cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sideffective-system to mine patient reviews
Creators: name: Rajagopalan, Sangeetha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Sideffective is the system to crawl, rank and analyze patient testimonials about side effects from common medications. Since the wealth of any mining model is the Data corpus, the data collection phase involved extensive crawling of massive medical websites comprised of user forums from the internet. Subsequently, the raw files were subjected to certain site-specific parsing routines, yielding outputs conforming to a well-defined data model. Currently, the system holds close to 400,000 user testimonials pertaining to more than 2500 drugs/medicines. Sideffective aims at gathering and aggregating this wealth of information, build useful associations and present interesting observations and numeric validations, all in a user-friendly interface. The important issues that we have tried to tackle are: Extracting side effects without relying on pre-built lists, aggregating distribution of different side effect for a give drug, site-specific search, ranking and determining the negativity of reviews.    The main focus of this thesis undertaking is Extraction & Discovery of Side effect from a users review about a drug. Apache Lucene's Shingle Analyzer, which extracts terms and their frequency, was used to generate more than 7 million phrases out of which the top 25,000 terms, with frequencies more than 100 was chosen for discovering side effects. After eliminating the syntactically incorrect phrases, our method calculates the frequency of occurrence of each of the terms in a medical websites domain versus a purely non-medical user websites domain, which proves to be highly effective in extracting side effects. Using this technique, more than 600 unique side effects reported by users has been discovered without using any fixed lists. This list extracted is also used to mine and summarize patients reviews. The aggregation and distribution tables we built, effectively determine top reactions exhibited by various drugs and reverse mapping of the same, demonstrating the symptom to drug associations. Our system also eliminates synonymous side effects as well as cures falsely appearing as a possible side effect.
The relationship between perceived infectability and the health locus of control on pandemic related future discounting and the adoption of pathogen avoidance behaviors
Creators: name: Hönig, Madison Aileen Cavaleiro
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
Disease Risk
Future Discounting
Locus of Control
Epidemiology
Honduras

description: Utila, a Honduran Bay Island, has an economy reliant on tourism, which has been severely impacted by travel restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Resulting stressors may further impact how individuals respond to the pandemic by affecting perceptions of future prospects, and the value of investment into health behaviors. However, individuals differ in both perceived threat from infection and perceived ability to affect personal health, referred to as the health locus of control, which past studies have associated with differential uptake of health treatment and prevention. Here, we examine perceived infectability and health locus of control measures, and whether these relate to discounting of future outcomes and uptake of infection prevention behaviors such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Interviews were conducted with heads of household (age: 17-83, N=292) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (August-October of 2020). Results were analyzed by constructing a path analysis model. While perceived infectability positively predicted PPE usage, having an internal locus of control negatively predicted perceived infectability and was a strong negative predictor of PPE usage. This finding is opposite to our predictions and may suggest that those with an internal locus of control perceive that they can avoid illness without using PPE. Additionally, consistent with this, perceived infectability, belief in the role of chance in health, and higher internal locus of control all predicted more pandemic-related future discounting. Our results suggest that for residents of Utila, personal factors predict differential responses to pandemic-associated threats.
Thermal desorption studies of corn oil at frying temperatures
Creators: name: Qin, Xiaotian
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Thermal degradation occurs in all oils during frying, limiting useful fry life as well as quality and shelf life of fried foods. To elucidate the reactions involved, thermal degradation processes in corn oil heated to elevated temperatures were studied using thermal desorption techniques to detect released volatiles. Corn oil was loaded into glass Purge & Trap tubes containing a Celite support to increase oil surface area, and heated to 100, 120, 150, 180, and 235°C under nitrogen or air for up to 2 hours. Volatiles were flushed from the tubes and collected on Tenax-Carboxen thermal desorption traps at short intervals to limit the number of products present and provide a map of product changes over time, then desorbed into a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system. Under air at 100-120°C, oxidation was slow; major shifts in mechanism occurred between 120 and 150°C and again at 235°C, with exponential increase in both rates of degradation and numbers of different products at each temperature. Above 150°C, complex product mixtures containing primarily C-4 to C-12 alkanes and alkenes, with low levels of oxidation products formed within minutes under nitrogen. Major scission points were carbons adjacent to the last double bond, yielding pentane from linoleic acid and octane and 1-decene from oleic acid. Under air, aldehydes, and alcohols of the same chain length plus 2-pentyl furan and ketones were released in much higher quantities. Simple oxidation products formed early in heating; as heating time increased, product mixtures became quite complex and included many cyclization and rearrangement products.   Results support radicals from thermal scissions as major initiators of thermal degradation processes in oils. In air, these radicals form terminal peroxyl radicals and hydroperoxides which then decompose to oxidation products of the same chain length, dimerize, or initiate autoxidation chains by abstracting radicals at C13 of linoleic acid; decomposition of the C13-OOH releases pentane and hexanal. Thermal scissions are especially important for industrial frying conducted under limited oxygen while autoxidation is the dominant degradation affecting quality in food service operations, where oils are heated in air and may be used for many days.
Crop response to silicon supplements in New Jersey
Creators: name: Provance-Bowley, Mary C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Silicon has been shown to benefit plants by suppressing disease and insect herbivory, decreasing lodging of grasses, reducing the effects of abiotic stresses and assisting in plant growth and mineral nutrition.  However, response to silicon supplements varies by species, growth medium, product used, rate, and timing of application.  Silicon is essential for rice production in Japan and Brazil, and is routinely applied during sugarcane production in Florida.  The effects of silicon supplements on crops grown in temperate regions, such as New Jersey, have not been widely investigated.  The purpose of the research presented in this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of silicon’s effects on crops grown in temperate regions.  The specific objectives were to (i) compare the effects of calcium silicate with calcium carbonate on yields and powdery mildew disease expression of field-grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum); (ii) evaluate the effects of calcium silicate and dolomitic limestone soil amendments on white grub densities in a cool-season turfgrass stand; (iii) compare the response of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), seeded to 16 different New Jersey soils amended with either calcium silicate slag or dolomitic limestone, when subjected to powdery mildew disease pressure; (iv) evaluate the effects of foliar and soil drench potassium silicate on seedling flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida) subjected to powdery mildew disease pressure in a greenhouse environment.    Our results demonstrated that crops grown in New Jersey can benefit from silicon supplements.  These benefits included: reduced powdery mildew disease and increased yields of winter wheat; reduced white grub densities in cool-season turfgrass, similar to limestone during the first year of application; increased density and clipping yields of Kentucky bluegrass under powdery mildew disease pressure; and increased leaf number and reduced powdery mildew severity of flowering dogwood seedlings.  However, response varied by soil, soil pH, soil silicon levels, and application method.  Additionally, acetic acid-extractable soil silicon levels did not correlate well with Kentucky bluegrass silicon uptake.  In summary, crops grown in New Jersey may benefit from silicon supplements, but additional research is needed in order to predict crop responses to silicon supplements considering the varied growth environments in New Jersey.
Decentralized spectrum allocation schemes for cognitiveradio networking
Creators: name: Pinagapany, Srinivas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This thesis presents simulation and an experimental investigation of a decentralized  spectrum allocation algorithm for secondary user co-existence in a cognitive radio network. Conventional centralized approaches use a Base Station (BS) or a centralized  server with a global view of spectrum availability to carry out spectrum allocation.  To keep this global view updated in real-time requires significant amount of signaling  between the users and the BS, requiring additional spectrum. On the other hand, a  decentralized spectrum allocation has the advantage of low-overhead for control information signaling and is typically more appropriate for ad-hoc network deployments.  Various frameworks for decentralized resource allocation have already been proposed  (Game theoretic framework, markov decision theoretic framework etc.). However, a full  system implementation of any such technique has not been attempted.  Inspired by the TCP congestion control mechanism, an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) based decentralized spectral allocation algorithm is proposed. It leads to a network-level fairness and efficient spectral usage in a cognitive  radio network. A network consisting of only secondary users is considered for this problem and each secondary user uses a Non-Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM) transceiver system for data transmission. The GNU Radio-USRP2 cognitive radio platform is  used for implementation purposes. This thesis also presents an experimental evaluation  of an active interference suppression scheme used along with NC-OFDM to enhance  the spectral quality of the transmitted waveform and, thereby, improving the overall  spectral efficiency of the network. The RF transmission quality of the IA-PFT based  NC-OFDM transmission using GNU Radio-USRP2 has been verified with reference to  simulation results. Some system level throughput measurement results for Primary- Secondary Co-existence experiments are also discussed in the thesis. The functioning  of the decentralized spectrum allocation algorithm has been validated using MATLAB  simulations.
title: POO en Java
Creators: name: Cerón Garnica, Carmen
Publisher: name: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: LMAS-002 Programación II;Unidad 1 y 2
subject: POO
subject: Java
subject: Programación
subject: Polimorfismo

description: El recurso educativo abierto esta dirigido a los aprendizajes de la programación orientada a objetos en Java.
title: ASSOCIATIONS AMONG PROXIES FOR PATHOGEN STRESS AND CONSUMPTION OF PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS
title: A COUNTRY-LEVEL ANALYSIS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Martello, John Luke
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Behavioral immune system
Evolution of human drug use
Evolution of human spice use
Human self-medication
Plant secondary compounds
Plant toxicity
Pathology

description: Self-medication is the consumption of toxic plant secondary compounds in response to pathogen risk and infection. In animals, research initially focused on large-brained vertebrates that consumed novel plant toxins via associative learning. However, recent studies on insects have shown that self-medication can also be an 'innate' behavior mediated by still unclear immunity pathways. Among humans, self-medication is thought to be primarily a cultural or learned behavior, but an evolved behavioral response to self-medicate in response to pathogen risk and infection is conceivable. In this exploratory study, the consumption of toxic plant secondary compounds such as common drugs, stimulants, and spices was tested as a dependent variable in response to proxy measures of pathogen stress at the country level. Unique to studies on human self-medication were measures of spice, drug, and food consumption using actual quantities available domestically for human consumption at the country level. Additionally, a pathogen stress variable was created using a principal component analysis of disability-adjusted life years of various infectious diseases. Results from several linear mixed effects models for each medicative substance indicate that tobacco use, spice consumption, and alcohol consumption were positively associated with some proxies of pathogen stress, whereas coffee and tea were not. This study provides greater insight into the validity of different proxy measures for pathogen stress and a first attempt at analyzing the consumption of multiple toxic plant secondary compounds in response to pathogen stress among humans at the country level.
Investigating the Roles of Stromal AR in Prostate Cancer Progression
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: I propose the TRDRP Postdoctoral Award project entitled “Investigating the roles of stromal AR in prostate cancer progression” with the goal to become an independent prostate cancer researcher and to translate my scientific discoveries into clinical diagnosis and personalized therapy. University of California Santa Cruz and the Wang lab provide an ideal training environment to support me in attaining these goals. My research interest arises from the finding that a critical gene for prostate development and physiology, named androgen receptor (AR), functions differently in different cell types of the prostate. Whether AR in the stromal cells promotes or suppresses prostate cancer is currently under debate. The objective of this proposal is to (1) clarify the controversy by performing rigorous in vivo tests using mouse prostate cancer models; (2) explore how stromal AR regulates other genes in modulating prostate cancer progression. These objectives will be achieved by introducing defined AR gene mutations to mouse prostate stromal cells to analyze the pathological and molecular effects under various cancer-promoting conditions in vivo and by correlating key master regulator genes with human prostate cancer progression. This study addresses basic biological mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, but can be potentially very informative for distinguishing different prostate cancer symptoms in the clinics. In particular, the project may provide better prognostic biomarkers to tell more accurately which prostate cancer patients have aggressive lethal diseases and which have indolent ones. Such information is crucial for the rational design of subsequent treatment options. My proposed research should therefore facilitate personalized medicine in prostate cancer clinics.
Models for prospective studies of marijuana's cardiac effects
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: We are planning to submit a large NIH grant application that would range from lab-level experiments in rats to investigate cardiovacular physiology, human-level studies of people who use and are exposed to marijuana, and "big data" studies to follow cardiovascular function in large groups of people who use various forms of marijuana over several years. Such a large scale grant proposal will require considerable preliminary results. Marijuana use has been reported to increase the risk of heart attack and heart failure, although it is not clear whether this is a result of cannabinoids or the smoke itself; more research of a controlled prospective nature would be very informative. While we have experience in studying physiological effects of marijuana smoke and aerosol from marijuana loose leaf vaporizers (like the Volcano) in rat models, our studies have been mainly devoted to studying blood vessel function and we have not explored the effects of inhaled forms of marijuana on the heart, both from the cannabinoid components and non-specific smoke components. In this resubmitted Pilot proposal, we will determine whether we can model the impact of marijuana smoke or vaporizer aerosol exposure on a several physiological properties of the heart to determine which are appropriate to serve as the basis for the planned major grant; thus, the pilot grant project (if successful) will directly lead to major funding afterward as it is intended to do. In a series of pilot aims, we will determine if mainstream smoke, secondhand smoke, or leaf vapor from marijuana with and without cannabinoids influences left ventricular cardiac function, cardiac response to heart attack, and electrophysiology parameters.
Physogaleus Cappetta 1980
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Physogaleus

description: Genus Physogaleus Cappetta, 1980
Type species
Trigonodus secundus Winkler 1876, Lutetian, Belgium.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
The Lockatong and Wickecheoke Creeks Watershed-based Natural Resource Inventory Management Plan
Creators: name: Kologie, Craig
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2002

description: This report proposes a management plan for the Lockatong and Wickecheoke Creek watershed areas, which affect four municipalities located within the two watersheds: Delaware, Franklin, Kingwood, and Raritan. The plan includes an explanation of general principles of watershed planning, an inventory of the current conditions within the watersheds, and actions to be taken to maintain and improve the ecological health of these watershed areas.
Study on maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood metabolic outcomes
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Nationwide in 2012, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 15% and 18% among women aged 18-24 and 25-44, respectively. Tobacco smoke contains multiple toxic compounds and maternal smoking during pregnancy causes increased risks of acute and chronic health effects in mothers and in offspring. Using a metabolomics approach, Ms He’s dissertation project will examine the health effects of smoking on newborns and the utility of biomarker measures of smoking.

 Participants in this project were selected from California children born 1983 – 2011. The study uses dried blood spots, which are a few drops of blood collected from the baby’s heel shortly after birth, which were provided by the California Genetic Disease Screening Program (GDSP). Three studies will be conducted.

 The first study will be a validation study which will examine how well cotinine, nicotine, and other tobacco metabolites are identified by metabolomics across many years of blood spot storage. This will shed light on the reliability of using dried blood spots in doing metabolomics research. In addition, we will compare self-reported smoking, as recorded on the California birth certificate, to the smoking rate ascertained from the metabolomics results, to determine the accuracy of smoking on birth records.

 The second study will be broad, untargeted analysis of metabolomics outcomes comparing offspring of smoking mothers and non-smoking mothers. This will be done in 900 cancer-free controls in our cohort of California children, and will identify altered metabolic pathways in newborns related to maternal smoking.

 Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood eye cancer, and parental smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke have been found to be positively associated with an increased risk of RB, based on studies examining parents’ self-reported smoking. The third study will examine the interaction between smoking and other risk factors for retinoblastoma, such as exposure to dietary factors and pollution. Due to the unreliability of maternal self-reported smoking in research studies, it is important to accurately account for how smoking may impact the health effects of other exposures.

 This project will help to shed light on the early life impacts of tobacco smoke exposure and how it may interact with other environmental factors.
Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner 1973
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda

description: Superfamily PHRONIMOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973
Diagnosis
Antennae 1 inserted on anterior surface of head; flagellum of males long and filiform, composed of enlarged first article (callynophore), usually with dense brush of aesthestascs medially, and a series of shorter distal articles; flagellum of females one­articulate. Antennae 2 also inserted on anterior surface of head; reduced to few articles, rudimentary or absent in females; in males flagellum is long, multi­articulate, similar to A1 (rudimentary in male Phronima sedentaria). Pereopod 5 sometimes with large subchela. Developing eggs and young held in brood pouch underneath pereon, made up of oostegites on pereonites 2–5.
Seven families: Phronimidae, Phrosinidae, Hyperiidae, Dairellidae, Lestrigonidae fam. nov., Bougisidae fam. nov. and Iulopididae fam. nov.
Key to the families of the superfamily PHRONIMOIDEA
1. Pereopod 5 distinctly subchelate .................................................................................. 2
­ Pereopod 5 simple or, at most, prehensile..................................................................... 3
2. Uropods 1–3 with lanceolate exopods and endopods (although U3 sometimes reduced). Head subconical .................................................................. PHRONIMIDAE
­ Uropods 1–3 composed of simple foliaceous article. Head globular... PHROSINIDAE
3. Gnathopod 2 simple ............................................................................. DAIRELLIDAE
­ Gnathopod 2 distinctly chelate or subchelate................................................................ 4
4. Coxae fused with pereonites .......................................... LESTRIGONIDAE fam. nov.
­ Coxae free from pereonites ........................................................................................... 5
5. Pereonites 1–2 fused. Eyes small ........................................... BOUGISIDAE fam. nov.
­ Pereonites all separate. Eyes large, occupying most of head surface............................ 6
6. Pereonites 2–7 raised in tyre­like folds. Body and appendages finely hirsute. Antennae 2 of female 3­articulate or reduced to knob on cuticle. Mandible without palp in both sexes or present only in males .............................................. IULOPIDIDAE fam. nov.
­ Pereonites not raised. Body and appendages not especially hirsute. Antennae 2 of female 4­articulate. Mandible with palp in both sexes ........................... HYPERIIDAE
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 567 on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259734
E-Cigarette Aerosol Characterization Using Holography and Machine Learning
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) are a growing health concern. There are hundreds of E-liquids with different compositions, additives, and flavorings - conclusive investigation of E-Cigs is very difficult, time consuming and costly. To better analyze the health implications of E-cigs to users and the public, there needs to be a simple, cost-effective, accurate and rapid analysis tool to characterize the resulting aerosol from E-cigs in field-settings. This proposal aims to address this need, with the following aims:

 Aim 1: We will develop an enhanced beta-prototype of a field-portable aerosol analysis tools to characterize particles from E-cig emissions using computational imaging and deep learning. Using a cost-effective, wireless enabled device powered by holography and machine learning, we will quantify particle concentration, size distribution, and particle morphology in E-cig aerosol. This new particle imaging technology is fundamentally different compared to existing particle analyzers and will have a significantly larger dynamic range in terms of both particle size and density, as well as the ability to detect, classify and quantify volatile particles.

 Aim 2: We will validate and characterize primary E-cig emissions (ECE)s immediately after generation and second hand vapors post-inhalation from E-cig users to determine the change in particle composition, post-inhalation. Together with Aim 1, this study will reveal a complete picture regarding the contents of the inhaled particles and the second hand vapors resulting from different E-cig devices and E-liquids.

 Aim 3: We will determine the air quality in and around vape shops to identify potential risks to public health. Our results will provide evidence and new insights for policy makers, public health experts, as well as healthcare providers.

 In addition to creating an innovative cost-effective and field-portable device with automated quantification and classification for large longitudinal study, the results from this proposed work will, for the first time, provide a complete end-to-end understanding of the evolution of E-cig, and the potentially harmful implications from primary ECE generation to long-term persistence in public environments.
The landscape of androgen deprivation therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer
Creators: name: Shore, Neal D
name: Cookson, Michael S
name: Efstathiou, Eleni
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this podcast discussion, we review the landscape of androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Prior to 2020, available ADT options to achieve chemical castration included gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists (e.g., leuprolide) and antagonists (e.g., degarelix) administered via muscular or subcutaneous injection. In 2020, the once-daily oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, relugolix, received US regulatory approval for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer based on results from the Phase III HERO trial. In this podcast, we also discuss the primary efficacy and safety results of this trial, and key points for providers and patients to consider as they discuss the different ADT options. The goal of this podcast is to help doctors and patients learn about and discuss the different androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) options used to treat advanced prostate cancer. Advanced prostate cancer is a type of cancer that started in the prostate and has spread outside of the prostate. Prostate cancers generally need the male sex hormone, called testosterone, to grow. Treatment for advanced prostate cancer often includes lowering testosterone levels through medicines called ADTs. The authors discuss the HERO trial, which looked at relugolix (the only ADT taken orally [by mouth]) and compared it with another type of ADT called leuprolide, which is given by injection at a doctor's office. The authors discuss the effectiveness and side effects of these. A PDF version of this infographic is available as supplemental material.
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells as a Sensor in Tobacco Induced Lung Diseases
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: With the lung as a primary organ exposed to cigarette smoke, the impact of tobacco on respiratory health is profound. Much of the research has focused on cigarette smoke induced airway injury and inflammatory responses. Relatively little is known about the upstream sensors of tobacco smoke. In this study, we will investigate a fascinating group of cells in the lung called pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). They have been overlooked in the past as they are rare, and thereby dismissed as not likely being of consequence. Recently, we found that PNECs are absolutely essential for allergen-induced asthmatic responses, challenging the dogma and demonstrating a cardinal role of these cells as key airway sensors despite their rarity.
 PNECs express nicotine receptors, and can be activated by nicotine when grown in a cell culture dish. Furthermore, PNECs are the cancer cell of origin for small cell lung cancer, which is one of the deadliest among lung cancers, and almost all small cell lung cancer patients have a smoking history. These findings support the important hypothesis that PNECs are key sensors for cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor, and are responsible for relaying the detrimental effects on lung. We will use cutting-edge single-cell genomic and epigenomic technologies to systematically define, for the first time, the impact of cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor on PNECs. As PNEC products are secreted and therefore easy to target, knowledge of PNEC function would open new therapeutic options for diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and small cell lung cancer.
Field Sampling Procedures Manual
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1992

description: This manual represents the compilation of the Hazardous Waste Program's "Field Sampling Procedures Manual" (1988) and the Division of Water Resources' "Field Procedures Manual for Water Data Acquisition" (1987) into a single reference document. The manual is intended to furnish guidance for planning, implementation and documentation of field sampling activities. The methods and procedures described are intended for use by all New Jersey State and substate regulatory agencies that require chemical, physical and certain biological analysis of samples for remedial and monitoring purposes.
title: BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING HEAVY METAL RELEASE IN COEUR D ALENE LAKE, IDAHO
title: A SYSTEMS APPROACH
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Opp, Tyler S
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: coeur d'alene
system dynamics
water
Water resources management
Limnology

description: Human activities have created a set of increasingly stubborn problems for ecosystems around the world, prompting decades of work to protect vital ecosystem services. But, even management efforts with the best intentions are often unsuccessful. The Coeur d’Alene Basin is no exception. A century’s-worth of contaminated sediments currently sits at the bottom of one of the region’s most valued water bodies: Coeur d’Alene Lake. Despite years of scientific investigations and remediation projects, the success of these efforts is still contested. And, as the population dependent on the Coeur d’Alene Basin continues to grow—time is not on their side. This research seeks to use systems thinking and system dynamics modeling to understand the basin’s complex biogeochemical processes. An understanding of the system’s structure can illuminate the causes of its behavior and provides possible “leverage points” to guide future management efforts.
A “digital” mixed methods evaluation of university tobacco-free policies
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: College smoke-free policies protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and help reduce active smoking and tobacco uptake, particularly important among college-age populations. Though the number of California smoke- and tobacco-free campuses has rapidly expanded, key characteristics of these policies are variable. This includes potential differences in policy language, adoption, implementation, and enforcement. Hence, the purpose of this pilot study is to use a novel mixed methods approach leveraging campus engagement and advances in “big data” to conduct a cross-comparison evaluation of university tobacco-free policies in two public university institutions and systems, the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). In the first phase, focus groups will be conducted with current smokers at UCSD and CSUF to assess: (a) awareness and attitudes towards campus tobacco-free policies, (b) characteristics of campus smoking culture, (c) violation of campus tobacco-free policies and rationale for behavior, and (d) changes in smoking behavior as impacted by tobacco-free policies (including transitions of use between tobacco products). Focus group results will inform the surveillance component of the study used to conduct data mining on popular social media platforms, Twitter and Instagram, commonly used by college-aged smokers to self-report attitudes and behavior regarding smoke-free policies. We will collect and analyze prospective data of California geolocated user conversations using advanced machine learning approaches (including deep learning) to: (1) characterize attitudes and behaviors related to campus smoke-free policies; (2) potentially detect self-reported user violations of smoke-free policies; and (3) conduct geospatial sub-analyses of areas within or near California universities. Preliminary study results will be presented to university personnel responsible for administering tobacco-free policies to initiate discussion about new and/or refined policy and programmatic options for enhanced implementation of and compliance with campus smoking policies. The study will provide critical data regarding perceptions of and behavioral response to university smoke-free policies, enabling enhanced health behavior outreach/education and better policy implementation.
Social Media-based Treatment: Engaging Sexual and Gender Minority Smokers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This is a resubmission of an application previously scored in the excellent range. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are more likely to smoke than the general community and are at higher risks for smoking-associated health conditions. However, access to smoking treatment remains limited. Treatments that can be provided through computers, tablets, and mobile phones have the potential benefit of increasing access to behavioral treatments and reducing costs. Digital and social media use is particularly high among SGM groups. Our group developed a web-based intervention (iQuit) for SGM smokers which demonstrated promise. Like other digital interventions, we found low rates of treatment treatment participant and early drop-out. Given the wide reach and integration into SGM users’ lives, social media platforms, such as Facebook, may be particularly useful for smoking cessation. One innovative strategy to improve treatment participation and retention is gamification. In gamification, rewarding concepts, such as badges/trophies, points, challenges, and social engagements, are integrated into an intervention to promote participation and retention. Points can be exchanged for monetary benefits. We will explore gamification strategies where potential monetary benefits are donated to the SGM community organizations rather than the individual. We propose pilot work to a) to adapt the iQuit intervention to the Facebook platform, b) to determine the usability and acceptability of the new intervention among SGM smokers, c) determine if the intervention might be better than usual treatment and d) explore the effect of gamification strategies on treatment participation and quit rates. The study will occur in two phases. During the first phase, we will adapt our iQuit protocol to the Facebook platform and conduct testing with 16 SGM smokers to assess the usability and acceptability of the intervention. In the second phase, we will conduct a small pilot study to test the feasibility of the intervention, estimate how many smokers might benefit from the intervention, and explore the effect of gamification strategies on treatment engagement and outcome. 120 smokers will be randomly assigned to the SGM intervention with gamification, SGM intervention without gamification or a control condition. The treatment conditions will be compared on quit and participation rates.
Phronimidae Dana 1852
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Phronimidae

description: Family PHRONIMIDAE Dana, 1852
Diagnosis
Body length 10–40 mm, cuticle transparent. Head subconical, widest dorsally, narrowing and prolonged ventrally, about twice as deep as long. Eyes occupying most of head surface, divided into larger dorsal part and smaller ventrolateral part. Pereonites all separate (Phronima), or pereonites 1 & 2 partially fused (Phronimella). Coxae fused with pereonites. Antennae 1 reduced to two articles in females; in males composed of threearticulate peduncle, large callynophore with dense, two­field brush of aesthestascs medially followed by multi­articulate flagellum. Antennae 2 reduced to small tubercle in females; in males reduced to two small articles in P. sedentaria, multi­articulate in all other species. Mandibles without palp in both sexes; molar well developed. Maxillae 1 with palp and well­developed outer lobe; inner lobe absent. Maxillae 2 bilobed, welldeveloped. Maxilliped with slender outer lobes; inner lobe very reduced in Phronimella, about half­length (or longer) than outer lobes in Phronima. Gnathopods 1 & 2 weakly cheliform, or simple, with complex dactylus. Pereopods 3, 4, 6 & 7 simple; P3 & 4 usually the longest. Pereopod 5 ending in distinct, broad subchela (Phronima), or less perfect, slender subchela (Phronimella). Uropods slender with articulated endopods and exopods. Uropod 2 smaller than others, rudimentary in female Phronimella. Telson very small, rounded. Gills on pereonites 4–6. Oostegites on pereonites 2–5.
Two genera: Phronima and Phronimella.
Remarks
Shih (1969) has revised this family. Additions and modifications have been made by Laval (1968b, 1970) and Shih (1971a, 1971b, 1991), and additional taxonomic information for the Australian fauna is provided by Zeidler (1978, 1992a, 1998).
Key to the genera of the family PHRONIMIDAE
1. Pereonites 1 & 2 separate. Pereopod 5 with distinct broad subchela. Uropod 2 welldeveloped .......................................................................... Phronima Latreille, 1802
­ Pereonites 1 & 2 partially fused. Pereopod 5 with slender subchela. Uropod 2 rudimentary or absent ................................................................. Phronimella Claus, 1871
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 567 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259734
Phronima Latreille 1802
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Phronimidae
Phronima

description: Genus Phronima Latreille, 1802
Phronima Latreille, 1802: 38.
Bivonia Cocco, 1832: 208.
Type species
Cancer sedentarius Forsskål, 1775, by monotypy. The holotype is in the ZMUC (Forsskål collection).
Diagnosis
Body moderately slender. Pereonites all separate. Pereonites 1 & 2 much narrower, and appreciably deeper, than following ones. Maxilliped with well­developed inner lobe, length about half, or more, than that of outer lobes. Gnathopods 1 & 2 weakly cheliform. Pereopod 5 with carpus markedly widened distally, forming strong subchela with propodus; anterior margin of basis to carpus smooth. Uropod 2 present in both sexes; endopod sometimes reduced but never absent.
Ten species.
Remarks
Species of Phronima, especially immature specimens, can be difficult to identify. Shih (1969) provides basic keys, illustrations and biological information, and Shih (1991) provides the latest key to species. Zeidler (1992a, 1998) provides additional taxonomic information.
The phronimids are unusual amongst the Hyperiidea in that they are often found in transparent barrel­shaped “houses” that they have fashioned from tunicates (salps, doliolids and pyrosomes) and sometimes from siphonophores, or even heteropods (Firoloida). Laval (1968b, 1978, 1980) provides more information on Phronima and its association with gelatinous ‘barrels’.
Additional biological information on Phronima is provided by Minkiewicz (1909a, b), Laval (1968b, 1980), Shih (1969), Repelin (1970, 1972), Laval and Lecher (1995), Land (1981, 1989, 1992), Vinogradov et al. (1982), Diebel (1988), Davenport (1994), Land et al. (1995) and Zelickman and Por (1996).
In view of all the above information that is available in the literature, only minimal additional information is provided here. The synonymy follows that justified by Shih (1969, 1991) and is not discussed further here.
Species of Phronima live in surface waters, and are relatively common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world’s oceans, and rarely cross the Subtropical Convergence. Phronima sedentaria is an exception, having a circum­global distribution between 60°N and 60°S, sometimes occurring just south of 60°S (Shih 1971a)
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 567 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259734
Combined intranasal oxytocin and mindfulness training as a novel treatment for smoking cessation
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: High trait hostility (a symptomatic feature of several psychiatric and personality disorders that are all associated with smoking) is itself associated with a higher incidence of smoking and greater rates of relapse. Thus, it is critical to develop treatments that can be specifically tailored to smokers with high trait hostility. In this lab study, we propose to develop a novel, treatment strategy that merges a pharmacological (intranasal oxytocin [inOT]) with a behavioral treatment (the attention- and emotion-regulation discipline of mindfulness training [MT]), to support a reduction in stress-induced anxiety, craving, and smoking lapse among smokers with high trait hostility in withdrawal.

 Oxytocin is a naturally occurring hormone involved in brain drug reward. Recent studies (including our ongoing high impact pilot study: TRDRP 25IP-0021) indicate that acute inOT administration is an anxiolytic and reduces tobacco craving and smoking lapse during abstinence, especially among those with high hostility. MT is an empirically tested psychotherapeutic program that, similar to inOT, may be efficacious in reducing tobacco craving and anxiety during smoking abstinence. Thus, MT and inOT exposures share common anxiolytic effects that might function in concert to reduce tobacco craving via similar mechanisms of action.

 In this experimental laboratory study, we propose to test the combined effects of MT (or a control: cMT) and inOT in N=200 smokers during acute abstinence. Smokers will be randomly assigned to one of four exposures: MT+inOT, MT+placebo, cMT+inOT, or cMT+placebo. This will allow us to examine the impact of each treatment alone and in combination on craving and anxiety as well as cortisol levels and heart rate variability following a stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). We hypothesize that: 1) MT and inOT alone will reduce stress-induced craving, anxiety, and cortisol levels compared to controls; and 2) MT in combination with inOT will amplify the effects of either treatment alone.

 Positive findings will provide evidence for the development of a new accessible treatment for smoking cessation that may be particularly helpful for individuals with high trait hostility, who may be unlikely to do well in other effective socially-focused behavioral treatment program (e.g., group cessation programs).
Evaluating Highly Selective Nicotinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: An established smoking cessation therapeutic strategy is to develop molecules that can interact with nicotinic receptors in the brain, thereby blocking the actions of nicotine, preventing nicotine addiction and promoting quitting. However, different types of nicotinic receptors are present in different regions of the brain and also in other organs, making it difficult to develop molecules that are effective in the correct parts of the brain, while not causing unwanted effects elsewhere. Current cessation products have met with limited success, including low long-term abstinence success rates and sometimes severe side effects. Using unique molecular and computational tools to study the precise binding of nicotine and other molecules (potential cessation products) with the various types of nicotinic receptors, this work will lead to the development of a new generation of more potent, more selective compounds that target the desired nicotinic receptors. This in turn will lead to safer, more effective smoking cessation strategies.