cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weak disorder corrections of the scattering and transport mean free path
Creators: name: Eckert, Felix
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
name: Wellens, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the weak localisation correction to the scattering and to the transport mean free path, for waves propagating in a $delta$-correlated random potential, going beyond the usual diffusion approximation for the loops in the interfering path amplitudes. We find that not only the transport mean free path, but also the scattering mean free path is affected by the interference contributions. We also find the dependence of the leading order contribution to both, the scattering and the transport mean free path, on the disorder parameter $1/kl$ to be linear. This is in contrast to the result obtained from the diffusion approximation according to which the scattering mean free path remains unaffected when changing the disorder parameter, whereas the correction of the transport mean free path scales like $1/(kl)^2$.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Unveiling water security in Brazil: current challenges and future perspectives
Creators: name: Gesualdo, Gabriela Chiquito
name: Sone, Jullian Souza
name: de Oliveira Galvão, Carlos
name: Martins, Eduardo Sávio
name: Montenegro, Suzana Maria Gico Lima
name: Tomasella, Javier
name: Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Water crises have risen over the past decade. In the Brazilian context, extreme events have intensified over the country, undermining water systems in regions that already face water shortages. Although previous studies have focussed on individual regions of Brazil, an overview of the entire country will contribute to developing a national action plan for mitigating water inequalities. Therefore, we reviewed and analysed water security in Brazil, presenting a diagnosis focussed on the peculiarities of each geographic region and hydrographic area. One of the biggest threats is the slow pace towards a robust policy for strengthening national water security. As shown here, water security depends on several variables such as availability, quality, and external factors such as climate forcing and anthropogenic pressure. Therefore, water governance needs to integrate human needs with ecosystem functioning, considering climate uncertainties to move towards better water resources planning.
Performance Evaluation of Statistical Approaches for Text Independent Speaker Recognition Using Source Feature
Creators: name: Rao, R. Rajeswara
name: Prasad, V. Kamakshi
name: Nagesh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces the performance evaluation of statistical approaches for TextIndependent speaker recognition system using source feature. Linear prediction LP residual is used as a representation of excitation information in speech. The speaker-specific information in the excitation of voiced speech is captured using statistical approaches such as Gaussian Mixture Models GMMs and Hidden Markov Models HMMs. The decrease in the error during training and recognizing speakers during testing phase close to 100 percent accuracy demonstrates that the excitation component of speech contains speaker-specific information and is indeed being effectively captured by continuous Ergodic HMM than GMM. The performance of the speaker recognition system is evaluated on GMM and 2 state ergodic HMM with different mixture components and test speech duration. We demonstrate the speaker recognition studies on TIMIT database for both GMM and Ergodic HMM.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, International Journal
Additional file 2 of Identification and analysis of miRNAs differentially expressed in male and female Trichosanthes kirilowii maxim
Creators: name: Hu, Xiu-qin
name: Song, Han
name: Li, Na
name: Hao, Chun-xiang
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Li, Xin-peng
name: Xin, Jie
name: Zhang, Yong-qing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. The stem-loop structures for miRNA.
Neutrino Oscillometry
Creators: name: Vergados, J. D.
name: Giomataris, Y.
name: Novikov, Yu. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillations are studied employing sources of low energy monoenergetic neutrinos following electron capture by the nucleus and measuring electron recoils. Since the neutrino energy is very low the oscillation length appearing in this electronic neutrino disappearance experiment can be so small that the full oscillation can take place inside the detector. Thus one may determine very accurately all the neutrino oscillation parameters. In particular one can measure or set a better limit on the unknown parameter theta13. One, however, has to pay the price that the expected counting rates are very small. Thus one needs a very intensive neutrino source and a large detector with as low as possible energy threshold and high energy and position resolution. Both spherical gaseous and cylindrical liquid detectors are studied. Different source candidates are considered
description: 6 pages, 1 table 3 figures. Presented in the conferences PASCOS10, Valencia spain and Neutrino 2010, Athens Greece
Manipulation of the magnetic state of a porphyrin-based molecule on gold: From Kondo to quantum nanomagnet via the charge fluctuation regime
Creators: name: Gao, Yingzheng
name: Vlaic, Sergio
name: Gorni, Tommaso
name: Medici, Luca de'
name: Clair, Sylvain
name: Roditchev, Dimitri
name: Pons, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By moving individual Fe-Porphyrin-based molecules with the tip of Scanning Tunneling Microscope in the vicinity of a Br-atom containing elbow of the herringbone-reconstructed Au(111), we reversibly and continuously control their magnetic state. Several regimes are obtained experimentally and explored theoretically: from the integer spin limit, through intermediate magnetic states with renormalized magnetic anisotropy, until the Kondo-screened regime, corresponding to a progressive increase of charge fluctuations and mixed valency due to an increase in the interaction of the molecular Fe states with the substrate Fermi sea. Our results open a route for the realization, tuning and experimental studies of novel quantum magnetic states in molecule-surface hybrids.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures second version
Unveiling water security in Brazil: current challenges and future perspectives
Creators: name: Gesualdo, Gabriela Chiquito
name: Sone, Jullian Souza
name: de Oliveira Galvão, Carlos
name: Martins, Eduardo Sávio
name: Montenegro, Suzana Maria Gico Lima
name: Tomasella, Javier
name: Mendiondo, and Eduardo Mario
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Water crises have risen over the past decade. In the Brazilian context, extreme events have been intensified over the country undermining water systems in regions that already face water shortages. Although existing studies focused on individual regions of Brazil, an overview of the entire country will contribute to developing a national action plan for mitigating water inequalities. Therefore, we reviewed and analyzed water security in Brazil, presenting a diagnosis focused on the peculiarities of each geographic region and hydrographic area. One of the biggest threats is the slow-paced steps towards a robust policy for strengthening national water security. As shown here, water security depends on several variables such as availability, quality, and external factors such as climate forcing and anthropogenic pressure. Therefore, water governance needs to integrate human needs with the ecosystem functioning considering climate uncertainties to move towards better water resources planning.
Unified Universal Quantum Cloning Machine and Fidelities
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Nan
name: Shi, Han-Duo
name: Xiong, Zhao-Xi
name: Jing, Li
name: Ren, Xi-Jun
name: Mu, Liang-Zhu
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unified universal quantum cloning machine, which combines several different existing universal cloning machines together including the asymmetric case. In this unified framework, the identical pure states are projected equally into each copy initially constituted by input and one half of the maximally entangled states. We show explicitly that the output states of those universal cloning machines are the same. One importance of this unified cloning machine is that the cloning procession is always the symmetric projection which reduces dramatically the difficulties for implementation. Also it is found that this unified cloning machine can be directly modified to the general asymmetric case. Besides the global fidelity and the single-copy fidelity, we also present all possible arbitrary-copy fidelities.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Inflation and Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Özsoy, Ogan
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review conceptual aspects of inflationary scenarios able to produce primordial black holes, by amplifying the size of curvature fluctuations to the level required for triggering black hole formation. We identify general mechanisms to do so, both for single and multiple field inflation. In single field inflation, the spectrum of curvature fluctuations is enhanced by pronounced gradients of background quantities controlling the cosmological dynamics, which can induce brief phases of non--slow-roll inflationary evolution. In multiple field inflation, the amplification occurs through appropriate couplings with additional sectors, characterized by tachyonic instabilities that enhance the size of their fluctuations. As representative examples, we consider axion inflation, and two-field models of inflation with rapid turns in field space. We develop our discussion in a pedagogical manner, by including some of the most relevant calculations, and by guiding the reader through the existing theoretical literature, emphasizing general themes common to several models.
description: 58 Pages, 19 Figures + Appendices, Published version: the ambiguity in the definition of threshold, as well as its relation with the critical density is clarified in Section 2.2, some typos are corrected and references added
AXIOMATIC FORMULATION OF THE OPTIMAL TRANSACTION COST THEORY IN THE LEGAL PROCESS THROUGH COBB-DOUGLAS OPTIMIZATION
Creators: name: Osei Bonsu, Kwadwo
name: Osei Bonsu, Kwadwo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: transaction costs
subject: legal process
subject: Cobb-Douglas optimization
subject: game theory
subject: Lagrangian approach

description: Subject and purpose of work: This paper uses Cobb-Douglas optimization to formulate an optimal transaction cost algorithm within the constraint of a generalized legal framework. Materials and methods: The author has adopted a Lagrangian approach to formulate the social utility function, then, from a set of legally allowed strategies established the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for the legal game so as to find the optimal parameters within the social utility function. Finally, the optimal transaction cost algorithm was developed. Results: The Bordered Hessian Matrix from the partial differentials of the social utility function showed that there is a particular parameter within the social utility function which describes the optimal transaction cost. An adjustment of this parameter is essential in mechanism design for legal games. Conclusions: The author has shown how transaction costs influence the set of strategies played by players in a legal game, and has described the essence of a social utility function and how it can be optimized.
Using the Rosat Catalogue to find Counterparts for Unidentified Objects in the 1st Fermi/LAT Catalogue
Creators: name: Stephen, J. B.
name: Bassani, L.
name: Landi, R.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Sguera, V.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Masetti, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are a total of 1451 gamma-ray emitting objects in the Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalogue. The point source location accuracy of typically a few arcminutes has allowed the counterparts for many of these sources to be found at other wavelengths, but even so there are 630 which are described as having no plausible counterpart at 80% confidence. In order to help identify the unknown objects, we have cross-correlated the positions of these sources with the Rosat All Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue. In this way, for Fermi sources which have a possible counterpart in soft X-rays, we can use the, much smaller, Rosat error box to search for identifications. We find a strong correlation between the two samples and calculate that there are about 60 sources with a Rosat counterpart. Using the Rosat error boxes we provide tentative associations for half of them, demonstrate that the majority of these are either blazars or blazar candidates and give evidence that most belong to the BL Lac class. Given that they are X-ray selected and most are high synchrotron peaked objects, which indicates the presence of high energy electrons, these sources are also good candidates for TeV emission, and therefore good probes of the extragalactic background light.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
SpatialSort : characterizing cellular heterogeneity in the tumour microenvironment with spatially aware clustering
Creators: name: Lee, Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In the course of tumour progression, normal and malignant cells of various kinds of cell types engage in complex patterns of cell-cell interactions creating the tumor microenvironment. The dynamics in the tumour microenvironment are tumour-driven and fosters cellular heterogeneity to modulate cancer behavior. With an accurate classification of the cell type composition and a deep investigation of the cell-cell interactions, we can characterize the heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment and potentially elucidate mechanisms of immune invasion, tumour growth, and metastases. Analyses of single cells in suspension using mass cytometry is a current approach used to characterize previously unknown phenotypes, yet the data generated by this approach are disaggregated and do not retain the spatial structure of tumours. Emerging high-throughput spatial expression profiling technologies, such as imaging mass cytometry allow for spatially aware profiling of single cell expression in high-parameter space. Various cell type classification methods have been proposed for disaggregated data, however there is a need for spatially aware clustering methods. We present SpatialSort, a scalable joint approach for spatially aware clustering of cell types and estimation of cell-cell interactions in the tumour microenvironment. This computational approach leverages a Markov random field model to allow spatially proximal cells linked in a neighbour graph to influence the cluster assignment of their neighbouring cells. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is employed to approximate the posterior distribution and perform probabilistic cell type identification. Cell to cell interactions will be encoded as interpretable model parameters representing the affinity between different cell types. Through spatially aware clustering, we hope to characterize patient-specific phenotypic heterogeneity better than our current methods. As heterogeneity promotes therapeutic resistance, an improved understanding of cellular composition and cell-cell interaction profiles can potentially provide better prognosis for cancer patients.
Electron and Photon Interactions in the Regime of Strong LPM Suppression
Creators: name: Gerhardt, Lisa
name: Klein, Spencer R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) astrophysical neutrinos look for radio emission from the electromagnetic and hadronic showers produced in their interactions. The radio frequency spectrum and angular distribution depend on the shower development, so are sensitive to the interaction cross sections. At energies above about 10^{16} eV (in ice), the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect significantly reduces the cross sections for the two dominant electromagnetic interactions: bremsstrahlung and pair production. At higher energies, above about 10^{20} eV, the photonuclear cross section becomes larger than that for pair production, and direct pair production and electronuclear interactions become dominant over bremsstrahlung. The electron interaction length reaches a maximum around 10^{21} eV, and then decreases slowly as the electron energy increases further. In this regime, the growth in the photon cross section and electron energy loss moderates the rise in nu_e shower length, which rises from ~10 m at 10^{16} eV to ~50 m at 10^{19} eV and ~100 m at 10^{20} eV, but only to ~1 km at 10^{24} eV. In contrast, without photonuclear and electronuclear interactions, the shower length would be over 10 km at 10^{24} eV.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Physical Review D
Scalable fabrication of hemispherical solid immersion lenses in silicon carbide through grayscale hard-mask lithography
Creators: name: Bekker, Christiaan
name: Arshad, Muhammad Junaid
name: Cilibrizzi, Pasquale
name: Nikolatos, Charalampos
name: Lomax, Peter
name: Wood, Graham S.
name: Cheung, Rebecca
name: Knolle, Wolfgang
name: Ross, Neil
name: Gerardot, Brian
name: Bonato, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grayscale lithography allows the creation of micrometer-scale features with spatially-controlled height in a process that is fully compatible with standard lithography. Here, solid immersion lenses are demonstrated in silicon carbide using a novel fabrication protocol combining grayscale lithography and hard-mask techniques to allow nearly hemispherical lenses of 5 $μ$m radius to be etched into the substrate. The technique is highly scalable and compatible with CMOS technology, and device aspect ratios can be tuned after resist patterning by controlling the chemistry of the subsequent dry etch. These results provide a low-cost, high-throughput and industrially-relevant alternative to focused ion beam milling for the creation of high-aspect-ratio, rounded microstructures.
description: 9 pages, 4 + 2 supplementary figures
Even if Explanations: Prior Work, Desiderata & Benchmarks for Semi-Factual XAI
Creators: name: Aryal, Saugat
name: Keane, Mark T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.1
subject: 68-11

description: Recently, eXplainable AI (XAI) research has focused on counterfactual explanations as post-hoc justifications for AI-system decisions (e.g. a customer refused a loan might be told: If you asked for a loan with a shorter term, it would have been approved). Counterfactuals explain what changes to the input-features of an AI system change the output-decision. However, there is a sub-type of counterfactual, semi-factuals, that have received less attention in AI (though the Cognitive Sciences have studied them extensively). This paper surveys these literatures to summarise historical and recent breakthroughs in this area. It defines key desiderata for semi-factual XAI and reports benchmark tests of historical algorithms (along with a novel, naieve method) to provide a solid basis for future algorithmic developments.
description: 14 pages, 4 Figures
Ionisation in atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and extrasolar planets I The role of electron avalanche
Creators: name: Helling, Ch.
name: Jardine, M.
name: Witte, S.
name: Diver, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brown Dwarf and extrasolar planet atmospheres form clouds which strongly influence the local chemistry and physics. These clouds are globally neutral obeying dust-gas charge equilibrium which is, on short time scales, inconsistent with the observation of stochastic ionisation events of the solar system planets. We argue that a significant volume of the clouds in Brown Dwarfs and extrasolar planets is susceptible to local discharge events. These are electron avalanches triggered by charged dust grains. Such intra-cloud discharges occur on time scales shorter than the time needed to neutralise the dust grains by collisional processes. An ensemble of discharges is likely to produce enough free charges to suggest a partial and stochastic coupling of the atmosphere to a large-scale magnetic field.
description: 18 pages in referee's style, 5 figures, Acccepted by ApJ
Real second-order freeness and the asymptotic real second-order freeness of several real matrix ensembles
Creators: name: Redelmeier, C. Emily I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L54 (Primary) 15B52, 05C10 (Secondary)

description: We introduce real second-order freeness in second-order noncommutative probability spaces. We demonstrate that under this definition, three real models of random matrices, namely real Ginibre matrices, Gaussian orthogonal matrices, and real Wishart matrices, are asymptotically second-order free. These ensembles do not satisfy the complex definition of second-order freeness satisfied by their complex analogues. We use a combinatorial approach to the matrix calculations similar to the genus expansion for complex random matrices, but in which nonorientable surfaces appear, demonstrating the commonality between the real models and the distinction from their complex analogues, motivating this distinct definition. In the real case we find, in addition to the terms appearing in the complex case corresponding to annular spoke diagrams, an extra set of terms corresponding to annular spoke diagrams in which the two circles of the annulus are oppositely oriented, and in which the matrix transpose appears.
description: New version with some rewriting, second-order limit distribution, and some theorems useful in future work stated explicitly
title: ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð°ÐºÐ°-ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ° ÐÐ¢Ð­Ð Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Simulation of ITER tokamak reactor with beryllium impurity
Creators: name: ÐÐ°ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¡ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÐ¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ð¢ÐµÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ
ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
ÐÐµÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¹
ÐÐ¢Ð­Ð
SOLPS-ITER
Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ
Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð°ÐºÐ°-ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ° ÐÐ¢Ð­Ð  Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ SOLPS-ITER. Ð Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð±ÐµÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÑÐ´Ð°Ñ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹
ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÐÐ¢Ð­Ð Ð°. ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ, Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ñ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð° WallDYN.
description: This tesis is devoted to modeling the ITER tokamak reactor with beryllium impurity using the SOLPS-ITER code. In is paper the transport of beryllium in the discharges expected in the ITER thermonuclear campaign was studied. The main factors determining deposition were identified. A comparison is made with
the results of the WallDYN code.
Modeling fractal structure of city-size distributions using correlation function
Creators: name: Chen, Yanguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zipf's law is one the most conspicuous empirical facts for cities, however, there is no convincing explanation for the scaling relation between rank and size and its scaling exponent. Based on the idea from general fractals and scaling, this paper proposes a dual competition hypothesis of city develop to explain the value intervals and the special value, 1, of the power exponent. Zipf's law and Pareto's law can be mathematically transformed into one another. Based on the Pareto distribution, a frequency correlation function can be constructed. By scaling analysis and multifractals spectrum, the parameter interval of Pareto exponent is derived as (0.5, 1]; Based on the Zipf distribution, a size correlation function can be built, and it is opposite to the first one. By the second correlation function and multifractals notion, the Pareto exponent interval is derived as [1, 2). Thus the process of urban evolution falls into two effects: one is Pareto effect indicating city number increase (external complexity), and the other Zipf effect indicating city size growth (internal complexity). Because of struggle of the two effects, the scaling exponent varies from 0.5 to 2; but if the two effects reach equilibrium with each other, the scaling exponent approaches 1. A series of mathematical experiments on hierarchical correlation are employed to verify the models and a conclusion can be drawn that if cities in a given region follow Zipf's law, the frequency and size correlations will follow the scaling law. This theory can be generalized to interpret the inverse power-law distributions in various fields of physical and social sciences.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð²ÐµÐ±-Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾ ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ , ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Development of a web application for aggregating information about films, series
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð²ÐµÐ±-Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐµÐ½Ñ-ÑÐµÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð°ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐµÐºÑÑÑÐ°
Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð° Gin/GO
Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð° Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ PostgreSQL
Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð° Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Redis
ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¹Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Docker
web application
client-server architecture
Gin/GO platform
PostgreSQL database
Redis database
Docker containerization

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description: The purpose of the final qualification work is to create a universal web application for viewing information about films and series, with the ability to add notes and maintain various collections of films and series. In the course of the work, an analysis of the subject area was carried out, the rele- vance of the task was proved. The requirements for the web application were defined and presented. The architecture of the web application and database was designed. The choice of technologies used was substantiated. The web application was tested, and further development of the application was determined. The developed application was packaged in Docker containers. The result of the work was a ready-made web application for aggregating infor- mation about films and series.
BabelBrain: An Open-Source Application for Prospective Modeling of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Neuromodulation Applications
Creators: name: Pichardo, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BabelBrain is an open-source standalone graphic-user-interface application designed for studies of neuromodulation using transcranial focused ultrasound. It calculates the transmitted acoustic field in the brain tissue, taking into account the distortion effects caused by the skull barrier. The simulation is prepared using scans from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, if available, computed tomography and zero-echo time MRI scans. It also calculates the thermal effects based on a given ultrasound regime, such as the total duration of exposure, the duty cycle, and acoustic intensity. The tool is designed to work in tandem with neuronavigation and visualization software, such as 3DSlicer. It uses image processing to prepare domains for ultrasound simulation and uses the BabelViscoFDTD library for transcranial modeling calculations. BabelBrain supports multiple GPU backends, including Metal, OpenCL, and CUDA, and works on all major operating systems including Linux, MacOS, and Windows. This tool is particularly optimized for Apple ARM64 systems, which are common in brain imaging research. The paper presents the modeling pipeline used in BabelBrain and a numerical study where different methods of acoustic properties mapping were tested to select the best method that can reproduce the transcranial pressure transmission efficiency reported in the literature.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Kondo effect in spin-orbit mesoscopic interferometers
Creators: name: Lim, Jong Soo
name: Crisan, Mircea
name: Sanchez, David
name: Lopez, Rosa
name: Grosu, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a flux-threaded Aharonov-Bohm ring with an embedded quantum dot coupled to two normal leads. The local Rashba spin-orbit interaction acting on the dot electrons leads to a spin-dependent phase factor in addition to the Aharonov-Bohm phase caused by the external flux. Using the numerical renormalization group method, we find a splitting of the Kondo resonance at the Fermi level which can be compensated by an external magnetic field. To fully understand the nature of this compensation effect, we perform a scaling analysis and derive an expression for the effective magnetic field. The analysis is based on a tight-binding model which leads to an effective Anderson model with a spin-dependent density of states for the transformed lead states. We find that the effective field originates from the combined effect of Rashba interaction and magnetic flux and that it contains important corrections due to electron-electron interactions. We show that the compensating field is an oscillatory function of both the spin-orbit and the Aharonov-Bohm phases. Moreover, the effective field never vanishes due to the particle-hole symmetry breaking independently of the gate voltage.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
First-detection-time statistics in many-body quantum transport
Creators: name: Dittel, Christoph
name: Neubrand, Niklas
name: Thiel, Felix
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport of many partially distinguishable and possibly interacting particles under the action of repeated projective measurements on a target space and investigate how the particles' interference affects the mean first detection time. We contrast the detection of exactly $n$ versus at least $n$ particles, explain divergences in the mean first detection time through spectral properties of the generating evolution operator, and illustrate our findings by an example.
description: Comments are welcome
Density matrix expansion for the MDI interaction
Creators: name: Xu, Jun
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By assuming that the isospin- and momentum-dependent MDI interaction has a form similar to the Gogny-like effective two-body interaction with a Yukawa finite-range term and the momentum dependence only originates from the finite-range exchange interaction, we determine its parameters by comparing the predicted potential energy density functional in uniform nuclear matter with what has been usually given and used extensively in transport models for studying isospin effects in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions as well as in investigating the properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter and neutron star matter. We then use the density matrix expansion to derive from the resulting finite-range exchange interaction an effective Skyrme-like zero-range interaction with density-dependent parameters. As an application, we study the transition density and pressure at the inner edge of neutron star crusts using the stability conditions derived from the linearized Vlasov equation for the neutron star matter.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Biomimetic Micropillar Wick for Enhanced Thin-Film Evaporation
Creators: name: S, Anand
name: Sharma, Chander Shekhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sustainable liquid cooling solutions are recognized as the future of thermal management in the chip industry. Among them, the phase change heat transfer devices such as heat pipes and vapour chambers have shown tremendous potential. These devices rely on the physics of capillary-driven thin-film evaporation which is inherently coupled with the design and optimization of the evaporator wicks used in these devices. Here, we introduce a biomimetic evaporator wick design inspired by the peristome of the Nepenthes alata that can achieve significantly enhanced evaporative cooling. It consists of array of micropillars with multiple wedges along the sidewall of each micropillar. The efficacy of the wedged micropillar is evaluated based on a validated numerical model on the metrics of dryout heat flux and effective heat transfer coefficient. The wedge angle is chosen such that wedged micropillars cause liquid filaments to rise along the micropillar vertical walls. This results in a significant increase in thin-film area for evaporation. Additionally, the large mean curvature of the liquid meniscus produces strong capillary pumping pressure and simultaneously, the wedges increase the overall permeability of the wick. Consequently, our model predicts that the wedged micropillar wick can attain ~234% enhancement of dryout heat flux compared to a conventional cylindrical micropillar wick of similar geometrical dimensions. Moreover, the wedged micropillars can also attain higher effective heat transfer coefficient under dryout conditions thus outperforming the cylindrical micropillar in terms of heat transfer efficiency. Our study provide insight into the design and capability of the biomimetic wedged micropillars as an efficient evaporator wick for various thin-film evaporation applications.
Parametric design of boring bars with adaptive tuned mass dampers
Creators: name: Van Zyl, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2021

description: Slender single point boring tools are highly sensitive to chatter vibrations and require additional chatter suppression design features to avoid unstable vibrations. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in boring tools are vibration absorbers where the natural frequency and damping ratio of the TMD is tuned to maximize the chatter resistance of the tool by increasing its dynamic stiffness. The chatter resistance of the tool is highly sensitive to the correct tuning of the TMD. A fixed TMD, where the TMD parameters are fixed upon installation, has intrinsic limitations in its use cases and effectiveness in suppressing chatter vibrations, namely due to suboptimal tuning, detuning, improper mounting, and the effects mounting the tool to a machine has on the dynamics of the structure. Adaptive TMDs, there the TMD parameters can be modified post-installation, address the limitations of fixed TMDs, however specialized modal analysis equipment and knowledgeable personnel are required in practical applications. This thesis investigates the implementation of a high-fidelity simulation model of the dynamics of a boring bar – TMD system developed to perform the tuning of adaptive TMDs digitally to address the barriers restricting the adoption of adaptive TMDs in industrial settings. The simulation model of the system consists of the frequency response function (FRF) of the boring bar calculated using finite element analysis (FEA) coupled with the analytical determined FRF of the TMD determining the dynamic behaviour of the combined system. A tuning algorithm is developed to determine the optimal damping ratio and natural frequency of the TMD according to the specific geometry of the boring bar and is compared against contemporary tuning methodologies. A boring bar – TMD system with a manual tuning attachment has been designed and fabricated and the tool tip FRF of the system has been measured. The digital model is verified by comparing the simulated subcomponent (TMD, and boring bar) vibrational parameters (effective mass, natural frequency, and damping ratio) against the subcomponent vibrational parameters identified from the measured FRF of the designed system.
A Method for Evaluation of Aerodynamic Lift and Drag Based on Statistical Mechanics
Creators: name: Peng, Haibing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite intensive applications of Navier-Stokes equations in computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) to understand aerodynamics, fundamental questions remain open since the statistical nature of discrete air molecules with random thermal motion is not considered in CFD. Here we introduce an approach based on Statistical Mechanics, termed as "Volume-Element" method, for numerical evaluation of aerodynamic lift and drag. Pressure and friction as a function of angle of attack have been obtained for canonical flat-plate airfoils, and the method is applicable to convex-shape airfoils directly and viable for concave-shape airfoils if combined with Monte Carlo simulations. This approach opens a door not only for aerodynamic applications, but also for further applications in Boson or Fermi gases.
description: Phys. Fluids, accepted for publication. New content: resolution of d'Alembert paradox; origin of "no-slip" boundary condition for Viscosity theory; effect of intermolecular scattering
Dislocation problems for periodic Schrödinger operators and mathematical aspects of small angle grain boundaries
Creators: name: Hempel, Rainer
name: Kohlmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss two types of defects in two-dimensional lattices, namely (1) translational dislocations and (2) defects produced by a rotation of the lattice in a half-space. For Lipschitz-continuous and $\Z^2$-periodic potentials, we first show that translational dislocations produce spectrum inside the gaps of the periodic problem; we also give estimates for the (integrated) density of the associated surface states. We then study lattices with a small angle defect where we find that the gaps of the periodic problem fill with spectrum as the defect angle goes to zero. To introduce our methods, we begin with the study of dislocation problems on the real line and on an infinite strip. Finally, we consider examples of muffin tin type. Our overview refers to results in [HK1, HK2].
description: 11 pages
Werner states from diagrams
Creators: name: Lyons, David W.
name: Mullican, Cristina
name: Rilatt, Adam
name: Putnam, Jack D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two results on multiqubit Werner states, defined to be those states that are invariant under the collective action of any given single-qubit unitary that acts simultaneously on all the qubits. Motivated by the desire to characterize entanglement properties of Werner states, we construct a basis for the real linear vector space of Werner invariant Hermitian operators on the Hilbert space of pure states; it follows that any mixed Werner state can be written as a mixture of these basis operators with unique coefficients. Continuing a study of "polygon diagram" Werner states constructed in earlier work, with a goal to connect diagrams to entanglement properties, we consider a family of multiqubit states that generalize the singlet, and show that their 2-qubit reduced density matrices are separable.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, minor corrections
SLIM: Sparsified Late Interaction for Multi-Vector Retrieval with Inverted Indexes
Creators: name: Li, Minghan
name: Lin, Sheng-Chieh
name: Ma, Xueguang
name: Lin, Jimmy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces Sparsified Late Interaction for Multi-vector (SLIM) retrieval with inverted indexes. Multi-vector retrieval methods have demonstrated their effectiveness on various retrieval datasets, and among them, ColBERT is the most established method based on the late interaction of contextualized token embeddings of pre-trained language models. However, efficient ColBERT implementations require complex engineering and cannot take advantage of off-the-shelf search libraries, impeding their practical use. To address this issue, SLIM first maps each contextualized token vector to a sparse, high-dimensional lexical space before performing late interaction between these sparse token embeddings. We then introduce an efficient two-stage retrieval architecture that includes inverted index retrieval followed by a score refinement module to approximate the sparsified late interaction, which is fully compatible with off-the-shelf lexical search libraries such as Lucene. SLIM achieves competitive accuracy on MS MARCO Passages and BEIR compared to ColBERT while being much smaller and faster on CPUs. To our knowledge, we are the first to explore using sparse token representations for multi-vector retrieval. Source code and data are integrated into the Pyserini IR toolkit.
Holographic studies of quasi-topological gravity
Creators: name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Paulos, Miguel F.
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-topological gravity is a new gravitational theory including curvature-cubed interactions and for which exact black hole solutions were constructed. In a holographic framework, classical quasi-topological gravity can be thought to be dual to the large $N_c$ limit of some non-supersymmetric but conformal gauge theory. We establish various elements of the AdS/CFT dictionary for this duality. This allows us to infer physical constraints on the couplings in the gravitational theory. Further we use holography to investigate hydrodynamic aspects of the dual gauge theory. In particular, we find that the minimum value of the shear-viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio for this model is $η/s \simeq 0.4140/(4π)$.
description: 45 pages, 6 figures. v2: References added