cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chaotic neural networks and multi-dimensional data analysis in biometric applications
Creators: name: Ahmadian, Kushan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 135-142
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Humans have used body characteristics such as face, v01ce and gait. Although biometrics emerged from its extensive use in law enforcement (to identify criminals, to provide security clearance for employees in border protection, in fatherhood determination, forensics and positive identification of convicts), it is being increasingly used today to establish person recognition in a large number of civilian applications. In a practical biometric system (i.e., a system that employs biometrics for personal recognition), there are a number of important issues that should be considered, including performance (achievable recognition accuracy and speed) and circumvention (system resistance to noise and to being fooled by fraudulent methods). In order for biometric system to meet the above demands on performance and circumvention, more than one type of biometric is required. Hence, the need arises for the use of multi-modal biometrics, which is a combination of different biometric recognition technologies, varying from physical biometrics (such as face, iris and fingerprint recognition) to behavioral characteristics (i.e. signature, voice, and gate). Acquiring a group of different biometrics with different characteristics and specifications, results in a number of issues that should be addressed in a multi-modal biometric system. In such a system, one of the common problems is the high dimensionality of the data which impacts negatively system performance. Hence, dimensionality reduction methodologies are needed to be used. However, they have not been considered in recent multi-modal biometric systems due to gap between recently developed dimensionality reduction techniques in data mining and data analysis of biometric features. To remedy this situation, I propose a new methodology for shrinking down the finite search space of all possible subspaces by focusing on subspace analysis which is a novel approach in data clustering for biometric dataset. This is also a new contribution in biometric fusion methodology, which allows dealing with noisy data and makes the biometric system more error-proof. In summary, the purpose of this research is to develop a novel methodology based on the subspace clustering dimension reduction technique and chaotic neural network to improve the performance and circumvention of multi-modal biometric system. The focus is on the verification process where the proposed methodology is compared against some distinguished works on multi-modal biometrics. The system implementation and comparison criteria are included in this proposal to validate the developed multi-modal verification system.
Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeless youth
Creators: name: Naranbhai, Vivek
name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
name: Meyer-Weitz, Anna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: There have been a limited number of  rigorously conducted interventions to modify the sexual behaviour of homeless youth 12-24 years of age to prevent them from acquiring HIV.  More research is required to identify effective strategies for this population. In this review, we systematically searched published and unpublished accounts of interventions that had been rigorously tested . We found three eligible independently conducted randomised controlled trials testing three different interventions. All three were conducted in the United States, amongst a total of 615 homeless, male and female youth. Due to the varied delivery of interventions, outcome measurement and reporting, we were unable to aggregate outcomes to estimate summary of effect measures. The significant risk of bias associated with the three included studies and their heterogeneity necessitate caution in interpreting the effectiveness of interventions to modify sexual risk behaviour for preventing HIV in homeless youth. While studies among homeless youth are highly challenging, future trials should comply with rigorous methodology in design, delivery, outcome measurement and reporting as well as consider the changing facets of homeless youth when designing HIV prevention tools.
Present-day cosmic abundances. A comprehensive study of nearby early B-type stars and implications for stellar and Galactic evolution and interstellar dust models
Creators: name: Nieva, Maria-Fernanda
name: Przybilla, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. A sample of early B-type stars in OB associations and the field within the solar neighbourhood is studied comprehensively. Present-day abundances for the astrophysically most interesting chemical elements are derived. Methods. High-resolution and high-S/N spectra of early B-type stars are analysed in NLTE. Atmospheric parameters are derived from the simultaneous establishment of independent indicators, from multiple ionization equilibria and the hydrogen Balmer lines. Results. Teff is constrained to 1-2% and logg to less than 15% uncertainty. Absolute values for metal abundances are determined to better than 25% uncertainty. The synthetic spectra match the observations reliably over almost the entire visual spectral range. Conclusions. A present-day cosmic abundance standard is established. Our results i) resolve the discrepancy between a chemical homogeneous local gas-phase ISM and a chemically inhomogeneous young stellar component, ii) facilitate the amount of heavy elements locked up in the interstellar dust to be constrained precisely: carbonaceous dust is largely destroyed inside the Orion HII region, unlike the silicates, and that graphite is only a minority species in interstellar dust -, iii) show that the mixing of CNO-burning products in the course of massive star evolution follows tightly the predicted nuclear path, iv) provide reliable present-day reference points for anchoring Galactic chemical evolution models to observation, and v) imply that the Sun has migrated outwards from the inner Galactic disk over its lifetime from a birthplace at a distance around 5-6 kpc from the Galactic Centre; a cancellation of the effects of Galactic chemical evolution and abundance gradients leads to the similarity of solar and present-day cosmic abundances in the solar neighbourhood, with a telltaling signature of the Sun's origin left in the C/O ratio. (ABRIDGED)
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, published in A&A. A complete version (57 pages, 17 figures) including online material can be downloaded from http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~nieva/8158.pdf
Characterizing T₂ distributions in healthy white matter
Creators: name: Russell-Schulz, Bretta Adrianne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Quantitative T₂ measurements in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information about water environments in biological structures. Here, an extended Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence (CPMG) with echoes out to 1120ms was used to characterize Long-T₂ times of healthy white matter in brain. One of the white matter structures, the corticospinal tract (CST), was previously found to be bright on T₂-weighted images and myelin water fraction (MWF) images. The intra-/extra- cellular water (IE) T₂ peak of the CST was found to be broadened in comparison to that from other white matter structures and often split into two distinct peaks. In the CST, it appeared that the intracellular and extracellular water environments had different T₂ times, causing the intracellular water peak to be pushed down into the myelin water T₂ regime and the extracellular peak to be pushed up to higher T₂ times. The conventional T₂ limits of 10−40ms used for the MWF at 1.5T result in an artificial increase in MWF, which causes the CST to be bright on myelin water images. When the upper limit of the MWF range was decreased to 25ms, the CST exhibited MWF values similar to those found for adjacent anterior and posterior regions. Using T₂ time of 25ms for the myelin water (MW) upper limit and IE lower limit, a moderately strong relationship between IE geometric mean T₂ (GMT₂) and MW was found across all structures and subjects. This relationship did not necessarily hold when examined across subjects within individual structures The relationship between IE GMT₂ and MWF could arise from a non-biological source, such as the algorithm used in calculating T₂ or from a biological source, such as exchange between the water environments or increased extracellular water. Based on our results the fitting algorithm does not appear to be responsible for this relationship based on our results. However, either varying amounts of extracellular water or exchange between MW and IE could explain this relationship.
Super-rough phase of the random-phase sine-Gordon model: Two-loop results
Creators: name: Ristivojevic, Zoran
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Wiese, Kay Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the two-dimensional random-phase sine-Gordon and study the vicinity of its glass transition temperature $T_c$, in an expansion in small $τ=(T_c-T)/T_c$, where $T$ denotes the temperature. We derive renormalization group equations in cubic order in the anharmonicity, and show that they contain two universal invariants. Using them we obtain that the correlation function in the super-rough phase for temperature $T} = \mathcal{A}\ln^2(|x|/a) + \mathcal{O}[\ln(|x|/a)]$, where the amplitude $\mathcal{A}$ is a universal function of temperature $\mathcal{A}=2τ^2-2τ^3+\mathcal{O}(τ^4)$. This result differs at two-loop order, i.e., $\mathcal{O}(τ^3)$, from the prediction based on results from the "nearly conformal" field theory of a related fermion model. We also obtain the correction-to-scaling exponent.
description: 34 pages
Addressing the Unique Needs of African American Women in HIV Prevention
Creators: name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Caldeira, Nathilee Ann
name: Ruglass, Lesia M.
name: Gilbert, Louisa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Social psychology

description: African American women continue to be disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, yet there are few effective HIV prevention interventions that are exclusively tailored to their lives and that address their risk factors. Using an ecological framework, we offer a comprehensive overview of the risk factors that are driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic among African American women and explicate the consequences of ignoring these factors in HIV prevention strategies. We also recommend ways to improve HIV prevention programs by taking into consideration the unique life experiences of adult African American women.
A Cauchy-Dirac delta function
Creators: name: Katz, Mikhail G.
name: Tall, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 26E35, 01A85, 03A05

description: The Dirac delta function has solid roots in 19th century work in Fourier analysis and singular integrals by Cauchy and others, anticipating Dirac's discovery by over a century, and illuminating the nature of Cauchy's infinitesimals and his infinitesimal definition of delta.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; Foundations of Science, 2012
Commentary on ‘Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children’, with a response from the review authors
Creators: name: Pusic, Martin
name: Dayan, Peter
name: McGillivray, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Medicine

description: Commentary by David McGillivray, Peter Dayan and Martin Pusic The treatment of an acute convulsion can be a lifesaving intervention, especially in cases where the convulsion is likely to be prolonged or leaves the patient susceptible to aspiration or permanent neurologic damage. There is wide practice variation in the medications used to abort persistent tonic-clonic convulsions (we leave aside the treatment of partial complex status epilepticus).The ambitious Cochrane review completed by Appleton et al. starts out by stating that ‘benzodiazepines (midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam), phenobarbitone, phenytoin and paraldehyde may all be regarded as drugs of first choice in the management of acute tonic-clonic convulsions in children’. The task is then to determine which medication and  route of administration leads to seizure cessation most rapidly without adverse side effects. The question is complicated given that six medications are considered along with multiple routes of administration that can change the pharmacokinetics of the medication. Further complicating study design is that fact that seizures with different clinical features may respond differently to medications. An investigator must consider whether to include patients with a narrow spectrum of seizure etiologies (e.g. febrile seizures) as opposed to including ‘all-comers’. Additionally, efficacy and adverse event outcomes are not well standardized.
title: Изучение и предупреждение преступлений сотрудников полиции
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены основные методологические подходы к изучению преступности сотрудников органов внутренних дел, детерминация преступлений сотрудников полиции. Предложена система мер по предупреждению этого негативного социального явления. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов укрупненной группы специальностей «Юриспруденция».
Coaches’ perceptions of common planning concepts within training theory: an international survey
Creators: name: Anyadike-Danes, Kechi
name: Donath, Lars
name: Kiely, John
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321006
subject: Sport and exercise nutrition

description: Background The planning of training is a popular yet controversial topic among coaches and sports scientists. Perio‑ disation is often presented in the literature as the most efficacious approach to planning training. While historically surveys of coaches appeared to support this a key failing was that no unified definition of periodisation exists. Recent surveys offering a periodisation definition and an alternative planning methodology found many choosing the alter‑ native therefore questioning periodisation’s wide acceptance. The current survey looked to explore how coaches perceived specific concepts, drawn from the literature, that relate to the planning of training. Methods 106 coaches [age range: 18–65+ years, 31% 15+ years coaching, 58% individual-events/sports and 32% international level] from across the world completed a novel cross-sectional online survey on the planning of train‑ ing and the training process. Topics included use of periodisation, division of time into discrete periods, assignment of goals and training to pre-determined periods and the adaptability of pre-established plans. Results The majority described their planning approach as training periodisation (71%). Similarly, there was strong agreement with the necessity to determining a goal for the season (85%) and divide the season into distinct manage‑ able periods of time (73%). When examining whether physical adaptations are achievable within specific and fixed timeframes only a minority (33%) agreed, a similar result was found for training physical capacities in a sequential order (37%). Finally, there was limited support for training targets remaining fixed over a training period (10%). Conclusions As a tool for the planning of athlete’s training, periodisation is often presented as the best and most popular approach. Recent research however has highlighted possible discrepancies in its usage among practitioners. The results of this survey echo this and question the acceptance of periodisation concepts even among periodisation users. In part this may be due to key tenets of periodisation no longer being supported by research or practice. A lingering question then is whether the beliefs of coaches, developed through experience and supported by research, will continue to be marginalized. If sports scientists wish to aid coaches then they need to be engaged in future research initiatives as co-collaborators
Patterns of Distress, Precipitating Events, and Reflections on Suicide Attempts by Young Latinas
Creators: name: Zayas, Luis H.
name: Gulbas, Lauren E
name: Fedoravicius, Nicole
name: Cabassa, Leopoldo J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Mental health
Hispanic Americans

description: By most epidemiological accounts, young US Latinas attempt suicide more often than other youth. Little is known, however, about the circumstance and internal experiences of the attempts. To understand this phenomenon, we conducted thematic analyses of twenty-seven qualitative interviews with teenage Latinas (aged 11-19) living in New York City who had attempted suicide. Collected between July 2005 and July 2009, the interviews explored the emotional, cognitive and physical experiences of the attempts and the social situations in which they took place. Results show that the girls were divisible nearly equally into a group with a stated intent of death and a group that did not intend death. The pathways to the suicidal event consisted of a pattern of continuous, escalating stress (primarily at home) that created the emotionally combustible conditions for the attempt. A trigger event that either reminded them of past stress or revived feelings of that stress catalyzed the attempt. Guilt and remorse were common responses to the suicide attempts, and on reflection the girls demonstrated some broader perspectives. Results of the analysis clarify the sociocultural context of the suicide attempts, underscoring the cultural discontinuity experienced by adolescent Latinas, who struggle to reconcile traditional Hispanic gender socialization with their own insertion in a modern Western society.
Dividend Taxation and Intertemporal Tax Arbitrage
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Korinek, Anton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: We analyze the effects of changes in dividend tax policy using a life-cycle model of the firm, in which new firms first access equity markets, then grow internally, and finally pay dividends when they have reached steady state. We find that unanticipated permanent changes in tax rates have only small effects on aggregate investment, since macroeconomic dynamics are dominated by mature firms for which dividend taxation is not distortionary. Anticipated or temporary dividend tax changes, on the other hand, create incentives for firms to engage in inter-temporal tax arbitrage so as to reduce investors' tax burden. For example, a temporary tax cut--the type most likely to be enacted by policymakers--induces firms to accelerate dividend payments while tax rates are low, which reduces their cash holdings and makes them capital-constrained when large investment opportunities arise. This can significantly lower aggregate investment for periods after the tax cut.
title: Don't forget the external auditory canal: A pictorial essay of the external auditory canal pathologies
Creators: name: OSPINA, DUBAN
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and Neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: In this paper, we will briefly review the spectrum of pathologies that can compromise the external auditory canal (EAC), studied by both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging...
Doping dependence of femtosecond quasi-particle relaxation dynamics in Ba(Fe,Co)_2As_2 single crystals: possible evidence for normal state nematic fluctuations
Creators: name: Stojchevska, L.
name: Mertelj, T.
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
name: Fisher, Ian R.
name: Mihailovic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigate the photoexcited (PE) quasi-particle (QP) relaxation and low-energy electronic structure in electron doped Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_{x})_{2}As_{2} single crystals as a function of Co doping, 0<= x <=0.11. The evolution of the photoinduced reflectivity transients with $x$ proceeds with no abrupt changes. In the orthorhombic spin-density-wave (SDW) state a bottleneck associated with a partial charge-gap opening is detected, similar to previous results in different SDW iron-pnictides. The relative charge gap magnitude decreases with increasing x. In the superconducting (SC) state an additional relaxational component appears due to a partial (or complete) destruction of the SC state proceeding on a sub-0.5-picosecond timescale. From the SC component saturation behavior the optical SC-state destruction energy, U_p/k_B=0.3 K/Fe, is determined near the optimal doping. The subsequent relatively slow recovery of the SC state indicates clean SC gaps. The T-dependence of the transient reflectivity amplitude in the normal state is consistent with the presence of a pseudogap in the QP density of states. The polarization anisotropy of the transients suggests that the pseudogap-like behavior might be associated with a broken point symmetry resulting from nematic electronic fluctuations persisting up to T~200 K at any x. The second moment of the Eliashberg function, obtained from the relaxation rate in the metallic state at higher temperatures, indicates a moderate electron phonon coupling, lambda
Functional basis of cleft lip liability in a-strain mice
Creators: name: Schmidt, Eric J
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 166-179
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes copy of animal protocol approvals and copyright permissions. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: The "facial shape hypothesis" holds that cleft lip penetrance rates among A-strain lines differ owing to subtle genetic differences in midfacial primordia size, orientation, and rates of growth-summarily "facial shape"-that place more liable lines closer to, and less liable Jines further from, a threshold shape value that is set by physical constraints limiting the range of shape variation tolerated before the primordia fail to contact or consolidate adequately into a unified structure separating the nasal slits from the mouth. Fixation for an IAP allele of Wnt9b, which plays a regulatory role in midfacial development, is a key component of the genetic liability. Variation in genetic maternal effects modifies penetrance rates through an unknown function. I tested the hypothesis that maternal background influences the rate clefted primary palates in litters by differentially shifting the distributions of Wnt9b IAP epigenetic modification toward an expression threshold set by a common level of tolerance for low Wnt9b expression in the developing upper jaw. IAP methylation profiles between a reciprocal pair of hybrids with a two-fold difference in liability did not substantially differ. Nor did a morphometric analysis suggest that genetic maternal effects differences influenced embryonic facial shape. The data imply a role for maternal effects variation impacting palatogenesis via a mechanism outside epigenetic modification of the Wnt9b IAP but also independent of normal variations in midfacial shape with respect to a shape threshold. The significance of the alternative "two state" hypothesis, holding that penetrance rate differences among the A-strain are a function of the rate at which somatic differences arise between normal and cleft penetrant embryos, is considered.
Charge Transport in Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Hosur, Pavan
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport in three dimensional Weyl semimetals with N isotropic Weyl nodes in the presence of Coulomb interactions or disorder at temperature T. In the interacting clean limit, we determine the conductivity by solving a quantum Boltzmann equation within a `leading log' approximation and find it to be proportional to T, upto logarithmic factors arising from the flow of couplings. In the noninteracting disordered case, we compute the finite-frequency Kubo conductivity and show that it exhibits distinct behaviors for omega << T and omega >> T: in the former regime we recover the results of a previous analysis, of a finite conductivity and a Drude width that vanishes as NT^2; in the latter, we find a conductivity that vanishes linearly with omega whose leading contribution as T -> 0 is the same as that of the clean, non-interacting system sigma(omega, T=0) = N(e^2/12h)(|omega|/v_F). We compare our results to experimental data on Y2Ir2O7 and also comment on the possible relevance to recent transport data on Eu2Ir2O7.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures in main text; 5 pages, 3 figures in supplementary material. Parts of main text moved to supplementary material
Mobile Perceived Trust Mediation on The Intention and Adoption of FinTech Innovations Using Mobile Technology: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Dawood, Dr Hatim
name: Liew, Chee Yoong
name: Rajan, Marcia Edna Santhana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Finance
Financial institutions (incl. banking)
Banking, finance and investment not elsewhere classified
Technology management

description: The banking and financial sectors have witnessed a significant development recently due to financial technology (FinTech), and it has become an essential part of the financial system. Many factors helped the development of this sector, including the pandemics such as Covid-19, the considerably increasing market value of the FinTech sector worldwide, and new technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and mobile technology. Moreover, changes in consumer preferences, especially the Z-generation (digital generation). FinTech shifted the traditional business models to mobile platforms characterized by ease of access and swift transactions. Mobile technology became the main backbone for FinTech innovations and acted as a channel to deliver FinTech services that overcome all geographical and timing barriers, thus enhancing financial inclusion. Mobile perceived Trust (MPT), or the trust in using financial business models via mobile technology, is a crucial factor in the FinTech context that mediates the intention and adoption of different FinTech business models. Unfortunately, few studies have explored MPT mediations on consumers' intention to adopt FinTech innovations using mobile technology. Typically, many studies examined trust/MPT as an independent and unidirectional variable and investigated its effects on behaviour intention without predicting its mediation effects. This study aimed to develop a systematic literature review on MPT mediation in FinTech, focusing on the period from 2016 and 2021 in journals ranked Q1 and Q2 and known-based theories such as the technology acceptance model, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, and the mobile technology acceptance model. This study found that only four articles were published in Q1 and Q2 journals. In these articles, the MPT was used as a mediator, and its effects were measured on the intention and adoption of the behaviour.
Balancing the act: dilemmas associated with the eradication of Acacia mearnsii from the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa
Creators: name: Mukwada, Geofrey
name: Breck, Stewart
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: Despite the huge investment that has been made in the control and eradication of Acacia mearnsii there is little evidence to show that the spread of this species will be reversed within the foreseeable future. In South Africa, Acacia mearnsii is considered to be one of the most problematic invasive species in wildlife conservation areas, where it is displacing native species and altering habitats and threatening the balance of ecosystems. This paper assesses the major challenges associated with different approaches of managing Acacia mearnsii invasion around the Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa. The study used remote sensing data to investigate the state of vegetation cover in the northern flanks of the park and adjacent communal grazing areas to determine if invasion by Acacia mearnsii leads to deleterious environmental change, as well as a questionnaire survey to check if the control of the species causes livelihood disruptions within local communities. The study also employed discriminate analysis to assess the differences between the survey responses that were given by park officials and local communities, regarding their perceptions about the environmental impacts of Acacia mearnsii invasion, how the species spreads and how the invasion can be controlled. The paper argues and concludes that though the complete eradication of Acacia mearnsii is not always socially and environmentally desirable, due to the unintended environmental disturbances and livelihood disruptions it leads to, it is crucial for the park's environmental integrity and for the sustained flow of ecosystem services and benefits.
Psychological Distress and Intimate Physical and Sexual Abuse among Women in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs
Creators: name: Schiff, Miriam
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Engstrom, Malitta
name: Gilbert, Louisa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Social psychology

description: Guided by the cognitive theory of stress and coping and the comprehensive health“seeking and coping paradigm, this study examines associations among intimate partner abuse and psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood sexual abuse, and current drug use among a cohort of 416 women randomly recruited from New York City methadone treatment programs. Findings expand on past evidence of the high prevalence of psychological distress among adult victimized women and among those with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Women currently abused by their partners have more posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and psychological distress than women not abused by their partners.
Origin of the Three-body Parameter Universality in Efimov Physics
Creators: name: Wang, Jia
name: D'Incao, J. P.
name: Esry, B. D.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have led to advances in our understanding of universal Efimov physics [1]. The Efimov effect, once considered a mysterious and esoteric effect, is today a reality that many experiments in ultracold quantum gases have successfully observed and continued to explore [2-14]. Whereas theory was the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close to each other. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms and less likely to extend to light nuclei.
description: 11 pages; 9 figures. Includes Supplementary Material
Time for More Stimulus
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The article provides information on the need for a more fiscal stimulus as the U.S. President Barack Obama administration anticipates economic recovery. It highlights some positive stimulus that will drive economic recovery, such as tax cutting and fixing the banking system. It states that fixing the banking policy will help restore robust growth, but it is not sufficient to sustain growth due to the country's increasing national debt.
Moving beyond Market Fundamentalism to a More Balanced Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Thus, we have a massive rethinking of the role of the government and of the market. What I want to do is to look at this from a broader, more historical perspective and to end with some comments about the role of the social economy as we move towards the construction of a more balanced economy.
Business Fluctuations and Bankruptcy Avalanches in an Evolving Network Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Greenwald, Bruce C.
name: Delli Gatti, Domenico
name: Gallegati, Mauro
name: Russo, Alberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: We analyze the properties of a three-sector network economy characterized by credit relationships connecting downstream and upstream firms (inside credit) and credit relationships connecting firms and banks (outside credit). The network topology changes over time due to an endogenous process of partner selection (the preferred-partner choice rule). The output of simulations shows that a business cycle at the macroeconomic level can develop as a consequence of the complex interaction of the heterogeneous financial conditions of the agents involved. In this paper, we focus on the emergence of bankruptcy crises: the bankruptcy of one agent can bring about the bankruptcy of one or more other agents in a snowball effect of more or less large size, depending on the network structure and the incidence of non-performing loans on balance sheets of agents involved.
title: Improving diagnostic accuracy of breast lesions with Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in MRI
Creators: name: Saravanan, Kumar
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the impact of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained with diffusion weighted image (DWI) to differentiate benign and malignant breast...
The vertical distribution of modern pollen in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Creators: name: Chi, Changting
name: Xiao, Xiayun
name: Wang, Jianjun
name: Ke, Rui
name: Jia, Baoyan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The tropical mountainous area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a hotspot of ecological environment research because of its rich biodiversity. However, limited knowledge regarding modern pollen rain within this area has impeded further investigation of eco-environmental evolution using the pollen record. We collected 62 modern pollen samples from lowland tropics to the subalpine region (740–3550 m a.s.l.) in Medog County, located in the southeastern TP, and performed pollen analysis. Cluster analysis, redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis, and boosted regression trees were employed to investigate the relationship between pollen and vegetation/climate. Additionally, Hill numbers (N0, N1, N2) and specificity–occupancy plots were utilized to explore plant diversity. The results indicate that modern pollen rain in Medog reflects well the current characteristics of the vegetation, encompassing both primary and secondary features. Pollen of Cyclobalanopsis, Tsuga and Abies, which are dominant components of the primary vegetation above 2100 m a.s.l., can serve as indicator species for paleovegetation reconstructions. Mean annual precipitation is the most important climatic determinant affecting pollen distribution. Pollen indices reveal that the plant diversity in this study area has a bimodal pattern of ‘relatively high–low–highest–low’ with increasing altitude. The plant diversity above 2100 m a.s.l. is mainly decided by primary vegetation, whereas below 2100 m a.s.l. it can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Furthermore, it is advisable to exercise caution when dealing with arboreal pollen evenness in open mountainous environments due to the increased potential pollen source area caused by valley wind.
title: Magentic resonance imaging in discriminating between local reccurent breast cancer and bengin post managemnet changes
Creators: name: Abouelnadar, amal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Pathology
subject: Cancer
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Evaluate DCE-MRI in discrimination post-management changes from breast cancer...
Bone micro-architecture, estimated bone strength, and muscle strength in elite athletes: an hr-pqct study
Creators: name: Schipilow, John David Shearer
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 102-117
description: Includes copy of ethics approval and copyright permissions. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Athletes participating in sports characterized by specific loading modalities have exhibited different levels of augmentation of bone properties; however, it remains unclear to what extent these loading environments affect bone micro-architecture and estimated bone strength. Furthermore, the relative role of impact forces versus muscle forces in determining bone properties remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of impact loading on bone micro-architecture and estimated bone strength in elite athletes, and to investigate the relationship between these bone parameters and muscle strength in elite athletes. The results of this study suggest that impact loading is highly, positively associated with bone micro-architecture and estimated bone strength. Additionally, muscle strength and bone properties were positively associated, but these associations were often weak. This study has provided a unique analysis of the relation between impact loading, muscle strength, and bone micro-architecture and estimated bone strength.
Perpetration of intimate partner violence among men in methadone treatment programs
Creators: name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Wu, Elwin
name: Chang, Mingway P.
name: Fontdevila, Jorge
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Social psychology

description: This study examined the prevalence of perpetration of intimate partner violence among 356 men recruited from methadone maintenance treatment programs. We used logistic regression with covariance adjustment to examine the associations between intimate partner violence and illicit drug use by the participants, their female partners, or both. We found a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among the men in our sample. Significant associations between intimate partner violence and illicit drug use varied by types of drugs and whether the female partner or both partners were using drugs.
The People's Professor
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: A biography of Joseph Stiglitz, an American economist and a professor at Columbia University, is presented. He was born in Gary, Indiana and studied at Amherst College. After his third year at Amherst, he then enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) wherein he had made his first academic paper. In 2001, Stiglitz received the Nobel Laureate in economics.
Prolonged inhibition of presynaptic catecholamine synthesis does not alter leptin secretion in normal-weight men and women
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Ralf C.
name: Krahn, Lois E.
name: Rahmanie, Nooria
name: Sauer, Mark V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Developmental biology

description: Leptin has been called a hormone of reproduction, and seems to link fat and fertility. It has been speculated that the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) (noradrenaline), possibly via the sympathetic nervous system, may represent the afferent signal which modulates leptin release from adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to produce a state of decreased sympathetic output by using the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT), in order to study the effect of this compound on the secretion of leptin from fat cells. Ten subjects (five women and five men) received a total of 5 x 1 g doses of AMPT or 5 x 50 mg promethazine (active placebo) over a 26 h period, separated by 4-6 weeks using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Blood samples for hormone measurements were obtained over 24 h (18 time points) on day 2 of each experiment. Urinary measurement of the NE metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) on study day 2 served as a marker of the effectiveness of AMPT as an inhibitor of NE synthesis. The daily excretion of this metabolite decreased from 1.56 +/- 0.22 mg in the placebo experiment to 0.53 +/- 0.1 mg in the active experiment (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin concentrations measured in the control group in women and men were similar to those reported previously in lean subjects with a body mass index < 27.5 kg/m2. Leptin concentrations in women were 3-fold higher than in men. Leptin is secreted in a circadian rhythm in both sexes with an increase of nocturnal concentrations by approximately 50%. Two-way analysis of variance reveals no significant difference in leptin secretion between the control and active groups in women and men. In summary, preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that NE represents the afferent signal from the central nervous system which modulates leptin release from adipocytes in the human. Further studies are needed to define the role of the sympathetic nervous system as well as NE in the regulation of leptin secretion and its involvement in obesity and reproduction.
Short-Term Administration of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody in the Late Follicular Phase Delays Follicular Development in the Rhesus Monkey
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Ralf C.
name: Xiao, Ennian
name: Husami, Nabil
name: Sauer, Mark V.
name: Lobo, Rogerio A.
name: Kitajewski, Jan K.
name: Ferin, Michel J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Developmental biology

description: Indirect evidence in the nonhuman primate and human suggests that angiogenesis and regulators of angiogenesis such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play an active role in cyclic folliculogenesis. Indeed, the follicle selected for maturation and ovulation possesses a denser microvascular network, and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid and its protein have been identified in granulosa cells of the developing follicle during the mid- and late follicular phases, with a more intense signal in the mature follicle. The objective of this study was to obtain direct evidence in the nonhuman primate for an active role of VEGF in follicular growth and maturation by studying the effect of VEGF-blocking antibodies in this process. After documenting two normal ovulatory cycles, female rhesus monkeys (n = 7) received iv injections of anti-VEGF antibodies (0.5 mg) twice on successive days in the late follicular phase. Three monkeys also received nonspecific goat IgG (0.5 mg) twice on successive days in the late follicular phase. Daily measurements of estradiol, progesterone, LH, and FSH were obtained during the two control cycles, the anti-VEGF treatment and posttreatment cycles, and the IgG treatment cycle. Anti-VEGF antibody administration significantly lengthened the follicular phase in six of seven monkeys to 17.8 ± 1.7 vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 and 9.8 ± 0.6 in control cycles and 10.7 ± 0.3 days (mean ± se) in IgG-treated cycles. The expected late follicular phase rise in estradiol, as documented in the control cycles (day 0, 96.1 ± 6.0; day 1, 125.5 ± 20.0; day 2, 165.5 ± 24.9; day 3, 183.8 ± 11.0 pg/mL), was interrupted by anti-VEGF antibody treatment (99.3 ± 5.0, day 0, preinjection control) to 63.3± 12.2 (day 1), 48.5 ± 8.7 (day 2), and 57.6 ± 9.0 (day 3). Mean FSH levels were significantly increased by day 2 of anti-VEGF antibody treatment. After a variable delay, estradiol concentrations increased to reach a preovulatory peak in all anti-VEGF-treated animals, followed by ovulation, normal luteal function, and a normal posttreatment cycle. The data clearly demonstrate that short-term inhibition of angiogenesis with an anti-VEGF-blocking antibody during the later growth phase of the dominant follicle interferes with normal follicular development. Persistence of estradiol secretion and delayed resumption of its rise also suggest recovery of the follicle. We conclude that the angiogenic regulator VEGF is a crucial component in the process of follicular growth in the primate.
Tevatron Legacy
Creators: name: Peters, Yvonne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several major milestones and discoveries were attained during the lifetime of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab, from 1987 to 2011. One of the most important was the discovery of the top quark in 1995, followed by an intense program to study that particle in greater detail. In this article, I give an overview of the history of the top quark, its current status as well as the still to be completed legacy measurements at the Tevatron.
description: 6 pages, proceedings for the Top2011 conference, Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain