Comparative analysis of clinical and behavioral factors in diabetic and non-diabetic inflammatory disease population
Creators: name: Gadhia, Hetu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Inflammation is characterized as the response of vascularized tissues to injury or infection. Inflammation usually occurs as a protective response to an injury or destruction of tissue, which intends to destroy the injured tissue. Arthritis and ulcerative colitis are two of the highly prevalent inflammatory diseases amongst US population. In addition, type-2 diabetes is one of the highly prevalent comorbidities in current US population, however very few studies have investigated the relationship between the highly prevalent inflammatory disease and the type-2 diabetes. In the current study, we aim to identify the factors that influence the prevalence of these inflammatory diseases in type-2 diabetic population. These factors that affect the prevalence of inflammatory disease patients with diabetes are characterized in two categories, clinical factors and behavioral factors. Clinical factors are defined as biological factors that cannot be easily modified and can be quantified clinically or for which a clinical diagnosis exist. Clinical factors that are analyzed in this study are BMI and the effects of sleep on the prevalence of the inflammatory diseases amongst diabetic patients. On the other hand, behavioral factors are characterized by factors that are controlled externally and can be modified and rectified very quickly. Behavioral factors investigated in this study are smoking status, alcohol consumption status and presence of physical activity. The goal of this study is to assess the risk associated with the prevalence of these behavioral and clinical factors in association with prevalence of the two inflammatory diseases in diabetic populations. The odds ratio between the prevalence of these factors and the prevalence of arthritis, ulcerative colitis or both combined amongst diabetic patients are analyzed using logistic regression. Significant observations indicated that clinical factors play a more effective role amongst patients with arthritis who have diabetes compared to arthritis patients without diabetes. The odds of arthritis in diabetic patients increases by 2.39 folds amongst patients who are obese compared to the arthritis patients who are obese but do not have diabetes. In addition, arthritis patients with diabetes show significantly higher mean BMI of 31.04 kg/m2 compared to arthritis patient without diabetes with a mean BMI of 27.68 kg/m2.  On the contrary, exercise decreases odds of arthritis by 1.587 folds in non-diabetic population compared to diabetic population. Amongst patients with ulcerative colitis and diabetes, increased BMI results in higher odds of prevalence of ulcerative colitis by 2.697 folds compared to patients without diabetes. Additionally, ulcerative colitis patients with diabetes have significantly higher BMI compared to patients without diabetes.  We also investigated the effects and prevalence of these inflammatory diseases on healthcare cost and treatment cost.              The study indicated diabetes as one of the major risk factors for arthritis and/or ulcerative colitis. We also identified significantly increased prevalence of negative factors such as obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption in the inflammatory disease group compared to the healthy group. On the contrary, positive factors such as regular exercise was more prevalent in patient group without diabetes compared to patient group with diabetes. Additionally, research with a much-balanced sample is needed to further understand the factors that may influence the prevalence of the two diseases.