cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ontario’s Climate Change Mitigation and Low Carbon Economy Act: Pious Aspirations or New Dawn?
Creators: name: Olawuyi, Damilola S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric carbon dioxide--Climatic factors
Greenhouse gases--Law and legislation
Climatic changes

description: The Government of Ontario has unveiled the underlying legal framework for its cap-and-trade program. Like the European Union Emissions Trading System, the proposed Act places a cap on carbon emissions and facilitates the trading of pollution allowances. The ultimate objectives of the Act are to reduce the emission of GHGs, while providing financial incentives to businesses. This article assesses the proposed Act with respect to the criteria of a robust capand trade system, including: effectiveness; comprehensiveness; transparency and fairness; and offset eligibility.
The Coastal Zone Management Act: A Mixed Success
Creators: name: Garten, Lindsay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Coastal zone management--Planning
Coastal zone management--Law and legislation
Ecosystem management
Natural resources—Management
Coastal zone management

description: Coastal zones in the United States are becoming overpopulated and underlying ecosystems are being degraded. The ecosystem services that coastal zones provide will be compromised if we follow the current management path. As the population in these areas increases, so too does the amount of non-point source pollution. Integrated coastal zone management programs are needed to address non-point source pollution. Coastal zones are also in peril due to the current projections of sea level rise caused by climate change. A precautionary approach, such as that employed in Australia and New Zealand, must be used to protect coastal zones from the effects of global warming. The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972 was created to preserve and protect coastal areas from pollution and overpopulation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the CZMA and the challenges it will face going forward.
A no-go for no-go theorems prohibiting cosmic acceleration in extra dimensional models
Creators: name: Koster, Rik
name: Postma, Marieke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A four-dimensional effective theory that arises as the low-energy limit of some extra-dimensional model is constrained by the higher dimensional Einstein equations. Steinhardt & Wesley use this to show that accelerated expansion in our four large dimensions can only be transient in a large class of Kaluza-Klein models that satisfy the (higher dimensional) null energy condition [1]. We point out that these no-go theorems are based on a rather ad-hoc assumption on the metric, without which no strong statements can be made.
description: 20 pages
Solid state NMR investigation of protein-based biomaterials. Resilin : an extremely efficient elastomeric protein
Creators: name: Reddin, Andrew L. C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were performed in order to investigate the microscopic properties of three resilin/resilin-like proteins: An16, rec1-resilin, and natural resilin in dragonfly tendons. Three different types of experiments were performed: measurements of chemical shifts in carbon-13 spectra, measurements of residual quadrupole couplings in deuterated water absorbed in the samples, and measurements of proton residual dipole couplings based on the buildup of multiple quantum coherences. The results suggest that the molecular chains in the materials tested are primarily randomly coiled and lacking in regular structure, and are able to easily change between many transient conformations. These conformations can vary significantly in terms of their structural characteristics, resulting in a broad distribution of localized dynamics. When stretched, An16 showed a slightly increased tendency to adopt beta-sheet secondary structure. The natural resilin also exhibited slightly more rigid structure than the other materials, which may be related to greater efficiency in the natural crosslinking process.
Spiral flows in cool-core galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Keshet, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that bulk spiral flows are ubiquitous in the cool cores (CCs) of clusters and groups of galaxies. Such flows are gauged by spiral features in the thermal and chemical properties of the intracluster medium, by the multi-phase properties of CCs, and by X-ray edges known as cold fronts. We analytically show that observations of piecewise-spiral fronts impose strong constraints on the CC, implying the presence of a cold, fast flow, which propagates below a hot, slow inflow, separated by a slowly rotating, trailing, quasi spiral, tangential discontinuity surface. This leads to the nearly logarithmic spiral pattern, two-phase plasma, ρ\sim r^{-1} density (or T \sim r^{0.4} temperature) radial profile, and ~100kpc size, characteristic of CCs. By advecting heat and mixing the gas, such flows can eliminate the cooling problem, provided that a feedback mechanism regulates the flow. In particular, we present a quasi-steady-state model for an accretion-quenched, composite flow, in which the fast phase is an outflow, regulated by active galactic nucleus bubbles, reproducing the observed low star formation rates and explaining some features of bubbles such as their R_b \propto r size. The simplest two-component model reproduces several key properties of CCs, so we propose that all such cores harbor a spiral flow. Our results can be tested directly in the next few years, for example by ASTRO-H.
description: Revised version to appear in the Astrophysical Journal
The Complementarity of Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Environmental Footprints in Urban Spaces: The Argument for ‘Hedonistic Sustainability’
Creators: name: Mohtadi, Tara Zarrin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Urbanization
Urbanization--Environmental aspects
Globalization
Globalization--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes

description: In recent decades, the phenomena of urbanization and globalization have transformed cities into agglomerations of technology, innovation, wealth and human capital. Cities have become spaces of high environmental destruction, and concurrently, frontrunner of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The urban landscape consists of a complex network of actors, requiring an integrative and adaptive approach to be taken when considering sustainability and environmental soundness. Much of the sustainability discourse focuses on functionality, sacrifice, and often, individual lifestyle changes. This paper seeks to challenge that perspective by proposing that a collectivistic approach with implications of prosperity can optimize urban adaptation, remediation, and expansion amidst the threat of climate change.
Alternative estimators for weak gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Vafaei, Sanaz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Weak gravitational lensing provides a means to measure the total mass in the Universe. The incoming light from distant galaxies is disturbed by the inhomogeneity of the dark matter distribution along the line of sight. The correlations of shape in an observed galaxy population can be used to probe the total mass density fluctuations in the Universe. Studies of correlations between galaxy shapes have been the basis of weak lensing research. In this thesis we investigate various non-conventional weak lensing statistics that are complementary to the traditional two-point shear correlation functions. The goal is to constrain the matter density Ωm and normalization of matter power spectrum σ₈ parameters. These higher order statistics have long been advocated as a powerful tool to break measured degeneracies between cosmological parameters. Using ray-tracing simulations, which incorporate important survey features such as a realistic depth-dependent redshift distribution, we find that joint two- and three-point correlation function analysis is a much stronger probe of cosmology than the two-point analysis alone. We apply the higher order statistics technique to the 160 deg² of the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and show preliminary results from the joint two- and three-point likelihood analysis. We reveal the possibilities that lie in the projected mass probability distribution function to discriminate models with different values of the matter density parameter. In the process we develop a hybrid data set based on the simulations and the CFHTLenS data for systematics testing and covariance matrix estimations. Our error analysis includes all non-Gaussian terms, finding that the coupling between cosmic variance and shot noise is a non-negligible contribution.
title: Georg August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Georg August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
A unified variational eigen-erosion framework for interacting brittle fractures and compaction bands in fluid-infiltrating porous media
Creators: name: Wang, Kun
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soil mechanics
subject: Soil porosity
subject: Brittleness
subject: Porous materials
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The onset and propagation of the cracks and compaction bands, and the interactions between them in the host matrix, are important for numerous engineering applications, such as hydraulic fracture and CO2 storage. While crack may become flow conduit that leads to leakage, formation of compaction band often accompanies significant porosity reduction that prevents fluid to flow through. The objective of this paper is to present a new unified framework that predicts both the onset, propagation and interactions among cracks and compaction bands via an eigen-deformation approach. By extending the generalized Griffith’s theory, we formulate a unified nonlocal scheme that is capable to predict the fluid-driven fracture and compression-driven anti-crack growth while incorporating the cubic law to replicate the induced anisotropic permeability changes triggered by crack and anti-crack growth. A set of numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed model.
title: Georg Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Georg Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Georg Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Georg Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Zacharias Gerbrandt
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Zacharias Gerbrandt as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Gian Gastone de’ Medici
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gian Gastone de’ Medici as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Additional file 1 of Assessment of plasmids for relating the 2020 Salmonella enterica serovar Newport onion outbreak to farms implicated by the outbreak investigation
Creators: name: Commichaux, Seth
name: Rand, Hugh
name: Javkar, Kiran
name: Molloy, Erin K.
name: Pettengill, James B.
name: Pightling, Arthur
name: Hoffmann, Maria
name: Pop, Mihai
name: Jayeola, Victor
name: Foley, Steven
name: Luo, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary File 1. Is an excel spreadsheet containing all of the NCBI SRA accessions of the clinical, farm, and environmental isolates used for our analysis. Each category of isolate (i.e., clinical, farm, and environmental) is specified in the columns as well as if it was short read or long read sequenced. Supplementary Figure 1. IncI1-I(gamma) plasmid hierarchically clustered tree and gene presence/absence matrix. The tree and gene presence/absence matrix were generated by Roary and were visualized with Phandango. Supplementary Figure 2. Col440I plasmid mutation graph using the clinical plasmid as the reference. For example, A1922 means a plasmid was identical to the clinical plasmid except a mutation to A at loci 1922. The graph was built using the multiple sequence alignment of the plasmids (2,699 bp) which had 2,696 invariant sites. This graph shows mutational differences and does not necessarily represent phylogenetic relationships. Supplementary Figure 3. ColpVC plasmid mutation graph using the clinical plasmid as the reference. For example, G1403 means a plasmid was identical to the clinical plasmid except a mutation to G at loci 1403 (a “-“ mutation indicates a deletion). The graph was built using the multiple sequence alignment of the plasmids (2,258 bp) which had 2,237 invariant sites. This graph shows mutational differences and does not necessarily represent phylogenetic relationships. Supplementary Figure 4. The IncFII(S) plasmid mutation graph using the clinical plasmid as the reference. The mutation graph was built from the multiple sequence alignment of the 41 concatenated core genes (30,741 bp) which had 29,882 invariant sites. For example, C8713 indicates a plasmid was identical to the clinical plasmid except for a mutation to C at loci 8713 (a “-“ mutation indicates a deletion). This graph shows mutational differences and does not necessarily represent phylogenetic relationships. Supplementary Table 1. Summary of the plasmid types, with highly similar instances, observed in both the clinical and farm isolates that were used for statistical analysis. The uncharacterized plasmid was not used because all instances could not be identified in the clinical isolates. Two of the IncI1-I(Gamma) plasmids were not considered highly similar for this analysis because they did not fall into the same subclade as the farm instances.
title: Johann Konrad Schwartz
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Konrad Schwartz as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
The integrated Sachs-Wolfe imprints of cosmic superstructures: a problem for ΛCDM
Creators: name: Nadathur, Seshadri
name: Hotchkiss, Shaun
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial diagnostic of the ΛCDM cosmological model is the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect of large-scale structure on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The ISW imprint of superstructures of size \sim100\;h^{-1} Mpc at redshift $z\sim0.5$ has been detected with $>4σ$ significance, however it has been noted that the signal is much larger than expected. We revisit the calculation using linear theory predictions in ΛCDM cosmology for the number density of superstructures and their radial density profile, and take possible selection effects into account. While our expected signal is larger than previous estimates, it is still inconsistent by $>3σ$ with the observation. If the observed signal is indeed due to the ISW effect then huge, extremely underdense voids are far more common in the observed universe than predicted by ΛCDM.
description: 3 figures. v3: minor additions for clearer explanations, conclusions unchanged. Version to be published in JCAP
title: Christian Gottlieb Schwarz
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Christian Gottlieb Schwarz as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Soft Graviton effects on Gauge theories in de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Kitamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kitazawa, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our investigation of soft graviton effects on the microscopic dynamics of matter fields in de Sitter space. We evaluate the quantum equation of motion in generic gauge theories. We find that the Lorentz invariance can be respected and the velocity of light is not renormalized at the one-loop level. The gauge coupling constant is universally screened by soft gravitons and diminishes with time. These features are in common with other four dimensional field theories with dimensionless couplings. In particular the couplings scale with time with definite scaling exponents. Although individual scaling exponents are gauge dependent, we argue that the relative scaling exponents are gauge independent and should be observable. We also mention soft graviton effects on cosmic microwave background.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1203.0391, arXiv:1211.3878
Macroscopic Electromagnetic Response of Arbitrarily Shaped Spatially Dispersive Bodies formed by Metallic Wires
Creators: name: Costa, João T.
name: Silveirinha, Mário G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In media with strong spatial dispersion the electric displacement vector and the electric field are typically linked by a partial differential equation in the bulk region. The objective of this work is to highlight that in the vicinity of an interface the relation between the macroscopic fields cannot be univocally determined from the bulk response of the involved materials, but requires instead the knowledge of internal degrees of freedom of the materials. We derive such relation for the particular case of "wire media", and describe a numerical formalism that enables characterizing the electromagnetic response of arbitrarily shaped spatially dispersive bodies formed by arrays of crossed wires. The possibility of concentrating the electromagnetic field in a narrow spot by tapering a metamaterial waveguide is discussed.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures
title: Schwarze (Frau)
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Schwarze (Frau) as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
“Forever Children” and Autonomous Citizens: Comparing the Deinstitutionalizations of Psychiatric Patients and Developmentally Disabled Individuals in the United States
Creators: name: Bagnall, Adrianna Marie
name: Eyal, Gil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Deinstitutionalization
subject: Mentally ill--Deinstitutionalization
subject: People with mental disabilities--Deinstitutionalization
subject: Developmentally disabled--Deinstitutionalization
subject: People with disabilities--Deinstitutionalization
subject: Psychiatric hospital patients
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Purpose
We compare the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients and the developmentally disabled in the United States and demonstrate that there were two path-dependent processes with significant qualitative and quantitative differences, ultimately leading to better outcomes for developmentally disabled individuals.

Design
Using secondary literature, we construct a sustained comparison of the two processes in terms of outcomes, timing, tempo, extent, funding, demographic composition, and investment in community services. We then reconstruct the strategies of de-stigmatization and framings of moral worth deployed in the two cases, analyzing their effects on deinstitutionalization in terms of conceptions of risk, rights, and care.

Findings
Deinstitutionalization began later for developmentally disabled individuals than for psychiatric patients, and was a more gradual, protracted process. It was not driven by fiscal conservatism, discharges, and the trans-institutionalization of the senile aged, as was deinstitutionalization for psychiatric patients, but primarily by the prevention of institutionalization of young children, and increased investment in infrastructure. Consequently, the deinstitutionalization of the developmentally disabled was far more thorough and successful. The process was shaped by the framing of the developmentally disabled as “forever children” by parents’ organizations that demanded a balance between autonomy, protection, and the provision of care. In contrast, the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients was shaped by their framing as autonomous citizens temporarily suffering from “mental health problems” that could be prevented, treated, and cured. This frame foregrounded the right to choose (and also refuse) treatment, while undervaluing the provision of care.
U(1) Instantons on AdS_4 and the Uplift to Exact Supergravity Solutions
Creators: name: Imaanpur, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider self-duality equation of U(1) gauge fields on Euclidean AdS_4 space, and find a simple finite action solution. With a suitable ansatz, we are able to embed this solution into the 10d supergravity background of AdS_4\times CP^3. Further, we show that the solution can be uplifted to an exact solution in 11d supergravity background of AdS_4\times SE_7.
description: 12 pages, a comment on boundary conditions and refs. added
title: Johann Eberhard Schweling
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Eberhard Schweling as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really Mattered
Creators: name: Porter, John R.
name: Smith, Pete
name: Howden, Mark
name: Stokholm, Michaela Schiller
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Globalization--Economic aspects
Greenhouse gases--Economic aspects
Climatic changes--Economic aspects
Economic development--Environmental aspects
Sustainable development--Economic aspects
Sustainable development
Climatic changes
Economics

description: The current paradigm of global economics with exponential and continuous economic growth is unsustainable as far as Earth system ecology is concerned. To support the Earth system and boost sustainable development, a functional and operational linkage between global ecology and economics should be established – which we term ‘carbonomics’. The simple basis of ‘carbonomics’ is that the more fossil and non-fossil carbon one has as stocks, and not flows, of carbon, the richer one is. This opinion piece makes some suggestions about how we might establish such a balanced relationship.
title: Johann Sigismund Schwenck
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Sigismund Schwenck as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Search for the Higgs boson in the H->WW(*)->lvlv decay channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the Higgs boson has been performed in the H->WW->lvlv channel (l=e/mu) with an integrated luminosity of 2.05/fb of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of events over the expected background is observed and limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are derived for a Higgs boson mass in the range 110
description: 6 pages plus author list (19 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, matches Physical Review Letters version
Risk, Resilience, and Sustainability: How Governance in Zimbabwe Countervails this Nexus
Creators: name: Shumba, Dorcas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Sustainable development--Government policy
Risk management
Sustainable development--Political aspects
Sustainable development

description: This paper supports the view that there is a strong correlation between risk, resilience, and sustainability and that governance has a bearing on the outcome of each of these concepts. This is to suggest that, when the nexus is unstable, there is a greater chance that poor governance will be at play and vice versa. To demonstrate this premise using evidence from Zimbabwe, the paper embarks on a socio-historical analysis of the style of governance taken by the country from its independence in 1980 till the present day, highlighting how this may have played a major role towards heightening situations of risk, decreasing the resilience of the people, subsequently stalling sustainability. The ideas conveyed in this paper will help strengthen the vision for good governance that was set by the UN as part of the post 2015 development agenda.
title: Madeleine de Scudéry
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Madeleine de Scudéry as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Designing and Implementing Weather Generators as Web Services
Creators: name: Chinnachodteeranun, Rassarin
name: Hung, Nguyen Duy
name: Honda, Kiyoshi
name: Ines, Amor Valeriano M.
name: Han, Eun Jin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climatology
Crops and climate
Internet
Crops--Growth--Simulation methods
Atmosphere
Agriculture
Climatic changes

description: Climate and weather realizations are essential inputs for simulating crop growth and yields to analyze the risks associated with future conditions. To simplify the procedure of generating weather realizations and make them available over the Internet, we implemented novel mechanisms for providing weather generators as web services, as well as a mechanism for sharing identical weather realizations given a climatological information. A web service for preparing long-term climate data was implemented based on an international standard, Sensor Observation Service (SOS). The weather generator services, which are the core components of the framework, analyze climatological data, and can take seasonal climate forecasts as inputs for generating weather realizations. The generated weather realizations are encoded in a standard format, which are ready for use to crop modeling. All outputs are generated in SOS standard, which broadens the extent of data sharing and interoperability with other sectoral applications, e.g., water resources management. These services facilitate the development of other applications requiring input weather realizations, as these can be obtained easily by just calling the service. The workload of analysts related to data preparation and handling of legacy weather generator programs can be reduced. The architectural design and implementation presented here can be used as a prototype for constructing further services on top of an interoperable sensor network system.
A prediction of neutrino mixing matrix with CP violating phase
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyi
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest experimental progress have established three kinds of neutrino oscillations with three mixing angles measured to rather high precision. There is still one parameter, i.e., the CP violating phase, missing in the neutrino mixing matrix. It is shown that a replay between different parametrizations of the mixing matrix can determine the full neutrino mixing matrix together with the CP violating phase. From the maximal CP violation observed in the original Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) scheme of quark mixing matrix, we make an Ansatz of maximal CP violation in the neutrino mixing matrix. This leads to the prediction of all nine elements of the neutrino mixing matrix and also a remarkable prediction of the CP violating phase $δ_{\rm CK}=(85.48^{+4.67(+12.87)}_{-1.80(-4.90)})^\circ$ within $1σ(3σ)$ range from available experimental information. We also predict the three angles of the unitarity triangle corresponding to the quark sector for confronting with the CP-violation related measurements.
description: 9 pages. Version accepted for publication in PLB, with methods for CP-violating phase measurements discussed
Looking back to see forward — Rediscovering Saussure
Creators: name: Carrasco, William J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Linguistics--Study and teaching
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Ferdinand de Saussure’s influence on cultural sciences in the 20th century is undeniable, but today it has become all too easy to overlook his importance for the future of linguistics. Saussure is still often cited as a ‘father of modern linguistics’, and yet his methodology is conspicuously absent from most linguistic practices today. In many linguistic textbooks, for example, some of his key notions are introduced briefly at the beginning, never to be heard of again. Sometimes he is discussed just long enough to establish that he has been surpassed by more ‘dynamic’ theories of language. Despite all this, a good number of linguists today are beginning to wonder if we are only just catching up to Saussure. This is a question that deserves to be asked on the 100th anniversary of the publication of his Course in General Linguistics.
Lending to Unhealthy Firms in Japan During the Lost Decade: Distinguishing between Technical and Financial Health
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Suparna
name: Peek, Joe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Loans
Financial crises
Industrial productivity
Finance
Economics

description: We investigate the misallocation of credit in Japan associated with banks’ evergreening loans, distinguishing between two types of firm distress: (perhaps temporary) financial distress and technical distress, which reflects weak operational capabilities, as indicated by low total factor productivity. We show that previous evidence related to firms’ financial health is problematic due to the mixing of loan‐demand and loan‐supply effects. Using a direct measure of operational health, we provide unambiguous, direct evidence of evergreening behavior, as well as confirming evidence based on the relative impacts on subsequent firm viability of loans by bank types with different incentives to evergreen loans.
Generalization of Bertrand's theorem to surfaces of revolution
Creators: name: Fedoseev, Denis A.
name: Kudryavtseva, Elena A.
name: Zagryadsky, Oleg A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70B05, 70H12, 70F17, 70H33, 70H06, 53A35, 53A20

description: The generalization of Bertrand's theorem to abstract surfaces of revolution without "equators" is proved. We prove a criterion for the existence on such a surface of exactly two central potentials (up to an additive and a multiplicative constants) all of whose bounded nonsingular orbits are closed and which admit a bounded nonsingular noncircular orbit. A criterion for the existence of a unique such potential is proved. The geometry and classification of the corresponding surfaces are described, with indicating either the pair of gravitational and oscillator) potentials or the unique (oscillator) potential. The absence of the required potentials on any surface which does not meet the above criteria is proved.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures, in Russian
Sustaining Investment in Innovation in Oil Rich Gulf Countries Amidst Falling Oil Prices
Creators: name: Al-Sabah, Meshaal Jaber Al-Ahmad
name: Palliam, Ralph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Oil industries
Oil industries--Political aspects
Oil industries--Environmental aspects
Sustainable development--Economic aspects
Sustainable development
Natural resources—Management

description: Oil rich Gulf Countries have identified all forms of sustainability as key drivers of innovation. Therefore innovating for sustainability is critical for an economy’s political legitimacy, socio-economic reputation, and ecological performance. Sustaining investment in innovation requires an understanding of returns or payoffs accruing to an investment in innovation. Sustainable development is fraught with challenges particularly when an economy’s growth is linked to a single resource. Research and development together with productivity growth rates have become innovation indicators and continue to raise questions about their interpretation and implication. In resource-laden rich countries the challenge is further exacerbated by inflows accruing from benevolent government subsidies. This empirical study reviews the variables for policy formulation associated with innovation in the six resource-rich oil countries of the Gulf and considers its determinants. Negative relationships between resource abundance and poor economic performance have often been empirically established, providing support for the “resource curse” hypothesis.  The culture of governance, norms, and values that pervade oil-rich countries become key determinants of their economic success.  The primary purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with sustainable innovation in the Gulf and to address the concerns related to the governance of resources that necessitate further innovation.
A Reverberation Lag for the High-Ionization Component of the Broad Line Region in the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Mrk 335
Creators: name: Grier, C. J.
name: Peterson, B. M.
name: Pogge, R. W.
name: Denney, K. D.
name: Bentz, M. C.
name: Martini, Paul
name: Sergeev, S. G.
name: Kaspi, S.
name: Zu, Y.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Salvo, C. Araya
name: Beatty, T. G.
name: Bird, J. C.
name: Bord, D. J.
name: Borman, G. A.
name: Che, X.
name: Chen, C.
name: Cohen, S. A.
name: Dietrich, M.
name: Doroshenko, V. T.
name: Efimov, Yu. S.
name: Free, N.
name: Ginsburg, I.
name: Henderson, C. B.
name: Horne, Keith
name: King, A. L.
name: Mogren, K.
name: Molina, M.
name: Mosquera, A. M.
name: Nazarov, S. V.
name: Okhmat, D. N.
name: Pejcha, O.
name: Rafter, S.
name: Shields, J. C.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Szczygiel, D. M.
name: Valluri, M.
name: van Saders, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from a detailed analysis of photometric and spectrophotometric data on the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335, collected over a 120-day span in the fall of 2010. From these data we measure the lag in the He II 4686 broad emission line relative to the optical continuum to be 2.7 \pm 0.6 days and the lag in the Hβ4861 broad emission line to be 13.9 \pm 0.9 days. Combined with the line width, the He II lag yields a black hole mass, MBH = (2.6 \pm 0.8)\times 10^7 Msun. This measurement is consistent with measurements made using the Hβ4861 line, suggesting that the He II emission originates in the same region as Hβ, but at a much smaller radius. This constitutes the first robust lag measurement for a high-ionization line in a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. For a brief video explaining the key results of this paper, see http://www.youtube.com/user/OSUAstronomy#p/a/u/0/Z2UCxQG5iOo
European Court of Human Rights and national Courts: the case of Nagoya Protocol, vegetable patents granted under the Regulation (EU) n. 511/2014
Creators: name: Colcelli, Valentina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: The paper aims to demonstrate the existence in Europe area, the reciprocal influence among legal systems through cooperation among the national and supranational Courts. For the purpose of this paper, having access to remedies provided by European Court of Human rights (ECtHR), which covers the circulation of juridical models among the legal systems of States, it is central. The national Courts are influenced by the European Court of Human rights (ECtHR), which obliges Member States to guarantee the protection of individuals’ fundamental rights. The application of the Nagoya protocol in the European Union it’s one of the examples of reciprocal influence above mentioned. It is somewhere able to reverse the traditional Civil law “ubi jus ibi remedium” and creating a Continental version of “ubi remedium ibi jus”. 
Supplementary document for Tunable and Polarization-Insensitive Fan-like Metamaterial Absorber in the Visible Spectrum - 5263320.pdf
Creators: name: Issah, Ibrahim
name: Li, Fangfang
name: Baah, Marian
name: Otoo, Isaac
name: Asilevi, Lewis
name: Bawuah, Prince
name: Asamoah, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary document
Business and Society: Determinants and Experiences of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Zimbabwean Extractive Industries from 2000-2015
Creators: name: Mathende, Takudzwa Leonard
name: Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Mineral industries--Finance
Mineral industries--Management
Social responsibility of business
Sustainable development
Climatic changes
Natural resources—Management

description: Although a considerable Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) knowledge base exists in Zimbabwe, there have been no comprehensive studies on CSR determinants and community CSR in Zimbabwe since 2000. This article explores the dominant narratives in CSR literature that have contributed to continuous debates in related academia, businesses, and society. Zimbabwe is resource rich, but the majority of the population is still living in abject poverty. Some have questioned whether this is indicative of a Zimbabwean resource curse. Many Zimbabweans believe that the companies benefitting from these resources should finance social programs in the country (NewsDay, 2012). This belief is a result of fiscal challenges that the government of Zimbabwe is grappling with. The article concludes by recommending pathways for sustainable CSR implantation.
The impact of international trade agreements on health : patent system harmonization and medicines in Mexico
Creators: name: Warren, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Patent system harmonization obligations found within international trade agreements have been subject to intense scrutiny over the past two decades due to the potential negative implications for public health in developing countries. In 1994, NAFTA became the first trade agreement to include patent system harmonization obligations. Mexico as a signatory to NAFTA was the first developing country to adopt the patent system of developed countries via patent system harmonization. This makes Mexico a particularly relevant case study on the subject. The central research question addressed in this dissertation is: Does NAFTA patent system harmonization promote access to medicines in Mexico, while incentivizing pharmaceutical R&D? This dissertation undertakes a comparative legal analysis, a scoping study, and qualitative stakeholder analysis to address the central research question. Evidence is provided that compulsory licensing as a safeguard is inadequate as a downstream measure in the promotion of access. A key finding is that international trade agreements should be drafted with optimal pharmaceutical patent protection standards in mind. Further, patent system harmonization results in a net health benefit that can be maximized through the provision of feedback evidence to decision-makers in order to develop responsive laws and policy. This dissertation proposes that: if we reform the granting of patent terms from a fixed twenty year life period to a flexible and adjustable term determined through an assessment of health and economic conditions that exist during any given time period, we will improve both global equity in access to medicines and reduce economic inefficiencies in our current model for pharmaceutical R&D, while maintaining adequate incentives to conduct pharmaceutical R&D. The proposed reform is akin to the use of interest rates as an economic growth and stabilization tool in monetary policy. It would require government patent offices to analyze global conditions in pharmaceutical access and R&D, and accordingly adjust the number of years of patent protection awarded. This novel contribution to the academic literature informs Canadian, Mexican, and developing country decision makers on how to design appropriate policy for the benefit of public health.
Tunneling-induced renormalization in interacting quantum dots
Creators: name: Splettstoesser, Janine
name: Governale, Michele
name: König, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze tunneling-induced quantum fluctuations in a single-level quantum dot with arbitrarily strong onsite Coulomb interaction, generating cotunneling processes and renormalizing system parameters. For a perturbative analysis of these quantum fluctuations, we remove off-shell parts of the Hamiltonian via a canonical transformation. We find that the tunnel couplings for the transitions connecting empty and single occupation and connecting single and double occupation of the dot renormalize with the same magnitude but with opposite signs. This has an important impact on the shape of the renormalization extracted for example from the conductance. Finally, we verify the compatibility of our results with a systematic second-order perturbation expansion of the linear conductance performed within a diagrammatic real-time approach.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, published version
SUSY breaking scales in the gauge-Higgs unification
Creators: name: Hatanaka, Hisaki
name: Hosotani, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the $SO(5) \times U(1)$ gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped space the Higgs boson naturally becomes stable. The model is consistent with the current collider signatures only for a large warp factor $z_L > 10^{15}$ of the RS space. In order for stable Higgs bosons to explain the dark matter of the Universe the Higgs boson must have a mass $m_h = 70 \sim 75$ GeV, which can be obtained in the non-SUSY model with $z_L \sim 10^5$. We show that this discrepancy is resolved in supersymmetric gauge-Higgs unification where a stop mass is about $300 \sim 320 $GeV and gauginos in the electroweak sector are light.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. A few remarks are added
Nucleon distribution in nuclei beyond β-stability line
Creators: name: Kolomietz, V. M.
name: Lukyanov, S. V.
name: Sanzhur, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radii of nucleon distribution, bulk density, and neutron skin in nuclei beyond the β-stability line are studied within the direct variational method. We evaluate the partial equation of state of finite nuclei and demonstrate that the bulk density decreases beyond the beta stability line. We show that the growth of the neutron skin in unstable nuclei does not obey the saturation condition because of the polarization effect. The value of the neutron-skin thickness Δr_{np}=\sqrt{}-\sqrt{} is caused by the different radii (skin effect) and only slightly by the different shapes (halo effect) of neutron and proton distributions. The relative contribution of both effects depends on the competition between the symmetry energy, and the spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions. The calculations of the isovector shift of the nuclear radius Δr_{np} show its primarily linear dependence on the asymmetry parameter X=(N-Z)/A.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, published in Phys. Rev. C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1010.5103
Lifting the Gribov ambiguity in Yang-Mills theories
Creators: name: Serreau, Julien
name: Tissier, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new one-parameter family of Landau gauges for Yang-Mills theories which can be formulated by means of functional integral methods and are thus well suited for analytic calculations, but which are free of Gribov ambiguities and avoid the Neuberger zero problem of the standard Faddeev-Popov construction. The resulting gauge-fixed theory is perturbatively renormalizable in four dimensions and, for what concerns the calculation of ghost and gauge field correlators, it reduces to a massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov action. We study the renormalization group flow of this theory at one-loop and show that it has no Landau pole in the infrared for some - including physically relevant - range of values of the renormalized parameters.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; published version (PLB), minor corrections, references added