cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report
Creators: name: Bennett, Marc P.
name: Knight, Rachel
name: Patel, Shivam
name: So, Tierney
name: Dunning, Darren
name: Barnhofer, Thorsten
name: Smith, Patrick
name: Kuyken, Willem
name: Ford, Tamsin
name: Dalgleish, Tim
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review Article
/692/699/476/1414
/706/648
review-article

description: Abstract: Decentering is a ubiquitous therapeutic concept featuring in multiple schools of psychological intervention and science. It describes an ability to notice to day-to-day psychological stressors (negative thoughts, feelings, and memories) from an objective self-perspective and without perseverating on the themes they represent. Thus, decentering dampens the impact and distress associated with psychological stressors that can otherwise increase mental ill health in vulnerable individuals. Importantly, the strengthening of decentering-related abilities has been flagged as a core component of psychological interventions that treat and prevent anxiety and depression. We provide an in-depth review evidence of the salutary effects of decentering with a special focus on youth mental health. This is because adolescence is a critical window for the development of psychopathology but is often under-represented in this research line. A narrative synthesis is presented that integrates and summarizes findings on a range of decentering-related abilities. Section 1 reviews extant conceptualizations of decentering and data-driven approaches to characterize its characteristic. A novel definition is then offered to guide future empirical research. Section 2 overviews laboratory-based research into the development of decentering as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Section 3 examines the role decentering-related skills play in psychological interventions for anxiety and depression. Critically, we review evidence that treatment-related increases in decentering predict latter reductions in anxiety and depression severity. Each section highlights important areas for future research. The report concludes by addressing the vital questions of whether, how, why and when decentering alleviates youth anxiety and depression.
MOESM1 of pH-triggered endosomal escape of pore-forming Listeriolysin O toxin-coated gold nanoparticles
Creators: name: Plaza-GA, Ismael
name: Manzaneda-González, Vanesa
name: Kisovec, Matic
name: Almendro-Vedia, Víctor
name: Muñoz-Úbeda, Mónica
name: Anderluh, Gregor
name: Guerrero-Martínez, Andrés
name: Natale, Paolo
name: Montero, Iván López
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Experimental Section, Supplemental Figures S1 to S6 and Supplemental References.
Detection of Supernova Neutrinos by Neutrino-Proton Elastic Scattering
Creators: name: Beacom, John F.
name: Farr, Will M.
name: Vogel, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering, $ν+ p \to ν+ p$, can be used for the detection of supernova neutrinos in scintillator detectors. Though the proton recoil kinetic energy spectrum is soft, with $T_p \simeq 2 E_ν^2/M_p$, and the scintillation light output from slow, heavily ionizing protons is quenched, the yield above a realistic threshold is nearly as large as that from $\barν_e + p \to e^+ + n$. In addition, the measured proton spectrum is related to the incident neutrino spectrum, which solves a long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and temperature of $ν_μ$, $ν_τ$, $\barν_μ$, and $\barν_τ$. The ability to detect this signal would give detectors like KamLAND and Borexino a crucial and unique role in the quest to detect supernova neutrinos.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, revtex4
Anomalous amplitude mode dynamics below the expected charge-density-wave transition in 1$T$-VSe$_2$
Creators: name: Sayers, Charles J.
name: Marini, Giovanni
name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Hedayat, Hamoon
name: Feng, Xuanbo
name: van Heumen, Erik
name: Gadermaier, Christoph
name: Conte, Stefano Dal
name: Cerullo, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charge-density-wave (CDW) is characterized by a dynamical order parameter consisting of a time-dependent amplitude and phase, which manifest as optically-active collective modes of the CDW phase. Studying the behaviour of such collective modes in the time-domain, and their coupling with electronic and lattice order, provides important insight into the underlying mechanisms behind CDW formation. In this work, we report on femtosecond broadband transient reflectivity experiments on bulk 1$T$-VSe$_2$ using near-infrared excitation. At low temperature, we observe coherent oscillations associated with the CDW amplitude mode and phonons of the distorted lattice. Across the expected transition temperature at 110 K, we confirm signatures of a rearrangement of the electronic structure evident in the quasiparticle dynamics. However, we find that the amplitude mode instead softens to zero frequency at 80 K, possibly indicating an additional phase transition at this temperature. In addition, we demonstrate photoinduced CDW melting, associated with a collapse of the electronic and lattice order, which occurs at moderate excitation densities, consistent with a dominant electron-phonon CDW mechanism.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, supporting information
Rhagovelia itatiaiana Drake 1953
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia itatiaiana

description: Rhagovelia itatiaiana Drake, 1953
Geographical distribution: Brazil.
Distribution in Brazil: Southeast Region (RJ) (Drake 1953; Polhemus 1997; Moreira & Ribeiro 2009; University of California 2010).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
A global resource for genomic predictions of antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of Salmonella Typhi at pathogenwatch
Creators: name: Argimón, Silvia
name: Yeats, Corin A.
name: Goater, Richard J.
name: Abudahab, Khalil
name: Taylor, Benjamin
name: Underwood, Anthony
name: Sánchez-Busó, Leonor
name: Wong, Vanessa K.
name: Dyson, Zoe A.
name: Nair, Satheesh
name: Park, Se Eun
name: Marks, Florian
name: Page, Andrew J.
name: Keane, Jacqueline A.
name: Baker, Stephen
name: Holt, Kathryn E.
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Aanensen, David M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/114/2398
/631/114/2785
/631/326/1762
/692/700/478/174
/45
/45/23
article

description: Abstract: As whole-genome sequencing capacity becomes increasingly decentralized, there is a growing opportunity for collaboration and the sharing of surveillance data within and between countries to inform typhoid control policies. This vision requires free, community-driven tools that facilitate access to genomic data for public health on a global scale. Here we present the Pathogenwatch scheme for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a web application enabling the rapid identification of genomic markers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and contextualization with public genomic data. We show that the clustering of S. Typhi genomes in Pathogenwatch is comparable to established bioinformatics methods, and that genomic predictions of AMR are highly concordant with phenotypic susceptibility data. We demonstrate the public health utility of Pathogenwatch with examples selected from >4,300 public genomes available in the application. Pathogenwatch provides an intuitive entry point to monitor of the emergence and spread of S. Typhi high risk clones.
Large Electric Dipole Moments of Heavy Neutrinos
Creators: name: Sher, Marc
name: Nie, Shuquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many models of CP violation, the electric dipole moment (EDM) of a heavy charged or neutral lepton could be very large. We present an explicit model in which a heavy neutrino EDM can be as large as $10^{-16}$ e-cm, or even a factor of ten larger if fine-tuning is allowed, and use an effective field theory argument to show that this result is fairly robust. We then look at the production cross section for these neutrinos, and by rederiving the Bethe-Block formula, show that they could leave an ionization track. It is then noted that the first signature of heavy neutrinos with a large EDM would come from $e^+e^-\to \bar{N}Nγ$, leading to a very large rate for single photon plus missing energy events, and the rate and angular distribution are found. Finally, we look at some astrophysical consequences, including whether these neutrinos could constitute the UHE cosmic rays and whether their decays in the early universe could generate a net lepton asymmetry.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections among pregnant women and male partners in Dutch midwifery practices: prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes
Creators: name: Op de Coul, Eline L. M.
name: Peek, Demi
name: van Weert, Yolanda W. M.
name: Morré, Servaas A.
name: Rours, Ingrid
name: Hukkelhoven, Chantal
name: de Jonge, Ank
name: van Benthem, Birgit
name: Pereboom, Monique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of pregnant women at participating and non-participating midwifery practices in the Netherlands (Source: Perined). Table S2. Factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes (APO), nulliparous women.
An acoustic model of a Helmholtz resonator under a grazing turbulent boundary layer
Creators: name: Stein, Lewin
name: Sesterhenn, Joern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 76F65, 76F10, 76F40, 76G25

description: Acoustic models of resonant duct systems with turbulent flow depend on fitted constants based on expensive experimental test series. We introduce a new model of a resonant cavity, flush mounted in a duct or flat plate, under grazing turbulent flow. Based on previous work by Goody, Howe and Golliard, we present a more universal model where the constants are replaced by physically significant parameters. This enables the user to understand and to trace back how a modification of design parameters (geometry, fluid condition) will affect acoustic properties. The derivation of the model is supported by a detailed three-dimensional direct numerical simulation as well as an experimental test series. We show that the model is valid for low Mach number flows (M = 0.01-0.14) and for low frequencies (below higher transverse cavity modes). Hence, within this range, no expensive simulation or experiment is needed any longer to predict the sound spectrum. In principle, the model is applicable to arbitrary geometries: Just the provided definitions need to be applied to update the significant parameters. Utilizing the lumped-element method, the model consists of exchangeable elements and guarantees a flexible use. Even though the model is linear, resonance conditions between acoustic cavity modes and fluid dynamic unstable modes are correctly predicted.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
Rhagovelia janeira Drake 1953
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia janeira

description: Rhagovelia janeira Drake, 1953
Geographical distribution: Brazil and Argentina.
Distribution in Brazil: Southeast and South regions (MG, RJ, SC, RS) (Drake 1953; Bacon 1956; Nieser & Melo 1997).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Physics Potential of ESS$ν$SB in the presence of a Light Sterile Neutrino
Creators: name: Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar
name: Chatterjee, Sabya Sachi
name: Palazzo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ESS$ν$SB is a proposed neutrino super-beam project at the ESS facility. We study the performance of this setup in the presence of a light eV-scale sterile neutrino, considering 540 km baseline with 2 years (8 years) of $ν$ ($\barν$) run-plan. This baseline offers the possibility to work around the second oscillation maximum, providing high sensitivity towards CP-violation (CPV). We explore in detail its capability in resolving CPV generated by the standard CP phase $δ_{13}$, the new CP phase $δ_{14}$, and the octant of $θ_{23}$. We find that the sensitivity to CPV induced by $δ_{13}$ deteriorates noticeably when going from $3ν$ to 4$ν$ case. The two phases $δ_{13}$ and $δ_{14}$ can be reconstructed with a 1$σ$ uncertainty of $\sim15^0$ and $ \sim35^0$ respectively. Concerning the octant of $θ_{23}$, we find poor sensitivity in both $3ν$ and $4ν$ schemes. Our results show that a setup like ESS$ν$SB working around the second oscillation maximum with a baseline of 540 km, performs quite well to explore CPV in 3$ν$ scheme, but it is not optimal for studying CP properties in 3+1 scheme.
description: minor changes in text; added references; version accepted for publication in JHEP
Nucleosome plasticity is a critical element of chromatin liquid–liquid phase separation and multivalent nucleosome interactions
Creators: name: Farr, Stephen E.
name: Woods, Esmae J.
name: Joseph, Jerelle A.
name: Garaizar, Adiran
name: Collepardo-Guevara, Rosana
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/57/2266
/631/337/100/101
/631/337/100/1701
/631/535/1267
article

description: Abstract: Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism that helps explain the membraneless compartmentalization of the nucleus. Because chromatin compaction and LLPS are collective phenomena, linking their modulation to the physicochemical features of nucleosomes is challenging. Here, we develop an advanced multiscale chromatin model—integrating atomistic representations, a chemically-specific coarse-grained model, and a minimal model—to resolve individual nucleosomes within sub-Mb chromatin domains and phase-separated systems. To overcome the difficulty of sampling chromatin at high resolution, we devise a transferable enhanced-sampling Debye-length replica-exchange molecular dynamics approach. We find that nucleosome thermal fluctuations become significant at physiological salt concentrations and destabilize the 30-nm fiber. Our simulations show that nucleosome breathing favors stochastic folding of chromatin and promotes LLPS by simultaneously boosting the transient nature and heterogeneity of nucleosome–nucleosome contacts, and the effective nucleosome valency. Our work puts forward the intrinsic plasticity of nucleosomes as a key element in the liquid-like behavior of nucleosomes within chromatin, and the regulation of chromatin LLPS.
Quantum algorithms for Josephson networks
Creators: name: Siewert, Jens
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze possible implementations of quantum algorithms in a system of (macroscopic) Josephson charge qubits. System layout and parameters to realize the Deutsch algorithm with up to three qubits are provided. Special attention is paid to the necessity of entangled states in the various implementations. Further, we demonstrate explicitely that the gates to implement the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm can be realized by using a system of uncoupled qubits.
Lee-Yang formalism for phase transitions of interacting fermions using tensor networks
Creators: name: Vecsei, Pascal M.
name: Lado, Jose L.
name: Flindt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting the phase diagram of interacting quantum many-body systems is a challenging problem in condensed matter physics. Strong interactions and correlation effects may lead to exotic states of matter, such as quantum spin liquids and unconventional superconductors, that often compete with other symmetry broken states including ordered magnets and charge density waves. Here, we put forward a formalism for determining the phase diagram of fermionic systems that combines recent progress in the field of Lee-Yang theory of phase transitions with many-body tensor-network methods. Using this strategy, we map out the phase diagram of a fermionic chain, where charge density waves form owing to strong repulsion. Specifically, from the high cumulants of the order parameter, we extract the dominant zeros of the moment-generating function in chains of finite size. By extrapolating their positions to the thermodynamic limit, we determine the boundaries between competing phases. Our formalism provides a strategy for determining critical points in fermionic systems, and it is based on fluctuations of the order parameter, which are measurable quantities.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Rhagovelia jubata Bacon 1948
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia jubata

description: Rhagovelia jubata Bacon, 1948
Geographical distribution: Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
Distribution in Brazil: North Region (PA, RO) (Polhemus 1997).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Basal-plane growth of cadmium arsenide by molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: Kealhofer, David A.
name: Kim, Honggyu
name: Schumann, Timo
name: Goyal, Manik
name: Galletti, Luca
name: Stemmer, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (001)-oriented thin films of the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide can realize a quantum spin Hall insulator and other kinds of topological physics, all within the flexible architecture of epitaxial heterostructures. Here, we report a method for growing (001) cadmium arsenide films using molecular beam epitaxy. The introduction of a thin indium arsenide wetting layer improves surface morphology and structural characteristics, as measured by x-ray diffraction and reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The electron mobility of 50-nm-thick films is found to be 9300 cm2/Vs at 2 K, comparable to the highest-quality films grown in the conventional (112) orientation. This work demonstrates a simple experimental framework for exploring topological phases that are predicted to exist in proximity to the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal phase.
The effect of increased channel interaction on speech perception with cochlear implants
Creators: name: Goehring, Tobias
name: Archer-Boyd, Alan W.
name: Arenberg, Julie G.
name: Carlyon, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/378/2649
/631/378/1959
/631/378/3917
/692/308
/639/166/985
article

description: Abstract: Cochlear implants (CIs) are neuroprostheses that partially restore hearing for people with severe-to-profound hearing loss. While CIs can provide good speech perception in quiet listening situations for many, they fail to do so in environments with interfering sounds for most listeners. Previous research suggests that this is due to detrimental interaction effects between CI electrode channels, limiting their function to convey frequency-specific information, but evidence is still scarce. In this study, an experimental manipulation called spectral blurring was used to increase channel interaction in CI listeners using Advanced Bionics devices with HiFocus 1J and MS electrode arrays to directly investigate its causal effect on speech perception. Instead of using a single electrode per channel as in standard CI processing, spectral blurring used up to 6 electrodes per channel simultaneously to increase the overlap between adjacent frequency channels as would occur in cases with severe channel interaction. Results demonstrated that this manipulation significantly degraded CI speech perception in quiet by 15% and speech reception thresholds in babble noise by 5 dB when all channels were blurred by a factor of 6. Importantly, when channel interaction was increased just on a subset of electrodes, speech scores were mostly unaffected and were only significantly degraded when the 5 most apical channels were blurred. These apical channels convey information up to 1 kHz at the apical end of the electrode array and are typically located at angular insertion depths of about 250 up to 500°. These results confirm and extend earlier findings indicating that CI speech perception may not benefit from deactivating individual channels along the array and that efforts should instead be directed towards reducing channel interaction per se and in particular for the most-apical electrodes. Hereby, causal methods such as spectral blurring could be used in future research to control channel interaction effects within listeners for evaluating compensation strategies.
The 2-Leg Hubbard Ladder: Computational Studies of New Materials
Creators: name: Scalapino, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational studies of basic models of strongly-correlated electron systems can provide guidance in the search for new materials as well as insight into the physical mechanisms responsible for their properties. Here, we illustrate this by examining what numerical computations have shown us about the 2-leg Hubbard ladder.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Heat current across a capacitively coupled double quantum dot for high magnetic field
Creators: name: Aligia, A. A.
name: Daroca, D. Pérez
name: Arrachea, L.
name: Bas, P. Roura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the heat current through two capacitively coupled quantum dots coupled in series with two conducting leads at different temperatures $T_L$ and $T_R$ in the spinless case (valid for a high applied magnetic field). Our results are also valid for the heat current through a single quantum dot with strongly ferromagnetic leads pointing in opposite directions (so that the electrons with given spin at the dot can jump only to one lead) or through a quantum dot with two degenerate levels with destructive quantum interference and high magnetic field. Although the charge current is always zero, the heat current is finite when the interdot Coulomb repulsion $U$ is taken into account due to many-body effects. We study the thermal conductance as a function of temperature and the dependence of the thermal current with the couplings to the leads, $T_L-T_R$, energy levels of the dots and $U$, including conditions for which an orbital Kondo regime takes place. When the energy levels of the dots are different, the device has rectifying properties for the thermal current. We find that the ratio between the thermal current resulting from a thermal bias $T_L>T_R$ and the one from $T_L
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, more information on conductance and rectification properties added in the revised version
An Adaptive Two-Stage Dual Metamodeling Approach for Stochastic Simulation Experiments
Creators: name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Chen, Xi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: In this paper we propose an adaptive two-stage dual metamodeling approach for stochastic simulation experiments, aiming at exploiting the benefits of fitting the mean and variance function models simultaneously to improve the predictive performance of stochastic kriging (SK). To this end, we study the effects of replacing the sample variances with smoothed variance estimates on the predictive performance of SK, articulate the links between SK and least-squares support vector regression (LS-SVR), and provide some useful data-driven methods for identifying important design points. We argue that efficient data-driven experimental designs for stochastic simulation metamodeling can be “learned” through a “dense and shallow” initial design (i.e., relatively many design points with relatively little effort at each), and efficient budget allocation rules can be seamlessly incorporated into the proposed approach to intelligently spend the remaining simulation budget on the important design points identified. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the promise held by the proposed approach in providing highly accurate mean response surface approximations.
An immersed boundary method for fluid--structure--acoustics interactions involving large deformations and complex geometries
Creators: name: Wang, Li
name: Tian, Fang-Bao
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an immersed boundary (IB) method for fluid--structure--acoustics interactions involving large deformations and complex geometries. In this method, the fluid dynamics is solved by a finite difference method where the temporal, viscous and convective terms are respectively discretized by the third-order Runge-Kutta scheme, the fourth-order central difference scheme and a fifth-order W/TENO (Weighted/Targeted Essentially Non-oscillation) scheme. Without loss of generality, a nonlinear flexible plate is considered here, and is solved by a finite element method based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The no-slip boundary condition at the fluid--structure interface is achieved by using a diffusion-interface penalty IB method. With the above proposed method, the aeroacoustics field generated by the moving boundaries and the associated flows are inherently solved. In order to validate and verify the current method, several benchmark cases are conducted: acoustic waves scattered from a stationary cylinder in a quiescent flow, sound generation by a stationary and a rotating cylinder in a uniform flow, sound generation by an insect in hovering flight, deformation of a red blood cell induced by acoustic waves and acoustic waves scattered by a stationary sphere. The comparison of the sound scattered by a cylinder shows that the present IB--WENO scheme, a simple approach, has an excellent performance which is even better than the implicit IB--lattice Boltzmann method. For the sound scattered by a sphere, the IB--TENO scheme has a lower dissipation compared with the IB--WENO scheme. Applications of this technique to model fluid-structure-acoustics interactions of flapping foils mimicking an insect wing section during forward flight and flapping foil energy harvester are also presented, considering the effects of foil shape and flexibility.
Gravitational radiation from binary systems in Unimodular gravity
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Indranil
name: Jana, Soumya
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unimodular gravity (UG) is classically considered identical to General Relativity (GR). However, due to restricted diffeomorphism symmetry, the Bianchi identites do not lead to the conservation of energy-momentum tensor. Thus, the conservation of energy-momentum tensor needs to be separately assumed in order to reconcile with GR. Relaxing this assumption, one finds that the conservation violation can lead to differences with GR, which can be subsequently examined in astrophysical and cosmological scenarios. To this end, we examine the predictions of UG in the context of binary systems emitting gravitational radiation. Primarily, we show how the field equations involve a diffusion function which quantifies the measure of non-conservation. Due to this violation, the dispersion relation is modified. Incorporating these changes, we provide an expression for the energy loss by the binaries, which reduces to Peters-Mathews result in the GR limit. Using binary pulsar data, we constrain the theory parameter $ζ$ (which signifies non-conservation) by determining the rate of orbital decay. The strongest constrain on $ζ$ comes out to be $\vert ζ\vert \leq 5\times 10^{-4}$ which is better by an order of magnitude than an existing equivalent constraint coming from the tidal deformability of the neutron stars.
description: 18 pages, Matched with published version
MOESM1 of Utilizing a user-centered approach to develop and assess pharmacogenomic clinical decision support for thiopurine methyltransferase
Creators: name: Nguyen, Khoa
name: Himalaya Patel
name: Haggstrom, David
name: Zillich, Alan
name: Imperiale, Thomas
name: Russ, Alissa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: S1. Moderator script. S2. Task sheet for oncologist participants. S3. Example of a case for gastroenterologists. S4. Interview questions. S5. Screenshot of a mock-up electronic health record. S6. Definitions and comments from each group.
On the universal X-ray luminosity function of binary X-ray sources in galaxies
Creators: name: Postnov, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The empirically determined universal power-law shape of X-ray luminosity function of high mass X-ray binaries in galaxies is explained by fundamental mass-luminosity and mass-radius relations for massive stars.
description: 4 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures. Submitted to Astronomy Letters
Variable H$α$ Emission in the Nebular Spectra of the Low-Luminosity Type Ia SN2018cqj/ATLAS18qtd
Creators: name: Prieto, Jose L.
name: Chen, Ping
name: Dong, Subo
name: Bose, S.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Holoien, T. W. -S.
name: Kollmeier, J. A.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Shappee, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the Type Ia supernova SN2018cqj/ATLAS18qtd. The supernova exploded in an isolated region at $\sim 65$~kpc from the S0 galaxy IC~550 at $z=0.0165$ ($D\approx 74$~Mpc) and has a redshift consistent with a physical association to this galaxy. Multicolor photometry show that SN2018cqj/ATLAS18qtd is a low-luminosity ($M_{B_{max}}\approx -17.9$ mag), fast-declining Type Ia with color stretch $s_{BV} \approx 0.6$ and $B$-band decline rate $Δm_{15}(B) \approx 1.77$ mag. Two nebular-phase spectra obtained as part of the 100IAS survey at +193 and +307 days after peak show the clear detection of a narrow H$α$ line in emission that is resolved in the first spectrum with $\rm FWHM \approx 1200$ km s$^{-1}$ and $L_{Hα} \approx 3.8\times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The detection of a resolved H$α$ line with a declining luminosity is broadly consistent with recent models where hydrogen is stripped from the non-degenerate companion in a single-degenerate progenitor system. However, the amount of hydrogen consistent with the luminosities of the H$α$ line would be $\sim 10^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$, significantly less than theoretical model predictions in the classical single-degenerate progenitor systems. SN2018cqj/ATLAS18qtd is the second low-luminosity, fast-declining Type Ia SN after SN2018fhw/ASASSN-18tb that shows narrow H$α$ in emission in its nebular-phase spectra.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Biology Letters Supplemental Material from Shearwaters sometimes take long homing detours when denied natural outward journey information
Creators: name: Padget, Oliver
name: Gillies, Natasha
name: Syposz, Martyna
name: Lockley, Emma
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Table 1. The amount of time taken for birds to return to the nest. (1) indicates one bird that returned without its GPS.
Concurrent neuroimaging and neurostimulation reveals a causal role for dlPFC in coding of task-relevant information
Creators: name: Jackson, Jade B.
name: Feredoes, Eva
name: Rich, Anina N.
name: Lindner, Michael
name: Woolgar, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/378/2649/2150
/631/378/2649/1310
/59/36
article

description: Funder: Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading
description: Funder: ARC Discovery Project (DP170101840) ARC Discovery Project (DP12102835)
description: Abstract: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is proposed to drive brain-wide focus by biasing processing in favour of task-relevant information. A longstanding debate concerns whether this is achieved through enhancing processing of relevant information and/or by inhibiting irrelevant information. To address this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during fMRI, and tested for causal changes in information coding. Participants attended to one feature, whilst ignoring another feature, of a visual object. If dlPFC is necessary for facilitation, disruptive TMS should decrease coding of attended features. Conversely, if dlPFC is crucial for inhibition, TMS should increase coding of ignored features. Here, we show that TMS decreases coding of relevant information across frontoparietal cortex, and the impact is significantly stronger than any effect on irrelevant information, which is not statistically detectable. This provides causal evidence for a specific role of dlPFC in enhancing task-relevant representations and demonstrates the cognitive-neural insights possible with concurrent TMS-fMRI-MVPA.
On the size of sets avoiding a general structure
Creators: name: Wang, Runze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a finite abelian group $G$ and a subset $S\subseteq G$, we let $N_{G,\ S}$ be the smallest integer $N$ such that for any subset $A\subseteq G$ with $N$ elements, we have $g+S\subseteq A$ for some $g\in G$. Using the probabilistic method, we prove that
 \begin{align*}
 \frac{|H_G(S)|-1}{|H_G(S)|}|G|+\Biggl\lceil\biggl(\frac{|G|}{|H_G(S)|}\biggr)^{1-|H_G(S)|/|S|}\Biggr\rceil\le N_{G,\ S}\le \biggl\lfloor\frac{|S|-1}{|S|}|G|\biggr\rfloor+1,
 \end{align*}
 where $H_G(S)$ is the stabilizer of $S$.
You Can’t Drag Them Away: An Economic Analysis of the Wild Horse Burro Program
Creators: name: ELizondo, Vanessa
name: Fitzgerald, Timothy
name: Rucker, Randal R.
name: ELizondo, Vanessa
name: Fitzgerald, Timothy
name: Rucker, Randal R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: natural resources policy
subject: public lands
subject: wild horses and burros

description: Since 1971 wild horses and burros living on federal land have been legally protected, limiting removal from the range and stipulating restrictive conditions for transfer to private ownership. Periodic gathers prevent overpopulation, though we find both political and biological influences on the probability and size of gathers. Attempts to convey removed horses to private owners are often unsuccessful because of the relatively low quality of some animals and contractual restrictions. We consider alternative policy regimes promoting the transfer of additional animals; such reforms could have reduced program costs by as much as $452 million over the past twenty-five years.
Frequentist performances of Bayesian prediction intervals for random-effects meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hamaguchi, Yuta
name: Noma, Hisashi
name: Nagashima, Kengo
name: Yamada, Tomohide
name: Furukawa, Toshi A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The prediction interval has been increasingly used in meta-analyses as a useful measure for assessing the magnitude of treatment effect and between-studies heterogeneity. In calculations of the prediction interval, although the Higgins-Thompson-Spiegelhalter method is used most often in practice, it might not have adequate coverage probability for the true treatment effect of a future study under realistic situations. An effective alternative candidate is the Bayesian prediction interval, which has also been widely used in general prediction problems. However, these prediction intervals are constructed based on the Bayesian philosophy, and their frequentist validities are only justified by large-sample approximations even if non-informative priors are adopted. There has been no certain evidence that evaluated their frequentist performances under realistic situations of meta-analyses. In this study, we conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the frequentist coverage performances of Bayesian prediction intervals with 11 non-informative prior distributions under general meta-analysis settings. Through these simulation studies, we found that frequentist coverage performances strongly depended on what prior distributions were adopted. In addition, when the number of studies was smaller than 10, there were no prior distributions that retained accurate frequentist coverage properties. We also illustrated these methods via applications to eight real meta-analysis datasets. The resultant prediction intervals also differed according to the adopted prior distributions. Inaccurate prediction intervals may provide invalid evidence and misleading conclusions. Thus, if frequentist accuracy is required, Bayesian prediction intervals should be used cautiously in practice.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Jet fragmentation as a tool to explore double parton scattering using Z-boson + jets processes at the LHC
Creators: name: Kumar, R.
name: Bansal, M.
name: Bansal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Hadron Collider witnesses the highest ever production cross-section of double parton scattering processes. The production of a Z-boson along with two jets from double parton scattering provides a unique opportunity to explore the kinematics of double parton scattering processes and their dependence on the scale of the second interaction. The experimental measurement of this process is largely contaminated by Z + jets production from single parton scattering. In this paper, fragmentation properties of a jet are explored to check their sensitivity towards double parton scattering. The present study is performed using simulated Z + jets events, produced with \textsc{madgraph} and \textsc{powheg} Monte-Carlo event generators, hadronized and parton showered using \textsc{pythia}8. The effect of different hadronization model on the discrimination based on the fragmentation properties of a jet is also investigated by using events simulated with \textsc{herwig}++. It is observed that discrimination based on the fragmentation properties of a jet can significantly suppress the background from single parton scattering, which results into 40--50\% gain in the contribution of double parton scattering.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Modeling of the micro-focused Brillouin light scattering spectra
Creators: name: Wojewoda, Ondřej
name: Hrtoň, Martin
name: Urbánek, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although micro-focused Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has been used for more than twenty years, it lacks a complete theoretical description. This complicates the analysis of experimental data and significantly limits the information that can be obtained. To fill this knowledge gap, we have developed a semi-analytical model based on the mesoscopic continuous medium approach. The model consists of the following steps: calculation of the incident electric field and the dynamic susceptibility, calculation of the induced polarisation, and calculation of the emitted electric field and its propagation towards the detector. We demonstrate the model on the examples of the measurements of thermal and coherently excited spin waves. However, the used approach is general and can describe any micro-focused Brillouin light scattering experiment. The model can also bring new analytical approaches to mechanobiology experiments or to characterization of acoustic wave based devices.
Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank
Creators: name: Chaplin, Anna B.
name: Jones, Peter B.
name: Khandaker, Golam M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
UK biobank
Observational study
Depressive symptoms
Sexual abuse
Physical abuse

description: Abstract: Background: The association between sexual and physical abuse and subsequent depression is well-established, but the associations with specific depressive symptoms and sex differences remain relatively understudied. We investigated the associations of sexual and physical abuse with depressive symptoms in men and women in a large population cohort. Methods: Observational study based on 151,396 UK Biobank participants. Exposures included self-reported experiences of childhood physical abuse and sexual abuse. Mid-life outcomes included current depressive symptoms score, individual depressive symptoms, and lifetime depression. We used logistic regression to test associations of childhood sexual/physical abuse with depressive outcomes. Results: Recalled childhood sexual and physical abuse were both associated with current depressive symptoms score in adults. Results for individual symptoms-based analyses suggest that sexual and physical abuse are associated with all depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal behaviours. The associations between lifetime depression and sexual/physical abuse were not fully explained by current depressive symptoms score, indicating that these findings may not be fully attributable to recall bias. There was no indication of differential risk for specific depressive symptoms among men and women. Conclusions: Sexual and physical abuse are robust risk factors for depression/depressive symptoms regardless of sex. Higher risk of suicidal behaviours associated with childhood sexual/physical abuse are of particular concern. Longitudinal research into sex-specific associations for individual depressive symptoms is required.
Rhagovelia lucida Gould 1931
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia lucida

description: Rhagovelia lucida Gould, 1931
Geographical distribution: Brazil and Argentina.
Distribution in Brazil: Southeast and South regions (SP, RJ, PR, SC, RS) (Gould 1931; Bacon 1956; Polhemus 1997; Moreira & Ribeiro 2009).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851