cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variational Analysis of Landscape Elevation and Drainage Networks
Creators: name: Hooshyar, Milad
name: Anand, Shashank Kumar
name: Porporato, Amilcare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Landscapes evolve toward surfaces with complex networks of channels and ridges in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Here we analyze variational principles giving rise to minimalist models of landscape evolution as a system of partial differential equations that capture the essential dynamics of sediment and water balances. Our results show that in the absence of diffusive soil transport, the steady-state surface extremizes the average domain elevation. Depending on the exponent m of specific drainage area in the erosion term, the critical surfaces are either minima (01), with m=1 corresponding to a saddle point. Our results establish a connection between Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs) and Optimal Channel Networks (OCNs) and elucidate the role of diffusion in the governing variational principles.
Rationalizing apple growers’ decision making in Germany – a utility based whole farm programming approach
Creators: name: Rohrig, Maren B.K.
name: Hardeweg, Bernd
name: Lentz, Wolfgang
name: Rohrig, Maren B.K.
name: Hardeweg, Bernd
name: Lentz, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: utility-efficient programming
subject: risk aversion
subject: risk management
subject: crop insurance
subject: certainty equivalent

description: Commercial apple production is exposed to various sources of risks. This paper presents a normative utilityefficient programming (UEP) approach, calculating optimal farm plans for apple growers in two different regions of Germany. It takes weather-related quality and yield risks, as well as price risks into account. It is based on risk attitude and risk perception collected from a sample of 134 apple growers. After combining subjective estimates of the apple growers with relevant historical data, input data for the UEP-model were derived from Monte-Carlo simulations. The UEP-model determines optimal portfolios, consisting of combinations of apple varieties and risk management instruments. The results indicate that the degrees of risk aversion affect optimum farming strategies only to a minor extent. They also provide evidence that farmers would benefit from a combined frost-hail insurance, whereas the absence of frost irrigation systems may cause high yield-losses in the northern part of Germany.
Response of the Brazilian gravitational wave detector to signals from a black hole ringdown
Creators: name: Costa, César A.
name: Aguiar, Odylio D.
name: Magalhães, Nadja S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is assumed that a black hole can be disturbed in such a way that a ringdown gravitational wave would be generated. This ringdown waveform is well understood and is modelled as an exponentially damped sinusoid. In this work we use this kind of waveform to study the performance of the SCHENBERG gravitational wave detector. This first realistic simulation will help us to develop strategies for the signal analysis of this Brazilian detector. We calculated the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of frequency for the simulated signals and obtained results that show that SCHENBERG is expected to be sensitive enough to detect this kind of signal up to a distance of $\sim 20\mathrm{kpc}$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Amaldi 5 Conference Proceedings contribution. Submitted to Class. Quantum Grav
Additional file 4 of The global serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in felids during the last five decades (1967â€“2017): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mahbobeh Montazeri
name: Galeh, Tahereh Mikaeili
name: Moosazadeh, Mahmood
name: Shahabeddin Sarvi
name: Dodangeh, Samira
name: Javidnia, Javad
name: Sharif, Mehdi
name: Daryani, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. List of countries without data on Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild felids.
Different responses to climate change of the hydrological regime of Lake Hańcza, the deepest lake in the Central European Plain
Creators: name: Ptak, Mariusz
name: Sojka, Mariusz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The study presents changes in the elements of the hydrological regime of Lake Hańcza in the period 1960–2019, including water temperature, ice cover characteristics and water level. It was determined that statistically significant changes resulted in an increase in water temperature (0.11°C·dec−1), a decrease in maximum ice thickness (5 cm·dec−1) and an increase in water levels (6.7 cm·dec−1). Changes in water temperature and ice cover in the analysed case are different from those in other lakes of the region. As the tests conducted in this study and in previous research have shown, the lake has resisted global warming for a relatively long time, and the change in thermal conditions occurred a decade later than in other lakes in this part of Europe. The analysed case leads to the conclusion that the morphometric features of lakes significantly modify the influence of overriding factors, such as climate conditions.
title: Revue de presse sur Tilda Swinton et ICCARRE autoenvoyée par mail par Jacques Leibowitch
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111232830349
description: created: start=1975;end=2018
Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Standard-like Models with Intersecting D6-branes
Creators: name: Cvetic, Mirjam
name: Langacker, Paul
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address dynamical supersymmetry breaking within a N=1 supersymmetric Standard-like Model based on a Z_2 x Z_2 Type IIA orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. The model possesses an additional, confining gauge sector with the USp(2)_A x USp(2)_B x USp(4) gauge group, where the gaugino condensation mechanism allows for the breaking of supersymmetry and stabilizes moduli. We derive the leading contribution to the non-perturbative effective superpotential and determine numerically the minima of the supergravity potential. These minima break supersymmetry and fix two undetermined moduli, which in turn completely specify the gauge couplings at the string scale. For this specific construction the minima have a negative cosmological constant. We expect that for other supersymmetric Standard-like models with intersecting D6-branes, which also possess confining gauge sectors, the supersymmetry breaking mechanism would have qualitatively similar features.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Phase-Coherent Dynamics of Quantum Devices With Local Interactions
Creators: name: Filippone, Michele
name: Marguerite, Arthur
name: Hur, Karyn Le
name: Fève, Gwendal
name: Mora, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review illustrates how Local Fermi Liquid (LFL) theories describe the strongly correlated and coherent low-energy dynamics of quantum dot devices. This approach consists in an effective elastic scattering theory, accounting exactly for strong correlations. Here, we focus on the mesoscopic capacitor and recent experiments achieving Coulomb-induced quantum state transfer. Extending to out-of-equilibrium regimes, aiming at triggered single electron emission, we illustrate how inelastic effects become crucial, requiring approaches beyond LFLs, shedding new light on past experimental data, by showing clear interaction effects in the dynamics of mesoscopic capacitors.
description: 54 pages, 17 Figures
Violation of Bell's inequality for continuous variables
Creators: name: Praxmeyer, L.
name: Englert, B. -G.
name: Wodkiewicz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a wide class of bounded continuous variables observables that lead to violations of Bell inequalities for the EPR state and give an intuitive Wigner function explanation how to predetermine which operators won't ever exceed the bounds given by local theories.
description: An article based on a talk given at the EU QUEST network conference "Quantum Information with Atoms, Ions and Photons" (La Tuile, Italy, March 2004)
How does public investment support change the capital structure and productivity of small enterprises? An empirical study of the food industry
Creators: name: Spicka, Jindrich
name: Spicka, Jindrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: average treatment effects
subject: capital structure
subject: labour productivity
subject: public investment support
subject: policy impact evaluation
subject: small enterprises
subject: food industry

description: The impact evaluations of public investments are essential for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of public resource allocation. European public investment subsidies target small companies to enhance their competitiveness and viability in the market. This article uses the average treatment effect and the differencein- difference approach to evaluate the impacts of investment support from the Rural Development Programme and the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation on structural and economic indicators of small enterprises. This representative case study of 550 supported small companies from the Czech food and beverage industry during 2007-2015 clearly shows that investment subsidies increase the fixed assets, the credit-to-debt ratio and the labour productivity of supported companies versus nonparticipants. However, the discussion with recent studies indicates that this is not always positive for participants since high growth versus nonparticipants could result in crowding-out effects and increasing long-term and short-term debt that negatively impact technical efficiency.
Lyman-break galaxies: high mass or low?
Creators: name: Weatherley, Stephen J.
name: Warren, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reassess the hypothesis that Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at redshifts z~3 mark the centres of the most massive dark matter haloes at that epoch. First we reanalyse the kinematic measurements of Pettini et al., and of Erb et al., of the rest-frame optical emission lines of LBGs. We compare the distribution of the ratio of the rotation velocity to the central line width, against the expected distribution for galaxies with random inclination angles, modelled as singular isothermal spheres. The model fits the data well. On this basis we argue that the central line width provides a predictor of the circular velocity at a radius of several kpc. Assembling a larger sample of LBGs with measured line widths, we compare these results against the theoretical Lambda-CDM rotation curves of Mo, Mao & White, under the hypothesis that LBGs mark the centres of the most massive dark matter halos. We find that the circular velocities are over-predicted by a substantial factor, which we estimate conservatively as 1.8+/-0.4. This indicates that the model is probably incorrect. The model of LBGs as relatively low-mass starburst systems, of Somerville, Primack, and Faber (2001), provides a good fit to the data.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS Letters, Accepted
Additional file 1 of Improving post-partum family planning services provided by female community health volunteers in Nepal: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Thapa, Kusum
name: Dhital, Rolina
name: Sameena Rajbhandari
name: Mishra, Sangeeta
name: Subedi, Shanti
name: Bhogendra Dotel
name: Sapana Vaidya
name: Pande, Saroja
name: Emily-Anne Tunnacliffe
name: Makins, Anita
name: Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Interview Questionnaire for Female Community Health Volunteers.
Improving pandemic preparedness through better, faster influenza vaccines
Creators: name: Newland, Matthew
name: Durham, David
name: Asher, Jason
name: Treanor, John J.
name: Seals, Jonathan
name: Donis, Ruben O.
name: Johnson, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Introduction. Timely availability of effective influenza vaccine will be critical to mitigate the next influenza pandemic. The mission of Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) is to develop medical countermeasures against pandemics, including influenza and other health security threats. Areas covered. Despite considerable gains in pandemic vaccine preparedness since 2009, old and new challenges threaten the pandemic influenza response capabilities of the U.S. Government: insufficient U.S.-based vaccine production, two-dose vaccination regimen, logistically complex adjuvanted formulation, and sustained surge manufacturing capacity despite no commercial market for pandemic vaccines. Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has re-exposed these gaps in preparedness and response, previous investments into flexible influenza vaccine technologies proved to be critical to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine development. Expert opinion. BARDA addresses these challenges by implementing a pandemic influenza vaccine strategy with two key goals: 1) accelerating vaccine development and production (faster) and 2) improving vaccine performance (better). This strategy involves an end-to-end approach, including increasing manufacturing and fill-finish capacity; improving release testing speed; and funding clinical trials to improve current vaccine utilization. As demonstrated by the COVID-19 response, continued investments into this pandemic influenza vaccine strategy will further enhance the ability to respond to future emerging pandemic pathogens.
Early Treatment of COVID-19 Disease : A Missed Opportunity
Creators: name: Forrest, Jamie I.
name: Rayner, Craig R.
name: Park, Jay J. H.
name: Mills, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2021

description: Antivirals have demonstrated efficacy in treating other infectious diseases in early stages of disease, reducing morbidity, mortality, and the likelihood of onward transmission. At the time of writing, more than 1900 clinical trials are registered globally to assess the efficacy and safety of candidate therapeutics for COVID-19. The majority of these trials are designed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of candidate therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 to prevent death among populations of hospitalized patients with advanced disease. Yet, emerging epidemiological evidence now indicates that the majority of those infected with the SARS-CoV-2, while still infectious, experience minimal or mild disease symptomology. Like HIV and hepatitis C that pioneered treatment as prevention, there is a missed opportunity for trials of early pharmaceutical intervention for COVID-19 disease evaluating not only reductions in morbidity and mortality but also transmissibility. We discuss this clinical research gap within an historical context of viral treatment as prevention for HIV and hepatitis C, and comment on the challenges and opportunities for clinical research of candidate therapeutics for early COVID-19 disease.
Using multiple representations to improve student understanding of quantum states
Creators: name: Marshman, Emily
name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One hallmark of expertise in physics is the ability to translate between different representations of knowledge and use the representations that make the problem-solving process easier. In quantum mechanics, students learn about several ways to represent quantum states, e.g., as state vectors in Dirac notation and as wavefunctions in position and momentum representation. Many advanced students in upper-level undergraduate and graduate quantum mechanics courses have difficulty translating state vectors in Dirac notation to wavefunctions in the position or momentum representation and vice versa. They also struggle when translating the wavefunction between the position and momentum representations. The research presented here describes the difficulties that students have with these issues and how research was used as a guide in the development, validation, and evaluation of a Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT) to help students develop a functional understanding of these concepts. The QuILT strives to help students with different representations of quantum states as state vectors in Dirac notation and as wavefunctions in position and momentum representation and with translating between these representations. We discuss the effectiveness of the QuILT from in-class implementation and evaluation.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Non-locality, contextuality and valuation algebras: a general theory of disagreement
Creators: name: Abramsky, Samson
name: Carù, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a strong link between two apparently unrelated topics: the study of conflicting information in the formal framework of valuation algebras, and the phenomena of non-locality and contextuality. In particular, we show that these peculiar features of quantum theory are mathematically equivalent to a general notion of \emph{disagreement} between information sources. This result vastly generalises previously observed connections between contextuality, relational databases, constraint satisfaction problems, and logical paradoxes, and gives further proof that contextual behaviour is not a phenomenon limited to quantum physics, but pervades various domains of mathematics and computer science. The connection allows to translate theorems, methods and algorithms from one field to the other, and paves the way for the application of generic inference algorithms to study contextuality.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in ferrimagnetic clusters and chains: A contrast between zero and one dimensions
Creators: name: Hori, Hiromitsu
name: Yamamoto, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by ferrimagnetic oligonuclear and chain compounds synthesized by Caneschi et al., both of which consist of alternating manganese(II) ions and nitronyl-nitroxide radicals, we calculate the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T_1 employing a recently developed modified spin-wave theory. 1/T_1 as a function of temperature drastically varies with the location of probe nuclei in both clusters and chains, though the relaxation time scale is much larger in zero dimension than in one dimension. 1/T_1 as a function of an applied field in long chains forms a striking contrast to that in finite clusters, diverging with decreasing field like inverse square root at low temperatures and logarithmically at high temperatures.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev. B 68 August 01 (2003)
Long range disorder and Anderson transition in systems with chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Garcia-Garcia, Antonio M.
name: Takahashi, Kazutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral properties of a chiral random banded matrix (chRBM) with elements decaying as a power-law ${{\cal H}_{ij}}\sim |i-j|^{-α}$. This model is equivalent to a chiral 1D Anderson Hamiltonian with long range power-law hopping. In the weak disorder limit we obtain explicit nonperturbative analytical results for the density of states and the two-level correlation function by mapping the chRBM onto a nonlinear sigma model. We also put forward, by exploiting the relation between the chRBM at $α=1$ and a generalized chiral random matrix model, an exact expression for the above correlation functions. We give compelling analytical and numerical evidence that for this value the chRBM reproduces all the features of an Anderson transition. Finally we discuss possible applications of our results to QCD.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; discussions on superconductivity removed
Theory of Higgs Modes in $d$-Wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Yang, F.
name: Wu, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying a microscopic gauge-invariant kinetic theory in $d$-wave superconductors, we analytically derive the energy spectra of the breathing Higgs mode and, in particular, rotating Higgs mode that is unique for the $d$-wave order parameter. Analytical investigation on their dynamic properties is also revealed. We show that the breathing Higgs mode is optically visible in the second-order regime. Whereas the rotating Higgs mode is optically inactive, we show that this mode can be detected in the pseudogap phase by magnetic resonance experiment. It is interesting to find that with a longitudinal temperature gradient, the charge-neutral rotating Higgs mode generates a thermal Hall current by magnetic field in the pseudogap phase, providing a unique scheme for its detection.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Can machine learning improve prediction – an application with farm survey data
Creators: name: Ifft, Jennifer
name: Kuhns, Ryan
name: Patrick, Kevin
name: Ifft, Jennifer
name: Kuhns, Ryan
name: Patrick, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: machine learning
subject: prediction
subject: agricultural resource management survey
subject: farm debt
subject: credit demand

description: Businesses, researchers, and policymakers in the agricultural and food sector regularly make use of large public, private, and administrative datasets for prediction, including forecasting, public policy targeting, and management research. Machine learning has the potential to substantially improve prediction with these datasets. In this study we demonstrate and evaluate several machine learning models for predicting demand for new credit with the 2014 Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Many, but not all, of the machine learning models used are shown to have stronger predictive power than standard econometric approaches. We provide a cost based model evaluation approach for managers to analyze returns to machine learning methods relative to standard econometric approaches. While there are potentially significant returns to machine learning methods, research objectives and firm-level costs are important considerations that in some cases may favor standard econometric approaches.
German dairy farmers’ attitudes toward farm animal welfare and their willingness to participate in animal welfare programs: a cluster analysis
Creators: name: Heise, Heinke
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Heise, Heinke
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: animal welfare program
subject: cluster analysis
subject: dairy farming
subject: farm animal welfare
subject: farmer survey

description: Farm animal welfare (FAW) is at the center of a controversial public debate, and the demand for higher farm animal welfare standards is growing. Nevertheless, there are hardly any dairy products from pure animal welfare programs (AWPs) on the market. Although dairy farmers are a very important stakeholder group for the successful implementation of AWPs, very little is known about their attitudes toward the introduction of such programs. For this study, 258 conventional dairy farmers in Germany were questioned about FAW and AWPs via an online survey. We identified five clusters (farmer groups) that significantly differ with regard to their attitudes toward AWPs, FAW, and their own willingness to improve the level of animal welfare or take part in specialized AWPs. Cluster A consists of farmers who strongly oppose AWPs; farmers in this cluster will probably not take part in AWPs, especially because they do not consider it profitable to do so. Farmers in cluster B also view AWPs and the associated market effects with some skepticism; however, they are willing to improve their level of animal welfare and, therefore, may someday become willing to participate in AWPs. Cluster C farmers have diverse attitudes toward AWPs; since they are slightly willing to improve the level of animal welfare on their farms and as they are comparatively most optimistic concerning the market effects of higher animal welfare standards, these farmers could also become AWP participants in the future. Farmers in cluster D have positive attitudes toward AWPs and show the highest willingness among the five clusters to improve animal welfare on their farms. However, when it comes to the market effects of higher national animal welfare standards and the market potential for more animal-friendly products, these farmers are the most skeptical; if the economic security of AWPs were guaranteed, Cluster D farmers would probably constitute an important target group. Farmers in cluster E have positive attitudes toward AWPs, show a high willingness to improve the own FAW, and tend to be less skeptical about the market effects of higher animal welfare standards; these farmers constitute the most important potential target group for AWPs. Our results can provide a starting point for the design of tailor-made AWPs that fulfill the requirements of both dairy farmers and the broader public.
Particle Pile-ups and Planetesimal Formation
Creators: name: Youdin, Andrew N.
name: Chiang, Eugene I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid particles in protoplanetary disks that are sufficiently super-solar in metallicity overcome turbulence generated by vertical shear to gravitationally condense into planetesimals. Super-solar metallicities result if solid particles pile up as they migrate starward as a result of aerodynamic drag. Previous analyses of aerodynamic drift rates that account for mean flow differences between gas and particles yield particle pile-ups. We improve on these studies not only by accounting for the collective inertia of solids relative to that of gas, but also by including the transport of angular momentum by turbulent stresses within the particle layer. These turbulent stresses are derived in a physically self-consistent manner from the structure of marginally Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulent flows. They are not calculated using the usual plate drag formulae, whose use we explain is inappropriate. Accounting for the relative inertia of solids to gas retards, but does not prevent, particle pile-ups, and generates more spatially extended regions of metal enrichment. Turbulent transport hastens pile-ups. We conclude that particle pile-up is a robust outcome in sufficiently passive protoplanetary disks. Connections to observations of circumstellar disks, including the Kuiper Belt, and the architectures of planetary systems are made.
description: Final revised version, accepted to ApJ. Error corrected in density dependence of Epstein drift rate; correction caused quantitative changes, particularly in high particle density limit. Qualitative conclusion that particle pile-ups can trigger planetesimal formation within protostellar disk lifetime is unaffected
Hexavalent vaccines in infants: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the solicited local and systemic adverse reactions of two hexavalent vaccines
Creators: name: Piyali Mukherjee
name: Essè Ifèbi Hervé Akpo
name: Kuznetsova, Anastasia
name: Knuf, Markus
name: Sven-Arne Silfverdal
name: Pope Kosalaraksa
name: Mihalyi, Attila
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Objectives: The hexavalent vaccine DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Infanrix hexa, GSK) was first licensed in Europe in 2000. DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Hexyon/Hexacima/Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), and DT5aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Vaxelis, MCM Vaccine Company) were licensed in the EU in 2013 and 2016 respectively, based largely on studies demonstrating non-inferiority to DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib for immunogenicity and comparable reactogenicity profiles. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review looking for direct head-to-head trials comparing DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib and DT5aP-HBV-IPV-Hib with DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib. The incidence of solicited local and systemic reactions following primary series administration of DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib or DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib were meta-analyzed. Results: A total of 317 unique records were retrieved from the search; nine met the predefined inclusion criteria; seven reported studies comparing DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib and DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib. Six trials assessing outcomes of the primary vaccination series were identified. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI) were computed for DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib, using DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib as reference, for redness (0.72; 0.63-0.83), pain (0.74; 0.62-0.89), swelling (0.86; 0.74-0.99) at injection site, fever (0.67; 0.54-0.83), persistent crying (0.72; 0.61-0.84), drowsiness (0.82; 0.71-0.94), irritability (0.82; 0.69-0.98), anorexia (0.83; 0.72-0.95), and vomiting (0.96; 0.83-1.11). Conclusion: ORs of analyzed local and systemic solicited adverse reactions after primary vaccination with DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib appear to be slightly lower than with DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib.
Full Law Identification In Graphical Models Of Missing Data: Completeness Results
Creators: name: Nabi, Razieh
name: Bhattacharya, Rohit
name: Shpitser, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Missing data has the potential to affect analyses conducted in all fields of scientific study, including healthcare, economics, and the social sciences. Several approaches to unbiased inference in the presence of non-ignorable missingness rely on the specification of the target distribution and its missingness process as a probability distribution that factorizes with respect to a directed acyclic graph. In this paper, we address the longstanding question of the characterization of models that are identifiable within this class of missing data distributions. We provide the first completeness result in this field of study -- necessary and sufficient graphical conditions under which, the full data distribution can be recovered from the observed data distribution. We then simultaneously address issues that may arise due to the presence of both missing data and unmeasured confounding, by extending these graphical conditions and proofs of completeness, to settings where some variables are not just missing, but completely unobserved.
description: Camera ready version published at ICML 2020
Water stress & water salience: implications for water supply planning
Creators: name: Garcia, Margaret
name: Shafiqul Islam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Water stress prompts a durable reduction in water demand under some circumstances. This demand reduction has the potential to alter the benefits and costs of demand- and supply-side alternatives in water supply planning. This paper takes a socio-hydrological approach to assess the implications of this feedback, in the context of Las Vegas, Nevada. This application demonstrates feasibility first by developing and testing a novel model of water salience as a function of proximity to water supply thresholds, and then linking modules to account for feedback between subsystems. Lastly, by comparing this model to a water use scenario model to assess system performance under a range of future conditions and potential responses, this work illustrates the trade-offs between scenarios and the socio-hydrological approach. This model, while specific to Las Vegas, demonstrates a prototypical modeling framework capable of examining water supply–demand interactions by incorporating water stress-driven conservation.
Pruning Algorithms for Low-Dimensional Non-metric k-NN Search: A Case Study
Creators: name: Boytsov, Leonid
name: Nyberg, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We focus on low-dimensional non-metric search, where tree-based approaches permit efficient and accurate retrieval while having short indexing time. These methods rely on space partitioning and require a pruning rule to avoid visiting unpromising parts. We consider two known data-driven approaches to extend these rules to non-metric spaces: TriGen and a piece-wise linear approximation of the pruning rule. We propose and evaluate two adaptations of TriGen to non-symmetric similarities (TriGen does not support non-symmetric distances). We also evaluate a hybrid of TriGen and the piece-wise linear approximation pruning. We find that this hybrid approach is often more effective than either of the pruning rules. We make our software publicly available.
Domain structure in the monoclinic Pm phase of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 - PbTiO3 single crystals
Creators: name: Bokov, A. A.
name: Ye, Z. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The domain structure of (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- xPbTiO3 single crystals with composition x ~ 0.33 in the range of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was studied. Based on the analysis of spontaneous strain compatibility and charge of domain walls, we have established the permissible domain arrangements for the ferroelectric phases of different symmetry, which are expected to occur in the range of the MPB. Examination of (001)-oriented unpoled and electrically poled (along the [001] direction) crystal plates in polarizing microscope reveals a monophase state with the domain structure compatible with the structure theoretically predicted for the Mc monoclinic phase (space group Pm), which was recently discovered in the compositions close to the MPB by x-ray and neutron diffraction studies. In the unpoled crystal the 180 deg. walls between the domains whose spontaneous polarization vectors are parallel to the plane of the crystal plate (i.e. a-domains) are observed. The domain structure of the poled crystal is predominantly composed of crystallographically prominent Wf walls parallel to (001) (i.e. the plane of the crystal plate) and inclined S walls parallel to [110] or [1-10] direction. In poled and unpoled samples the optical rotatory polarization effect is found, which is related to the inhomogeneity of the sample resulting from the mixture of domains.
description: PDF file, 30 pages, 15 figures (3 in color) collected on pp.18-30
Analysis of agribusiness value chains servicing small-holder dairy farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan: three case studies
Creators: name: Godfrey, Sosheel S.
name: Ramsaym Gavin, C.
name: Behrendt, Karl
name: Wynn, Peter C.
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Aslam, Naveed
name: Godfrey, Sosheel S.
name: Ramsaym Gavin, C.
name: Behrendt, Karl
name: Wynn, Peter C.
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Aslam, Naveed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: value chain
subject: milk
subject: nutrition
subject: price
subject: pro-poor policy

description: The agriculture sector in Pakistan, as in most developing countries, is dominated by smallholder producers. Pakistan has the world’s third largest dairy industry, and milk is efficiently collected and distributed chiefly by informal value chains that market the raw product with minimal cool chain infrastructure. Formal processors have a small market share of 5%. Interview data from farmers, milk collectors and consumers from three rural-urban case study value chains were analysed to study opportunities and challenges faced by the dairy industry. Compositional analysis of milk samples (n=84) collected along these chains identified the fact that in Pakistan informal milk chains provide a cheaper source of calories for the final consumer than industrialised milk chains (USD 0.12 compared USD 0.15 per 100 calories). These three chains created an estimated 4,872 jobs from farm to market and provided access to interest-free credit for the farmers. The existing government price setting mechanism at the retail end and collusion by large processors to set farm gate prices provided significant limitations to the profitability of small-holder farms providing the product. The absence of quality and quantity standards, amid the exchange of huge numbers of small volumes of milk along these chains, are major impediments to industry growth.
The Quark-Meson Model and the Phase Diagram of Two-Flavour QCD
Creators: name: Tetradis, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the qualitative features of the QCD phase diagram in the context of the linear quark-meson model with two flavours, using the exact renormalization group. We identify the universality classes of the second-order phase transitions and calculate critical exponents. In the absence of explicit chiral-symmetry breaking through the current quark masses, we discuss in detail the tricritical point and demonstrate that it is linked to the Gaussian fixed point. In its vicinity we study the universal crossover between the Gaussian and O(4) fixed points, and the weak first-order phase transitions. In the presence of explicit chiral-symmetry breaking, we study in detail the critical endpoint of the line of first-order phase transitions. We demonstrate the decoupling of pion fluctuations and identify the Ising universality class as the relevant one for the second-order phase transition.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, minor corrections, added references
Dynamic Phase Transition in the Contact Process with Spatial Disorder: Griffths Phase and Complex Persistence Exponents
Creators: name: Bhoyar, Priyanka D.
name: Gade, Prashant M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model which displays Griffiths phase i.e. algebraic decay of density with continuously varying exponent in the absorbing phase. In active phase, the memory of initial conditions is lost with continuously varying complex exponent in this model. This is 1-D model where fraction r of sites obey rules leading to directed percolation (DP) class and the rest evolve according to rules leading to compact directed percolation (CDP) class. For infection probability $p < p_c$, the fraction of active sites $ρ(t) = 0$ asymptotically. For $p > p_c$, $ρ(infty) > 0$. At $p = p_c$, $ρ(t)$, the survival probability from single seed and the average number of active sites starting from single seed decay logarithmically. The local persistence $P_l(\infty) > 0$ for $p < p_c$ and $P_l(\infty) = 0$ for $p > p_c$. For $p > p_s$, local persistence $P_l(t)$ decays as a power law with continuously varying exponents. The persistence exponent is clearly complex as $p\rightarrow 1$. The complex exponent implies logarithmic periodic oscillations in persistence. The wavelength and the amplitude of the logarithmic periodic oscillations increases with p. We note that underlying lattice or disorder does not have self-similar structure.
Curator’s Machine
Creators: name: Bönisch, Dominik
Publisher: name: International Journal for Digital Art History
Year: 2021

description: The digitization in art museums promises extended access to the objects of the collection both for scientific purposes and for an interested public, and this preferably online—independent of location and at any time. Here it is not enough to simply limit the search in databases to narrowly defined keywords. Rather, specific interfaces and visualizations should allow the user to explore the digital inventory as well as to ‘stroll’ through the online collection. Artificial intelligence can support the systematic and structured processing of the mass of data in the museum. Machine learning can reveal connections and links between artworks, which previously became accessible to the curator only incompletely or with difficulty. The text presents a first prototype on the basis of which the research project “Training the Archive” intends to investigate the machine-aided, explorative (re)discovery of connections within the museum's collection.
description: International Journal for Digital Art History, No. 5 (2020): History of Digital Art
ARGOS Level 0 Science Requirements
Creators: name: Antoniadis, John
name: Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas
name: University of Piraeus
name: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
name: CEA Saclay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document provides an overview of the ARGOS scientific priorities (ASPs), and corresponding level 0 requirements. It is meant to serve as a reference for the ARGOS stakeholders and the Consortium, during the design phase of the facility. The level 0 requirements are directly derived from the ARGOS Science Priorities (ASPs) that were developed during the first phase of ARGOS-CDS, with input from the scientific community solicited during the ARGOS stakeholders’ workshop. The ASPs and level 0 requirements capture the breadth of science that ARGOS will address when it becomes operational.
Deep Sequential Models for Suicidal Ideation from Multiple Source Data
Creators: name: Peis, Ignacio
name: Olmos, Pablo M.
name: Vera-Varela, Constanza
name: Barrigón, María Luisa
name: Courtet, Philippe
name: Baca-García, Enrique
name: Artés-Rodríguez, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents a novel method for predicting suicidal ideation from Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data using deep sequential models. Both EHR longitudinal data and EMA question forms are defined by asynchronous, variable length, randomly-sampled data sequences. In our method, we model each of them with a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and both sequences are aligned by concatenating the hidden state of each of them using temporal marks. Furthermore, we incorporate attention schemes to improve performance in long sequences and time-independent pre-trained schemes to cope with very short sequences. Using a database of 1023 patients, our experimental results show that the addition of EMA records boosts the system recall to predict the suicidal ideation diagnosis from 48.13% obtained exclusively from EHR-based state-of-the-art methods to 67.78%. Additionally, our method provides interpretability through the t-SNE representation of the latent space. Further, the most relevant input features are identified and interpreted medically.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (JBHI)
Controlled quantum teleportation and secure direct communication
Creators: name: Gao, T
name: Yan, F L
name: Wang, Z X
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender (Alice) to a remote receiver (Bob) via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of the third side.
description: 4 pages