Cnemidocarpa pilocincta Exbodi 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Exbodi, Françoise Monniot
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Stolidobranchia
Styelidae
Cnemidocarpa
Cnemidocarpa pilocincta

description: Cnemidocarpa pilocincta sp. nov.
Figure 12
Etymology: circled with hairs.
Station: EXBODI: CP 3892, 1 specimen designed as Holotype (Type MNHN-IT-2018-78)
The body is almost spherical, 2.6cm in diameter, coated with sediment with a belt of hair filaments, except on a well delimited naked disk of the tunic on the ventral side (Fig. 12A,B). The siphons are slightly protruding dorsally and close to each other. Curiously the aspect and size of this specimen is exactly the same as in Bathyoncus lanatus collected at the same station, they would have been confused without dissection. The body wall is thicker dorsally than ventrally with dense longitudinal muscle fibres (Fig. 12C). Both siphons have a stout sphincter. The oral tentacles are simple in three orders of size. The prepharyngeal band in a single blade is slightly curved dorsally, not in a V. The dorsal tubercle is button-shaped. The long dorsal lamina has a plain edge. There are four branchial folds on each side (Fig. 12D). The first fold near the endostyle and the third fold on the right side are thinner. On the right side the most dorsal branchial fold begins close to the dorsal lamina but parts from it ventrally (Fig. 12D). The branchial folds are low and well separated by four to seven longitudinal vessels. The stigmata are irregular, not in the common elongated shape of the Styelidae but round holes pierced in a sheet and strangled by parastigmatic vessels (Fig. 12E). This design is present in the whole branchial sac. There are two or three stigmata in a mesh between the folds. The digestive loop occupies a small posterior part of the left body side. It is loosely attached to the body wall. The stomach has numerous well marked longitudinal folds (Fig. 12C) and a small caecum. The primary intestinal loop is narrow, the rectum curves dorsally ending in a denticulate anus. There are two elongate cylindrical gonads on the right side and one on the left side (Fig. 12C) made up of a central ovary and lateral testis vesicles. The gonoducts open at the base of the atrial aperture with joined but slightly divergent male and female papillae (Fig. 12F). There are about 10 endocarps on the right body side some very small and others in large ampullae (Fig. 12C). On the left side there are four endocarps anterior to the gonad and a group of small transparent vesicles posterior to the stomach.
Taken together, the body shape, number and disposition of the gonads, shape of stigmata in C. carpocincta do not correspond to any other Cnemidocarpa recorded from the South Pacific Ocean; they justify a new species even if with a single specimen the number of gonads cannot be ascertained as it is often variable in the genus Cnemidocarpa. The unusual aspect of the stigmata may be due to a deep habitat.
description: Published as part of Exbodi, Françoise Monniot, 2022, Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region, pp. 201-223 in Zootaxa 5195 (3) on pages 214-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7187776