cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New insights into the coevolutionary history of termites and their gut flagellates: Description of Retractinympha glossotermitis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Retractinymphidae fam. nov.)
Creators: name: Radek, Renate
name: Platt, Katja
name: Öztas, Deniz
name: Šobotník, Jan
name: Sillam-Dussès, David
name: Hanus, Robert
name: Brune, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: coevolution
subject: diversity
subject: Neoisoptera
subject: Parabasalia
subject: phylogeny
subject: Pseudotrichonympha
subject: transfaunation
subject: ultrastructure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Lower termites harbor diverse consortia of symbiotic gut flagellates. Despite numerous evidence for co-cladogenesis, the evolutionary history of these associations remains unclear. Here, we present Retractinymphidae fam. nov., a monogeneric lineage of Trichonymphida from Serritermitidae. Although Retractinympha glossotermitis gen. nov. sp. nov. morphologically resembles members of the genus Pseudotrichonympha, phylogenetic analysis identified it as sister group of the Teranymphidae. We compared morphology and ultrastructure of R. glossotermitis to that of Pseudotrichonympha and other Teranymphidae, including the so-far undescribed Pseudotrichonympha solitaria sp. nov. from Termitogeton planus (Rhinotermitidae). Like all Teranymphidae, R. glossotermitis is a large, elongated flagellate with a bilaterally symmetric rostrum, an anterior, flagella-free operculum, and an internal rostral tube. However, it is readily distinguished by the length of its rostral flagella, which never exceeds that of the postrostral flagella, and its retractable anterior end. Inclusion of the hitherto unstudied Stylotermes halumicus (Stylotermitidae) in our survey of trichonymphid flagellates in Neoisoptera confirmed that the combined presence of Heliconympha and Retractinympha and absence of Pseudotrichonympha is unique to Serritermitidae. The close phylogenetic relatedness of Heliconympha in Serritermitidae to the spirotrichosomid flagellates in Stolotermitidae provides strong support for their acquisition by horizontal transmission.
A quantum kinematics for asymptotically flat spacetimes
Creators: name: Campiglia, Miguel
name: Varadarajan, Madhavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a quantum kinematics for asymptotically flat spacetimes based on the Koslowski-Sahlmann (KS) representation. The KS representation is a generalization of the representation underlying Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) which supports, in addition to the usual LQG operators, the action of `background exponential operators' which are connection dependent operators labelled by `background' $su(2)$ electric fields. KS states have, in addition to the LQG state label corresponding to 1 dimensional excitations of the triad, a label corresponding to a `background' electric field which describes 3 dimensional excitations of the triad. Asymptotic behaviour in quantum theory is controlled through asymptotic conditions on the background electric fields which label the {\em states} and the background electric fields which label the {\em operators}. Asymptotic conditions on the triad are imposed as conditions on the background electric field state label while confining the LQG spin net graph labels to compact sets. We show that KS states can be realised as wave functions on a quantum configuration space of generalized connections and that the asymptotic behaviour of each such generalized connection is determined by that of the background electric fields which label the background exponential operators. Similar to the spatially compact case, the Gauss Law and diffeomorphism constraints are then imposed through Group Averaging techniques to obtain a large sector of gauge invariant states. It is shown that this sector supports a unitary action of the group of asymptotic rotations and translations and that, as anticipated by Friedman and Sorkin, for appropriate spatial topology, this sector contains states which display fermionic behaviour under $2π$ rotations.
description: 64 pages
Natural Language Processing of Aviation Occurrence Reports for Safety Management
Creators: name: Jonk, Patrick
name: de Vries, Vincent
name: Wever, Rombout
name: Sidiropoulos, Georgios
name: Kanoulas, Evangelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Occurrence reporting is a commonly used method in safety management systems to obtain insight in the prevalence of hazards and accident scenarios. In support of safety data analysis, reports are often categorized according to a taxonomy. However, the processing of the reports can require significant effort from safety analysts and a common problem is interrater variability in labeling processes. Also, in some cases, reports are not processed according to a taxonomy, or the taxonomy does not fully cover the contents of the documents. This paper explores various Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to support the analysis of aviation safety occurrence reports. In particular, the problems studied are the automatic labeling of reports using a classification model, extracting the latent topics in a collection of texts using a topic model and the automatic generation of probable cause texts. Experimental results showed that (i) under the right conditions the labeling of occurrence reports can be effectively automated with a transformer-based classifier, (ii) topic modeling can be useful for finding the topics present in a collection of reports, and (iii) using a summarization model can be a promising direction for generating probable cause texts.
Additional file 1 of Modulating ferroptosis sensitivity: environmental and cellular targets within the tumor microenvironment
Creators: name: Hua, Yuze
name: Yang, Sen
name: Zhang, Yalu
name: Li, Jiayi
name: Wang, Mengyi
name: Yeerkenbieke, Palashate
name: Liao, Quan
name: Liu, Qiaofei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 2 of Modulating ferroptosis sensitivity: environmental and cellular targets within the tumor microenvironment
Creators: name: Hua, Yuze
name: Yang, Sen
name: Zhang, Yalu
name: Li, Jiayi
name: Wang, Mengyi
name: Yeerkenbieke, Palashate
name: Liao, Quan
name: Liu, Qiaofei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Filamentous giant Beggiatoaceae from the Guaymas Basin are capable of both denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
Creators: name: MacGregor, B.J.
name: Hach, P.
name: Salman-Carvalho, V.
name: de Beer, D.
name: Schutte, C.A.
name: Teske, A.
name: Lavik, G.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2018

description: Filamentous large sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (FLSB) of the family Beggiatoaceae are globally distributed aquatic bacteria that can control geochemical fluxes from the sediment to the water column through their metabolic activity. FLSB mats from hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Mexico, typically have a "fried-egg" appearance, with orange filaments dominating near the center and wider white filaments at the periphery, likely reflecting areas of higher and lower sulfide fluxes, respectively. These FLSB store large quantities of intracellular nitrate that they use to oxidize sulfide. By applying a combination of 15N-labeling techniques and genome sequence analysis, we demonstrate that the white FLSB filaments were capable of reducing their intracellular nitrate stores to both nitrogen gas and ammonium by denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), respectively. On the other hand, our combined results show that the orange filaments were primarily capable of DNRA. Microsensor profiles through a laboratory-incubated white FLSB mat revealed a 2- to 3-mm vertical separation between the oxic and sulfidic zones. Denitrification was most intense just below the oxic zone, as shown by the production of nitrous oxide following exposure to acetylene, which blocks nitrous oxide reduction to nitrogen gas. Below this zone, a local pH maximum coincided with sulfide oxidation, consistent with nitrate reduction by DNRA. The balance between internally and externally available electron acceptors (nitrate) and electron donors (reduced sulfur) likely controlled the end product of nitrate reduction both between orange and white FLSB mats and between different spatial and geochemical niches within the white FLSB mat.
Kernel density estimation of a multidimensional efficiency profile
Creators: name: Poluektov, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kernel density estimation is a convenient way to estimate the probability density of a distribution given the sample of data points. However, it has certain drawbacks: proper description of the density using narrow kernels needs large data samples, whereas if the kernel width is large, boundaries and narrow structures tend to be smeared. Here, an approach to correct for such effects, is proposed that uses an approximate density to describe narrow structures and boundaries. The approach is shown to be well suited for the description of the efficiency shape over a multidimensional phase space in a typical particle physics analysis. An example is given for the five-dimensional phase space of the $Λ_b^0\to D^0pπ$ decay.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to be submitted to JINST
Atomistic analysis of the impact of alloy and well-width fluctuations on the electronic and optical properties of InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Creators: name: Schulz, Stefan
name: Caro, Miguel A.
name: Coughlan, Conor
name: O'Reilly, Eoin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an atomistic description of the electronic and optical properties of $\text{In}_{0.25}\text{Ga}_{0.75}$N/GaN quantum wells. Our analysis accounts for fluctuations of well width, local alloy composition, strain and built-in field fluctuations as well as Coulomb effects. We find a strong hole and much weaker electron wave function localization in InGaN random alloy quantum wells. The presented calculations show that while the electron states are mainly localized by well-width fluctuations, the holes states are already localized by random alloy fluctuations. These localization effects affect significantly the quantum well optical properties,leading to strong inhomogeneous broadening of the lowest interband transition energy. Our results are compared with experimental literature data.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Relative importance of methylotrophic methanogenesis in sediments of the Western Mediterranean Sea
Creators: name: Lazar, C.S.
name: Wendt, J.
name: Samarkin, V.A.
name: Heuer, V.B.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Elvert, M.
name: Goldhammer, T.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Zhuang, G.-C.
name: Hinrichs, K.-U.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Microbial production of methane is an important terminal metabolic process during organic matter degradation in marine sediments. It is generally acknowledged that hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis constitute the dominant pathways of methane production; the importance of methanogenesis from methylated compounds remains poorly understood. We conducted various biogeochemical and molecular genetic analyses to characterize substrate availability, rates of methanogenesis, and methanogen community composition, and further evaluated the contribution of different substrates and pathways for methane production in deltaic surface and subsurface sediments of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Major substrates representing three methanogenic pathways, including H2, acetate, and methanol, trimethylamine (TMA), and dimethylsulfide (DMS), were detected in the pore waters and sediments, and exhibited variability over depth and between sites. In accompanying incubation experiments, methanogenesis rates from various 14C labeled substrates varied as well, suggesting that environmental factors, such as sulfate concentration and organic matter quality, could significantly influence the relative importance of individual pathway. In particular, methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis contributed to the presence of micromolar methane concentrations in the sulfate reduction zone, with methanogenesis from methanol accounting for up to 98% of the total methane production in the topmost surface sediment. In the sulfate-depleted zone, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant methanogenic pathway (67–98%), and enhanced methane production from acetate was observed in organic-rich sediment (up to 31%). Methyl coenzyme M reductase gene (mcrA) analysis revealed that the composition of methanogenic communities was generally consistent with the distribution of methanogenic activity from different substrates. This study provides the first quantitative assessment of methylotrophic methanogenesis in marine sediments and has important implications for marine methane cycling. The occurrence of methylotrophic methanogenesis in surface sediments could fuel the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the shallow sulfate reduction zone. Release of methane produced from methylotrophic methanogenesis could be a source of methane efflux to the water column, thus influencing the benthic methane budgets.
Top cross section in the LHeC and FCC-he energy range
Creators: name: Boroun, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictions of the top-pair production cross section in electron-proton (ep) collisions at the future circular collider hadron-electron (FCC-he) and the large hadron electron collider (LHeC) in the leading order (LO) and the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximations in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are presented. Numerical results for the top structure functions and the ratio of structure functions are computed at the renormalization scale $μ^{2}=Q^{2}+4m^{2}_{t}$ in the collinear generalized double asymptotic scaling (DAS) approach. These results are presented in terms of the effective parameters of the parameterization of $F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$, where relying on a Froissart-bounded. These quantitative results can be important for future collider experiments at the center-of-mass energy frontier and the improvement of the phenomenological models for the development of the cosmic ray cascades in ultra-high-energy domain. We obtained the uncertainties because of the power-law behavior $x^{-Δ}$ of the collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), the factorization, and renormalization scales, on the top properties at high inelasticity for the FCC-he center-of-mass (CM) energy at the NLO approximation.
description: Will be appear in PLB
Morphology and Optical Properties of Thin Cd3As2 Films of a Dirac Semimetal Compound
Creators: name: Kovaleva, Natalia
name: Fekete, Ladislav
name: Chvostova, Dagmar
name: Muratov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and wide-band (0.02-8.5 eV) spectroscopic ellipsometry techniques we investigated morphology and optical properties of Cd3As2 films grown by non-reactive rf magnetron sputtering on two types of oriented crystalline substrates (100)p-Si and (001) alpha-Al2O3. The AFM study revealed grainy morphology of the films due to island incorporation during the film growth. The complex dielectric function spectra of the annealed Cd3As2/Al2O3 films manifest pronounced interband optical transitions at 1.2 and 3.0 eV, in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations for the body centered tetragonal Cd3As2 crystal structure. We discovered that due to electronic excitations to the Cd(s) conical bands the low-energy absorption edge of the annealed Cd3As2 films reveals linear dependence. We found that for the annealed Cd3As2 films the Cd(s) conical node may be shifted in energy by about 0.08-0.18 eV above the heavy-flat As(p) valence band, determining the optical gap value. The as-grown Cd3As2 films exhibit the pronounced changes of the electronic band structure due to doping effect associated with Cd non-stoichiometry, where fine-tuning of Cd concentration may result in the gapless electronic band structure of Dirac semimetals.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic archaea in organic-poor sediments of the eastern equatorial pacific ocean (Odp site 1225)
Creators: name: Sørensen, K.B.
name: Teske, A.
name: Lauer, A.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2016

description: Sequencing surveys of microbial communities in marine subsurface sediments have focused on organic-rich, continental margins; the database for organic-lean deep-sea sediments from mid-ocean regions is underdeveloped. The archaeal community in subsurface sediments of ODP Site 1225 in the eastern equatorial Pacific (3760 m water depth; 1.1 and 7.8 m sediment depth) was analyzed by PCR, cloning and sequencing, and by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. Three uncultured archaeal lineages with different depth distributions were found: Marine Group I (MG-I) within the Thaumarchaeota, its sister lineage Marine Benthic Group A (MBG-A), the phylum-level archaeal lineage Marine Benthic Group B (also known as Deep-Sea Archaeal Group or Lokiarchaeota), and the Deep-Sea Euryarchaeotal Group 3. The MG-I phylotypes included representatives of sediment clusters that are distinct from the pelagic members of this phylum. On the scale from fully oxidized, extremely organic carbon-depleted sediments (for example, those the South Pacific Gyre) to fully reduced, organic carbon-rich marine subsurface sediments (such as those of the Peru Margin), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1225 falls into the non-extreme organic carbon-lean category, and harbors archaeal communities from both ends of the spectrum.
Holographic p-wave superconductor models with Weyl corrections
Creators: name: Zhang, Lu
name: Pan, Qiyuan
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the Weyl corrections on the holographic p-wave dual models in the backgrounds of AdS soliton and AdS black hole via a Maxwell complex vector field model by using the numerical and analytical methods. We find that, in the soliton background, the Weyl corrections do not influence the properties of the holographic p-wave insulator/superconductor phase transition, which is different from that of the Yang-Mills theory. However, in the black hole background, we observe that similar to the Weyl correction effects in the Yang-Mills theory, the higher Weyl corrections make it easier for the p-wave metal/superconductor phase transition to be triggered, which shows that these two p-wave models with Weyl corrections share some similar features for the condensation of the vector operator.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
The discovery and application of metal-free cyclobutanol ring expansion reactions
Creators: name: Natho, Philipp
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Cyclobutanol ring expansions have emerged as a powerful tool to access functionalised five- and six-membered rings and have thus, in particular over the last decade, attracted considerable interest from the synthetic community. Despite the surge of novel methodologies for the expansion of four-membered rings reported, those enabling the expansion to benzofused cyclohexanones (tetralones) remain notably underdeveloped. Herein, the discovery and development of functional group-tolerant, mild synthetic methodologies for the cyclobutanol ring expansion to tetralones is described. Initially, a regioselective N-bromosuccinimide-mediated cyclobutanol ring expansion to heteroaryl-fused tetralones is reported, which is characterised by its notably short reaction durations. Investigations into optimal reaction conditions, the substrate scope, and the underlying mechanism are detailed here. Our understanding gained through these studies culminated in the application of this methodology to the total synthesis of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor carbazomycin B. Then, in collaboration with Alessia Petti and Dr Kevin Lam from the University of Greenwich, a mild electrochemical cyclobutanol ring expansion to 1-tetralones was developed. This enabled the extension of the ring expansion substrate scope, as a variety of electronically and sterically different aryl-substituted cyclobutanols were found to be suitable ring expansion precursors. In addition, studies towards the total synthesis of the perfumery agent myrrhone are described.
Long-term Energy-Water-Land System Modeling: A case for Ethiopia
Creators: name: KEBEDE, Fitsum S.
name: Tesfamichael, Brook
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Energy mix
CLEWs
Biofuel
Marginal land
Nexus modelling

description: The intention of this work is to provide policy insights for energy, land, and water systems in Ethiopia using the CLEWs model by taking into account the country’s plan to decarbonize the transportation sector by using biofuel and for efficient utilization of marginal land for biofuel development. The study examines three scenarios: Business-As-Usual (BAU-modified), Transport De-Carbonization (TDC-biofuel), and Integrated Energy-Land Efficiency (IE-LE). With the BAU demonstrating a cost-optimal benchmark model, the TDC is aimed to support the Ethiopian government's plan to blend biofuel (bio-ethanol) in the transportation fossil fuel (gasoline)-based sector at a rate of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% in the period 2020-2025, 2026-2030, 2031-2035, 2036-2040, 2041-2045 and 2046-2050 respectively. The IE-LE scenario is associated with the utilization of 3% of the marginal land area identified by the government for the cultivation of biofuel feedstock. The model outputs show that there should be an improvement in the energy mix of the country for sustainable supply and climate mitigation. Moreover, the use of marginal lands is highly recommended than utilization of virgin forestland for biofuel feedstock development; the results show that the marginal land could be sufficient to operationalize blending. Moreover, the government's plan to use sugarcane as biomass for bioethanol production needs to be revised as this feedstock alone is not satisfactory to meet the anticipated biofuel blending demand.
Electron production by sensitizing gold nanoparticles irradiated by fast ions
Creators: name: Verkhovtsev, Alexey V.
name: Korol, Andrei V.
name: Solov'yov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The yield of electrons generated by gold nanoparticles due to irradiation by fast charged projectiles is estimated. The results of calculations are compared to those obtained for pure water medium. It is demonstrated that a significant increase in the number of emitted electrons arises from collective electron excitations in the nanoparticle. The dominating enhancement mechanisms are related to the formation of (i) plasmons excited in a whole nanoparticle, and (ii) atomic giant resonances due to excitation of d electrons in individual atoms. Decay of the collective electron excitations in a nanoparticle embedded in a biological medium thus represents an important mechanism of the low-energy electron production. Parameters of the utilized model approach are justified through the calculation of the photoabsorption spectra of several gold nanoparticles, performed by means of time-dependent density-functional theory.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Carbon Depletion in the Early Solar System
Creators: name: Binkert, Fabian
name: Birnstiel, Til
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earth and other rocky objects in the inner Solar System are depleted in carbon compared to objects in the outer Solar System, the Sun, or the ISM. It is believed that this is a result of the selective removal of refractory carbon from primordial circumstellar material. In this work, we study the irreversible release of carbon into the gaseous environment via photolysis and pyrolysis of refractory carbonaceous material during the disk phase of the early Solar System. We analytically solve the one-dimensional advection equation and derive an explicit expression that describes the depletion of carbonaceous material in solids under the influence of radial and vertical transport. We find both depletion mechanisms individually fail to reproduce Solar System abundances under typical conditions. While radial transport only marginally restricts photodecomposition, it is the inefficient vertical transport that limits carbon depletion under these conditions. We show explicitly that an increase in the vertical mixing efficiency, and/or an increase in the directly irradiated disk volume, favors carbon depletion. Thermal decomposition requires a hot inner disk (> 500 K) beyond 3 AU to deplete the formation region of Earth and chondrites. We find FU Ori-type outbursts to produce these conditions such that moderately refractory compounds are depleted. However, such outbursts likely do not deplete the most refractory carbonaceous compounds beyond the innermost disk region. Hence, the refractory carbon abundance at 1 AU typically does not reach terrestrial levels. Nevertheless, under specific conditions, we find photolysis and pyrolysis combined to reproduce Solar System abundances.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Perusing Buchbinder--Lyakhovich canonical formalism for Higher-Order Theories of Gravity
Creators: name: Saha, Dalia
name: Sanyal, Abhik Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ostrogradsky's, Dirac's and Horowitz's techniques of higher order theories of gravity produce identical phase-space structures. The problem is manifested in the case of Gauss-Bonnet-dilatonic coupled action in the presence of higher-order term, in which case, classical correspondence can't be established. Here, we explore yet another technique developed by Buchbinder and his collaborators (BL) long back and show that it also suffers from the same disease. However, expressing the action in terms of the three-space curvature, and removing "the total derivative terms", if Horowitz's formalism or even Dirac's constraint analysis is pursued, all pathologies disappear. Here we show that the same is true for BL formalism, which appears to be the simplest of all the techniques, to handle.
description: 19 pages, 0 figure
A point of view on machine learning for GNC for space applications: towards non linear control
Creators: name:  M. GANET-SCHOELLER
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: FLIGHT DYNAMICS
GNC
AVIONICS
CONTROL
GUIDANCE

description: Autonomous Guidance Navigation and Control (GNC) for space vehicles covers a complete new GNC strategy including on-board health monitoring ability, decision-making algorithms and long horizon strategies for reconfiguration. The key features would be a new concept with less robust design (nominal or reduced domain) and more adaptive and/or learning parts. This concept would be drastically less expensive during the design phase and safer in case of failure. Within the framework of its research activities, ArianeGroup has been investigating intelligent methods for GNC for many years. Our philosophy is to take advantage of recent advances in Artificial Intelligence to find new GNC strategies, with a specific focus on machine learning developments. In the frame of this paper, we focus on developing enhanced controllers that outperform the ones synthetized with classic feedback control techniques. A technological survey lead us to focus on neural networks structures trained by reinforcement learning techniques for Non Linear Control. The application of these techniques to a simple, yet representative, industrial study case of launcher upper stage control gives insight on the methodology, and, opens interesting perspectives in coupling Artificial Intelligence and Automatic control.
The role of NLRP7 in maternal imprinting and early embryonic development
Creators: name: Zhi, Huihan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: NLRP7 is a maternal effect gene in humans whose mutations are responsible for a rare abnormal pregnancy with familial predisposition, biparental complete hydatidiform mole (BiCHM). Given BiCHM exhibits a similar pathology to androgenetic CHM, including overgrowth of trophoblast tissues and dysregulated maternal imprinting, NLRP7 is thought to play an important role in meditating maternal imprinting and early embryonic development in humans. However, due to the lack of rodent models and limited human materials, it has not been possible to reveal the mechanistic function of NLRP7 in maternal imprinting. In this project, hESCs are used as a model system, to investigate the role of NLRP7 in maternal imprinting and its potential relationship with other imprinting modulators, particularly DNMT3L. Firstly, SNPs were identified in selected imprinted genes in hESCs, so that it was feasible to distinguish their two alleles in imprinting studies. In addition, naïve conversion of hESC was achieved to mimic, at least partly, the process of global DNA demethylation, which would enable them to be used to investigate the possible role of NLRP7 in maintaining maternal imprinting during this process. When NLRP7 was overexpressed in hESCs, it showed partial protection of maternal imprinting from global demethylation after naïve conversion, indicating that NLRP7 may be involved in protecting maternally imprinted genes from global demethylation. Furthermore, by analysing gene expression profiles of imprinting related genes, the expression of NLRP7 and DNMT3L were found to be correlated during early embryonic development and the naïve conversion process; and overexpression of NLRP7 can upregulate DNMT3L mRNA expression, which implies a potential link between them. Consequently, my findings demonstrate the possibility of employing hESCs as an alternative and unlimited resource to study NLRP7 in future. More importantly, this is the first time NLRP7 has been shown to directly protect maternally imprinted genes from global demethylation.
Significant CO2 photoreduction on a high-entropy oxynitride
Creators: name: Akrami, Saeid
name: Edalati, Parisa
name: Shundo, Yu
name: Watanabe, Motonori
name: Ishihara, Tatsumi
name: Fuji, Masayoshi
name: Edalati, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO$_2$ photoreduction on photocatalysts is a nature-friendly solution to decrease the CO$_2$ amount, but the method still has low efficiency because of difficult separation and easy recombination of charge carriers in available catalysts. In this study, a high-entropy oxynitride was introduced as an active photocatalyst for photoreduction. The material had a chemical composition of TiZrNbHfTaO$_6$N$_3$ and was produced by a high-pressure torsion method followed by oxidation and nitriding. It showed higher photocatalytic CO$_2$ to CO conversion compared to corresponding high-entropy oxide, benchmark photocatalyst P25 TiO$_2$, and almost all catalysts introduced in the literature. The high activity of this oxynitride, which also showed good chemical stability, was attributed to the large absorbance of light and easy separation of electrons and holes, the low recombination of charge carriers, and the high CO$_2$ adsorption on the surface. These findings introduce high-entropy oxynitrides as promising photocatalysts for CO$_2$ photoreduction.
Additional file 16 of GRAS gene family in rye (Secale cereale L.): genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses
Creators: name: Fan, Yu
name: Wan, Xianqi
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Zhang, Jieyu
name: Zheng, Chunyu
name: Yang, Qiaohui
name: Yang, Li
name: Li, Xiaolong
name: Feng, Liang
name: Zou, Liang
name: Xiang, Dabing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Supplementary Material 16: Figure S1. Multiple sequence alignments of the GRAS domains of the members of 13 phylogenetic subfamilies of the ScGRAS protein family. The scheme at the top depicts the locations and boundaries of the LHR I, VHIID, LHR II, PFYRE, and SAW regions in the GRAS domain. Figure S2. Conserved sequence logo of GRAS proteins in rye. Figure S3. Conserved sequence logo in seven species. Figure S4. The correlations of 19 S. cereale GRAS genes in several plant organs. Figure S5. The correlations of 19 S. cereale GRAS genes during grain development. Figure S6. Gene expression of 19 S. cereale GRAS genes during six abiotic stresses (UV-A, flooding, PEG, NaCl, heat, and cold) at the seedling stage. The expression patterns of 19 S. cereale GRAS genes in leaf, root, and stem organs were examined via qRT-PCR. Error bars were obtained from three measurements. Lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences (? = 0.05, LSD) among the treatments. Figure S7. The correlations of 19 S. cereale GRAS genes in several abiotic stresses. Figure S8. Correlation network of the expression of ScGRAS family members in grains treated with different hormones. Among them, A, B, C and D are abscisic acid, gibberellin, auxin and paclobutrazol respectively. Figure S9. Unrooted phylogenetic tree showing relationships among GRAS genes of S. cereale (Weining and Lo7), A. thaliana and O. sativa. Figure S10. Synteny analyses of the GRAS genes between Weining and Lo7
Note on the phase space of asymptotically flat gravity in Ashtekar-Barbero variables
Creators: name: Campiglia, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the canonical phase space of asymptotically flat gravity in Ashtekar-Barbero variables. We show that the Gauss constraint multiplier must fall off slower than previously considered in order to recover ADM phase space. The generators of the asymptotic Poincare group are derived within the Ashtekar-Barbero phase space without reference to the ADM generators. The resulting expressions are shown to agree, modulo Gauss constraint terms, with those obtained from the ADM generators. A payoff of this procedure is a new expression for the generator of asymptotic rotations which is polynomial in the triad and hence better suited for quantum theory. Our treatment complements earlier description by Thiemann in the context of self-dual variables.
description: 18 pages
Dynamical multifractal zeta-functions and fine multifractal spectra of graph-directed self-conformal constructions
Creators: name: Mijovic, Vuksan
name: Olsen, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A78, 37D30, 37A45

description: We introduce multifractal pressure and dynamical multifractal zeta-functions providing precise information of a very general class of multifractal spectra, including, for example, the fine multifractal spectra of graph-directed self-conformal measures and the fine multifractal spectra of ergodic Birkhoff averages of continuous functions on graph-directed self-conformal sets.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1309.7865
Molecular gas cloud properties at $z\simeq 1$ revealed by the superb angular resolution achieved with ALMA and gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava
name: Richard, Johan
name: Combes, Françoise
name: Messa, Matteo
name: Nagy, David
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Adamo, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current observations favour that the massive ultraviolet-bright clumps with a median stellar mass of $\sim 10^7~M_{\odot}$, ubiquitously observed in $z\sim 1-3$ galaxies, are star-forming regions formed in-situ in galaxies. It has been proposed that they result from gas fragmentation due to gravitational instability of gas-rich, turbulent, high-redshift discs. We bring support to this scenario by reporting the new discovery of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the strongly lensed, clumpy, main-sequence galaxy, A521-sys1, at $z=1.043$. Its CO(4-3) emission was mapped with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of $0.19''\times 0.16''$, reading down to 30~pc thanks to gravitational lensing. We identified 14 GMCs, most being virialized, with $10^{5.9}- 10^{7.9}~M_{\odot}$ masses and a median $800~M_{\odot}~\rm{pc}^{-2}$ molecular gas mass surface density, that are, respectively, 100 and 10 times higher than for local GMCs. They are also characterized by 10 times higher supersonic turbulence with a median Mach number of 60. They end up to fall above the Larson scaling relations, similarly to the GMCs in another clumpy $z\simeq 1$ galaxy, the Cosmic Snake, although noteworthy differences between the two sets of high-redshift GMCs exist. Altogether they support that GMCs form with properties that adjust to the ambient interstellar medium conditions prevalent in the host galaxy whatever its redshift. The detected A521-sys1 GMCs are massive enough to be the parent gas clouds of stellar clumps, with a relatively high star-formation efficiency per free-fall time of $\sim 11$ per cent.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, in press
Clean Cooking Solutions in Kenya with OnStove
Creators: name: Lowoi, Clarrison Esuguru
name: Cherotich, Maua Cynthia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clean Cooking
Onstove
Kenya

description: The poster shows the current clean cooking situation in Kenya and its developmenta challenges including health, tgender, time, environmetal and climate burden. Our scenarios focus on energy transition from current poor cooking fuels to clean cooking stoves i.e, LPG(Private Scenario) and eCooking(Social Scenario) with OnStove. The results highlighted the maximum net-benefits of using LPG and Electricity for cooking including the number of deaths avoided per year, health costs, emissions avoided and time saved. Policy insights should be incorporated to ensure a smooth transition to clean cooking technologies. These include expanding the Pay As You Go Business Model (M-gas) that cuts the initial cost of the LPG gas and the Pika na Power program that reaches rural areas through local sales of eCooking appliances, cooking demonstrations and after sales services.
Invasive plant removal strategies and native plant community recovery in Ontario, Canada
Creators: name: Bennett, Lindsay
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020

description: The introduction and spread of invasive species are of major conservation concern. Invasive plant species are hypothesized to impact the population dynamics of native flora, including species at risk (SAR), and may disrupt the functioning of the plant communities which they invade. Some native plant populations may be more vulnerable due to pre-existing factors such as fragmented habitat, poor competitive nature, and/or limited geographical ranges. Because of this, the presence of one or more invasive species is frequently cited as a leading cause of at-risk species decline. However, the actual evidence for this link is weak and the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, I aimed to (1) determine the effect of invasive management schemes on the recovery of native plant communities and to (2) examine the role of factors such as method of removal and duration of invasive removal at two conservation areas in southern Ontario. After 12 candidate study areas were surveyed, two were chosen for the study (for logistical reasons). Specifically, pairs of ‘control’ and ‘invasive’ removal sites were established at St. Williams Conservation Reserve, near Turkey Point Provincial Park, ON (N = 10) and Bruce Peninsula National Park, ON (N = 8) through May - August 2018. Plots were surveyed for native and invasive plant species richness and abundance using transect methods. I found a significant difference in the abundance of native and invasive plants between control and treatment plots at St. Williams Conservation Reserve and Bruce Peninsula National Park, although the trends were in the opposite direction. Neither site had a significant difference in plant diversity between treatment types. I discuss my findings in light of the differences in land use history and management at the two areas and their implications for invasive removal schemes to manage for native plant conservation.
Enrichment of fusobacteria in sea surface oil slicks from the deepwater horizon oil spill
Creators: name: Teske, A.
name: Gutierrez, T.
name: Aitken, M.D.
name: Berry, D.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2016

description: The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill led to rapid microbial community shifts in the Gulf of Mexico, including the formation of unprecedented quantities of marine oil snow (MOS) and of a massive subsurface oil plume. The major taxa that bloomed in sea surface oil slicks during the spill included Cycloclasticus, and to a lesser extent Halomonas, Alteromonas, and Pseudoalteromonas—organisms that grow and degrade oil hydrocarbons aerobically. Here, we show that sea surface oil slicks at DWH contained obligate and facultative anaerobic taxa, including members of the obligate anaerobic phylum Fusobacteria that are commonly found in marine sediment environments. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Fusobacteria were strongly selected for when sea surface oil slicks were allowed to develop anaerobically. These organisms have been found in oil-contaminated sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, in deep marine oil reservoirs, and other oil-contaminated sites, suggesting they have putative hydrocarbon-degrading qualities. The occurrence and strong selection for Fusobacteria in a lab-based incubation of a sea surface oil slick sample collected during the spill suggests that these organisms may have become enriched in anaerobic zones of suspended particulates, such as MOS. Whilst the formation and rapid sinking of MOS is recognised as an important mechanism by which a proportion of the Macondo oil had been transported to the sea floor, its role in potentially transporting microorganisms, including oil-degraders, from the upper reaches of the water column to the seafloor should be considered. The presence of Fusobacteria on the sea surface—a highly oxygenated environment—is intriguing, and may be explained by the vertical upsurge of oil that provided a carrier to transport these organisms from anaerobic/micro-aerophilic zones in the oil plume or seabed to the upper reaches of the water column. We also propose that the formation of rapidly-sinking MOS may have re-transported these, and other microbial taxa, to the sediment in the Gulf of Mexico.
A novel transparent and flexible pressure sensor for the human machine interface
Creators: name: Watts, Elena Eva
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The movement towards flexible and transparent electronics for use in displays, electronic skins, musical instruments and automotive industries, demands electrical components such as pressure sensors to evolve alongside circuitry and electrodes to ensure a fully flexible and transparent system. In the past, piezoresistive pressure sensors made with flexible electrodes have been fabricated, however, many of these systems are opaque. For the first time, we present a technology that exploits the natural self-assembly of polystyrene nanospheres to reproducibly create nanostructured materials to be used in optically transparent pressure sensors with sensing performance comparable to opaque industry standards. The performance of the piezoresistive pressure sensor relies on uniform elastic nano-dome arrays. A thin and homogeneous lining of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) renders the domes conductive and retains the transparent and flexible qualities of the underlying polymer. The film transparency is primarily dependant on PEDOT:PSS film thickness where transparencies as high as 79.3 \% are achieved for films of less than 100 nm in thickness. The sensors demonstrate a resistance response across the force range appropriate for all human machine interface interactions, which correspond here to 0.07 to 26 N. The fabrication process involves the creation of an electroactive mould which is used to create nanostructred polymer layers. To enable mould reuse and enhance process efficiency, an anti-adhesive treatment in the form of a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiols has been developed. Three chain lengths for the alkanethiol of chemical structure H$_{3}$C-(CH$_{2}$)$_{n}$-SH where n = 3, 5, and 11 are investigated and SAM functionalisation is confirmed with XPS. Peel tests prove that all three are effective at preventing adhesion between the mould and PEDOT:PSS and the treatment is shown not to be detrimental to the polymer electrodeposition process. An adapted fabrication procedure with custom designed electrode housing enables larger samples to be created for prototype devices. A simple functional prototype in the form of a multi-pixel force sensor atop of an LED display is successfully designed and fabricated to highlight the technology for use at the human machine interface.