cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in poultry manure management technologies – environmental aspects
Creators: name: Kacprzak, Małgorzata
name: Malińska, Krystyna
name: Grosser, Anna
name: Sobik-Szołtysek, Jolanta
name: Wystalska, Katarzyna
name: Dróżdż, Danuta
name: Jasińska, Anna
name: Meers, Erik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Poultry manure (PM) has become a serious environmental problem due to large scale of industrial production and unsustainable management, causing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), odors, leakage of nutrients as well as inorganic, organic and biological pollutants. The main goal of this review was to get a better understanding of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles in processing of poultry manure with the most common technologies such as composting, anaerobic digestion, or thermal processes, e.g. pyrolysis. The carbon contained in organic matter (ca. 31%) is mineralized and humified under aerobic conditions (matter recovery) and/or converted into biogas under anaerobic conditions (energy recovery). PM as a feedstock for pyrolysis to obtain biochar may effectively store and prevent C, thus contributing to climate change abatement. During composting, nitrogen is reduced from the compost mixture by leachates in the form of NH4+, NO3− or gaseous emissions of NH3, N2O, N2. The C/N ratio is also decisive parameter. Most environmental threats of unmanaged PM result from ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, being higher for PM compared to cattle and cow manure independently of technological processes. The phosphorous in PM is mainly inorganic (32-84%). Using untreated manure as a fertilizer does not allow taking up high doses of phosphorus contained in poultry manure, so the excess accumulates in the soil and then leaches into groundwater. Biochar and struvite are an alternative to storage and source of high concentrations of phosphorous. Cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are an integral effect of technologies used for PM management.
A Cycle-Based Formulation and Valid Inequalities for DC Power Transmission Problems with Switching
Creators: name: Kocuk, Burak
name: Jeon, Hyemin
name: Dey, Santanu S.
name: Linderoth, Jeff
name: Luedtke, James
name: Sun, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well-known that optimizing network topology by switching on and off transmission lines improves the efficiency of power delivery in electrical networks. In fact, the USA Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Section 1223) states that the U.S. should "encourage, as appropriate, the deployment of advanced transmission technologies" including "optimized transmission line configurations". As such, many authors have studied the problem of determining an optimal set of transmission lines to switch off to minimize the cost of meeting a given power demand under the direct current (DC) model of power flow. This problem is known in the literature as the Direct-Current Optimal Transmission Switching Problem (DC-OTS). Most research on DC-OTS has focused on heuristic algorithms for generating quality solutions or on the application of DC-OTS to crucial operational and strategic problems such as contingency correction, real-time dispatch, and transmission expansion. The mathematical theory of the DC-OTS problem is less well-developed. In this work, we formally establish that DC-OTS is NP-Hard, even if the power network is a series-parallel graph with at most one load/demand pair. Inspired by Kirchoff's Voltage Law, we give a cycle-based formulation for DC-OTS, and we use the new formulation to build a cycle-induced relaxation. We characterize the convex hull of the cycle-induced relaxation, and the characterization provides strong valid inequalities that can be used in a cutting-plane approach to solve the DC-OTS. We give details of a practical implementation, and we show promising computational results on standard benchmark instances.
Critical fluctuations of noisy period-doubling maps
Creators: name: Noble, Andrew E.
name: Karimeddiny, Saba
name: Hastings, Alan
name: Machta, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We extend the theory of quasipotentials in dynamical systems by calculating, within a broad class of period-doubling maps, an exact potential for the critical fluctuations of pitchfork bifurcations in the weak noise limit. These far-from-equilibrium fluctuations are described by finite-size mean field theory, placing their static properties in the same universality class as the Ising model on a complete graph. We demonstrate that the effective system size of noisy period-doubling bifurcations exhibits universal scaling behavior along period-doubling routes to chaos.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
DataHub: an innovative platform for ingestion, management and publishing of distributed scientific data
Creators: name: EGI Foundation
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: EGI Webinar
DataHub
2024

description: This webinar on the latest updates of EGI DataHub, an innovative distributed data access and management platform powered by Onedata technology. EGI DataHub unites 18 data providers across Europe, offering seamless data access and management capabilities.
Personalized Targets of Moral Persuasion
Creators: name: Brandt, Mark
name: Vallabha, Shree
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This preregistration is for our pretest-posttest experiment testing predictions about moral reframing that targets people's more or less central attitudes based on personalized belief systems.
Merging of Bézier curves with box constraints
Creators: name: Gospodarczyk, Przemysław
name: Woźny, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a novel approach to the problem of merging of Bézier curves with respect to the $L_2$-norm. We give illustrative examples to show that the solution of the conventional merging problem may not be suitable for further modification and applications. As in the case of the degree reduction problem, we apply the so-called restricted area approach -- proposed recently in (P. Gospodarczyk, Computer-Aided Design 62 (2015), 143--151) -- to avoid certain defects and make the resulting curve more useful. A method of solving the new problem is based on box-constrained quadratic programming approach.
Kongsbergia rucira Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Aturidae
Kongsbergia
Kongsbergia rucira

description: Kongsbergia rucira Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Streams; probably hyporheophilous.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Recent advances in electro-Fenton process and its emerging applications
Creators: name: Nidheesh, Puthiya Veetil
name: Ganiyu, Soliu O.
name: Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A.
name: Mousset, Emmanuel
name: Olvera-Vargas, Hugo
name: Trellu, Clément
name: Zhou, Minghua
name: Oturan, Mehmet A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: The electro-Fenton (EF) process is a powerful electrochemical advanced oxidation process. Its development has progressed over the past three decades as a clean and effective technique for wastewater treatment. Even though conventional EF has been shown to be a powerful process for efficient degradation/mineralization of toxic and/or persistent organic pollutants; it still suffers from some downsides for industrial-scale development. Recently, research has focused on improving its effectiveness and relevance, mainly by modifying certain operating parameters; improvements in electrode material and reactor configuration, as well as coupling with other treatment methods. Therefore, this review evaluates the current state of the EF process and presents the most recent advances such as 3D-EF, chelate-EF, self-powered EF, pulsed current EF, bio-EF, sono-EF, sulfite-EF, pyrite-EF, and ferrate-EF in addition to its emerging applications like disinfection, generation of value-added products, and removal of emerging pollutants from water. The suitability of different modified or hybrid-EF processes is discussed based on their performance in H2O2 generation, degradation kinetics, mineralization efficiency and cost effectiveness. This review article is intended to be comprehensive, critical and of general interest, covering recent developments and advances in EF process with the aim of providing a powerful method for the treatment of wastewater polluted with biorecalcitrant pollutants.
Talin Autoinhibition Is Required for Morphogenesis
Creators: name: Schöck, Frieder
name: Peifer, Mark
name: Lobo, Paolo
name: Czerniecki, Stefan
name: Van Petegem, Filip
name: Fairchild, Michael J.
name: Tanentzapf, Guy
name: Long, Jenny
name: Ellis, Stephanie J.
name: Goult, Benjamin T.
name: Harris, Nathan J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The establishment of a multi-cellular body plan requires coordinating changes in cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton to ensure proper cell shape and position within a tissue. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins plays diverse, essential roles during animal embryogenesis and therefore must be precisely regulated [1]. Talin, a FERM-domain containing protein, forms a direct link between integrin adhesion receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, and is an important regulator of integrin function [2]. Similar to other FERM proteins, talin makes an intramolecular interaction that could autoinhibit its activity [3–6]. However, the functional consequence of such an interaction has not been previously explored in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that targeted disruption of talin autoinhibition gives rise to morphogenetic defects during fly development and specifically that dorsal closure (DC), a process that resembles wound healing, is delayed. Impairment of autoinhibition leads to reduced talin turnover at and increased talin and integrin recruitment to sites of integrin-ECM attachment. Finally, we present evidence that talin autoinhibition is regulated by Rap1-dependent signaling. Based on our data we propose that talin autoinhibition provides a switch for modulating adhesion turnover and adhesion stability that is essential for morphogenesis.
What Public Values Does Practitioner-Scholar Research Collaboration Produce
Creators: name: Tang, Tian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration

description: In this study, we examine what public values local government officials want to create when collaborating with researchers to address local sustainability and resilience challenges. Specifically, we focus on three public values: effectiveness, equity, and accountability. We will test whether local government officials are more likely to collaborate with researchers to improve equity or accountability in addition to improving the effectiveness of public services and programs. We test these hypotheses using a field experiment in which we send emails to US local government officials and ask if they would like to collaborate with the FSU Sustainability and Governance Lab on research projects to address their sustainability and resilience challenges. We manipulate the paragraph in the email to show public officials different public values the research collaboration can create. Research participants are assigned to 3 groups (2 treatment groups and 1 control group) using block randomization.
Acupuncture for perimenopausal stable angina pectoris with insomnia
Creators: name: , Shirui
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Acupuncture
subject: insomnia

description: This study is a randomized, double-blind (patient and evaluator),and placebo-controlled clinical trial. We will recruit 110 perimenopausal stable angina patients with insomnia in the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine and randomly divide them into a treatment group (standard drug treatment + acupuncture) and a control group (standard drug treatment + sham acupuncture) according to the ratio of 1:1. The patients will receive acupuncture 3 times a week for 12 weeks, with 6 months of follow-up observation after treatment. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the secondary outcomes included sleep parameters, SAP evaluation, the MOS item short-form health survey (SF-36), sleeping pill dosage, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) , and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). The primary outcome will be assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and 1, 3, and 6 months following the end of treatment (follow-up period). The secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks of the treatment period.
Experiences on the Use and Misuse of the Shopee Application Towards Purchasing Behavior Among Selected Accountancy, Business and Management Senior High School Students
Creators: name: Academic, International Journal Of
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Education
subject: behavior
subject: online shopping
subject: product
subject: satisfaction
subject: Shopee

description: Abrogar, M. S. I. (2022). Experiences on the use and misuse of the Shopee application towards purchasing behavior among selected Accountancy, Business and Management senior high school students. International Journal of Academic and Practical Research, 1(1), 1 – 7.
Tracking Shallow Chemical Gradients by Actin-Driven Wandering of the Polarization Site
Creators: name: Jin, Meng
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Zyla, Trevin R.
name: Lew, Daniel J.
name: Savage, Natasha S.
name: Dyer, Jayme M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Many cells are remarkably proficient at tracking very shallow chemical gradients, despite considerable noise from stochastic receptor-ligand interactions. Motile cells appear to undergo a biased random walk: spatial noise in receptor activity may determine the instantaneous direction, but because noise is spatially unbiased it is filtered out by time-averaging, resulting in net movement up-gradient. How non-motile cells might filter out noise is unknown.
Phase 2 safety and antiviral activity of SAB-185, a novel polyclonal antibody therapy for non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19
Creators: name: Smith, Davey M
name: ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
name: Eron, Joseph J
name: Taiwo, Babafemi O
name: Giganti, Mark J
name: Li, Jonathan Z
name: Greninger, Alexander L
name: Wohl, David Alain
name: Neytman, Gene
name: Olefsky, Maxine
name: Chew, Kara W
name: Luke, Thomas
name: Hughes, Michael D
name: Hoover, Keila
name: Javan, Arzhang Cyrus
name: Daar, Eric S
name: Currier, Judith S
name: Bausch, Christoph
name: Moser, Carlee
name: Fletcher, Courtney V
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2023

description: SAB-185, a novel fully-human IgG polyclonal immunoglobulin product, underwent phase 2 evaluation for non-hospitalized adults with mild-moderate COVID-19.Participants received intravenous SAB-185 3,840 units/kg (low-dose) or placebo, or 10,240 units/kg (high-dose) or placebo. Primary outcome measures were nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA <lower limit of quantification (LLoQ) at study days 3, 7, and 14, time to symptomatic improvement, and safety through day 28.Two-hundred thirteen participants received low-dose SAB-185/placebo (n=107/106) and 215 high-dose SAB-185/placebo (n=110/105). The proportions with SARS-CoV-2 RNA <LLoQ were higher for SAB-185 versus placebo at days 3 and 7 and similar at day 14, and significantly higher at day 7 for high-dose SAB versus placebo only, relative risk (95% CI) 1.23 (1.01, 1.49). At day 3, SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were lower with low-dose and high-dose SAB-185 versus placebo, differences in medians of -0.78 log10copies/mL (p=0.08) and -0.71 log10copies/mL (p=0.10), respectively. No difference was observed in time to symptom improvement: median 11/10 days (p=0.24) for low-dose SAB-185/placebo and 8/10 days (p=0.50) for high-dose SAB-185/placebo. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 5%/13% of low-dose SAB-185/placebo and 9%/12% of high-dose SAB-185/placebo.SAB-185 was safe and generally well tolerated and demonstrated modest antiviral activity in predominantly low-risk non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19.
Tools for Resolving Functional Activity and Connectivity within Intact Neural Circuits
Creators: name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Jennings, Joshua H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Mammalian neural circuits are sophisticated biological systems that choreograph behavioral processes vital for survival. While the inherent complexity of discrete neural circuits has proven difficult to decipher, many parallel methodological developments promise to help delineate the function and connectivity of molecularly defined neural circuits. Here, we review recent technological advances designed to precisely monitor and manipulate neural circuit activity. We propose a holistic, multifaceted approach for unraveling how behavioral states are manifested through the cooperative interactions between discrete neurocircuit elements.
L-Ascorbic Acid Activates TET2 DNA Dioxygenase to Suppress Tumor Growth as a Co-substrate
Creators: name: Yang, Shiyue
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The α-KG-dependent tumor suppressor ten-eleven translocation methyl-cytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is frequently mutated in blood cancers and has impaired activities in solid tumors, both contributing to the DNA hypermethylation and tumorigenesis. L-Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, has been reported to stimulate TET2 enzymatic activities with high specificity to upregulate gene expression involved in anti-tumor activities that suppress cancer progression. Other general reducers, such as glutathione, do not display the same effect. Previous studies suggested that intracellular accumulation of vitamin C is required for ascorbic activation of TET2 and that the vitamin C stimulation of TET2 is independent of iron uptake or the α-KG co-substrate production level. The molecular basis of how ascorbic acid regulates TET2 remains a mystery. Computational molecular docking study supports our hypothesis that vitamin C directly binds to the active site of TET2 as a novel co-substrate and activator, elevating the turnover rate of TET2 through direct recycling of the ferrous ion co-factor by reduction. Using Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, my study validated the direct binding of vitamin C to TET2. Some, but not all, mutations of amino acids in the TET2 active site known to be involved in binding with the co-substrate α-KG disrupt vitamin C-TET2 binding, suggesting that vitamin C occupies similar but nonidentical binding sites with α-KG. I also show that vitamin C treatment increases the expression of chemokines and PD-L1 genes in a TET2-dependent manner upon interferon treatment in both breast cancer 4T1 and melanoma B16 cell lines. Uncovering the mechanism of vitamin C regulation of TET2 through co-substrate binding will stimulate further studies on the broad class of α-KG dependent dioxygenases and provide mechanistic support for stimulating TET2 activity by vitamin C as adjuvant therapy for cancer immunotherapy.
Determining isotopy classes of crossing arcs in alternating links
Creators: name: Tsvietkova, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M50

description: Given a reduced alternating diagram for a link, we obtain conditions that guarantee that the link complement has a complete hyperbolic structure, crossing arcs are the edges of an ideal geodesic triangulation, and every crossing arc is isotopic to a simple geodesic. The latter was conjectured by Sakuma and Weeks in 1995. We provide infinite families of closed braids for which our conditions hold.
description: To appear in Asian Journal of Matematics. 18 pages, 12 figures
QORAQALPOQLARDA DEHQONCHILIKGA BOG'LIQ BO'LGAN BAYRAM VA MAROSIMLAR
Creators: name: Eshmuratova, Muxabbat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mazkur maqolada dehqonchilikda mavsumga va ob-havo  bilan bog'liq bo'lgan milliy marosimlarimiz haqida fikr-mulohazlar yuritilgan. Shuningdek, dehqonchilik haqida, uning tarixiy jarayonlari haqida ma'lumotlar  keltirilgan.
What Will Diabetes Genomes Tell Us?
Creators: name: Mohlke, Karen L.
name: Scott, Laura J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A new generation of genetic studies of diabetes is underway. Following from initial genome-wide association (GWA) studies, more recent approaches have used genotyping arrays of more densely spaced markers, imputation of ungenotyped variants based on improved reference haplotype panels, and sequencing of protein-coding exomes and whole genomes. Experimental and statistical advances make possible the identification of novel variants and loci contributing to trait variation and disease risk. Integration of sequence variants with functional analysis is critical to interpreting the consequences of identified variants. We briefly review these methods and technologies and describe how they will continue to expand our understanding of the genetic risk factors and underlying biology of diabetes.
Stokaxonopsis besselingi Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Aturidae
Stokaxonopsis
Stokaxonopsis besselingi

description: Stokaxonopsis besselingi (Cook, 1967)
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—“ Axonopsis (Stokaxonopsis) besselingi “ Cook (1967); “ A. besselingi “ Prasad (1974); Pešić & Ranga Reddy (2009).
Habitat: Hyporheic interstitial.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Nutrition Transition and the Global Diabetes Epidemic
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a rapid change in the nutrition transition toward increases in noncommunicable diseases. Underlying this transition are shifts in the agricultural system and the subsequent growth of the modern retail and food service sectors across all regions and countries, a change in technology affecting physical activity and inactivity, mass media access, urbanization, and penetration of modern food systems into all societies. The resulting major shifts in diet are toward increased refined carbohydrates, added sweeteners, edible oils, and animal-source foods and reduced legumes, other vegetables, and fruits. Most countries are seeing increases in body mass index (BMI), overweight, and waist circumference (WC), and an increased WC-BMI ratio appears to be emerging in many regions. The implications of these rapidly changing diets and body compositions include the prevalence and severity of diabetes in LMICs.
The Teenage Brain: Peer Influences on Adolescent Decision Making
Creators: name: Steinberg, Laurence
name: Chein, Jason
name: Albert, Dustin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Research efforts to account for elevated risk behavior among adolescents have arrived at an exciting new stage. Moving beyond laboratory studies of age differences in “cool” cognitive processes related to risk perception and reasoning, new approaches have shifted focus to the influence of social and emotional factors on adolescent neurocognition. We review recent research suggesting that adolescent risk-taking propensity derives in part from a maturational gap between early adolescent remodeling of the brain's socio-emotional reward system and a gradual, prolonged strengthening of the cognitive control system. At a time when adolescents spend an increasing amount of time with their peers, research suggests that peer-related stimuli may sensitize the reward system to respond to the reward value of risky behavior. As the cognitive control system gradually matures over the course of the teenage years, adolescents grow in their capacity to coordinate affect and cognition, and to exercise self-regulation even in emotionally arousing situations. These capacities are reflected in gradual growth in the capacity to resist peer influence.
Manipulating quantum channels in weak topological insulator nanoarchitectures
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Akihiko
name: Arita, Takashi
name: Takane, Yositake
name: Yoshimura, Yukinori
name: Imura, Ken-Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In $strong$ topological insulators protected surface states are always manifest, while in $weak$ topological insulators (WTI) the corresponding metallic surface states are either manifest or hidden, depending on the orientation of the surface. One can design a nanostep on the surface of WTI such that a protected helical channel appears along it. In a more generic WTI nanostructure, multiple sets of such quasi-1D channels emerge and are coupled to each other. We study the response of the electronic spectrum associated with such quasi-1D surface modes against a magnetic flux piercing the system in the presence of disorder, and find a non-trivial, connected spectral flow as a clear signature indicating the immunity of the surface modes to disorder. We propose that the WTI nanoarchitecture is a promising platform for realizing topologically protected nanocircuits immune to disorder.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Common non-linearities in multiple series of stock market volatility
Creators: name: Anderson, Heather M.
name: Vahid, Farshid
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Decreases in stock market returns often lead to higher increases in volatility than increases in returns of the same magnitude, and it is common to incorporate these
Statistics of non-affine defect precursors: tailoring defect densities in colloidal crystals using external fields
Creators: name: Ganguly, Saswati
name: Sengupta, Surajit
name: Sollich, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse-graining atomic displacements in a solid produces both local affine strains and "non-affine" fluctuations. Here we study the equilibrium dynamics of these coarse grained quantities to obtain space-time dependent correlation functions. We show how a subset of these thermally excited, non-affine fluctuations act as precursors for the nucleation of lattice defects and suggest how defect probabilities may be altered by an {\it experimentally realisable} "external" field conjugate to the global non-affinity parameter. Our results are amenable to verification in experiments on colloidal crystals using commonly available holographic laser tweezer and video microscopy techniques, and may lead to simple ways of controlling the defect density of a colloidal solid.
description: Some typos in the earlier arXiv version as well as in the final published paper have been corrected here
Influence of Dietary Substances on Intestinal Drug Metabolism and Transport
Creators: name: S. Won, Christina
name: F. Paine, Mary
name: H. Oberlies, Nicholas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Successful delivery of promising new chemical entities via the oral route is rife with challenges, some of which cannot be explained or foreseen during drug development. Further complicating an already multifaceted problem is the obvious, yet often overlooked, effect of dietary substances on drug disposition and response. Some dietary substances, particularly fruit juices, have been shown to inhibit biochemical processes in the intestine, leading to altered pharmacokinetic (PK), and potentially pharmacodynamic (PD), outcomes. Inhibition of intestinal CYP3A-mediated metabolism is the major mechanism by which fruit juices, including grapefruit juice, enhances systemic exposure to new and already marketed drugs. Inhibition of intestinal non-CYP3A enzymes and apically-located transport proteins represent recently identified mechanisms that can alter PK and PD. Several fruit juices have been shown to inhibit these processes in vitro, but some interactions have not translated to the clinic. The lack of in vitro-in vivo concordance is due largely to a lack of rigorous methods to elucidate causative ingredients prior to clinical testing. Identification of specific components and underlying mechanisms is challenging, as dietary substances frequently contain multiple, often unknown, bioactive ingredients that vary in composition and bioactivity. A translational research approach, combining expertise from clinical pharmacologists and natural products chemists, is needed to develop robust models describing PK/PD relationships between a given dietary substance and drug of interest. Validation of these models through well-designed clinical trials would facilitate development of common practice guidelines for managing drug-dietary substance interactions appropriately.
Socially Fair Options for Effective Climate Policy
Creators: name: Kettner, Claudia
name: Bock-Schappelwein, Julia
name: Kletzan-Slamanig, Daniela
name: Sommer, Mark
name: Gühnemann, Astrid
name: Pfaffenbichler, Paul
name: Hartwig, Lukas
name: Gold, Olivia
name: Kirchner, Mathias
name: Spittler, Nathalie
name: Wretschitsch, Eva
name: Kranzl, Lukas
name: Maia, Ina
name: Müller, Andreas
name: Mayrhofer, Lukas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: equity
decarbonisation
housing sector
mobility sector
macroeconomy

description: The introduction of policy instruments to decarbonise housing and mobility will entail unequal effects for different house-hold groups depending on several (social) characteristics, such as their income, respective work situation (e.g. distance to workplace), financial background (e.g. affordability of a car), household composition, the place of residence (e.g. availabil-ity of public transport and other amenities), leisure activities, the home’s thermal quality, and the heating system used. By linking a macroeconomic model with a vehicle choice model, a transport demand model and a building stock model, we analyse policy scenarios achieving a full decarbonisation of housing and mobility in Austria by 2040, comprising both eco-nomic and regulatory instruments. We assess the emission impacts as well as the macroeconomic and distributional ef-fects of policy sets on different household types and develop measures to compensate vulnerable groups ensuring that the disposable income of disadvantaged household groups is not reduced. Stakeholders were engaged for identifying relevant climate mitigation measures as well as compensation measures for the scenarios.
CОВРЕМЕННАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ВОЙНА
Creators: name: Журавлева Л.А.
name: Зарубина Е.В.
name: Ручкин А.В.
name: Симачкова Н.Н.
name: Чупина И.П.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: гибридная война
информационная война
информация
цели информационной войны
субъекты информационной войны
кибервойска
фейк
методы ведения информационной войны
информационная безопасность.

description: Предметом исследования в статьеявляется информационная война, которая сегодня развязана Западом против Росси в связи с проведением нашей страной военной спецоперации на Украине. Авторы используют понятие информационной или информационно-психологической войны как противоборства в мировом и локальном информационном пространстве, которое осуществляется насильственными (манипулятивными) методами и приемами воздействия на информационно-психологическую сферу противника с целью решения своих стратегических задач. Авторы последовательно рассматривают понятие и сущность информационной войны, ее основные цели, объекты и субъекты. В качестве целей информационной войны, которую ведут обе стороны конфликта, выделяются: укрепление мотивации, воли к победе и психической устойчивости своих войск и населения своих стран; внесение смятения, страха и паники в войска противника и население враждебных стран и формирование негативного имиджа враждебных стран в глазах мирового сообщества. Особое внимание авторы статьи уделяют методам веденияинформационной войны, которая сегодня развязана Западом против России в связи с проведением нашей страной военной спецоперации на Украине. На примерах анализа фейков о нашей армии и нашей стране рассмотрены основные способы и приемы ведения информационной войны, такие как создание и распространение недостоверных непроверенных слухов, использовании фотографий и съемок не с места описываемого события, а совсем из других мест, создание постановочных кадров для фото и ведеосьемок, использование фрагментов видеоигр, давно снятых роликов и художественных фильмов, а также кадры для фотографий и видеосъемок, сделанных с помощью компьютерной графики и web-дизайна. В качестве практических рекомендаций авторы предлагают алгоритмы коллективной и личной информационной безопасности, необходимые для эффективного противостояния информационным вбросам наших противников.
Dexamethasone Increases Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in Perfused Human Eyes
Creators: name: Perruccio, Elizabeth M.
name: Locatelli-Hoops, Silvia
name: Borrás, Teresa
name: Rowlette, Laura Leigh S.
name: Comes, Núria
name: Becerra, S. Patricia
name: Notari, Luigi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: To investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) cDNA and secreted protein in human trabecular meshwork (TM).
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ
Creators: name: Эриашвили Н.Д.
name: Иванова Ю.А.
name: Аливердиева М.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: экология
экологические проблемы
природа
окружающая среда
природопользование
глобальные экологические проблемы.

description: Глобальные экологические проблемы представляют опасность для Земли. Учитывая так много стихийных бедствий, глобальное потепление, периоды похолодания и изменение погодных условий, люди должны быть более осведомлены об экологических проблемах, с которыми сталкивается планета.
Non-Biological Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment with Membrane Processes—An Opportunity for Water Recycling
Creators: name: Philipp, Maximilian
name: Reich, Jascha
name: Geißen, Sven-Uwe
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: non-biological treatment
subject: membrane separation technology
subject: slaughterhouse wastewater
subject: recycling
subject: wastewater treatment
subject: reverse osmosis
subject: ultrafiltration

description: The pressure-driven membrane separation processes ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) enable the effective purification of wastewater, in particular in combination, allowing organic and inorganic contaminants to be separated from the wastewater. Consequently, this work investigates the suitability of this technology for slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) recycling. This was investigated by means of laboratory and bench-scale plant membrane experiments, whereby slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) pre-treated by flotation was first treated with UF and then further purified with RO. Through the process combination UF + RO in the bench scale experiment, a reduction of the parameters total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) of more than 98% and 97% for the parameter total nitrogen (TN) could be achieved. This means that wastewater reuse without product contact can be guaranteed. For direct process water reuse, only the concentration limit for ammonium could not be reached. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses of the RO membrane were carried out before and after the experiment, which did not indicate any scaling effects.
Race, geography, and risk of breast cancer treatment delays: A population-based study 2004–2015
Creators: name: Bell, E.F.
name: Wheeler, S.B.
name: Jackson, B.E.
name: Green, L.
name: LeBlanc, M.R.
name: Baggett, C.D.
name: Reeder-Hayes, K.E.
name: Gaddy, J.J.
name: Kuo, T.-M.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2023

description: Background: Treatment delays affect breast cancer survival and constitute poor-quality care. Black patients experience more treatment delay, but the relationship of geography to these disparities is poorly understood. Methods: We studied a population-based, retrospective, observational cohort of patients with breast cancer in North Carolina between 2004 and 2017 from the Cancer Information and Population Health Resource, which links cancer registry and sociodemographic data to multipayer insurance claims. We included patients >18 years with Stage I–III breast cancer who received surgery or chemotherapy as their first treatment. Delay was defined as >60 days from diagnosis to first treatment. Counties were aggregated into nine Area Health Education Center regions. Race was dichotomized as Black versus non-Black. Results: Among 32,626 patients, 6190 (19.0%) were Black. Black patients were more likely to experience treatment delay >60 days (15.0% of Black vs. 8.0% of non-Black). Using race-stratified modified Poisson regression, age-adjusted relative risk of delay in the highest risk region was approximately twice that in the lowest risk region among Black (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6–2.6) and non-Black patients (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5–2.3). Adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic features only slightly attenuated interregion differences. The magnitude of the racial gap in treatment delay varied by region, from 0.0% to 9.4%. Conclusions: Geographic region was significantly associated with risk of treatment delays for both Black and non-Black patients. The magnitude of racial disparities in treatment delay varied markedly between regions. Future studies should consider both high-risk geographic regions and high-risk patient groups for intervention to prevent delays.
Quantitative Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow During Light, Dark Adaptation and Flicker Light Stimulation in Rats Using Fluorescent Microspheres
Creators: name: Li, Guang
name: Cull, Grant
name: Wang, Lin
name: Duong, Timothy Q.
name: Shih, Yen-Yu I.
name: Kiel, Jeffery W.
name: De La Garza, Bryan H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The present study aimed to quantify retinal and choroidal blood flow (BF) during light, dark adaptation and flicker light stimulation using the microsphere technique.
Cantilevered Tandem Stator in Annular High Speed Test Rig
Creators: name: Rückert, Roland
name: Peitsch, Dieter
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: axial compressor
subject: stator
subject: moving endwall
subject: tandem blades
subject: corner separation
subject: clearance flow

description: The present paper investigates the aerodynamic performance of a cantilevered tandem stator based on experiments conducted within a high speed annular test rig at the Technische Universitaet Berlin. A tandem blade in this context describes a double rowed stator configuration where the turning of the incoming flow is split up between two blades arranged in succession. For evaluation purposes, a conventional single bladed stator is used as reference. To provide machine relevant boundary conditions of cantilevered stator assemblies, the moving hub wall is recreated by a rotating disk. Overall, the tandem stator is able to achieve higher flow turning while keeping the total pressure losses below those of a single stator. It is found that the tandem stator in general behaves similar to the conventional stator. When installed in cantilevered fashion, both stator types benefit considerably in terms of loss reduction. Without the hub clearance and therefore absence of the clearance flow, each of the configurations suffered from severe corner separation. The tandem stator responds more sensitively to change in clearance height.
AAV Hybrid Serotypes: Improved Vectors for Gene Delivery
Creators: name: Samulski, R.
name: Choi, Vivian
name: McCarty, Douglas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: In recent years, significant efforts have been made on studying and engineering adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, in order to increase efficiency in targeting specific cell types that are non-permissive to wild type (wt) viruses and to improve efficacy in infecting only the cell type of interest. With our previous knowledge of the viral properties of the naturally occurring serotypes and the elucidation of their capsid structures, we can now generate capsid mutants, or hybrid serotypes, by various methods and strategies. In this review, we summarize the studies performed on AAV retargeting, and categorize the available hybrid serotypes to date, based on the type of modification: 1) transcapsidation, 2) adsorption of bi-specific antibody to capsid surface, 3) mosaic capsid, and 4) chimeric capsid. Not only these hybrid serotypes could achieve high efficiency of gene delivery to a specific targeted cell type, which can be better-tailored for a particular clinical application, but also serve as a tool for studying AAV biology such as receptor binding, trafficking and genome delivery into the nucleus.
AAVs Anatomy: Roadmap for Optimizing Vectors for Translational Success
Creators: name: M. Mitchell, Angela
name: K. Warischalk, Jayme
name: Jude Samulski, R.
name: C. Nicolson, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Adeno-Associated Virus based vectors (rAAV) are advantageous for human gene therapy due to low inflammatory responses, lack of toxicity, natural persistence, and ability to transencapsidate the genome allowing large variations in vector biology and tropism. Over sixty clinical trials have been conducted using rAAV serotype 2 for gene delivery with a number demonstrating success in immunoprivileged sites, including the retina and the CNS. Furthermore, an increasing number of trials have been initiated utilizing other serotypes of AAV to exploit vector tropism, trafficking, and expression efficiency. While these trials have demonstrated success in safety with emerging success in clinical outcomes, one benefit has been identification of issues associated with vector administration in humans (e.g. the role of pre-existing antibody responses, loss of transgene expression in non-immunoprivileged sites, and low transgene expression levels). For these reasons, several strategies are being used to optimize rAAV vectors, ranging from addition of exogenous agents for immune evasion to optimization of the transgene cassette for enhanced therapeutic output. By far, the vast majority of approaches have focused on genetic manipulation of the viral capsid. These methods include rational mutagenesis, engineering of targeting peptides, generation of chimeric particles, library and directed evolution approaches, as well as immune evasion modifications. Overall, these modifications have created a new repertoire of AAV vectors with improved targeting, transgene expression, and immune evasion. Continued work in these areas should synergize strategies to improve capsids and transgene cassettes that will eventually lead to optimized vectors ideally suited for translational success.
Scaling properties of one-dimensional driven-dissipative condensates
Creators: name: He, Liang
name: Sieberer, Lukas M.
name: Altman, Ehud
name: Diehl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the scaling properties of a one-dimensional driven-dissipative condensate described by a stochastic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (SCGLE). We directly extract the static and dynamical scaling exponents from the dynamics of the condensate's phase field, and find that both coincide with the ones of the one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. We furthermore calculate the spatial and the temporal two-point correlation functions of the condensate field itself. The decay of the temporal two-point correlator assumes a stretched-exponential form, providing further quantitative evidence for an effective KPZ description. Moreover, we confirm the observability of this non-equilibrium scaling for typical current experimental setups with exciton-polariton systems, if cavities with a reduced $Q$ factor are used.
description: 7 pages
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РОССИЙСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА
Creators: name: Ковалев С.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: конституционное право
федерализм
проблемы федерализма
исторический аспект развития федерализма
асимметрия
суверенитет
«матрёшечный» принцип.

description: В статье рассматриваются различные взгляды на понятие и происхождение федерализма в Российской Федерации. В статье проводится анализ современных проблем федеративной формы устройства Российской Федерации, раскрываются их причины. Рассматриваются проблемы, возникающие при реализации принципа самостоятельности субъектов РФ при организации системы органов государственной власти субъектов РФ и при их функционировании. Автор делает вывод о том, что в настоящее время Россия не является «классической» федерацией, тяготеет к сильному центру с минимальной самостоятельностью регионов.