cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Congested Observational Learning
Creators: name: Eyster, Eric
name: Galeotti, Andrea
name: Kartik, Navin
name: Rabin, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We study observational learning in environments with congestion costs: as more of one's predecessors choose an action, the payoff from choosing that action decreases. Herds cannot occur if congestion on an action can get so large that an agent would prefer to take a different action no matter what his beliefs about the state. To the extent that "switching" away from the more popular action also reveals some private information, social learning is improved. The absence of herding does not guarantee complete asymptotic learning, however, as information cascades can occur through perpetual but uninformative switching between actions. Our main contribution is to provide conditions on the nature of congestion costs that guarantee complete learning and conditions that guarantee bounded learning. We find that asymptotic learning can be virtually complete even if each agent has only an infinitesimal effect on congestion costs. We further show that congestion costs have ambiguous effects on the proportion of agents who choose the superior action. We apply our results to markets where congestion costs arise through responsive pricing and to queuing problems where agents dislike waiting for service.
New Sum Rules from Low Energy Compton Scattering on Arbitrary Spin Target
Creators: name: Grigoryan, Hovhannes R.
name: Porrati, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive two sum rules by studying the low energy Compton scattering on a target of arbitrary (nonzero) spin j. In the first sum rule, we consider the possibility that the intermediate state in the scattering can have spin |j \pm 1| and the same mass as the target. The second sum rule applies if the theory at hand possesses intermediate narrow resonances with masses different from the mass of the scatterer. These sum rules are generalizations of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn-Weinberg sum rule. Along with the requirement of tree level unitarity, they relate different low energy couplings in the theory. Using these sum rules, we show that in certain cases the gyromagnetic ratio can differ from the "natural" value g=2, even at tree level, without spoiling perturbative unitarity. These sum rules can be used as constraints applicable to all supergravity and higher-spin theories that contain particles charged under some U(1) gauge field. In particular, applied to four dimensional N=8 supergravity in a spontaneously broken phase, these sum rules suggest that for the theory to have a good ultraviolet behavior, additional massive states need to be present, such as those coming from the embedding of the N=8 supergravity in type II superstring theory. We also discuss the possible implications of the sum rules for QCD in the large-N_c limit.
description: 18 pages, v2: discussion on black hole contribution is included, references added; v3: extended discussion in introduction, version to appear in JHEP
Supplementary Material from Colony size buffers interactions between neonicotinoid exposure and cold stress in bumblebees
Creators: name: Easton-Calabria, August C.
name: Thuma, Jessie
name: Cronin, Kayleigh
name: Melone, Gigi
name: Laskowski, Madalyn
name: Smith, Matthew A.Y.
name: Pasadyn, Cassandra L.
name: de Bivort, Benjamin L.
name: Crall, James D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 60801
subject: Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary text and supporting tables (including details of statistical models and model evaluation), and supplemental figures
Multivariate one-sided tests for multivariate normal and nonlinear mixed effects models with complete and incomplete data
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Multivariate one-sided hypotheses testing problems arise frequently in practice. Various tests haven been developed for multivariate normal data. However only limited literatures are available for multivariate one-sided testing problems in regression models. In particular, one-sided tests for nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) models, which are popular in many longitudinal studies, have not been studied yet, even in the cases of complete data. In practice, there are often missing values in multivariate data and longitudinal data. In this case, standard testing procedures based on complete data may not be applicable or may perform poorly if the observations that contain missing data are discarded. In this thesis, we propose testing methods for multivariate one-sided testing problems in multivariate normal distributions with missing data and for NLME models with complete and incomplete data. In the missing data case, testing methods are based on multiple imputations. Some theoretical results are presented. The proposed methods are evaluated using simulations. Real data examples are presented to illustrate the methods.
Spectroscopic Properties of Star-Forming Host Galaxies and Type Ia Supernova Hubble Residuals in a Nearly Unbiased Sample
Creators: name: D'Andrea, Chris B.
name: Gupta, Ravi R.
name: Sako, Masao
name: Morris, Matt
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Campbell, Heather
name: Olmstead, Matthew D.
name: Frieman, Joshua A.
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Kessler, Richard
name: Lampeitl, Hubert
name: Marriner, John
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Smith, Mathew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the correlation between supernova host galaxy properties and their residuals on the Hubble diagram. We use supernovae discovered during the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II - Supernova Survey, and focus on objects at a redshift of z < 0.15, where the selection effects of the survey are known to yield a complete Type Ia supernova sample. To minimize the bias in our analysis with respect to measured host-galaxy properties, spectra were obtained for nearly all hosts, spanning a range in magnitude of -23 < M_r < -17. In contrast to previous works that use photometric estimates of host mass as a proxy for global metallicity, we analyze host-galaxy spectra to obtain gas-phase metallicities and star-formation rates from host galaxies with active star formation. From a final sample of ~ 40 emission-line galaxies, we find that light-curve corrected Type Ia supernovae are ~ 0.1 magnitudes brighter in high-metallicity hosts than in low-metallicity hosts. We also find a significant (> 3σ) correlation between the Hubble residuals of Type Ia supernovae and the specific star-formation rate of the host galaxy. We comment on the importance of supernova/host-galaxy correlations as a source of systematic bias in future deep supernova surveys.
description: The Astrophysical Journal (in press)
Membrane Interactions of Cobalt and Nickel
Creators: name: Umbsaar, Jenelle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Lipid membranes
subject: Metal toxicity
subject: Fluorescence
subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry

description: The metals Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) are common industrial metals which are becoming increasingly prevalent in everyday life. Despite their ubiquity, disruption to homeostasis of trace metals can have severe consequences, as elevated levels of Co2+ and Ni2+ have been associated with various toxic effects. The mechanisms by which metals including Co2+ and Ni2+ exert these effects are not fully understood and may involve various biomolecules. The primary focus of this thesis is on the interactions of Co2+ and Ni2+ with lipid membranes, as disruption to membrane properties may have consequences for transport, signalling, and overall cellular integrity. This study has shown that Co2+ and Ni2+ rigidify membranes containing negatively-charged lipids in both simple and complex model membranes. Additionally, Co2+ and Ni2+ were found to affect respiration and neutral lipid content in the model organism S. cerevisiae, suggesting that both direct and indirect effects on membrane properties may occur.
Assessment of number concepts in kindergarten and grade one students
Creators: name: Drefs, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 182-213
description: In the present study, an assessment instrument was developed and examined to determine its applicability to the assessment of kindergarten and grade one students' understanding of number concepts. Based on an integration of two neo-Piagetian theories, Robbie Case's (1992, 1996) mental number line and Biggs and Collis' (1982a) structure of observed learning outcomes (SOLO) model, the Test of Early Number Concepts (TENC) was developed to provide an assessment of five proficiency levels in a child's acquisition of four aspects of number concepts (i.e., symbols, magnitude comparison, sequence, composition). Both the TENC and a standardized mathematics assessment (WIA T-II mathematics subtests) were administered to kindergarten and grade one students (n = 160; age range 4 years, 11 months to 8 years, 2 months). Descriptive and inferential analysis confirmed the performance pattern achieved on the TENC as consistent with theory-based expectations. Participants performed at each of the five proficiency levels, with grade one students demonstrating significantly higher scores than the kindergarten students. Construct validity of the TENC was obtained through correlational analysis that revealed a moderate to strong relationship between TENC tasks and the WIAT-II (r = .59 to .72). Moreover, multiple regressions identified several TENC tasks as significant predictors of the WIAT-II mathematical subtests, accounting for 48% to 68% of the observed variance. Overall, the results provide preliminary support for the use of the TENC instrument in the assessment of early number concepts. A secondary area of investigation concerned children's recognition of perceptual configurations of number and their counting skills. Children's recognition of perceptual configurations, particularly for familiar patterned sets, was found to both moderately correlate with (r = .30 to .64) and predict (accounting for 24 to 45% of the variance) their mathematics knowledge as assessed using the TENC and WIAT-II. Mann-Whitney tests identified the bi-directional counting tasks as differentiating between children with poorly developed from those with well-developed number concepts. These results support an interplay between children's knowledge of number configurations and their bi-directional counting skills with their understanding of number concepts, although further research is warranted to further examine the extent and direction of influence.
Examining the Effect of Category-Training on 11-Month-Olds’ Property Generalizations
Creators: name: Zepeda, Michelle Stephanie
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychology--Developmental

description: The ability to form category-property links allows infants to generalize a property from one category member to another. In the present studies, I examined whether orienting infants to the demands of the task, through categorization training, would facilitate 11-month-old infants’ property extensions when familiarized with a single exemplar of a novel animal category. In Experiment 1, 11-month-olds (N = 32) were trained with two familiar animal-sound pairings (i.e., dog-bark, cat-meow), and tested on their learning and generalization of novel animal-sound associations. Across two conditions, Experiment 2 familiarized 11-month-olds (N = 58) to one familiar (i.e., dog-bark) and one novel animal-sound pairing. Conditions differed in their presentation of familiarization trials (i.e., random or blocked). Infants were also tested on their learning and extension of the animal-sound associations. In both studies, infants did not demonstrate learning of the original animal sound pairing, nor generalization of the sound property to new members of the animal categories. These results indicate that categorization training did not facilitate 11-month-olds’ ability to learn or generalize a novel animal-sound association, when familiarized with a single exemplar.
MOESM4 of Study on cyanidin metabolism in petals of pink-flowered strawberry based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis
Creators: name: Xue, Li
name: Wang, Jian
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Zheng, Yang
name: Wang, Hai-Feng
name: Wu, Xue
name: Xian, Cheng
name: Lei, Jia-Jun
name: Zhong, Chuan-Fei
name: Zhang, Yun-Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Length of transcripts or unigenes from nine samples.
Additional file 1 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Cell populations analyzed by flow cytometry.
Some characterizations of Sturmian words in terms of the lexicographic order
Creators: name: Bucci, Michelangelo
name: De Luca, Alessandro
name: Zamboni, Luca Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present three new characterizations of Sturmian words based on the lexicographic ordering of their factors.
Additional file 2 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Phenotypes of CD4, CD8 T, and CD19 cells analysed.
An exploratory study of information technology diffusion in an engineering firm: a sense making and social capital perspective
Creators: name: Vallally, Lyndley John
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 133-140
description: Diffusion processes, in general, are at the heart of all major changes in strategy, new business formations and many other change programs initiated in firms. Even though research in IT diffusion has been extensive, failure rates continue to be higher than 50% on average. Prior diffusion research has focused on great methodological rigor to reveal tangible measures using static models but has failed to improve diffusion success rates overall. Traditional IS research has emphasized organizational decision-making and control and systems theory at the expense of the technology itself. Alternative IS theories have emphasized the technology whilst simplifying the organizational context. This study proposes that a process theory may provide better insights into IT diffusions in the context of an engineering firm, informed by social capital and sense making theoretical perspectives. It is based upon a real-time study of an information systems diffusion in three branches (in the U.K., U.S. and Canada) of a multi-national engineering firm. The process model suggests that location-specific antecedents combined with location dynamics drive new systems diffusion. Antecedents such as project requirements, current types of systems in use, historical trust between offices and the branch work environment may be conducive to social capital creation or destruction and may favour or hinder diffusion. Sense making processes related to the characteristics of the new information system may enhance or impede diffusion enacted through social capital processes. Hence, a process theory of technology diffusion using social capital and sense making theoretical perspectives can reveal the dynamics of why a particular IT diffusion succeeds or fails in an engineering firm. I develop several testable propositions based upon the findings of this study.
A systematic approach to using regression modelling and ‘big data’ to derive a meaningful clinical decision rule for epilepsy
Creators: name: Josephson, Colin Bruce
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Epilepsy
subject: levetiracetam
subject: psychiatric adverse effects
subject: prediction modelling
subject: clinical decision rules
subject: Biophysics--Medical
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Introduction: clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been developed in a number of medical fields resulting in improved patient outcomes, quality of care, and health economics. Aims: to identify all CDRs developed for epilepsy and to derive one that guides the prescription of the antiepileptic drug (AED), levetiracetam, according to its risk of a psychiatric adverse effect. Methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis was first performed to determine the state of the literature with respect to CDRs in epilepsy. The Health Improvement Network (THIN) electronic medical records register was used to identify patients with epilepsy by employing a modified validated case definition with a 5-year washout. Analyses were restricted to patients receiving AED monotherapy and the association between levetiracetam use and psychiatric adverse effects was explored Cox proportional hazards regression with timevarying covariates. Finally, logistic regression with parameter regularisation and k=5 fold cross validation was used to derive the CDR that predicts the development of psychiatric adverse effects following levetiracetam prescription. Results: the systematic review identified four epilepsy-specific CDRs, none of which guided AED prescription. A total of 9595 presumed incident cases of epilepsy (85.7 cases per 100,000 persons) were identified in THIN. Both carbamazepine (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.73– 0.97; p = 0.02) and lamotrigine (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.99; p = 0.03) were associated with reduced hazards of a psychiatric sign, symptom, or disorder iii compared to no AED treatment. Levetiracetam was not associated with psychiatric adverse effects but the analyses were underpowered (n=202; 3%). All patients receiving levetiracetam (1173/7400; 16%) were included for CDR derivation. Prediction variables were incorporated into multiple logistic regression models with parameter regularisation. Odds of reporting a psychiatric complaint were elevated for females and those with a pre-exposure history of depression, anxiety, recreational drug use, or higher social deprivation. The prediction model performed well (area under the curve [AUC] 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.58- 0.79 after stratified k=5 fold cross-validation). Using a cut-off threshold 0.1, the CDR had a specificity of 83%. Conclusion: If externally validated and properly implemented, this CDR could be used to guide prescription in clinical practice.
Three Looks at Instantons in F-theory -- New Insights from Anomaly Inflow, String Junctions and Heterotic Duality
Creators: name: Cvetič, Mirjam
name: García-Etxebarria, Iñaki
name: Halverson, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the physics of zero modes of ED3/M5 instantons at strong coupling from three different viewpoints. Motivated by an anomaly inflow argument, we give a prescription for describing neutral instanton modes in terms of string junctions, unifying the language with that used for charged modes. We proceed to discuss the physics of charged modes as we move between different points in the moduli space of F-theory compactified on K3. In particular, we show how, in going from the E6^3 point to the SO(8)^4 point, the structure of SO(8) zero modes arises from a non-trivial mixing of massless 27's of E6 with massive modes stretching between different E6 stacks. We observe a similar mixing in going from SO(8)^4 to E6^3. Finally, we see how the zeroes of some exact worldsheet instanton superpotentials in heterotic backgrounds preserving E6 symmetry admit a physical interpretation in terms of low energy physics. We also discuss the behavior of the dual F-theory compactification as the superpotential approaches a zero. An interesting observation is that in the examples we study some of the zeroes of the superpotential correspond to points of E8 enhancement in the worldvolume of the dual M5 instanton, and more generally from enhancements of the singularity over the worldvolume of the instanton.
description: 46 pages. v2: Fixed typos, added refs
An Information Retrieval Approach for Automatically Constructing Software Libraries
Creators: name: Maarek, Yoelle S.
name: Berry, Daniel M.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Computer science

description: Although software reuse presents clear advantages for programmer productivity and code reliability, it is not practiced enough. One of the reasons for the only moderate success of reuse is the lack of software libraries that facilitate the actual locating and understanding of reusable components. This paper describes a technology for automatically assembling large software libraries which promote software reuse by helping the user locate the components closest to her/his needs. Software libraries are automatically assembled from a set of unorganized components by using information retrieval techniques. The construction of the library is done in two steps. First, attributes are automatically extracted from natural language documentation by using a new indexing scheme based on the notions of lexical affinities and quantity of information. Then a hierarchy for browsing is automatically generated using a clustering technique which draws only on the information provided by the attributes. Thanks to the free-text indexing scheme, tools following this approach can accept free-style natural language queries. This technology has been implemented in the GURU system, which has been applied to construct an organized library of AIX utilities. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of GURU as compared to INFOEXPLORER a hypertext library system for AIX 3 on the IBM RISC System/6000 series. We followed the usual evaluation procedure used in information retrieval, based upon recall and precision measures, and determined that our system performs 15% better on a random test set, while being much less expensive to build than INFOEXPLORER.
4d N=2 superconformal linear quivers with type IIA duals
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Berdichevsky, Leon
name: Berkooz, Micha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the gravity duals of 4d N=2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) arising from the low-energy limit of brane configurations of D4-branes stretched between and intersecting NS5-branes and D6-branes. This gives rise to a product of SU(N_i) groups, with bi-fundamental matter between adjacent groups, and extra fundamental hypermultiplets. The most general configuration in 11d (or type IIA) supergravity that is dual to a 4d N=2 SCFT (when the dual of this SCFT is a weakly curved background) was written down by Gaiotto and Maldacena, but finding it explicitly involves solving a complicated Toda equation. This equation simplifies only when the solution can be reduced to type IIA supergravity, so we ask for which SCFTs of this type is there a type IIA dual that is weakly coupled and weakly curved (away from NS5-branes and D6-branes). We find that such solutions (a special case of which was analyzed by Reid-Edwards and Stefanski) exist when there is a large number of gauge groups, with large ranks, and with large 't Hooft couplings for all but a finite number of groups. The general solution of this type is given by solving an axially symmetric Laplace equation in three dimensions, with specific boundary conditions. We match the parameters of the 4d SCFTs, including the exactly marginal coupling constants, with the boundary conditions for the Laplace equation.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures. v2: added references
Key factors of ion induced nanopatterning
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, S.
name: Karmakar, P.
name: Chakrabarti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have reported the dependence of projectile mass, chemical reactivity and effect of molecular beams on the ion induced nano structure formation, when 8 keV He1+, N1+, O1+, Ar1+ atomic ions and 16 keV N21+ and O21+ molecular ions are bombarded on the Si(100) surface at an incidence angle of 60^{\circ}. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement shows that the initiation and growth of ripple structures are determined not only by the collision cascades but also by the chemical reactivity and molecular state of the projectiles. This experimental investigation explores the necessary requirements for ion induced controlled nanopatterning.
Additional file 4 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Levels of population markers. Comparison between patients and controls and patients with themselves at different times.
Learning mixtures of product distributions over discrete domains
Creators: name: Feldman, Jon
name: O'Donnell, Ryan
name: Servedio, Rocco Anthony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: We consider the problem of learning mixtures of product distributions over discrete domains in the distribution learning framework introduced by Kearns et al. [18]. We give a poly(n/ε) time algorithm for learning a mixture of k arbitrary product distributions over the n-dimensional Boolean cube {0,1}n to accuracy ε, for any constant k. Previous polynomial time algorithms could only achieve this for k = 2 product distributions; our result answers an open question stated independently in [8] and [14]. We further give evidence that no polynomial time algorithm can succeed when k is superconstant, by reduction from a notorious open problem in PAC learning. Finally, we generalize our poly(n/ε) time algorithm to learn any mixture of k = O(1) product distributions over {0, 1, . . . , b}n, for any b = O(1).
Microstructure-property models for heat treatment of A356 aluminum alloy
Creators: name: Colley, Leo John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during heat treatment of an industrially-cast A356 aluminum alloy was studied in an extensive experimental investigation. The temperature ranges of interest were; solution treatment at 500-560°C, natural ageing at room temperature, and artificial ageing at 150-200°C. The changes in dendritic composition and eutectic morphology due to solution treatment were quantified by microprobe and image analysis for a wide range of processing conditions. Subsequently, a microstructure model for solution treatment was constructed using sub-models for; i) the dissolution of Mg₂Si particles, ii) the fragmentation of eutectic fibres, and iii) the coarsening of the fragmented eutectic. For the ageing investigations, characterisation of mechanical properties was done by hardness and tensile testing, and the kinetics of precipitation was determined by an isothermal calorimetry technique. A model to predict the evolution of yield strength during artificial ageing was developed based on established physical theories. A yield strength model for natural ageing was also proposed using data from isothermal calorimetry tests performed close to room temperature. Two model Al-Si-Mg alloys were investigated in order to extend both ageing models to include the effects of; i) alloy chemistry, ii) incomplete solution treatment and iii) natural ageing prior to artificial ageing. The validity of the models was verified using independent experimental measurements and literature data, and they were subsequently used as a tool to identify potential optimisation strategies for industrial heat treatment processes. The linkages between the models revealed details of processing challenges arising from the interdependence of the heat treatment stages, such as reduced strengthening during ageing due to incomplete solution treatment, and delayed strengthening during artificial ageing as a result of prior natural ageing.
Optimal Design of Reconfigurable Products Considering Product Configurations and Reconfiguration Processes
Creators: name: Gadalla, Moustafa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Reconfigurable product
subject: design configuration
subject: reconfiguration processes
subject: Optimization
subject: analytic network process (ANP)
subject: Engineering--Industrial

description: A reconfigurable product is used as several products for delivering different functions through reconfiguration processes to change between product configurations during its utilization stage. Despite the research efforts devoted to design and manufacture of reconfigurable products, influences of reconfiguration processes have not been considered in the design of reconfigurable products. Since different designs can lead to different reconfiguration processes, and both the product configurations and reconfiguration processes influence the evaluation measures of the product, an optimal reconfigurable product design method is developed in this research considering both product configurations and reconfiguration processes.First, a generic design AND-OR tree is used to model design candidates and design parameters based on the same requirements, and generic process AND-OR graphs are employed to model reconfiguration process candidates and process parameters. Specific design and reconfiguration process candidates are created from the generic design AND-OR tree and the generic process AND-OR graphs through tree/graph based search. Based on evaluations to different design candidates and reconfiguration process candidates, the optimal design solution is identified using a multi-level and multi-objective optimization method. The optimization is conducted at two different levels: the candidate optimization to achieve the optimal design/process candidates, and parameter optimization to identify the optimal design/process parameter values. Second, the efficiency of the developed optimization method is improved when the numbers of design/process candidates are large. A heuristic is developed to evaluate nodes of the design/process tree/graphs considering the importance of these nodes to the optimal design, and some nodes that are unlikely to achieve the optimal solution are pruned from the tree/graphs. To further improve the optimization efficiency, a heuristic function is developed to rank the created design solutions to identify the top-ranked solutions for detailed optimization. Third, a new extended analytic network process (EANP) method is developed to determine weights of the design/process nodes for improving the quality of the developed optimization method considering dependency relations among descriptions of design/process candidates and evaluation criteria. In addition, by selecting the evaluation criteria in the EANP method with the similar evaluation measures in the optimization process, better top-ranked solutions can be identified for detailed optimization.
Performance of Multiattribute Top-K Queries on Relational Systems
Creators: name: Bruno, Nicolas
name: Chaudhuri, Surajit
name: Gravano, Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: In many applications, users specify target values for the attributes of a relation, and expect in return the k tuples that best match these values. Traditional RDBMSs do not process these ”top-k queries'' efficiently. In our previous work, we outlined a family of strategies to map a top-k query into a traditional selection query that a RDBMS can process efficiently. The goal of such mapping strategies is to get all needed tuples (but minimize the number of retrieved tuples) and thus avoid “restarts'' to get additional tuples. Unfortunately, no single mapping strategy performed consistently the best under all data distributions. In this paper, we develop a novel mapping technique that leverages information about the data distribution and adapts itself to the local characteristics of the data and the histograms available to do the mapping. We also report the first experimental evaluation of the new and old mapping strategies over a real RDBMS, namely over Microsoft's SQL Server7.0. The experiments show that our new techniques are robust and significantly more efficient than previously known strategies requiring at least one sequential scan of the data sets.
Additional file 2 of Extracellular arginine availability modulates eIF2α O-GlcNAcylation and heme oxygenase 1 translation for cellular homeostasis
Creators: name: Hung, Yu-Wen
name: Ouyang, Ching
name: Ping, Xiaoli
name: Qi, Yue
name: Wang, Yi-Chang
name: Kung, Hsing-Jien
name: Ann, David K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Primer sequences for qRT-PCR. Table S2. Antibodies. Table S3. Primer sequences for mutagenesisof eIF2α.
Additional file 5 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Changes in immune cell populations associated with age.
Scale-dependent bias of galaxies and mu-type distortion of the cosmic microwave background spectrum from single-field inflation with a modified initial state
Creators: name: Ganc, Jonathan
name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phenomenological consequences of a modification of the initial state of a single inflationary field. While single-field inflation with the standard Bunch-Davies initial vacuum state does not generally produce a measurable three-point function (bispectrum) in the squeezed configuration, allowing for a non-standard initial state produces an exception. Here, we calculate the signature of an initial state modification in single-field slow-roll inflation in both the scale-dependent bias of the large-scale structure (LSS) and mu-type distortion in the black-body spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We parametrize the initial state modifications and identify certain choices of parameters as natural, though we also note some fine-tuned choices that can yield a larger bispectrum. In both cases, we observe a distinctive k^-3 signature in LSS (as opposed to k^-2 for the local-form). As a non-zero bispectrum in the squeezed configuration correlates a long-wavelength mode with two short-wavelength modes, it induces a correlation between the CMB temperature anisotropy on large scales with the temperature-anisotropy-squared on very small scales; this correlation persists as the small-scale anisotropy-squared is processed into mu-type distortions. While the local-form mu-distortion turns out to be too small to detect in the near future, a modified initial vacuum state enhances the signal by a large factor owing to an extra factor of k_1/k. For example, a proposed absolutely-calibrated experiment, PIXIE, is expected to detect this correlation with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10, for an occupation number of about 0.5 in the observable modes. Relatively calibrated experiments such as Planck and LiteBIRD should also be able to measure this effect, provided that the relative calibration between different frequencies meets the required precision. (Abridged)
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Matches version in PRD. Improved explanation in Sec. IV; added references and corrected typos
No Entiendo: The Effects of Bilingualism on Hispanic Earnings
Creators: name: Cortina, Jerónimo
name: De La Garza, Rodolfo
name: Pinto, Pablo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Labor economics

description: This paper examines whether the ability to communicate in English and Spanish is rewarded in labor markets. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census we find that among Hispanics, earnings are higher as the ability to speak English increases. We also find that bilingualism, is associated with higher wages reversing the negative effect found in earlier studies. The reversal could be explained by increasing immigration, and from economic integration with Latin America. Our results also show that bilingualism is negatively correlated with wages among different occupational categories and sectors, but particularly among managers and those employed in the public sector.
Cognitive deficits, behavioral changes and gene expression profiling in a mouse model of repeated mild traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Luo, Yawen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) has been thought to result in cumulative damage to cells of the brain, but the molecular mechanisms are not known. We investigated the effect of rmTBI on cognition, behavior and hippocampal gene expression using microarray analysis. Mice applied with rmTBI for 25 successive days and tested at 1 week and 4 weeks after the injury respectively, showed transient neurological deficit, impaired weekly body weight growth rate (BWGR), changed behaviors in elevated plus maze and deficit in spatial memory in the Morris water maze compared with sham injury mice. Microarray analysis suggested several rmTBI-induced expression differences in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and cell cycle, angiogenesis, cellular architecture, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolism and transcriptional regulation, and neuronal plasticity-related genes. This study highlights some of the potential mechanisms that may play an important role in the development of rmTBI-induced functional deficits. Further studies at different time points and in additional subregions of the brain are of interest in the search for molecular mechanisms behind rmTBI-induced neuronal pathogenesis after the injury.
Taking the Initiative in Problem-Solving Discourse
Creators: name: Matthews, Kevin
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Human participants in a conversation display a flexibility in shifting initiative not currently found 10 natural language processing systems. They frequently take charge of the dialogue to provide necessary, but unrequested Information Based on an analysis of transcripts of student advising dialogues, we present a. theory of role shifting that details the information needed to take the initiative, motivations for doing so, and expectations arising from the current discourse state motivations for taking the Initiative may arise either from the domain task or from the communication requirements of the dialogue itself. To maintain conversational coherence while taking the initiative a system must consider the expectations arising from the current topic and role states. We present data to support our conclusions which have implications for natural language computer systems.
Europe's Maghreb Headache
Creators: name: Kausch, Kristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Europe, Maghreb, Middle East, North Africa, Foreign Policy, European Neighbourhood Policy, Mediterranean, European Union

description: The Maghreb is a region with an enormous disruptive potential for Europe. After the Levant, the Maghreb is now increasingly becoming a stage on which regional and global rivalries are being fought. The main entry point that makes such confrontations possible is political void.

Europe–Maghreb relations are full of strategic and moral dilemmas with no easy solutions. However, a few concrete action points appear inevitable. A more strategic European approach for de-escalation and de- vacuumization in the Maghreb will inevitably need to include a broader and more united engagement Libya beyond the current migration and terrorism prism. Policymakers should devise a forward-looking pan- European approach to migration not only to manageows, but to pre-empt the weaponization of migrationby international partners.
Inward FDI in Egypt and its policy context
Creators: name: Kamaly, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: Egypt, starting from the second half of the first decade of the 21st century, has begun to realize its potential as an important recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) among developing economies. Having received only US$ 500 million of inward FDI (IFDI), amounting to 0.5% of GDP in 2001, Egypt attracted US$ 9.4 billion (approximately 5.7% of GDP), in 2008. While investment in oil and gas accounted for a large share of IFDI (over half in 2006-2009), the remainder is fairly well diversified. Developed economies account for three-quarters of Egypt's IFDI, but the share of emerging markets has risen recently. Largely because of the global financial crisis, inflows dropped in 2009, by 30%. IFDI is likely to be adversely affected in 2011 following the political turbulence associated with the January 25 Revolution. However, this democratic transformation carries the seeds of genuine political stability based on effective institutions and the rule of law, which would encourage long-term domestic and foreign investment.
Consequences of Spatial Exploitation in Complex Adaptive Social-Ecological Systems: Managing for Sustainable Freshwater Fisheries
Creators: name: Wilson, Kyle Logan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fisheries
subject: Sustainability
subject: Social-ecological systems
subject: life-history theory
subject: bioeconomics
subject: landscape ecology
subject: Natural resource management
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Freshwater fisheries are complex adaptive social-ecological systems structured by coupled feedbacks between fish and people (e.g., anglers). For example, fishing quality influences angler site choices, and anglers reciprocally impact fish populations at chosen sites through size-selective harvest, thus demonstrating how feedbacks between fish and anglers permeate through whole ecosystems. Overexploitation increasingly threatens these fisheries challenging management with finding robust solutions to sustain these important resources. Yet, we often lack generalization on the social and ecological processes that limit system resilience. This thesis attempts to gain some of that generalization by exploring how whole-system outcomes emerge from cross-scale interactions between fish and anglers. To do this, I used a combination of theory-driven models and empirical case studies on the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush fisheries of British Columbia and Yukon to find the landscape, social, and ecological consequences of spatial exploitation on these complex systems. In general, I found that system outcomes, like sustainable or overexploited fisheries, strongly depended on both landscape contexts and the strength of social-ecological feedbacks. In doing so, I was able to generalize the kinds of freshwater landscapes at risk of overexploitation. Next, I found that spatial exploitation patterns had cascading effects across freshwater landscapes by influencing ecological processes like the demographic tradeoff between fish body size and abundance or variation in fish life histories. Additionally, I found that angler site choices were influenced by multiple characteristics, like trip contexts, travel costs and fishing quality, allowing me to better identify potential angler impacts on fish populations. I then integrated these spatial, social, and ecological processes to evaluate the kinds of policies that may improve management of the lake trout fishery and found that conservative regulations better balanced both social and ecological objectives. The results of these studies can help inform management on the feedbacks and processes that drive fishery dynamics, how a landscape of fish populations may respond to spatial exploitation, the kinds of landscapes (and populations within those landscapes) at risk of overexploitation, and the efficacy of regulations that target key spatial, social, and ecological processes to sustain freshwater fisheries.
A hQCD model and its phase diagram in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton system
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: He, Song
name: Li, Danning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By use of the potential reconstruction approach we obtain a series of asymptotically AdS (aAdS) black hole solutions in an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) system. Basing on the solutions of the system, we reconstruct a semi-analytical holographic QCD (hQCD) model with a quadratic term in warped factor. We discuss some aspects of the hQCD model, in particular we calculate the free energy of two static color sources (a heavy quark-antiquark pair) which is an important order parameter to describe confinement/deconfinement phase transition. The behavior of the free energy with respect to temperature and chemical potential is studied. We find that in the hQCD model the deconfinement phase transition can be realized and a critical point occurs. The resulting phase diagram in the temperature-chemical potential $T-μ$ plane is in quite good agreement with the one from recent lattice results and effective models of QCD.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, regular paper, add some comments and references, accepted by JHEP