cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
POSITION OF CASE CATEGORY IN THE SYSTEM OF THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES IN AZERBAIJANI AND ARABIC
Creators: name: Community Of Reviewers Of The International Research Journal
Publisher: name: Cifra LLC
Year: 2022
Subjects: grammatical category
specific
general
inherent
contextual
грамматическая категория
собственная
общая
присущая
контекстуальная

description: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 7 (35) 2022
Phase Variation of Hemoglobin Utilization in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Most Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates are unable to use human hemoglobin as the sole source of iron for growth (Hgb−), but a minor population is able to do so (Hgb+). This minor population grows luxuriously on hemoglobin, expresses two outer membrane proteins of 42 kDa (HpuA) and 89 kDa (HpuB), and binds hemoglobin under iron-stressed conditions. In addition to the previously reported HpuB, we identified and characterized HpuA, which is encoded by the gene hpuA, located immediately upstream of hpuB. Expression of both proteins was found to be controlled at the translational level by frameshift mutations in a run of guanine residues within the hpuA sequence encoding the mature HpuA protein. The “on-phase” hemoglobin-utilizing variants contained 10 G’s, while the “off-phase” variants contained 9 G’s. Insertional hpuB mutants of FA19 Hgb+ and FA1090 Hgb+ no longer expressed HpuB but still produced HpuA. A polar insertional mutation of the upstream hpuA gene in FA1090 Hgb+ eliminated production of both HpuA and HpuB, whereas a nonpolar insertional mutant expressed HpuB only. Insertional mutagenesis of either hpuA or hpuB or both substantially decreased the hemoglobin binding ability of the FA1090 Hgb+ variant and prevented growth on hemoglobin plates. Therefore, both HpuA and HpuB were required for the utilization of hemoglobin for growth.
Artificial intelligence in medicine: how do we determine legal liability when things go wrong?
Creators: name: Nolan, Paul
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Medical negligence is one of the most complex areas of tort law. This complexity gives rise to difficulties when an injured patient seeks to prove that a treating clinician was negligent, whether by act or omission, and how any purported negligence has deleteriously impacted on them. The introduction of novel medical technology, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), into traditional clinical practice presents legal liability challenges that need to be squarely addressed by litigants and courts when something goes wrong. Some of the most promising applications for the use of AI in medicine will lead to vexed liability questions. As AI in healthcare is in its relative infancy, there is a paucity of case law globally upon which to draw from. The thesis will analyse medical malpractice where AI is involved, what problems arise when applying the tort of negligence — such as establishing the essential elements of breach of duty of care and causation — and how can these be addressed. In order to address this question, the thesis will: 1) identify the general problems that black box AI causes in the healthcare sector; 2) identify the problems that will arise in establishing breach and causation due to the ‘black box’ nature of AI, with reference to the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) and common law through two hypothetical examples; and 3) consider selected legal solutions to the problems caused by ‘black box’ AI, namely: a) a res ipsa loquitor argument, that is the principle that negligence may be inferred if certain criteria are satisfied; b) invoking Section 5D(2) of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) (‘an exceptional case’); and c) a ‘no fault’ insurance scheme. What will ultimately be demonstrated is that problems will arise in relation to establishing breach of duty and causation due to the black box effect. Those issues, however, are not insurmountable and the legal solutions selected may assist patients and clinicians alike. Due to the infancy of this area of law though, they are yet to be tested by a court and they will face challenges. Further topics such as product liability, expert evidence, and peer expert opinion are also identified as warranting further research.
Resident Enteric Bacteria Are Necessary for Development of Spontaneous Colitis and Immune System Activation in Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Mice with targeted deletion of the gene for interleukin-10 (IL-10) spontaneously develop enterocolitis when maintained in conventional conditions but develop only colitis when kept in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) environments. This study tested the hypothesis that enteric bacteria are necessary for the development of spontaneous colitis and immune system activation in IL-10-deficient mice. IL-10-deficient mice were maintained in either SPF conditions or germfree conditions or were populated with bacteria known to cause colitis in other rodent models. IL-10-deficient mice kept in SPF conditions developed colitis in all segments of the colon (cecum and proximal and distal colon). These mice exhibited immune system activation as evidenced by increased expression of CD44 on CD4+ T cells; increased mesenteric lymph node cell numbers; and increased production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG1, and IL-12 p40 from colon fragment cultures. Mice populated with bacterial strains, including Bacteroides vulgatus, known to induce colitis in other rodent models had minimal colitis. Germfree IL-10-deficient mice had no evidence of colitis or immune system activation. We conclude therefore that resident enteric bacteria are necessary for the development of spontaneous colitis and immune system activation in IL-10-deficient mice.
Vom Fetisch „Wirtschaftswachstum" zur Utopie „Qualität des Lebens"?
Creators: name: Dams, Theodor
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 26 Nr. 9 (1972): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 26, Heft 9
Mutualism-enhancing mutations dominate early adaptation in a two-species microbial community
Creators: name: Venkataram, Sandeep
name: Kuo, Huanyu
name: Hom, Erik
name: Kryazhimskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: barcode lineage tracking
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
whole genome analysis
adaptive evolution
Evolution of mutualism

description: Species interactions drive evolution while evolution shapes these interactions. The resulting eco-evolutionary dynamics, their outcomes and their repeatability depend on how adaptive mutations available to community members affect fitness and ecologically relevant traits. However, the diversity of adaptive mutations is not well characterized, and we do not know how this diversity is affected by the ecological milieu. Here we use barcode lineage tracking to address this gap in a net commensal relationship that contains both competitive and mutualistic aspects between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We find that yeast has access to many adaptive mutations with diverse ecological consequences, in particular, those that increase and reduce the yields of both species. The presence of the alga does not change which mutations are adaptive in yeast (i.e., there is no fitness trade-off for yeast between growing alone or with alga), but rather shifts selection to favor yeast mutants that increase the yields of both species and make the mutualism stronger. Thus, in the presence of the alga, adaptations contending for fixation in yeast are more likely to enhance the mutualism, even though cooperativity is not directly favored by natural selection in our system. Our results demonstrate that ecological interactions not only alter the trajectory of evolution but also dictate its repeatability; in particular, weak mutualisms can repeatably evolve to become stronger.
description: Funding provided by: N/A*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number:
On a theory of the $b$-function in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Bitoun, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A35, 14F10

description: We present a theory of the $b$-function (or Bernstein-Sato polynomial) in positive characteristic. Let $f$ be a non-constant polynomial with coefficients in a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p>0.$ Its $b$-function $b_f$ is defined to be an ideal of the algebra of continuous $k$-valued functions on $\mathbb{Z}_p.$ The zero-locus of the $b$-function is thus naturally interpreted as a subset of $\mathbb{Z}_p,$ which we call the set of roots of $b_f.$ We prove that $b_f$ has finitely many roots and that they are negative rational numbers. Our construction builds on an earlier work of Mustaţă and is in terms of $D$-modules, where $D$ is the ring of Grothendieck differential operators. We use the Frobenius to obtain finiteness properties of $b_f$ and relate it to the test ideals of $f.$
description: Final version
Automatic Pancreas Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction for Morphological Feature Extraction in Medical Image Analysis
Creators: name: Asaturyan, Hykoush
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2021

description: The development of highly accurate, quantitative automatic medical image segmentation techniques, in comparison to manual techniques, remains a constant challenge for medical image analysis. In particular, segmenting the pancreas from an abdominal scan presents additional difficulties: this particular organ has very high anatomical variability, and a full inspection is problematic due to the location of the pancreas behind the stomach. Therefore, accurate, automatic pancreas segmentation can consequently yield quantitative morphological measures such as volume and curvature, supporting biomedical research to establish the severity and progression of a condition, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it can also guide subject stratification after diagnosis or before clinical trials, and help shed additional light on detecting early signs of pancreatic cancer. This PhD thesis delivers a novel approach for automatic, accurate quantitative pancreas segmentation in mostly but not exclusively Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), by harnessing the advantages of machine learning and classical image processing in computer vision. The proposed approach is evaluated on two MRI datasets containing 216 and 132 image volumes, achieving a mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 84:1 4:6% and 85:7 2:3% respectively. In order to demonstrate the universality of the approach, a dataset containing 82 Computer Tomography (CT) image volumes is also evaluated and achieves mean DSC of 83:1 5:3%. The proposed approach delivers a contribution to computer science (computer vision) in medical image analysis, reporting better quantitative pancreas segmentation results in comparison to other state-of-the-art techniques, and also captures detailed pancreas boundaries as verified by two independent experts in radiology and radiography. The contributions’ impact can support the usage of computational methods in biomedical research with a clinical translation; for example, the pancreas volume provides a prognostic biomarker about the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, a generalisation of the proposed segmentation approach successfully extends to other anatomical structures, including the kidneys, liver and iliopsoas muscles using different MRI sequences. Thus, the proposed approach can incorporate into the development of a computational tool to support radiological interpretations of MRI scans obtained using different sequences by providing a “second opinion”, help reduce possible misdiagnosis, and consequently, provide enhanced guidance towards targeted treatment planning.
Role of the Haemophilus ducreyi Ton System in Internalization of Heme from Hemoglobin
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: By cloning into Escherichia coli and construction of isogenic mutants of Haemophilus ducreyi, we showed that the hemoglobin receptor (HgbA) is TonB dependent. An E. coli hemA tonB mutant expressing H. ducreyi hgbA grew on low levels of hemoglobin as a source of heme only when an intact H. ducreyi Ton system plasmid was present. In contrast, growth on heme by the E. coli hemA tonB mutant expressing hgbA was observed only at high concentrations of heme, was TonB independent, and demonstrated that H. ducreyi HgbA was not sufficient to function as a typical TonB-dependent heme receptor in E. coli. Allelic replacement of the wild-type H. ducreyi exbB, exbD, and tonB loci with the exbB, exbD, and tonB deletion resulted in an H. ducreyi isogenic mutant unable to utilize hemoglobin but able to utilize hemin at the same levels as the parent strain to fulfill its heme requirement. This finding confirms the TonB dependence of HgbA-mediated hemoglobin utilization and suggests that uptake of hemin in H. ducreyi is TonB independent. Additionally, the H. ducreyi Ton system mutant synthesized increased amounts of HgbA and other heme-regulated outer membrane proteins, consistent with derepression of these proteins due to lower intracellular heme and/or iron concentrations in the mutant. Sequencing of the Ton system genes revealed that the arrangement of the genes was exbB exbD tonB. The proximity and structure of these genes suggested that they are transcribed as an operon. This arrangement, as well as the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of these H. ducreyi genes, was most similar to those from other pasteurellae.
Diagnosis of Covid-19 Via Patient Breath Data Using Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Doguc, Ozge
name: Silahtaroglu, Gokhan
name: Canbolat, Zehra Nur
name: Hambarde, Kailash
name: Yigitbas, Ahmet Alperen
name: Gokay, Hasan
name: Ylmaz, Mesut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using machine learning algorithms for the rapid diagnosis and detection of the COVID-19 pandemic and isolating the patients from crowded environments are very important to controlling the epidemic. This study aims to develop a point-of-care testing (POCT) system that can detect COVID-19 by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a patient's exhaled breath using the Gradient Boosted Trees Learner Algorithm. 294 breath samples were collected from 142 patients at Istanbul Medipol Mega Hospital between December 2020 and March 2021. 84 cases out of 142 resulted in negatives, and 58 cases resulted in positives. All these breath samples have been converted into numeric values through five air sensors. 10% of the data have been used for the validation of the model, while 75% of the test data have been used for training an AI model to predict the coronavirus presence. 25% have been used for testing. The SMOTE oversampling method was used to increase the training set size and reduce the imbalance of negative and positive classes in training and test data. Different machine learning algorithms have also been tried to develop the e-nose model. The test results have suggested that the Gradient Boosting algorithm created the best model. The Gradient Boosting model provides 95% recall when predicting COVID-19 positive patients and 96% accuracy when predicting COVID-19 negative patients.
description: 9
Early adaptation in a microbial community is dominated by mutualism-enhancing mutations
Creators: name: Venkataram, Sandeep
name: Kuo, Huanyu
name: Hom, Erik
name: Kryazhimskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: barcode lineage tracking
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
whole genome analysis
adaptive evolution
Evolution of mutualism

description: Evolutionary dynamics in ecological communities are often repeatable, but how species interactions affect the distribution of evolutionary outcomes at different levels of biological organization is unclear. Here, we use barcode lineage tracking to experimentally address this gap in a facultatively mutualistic community formed by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that interactions with the alga alter the magnitude but not the sign of the fitness effects of adaptive mutations in yeast, increasing the genetic diversity of mutants contending for fixation. Despite genetic diversity, most contending mutants reinforce the mutualism, which makes evolution more repeatable at the community level. Thus, ecological interactions not only alter the trajectory of evolution but also dictates its repeatability at multiple levels of biological organization.
FluxCT: A Web Tool for Identifying Contaminating Flux in Kepler and TESS Target Pixel Files
Creators: name: Schonhut-Stasik, Jessica
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We announce FluxCT, a web tool for identifying contaminating flux in Kepler and TESS target pixel files due to secondary visual sources. We demonstrate the usage of this tool and discuss the benefits of this tool over a simple Gaia radius search. FluxCT focuses on clarity and simplicity, where the only input needed from the user is a KIC or TIC ID. By more appropriately accounting for the actual shape of the photometric pixel apertures, FluxCT can produce much more accurate estimates of contaminating flux than simple radial cone searches.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted by RNASS February 2023
Early adaptation in a microbial community is dominated by mutualism-enhancing mutations
Creators: name: Venkataram, Sandeep
name: Kuo, Huanyu
name: Hom, Erik
name: Kryazhimskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: barcode lineage tracking
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
whole genome analysis
adaptive evolution
Evolution of mutualism

description: Evolutionary dynamics in ecological communities are often repeatable, but how species interactions affect the distribution of evolutionary outcomes at different levels of biological organization is unclear. Here, we use barcode lineage tracking to experimentally address this gap in a facultatively mutualistic community formed by the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that interactions with the alga alter the magnitude but not the sign of the fitness effects of adaptive mutations in yeast, increasing the genetic diversity of mutants contending for fixation. Despite genetic diversity, most contending mutants reinforce the mutualism, which makes evolution more repeatable at the community level. Thus, ecological interactions not only alter the trajectory of evolution but also dictates its repeatability at multiple levels of biological organization.
Диахроническое исследование русскоязычных учебников корейского языка на основе анализа корейско-русских учебников конца XIX века - 1990-х годОВ
Creators: name: Нурутдинова, Аида
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2022
Subjects: diachronic study
Russian-language Korean textbook
classification of Korean language textbooks
historical period
диахроническое исследование
русскоязычный учебник корейского языка
классификация учебников корейского языка
исторический период

description: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 7 (35) 2022
title: Quantifying Differential Neuronal Activity After Prairie Vole Partner Loss
Creators: name: Sapp, Gracie
Publisher: name: University of Colorado Boulder
Year: 2021
Subjects: pair bond

description:         The loss of social attachments can pose a grave risk to both mental and physical health. The recovery from bereavement is an active process and requires substantial rearranging of one’s life in order to obtain a new normal. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation process are largely still unknown. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a lab-amenable species that forms socially monogamous relationships with opposite-sex conspecifics that are akin to human romantic relationships called pair bonds. In this thesis, I explored how the brain adapts to loss on the neuronal level by quantifying levels of an activity dependent neuronal marker, PS6, after short-term (48hrs) and long-term (4wks) partner separation and subsequent re-introduction. Contrary to my hypothesis, we report significantly higher PS6 induction in the NAc in the long-term cohort than the short-term cohort. Thus, we conclude that after long term separation, and therefore long-term social deprivation, male prairie voles experienced more reward when seeing their partner, a familiar social stimulus, than after re-introduction at the short-term time point.
On the Liveliness of Artificial Life
Creators: name: Koh, Yong Zher
name: Ling, Maurice HT
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There has been on-going philosophical debate on whether artificial life models, also known as digital organisms, are truly alive. The main difficulty appears to be finding an encompassing and definite definition of life. By examining similarities and differences in recent definitions of life, we define life as "any system with a boundary to confine the system within a definite volume and protect the system from external effects, consisting of a program that is capable of improvisation, able to react and adapt to the environment, able to regenerate parts of it-self or its entirety, with energy system comprises of non-interference sets of secluded reactions for self-sustenance, is considered alive or a living system. Any incomplete system containing a program and can be re-assembled into a living system; thereby, converting the reassembled system for the purpose of the incomplete system, are also considered alive." Using this definition, we argue that digital organisms may not be the boundary case of life even though some digital organisms are not considered alive; thereby, taking the view that some form of digital organisms can be considered alive. In addition, we present an experimental framework based on continuity of the overall system and potential discontinuity of elements within the system for testing future definitions of life.
Structures on the Conformal Manifold in Six Dimensional Theories
Creators: name: Osborn, Hugh
name: Stergiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tensors which may be defined on the conformal manifold for six dimensional CFTs with exactly marginal operators are analysed by considering the response to a Weyl rescaling of the metric in the presence of local couplings. It is shown that there are three symmetric two index tensors only one of which satisfies any positivity conditions. The general results are specialised to the six dimensional conformal theory defined by free two-forms and also to the interacting scalar $ϕ^3$ theory at two loops which preserves conformal invariance to this order. All three two index tensor contributions are present.
description: 31 pages; v3: Result for Branson operator for general d added; v4: Minor additions, typos fixed
Gravitational-Scalar Instability of a Cosmological Model Based on a Two-Component System of Degenerate Scalarly Charged Fermions with asymmetric Higgs Interaction. II. WKB-Aapproximation
Creators: name: Ignat'ev, Yu. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions of the system of evolutionary equations in the short-wavelength approximation are found and studied. A connection is established between the problem of the evolution of short-wavelength gravitational-scalar perturbations and the problem of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a linear operator. By means of an applied mathematical package, a program for calculating the amplitudes of perturbations of the cosmological model was created. It is shown that unstable short-wavelength perturbation modes arise in such a system. A numerical model for the evolution of gravitational-scalar perturbations of the cosmological model has been constructed and analyzed.
description: 17 pages, 4 references, 11 figures
The ROCEEH Out of Africa Database: A Case Study in Reusing Archaeological Data Sensibly
Creators: name: Kandel, Andrew
name: Kanaeva, Zara
name: Sommer, Christian
name: Haidle, Miriam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Archaeology
Interoperability
Aggregation

description: In this talk, we discuss our experience in aggregating archaeological data from the past 150 years into the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD). We offer ROAD as a case study for learning how to reuse previously published information and integrating its content into a robust digital framework. By assimilating data written in many languages from sites in Africa and Eurasia spanning from three million years until 20,000 years ago, we add value and also preserve information for future generations to use and reuse. By linking ROAD with ARIADNEplus, we made the data more findable. The data are digitally accessible to scholars and the public through an open license and user interface. The data can be linked and downloaded in several formats, making them interoperable with other systems. Finally, the data have been both reused through their integration into ROAD, and are now ready to be reused by others. To reuse the data, we first developed a method to distill the elements that we thought would be most informative based on the collective experience of our team consisting of archaeologists, paleoanthropologists, paleontologists, paleobotanists and geographers, as well as data scientists. To overcome vast differences in research traditions, we had to decide upon a least common denominator that would be available regardless of when and where data were collected and published. We also needed to harmonize the data to ensure that their entry into the database would flow smoothly. We learned to standardize data formats, wrote detailed specifications, and developed vocabularies to ensure as much consistency as possible. In the end, we discovered the perils and pitfalls of data reuse and applied what we learned in real time to optimize their entry into ROAD. Through this process, we feel that we created a database that is robust, sustainable and multidisciplinary.
Basic postulates of some coordinate transformations within material media
Creators: name: Weng, Zi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper aims to explore the physical quantities of several invariants, including the basic postulates of some types of crucial coordinate transformations, conservation laws and continuity equations, in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. J. C. Maxwell first utilized the quaternions to describe the electromagnetic theory. Subsequent scholars make use of the octonions to study the physical properties of electromagnetic and gravitational fields simultaneously, including the octonion field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque and force. When an octonion coordinate system transforms rotationally, the scalar part of one octonion will remain unchanged, although the vector part of the octonion may alter. In the octonion space $\mathbb{O}$ , some invariants can be derived from this octonion property. A part of these invariants can be selected as the basic postulates of Galilean transformation or Lorentz transformation. Similarly, it is able to derive several invariants from the octonion property, in the transformed octonion space $\mathbb{O}_u$ . And that the invariants can be chosen as the basic postulates of a few new types of coordinate transformations. Further, the combination of invariants in the octonion spaces can be applied as the basic postulates of some new coordinate transformations, relevant to the norm of physical quantities. Through the analysis, it is easy to find that each conserved quantity has its preconditions from the perspective of octonion spaces. This is helpful to deepen the further understanding of the physical properties of conservation laws and other invariants.
description: 12 pages
Equivariant slices for symplectic cones
Creators: name: Schedler, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Darboux-Weinstein decomposition is a central result in the theory of Poisson (degenerate symplectic) varieties, which gives a local decomposition at a point as a product of the formal neighborhood of the symplectic leaf through the point and a formal slice. Recently, conical symplectic resolutions, and more generally, Poisson cones, have been very actively studied in representation theory and algebraic geometry. This motivates asking for a C*-equivariant version of the Darboux-Weinstein decomposition. In this paper, we develop such a theory, prove basic results on their existence and uniqueness, study examples (quotient singularities and hypertoric varieties), and applications to noncommutative algebra (their quantization). We also pose some natural questions on existence and quantization of C*-actions on slices to conical symplectic leaves.
description: 39 pages, final version
A Neisseria gonorrhoeae Immunoglobulin A1 Protease Mutant Is Infectious in the Human Challenge Model of Urethral Infection
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Many mucosal pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, produce proteases that cleave immunoglobulin A (IgA), the predominant immunoglobulin class produced at mucosal surfaces. While considerable circumstantial evidence suggests that IgA1 protease contributes to gonococcal virulence, there is no direct evidence that N. gonorrhoeae requires IgA1 protease activity to infect a human host. We constructed a N. gonorrhoeae iga mutant without introducing new antibiotic resistance markers into the final mutant strain and used human experimental infection to test the ability of the mutant to colonize the male urethra and to cause gonococcal urethritis. Four of the five male volunteers inoculated with the Iga− mutant became infected. In every respect—clinical signs and symptoms, incubation period between inoculation and infection, and the proportion of volunteers infected—the outcome of human experimental infection with FA1090iga was indistinguishable from that previously reported for a variant of parent strain FA1090 matching the mutant in expression of Opa proteins, lipooligosaccharide, and pilin. These results indicate that N. gonorrhoeae does not require IgA1 protease production to cause experimental urethritis in males.
Fundamental groups of toroidal compactifications
Creators: name: Kasparian, A. K.
name: Sankaran, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M27

description: We compute the fundamental group of a toroidal compactification of a Hermitian locally symmetric space $D/Γ$, without assuming either that $Γ$is neat or that it is arithmetic. We also give bounds for the first Betti number.
description: Final version. Fixes error pointed out by M. Roessler, leading to slightly but significantly changed statements: improved notation
Differential Induction of Colitis and Gastritis in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats Selectively Colonized with Bacteroides vulgatus or Escherichia coli
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Resident bacteria play an important role in initiating and perpetuating gastrointestinal inflammation. We previously demonstrated that six commensal bacteria including Bacteroides vulgatus caused more aggressive colitis and gastritis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats than did the other five bacteria without B. vulgatus. This study compared the degree of gastrointestinal inflammation in gnotobiotic HLA-B27 transgenic rats monoassociated with either B. vulgatus or Escherichia coli. Gnotobiotic transgenic rats raised in Trexler isolators were selectively colonized with either B. vulgatus or E. coli. Control rats were either germfree or colonized with six common commensal bacteria (Streptococcus faecium, E. coli, Streptococcus avium, Eubacterium contortum, Peptostreptococcus productus, and B. vulgatus [DESEP-B]). After 1 month, all the rats were killed and tissues were prepared for histologic and biochemical evaluation. Colitis induced by B. vulgatus monoassociation was almost equal to that in DESEP-B-colonized rats and was significantly more severe than E. coli-induced colitis, which was absent by histological testing and mild by colonic myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1β concentration determinations. However, gastritis was detectable only in DESEP-B-associated rats. These studies suggest that not all resident bacteria have equal proinflammatory capabilities, since B. vulgatus alone is more active than E. coli alone in inducing colitis, and that colitis and gastritis result from different luminal bacterial stimuli.
On operator algebras associated with monomial ideals in noncommuting variables
Creators: name: Kakariadis, Evgenios T. A.
name: Shalit, Orr M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L65, 47L75, 46L08, 46L55, 46L40, 46L89

description: We study operator algebras arising from monomial ideals in the ring of polynomials in noncommuting variables, through the apparatus of subproduct systems and C*-correspondences. We provide a full comparison amongst the related operator algebras. For our analysis we isolate a partially defined dynamical system, to which we refer as the {\em quantised dynamics} of the monomial ideal. In addition we revisit several previously considered constructions. These include Matsumoto's subshift C*-algebras, as well as the tensor and the Pimsner algebras associated with dynamical systems or graphs. We sort out the various relations by giving concrete conditions and counterexamples that orientate the operator algebras of our context. It appears that the boundary C*-algebras do not arise as the quotient with the compact operators unconditionally. We establish a dichotomy to this effect by examining the resulting tensor algebras. We identify their boundary representations, we analyse their C*-envelopes, and we give criteria for hyperrigidity. Moreover we completely classify them in terms of the data provided by the monomial ideals. For tensor algebras of C*-correspondences and bounded isomorphisms this is achieved up to the level of local conjugacy (in the sense of Davidson and Roydor) for the quantised dynamics. For tensor algebras of subproduct systems and algebraic isomorphisms this is achieved up to the level of equality of monomial ideals modulo permutations of the variables. In the process we accomplish more in different directions. Most notably we show that tensor algebras form a complete invariant for isomorphic (resp. similar) subproduct systems of homogeneous ideals up to isometric (resp. bounded) isomorphisms. The results on local conjugacy are obtained via an alternative proof of the breakthrough result of Davidson and Katsoulis on piecewise conjugate systems. For our purposes we use appropriate compressions of the Fock representation. We then apply this alternative proof locally for the partially defined quantised dynamics. In this way we avoid the topological graphs machinery and pave the way for further applications. These include operator algebras of dynamical systems over commuting contractions or over row commuting contractions.
description: 77 pages, changes in the format, added Proposition 10.2 that connects the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of a monomial ideal with the Cuntz-Krieger algebra of the unlabeled graph of the follower set graph of the ideal
Examination of Early Interactions between Haemophilus ducreyi and Host Cells by Using Cocultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and Foreskin Fibroblasts
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of chancroid, a sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease. Keratinocytes are likely the first cell type encountered by H. ducreyi upon infection of human skin; thus, the interaction between H. ducreyi and keratinocytes is probably important for the ability of H. ducreyi to establish infection. We have used the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line grown in monolayers and in cocultures with HS27 fibroblasts to investigate H. ducreyi interactions with keratinocytes and the host-cell response to H. ducreyi infection. Using quantitative adherence and gentamicin protection assays, we determined that approximately 13% of H. ducreyi adhered to HaCaT cell monolayers, while only a small proportion (0.0052%) was intracellular. By transmission electron microscopy, we observed numerous H. ducreyi organisms adherent to but rarely within HaCaT cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Both live H. ducreyi and purified H. ducreyi lipooligosaccharide (LOS) induced significant interleukin 8 (IL-8) expression from HaCaT cell-HS27 cell cocultures. However, the level of IL-8 expression in response to LOS alone was not as pronounced. H. ducreyi LOS was a more potent inducer of IL-8 from cocultures than Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the same concentration, suggesting a unique effect of H. ducreyi LOS on cocultures. Neither live H. ducreyi nor purified H. ducreyi LOS or E. coli LPS induced tumor necrosis factor alpha expression from cocultures. H. ducreyi induced drastically different cytokine profiles from cocultures than from HS27 or HaCaT cells cultured separately. IL-8 expression by skin cells in response to H. ducreyi infection in vivo may be responsible for the massive influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other inflammatory cells to the site of infection. This influx of inflammatory cells may be partly responsible for the tissue destruction characteristic of chancroid.
On the ring of cooperations for 2-primary connective topological modular forms
Creators: name: Behrens, Mark
name: Ormsby, Kyle
name: Stapleton, Nathaniel
name: Stojanoska, Vesna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyze the ring tmf_*tmf of cooperations for the connective spectrum of topological modular forms (at the prime 2) through a variety of perspectives: (1) the E_2-term of the Adams spectral sequence for tmf ^ tmf admits a decomposition in terms of Ext groups for bo-Brown-Gitler modules, (2) the image of tmf_*tmf in the rationalization of TMF_*TMF admits a description in terms of 2-variable modular forms, and (3) modulo v_2-torsion, tmf_*tmf injects into a certain product of copies of TMF_0(N)_*, for various values of N. We explain how these different perspectives are related, and leverage these relationships to give complete information on tmf_*tmf in low degrees. We reprove a result of Davis-Mahowald-Rezk, that a piece of tmf ^ tmf gives a connective cover of TMF_0(3), and show that another piece gives a connective cover of TMF_0(5). To help motivate our methods, we also review the existing work on bo_*bo, the ring of cooperations for (2-primary) connective K-theory, and in the process give some new perspectives on this classical subject matter.
description: v4: Minor changes made in response to referee report. To appear in J. Topology. 87 pages, 19 figures
A polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture
Creators: name: Eisner, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the variations of Sarnak's conjecture due to El Abdalaoui, Kulaga-Przymus, Lemanczyk, De La Rue and by the observation that the Mobius function is a good weight (with limit zero) for the polynomial pointwise ergodic theorem in $L^q$, q>1, we introduce polynomial versions of the Sarnak conjecture for minimal systems.
description: 5 pages. The formulation of Theorem 2.2 has been corrected
Identification and Functional Characterization of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae lbpB Gene Product
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We cloned lbpB, encoding a predicted 80-kDa lipoprotein, upstream of lbpA. A nonpolar mutant (LbpB− LbpA+) had normal lactoferrin (LF) binding and grew normally with LF as an iron source, whereas LbpB− LbpA− and LbpB+ LbpA− strains had reduced binding of LF and did not grow with LF as an iron source. LbpB bound LF directly in an affinity purification, suggesting that LbpB might play a still-uncharacterized role in the LF iron utilization.
Exciton insulator states for particle-hole pair in ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O quantum wells and for Dirac cone
Creators: name: Lokot, Lyubov E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper a theoretical studies of the space separation of electron and hole wave functions in the quantum well ZnO/Mg0.27Zn0.73O are presented. For this aim the self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger equations for electrons and holes and the Poisson equations at the presence of spatially varying quantum well potential due to the piezoelectric effect and local exchange-correlation potential is found. The one-dimensional Poisson equation contains the Hartree potential which includes the one-dimensional charge density for electrons and holes along the polarization field distribution. The three-dimensional Poisson equation contains besides the one-dimensional charge density for electrons and holes the exchange-correlation potential which is built on convolutions of a plane-wave part of wave functions in addition. In ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O quantum well the electron-hole pairing leads to the exciton insulator states. An exciton insulator states with a gap 3.4 eV are predicted. If the electron and hole are separated, their energy is higher on 0.2 meV than if they are paired. The particle-hole pairing leads to the Cooper instability.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.5794, arXiv:1409.0303
Ranavirus infection-induced avoidance behavior in wood frog juveniles: Do amphibians socially distance?
Creators: name: Le Sage, Emily
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Hosts may limit exposure to pathogens through changes in behavior, such as avoiding infected individuals or contaminated areas. Here, we tested for a behavioral response to ranavirus infection in juvenile wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) because the majority of dispersal between populations occurs during this life stage. We hypothesized that if infections are transmissible and detectable at this life stage, then susceptibles would display avoidance behaviors when introduced to an infected conspecific. Despite no apparent signs of infection, we observed a greater distance between susceptible-infected pairs, compared to pairs of either two infected or two susceptible animals. Further, distances between susceptible-infected pairs were positively related to the infection intensity of the focal exposed frog, suggesting the cue to avoid infected conspecifics may become more detectable with more intense infections. Although we did not quantify whether transmission was affected by their distancing, our findings suggest that juvenile frogs have the potential to reduce terrestrial transmission of ranaviruses through avoidance behaviors.
description: Funding provided by: Washington State University College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Summer Minigrant*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: Funding provided by: WSU ADVANCE*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: Funding provided by: EPA STAR fellowship*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: 91767901
Data level and decision level fusion of satellite multi-sensor AOD retrievals for improving PM2.5 estimations, a study on Tehran
Creators: name: Mirzaei, Ali
name: Bagheri, Hossein
name: Sattari, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: One of the techniques for estimating the surface particle concentration with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is using aerosol optical depth (AOD) products. Different AOD products are retrieved from various satellite sensors, like MODIS and VIIRS, by various algorithms, such as Deep Blue and Dark Target. Therefore, they do not have the same accuracy and spatial resolution. Additionally, the weakness of algorithms in AOD retrieval reduces the spatial coverage of products, particularly in cloudy or snowy areas. Consequently, for the first time, the present study investigated the possibility of fusing AOD products from observations of MODIS and VIIRS sensors retrieved by Deep Blue and Dark Target algorithms to estimate PM2.5 more accurately. For this purpose, AOD products were fused by machine learning algorithms using different fusion strategies at two levels: the data level and the decision level. First, the performance of various machine learning algorithms for estimating PM2.5 using AOD data was evaluated. After that, the XGBoost algorithm was selected as the base model for the proposed fusion strategies. Then, AOD products were fused. The fusion results showed that the estimated PM2.5 accuracy at the data level in all three metrics, RMSE, MAE, and R2, was improved (R2=0.64). Despite the simplicity and lower computational cost of the data level fusion method, the spatial coverage did not improve considerably due to eliminating poor quality data through the fusion process. Afterward, the fusion of products at the decision level was followed in eleven scenarios. In this way, the best result was obtained by fusing Deep Blue products of MODIS and VIIRS sensors (R2=0.81)
description: Earth Sci Inform (2023)