Rhaphiocerina hakiensis Matsumura 1916
Creators: name: Li, Zhu
name: Yang, Ding
name: Zhang, Tingting
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Stratiomyidae
Rhaphiocerina
Rhaphiocerina hakiensis

description: Rhaphiocerina hakiensis (Matsumura, 1916)
(Figs 1–12, 16)
Rhaphiocera hakiensis Matsumura, 1916. Thousand Ins. Japan. Add. 2: 372. Type locality: Japan, Kyushu, Kumamoto.
Diagnosis. Upper 2/3 of postocular rim yellow and lower 1/3 black. Mesonotum with pair of yellow longitudinal stripes. Vein M3 reduced and no longer than 1/4 of vein M2. Abdomen blackish brown with broad yellow lateral margin and lateral spots. Tergite 1 black; postero-lateral margin of tergites 2–4 with stripe-like yellow lateral spots.
Description. Male (Figs. 1–3). Body length 7.0 mm; wing length 5.0 mm. Head blackish brown. Upper frontal triangle nearly linear, blackish brown, small and bare. Lower frontal triangle bare, swollen above antenna, with a subtriangular ivory white spot. Eyes holoptic, brown and bare, ommatidia all the same size. Postocular rim wide, with pale hairs, upper 2/3 yellow and lower 1/3 black. Face and gena blackish brown with pale long hairs. Antennal scape and pedicel blackish brown with dark hairs. Flagellum yellowish brown, apical arista long, blackish brown. Antennal length ratio of scape: pedicel: flagellum (exclude arista) = 2: 3: 5. Arista 1.7 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis small, pale yellow with pale hairs.
Thorax blackish brown except humeral callus and postalar callus yellow. Notum with pair of yellow longitudinal stripes. Anterior margin of longitudinal stripes dissociative, nearly reaching front margin of notum, posterior margin of longitudinal stripes reaching scutellum, connected with yellow portion of postalar callus. Lateral and hind margins of scutellum yellow and blackish brown in the middle. Scutellar spines yellow and short. Pleuron with a broad yellow band running form humeral callus to base of wing. Thorax with pale hairs. Legs slender and unmodified. All coxae black, the rest yellow with yellow hairs. Wing hyaline, tinged with yellow, veins pale yellow with crossvein m-cu distinct. Vein R4 present, mainly two M veins arising from discal cell, vein M3 reduced, only a short stump vein visible, vein M3 no longer than 1/4 of vein M2. Haltere yellow.
Abdomen blackish brown with broad yellow lateral margin and lateral spots. Tergite 1 black; postero-lateral margins of tergites 2–4 with stripe-like yellow lateral spots; hind margin of tergite 5 yellow. Venter blackish brown. Tergite and sternite of abdomen with pale hairs. Male terminalia broken.
Female (Figs. 4–6). Body length 6.5 mm; wing length 5.0 mm. Most characters similar to male, but eyes dichoptic, blackish brown and bare. Postocular rim wide, upper 2/3 shiny yellow and lower 1/3 shiny black. Frons shiny black, bare, wider towards antenna. Frons occupying about 1/5 of head width. Part of lower frons above antenna with an oblong yellow spot. Face shiny black with sparse pale short hairs. Gena shiny black with pale long hairs. Antenna blackish brown, scape nearly as long as pedicel, flagellum spindle-shaped, apical flagellomere with slender arista. Arista about 1.5 times as long as the rest of antenna. Proboscis short, yellow with pale hairs. Spots on thorax and abdomen similar to those in male.
Female terminalia (Figs. 7–12) with one-segmented cercus, long oval with hairs. Tergite 8 subrectangular with shallow V-shaped incision at basal margin. Tergite 9 trapezoid, about twice as wide as long. Tergite 10 triangular, longer than wide. Genital furca slightly longer than wide, with straight basal margin; basal part of gentital furca rectangular, wider than long; postero-lateral projections slender and postero-median projections regularly triangular. Sternite 10 triangular with basal margin slightly concaved.
Specimen examined. 1♂, CHINA, Guangxi, Longzhou, 2006. V. 15, Yin-Xia Liao (CAU); 1♀, CHINA, Guangxi, Guilin, 1953. VI. 19, collectors unknown (IZCAS); 1♀, CHINA, Guangxi, Guilin, 1953. VI. 27, collectors unknown (IZCAS).
Distribution. China (Guangxi); Japan.
Remarks. Rhaphiocerina hakiensis (Matsumura, 1916) was first published by Lindner as a new combination when he established the new genus Rhaphiocerina in 1936. Lindner transferred the species Rhaphiocera hakiensis from the old genus Rhaphiocera to the new one Rhaphiocerina and appointed Rhaphiocerina hakiensis as the type species of the new genus (Lindner, 1936).
Rhaphiocera hakiensis was first described in Japanese as well as in English after a female specimen in 1916 (Matsumura, 1916). The species was only known from the palaearctic part of Japan while our specimens from the Guangxi province represent the first record from the Oriental region. Another unpublished female specimen is known from Taiwan (Hauser pers. communication).
The genus Rhaphiocera Macquart 1846 is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Raphiocera Maquart, 1834 (Woodley, 2001). For a long time, the incorrect spelling, Rhaphiocera was used in the literature. The genus Raphiocera Macquart 1834 is mainly distributed in the Neotropical region (11 species) and has one Australian species (Raphiocera orientalis Lindner, 1957), which might not belong in this genus (Woodley, 2001). Lindner establish the genus Rhaphiocerina, because the males are holoptic, while all Raphiocera and related genera in South America have dichoptic males. He placed the new genus in the Sarginae.
In the monograph of 2014, there is a mistake in the citing of this species. “ Rhaphiocerina hakiensis Matsumura, 1916 ” should be “ Rhaphiocera hakiensis (Matsumura, 1916) ”. Thus, “Matsumura” should surrouded with parentheses as in this paper.
description: Published as part of Li, Zhu, Yang, Ding & Zhang, Tingting, 2016, Review of the genus Rhaphiocerina Lindner (Diptera: Stratiomyinae), with description of a new species, pp. 53-60 in Zootaxa 4111 (1) on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/261359