unstable following to the 1992 CAP reforms.
VALIDATING OPERATIONAL FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS AGAINST A DYNAMIC BENCHMARK
Creators: name: Christiaensen, Luc J.M.
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
name: Christiaensen, Luc J.M.
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Food security indicators used in practice are static in nature, thereby foregoing the key dimension of food security. This study develops an explicitly forward-looking food insecurity indicator and relative to this dynamic benchmark, we evaluate the performance of three readily available indicators: an agricultural production, a dietary diversity, and a coping strategy index. Calculation of our "gold standard" indicator, using panel data of 274 households from Mali, shows that neglecting the future may lead to substantial underestimation of a population's food insecurity. However, when compared to our "gold standard", the alternative indicators all identify most of the food insecure, with the coping strategy index displaying the most predictive power. This is an important result, given the great demand for operational, inexpensive and reliable food insecurity indicators.
Flow-driven branching in a frangible porous medium
Creators: name: Derr, Nicholas J.
name: Fronk, David C.
name: Weber, Christoph A.
name: Mahadevan, Amala
name: Rycroft, Chris H.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76S05 (Primary) 92C15 (Secondary)

description: Channel formation and branching is widely seen in physical systems where movement of fluid through a porous structure causes the spatiotemporal evolution of the medium in response to the flow, in turn causing flow pathways to evolve. We provide a simple theoretical framework that embodies this feedback mechanism in a multi-phase model for flow through a fragile porous medium with a dynamic permeability. Numerical simulations of the model show the emergence of branched networks whose topology is determined by the geometry of external flow forcing. This allows us to delineate the conditions under which splitting and/or coalescing branched network formation is favored, with potential implications for both understanding and controlling branching in soft frangible media.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
An automatic layout generator for integrated circuit design
Creators: name: Lin, Lan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In integrated circuit design, one of the most tedious and time-consuming steps is the generation of the layout. During the last decade, considerable effort has been invested in the development of CAD tools dedicated to the automation of this step. This effort has been largely motivated by a need for alternatives to manual layout to greatly reduce the development time and cost. This thesis describes my contribution through the implementation of a flexible and automatic integrated circuit layout generator. With this tool, the designer only needs to depict the circuit at a high level, while the tool works out the details of the design and produces the final layout. In comparison with most of the current layout synthesis tools, my tool aims to realize the generality while still preserving most of the efficiency of the hand design, and facilitate greater reuse. The solution is based on constraint solving. The tool is written in Java. Two architectural styles are followed in the whole design, call-and-return and object-oriented. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the tool in generating layouts comparable to manual designs, with very quick turn-around time and no manual intervention.
A MODEL FOR THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN IRRIGATION
Creators: name: Yaron, Dan
name: Bresler, E.
name: Yaron, Dan
name: Bresler, E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A model for determination of the efficient combination of water quantity and quality (salinity) in irrigation is presented. The efficient combination is evaluated with respect to a predetermined threshold salt concentration in the soil solution. A leaching model, designed for tracing salt distribution in the soil profile, serves as the basis for the analysis. The optimal quantity-quality combinations are derived with the aid of a linear programming model. An illustrative application of the model concludes the presentation.