cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the sustainability of file folders used by the campus community
Creators: name: Faucher, JP
name: Li, Carl Qing
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: With the development of the sustainability concept and greener manufacture processes, there are more sustainable products on the market. This project has the purpose to analyze file folders used by the UBC community and determine if the “green” file folders are actually more sustainable than the “non-green” similar items and also compare these products to determine if some are better than others. A list of 11 file folders is taken from the most commonly used office supplies purchased by UBC to be analyzed. This process is done by using a Triple Bottom Line (TBL) assessment approach in which social, environmental and financial impacts are evaluated. In order to complete this analysis, an assessment tool combining 15 questions each divided equally between those three factors. Each item is evaluated based on the same criteria and is given a score for each question. After assessing all products, the total score can help compare all products against each other. This assessment using the TBL approach allows a fair and equitable comparison against similar items by making sure the three factors (social, environmental and financial) are weighted equally. This analysis shows that the products branded as “green” actually show some more sustainable characteristics that “non-green” products do not have. With that being said, all the green marketed products do not stand at the same level on the “sustainability ladder”. In fact, their final score varies from 45% to 87% based on our evaluation. As for the non-green products, they have low scores of 32% and 45%.The major differences found between the high score and the low score products are the portion of recycled content, the location of the manufacturing facility and the presence of a variety of materials involved in the manufacture making them hard to fully recycle at the end of their life. There are many differing opinions regarding recycling paper fibers, however, it is a deep and complicated subject and beyond the scope of this paper. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Photon polarization in $B\to K_{\rm res}γ$
Creators: name: Lee, Jong-Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk, I introduce recently proposed method for measuring the photon polarization in $B\to K_{\rm res}γ$. It is also shown that anomalous right-handed top couplings can severely affect the photon polarization without spoiling the well measured branching ratio of $B\to X_sγ$. Estimated number of $B$ mesons needed for measuring the photon polarization is already within the reach of current $B$ factories.
description: 10 pages, Contribution to the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conferenceon Flavor Physics (ICFP 2003), KIAS, Seoul, Korea, 6-11 Oct. 2003
How to Rest, or Modes of Recreation
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1891
Subjects: subject: Rest
subject: Recreation
subject: Literary Union (Jacksonville, Ill.)
subject: Rest
subject: Recreation

description: Presented to the Literary Union of Jacksonville, Ill., 1884
LINEAR POLARIZATION AND CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY OF ALUMINUM
Creators: name: Sotoudeh, Kaveh
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The potentiostatic polarization curves, also called potentiodynamic curves for aluminum 1199 (99.99% aluminum) in one molar sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chromate solutions were obtained. A polynomial equation describing the above polarization curves, was then derived for each experimental run using a computer. A BASIC program is then written utilizing these equations. The BASIC program is capable of calculating the logarithm (base ten) of the current density, given the overpotential. Also the program can describe the observed anodic, or cathodic, behavior, or both, in the form of a plot (overpotential vs the logarithm of current density). Finally voltammograms of above sodium salts were studied to evaluate the feasibility of cyclic voltammetry as an analytical tool to investigate dissolution processes.
Scathophaga bohemiae Sifner 2000
Creators: name: Šifner, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Scathophaga
Scathophaga bohemiae

description: Scathophaga bohemiae Šifner, 2000
 Scathophaga bohemiae Šifner, 2000: 193 (described as Scathophora bohemiae – printer’s error). HOLOTYPE: ♀, Czech Republic, Veltrusy, 17°19′ N 14°21′E, deciduous forest, 170 m a.s.l., 17.v.1985, Barták leg. (FSPC).
 Distribution. Czech Republic (ŠIFNER 2000: 193, 2003a: 69).
description: Published as part of Šifner, František, 2008, A catalogue of the Scathophagidae (Diptera) of the Palaearctic region, with notes on their taxonomy and faunistics, pp. 111-196 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (1) on page 161, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5342493
LINEAR POLARIZATION AND CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY OF ALUMINUM
Creators: name: Sotoudeh, Kaveh
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3406
subject: Physical chemistry

description: The potentiostatic polarization curves, also called potentiodynamic curves for aluminum 1199 (99.99% aluminum) in one molar sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chromate solutions were obtained. A polynomial equation describing the above polarization curves, was then derived for each experimental run using a computer. A BASIC program is then written utilizing these equations. The BASIC program is capable of calculating the logarithm (base ten) of the current density, given the overpotential. Also the program can describe the observed anodic, or cathodic, behavior, or both, in the form of a plot (overpotential vs the logarithm of current density). Finally voltammograms of above sodium salts were studied to evaluate the feasibility of cyclic voltammetry as an analytical tool to investigate dissolution processes.
A COMPARISON OF THE LIVING STANDARDS BETWEEN HUSBANDS AND WIVES IN DUAL-EARNER COUPLES, 1968-1979: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS (RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES)
Creators: name: Spalter-Roth, Roberta Mitchell
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This research draws on a feminist perspective that emphasizes the family as a locus of struggle over the production and distribution of resources, in which the hierarchical relations of gender, race, and the occupational division of labor interact to produce material inequalities. It explores inequalities and uneven changes in living standards between waged and salaried "dual-earner" spouses during the 1970s. The specific research question addressed is: Does exclusive focus on the couple mask inequalities and uneven changes in living standards between husbands and wives?; The data analyzed come from two waves (1969 and 1980) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The PSID is a twelve-year longitudinal sample of 5,000 families. A sub-sample of dual-earner spouses was selected for purposes of this analysis. Data are presented for spouses treated jointly, spouses treated separately, and spouses treated in relation to each other. This comparison becomes increasingly elaborate as the research progresses. First, findings are presented for the total sample of dual-earner husbands and wives. Next, dual-earner husbands and wives are further broken down into sub-groups, first by race and then by race and then by race and occupational category. In the analysis, three different measures of living standards are used. The first is labor income in constant (1968) dollars, a widely used indicator of living standards. The second, hourly wages in constant dollars, is also widely used. The third, reproduction pay in constant dollars, is unique to this study. This indicator integrates time spent at housework into the hourly wage measures. It is argued that this indicator is more reflective of the activities required to produce living standards in capitalist economies with substantial consumer goods and service sectors. The results of this research show inequalities and uneven changes between the living standards of the total sample of husbands and wives, between black husbands and wives, between white husbands and wives, and between husbands and wives typed by race and occupational categories. Thus, the study concludes that research on living standards, informed by a feminist perspective, especially if further refined, will yield more valid insights than the more traditional approaches.
Coniosternum lapponicum Ringdahl 1920
Creators: name: Šifner, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Coniosternum
Coniosternum lapponicum

description: Coniosternum lapponicum Ringdahl, 1920
 Coniosternum lapponicum Ringdahl, 1920: 39. SYNTYPES: 2 JJ, Sweden, Lappland, environs of Kiruna, peat bog, Ringdahl leg. (NHRS).
 Note. Andersson (1976, pers. comm.) wrote: ‘Type locality: Sweden, Torne Lapmark, Kiruna, J; type series 2 JJ, labelled: “Kiruna 2.8.18”. That means collected by O. Ringdahl in 1918. There are also 2 ♀♀ with the same data. No lectotype present’.
 Distribution. Czech Republic (ŠIFNER 2003a: 78); Mongolia (GORODKOV 1974: 391); Russia – European Russia, West Siberia, East Siberia, Far East (GORODKOV 1986: 32); Sweden (HEDSTRÖM 1991: 144); Nearctic region (VOCKEROTH 1965: 838).
description: Published as part of Šifner, František, 2008, A catalogue of the Scathophagidae (Diptera) of the Palaearctic region, with notes on their taxonomy and faunistics, pp. 111-196 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5342493
Peeling from a patterned thin elastic film
Creators: name: Ghatak, A.
name: Mahadevan, L.
name: Chung, J. Y.
name: Chaudhury, M. K.
name: Shenoy, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the observation that many naturally occurring adhesives arise as textured thin films, we consider the displacement controlled peeling of a flexible plate from an incision-patterned thin adhesive elastic layer. We find that crack initiation from an incision on the film occurs at a load much higher than that required to propagate it on a smooth adhesive surface; multiple incisions thus cause the crack to propagate intermittently. Microscopically, this mode of crack initiation and propagation in geometrically confined thin adhesive films is related to the nucleation of cavitation bubbles behind the incision which must grow and coalesce before a viable crack propagates. Our theoretical analysis allows us to rationalize these experimental observations qualitatively and quantitatively and suggests a simple design criterion for increasing the interfacial fracture toughness of adhesive films.
description: 8 pages, To appear in Proceedings of Royal Society London, Ser. A
Scathophaga intermedia
Creators: name: Šifner, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Scathophaga
Scathophaga intermedia

description: Scathophaga intermedia (Walker, 1849)
 Scatophaga intermedia Walker, 1849: 180.? SYNTYPES: Canada, Nova Scotia; no additional data quoted in the original paper (depository unknown).
 Distribution. Poland (DRABER- MONKO 1991: 232); Russia – Far East (GORODKOV 1986: 31); Nearctic region (VOCKEROTH 1965: 838).
description: Published as part of Šifner, František, 2008, A catalogue of the Scathophagidae (Diptera) of the Palaearctic region, with notes on their taxonomy and faunistics, pp. 111-196 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (1) on page 165, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5342493
Exceeding classical capacity limit in quantum optical channel
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Mikio
name: Takeoka, Masahiro
name: Mizuno, Jun
name: Sasaki, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amount of information transmissible through a communications channel is determined by the noise characteristics of the channel and by the quantities of available transmission resources. In classical information theory, the amount of transmissible information can be increased twice at most when the transmission resource (e.g. the code length, the bandwidth, the signal power) is doubled for fixed noise characteristics. In quantum information theory, however, the amount of information transmitted can increase even more than twice. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of this super-additivity of classical capacity of a quantum channel by using the ternary symmetric states of a single photon, and by event selection from a weak coherent light source. We also show how the super-additive coding gain, even in a small code length, can boost the communication performance of conventional coding technique.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A COMPARISON OF THE LIVING STANDARDS BETWEEN HUSBANDS AND WIVES IN DUAL-EARNER COUPLES, 1968-1979: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS (RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES)
Creators: name: Spalter-Roth, Roberta Mitchell
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This research draws on a feminist perspective that emphasizes the family as a locus of struggle over the production and distribution of resources, in which the hierarchical relations of gender, race, and the occupational division of labor interact to produce material inequalities. It explores inequalities and uneven changes in living standards between waged and salaried "dual-earner" spouses during the 1970s. The specific research question addressed is: Does exclusive focus on the couple mask inequalities and uneven changes in living standards between husbands and wives?; The data analyzed come from two waves (1969 and 1980) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The PSID is a twelve-year longitudinal sample of 5,000 families. A sub-sample of dual-earner spouses was selected for purposes of this analysis. Data are presented for spouses treated jointly, spouses treated separately, and spouses treated in relation to each other. This comparison becomes increasingly elaborate as the research progresses. First, findings are presented for the total sample of dual-earner husbands and wives. Next, dual-earner husbands and wives are further broken down into sub-groups, first by race and then by race and then by race and occupational category. In the analysis, three different measures of living standards are used. The first is labor income in constant (1968) dollars, a widely used indicator of living standards. The second, hourly wages in constant dollars, is also widely used. The third, reproduction pay in constant dollars, is unique to this study. This indicator integrates time spent at housework into the hourly wage measures. It is argued that this indicator is more reflective of the activities required to produce living standards in capitalist economies with substantial consumer goods and service sectors. The results of this research show inequalities and uneven changes between the living standards of the total sample of husbands and wives, between black husbands and wives, between white husbands and wives, and between husbands and wives typed by race and occupational categories. Thus, the study concludes that research on living standards, informed by a feminist perspective, especially if further refined, will yield more valid insights than the more traditional approaches.
Charge ordering in the three-dimensional Coulomb glass at finite temperatures and low disorders
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have studied the three dimensional Coulomb glass lattice model at half-filling using Monte Carlo Simulations. Annealing of the system shows a second-order transition from paramagnetic to charge-ordered phase for zero as well as small disorders. We have also calculated the critical exponents and transition temperature using a finite sizing scaling approach. The Monte Carlo simulation is done using the Metropolis algorithm, which allowed us to study larger lattice sizes. The transition temperature and the critical exponents at zero disorder matched the previous studies within numerical error. We found that the transition temperature of the system decreased as the disorder is increased. The values of critical exponents $α$ and $γ$ were less and value of $ν$ more than the corresponding zero disorder values. The use of large system sizes led to the correct variation of critical exponents with the disorder.
description: 6 pages, 7Figures
Spiral magnetic field and bound states of vortices in noncentrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Samoilenka, Albert
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the unconventional magnetic response and vortex states arising in noncentrosymmetric superconductors with chiral octahedral and tetrahedral ($O$ or $T$) symmetry. We microscopically derive Ginzburg-Landau free energy. It is shown that due to spin-orbit and Zeeman coupling magnetic response of the system can change very significantly with temperature. For sufficiently strong coupling this leads to a crossover from type-1 superconductivity at elevated temperature to vortex states at lower temperature. The external magnetic field decay in such superconductors does not have the simple exponential law. We show that in the London limit, magnetic field can be solved in terms of complex force-free fields $\vec{W}$, which are defined by $\nabla \times \vec{W} = \text{const} \vec{W}$. Using that we demonstrate that the magnetic field of a vortex decays in spirals. Because of such behavior of the magnetic field, the intervortex and vortex-boundary interaction becomes non-monotonic with multiple minima. This implies that vortices form bound states with other vortices, antivortices, and boundaries.
description: published version
Scathophaga grisea
Creators: name: Šifner, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Scathophaga
Scathophaga grisea

description: Scathophaga grisea (Malloch, 1920)
 Scatophaga grisea Malloch, 1920a: 34. HOLOTYPE: J, USA, Utah, Logan, 20.v.1914, H. R. Hagan leg. (INHS).
 Distribution. Mongolia (GORODKOV 1974: 391); Nearctic region (VOCKEROTH 1965: 383).
description: Published as part of Šifner, František, 2008, A catalogue of the Scathophagidae (Diptera) of the Palaearctic region, with notes on their taxonomy and faunistics, pp. 111-196 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (1) on page 164, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5342493
Additional file 3 of mtIF3 is locally translated in axons and regulates mitochondrial translation for axonal growth
Creators: name: Lee, Soyeon
name: Park, Dongkeun
name: Lim, Chunghun
name: Kim, Jae-Ick
name: Min, Kyung-Tai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Modulation of mtIF3 expression level. a, b mtIF3 level was reduced by RNA interference with shRNA. By performing western blot, we verified the successful reduction of mtiF3 48 h after incubation of shRNA in NIH/3T3 cells. The level of mtIF3 was decreased about 50% compared with control group. The mtIF3 expression level was normalized to β-tubulin level. Data represent mean ± SEM (N = 5 independent experiments). *P < 0.05 as determined by unpaired Welch’s t-test. c Sequence of shRNA-resistant (SR) mtIF3. 7 nucleotides of mtIF3 CDS were mutated at mtIF3 shRNA targeting site. d Co-expression of mtIF3 (SR) with shRNA analyzed by western blot. shRNA and 5’UTR-mtIF3 (SR)-3xFLAG-3’UTR plasmids were co-transfected for 72 h in Neuro2A cells. e Relative expression level of mtIF3 with UTRs or without UTRs analyzed by western blot. Plasmid of mtIF3 (SR) with UTRs or without UTRs was transfected for 72 h in Neuro2A cells. The gradually increasing amount of mtIF3 (SR)-3xFLAG plasmid was used for transfection to compare with UTR-dependent expression level of mtIF3. * indicates 3xFlag-tagged mtIF3 (SR) and ** indicates endogenous mtIF3. β-tubulin was used for loading control. f, g Dual promoter constructs and representative images of mtIF3 with mito-mTFP1 or mCherry in Neuro2A cells (Scale bar, 5 μm).
Concentrations, Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of 12 Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the Urban Soils of Baraki, Algiers (Algeria) with Determination by Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
Creators: name: Benlaribi, Rabia
name: Schramm, Sébastien
name: Vincent, Bryan
name: Djebbar, Safia
name: Aubriet, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The concentrations of twelve dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (DL-PCB) were determined in fifty-seven soils by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The investigated soils were collected in a 72 km2 area close to Algiers, the Algerian capital. The highest cumulated DL-PCB concentration was close to 82 µg kg−1. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) ensured the tentative identification of the contamination sources, which were found to be associated with the release into the environment of PCB commercial mixtures from electrical transformers or from open burning of household wastes. The associated toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) relative to the 12 DL-PCBs did not exceeded 2.8 ng.kg−1. The use of the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines ensured to define that neither the cancer potential human health risk nor the non-carcinogenic risk were significantly increased by the DL-PCB concentrations in the investigated soils.
Polarization observations in a low synchrotron emission field at 1.4 GHz
Creators: name: Bernardi, G.
name: Carretti, E.
name: Cortiglioni, S.
name: Sault, R. J.
name: Kesteven, M. J.
name: Poppi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first observation of the diffuse polarized synchrotron radiation of a patch ($\sim 3^\circ \times 3^\circ$) in the BOOMERanG field, one of the areas with the lowest CMB foreground emission. The work has been carried out with the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 1.4 GHz with 3.4 arcmin resolution and sensitivity of $\sim 0.18$ mJy beam$^{-1}$. The mean polarized signal has been found to be $P_{rms} = \sqrt{(Q_{rms}^2 + U_{rms}^2)} = 11.6 \pm 0.6$ mK, nearly one order of magnitude below than in the Galactic Plane. Extrapolations to frequencies of interest for cosmological investigations suggest that polarized synchrotron foreground noise should allow the detection of the CMB Polarization $E$--mode already at 32 GHz and make us confident that, at 90 GHz, it is accessible with no relevant foreground contamination. Last but not least, even the $B$--mode detection for $T/S > 0.01$ is not ruled out in such a low emission patch.
description: Uses emulateapj.sty, onecolfloat.sty, 5 pages 4 fig., accepted for publication in ApJL
ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MEDICINE: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (INTENSIVE CARE NURSERY, HEMODIALYSIS)
Creators: name: Swyter, Judith L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This is an anthropological study of ethical dilemma situations in contemporary American medicine. The medical setting is of special importance for studying ethical dilemmas because of its increasing complexity, its technological achievements and limitations, and its intense human encounters. Too often complex dilemma situations are reduced to single issues. The objective of this study was to understand and characterize ethical dilemma situations as they occurred in the clinical setting from the perspectives of the staff, patients and families involved in them. Participant-observation fieldwork and interviewing were carried out on an intensive care nursery and an adult hemodialysis unit in a medical center hospital. Data were collected and analyzed using a grounded theory approach and a research guide inspired by the work of Arthur Kleinman. Twenty-one cases were examined in detail, 15 from the nursery and six from the dialysis unit. From the participants' viewpoint, an ethical dilemma was (1) a specific situation characterized by uncertainty, (2) involving normative and existential issues, (3) interpersonal and/or intrapersonal conflict about how to handle these issues, and (4) the need to make an action decision regarding them. This is a broader definition than is usually found in discussions of ethical dilemmas. It specifically includes concerns about staff-patient-family problems. In the clinical setting action was needed to resolve the dilemmas, and these concerns could influence the action that was taken. The participants identified 26 dilemmas in the 21 cases that could be classified broadly under three types: how far to go in using medical technology (16 cases), family problems (6 cases), and intra-staff conflict about patient care (4 cases). Analysis revealed five significant features of the ethical dilemma situations in these cases. They were unpredictable and had to be dealt with after they had developed. They were felt to be "long and draining" regardless of how long they lasted. They were shaped by the clinical context in which they occurred: the structure of pediatric medicine could lead to different dilemma experiences than those found in adult medicine. They involved problems in decision making and communication. They both reflected and were influenced by values and social factors in the larger society. The study identified characteristics of ethical dilemma situations that contributed to the difficulty of their resolution in ways not generally recognized in medical practice. It also points to the need for a broader view of ethical dilemmas than has been traditional among ethicists.
Analyzing Total Factor Productivity Effects of Agricultural Policies and Climate Change Using Production Function Models
Creators: name: Toland, Gerald D.
name: Onyeaghala, Raphael O.
name: Toland, Gerald D.
name: Onyeaghala, Raphael O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Our global agricultural economy is challenged with serving the nutritional needs of nine billion people by the year 2050. An estimated seventy-percent increase in agricultural production capacity is needed over the next thirty-five years to balance the growth trends of worldwide food supply and demand. To investigate fundamental aspects of this challenge, we utilize a USDA-ERS production model (2003)i and an OECD model of sustainable growth to examine the economic factors required for sustainable Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth.ii We also review the effects of alternative institutional approaches, research funding policies, new technologies and climate change effects as critical determinants of global TFP growth rates required to meet growing worldwide food demands.
ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MEDICINE: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (INTENSIVE CARE NURSERY, HEMODIALYSIS)
Creators: name: Swyter, Judith L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This is an anthropological study of ethical dilemma situations in contemporary American medicine. The medical setting is of special importance for studying ethical dilemmas because of its increasing complexity, its technological achievements and limitations, and its intense human encounters. Too often complex dilemma situations are reduced to single issues. The objective of this study was to understand and characterize ethical dilemma situations as they occurred in the clinical setting from the perspectives of the staff, patients and families involved in them. Participant-observation fieldwork and interviewing were carried out on an intensive care nursery and an adult hemodialysis unit in a medical center hospital. Data were collected and analyzed using a grounded theory approach and a research guide inspired by the work of Arthur Kleinman. Twenty-one cases were examined in detail, 15 from the nursery and six from the dialysis unit. From the participants' viewpoint, an ethical dilemma was (1) a specific situation characterized by uncertainty, (2) involving normative and existential issues, (3) interpersonal and/or intrapersonal conflict about how to handle these issues, and (4) the need to make an action decision regarding them. This is a broader definition than is usually found in discussions of ethical dilemmas. It specifically includes concerns about staff-patient-family problems. In the clinical setting action was needed to resolve the dilemmas, and these concerns could influence the action that was taken. The participants identified 26 dilemmas in the 21 cases that could be classified broadly under three types: how far to go in using medical technology (16 cases), family problems (6 cases), and intra-staff conflict about patient care (4 cases). Analysis revealed five significant features of the ethical dilemma situations in these cases. They were unpredictable and had to be dealt with after they had developed. They were felt to be "long and draining" regardless of how long they lasted. They were shaped by the clinical context in which they occurred: the structure of pediatric medicine could lead to different dilemma experiences than those found in adult medicine. They involved problems in decision making and communication. They both reflected and were influenced by values and social factors in the larger society. The study identified characteristics of ethical dilemma situations that contributed to the difficulty of their resolution in ways not generally recognized in medical practice. It also points to the need for a broader view of ethical dilemmas than has been traditional among ethicists.
Assessing farmers’ preferences for the future of the Common Agricultural Policy: insights from of a discrete choice experiment in Germany
Creators: name: Latacz, Uwe
name: Schreiner, Julia
name: Latacz, Uwe
name: Schreiner, Julia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Common agricultural policy
subject: discrete choice experiment
subject: analysis of acceptance

description: This paper analyses the determinants of German farmers’ acceptance of alternative agricultural policy packages. The analysis is based on a discrete choice experiment with 434 farmers from across Germany. The study participants presented with the choice of three different policy packages in each of the seven choice sets for which responses were to be given, plus an option to withdraw from the present agricultural policy. The data was analysed using a random parameter logit model and a latent class estimation to reveal preference heterogeneity among those surveyed. Around two thirds of respondents declared themselves to be in favour of the continuation of direct payments. Less than half of the respondents (40 %) were prepared in principle to accept higher standards in the environment and animal welfare in return for continued direct payments. However, nearly one quarter (23%) of those surveyed wanted direct payments to continue without having to do anything in return. The majority of farmers surveyed were against a state safety net through market intervention. One third of respondents wanted the abolition of the Common Agricultural Policy in its present form, including direct payments.
Coniosternum mihalyii Sifner 1975
Creators: name: Šifner, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Scathophagidae
Coniosternum
Coniosternum mihalyii

description: Coniosternum mihalyii Šifner, 1975
 Coniosternum mihalyii Šifner, 1975: 225. HOLOTYPE: J, Mongolia, ‘ Bajan – Ölgij aimak, NO Ecke des Sees Tolbo nuur [= NE edge of the Tolbo nuur lake] (No. 1050), 1.vii.1968, 2100 m a.s.l., Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab leg.’ (HNHM).
 New records. IRAQ: Baghdad, hotel Babylon, garden – light trap, 13.iv.1983, 1 J, Olejníček leg. (FSPC)
 Distribution. Iraq (this paper); Mongolia (ŠIFNER 1975: 225).
description: Published as part of Šifner, František, 2008, A catalogue of the Scathophagidae (Diptera) of the Palaearctic region, with notes on their taxonomy and faunistics, pp. 111-196 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5342493
Complexity Analysis of Generalized and Fractional Hypertree Decompositions
Creators: name: Gottlob, Georg
name: Lanzinger, Matthias
name: Pichler, Reinhard
name: Razgon, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: Hypertree decompositions (HDs), as well as the more powerful generalized hypertree decompositions (GHDs), and the yet more general fractional hypertree decompositions (FHDs) are hypergraph decomposition methods successfully used for answering conjunctive queries and for solving constraint satisfaction problems. Every hypergraph $H$ has a width relative to each of these methods: its hypertree width $hw(H)$, its generalized hypertree width $ghw(H)$, and its fractional hypertree width $fhw(H)$, respectively. It is known that $hw(H)\leq k$ can be checked in polynomial time for fixed $k$, while checking $ghw(H)\leq k$ is NP-complete for $k \geq 3$. The complexity of checking $fhw(H)\leq k$ for a fixed $k$ has been open for over a decade. We settle this open problem by showing that checking $fhw(H)\leq k$ is NP-complete, even for $k=2$. The same construction allows us to prove also the NP-completeness of checking $ghw(H)\leq k$ for $k=2$. After that, we identify meaningful restrictions which make checking for bounded $ghw$ or $fhw$ tractable or allow for an efficient approximation of the $fhw$.
description: This is a significantly extended and enhanced version of arXiv:1611.01090
Additional file 4 of mtIF3 is locally translated in axons and regulates mitochondrial translation for axonal growth
Creators: name: Lee, Soyeon
name: Park, Dongkeun
name: Lim, Chunghun
name: Kim, Jae-Ick
name: Min, Kyung-Tai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Blocking mitochondrial translation decreases mitochondrial ATP level. Treatment of chloramphenicol caused the rapid decrease of FRET intensity. Primary hippocampal neurons were transfected with Mt-ATeam1.03 at DIV2 and images were taken every 5 minutes for 90 minutes at DIV3. After the first image was taken, chloramphenicol was treated during the whole experimental time without washing. The values are presented as mean ± SEM and statistical significance was tested between 5 minutes before treatment and 0 minute after treatment using paired t-test. N = 10 cells from 3 independent experiments. ***P < 0.001.
TRANSNATIONAL BANKS AND DYNAMICS OF INFLATION IN PERU: A SIMPLE ECONOMETRIC MACRO MODEL (FOREIGN DEBT, INTERNATIONAL BANKING, FINANCE)
Creators: name: Uriarte, J. Manuel
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: By examining inflation during 1960-1980 within a general equilibrium approach, this dissertation attempts to relate external credit to domestic prices. It seeks to determine whether excess availability of foreign loans (official and private) reinforces inflationary pressures in the Peruvian economy. It is also concerned with international banking operations and the evolution of the foreign debt. A macroeconometric model is formulated and estimated based on the view that foreign prices, aggregate demand, and money supply are important determinants of inflation. The model is divided into the expenditure and fiscal-monetary-balance-of-payments sectors. Generalized least squares and three-stage least squares systems methods are applied using annual observations. Based on Theil's accuracy analysis criteria and the evidence obtained from the dynamic solution, is concluded that the model tracks the data reasonably well. Increases in bank loans are found to have over time significant effects on increasing aggregate demand, fiscal deficits, reserve money, and money supply, and that such increases have a positive impact on prices. It is also found that initially official lending has a positive and greater effect on domestic demand and budget deficits, and relatively more inflationary consequences, than bank loans. Increases in nonbank lending are associated with an approximately equal increase in government consumption. The evidence supports the proposition that official credit is relatively more inflationary than bank credit initially; however, the long-run impact of official lending is negative, while that for bank lending is positive. It is concluded that there is no substantial trade off between inflation and excess availability of foreign capital borrowing during the period under consideration. By contracting foreign borrowing, it appears that inflation will not be reduced significantly. The role of bank financing in facilitating Peruvian economic growth is not as great as it has been assumed to be in academic and journalistic discussions in recent years. Declines in inflation seem to require the control of demand and credit, and the reduction of budget deficits. Finally, there is empirical reason to conclude that increases in external capital borrowing are linked to increases in the general level of prices.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for general open quantum systems
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation for general open quantum dynamics, described by a joint unitary evolution on a composite system comprising a system and an environment. By measuring the environmental state after the system-environment interaction, we bound the counting observables in the environment by the survival activity, which reduces to the dynamical activity in classical Markov processes. Remarkably, the relation derived herein holds for general open quantum systems with any counting observable and any initial state. Therefore, our relation is satisfied for classical Markov processes with arbitrary time-dependent transition rates and initial states. We apply our relation to continuous measurement and the quantum walk to find that the quantum nature of the system can enhance the precision. Moreover, we can make the lower bound arbitrarily small by employing appropriate continuous measurement.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; 9 pages of supplemental material with 1 figure
GHG Emissions Associated with Food Diets Eaten in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Creators: name: Aguiar, Danilo R. D.
name: Simoes, Giovanna T.C.
name: Aguiar, Danilo R. D.
name: Simoes, Giovanna T.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: climate change
subject: food consumption
subject: environmental taxes

description: The purpose of this paper is to measure the emissions of Greenhouse gas (GHG) related to the diets eaten in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by different groups of consumers, as well as to examine whether the taxes currently applied to food products are consistent with the environmental damages caused by them. We found that from 73% to 87% of the diet-related GHG emissions come from only two types of foods: beef and dairy. Rice is the main emitter among the foods of plant origin. The results also show that the diets of low-income individuals emit significantly less, while the diets of residents of countryside and small towns emit more than the diets of residents of São Paulo capital and the metropolitan area. Regarding the relationship between the existing taxes products and the hypothetical environmental taxes, we found that the existing taxes are too low for GHG-intensive foods and too high for less GHG-intensive foods, a pattern that tends to restrict the consumption of eco-friendly food items, as well as to stimulate the consumption of foods with high carbon footprints. A review of the tax policy applied to food products taking into account their GHG intensity is highly recommended, but the impact of such policy on nutrition and health should also be considered.
Measuring Total Factor Productivity on Irish Dairy Farms: A Fisher Index Approach using Farm Level Data
Creators: name: McCormack, Michele
name: Thorne, Fiona
name: Hanrahan, Kevin
name: McCormack, Michele
name: Thorne, Fiona
name: Hanrahan, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper presents a Fisher index measure of the total factor productivity (TFP) performance of Irish dairy farms over the period 2006-2016 using Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) data. The removal of milk quotas in 2015 has led to an increase of over 30% in dairy cow numbers since 2010, and although Suckler cow numbers have dropped slightly, the total number of cows in Ireland has reached an all-time high of 2.5 million head. This large increase adds to the environmental pressures attributed to agricultural output, and puts the focus firmly on how efficiently the additional agricultural output associated with higher cow numbers is produced. The primary purpose of this paper is to identify a standardised measure of the TFP performance of Irish dairy farms that can be routinely updated using Teagasc NFS data. We find that relative to 2010 the TFP of Irish dairy farms has increased by 17%, however in one production year, 2014-2015, when milk quota was removed, the TFP measure increased by 10%. TFP grew by 3% in the production year 2015-2016, it would seem therefore that the removal of the European dairy quota system has resulted in a windfall gain for Irish Dairy farmers but that productivity gains are continuing. Future data will be required to investigate the longer term TFP performance of Irish dairy farms in the post milk-quota era.
Pion nucleon coupling constant, Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy and $πN$ $σ$ term
Creators: name: Nagy, Miroslav
name: Scadron, Michael D.
name: Hite, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start by studying the Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy (GTd) $Δ= (2.259\pm 0.591)%$. Then we look at the $πN$ $σ$ term, with the dimensionless ratio $σ_N/2m_N=3.35%$. Finally we return to predicting (via the quark model) the $πN$ coupling constant, with GTd $Δ\to 0$ as $m_q\to m_N/3$.
description: 5 pages, no figures, LaTeX; v2: corrected typo in eq. (6); v3: a discussion concerning chiral perturbation theory, and a co-author added
Labour input and technology adoption on Irish dairy farms post-quota
Creators: name: Dillon, Emma Jane
name: Moran, Brian
name: Dillon, Emma Jane
name: Moran, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The continued sustainable growth of Irish agriculture is dependent on further productivity and efficiency gains. The adoption of output enhancing technologies is critical in this regard. Additional labour input will also be required, particularly in the dairy sector where milk output has increased on 80% of farms since 2014. The considerable structural change experienced in Irish dairy farming over the past decade is reflected in Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) data indicating that a growing percentage of farms now have a herd size of greater than 100 cows. Further expansion in the dairy sector will result in an increased demand for hired labour, particularly at peak times of the year e.g. calving. Innovations like contract rearing and collaborative farming as well as labour saving technologies such as automatic milking are also becoming more commonplace. Despite this, the role of owned family labour remains critical and the management component of this labour is of growing importance. In line with EU Farm Accounts Data Network (FADN) methodology, the Teagasc NFS currently captures the unpaid family component of farm labour through self-reported hours worked on an annual basis. Drawing on productivity studies undertaken elsewhere this scoping study aims to further investigate the contribution of labour in a more disaggregated fashion, an important exercise given seasonal differences in labour demand. One component of this proposed work is to undertake a “Time Use Study” across a sub-sample of TNFS farms. This will serve to both validate and improve upon data already collected within the survey and will prove useful for stakeholders in understanding the extent to which labour input (owned and hired) has the potential to represent a constraint on production growth. This would be the first time Teagasc NFS data would be utilised in conjunction with such data and would prove a useful benchmarking exercise. Insights into the extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing farmer uptake of technologies (some of which may be labour saving) will also be investigated using econometric methods. From a sustainability perspective this study will provide a better understanding of Irish farm labour demand and the implications for current/future work-life balance of on-going sectoral growth. Existing farm-level sustainability indicators find a correlation between economic performance and technology adoption but questions remain as to the key drivers of innovation across systems. This study aims to explore this further building on previous work which confirmed the important role of extension and education in this regard.