cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimization Model of Hirmand River Basin Water Resources in the Agricultural Sector Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming under Uncertainty Conditions
Creators: name: Mohammadghasemi, Mahmoud
name: Shahraki, Javad
name: Sabouni, Mahmood Sabouhi
name: Mohammadghasemi, Mahmoud
name: Shahraki, Javad
name: Sabouni, Mahmood Sabouhi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Expected value
subject: Optimal allocation
subject: Stochastic dynamic programming

description: In this study, water management allocated to the agricultural sector’ was analyzed using stochastic dynamic programming under uncertainty conditions. The technical coefficients used in the study referred to the agricultural years, 2013-2014. They were obtained through the use of simple random sampling of 250 farmers in the region for crops wheat, barley, melon, watermelon and ruby grapes under the scenarios of drought, wet, normal, and water required in the most sensitive growth stages. Production function and profit function were obtained from the yield-water-product function of crops using Eviews software. Expected net profit of the system and optimal allocation of water were also calculated based on the GAMS economic analysis software. The results revealed that 14% of the cases over the past 30 years had wet years (high), 47% of the time and that 39% had experienced drought (low) and normal (average) years. In the best case, i.e. with high current levels, respectively at, 58, 67, 54, and 48% of water requirements for these crops and, in the worst case (with low current levels), 47, 35, 49, 53 and 48% of the water requirements provided during the most sensitive growth stages. Moreover, the results showed that the cultivation of the ruby grape was the best product with the highest expected profit in normal and rainfall conditions. In general, when the expected value of net profit is positive, managers would act optimistically and they would promise the optimal level of water provided to the farmers. Conversely, when the net value is negative they would prefer to be more conservative and would promise a lesser amount of water provided to the farmers. Hence, if the promised water to the farmer is not wasted, he will choose the loss incurred from a lesser harvest.
title: Understanding collaborative creativity: An observational study of the effects of the social and educational context on the processes of young children's joint creative writing
Creators: name: Vass, Éva
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: Drawing on socio-cultural theory, the research presented here examines the nature of productive group work in the context of children's collaborative creative writing. The thesis explores the role of friendship in mediating the processes of joint creative writing, and examines the effects of other contextual features in the classroom-context - task design, instructions and writing medium - in structuring and supporting shared creativity. The study draws on preliminary observations of Year 5-Year 6 classrooms (children aged 9-11) and longitudinal observational data of ongoing classroom activities in Year 3 and Year 4 classrooms (children aged 7-9) in England. It offers a contextualised, qualitative analysis of the social and cognitive processes linked to shared creative text composition via the in-depth study of verbal interaction. For the analysis of joint creative writing discourse a functional model was developed. The research study contributes to the theoretical debate on collaborative learning by studying peer processes in the context of creative writing and by exploring the mediational role of friends and features in the learning context in influencing classroom-based collaboration. The findings show that the pairs' discourse varied in the level of collectivity and individualism they displayed and that, for most part, the variations can be explained by the differences in their relationships. Thus the study demonstrates the potential affordances of friendship pairing for shared creativity. Furthermore, the research presented in the thesis shows the mediating effects of task design, instructions and the writing medium, highlighting the inextricably linked nature of contextual features in structuring shared work in the classroom.
Drift and Diffusion in Periodically Driven Renewal Processes
Creators: name: Prager, Tobias
name: Schimansky-Geier, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the drift and diffusion properties of periodically driven renewal processes. These processes are defined by a periodically time dependent waiting time distribution, which governs the interval between subsequent events. We show that the growth of the cumulants of the number of events is asymptotically periodic and develop a theory which relates these periodic growth coefficients to the waiting time distribution defining the periodic renewal process. The first two coefficients, which are the mean frequency and effective diffusion coefficient of the number of events are considered in greater detail. They may be used to quantify stochastic synchronization.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Journal of Statistical Physics
Analysis of household food demand patterns in Laikipia County, Kenya
Creators: name: Gabriel, Mwenjeri
name: Samuel, Mwakubo
name: Mary, Kipsat
name: Mwambia, Koome
name: Gabriel, Mwenjeri
name: Samuel, Mwakubo
name: Mary, Kipsat
name: Mwambia, Koome
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Expenditure
subject: food demand
subject: households
subject: land management practices

description: In Kenya, arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), comprise some 80% of the country and are characterized by high rates of food insecurity, natural resources degradation and unsustainable land management practices. This has led to a significant disruption of bio-diversity resulting in adverse impact on traditional food sources, income and other basic needs of many rural households, thereby leaving many households depending on the markets as their main source of food. Therefore, careful examination of food demand trends among the rural households serves as a precursor to effective planning, monitoring and evaluation of interventions as well as targeting assistance effectively. Guided by neoclassical theory of consumer demand, of a negative relationship between the quantities demanded and product’s price, the study employed Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIAIDS) model, applying Iterative Seemingly Unrelated Regression Procedure (ITSUR) to study food demand in Laikipia County, Kenya. The results indicate that food commodities are price inelastic; Maize, beans, meat and milk are necessities while fruits and vegetables and other foods (which include wheat products, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, millet and sorghum) are luxuries. The results suggests that income rather than price oriented policies will be more significant in addressing food insecurity. Secondly, food price regimes that support both supply and demand sides need to be applied for food security to be achieved; and lastly, the impact of demographic variables such as household size, education level of household head, gender and occupation should be considered in policy formulation.
Schrödinger operators with a switching effect
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q10, 35J10, 35P15

description: This paper summarizes the contents of a plenary talk given at the 14th Biennial Conference of Indian SIAM in Amritsar in February 2018. We discuss here the effect of an abrupt spectral change for some classes of Schrödinger operators depending on the value of the coupling constant, from below bounded and partly or fully discrete, to the continuous one covering the whole real axis. A prototype of such a behavior can be found in Smilansky-Solomyak model devised to illustrate that an an irreversible behavior is possible even if the heat bath to which the systems is coupled has a finite number of degrees of freedom and analyze several modifications of this model, with regular potentials or a magnetic field, as well as another system in which $x^py^p$ potential is amended by a negative radially symmetric term. Finally, we also discuss resonance effects in such models.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Defining and measuring the 'Global Health Agenda'
Creators: name: Shiffman, Jeremy
name: Berlan, David
name: AbouAssi, Khaldoun
name: Elberger, Ben
name: Cordero, Amy
name: Soper, Tim
name: Roe, Shannon
name: Kosman, Mary
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Description to be added
Management of post-harvest bacterial soft rot of potato caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum using bacterial bio-agents
Creators: name: Viswanath H S
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60704 Plant Pathology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Bacterial soft rot is one of the most destructive diseases worldwide causing heavy losses in field, storage and transit. Chemical control of this disease was not successful even in developed countries besides use of antibiotics to control this disease on stored produce causes severe health complications by inducing resistance to other human pathogenic bacteria. In present study, four different bacterial species viz., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomona fluorescens, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus spp. were evaluated against Pectobacterium carotovorum, soft rot causing pathogen in-vitro. Best results were obtained by Bacillus subtilis with a mean diameter zone of inhibition of 14.33mm followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens with a zone 0f 14mm. Least zone of inhibition of 2.16mm was observed in case of Bacillus sp., whereas no zone of inhibition was observed in case of both control (sterile water) and Bacillus tequilensis. The two effective antagonists in vitro viz., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were also evaluated against post-harvest soft rot disease on potato tubers at different times viz., 12 hours prior to the inoculation, simultaneously with the inoculation of the pathogen and 12 hours after the inoculation of the pathogen. Among the bio-agents evaluated, Bacillus subtilis exhibited highest control with the disease incidence of 84% and severity of 16.8% followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens with the incidence of 88% and severity of 17.6% when applied 12 hours prior to the inoculation of the pathogen even after 6 days of storage
Short and long distance contributions to $B \to K^* γγ$
Creators: name: Choudhury, S. R.
name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Mahajan, Namit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay of the neutral B meson to $K^* γγ$ within the framework of the Standard Model, including long distance contributions.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures; A sign error in the numerical estimation corrected. Results and figures changed. Results for resonance contributions also updated to match with the experimetal values in the narrow width approximation
Adaptation Measures on the Energy Sector
Creators: name: Oliveira, Filipe
name: Olival, Elizabeth
name: Vasconcelos, Hugo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Climate Change
Adaptation
Mitigation
Energy Sector
Electric Mobility
Energy Storage
Renewable Energy

description: Set of best practices implemented in the Autonomous Region of Madeira about climate change adaptation and mitigation, regarding the Energy Sector
Wasserstein distance error bounds for the multivariate normal approximation of the maximum likelihood estimator
Creators: name: Anastasiou, Andreas
name: Gaunt, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 62E17, 62F10, 62F12

description: We obtain explicit $p$-Wasserstein distance error bounds between the distribution of the multi-parameter MLE and the multivariate normal distribution. Our general bounds are given for possibly high-dimensional, independent and identically distributed random vectors. Our general bounds are of the optimal $\mathcal{O}(n^{-1/2})$ order. Explicit numerical constants are given when $p\in(1,2]$, and in the case $p>2$ the bounds are explicit up to a constant factor that only depends on $p$. We apply our general bounds to derive Wasserstein distance error bounds for the multivariate normal approximation of the MLE in several settings; these being single-parameter exponential families, the normal distribution under canonical parametrisation, and the multivariate normal distribution under non-canonical parametrisation. In addition, we provide upper bounds with respect to the bounded Wasserstein distance when the MLE is implicitly defined.
description: 43 pages, 1 figure
On the master equation approach to kinetic theory: linear and nonlinear Fokker--Planck equations
Creators: name: Kiessling, Michael K. -H.
name: Lancellotti, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the relationship between kinetic equations of the Fokker-Planck type (two linear and one non-linear) and the Kolmogorov (a.k.a. master) equations of certain N-body diffusion processes, in the context of Kac's "propagation of chaos" limit. The linear Fokker-Planck equations are well-known, but here they are derived as a limit N->infty of a simple linear diffusion equation on (3N-C)-dimensional N-velocity spheres of radius sqrt(N) (with C=1 or 4 depending on whether the system conserves energy only or energy and momentum). In this case, a spectral gap separating the zero eigenvalue from the positive spectrum of the Laplacian remains as N->infty,so that the exponential approach to equilibrium of the master evolution is passed on to the limiting Fokker-Planck evolution in R^3. The non-linear Fokker-Planck equation is known as Landau's equation in the plasma physics literature. Its N-particle master equation, originally introduced (in the 1950s) by Balescu and Prigogine (BP), is studied here on the (3N-4)-dimensional N-velocity sphere. It is shown that the BP master equation represents a superposition of diffusion processes on certain two-dimensional sub-manifolds of R^{3N} determined by the conservation laws for two-particle collisions. The initial value problem for the BP master equation is proved to be well-posed and its solutions are shown to decay exponentially fast to equilibrium. However, the first non-zero eigenvalue of the BP operator is shown to vanish in the limit N->infty. This indicates that the exponentially fast approach to equilibrium may not be passed from the finite-N master equation on to Landau's nonlinear kinetic equation.
description: 20 pages; based on talk at the 18th ICTT Conference. Some typos and a few minor technical fixes. Modified title slightly
Defining and measuring the 'Global Health Agenda'
Creators: name: Shiffman, Jeremy
name: Berlan, David
name: AbouAssi, Khaldoun
name: Elberger, Ben
name: Cordero, Amy
name: Soper, Tim
name: Roe, Shannon
name: Kosman, Mary
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Description to be added
Free Energy Driven Transfer of Charge in Dense Electrochemically Active Monomolecular Films
Creators: name: Zaslavsky, Dmitry
name: Pakoulev, Andrei
name: Burtman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interest in monomolecular films as electric conductors arises from the search for innovative materials. The utility of non-covalently bonded films is limited because they are mechanically unstable and consist of poorly connected domains. Consequently, charge transfers in these films are limited to the distances in the order of a micrometer. Here we show that a recently developed gas phase assembling method (Burtman, V., Zelichenok, A., Yitzchaik, S. (1999) Angewandte Chemie Inter. Ed. 38, 2041-2045.), which produces robust dense monolayers of NTCDI covalently attached to the surface of silicon, allows one to overcome this scale limitation. These virtually insulating monolayers can be photo-chemically populated with cation-radicals via ejection of electrons into the semi-conducting base. The positive charges of cation-radicals can migrate as far as several millimeters within microseconds in a random walk fashion thus demonstrating the macroscopic connectivity of the film. Since the charges exist as cation-radicals, which are potent oxidants, their migration is coupled to transfer of the free energy of their reduction and is driven by the redox potential gradient. Reduction of cation-radicals by an anode converts this free energy into electromotive force. We show how these films can be implemented in solar energy conversion and basic time-resolved distance-controlled studies of sequences of ultra-fast electron transfers.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Connes' bicentralizer problem for q-deformed Araki-Woods algebras
Creators: name: Houdayer, Cyril
name: Isono, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10, 46L53, 46L54

description: Let $(H_{\mathbf{R}}, U_t)$ be any strongly continuous orthogonal representation of $\mathbf{R}$ on a real (separable) Hilbert space $H_{\mathbf{R}}$. For any $q\in (-1,1)$, we denote by $Γ_q(H_{\mathbf{R}},U_t)^{\prime\prime}$ the $q$-deformed Araki-Woods algebra introduced by Shlyakhtenko and Hiai. In this paper, we prove that $Γ_q(H_{\mathbf{R}},U_t)^{\prime\prime}$ has trivial bicentralizer if it is a type $\rm III_1$ factor. In particular, we obtain that $Γ_q(H_{\mathbf{R}},U_t)^{\prime\prime}$ always admits a maximal abelian subalgebra that is the range of a faithful normal conditional expectation. Moreover, using Sniady's work, we derive that $Γ_q(H_{\mathbf{R}},U_t)^{\prime\prime}$ is a full factor provided that the weakly mixing part of $(H_{\mathbf{R}}, U_t)$ is nonzero.
description: 14 pages
title: So you think you are a good school! An evaluation of one school's strategies for raising the achievement of those pupils identified as underachieving: Is target setting the answer or should we also be listening to and responding to the views of the pupils'?
Creators: name: Carrington-Howell, Digby
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: With the introduction of 'school league tables', added pressure is placed upon schools to improve pupil examination performance. One of the main areas of interest therefore, is for schools to identify pupils who are on the grade D/C borderline and those pupils with the potential to achieve five or more GCSEs at grade C or above and then target them in some way to help them realise their potential. This study takes place in an 11-16 Voluntary Aided Roman Catholic school. The senior management team has identified a group of pupils who they feel are underachieving basing their conclusions on pupil performance data. The group of pupils targeted are all in Year 11 and all are felt to be capable of achieving five or more grade "C" GCSEs but are on the D/C border line in a number of subjects. A strategy has been put in place to target these pupils with senior staff as mentors. The study looks to see if this is the most appropriate way to identify and raise underachievement and if this is the most effective time in their academic career to target the pupils. Using a questionnaire, a survey was completed focusing on pupil motivation to try and find out exactly if and when demotivation and underachievement occurs at this school. The indications suggest that the senior management strategy is probably occurring too late and motivation needs addressing earlier down the school, possibly as early as Year 7. It also appeared that there was very little evaluation of the strategy by management and as a result it was not developing further. Very little work appears to have been done on pupils' perspectives of their schooling and what contribution they can make to school improvement. The questionnaire identified what was happening with respect to motivation in the school but being a quantitative collection method did not explain why. The obvious source of information to investigate this problem was the pupils themselves. A series of qualitative techniques were used to canvas pupils' perceptions of the school's strategies to see if any recommendations could be generated to further increase pupil examination achievement. It was found that pupils' perceptions should seriously be considered in policy formulation and that the initiative could be further improved through regular evaluation.
Effect of Preparations of Bamboo Vinegar and Copper Sulfate on Green Algae and Tobacco Seedling Growth
Creators: name: WANG Tingqing
name: XU Lingjie
name: YUAN Qianhua
name: ZHANG Xiuhai
name: ZHONG Weiqian
name: QIU Kun
name: MA Chuanren
name: WANG Tingqing
name: XU Lingjie
name: YUAN Qianhua
name: ZHANG Xiuhai
name: ZHONG Weiqian
name: QIU Kun
name: MA Chuanren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate, Green algae, Tobacco seedlings, Agronomic traits, Fresh matter

description: To provide theoretical and technical basis for the application of preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate in the prevention of green algae in floating system for tobacco seeding, the soaking and spraying methods were employed to study the effect of different concentrations of preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate on green algae and tobacco seedling growth. The results showed that the preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate of different concentrations played a strong role in inhibiting green algae growth and had better effect than copper sulfate. Spraying 1:200 preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate could significantly promote tobacco seedling growth, and the leaf fresh weight increased by 15.80% compared with CK, with significant difference; spraying 1:50 preparations was not conducive to tobacco seedling growth. It was recommended to spray 1:200 preparations of bamboo vinegar and copper sulfate in floating system for tobacco seeding, which could promote tobacco seedling growth and reduce green algae to varying degrees.
On fourth order retarded equations with functional boundary conditions: a unified approach
Creators: name: Calamai, Alessandro
name: Infante, Gennaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47H10, secondary 34K10, 34B10, 34B18

description: By means of a recent Birkhoff-Kellogg type theorem, we discuss the solvability of a fairly general class of parameter-dependent fourth order retarded differential equations subject to functional boundary conditions. We seek solutions within a translate cone of nonnegative functions. We provide an example to illustrate our theoretical results.
description: 13 pages
title: Micro-finance Impact Assessment and Methodology: Evidence from a Christian Development Programme in Honduras
Creators: name: Vander Weele, Kenneth D.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: A field survey of micro-enterprises was designed and analyzed to assess the impact and social costs and benefits of micro-credit programmes. The survey was administered to a group of the smallest and youngest Honduran micro-enterprises provided loans by a Christian micro-finance organisation, the Institute for Honduran Development (IDH). The survey was also administered to a control group of micro-enterprises which did not receive loans but with similar characteristics to those that did. The use of a control group circumvents several difficult impediments encountered in rigorous impact assessment research and in social cost benefit analysis. The approach employed in this research thereby constitutes a methodological advance in this field. The research does not distinguish between lending and non-lending support services provided by IDH. Statistical techniques are used to analyze the data and the combined provision of lending and nonlending assistance is found to significantly increase income. Social cost benefit analysis demonstrates that the benefits far exceeded the costs of administering the programme. The results suggest that micro-credit assistance to the smallest and youngest microenterprises can be an effective way of increasing incomes and reducing poverty.
On the area of the symmetry orbits in $T^2$ symmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Isenberg, James
name: Weaver, Marsha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a global existence result for the Einstein equations. We show that in the maximal Cauchy development of vacuum $T^2$ symmetric initial data with nonvanishing twist constant, except for the special case of flat Kasner initial data, the area of the $T^2$ group orbits takes on all positive values. This result shows that the areal time coordinate $R$ which covers these spacetimes runs from zero to infinity, with the singularity occurring at R=0.
description: The appendix which appears in version 1 has a technical problem (the inequality appearing as the first stage of (52) is not necessarily true), and since the appendix is unnecessary for the proof of our results, we leave it out. version 2 -- clarifications added, version 3 -- reference corrected
Cosmological dynamics of scalar field with non-minimal kinetic term
Creators: name: Kröger, H.
name: Melkonyan, G.
name: Rubin, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dynamics of scalar field with non-minimal kinetic term. Nontrivial behavior of the field in the vicinity of singular points of kinetic term is observed. In particular, the singular points could serve as attractor for classical solutions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, title is changed, some refs added, to be published in Gen. Rel. and Grav
An H-band survey of the Herschel Deep Field
Creators: name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Shanks, T.
name: Weilbacher, P. M.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Fong, R.
name: Thompson, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present H-band infra-red galaxy data to a 3 sigma limit of H=22.9 and optical-infra-red colours of galaxies on the William Herschel Deep Field. These data were taken from a 7'x 7' area observed for 14 hours with the Omega Prime camera on the 3.5-m Calar Alto telescope. We derive H-band number counts, colour-magnitude diagrams and colour histograms. We review our Pure Luminosity Evolution galaxy count models based on the spectral synthesis models of Bruzual & Charlot. These PLE models give an excellent fit to the our H band count data to H<22.5 and HDF count data to H<28. However, PLE models with a Salpeter IMF for early-type galaxies overestimate the average galaxy redshift in K<20 galaxy redshift surveys. Models that assume a steep x=3 IMF give better agreement data, although they do show an unobserved peak in B-H and I-H colour distributions at faint H magnitudes corresponding to z>1 early-type galaxies. This feature may simply reflect a larger scatter in optical-infra-red colours than in the B-R colour of early-type galaxies at this redshift. This scatter is obvious in optical-IR colour-colour diagrams and may be explained by on-going star-formation in an intermediate sub-population of early-type galaxies. The numbers of EROs detected are a factor of 2-3 lower than predicted by the early-type models that assume the Salpeter IMF and in better agreement with those that assume the x=3 IMF. The tight sequence of early-type galaxies also shows a sub-class which is simultaneously redder in infrared bands and bluer in the bluer bands than the classical, passive early-type galaxy; this sub-class appears at relatively low redshifts and may constitute an intermediate age, early-type population.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos
Creators: name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Mészáros, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Universe is filled with a diffuse background of MeV gamma-rays and PeV neutrinos, whose origins are unknown. Here, we propose a scenario that can account for both backgrounds simultaneously. Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei have hot accretion flows where thermal electrons naturally emit soft gamma rays via Comptonization of their synchrotron photons. Protons there can be accelerated via turbulence or reconnection, producing high-energy neutrinos via hadronic interactions. We demonstrate that our model can reproduce the gamma-ray and neutrino data. Combined with a contribution by hot coronae in luminous active galactic nuclei, these accretion flows can explain the keV -- MeV photon and TeV -- PeV neutrino backgrounds. This scenario can account for the MeV background without non-thermal electrons, suggesting a higher transition energy from the thermal to non-thermal Universe than expected. Our model is consistent with X-ray data of nearby objects, and testable by future MeV gamma-ray and high-energy neutrino detectors.
description: Published in Nature Communications. Conclusions unchanged. Calculation methods and presentations are improved. Discussions are extended
title: Networking and Technological Learning in Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing Enterprises in Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Chipika, Stephen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: The overall aim of this thesis is to understand the relationship between technological learning and networking for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing in Zimbabwe. This understanding is vital in order to facilitate a more purposeful mainstreaming of manufacturing SMEs into the national economy. The implications of the relationship between technological learning and networking are noted in the analyses, conclusions drawn and recommendations made for the strengthening of the development of manufacturing SMEs in the country. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods are used to analyse largely primary data collected principally but not exclusively from Harare. The quantitative data are analysed by applying progressive statistical analysis which involves the use of scatterplot, linear correlation coefficient, Chi-square test and regression analysis. Case study analysis which focuses on four firms with varying characteristics is used to develop an in-depth understanding of the association between technological learning and networking. The research findings generally lend support to the hypothesis that 'small and medium scale light engineering firms that are strongly networked have a greater level of technological leaming than poorly networked firms'. However, there are also qualifiers to this broad hypothesis, of which two are paramount. Firstly, in order to learn from networks a firm must know how to learn. Secondly, while customer networks are consistently of high significance to firms, the same cannot be said of networks involving enterprise support organisations (ESOs). These qualifiers have important policy implications for the type of support that is offered to SMEs in Zimbabwe.
Advances in Utilization of Agricultural Waste Based on Production of Edible Fungi
Creators: name: WANG Mingyou
name: SONG Weidong
name: WANG Jiaoling
name: WU Jinji
name: DING Tianhang
name: LI Feng
name: WANG Mingyou
name: SONG Weidong
name: WANG Jiaoling
name: WU Jinji
name: DING Tianhang
name: LI Feng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Edible fungi, Waste, Cultivation materials, Cyclic utilization, Advances

description: Along with the rapid development of edible fungus industry in China, the traditional mode of production giving priority to wood chips will be severely limited, and using agricultural waste distributed widely, having large yield, and containing high content of organic matter to produce edible fungus has good economic and ecological benefit. In this paper, based on the analysis of characteristics of agricultural waste in China, the present situation of application of agricultural waste in the production of edible fungi at home and abroad was introduced, and the main problems existing in production of edible fungi by using agricultural waste in China at the present stage were pointed out. Finally, the development direction of using agricultural waste to cultivate edible fungi was discussed, and some suggestions were put forward, such as improving the theoretical system for using agricultural waste to produce edible fungi, and establishing the standardized technical system for using agricultural waste to produce edible fungi.
Pose-Aware Instance Segmentation Framework from Cone Beam CT Images for Tooth Segmentation
Creators: name: Chung, Minyoung
name: Lee, Minkyung
name: Hong, Jioh
name: Park, Sanguk
name: Lee, Jusang
name: Lee, Jingyu
name: Lee, Jeongjin
name: Shin, Yeong-Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U10

description: Individual tooth segmentation from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is an essential prerequisite for an anatomical understanding of orthodontic structures in several applications, such as tooth reformation planning and implant guide simulations. However, the presence of severe metal artifacts in CBCT images hinders the accurate segmentation of each individual tooth. In this study, we propose a neural network for pixel-wise labeling to exploit an instance segmentation framework that is robust to metal artifacts. Our method comprises of three steps: 1) image cropping and realignment by pose regressions, 2) metal-robust individual tooth detection, and 3) segmentation. We first extract the alignment information of the patient by pose regression neural networks to attain a volume-of-interest (VOI) region and realign the input image, which reduces the inter-overlapping area between tooth bounding boxes. Then, individual tooth regions are localized within a VOI realigned image using a convolutional detector. We improved the accuracy of the detector by employing non-maximum suppression and multiclass classification metrics in the region proposal network. Finally, we apply a convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform individual tooth segmentation by converting the pixel-wise labeling task to a distance regression task. Metal-intensive image augmentation is also employed for a robust segmentation of metal artifacts. The result shows that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, especially for teeth with metal artifacts. The primary significance of the proposed method is two-fold: 1) an introduction of pose-aware VOI realignment followed by a robust tooth detection and 2) a metal-robust CNN framework for accurate tooth segmentation.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
title: The Application of the European Convention on Human Rights to the United Kingdom's Targeted Killing Policy
Creators: name: Halewood, L
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2024

description: In August 2015, the United Kingdom (UK) utilised an armed drone to carry out the targeted killing of Reyaad Khan, an ISIS member, as he was travelling in a car near Raqqa, Syria. Subsequently, the Joint Committee on Human Rights (JCHR) launched an inquiry to establish whether the killing of Reyaad Khan was a ‘one-off’ or represented the first instance of a UK Targeted Killing Policy to neutralise extraterritorial terrorist threats. The JCHR inquiry concluded that the UK has adopted a targeted killing policy within its counterterrorism framework. From a European perspective, the UK’s embrace of targeted killing was ground-breaking and provides a fresh setting for examining the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or Convention). This research is focused on examining the application of the ECHR to the UK Policy, which requires consideration of two broad issues that are separate but interrelated: the applicability and the application of the ECHR to the UK Policy. After assessing the preliminary issue of the extraterritorial applicability of the Convention to drone operated targeted killings, the research turns to considering the application of the right to life in the various contexts envisaged by the UK Policy. Throughout this research, the UK’s understanding of its obligations under the ECHR in relation to its policy, as articulated during the JCHR inquiry, will be analysed. Where misunderstanding or ambiguities arise, recommendations will be provided to safeguard the UK from violating the Convention when carrying out targeted killings. Though the thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the application of the ECHR to the UK Policy, the legal analysis will be relevant to any Contracting Parties that follow the precedent set by the UK. Moreover, the research contributes to discussions on a range of contentious legal questions that are pertinent to the use of armed drones for counterterrorism, but also relevant whenever states parties conduct military operations overseas.
lack-of-association-between-FKBP1-gene-and-susceptibility-to-malignant hyperthermia
Creators: name: MOHAMMED ALTHOBITI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: lack-of-association-between-FKBP1-gene-and-susceptibility-to-malignant hyperthermia
Recommendations for Solving Difficulties in Investigation of Environmental Pollution Cases in China
Creators: name: ZHANG Lei
name: ZHANG Lei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: China, Environmental pollution, Investigation of cases, Difficulties, Recommendations

description: Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern, and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present, there are difficulties of putting a case on file, collecting evidence, judicial identification, and presumption of causal relationship in investigation of environmental pollution cases. In accordance with current situations, it came up following recommendations: (i) widely collecting case clues to solve the difficulty of putting a case on file; (ii) improving the ability of collecting evidence and standardizing the evidence collection, to solve the difficulty of evidence collection. (iii) including the environmental pollution judicial identification system, and unifying the identification standards, to solve the difficulty in identification. It is recommended to use the epidemiological causal relationship theory combined with enough high-quality evidences to solve the difficulty in presumption of causal relationship.
The Shortest Path Analysis Based on Road Network
Creators: name: DU Chaozheng
name: DU Chaozheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Shortest path, Dijkstra's algorithm, Road network model, Network analysis

description: Rational planning of agricultural product transport route from initial node to destination node can effectively reduce the cost price of agricultural products, and the calculation of shortest path between any two points also affects people's daily travel. Taking Heze Railway Station to Heze College for example, with remote sensing image data as the base map, we conduct vectorization and topological analysis on roads in the target area. With Dijkstra as theoretical basis of shortest path algorithm, we use ArcGIS network analysis method to build road network, and calculate the planning program of the shortest distance path, the shortest path by riding and the shortest path by walking.
Faith-based peace-building : Mapping and analysis of Christian, Muslim and multi-faith actors
Creators: name: Abu-Nimer, Mohammed
name: Bouta, Tsjeard
name: Kadayifci-Orellana, S. Ayse
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Religion has become an important topic on today’s policy agenda. Policy-makers are no longer able to get around religion’s role in conflict and peace, and in particular in conflict prevention and peace-building. Although religion is often blamed for inciting conflict, it can also help to resolve conflict and decrease tensions. This study focuses on the possible positive role(s) of religion—that is, of faith-based organizations—in building peace.This desk study analyses 27 Christian, Muslim and multi-faith organizations that are working on peace-building in conflict situations. By studying how they operate as peace-builders, the study aims to shed more light on the peace-building potential of faith-based organizations. It particularly aims to advise donors on how they can deal with faith-based peace-building in policy. Based on this first and limited analysis, the authors came to the following findings, donor recommendations and suggestions for follow-up study.
Fossil HII Regions: Self-Limiting Star Formation at High Redshift
Creators: name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Haiman, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results by the WMAP satellite suggest that the intergalactic medium was significantly reionized at redshifts as high as z~17. At this early epoch, the first ionizing sources likely appeared in the shallow potential wells of mini-halos with virial temperatures T < 10^4 K. Once such an ionizing source turns off, its surrounding HII region Compton cools and recombines. Nonetheless, we show that the ``fossil'' HII regions left behind remain at high adiabats, prohibiting gas accretion and cooling in subsequent generations of mini-halos. Thus, early star formation is self-limiting. We quantify this effect to show that star formation in mini-halos cannot account for the bulk of the electron scattering opacity measured by WMAP, which must be due to more massive objects. We argue that gas entropy, rather than IGM metallicity, regulates the evolution of the global ionizing emissivity, and impedes full reionization until lower redshifts. We discuss several important consequences of this early entropy floor for reionization. It reduces gas clumping, curtailing the required photon budget for reionization. An entropy floor also prevents H2 formation and cooling, due to reduced gas densities: it greatly enhances feedback from UV photodissociation of H2. An early X-ray background would also furnish an entropy floor to the entire IGM; thus, X-rays impede rather than enhance H2 formation. Future 21cm observations may probe the topology of fossil HII regions.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
Survey of Fruit Use by Preserve Manufacturers
Creators: name: Reese, Robert B.
name: Reese, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis

description: Excerpts from the report: This study of fruit use by preserve manufacturers is one of a series designed to measure the relative size and nature of each of the major users of frozen fruits and berries. The aim of this survey is to answer the following questions: 1. How much frozen fruit is used in preserve manufacturing? 2. How does this volume of frozen fruits compare with the quantities of fresh and canned fruits used? 3. What suggestions does the preserving industry offer for improving frozen fruits to meet its needs? 4. What is the outlook for future use of frozen fruits in preserve manufacture? Information on fruit use was obtained from over 80 percent of the preserving firms in the United States by mail questionnaires and personal interviews.
Rare Events Statistics in Reaction--Diffusion Systems
Creators: name: Elgart, Vlad
name: Kamenev, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an efficient method to calculate probabilities of large deviations from the typical behavior (rare events) in reaction--diffusion systems. The method is based on a semiclassical treatment of underlying "quantum" Hamiltonian, encoding the system's evolution. To this end we formulate corresponding canonical dynamical system and investigate its phase portrait. The method is presented for a number of pedagogical examples.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
title: Governing domestic violence : 'doing' government, police realities and feminisms in policy activities
Creators: name: Estridge, Lydia Margaret
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: This thesis uses a discursive approach to examine how 'government', Chief Officer 'police realities' and 'feminisms' are accomplished as 'doings' in domestic violence policy activities across the decade 1990-2000. The main reasons for undertaking this research were absences in the governmentality literature around domestic violence, gender, analyses of power and changes in political government; unease about 'police culture' having slipped from currency in academic debate about the policing of domestic violence; and concern about what happens to feminisms in the government policy-making context. Drawing on domestic violence policy documents, produced in the period 1990-2000, my main arguments are that 'doing' government is largely demonstrable in the activities of problem formulation, constituting victims and forwarding 'working together'; and that much government truth-telling is founded on the claim of 'the already responsible government'. Chief Officers of police also self-present as already fulfilling their responsibilities; constituting their versions of reality through identity-work, boundary-work and the mobilisation of gender as an occasional resource. In contrast, 'doing' feminism seems less robust. It appears in organisational naming, forwarding causes of domestic violence which are not permissive of women blaming and formulating subjects of representation. But none of these activities are named as or bounded to 'feminism' per se. Changes in political government appear to impact differently on these various 'doings'. New Labour attempts to extend more control than the Conservatives over policy community members, gender(ed) understandings of domestic violence and local 'crime' matters. Chief Officers attune to shifts in government guidance but appear to use these truths in the service of their own transactional business. By comparison, shifts in the positions from which feminists speak appear to effect changes in their warranting strategies and exercisings of power. Thus there is a sense that 'feminisms' are perhaps the more malleable versions of reality in this context.