Supplemental material from Cosmetic coloration of cross-fostered eggs affects paternal investment in the hoopoe (<i>Upupa epops</i>)
Creators: name: Díaz-Lora, Silvia
name: Pérez-Contreras, Tomás
name: Azcárate-García, Manuel
name: Peralta-Sánchez, Juan Manuel
name: Martínez-Bueno, Manuel
name: Soler, Juan José
name: Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Video sequence of footages showing consecutive feedings and departures from the nest of an incubating female recorded inside a nest- box during the 2008 breeding season. In two hours of recording, the female, after being feeding by the male, leaves the nest for 3´24´´ and, afterwards, receives three more feedings from the male. In all feedings, the female completely uncover the eggs to receive the prey placed on one side of the nest opening. Video link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T7oMdgk0fs7RdmmAWb-v1ivFLYj7C8gD/view?usp=sharing; Video sequence of footages showing consecutive feedings and departures from the nest of another incubating female recorded inside the nest-box during the 2008 breeding season. In four hours of recording, there were two feedings and, immediately after the second one, the female left the nest for 6´43´´. Later on, three events of departure from the nest each of them of more than five minutes were recorded. Finally, there were two new feedings, the second followed by the female leaving the nest for 1´30´´. Similarly to the first example (Suppl. Mat. S1), in all feedings the female completely uncovered the eggs to receive the prey and placed on one side of the nest opening. Video link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T90qpO-eTUHV72fz7EB_G1Il88gZlR7v/view; Video sequence of footages of three different nests recorded during the incubation period during 2016 breeding season to estimate feeding rates in this study. The three first cuts show series of “mock feedings” by two different males. Mock feedings are ritualized behaviours commonly performed during the courtship of hoopoes (see Study Species in Material and Methods), but they also happen in other breeding stages (own unpublished data). In such events, males repeatedly introduce a prey into female bill without delivering it for a variable time before feeding her. The last two cuts show a male inspecting the nest contents when female had gone out and the return of the female to the nest. In all cases, males had time and access to the see the eggs. Video link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T94nvil9X-Q3hPAg0GZFNuR_eiwlyKIU/view; Table S1. Summary of best subsets. Mallow's Cp and standardized regression coefficients for each submodel. Dependent variable: changes in male provisioning rate. The numbers after variable names refer to values of the original (1) or adopted (2) clutches.; Fig. S1. Relationship between achieved saturation (rA) and Theta values describing colouration of eggshells (already smeared with secretion) in our sample. The colour of each point represents that of each egg (i.e. determined by brightness, hue and saturation values), both before (circles) and after (squares) the cross-fostering experiment.