cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of the assimilation of ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer on surface ozone across North America
Creators: name: Parrington, M.
name: Jones, D. B. A.
name: Bowman, K. W.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
name: Merrill, J.
name: Oltmans, S. J.
name: Leblanc, T.
name: Witte, J. C.
name: Millet, D. B.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2009
Subjects: air quality
ozone
tropospheric

description: We examine the impact of assimilating ozone observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on North American surface ozone abundances in the GEOS-Chem model in August 2006. The assimilation reduces the negative bias in the modeled free tropospheric ozone, which enhances the ozone flux into the boundary layer. Surface ozone abundances increased by as much as 9 ppb in western North America and by less than 2 ppb in the southeast, resulting in a total background source of ozone of 20–40 ppb. The enhanced ozone in the model reduced the model bias with respect to surface ozone observations in the western USA, but exacerbated it in the east. This increase in the bias in the boundary layer in the east, despite the agreement between the assimilation and ozonesonde measurements in the free troposphere, suggests errors in the ozone sources or sinks or in boundary layer mixing in the model.
A Scoping Review of Empirical Asexuality Research in Social Science Literature
Creators: name: Hecht, Hillary K.
name: Kattari, Shanna K.
name: Ross, Emily
name: Guz, Samantha
name: Gross, E. B.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Research on asexuality as a part of the experience of human sexuality has increased over the last two decades. However, there has not yet been a systematic review of the extant literature on asexuality. This paper aims to provide a systematic scoping review of literature on asexuality with articles published in 2004 through August 2021. After a systematic search procedure, 48 studies were included. A codebook was developed to extract broad information about the literature on asexuality, including sampling techniques, research participant sociodemographics, and conceptualization of asexuality. Results of the review indicate that the research is currently split between qualitative and quantitative methods. The literature primarily relied on convenience sampling within asexual online communities. The primary online community was Asexual Visibility and Education Network (AVEN), which may have contributed to the majority of participants being White, presumptively cisgender, women between the ages of 20–30. Analysis of the overall literature scope demonstrates no support for asexuality as a medical condition (i.e., a disorder requiring treatment) and instead supports the need to recognize asexuality as a complex identity and sexual orientation. Implications for research are discussed, such as the need for additional research on the topic of human sexuality that includes asexuality as a sexual orientation as well as the need for more intersectional research within the literature.
KEGEYLI DIYQANSHILIQ OAZISINIŃ ÓZLESTIRIW TARIYXI BOYINSHA QISQASHA MAǴLIWMAT
Creators: name: Dalibaeva, Nazixan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Kegeyli rayonı Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasınıń oraylıq bóliminde, Ámiwdáryanıń tómengi aǵımınıń oń jaǵasında jaylasqan bolıp, ázelden suw hám jer resurslarına tiykarlanǵan diyqanshılıq jumısı ushın áhmiyetli aymaqlardan biri bolıp kelgen. Geografiyalıq jaylasıwı hám klimat sharayatı diyqanshılıq ushın imkaniyat jaratqan bolsa da, oypatlıqtıń tolıq ózlestiriliwi uzaq tariyxıy processlerde qáliplesken. Bul maqalada Kegeyli oazisiniń áyyemgi dáwirlerinen házirgi ǵárezsizlik jıllarına shekemgi ózlestiriw processleri tariyxıy derekler tiykarında analız qilindi.
Greater Social Functioning Associated With Lower Depressive Symptomatology Among Black Belt African Americans Enrolled in the Southeastern Collaboration to Improve Blood Pressure Control Study.
Creators: name: Cherrington, Andrea
name: Ringel, Joanna Bryan
name: Safford, Monika M
name: Dargar, Savira
name: Cene, Crystal
name: Finch, Anthony J
name: Cummings, Doyle
name: Halladay, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Physicians Postgraduate Press
Year: 2022

description:
Objective: In many populations, higher social functioning is associated with lower depressive symptomatology, which in turn is associated with improved cardiovascular health. This study aimed to establish an association between social functioning and depressive symptomatology, which has not yet been demonstrated in the African American Black Belt. This would be an important finding in a region with high cardiovascular morbidity. Methods: This observational study used baseline data from 1,225 African American Black Belt residents with uncontrolled hypertension in the Southeastern Collaboration to Improve Blood Pressure Control (SEC) trial. Three Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires-the emotional support, instrumental support, and social isolation questionnaires-and marital status assessed social functioning. The 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire assessed depressive symptomatology. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between social functioning and depressive symptomatology separately and then simultaneously. Data were collected from May 2017 to April 2021. Results: Social functioning was higher than US-reported averages, and the prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptomatology was low (20.8%) among primary care populations. In a separate model, lower emotional support, lower instrumental support, and increased social isolation were significantly associated with greater depressive symptomatology (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.20-2.02; OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.01-1.77; and OR = 2.39, 95% CI, 1.81-3.16, respectively). In a simultaneous model, only increased perceived social isolation remained significantly associated with greater depressive symptomatology (OR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.67-3.00). Conclusions: Greater social functioning is associated with lower depressive symptom burden in the Black Belt region. Future research into the directionality of this association could assist in the development of interventions to improve regional mental and cardiovascular health. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02866669.
Treatment Intensity, Prescribing Patterns, and Blood Pressure Control in Rural Black Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension
Creators: name: Halladay, Jacqueline R.
name: Patil, Shivajirao
name: Oparil, Suzanne
name: Safford, Monika M.
name: Cherrington, Andrea
name: Adams, Alyssa
name: Soroka, Orysya
name: Cummings, Doyle M.
name: Ringel, Joanna Bryan
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Background/Objective Because racial disparities in hypertension treatment persist, the objective of the present study was to examine patient vs. practice characteristics that influence antihypertensive selection and treatment intensity for non-Hispanic Black (hereafter “Black”) patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the rural southeastern USA. Methods We enrolled 25 Black patients from each of 69 rural practices in Alabama and North Carolina with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mm Hg) in a 4-arm cluster randomized trial of BP control interventions. Patients’ antihypertensive medications were abstracted from medical records and reconciled at the baseline visit. Treatment intensity was computed using the defined daily dose (DDD) method of the World Health Organization. Correlates of greater antihypertensive medication intensity were assessed by linear regression modeling, and antihypertensive medication classes were compared by baseline systolic BP (SBP) level. Results A total of 1431 patients were enrolled and had complete baseline data. Antihypertensive treatment intensity averaged 3.7 ± 2.6 equivalent medications at usual dosages and was significantly related to higher baseline systolic BP, older age, male sex, insurance availability, higher BMI, and concurrent diabetes, but not to practice type or medication barriers in regression models. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were the most commonly used medications, followed by diuretics and calcium channel blockers. Conclusion/Relevance Antihypertensive treatment intensity for Black patients in the rural southeastern USA with a history of uncontrolled hypertension averaged the equivalent of almost four medications at usual dosages and was significantly associated with baseline SBP levels and other patient characteristics, but not clinic type. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02866669.
Skin Tone and the Health Returns to Higher Status
Creators: name: Hummer, Robert A
name: Hargrove, Taylor W
name: DeAngelis, Reed T
Publisher: name: Duke University Press
Year: 2022

description:
This study addresses two questions. First, why do Black Americans exhibit worse health outcomes than White Americans even at higher levels of socioeconomic status (SES)? Second, are diminished health returns to higher status concentrated among Black Americans with darker skin color? Novel hypotheses are tested with biosocial panel data from Add Health, a nationally representative cohort of Black and White adolescents who have transitioned to adulthood. We find that White and light-skin Black respondents report improved health after achieving higher SES, on average, while their darker-skin Black peers report declining health. These patterns persist regardless of controls for adolescent health status and unmeasured between-person heterogeneity. Moreover, increased inflammation tied to unfair treatment and perceptions of lower status helps to account for patterns of diminished health returns for dark-skin Black groups. Our study is the first to document skin tone heterogeneity in diminished health returns and one of few studies to identify life course stress processes underlying such disparities. We consider additional processes that could be examined in future studies, as well as the broader health and policy implications of our findings.
Examining the White Supremacist Practices of Funding Organizations for Public Health Research and Practice: A Composite Narrative From Female, BIPOC Junior Researchers in Public Health
Creators: name: Merino, Yesenia
name: Leos, Cristina
name: Wallace, Deshira
name: Chen, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2022

description:
Background. It is challenging for junior public health investigators who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) to secure funding for projects and research. We used a narrative inquiry approach to understand and present the funding cascade from the perspectives of female, junior BIPOC researchers and provide funders with actionable recommendations to advance their antiracist goals. Approach. We applied a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework to guide our narrative inquiry approach. The participants were the four co-authors and we each drafted individual narratives around our experience with the funding cascade and subsequently the five stages of narrative analysis. Results. We created a visual representation of key activities for funders and applicants organized by our perceived magnitude of inequities in a journey map, an interpreter table that describes common phrases and barriers encountered, and a composite counternarrative presented as a group text message conversation, elevating common themes including feeling pressured to have our research agendas conform to funders' interests and receiving limited key information and support in the funding process. Discussion. We discussed how our findings represented manifestations of White supremacy characteristics like power hoarding and paternalism. Implications for practice. We offered specific antidotes for funding organizations to make their processes more antiracist and invited leaders of public health funding organizations to join us to further identify antidotes and share lessons learned in Fall 2023.
The safe use of inflammatory bowel disease therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Brenner, Erica J
name: Kamath, Chethana
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often require the use of immunosuppressant medications that increase infection risk, leading to concerns over the safe use of IBD medications during the Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives: To summarize available evidence on the safety and appropriate use of IBD medications during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in regard to risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes such as hospitalization, respiratory failure, or death for patients on IBD therapeutics. Conclusions: The majority of IBD medications are safe to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a few notable exceptions. Patients with IBD who do not have COVID-19 should continue their prescribed IBD therapies, although steroids are associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and should be weaned when possible. Corticosteroids should be tapered and discontinued when possible in patients with IBD who test positive for COVID-19 as well. Patients with IBD who test positive for COVID-19 should hold biologics, thiopurines, methotrexate, and tofacitinib for at least 2 weeks, and those who have symptoms should not restart these medications until symptom resolution. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all patients with IBD should continue to follow public health guidance including social distancing, masking, and COVID-19 vaccination recommendations.
Questionnaires for the ETMED-L project
Creators: name: Carrard, Valerie
name: Bourquin, Céline
name: Berney, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Questionnaires used to collect the ETMED-L project's data.

More details regarding the project are available in its published protocol: Berney A, Carrard V, Berney S, Schlegel K, Gaume J, Gholam M, et al. Study protocol for the ETMED-L project: Longitudinal study of mental health and interpersonal competence of medical students in a Swiss university using a comprehensive framework of empathy. BMJ Open 2021;11:e053070. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053070
Additional file 2 of Deciphering the genome of Simplicillium aogashimaense to understand its mechanisms against the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici
Creators: name: Zhu, Mo
name: Duan, Xiao
name: Cai, Pengkun
name: Li, Yong-fang
name: Qiu, Zongbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Alignment (a) and phylogenetic analysis (b) of Sao008714 and its homologs from Trichoderma spp. and Pseudozyma flocculosa were performed using DNAMAN and MEGA, respectively. The evolutionary tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with the options of 1000 bootstrap replicates, Tamura-Nei model and 50% site coverage cut off (Zhu et al. 2022). Figure S2. Alignment (a) and phylogenetic analysis (b) of Sao006491 and its homologs from Trichoderma spp. and Pseudozyma flocculosa were performed using DNAMAN and MEGA, respectively. The evolutionary tree was constructed according to Maximum likelihood method with the options of 1000 bootstrap replicates, Tamura-Nei model and 50% site coverage cut-off. Figure S3. The expression levels of Sao008714 (a) and Sao006491 (b) during mycoparasitic interaction of S. aogashimaense with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). The spore suspension of S. aogashimaense was sprayed onto wheat leaves with Bgt colonies. The whole leaves were harvested at 3, 6 and 9 dpi for RNA extraction. The elongation factor 1 alpha-encoding gene of S. aogashimaense was used as the reference gene. The following primers were used for amplification: Sao006491, GGATATGAGTCGCGCTTCCA (forward) and AAACTGAGCGGCGTTTGTTCF (reverse); Sao008714, ACAATCCATCGGCCACAGAG (forward) and CCAACTCCGCCATGAGATGT (reverse). The expression levels of Sao008714 and Sao006491 were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation from three independent biological experiments. The means were compared using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
Can Respiratory Riboviruses, Including SARS-CoV-2, Be Engineered out of the Built Environment?
Creators: name: Hadler, Nortin M.
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2022

description:
Despite dramatic advances in prevention and treatment, people are still getting sick and dying as COVID-19 becomes a “flu season” that will not let go. Is this our future? Will we forever be waiting for newer vaccines and antiviral drugs with bated breath?
Correction: TP53, CDKN2A/P16, and NFE2L2/NRF2 regulate the incidence of pure- and combined-small cell lung cancer in mice
Creators: name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Simon, Jeremy M.
name: Hayes, D. Neil
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Weissman, Bernard E.
name: Holt, Jeremiah R.
name: Witkiewicz, Agnieszka K.
name: Bowman, Brittany M.
name: Murphy, Ryan M.
name: Oliver, Trudy G.
name: Hamad, Samera H.
name: Spainhower, Kyle B.
name: Knudsen, Erik S.
name: Montgomery, Stephanie A.
name: Major, M. Ben
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Correction to "TP53, CDKN2A/P16, and NFE2L2/NRF2 regulate the incidence of pure- and combined-small cell lung cancer in mice"
Analysis of the Summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations
Creators: name: Pfister, G. G.
name: Emmons, L. K.
name: Hess, P. G.
name: Lamarque, J.-F.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Yorks, J. E.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2008
Subjects: ozonesondes
chemistry transport model
ozone budget

description: The origin of ozone over the summertime contiguous United States during summer 2004 was examined using the Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-A) Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS-04) over North America. We estimate the budget using the global chemistry transport Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 4 (MOZART-4) with synthetic tracers that keep track of the ozone produced from selected NOx sources (stratosphere, lightning, anthropogenic, and biomass burning sources in Eurasia and the contiguous United States, and North American boreal fires). This “model budget” is analyzed in conjunction with results from a “laminar identification method” (LID), a more empirical approach to extracting information about contributions from ozone transported down from the stratosphere, advection, and convection. Both methods give comparable results for the contribution from stratospheric ozone, an average over all sites of 20 ± 7% for the LID budget and of 26 ± 6% for the model budget (the standard deviation gives the variability over the IONS sites). These results point toward the important contribution of downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere in assessing tropospheric ozone. The contributions for the other tracers are 25 ± 9% for U.S. sources, 13 ± 5% for Eurasian sources, 3 ± 2% for boreal fires and 10 ± 2% from lightning. In the boundary layer the dominant contribution generally comes from local (U.S.) sources. Eurasian sources can add up to 8% on average for some sites, lightning up to 4%, and North American boreal fires up to 10%. Variations in the tracer contributions across the different sites can be large, but the budget estimated by the model for the entire United States is similar to the budget averaged over the IONS-04 sites which lets us conclude that the sample of locations and launch days conveys a proper representation of the large-scale picture.
Complexities and costs of floodplain buyout implementation
Creators: name: Hino, Miyuki
name: BenDor, Todd K.
name: Curran-Groome, William
name: Salvesen, David
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
Public acquisitions of floodplain properties, or “buyouts,” whereby governments purchase properties at risk of flooding from willing sellers and convert them to open space, are a widely used strategy for reducing risk. Since 1990, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has provided funding for more than 40,000 properties. Yet, little is known about the costs of buyout implementation, even though federal funding requirements mandate a complex set of activities undertaken by local, state, and federal government staff. This lack of understanding of buyout activity costs hinders development of evidence-based policy recommendations. To address this gap, we surveyed local and state government officials and consultants who have worked on floodplain buyout projects. Our survey results provide the first systematic, activity-level financial documentation of buyout projects in the U.S. Local and state government respondents reported median per-property activity costs of $14,428 and $8,161 (or 9.64% and 6.95% of property purchase costs), respectively. Respondents also reported significant variation in the activities undertaken as part of each project; community engagement strategies were particularly diverse, suggesting some households may not be adequately informed as a result of insufficient funding, time, or technical capacity for these activities. The varied and complex structures of buyout projects, as well as the attendant activity costs, pose barriers to implementation for local governments. Our results suggest both that: a) additional support and flexibility may be needed for critical activities that improve the experience of buyout participants; and b) reducing other activity costs may produce significant savings, which in turn could be used to improve the quality and expand the scope of buyout projects.
School Ethnic–Racial Socialization and Adolescent Ethnic–Racial Identity
Creators: name: Byrd, Christy M.
name: Legette, Kamilah B.
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2022

description:
OBJECTIVE: Schools are an influential source of information on the meaning of race and culture in society and adolescents' personal lives. Yet, that influence is understudied in the literature on adolescent ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development. Studies of ethnic-racial socialization tend to focus on the family context; the current study measures adolescents' perceptions of ethnic-racial socialization from the school context. METHODS: The sample includes 819 youth aged 12-18 (M = 15.27, SD = 1.58) from 4 ethnic-racial groups. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relations between ethnic-racial socialization and ERI controlling for race, gender, and age. To examine ethnic-racial group membership as a moderator, a multigroup model was used. RESULTS: The findings show that, across ethnic-racial groups, the perceptions of opportunities to learn about one's ethnic-racial background and messages about American values are positively associated with youths' exploration of and commitment to their identities. Furthermore, color-blind socialization messages were associated with lower identity commitment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of the school context in shaping students' ethnic-racial socialization and identity. This study investigated how what adolescents learn about race/ethnicity and culture in school is associated with their ERI. The findings indicate that opportunities to learn about one's culture are related to more identity exploration and greater sense of the importance of group membership. Furthermore, opportunities to learn about other cultures promote positive attitudes toward people of different races/ethnicities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Correction to: For Whom Do Meditation Interventions Improve Mental Health Symptoms? Looking at the Roles of Psychological and Biological Resources over Time
Creators: name: Van Cappellen, Patty
name: Fredrickson, Barbara L.
name: Barczak-Scarboro, Nikki E.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Correction to "For Whom Do Meditation Interventions Improve Mental Health Symptoms? Looking at the Roles of Psychological and Biological Resources over Time"
Modeling insights into SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract infections prior to immune protection
Creators: name: Chen, Alexander
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Daftari, Katherine
name: Freeman, Ronit
name: Hinton, Kameryn
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Pickles, Raymond
name: Wessler, Timothy
name: Lai, Samuel K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
Mechanistic insights into human respiratory tract (RT) infections from SARS-CoV-2 can inform public awareness as well as guide medical prevention and treatment for COVID-19 disease. Yet the complexity of the RT and the inability to access diverse regions pose fundamental roadblocks to evaluation of potential mechanisms for the onset and progression of infection (and transmission). We present a model that incorporates detailed RT anatomy and physiology, including airway geometry, physical dimensions, thicknesses of airway surface liquids (ASLs), and mucus layer transport by cilia. The model further incorporates SARS-CoV-2 diffusivity in ASLs and best-known data for epithelial cell infection probabilities, and, once infected, duration of eclipse and replication phases, and replication rate of infectious virions. We apply this baseline model in the absence of immune protection to explore immediate, short-term outcomes from novel SARS-CoV-2 depositions onto the air-ASL interface. For each RT location, we compute probability to clear versus infect; per infected cell, we compute dynamics of viral load and cell infection. Results reveal that nasal infections are highly likely within 1-2 days from minimal exposure, and alveolar pneumonia occurs only if infectious virions are deposited directly into alveolar ducts and sacs, not via retrograde propagation to the deep lung. Furthermore, to infect just 1% of the 140 m2 of alveolar surface area within 1 week, either 103 boluses each with 106 infectious virions or 106 aerosols with one infectious virion, all physically separated, must be directly deposited. These results strongly suggest that COVID-19 disease occurs in stages: a nasal/upper RT infection, followed by self-transmission of infection to the deep lung. Two mechanisms of self-transmission are persistent aspiration of infected nasal boluses that drain to the deep lung and repeated rupture of nasal aerosols from infected mucosal membranes by speaking, singing, or cheering that are partially inhaled, exhaled, and re-inhaled, to the deep lung.
Additional file 1 of Assessment of the appropriateness of cardiovascular preventive medication in older people: using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Creators: name: van der Ploeg, Milly A.
name: Poortvliet, Rosalinde K. E.
name: Achterberg, Wilco P.
name: Mooijaart, Simon P.
name: Gussekloo, Jacobijn
name: Drewes, Yvonne M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Full search strategy and references for the information package. This file includes the elements of the literature search strategy that was performed to provide the panelist with an overview of the latest relevant literature, and the resulting list of references that were included in the information package.
Managerial Practice and Diversity Climate: The Roles of Workplace Voice, Centralization, and Teamwork
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhongnan
name: Borry, Erin L.
name: DeHart‐Davis, Leisha
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022

description:
Diversity climate—shared employee perceptions of the extent to which an organization is inclusive and fair—is of increasing interest to public administration scholars . While research has linked diversity climate to a range of employee and organizational outcomes , less is known about how common managerial practices affect diversity climate . This article addresses this gap by examining three such practices: workplace voice , centralized decision‐making , and teamwork . Each is theoretically expected to act upon both the inclusion and fairness dimensions of diversity climate . We test these expectations using regression analysis of departmental‐level data collected through surveys of four North Carolina public organizations . The results suggest that workplace voice and teamwork enhance diversity climate , while centralized decision‐making diminishes it in workplaces with mostly white employees . Practically speaking , the results imply that common management techniques that benefit public organizations also foster positive diversity climates . Evidence for Practice Employee perceptions of the extent to which an organization is fair and inclusive, known as diversity climate, have been linked to a range of important organizational outcomes. Common managerial practices that produce organizational benefits also appear to strengthen diversity climate, specifically workplace voice, decentralized decision‐making, and teamwork. Public managers wishing to improve diversity climate should consider giving employees meaningful voice in workplace decisions, pushing decisions downward, and fostering teamwork.
Additional file 2 of Assessment of the appropriateness of cardiovascular preventive medication in older people: using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Creators: name: van der Ploeg, Milly A.
name: Poortvliet, Rosalinde K. E.
name: Achterberg, Wilco P.
name: Mooijaart, Simon P.
name: Gussekloo, Jacobijn
name: Drewes, Yvonne M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Construction of the rating sheets: detailed information. This file includes a detailed description of how the rating sheets were constructed, and an example of a rating sheet.
Publication Productivity and Bibliometric Profiling—A Potentially Gender-Biased Approach
Creators: name: Bernstein, Adrien N.
name: Filippou, Pauline
name: Smith, Angela B.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association (AMA)
Year: 2022

description:
To the Editor It was with great interest that we read the article by Holtestaul et al on publication productivity among graduating general surgery chief residents. The study investigated factors associated with research productivity among general surgery residents graduating in 2020 and found no difference in the number of publications on the basis of gender. While the topic is clearly important, we wanted to highlight some considerations regarding the study methodology that may have resulted in systematic underreporting of publications by female trainees.
Exploring Organizational Behavior and Workplace Diversity in Healthcare
Creators: name: Sabie-Aridi, Amalisha S.
name: Burrell, Darrell Norman
name: Richardson, Kevin
Publisher: name: IGI Global
Year: 2022

description:
Overlook hospital is facing major impacts that include (1) the minority nursing workforce is 4 percent, while the minority patient representation is 39%, (2) the hospital supply chain does not have one minority vendor, (3) 85 percent of minority nurses are dissatisfied with the work culture and job advancement opportunities, and (4) the hospital does not have a diversity and inclusion strategy. The hospital has experienced a series of community protests against the lack of diversity and discrimination at the hospital. The focus of is study is an exploration of diversity and inclusion in a hospital setting. An action research approach used included fact-finding interviews, barrier analysis, company policy assessments, content analysis of the problem in the literature, and recommendations based on the amalgamation of the triangulated data.
Practicing Anti-Racism as Inclusion: Start in Early Childhood!
Creators: name: O’Grady, Courtney
name: Vinh, Megan
name: Shapland, Dorothy
name: Shaffer, LaShorage
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2022

description:
The mission of the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) is to promote policies and advance evidence-based practices that support families and enhance the optimal development of young children (0-8) who have or are at risk for developmental delays and disabilities. DEC is an international membership organization for those who work with or on behalf of young children (0-8) with disabilities and other special needs and their families. The Division for Early Childhood, as individuals and as a system, recognizes we must acknowledge and address the explicit and/or implicit bias that disproportionately impacts the trajectory of children of color and their families. We seek to support and advocate for increasing the diversity of leadership across the early intervention and early childhood special education workforce, intentionally working with families as partners; and actively acknowledging when and how bias impacts our systems, children, and families. We seek to reduce bias to achieve inclusion, equity, and social justice across services and settings.
Rapid review of COVID-19 epidemic estimation studies for Iran
Creators: name: Pourmalek, Farshad
name: Rezaei Hemami, Mohsen
name: Janani, Leila
name: Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background To inform researchers about the methodology and results of epidemic estimation studies performed for COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, we aimed to perform a rapid review. Methods We searched for and included published articles, preprint manuscripts and reports that estimated numbers of cumulative or daily deaths or cases of COVID-19 in Iran. We found 131 studies and included 29 of them. Results The included studies provided outputs for a total of 84 study-model/scenario combinations. Sixteen studies used 3–4 compartmental disease models. At the end of month two of the epidemic (2020-04-19), the lowest (and highest) values of predictions were 1,777 (388,951) for cumulative deaths, 20,588 (2,310,161) for cumulative cases, and at the end of month four (2020-06-20), were 3,590 (1,819,392) for cumulative deaths, and 144,305 (4,266,964) for cumulative cases. Highest estimates of cumulative deaths (and cases) for latest date available in 2020 were 418,834 on 2020-12-19 (and 41,475,792 on 2020-12-31). Model estimates predict an ominous course of epidemic progress in Iran. Increase in percent population using masks from the current situation to 95% might prevent 26,790 additional deaths (95% confidence interval 19,925–35,208) by the end of year 2020. Conclusions Meticulousness and degree of details reported for disease modeling and statistical methods used in the included studies varied widely. Greater heterogeneity was observed regarding the results of predicted outcomes. Consideration of minimum and preferred reporting items in epidemic estimation studies might better inform future revisions of the available models and new models to be developed. Not accounting for under-reporting drives the models’ results misleading.
Additional file 3 of Assessment of the appropriateness of cardiovascular preventive medication in older people: using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Creators: name: van der Ploeg, Milly A.
name: Poortvliet, Rosalinde K. E.
name: Achterberg, Wilco P.
name: Mooijaart, Simon P.
name: Gussekloo, Jacobijn
name: Drewes, Yvonne M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Additional considerations mentioned in the discussions. This text file contains additional considerations that were discussed regarding the appropriateness of platelet aggregation inhibitors and cholesterol lowering medication in older adults.
Estimating the summertime tropospheric ozone distribution over North America through assimilation of observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
Creators: name: Parrington, M.
name: Jones, D. B. A.
name: Bowman, K. W.
name: Horowitz, L. W.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
name: Witte, J. C.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2008
Subjects: ozone
assimilation
Tropospheric

description: We assimilate ozone and CO retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for July and August 2006 into the GEOS-Chem and AM2-Chem models. We show that the spatiotemporal sampling of the TES measurements is sufficient to constrain the tropospheric ozone distribution in the models despite their different chemical and transport mechanisms. Assimilation of TES data reduces the mean differences in ozone between the models from almost 8 ppbv to 1.5 ppbv. Differences between the mean model profiles and ozonesonde data over North America are reduced from almost 30% to within 5% for GEOS-Chem, and from 40% to within 10% for AM2-Chem, below 200 hPa. The absolute biases are larger in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS), increasing to 10% and 30% in GEOS-Chem and AM2-Chem, respectively, at 200 hPa. The larger bias in the UT/LS reflects the influence of the spatial sampling of TES, the vertical smoothing of the TES retrievals, and the coarse vertical resolution of the models. The largest discrepancy in ozone between the models is associated with the ozone maximum over the southeastern USA. The assimilation reduces the mean bias between the models from 26 to 16 ppbv in this region. In GEOS-Chem, there is an increase of about 11 ppbv in the upper troposphere, consistent with the increase in ozone obtained by a previous study using GEOS-Chem with an improved estimate of lightning NOx emissions over the USA. Our results show that assimilation of TES observations into models of tropospheric chemistry and transport provides an improved description of free tropospheric ozone.
Flipping the Curve: Patterns of Emotional Communication in Same-Sex Female Couples Before and After Couple Therapy
Creators: name: Pentel, Kimberly Z.
name: Weber, Danielle M.
name: Carrino, Emily A.
name: Wojda-Burlij, Alexandra K.
name: Baucom, Donald H.
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2022

description:
Distressed couples seeking therapy often engage in problematic patterns of communication, including emotional avoidance or rapid escalation of negative emotions. While couple therapy can alter couples’ emotional communication, research to date has largely focused on different-sex, cisgender couples. Because same-sex couples have been understudied in couple therapy treatment research, particularly female, same-sex couples, it is unclear how couple therapy may alter their communication. This investigation examined couples’ vocally expressed emotional arousal within conversations held before and after a novel couple therapy tailored for same-sex, cisgender female couples (Pentel et al., 2021). At pre- and post-therapy, couples (N = 11) completed two recorded interactions. Emotional arousal was assessed using vocal fundamental frequency (f0). Multilevel growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories of f0 across each pre- and post-therapy conversation. Findings indicate significant differences between the pre- and post-therapy f0 trajectories. At pretherapy, couples’ f0 initially increased (indicating higher emotional arousal) but then decreased later in the conversation. At posttherapy, couples initially decreased in f0 and then increased later in the conversation. Taken together, these findings suggest that, before therapy, couples may associate emotion with conflict and quickly minimize emotion after it initially escalates. After therapy, these couples may have learned how to better express and tolerate emotions when resolving conflict; therefore, the elevated arousal later in the conversation may be adaptive. These results point to the continued importance of understanding adaptive communication processes in diverse constellations of couples and how couple therapy facilitates changes.
Effectiveness of Mobile Phone and Web-Based Interventions for Diabetes and Obesity Among African American and Hispanic Adults in the United States: Systematic Review
Creators: name: Enyioha, Chineme
name: Voisin, Christiane
name: Jonas, Daniel
name: Hall, Matthew
Publisher: name: JMIR Publications
Year: 2022

description:
BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) and web-based technological advances allow for new approaches to deliver behavioral interventions for chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. African American and Hispanic adults experience a disproportionate burden of major chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the evidence for mHealth and web-based interventions for diabetes and obesity in African American and Hispanic adults. METHODS: Literature searches of PubMed/Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, Scopus, and Library & Information Science Source were conducted for relevant English-language articles. Articles identified through searches were reviewed by 2 investigators and, if they met the inclusion criteria, were extracted and assessed for risk of bias. Findings were summarized in tabular and narrative format. The overall strength of the evidence was assessed as high, moderate, low, or insufficient on the basis of risk of bias, consistency of findings, directness, precision, and other limitations. RESULTS: Searches yielded 2358 electronic publications, 196 reports were found to be eligible for inclusion, and 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. All 7 included studies were randomized control trials. Five studies evaluated the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention for weight loss, including one that evaluated the effectiveness for diabetes and two studies focused on diabetes. Of all the studies that focused on weight loss, 3 reported significant differences in weight loss in participants in the intervention group compared with those in the usual care group. Although all studies on diabetes control showed greater improvement in glycemic control for the intervention group compared to that in the control group, only one study showed a significant difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis indicates that there are few published studies that assessed mHealth interventions among minority populations and focused on weight or diabetes. Although the overall strength of evidence was low for diabetes control, it was moderate for weight loss, and our findings suggest that mHealth and web-based interventions may provide a promising approach for interventions among African American and Hispanic adults who have obesity or diabetes.
Additional file 4 of Assessment of the appropriateness of cardiovascular preventive medication in older people: using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Creators: name: van der Ploeg, Milly A.
name: Poortvliet, Rosalinde K. E.
name: Achterberg, Wilco P.
name: Mooijaart, Simon P.
name: Gussekloo, Jacobijn
name: Drewes, Yvonne M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Appropriateness scores of starting and stopping cardiovascular preventive medication. This file includes twelve tables (3.1–3.12) that display the appropriateness scores (panel medians) of rating round 2.
Racially Motivated Police Brutality Is a Community Public Health Issue in the United States
Creators: name: Burrell, Darrell Norman
name: Burton, Sharon L.
name: McGrath, Grace E.
Publisher: name: IGI Global
Year: 2022

description:
Ongoing global protests against police violence and racism were heightened in 2020 after the deaths of Breana Taylor and George Floyd, whose deaths made headlines worldwide and raised awareness of the Black Lives Matter movement, which targets structural racism and violence against Black people in the USA and abroad. There are many documented links between policing and health-related outcomes, including but not limited to fatal injuries that increase population-specific mortality rates, adverse physiological responses that increase morbidity, psychological stress, arrests, incarcerations, and legal, medical, and funeral bills that cause socioeconomic deprivation, poor school performance, incomplete high-school education and not entering higher education, and the intersecting oppressive structures that result in systematic disempowerment and the destruction of civil liberties. This paper makes the case for classifying and exploring police brutality as a public health issue.
A novel high-throughput polarisation insensitive spectrometer for separation of closely-spaced fluorescence spectra
Creators: name: Kho, Kiang Wei
name: Harris, Martin
name: Rosman, Gavan
name: Mazzolini, Alexander
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A novel polarisation insensitive beamsplitter is presented, for use in a low-cost, high-throughput, prismbased spectrometer. This allows polarisation measurements to be carried out with minimum optical losses. In addition, a novel method for double-labelling fluorescence experiments is also presented.
Biological Age Mediates the Effects of Perceived Neighborhood Problems on Heart Failure Risk Among Black Persons
Creators: name: Xiao, Qian
name: Bey, Ganga
name: Palta, Priya
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Love, Shelly-Ann
name: Zannas, Anthony
name: Pike, James
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Objective We assessed whether biological age, measured by the epigenetic clock GrimAge, mediates the association of objective and subjective neighborhood disadvantage with incident HF among Black persons. Methods Participants were 1448 self-reported Black adults (mean age (standard deviation, SD) = 64.3 (5.5)) dually enrolled in two community-based cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi, the ARIC and JHS cohorts, who were free of HF as of January 1, 2000. Incident HF events leading to hospitalization through December 31, 2017, were classified using ICD-9 discharge codes of HF. Multilevel age- and sex-adjusted Cox causal mediation models were used to examine whether biological age (at the person and neighborhood level) mediated the effects of objective (the National Area Deprivation Index, ADI) and subjective (perceived neighborhood problems) neighborhood disadvantage on incident HF. Results A total of 334 incident hospitalized HF events occurred over a median follow-up of 18.0 years. The total effect of the ADI and perceived neighborhood problems (SD units) on HF was hazard ration (HR) = 1.26 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.56 and HR = 1.26 and 95% CI 1.10–1.41, respectively. GrimAge mediated a majority of the effect of perceived neighborhood problems on HF (person-level indirect effect HR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12 and neighborhood-level indirect effect HR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.34), with the combined indirect effect explaining 94.8% of the relationship. The combined indirect effect of ADI on incident HF was comparable but not statistically significant. Conclusions Subjective neighborhood disadvantage may confer an increased risk of HF among Black populations.