cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Retention of Fumigant Components in Shelled Corn in 3,250-Bushel Metal Bins
Creators: name: Storey, Charles L.
name: Quinlan, James K.
name: Davidson, Loren I.
name: Storey, Charles L.
name: Quinlan, James K.
name: Davidson, Loren I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: This is the report of 20 test fumigations conducted in 1961, 1962, and 1963, in a series of tests to determine the behavior and distribution of the various components of mixtures now in common use for fumigating grain in storage. Although these results were not published at that time, they are still valid, and these formulations are widely used by grain handlers. This report evaluates the distribution of an 80:20 mixture of carbon tetrachloride with carbon disulfide and a 75:25 mixture of ethylene dichloride with carbon tetrachloride.
Alexandrium leei Balech
Creators: name: Hernández-Becerril, David U.
name: Pichardo-Velarde, Jorge G.
name: Alonso-Rodríguez, Rosalba
name: Maciel-Baltazar, Ebodio
name: Morquecho, Lourdes
name: Esqueda-Lara, Karina
name: Barón-Campis, Sofía A.
name: Quiroz-González, Nataly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ostreopsidaceae
Alexandrium
Alexandrium leei

description: 3.1.4 Alexandrium leei Balech (Figures 20 and 21)
References: Balech 1995, 35, pl. IV, figs 20–28, pl. V, figs 1–13; Usup et al. 2002, 268, figs 3 A–D; Nguyen and Larsen 2004, 97, pl. 10, figs 1–7; Tang et al. 2007, 545, figs 1 a–I; Gu et al. 2013, 75, figs 3 F–M; Lassus et al. 2016, 47, pl. 6 A–D.
Solitary and relatively large cells with a somewhat ovoid to spherical shape, slightly asymmetric. Epitheca conical convex, slightly shorter than epitheca, with non-prominent apical pore (Figure 20). Wide cingulum and sulcus (Figure 21). Chloroplasts radiating from the center (Figure 20). First apical plate (1′) rhomboidal, fairly wide and elongate, with a small ventral pore (Figure 21), sixth precingular plate (6″) relatively small and pentagonal (Figure 21).
Measurements: 50–58 μm L, 49–55 μm W (Table 1).
Toxicity: this species is considered to be potentially ichthyotoxic (Tang et al. 2007).
Distribution: in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
description: Published as part of Hernández-Becerril, David U., Pichardo-Velarde, Jorge G., Alonso-Rodríguez, Rosalba, Maciel-Baltazar, Ebodio, Morquecho, Lourdes, Esqueda-Lara, Karina, Barón-Campis, Sofía A. & Quiroz-González, Nataly, 2023, Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean, pp. 539-557 in Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) (Warsaw, Poland) 66 (6) on page 544, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0037, http://zenodo.org/record/11000291
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0055r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0055r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0055r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 1 of The trend of caesarean birth rate changes in China after ‘universal two-child policy’ era: a population-based study in 2013–2018
Creators: name: Yan, Jie
name: Wang, Long
name: Yang, Ying
name: Zhang, Ya
name: Zhang, Hongguang
name: He, Yuan
name: Peng, Zuoqi
name: Wang, Yuanyuan
name: Wang, Qiaomei
name: Shen, Haiping
name: Zhang, Yiping
name: Yan, Donghai
name: Ma, Xu
name: Yang, Huixia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 : Table. S1. Association between baseline characteristics and the risk of caesarean birth.
Estimating city-level travel patterns using street imagery: a case study of using Google Street View in Britain
Creators: name: Goel, Rahul
name: Garcia, Leandro M. T.
name: Goodman, Anna
name: Johnson, Rob
name: Aldred, Rachel
name: Murugesan, Manoradhan
name: Brage, Soren
name: Bhalla, Kavi
name: Woodcock, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Street imagery is a promising big data source providing current and historical images in more than 100 countries. Previous studies used this data to audit built environment features. Here we explore a novel application, using Google Street View (GSV) to predict travel patterns at the city level. We sampled 34 cities in Great Britain. In each city, we accessed GSV images from 1000 random locations from years overlapping with the 2011 Census and the 2011-2013 Active People Survey (APS). We manually annotated images into seven categories of road users. We developed regression models with the counts of images of road users as predictors. Outcomes included Census-reported commute shares of four modes (walking plus public transport, cycling, motorcycle, and car), and APS-reported past-month participation in walking and cycling. In bivariate analyses, we found high correlations between GSV counts of cyclists (GSV-cyclists) and cycle commute mode share (r=0.92) and past-month cycling (r=0.90). Likewise, GSV-pedestrians was moderately correlated with past-month walking for transport (r=0.46), GSV-motorcycles was moderately correlated with commute share of motorcycles (r=0.44), and GSV-buses was highly correlated with commute share of walking plus public transport (r=0.81). GSV-car was not correlated with car commute mode share (r=-0.12). However, in multivariable regression models, all mode shares were predicted well. Cross-validation analyses showed good prediction performance for all the outcomes except past-month walking. Street imagery is a promising new big data source to predict urban mobility patterns. Further testing across multiple settings is warranted both for cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments.
description: Paper submitted for peer review. 7 figures. 3 Tables
Sample Complexity of Total Variation Minimization
Creators: name: Daei, Sajad
name: Haddadi, Farzan
name: Amini, Arash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work considers the use of Total variation (TV) minimization in the recovery of a given gradient sparse vector from Gaussian linear measurements. It has been shown in recent studies that there exist a sharp phase transition behavior in TV minimization in asymptotic regimes. The phase transition curve specifies the boundary of success and failure of TV minimization for large number of measurements. It is a challenging task to obtain a theoretical bound that reflects this curve. In this work, we present a novel upper-bound that suitably approximates this curve and is asymptotically sharp. Numerical results show that our bound is closer to the empirical TV phase transition curve than the previously known bound obtained by Kabanava.
CMOS compatible W/CoFeB/MgO spin Hall nano-oscillators with wide frequency tunability
Creators: name: Zahedinejad, M.
name: Mazraati, H.
name: Fulara, H.
name: Yue, J.
name: Jiang, S.
name: Awad, A. A.
name: Åkerman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate low-operational-current W/Co$_{20}$Fe$_{60}$B$_{20}$/MgO spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) on highly resistive silicon (HiR-Si) substrates. Thanks to a record high spin Hall angle of the $β$-phase W ($θ_{SH}$ = -0.53), a very low threshold current density of 3.3 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ A/cm$^2$ can be achieved. Together with their very wide frequency tunability (7-28 GHz), promoted by a moderate perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, this makes HiR-Si/W/CoFeB based SHNOs potential candidates for wide-band microwave signal generation. Their CMOS compatibility offers a promising route towards the integration of spintronic microwave devices with other on-chip semiconductor microwave components.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Voluta tringa Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Volutidae
Voluta
Voluta tringa

description: Voluta tringa [spec. nov.]
V. testa oblonga laevi, spira prominente detrita, columella triplicata, labro introrsum gibbosiore scabro.
Gvalt. test. t. 43. f. B.
Habitat in M. Mediterraneo.
Testa nitida, lutea, albo nebulosa. Spirae mucro in omnibus, quotquot vidi, detritus. Labrum exterius minime marginatum, in medio vero introrsum gibbum, sed minus quam in praecedentibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 731, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Vacuum Structure in QCD with Quark and Gluon Condensates
Creators: name: Mishra, A.
name: Mishra, H.
name: Sheel, Varun
name: Misra, S. P.
name: Panda, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider here the vacuum structure in QCD with both quark and gluon condensates and a variational ansatz for the ground state. The method is nonperturbative using only equal time algebra for the field operators. We then find that a constrained energy minimisation of the Hamiltonian leads to a QCD vacuum with both quark and gluon condensates for $α_s > α_c=0.62$. Pion decay constant and the charge radius of the pion seem to fix the QCD coupling constant $α_s$ as 1.28. The approach opens up possibilities of relating the mysterious vacuum structure with common place hadronic properties.
description: 20 Pages, 2 Figure pages, REVTEX, IP/BBSR/94-15
Subsonic structure and optically thick winds from Wolf--Rayet stars
Creators: name: Grassitelli, Luca
name: Langer, Norbert
name: Grin, Nathan J.
name: Mackey, Jonathan
name: Bestenlehner, Joachim M.
name: Graefener, Goetz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wolf-Rayet star's winds can be so dense and so optically thick that the photosphere appears in the highly supersonic part of the outflow, veiling the underlying subsonic part of the star, and leaving the initial acceleration of the wind inaccessible to observations. We investigate the conditions and the structure of the subsonic part of the outflow of Galactic WR stars, in particular of the WNE subclass; our focus is on the conditions at the sonic point. We compute 1D hydrodynamic stellar structure models for massive helium stars adopting outer boundaries at the sonic point. We find that the outflows of our models are accelerated to supersonic velocities by the radiative force from opacity bumps either at temperatures of the order of 200kK by the Fe opacity bump or of the order of 50kK by the HeII opacity bump. For a given mass-loss rate, the conditions in the subsonic part of the outflow are independent from the detailed physical conditions in the supersonic part. The close proximity to the Eddington limit at the sonic point allows us to construct a Sonic HR diagram, relating the sonic point temperature to the L/M ratio and the stellar mass-loss rate, thereby constraining the sonic point conditions, the subsonic structure, and the stellar wind mass-loss rates from observations. The minimum mass-loss rate necessary to have the flow accelerated to supersonic velocities by the Fe opacity bump is derived. A comparison of the observed parameters of Galactic WNE stars to this minimum mass-loss rate indicates that their winds are launched to supersonic velocities by the radiation pressure arising from the Fe-bump. Conversely, models which do not show transonic flows from the Fe opacity bump form inflated envelopes. We derive an analytic criterion for the appearance of envelope inflation in the subphotospheric layers.
description: A&A, Forthcoming article. 13 pages+5
Voluta mercatoria Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Volutidae
Voluta
Voluta mercatoria

description: Voluta mercatoria [spec. nov.]
V. testa ovata striata scabriuscula, spira obtusata, columella retusa, labroque introrsum gibbo denticulato.
Pet. gaz. t 9. f. 4.
Gvalt. test. t. 43. f. L.
Habitat in M. Mediterraneo.
Simillima insequenti, a qua differt, quod crassior, brevior, nitidius colorata albo luteoque, saepe etiam cingulo ferrugineo articulato notata, sed imprimis, quod transversim striata, striis elevatis subtuberculatis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 730-731, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Relatório Técnico Conclusivo: PLANO DE AÇÃO PARA ESTÍMULO AO EMPREENDEDORISMO E INOVAÇÃO NO IFRO
Creators: name: Renault, Thiago
name: Pacheco Faria, Adriana
name: Lima, Váldeson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: A elaboração deste Relatório Técnico teve como base a dissertação intitulada“Empreendedorismo e Inovação Além dos Componentes Curriculares, apresentado peladiscente Adriana Pacheco Faria, como requisito para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Gestãoe Estratégia pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ.Trata-se a pesquisa de um estudo de caso que teve o Instituto Federal de Ciência eTecnologia de Rondônia como objeto de análise, cujo objetivo principal é a elaboração desteplano. O estudo teve como inquietações norteadoras da pesquisa os seguintes questionamentos:os seguintes questionamentos: “a instituição de ensino cumpre o objetivo desenhado em suagênese de agente promotor do desenvolvimento por meio da inovação e doempreendedorismo?”; “quais são as práticas de gestão da inovação vigentes na instituição?”;“essas práticas se alinham com a legislação vigente?”; “que outras práticas seriam possíveis,numa perspectiva voltada ao empreendedorismo e à inovação?” e “que contribuições podemadvir de sua implementação no gerenciamento da inovação?”.
Spatially Resolved Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope Spectra of NGC 1068
Creators: name: Grimes, John P.
name: Kriss, Gerard A.
name: Espey, Brian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially resolved far-UV spectra (912-1840 A) of NGC 1068 obtained using the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) during the March 1995 Astro-2 mission. Three spectra of this prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy were obtained through a 12 arcsec diameter aperture centered on different locations near the nucleus. The first pointing (A1) was centered west of the optical nucleus; the nucleus was on the eastern edge of the aperture. The second (A2) was centered southwest of the optical nucleus with the nucleus well inside the aperture. The third (B) was centered on the ionization cone, with the nucleus on the southwestern edge of the aperture. While all three aperture locations have spectra similar to the Astro-1 observations of Kriss et al., these new spatially resolved observations localize the source of the far-UV line and continuum emission. The ionization cone (B) has both brighter emission lines and continuum than the nucleus (A2). A1 is fainter than either A2 or B in both lines and continuum. The far-UV emission lines observed with HUT have a spatial distribution that most similar to [O III] 5007, but appear to be more extended and offset to the northeast along the axis of the radio jet. This supports the previous conclusion of Kriss et al. that the bright C III 977 and N III 991 arises in shock-heated gas. The UV continuum radiation has a more extended spatial distribution than the line-emitting gas. At wavelengths longward of 1200 A the inferred continuum distribution is consistent with that seen in archival HST/WFPC2 F218W images, and it appears to contain a substantial contribution from starlight. At wavelengths shorter than 1200 A, the UV continuum becomes more concentrated in the ionization cone, consistent with nuclear flux scattered by hot electrons and dust.
description: To appear in the November 20, 1999, issue of the Astrophysical Journal. 13 pages, 7 PostScript figures, uses emulateapj.sty
Additional file 3 of Large-scale public data reuse to model immunotherapy response and resistance
Creators: name: Fu, Jingxin
name: Li, Karen
name: Zhang, Wubing
name: Wan, Changxin
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Liu, X.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S3. An example gene set related with immunotherapy response.
Distribution of Grain Fumigants in Silo-Type Elevator Tanks by Aeration Systems
Creators: name: Storey, C. L.
name: Storey, C. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpt from the report: All the fumigation tests presented in this report were conducted in silo-type concrete elevator tanks. The fumigants were distributed throughout the tanks by mechanical aeration systems operated at airflow rates used in cooling grain.
Giant nonlinear response at the nanoscale driven by bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Carletti, Luca
name: Koshelev, Kirill
name: De Angelis, Costantino
name: Kivshar, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Being motivated by the recent prediction of high-$Q$ supercavity modes in subwavelength dielectric resonators, we study the second-harmonic generation from isolated subwavelength AlGaAs nanoantennas pumped by a structured light. We reveal that nonlinear effects at the nanoscale can be enhanced dramatically provided the resonator parameters are tuned to the regime of the bound state in the continuum. We predict a record-high conversion efficiency for nanoscale resonators that exceeds by two orders of magnitude the conversion efficiency observed at the conditions of magnetic dipole Mie resonance, thus opening the way for highly-efficient nonlinear metadevices.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Additional file 3: of Long-term exposure to insulin and volumetric mammographic density: observational and genetic associations in the Karma study
Creators: name: Borgquist, Signe
name: Rosendahl, Ann
name: Czene, Kamila
name: Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala
name: Mozhgan Dorkhan
name: Hall, Per
name: Brand, Judith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Summary of percentage differences in volumetric mammography density observed by insulin therapy across the different observational analyses. Association of insulin therapy with volumetric mammographic density in different observational analyses with age and BMI adjusted estimates (open circles) and multivariable adjusted estimates (closed circles). Betas represent % differences in percent dense, absolute dense and absolute non-dense volume for differences in insulin exposure. (PDF 476 kb)
Sample-Derived Disjunctive Rules for Secure Power System Operation
Creators: name: Cremer, Jochen L.
name: Konstantelos, Ioannis
name: Tindemans, Simon H.
name: Strbac, Goran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning techniques have been used in the past using Monte Carlo samples to construct predictors of the dynamic stability of power systems. In this paper we move beyond the task of prediction and propose a comprehensive approach to use predictors, such as Decision Trees (DT), within a standard optimization framework for pre- and post-fault control purposes. In particular, we present a generalizable method for embedding rules derived from DTs in an operation decision-making model. We begin by pointing out the specific challenges entailed when moving from a prediction to a control framework. We proceed with introducing the solution strategy based on generalized disjunctive programming (GDP) as well as a two-step search method for identifying optimal hyper-parameters for balancing cost and control accuracy. We showcase how the proposed approach constructs security proxies that cover multiple contingencies while facing high-dimensional uncertainty with respect to operating conditions with the use of a case study on the IEEE 39-bus system. The method is shown to achieve efficient system control at a marginal increase in system price compared to an oracle model.
description: 6 pages, accepted paper to IEEE PMAPS 2018
Signature of Lepton flavor universality violation in $B_s \to D_sτν$ semileptonic decays
Creators: name: Dutta, Rupak
name: N, Rajeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviation from the standard model prediction is observed in many semileptonic $B$ decays mediated via $b \to c$ charged current interactions. In particular, current experimental measurements of the ratio of branching ratio $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast}}$ in $B \rightarrow D^{(*)}l ν$ decays disagree with standard model expectations at the level of about $4.1σ$. Moreover, recent measurement of the ratio of branching ratio $R_{J/Ψ}$ by LHCb, where $R_{J/Ψ} = \mathcal B(B_c \to J/Ψ\,τν)/\mathcal B(B_c \to J/Ψ\,μν)$, is more than $2σ$ away from the standard model prediction. In this context, we consider an effective Lagrangian in the presence of vector and scalar new physics couplings to study the implications of $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast}}$ anomalies in $B_s \to D_s\,τν$ decays. We give prediction of several observables such as branching ratio, ratio of branching ratio, forward backward asymmetry parameter, $τ$ polarization fraction, and the convexity parameter for the $B_s \to D_s\,τν$ decays within the standard model and within various new physics scenarios.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Tailoring Self-Rationalizers with Multi-Reward Distillation
Creators: name: Ramnath, Sahana
name: Joshi, Brihi
name: Hallinan, Skyler
name: Lu, Ximing
name: Li, Liunian Harold
name: Chan, Aaron
name: Hessel, Jack
name: Choi, Yejin
name: Ren, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LMs) are capable of generating free-text rationales to aid question answering. However, prior work 1) suggests that useful self-rationalization is emergent only at significant scales (e.g., 175B parameter GPT-3); and 2) focuses largely on downstream performance, ignoring the semantics of the rationales themselves, e.g., are they faithful, true, and helpful for humans? In this work, we enable small-scale LMs (approx. 200x smaller than GPT-3) to generate rationales that not only improve downstream task performance, but are also more plausible, consistent, and diverse, assessed both by automatic and human evaluation. Our method, MaRio (Multi-rewArd RatIOnalization), is a multi-reward conditioned self-rationalization algorithm that optimizes multiple distinct properties like plausibility, diversity and consistency. Results on five difficult question-answering datasets StrategyQA, QuaRel, OpenBookQA, NumerSense and QASC show that not only does MaRio improve task accuracy, but it also improves the self-rationalization quality of small LMs across the aforementioned axes better than a supervised fine-tuning (SFT) baseline. Extensive human evaluations confirm that MaRio rationales are preferred vs. SFT rationales, as well as qualitative improvements in plausibility and consistency.
Preparation and characterization of a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for human tumor necrosis factor alpha
Creators: name: Liao, Xinmei
name: Liang, Hui
name: Pan, Jian
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Niu, Jiaqi
name: Xue, Cuili
name: Ni, Jian
name: Cui, Daxiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Cardiology

description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is an important inflammatory factor. It plays a cardinal role in inflammatory synovitis and articular matrix degradation, and is, therefore, a prime target for directed immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we screened and isolated the B cells secreting anti-TNFα antibody from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The heavy-chain and light-chain sequences of the antibody were cloned and used to generate a stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing the antibody, which was named Haidalimumab. Haidalimumab showed a TNFα binding affinity comparable to that of the antibody Humira, which is the best TNF inhibitor on the market. Furthermore, Haidalimumab could effectively neutralize recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNFα) toxicity in a C57BL/6 mouse model and showed significant therapeutic effect in a tumor necrosis factor transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse arthritis model. In conclusion, we developed a high-affinity, fully human anti-TNFα antibody with low immunogenicity that could potentially have significant therapeutic applications in rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases. Abbreviations: ELISAenzyme linked immunosorbent assayRArheumatoid arthritisSDS-PAGEsodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisrhTNFαrecombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alphaEC50concentration for 50% of maximal effectTNF-Tg micetumor necrosis factor transgenic miceAMDactinomycin DMTTmethylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromidePBSphosphate‐buffered saline
Voluta mendicaria Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Volutidae
Voluta
Voluta mendicaria

description: Voluta mendicaria [spec. nov.]
V. testa ovata substriata, spira obsolete granulata, columella subedentula, labro introrsum gibbo attenuato denticulato.
Pet. gaz. t. 11. f. 5.
Gvalt. test. t. 52. f. E.
Habitat in Asia.
Testa magnitudine seminis Phaseoli, atra, obsolete scabra. Anfractus ventris fasciis 3 flavis. Spira linea unica adscendente, anfractibus subnodosis; neque columella neque Labrum dentatum est.
* * * Fusiformes.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 731, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Adaptive online scheduling of tasks with anytime property on heterogeneous resources
Creators: name: Módos, István
name: Šůcha, Přemysl
name: Václavík, Roman
name: Smejkal, Jan
name: Hanzálek, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An acceptable response time of a server is an important aspect in many client-server applications; this is evident in situations in which the server is overloaded by many computationally intensive requests. In this work, we consider that the requests, or in this case tasks, generated by the clients are instances of optimization problems solved by anytime algorithms, i.e. the quality of the solution increases with the processing time of a task. These tasks are submitted to the server which schedules them to the available computational resources where the tasks are processed. To tackle the overload problem, we propose a scheduling algorithm which combines traditional scheduling approaches with a quality control heuristic which adjusts the requested quality of the solutions and thus changes the processing time of the tasks. Two efficient quality control heuristics are introduced: the first heuristic sets a global quality for all tasks, whereas the second heuristic sets the quality for each task independently. Moreover, in practice, the relationship between the processing time and the quality is not known a priori. Because it is crucial for scheduling algorithms to know at least the estimation of these relationships, we propose a general procedure for estimating these relationships using information obtained from the already executed tasks. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm is demonstrated on a real-world problem from the domain of personnel rostering with very good results.
Inhomogeneous Reionization Regulated by Radiative and Stellar Feedbacks
Creators: name: Ciardi, B.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Governato, F.
name: Jenkins, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the inhomogeneous reionization in a critical density CDM universe due to stellar sources, including Population III objects. The spatial distribution of the sources is obtained from high resolution numerical N-body simulations. We calculate the source properties taking into account a self-consistent treatment of both radiative (ie ionizing and H2 -photodissociating photons) and stellar (ie SN explosions) feedbacks regulated by massive stars. This allows us to describe the topology of the ionized and dissociated regions at various cosmic epochs and derive the evolution of H, He, and H2 filling factors, soft UV background, cosmic star formation rate and the final fate of ionizing objects. The main results are: (i) galaxies reionize the IGM by z~10 (with some uncertainty related to the gas clumping factor), whereas H2 is completely dissociated already by z~25; (ii) reionization is mostly due to the relatively massive objects which collapse via H line cooling, while objects whose formation relies on H2 cooling alone are insufficient to this aim; (iii) the diffuse soft UV background is the major source of radiative feedback effects for z<15; at higher z direct flux from neighboring objects dominates; (iv) the match of the calculated cosmic star formation history with the one observed at lower redshifts suggests that the conversion efficiency of baryons into stars is ~1%; (v) we find that a very large population of dark objects which failed to form stars is present by z~8. We discuss and compare our results with similar previous studies.
description: 34 pages, emulateapj.sty, LaTeX, 13 figures. MNRAS, submitted
title: Stable N-Chloraldimines and Other Chlorination Products of Phenylalanine in Model Solutions and in a Wastewater
Creators: name: Conyers, Barbara L.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1991

description: Model solutions of the amino acid phenylalanine were chlorinated to seven Cl/N mole ratios. The by-products were characterized using gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At the lower Cl/N ratios N-chlorophenylalanine and phenylacetaldehyde were identified as the main products while phenylacetonitrile and N-chlorophenylacetaldimine were the major products at Cl/N ratios of 2.0 and beyond. The concentration of phenylalanine in a municipal wastewater was determined. Using a radiotracer the chlorination products of phenylalanine in the wastewater at the 7 Cl/N ratios were identified as those seen in the model solutions. The distribution of the byproducts in the wastewater supports the idea that organic monochloramines may represent a significant percentage of the chlorine-containing oxidants present in wastewater at low chlorination levels used in treatment plants.
Three Methods for Distributing Methyl Bromide in Farm-Type Bins of Wheat and Corn
Creators: name: Storey, Charles L.
name: Storey, Charles L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: Since 1965, increasing quantities of grain under Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loan are being held in farm-type bins. More effective and more economical fumigation procedures are needed to reduce storage and treatment costs in these low-capacity storage facilities. The value of forced-distribution method for applying fumigants to bulk grain in large storage structures has been demonstrated. To apply the same method of fumigation to grain stored in farm-type bins, more background information was needed on which to base sound recommendations. This report presents the results of fumigation studies that were conducted to determine which application method would consistently and uniformly distribute fumigants in small, farm-type storage bins. In addition, several simple types of aeration ducts were tested in the single-pass and closed-recirculation methods of fumigation so that the different patterns of distribution could be evaluated.
Summary Talk at the 3rd KEK Topical Conference on CP Violation
Creators: name: Peccei, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A summary of the contributions to this topical conference is presented. The topics discussed ranged from detailing what we know about CP violation, to what we hope to learn in the future, to still unsolved mysteries in the subject.
description: 12 pages, UCLA/TEP/16; figures will be FAXed on request by e-mailing reyes@physics.ucla.edu
Late evolution of cataclysmic variables: the loss of AM Her systems
Creators: name: Meyer, F.
name: Meyer-Hofmeister, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The white dwarf in AM Her systems is strongly magnetic and keeps in synchronous rotation with the orbit by magnetic coupling to the secondary star. As the latter evolves through mass loss to a cool, degenerate brown dwarf it can no longer sustain its own magnetic field and coupling is lost. Angular momentum accreted then spins up the white dwarf and the system no longer appears as an AM Her system. Possible consequences are run-away mass transfer and mass ejection from the system. Some of the unusual cataclysmic variable systems at low orbital periods may be the outcome of this evolution.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of "Cataclysmic Variables", Symposium in Honour of Brian Warner, Oxford 1999, eds. P.Charles, A.King, O'Donoghue, to appear
Voluta vulpecula Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Volutidae
Voluta
Voluta vulpecula

description: Voluta vulpecula [spec. nov.]
V. testa fusiformi subangulata inermi transversim striata.
Rumph. mus. t. 29. f. R. Turricula.
Gualt. test. t. 54. f. B. C.
Habitat in O. Asiatico.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 732, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Personalized PageRank dimensionality and algorithmic implications
Creators: name: Vial, Daniel
name: Subramanian, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many systems, including the Internet, social networks, and the power grid, can be represented as graphs. When analyzing graphs, it is often useful to compute scores describing the relative importance or distance between nodes. One example is Personalized PageRank (PPR), which assigns to each node $v$ a vector whose $i$-th entry describes the importance of the $i$-th node from the perspective of $v$. PPR has proven useful in many applications, such as recommending who users should follow on social networks (if this $i$-th entry is large, $v$ may be interested in following the $i$-th user). Unfortunately, computing $n$ such PPR vectors (where $n$ is the number of nodes) is infeasible for many graphs of interest. In this work, we argue that the situation is not so dire. Our main result shows that the dimensionality of the set of PPR vectors scales sublinearly in $n$ with high probability, for a certain class of random graphs and for a notion of dimensionality similar to rank. Put differently, we argue that the effective dimension of this set is much less than $n$, despite the fact that the matrix containing these vectors has rank $n$. Furthermore, we show this dimensionality measure relates closely to the complexity of a PPR estimation scheme that was proposed (but not analyzed) by Jeh and Widom. This allows us to argue that accurately estimating all $n$ PPR vectors amounts to computing a vanishing fraction of the $n^2$ vector elements (when the technical assumptions of our main result are satisfied). Finally, we demonstrate empirically that similar conclusions hold when considering real-world networks, despite the assumptions of our theory not holding.
Additional file 1 of Urinary metabolomics for discovering metabolic biomarkers of bladder cancer by UPLC-MS
Creators: name: Wang, Rui
name: Kang, Huaixing
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Nie, Qing
name: Wang, Hongling
name: Wang, Chaojun
name: Zhou, Shujun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Alexandrium monilatum Balech 1995
Creators: name: Hernández-Becerril, David U.
name: Pichardo-Velarde, Jorge G.
name: Alonso-Rodríguez, Rosalba
name: Maciel-Baltazar, Ebodio
name: Morquecho, Lourdes
name: Esqueda-Lara, Karina
name: Barón-Campis, Sofía A.
name: Quiroz-González, Nataly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ostreopsidaceae
Alexandrium
Alexandrium monilatum

description: 3.1.7 Alexandrium monilatum (Howell) Balech (Figures 28–37)
References: Balech 1995, 67, pl. XV, figs 1–16; Faust and Gulledge 2002, pl. 4 fig. 1; Taylor et al. 2003, 406, fig. 15.16; Lassus et al. 2016, 50; Hernández-Becerril et al. 2021, 70, 71.
Chain-forming species (Figures 28–30), with medium to long chains (up to 8 cells per chain), cells strongly depressed, longer than wide, with an evident apical pore (Figures 31 and 32). Convex epitheca, wide and excavated cingulum and concave hypotheca (Figure 31). The first apical plate (1′) is not in connection with Po (Figures 32–34), which is a large structure, with a comma-shape and a large connecting pore (Figures 34 and 36). The posterior sulcal plate (Sp) is rhomboid and has a large pore (Figures 35 and 37).
Measurements: 38–46 μm L, 45–63 μm W (Table 1).
Toxicity: this species produces gonoidomin A, toxin that causes hemolysis to erythrocytes in mammalian species, including humans (May et al. 2010).
Distribution: in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
description: Published as part of Hernández-Becerril, David U., Pichardo-Velarde, Jorge G., Alonso-Rodríguez, Rosalba, Maciel-Baltazar, Ebodio, Morquecho, Lourdes, Esqueda-Lara, Karina, Barón-Campis, Sofía A. & Quiroz-González, Nataly, 2023, Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean, pp. 539-557 in Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) (Warsaw, Poland) 66 (6) on page 545, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0037, http://zenodo.org/record/11000291
Extinction bias of microlensed stars towards the LMC and the fraction of machos in the halo
Creators: name: Zhao, HongSheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of reddening on microlensed stars towards the LMC. If lenses are in the LMC disk, then the source stars should be at the far side or behind the LMC disk. Thus they should experience more reddening and extinction by dust in the LMC disk than typical stars in the immediate neighbouring lines of sight. We simulate this effect in a variety of models for the LMC stars and dust. We stress that the optical depth is not one number, but a function of the reddening of the survey stars. We discuss how these effects could be used to constrain the fraction of machos in the dark halo. The effect of patchiness of dust can be controled by working with faint stars in the smallest patches of the sky around the microlensed stars. This can be done most effectively with the Hubble Space Telescope in the ultra-violet. The non-detection of the reddening bias would be strongly in favor of machos in the Galactic halo.
description: A longer Introduction and minor changes with text and figure format. 18 pages with 9 postscript figures. ApJ submitted
Additional file 2 of Glutamate-glutamine homeostasis is perturbed in neurons and astrocytes derived from patient iPSC models of frontotemporal dementia
Creators: name: Aldana, Blanca I.
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Jensen, Pia
name: Chandrasekaran, Abinaya
name: Christensen, Sofie K.
name: Nielsen, Troels T.
name: Nielsen, Jørgen E.
name: Hyttel, Poul
name: Larsen, Martin R.
name: Waagepetersen, Helle S.
name: Freude, Kristine K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary methods. Quantitative determination of TCA cycle metabolite amounts and [13C] labeled metabolite isotopologues by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The quantification of the total amounts of succinate and malate was performed employing a Bruker Advance UHPLC system coupled to ESI-MS/MS (EVOQTQMS) for chromatographic separation, fragmentation and quantification as described in Larsen (Larsen, T.M. and Stürup, S. 2019. Development of an UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of isotope labeled metabolites and investigation of their fragmentation patterns, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) The column used to separate the analytes was a Phenomenex Luna® Omega, 1.6 μm Polar C18, 100 × 2.1 mm thermostated at 30 °C with a Phenomenex SecurityGuardTM ULTRA Cartridge precolumn. For separation, a mobile phase consisting of 15 mM glacial acetic acid in water and a mobile phase B of pure methanol were employed. The following gradient elution was applied: 0–5 min; 2% B flow rate 300 μL/min, 6–8 min; 100% B flow rate 400 μL/min, 9–11 min; 2% B flow rate 300 μL/min. Quantification of isotopologues in samples was performed with Single Ion Monitoring (SIM) scan whereas the fragmentation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed with product ion scan. Matrix mathematics was used to calculate the abundance/quantity of each isotopologue from the data obtained from the MS analysis. Only two intermediates, succinate and malate, were detected due to the detection limit of the UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS system.
Evaluating Gardona and Malathion to Protect Wheat in Small Bins Against Stored-Grain Insects
Creators: name: La Hue, Delmon W.
name: La Hue, Delmon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: This report presents results of a small-bin, intermediate-type experiment with wheat protectants. The treatments studied were low-volume (LV) spray and drip-on applications of malathion, an ultra-low volume (ULV) application of a chemically active insecticide, Gardona, and a formulation of malathion in granular carbon for protection against insect attacks. All malathion treatments were applied at the standard dosage rate of 10.42 parts per million technical malathion. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effectiveness of different formulations and methods of application of malathion and a chemical, Gardona, as protectants of Hard Winter wheat against insect attack and (2) to record the residues remaining on the wheat at selected intervals during 12 months' storage.
Voluta sanguisuga Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Volutidae
Voluta
Voluta sanguisuga

description: Voluta sanguisuga [spec. nov.]
V. testa fusiformi sulcata transverse striata.
Pet. gaz. t. 4. f. 5.
Rumph. mus. t. 29. f. V.
Gualt. test. t. 53. f. T.
Kratzenst. Regenf. 2. t. 1. f. 5.
Habitat in M. Mediterraneo.
Fasciae ansractuum e punctis sanguineis distantibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 732, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206