Torleya simbalbarensis Selvakumar, Subramanian, Martynov & Jacobus 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Martynov, Alexander V.
name: Selvakumar, C.
name: Subramanian, K. A.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.
name: Vasanth, M.
name: Sinha, Bikramjit
name: Jacobus, Luke M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Ephemerellidae
Torleya
Torleya simbalbarensis

description: Torleya simbalbarensis Selvakumar, Subramanian, Martynov & Jacobus, sp. nov.
(Figs 18, 19)
Type material. Holotype: larva, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Sirmour District, Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary, stream, 30.44°N, 77.53°E, 16.xi.2012, Coll. K.A. Subramanian — Reg. No. 5602/H13 [ZSI].
Description. Larva: body length 5.2 mm; caudal filaments 2.4 mm. Body color light brown (Figs 18A, 19A).
Head: Vertex with pair of well-developed and elongated protuberances. No ocellar protuberances. Inner margin of antennal base with short projections. Frontal shelf not expanded. Genae slightly produced.
Long hair-like setae present along anterior margin of frontal shelf and sparsely present below compound eye. Clypeus with anterior row of long hair-like setae. Labrum width nearly 2× length (Fig. 18B), with shallow, very broad notch anteriorly; dorsal face with scattered long, hair-like setae on lateral margin and with several rows of brush-like setae anteriorly; ventral face with simple or fimbriate setae on lateral margins and dense, transverse row of 7–9 long, stout setae. Hypopharynx (Fig. 18C) with superlinguae size subequal to linguae size; lingua with row of short setae on anterior margin; superlingua with row of long, thin setae on margin, with setae decreasing in length anteriorly. Mandibles with lateral setae relatively long (Fig. 18D, E). Maxilla without palp (Fig. 18G); apex of galea-lacinia relatively sharp with two incisors, and with few long, stout setae on apex; with two dentisetae and double row of four stout setae. Labium with glossae longer than wide (Fig. 18F), longer than paraglossae; palp segment III elongate, with length/width ratio 2.13–2.15.
Thorax: Prothorax width subequal to head width, with no anterolateral projections and three pairs of distinct dorsal tubercles; ventral spines absent. Mesonotum with two pairs of distinct, elongated, tubercles between fore wing pads; fore wing pads base darkly pigmented. Dorsal surface of thorax without any bifid or starlike setae. Coxae with slight dorsolateral projections; projections with hair-like setae. All femora slightly flattened (Fig. 19B–C). Dorsal surface of forefemur with incomplete, narrow, transverse band of long, pointed or bluntly pointed, apically stout setae (Fig. 19E); outer margin with middle-sized and long, hair-like setae and single chalaza bearing long, stout seta medially; inner margin with middle-sized and long, hair-like setae only; anterior margin with no dorsal projections (Fig. 19B). Dorsal surface of foretibia with two long, pointed, stout setae; outer margins of foretibia and tarsus with different-sized hair-like setae, most long; inner margins of fore tibia and fore tarsus with short, hair-like setae and row of short and middle-sized spine-like setae; distal end of inner margin of foretibia with group of stout setae. Foretibial projection short. Outer margins of middle and hind femora with several long, pointed, stout setae and different-sized hair-like setae, most long (Fig. 19C, D). Dorsal surfaces of middle and hind tibiae with several long, pointed, stout setae. Outer margins of middle and hind tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae, most long. Inner margins of middle and hind tibiae and tarsi with different-sized spine-like setae. Tarsal claws of all legs each with about 8 denticles and several subapical setae, without distal palisade of denticles (Fig. 19F).
Abdomen: Gill III brown, semi-operculate, without medial transverse band of weakened membrane (Fig. 19G); gills IV–VII translucent. Dorsal lamellae of gills IV–VI with small projection on posterior margin. Gills III–VI ventral lamellae bifid, with dorsal and ventral lobules; lobules tips acute. Gills VII narrow, with medial point of attachment to tergum. Terga I and II with long hair-like setae on posterior margins. Terga III–IX with pairs of welldeveloped, bluntly pointed submedian projections (Fig. 19A) bear few short and blunt stout setae; those of terga V– VIII most developed; on tergum VIII largest and directed most laterally; tergum IX with pair of short, blunt, median spines and weak, oblique ridges. Tergum X without paired submedian projections. Segments VI–VIII with lateral margins strongly upturned, forming outer portion of prominent gill chamber. Pairs of projections progressively larger posteriorly up to segment VIII and covered with short, blunt stout setae. Abdominal sterna flattened, with no maculation and no long setae. Caudal filaments pale, with dense whorls of long, stout, hair-like setae.
Adults: Unknown.
Diagnosis. Torleya simbalbarensis sp. nov. is easily distinguished from other Torleya species by the following combination of characters: (i) head with two pairs of suboccipital and occipital protuberances, second pair of protuberances well-developed and elongated; (ii) maxilla without palp (Fig. 18G); (iii) tarsal claws of all legs each with about 8 denticles and several subapical setae, without distal palisade of denticles (Fig. 19F); (iv) terga III–IX with pairs of well-developed, bluntly pointed submedian projections (Fig. 19A); those of terga V–VIII most developed; on tergum VIII largest and directed most laterally; tergum IX with pair of short, blunt, median spines and weak; (v) setation of femora; (vi) shape of gill III.
Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh.
Distribution. India.
Habitat. Fast flowing stream, with sand and cobble bottom, in Sal (Shorea robusta Roth) (Malvales: Dipterocarpaceae) forest (Fig. 20A).
Remarks. Notably, Torleya simbalbarensis sp. nov. has no distinct distal palisade of denticles on tarsal claw, which usually is present on other Asian species of the genus; however, it is possible the claws might be worn (Jacobus et al. 2004).
Torleya longforceps from Fujian, in far eastern China (Gui et al. 1999), is the only species of Torleya unknown in the larval stage, and we consider it unlikely (based on biogeography) to be conspecific with this new species, which is unknown as alates.
description: Published as part of Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Vasanth, M., Sinha, Bikramjit & Jacobus, Luke M., 2021, Overview of Indian Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with new species and records from related regions, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 4975 (3) on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4808307