cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Branching Fractions and CP Asymmetries in B0 -> pi0pi0, B+ -> pi+pi0 and B+ -> K+pi0 Decays and Isospin Analysis of the B -> pipi System
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a sample of 227 million BBbar pairs collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC, we measure the branching fraction B(B0 -> pi0pi0) = (1.17 +- 0.32 +- 0.10) x 1e-6, and the asymmetry C(pi0pi0) = -0.12 +- 0.56 +- 0.06. The B0 -> pi0pi0 signal has a significance of 5.0 sigma. We also measure B(B+ -> pi+pi0) = (5.8 +- 0.6 +- 0.4) x 1e-6, B(B+ -> K+pi0) = (12.0 +- 0.7 +- 0.6) x 1e-6, and the charge asymmetries A(pi+pi0) = -0.01 +- 0.10 +- 0.02 and A(K+pi0) = 0.06 +- 0.06 +- 0.01. Using isospin relations we find an upper bound on the angle difference |alpha - alpha(eff)| of 35 degrees at the 90% C.L.
description: 7 pages, 3 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Classical route to ergodicity and scarring phenomena in a two-component Bose-Josephson junction
Creators: name: Mondal, Debabrata
name: Sinha, Sudip
name: Ray, Sayak
name: Kroha, Johann
name: Sinha, Subhasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) formed by a binary mixture of ultracold atoms to investigate the manifestation of coherent collective dynamics on ergodicity and quantum scars, unfolding the connection between them. By tuning the inter- and intra-species interaction, we demonstrate a rich variety of Josephson dynamics and transitions between them, which plays a crucial role in controlling the overall ergodic behavior. The signature of underlying classicality is revealed from the entanglement spectrum, which also elucidates the formation of quantum scars of unstable steady states and of periodic orbits leading to athermal behavior. The degree of ergodicity across the energy band and scarring phenomena can be probed from the auto-correlation function as well from the phase fluctuation of the condensates, which has relevance in cold atom experiments.
Search for anomalous semileptonic decay of heavy flavor hadrons produced in association with a W boson at CDF II
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for anomalous semileptonic decays of heavy flavor hadrons produced in association with a $W$ boson, in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. We use 162 pb-1 of data collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We select events with one W boson and at least one jet with an identified secondary vertex. In the jets with a secondary vertex we look for a semileptonic decay to a muon. We compare the number of jets with both a secondary vertex and a semileptonic decay, and the kinematic properties of these jets, with the standard model expectation of W plus heavy flavor production and decay. No discrepancy is seen between the observation and the expectation, and we set limits on the production cross section of a B-like hadron with an anomalously high semileptonic branching ratio.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRD-RC; replaced to adjust the page format
Environmental tax reform: experiences in Europe and possibilities in Hungary
Creators: name: Sipos, Nikoletta
name: Sipos, Nikoletta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: environmental protection
subject: tax
subject: budget

description: Due to aggravating environmental problems and the continued high rate of unemployment, the introduction of environmental tax reform has become a pressing issue. Adjustments in existing taxes are expected to have a positive impact on the environment and on employment figures. Several European countries have put the concept into practice. Hungary needs to step up as well and take part in the prevention of global environmental problems and slow down the depletion of natural resources.
Additional file 1 of Examining concordance of sexual-related factors and PrEP eligibility with HIV risk perception among adolescent girls and young women: cross-sectional insights from DREAMS sites in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia
Creators: name: Heck, Craig J.
name: Reed, Domonique M.
name: Okal, Jerry
name: Chipeta, Effie
name: Mbizvo, Michael
name: Mathur, Sanyukta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
The phase between the three gluon and one photon amplitudes in quarkonium decays
Creators: name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase between three-gluon and one-photon amplitudes in psi(2S) and psi(3770) decays is analyzed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Talk given at Hadron 03: 10th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy, Aschaffenburg, Germany, 31 Aug - 6 Sep 2003
Point interactions in one dimension and holonomic quantum fields
Creators: name: Lisovyy, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study a family of quantum fields, associated to delta-interactions in one dimension. These fields are analogous to holonomic quantum fields of M. Sato, T. Miwa and M. Jimbo. Corresponding field operators belong to an infinite-dimensional representation of the group $SL(2,\Rb)$ in the Fock space of ordinary harmonic oscillator. We compute form factors of such fields and their correlation functions, which are related to the determinants of Schroedinger operators with a finite number of point interactions. It is also shown that these determinants coincide with tau functions, obtained through the trivialization of the $\mathrm{det}^*$-bundle over a Grassmannian associated to a family of Schroedinger operators.
description: 17 pages
Transport properties of organic Dirac electron system α-(BEDT-TSeF)$_2$I$_3$
Creators: name: Ohki, Daigo
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
name: Kobayashi, Akito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the insulating behavior of $α$-(BEDT-TSeF)$_2$I$_3$ at low temperatures ($T$'s), we first performed first-principles calculations based on the crystal structural data at 30 K under ambient pressure, and we constructed a two-dimensional effective model using maximally localized Wannier functions. As possible causes of the insulating behavior, we studied the effects of the on-site Coulomb interaction $U$ and spin-orbit interaction (SOI) by investigating the electronic state and the transport coefficient using the Hartree approximation and the $T$-matrix approximation. The calculations at a finite $T$ demonstrated that a spin-ordered massive Dirac electron (SMD) appeared due to the on-site Coulomb interaction. We had an interest in the anomalous competitive effect with $U$ and SOI when the SMD phase is present in $α$-(BETS)$_2$I$_3$, and we investigated these contributions to the electronic state and conductivity. The SMD is not a conventional spin order, but it exhibits the spin-valley Hall effect. Direct current resistivity in the presence of a spin order gap increased divergently and exhibited negative magnetoresistance in the low $T$ region with decreasing $T$. The charge density hardly changed below and above the $T$ at which this insulating behavior appeared. However, when considering the SOI alone, the state changed to a topological insulator phase, and the electrical resistivity is saturated by edge conduction at quite low $T$. When considering both the SMD and the SOI, the spin order gap was suppressed by the SOI, and gaps with different sizes opened in the left and right Dirac cones. This phase transition leads to distinct changes in microwave conductivity, such as a discontinuous jump and a peak structure.
Keeping young farmers in rural areas
Creators: name: Hantos, Krisztina
name: Hantos, Krisztina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: ageing
subject: young farmers
subject: agricultural education
subject: subsidies
subject: agricultural information system

description: Agricultural subsidies alone cannot solve the aging problem of rural areas. In some cases enthusiasm is not enough, because a lack of financial resources prevents young farmers from launching enterprises. Isolation, lack of information and subsistence insecurity are all problems faced by young farmers, which need to be managed. It would be reasonable to extend the support scheme provided for new enterprises to also include those farms which have already been launched, but have not yet reached the size considered viable. Considering that the subsidies involve retrospective financing and that the majority of young farmers are lacking capital, increasing the amount of the advance payment would also be recommended. Young farmers could be further supported by providing subsidies for voluntary cooperation and by setting easier terms for purchasing land from the National Land Reserve, as well as by developing the rural infrastructure and a comprehensive agricultural education system, including management training.
Two-scale scalar mesons in nuclei
Creators: name: Saito, K.
name: Kouno, H.
name: Tsushima, K.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the linear sigma model in order to develop a chiral-invariant model of nuclear structure. The model is natural, and contains not only the usual sigma meson which is the chiral partner of the pion but also a new chiral-singlet that is responsible for the medium-range nucleon-nucleon attraction. This approach provides significant advantages in terms of its description of nuclear matter and finite nuclei in comparison with conventional models based on the linear sigma model.
description: 12 pages, including 3 tables and 3 figures; preprint number is added
High-performance broadband Faraday rotation spectroscopy of 2D materials and thin magnetic films
Creators: name: Carey, Benjamin
name: Wessling, Nils Kolja
name: Steeger, Paul
name: Klusmann, Christoph
name: Schneider, Robert
name: Fix, Mario
name: Schmidt, Robert
name: Albrecht, Manfred
name: de Vasconcellos, Steffen Michaelis
name: Bratschitsch, Rudolf
name: Arora, Ashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) technique for measurements on the micron scale. Spectral acquisition speeds of many orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art modulation spectroscopy setups are demonstrated. The experimental method is based on charge-coupled-device detection, avoiding speed-limiting components, such as polarization modulators with lock-in amplifiers. At the same time, FRS spectra are obtained with a sensitivity of 20 $μ$rad (0.001$^\circ$) over a broad spectral range (525 nm - 800 nm), which is on par with state-of-the-art polarization-modulation techniques. The new measurement technique also automatically cancels unwanted Faraday rotation backgrounds. Using the setup, we perform Faraday rotation spectroscopy of excitons in a hBN-encapsulated atomically thin semiconductor WS$_2$ under magnetic fields of up to 1.4 T at room temperature and liquid helium temperature. We determine the A exciton g-factor of -4.4 $\pm$ 0.3 at room temperature, and -4.2 $\pm$ 0.2 at liquid helium temperature. In addition, we perform FRS and hysteresis loop measurements on a 20 nm thick film of an amorphous magnetic Tb$_{0.2}$Fe$_{0.8}$ alloy.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Evidence for Resonance Scattering in the X-ray Grating Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant N49
Creators: name: Amano, Yuki
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Gu, Liyi
name: Tsuru, Takeshi Go
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonance scattering (RS) is an important process in astronomical objects, because it affects measurements of elemental abundances and distorts surface brightness of the object. It is predicted that RS can occur in plasmas of supernova remnants (SNRs). Although several authors reported hints of RS in SNRs, no strong observational evidence has been established so far. We perform a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the SNR N49 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer aboard XMM-Newton. The RGS spectrum of N49 shows a high G-ratio of O VII He$α$ lines as well as O VIII Ly$β$/$α$ and Fe XVII (3s-2p)/(3d-2p) ratios which cannot be explained by the emission from a thin thermal plasma. These line ratios can be well explained by the effect of RS. Our result implies that RS has a large impact particularly on a measurement of the oxygen abundance.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Study of Black Holes with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: Tanaka, Junichi
name: Yamamura, Taiki
name: Asai, Shoji
name: Kanzaki, Junichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the potential of the ATLAS detector for discovering black holes produced at the LHC, as predicted in models with large extra dimensions where quantum gravity is at the TeV scale. We assume that black holes decay by Hawking evaporation to all Standard Model particles democratically. We comment on the possibility to estimate the Planck scale.
description: 27 pages
Quantum states with space-like energy-momentum
Creators: name: Solomon, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common assumption in quantum field theory is that the energy-momentum 4-vector of any quantum state must be time-like. It will be proven that this is not the case for a Dirac-Maxwell field. In this case quantum states can be shown to exist whose energy-momentum is space-like.
description: Accepted by the Central European Journal of Physics. Major changes from previous copy
How to increase food security in North Korea?
Creators: name: Kiss, Judit
name: Kiss, Judit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: North Korean agriculture
subject: food security
subject: self-reliance
subject: intensifying agricultural production
subject: increasing yields

description: In North Korea, in conformity with the still prevailing Juche ideology, food self-reliance seems to be the main objective in order to increase food security. The only option for boosting domestic food supply is to intensify agricultural and food production, as the possibilities for an extensive production increase are rather limited, due to natural, climatic and ecological conditions. The article analyses those less energy-intensive, less costly, but more cost efficient and environmentally friendly farming methods and practices, which might lead to sustainable self-sufficiency via sustainable productivity. Though technical developments have a vital role in increasing labour productivity and yields, a conducive economic environment is also essential for increasing domestic food supply.
The Effect of Information and Market Access on Adopters' Income Level
Creators: name: Nwankwo, Uche M.
name: Wolfgang, Bokelmann
name: Nwankwo, Uche M.
name: Wolfgang, Bokelmann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: This paper is aimed at relating income fluctuation with adoptable innovations, adopter category and their access to some variables than those explained in the neoclassical economics principle of labor market demand and supply equilibrium. Using a quantitative and qualitative case study of some farmers in two States, we considered whether respondents are earning enough income and what constraints they face. The von Hipple’s lead user concept and decision model of risk aversion under uncertainty were used to explain causes of variability. Notably, farmers with enough steady income have access to market, various information and are less risk averse.
Sharp Multiple Instance Learning for DeepFake Video Detection
Creators: name: Li, Xiaodan
name: Lang, Yining
name: Chen, Yuefeng
name: Mao, Xiaofeng
name: He, Yuan
name: Wang, Shuhui
name: Xue, Hui
name: Lu, Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of facial manipulation techniques, face forgery has received considerable attention in multimedia and computer vision community due to security concerns. Existing methods are mostly designed for single-frame detection trained with precise image-level labels or for video-level prediction by only modeling the inter-frame inconsistency, leaving potential high risks for DeepFake attackers. In this paper, we introduce a new problem of partial face attack in DeepFake video, where only video-level labels are provided but not all the faces in the fake videos are manipulated. We address this problem by multiple instance learning framework, treating faces and input video as instances and bag respectively. A sharp MIL (S-MIL) is proposed which builds direct mapping from instance embeddings to bag prediction, rather than from instance embeddings to instance prediction and then to bag prediction in traditional MIL. Theoretical analysis proves that the gradient vanishing in traditional MIL is relieved in S-MIL. To generate instances that can accurately incorporate the partially manipulated faces, spatial-temporal encoded instance is designed to fully model the intra-frame and inter-frame inconsistency, which further helps to promote the detection performance. We also construct a new dataset FFPMS for partially attacked DeepFake video detection, which can benefit the evaluation of different methods at both frame and video levels. Experiments on FFPMS and the widely used DFDC dataset verify that S-MIL is superior to other counterparts for partially attacked DeepFake video detection. In addition, S-MIL can also be adapted to traditional DeepFake image detection tasks and achieve state-of-the-art performance on single-frame datasets.
description: Accepted at ACM MM 2020. 11 pages, 8 figures, with appendix
Impacts of a Standing Disaster Payment Program on U.S. Crop Insurance
Creators: name: Anderson, John D.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Anderson, John D.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Coble, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: This research investigates the potential effects of the standing disaster assistance program proposed in the Senate version of the 2008 Farm Bill. Results suggest no significant impact on producer crop insurance purchase decisions. Payments under the program should be expected to differ considerably across geographic regions and levels of diversification, with the program providing the greatest benefit to undiversified producers in more risky production regions (e.g., the Southern Plains).
Agricultural Policies and Risk Management: A Holistic Approach
Creators: name: Anton, Jesus
name: Anton, Jesus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: This paper discusses the main issues and driving forces of government policies in the area of risk management in agriculture, with particular emphasis on good policy practices and the international environment. Four main ideas are developed. First, good policy and good policy analysis requires a holistic approach. This is particularly so in this policy area because risks interact prominently with both farm household strategies and government programs and regulations in terms of risk reduction impacts and the development of market tools and strategies. Second, the rational for government actions which are based on market failure or equity concerns need to be defined in order to analyze its nature and scope, as well as to develop appropriate government measures. Third, the context of all support measures to agriculture must be considered because there are potential risk-related effects associated with most forms of support, particularly in OECD countries with high level of support to agriculture. Fourth, risk management measures need to comply with international agreements, particularly the Agreement on Agriculture of the World Trade Organization. Implications for good policy in this area have already been drafted by OECD and are useful for policy analysis.
Two-dimensional Dirac operator and surface theory
Creators: name: Taimanov, Iskander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a survey on the Weierstrass representations of surfaces in three- and four-dimensional spaces, their applications to the theory of the Willmore functional and on related problems of spectral theory of the two-dimensional Dirac operator with periodic coefficients.
description: 82 pages, minor additions
Cross-lingual Retrieval for Iterative Self-Supervised Training
Creators: name: Tran, Chau
name: Tang, Yuqing
name: Li, Xian
name: Gu, Jiatao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies have demonstrated the cross-lingual alignment ability of multilingual pretrained language models. In this work, we found that the cross-lingual alignment can be further improved by training seq2seq models on sentence pairs mined using their own encoder outputs. We utilized these findings to develop a new approach -- cross-lingual retrieval for iterative self-supervised training (CRISS), where mining and training processes are applied iteratively, improving cross-lingual alignment and translation ability at the same time. Using this method, we achieved state-of-the-art unsupervised machine translation results on 9 language directions with an average improvement of 2.4 BLEU, and on the Tatoeba sentence retrieval task in the XTREME benchmark on 16 languages with an average improvement of 21.5% in absolute accuracy. Furthermore, CRISS also brings an additional 1.8 BLEU improvement on average compared to mBART, when finetuned on supervised machine translation downstream tasks.
Economic Impact of Prospective Risk Management Instruments Under Alternative Policy Scenarios
Creators: name: Van Asseldonk, Marcel A.P.M.
name: Majewski, Edward
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Was, Adam
name: Guba, Waldemar
name: Dalton, Graham E.
name: Landmesser, Joanna
name: Berg, Ernst
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
name: Van Asseldonk, Marcel A.P.M.
name: Majewski, Edward
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Was, Adam
name: Guba, Waldemar
name: Dalton, Graham E.
name: Landmesser, Joanna
name: Berg, Ernst
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: The main objective was to assess the risk of farmers in the European Union and to analyze the impact of agricultural policy changes on the main components of income namely price and production risks. In order to achieve this, qualitative considerations and quantitative analyses covering the period 2004 – 2018 have been made. Future policy scenarios have been defined, taking into account likely Common Agricultural Policy developments, including possible outcomes of the Doha round of the WTO negotiations. Subsequently, the economic impact of policy scenarios in conjunction with a set of prospective risk management instruments for the European Union are determined.
A remark on Krein's resolvent formula and boundary conditions
Creators: name: Albeverio, Sergio
name: Pankrashkin, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46N50, 47A06, 47A10

description: We prove an analog of Krein's resolvent formula expressing the resolvents of self-adjoint extensions in terms of boundary conditions. Applications to quantum graphs and systems with point interactions are discussed.
description: 6 pages
Risankizumab: A Review in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Creators: name: Blair, Hannah A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Conflict of interest Hannah Blair is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

AbstractRisankizumab (Skyrizi®; risankizumab-rzaa) is a humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)-23, thereby inhibiting IL-23-dependent cell signaling. Subcutaneous risankizumab is approved for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy (in the EU), those who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy (in the USA) and those who have an inadequate response to conventional therapies (in Japan). In pivotal phase III trials (UltIMMa-1, UltIMMa-2, IMMvent and IMMhance), risankizumab was more effective than placebo, ustekinumab and adalimumab with regard to the proportion of patients achieving ≥ 90% improvement from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI 90) and a static Physician’s Global Assessment score of 0 or 1 at week 16, with these benefits maintained over the longer term. In supportive head-to-head trials, risankizumab was also superior to secukinumab and fumaric acid esters in terms of PASI 90 response rate. In an ongoing open-label extension study (LIMMitless), risankizumab was associated with durable and improved efficacy after switching from ustekinumab or adalimumab, as well as durable maintenance of efficacy through > 2.5 years of continuous exposure. Treatment with risankizumab improved health-related quality of life and was generally well tolerated, both in the short- and longer-term. In conclusion, risankizumab represents a useful new treatment option for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Additional file 1 of Clinical prediction models for the management of blunt chest trauma in the emergency department: a systematic review
Creators: name: Battle, Ceri
name: Cole, Elaine
name: Carter, Kym
name: Baker, Edward
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Farm Risk Management Between Normal Business Risk and Climatic/Market Shocks
Creators: name: Cordier, Jean
name: Cordier, Jean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Comparative
subject: performance
subject: risk
subject: management
subject: tools

description: Farm risk management for income stabilization is on-going issue. An applied work has been performed to measure farm risk using a stochastic model. Risk management tools, with symmetric as well as asymmetric impacts, are then tested and compared through ad hoc statistics. Normal farm business risk can be efficiently managed using a precautionary saving provision. Farm revenue insurance is found as the most efficient asymmetric tool for dealing with climatic and market shocks. The linkage between these complementary tools can be adjusted upon market environment.
An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Food Prices and Other Factors on Adult Lifestyles: Choices of Physical Activity and Healthy Weight
Creators: name: Chen, Yanni
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Chen, Yanni
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: physical activity
subject: obesity
subject: food prices
subject: adults
subject: developed country

description: This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels (signaling a concern for good health), adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological differences. Results include: Women and men who read food labels are more likely to participate in moderate and vigorous physical exercise, and women are less likely to be obese. Women with more education are more likely to be obese but educated men are less likely to be obesity. Higher prices for fresh fruits and vegetables and non-alcoholic drinks increase likelihood of obesity for females but not for males; and a higher price for processed fruits and vegetables reduce likelihood of obesity for females but not for males. A larger BMI at age 25 has wage effects later in life and also increases the probability of being obese.
Assessing Consumer Preferences and Attitudes toward Imported Pork in Urban China
Creators: name: Ortega, David L.
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Wu, Laping
name: Ortega, David L.
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Wu, Laping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: China
subject: Imported Pork
subject: Willingness-to-pay
subject: Ordered Logit
subject: Food Safety

description: China’s transition into a developed economy is driving changes in consumer preferences and demand for foods. To evaluate consumer preferences for imported pork in urban China, primary data were collected in two metropolitan areas- Beijing and Shanghai. Estimated logit models revealed that an individual’s age, shopping location and food safety concerns significantly influenced their willingness-to-pay for U.S. pork. A proportional linear model was developed to evaluate factors affecting purchasing behavior of western-style pork cuts vs. traditional Chinese cuts. Food safety concerns were linked to a previous lean-meat additive scare and a lack of consumer confidence on the Chinese food inspection system.
Restoring quantum communication efficiency over high loss optical fibres
Creators: name: Mele, Francesco Anna
name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the signals fed into the fibre are separated by a sufficiently short time interval, memory effects must be taken into account. In this paper we show that by properly accounting for these effects it is possible to devise schemes that enable unassisted quantum communication across arbitrarily long optical fibres at a fixed positive qubit transmission rate. We also demonstrate how to achieve entanglement-assisted communication over arbitrarily long distances at a rate of the same order of the maximum achievable in the unassisted noiseless case.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. The full technical details, proofs and additional developments are deferred to the companion paper [F. A. Mele, L. Lami, and V. Giovannetti. Quantum optical communication in the presence of strong attenuation noise. Preprint arXiv:2204.13129, 2022]. In v3 minor typos have been fixed
Itinerant ferromagnetism in the repulsive Hubbard chain with anisotropic odd-wave attraction
Creators: name: Singh, Manpreet
name: Pilati, Sebastiano
name: Orso, Giuliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state properties of the Hubbard chain with on-site repulsion and anisotropic nearest-neighbor attraction are investigated by means of density matrix renormalization group calculations. The non-local attraction acts between fermions of one spin component only, mimicking the effect of p-wave Feshbach resonances in cold-atom systems. We analyze the onset of itinerant ferromagnetism, pinpointing the critical attraction strength where partially and fully ferromagnetic states occur. In the cold-atom setup, where the two (pseudo) spin populations are separately conserved, ferromagnetism occurs with the nucleation of a fully imbalanced band-insulating domain hosting the attractive component only. The size of this domain grows with the attraction strength, therefore increasing the (opposite) imbalance of the other domain, until the two spin components are fully separated. In the presence of a harmonic trap, the ferromagnetic state hosts a partially imbalanced domain in the center with an excess of the attractive component and filling lower than one. This central region is surrounded by fully imbalanced domains, located in the trap tails, hosting only fermions belonging to the other component.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Contributions of Social Capital Theory in Predicting Collective Action Behavior among Livestock Keeping Communities in Kenya
Creators: name: Ouma, Emily Awuor
name: Abdulai, Awudu
name: Ouma, Emily Awuor
name: Abdulai, Awudu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: collective action
subject: communal breed improvement programs
subject: binary logit

description: Social capital and collective action initiatives provide important avenues for access and uptake of improved livestock technologies through communal breeding programs among resource poor communities in developing countries. This study examines the factors that influence collective action behavior in crop-livestock and pastoralist production systems in Kenya by employing a binary logit model. The results show that age, gender of household members and education level of the household head exert significant influence on the decision to take up collective action. In addition, wealthy households are less likely to participate in collective action initiatives compared to the resource constrained. These results suggest that policies that encourage group formation may be effective in targeting improvement in livelihoods of poor populations through access to improved livestock.
The Effect of China's RMB Exchange Rate Movement on Its Agricultural Export: A Case Study of Export to Japan
Creators: name: Longjiang, Chen
name: Longjiang, Chen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Exchange rate
subject: Agricultural export
subject: China

description: This paper attempts to examine the relationship between changes and volatility of China's RMB exchange rates and its agricultural export. A model is constructed to analyze the effect of RMB exchange rate movements on agricultural exports facing two constraints including China's particular exchange rate system and TBT / SPS in agricultural trade. The model reveals that the net trade effect of RMB exchange rate movements relies on the comparison of exchange rate level change (appreciation or depreciation) effect and exchange rate risk effect. Taking China’s agricultural exports to Japan as a case, this paper makes an empirical examination. A GARCH (1, 1) model is specified to measure the exchange rate volatility and ADL regression with structural break dummy variables is estimated based on the results of unit root test with structural break. The results show RMB depreciation against yen will promote export growth while appreciation hinder export, and exchange rate volatility positively stimulates agricultural exports to Japan. However, the effect of exchange rate volatility on the export is much smaller than that of exchange rate level, which leads to a negative net effect to the export. The policy implications among the empirical results are also discussed.
Fast growing double tearing modes in a tokamak plasma
Creators: name: Bierwage, Andreas
name: Benkadda, Sadruddin
name: Hamaguchi, Satoshi
name: Wakatani, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Configurations with nearby multiple resonant surfaces have broad spectra of linearly unstable coupled tearing modes with dominant high poloidal mode numbers m. This was recently shown for the case of multiple q = 1 resonances [Bierwage et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (6), 65001 (2005)]. In the present work, similar behavior is found for double tearing modes (DTM) on resonant surfaces with q >= 1. A detailed analysis of linear instability characteristics of DTMs with various mode numbers m is performed using numerical simulations. The mode structures and dispersion relations for linearly unstable modes are calculated. Comparisons between low- and higher-m modes are carried out, and the roles of the inter-resonance distance and of the magnetic Reynolds number S_Hp are investigated. High-m modes are found to be destabilized when the distance between the resonant surfaces is small. They dominate over low-m modes in a wide range of S_Hp, including regimes relevant for tokamak operation. These results may be readily applied to configurations with more than two resonant surfaces.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD POLICY TO COMBAT IRON DEFICIENCY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Bouis, Howarth E.
name: Bouis, Howarth E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Breeding for food-staple plant varieties that load high amounts of iron and zinc in their seeds holds great promise for making a significant, low-cost, and sustainable contribution to reducing iron and zinc deficiencies in humans in developing countries. This strategy also may well have important spinoff effects for increasing farm productivity in developing countries in an environmentally-beneficial way. Understanding how household incomes, food prices, and culturally-based preference patterns interact to drive food consumption and nutrient intake patterns can provide crucial background information for designing effective nutrition intervention programs. Research in both of these areas is being pursued under a five-year project organized by the International Food Policy Research Institute and implemented by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, with funding from the Office of Health and Nutrition of the United States Agency for International Development.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Entropy Evolution in $f(R,T)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Snehasish
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present article is devoted to constrain the model parameter $χ$ for the $f(R,T)= R + χT$ gravity model by employing the constraints coming from big bang nucleosynthesis. We solve the field equations and constrain $χ$ in the range $-0.14 κ^{2} \leq χ\leq 0.84 κ^{2}$ (where $κ^{2} = \frac{8 πG}{c^{4}}$) from the primordial abundances of light elements such as helium-4, deuterium and lithium-7. We found the abundances of helium-4 and deuterium agrees with theoretical predictions, however the lithium problem persists for the $f(R,T)$ gravity model. We also investigate the evolution of entropy for the constrained parameter space of $χ$ for the radiation and dust universe. We report that entropy is constant when $χ= 0$ for the radiation dominated universe, whereas for the dust universe, entropy increases with time. We finally use the constraints to show that $χ$ has negligible influence on the cold dark matter annihilation cross section.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, Accepted version at European Physical Journal Plus
Local Markets, Local Varieties: Rising Food Prices and Small Farmers' Access to Seed
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Cohen, Marc J.
name: Nagarajan, Latha
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Cohen, Marc J.
name: Nagarajan, Latha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: In-depth field research—undertaken by IFPRI with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and other partners in India, Kenya, and Mali—brings to light new evidence about farmers’ access to seed and the role of village markets in supplying it, with a focus on semi-arid environments.1 The findings point to several policy options aimed at improving the effectiveness of these markets, which can be crucial for reducing the potential negative impacts of high food prices. Such options might be considered in tandem with those recommended for more favorable environments, where seed systems already function more effectively. This brief introduces the issues that drove this research project, relevant concepts, and methods. The accompanying briefs present findings of specific country case studies.
A New Cataclysmic Variable in Hercules
Creators: name: Price, A.
name: Gary, B.
name: Bedient, J.
name: Cook, L.
name: Templeton, M.
name: Pullen, C.
name: Starkey, D.
name: Crawford, T.
name: Corlan, R.
name: Dvorak, S.
name: Graham, K.
name: Huziak, R.
name: James, R.
name: Messier, D.
name: Quinn, N.
name: Boyd, D.
name: Blackwell, J.
name: Walker, G.
name: Mattei, M.
name: Rodriguez, D.
name: Simonsen, M.
name: Henden, A.
name: Vanmunster, T.
name: Garnavich, P.
name: Pittichova, J.
name: Matheson, T.
name: Challis, P.
name: Kirshner, R. P.
name: Adams, E.
name: Harrison, T.
name: Koppelman, M. D.
name: Sarty, G. E.
name: Mais, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-series observations, spectra and archival outburst data of a newly-discovered variable star in Hercules, Var Her 04. Its orbital period, mass ratio, and outburst amplitude resemble those of the UGWZ-type subclass of UGSU dwarf novae. However, its supercycle and outburst light curve defy classification as a clear UGWZ. Var Her 04 is most similar to the small group of possible hydrogen-burning ``period bouncers'', dwarf novae that have passed beyond the period minimum and returned.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures. Data in paper available at http://www.aavso.org/data/download/ Accepted for publication in PASP Dec 2004
Additional file 2 of Clinical prediction models for the management of blunt chest trauma in the emergency department: a systematic review
Creators: name: Battle, Ceri
name: Cole, Elaine
name: Carter, Kym
name: Baker, Edward
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Linear nonsaturating magnetoresistance in the Nowotny chimney ladder compound Ru$_2$Sn$_3$
Creators: name: Wu, Beilun
name: Barrena, Víctor
name: Mompeán, Federico
name: García-Hernández, Mar
name: Suderow, Hermann
name: Guillamón, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present magnetoresistivity measurements in high-quality single crystals of the Nowotny chimney ladder compound Ru$_2$Sn$_3$. We find a linear and nonsaturating magnetoresistance up to 20 T. The magnetoresistance changes with the magnetic field orientation at small magnetic fields, from a positive to a negative curvature. Above 5 T, the magnetoresistance shows no sign of saturation up to 20 T for any measured angle. The shape of the anisotropy in the magnetoresistance remains when increasing temperature and Kohler's rule is obeyed. We associate the linear and nonsaturating magnetoresistance to a small Fermi surface with hot spots, possibly formed as a consequence of the structural transition. We discuss the relevance of electron-electron interactions under magnetic fields and aspects of the topologically nontrivial properties expected in Ru$_2$Sn$_3$.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Quantum Optical Communication in the presence of strong attenuation noise
Creators: name: Mele, Francesco Anna
name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Is quantum communication possible over an optical fibre with transmissivity $λ\leq 1/2$ ? The answer is well known to be negative if the environment with which the incoming signal interacts is initialised in a thermal state. However, in [PRL 125:110504, 2020] the quantum capacity was found to be always bounded away from zero for all $λ>0$, a phenomenon dubbed "die-hard quantum communication" (D-HQCOM), provided that the initial environment state can be chosen appropriately (depending on $λ$). Here we show an even stronger version of D-HQCOM in the context of entanglement-assisted classical communication: entanglement assistance and control of the environment enable communication with performance at least equal to that of the ideal case of absence of noise, even if $λ>0$ is arbitrarily small. These two phenomena of D-HQCOM have technological potential provided that we are able to control the environment. How can we achieve this? Our second main result answers this question. Here we provide a fully consistent protocol to activate the phenomena of D-HQCOM without directly accessing the environment state. This is done by sending over the channel "trigger signals", i.e. signals which do not encode information, prior to the actual communication, with the goal of modifying the environment in an advantageous way. This is possible thanks to the memory effects which arise when the sender feeds signals separated by a sufficiently short temporal interval. Our results may offer a concrete scheme to communicate across arbitrarily long optical fibres, without using quantum repeaters. As a by-product of our analysis, we derive a simple Kraus representation of the thermal attenuator exploiting the associated Lindblad master equation.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures. The present paper serves as the companion to the paper [F. A. Mele, L. Lami, and V. Giovannetti. Restoring quantum communication efficiency over high loss optical fibres. Preprint arXiv:2204.13128, 2022], by providing proofs of the results stated there and additional developments. In v3 minor typos have been fixed