cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factorizing the factorization - a spectral-element solver for elliptic equations with linear operation count
Creators: name: Huismann, Immo
name: Stiller, Jörg
name: Fröhlich, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: High-order methods gain more and more attention in computational fluid dynamics. However, the potential advantage of these methods depends critically on the availability of efficient elliptic solvers. With spectral-element methods, static condensation is a common approach to reduce the number of degree of freedoms and to improve the condition of the algebraic equations. The resulting system is block-structured and the face-based operator well suited for matrix-matrix multiplications. However, a straight-forward implementation scales super-linearly with the number of unknowns and, therefore, prohibits the application to high polynomial degrees. This paper proposes a novel factorization technique, which yields a linear operation count of just 13N multiplications, where N is the total number of unknowns. In comparison to previous work it saves a factor larger than 3 and clearly outpaces unfactored variants for all polynomial degrees. Using the new technique as a building block for a preconditioned conjugate gradient method resulted in a runtime scaling linearly with N for polynomial degrees $2 \leq p \leq 32$ . Moreover the solver proved remarkably robust for aspect ratios up to 128.
A study of the elements copper through uranium in Sirius A: Contributions from STIS and ground-based spectra
Creators: name: Cowley, Charles R.
name: Ayres, Thomas R.
name: Castelli, Fiorella
name: Gulliver, Austin F.
name: Monier, Richard
name: Wahlgren, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine abundances or upper limits for all of the 55 stable elements from copper to uranium for the A1 Vm star Sirius. The purpose of the study is to assemble the most complete picture of elemental abundances with the hope of revealing the chemical history of the brightest star in the sky, apart from the Sun. We also explore the relationship of this hot metallic-line (Am) star to its cooler congeners, as well as the hotter, weakly- or non-magnetic mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars. Our primary observational material consists of {\em Hubble Space Telescope} ($HST$) spectra taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) in the ASTRAL project. We have also used archival material from the %\citep/{ayr10}. $COPERNICUS$ satellite, and from the $HST$ Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS), as well as ground-based spectra from Furenlid, Westin, Kurucz, Wahlgren, and their coworkers, ESO spectra from the UVESPOP project, and NARVAL spectra retrieved from PolarBase. Our analysis has been primarily by spectral synthesis, and in this work we have had the great advantage of extensive atomic data unavailable to earlier workers. We find most abundances as well as upper limits range from 10 to 100 times above solar values. We see no indication of the huge abundance excesses of 1000 or more that occur among many chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence. The picture of Sirius as a hot Am star is reinforced.
description: With 6 Figures and 4 Tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Efficient and accurate methods for solving the time-dependent spin-1 Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Symes, L. M.
name: McLachlan, R. I.
name: Blakie, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a numerical method for solving the spin-1 Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The basis of our work is a two-way splitting of the spin-1 evolution equation that leads to two exactly solvable flows. We use this to implement a second-order and a fourth-order symplectic integration method. These are the first fully symplectic methods for evolving spin-1 condensates. We develop two non-trivial numerical tests to compare our methods against two other approaches.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
MPEC 2023-Q27 : 2023 QM
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 QM

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Promising Interpretation of Diphoton Resonance at 750 GeV
Creators: name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Ding, Ran
name: Fan, Yizhou
name: Huang, Li
name: Li, Chuang
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Raza, Shabbar
name: Wang, Xiao-Chuan
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, an excess of events in diphoton channel with invariant mass of about 750 GeV has been reported by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. Considering it as a tantalizing hint for new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), we propose a simple extension of the SM with an additional doublet Higgs $H^{'}$ and a singlet $s$. We consider the neutral component $H^{\prime }_0$ of $H'$ as the 750 GeV resonance, and assume that $s$ is lighter than 2.6 GeV. In particular, $H^{\prime }_0$ can be produced at tree level via $q{\bar q}$ production, and decay into a pair of $s$ at tree level. And then $s$ can decay into a pair of collimated photons, which cannot be distinguished at the LHC. We show that the diphoton production cross section can be from 3 to 13 ${\rm fb}$, the decay width of $H^{\prime }_0$ can be from 30 to 60 GeV, and all the current experimental constraints including dijet constraint can be satisfied.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
XRF analysis of samples in solid form
Creators: name: Stolpe, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Solid samples can be analyzed with the application Wroxi. Inhonogeneous samples (e.g. samples with lumps) must be grided before sample preparation. The calibration includes the following oxides: SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, SrO, BaO, Fe2O3, Mn3O4, MgO, P2O5, SO3, V2O5, Cr2O3, ZrO2, NiO, CuO, ZnO, PbO, HfO2, TiO2
Counting statistics based on the analytic solutions of the differential-difference equation for birth-death processes
Creators: name: Park, Seong Jun
name: Choi, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Birth-death processes take place ubiquitously throughout the universe. In general, birth and death rates depend on the system size (corresponding to the number of products or customers undergoing the birth-death process) and thus vary every time birth or death occurs, which makes fluctuations in the rates inevitable. The differential-difference equation governing the time evolution of such a birth-death process is well established, but it resists solving for a non-asymptotic solution. In this work, we present the analytic solution of the differential-difference equation for birth-death processes without approximation. The time-dependent solution we obtain leads to an analytical expression for counting statistics of products (or customers). We further examine the relationship between the system size fluctuations and the birth and death rates, and find that statistical properties (variance subtracted by mean) of the system size are determined by the mean death rate as well as the covariance of the system size and the net growth rate (i.e., the birth rate minus the death rate). This work suggests a promising new direction for quantitative investigations into birth-death processes.
Entanglement phase transition due to reciprocity breaking without measurement or post-selection
Creators: name: Lee, Gideon
name: Jin, Tony
name: Wang, Yu-Xin
name: McDonald, Alexander
name: Clerk, Aashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite its fully unitary dynamics, the bosonic Kitaev chain (BKC) displays key hallmarks of non-Hermitian physics including non-reciprocal transport and the non-Hermitian skin effect. Here we demonstrate another remarkable phenomena: the existence of an entanglement phase transition (EPT) in a variant of the BKC that occurs as a function of a Hamiltonian parameter g, and which coincides with a transition from a reciprocal to a non-reciprocal phase. As g is reduced below a critical value, the post-quench entanglement entropy of a subsystem of size l goes from a volume-law phase where it scales as l to a super-volume law phase where it scales like lN with N the total system size. This EPT occurs for a system undergoing purely unitary evolution and does not involve measurements, post-selection, disorder or dissipation. We derive analytically the entanglement entropy out of and at the critical point for the $l=1$ and $l/N \ll 1$ case.
MPSoC FPGA-BASED RADAR WARNING RECEIVER AND DEINTERLEAVING PULSE ON PULSE ALGORITHMS
Creators: name: Juliano, Jordan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: hardware-acceleration
pulse-descriptor-word
PYNQ
Python
embedded
DSPI

description: Identification of radar pulse signals is a crucial component in a radar warning receiver (RWR). Radar emitters transmit short radio frequency (RF) bursts, known as pulse trains, at specific operating parameters. Radar pulse train information is often stored in a list, known as a pulse descriptor word (PDW), and can be used to identify specific radar emitters. An RWR's primary function is to identify unknown radar signals and produce a PDW used to classify and sort signals for further processing, display, and countermeasures. Extracting RF radar pulse information in a dense and noisy environment without prior knowledge of the signal is challenging in a high-risk real-time scenario. Furthermore, simultaneously received signals and overlapping pulses, known as pulse on pulse, can create complications in identification by creating interference between the signals, leading to loss, hidden, or false information. To solve the problem of separating multiple received radar pulse trains, known as deinterleaving, and to address pulse on pulse situations, a power envelope-based and a parallel fast Fourier transform-based algorithm was developed to be incorporated with an RWR system. This thesis presents a multi-processor system-on-chip field-programable gate array (MPSoC FPGA)- based hardware implementation of an RWR system including deinterleaving pulse on pulse algorithms and details the implementation environment, including hardware acceleration performance analysis and algorithm results.
Could compact stars in globular clusters constrain dark matter?
Creators: name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Raj, Nirmal
name: Reynoso-Cordova, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark matter content of globular clusters, highly compact gravity-bound stellar systems, is unknown. It is also generally unknow*able*, due to their mass-to-light ratios typically ranging between 1$-$3 in solar units, accommodating a dynamical mass of dark matter at best comparable to the stellar mass. That said, recent claims in the literature assume densities of dark matter around 1000 GeV/cm$^3$ to set constraints on its capture and annihilation in white dwarfs residing in the globular cluster M4, and to study a number of other effects of dark matter on compact stars. Motivated by these studies, we use measurements of stellar kinematics and luminosities in M4 to look for a dark matter component via a spherical Jeans analysis; we find no evidence for it, and set the first empirical limits on M4's dark matter distribution. Our density upper limits, a few $\times \ 10^4$ GeV/cm$^3$ at 1 parsec from the center of M4, do not negate the claims (nor confirm them), but do preclude the use of M4 for setting limits on non-annihilating dark matter kinetically heating white dwarfs, which require at least $10^5$ GeV/cm$^3$ densities. The non-robust nature of globular clusters as dynamical systems, combined with evidence showing that they may originate from molecular gas clouds in the absence of dark matter, make them unsuitable as laboratories to unveil dark matter's microscopic nature in current or planned observations.
description: 10 pages revtex4 + references, 3 figures, 1 table
Effective field theory investigations of the XYZ puzzle
Creators: name: Segovia, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions, predicts several types of bound states. Among them are mesons ($q\bar{q}$) and baryons ($qqq$), which have been the only states observed in experiments for years. However, in the last decade, many states that do not fit this picture have been observed at $B$-factories (BaBar, Belle and CLEO), at $τ$-charm facilities (CLEO-c, BESIII) and also at proton-proton colliders (CDF, D0, LHCb, ATLAS, CMS). There is growing evidence that at least some of the new charmonium- and bottomonium-like states, the so-called XYZ mesons, are new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules or different arrangements of tetraquarks, pentaquarks... Effective Field Theories (EFTs) have been constructed for heavy-quark-antiquark bound states, but a general study of the XYZ mesons within the same framework has not yet been done. The scope of this conference proceedings is to discuss the possibilities we have in developing novel EFTs that, characterizing the conventional quarkonium states, facilitate also the systematic and model-independent description of the new exotic matter, in particular, the hybrid mesons.
description: 5 pages; contribution to the proceedings of the FAIRNESS2016: Workshop for young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR. 14-19 February 2016. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Can deepfakes be used to study emotion perception? A comparison of dynamic face stimuli
Creators: name: Becker, Casey
name: Conduit, Russell
name: Chouinard, Philippe
name: Laycock, Robin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5204
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5202
subject: Biological psychology
classificationCode: 520406
subject: Sensory processes, perception and performance
classificationCode: 4602
subject: Artificial intelligence

description: Video recordings accurately capture facial expression movements; however, they are difficult for face perception researchers to standardise and manipulate. For this reason, dynamic morphs of photographs are often used, despite their lack of naturalistic facial motion. This study aimed to investigate how humans perceive emotions from faces using real videos and two different approaches to artificially generating dynamic expressions – dynamic morphs, and AI-synthesised deepfakes. Our participants perceived dynamic morphed expressions as less intense when compared with videos (all emotions) and deepfakes (fearful, happy, sad). Videos and deepfakes were perceived similarly. Additionally, they perceived morphed happiness and sadness, but not morphed anger or fear, as less genuine than other formats. Our findings support previous research indicating that social responses to morphed emotions are not representative of those to video recordings. The findings also suggest that deepfakes may offer a more suitable standardized stimulus type compared to morphs. Additionally, qualitative data were collected from participants and analysed using ChatGPT, a large language model. ChatGPT successfully identified themes in the data consistent with those identified by an independent human researcher. According to this analysis, our participants perceived dynamic morphs as less natural compared with videos and deepfakes. That participants perceived deepfakes and videos similarly suggests that deepfakes effectively replicate natural facial movements, making them a promising alternative for face perception research. The study contributes to the growing body of research exploring the usefulness of generative artificial intelligence for advancing the study of human perception.
Multiple Silicon Dangling-Bond Charge qubits for quantum computing: A Hilbert-Space Analysis of the Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Shaterzadeh-Yazdi, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon-based dangling-bond charge qubit is one of the auspicious models for universal fault-tolerant solid-state quantum computing. In universal quantum computing, it is crucial to evaluate and characterize the computational Hilbert space and reduce the complexity and size of the computational space. Here, we recognize this problem to understand the complexity and characteristics of the Hilbert space in our dangling-bond qubit model. The size of the desired Hilbert space can prominently be reduced by considering assumptions regarding the qubit loss. Moreover, the dimension of the desired subsets in the space shrinks by a factor of two due to the spin preservation property. Finally, the required classical memory for storage of the qubit information, Hamiltonian and Hilbert space is analysed when the number of qubits grows.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
On the limits of measuring the bulge and disk properties of local and high-redshift massive galaxies
Creators: name: Davari, Roozbeh
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Peng, Chien Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A considerable fraction of the massive quiescent galaxies at \emph{z} $\approx$ 2, which are known to be much more compact than galaxies of comparable mass today, appear to have a disk. How well can we measure the bulge and disk properties of these systems? We simulate two-component model galaxies in order to systematically quantify the effects of non-homology in structures and the methods employed. We employ empirical scaling relations to produce realistic-looking local galaxies with a uniform and wide range of bulge-to-total ratios ($B/T$), and then rescale them to mimic the signal-to-noise ratios and sizes of observed galaxies at \emph{z} $\approx$ 2. This provides the most complete set of simulations to date for which we can examine the robustness of two-component decomposition of compact disk galaxies at different $B/T$. We confirm that the size of these massive, compact galaxies can be measured robustly using a single Sérsic fit. We can measure $B/T$ accurately without imposing any constraints on the light profile shape of the bulge, but, due to the small angular sizes of bulges at high redshift, their detailed properties can only be recovered for galaxies with $B/T$ \gax\ 0.2. The disk component, by contrast, can be measured with little difficulty.
Modified Fermi's golden rule rate expressions
Creators: name: Jang, Seogjoo J.
name: Rhee, Young Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermi's golden rule (FGR) serves as the basis for many expressions of spectroscopic observables and quantum transition rates. The utility of FGR has been demonstrated through decades of experimental confirmation. However, there still remain important cases where the evaluation of a FGR rate is ambiguous or ill-defined. Examples are cases where the rate has divergent terms due to the sparsity in the density of final states or time dependent fluctuations of system Hamiltonians. Strictly speaking, assumptions of FGR are no longer valid for such cases. However, it is still possible to define modified FGR rate expressions that are useful as effective rates. The resulting modified FGR rate expressions resolve a long standing ambiguity often encountered in using FGR and offer more reliable ways to model general rate processes. Simple model calculations illustrate the utility and implications of new rate expressions.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary document for Sparse denoising and adaptive estimation enhances the resolution and contrast of fluorescence emission difference microscopy based on array detector - 6174577.pdf
Creators: name: Prigent, Sylvain
name: dutertre, stephanie
name: Bidaud-Meynard, Aurélien
name: Bertolin, Giulia
name: Michaux, Grégoire
name: Kervrann, Charles
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Figurs S1-S7
MPEC 2023-Q28 : 2023 QN
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 QN

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Is there also a planet-metallicity correlation for young stars with protoplanetary disks?
Creators: name: Guzmán Díaz, Jorge
name: Montesinos Comino, Benjamín
name: Mendigutía Gómez, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Poster contribution to the XV Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society (September 2022).
Carbon Phosphide Monolayer with Superior Carrier Mobility
Creators: name: Wang, Gaoxue
name: Pandey, Ravindra
name: Karna, Shashi P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional (2D) materials with a finite band gap and high carrier mobility are sought after materials from both fundamental and technological perspectives. In this paper, we present the results based on the particle swarm optimization method and density functional theory which predict three geometrically different phases of carbon phosphide (CP) monolayer consisted of sp2 hybridized C atoms and sp3 hybridized P atoms in hexagonal networks. Two of the phases, referred to as α-CP and \b{eta}-CP with puckered and buckled surfaces, respectively are semiconducting with highly anisotropic electronic and mechanical properties. More remarkably, they have lightest electrons and holes among the known 2D semiconductors, yielding superior carrier mobility. The γ-CP has a distorted hexagonal network and exhibits a semi-metallic behavior with Dirac cones. These theoretical findings suggest the binary CP monolayer to be yet unexplored 2D materials holding great promises for applications in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
Interferometric measurement of arbitrary propagating vector beams that are tightly focused
Creators: name: Quinto-Su, Pedro A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we demonstrate a simple setup to generate and measure arbitrary vector beams that are tightly focused. The vector beams are created with a spatial light modulator and focused with a microscope objective with an effective numerical aperture of 1.2. The transverse polarization components ($E_x$, $E_y$) of the tightly focused vector beams are measured with 3 step interferometry. The axial component $E_z$ is reconstructed using the transverse fields with Gauss law. We measure beams with the following polarization states: circular, radial, azimuthal, spiral, flower and spider web.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Similarities and Differences in the Fermiology of Kagome Metals AV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ (A=K, Rb, Cs) Revealed by Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations
Creators: name: Wang, Zheyu
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Wang, Lingfei
name: Poon, Tsz Fung
name: Tsang, Chun Wai
name: Wang, Wenyan
name: Xie, Jianyu
name: Zhou, Xuefeng
name: Zhao, Yusheng
name: Wang, Shanmin
name: Ai, Ming-zhong
name: Lai, Kwing To
name: Goh, Swee K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials with AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A=K, Rb, Cs) stoichiometry are recently discovered kagome superconductors with the electronic structure featuring a Dirac band, van Hove singularities and flat bands. These systems undergo anomalous charge-density-wave (CDW) transitions at $T_{\rm CDW}$~80-100 K, resulting in the reconstruction of the Fermi surface from the pristine phase. Although comprehensive investigations of the electronic structure via quantum oscillations (QOs) have been performed on the sister compounds CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ and RbV$_3$Sb$_5$, a detailed QO study of KV$_3$Sb$_5$ is so far absent. Here, we report the Shubnikov-de Haas QO study in KV$_3$Sb$_5$. We resolve a large number of new frequencies with the highest frequency of 2202 T (occupying ~54% of the Brillouin zone area in the $k_x$-$k_y$ plane). The Lifshitz-Kosevich analysis further gives relatively small cyclotron effective masses, and the angular dependence study reveals the two-dimensional nature of the frequencies with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we compare the QO spectra for all three AV$_3$Sb$_5$ compounds collected under the same conditions, enabling us to point out the similarities and differences across these systems. Our results fill in the gap of the QO study in KV$_3$Sb$_5$ and provide valuable data to understand the band structure of all three members of AV$_3$Sb$_5$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Oscillon formation during inflationary preheating with general relativity
Creators: name: Aurrekoetxea, Josu C.
name: Clough, Katy
name: Muia, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-perturbative evolution of inflationary fluctuations during preheating using fully non-linear general-relativistic field-theory simulations. We choose a single-field inflationary model that is consistent with observational constraints and start the simulations at the end of inflation with fluctuations both in the field and its conjugate momentum. Gravity enhances the growth of density perturbations, which then collapse and virialize, forming long-lived stable oscillon-like stars that reach compactnesses $\mathcal{C}\equiv GM/R \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}$. We find that $\mathcal{C}$ increases for larger field models, until it peaks due to the interplay between the overdensity growth and Hubble expansion rates. Whilst gravitational effects can play an important role in the formation of compact oscillons during preheating, the objects are unlikely to collapse into primordial black holes without an additional enhancement of the initial inflationary fluctuations.
description: 7 pages. 4 figures. Movie: https://youtu.be/vTl9agMfPB0. Matches version published in PRD
Investigation of the cause of the discrepancies between calculated running sums for nuclear matrix elements of two-neutrino double-$β$ decay
Creators: name: Terasaki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A qualitative difference in the running sum for the nuclear matrix element of the two-neutrino double-$β$ decay of $^{136}$Xe was found four years ago between quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) and shell model calculations. The former result has large increase and decrease with respect to the excitation energy of the intermediate state, and the latter one is an almost monotonically and mildly increasing function. My QRPA calculations independently of the above one do not have a remarkable decrease. This discrepancy is a serious problem affecting the reliability of calculations of the neutrinoless double-$β$ decay, and the cause was unknown. I perform several relevant test calculations and make an analytical consideration to find the cause, which is found to be in the strength of the attractive interactions. The possible major local decrease in the running sum is also explained analytically. The interactions of my QRPA calculation are appropriate in terms of the strength, thus the almost monotonic behavior is reasonable.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Classification of Lifshitz invariant in multiband superconductors: an application to Leggett modes in the linear response regime in Kagome lattice models
Creators: name: Nagashima, Raigo
name: Tian, Sida
name: Haenel, Rafael
name: Tsuji, Naoto
name: Manske, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiband superconductors are sources of rich physics arising from multiple order parameters, which show unique collective dynamics including Leggett mode as relative phase oscillations. Previously, it has been pointed out that the Leggett mode can be optically excited in the linear response regime, as demonstrated in a one-dimensional model for multiband superconductors[T. Kamatani, et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, 094520 (2022)]. Here we identify the linear coupling term in the Ginzburg-Landau free energy to be the so-called Lifshitz invariant, which takes a form of $\boldsymbol{d}\cdot\left(Ψ^{*}_{i}\nablaΨ_{j} - Ψ_{j}\nablaΨ^{*}_{i}\right)$, where $\boldsymbol{d}$ is a constant vector and $Ψ_{i}$ and $Ψ_{j}$ $(i\neq j)$ represent superconducting order parameters. We have classified all pairs of irreducible representations of order parameters in the crystallographic point groups that allow for the existence of the Lifshitz invariant. We emphasize that the Lifshitz invariant can appear even in systems with inversion symmetry. The results are applied to a model of $s$-wave superconductors on a Kagome lattice with various bond orders, for which in some cases we confirm that the Leggett mode appears as a resonance peak in a linear optical conductivity spectrum based on microscopic calculations. We discuss a possible experimental observation of the Leggett mode by a linear optical response in multiband superconductors.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Simulation of optical response functions in molecular junctions
Creators: name: Gao, Yi
name: Galperin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss theoretical approaches to nonlinear optical spectroscopy of molecular junctions. Optical response functions are derived in the form convenient for implementation of Green function techniques, and their expressions in terms of pseudoparticle nonequilibrium Green functions are proposed. The formulation allows to account for both intra-molecular interactions and hybridization of molecular states due to coupling to contacts. Two-dimensional optical spectroscopy in junctions is considered as an example.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Laser-assisted Oxidation of Multi-layer Tungsten Diselenide Nanosheets
Creators: name: Tan, Cheng
name: Liu, Yingnan
name: Chou, Harry
name: Kim, Joon-Seok
name: Wu, Di
name: Akinwande, Deji
name: Lai, keji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the structural and electrical characterization of tungsten oxides formed by illuminating multi-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanosheets with an intense laser beam in the ambient environment. A noninvasive microwave impedance microscope (MIM) was used to perform electrical imaging of the samples. The local conductivity ~100 S/m of the oxidized product, measured by the MIM and conventional transport experiments, is much higher than that of the pristine WSe2, suggesting the formation of sub-stoichiometric WO3-x polycrystals with n-type carriers. With further efforts to improve the conductivity of the oxides, the laser-assisted oxidation process may be useful for patterning conductive features on WSe2 or forming electrical contacts to various transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures To be published in Appl. Phys. Lett.,2016
Effect of high-flow nasal therapy on patient-centred outcomes in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: a statistical analysis plan for NOTACS, a multicentre adaptive randomised controlled trial.
Creators: name: Dawson, Sarah N
name: Chiu, Yi-Da
name: Klein, Andrew A
name: Earwaker, Melissa
name: Villar, Sofia S
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Update
Statistical analysis plan
Adaptive design
Sample size re-estimation

description: BACKGROUND: The NOTACS trial will assess the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT) on the outcomes of patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS/DESIGN: NOTACS is an adaptive, international, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, with a pre-planned interim sample size re-estimation (SSR). A minimum of 850 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either HFNT or SOT. The primary outcome is days alive and at home in the first 90 days after the planned surgery (DAH90), with a number of secondary analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses also planned. The interim SSR will take place after a minimum of 300 patients have been followed up for 90 days and will allow for the sample size to increase up to a maximum of 1152 patients. RESULTS: This manuscript provides detailed descriptions of the design of the NOTACS trial, and the analyses to be undertaken at the interim and final analyses. The main purpose of the interim analysis is to assess safety and to perform a sample size re-estimation. The main purpose of the final analysis is to examine the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HFNT compared to SOT on the outcomes of patients after cardiac surgery. DISCUSSION: This manuscript outlines the key features of the NOTACS statistical analysis plan and was submitted to the journal before the interim analysis in order to preserve scientific integrity under an adaptive design framework. The NOTACS SAP closely follows published guidelines for the content of SAPs in clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN14092678 . Registered on 13 May 2020.
Using Elliptical Galaxy Kinematics to Compare of the Strength of Gravity in Cosmological Regions of Differing Gravitational Potential -- A First Look
Creators: name: Pedersen, Eske M.
name: Stubbs, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various models of modified gravity invoke ``screening'' mechanisms that are sensitive to the value of the local gravitational potential. This could have observable consequences for galaxies. These consequences might be seen by comparing two proxies for galaxy mass -- their luminosity and their internal kinematics -- as a function of local galaxy density. Motivated by this prospect, we have compared the observed properties of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) inside and outside of voids in the cosmic large scale structure. We used archival measurements of line widths, luminosities, redshifts, colors, and positions of galaxies in conjunction with recent void catalogs to construct comparison LRG samples inside and outside of voids. We fitted these two samples to the well-established fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies to constrain any differences between the inferred value of the Newtonian gravitational constant G for the two samples. We obtained a null result, with an upper limit on any fractional difference in G within and outside of cosmological voids to be $α=δ$$ G/G \sim$ 40\%. This upper bound is dominated by the small-number statistics of our N $\sim $ 100 within-void LRG sample. With the caveat that environmental effects could influence various parameters such as star formation, we estimate that a 1\% statistical limit on $α$ could be attained with data from 10${^5}$ elliptical galaxies within voids. This is within the reach of future photometric and spectroscopic surveys, both of which are required to pursue this method.
Line identification of extreme ultraviolet spectra from aluminum ions in EAST Tokamak plasmas
Creators: name: Zhang, Fengling
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Zhang, Wenming
name: Cheng, Yunxin
name: Hu, Ailan
name: Ding, Xiaobin
name: Morita, Shigeru
name: Li, Zhengwei
name: Zhou, Zhen
name: Cao, Yiming
name: Ma, Jiuyang
name: Xu, Zhehao
name: Xu, Lang
name: Zhou, Chenxi
name: Jie, Yinxian
name: Mitnik, Darío
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra emitted from aluminum in the 5-340 A wavelength range were observed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) discharges. Several spectral lines from aluminum ions with different degrees of ionization were successfully observed with sufficient spectral intensities and resolutions using three fast-time-response EUV spectrometers. The line identification uses three independent state-of-art computational codes for the atomic structure calculations, which provide the wavelengths and radiative transition probabilities rate coefficients. These programs are HULLAC (Hebrew University - Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code), AUTOSTRUCTURE, and FAC (Flexible Atomic Code). Using three different codes allows us to resolve some ambiguities in identifying certain spectral lines and assess the validity of the theoretical predictions.
Field emission: applying the "magic emitter" validity test to a recent paper, and related research-literature integrity issues
Creators: name: Forbes, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work concerns studies of field electron emission (FE) from large area emitters. It discusses--and where possible corrects--several literature weaknesses related to the analysis of experimental current-voltage data and related emitter characterization, using a recent paper in Applied Surface Science to exemplify these weaknesses. One weakness, not detected in the published paper, is that current-density experiments and related theoretical predictions there differ by a large factor, in this case of order 10^(16). The work also shows that a recently introduced validity test--the "magic emitter" test--can be used, at the immediate-pre-submission or review stages, to help uncover scientific problems. More generally, in the literature of FE from large area emitters over the last 15 years or so, there appear to be many papers (perhaps hundreds of papers) with some or all of the weaknesses discussed. The scientific integrity of this research area, and of the related peer review processes, appear to be significantly broken, and attempts to correct the situation by the normal processes of science have had limited effect. There seems a growing case for independent wider investigation into research integrity issues of this general kind, and possibly for later action by Governments.
description: 15 pages, 0 figures. Submitted for publication. v2 has typos corrected and conclusions section slightly extended
Neuronal gating of tactile input and sleep in 10-month-old infants at typical and elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder.
Creators: name: De Laet, Anna
name: Piccardi, Elena Serena
name: Begum-Ali, Jannath
name: Charman, Tony
name: Johnson, Mark H
name: Jones, Emily JH
name: Bedford, Rachael
name: Gliga, Teodora
name: STAARS Team
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/631/477
/631/378/1385
/631/378/3917
article

description: Sleep problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) emerge early in development, yet the origin remains unclear. Here, we characterise developmental trajectories in sleep onset latency (SOL) and night awakenings in infants at elevated likelihood (EL) for ASD (who have an older sibling with ASD) and infants at typical likelihood (TL) for ASD. Further, we test whether the ability to gate tactile input, using an EEG tactile suppression index (TSI), associates with variation in SOL and night awakenings. Parent-reported night awakenings and SOL from 124 infants (97 at EL for ASD) at 5, 10 and 14 months were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Compared to TL infants, infants at EL had significantly more awakenings and longer SOL at 10 and 14 months. The TSI predicted SOL concurrently at 10 months, independent of ASD likelihood status, but not longitudinally at 14 months. The TSI did not predict night awakenings concurrently or longitudinally. These results imply that infants at EL for ASD wake up more frequently during the night and take longer to fall asleep from 10 months of age. At 10 months, sensory gating predicts SOL, but not night awakenings, suggesting sensory gating differentially affects neural mechanisms of sleep initiation and maintenance.
The bright end of the galaxy luminosity function at $z \simeq 7$ from the VISTA VIDEO survey
Creators: name: Varadaraj, R. G.
name: Bowler, R. A. A.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
name: Adams, N. J.
name: Häußler, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a search for $z\simeq7$ Lyman break galaxies over 8.2 square degrees of near-infrared imaging from the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) survey in the XMM-Newton - Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) and the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S) fields. Candidate galaxies were selected from a full photometric redshift analysis down to a $Y+J$ depth of 25.3 ($5σ$), utilizing deep auxiliary optical and Spitzer/IRAC data to remove brown dwarf and red interloper galaxy contaminants. Our final sample consists of 28 candidate galaxies at $6.5\le z \le7.5$ with $-23.5 \le M_{\mathrm{UV}} \le -21.6$. We derive stellar masses of $9.1 \le \mathrm{log}_{10}(M/M_{\odot}) \le 10.9$ for the sample, suggesting that these candidates represent some of the most massive galaxies known at this epoch. We measure the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF) at $z\simeq7$, confirming previous findings of a gradual decline in number density at the bright-end ($M_{\mathrm{UV}} < -22$) that is well described by a double-power law (DPL). We show that quasar contamination in this magnitude range is expected to be minimal, in contrast to conclusions from recent pure-parallel Hubble studies. Our results are up to a factor of ten lower than previous determinations from optical-only ground-based studies at $M_{\rm UV} \lesssim - 23$. We find that the inclusion of $YJHK_{s}$ photometry is vital for removing brown-dwarf contaminants, and $z \simeq 7$ samples based on red-optical data alone could be highly contaminated ($\gtrsim 50$ per cent). In comparison with other robust $z > 5$ samples, our results further support little evolution in the very bright-end of the rest-frame UV LF from $z = 5-10$, potentially signalling a lack of mass quenching and/or dust obscuration in the most massive galaxies in the first Gyr.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables (plus additional figures/tables in Appendix). Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Numerical Modeling of the Early Light Curves of Type IIP Supernovae
Creators: name: Morozova, Viktoriya
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Renzo, Mathieu
name: Ott, Christian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early rise of Type IIP supernovae (SN IIP) provides important information for constraining the properties of their progenitors. This can in turn be compared to pre-explosion imaging constraints and stellar models to develop a more complete picture of how massive stars evolve and end their lives. Using the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC), we model the first 40 days of SNe IIP to better understand what constraints can be derived from their early light curves. We use two sets of red supergiant progenitor models with zero-age main sequence masses in the range between 9 Msol and 20 Msol. We find that the early properties of the light curve depend most sensitively on the radius of the progenitor, and thus provide a relation between the g-band rise time and the radius at the time of explosion. This relation will be useful for deriving constraints on progenitors from future observations, especially in cases where detailed modeling of the entire rise is not practical. When comparing to observed rise times, the radii we find are a factor of a few larger than previous semi-analytic derivations and generally in better agreement with what is found with current stellar evolution calculations.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Galesus (Schizogalesus) turneri Nixon 1930
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Galesus
Galesus turneri

description: Galesus (Schizogalesus) turneri Nixon, 1930: 401, 402, 409.
Valid name
Coptera turneri (Nixon, 1930).
Summary of types
Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.670. Syntype ♂, BMNH number 9.670b. Syntypes 2 ♀♀, ♂.
Primary type data
Type; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ Oct. 1923; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1923-547; Galesus / turneri/ Nixon/ ♀ type 1930 (syntype ♀). Paratype; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ 18-31 Mar. 1924; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1924-191; Galesus / turneri/ Nixon/ ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Dec. 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-25; Galesus / turneri/ Nixon/ ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀). Type; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Dec. 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-25; Galesus / turneri/ Nixon/ ♂ type 1930 (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 18-30.xi.1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-2; Galesus / turneri/ Nixon/ ♂ paratype 1930 (syntype ♂).
Type locality
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Port St Johns; Western Cape Province, Mossel Bay.
Remarks
There are three females and two males agreeing with Nixon’s description and labelled by him as Galesus turneri. Of these, two are labelled as “type” and the rest as “ paratype ”; however, since neither a unique holotype or lectotype has yet been fixed, all of the type series is syntypic (Article 73.2). The two syntypes from Port St John are mounted on card points, the three syntypes from Mossel Bay are mounted on cards; all are entire except for the male labelled as a paratype, which has the metasoma mounted separately.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773