cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Self-organization versus top-down planning in the evolution of a city
Creators: name: Barthelemy, Marc
name: Bordin, Patricia
name: Berestycki, Henri
name: Gribaudi, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interventions of central, top-down planning are serious limitations to the possibility of modelling the dynamics of cities. An example is the city of Paris (France), which during the 19th century experienced large modifications supervised by a central authority, the `Haussmann period'. In this article, we report an empirical analysis of more than 200 years (1789-2010) of the evolution of the street network of Paris. We show that the usual network measures display a smooth behavior and that the most important quantitative signatures of central planning is the spatial reorganization of centrality and the modification of the block shape distribution. Such effects can only be obtained by structural modifications at a large-scale level, with the creation of new roads not constrained by the existing geometry. The evolution of a city thus seems to result from the superimposition of continuous, local growth processes and punctual changes operating at large spatial scales.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures; published (online) in Nature Scientific Reports
Additional file 1 of An assessment of a ‘training-of-trainers programme for clinic committees’ in a South African district: a qualitative exploratory study
Creators: name: Esau, Natasha
name: English, René
name: Maylene Shung-King
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Study questionnaires (KII and FGD)
Examining Educational Aid Distribution in the United States
Creators: name: DeBaun, Bill
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Education--Finance
subject: Education and state
subject: School management and organization
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: "Outside of arguments for and against targeting policies, literature related to the education reform movement rarely explores the extent to which states truly target their aid to school districts and under what conditions (either at the local or state level) they do so. The study aims to reveal patterns by which states distribute funds to school districts. While results from this study address a number of related questions, its central focus is to assess the extent to which U.S. states—relative to how they have in the past—distribute their education aid on the basis of school district enrollment and district poverty. Other queries are addressed in this study. If states are not targeting their funds on the basis of school district enrollment, on what basis are they doing so? Do certain conditions or characteristics determine the amount of aid school districts receive? Can the presence or absence of some statewide characteristics—like which political party controls the state or whether the state supreme court has issued a ruling on the state’s education system—make a state more or less likely to engage in targeting practices? Some of these questions have been considered in the scholarly literature, but the age of most studies hinders their contemporary relevance.
This study investigates the above questions to determine states’ current practices of targeting education aid to school districts. The rest of this paper proceeds in the following order. Section II outlines previous research related to the educational finance reform movement. Section III outlines data and empirical model used in the study. Section IV presents the study’s main findings, and Section V concludes."--from pages 71-72
Additional file 4 of Reliability of tibiofemoral contact area and centroid location in upright, open MRI
Creators: name: Schmidt, Andrew M.
name: Stockton, David J.
name: Hunt, Michael A.
name: Yung, Andrew
name: Masri, Bassam A.
name: Wilson, David R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Additional file 4.
Israeli Unilateralism: A Comparative Approach
Creators: name: Natanzon, Idon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: International relations

description: "In order to further understand the decision-making process that leads to unilateral withdrawal, this paper will focus on two recent Israeli examples: the military pullout from southern Lebanon in 2000 and the disengagement of settlers and military posts from the Gaza Strip and northern West Bank in 2005. An analysis and comparison of Israeli leadership and discourse in the two episodes will show the factors and common characteristics behind the repeated Israeli decision to unilaterally withdraw as a means to lessen conflict. It is important to note that this analysis will be largely restricted to the internal Israeli debate regarding its own policies, and that only Israeli factors will be considered, insofar as they relate to the specific concerns within decision-making processes. Further work must be conducted in order to examine the concurrent debate that unquestionably arose within Lebanese and Palestinian societies."--from page 2
The Boundaries of Digital Activism: Dissident Use of Social Media in Iran
Creators: name: Kumar, Nishi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Election protests (Iran : 2009)
subject: Human rights
subject: Freedom of speech
subject: Social media
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Internet

description: "This paper examines the various ways Internet social media networks and new media were used in the June 2009 Iranian demonstrations following the contentious presidential election, the effectiveness of these media in mobilizing and informing domestic and international audiences, and the implications for freedom of speech, democratic norms, and human rights in Iran. While social media played an important role in providing news and images to the global audience, its domestic use was limited due to widespread distrust and government censorship. Although new technology and digital activism enabled a flow of information that would not traditionally exist in a closed society, the contributions to Iranian democracy and human rights were negligible and possibly even harmful."--from page 167
Additional file 2 of Reliability of tibiofemoral contact area and centroid location in upright, open MRI
Creators: name: Schmidt, Andrew M.
name: Stockton, David J.
name: Hunt, Michael A.
name: Yung, Andrew
name: Masri, Bassam A.
name: Wilson, David R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Additional file 2.
Dynamics and termination cost of spatially coupled mean-field models
Creators: name: Caltagirone, Francesco
name: Franz, Silvio
name: Morris, Richard
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work is motivated by recent progress in information theory and signal processing where the so-called `spatially coupled' design of systems leads to considerably better performance. We address relevant open questions about spatially coupled systems through the study of a simple Ising model. In particular, we consider a chain of Curie-Weiss models that are coupled by interactions up to a certain range. Indeed, it is well known that the pure (uncoupled) Curie-Weiss model undergoes a first order phase transition driven by the magnetic field, and furthermore, in the spinodal region such systems are unable to reach equilibrium in sub-exponential time if initialized in the metastable state. By contrast, the spatially coupled system is, instead, able to reach the equilibrium even when initialized to the metastable state. The equilibrium phase propagates along the chain in the form of a travelling wave. Here we study the speed of the wave-front and the so-called `termination cost'--- \textit{i.e.}, the conditions necessary for the propagation to occur. We reach several interesting conclusions about optimization of the speed and the cost.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Dual Enrollment for College Completion: Policy Recommendations for Tennessee
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: To meet its college completion goals Tennessee enacted a ground-breaking array of postsecondary education reforms. These include revising the funding system for state colleges and universities; implementing coherent transfer curricula, course numbers, and pathways; and reforming the structure and delivery of developmental education. These reforms have garnered national attention and are likely to improve completion rates among students entering Tennessee’s postsecondary institutions. But alone, they may not be enough.The seeds of college completion begin well before students ever arrive at the college door. In order to achieve its completion goals, Tennessee must ensure that larger numbers of students enter college—for if students do not enroll, they cannot finish. Developing a robust postsecondary pipeline requires that students be academically ready and financially able to enter college. Currently, too many Tennessee high school students are not ready for college—decreasing the total number of potential college graduates in the state. Notably, according to Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) statistics, fewer than 60 percent of the state’s high school graduates enroll in college the following fall. Moreover, according to the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB), students in Tennessee’s public two- and four-year colleges rely on grants and loans to a greater degree than the national average. Ensuring that Tennessee students enter college and can afford to remain enrolled until they graduate are essential steps toward improving the college completion pipeline. Without a robust pool of students entering and staying in college, it is not possible to meet the state’s goals.
Additional file 1 of Alcohol use disorders, beverage preferences and the influence of alcohol marketing: a preliminary study
Creators: name: Landreat, Morgane Guillou
name: Beauvais, Céline
name: Bronnec, Marie Grall
name: Goff, Delphine Le
name: Reste, Jean Yves Le
name: Lever, Delphine
name: Dany, Antoine
name: Morvan, Karine Gallopel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials- Questionnaire of the study
Measurement of light charged particles in the decay channels of medium-mass excited compound nuclei
Creators: name: Valdre', S.
name: Barlini, S.
name: Casini, G.
name: Pasquali, G.
name: Piantelli, S.
name: Carboni, S.
name: Cinausero, M.
name: Gramegna, F.
name: Marchi, T.
name: Baiocco, G.
name: Bardelli, L.
name: Benzoni, G.
name: Bini, M.
name: Blasi, N.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Brambilla, S.
name: Bruno, M.
name: Camera, F.
name: Corsi, A.
name: Crespi, F.
name: Agostino, M. D
name: Degerlier, M.
name: Kravchuk, V. L.
name: Leoni, S.
name: Million, B.
name: Montanari, D.
name: Morelli, L.
name: Nannini, A.
name: Nicolini, R.
name: Poggi, G.
name: Vannini, G.
name: Wieland, O.
name: Bednarczyk, P.
name: Ciemała, M.
name: Dudek, J.
name: Fornal, B.
name: Kmiecik, M.
name: Maj, A.
name: Matejska-Minda, M.
name: Mazurek, K.
name: Meczynski, W.
name: Myalski, S.
name: Styczen, J.
name: Zieblinski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 48Ti on 40Ca reactions have been studied at 300 and 600 MeV focusing on the fusion-evaporation (FE) and fusion-fission (FF) exit channels. Energy spectra and multiplicities of the emitted light charged particles have been compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on the statistical model. Indeed, in this mass region (A about 100) models predict that shape transitions can occur at high spin values and relatively scarce data exist in the literature about coincidence measurements between evaporation residues and light charged particles. Signals of shape transitions can be found in the variations of the lineshape of high energy gamma rays emitted from the de-excitation of GDR states gated on different region of angular momenta. For this purpose it is important to keep under control the FE and FF processes, to regulate the statistical model parameters and to control the onset of possible preequilibrium emissions from 300 to 600 MeV bombarding energy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to conference proceedings of the 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013) Journal-ref: 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Firenze : Italy (2013)
Projections for the Palestinian Revolution
Creators: name: Eisenbach, Dave
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Dispute resolution (Law)

description: "The establishment of an autonomous Palestinian state in the West Bank is not in the true interest of the Palestinian people. Those who think immediate autonomy would be another step toward a new and improved world order disregard the history of almost every revolution from 1789 to 1989. The history of Israel, the West Bank, and Jordan indicates that if the Palestinians remain patient, within 20 years, they will peacefully assume control of a democratic government with an established bureaucracy, legal system, and economy.
"Land for Peace" is a catchy phrase, but it is also a dangerous over-simplification which ignores political reality and historical trends. Israel's refusal to allow truly democratic elections and political freedoms has prevented Palestine from establishing a democratic tradition. Given the political oppression and violence of the last 25-year Israeli occupation, military and political withdrawal would be equivalent to the overthrow of an authoritarian or totalitarian system. Two centuries of history show that after the initial revolutionary euphoria wears off, the united revolutionary opposition (i.e. the Third Estate, Solidarity, and perhaps the PLO) splinters into conflicting groups that struggle to fill the power vacuum. Revolutionary states without democratic traditions slip into anarchy, civil war, and/or tyranny as in the cases of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century French governments. Even if the Palestinians were to establish a democratic government immediately after their autonomy was granted, the lack of a democratic tradition would make them susceptible to the same civil strife and tyranny that undermined the Weimar Republic."--from page 26
On Convergence of Approximate Message Passing
Creators: name: Caltagirone, Francesco
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximate message passing is an iterative algorithm for compressed sensing and related applications. A solid theory about the performance and convergence of the algorithm exists for measurement matrices having iid entries of zero mean. However, it was observed by several authors that for more general matrices the algorithm often encounters convergence problems. In this paper we identify the reason of the non-convergence for measurement matrices with iid entries and non-zero mean in the context of Bayes optimal inference. Finally we demonstrate numerically that when the iterative update is changed from parallel to sequential the convergence is restored.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Classifying Orders in the Sklyanin Algebra
Creators: name: Rogalski, D.
name: Sierra, S. J.
name: Stafford, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14A22, 14H52, 16E65, 16P40, 16S38, 16W50, 18E15

description: One of the major open problems in noncommutative algebraic geometry is the classification of noncommutative surfaces, and this paper resolves a significant case of this problem. Specifically, let S denote the 3-dimensional Sklyanin algebra over an algebraically closed field k and assume that S is not a finite module over its centre. (This algebra corresponds to a generic noncommutative P^2.) Let A be any connected graded k-algebra that is contained in and has the same quotient ring as a Veronese ring S^(3n). Then we give a reasonably complete description of the structure of A. This is most satisfactory when A is a maximal order, in which case we prove, subject to a minor technical condition, that A is a noncommutative blowup of S^(3n) at a (possibly non-effective) divisor on the associated elliptic curve E. It follows that A has surprisingly pleasant properties; for example it is automatically noetherian, indeed strongly noetherian, and has a dualizing complex.
description: 55 pages
The Experiences of Autistic Young People and Managed Moves
Creators: name: Mahdi, Shahinaz
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2022
Subjects: Autism
autistic
managed move
exclusion
inclusion
managed transfer
school placement
alternative provision

description: Managed moves were introduced to the UK policy landscape in 1999 as a way of avoiding permanent exclusions for young people, giving them an opportunity to have a ‘fresh start’ at a different school. Guidance defining managed moves and the processes involved is limited. Research suggests that managed move practice is varied and inconsistent across the country. There is currently no research exploring managed moves involving Autistic Young People, this is despite evidence pointing to Autistic children being at a greater risk of placement breakdowns due to exclusions, including managed moves. The aim of this research is to address this gap in the literature by focusing on Autistic young peoples’ experience of managed moves. Autism theory from the Autistic community is drawn upon, and in particular Milton’s Double Empathy Theory. This theory reframes discourses of social communication and interaction deficits (e.g. theory of mind) as a ‘a two-way’ predicament; with non-Autistic individuals also experiencing difficulties in understanding and effectively responding to Autistic individuals. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory provides a framework for considering YP’s situated experience of managed moves. Therefore, the study looks into the YP’s accounts as well as the accounts of staff embedded within school and LA systems. Four Autistic young people and six members of staff were interviewed and data was analysed thematically using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Key themes from the perspective of autistic YP and staff are identified and implications for educational psychology practice are discussed.
Bringing Developmental Education to Scale: Lessons from the Developmental Education Initiative
Creators: name: Quint, Janet C.
name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Byndloss, D. Crystal
name: Magazinnik, Asya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: While over half of all community college students are judged to need developmental (or remedial) reading, composition, and/or mathematics classes, these courses — which students are often required to complete before they can enroll in courses that confer credit toward a degree — typically present major roadblocks to student progress. To address this issue, the Developmental Education Initiative (DEI) was created in 2009. Fifteen highly diverse community colleges that had been early participants in Achieving the Dream, a national community college reform network, each received a three-year grant of $743,000 to scale up existing interventions or establish new ones that would help students progress through developmental courses more quickly and successfully. The colleges typically identified two or three “focal strategies” — most often, student support services and new instructional strategies — for achieving these goals. This second and final report from the evaluation relies on both qualitative and quantitative data to examine the implementation of these focal strategies.
COSMOS A Context Sensitive Model For Dynamic Configuration Of Smartphones Using Multifactor Analysis
Creators: name: Kuppusamy, K. S.
name: Francis, Leena Mary
name: Aghila, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U35

description: With the prolific growth in usage of smartphones across the spectrum of people in the society it becomes mandatory to handle and configure these devices effectively to achieve optimum results from it. This paper proposes a context sensitive model termed COSMOS (COntext Sensitive MOdel for Smartphones) for configuring the smartphones using multifactor analysis with the help of decision trees. The COSMOS model proposed in this paper facilitates the configuration of various smartphone settings implicitly based on the user's current context, without interrupting the user for various inputs. The COSMOS model also proposes multiple context parameters like location, scheduler data, recent call log settings etc to decide the appropriate settings for the smartphones. The proposed model is validated by a prototype implementation in the Android platform. Various tests were conducted in the implementation and the settings relevancy metric value of 90.95% confirms the efficiency of the proposed model.
description: 12 Pages, 5 Figures
Revisiting NAFTA: Reality for Mexico’s Small Corn Farmers
Creators: name: Broholm, Sergio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics
Latin Americans
International relations

description: As part of its attempt to modernize the economy and encourage private investment, the Mexican government under President Salinas de Gortari negotiated provisions in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that were designed to ease Mexico’s corn sector into free trade with the United States. Most of these provisions and promises of domestic reform were not implemented or carried out to their full potential, leading to a wide gap between how experts publicly predicted small-scale corn farmers would adjust to trade liberalization and how they actually have. These discrepancies have had harmful effects on areas ranging from the environment to income equality to Foreign Direct Investment.
Hierarchical exchangeability of pure states in mean field spin glass models
Creators: name: Panchenko, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60G09, 82B44

description: The main result in this paper is motivated by the Mézard-Parisi ansatz which predicts a very special structure for the distribution of spins in diluted mean field spin glass models, such as the random K-sat model. Using the fact that one can safely assume the validity of the Ghirlanda-Guerra identities in these models, we prove hierarchical exchangeability of pure states for the asymptotic Gibbs measures, which allows us to apply a representation result for hierarchically exchangeable arrays recently proved in arXiv:1301.1259. Comparing this representation with the predictions of the Mézard-Parisi ansatz, one can see that the key property still missing is that the multi-overlaps between pure states depend only on their overlaps.
Squaring the square with integer linear programming
Creators: name: Kurz, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C10, 05C90, 68R10

description: We consider so-called squaring the square-puzzles where a given square (or rectangle) should be dissected into smaller squares. For a specific instance of such problems we demonstrate that a mathematically rigorous solution can be quite involved. As an alternative to exhaustive enumeration using tailored algorithms we describe the general approach of formulating the problem as an integer linear program.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Ground state of the double-well condensate for quantum metrology
Creators: name: Javanainen, Juha
name: Chen, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss theoretically the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive atom-atom interactions in a double-well trap as a starting point of Heisenberg-limited atom interferometry. The dimensionless parameter governing the quality of the ground state for this purpose is identified. The near-degeneracy between the ground state and the first excited state severely curtails the prospects of the thermally prepared ground state in quantum metrology.
Cooperation and Integration: Recommendations for Transatlantic Energy Security
Creators: name: Stetsenko, Andrei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics
International relations
Power resources

description: "This paper aims to address this issue by analyzing the roots and effects of the disunity of European energy markets, noting the U.S. interest in an integrated, reformed European energy market, outlining policies that mitigate dependence on imported energy, providing two case studies which illustrate the drawbacks of current policy and potential of new proposals, and finally suggesting three major platforms of reform to be pursued jointly by the United States and the European Union. I argue that a European Union featuring a more competitive private energy market operating in the context of robust institutional oversight would enjoy significantly greater commercial and diplomatic leverage – particularly with regards to supplier states such as Russia."--from pages 71-72
Tests of hadronic vacuum polarization fits for the muon anomalous magnetic moment
Creators: name: Golterman, Maarten
name: Maltman, Kim
name: Peris, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using experimental spectral data for hadronic tau decays from the OPAL experiment, supplemented by a phenomenologically successful parameterization for the high-s region not covered by the data, we construct a physically constrained model of the isospin-one vector-channel polarization function. Having such a model as a function of Euclidean momentum Q^2 allows us to explore the systematic error associated with fits to the Q^2 dependence of lattice data for the hadronic electromagnetic current polarization function which have been used in attempts to compute the leading order hadronic contribution, a_μ^HLO, to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. In contrast to recent claims made in the literature, we find that a final error in this quantity of the order of a few percent does not appear possible with current lattice data, given the present lack of precision in the determination of the vacuum polarization at low Q^2. We also find that fits to the vacuum polarization using fit functions based on Vector Meson Dominance are unreliable, in that the fit error on a_μ^HLO is typically much smaller than the difference between the value obtained from the fit and the exact model value. The use of a sequence of Pade approximants known to converge to the true vacuum polarization appears to represent a more promising approach.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Maxwell's Refrigerator: An Exactly Solvable Model
Creators: name: Mandal, Dibyendu
name: Quan, H. T.
name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a simple and solvable model of a device that -- like the "neat-fingered being" in Maxwell's famous thought experiment -- transfers energy from a cold system to a hot system by rectifying thermal fluctuations. In order to accomplish this task, our device requires a memory register to which it can write information: the increase in the Shannon entropy of the memory compensates the decrease in the thermodynamic entropy arising from the flow of heat against a thermal gradient. We construct the nonequilibrium phase diagram for this device, and find that it can alternatively act as an eraser of information. We discuss our model in the context of the second law of thermodynamics.
description: 9 pages (Main Text + Supplemental Material), 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Additional file 1 of Colonocyte-derived lactate promotes E. coli fitness in the context of inflammation-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis
Creators: name: Taylor, Savannah J.
name: Winter, Maria G.
name: Gillis, Caroline C.
name: Silva, Laice Alves da
name: Dobbins, Amanda L.
name: Muramatsu, Matthew K.
name: Jimenez, Angel G.
name: Chanin, Rachael B.
name: Spiga, Luisella
name: Llano, Ernesto M.
name: Rojas, Vivian K.
name: Kim, Jiwoong
name: Santos, Renato L.
name: Zhu, Wenhan
name: Winter, Sebastian E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Evaluation of pathological changes in the cecum in mouse colitis models. Supplementary Figure S2. Effect of streptomycin and DSS treatment on intestinal inflammation and E. coli lactate utilization. Supplementary Figure S3. Contribution of Macrophage Infiltration to Host Production of Lactate During DSS Colitis.
Tunable Coupling of Two-Dimensional Superconductors in Bilayer SrTiO3 Heterostructures
Creators: name: Inoue, Hisashi
name: Kim, Minu
name: Bell, Christopher
name: Hikita, Yasuyuki
name: Raghu, Srinivas
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interlayer coupling effects between high mobility two-dimensional superconductors are studied in bilayer delta-doped SrTiO3 heterostructures. By tuning the undoped SrTiO3 spacer layer between the dopant planes, clear tunable coupling is demonstrated in the variation of the sheet carrier density, Hall mobility, superconducting transition temperature, and the temperature- and angle-dependences of the superconducting upper critical field. Systematic variation is found between one effective (merged) two-dimensional superconductor to two decoupled two-dimensional superconductors. In the intermediate coupled regime, a crossover is observed due to coupling arising from inter-sub-band interactions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted for publication
Second-Hand Smoke and Public Policy: It’s Not Just Hot Air
Creators: name: Schulman, Eli
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Public health
Public policy (Law)
Environmental health

description: "As long ago as 1890, the Supreme Court of Louisiana upheld an ordinance prohibiting smoking on streetcars, recognizing the "material annoyance, the inconvenience, and the discomfort" that smoking causes the majority of passengers, and further recognized that, "there is not only discomfort, but possible danger to health from the contaminated air." [State v. Hedenhain, 7 SD 621 (11890)] Over 100 years later, an ever-growing body of scientific evidence continues to document the severity of health hazards posed by second-hand smoke, known in scientific circles as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), inhaled by non-smokers, "involuntary smokers." While the scientific community has evaluated ETS, public policy has, to this point, lagged hopelessly behind. Public policy must accept the challenge of environmental tobacco smoke head-on, and work toward a ban on smoking in enclosed public areas. To best understand how public policy should evaluate ETS, it will be helpful to consider the dangers posed by environmental tobacco smoke, the paths through which public policy might seek to respond to these dangers, and the obstacles which policy efforts might encounter in confronting the problem."--from page 17
Additional file 1 of Unexpected diversity of CRISPR unveils some evolutionary patterns of repeated sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: Refrégier, Guislaine
name: Sola, Christophe
name: Guyeux, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental file 1. (doc) - Sequences of interest in CRISPR-Cas region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
Multiscale Bioelectric Fields: Implications for Neural Dynamics and Sensing
Creators: name: Shifman, Aaron Regan
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bioelectric fields
Ephaptic coupling
Weakly electric fish
Oscillator synchronization
Neural modeling

description: Bioelectric fields are produced in many tissues including muscle, heart and brain. These electric fields arise from the transmembrane ionic currents that underlie action potentials. Electric fish use such fields to sense in the dark. A specialized electric organ generates large currents, the electric organ discharge (EOD), resulting in an electric field around the fish body. This self-generated field is perturbed by external heterogeneities and these perturbations modulate the activity of receptor cells on their skin, forming the basis of the electric sense. The EOD is oscillatory with an individual-specific frequency that is extremely stable. Despite this stability, fish modulate their EOD frequency on short time-scales during social interactions. When electric fish with similar frequencies interact, their EODs interfere with one another and compromise sensing. To mitigate this, fish diverge their frequencies through the jamming avoidance response. These fish also communicate via a transient desynchronization of neurons in the brain network that controls EOD timing, the pacemaker network (PN). Subsequent resynchronization occurs in tens of milliseconds, too fast to be explained by the network properties of the PN. In the first part of this thesis, we consider the hypothesis that the EOD entrains the PN through electric field effects and increases resynchronization rate. We first develop a computational tool (ELFENN) to explore how neurons are affected by electric fields. We also develop a model of pacemaker cells in the PN and validate it against experimental data. We then combine these developments to show that feedback entrainment between the EOD and PN mediates resynchronization time. In the second part, we focus on the electric field perturbations that occur during sensing. We first show that the spatial structure of the field is important for effective frequency separation during the jamming avoidance response. We then develop novel computational models of electric fish that are freely deformable (pyFEM2S); we can thus simulate natural poses and study how fish shape their electric field and the resultant sensory corollaries. Finally, we consider how insight from studying bioelectric fields for sensing and control can be applied to more general aspects of electric field effects and brain function.
BloSEn: Blog Search Engine Based On Post Concept Clustering
Creators: name: Shanmugapriyaa, S.
name: Kuppusamy, K. S.
name: Aghila, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: This paper focuses on building a blog search engine which doesn't focus only on keyword search but includes extended search capabilities. It also incorporates the blog-post concept clustering which is based on the category extracted from the blog post semantic content analysis. The proposed approach is titled as "BloSen (Blog Search Engine)". It involves in extracting the posts from blogs and parsing them to extract the blog elements and store them as fields in a document format. Inverted index is being built on the fields of the documents. Search is induced on the index and requested query is processed based on the documents so far made from blog posts. It currently focuses on Blogger and Wordpress hosted blogs since both these hosting services are the most popular ones in the blogosphere. The proposed BloSen model is experimented with a prototype implementation and the results of the experiments with the user's relevance cumulative metric value of 95.44% confirms the efficiency of the proposed model.
description: 12 pages
Additional file 1 of Detection of potential functional variants based on systems-biology: the case of feed efficiency in beef cattle
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Gabriela
name: Baldi, Fernando
name: Cesar, Aline S. M.
name: Alexandre, Pâmela A.
name: Peripolli, Elisa
name: Ferraz, José B. S.
name: Fukumasu, Heidge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of tissue alignment results.
Additional file 5 of Unexpected diversity of CRISPR unveils some evolutionary patterns of repeated sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: Refrégier, Guislaine
name: Sola, Christophe
name: Guyeux, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplemental file 5. Spacer 4, spacer 6 and spacer 38 variants in parallel with 43-spacers spoligotyping probes
Partition Functions and Stability Criteria of Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Cappelli, Andrea
name: Randellini, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-chiral edge excitations of quantum spin Hall systems and topological insulators are described by means of their partition function. The stability of topological phases protected by time-reversal symmetry is rediscussed in this context and put in relation with the existence of discrete anomalies and the lack of modular invariance of the partition function. The $\Z_2$ characterization of stable topological insulators is extended to systems with interacting and non-Abelian edge excitations.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures
Prior Restraint: Freedom of the Press v. National Security
Creators: name: Zuroff, Dawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Americans
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Journalism

description: "A prior restraint is a court order banning publication of unpublished material. Clearly, this power needs to be squared with the fundamental right to a free press as guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The extent to which exceptions to this First Amendment freedom can be justified has always been a matter of dispute."--from page 31
A comparison of period finding algorithms
Creators: name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Drake, Andrew J.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Mahabal, Ashish A.
name: Donalek, Ciro
name: Duan, Victor
name: Maher, Alison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a comparison of popular period finding algorithms applied to the light curves of variable stars from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS), MACHO and ASAS data sets. We analyze the accuracy of the methods against magnitude, sampling rates, quoted period, quality measures (signal-to-noise and number of observations), variability, and object classes. We find that measure of dispersion-based techniques - analysis-of-variance with harmonics and conditional entropy - consistently give the best results but there are clear dependencies on object class and light curve quality. Period aliasing and identifying a period harmonic also remain significant issues. We consider the performance of the algorithms and show that a new conditional entropy-based algorithm is the most optimal in terms of completeness and speed. We also consider a simple ensemble approach and find that it performs no better than individual algorithms.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society
Følner sequences and sum-free sets
Creators: name: Eberhard, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Erdős showed that every set of $n$ positive integers contains a subset of size at least $n/(k+1)$ containing no solutions to $x_1 + \cdots + x_k = y$. We prove that the constant $1/(k+1)$ here is best possible by showing that if $(F_m)$ is a multiplicative Følner sequence in $\mathbf{N}$ then $F_m$ has no $k$-sum-free subset of size greater than $(1/(k+1)+o(1))|F_m|$. This provides a new proof and a generalisation of a recent theorem of Eberhard, Green, and Manners.
description: 9 pages
McGill Data Anonymization Workshop Series - 2. ARX:  Anonymising data in theory and practice
Creators: name: Prasser, Fabien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: data anonymization
data de-identification
data sharing

description: This presentation is a part of the McGill Data Anonymization Workshop Series organized by the McGill Digital Research Services. You may access the workshop recordings (in English & French) and additional resources (e.g., data anonymization FAQ & practical guides) on our webpage.
Topics: Hands-on practical workshop on Open-Source, NIST recommended and internationally recognized anonymization tool (ARX) for quantitative data
Additional file 3 of Unexpected diversity of CRISPR unveils some evolutionary patterns of repeated sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: Refrégier, Guislaine
name: Sola, Christophe
name: Guyeux, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental file 3. Exploration of read numbers for the reconstruction and identification of duplications, the case of ERR718197.
Additional file 1 of Boosting vegetation, biochemical constituents, grain yield and anti-cancer performance of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L) in calcareous soil using oat extracts coated inside nanocarriers
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Noura E.
name: Mahdi, Asmaa A.
name: Barakat, Ashraf M. A.
name: Abdelhameed, Reda M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supporting information. Figure S1. GC chromatogram for hexan extract of oat grains. Figure S2. GC chromatogram for hexan extract of oat grains after path through Cu-BTC. Figure S3. HPLC chromatogram for methanol extract of oat grains. Figure S4. HPLC chromatogram for methanol extract of oat grains after path through Cu-BTC. Figure S5. HPLC chromatogram for water extract of oat grains. Figure S6. HPLC chromatogram for water extract of oat grains after path through Cu-BTC. Figure S7. Effect of foliar applications (Cu-BTC, HE, ME, and AE) on phenolic acids, and avenantheramide-C content in oat grains under calcareous soil conditions. Figure S8. Effect of foliar applications (a@Cu-BTC, b@Cu-BTC, and c@Cu-BTC) on phenolic acids, and avenantheramide-C content in oat grains under calcareous soil conditions. Figure S9. Effect of foliar applications (HE-a, ME-b, and AE-c) on phenolic acids, and avenantheramide-C content in oat grains under calcareous soil conditions. Figure S10. Effect of foliar applications (Cu-BTC, HE, ME, AE, and a@Cu-BTC) on vitamins E and K, content in oat grains under calcareous soil conditions. Figure S11. Effect of foliar applications (b@Cu-BTC, c@Cu-BTC, HE-a, ME-b, and AE-c) on vitamins E and K, content in oat grains under calcareous soil conditions. Table S1. Chemical analysis of the experimental soil and underground irrigation water at Maryout station. Table S2. The meteorological data at Maryout site.
Additional file 4 of Unexpected diversity of CRISPR unveils some evolutionary patterns of repeated sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: Refrégier, Guislaine
name: Sola, Christophe
name: Guyeux, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplemental file 4. Confirmation of sp35 presence after spacer 41 in two Sequence runs from clinical isolatess belonging to L5 and L2 respectively
Essentialist Legacies and Shifting Identities: Language in Central Asian Nation-Building
Creators: name: Zhou, Grace
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Asians
subject: History

description: "In my attempt to trace the complexities of identity in Central Asia, I first discuss the theoretical background of nation-building and language planning, then the historical essentializing processes of nationality during Tsarist and Soviet times, both of official policy and native involvement. I then bring the discussion into post-Soviet times by examining how essentialist Soviet legacies are maintained in independent Kyrgyzstan. Finally, I look at a case study from my field research in Osh. Osh, as a reflective microcosm of
Central Asian society, illustrates a linguistically dynamic conception of identity. While explicit, verbal identification is significant to notions of ethnicity, the coexistence of multiple languages within the same sphere of usage has produced an interesting phenomenon, that of habitual code-switching. In the last section of this paper, I address code-switching, along with other everyday sentiments and attitudes, in an attempt to dig under official discourse and break the essentialist model."--from page 148
Xenophōntos Rētoros Lakedaimoniōn politeia; 1539
Creators: name: Xenophon
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2020

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Paarisiis Apvd Ioannem Lodoicvm Tiletanvm Via Ad D. Hilarivm, Svb D. V. Maria. M. D. XXXIX. - Kolophon: Parisiis Excvdebat Ioannes Lodoicvs, M. D. XXXIX.