Synergus nicaraguensis Diaz & Gallardo 1998
Creators: name: Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis
name: Medianero, Enrique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Cynipidae
Synergus
Synergus nicaraguensis

description: Synergus nicaraguensis Diaz & Gallardo, 1998
New record from Panama
Studied material. 1 3, 5Ƥ, Chiriquí, Renacimiento, 1,270 m, ex gall Disholcaspis sp. on Quercus lancifolia, 24.xi.2008. E. Medianero leg.
Diagnosis and comments. This species is easily recognizable and can be distinguished from all of the remaining Neotropical Synergus species by having a forewing with a shaded infuscate area over the radial cell extended beyond the Rs vein. Other diagnostic features of this species are: radial cell short and wide, less than 2.5 times as long as wide. F1 3 as long as the pedicel. Metasomal T2+3 posteriorly closely and distinctly punctate, with the punctures extended over about 1/3 of the total length of the segment.
Until now, knowledge of this species was limited to the materials of the type locality (Jinotega, Nicaragua) (Diaz & Gallardo 1998). Our record from Panama is the second for this species in Central America, considerably increasing the size of its known distribution area. We examined the type material of S. nicaraguensis and compared it with our materials from Panama. The Panamanian insects differ slightly from the type material in their coloration, especially with respect to their almost entirely yellow legs, which are darker in the type specimens.
Additional descriptive data. Some descriptive date and illustrations of morphological characters which were omitted in the original description are here given.
Female (habitus, Fig. 19 A). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4 B) 2 times as wide as long; genae not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.5 as OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by about its diameter. Head in anterior view (Fig. 2 E) 1.3 times wider than high. Facial carinae regular, deep, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; not branched near margin compound eyes. Ventral margin of clypeus straight. Frons with wide, slightly branched frontal carinae, reaching ocelli, weak piliferous punctures present.
Female antenna with 14 segments (Fig. 5 E). Pedicel 1. 2 as long as wide; F1 as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 1.8 times as long as F11. F1 of male curved in de middle and moderately expanded apically.
Pronotum without a lateral pronotal carina. Lateral surface of pronotum with rugose sculpture. Mesoscutum (Fig. 8 F) with wide, transverse, undulate, interrupted rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture. Notauli percurrent, convergent posteriorly, wider than transscutal fissure; narrowly separated at meeting with the transscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression visible in posterior three quarts of mesoscutum but shallow. Scutellar foveae large, ellipsoidal, smooth, anterior margins widely divergent from the trasscutal fissure, posterior margins distinct. Scutellum not margined laterally, with strongly rugose sculpture. Mesopleuron (Fig. 11 A) with strong, irregular, longitudinal striae, extended into the entire surface of mesopleuron; coriarious sculpture visible in the interspaces. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel (Fig. 12 C).
Tarsal claw (Fig. 16 C) with base produced into a large secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/2 of length of apical tooth.
Forewing (Fig. 17 E). Present a shaded infuscate area over the radial cell and extended beyond the Rs vein; radial cell short and wide, less than 2.5 as long as wide; vein Rs+M visible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a short fringe of setae.
Metasoma (Fig. 13 E). Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, with close and distinct micropunctures in posterior half of metasoma; anteromedian area with a small group of 3–4 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine quite extended beyond attachment of lateral flap (Fig. 15 E); hypopigial setae arranged in two rows; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
Distribution. Recorded from Nicaragua and now from Panama (Chiriquí, Renacimiento).
Biology. The species was originally recorded as an inquiline in an unidentified stem gall on Quercus oleoides that was similar to galls of Xanthoteras quercusforticorne (Diaz & Gallardo 1998). We have reared this inquiline from galls of an undescribed Disholcaspis species (Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, unpublished). The host galls are gregarious and are formed in stems of Quercus lancifolia (Fig. 21 H).
description: Published as part of Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique, 2011, Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini), pp. 1-47 in Zootaxa 2774 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276876