cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jet radius and momentum splitting fraction with dynamical grooming in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Kang, Jin-Wen
name: Zhang, Qing
name: Shen, Shuwan
name: Dai, Wei
name: Zhang, Ben-Wei
name: Wang, Enke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the medium modifications of momentum splitting fraction and groomed jet radius with both dynamical grooming and soft drop algorithms in heavy-ion collisions. In the calculation, the partonic spectrum of initial hard scattering in p+p collisions is provided by the event generator PYTHIA 8, and the energy loss of fast parton traversing in a hot/dense QCD medium is simulated with the Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model. We predict the normalized distributions of the groomed jet radius $θ_g$ and momentum splitting fraction $z_g$ with the dynamical grooming algorithm in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV, then compare these quantities in dynamical grooming at $a=0.1$, with that in soft drop at $z_{\mathrm{cut}} = 0.1$ and $β= 0$. It is found that the normalized distribution ratios Pb+Pb/p+p with respect to $z_g$ in $z_{\mathrm{cut}} = 0.1$, $β= 0$ soft drop case are close to unity and those in $a=0.1$ dynamical grooming case show enhancement at small $z_g$, and Pb+Pb/p+p with respect to $θ_g$ in the dynamical grooming case demonstrate weaker modification than those in the soft drop counterparts. We further calculate the groomed jet number averaged momentum splitting fraction $\rm \langle z_g \rangle_{jets}$ and averaged groomed jet radius $\rm \langle θ_g \rangle_{jets}$ in p+p and A+A for both grooming cases in three $p^{\rm ch, jet}_{\rm T}$ intervals, and find that the originally generated well balanced groomed jets will become more momentum imbalanced and less jet size narrowing due to jet quenching, and weaker medium modification of $z_g$ and $θ_g$ in $a =0.1$ dynamical grooming case than in the soft drop counterparts.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
A Histologic and Cephalometric Investigation of Premolar Intrusion in the Macaque Speciosa Monkey
Creators: name: Dellinger, Eugene L.
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Orthodontics
subject: Tooth Resorption

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: It has been debated as to whether teeth may actually be intruded in their alveoli. This study was designed to measure the intrusive movement and histologic response of specific teeth to a known intrusive force. Four Macaque speciosa monkeys were used. The animals corresponded in age to a 12-14 year old human being. Intrusive forces of either 10, 50, 100, or 300 grams were placed on the maxillary first premolars; each force value was held constant during the duration of the experiment, which was 60 days. Maxillary first molars were used as anchorage. Cephalometric headplates proved that all force values were capable of giving intrusion. The 50 gram forces, however, gave the most efficient intrusion. Histologic sections were made on all experimental teeth. 300 and 100 gram forces gave excessive root resorption but the 50 and 10 gram force values elicited only slight root resorption. Root resorption seemed to be directly related to excessive force. The amount of intrusion was not related to a loss of root structure. Bone resorption appeared to allow the intrusion of teeth with minimal tissue damage if proper force values were used.
Search for top squarks in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of a search for the stop, the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, in final states with one isolated electron or muon, jets, and missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses the 2015 LHC $pp$ collision data at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb${}^{-1}$. The analysis targets two types of signal models: gluino-mediated pair production of stops with a nearly mass-degenerate stop and neutralino; and direct pair production of stops, decaying to the top quark and the lightest neutralino. The experimental signature in both signal scenarios is similar to that of a top quark pair produced in association with large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits on gluino and stop masses are set at 95% confidence level. The results extend the LHC Run-1 exclusion limit on the gluino mass up to 1460 GeV in the gluino-mediated scenario in the high gluino and low stop mass region, and add an excluded stop mass region from 745 to 780 GeV for the direct stop model with a massless lightest neutralino. The results are also reinterpreted to set exclusion limits in a model of vector-like top quarks.
description: 30 pages plus author list + cover pages (48 pages total), 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted to PRD, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2015-02/
Open Superstring First Mass Level Effective Lagrangian: Massive Spin-3/2 Fields in an Electromagnetic Background
Creators: name: Benakli, Karim
name: Daniel, Cassiano A.
name: Ke, Wenqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive fully explicit equations of motion, and the associated set of constraints, describing the propagation in a flat space-time of a charged spin-3/2 massive state in a constant electromagnetic background. For this purpose, we provide the Lagrangian for the physical fermionic fields in the first massive level of the open superstring. We first write a compact Lagrangian, allowing a simple derivation of the equations of motion and constraints. Then another one is given that yields directly a decoupled system of equations, though the fields of different spins look coupled at the level of the Lagrangian.
description: 4 pages
The primordial deuterium abundance of the most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha system
Creators: name: Cooke, Ryan
name: Pettini, Max
name: Nollett, Kenneth M.
name: Jorgenson, Regina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and analysis of the most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) system currently known, which also displays the Lyman series absorption lines of neutral deuterium. The average [O/H] abundance of this system is [O/H] = -2.804 +/- 0.015, which includes an absorption component with [O/H] = -3.07 +/- 0.03. Despite the unfortunate blending of many weak D I absorption lines, we report a precise measurement of the deuterium abundance of this system. Using the six highest quality and self-consistently analyzed measures of D/H in DLAs, we report tentative evidence for a subtle decrease of D/H with increasing metallicity. This trend must be confirmed with future high precision D/H measurements spanning a range of metallicity. A weighted mean of these six independent measures provides our best estimate of the primordial abundance of deuterium, 10^5 (D/H)_P = 2.547 +/- 0.033 (log_10 (D/H)_P = -4.5940 +/- 0.0056). We perform a series of detailed Monte Carlo calculations of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) that incorporate the latest determinations of several key nuclear cross sections, and propagate their associated uncertainty. Combining our measurement of (D/H)_P with these BBN calculations yields an estimate of the cosmic baryon density, 100 Omega_B,0 h^2(BBN) = 2.156 +/- 0.020, if we adopt the most recent theoretical determination of the d(p,gamma)3He reaction rate. This measure of Omega_B,0 h^2 differs by ~2.3 sigma from the Standard Model value estimated from the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. Using instead a d(p,gamma)3He reaction rate that is based on the best available experimental cross section data, we estimate 100 Omega_B,0 h^2(BBN) = 2.260 +/- 0.034, which is in somewhat better agreement with the Planck value. Forthcoming measurements of the crucial d(p,gamma)3He cross section may shed further light on this discrepancy.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Microscopic Calculations of Vortex-Nucleus Interaction in the Neutron Star Crust
Creators: name: Sekizawa, Kazuyuki
name: Wlazłowski, Gabriel
name: Magierski, Piotr
name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: Forbes, Michael McNeil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a quantized vortex and a nuclear impurity immersed in a neutron superfluid within a fully microscopic time-dependent three-dimensional approach. The magnitude and even the sign of the force between the quantized vortex and the nuclear impurity have been a matter of debate for over four decades. We determine that the vortex and the impurity repel at neutron densities, 0.014 fm$^{-3}$ and 0.031 fm$^{-3}$, which are relevant to the neutron star crust and the origin of glitches, while previous calculations have concluded that the force changes its sign between these two densities and predicted contradictory signs. The magnitude of the force increases with the density of neutron superfluid, while the magnitude of the pairing gap decreases in this density range.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Talk given at the 14th International Symposium on "Nuclei in the Cosmos" (NIC-XIV), June 19-24, 2016, Toki Messe, Niigata, Japan
Regge pole description of scattering by dirty black holes
Creators: name: Torres, Theo
name: Hadj, Mohamed Ould El
name: Hu, Shi-Qian
name: Gregory, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of plane monochromatic scalar waves impinging upon a Schwarzschild dirty black hole -- a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a thin spherical shell of matter -- using the complex angular momentum approach. We first recall general results concerning the differential scattering cross section in the classical limit through a null geodesic analysis by exploring different configurations of the shell. In particular, we show that dirty black hole spacetimes may exhibit various critical effects for geometrical optics. We compute the Regge pole spectrum for various shell configurations and show that it exhibits two or three distinct branches of poles, labelled inner surface waves, broad resonances and outer surface waves. In the latter, two sub-families have been identified, the surface waves associated with the outer light-ring and the creeping modes associated with the surface of the shell. We show, using WKB analysis, that the position of the shell sets the real part of the broad resonances while its energy-momentum and the discontinuity of the potential at the shell's surface set their imaginary part. Next, we provide the complex angular momentum representation of the differential scattering cross section and examine the role of the different Regge pole branches. We compute the differential scattering cross section for various configurations at several frequencies and show a very good agreement with the partial-wave calculations. Finally, we highlight the role of the critical effects, i.e., orbiting, glory, grazing and rainbow scattering, and their impact on the differential scattering cross section.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey. VII. Supernova remnants in the Galactic longitude range $28^\circ
Creators: name: Dokara, R.
name: Gong, Y.
name: Reich, W.
name: Rugel, M.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Menten, K.
name: Cotton, W.
name: Dzib, S.
name: Khan, S.
name: Medina, S.
name: Nguyen, H.
name: Ortiz-León, G.
name: Urquhart, J.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Yang, A.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Müller, P.
name: Ott, J.
name: Pandian, J. D.
name: Roy, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. While over 1000 supernova remnants (SNRs) are estimated to exist in the Milky Way, only less than 400 have been found to date. In the context of this apparent deficiency, more than 150 SNR candidates were recently identified in the D-configuration Very Large Array (VLA-D) continuum images of the 4--8 GHz global view on star formation (GLOSTAR) survey, in the Galactic longitude range $-2^\circ
description: To be published in A&A. 21 pages, 15 figures
Component Segmentation of Engineering Drawings Using Graph Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Wentai
name: Joseph, Joe
name: Yin, Yue
name: Xie, Liuyue
name: Furuhata, Tomotake
name: Yamakawa, Soji
name: Shimada, Kenji
name: Kara, Levent Burak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a data-driven framework to automate the vectorization and machine interpretation of 2D engineering part drawings. In industrial settings, most manufacturing engineers still rely on manual reads to identify the topological and manufacturing requirements from drawings submitted by designers. The interpretation process is laborious and time-consuming, which severely inhibits the efficiency of part quotation and manufacturing tasks. While recent advances in image-based computer vision methods have demonstrated great potential in interpreting natural images through semantic segmentation approaches, the application of such methods in parsing engineering technical drawings into semantically accurate components remains a significant challenge. The severe pixel sparsity in engineering drawings also restricts the effective featurization of image-based data-driven methods. To overcome these challenges, we propose a deep learning based framework that predicts the semantic type of each vectorized component. Taking a raster image as input, we vectorize all components through thinning, stroke tracing, and cubic bezier fitting. Then a graph of such components is generated based on the connectivity between the components. Finally, a graph convolutional neural network is trained on this graph data to identify the semantic type of each component. We test our framework in the context of semantic segmentation of text, dimension and, contour components in engineering drawings. Results show that our method yields the best performance compared to recent image, and graph-based segmentation methods.
description: Preprint accepted to Computers in Industry
Cryptology and computer security
Creators: name: Varsamidis, Magda.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A Study of the Posture of the Tongue in Individuals with Normal Occlusion
Creators: name: Garner, La Forrest Dean
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1959
Subjects: subject: Tongue
subject: Dental Occlusion

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: The tongue in both man and animal has been considered through the ages to be a complex organ. It is a highly specialized combination of muscles and nerves and contains one of the five senses, the sense of taste. As H.B. Walter and L.F. Sayles stated in their book entitled: “Biology of the Vertebrates,” “The tongue serves many purposes. It is capable of great freedom of movement; it is a universal toothbrush, serves as a curry comb for fur-bearers, while animals like cats and dogs that lap up liquids use it as a spoon, it stands ready to receive the password of admittance from entering food, and in humans is essential for speech, respiration and swallowing.” Even though the tongue is a complex organ in its actions and structure, it is unlike most organs of the human body. Man has not concerned himself to a great extent over its history of development for many reasons. It is encased by the orbicularis oris complex and buccinator muscles and teeth, thereby making ease of observation of its actions and development difficult. Another factor which acts against its observation for its apparent constant mobility. Most postulations previously set forth concerning the action of the normal tongue have been unsupported by scientific data. Studies have been reported on abnormalities of the tongue and its associated surroundings, but little or no research on the normal tongue posture has been reported. Recently roentgenography has been used to study areas of the body not easily seen by the naked eye. In the infancy of roentgenography development, it was considered by several investigators that this would be an important means of studying the tongue and thus this study came into being.
Spectral broadening of 2 mJ femtosecond pulses in a compact air-filled convex-concave multi-pass cell
Creators: name: Omar, Alan
name: Vogel, Tim
name: Hoffmann, Martin
name: Saraceno, Clara J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-pass cell (MPC) based temporal pulse compressors have emerged in the last years as a powerful and versatile solution to the intrinsic issue of long pulses from Yb-based high-power ultrafast lasers. However, the spectral broadening of high-energy (typically more than 100 uJ) pulses has only been realized in complex setups, i.e., in large and costly, pressure-controlled vacuum chambers to avoid strong focusing, ionization, and damage on the mirrors. Here, we present spectral broadening of 2 mJ pulses in a simple and compact (60 cm long) multi-pass cell operated in ambient air. Instead of the traditional Herriott cell with concave-concave (CC/CC) mirrors, we use a convex-concave (CX/CC) design, where the beam stays large at all times allowing both to minimize damage and operate in ambient air. We demonstrate spectral broadening of 2.1 mJ pulses at 100 kHz repetition rate (200 W of average power) from 2.1 nm (pulse duration of 670 fs) to a spectral bandwidth of 24.5 nm, supporting 133 fs pulses with 96% transmission efficiency. We show the compressibility of these pulses down to 134 fs, and verify that the spectral homogeneity of the beam is similar to previously reported CC/CC designs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a CX/CC MPC compressor, operated at high pulse energies in air. Because of its simplicity, small footprint and low cost, we believe this demonstration will have significant impact in the ultrafast laser community.
description: The following article has been submitted to Optics Letters. 4 pages, 4 figures
Topological Quantum Matter with Ultracold Gases in Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Goldman, N.
name: Budich, J. C.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of topological insulators, many topological phases have been predicted and realized in a range of different systems, providing both fascinating physics and exciting opportunities for devices. And although new materials are being developed and explored all the time, the prospects for probing exotic topological phases would be greatly enhanced if they could be realized in systems that were easily tuned. The flexibility offered by ultracold atoms could provide such a platform. Here, we review the tools available for creating topological states using ultracold atoms in optical lattices, give an overview of the theoretical and experimental advances and provide an outlook towards realizing strongly correlated topological phases.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Author-produced version of a Progress Article published in Nature Physics
An Evaluation of the Frozen Slab Mixing Technique on the Physical Properties of Certain Dental Cements
Creators: name: Coghlan, Charles Y.
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Dental Cements
subject: Dental Materials

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: A method was devised to evaluate the effect of the "frozen slab" mixing technique on the physical properties of a zinc phosphate, zinc silicophosphate, hydrophosphate and polycarboxylate cement. Those properties studied were the setting time, compressive strength, tensile strength and solubility. Standardized mixing procedures were employed using predetermined powder/liquid ratios. Setting and working times were increased for all cements when mixed on glass slabs chilled to -15 c. All cements kept on the cold slab were still unset after 32 minutes. Compressive and tensile strengths were adversely affected by the "frozen slab" technique. All cements gave parallel reductions of the two strengths on the order of 20 percent except the polycarboxylate which exhibited only a 5 percent reduction in tensile strength. The polycarboxylate exhibited the highest tensile strength while its compressive strength was one half the others tested. Solubility samples were prepared and placed in 0.001M acetic acid at pH4. Solutions were changed daily and solubility was determined by the gravimetric method. The solubility of all cement was adversely affected. The zinc silicophosphate exhibited the highest and the polycarboxylate the lowest solubility of the cements tested. It was recommended that cements be mixed above the dew point and multiple mixes be used to ensure optimum physical properties.
Rescattering effects on resonances production in small systems with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Rosano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent multiplicity-dependent analyses of pp and p--Pb collision data have revealed that particle production shares similar features with that in heavy-ion collisions. Studies using resonances could help to understand the possible onset of collective-like phenomena and the presence of a hadronic phase in small collision systems. Measurements of the differential yields of resonances with different lifetime, mass, quark content, and quantum numbers could enable understanding the mechanisms that influence the shape of particle momentum spectra, lifetime of the hadronic phase, strangeness production, parton energy loss, and collective effects. New ALICE results on various hadronic resonances in small collision systems at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, including the multiplicity dependence measurements of $Λ$(1520) and K$^*$(892)$^{\pm}$ and the production of $ϕ$-meson pairs are presented here. Results will be also compared with model calculations.
description: 4 pages, conference proceeding for SQM 2022
Celestial Conformal Colliders
Creators: name: Hu, Yangrui
name: Pasterski, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start by observing that the light-ray operators featured in the conformal collider literature are celestial primaries. This allows us to rephrase the corresponding 4D CFT correlators as probing a conformally soft matter sector of the 2D celestial CFT (CCFT). To demonstrate the utility of this perspective we show how the recent $w_{1+\infty}$ symmetry observed in CCFT suggests a natural extension of the conformal collider operators.
The Effects of Accretion Flow Dynamics on the Black Hole Shadow of Sagittarius A$^{*}$
Creators: name: Pu, Hung-Yi
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Asada, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF), which is commonly characterized by its sub-Keplerian nature, is a favored accretion model for the supermassive black hole at Galactic center, Sagittarius A$^{*}$. To investigate the observable features of a RIAF, we compare the modeled shadow images, visibilities, and spectra of three flow models with dynamics characterized by (i) a Keplerian shell which is rigidly-rotating outside the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and infalling with a constant angular momentum inside ISCO, (ii) a sub-Keplerian motion, and (iii) a free-falling motion with zero angular momentum at infinity. At near-mm wavelengths the emission is dominated by the flow within several Schwarzschild radii. The energy shift due to the flow dynamics becomes important and distinguishable, suggesting that the flow dynamics are an important model parameter for interpreting the mm/submillimeter very long baseline interferometric observations with the forthcoming, fully assembled Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). As an example, we demonstrate that structural variations of Sagittarius A$^{*}$ on event horizon-scales detected in previous EHT observations can be explained by the non-stationary dynamics of a RIAF.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians with efficient encoding and ansatz schemes
Creators: name: Huang, Benchen
name: Sheng, Nan
name: Govoni, Marco
name: Galli, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a computational protocol for quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians on a quantum computer, enabling calculations which were previously not feasible with conventional encoding and ansatses of variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE). We combine a qubit-efficient encoding scheme mapping Slater determinants onto qubits with a modified qubit-coupled cluster ansatz and noise-mitigation techniques. Our strategy leads to a substantial improvement in the scaling of circuit gate counts and to a decrease in the number of required variational parameters, thus increasing the resilience to noise. We present results for spin defects of interest for quantum technologies, going beyond minimum models for the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in diamond and the double vacancy in 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) and tackling a defect as complex as negatively charged silicon vacancy in 4H-SiC for the first time.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures
Three dimensional simulations of viscous folding in diverging microchannels
Creators: name: Xu, Bingrui
name: Chergui, Jalel
name: Shin, Seungwon
name: Juric, Damir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three dimensional simulations on the viscous folding in diverging microchannels reported by Cubaud and Mason are performed using the parallel code BLUE for multi-phase flows. The more viscous liquid L_1 is injected into the channel from the center inlet, and the less viscous liquid L_2 from two side inlets. Liquid L_1 takes the form of a thin filament due to hydrodynamic focusing in the long channel that leads to the diverging region. The thread then becomes unstable to a folding instability, due to the longitudinal compressive stress applied to it by the diverging flow of liquid L_2. Given the long computation time, we were limited to a parameter study comprising five simulations in which the flow rate ratio, the viscosity ratio, the Reynolds number, and the shape of the channel were varied relative to a reference model. In our simulations, the cross section of the thread produced by focusing is elliptical rather than circular. The initial folding axis can be either parallel or perpendicular to the narrow dimension of the chamber. In the former case, the folding slowly transforms via twisting to perpendicular folding, or it may remain parallel. The direction of folding onset is determined by the velocity profile and the elliptical shape of the thread cross section in the channel that feeds the diverging part of the cell. Due to the high viscosity contrast and very low Reynolds numbers, direct numerical simulations of this two-phase flow are very challenging and to our knowledge these are the first three-dimensional direct parallel numerical simulations of viscous threads in microchannels. Our simulations provide good qualitative comparison of the early time onset of the folding instability however since the computational time for these simulations is quite long, for such viscous threads, long-time comparisons with experiments for quantities such as folding frequency are limited.
description: 11pages, 8 figures, this is the pre-print (pre-referring) version. Accepted by Microfluidics and Nanofluidics on Sept. 11th, 2016
Light higgsino scenario confronted with muon g-2
Creators: name: Zhao, Jun
name: Zhu, Jingya
name: Zhu, Pengxuan
name: Zhu, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light higgsinos below several hundred GeV are favored or required by the naturalness of low energy supersymmetry. If only higgsinos are light while other sparticles are sufficiently heavy, we have the so-called light higgsino scenario. Confronted with the muon $g-2$ data, this scenario is examined in this work. Since in this scenario the LSP (lightest sparticle) is higgsino-like, we need to also consider the dark matter constraints. Assuming a light higgsino mass parameter $μ$ in the range of 100-400 GeV while gaugino mass parameters above TeV, we explore the parameter space under the muon $g-2$ data and the dark matter constraints. We find that, to explain the muon $g-2$ anomaly at $2σ$, the winos and sleptons are respectively upper bounded by 3 TeV and 800 GeV. In this case, we find that the light higgsino-like dark matter can sizably scatter with nucleon and thus the allowed parameter space can be covered almost fully by the future LZ dark matter detection project. We also perform a Monte Carlo simulation to figure out the potential of HL-LHC to detect the light sleptons in this scenario. It turns out that compared with the current LHC limits, the HL-LHC can further cover a part of the parameter space.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures and 1 table. Upgraded to the published version
Phase shift in atom interferometry due to spacetime curvature
Creators: name: Asenbaum, Peter
name: Overstreet, Chris
name: Kovachy, Tim
name: Brown, Daniel D.
name: Hogan, Jason M.
name: Kasevich, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a single-source dual atom interferometer and utilize it as a gradiometer for precise gravitational measurements. The macroscopic separation between interfering atomic wave packets (as large as 16 cm) reveals the interplay of recoil effects and gravitational curvature from a nearby Pb source mass. The gradiometer baseline is set by the laser wavelength and pulse timings, which can be measured to high precision. Using a long drift time and large momentum transfer atom optics, the gradiometer reaches a resolution of $3 \times 10^{-9}$ s$^{-2}$ per shot and measures a 1 rad phase shift induced by the source mass.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental material
Perspective on the origin of hadron masses
Creators: name: Roberts, Craig D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy-momentum tensor in chiral QCD, $T_{μν}$, exhibits an anomaly, viz. $Θ_0 :=T_{μμ} \neq 0$. Measured in the proton, this anomaly yields $m_p^2$, where $m_p$ is the proton's mass; but, at the same time, when computed in the pion, the answer is $m_π^2=0$. Any attempt to understand the origin and nature of mass, and identify observable expressions thereof, must explain and unify these two apparently contradictory results, which are fundamental to the nature of our Universe. Given the importance of Poincaré-invariance in modern physics, the utility of a frame-dependent approach to this problem seems limited. That is especially true of any approach tied to a rest-frame decomposition of $T_{μν}$ because a massless particle does not possess a rest-frame. On the other hand, the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) paradigm, connected with a Poincaré-covariant treatment of the continuum bound-state problem, provides a straightforward, simultaneous explanation of both these identities, and also a diverse array of predictions, testable at existing and proposed facilities. From this perspective, $\langle π| Θ_0 |π\rangle =0$ owing to exact, symmetry-driven cancellations which occur between one-body dressing effects and two-body-irreducible binding interactions in any well-defined computation of the forward scattering amplitude that defines this expectation value in the pseudoscalar meson. The cancellation is incomplete in any other hadronic bound state, with a remainder whose scale is set by the size of one-body dressing effects.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to a Topical Issue of Few Body Systems, celebrating the journal's 30th birthday
Panorex Interpretation of the Mesio-Distal Axial Inclinations and Mesio-Distal Diameters of the Posterior Teeth
Creators: name: Diers, Nelson Richard
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Radiography, Dental
subject: Cephalometry

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: Sixteen adult human skulls with "normal occlusion" were examined with the Panorex to determine its ability to record the mesio-distal axial inclinations and the mesio-distal diameters of the posterior teeth. This study indicates that the Panorex can be used as a qualitative and quantitative instrument in the study of the mesio-distal axial inclinations of the posterior teeth. A series of means and standard deviations for each posterior tooth as interpreted by the Panorex was developed. Individual measurements of posterior teeth as seen on the Panorex can now be related and compared to these standards so that they are valuable in the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of orthodontic cases. Further research is necessary, however, to accurately interpret the mesio-distal diameters of the posterior teeth as seen on the Panorex if these measurements are to be used for arch length analysis.
High orbital angular momentum harmonic generation
Creators: name: Vieira, J.
name: Trines, R. M. G. M.
name: Alves, E. P.
name: Fonseca, R. A.
name: Mendonça, J. T.
name: Bingham, R.
name: Norreys, P.
name: Silva, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify and explore a high orbital angular momentum (OAM) harmonics generation and amplification mechanism that manipulates the OAM independently of any other laser property, by preserving the initial laser wavelength, through stimulated Raman backscattering in a plasma. The high OAM harmonics spectra can extend at least up to the limiting value imposed by the paraxial approximation. We show with theory and particle-in-cell simulations that the orders of the OAM harmonics can be tuned according to a selection rule that depends on the initial OAM of the interacting waves. We illustrate the high OAM harmonics generation in a plasma using several examples including the generation of prime OAM harmonics. The process can also be realised in any nonlinear optical Kerr media supporting three-wave interactions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures (accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters)
A broadband X-ray spectral study of the intermediate-mass black hole candidate M82 X-1 with NuSTAR, Chandra and Swift
Creators: name: Brightman, Murray
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Barret, Didier
name: Davis, Shane W.
name: Fürst, Felix
name: Madsen, Kristin K.
name: Middleton, Matthew
name: Miller, Jon M.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Tao, Lian
name: Walton, Dominic J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M82 X-1 is one of the brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) known, which, assuming Eddington-limited accretion and other considerations, makes it one of the best intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidates. However, the ULX may still be explained by super-Eddington accretion onto a stellar-remnant black hole. We present simultaneous NuSTAR, Chandra and Swift/XRT observations during the peak of a flaring episode with the aim of modeling the emission of M82 X-1 and yielding insights into its nature. We find that thin-accretion disk models all require accretion rates at or above the Eddington limit in order to reproduce the spectral shape, given a range of black hole masses and spins. Since at these high Eddington ratios the thin-disk model breaks down due to radial advection in the disk, we discard the results of the thin-disk models as unphysical. We find that the temperature profile as a function of disk radius ($T(r)\propto r^{-p}$) is significantly flatter ($p=0.55^{+ 0.07}_{- 0.04}$) than expected for a standard thin disk ($p=0.75$). A flatter profile is instead characteristic of a slim disk which is highly suggestive of super-Eddington accretion. Furthermore, radiation hydrodynamical simulations of super-Eddington accretion have shown that the predicted spectra of these systems are very similar to what we observe for M82 X-1. We therefore conclude that M82 X-1 is a super-Eddington accretor. Our mass estimates inferred from the inner disk radius imply a stellar-remnant black hole ($M_{\rm BH}=26^{+9}_{-6} M_{\odot}$) when assuming zero spin, or an IMBH ($M_{\rm BH}=125^{+45}_{-30} M_{\odot}$) when assuming maximal spin.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Gravitational collapse and formation of a black hole in a type II minimally modified gravity theory
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Pookkillath, Masroor C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spherically symmetric collapse of a cloud of dust in VCDM, a class of gravitational theories with two local physical degrees of freedom. We find that the collapse corresponds to a particular foliation of the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution in general relativity (GR) which is endowed with a constant trace for the extrinsic curvature relative to the time $t$ constant foliation. For this solution, we find that the final state of the collapse leads to a static configuration with the lapse function vanishing at a radius inside the apparent horizon. Such a point is reached in an infinite time-$t$ interval, $t$ being the cosmological time, i.e. the time of an observer located far away from the collapsing cloud. The presence of this vanishing lapse endpoint implies the necessity of a UV completion to describe the physics inside the resulting black hole. On the other hand, since the corresponding cosmic time $t$ is infinite, VCDM can safely describe the whole history of the universe at large scales without knowledge of the unknown UV completion, despite the presence of the so-called shadowy mode.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Non-equilibrium dynamics of Axion-like particles: the quantum master equation
Creators: name: Cao, Shuyang
name: Boyanovsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of Axion-like particles (ALP) coupled to Standard Model degrees of freedom in thermal equilibrium. The Quantum Master Equation (QME) for the (ALP) reduced density matrix is derived to leading order in the coupling of the (ALP) to the thermal bath, but to \emph{all} orders of the bath couplings to degrees of freedom within or beyond the Standard Model other than the (ALP). The (QME) describes the damped oscillation dynamics of an initial misaligned (ALP) condensate, thermalization with the bath, decoherence and entropy production within a unifying framework. The (ALP) energy density $\mathcal{E}(t)$ features two components: a ``cold'' component from the misaligned condensate and a ``hot'' component from thermalization with the bath, with $\mathcal{E}(t)= \mathcal{E}_{c}\,e^{-γ(T)\,t}+\mathcal{E}_{h}(1-e^{-γ(T)\,t})$ thus providing a ``mixed dark matter'' scenario. Relaxation of the (ALP) condensate, thermalization, decoherence and entropy production occur on similar time scales. An explicit example with (ALP)-photon coupling, valid post recombination yields a relaxation rate $γ(T)$ with a substantial enhancement from thermal emission and absorption. A misaligned condensate is decaying at least since recombination and on the same time scale thermalizing with the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Possible consequences for birefringence of the (CMB) and (ALP) contribution to the effective number of ultrarelativistic species and galaxy formation are discussed.
description: 28 pages
Prediction of Influenza B Vaccine Effectiveness from Sequence Data
Creators: name: Pan, Yidan
name: Deem, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that causes significant human morbidity and mortality, affecting 5-15% of the population in a typical epidemic season. Human influenza epidemics are caused by types A and B, with roughly 25% of human cases due to influenza B. Influenza B is a single-stranded RNA virus with a high mutation rate, and both prior immune history and vaccination put significant pressure on the virus to evolve. Due to the high rate of viral evolution, the influenza B vaccine component of the annual influenza vaccine is updated, roughly every other year in recent years. To predict when an update to the vaccine is needed, an estimate of expected vaccine effectiveness against a range of viral strains is required. We here introduce a method to measure antigenic distance between the influenza B vaccine and circulating viral strains. The measure correlates well with effectiveness of the influenza B component of the annual vaccine in humans between 1979 and 2014. We discuss how this measure of antigenic distance may be used in the context of annual influenza vaccine design and prediction of vaccine effectiveness.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
A Comparison of Maxillary Arch Form and Dento-Skeletal Patterns in Japanese and Caucasian American Individuals Exhibiting Class II Div. 1 Malocclusions
Creators: name: Bell, S. Wallace
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1960
Subjects: subject: Dental Arch
subject: Malocclusion

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: A study was made comparing Japanese and Caucasian American Class II, Div. 1 malocclusions with respect to maxillary arch form and dento-skeletal patterns. For the arch form study, the maxillary casts of twenty Caucasian and eighteen Japanese individuals of comparable ages were evaluated. Dental arch indices were calculated for each individual and the mean values of the two groups were tested for significant difference. The Caucasian arches exhibited a more narrow tapering form than did the Japanese. In the second part of the study, eighteen Japanese and eighteen Caucasian American Class II, Div. 1 malocclusions were evaluated for differences in dento-facial architecture. Downs' radiographic cephalometric analytical procedure was used. Mental prominence was also measured using a technic which was described. It was found that the facial plan angle and mandibular plane angle in the Japanese group was more obtuse. The mental prominence in the Caucasian group was larger than in the Japanese group.
A Survey of Methods Used to Treat Contaminated Orthodontic Instruments: And an Experimental Comparison of the Three Cleaning Methods Most Commonly Used
Creators: name: Halberg, Seymour
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Orthodontic Appliances
subject: Sterilization

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: This study involved two areas of investigation. First, questionairres were sent to 350 orthodontists in order to determine the types and frequency of methods used to treat contaminated instruments in their practices. Two hundred eighty replies were received. Second, using orthotolidine reagent strips, three commonly-used cleaning methods (alcohol wipe, soap and water scrub, and ultrasonic cleaning) were compared as to their effectiveness in the removal of a potentially dangerous contaminant, blood, from a representative orthodontic instrument, the band pusher. A sample of 15 instruments was tested. The survey showed that a variety of cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing procedures were used in various combinations in the practices surveyed. Less than 4.3% of the respondants treated hand instruments -- the group most likely to be contaminated with blood -- in a manner acceptable to various authorities on the subject, such as: The Expert Committee on Hepatitis of the World Health Organization, the United States Institutes of Health, and The Council on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental Association. Of the three cleaning methods tested, ultrasonic cleaning was the most effective for removing blood from the test instruments, and alcohol wiping was least effective. Both alcohol wiping and soap and water scrubbing left detectable amounts of blood on all instruments tested. Since: a) orthodontic instruments may be contaminated with blood during routine treatment procedures, b) asymptomatic carriers of serum hepatitis may constitute at least 1% of the population, and the viruses of both forms of viral hepatitis may be found in the serum of 5 - 35% of apparently healthy persons, c) as little as .00005 ml of infected blood is capable of transmitting the disease, and d) a high percentage of the sample of orthodontists responding used inadequate methods to treat their instruments, the danger of transmission of viral hepatitis exists in the great majority of orthodontic practices surveyed in this study.