Additional file 1 of Migration diffusivity as a controlling factor in the duration of earthquake swarms
Creators: name: Amezawa, Yuta
name: Maeda, Takuto
name: Kosuga, Masahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Frequency distribution (top) and distance versus time plot for two periods (bottom). (a) and (b) are for two distinct sequences from Yonezawa–Kitakata A and B. The whole period in the top figures is 1400 days from 11 March 2011 to 31 December 2019. Solid and dashed curves in the bottom figures show the theoretical diffusion curve with $$D\pm 2\sigma$$ D ± 2 σ . Values of the diffusivity (D) are shown at the left top of each figure. Orange circles indicate the data used for the model fitting. We indicate no D value for Yonezawa–Kitakata A-2 because of no apparent migration. Figure S2. Distance versus time plot for all areas shown in Fig. 1. The spatiotemporal origin to measure the distance and time is the hypocenter and the origin time of the first event in each area. Orange circles denote the data used for the model fitting. Solid and dashed lines show the theoretical diffusion curve and its $$2\sigma$$ 2 σ variation. Values of the diffusivity (D) are shown at the left top of each figure. Figure S3. Spatial distribution (plan view and E–W cross-section) of RMS misfit to the diffusion model with spatial origin assigned to the 3D grids in each panel. Panels (a) to (i) show the result for all the areas shown in Fig. 1: Moriyoshi, Kakunodate, Gassan, Sendai, Yonezawa–Kitakata A-1, B-1, B-2, C, and D, respectively. The color indicates the normalized RMS by the minimum RMS. The inverted triangle and open circle represent the location of the grid with minimum RMS and the hypocenter of the first event, respectively. The horizontal bars indicate the position of the cross-section and plan view. Black circles denote the hypocenters of earthquakes (M ≥ 1.0) that occurred from 11 March 2011 to 31 December 2019. Figure S4. Scatter plot between the diffusivity and swarm duration to assess their uncertainty for the areas shown in Fig. 4a. The color of diamonds represents $$N$$ N value for EVT- $$N$$ N [days] as the duration of each swarm, which are common for all panels. Horizontal bars attached to the diamonds in the panel (a), (b), and (c) indicate the range of diffusivity with allowed normalized RMS by the minimum RMS of 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, respectively. Two lines proportional to $${D}^{-0.5}$$ D - 0.5 and $${D}^{-1.0}$$ D - 1.0 are shown for reference. Figure S5. Hypocenter distribution plotted by the JUICE catalog (Yano et al., 2017). Colored circles denote epicenters of earthquakes (M ≥ 1.0) that occurred from 11 March 2011 to 31 December 2012. The color and size of each circle represent depth and magnitude, respectively. Blue stars represent the first event in each area. Figure S6. Same as Figure S2 but using the JUICE catalog and the spatial origin determined by a grid search. Gray crosses denote distance and time calculated from the spatial origin and the origin time of the first event. Orange circles denote the data used for the fitting to the diffusion model. Solid and dashed lines show the theoretical diffusion curve and its $$2\sigma$$ 2 σ variation. Values of diffusivity (D) are shown at the left top of each figure. Figure S7. Diffusivity (D) versus duration (EVT90) plot estimated from the JUICE catalog. Horizontal bars indicate the $$2\sigma$$ 2 σ range of diffusivity. Two lines proportional to $${D}^{-0.5}$$ D - 0.5 and $${D}^{-1.0}$$ D - 1.0 are shown for reference. Figure S8. Diffusivity (D) versus duration (EVT90) plot estimated from the JMA (top) and JUICE (bottom) catalogs with the cut-off magnitude of 1.5. Horizontal bars indicate the $$2\sigma$$ 2 σ range of diffusivity. Two lines proportional to $${D}^{-0.5}$$ D - 0.5 and $${D}^{-1.0}$$ D - 1.0 are shown for reference. Figure S9. Diffusivity (D) versus duration (EVT90) plot from previous studies grouped according to the tectonic environment: (a) volcanic, (b) non-volcanic, (c) subduction zone, and (d) non-subduction zone. Two lines proportional to $${D}^{-0.5}$$ D - 0.5 and $${D}^{-1.0}$$ D - 1.0 are shown for reference. Table S1. The duration (EVT90) and diffusivity (D) with its range ( $$D-2\sigma$$ D - 2 σ and $$D+2\sigma )$$ D + 2 σ ) for the areas shown in Fig. 2. These values were estimated for earthquakes with M ≥ 1.0 in the JMA catalog. Table S2. Same as Table S1, but for earthquakes in the JUICE catalog. Table S3. Same as Table S1, but for earthquakes with M ≥ 1.5 in the JMA catalog. Table S4. Same as Table S2, but for earthquakes with M ≥ 1.5 in the JUICE catalog. Table S5. The durations and diffusivity (D) from previous studies. For the same areas we investigated, we employed our estimates of duration (colored by blue) using earthquakes with M ≥ 1.0 in the JMA catalog.