cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT  CHALLENGES AND IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES: THE CASE  OF TELTELE IRRIGATION SCHEME, NORTH SHEWA ZONE,  ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Tsedalu Alemu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: This  study identifies the irrigation management challenges and proposes  improvement
opportunities of small scale irrigation scheme. In this study both primary and secondary data
were collected. The primary data were collected  through household interviews, focus group
discussions, key informant interviews, field observation and measurement. The secondary
data were  collected from bureau of water resource bureau of regional metrological agency,
different publications and research. Irrigation management challenges were identified
through irrigation water application efficiency, conveyance efficiency, and storage efficiency
and distribution uniformity. The questioner survey includes challenges of water distribution
system, institutional arrangement of water allocation  and challenges of  irrigation water
management. Discharge measurement in the canal, determination of moisture content before
and after irrigation were done to determine depth of water applied The results of this study
revealed that the major challenges of irrigation management are insufficient technical skill of
WUAs, financial  constraint, frequent canal destruction due to different reason such as low
construction material of canal, livestock disturbance, people use canal as a road when going
to market, low coordination of water allocation. In the scheme there is no irrigation water fee,
so it implies the low canal maintenance because of lack of money. The result obtained in this
study also shows that conveyance efficiency of main, secondary and tertiary canals were
64.06%, 46.48% and 34.38% respectively. The average water application efficiency of three
farm plots from head, middle and tail were 50.83%, 52.76% and 54.56% respectively. The
average distribution efficiency of the soil in the study scheme of three crops such as carrot,
onion and potato is 98.5%. The crop water requirement of major crops in the scheme was
estimated according to type of soil and climatic condition of the area. Training was prepared
and delivered for farmers to give awareness on irrigation water management and crop water
requirement.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY MANAGED IRRIGATION  SCHEME: A CASE STUDY OF MUTEFECHA IN NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: GETE FANTAHUN GEZAHEGN
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of performance assessment of an irrigation scheme is to achieve an efficient
and effective use of available water resources, to  sustain the scheme and to increase farm
productivity of the scheme. However, in the Ethiopia performance evaluation of irrigation
schemes is rarely conducted. This study was conducted to assess the performance of
community managed irrigation scheme found in the Awash basin during October to
December, 2016.  Secondary data such as climate, design document  were  taken  from
Shewarobit meteorological station and  from Amara National, Regional State Water
Resource Development Bureau  respectively. Primary  data  which  were  collected through
field measurements and field survey (field observation) were  also  taken. The conveyance
efficiency and losses were measured using inflow-outflow method in the main, secondary,
and tertiary canal. Flow of main and secondary canals were determined using Area-Velocity
method via determining canal cross-sectional area and flow velocity using current meter.
Discharge of field canal off-takes and tertiary canals were determined using Parshall flume.
To evaluate conveyance efficiency  of the system 16 canal segments were taken.  To
determine the water delivery  indicators 15 field  canal  off-takes were  also  taken. Field
canal off-takes measurements were taken two times a month and canals three times over
the months. CROPWAT 8.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS) software were
used to analyze the collected data. The performance level of the scheme was assessed
using different indicators such as: adequacy, dependability, efficiency, effectiveness of
infrastructure and conveyance efficiency of the scheme. The result of this study revealed
that,  adequacy, dependability, efficiency, equity and effectiveness of infrastructure were
0.62, 0.24, 0.94, 0.43 and 42.86% respectively.  Those values indicate  poor  performance
level of the scheme except efficiency which was good. The overall average main, secondary
and tertiary canals conveyance efficiency was 89.9, 87.4, and 56.3% and conveyance loss of
1.33,  1.46  and  2.43ls
-1
100m-1
  respectively which were  below standards. This  revealed
that, overall, maintenance and repair work on the conveyance canals were not sufficient.
Generally performance level of the scheme  was  poor. So,  to use the water resources
effectively, efficiently and equitably water allocation to the farm should be carried out based
on crop water demand with irrigation scheduling. The conveyance systems should be
improved through regular canal cleaning and maintenance of infrastructures and
constructing silt entrance controlling structures are basic remedial measures.
Inhomogeneity and the foundations of concordance cosmology
Creators: name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent accelerating expansion of the Universe is forcing us to examine the foundational aspects of the standard model of cosmology -- in particular, the fact that dark energy is a direct consequence of the homogeneity assumption. We discuss the foundations of the assumption of spatial homogeneity, in the case when the Copernican Principle is adopted. We present results that show how (almost-) homogeneity follows from (almost-) isotropy of various observables. The analysis requires the fully nonlinear field equations -- i.e., it is not possible to use second- or higher-order perturbation theory, since one cannot assume a homogeneous and isotropic background. Then we consider what happens if the Copernican Principle is abandoned in our Hubble volume. The simplest models are inhomogeneous but spherically symmetric universes which do not require dark energy to fit the distance modulus. Key problems in these models are to compute the CMB anisotropies and the features of large-scale structure. We review how to construct perturbation theory on a non-homogeneous cosmological background, and discuss the complexities that arise in using this to determine the growth of large-scale structure.
description: 26 pages and 1 figure. Invited review article for the CQG special issue on nonlinear cosmological perturbations. v2 has additional refs and comments, minor errors corrected, version in CQG
Ylioja et al Supplemental Material
Creators: name: Bradford, Barry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60603 Animal Physiology - Systems
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental Tables S1-S3 from "Effects of sodium salicylate in early lactation on mammary tissue proliferation, gene transcript profile, and DNA methylation" by Ylioja et al.
Loving Language: Poetry, Curriculum, & Ted T. Aoki
Creators: name: Leggo, Carl
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2018

description: As a curriculum researcher and poet, I am committed to honouring complexity, asking questions, acknowledging tensions, and challenging answers. As curriculum theorists, scholars, and educators, we need to attend to language. Ted T. Aoki (2005a) reminds us to attend to “the voice of play in the midst of things—a playful singing in the midst of life” (p. 282). Poetry can invigorate our curriculum studies by helping us imagine new ways of attending to language, new ways of knowing and becoming, and new ways of inquiring about living experiences. In this paper, I offer a sequence of poems, anecdotes, and ruminations composed as responses to Ted T. Aoki’s curriculum scholarship. En tant que poète et chercheur penché sur les programmes d’études, je suis engagé à respecter la complexité, à poser des questions, à reconnaitre des tensions et à remettre en question les réponses. Comme théoriciens du curriculum, universitaires et éducateurs, nous devons porter attention à la langue. Ted T. Aoki (2005a) nous rappelle de porter attention à « la voix ludique au milieu des choses – un chant joueur au milieu de la vie » (p. 282). La poésie peut dynamiser nos études de curriculum en nous aidant à imaginer de nouvelles façons de concevoir la langue, de nouvelles façons de savoir et de devenir, et de nouvelles façons d’étudier le vécu. Dans cet article, j’offre une série de poèmes, d’anecdotes et de ruminations composés en guise de réponses aux recherches de Ted T. Aoki sur les programmes d’études.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 64 No. 1 (2018): Spring 2018
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL IN GILGEL ABBAY CATCHIMENT; ETHIOPIA. MSC THESIS RESEARCH
Creators: name: EDMEALEM TEMESGEN EBSTU
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Investigation  of  available  water  resources  and  potential  irrigable  land  is  essential  for  the
development of irrigated agriculture. This  study  has  focused on investigating land and water
resources  potential  of  Gilgel  Abbay  river  catchment  and  preparing  geo-referenced  maps  of
these  resources  using  GIS.  Land  suitability  for  irrigation  development  was  identified  by
considering  the  irrigation  suitability  factors  such  as  slope,  soil,  land  use  /land  cover  and
proximity.  Since the total irrigable land of the  watershed is about 22.58% (86,961.24 ha) which
is potentially suitable for surface irrigation  and the rest one  is classified as non-suitable (N).
The annual average  minimum flow of the river is estimated 28.094m
3
/s  to be 37,169.61ha of
land  for  surface  irrigation  system  from  total  available  land  potential.  The  gross  irrigation
demand of selected crops for each month is computed for the scenario of starting sowing time
analysis on November, December, January and February months.
L.R.S. Bianchi type II Stiff Fluid cosmological model with Decaying Vacuum Energy Density $Λ$ in general relativity
Creators: name: Amirhashchi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Locally rotationally symmetric (L.R.S.) Bianchi type II stiff fluid cosmological model is investigated. To get the deterministic model of the universe, we have assumed a condition $A=B^{m}$ between metric potentials $A,~B$ where $n$ is the constant. It is shown that the vacuum energy density $Λ$ is positive and proportional to $\frac{1}{t^{2}}$. The values of deceleration parameter $q$, matter-energy density $Ω_{m}$ and dark-energy density $Ω_Λ$ are found to be in good agreement with the values obtain from 5-years WMAP observations. the predicted value of the jerk parameter agrees with the SNLS SNIa and X-ray galaxy cluster distance data but does not with the SNIa gold sample data. In general, the model represent accelerating, shearing and non-rotating universe.The physical and geometrical behavior of these models are also discussed.
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCE AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING, INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SCHOOL OF  GRADUATE STUDIES, ARBAMINICH UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF  MASTER OF SCIENCE IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
Creators: name: SENTAYEHU ZEMENE
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: In water resource planning and management reservoir operation by using the application of
simulation models is an important ways of analyzing water resources system. HEC-ResSim is
one of the simulation models that possess of arrange of reservoir simulators and can
simulate water resources systems. In this research, operational analysis of  Legemera earth
dam reservoir was done. Reservoir performance evaluation also done based on standard
operating  policy  water  release  method.  With   this   method   Reliability,   resiliency   and
vulnerability indices were used for system evaluation.   Legemera earth dam reservoir water
balance  was  simulated  by  considering  project  expansion  alternatives.  Irrigation  water
requirement of the study area was determined using FAO CROPWAT model. By introducing
the system expansion, increasing command area  from 170 to 200ha and also 230ha, failures
in the system were increased 13.23 % and resilience was decreased from 36 % for alt.1 to
30%.for alt.3.With HEC-ResSim model simulation, optimal reservoir storage level throughout
the simulation period was set at  2451.64 m.a.s.l and annual  maximum and minimum water
level were set at 2455.24 m.a.s.l and 2445 m.a.s.l respectively. According to this value rule
curve  was  prepared.  Based  on  the  findings,  conclusions  and  recommendations  for  further
studies were drawn
Quantitative bounds for Markov chain convergence: Wasserstein and total variation distances
Creators: name: Madras, Neal
name: Sezer, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a framework for obtaining explicit bounds on the rate of convergence to equilibrium of a Markov chain on a general state space, with respect to both total variation and Wasserstein distances. For Wasserstein bounds, our main tool is Steinsaltz's convergence theorem for locally contractive random dynamical systems. We describe practical methods for finding Steinsaltz's "drift functions" that prove local contractivity. We then use the idea of "one-shot coupling" to derive criteria that give bounds for total variation distances in terms of Wasserstein distances. Our methods are applied to two examples: a two-component Gibbs sampler for the Normal distribution and a random logistic dynamical system.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/09-BEJ238 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Nonsingular cosmological models
Creators: name: Bergliaffa, Santiago Esteban Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A short introduction to cosmological models that go from an era of accelerated collapse to an expanding era without displaying a singularity is presented.
description: Invited talk given ath the XIII Latin American Regional IAU Meeting, held in Morelia, Michoac\'an, Mexico, November 8-12, 2010
Hearing timbre-harmony in spectral music
Creators: name: Gainey, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Spectral music is a repertoire that emerges from a compositional attitude that consistently conflates timbre and harmony. The means by which composers of spectral music achieve such conflation are varied, and their music dramatizes the liminality of timbral- harmonic perception in different ways. Despite their aesthetic and technical diversity, these composers assemble and organize harmonies in their music in deference to the psychoacoustic foundations of timbral perception. To foster an appreciation for spectral music and, more generally, the enchantingly abstruse nature of timbral-harmonic perception, I build upon similar foundations in this project to generate analytical accounts of spectral music informed by, but distinct from, the methods used to compose them. The automatic cognitive processes that afford us a sense of timbre for complex sounds (such as those of musical instruments) also affect how we hear sounds in combination. Our sense of a sound’s timbre partly correlates to the distribution of its component partials—subordinate component frequencies often aurally inseparable in the sound that emerges from their combination. Similarly, the identities of notes in a chord can be subsumed, to some extent, by that chord’s emergent holistic identity. This is especially true of complex sonorities wherein the number of component pitches overwhelms our ability to aurally distinguish them. Such complex sonorities are staples of spectral music. As in non-spectral works that feature a similarly saturated harmonic language (such as Ligeti’s Atmospheres), individual pitches are often buried in larger masses of sound. What distinguishes spectral music, however, is that the complex chords tend to approximate assemblages of partials acoustically correlated with certain timbral percepts. Using such correlations as a model for harmony allows otherwise saturated harmonies to express unique gestalt timbres.In analyses of music by Tristan Murail, Gérard Grisey, Kaija Saariaho, Jonathan Harvey, Claude Vivier, and Magnus Lindberg, I demonstrate how the timbres expressed by complex chords help the listener to distinguish between them and hear them as expressing different levels of timbral-harmonic tension. Then I show how these contrasts support the formation hierarchical timbral-harmonic structures, and how these structures relate to the dramatic arc of the music.
Reconstructing particle masses from pairs of decay chains
Creators: name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
name: Sakurai, Kazuki
name: Webber, Bryan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is proposed for determining the masses of the new particles N,X,Y,Z in collider events containing a pair of effectively identical decay chains Z to Y+jet, Y to X+l_1, X to N+l_2, where l_1, l_2 are opposite-sign same-flavour charged leptons and N is invisible. By first determining the upper edge of the dilepton invariant mass spectrum, we reduce the problem to a curve for each event in the 3-dimensional space of mass-squared differences. The region through which most curves pass then determines the unknown masses. A statistical approach is applied to take account of mismeasurement of jet and missing momenta. The method is easily visualized and rather robust against combinatorial ambiguities and finite detector resolution. It can be successful even for small event samples, since it makes full use of the kinematical information from every event.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Relative entropy as a measure of inhomogeneity in general relativity
Creators: name: Akerblom, Nikolas
name: Cornelissen, Gunther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the notion of relative volume entropy for two spacetimes with preferred compact spacelike foliations. This is accomplished by applying the notion of Kullback-Leibler divergence to the volume elements induced on spacelike slices. The resulting quantity gives a lower bound on the number of bits which are necessary to describe one metric given the other. For illustration, we study some examples, in particular gravitational waves, and conclude that the relative volume entropy is a suitable device for quantitative comparison of the inhomogeneity of two spacetimes.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
An Inuit Based Policy Development Process
Creators: name: Dunning, Norma
Publisher: name: Alberta Journal of Educational Research
Year: 2018

description: This paper explores the use of Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ) and the policy formation process of the rational decision making model. Based on the current research of Inuit Canadians concerning parental involvement within northern schools, this paper examines how an Indigenous way of knowing can be infused with a non-Indigenous method of policy development. The majority of this paper reviews past policy that has been placed upon Inuit Canadians as the framework for understanding how Inuit arrived at the current educational situation. The author introduces how Inuit have taken up this situation, and are working in present day with a positive perspective. Keywords: Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), Pijitsirniq, Aajiiqatigiingniq, Pilirqatigiingniq. Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ) is Inuit knowledge and societal values through which Inuit function. Pijitsirniq is the concept of serving. Aajiiqatigiingniq is consensus in decision making. Pilirqatigiingniq is working together for a common purpose. Cet article explore l’emploi de l’Inuit Quajimajatuqangit et le processus d’élaboration des politiques du modèle de prise de décision rationnelle. Reposant sur la recherche actuelle par des Inuits canadiens sur l’implication des parents dans les écoles du Nord, cet article examine la mesure dans laquelle un mode autochtone de connaissance peut être empreint d’une méthode non autochtone d’élaboration des politiques. La majorité de l’article passe en revue les anciennes politiques imposées aux Inuits Canadiens; ce passé sert de cadre pour comprendre comment les Inuits en sont arrivés à la situation actuelle en matière d’éducation. L’auteure explique que les Inuits ont assumé cette situation et qu’ils y travaillent actuellement avec optimisme. Mots clés : l’Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), Pijitsirniq, Aajiiqatigiingniq, Pilirqatigiingniq. L’Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), ce sont les connaissances et les valeurs sociales avec lesquelles fonctionnent les Inuits. Pijitsirniq, c’est le concept du service. Aajiiqatigiingniq désigne le consensus dans la prise de décision. Pilirqatigiingniq, c’est travailler ensemble en vue d’atteindre un objectif commun.
description: Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 64 No. 1 (2018): Spring 2018
Bipartite Bell Inequality and Maximal Violation
Creators: name: Li, Ming
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Li-Jost, Xianqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new bell inequalities for arbitrary dimensional bipartite quantum systems. The maximal violation of the inequalities is computed. The Bell inequality is capable of detecting quantum entanglement of both pure and mixed quantum states more effectively.
description: 6 pages,no figures
Sympycnus simplicitarsis Becker 1900
Creators: name: Negrobov, Oleg P.
name: Grichanov, Igor Ya.
name: Selivanova, Olga V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Sympycnus
Sympycnus simplicitarsis

description: Sympycnus simplicitarsis Becker
(Figs 26–31)
 Sympycnus simplicitarsis Becker, 1900: 39.
 Type material examined. Syntype ♂, labelled: [Russia:] Dudinka, G. Sahlb., N 42498 (MZH).
 Other material examined. Russia. 2♂, [Yakutia:] Tundra, Tiriya river, 1875, Chekanovsky (ZIN); 2♂, Yakutia, Vilyui River mouth, 17.VI.1875, Chekanovsky (ZIN); 2♂, Yakutia, Khattygi-Terde, Amga River, 6.VIII.1925, Bianki (ZIN); 2♂, Yakutia, Keedei Lake, Amga River road, 15.VII.1925, Bianki (ZIN); 2♂, Yakutia, Albyi Lake, Amga River road, 22.VII.1925, Bianki (ZIN); 1♂, Yakutia, Tengyutte-terde, Amga River, 27.VII.1925, Bianki (ZIN); 1♂, Yakutsk, 30.VI.1927, Moskvin (ZIN); 1♂, [Buryatia:] Sayany Mnts., Mondy vil., 20.VIII.1962, Gorodkov (ZIN).
 Remarks. Sympycnus simplicitarsis males are peculiar in having absolutely simple legs including fore tarsus (Fig. 27) and hind tarsus, but having typical of the genus morphology of hypopygium (Figs 29–31) and other parts of body.
 Distribution. Palaearctic: Russia (Taimyria, Altai). New for Yakutia and Buryatia republics of Russia.
description: Published as part of Negrobov, Oleg P., Grichanov, Igor Ya. & Selivanova, Olga V., 2017, Review of East Palaearctic species of Sympycnus Loew, 1857, with a key to species, pp. 531-548 in Zootaxa 4277 (4) on page 541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/814621
Non-Gaussian statistics of electrostatic fluctuations of hydration shells
Creators: name: Friesen, Allan D.
name: Matyushov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the statistics of electric field fluctuations produced by SPC/E water inside a Kihara solute given as a hard-sphere core with a Lennard-Jones layer at its surface. The statistics of electric field fluctuations, obtained from numerical simulations, are studied as a function of the magnitude of a point dipole placed close to the solute-water interface. The free energy surface as a function of the electric field projected on the dipole direction shows a cross-over with the increasing dipole magnitude. While it is a single-well harmonic function at low dipole values, it becomes a double-well surface at intermediate dipole moment magnitudes, transforming to a single-well surface, with a non-zero minimum position, at still higher dipoles. A broad intermediate region where the interfacial waters fluctuate between the two minima is characterized by intense field fluctuations, with non-Gaussian statistics and the variance far exceeding the linear-response expectations. The excited state of the surface water is found to be lifted above the ground state by the energy required to break approximately two hydrogen bonds. This state is pulled down in energy by the external electric field of the solute dipole, making it readily accessible to thermal excitations. The excited state is a localized surface defect in the hydrogen-bond network creating a stress in the nearby network, but otherwise relatively localized in the region closest to the solute dipole.
An evidence-based model for representing signaling pathways in FlyBase
Creators: name: Antonazzo, Giulia
name: Attrill, Helen
name: Goodman, Joshua L.
name: Brown, Nicholas H.
name: Consortium, The FlyBase
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: While there are many resources listing members of molecular signaling pathways across species, defining the boundaries of a pathway can be a challenging task. Such pathway resources are often the product of a one-pass compilation effort, and although they tend to be good at presenting the core pathway members, they also tend to be static and not necessarily up to date with the current literature. Drosophila melanogaster has served as a central model system for the molecular characterization of many important pathways. FlyBase, the primary knowledgebase for D. melanogaster genetic research, has examined how to best represent up-to-date, comprehensive data on pathways, which extends to cover less well characterized pathway modulators. We have pursued a curation model in which the extent of supporting experimental evidence for each pathway member is captured using the Gene Ontology (GO), following principles agreed upon by the GO consortium. Genes annotated as a pathway member or regulator are presented in dedicated ‘Pathway report’ pages together with literature corroborating pathway membership status, links to other curated data and to external resources. As of the February 2019 FlyBase release we have completed a first pass curation of 12 major pathways. As signaling is a very active area of fly research, the pages will be revised as part of on-going paper curation at FlyBase, reflecting the current knowledge. These pathway member lists can support and fuel further biological discoveries, and we are currently exploring approaches that use these alongside other annotations in FlyBase to find biological patterns and make functional predictions.
Evidence for the decay X(3872) --> J/psi omega
Creators: name: al., P. del Amo Sanchez et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the decays B^{0,+} --> J/psi pi^+ pi^- pi^0 K^{0,+}, using 467 10^6 BBbar pairs recorded with the BABAR detector. We present evidence for the decay mode X(3872) --> J/psi omega, with product branching fractions B(B^+ --> X(3872)K^+) B(X(3872) --> J/psi omega) =[0.6\pm0.2\stat \pm 0.1\syst ] 10^{-5}, and B(B^0 --> X(3872)K^0) B(X(3872) --> J/psi omega) =[0.6\pm0.3\stat \pm 0.1\syst ] 10^{-5}. A detailed study of the pi^+ pi^- pi^0 mass distribution from X(3872) decay favors a negative-parity assignment.
description: Submitted to PRD-RC
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCES ANALYSIS OF TWO SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION  SCHEMES: CASE OF TAHTAY TSALIT AND MYCHEW, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: EFRIEM TARIKU KASSA
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Assessment of irrigation performances is very essential in taking different water
management strategies. However, the performance of Tahtay Tsalit and Mychew
irrigation schemes were not assessed yet and hence, this research was undertaken to
investigate and compare the performance of the two small-scale irrigation schemes.
Moreover, identification of the cause and effect for malfunctionality of irrigation
structures was also another objective of this study. Hence, comprehensive field
observations and focus group discussions was held to investigate the cause and effect of
failed hydraulic structures. Moreover, field measurements on canal dimensions and water
flow measurements were undertaken at selected sampling points. Simple descriptive
statistics was employed for analysis of the data collected from group discussions and
observations. However, hydraulic performance indicators were used to evaluate the
performance of the two irrigation schemes. Several factors such as flooding,
sedimentation, design problem, damage of sluice gates, abstraction of irrigation water by
unwanted plants has been identified in both schemes for malfunctionality of different
structures.
There was no any problem in irrigation adequacy, equity, dependability and efficiency of
irrigation water in Tahtay Tsalit irrigation schemes. However in Mychew, the adequacy
(0.75) and equity (0.28) of irrigation water was categorized as poor, while good and fair
for dependability (0.08) and irrigation efficiency (0.79) respectively. For both irrigation
schemes, the average water surface elevation ratio, delivery performance ratio, and
delivery duration ratio of the main canal during the monitoring period was less than one,
greater than 5% , and 150% respectively. The highest sediment accumulation was
observed at head and middle reaches of the irrigation schemes than the tail reaches for
both irrigation schemes. Generally, in both irrigation schemes there were a number of
irrigation structures which were malfunctioned. Now needs sustainable solution to
improve the performance of the irrigation schemes. Hence, it was recommended that
Water should be fairly distributed spatially and temporally particularly  at Mychew
irrigation scheme. Moreover, capacity building and awareness creation to concerned
bodies holds the key to bring a difference in irrigation water management in both
irrigation schemes.
Authoritative parenting model for improving oral self-care skills in orthodontic patients
Creators: name: Al-Mosawi, Mina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: This blinded randomized controlled clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of an authoritative parenting model in improving the oral hygiene skill level of adolescent orthodontic patients. Methods: The sample consisted of patients aged 10-16 years undergoing orthodontic treatment at the UBC’s graduate orthodontic clinic. Patients were randomized into two study groups: an intervention group receiving oral health promotion material and a template of a parent-child contract, and a control group that received conventional dental instructions provided by orthodontic graduate students. Oral hygiene skill levels were assessed by measuring percentage of total plaque (after best brushing) at three observation periods (baseline, 1-3-month follow-up, and 3-7-month follow-up). Plaque scores were calculated from the photographs of teeth with disclosed plaque, employing the manual for the standardized digital estimation of dental plaque scores. Results: Overall, patients had high plaque scores with large within-group variations indicating deficiency in oral self-care skills (OSCS). Although skills improved from the baseline in both study groups, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the intervention group and the control group. The parental compliance rate with the intervention was low (~30%); however, within the compliant group, there was a non-significant trend for OSCS improvement. The baseline plaque level was the only significant predictor of future OSCS. Conclusions: The authoritative parenting model did not result in greater improvements of OSCS of orthodontic patients in comparison to the conventional dental instruction. Parental compliance with the intervention was low; therefore, it is important to identify reasons for non-compliance.
The effect of experiment conditioning on estimates of human influence on extreme weather
Creators: name: Stone, Dáithí A
name: Rosier, Suzanne M
name: Bird, Leroy
name: Harrington, Luke
name: Rana, Sapna
name: Stuart, Stephen
name: Dean, Sam M
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: No description supplied
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM: CASE STUDY ON HIWOT AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION,  ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: PRATAP SINGH
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Performance  evaluation  of  center  pivot  sprinkler  irrigation  system  installed  at  Hiwot
Agricultural  Mechanization  farm  was  conducted.  The  existing  irrigation  system  and
agricultural  practices  were studied and measurements  of the water application uniformity
indicators  were made  and performance gaps were identified.  HAM  farm has 32 center pivot
machines, out of which only five center pivot machines were under operation at the time of
the  present  study.  Radial  measurements  of  water  application  along  the  CP  sprinkler
irrigation system lateral  line were  made  for  the  estimation of  coefficient of  uniformity,
distribution  uniformity,  and  potential application  efficiency  of low quarter.    Catch  cans
were placed along the CP lateral at 3m spacing for collection of water application along the
lateral  of center  pivot.  The  measurement were made at five location  s  identified by the
number of CP irrigation machine, m4, m6, m7, m8, and m12.  Three of the locations were
at upstream (m8, m12, and m4) and two located in middle (m6 and m7) of HAM farm. The
measurements  at location m4 were  made twice, day time  (about  2 pm) and night time  (about
9  p m), however, for the remaining locations  measurements were  made only during  day
time.  The  measured value of water application rate for different locations along center pivot
lateral line varied widely, generally  lower values at pivot  and higher values at end of center
pivot  lateral  line.  The  Distribution  uniformity,  coefficient  of  uniformity  and  potential
application efficiency of low quarter were varied from 67% to 85%, 73% to 86%, and 66%
to 80% respectively. The highest value of DU was at night time measurement for location
m4 as compared with m4 at day time due to  lower wind velocity during night time (1.5m/s)
and lowest value was for location m7. The highest value of CU was at location m7 whereas
the lowest value was for location m12.  The application rate at all the location was higher
as compared to basic infiltration. The  measured values of irrigation efficiency at different
locations varied from 60 % at location m7 to 69%  at location m6.  The highest value of crop
water requirement at location m6, m7 and m12 was 5.24 mm/day in September at mid stage
and for location m4 and m8 in October at mid stage equal to 4.99 mm/day. Whereas, the
lowest crop water requirement at location m6, m7 and m12 was 2.52 mm/day in July at
initial stage which was and for location m4 and m8 in august at initial stage equal to 2.08
mm/day
On the Order of Polynilpotent Multipliers of Some Nilpotent Products of Cyclic $p$-Groups
Creators: name: Mashayekhy, Behrooz
name: Mohammadzadeh, Fahimeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C25, 20D15, 20E10, 20F18, 20F12

description: In this article we show that if ${\cal V}$ is the variety of polynilpotent groups of class row $(c_1,c_2,...,c_s),\ {\mathcal N}_{c_1,c_2,...,c_s}$, and $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_1}}\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_2}}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p^{α_t} }$ is the $n$th nilpotent product of some cyclic $p$-groups, where $c_1\geq n$, $α_1 \geq α_2 \geq...\geq α_t $ and $ (q,p)=1$ for all primes $q$ less than or equal to $n$, then $|{\mathcal N}_{c_1,c_2,...,c_s}M(G)|=p^{d_m}$ if and only if $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p}\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p }$ ($m$-copies), where $m=\sum _{i=1}^t α_i$ and $d_m=χ_{c_s+1}(...(χ_{c_2+1}(\sum_{j=1}^n χ_{c_1+j}(m)))...)$. Also, we extend the result to the multiple nilpotent product $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_1}}\stackrel{n_1}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_2}}\stackrel{n_2}{*}...\stackrel{n_{t-1}}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p^{α_t} }$, where $c_1\geq n_1\geq...\geq n_{t-1}$. Finally a similar result is given for the $c$-nilpotent multiplier of $G\cong{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_1}}\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf {Z}}_{p^{α_2}}\stackrel{n}{*}...\stackrel{n}{*}{\bf{Z}}_{p^{α_t}}$ with the different conditions $n \geq c$ and $ (q,p)=1$ for all primes $q$ less than or equal to $n+c.$
description: 10 pages
FLOOD FREQUENCY UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE IN THE UPPER  OMO-GIBE RIVER BASIN, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA: CASE  STUDY ABELTI-CATCHMENT
Creators: name: BEYENE AKIRSO ALEHU
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The study investigated the climate change impact on  the frequency of flood flows  for  the
Abelti-catchment in the Upper Omo-Gibe river basin in the southwestern  Ethiopia  by using
the HadGEM2-ES  climate  model  outputs  of  RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5  under CMIP5  for  the
future two horizons  2020`s (2021-2050) and 2050`s (2051-2080). Areal annual mean and
seasonal  rainfall,  minimum  and  maximum  temperature  and  evapotranspiration  are
projected and Nonparametric Mann-Kendall statistical test was used to detect trends in case
of the annual mean.  Then a continuous daily hydrologic model (HEC-HMS) was used  to
generate daily flow series for the baseline and for the future time horizons. Lastly, flood
frequency was analyzed considering peak over-threshold and annual maximum data series
by  using  General  Pareto  distribution  and  Generalized  Extreme  Value  Distribution,
respectively for the current, baseline and future. The results showed increment in trend and
in percentage of all selected climate variables  in both periods except rainfall, which showed
variability over the catchment. The value respectively  of calibration and validation R
2
; 0.82
and 0.78 and NSE; 0.74 and 0.75 that  shows satisfactory performance of the model.  The
streamflow is expected to increase and decrease annually in the future  projection (-2.70%
and 0.065%) in 2020`s and (+3.48% and +9.72%) in  2050’s under RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5
respectively.  Recurrent flood frequency increased in both directions in the future under
both  scenarios  projection.  The  increase  in  flood  magnitude  in  the  area  may  have  a
significant negative effect on the sustainability of existed agriculture, life of the community
and hydropower development projects at downstream. Moreover, it may  lead to unexpected
flood and flood hazards. Therefore,  adaptation measures are recommended to be sought for
possible flooding in the flood plain areas of the River basin at downstream.
Collision of Viscoelastic Spheres: Compact Expressions for the Coefficient of Normal Restitution
Creators: name: Mueller, Patric
name: Poeschel, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres is analytically known as a complete series expansion in terms of the impact velocity where all (infinitely many) coefficients are known. While beeing analytically exact, this result is not suitable for applications in efficient event-driven Molecular Dynamics (eMD) or Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Based on the analytic result, here we derive expressions for the coefficient of restitution which allow for an application in efficient eMD and MC simulations of granular Systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Gluon correlations from a Glasma flux-tube model compared to measured hadron correlations on transverse momentum $\bf (p_t,p_t)$ and angular differences $\bf (η_Δ,ϕ_Δ)$
Creators: name: Trainor, Thomas A.
name: Ray, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Glasma flux-tube model has been proposed to explain strong elongation on pseudorapidity $η$ of the same-side 2D peak in minimum-bias angular correlations from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV \auau collisions. The same-side peak or "soft ridge" is said to arise from coupling of flux tubes to radial flow. Gluons radiated transversely from flux tubes are boosted by radial flow to form a narrow structure or ridge on azimuth. In this study we test the conjecture by comparing predictions for particle production, spectra and correlations from the Glasma model and conventional fragmentation processes with measurements. We conclude that the Glasma model is contradicted by measured hadron yields, spectra and correlations, whereas a two-component model of hadron production, including minimum-bias parton fragmentation, provides a quantitative description of most data, although $η$ elongation remains unexplained.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
ASSESSEMENT OF SURFACE WATER AND LAND RESOURCE POTENTIAL FOR  SURFACE IRRIGATION: CASE STUDY OF GUMARA WATERSHED TANA SUB  BASIN NORTH GONDAR
Creators: name: FITSUM MALEDE ADAMU
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Irrigation development is one of the key strategies to increase agricultural production to
generate profit. One of the main factor rain fed dependent agriculture is rainfall variability
and unreliability occurrences.  Due  to this effect, crops are failed and consequence, food
insecurity often turns into famine.  Surface  water and land  resource potential for surface
irrigation was assessed before any structure is launched. The main problem on this study area,
potential of irrigable area, available water and irrigation water demand for dominant crops
were not known. In order to alleviate this problem,  assessment of surface water and land
resource potential for surface irrigation was assessed.  To meet the main objective, land
suitability, available water and irrigation water demand was assessed in this thesis.
Materials used to assessing surface irrigation potential were GIS, CROPWAT8.0, and PCP.
Land suitability was assessed by using GIS model. The most determinant factors of surface
irrigation were  land use/cover,  slope and soil  suitability was assessed  for this study.   Soil
suitability was  examined in terms of soil  depth;  texture and drainage for surface  irrigation
using GIS model.
 Overall soil suitability for surface irrigation was  obtained two suitability class namely
moderately suitable and marginal suitable.   The area of each suitability 7040ha (19.31%) is
covered by moderately suitable and 29,410ha (80.69%) is covered by marginal suitable for
surface irrigation. Land suitability potential was evaluated by overlying soil, slope and land use/cover. Based on
this analysis suitability  area of surface irrigation is 11.85 % highly suitable, 53.58%
moderately, suitable, 30.45% marginal suitable and 4.12% were not suitable from the total
study area  for surface irrigation.  On average, to irrigate this irrigable area
2,558.5mm/growing period of  water is needed  for wheat, sunflower, barely, pepper and
maize.
Throughout the season irrigation water demand was greater than available stream flow. The
total irrigable area due to the available stream flow was about 813.98ha (2.33%) of the total
identified irrigable area for wheat, sunflower, barely, pepper and maize. To irrigate this land
129.75m3
/s gross irrigation water is supplied to the field for these crops. Hence, irrigation
water demand is greater than the available stream flow the decision maker  should take the
mitigation measure by increasing upland infiltration, pumping water from the lake,  and
exploring water from ground and construct soil water conservation.
title: ÐÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÐ²Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð. Ð. Ð¡ÑÐ»Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¶ÐµÑÐ°
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: The concept of "silence" in J.D. Salingers works
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿Ñ
"Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ"
Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°Ð½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ°
ÐÐ¶. Ð. Ð¡ÑÐ»Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¶ÐµÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
concept
"silence"
american literature
J.D.Salinger
communication

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Â«ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿ÑÂ», Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿Ñ Â«Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÂ» Ð¸ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð°ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ¿Ñ Â«Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÂ» Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ ÐÐ¶. Ð. Ð¡ÑÐ»Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¶ÐµÑÐ°. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ°ÑÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð² Â«A Perfect Day for BananafishÂ», Â«Down at the DinghyÂ», Â«TeddyÂ» Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ñ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹. Ð Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½ÐµÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð³ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÐ°Ðº Ð¸ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÐ° Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼. ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ· Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÑÐ¿ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð§ÐµÑÐµÐ· Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¾ Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¸Ñ, Ð½Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ° Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ¹.
description: This graduation work deals with various definitions ofÂ  âconceptâ, the concept of âsilenceâ its aspects, as well as the concept of âsilenceâ in J. D. Salinger works. Excerpts from the stories Â«A Perfect Day for BananafishÂ», Â«Down at the DinghyÂ», Â«TeddyÂ» are analyzed and techniques that transmit silence in context of stories are identified. In the conclusion it was found that silence has a communicative function. The author,Â  provides the reader with additional information for better interpretation of the work. Through silence, J. D. Salinger describesÂ  the surroundings, and also depicts some specific traits of the characters.