cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Toomre Sequence Revisited with HST/NICMOS: Nuclear Brightness Profiles and Colors of Interacting and Merging Galaxies
Creators: name: Rossa, Joern
name: Laine, Seppo
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Mihos, J. Christopher
name: Hibbard, John E.
name: Boeker, Torsten
name: Zabludoff, Ann I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the near-infrared properties of the nuclei in the 11 merging galaxies of the Toomre sequence, based on high spatial resolution J, H, and K imaging data using NICMOS onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The observations are less affected by dust extinction than our previous HST/WFPC2 observations and offer higher spatial resolution than existing ground-based near-IR data. We see a marginal trend for the nuclei to become bluer with advancing merger stage, which we attribute to a dispersal of dust at late times in the merging process. Our data also indicate a statistically significant trend for the nuclei in the sequence to become more luminous, within an aperture of fixed physical size and after correcting for dust extinction, with advancing merger stage. We derive K-band surface brightness profiles for those nuclei for which the morphology allows a meaningful isophotal analysis, and fit the profiles with a ``Nuker law'' for comparison with other samples of galaxies observed with HST. The majority of the nuclei have steep profiles that can be characterized as power-law type. In general, the Toomre sequence galaxies tend to have steeper profiles and higher central luminosity surface densities than E/S0's. We derive V-K color profiles for the nuclei to further address this possibility, but find that the large amounts of dust extinction complicate their interpretation. Overall, our results are consistent with the generic predictions of N-body simulations of spiral galaxy mergers. If left to evolve and fade for several Gyrs, it is possible that the properties of the Toomre sequence nuclei would resemble theproperties of the nuclei of normal E/S0 galaxies. Our results therefore support the view that mergers of spiral galaxies can lead to the formation of early-type galaxies (Abridged).
description: 46 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in AJ, article with full resolution images is available at http://www.stsci.edu/~marel/psgzdir/toomrenir.ps.gz
Heavily Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Mocatta, David
name: Cohen, Guy
name: Schattner, Jonathan
name: Millo, Oded
name: Rabani, Eran
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doping of semiconductors by impurity atoms enabled their widespread technological application in micro and opto-electronics. For colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, an emerging family of materials where size, composition and shape-control offer widely tunable optical and electronic properties, doping has proven elusive. This arises both from the synthetic challenge of how to introduce single impurities and from a lack of fundamental understanding of this heavily doped limit under strong quantum confinement. We develop a method to dope semiconductor nanocrystals with metal impurities providing control of the band gap and Fermi energy. A combination of optical measurements, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and theory revealed the emergence of a confined impurity band and band-tailing. Successful control of doping and its understanding provide n- and p-doped semiconductor nanocrystals which greatly enhance the potential application of such materials in solar cells, thin-film transistors, and optoelectronic devices.
description: Paper - 17 pages, 4 figures SI - 3 pages, 24 figures
ALL THE WAYS MY MOTHERS SEE ME
Creators: name: Hill, Kiyanna
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Creative writing

description: “All the Ways My Mothers See Me” is a collection of poems, meditating on the self-exploration of my intersectionality as a black woman and how these selves have been raised. These poems are an intimate investigation of what it means to be mothered, whether through female relationships and interactions or how the places I’ve lived have influenced my poems and myself. Divided into three sections, the poems emerge from the self interrogating memories with their biological mother and adoptive mother, along with the influence of cities such as Petersburg, Virginia and Charlottesville, VA. Though these themes seem disparate, the poems that focus on previously mentioned cities, study major historical people or events showcasing how I’ve been affected and also nurtured by these cities, people, and events. This collection is a culmination of varied approaches of what it means to be mothered and how these processes continuously affects the self.
‘THE LIFE YET OF HIS LINES SHALL NEVER OUT’: LINEATION AND POETIC AUTHORITY IN THE SHAKESPEAREAN CORPUS
Creators: name: Lind, Sarah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: English literature
subject: Theater
subject: Theater history
subject: adaptation
subject: line
subject: lineation
subject: meter
subject: poetic authority
subject: Shakespeare

description: The “line” in early modern poetics was a confusing concept due to competing definitions of line length. “Length” could refer to classical, vernacular, or visual measurement. “Length” could figuratively refer to a poet’s “line of life” where a lasting reputation was a measure of a poet’s authority, conflated with the length and measure of his or her lines. Despite the cultural importance of the line, studies of lineation are rare, and few account for the line’s assembly of definitions and vital relationship to poetic authority. This thesis therefore offers an account of lineation and the poetic authority surrounding lineation in editorial and performance traditions. It examines changes to lines in playtexts, songs, and actors’ parts through the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Shakespearean tradition. It argues that changes in ideas about lineation are both signs and consequences of the continual struggle to adapt Shakespeare’s plays to different performative and textual purposes.
THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE IN ADDRESSING HARMFUL WIDOWHOOD PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Ibrahim, -Tijani
name: Aina,, Suleiman, Musa
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Harmful, Widowhood, Practices, Widow and Guidance

description: The study investigated the influence of harmful widowhood practices on widows in Nigeria: implications for Guidance. The study was guided by it three specific objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey research design. The population of this study comprised of all widows in. A sample size of three hundred and twenty-one (321) respondents was sampled for the study. The instrument was a self-designed questionnaire titled “Harmful Widowhood Practices Questionnaire (HWPQ). Frequency counts and percentages was used to analyse the demographic data while Mean scores and Standard Deviations was used to answer the research questions also ANOVA was used to test hypotheses 1-2 while t-test was used to test hypotheses 3. The study revealed that poverty, unemployment, lack of education amongst others were some of the factors responsible for harmful widowhood practices in Nigeria, depression, financial instability, emotional instability amongst others were some of the major influence of harmful widowhood practices in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended amongst others that: information and sensitization should be created on the influence of harmful widowhood practices on widows and national development in order to bring the menace to the barest minimum if not totally eradicated.
The Transfer Matrix of Superintegrable Chiral Potts Model as the Q-operator of Root-of-unity XXZ Chain with Cyclic Representation of $U_q(sl_2)$
Creators: name: Roan, Shi-shyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We demonstrate that the transfer matrix of the inhomogeneous $N$-state chiral Potts model with two vertical superintegrable rapidities serves as the $Q$-operator of XXZ chain model for a cyclic representation of $U_{\sf q}(sl_2)$ with $N$th root-of-unity ${\sf q}$ and representation-parameter for odd $N$. The symmetry problem of XXZ chain with a general cyclic $U_{\sf q}(sl_2)$-representation is mapped onto the problem of studying $Q$-operator of some special one-parameter family of generalized $τ^{(2)}$-models. In particular, the spin-$\frac{N-1}{2}$ XXZ chain model with ${\sf q}^N=1$ and the homogeneous $N$-state chiral Potts model at a specific superintegrable point are unified as one physical theory. By Baxter's method developed for producing $Q_{72}$-operator of the root-of-unity eight-vertex model, we construct the $Q_R, Q_L$- and $Q$-operators of a superintegrable $τ^{(2)}$-model, then identify them with transfer matrices of the $N$-state chiral Potts model for a positive integer $N$. We thus obtain a new method of producing the superintegrable $N$-state chiral Potts transfer matrix from the $τ^{(2)}$-model by constructing its $Q$-operator.
description: Latex 27 Pages; Typos and errors corrected, Improved version with clearer explanations for better presentation. Terminology and notations refined. References added and updated-Journal version
A Feature Selection Method for Multi-Dimension Time-Series Data
Creators: name: Kathirgamanathan, Bahavathy
name: Cunningham, Padraig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time-series data in application areas such as motion capture and activity recognition is often multi-dimension. In these application areas data typically comes from wearable sensors or is extracted from video. There is a lot of redundancy in these data streams and good classification accuracy will often be achievable with a small number of features (dimensions). In this paper we present a method for feature subset selection on multidimensional time-series data based on mutual information. This method calculates a merit score (MSTS) based on correlation patterns of the outputs of classifiers trained on single features and the `best' subset is selected accordingly. MSTS was found to be significantly more efficient in terms of computational cost while also managing to maintain a good overall accuracy when compared to Wrapper-based feature selection, a feature selection strategy that is popular elsewhere in Machine Learning. We describe the motivations behind this feature selection strategy and evaluate its effectiveness on six time series datasets.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Conception of quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Taganov, Igor N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum cosmology describes universe as a relativistic object with an evolution defined by an equation for the energy density corresponding to the least action principle: (Taganov, 2008). In quantum cosmology this equation plays the same role as the Planck equation does in quantum physics. Universe evolution consists of not only the space expansion but also a deceleration of the course of physical time. Durations of all processes, measured by decelerating physical time, are always longer, than corresponding durations, measured by a scale of the invariable uniform Newtonian time. Quantum interpretation of the redshift phenomenon enables to estimate the Hubble parameter by means of fundamental physical constants. In the course of evolution, the universe retains the self-similarity defined by the constancy of the characteristic scale relations for micro- and mega worlds with an average fractal dimension of the typical cosmic large-scale structures D=2. Quantum cosmology advances new relations for the microwave background parameters, apparent stellar magnitudes and redshifts; formulae for the cosmological increase of the macroscopic space- and time- characteristics and evaluation of quasar redshifts and luminosities.
description: 22 pages, proceedings of the conference Problems of Practical Cosmology, June 2008, see http://ppc08.astro.spbu.ru/text_proc.html
Study of the charge correlation function in one-dimensional Hubbard heterostructures
Creators: name: Arredondo, Yesenia
name: Monien, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study inhomogeneous one-dimensional Hubbard systems using the density matrix renormalization group method. Different heterostructures are investigated whose configuration is modeled varying parameters like the on-site Coulomb potential and introducing local confining potentials. We investigate their Luttinger liquid properties through the parameter K_rho, which characterizes the decay of the density-density correlation function at large distances. Our main goal is the investigation of possible realization of engineered materials and the ability to manipulate physical properties by choosing an appropriate spatial and/or chemical modulation.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Multistage pH-responsive codelivery liposomal platform for synergistic cancer therapy
Creators: name: Zhao, Ting
name: Liang, Ce
name: Zhao, Yanrong
name: Xue, Xiangdong
name: Ma, Zhao
name: Qi, Jinlong
name: Shen, Haitao
name: Yang, Shaokun
name: Zhang, Jia
name: Jia, Qingzhong
name: Du, Qing
name: Cao, Deying
name: Xiang, Bai
name: Zhang, Hailin
name: Qi, Xianrong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Methods. Blood analysis. Results and discussion. Cell proliferation assay. Figure S1. pH-sensitive profiles of DPRP. The responses of DPRP were plotted against the incubation time at 37 °C. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05. Figure S2. Characterization of SA-R8 and SA-H8. a Principle of SA-R8/SA-H8 synthesis. b The positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrum of SA-R8. c MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of SA-H8. Figure S3. Cytotoxicity analysis of different formulations. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01. Figure S4. The inhibitory effect of different formulations on the growth of MCF-7 tumor spheroids. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. Figure S5. H&E staining of various organ tissues from MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice after treatment with different formulations. Figure S6. Blood biochemistry analysis of mice treated with 5% Glucose, free siRNA, D-LH/si-DTX and D-LH/si. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CREA: Creatinine; CK: Creatine Kinase. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3).
Multi-point Distribution Function for the Continuous Time Random Walk
Creators: name: Barkai, E.
name: Sokolov, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an explicit expression for the Fourier-Laplace transform of the two-point distribution function $p(x_1,t_1;x_2,t_2)$ of a continuous time random walk (CTRW), thus generalizing the result of Montroll and Weiss for the single point distribution function $p(x_1,t_1)$. The multi-point distribution function has a structure of a convolution of the Montroll-Weiss CTRW and the aging CTRW single point distribution functions. The correlation function $$ for the biased CTRW process is found. The random walk foundation of the multi-time-space fractional diffusion equation [Baule and Friedrich [{\em Europhysics Letters} {\bf 77} 10002 (2007)] is investigated using the unbiased CTRW in the continuum limit.
description: 7 pages
Semiclassical Quantization of Spinning Strings in AdS_4 x CP^3
Creators: name: Alday, Luis F.
name: Arutyunov, Gleb
name: Bykov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the one-loop correction to the space-time energy of a folded string in AdS_4 x CP^3 carrying spin S in AdS_4 and angular momentum J in CP^3 in the long string approximation. From this general result in the limit J << log S we obtain the one-loop correction to the cusp anomalous dimension which turns out to be -5 log 2/(2π). This value appears to be in conflict with the prediction from the recently conjectured all-loop Bethe ansatz.
description: 22 pages; v2: References added and typos corrected
DepressionNet: A Novel Summarization Boosted Deep Framework for Depression Detection on Social Media
Creators: name: Zogan, Hamad
name: Razzak, Imran
name: Jameel, Shoaib
name: Xu, Guandong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Twitter is currently a popular online social media platform which allows users to share their user-generated content. This publicly-generated user data is also crucial to healthcare technologies because the discovered patterns would hugely benefit them in several ways. One of the applications is in automatically discovering mental health problems, e.g., depression. Previous studies to automatically detect a depressed user on online social media have largely relied upon the user behaviour and their linguistic patterns including user's social interactions. The downside is that these models are trained on several irrelevant content which might not be crucial towards detecting a depressed user. Besides, these content have a negative impact on the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the model. To overcome the shortcomings in the existing automatic depression detection methods, we propose a novel computational framework for automatic depression detection that initially selects relevant content through a hybrid extractive and abstractive summarization strategy on the sequence of all user tweets leading to a more fine-grained and relevant content. The content then goes to our novel deep learning framework comprising of a unified learning machinery comprising of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) coupled with attention-enhanced Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) models leading to better empirical performance than existing strong baselines.
Cobalt (II)-catalyzed direct C3-selective C–H acyloxylation of indoles with tert-butyl peresters
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuxiang
name: Chen, Guojun
name: Li, Chenglong
name: Liu, Xiaozu
name: Liu, Peijun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A Co(II)-catalyzed direct C3-selective C–H acyloxylation of indoles has been realized with tert-butyl peresters serving as both an acyloxy source and an oxidant. This reaction features highly C3 regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance, which provides a convenient and versatile approach to the construction of valuable 3-acyloxyindoles in moderate to excellent yields.
Note About Integrability and Gauge Fixing for Bosonic String on AdS(5)xS(5)
Creators: name: Kluson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short note is devoted to the study of the integrability of the bosonic string on AdS(5)xS(5) in the uniform light-cone gauge. We construct Lax connection for gauge fixed theory and we argue that it is flat.
description: 17 pages
КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ РЕФЕРЕНДУМА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Creators: name: Караманов, Сардор
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В исследовании проанализированы сущность и особенности института референдума на основе научных трудов, ученных и действующим законодательством Республики Узбекистан, также конституционно-правовые основы референдума и сравнительный анализ законодательства о референдумах в различных странах.
InAs nanocrystals with robust p-type doping
Creators: name: Asor, Lior
name: Liu, Jing
name: Ossia, Yonatan
name: Tripathi, Durgesh C.
name: Tessler, Nir
name: Frenkel, Anatoly I.
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust control over the carrier type is fundamental for the fabrication of nanocrystal-based optoelectronic devices, such as the p-n homojunction, but effective incorporation of impurities in semiconductor nanocrystals and its characterization is highly challenging due to their small size. Herein, InAs nanocrystals, post-synthetically doped with Cd, serve as a model system for successful p-type doping of originally n-type InAs nanocrystals, as demonstrated in field-effect transistors (FETs). Advanced structural analysis, using atomic resolution electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveal that Cd impurities reside near and on the nanocrystal surface acting as substitutional p-dopants replacing Indium. Commensurately, Cd-doped InAs FETs exhibited remarkable stability of their hole conduction, mobility, and hysteretic behavior over time when exposed to air, while intrinsic InAs NCs FETs were easily oxidized and their performance quickly declined. Therefore, Cd plays a dual role acting as a p-type dopant, and also protects the nanocrystals from oxidation, as evidenced directly by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of air-exposed samples of intrinsic and Cd doped InAs NCs films. This study demonstrates robust p-type doping of InAs nanocrystals, setting the stage for implementation of such doped nanocrystal systems in printed electronic devices.
description: Paper - 34 pages, 7 figures SI - 17 pages, 9 figures
Early dissipation and viscosity
Creators: name: Bozek, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider dissipative phenomena due to the relaxation of an initial anisotropic local pressure in the fireball created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, both for the Bjorken boost-invariant case and for the azimuthally symmetric radial expansion with boost-invariance. The resulting increase of the entropy can be counterbalanced by a suitable retuning of the initial temperature. An increase of the transverse collective flow is observed. The influence of the shear viscosity on the longitudinal expansion is also studied. Viscosity reduces the cooling rate from the longitudinal work and counteracts the pressure gradients that accelerate the longitudinal flow.
description: Presented at Quark Matter 2008, February 4-10, 2008, Jaipur India
Luminosity function of binary X-ray sources calculated using the Scenario Machine
Creators: name: Bogomazov, A. I.
name: Lipunov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the ``Scenario Machine'' we have carried out a population synthesis of X-ray binaries for the purpose of modelling of X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) in different types of galaxies: star burst, spiral, and elliptical. This computer code allows to calculate, by using Monte Carlo simulations, the evolution of a large ensemble of binary systems, with proper accounting for the spin evolution of magnetized neutron stars. We show that the XLF has no universal type. It depends on the star formation rate in the galaxy. Also it is of importance to take into account the evolution of binary systems and life times of X-ray stages in theoretical models of such functions. We have calculated cumulative and differential XLFs for the galaxy with the constant star formation rate. Also we have calculated cumulative luminosity functions for different intervals of time after the star formation burst in the galaxy and curves depicting the evolution of the X-ray luminosity after the star formation burst in the galaxy.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Quantum Treatment of Continuum Electrons in the Fields of Moving Charges
Creators: name: Lee, Teck-Ghee
name: Ovchinnikov, S. Yu.
name: Sternberg, J.
name: Chupryna, V.
name: Schultz, D. R.
name: Macek, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ab initio, three-dimensional quantum mechanical calculation has been performed for the time-evolution of continuum electrons in the fields of moving charges. Here the essential singularity associated with the diverging phase factor in the continuum wave function is identified and removed analytically. As a result, the continuum components of the regularized wave function are slowly varying with time. Therefore, one can propagate continuum electrons to asymptotically large times and obtain numerically stable, well-converged ejected electron momentum spectra with very low numerical noise. As a consequence, our approach resolves outstanding controversies concerning structures in electron momentum distributions. The main conclusions are general and are illustrated here for ionization of atomic hydrogen by proton impact. Our results show that in order to obtain correct long-time free-particle propagation, the essential singularity identified here should be removed from the continuum components of solutions to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The MoveSMART physical activity web game : an experience report
Creators: name: Bray, Dylan Francis
name: 0000-0002-3324-0890
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Gamification
Physical activity
Community-based participatory research

description: Physical activity guidelines for children recommend a minimum of 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous activity according to the US Department of Health and Human Services. MoveSMART is a cooperative, web-based game created to motivate increases in physical activity while integrating curriculum-based content for elementary school students. It primarily consists of a map overlaid with module waypoints that are unlocked with progress on a class's journey across the State of Texas (4th Grade) or across the United States (5th Grade), where each waypoint includes relevant curricular content. It was originally built to be used at schools in-person under the supervision of teachers. Students participate in recess or P.E. and check-in to contribute progress that advances their class through the game by swiping RFID-enabled badges and self-reporting their level of activity (less, moderately, or very active, corresponding to red, yellow, and green buttons). Higher levels of activity correspond to farther progress in the game. However, the interaction mechanics of the game had to be changed due to the cancellation of in-person classes caused by Covid-19. To facilitate the transition to remote learning, the game was modified to enable and motivate students to participate under remote conditions. The purpose of this work is to gather information about how to best integrate the MoveSMART game with elementary school classrooms. The report serves as a thorough description of MoveSMART, including a consolidation of existing documentation, user guides, developer guides, and other miscellaneous information about the project. It also describes the successes and lessons learned during a pilot deployment during the spring of 2020 at UT Elementary School in Austin, TX and another pilot deployment during the fall of 2020 at Hornsby-Dunlap Elementary in Del Valle ISD, Texas. In addition, it describes areas identified for future work. Each section begins by overviewing non-technical details and intended use information, describing each component’s intended functionality. It then dives into technical implementation details. If your goal is to understand the system but not its implementation, ignore these technical discussions.
A squeezed quantum microcomb on a chip
Creators: name: Yang, Zijiao
name: Jahanbozorgi, Mandana
name: Jeong, Dongin
name: Sun, Shuman
name: Pfister, Olivier
name: Lee, Hansuek
name: Yi, Xu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical microresonator-based frequency comb (microcomb) provides a versatile platform for nonlinear physics studies and has wide applications ranging from metrology to spectroscopy. Deterministic quantum regime is an unexplored aspect of microcombs, in which unconditional entanglements among hundreds of equidistant frequency modes can serve as critical ingredients to scalable universal quantum computing and quantum networking. Here, we demonstrate a deterministic quantum microcomb in a silica microresonator on a silicon chip. 40 continuous-variable quantum modes, in the form of 20 simultaneously two-mode squeezed comb pairs, are observed within 1 THz optical span at telecommunication wavelengths. A maximum raw squeezing of 1.6 dB is attained. A high-resolution spectroscopy measurement is developed to characterize the frequency equidistance of quantum microcombs. Our demonstration offers the possibility to leverage deterministically generated, frequency multiplexed quantum states and integrated photonics to open up new avenues in fields of spectroscopy, quantum metrology, and scalable quantum information processing.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
The turbulent destruction of clouds - I. A k-epsilon treatment of turbulence in 2D models of adiabatic shock-cloud interactions
Creators: name: Pittard, J. M.
name: Falle, S. A. E. G.
name: Hartquist, T. W.
name: Dyson, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of a shock with a cloud has been extensively studied in the literature, where the effects of magnetic fields, radiative cooling and thermal conduction have been considered. However, the formation of fully developed turbulence has often been prevented by the artificial viscosity inherent in hydrodynamical simulations, and a uniform post-shock flow has been assumed in all previous single-cloud studies. In reality, the flow behind the shock is also likely to be turbulent, with non-uniform density, pressure and velocity structure created as the shock sweeps over inhomogenities upstream of the cloud. To address these twin issues we use a sub-grid compressible k-epsilon turbulence model to estimate the properties of the turbulence generated in shock-cloud interactions and the resulting increase in the transport coefficients that the turbulence brings. A detailed comparison with the output from an inviscid hydrodynamical code puts these new results into context. We find that cloud destruction in inviscid and k-epsilon models occurs at roughly the same speed when the post-shock flow is smooth and when the density contrast between the cloud and inter-cloud medium is less than 100. However, there are increasing and significant differences as this contrast increases. Clouds subjected to strong ``buffeting'' by a highly turbulent post-shock environment are destroyed significantly quicker. Additional calculations with an inviscid code where the post-shock flow is given random, grid-scale, motions confirms the more rapid destruction of the cloud. Our results clearly show that turbulence plays an important role in shock-cloud interactions, and that environmental turbulence adds a new dimension to the parameter space which has hitherto been studied (abridged).
description: 31 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Structural Causal Modeling for Advancement of Information System Research
Creators: name: Park, Sujin
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: A causal structure is a property of the physical world. The concept of "causal" is distinguished from "associational" given the continuity from the cause to the effect. Causation is not about co-occurrence but about the precedence of cause to effect. For decades, substantial methodological efforts have been made to observe and capture such a causal process. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or experimental designs are perhaps the most rigorous method to make causal inferences. By minimizing potential bias and confounding, RCTs enable us to disentangle true causal links from spurious relationships and explore the underlying causal mechanism. Observational designs such as natural experiments and quasi-experiments, econometric models utilizing instruments and control variables, or propensity score matching, are other methods for causal inference. Even though the manipulation of the treatment (i.e., cause) is not under our control, these approaches mimic the randomization process so that some biases inherent in the observational data can be reduced.

However, some practical considerations often limit the use of these methods. Given the non-negligible monetary and human costs, it can be challenging to conduct randomized experiments. Experiments might sometimes raise ethical and privacy concerns, especially when the research subjects are humans. In addition, the observational designs involve stringent assumptions that are often difficult to justify; for example, to be an instrument, variables need to satisfy the assumptions that the instrument is related to the exposure of interest but not directly to the outcome and is independent of confounders. Causality has great potential to transform the way we solve a variety of real-world problems, but its methodological challenges may limit our efforts to navigate numerous research opportunities. In this dissertation, we explore the recent methodological advance in causal inference and discuss its potential applicability in various areas. In Chapter 1, we introduce a novel methodology called "transportability" and discuss some practical considerations for the application of transportability while providing a detailed procedure for its implementation. In Chapter 2, we extend the applicability of the transportability framework and focus on the potential usefulness of the transportability method in enhancing the replicability of randomized experiments. Chapter 3 demonstrates how applicable the fundamental idea of the transportability framework is by considering the other potential fields for which using this causal notion can be beneficial, i.e., improving machine learning and AI models' generalizability and ethical capability.
Strain relaxation in small adsorbate islands: O on W(110)
Creators: name: Mentes, T. O.
name: Stojic, N.
name: Binggeli, N.
name: Nino, M. A.
name: Locatelli, A.
name: Aballe, L.
name: Kiskinova, M.
name: Bauer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stress-induced lattice changes in a p(1x2) ordered oxygen layer on W(110) are measured by low-energy electron diffraction. We have observed that small oxygen islands show a mismatch with the underlying lattice. Our results indicate that along [1-10] the average mismatch scales inversely with the island size as 1/L for all oxygen coverages up to 0.5 ML, while along [001] it is significant only for the smallest oxygen islands and scales as a higher power of the inverse island size. The behaviour along [1-10] is described by a one-dimensional finite-size Frenkel-Kontorova model. Using this model, together with calculated force constants, we make a quantitative estimate for the change of surface-stress upon oxygen adsorption. The result is consistent with our ab-initio calculations, which give a relative compressive stress of -4.72 N/m along [1-10] and a minute relative tensile stress of 0.15 N/m along [001]. The scaling along [001] is qualitatively explained as an effect induced by the lattice relaxation in the [1-10] direction.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Secondary B-mode polarization from Faraday rotation in clusters and galaxies
Creators: name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
name: Aghanim, Nabila
name: Langer, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the polarisation induced by Faraday rotation when Cosmic Microwave Background photons traverse magnetised plasma. We compute the secondary B-mode angular power spectrum from Faraday rotation due to magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters with masses ranging from $10^{11}$ to $10^{16.5} M_\odot$. We investigate its dependence on the electron and the magnetic field profiles. Namely, we consider both the beta-profile of electron density as well as an electron density distribution based on the Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter profile. We model the magnetic field structure in galaxies and clusters motivated by recent observations. We further account for its redshift evolution and we examine the importance of its coherence length. We find that the B-mode polarisation from Faraday rotation depends on the normalisation parameter $C_l\propto σ_8^{5-6}$. At 30 GHz for $σ_8=0.8$, the B-modes from Faraday rotation range between $0.01 {μ\rm K}^2$ and $4 \times 10^{-3} {μ\rm K}^2$ at $l=10^4$ in the case of a maximally coherent fields. For smaller coherence lengths, those amplitudes are smaller and they peak at higher multipoles.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Patterns of oyster natural mortality in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland during 1991-2017 and its relationships with environmental factors and disease
Creators: name: Doering, Kathryn Leah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Bayesian
subject: Chesapeake Bay
subject: disease
subject: natural mortality
subject: oysters
subject: structural equation modeling

description: A common method of estimating natural mortality in bivalves includes several assumptions that are likely violated for oysters Crassostrea virginica in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. In addition, while oyster disease dynamics are well studied spatially and temporally in the mid-Atlantic region, changes in disease-related relationships have not been investigated in Maryland. We developed a Bayesian estimator for natural mortality and applied it to oysters in Maryland. We then used the model output along with environmental factors and disease data to explore changes in the disease system over time. We found the largest differences in natural mortality estimates between the box count method and Bayesian model 1-3 years after a high mortality event. Some relationships changed over time in the disease system, most notably those associated with MSX, suggesting resistance to MSX has potentially developed. This work improves our estimates of natural mortality and understanding of oyster disease dynamics in Maryland.
Gap anisotropy and universal pairing scale in a spin fluctuation model for cuprates
Creators: name: Abanov, Ar.
name: Chubukov, A. V.
name: Norman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of d-wave pairing, mediated by nearly critical spin fluctuations, with the coupling strength. We show that the onset temperature for pairing, T*, smoothly evolves between weak and strong coupling, passing through a broad maximum at intermediate coupling. At strong coupling, T* is of order the magnetic exchange energy J. We argue that for all couplings, pairing is confined to the vicinity of the Fermi surface. We also find that thermal spin fluctuations only modestly reduce T*, even at criticality, but they substantially smooth the gap anisotropy. The latter evolves with coupling, being the largest at weak coupling.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Role of Processing Speed and Cognitive Control during Word Retrieval in Persons with Aphasia
Creators: name: Gehman, Megan
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Speech therapy
subject: Aphasia
subject: Cognitive Control
subject: Processing Speed
subject: Word Retrieval

description: It is possible that word retrieval is not associated with general processing speed but is associated with a highly specific cognitive process - that of inhibiting competing alternative words. This study aims to measure domain general processing speed, domain general cognitive control, domain specific linguistic processing, and domain specific linguistic selection control. Twelve PWA and 15 neurotypical controls completed all four tasks. Results: domain general processing speed and domain general cognitive control response times differed between the groups but were nonsignificant. In neurotypical adults, word retrieval response time was predicted by domain general measures. However, this pattern was not observed in PWA – rather, word retrieval was predicted by domain specific linguistic measures. The implications of these findings indicate that aphasia is ultimately defined by language deficits, and increased word retrieval times in PWA cannot be attributed to a generalized processing speed deficit.
Three-State Feshbach Resonances Mediated By Second-Order Couplings
Creators: name: Hemming, Christopher J.
name: Krems, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical study of three-state Feshbach resonances induced by second-order couplings. Such resonances arise when the scattering amplitude is modified by the interaction with a bound state that is not directly coupled to the scattering state containing incoming flux. Coupling occurs indirectly through an intermediate state. We consider two problems: (i) the intermediate state is a scattering state in a distinct open channel; (ii) the intermediate state is an off-resonant bound state in a distinct closed channel. The first problem is a model of electric-field-induced resonances in ultracold collisions of alkali metal atoms [Phys. Rev. A 75, 032709 (2007)] and the second problem is relevant for ultracold collisions of complex polyatomic molecules, chemical reaction dynamics, photoassociation of ultracold atoms, and electron - molecule scattering. Our analysis yields general expressions for the energy dependence of the T-matrix elements modified by three-state resonances and the dependence of the resonance positions and widths on coupling amplitudes for the weak-coupling limit. We show that the second problem can be generalized to describe resonances induced by indirect coupling through an arbitrary number of sequentially coupled off-resonant bound states and analyze the dependence of the resonance width on the number of the intermediate states.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures; added a reference; journal reference/DOI refer to final published version, which is a shortened and modified version of this preprint
The Endangerment of Verbal and NonVerbal Structures in Urhobo Traditional Marriage.pdf
Creators: name: Akpobọmẹ Diffrẹ-Odiete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200405 Language in Culture and Society (Sociolinguistics)
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This chapter considers how verbal and non-verbal structures may be represented in the context of marriage. Urhobo traditional marriage ceremonies and institution are rich with verbal and non-verbal structures. Video recording was used to elicit data during documentation of five actual Urhobo traditional marriage ceremonies at three Urhobo communities. A widow was also interviewed to augment the data, especially on areas of differences between historical and modern Urhobo traditional marriage ceremonies. Moreover, a comparative study of the data suggests that not all verbal structures are frequently used in contemporary marriage ceremonies. The endangerment of these structures is due to the Westernization and Christianization of Urhobo culture, particularly marriage practices. The paper insists that Urhobo Christians can use Urhobo marriage terminologies discussed in this paper without compromising their Christian faith. 
The commutative Moufang loops with minimum conditions for subloops I
Creators: name: Sandu, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: The structure of the commutative Moufang loops (CML) with minimum condition for subloops is examined. In particular it is proved that such a CML $Q$ is a finite extension of a direct product of a finite number of the quasicyclic groups, lying in the centre of the CML $Q$. It is shown that the minimum conditions for subloops and for normal subloops are equivalent in a CML. Moreover, such CML also characterized by different conditions of finiteness of its multiplication groups.
description: 18 pages
Every man for himself : a translation of Calderon's Cada uno para sí
Creators: name: Slawson, Richard Jacobson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis consists of a free verse translation of Pedro Calderón de la Barca's 1653 play Cada uno para sí. It also includes an introduction by the translator giving a brief history of the play as well as comments on the translation process used in this translation.
The Masses of Supernova Remnant Progenitors in NGC 6946
Creators: name: Koplitz, Brad
name: Johnson, Jared
name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Long, Knox S.
name: Blair, William P.
name: Murphy, Jeremiah W.
name: Dolphin, Andrew
name: Hillis, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrained the progenitor masses for 169 supernova remnants, 8 historically observed supernovae, and the black hole formation candidate in NGC 6946, finding that they are consistent with originating from a standard initial mass function. Additionally, there were 16 remnants that showed no sign of nearby star formation consistent with a core-collapse supernova, making them good Type Ia candidates. Using $Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$ broadband imaging, we measured stellar photometry of ACS/WFC fields in F435W, F555W, F606W, and F814W filters as well as WFC3/UVIS fields in F438W, F606W, and F814W. We then fitted this photometry with stellar evolutionary models to determine the ages of the young populations present at the positions of the SNRs and SNe. We then infer a progenitor mass probability distribution from the fitted age distribution. For 37 SNRs we tested how different filter combinations affected the inferred masses. We find that filters sensitive to H$α$, [N II], and [S II] gas emission can bias mass estimates for remnants that rely on our technique. Using a KS-test analysis on our most reliable measurements, we find the progenitor mass distribution is well-matched by a power-law index of $-2.6^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$, which is consistent with a standard initial mass function.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables