cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linking farm diversification to household diet diversification: Evidence from a sample of Kenyan ultra-poor farmers
Creators: name: Demeke, Mulat
name: Meerman, Janice
name: Scognamillo, Antonio
name: Romeo, Alessandro
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Demeke, Mulat
name: Meerman, Janice
name: Scognamillo, Antonio
name: Romeo, Alessandro
name: Asfaw, Solomon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Consumer/Household Economics
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper provides new empirical evidence on the nexus between farm production diversification and household diet diversity in East Africa. Starting with a conceptual framework for the pathways from agriculture to nutrition, we use data collected from a sample of ultra-poor, labor constrained families living in five rural districts of Kenya. We find production diversification to be positively and significantly associated with household diet diversification, with poultry ownership most strongly correlated. These findings suggest that supporting investments in diversified livelihood systems in general and in small livestock assets such as poultry in particular are viable intervention classes to improve household food security and nutrition for very poor, marginalized smallholders.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6852e.pdf
What are Melbournian’s perceptions of urban spaces with Islamic thoughts - from public to private?
Creators: name: Shahani, Fatemeh
name: Rudner, Julie
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: Melbourne is a modern secular society with a high population of migrants, where a range of approaches exists in making urban public spaces. Yet, distinctive structures, design elements and dedicated areas representing the ethno-religious diversity that characterises the city are less common and even scarce in public spaces and across the landscape, especially for non-Christian religions. Material representation in urban spaces is important for facilitating and nurturing a sense of place and belonging for cultural and religious minorities (Mansouri, Lobo & Johns 2016). However, the presence of religion in the urban environment can also be discomforting, as public discourses about Islam indicate. Therefore, this paper investigates responses to religious expression in public spaces, with a specific focus on Islam. It asks, ‘what are Muslims’, non-Muslims’ and planners’ perceptions and experiences of religious features, and their level of acceptance for using Islamic design principles in three sites in Melbourne? Each site represents a different aspect of Islamic expression in the urban fabric: a mosque (semi-private spiritual), an Islamic museum (semi-public educational) and a mall (commercial public). The results show that using Islamic design principles in urban spaces is ‘conditional’, suggesting religious expression in the built form is acceptable when it is tightly controlled, does not contest people’s notions of secularism, focuses on cultural rather than religious plurality, and does not appear to dominate the surrounding area.
Εξωσώματα στην πολλαπλή σκλήρυνση
Creators: name: Αλεξανδρίδου, Μάρθα Λεωνίδα
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Εξωσώματα και πολλαπλή σκλήρυνση
Ανοσολογία πολλαπλής σλήρυνσης
Βιογένεση εξωσωμάτων
Exosomes and multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis immunology
Exosomes’ biogenesis

description: Η πολλαπλή σκλήρυνση είναι μια φλεγμονώδης απομυελινωτική νόσος του ΚΝΣ. Αποτελεί μία από τις συνηθέστερες νευρολογικές αιτίες αναπηρίας σε νεαρούς ενήλικες. Τα εξωσώματα είναι εξωκυττάρια κυστίδια, που δημιουργούνται στο κυτταρόπλασμα των κυττάρων και απελευθερώνονται σε όλα τα βιολογικά υγρά. Περιέχουν DNA, RNA και πρωτεΐνες και διαδραματίζουν εξέχοντα ρόλο στη φυσιολογική λειτουργία του ΚΝΣ, αλλά και στην παθογένεια της πολλαπλής σκλήρυνσης, συμμετέχοντας τόσο σε προστατευτικούς όσο και σε καταστροφικούς μηχανισμούς. Η διερεύνηση της ανοσολογικής βάσης της νόσου, αλλά και η πρόοδος στον τομέα της τεχνολογίας με τη μηχανική κατασκευή εξωσωμάτων έδωσε νέα ώθηση και ενέπνευσε τους ερευνητές σε μια προσπάθεια εύρεσης νέων καινοτόμων μεθόδων πέραν από τις ήδη υπάρχουσες για τη διάγνωση, την παρακολούθηση αλλά και τη θεραπεία. Η δυνητική χρησιμοποίηση των εξωσωμάτων ως βιοδεικτών για την παρακολούθηση της πορείας της νόσου, με microRNA υπογραφές εξωσωμάτων που αντιστοιχούν σε συγκεκριμένους τύπους της πολλαπλής σκλήρυνσης, αλλά και η χρήση τους για στοχευμένες και εξατομικευμένες θεραπείες με στόχο τη σταθεροποίηση της νόσου αλλά και την αναστροφή των βλαβών είναι μερικές εφαρμογές που επιφυλάσσει το μέλλον.
description: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. It is one of the most common neurological causes of disability in young adults. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, created into the cytoplasm and are liberated in every biological fluid. They contain DNA, RNA and proteins and they have a conspicuous role in the CNS, concerning not only its normal function, but also in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, participating in both protective and destructive mechanisms. Moreover, research into the MS immunology basis and the field development of exosomes engineering, provided a boost that inspired researchers in the effort of developing novel technics far from the already existing ones for the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment approach. Potential use of biomarkers for disease surveillance, exosome’s microRNA signatures that corelates with specific types of multiple sclerosis, targeted and tailored treatment with exosome use for immunoregulation and lesion inversion are few applications that future has to offer.
description: Σε συνεργασία με: Ιατρικής (Δημοκρίτειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θράκης)
Subsidized Avian Island Biogeography - Supplementary Material from Marine subsidies mediate patterns in avian island biogeography
Creators: name: Obrist, Debora S.
name: Hanly, Patrick J.
name: Kennedy, Jeremiah C.
name: Fitzpatrick, Owen T.
name: Wickham, Sara B.
name: Ernst, Christopher M.
name: Nijland, Wiebe
name: Reshitnyk, Luba Y.
name: Darimont, Chris T.
name: Starzomski, Brian M.
name: Reynolds, John D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains a bird species list, more detailed information on the island selection procedure, the technique we used for estimating isolation, and AICc tables. It also includes a figure from an analysis where we tried to determine whether the patterns we observed were driven by insectivores or other bird guilds.
Diversification under climate variability as part of a CSA strategy in rural Zambia
Creators: name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Alfani, Federica
name: Kokwe, Misael
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Alfani, Federica
name: Kokwe, Misael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper aims at presenting empirical evidence from Zambia to better understand the linkages between climatic shocks, livelihood diversification and welfare outcomes with the goal of highlighting potential policy entry points to incentivize the types of diversification aimed at improving food security and resilience to climate shocks. We also investigate the role of different institutions in shaping diversification decisions to shed some light into potential policy levers at institutional level.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6277e.pdf
Το φαινόμενο της υποτροπής στο στάδιο της επανένταξης: η περίπτωση του ανοιχτού προγράμματος ΚΕΘΕΑ ΔΙΑΒΑΣΗ
Creators: name: Βέργη, Συμέλα Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ναρκωτικά
Πρόληψη υποτροπής
Κοινωνική επανένταξη
Drugs
Relapse prevention
Reintegration

description: Ελληνική Περίληψη Το φαινόμενο της υποτροπής είναι ένα βασικό χαρακτηριστικό του εθισμού από τα ναρκωτικά και παραμένει το πρωταρχικό πρόβλημα στην αντιμετώπιση της εξάρτησης από τις ναρκωτικές ουσίες. Η κατανόηση των παραγόντων που καθορίζουν την ανάγκη του ατόμου για την αναζήτηση και την παρόρμηση για χρήση ψυχοδραστικών ουσιών αποτελεί απαραίτητο εργαλείο για την επιτυχή έκβαση της θεραπείας της απεξάρτησης. Η υποτροπή αποτελεί μία πολύπλοκη διαδικασία που πρέπει να εξετάζεται στη δυναμική της, κάτι που επιχειρείται στην εν λόγω εργασία, μέσω της ποιοτικής έρευνας, και συγκεκριμένα της θεματικής ανάλυσης. Ειδικότερα, γίνεται ανάλυση των βιογραφιών δέκα συμμετεχόντων, με τίτλο «Αναθέσεις Υποτροπής» που αντλήθηκαν από το αρχειακό υλικό του ανοιχτού προγράμματος απεξάρτησης ΚΕΘΕΑ ΔΙΑΒΑΣΗ. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι η μελέτη των αιτιών της υποτροπής στο στάδιο της κοινωνικής επανένταξης, έτσι όπως τα εξιστορούνται οι ίδιοι οι θεραπευόμενοι. Τα θέματα που προέκυψαν από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων είναι τέσσερα: α) η υποτίμηση, β) η μη συμμόρφωση στη θεραπεία, γ) τα αρνητικά ατομικά χαρακτηριστικά και δ) οι δυσλειτουργικές σχέσεις. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας μελέτης έχουν ως στόχο την ενίσχυση της κατανόησης των παραγόντων που ενδέχεται να οδηγήσουν στην υποτροπή τους θεραπευομένους που βρίσκονται στο στάδιο της κοινωνικής επανένταξης.
description: The phenomenon of relapse is a key feature of drug addiction and remains the primary problem in tackling drug addiction. Understanding the factors that determine an individual's need to seek and the urge to use psychoactive substances is an essential tool for the successful outcome of addiction treatment. Relapse is a complex process that must be considered in its dynamics, something that is attempted in this study, through qualitative research, and in particular thematic analysis. In particular, the biographies of ten participants that are analyzed, bear the title "Relapse Assignments" and have been extracted from the archive material of the non residential program KETHEA DIAVASI. The purpose of the research is to study the causes of relapse in the stage of social reintegration, as narrated by the patients themselves. The issues arising from the data analysis are four; a) underestimation, b) non-compliance with treatment, c) negative individual characteristics and d) dysfunctional relationships. The findings of the present study aim to enhance the understanding of the factors that may lead to relapse in patients who are in the stage of social reintegration.
description: Σε συνεργασία με: Πανεπιστήμιο Λευκωσίας (Κύπρος)
The Global Agriculture Perspectives System (GAPS) Version 1.0
Creators: name: Kavallari, Aikaterini
name: Conforti, Piero
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Kavallari, Aikaterini
name: Conforti, Piero
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Productivity Analysis

description: This document provides a full description of FAO's partial equilibrium modelling system known as GAPS. GAPS has been developed by FAO to study the development of global food markets in the long-term and to assess how socioeconomic fluctuations, climate change and investment pay-offs may affect future global food demand.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6112e.pdf
Supporting Information from Direct and indirect effects of noise pollution alter biological communities in and near noise-exposed environments
Creators: name: Senzaki, Masayuki
name: Kadoya, Taku
name: Francis, Clinton D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file includes additional information (e.g., tables) of the results.
Can smallholders double their productivity and incomes by 2030?
Creators: name: Mikecz, Orsolya
name: Vos, Rob
name: Mikecz, Orsolya
name: Vos, Rob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper assesses past trends in agricultural land and labour productivity, as a test whether it is feasible to meet the SDG target 2.3, namely doubling productivity and incomes of smallholders within a 15-year time span, if history were to serve as a guide. The target implies agricultural productivity would need to increase by 4.6% per year on average during 2015-2030. Available country-level data on land productivity (1961-2012) and labour productivity (1980-2012) for 140 countries shows that past trends fall well short of the desired pace of productivity growth. No consistent long-term time series are available to assess productivity growth by size of land holding. As a proxy, we group the countries by the ratio of total agricultural land and number of workers in agriculture. We find that in countries with lower average farm size average productivity growth has been higher, but still falls short of the target pace.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5959e.pdf
Grain Boundary Scars and Spherical Crystallography
Creators: name: Bausch, A. R.
name: Bowick, M. J.
name: Cacciuto, A.
name: Dinsmore, A. D.
name: Hsu, M. F.
name: Nelson, D. R.
name: Nikolaides, M. G.
name: Travesset, A.
name: Weitz, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe experimental investigations of the structure of two-dimensional spherical crystals. The crystals, formed by beads self-assembled on water droplets in oil, serve as model systems for exploring very general theories about the minimum energy configurations of particles with arbitrary repulsive interactions on curved surfaces. Above a critical system size we find that crystals develop distinctive high-angle grain boundaries, or scars, not found in planar crystals. The number of excess defects in a scar is shown to grow linearly with the dimensionless system size. The observed slope is expected to be universal, independent of the microscopic potential.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figs (high quality images available from Mark Bowick)
Welfare impacts of climate shocks: evidence from Tanzania
Creators: name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Belotti, Federico
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Karfakis, Panagiotis
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Belotti, Federico
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Karfakis, Panagiotis
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Financial Economics
Food Security and Poverty

description: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the world's most food-insecure region characterized by high levels of child mortality and poverty and low levels of human and physical capital (FAO, 2009). Countries in SSA, including Tanzania, heavily depend on a smallholder-based agricultural sector, which makes their welfare and food security particularly vulnerable to climate change (Barrios et al., 2008). The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of weather risk on rural households' welfare in Tanzania using nationally representative household panel data together with a set of novel weather variation indicators based on interpolated gridded and re-analysis weather data that capture the peculiar features of short term and long term variations in rainfall and temperature. In particular, we estimate the impact of weather shocks on a rich set of welfare indicators (including total income, total expenditure, food expenditure and its share in total expenditure and calorie intake) and investigate whether and how they vary by different definitions of shocks - capturing changes in levels and variations over different time periods. We find that both rainfall and maximum temperature variability exert a negative impact on welfare (i.e. no consumption smoothing) and that households that have adopted SLM practices are able to achieve income-smoothing. We also find that the most vulnerable rural households are much more affected by a rainfall deficit compared to the households in the top income quantile. Results underline the key role extension services play in enhancing adaptive capacity to reduce vulnerability to adverse weather conditions, as well as the importance of targeting the most vulnerable households in policy interventions to improve food security in the face of weather shocks.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6000e.pdf
Supplementary material for [Anton Musickhin, Andrey Yu. Zubarev Maxim Raboisson-Michel, Gregory Verger-Dubois and Pavel Kuzhir3], [2019], [Field-induced circulation flow in magnetic fluids], Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. doi: 10.1098/rsta
Creators: name: Musickhin, Anton
name: Zubarev, Andrey Yu
name: Raboisson-Michel, Maxim
name: Verger-Dubois, Gregory
name: Kuzhir, Pavel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: We present results of theoretical study of circulation flow in ferrofluids under the action of an alternating inhomogeneous magnetic field. The results show that the field with the amplitude about 17 kA m−1 and angular frequency 10 s−1 can induce the mesoscopic flow with the velocity amplitude about 0.5 mm s−1. This mechanism can be used for intensification of drag delivery in blood vessels.This article is part of the xxx issue ‘Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
title: ICDP DOVE Project: Investigating the erosion and infilling of overdeepened Alpine valleys by combining scientific drilling with geophysical exploration
Creators: name: Schaller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 550 Earth sciences & geology

description: The DOVE (Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys) project studies the evolution of the pan-Alpine landscape during the numerous Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations. Since glaciers often erode older records, sedimentary infills of overdeepened valleys, which are protected from subsequent glacial erosion, offer unique archives for reconstructing past glaciation, paleoclimate, and landscape evolution. Supported by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), sediment cores and geophysical data from several glacially overdeepened troughs in the Northern Alpine foreland were recovered to study these processes.
Geologically, the thesis focuses on DOVE site 5068_2, where a 250-meter-thick succession of unconsolidated Quaternary sediments was recovered from the Basadingen Trough (NE Switzerland), a glacial overdeepening located in the western part of the former Rhine Glacier lobe. In the first part, the thesis focuses on reconstructing the formation history of the Basadingen Trough. Sedimentological analysis, high-resolution reflection seismic data, seismic facies analysis, and core-to-seismic correlation were combined to establish a glacioseismic sequence stratigraphy. The valley fill was grouped into three overdeepened glacial sequences (S1–S3). These sequences reflect three separate pulses of glacial advance and retreat. A local geological 3D model was created to visualize the spatial features of these sequences. This approach overcame perspective limitations and aided in developing a local glaciation model for the Basadingen Trough.
The second focus of this thesis is the development of new approaches for the data-based and systematic investigation of glacially overdeepened valleys, adapting methods from the exploration industry. The thesis tests the potential of combining core drilling, borehole measurements, and geophysical data with advanced data analysis to improve the comparability between the different DOVE sites. Therefore, the established glacio-seismic sequence stratigraphy was developed into a more generic and adaptive model that can be applied to similar settings in formerly glaciated areas. Further, a newly developed workflow combines core drilling and borehole measurements to predict the lithology of the drilled sediments. The petrophysical and chemical borehole data-based lithoprediction was validated against core data and successfully extrapolated to a nearby borehole lacking a core, simulating an artificial core.
This study demonstrates the potential of integrating geological and geophysical datasets for systematic, data-driven investigations of glacially overdeepened valleys. The methods provide a foundation for future research in formerly glaciated landscapes, enhancing our understanding of glaciation dynamics, paleoclimate evolution, and sedimentary processes.
Sequences of three dimensional manifolds with positive scalar curvature
Creators: name: Basilio, J.
name: Sormani, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop two new methods of constructing sequences of manifolds with positive scalar curvature that converge in the Gromov-Hausdorff and Intrinsic Flat sense to limit spaces with "pulled regions". The examples created rigorously within using these methods were announced by us a few years ago and have influenced the statements of some of Gromov's conjectures concerning sequences of manifolds with positive scalar curvature. Both methods extend the notion of "sewing along a curve" developed in prior work of the authors with Dodziuk to create limits that are pulled string spaces. The first method allows us to sew any compact set in a fixed initial manifold to create a limit space in which that compact set has been scrunched to a single point. The second method allows us to edit a sequence of regions or curves in a sequence of distinct manifolds.
description: 27 pages , 6 figures
Enabling Symmetric Collaboration in Public Spaces through 3D Mobile Interaction
Creators: name: Machuca, Mayra
name: Chinthammit, Winyu
name: Huang, Weidong
name: Wasinger, Rainer
name: Duh, Been-Lirn
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 4608
subject: Human-centred computing

description: Collaboration has been common in workplaces in various engineering settings and in our daily activities. However, how to effectively engage collaborators with collaborative tasks has long been an issue due to various situational and technical constraints. The research in this paper addresses the issue in a specific scenario, which is how to enable users to interact with public information from their own perspective. We describe a 3D mobile interaction technique that allows users to collaborate with other people by creating a symmetric and collaborative ambience. This in turn can increase their engagement with public displays. In order to better understand the benefits and limitations of this technique, we conducted a usability study with a total of 40 participants. The results indicate that the 3D mobile interaction technique promotes collaboration between users and also improves their engagement with the public displays.
Joint Galaxy-Lensing Observables and the Dark Energy
Creators: name: Hu, Wayne
name: Jain, Bhuvnesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep multi-color galaxy surveys with photometric redshifts will provide a large number of two-point correlation observables: galaxy-galaxy angular correlations, galaxy-shear cross correlations, and shear-shear correlations between all redshifts. These observables can potentially enable a joint determination of the dark energy dependent evolution of the dark matter and distances as well as the relationship between galaxies and dark matter halos. With recent CMB determinations of the initial power spectrum, a measurement of the mass clustering at even a_single_ redshift will constrain a well-specified combination of dark energy parameters in a flat universe; we provide convenient fitting formulae for such studies. The combination of galaxy-shear and galaxy-galaxy correlations can determine this amplitude at_multiple_ redshifts. We illustrate this ability in a description of the galaxy clustering with 5 free functions of redshift which can be fitted from the data. The galaxy modeling is based on a mapping onto halos of the same abundance that models a flux-limited selection. In this context, a 4000 deg2 galaxy-lensing survey can achieve a_statistical_ precision of sigma(Omega_DE)=0.005 for the dark energy density, sigma(w_DE)=0.02 and sigma(w_a)=0.17 for its equation of state and evolution, evaluated at dark energy matter equality z~0.4, as well as constraints on the 5 halo functions out to z=1. More importantly, a joint analysis can make dark energy constraints robust against systematic errors in the shear-shear correlation and halo modeling.
description: 16 pg., 11 figures changes reflect published version + Mstar typo corrected
Aesthetic Assessment of Drinking Water at UBC: A Comparison of Waterfillz and Tap Water
Creators: name: Bailey, Sam
name: Robinson, Shona
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: At UBC campus, there are two options for public access to drinking water: taps on the municipal water supply, and re-treated municipal tap water from designated dispensing machines. The machines, called Waterfillz stations, were designed to further filter, disinfect and chill drinking water. A foreseeable advantage to Waterfillz over tap water could be the aesthetic quality of the product. To determine whether Waterfillz or tap water is aesthetically superior, four aesthetic parameters were measured: temperature, total chlorine, heterotrophic plate count, and total organic carbon. Temperature and chlorine are commonly cited aesthetic factors, while heterotrophic plate count and total organic carbon have potential aesthetic implications. It was found that the temperature and heterotrophic plate count of the water increase from tap to Waterfillz, while chlorine and total organic carbon content decrease. As individual aesthetic preferences differ, these observations may be used to inform consumer decisions. As a secondary objective, the quality parameters were considered with respect to the extent of use for each station. Significant effects with use were observed for heterotrophic plate count, and total organic carbon: both observed effects were less pronounced for machines in heavier use.
Thermalization and Possible Signatures of Quantum Chaos in Complex Crystalline Materials
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiecheng
name: Kountz, Erik D.
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Kapitulnik, Aharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyses of thermal diffusivity data on complex insulators and on strongly correlated electron systems hosted in similar complex crystal structures suggest that quantum chaos is a good description for thermalization processes in these systems, particularly in the high temperature regime where the many phonon bands and their interactions dominate the thermal transport. Here we observe that for these systems diffusive thermal transport is controlled by a universal Planckian time scale $τ\sim \hbar/k_BT$, and a unique velocity $v_E$. Specifically, $v_E \approx v_{ph} $ for complex insulators, and $v_{ph} \lesssim v_E \ll v_{F}$ in the presence of strongly correlated itinerant electrons ($v_{ph}$ and $v_F$ are the phonons and electrons velocities respectively). For the complex correlated electron systems we further show that charge diffusivity, while also reaching the Planckian relaxation bound, is largely dominated by the Fermi velocity of the electrons, hence suggesting that it is only the thermal (energy) diffusivity that describes chaos diffusivity.
Supplementary Material from Linking regional shifts in microbial genome adaptation with surface ocean biogeochemistry
Creators: name: Garcia, Catherine A.
name: Hagstrom, George I.
name: Larkin, Alyse A.
name: Ustick, Lucas J.
name: Levin, Simon A.
name: Lomas, Michael W.
name: Martiny, Adam C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Additional figures and tables.
Smallholder productivity under climatic variability: Adoption and impact of widely promoted agricultural practices in Tanzania
Creators: name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Belotti, Federico
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Belotti, Federico
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agribusiness

description: Food security in Tanzania is projected to deteriorate as a result of climate change. In spite of the Government's efforts to promote agricultural practices that improve productivity and food security, adoption rates of such practices remain low. Developing a thorough understanding of the determinants of adoption and updating our understanding of the impacts of these technologies under the site-specific effects of climate change are crucial to improve adoption. This paper addresses these issues by using a novel data set that combines information from two largescale household surveys with geo-referenced historical rainfall and temperature data in order to understand the determinants of the adoption of sustainable and productivity improving practices and their impacts on maize productivity in Tanzania. The specific practices analyzed are: maize-legume intercropping, soil and water conservation practices, the use of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and high yielding maize varieties. We find that farmers located in areas where the cropping season's rainfall has been highly variable have 15 percent lower maize yields. Similarly, farmers located in areas where maximum temperatures during the growing season exceed 30 degrees Celsius have approximately 25 percent lower yields. Both rainfall variability and hotter temperatures are expected to increase under climate change, underlining the importance of policies to buffer food security from the estimated effects of climate change. Our analysis identifies policy entry points both to improve maize productivity and the adoption of practices to do so through careful empirical analysis. This paper contributes to evidence base to support policies for climate smart agriculture and underlines the importance of integrating site-specific analyses of climatic variables in policy targeting to foster adoption of appropriate practices to improve food security under climate change.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5556e.pdf
Magnetic correlations in polycrystalline $\mathrm{Tb_{0.15}Co_{0.85}}$
Creators: name: Bersweiler, Mathias
name: Bender, Philipp
name: Peral, Inma
name: Eichenberger, Lucas
name: Hehn, Michel
name: Polewczyk, Vincent
name: Mühlbauer, Sebastian
name: Michels, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated a polycrystalline sample of the ferrimagnetic compound $\mathrm{Tb_{0.15}Co_{0.85}}$ by magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The magnetization curve at 300 K is characteristic for soft ferrimagnets but at 5 K the hysteresis indicates the existence of magnetic domains. The magnetic SANS signal suggests that at 300 K the Tb and Co moments are correlated over large volumes within the micrometer-sized grains with correlation lengths > 100 nm. At 5 K, however, the magnetic SANS analysis reveals a reduced correlation length of around 4.5 nm, which indicates the formation of narrow magnetic domains within the ferrimagnet with one dimension being in the nm range. We attribute the observed changes of the domain structure to the temperature-dependence of the magnetic properties of the Tb sublattice.
description: This is the version of the article accepted for publication including all changes made as a result of the peer review process, as submitted to Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab8b95
Diversification strategies and adaptation deficit: Evidence from rural communities in Niger
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Palma, Alessandro
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Palma, Alessandro
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper provides fresh empirical evidence on the adaptation process to face climate changes through the analysis of original cross-sectional data collected at household-level in Niger. In particular, we identify the main drivers and barriers of crop and labour diversification, which constitute two livelihood strategies in mitigating the adaptation deficit. Secondly, the effectiveness of diversification practices is assessed by means of three complementary welfare measures, namely income changes, food security and the poverty gap. We find that, aside from climate shocks, the diversification level varies in response to the educational level of household members and spatial location as well as the adoption of information communication technologies. The impacts of diversification appear differentiated. While labour diversification is always positively associated with all the three welfare measures, positive coefficients of crop diversification are significant only when associated to food security. Robust causal inference confirms that anomalies in rainfall patterns and droughts in particular, induce adaptation responses, which result in welfare gains limited by a richer calorie intake, while the effects on income and severity of poverty appear detrimental.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5533e.pdf
High-field Spatial Imaging of Charge Transport in Silicon at Low Temperature
Creators: name: Stanford, C.
name: Moffatt, R. A.
name: Kurinsky, N. A.
name: Brink, P. L.
name: Cabrera, B.
name: Cherry, M.
name: Insulla, F.
name: Kelsey, M.
name: Ponce, F.
name: Sundqvist, K.
name: Yellin, S.
name: Young, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct imaging measurements of charge transport across a 1 cm x 1 cm x 4 mm-thick crystal of high purity silicon ($\sim$15 k$Ω$-cm) at temperatures of 5 K and 500 mK. We use these data to measure the lateral diffusion of electrons and holes as a function of the electric field applied along the [111] crystal axis, and to verify our low-temperature Monte Carlo software. The range of field strengths in this paper exceed those used in the previous study (DOI: 10.1063/1.5049691) by a factor of 10, and now encompasses the region in which some recent silicon dark matter detectors operate (DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051301). We also report on a phenomenon of surface charge trapping which can reduce expected charge collection.
Noise Correlations in Shear Flows
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Bruno
name: Pandit, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of a shear on velocity fluctuations in a flow. The shear gives rise to a transient amplification that not only influences the amplitude of perturbations but also their time correlations. We show that, in the presence of white noise, time correlations of transversal velocity components are exponential and that correlations of the longitudinal components are exponential with an algebraic prefactor. Cross correlations between transversal and downstream components are strongly asymmetric and provide a clear indication of non-normal amplification. We suggest experimental tests of our predictions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, gzipped tar file
Intrinsic properties of the engine and jet that powered the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817
Creators: name: Lazzati, Davide
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Perna, Rosalba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 170817A was a subluminous short gamma-ray burst detected about 1.74 s after the gravitational wave signal GW170817 from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger. It is now understood as an off-axis event powered by the cocoon of a relativistic jet pointing 15 to 30 degrees away from the direction of observation. The cocoon was energized by the interaction of the incipient jet with the non-relativistic baryon wind from the merger remnant, resulting in a structured outflow with a narrow core and broad wings. In this paper, we couple the observational constraints on the structured outflow with a model for the jet-wind interaction to constrain the intrinsic properties with which the jet was launched by the central engine, including its time delay from the merger event. Using wind prescriptions inspired by magnetized BNS merger simulations, we find that the jet was launched within about 0.4 s from the merger, implying that the 1.74 s observed delay was dominated by the fireball propagation up to the photospheric radius. We also constrain, for the first time for any gamma-ray burst, the jet opening angle at injection and set a lower limit to its asymptotic Lorentz factor. These findings suggest an initially Poynting-flux dominated jet, launched via electromagnetic processes. If the jet was powered by an accreting black hole, they also provide a significant constraint on the survival time of the metastable neutron star remnant.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Optimising the hatching success of artificially incubated eggs for use in a conservation program for the western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii)
Creators: name: Streeting, Louise M
name: Bower, Deborah S
name: Dillon, Martin L
name: Spark, Phil
name: Gough, Michael
name: Skidmore, Adam
name: McDonald, Paul G
name: Delaney, Hannah
name: Burns, Adrienne
name: Watson, Sandy
name: Dissanayake, Duminda SB
name: Georges, Arthur
name: McKnight, Donald
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
classificationCode: 3005
subject: Fisheries sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Artificial incubation of eggs and the release of hatchlings into the wild is a common conservation intervention designed to augment threatened turtle populations. We investigate a range of incubation temperatures to establish an optimal temperature for maximum hatching success of western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii) eggs. We report on the influence of incubation temperature on incubation duration and hatching success and describe two experimental incubation methods which, for the same incubation temperature (27°C), resulted in 77% and 97% hatching success, respectively. Eggs were incubated at constant temperatures (27°C, 28°C and 29°C) to determine the influence of temperature on incubation period, hatchling morphology and external residual yolk. Incubation duration was negatively correlated with incubation temperature. We report on the morphology of eggs and hatchlings and show that their dimensions are positively correlated with maternal adult size and mass. A constant incubation temperature of 27°C produced the highest hatching success and smallest external residual yolk on hatching and is therefore recommended for incubation of eggs for population reinforcement programs. Our study is the first to optimise artificial incubation procedures for M. bellii and will be a valuable resource for M. bellii and other threatened freshwater turtle conservation initiatives.
Appendix A: Supplementary Methods from Evolution of competitive ability for essential resources
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Joey R.
name: Kratina, Pavel
name: Pereira, Aaron Louis
name: Tamminen, Manu
name: Mridul K. Thomas
name: Narwani, Anita
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary Methods
Point-Based Methods for Model Checking in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes
Creators: name: Bouton, Maxime
name: Tumova, Jana
name: Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous systems are often required to operate in partially observable environments. They must reliably execute a specified objective even with incomplete information about the state of the environment. We propose a methodology to synthesize policies that satisfy a linear temporal logic formula in a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). By formulating a planning problem, we show how to use point-based value iteration methods to efficiently approximate the maximum probability of satisfying a desired logical formula and compute the associated belief state policy. We demonstrate that our method scales to large POMDP domains and provides strong bounds on the performance of the resulting policy.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, AAAI 2020
Rural Cooperatives Magazine, May/June 2005
Creators: name: Zuell, Kimberly
name: Turpin, Judy
name: Merlo, Catherine
name: Karg, Pamela J.
name: Campbell, Dan
name: Thompson, Stephen A.
name: Williams, Paul
name: Gray, Thomas W.
name: Keeling, Jennifer J.
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Zuell, Kimberly
name: Turpin, Judy
name: Merlo, Catherine
name: Karg, Pamela J.
name: Campbell, Dan
name: Thompson, Stephen A.
name: Williams, Paul
name: Gray, Thomas W.
name: Keeling, Jennifer J.
name: Carter, Colin A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Features- Innovation a necessity, not a choice, for 21st century co-ops; Going with the Grain; Cream of the CROPP; Local-based, alternative marketing strategy could help save more small farms; A Fresh Advantage; Slice of the market; Who you gonna call?; Trading Places; Soybean extruder opens new doors for Dakota co-op
Additional file 1 of Adolescent alcohol consumption: protocol for a scoping review of screening and assessment tools used in Africa
Creators: name: Briegal, Eleanor
name: Biggane, Alice M.
name: Obasi, Angela I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
Time-resolved photometry and spectroscopy of the new deeply-eclipsing SW Sextantis star HS 0728+6738
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Barwig, H.
name: Hagen, H. -J.
name: Engels, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy and photometry, and far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of HS 0728+6738, a cataclysmic variable discovered in the Hamburg Quasar Survey. We show that the system is a new eclipsing member of the SW Sex class of CVs with an orbital period of 3.21 hours. We derive an orbital inclination of ~85 +- 4 degrees from the average eclipse profile, making HS 0728+6738 the highest inclination SW Sex star known. The optical and far-ultraviolet emission lines are not or only weakly occulted during the eclipse, indicating the presence of line-emission sites either far outside the Roche lobe of the primary or, more likely, above the orbital plane of the binary. The photometric light curves exhibit fast variability with a period of \~7 min, which might be related to the spin of the white dwarf.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
A Tailored Occupational Therapist-Led Vocational Intervention for People With Stroke: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: O'Keefe, Sophie
name: Radford, K
name: Farrin, A
name: Oakman, Jodi
name: Alves-Stein, S
name: Cloud, G
name: Douglas, Jacinta
name: Stanley, M
name: Lannin, Natasha
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Background: Resuming work after stroke is a common goal of working-age adults, yet there are few vocational rehabilitation programs designed to address the unique challenges faced following stroke. The Work intervention was developed to address these gaps. Objective: This paper presents a protocol that outlines the steps that will be undertaken to pilot both the intervention and trial processes for the Work trial. Methods: The Work trial is a 2-arm, prospective, randomized, blinded-assessor study with intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 54 adults of working age who have experienced a stroke <4 months prior will be randomized 1:1 to either (1) an experimental group who will receive a 12-week early vocational intervention (Work intervention) plus usual clinical rehabilitation or (2) a control group who will receive only their usual clinical rehabilitation. Results: Outcomes include study and intervention feasibility and intervention benefit. In addition to evaluating the feasibility of delivering vocational intervention early after stroke, benefit will be assessed by measuring rates of vocational participation and quality-of-life improvements at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Process evaluation using data collected during the study, as well as postintervention individual interviews with participants and surveys with trial therapists, will complement quantitative data. Conclusions: The results of the trial will provide details on the feasibility of delivering the Work intervention embedded within the clinical rehabilitation context and inform future trial processes. Pilot data will enable a future definitive trial to determine the clinical effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation when delivered in the early subacute phase of stroke recovery.
HSC-XD 52: An X-ray detected AGN in a low-mass galaxy at $z\sim0.56$
Creators: name: Halevi, Goni
name: Goulding, Andy
name: Greene, Jenny
name: Coupon, Jean
name: Golob, Anneya
name: Gwyn, Stephen
name: Johnson, Sean D.
name: Moutard, Thibaud
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Suh, Hyewon
name: Toba, Yoshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of low-mass galaxies hosting central black holes provide clues about the formation and evolution of the progenitors of supermassive black holes. In this letter, we present HSC-XD 52, a spectroscopically confirmed low-mass active galactic nucleus (AGN) at an intermediate redshift of $z\sim0.56$. We detect this object as a very luminous X-ray source coincident with a galaxy observed by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) as part of a broader search for low-mass AGN. We constrain its stellar mass through spectral energy distribution modeling to be LMC-like at $M_\star \approx 3 \times 10^9 M_\odot$, placing it in the dwarf regime. We estimate a central black hole mass of $M_\mathrm{BH} \sim 10^{6} M_\odot$. With an average X-ray luminosity of $L_X \approx 3.5 \times 10^{43}~\mathrm{erg}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, HSC-XD 52 is among the most luminous X-ray selected AGN in dwarf galaxies. The spectroscopic and photometric properties of HSC-XD 52 indicate that it is an intermediate redshift counterpart to local low-mass AGN.
description: accepted to ApJL; 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table