cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of sexual abstinence for interruption of HIV transmission among individuals with acute HIV infection - Formative data from CHAVI 011
Creators: name: MacPhail, C.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Corneli, A.
Publisher: name: AOSIS (pty) Ltd
Year: 2011

description: To the Editor: We refer to the article by Parkhurst and Whiteside in the April 2010 issue of the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine. The authors suggest that a limited period of population-wide sexual abstinence might be an effective and low-cost method of interrupting the transmission of HIV, particularly among individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI).
H$β$ spectroscopy of the high-inclination black hole transient Swift J1357.2-0933 during quiescence
Creators: name: Anitra, A.
name: Sanchez, D. Mata
name: Munoz-Darias, T.
name: Di Salvo, T.
name: Iaria, R.
name: Miceli, C.
name: Padilla, M. Armas
name: Casares, J.
name: Corral-Santana, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swift J1357.2-0933 is a transient low-mass X-ray binary hosting a stellar-mass black hole. The source exhibits optical dips and very broad emission lines during both outburst and quiescence, which are thought to be the result of a high orbital inclination. We present phase-resolved spectroscopy obtained with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The spectra focus on the $\rm{H}β$ spectral region during X-ray quiescence. The emission line is exceptionally broad (full width at half maximum, FWHM > 4000 Å), in agreement with previous studies focused on $\rm{H}α$. A two-Gaussian fit to the prominent double-peaked profile reveals a periodic variability in the centroid position of the line. We also produced a diagnostic diagram aimed at constraining additional orbital parameters. Together, they allow us to independently confirm the orbital period of the system using a new dataset obtained five years after the previous outburst. However, our estimates for both the systemic velocity and the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the black hole reveal larger values than those found in previous studies. We argue that this could be explained by the precession of the disc and the presence of a hotspot. We found evidence of a narrow inner core in the double-peaked H$β$ emission profile. We studied its evolution across the orbit, finding that it is likely to result from the occultation of inner material by the outer rim bulge, further supporting the high orbital inclination hypothesis.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Measurement and interpretation of the polarization of the x-ray line emission of heliumlike Fe XXV excited by an electron beam
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Beiersdorfer, P.
name: Vogel, D. A.
name: Reed, K. J.
name: Decaux, V.
name: Scofield, J. H.
name: Widmann, K.
name: Holzer, G.
name: Forster, E.
name: Wehrhan, O.
name: Schweikhard, L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Astrophysics
Microphysics

description: The linear polarization of the 1s2p 1P1→1s2 1S0 resonance line, the 1s2p 3P1,2→1s2 1S0 intercombination lines, and the 1s2s 3S1→1s2 1S0 forbidden line was measured in heliumlike Fe XXV excited near threshold by a monoenergetic electron beam. The measurement was carried out with a high-resolution x-ray spectrometer employing a set of two analyzing crystals that acted as polarizers by selectively reflecting the individual polarization components. A value of +0.56-0.08+0.17 was determined for the polarization of the 1P1 line, -0.53-0.02+0.05 for the 3P2 line, -0.22-0.02+0.05 for the 3P1 line, and -0.076-0.007+0.007 for the 3S1 line. The measurements were compared with results from a relativistic distorted-wave calculation, which was carried out for a number of mid-Z heliumlike ions (Mg10+–Kr34+), and good agreement was found. By contrast, disagreement was noted with predictions based on Coulomb-Born calculations, allowing us to distinguish between theoretical approaches.
Sojourn Times and the Fragility Index
Creators: name: Falk, Michael
name: Hofmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G70

description: We investigate the sojourn time above a high threshold of a continuous stochastic process Y on [0,1]. It turns out that the limit, as the threshold increases, of the expected sojourn time given that it is positive, exists if the copula process corresponding to Y is in the functional domain of attraction of of an extreme value process. This limit coincides with the limit of the fragility index corresponding to finite (n-)dimensional distributions of Y as n and the threshold increase. If the process is in a certain neighborhood of a generalized Pareto process, then we can replace the constant threshold by a general threshold function and we can compute the asymptotic sojourn time distribution. An extreme value process is a prominent example. Given that there is an exceedance at some t_0 above the threshold, we can also compute the asymptotic distribution of the time cluster length, which the process spends above the threshold function.
description: 22 pages
title: Imaging in worm infestations of the body- catch me if you can!
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Parasites
subject: Cavitation
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: CNS
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To appreciate the role of imaging and to describe imaging patterns in parasitic...
Introduction
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Krueger, Anne O.
name: Snape, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Economics

description: North-South relations have been characterized by three ideological phases. The first started with a long period of ideological harmony, lasting into the early 1970s. It was interrupted by OPEC and the period of radical Southern ferment, to be followed by another, opposed divide when the United States shifted into conservative ideological posturing and actions with the first Reagan Administration. The second Reagan Administration’s shift to the Baker Plan represents the third phase but can also be regarded as consistent with that ideological position.
The Global Correspondence Principle: A Generalization
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Brecher, Richard A.
name: Hatta, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper generalizes the Global Correspondence Principle by extending, in two major ways, Paul Samuelson's 1971 analysis of the exchange rate response to an international purchasing-power transfer. We analyze the price effect of a shift in any parameter, not necessarily a transfer. We then explore the resulting adjustments in any nonprice variable such as welfare. As our analysis shows, the direction of these adjustments depends neither on whether they are small or large nor on whether equilibrium is locally stable or unstable.
title: Osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, osteochondrosis, bone infarction and osteochondritis dissecans: undoing the confusion
Creators: name: Vaz, Andre
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Bones
subject: CT
subject: Digital radiography
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To briefly, historically and comprehensively review the origin of each expression and the imaging findings of each...
Momentum Operators in Two Intervals: Spectra and Phase Transition
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
name: Pedersen, Steen
name: Tian, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47L60, 47A25, 47B25, 35F15, 42C10

description: We study the momentum operator defined on the disjoint union of two intervals. Even in one dimension, the question of two non-empty open and non-overlapping intervals has not been worked out in a way that extends the cases of a single interval and gives a list of the selfadjoint extensions. Starting with zero boundary conditions at the four endpoints, we characterize the selfadjoint extensions and undertake a systematic and complete study of the spectral theory of the selfadjoint extensions. In an application of our extension theory to harmonic analysis, we offer a new family of spectral pairs. Compared to earlier studies, it yields a more direct link between spectrum and geometry.
description: 35 pages, 20 figures
title: Retroperitoneal fetiform teratoma: characterization by ultrasound, tomography, magnetic resonance and macroscopy
Creators: name: Vaz, Andre
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To briefly review the etiology of fetiform teratoma To describe imaging and pathological findings of fetiform teratoma To perform a proper differential diagnosis between fetiform teratoma and...
title: MRI Imaging of the vagina and vulva: Pearls and pitfalls for the radiology resident
Creators: name: Lee, Janice
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Cancer
subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Genitourinary
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the anatomy and embryology of the vagina and vulva. To describe and present MRI features of congenital, benign and malignant processes of the vagina and...
125-jicr-june-2866.pdf
Creators: name: Yadav, Suraj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150402 Hospitality Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150601 Impacts of Tourism
subject: 150205 Investment and Risk Management
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour
subject: 150602 Tourism Forecasting
subject: 150603 Tourism Management

description: This study based on water and energy conservation methods followed by Double Tree by Hilton, Chinchwad, Pune. The study is undertaken to understand the water and energy consumption at Double Tree by Hilton Chinchwad, Pune. The study also highlight the benefits of conservation and the training program designed for staff to follow the water and energy conservation practices of thehotel.
title: Iatrogenic celiac trunk dissection in an attempt to embolize a splenic artery aneurysm in a patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome
Creators: name: Vaz, Andre
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Catheters
subject: Arterial access
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To report a case of iatrogenic dissection of the celiac trunk in an attempt to embolize a splenic aneurysm in a patient with median arcuate ligament...
Optimized Multi-Frequency Spectra for Applications in Radiative Feedback and Cosmological Reionization
Creators: name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: Skory, Stephen
name: Burns, Jack O.
name: Wise, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent implementation of radiative transfer algorithms in numerous hydrodynamics codes has led to a dramatic improvement in studies of feedback in various astrophysical environments. However, because of methodological limitations and computational expense, the spectra of radiation sources are generally sampled at only a few evenly-spaced discrete emission frequencies. Using one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations, we investigate the discrepancies in gas properties surrounding model stars and accreting black holes that arise solely due to spectral discretization. We find that even in the idealized case of a static and uniform density field, commonly used discretization schemes induce errors in the neutral fraction and temperature by factors of two to three on average, and by over an order of magnitude in certain column density regimes. The consequences are most severe for radiative feedback operating on large scales, dense clumps of gas, and media consisting of multiple chemical species. We have developed a method for optimally constructing discrete spectra, and show that for two test cases of interest, carefully chosen four-bin spectra can eliminate errors associated with frequency resolution to high precision. Applying these findings to a fully three-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of the early universe, we find that the HII region around a primordial star is substantially altered in both size and morphology, corroborating the one-dimensional prediction that discrete spectral energy distributions can lead to sizable inaccuracies in the physical properties of a medium, and as a result, the subsequent evolution and observable signatures of objects embedded within it.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
title: High Reliability Organisations (HROs): an information systems framework
Creators: name: Mangan, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: Attacks on critical national infrastructure (CNI) are becoming more frequent and more sophisticated. The motivations include espionage, financial gain and terrorism. High reliability organisations (HROs) are entrusted with the responsibility of operating CNI and protecting physical and information assets. The consequences of failure are severe and regulatory oversight is complex. The proliferation of new technology throughout primary systems, supply chain partners and an increasingly mobile workforce has also increased the risks for high reliability organisations. Preceding research on high reliability organisations has primarily focused on theoretical analysis of single case studies and the development of HRO hallmarks. The hallmarks have also been applied to many other industries as key components of business change programmes designed to develop high reliability cultures. Research within the information systems domain has highlighted some of the enabling HRO IS capabilities but existing studies have not applied them holistically to safety critical contexts. The aim of the research is to generate an HRO information systems framework to extend the existing knowledge of the information systems required to maintain ultra safe operations. To achieve the aim, an explanatory case study was conducted within an operational defence high reliability organisation. The research was conducted through an embedded research role accumulating 697 contact hours that provided a rich dataset of interview and observational data from 47 research participants. It included 54 real-time product activations where product users avoided life threatening injuries (or in some cases, death). The HRO information systems framework is presented across four interacting levels that span safety, systems value chain, dynamic capabilities and sociotechnical foundations. The framework provides a blueprint for the development of safety critical information systems thus contributing to the information systems domain. It can also be used as a basis for organisational comparison and generalisation across supply chains, regulators and wider industry.
Applying SMT Solvers to the Test Template Framework
Creators: name: Cristiá, Maximiliano
name: Frydman, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Test Template Framework (TTF) is a model-based testing method for the Z notation. In the TTF, test cases are generated from test specifications, which are predicates written in Z. In turn, the Z notation is based on first-order logic with equality and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. In this way, a test case is a witness satisfying a formula in that theory. Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers are software tools that decide the satisfiability of arbitrary formulas in a large number of built-in logical theories and their combination. In this paper, we present the first results of applying two SMT solvers, Yices and CVC3, as the engines to find test cases from TTF's test specifications. In doing so, shallow embeddings of a significant portion of the Z notation into the input languages of Yices and CVC3 are provided, given that they do not directly support Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory as defined in Z. Finally, the results of applying these embeddings to a number of test specifications of eight cases studies are analysed.
description: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.5826
The Challenge of Spoken Language Systems: Research Directions for the Nineties
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Cole, Ron
name: Hirschman, Lynette
name: Atlas, Les
name: Beckman, Mary
name: Biermann, Alan
name: Bush, Marcia
name: Clements, Mark
name: Cohen, Jordan
name: Garcia, Oscar
name: Hanson, Brian
name: Hermansky, Hynek
name: Levinson, Steve
name: Morgan, Nelson
name: Novick, David G.
name: Ostendorf, Mari
name: Oviatt, Sharon
name: Price, Patti
name: Silverman, Harvey
name: Spitz, Judy
name: Waibel, Alex
name: Weinstein, Clifford
name: Zahorian, Steve
name: Zue, Victor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: A spoken language system combines speech recognition, natural language processing and human interface technology. It functions by recognizing the person's words, interpreting the sequence of words to obtain a meaning in terms of the application, and providing an appropriate response back to the user. Potential applications of spoken language systems range from simple tasks, such as retrieving information from an existing database (traffic reports, airline schedules), to interactive problem solving tasks involving complex planning and reasoning (travel planning, traffic routing), to support for multilingual interactions. We examine eight key areas in which basic research is needed to produce spoken language systems: (1) robust speech recognition; (2) automatic training and adaptation; (3) spontaneous speech; (4) dialogue models; (5) natural language response generation; (6) speech synthesis and speech generation; (7) multilingual systems; and (8) interactive multimodal systems. In each area, we identify key research challenges, the infrastructure needed to support research, and the expected benefits. We conclude by reviewing the need for multidisciplinary research, for development of shared corpora and related resources, for computational support and far rapid communication among researchers. The successful development of this technology will increase accessibility of computers to a wide range of users, will facilitate multinational communication and trade, and will create new research specialties and jobs in this rapidly expanding area.
title: MDCT Findings of Bowel Obstruction in Adults: What Does The Surgeon Want To Know?
Creators: name: Tan , Timothy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Volvulus
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Colon
subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency Imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Familiarity with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of bowel obstruction in adults. 2. Recognition of possible associated complications. 3. Exclusion of mimics of bowel...
title: Medical Massive Opened Online Courses (MOOCs) - A potential new paradigm for continuous medical education in ultrasound learning for developing countries
Creators: name: Bhumiwat, Siwat
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Education and training
subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Computer applications
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Online learning has become an effective educational tool in both the supplement to the traditional classroom and the replacement of class lectures. Since 2012, massive open online courses or “MOOCs” have been established to provide professional...
Differential effects of perfectionism and anxiety on trait and ability emotional intelligence
Creators: name: Vesely, Ashley Katherine
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 58-75.
description: Includes a copy of Ethics Review forms. Originals with original copy of Partial Copyright Licence.
description: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between anxiety and perfectionism with each of ability emotional intelligence (El) and trait EI, and their respective factors. An undergraduate student sample from a Canadian university was utilized to investigate associations between each of these variables. Further, anxiety and perfectionism were combined into a model to predict ability EI, trait EI, and each of their four factors. Results indicated that anxiety and perfectionism were both more strongly associated with all trait EI variables than with ability EI variables, although anxiety was not related to Perceiving or Managing of the ability EI factors and perfectionism was not associated with any of the ability EI variables. The combination of anxiety and perfectionism predicted total trait EI, ability EI, all trait EI factors, and the ability EI factor Understanding emotions. However, perfectionism was only predictive of total trait EI and its factors Well-Being and Self-Control above and beyond anxiety. As this is one of the first studies to look at EI and perfectionism and to compare anxiety between EI conceptualizations, results provide an indication of associations between these variables and lay a foundation for further research directions. Implications of results are discussed.
Immunity to Plasmodium knowlesi H strain malaria in olive baboons
Creators: name: Mustafa, Barasa
name: Jenneby, Maamun
name: Esther, Kagasi Ambogo
name: Hastings, Ozwara Suba
name: Michael, Gicheru Muita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Malaria disease is a major global health and economic development threat. It results in approximately 2.7 million deaths annually. There is currently no vaccine that has been licensed for use against malaria. Studies in animal models, especially non-human primates can lead to the revelation of possible immunological mechanisms that can lead to protection or predisposition of the host to malaria. Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian and human malaria parasite, is an attractive experimental parasite for malaria research since it can infect olive baboons (Papio anubis), non-human primates that have similar host-pathogen interactions to humans. This study was carried out to determine host immunological profiles provoked in olive baboons during the course of an infection with Plasmodium knowlesi. A total of eight adult baboons were intravenously inoculated with overnight cultured blood stage P. knowlesi H strain parasites. Five of these baboons became acutely infected while the other three became chronically infected. The immunological basis of this dual outcome of the infection was determined by measuring circulating cytokine (T helper 1 and T helper 2) and antibody (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M) responses elicited in the infected baboons on a weekly basis by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for up to six weeks post infection. Generated data for the first time indicated that acute P. knowlesi malaria is accompanied by increased concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN gamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and IL 6 and reduced levels of circulating interleukin 10 (IL 10), IL 4, IL 12, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM in the baboon host. These results are largely agreeable with data from human studies, thereby increasing the relevance of the olive baboon - P. knowlesi experimental infection system for future malaria studies.
description: 6 Pages, 8 Figures; This study was funded by the research capability strengthening World Health Organisation (WHO) grant (Grant Number: A 50075) for malaria research in Africa under the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria/Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO-MIM/TDR). Blue highlighting on previous abstract removed, title font increased
Responses to the Intrusion of Family Responsibilities in the Workplace
Creators: name: Spilerman, Seymour
name: Schrank, Harris
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Demography

description: This paper examines two of the ways by which working women resolve the competing demands of their household and employment roles. Using data from a large insurance company we first investigate the extent to which men and women take absence days or illness days for the purpose of attending to family obligations, presumably short-term crises. We examine how the pattern of illness day taking varies with age of the employee and with age of the youngest child. We next investigate terminations from the company, using logit and survival methods, and assess the extent to which gender differences in reason for departure can be attributed to long term conflicts between the responsibilities of work and family.
Gamma Ray Burst origin and their afterglow: story of a discovery and more
Creators: name: Costa, Enrico
name: Frontera, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we review the story of the BeppoSAX discovery of the Gamma Ray Burst afterglow and their cosmological distance, starting from their first detection with Vela satellites and from the efforts done before BeppoSAX. We also discuss the consequences of the BeppoSAX discovery, the issues left open by BeppoSAX, the progress done up to now and its perspectives.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures, published in 2011 in the international refereed journal "La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento" of the Italian Physical Society, vol. 34. The occasion of this review paper was the award of the Fermi Prize 2010 to their authors "For the discovery of the X-ray afterglow of Gamma-Ray Burst with the BeppoSAX satellite" (http://www.sif.it/SIF/en/portal/activities/fermi_award)
β-Hemolysin/Cytolysin of Group B Streptococcus Enhances Host Inflammation but Is Dispensable for Establishment of Urinary Tract Infection
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Ritwij
name: Ratner, Adam Jonathan
name: Amaral, Fábio E.
name: Wang, Alice
name: Antala, Swati
name: Randis, Tara Marie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Obstetrics
Gynecology
Pathology

description: Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a major human pathogen that disproportionately affects neonates and women in the peripartum period and is an emerging cause of infection in older adults. The primary toxin of GBS, β-hemolysin/cytolysin (βH/C), has a well-defined role in the pathogenesis of invasive disease, but its role in urinary tract infection (UTI) is unknown. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we analyzed the importance of βH/C in GBS uropathogenesis. There were no significant differences in bacterial density from the bladders or kidneys from mice infected with wild-type or isogenic βH/C-deficient GBS, and competitive indices from co-infection experiments were near 1. Thus, βH/C is dispensable for the establishment of GBS-UTI. However, βH/C-sufficient GBS induced a more robust proinflammatory cytokine response in cultured bladder epithelial cells and in the urinary tracts of infected mice. Given the near ubiquity of βH/C-expressing strains in epidemiologic studies and the importance of local inflammation in dictating outcomes and sequelae of UTI, we hypothesize that βH/C-driven inflammatory signaling may be important in the clinical course of GBS-UTI.
Correspondence
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Cohen, Randolph B.
name: Beyer, Wayne
name: Bloch, Bradley
name: Starling, Elizabeth
name: Delano, D. B.
name: Cohen, Andrew Wender
name: Carney, John
name: Esrig, Dave
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "Let Them Eat Stocks," which suggested that laid-off workers be given stock options in lieu of severance pay in the U.S.; "Huddled Excesses," which argued that immigration restriction laid the groundwork for labor's gains in 1920 to 1960 in the U.S.; "Econ 2," which offered views on the issue of minimum wage increase.
Quid Pro Quo Foreign Investment
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Dinopoulos, Elias
name: Wong, Kar-Yiu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: This article discusses about issues related quid pro quo foreign investment. The theory of international trade took off in two major directions in the 1980s. First, while the 1950's through the 1970's had witnessed major developments in the theoretical analysis of factor market imperfections, the 1980s were marked by the theoretical exploration of product market imperfections. Second, trade theorists participated in pioneering the revolutionary shift in economic theorizing that has brought political processes explicitly into the analysis of economic phenomena and policy. The political-economy-theoretic reformulation and explanation of the classic questions of international economics continue to grow apace. Their analysis therefore produced an argument for intervention to encourage quid pro quo capital outflow, while the firm-level outflows were determined entirely by atomistic, myopic firms. Economic theorizing often proceeds from casual empiricism. The theorizing of the quid pro quo DFI phenomenon is no exception.
Nomia walkeri DE DALLA TORRE 1896
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Nomia
Nomia walkeri

description: Nomia walkeri DE DALLA TORRE, 1896
Nomia walkeri m.: DE DALLA TORRE 1896: 170 (replacement name for N. rufiventris WALKER, world cat. (Djibouti, not Egypt)).
Nomia walkeri DE DALLA TORRE, 1896: WARNCKE 1976: 114 (tax., type lost, not in BMNH).
Nomia walkeri DE DALLA TORRE, 1896: PAULY 1990: 172 (tax., not seen).
Nomia walkeri DE DALLA TORRE, 1896: PESENKO 1997: 502 (tax.).
* Nomia rufiventris n.sp.: WALKER 1871a: 44 (descr. ♀, Tadjoura).
Osmia rufiventris (WALKER, 1871): INNES BEY 1911: 105 (Tadjoura, cat. Lord Collection).
Nomia rufiventris WALKER, 1871: PESENKO 1997: 502 (tax.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tadjoura.
Nomia walkeri, which is only known from Djibouti, is not mentioned in FRIESE (1909a) and EARDLEY & URBAN (2010). Nomia rufiventris WALKER, 1871 is a junior homonym of Nomia rufiventris SPINOLA, 1839.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on pages 936-937, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Turbulent dynamo action and its effects on the mixing at the convective boundary of an idealized oxygen-burning shell
Creators: name: Leidi, G.
name: Andrassy, R.
name: Higl, J.
name: Edelmann, P. V. F.
name: Röpke, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Convection is one of the most important mixing processes in stellar interiors. Hydrodynamic mass entrainment can bring fresh fuel from neighboring stable layers into a convection zone, modifying the structure and evolution of the star. Under some conditions, strong magnetic fields can be sustained by the action of a turbulent dynamo, adding another layer of complexity and possibly altering the dynamics in the convection zone and at its boundaries. In this study, we used our fully compressible Seven-League Hydro code to run detailed and highly resolved three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent convection, dynamo amplification, and convective boundary mixing in a simplified setup whose stratification is similar to that of an oxygen-burning shell in a star with an initial mass of $25\ M_\odot$. We find that the random stretching of magnetic field lines by fluid motions in the inertial range of the turbulent spectrum (i.e., a small-scale dynamo) naturally amplifies the seed field by several orders of magnitude in a few convective turnover timescales. During the subsequent saturated regime, the magnetic-to-kinetic energy ratio inside the convective shell reaches values as high as $0.33$, and the average magnetic field strength is ${\sim}10^{10}\,\mathrm{G}$. Such strong fields efficiently suppress shear instabilities, which feed the turbulent cascade of kinetic energy, on a wide range of spatial scales. The resulting convective flows are characterized by thread-like structures that extend over a large fraction of the convective shell. The reduced flow speeds and the presence of magnetic fields with strengths up to $60\%$ of the equipartition value at the upper convective boundary diminish the rate of mass entrainment from the stable layer by ${\approx}\,20\%$ as compared to the purely hydrodynamic case.
title: Cracked ball and socket- Imaging of Acetabular Fractures
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Trauma
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1.To review acetabular imaging anatomy 2.To describe the spectrum of radiographic findings in acetabular fractures. 3.To make accurate categorization of acetabular...
An infrared FWHM-$K_2$ correlation to uncover highly reddened quiescent black holes
Creators: name: Cúneo, V. A.
name: Casares, J.
name: Padilla, M. Armas
name: Sánchez-Sierras, J.
name: Corral-Santana, J. M.
name: Maccarone, T. J.
name: Sánchez, D. Mata
name: Muñoz-Darias, T.
name: Torres, M. A. P.
name: Vincentelli, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the sample of Galactic transient X-ray binaries (SXTs) discovered to date, about 70 have been proposed as likely candidates to host a black hole. Yet, only 19 have been dynamically confirmed. Such a reliable confirmation requires phase-resolved spectroscopy of their companion stars, which is generally feasible when the system is in a quiescent state. However, since most of the SXT population lies in the galactic plane, which is strongly affected by interstellar extinction, their optical brightness during quiescence usually falls beyond the capabilities of the current instrumentation ($R\gtrsim22$). To overcome these limitations and thereby increase the number of confirmed Galactic black holes, a correlation between the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the H$α$ line and the semi-amplitude of the donor's radial velocity curve ($K_2$) was presented in the past. Here, we extend the FWHM-$K_2$ correlation to the near-infrared (NIR), exploiting disc lines such as He I $λ$10830, Pa$γ$, and Br$γ$, in a sample of dynamically confirmed black-hole SXTs. We obtain $K_2 = 0.22(3) ~\textrm{FWHM}$, in good agreement with the optical correlation derived using H$α$. The similarity of the two correlations seems to imply that the widths of H$α$ and the NIR lines are consistent in quiescence. When combined with information on orbital periods, the NIR correlation allows us to constrain the mass of the compact object of systems in quiescence by using single-epoch spectroscopy. We anticipate that this new correlation will give access to highly reddened black-hole SXTs, which cannot be otherwise studied at optical wavelengths.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Optimizing re-evaluation of malware distribution networks
Creators: name: Zeeuwen, Kyle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The retrieval and analysis of malicious content is an essential task for security researchers. Security labs use automated HTTP clients known as client honeypots to visit hundreds of thousands of suspicious URLs daily. The dynamic nature of malware distribution networks necessitate periodic re-evaluation of a subset of the confirmed malicious sites, which introduces two problems: 1) the number of URLs requiring re-evaluation exhaust available resources, and 2) repeated evaluation exposes the system to adversarial blacklisting, which affects the accuracy of the content collected. To address these problems, I propose optimizations to the re-evaluation logic that reduce the number of re-evaluations while maintaining a constant sample discovery rate during URLs re-evaluation. I study these problems in two adversarial scenarios: 1) monitoring malware repositories where no provenance is available, and 2) monitoring Fake Anti-Virus (AV) distribution networks. I perform a study of the adversary by repeatedly content from the distribution networks. This reveals trends in the update patterns and lifetimes of the distribution sites and malicious executables. Using these observations I propose optimizations to reduce the amount of re-evaluations necessary to maintain a high malicious sample discovery rate. In the first scenario the proposed techniques, when evaluated versus a fixed interval scheduler, are shown to reduce the number of re-evaluations by 80-93% (assuming a re-evaluation interval of 1 hour to 1 day) with a corresponding impact on sample discovery rate of only 2-7% percent. In the second scenario, optimizations proposed are shown to reduce fetch volume by orders of magnitude and, more importantly, reduce the likelihood of blacklisting. During direct evaluation of malware repositories I observe multiple instances of blacklisting, but on the whole, less than 1% of the repositories studied show evidence of blacklisting. Fake AV distribution networks actively blacklist IPs; I encountered repeated occurrences of IP blacklisting while monitoring Fake AV distribution networks.
Additional file 1 of HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among female sex workers in Togo in 2017: a cross-sectional national study
Creators: name: Bitty-Anderson, Alexandra M.
name: Gbeasor-Komlanvi, Fifonsi A.
name: Tchankoni, Martin Kouame
name: Sadio, Arnold
name: Salou, Mounerou
name: Coffie, Patrick A.
name: Dagnra, Claver A.
name: Ekouevi, Didier K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Analytical and inverse models for leakage characterization of co2 storage
Creators: name: Zeidouni, Mehdi
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 227
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes copies of copyright permission. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: C02 Storage (CS) in deep saline aquifers is a means of reducing atmospheric emissions of C02 to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Injecting large amounts of C02 is proposed over a relatively short period of time. C02 injectivity depends on number of parameters including the salt dry-out due to vaporization of the native brine by injected C02. In the first part of this dissertation, salt dry-out during C02 injection is studied . Salt dry-out can plug the reservoir and reduce C02 injectivity. An analytical solution to evaluate the amount of salt precipitation and the region over which it occurs is developed. A time-dependent skin factor is introduced to assess the effect of salt dry-out on the permeability. The analytical model is used to study the sensitivity of precipitated salt saturation and C02 plume extension to different reservoir parameters including: aquifer pressure, temperature, salinity, relative permeability functions , and volume change upon mixing. One of the essential concerns in geologic storage of C02 in deep saline aquifers is the risk of C02 leakage. The sealing capacity of the cap-rock overlying the storage aquifer must therefore be evaluated, so characterization of the cap-rock is required even before starting the storage operations. Aqueous fluids can be injected in the target storage aquifer and the pressure change due to leakage can be monitored in an upper aquifer separated by a cap-rock. The main focus of this dissertation is on leakage characterization through pressure monitoring. Two new analytical forward solutions are derived which relate leak properties to pressure change at the monitoring aquifer. Using the analytical solutions significantly reduces the computational cost of solving leakage inverse problem, assist with decomposing the effect of different leakage parameters on pressure, and improve understanding the leakage dynamics. Obtaining the location and the transmissibility of the leak based on the pressure measurement is investigated. Uniqueness and stability of the solution is analyzed based on the inversion analysis techniques. Leak parameters are estimated over a wide confidence interval in response to pressure measurement error. A graphical method to obtain the leak parameters through analysis of pressure derivative is presented. The graphical method findings are used in a two-step manner to estimate the leak parameters with higher confidence. Design considerations to maximize the capability of leakage characterization are presented including pressure sampling frequency , pulsing, and multiple injectors/monitors. Placement of the monitoring well is investigated to ensure acquiring sufficient information for closely estimating the leak location and transmissibility.
Additional file 2 of Ciclopirox targets cellular bioenergetics and activates ER stress to induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Creators: name: Lu, Junwan
name: Li, Yujie
name: Gong, Shiwei
name: Wang, Jiaxin
name: Lu, Xiaoang
name: Jin, Qiumei
name: Lu, Bin
name: Chen, Qin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures (Figure S1–S4) and supplementary Tables (Table S1–S3).
The higher grading structure of the WKI hierarchy and the two-component short pulse equation
Creators: name: Franca, G. S.
name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A higher grading affine algebraic construction of integrable hierarchies, containing the Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa (WKI) hierarchy as a particular case, is proposed. We show that a two-component generalization of the Sch\" afer-Wayne short pulse equation arises quite naturally from the first negative flow of the WKI hierarchy. Some novel integrable nonautonomous models are also proposed. The conserved charges, both local and nonlocal, are obtained from the Riccati form of the spectral problem. The loop-soliton solutions of the WKI hierarchy are systematically constructed through gauge followed by reciprocal B\" acklund transformation, establishing the precise connection between the whole WKI and AKNS hierarchies. The connection between the short pulse equation with the sine-Gordon model is extended to a correspondence between the two-component short pulse equation and the Lund-Regge model.
Translating Collocations for Bilingual Lexicons: A Statistical Approach
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Smadja, Frank
name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: Collocations are notoriously difficult for non-native speakers to translate, primarily because they are opaque and cannot be translated on a word-by-word basis. We describe a program named Champollion which, given a pair of parallel corpora in two different languages and a list of collocations in one of them, automatically produces their translations. Our goal is to provide a tool for compiling bilingual lexical information above the word level in multiple languages, for different domains. The algorithm we use is based on statistical methods and produces p-word translations of n-word collocations in which n and p need not be the same. For example, Champollion translates make...decision, employment equity, and stock market into prendre...décision, équité en matière d'emploi, and bourse respectively. Testing Champollion on three years' worth of the Hansards corpus yielded the French translations of 300 collocations for each year, evaluated at 73% accuracy on average. In this paper, we describe the statistical measures used, the algorithm, and the implementation of Champollion, presenting our results and evaluation.
title: Eponyms of Avascular Necrosis of Different Bones - Am I dead?
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review of avascular necrosis (AVN) etiologies, common sites and related pathophysiology. TO recognize AVN radiologic aspects in different modalities, such as conventional radiology/CT and...