cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining nonperturbative strong-field effects in scalar-tensor gravity by combining pulsar timing and laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Shao, Lijing
name: Sennett, Noah
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Wex, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing and gravitational-wave (GW) detectors are superb laboratories to study gravity theories in the strong-field regime. Here we combine those tools to test the mono-scalar-tensor theory of Damour and Esposito-Far{è}se (DEF), which predicts nonperturbative scalarization phenomena for neutron stars (NSs). First, applying Markov-chain Monte Carlo techniques, we use the absence of dipolar radiation in the pulsar-timing observations of five binary systems composed of a NS and a white dwarf, and eleven equations of state (EOSs) for NSs, to derive the most stringent constraints on the two free parameters of the DEF scalar-tensor theory. Since the binary-pulsar bounds depend on the NS mass and the EOS, we find that current pulsar-timing observations leave scalarization windows, i.e., regions of parameter space where scalarization can still be prominent. Then, we investigate if these scalarization windows could be closed and if pulsar-timing constraints could be improved by laser-interferometer GW detectors, when spontaneous (or dynamical) scalarization sets in during the early (or late) stages of a binary NS (BNS) evolution. For the early inspiral of a BNS carrying constant scalar charge, we employ a Fisher matrix analysis to show that Advanced LIGO can improve pulsar-timing constraints for some EOSs, and next-generation detectors, such as the Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, will be able to improve those bounds for all eleven EOSs. Using the late inspiral of a BNS, we estimate that for some of the EOSs under consideration the onset of dynamical scalarization can happen early enough to improve the constraints on the DEF parameters obtained by combining the five binary pulsars. Thus, in the near future the complementarity of pulsar timing and direct observations of GWs on the ground will be extremely valuable in probing gravity theories in the strong-field regime.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures; accepted by Physical Review X
Electromagnetic properties of impure superconductors with pair-breaking processes
Creators: name: Herman, František
name: Hlubina, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a generic model has been proposed for the single-particle properties of gapless superconductors with simultaneously present pair-conserving and pair-breaking impurity scattering (the so-called Dynes superconductors). Here we calculate the optical conductivity of the Dynes superconductors. Our approach is applicable for all disorder strengths from the clean up to the dirty limit and for all relative ratios of the two types of scattering, nevertheless the complexity of our description is equivalent to that of the widely used Mattis-Bardeen theory. We identify two optical fingerprints of the Dynes superconductors: (i) the presence of two absorption edges and (ii) a finite absorption at vanishing frequencies even at the lowest temperatures. We demonstrate that the recent anomalous optical data on thin MoN films can be reasonably fitted by our theory.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, references added, explanation added, typos removed, results unchanged, sent to PRB
ICON: an adaptation of infinite HMMs for time traces with drift
Creators: name: Sgouralis, Ioannis
name: Presse, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian nonparametric methods have recently transformed emerging areas within data science. One such promising method, the infinite hidden Markov model (iHMM), generalizes the HMM which itself has become a workhorse in single molecule data analysis. The iHMM goes beyond the HMM by self-consistently learning all parameters learned by the HMM in addition to learning the number of states without recourse to any model selection steps. Despite its generality, simple features (such as drift), common to single molecule time traces, result in an over-interpretation of drift and the introduction of artifact states. Here we present an adaptation of the iHMM that can treat data with drift originating from one or many traces (e.g. FRET). Our fully Bayesian method couples the iHMM to a continuous control process (drift) self-consistently learned while learning all other quantities determined by the iHMM (including state numbers). A key advantage of this method is that all traces -regardless of drift or states visited across traces- may now be treated on an equal footing thereby eliminating user-dependent trace selection (based on drift levels), pre-processing to remove drift and post-processing model selection on state number.
Investigating the Quality of DermaMNIST and Fitzpatrick17k Dermatological Image Datasets
Creators: name: Abhishek, Kumar
name: Jain, Aditi
name: Hamarneh, Ghassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The remarkable progress of deep learning in dermatological tasks has brought us closer to achieving diagnostic accuracies comparable to those of human experts. However, while large datasets play a crucial role in the development of reliable deep neural network models, the quality of data therein and their correct usage are of paramount importance. Several factors can impact data quality, such as the presence of duplicates, data leakage across train-test partitions, mislabeled images, and the absence of a well-defined test partition. In this paper, we conduct meticulous analyses of three popular dermatological image datasets: DermaMNIST, its source HAM10000, and Fitzpatrick17k, uncovering these data quality issues, measure the effects of these problems on the benchmark results, and propose corrections to the datasets. Besides ensuring the reproducibility of our analysis, by making our analysis pipeline and the accompanying code publicly available, we aim to encourage similar explorations and to facilitate the identification and addressing of potential data quality issues in other large datasets.
description: 41 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables
title: Die Stadt als Gebrauchswert aus den neuesten Tendenzen des wissenschaftlich-technischen Fortschritts
Creators: name: Queißer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Stadtplanung
subject: Fortschritt
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 73
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 73
2D Seiberg-like dualities with an adjoint matter
Creators: name: Cho, Kyoungho
name: Kim, Hyungchul
name: Park, Jaemo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the analogue of Kutasov-Schwimmer-Seiberg duality for two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ $U(k)$ gauge theory with one adjoint $X$ with the superpotential $\Tr X^{l+1}$ and with fundamental and anti-fundamantal chiral multiplets. We give the evidences for the proposed dualities by analytically proving that the elliptic genus of dual pair coincides with each other. For some of the dual pairs flowing to the superconformal field theory, we show the nonperturbative truncation of the chiral ring. For the theory with one adjoint and $N_f >k$ fundamentals, we argue the theory exhibits mass gap.
description: 31 pages; references added and typos corrected, contents expanded
Exploratory Lattice QCD Study of the Rare Kaon Decay $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$
Creators: name: Bai, Ziyuan
name: Christ, Norman H.
name: Feng, Xu
name: Lawson, Andrew
name: Portelli, Antonin
name: Sachrajda, Christopher T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first, complete lattice QCD calculation of the long-distance contribution to the $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ decay within the standard model. This is a second-order weak process involving two four-Fermi operators that is highly sensitive to new physics and being studied by the NA62 experiment at CERN. While much of this decay comes from perturbative, short-distance physics there is a long-distance part, perhaps as large as the planned experimental error, which involves nonperturbative phenomena. The calculation presented here, with unphysical quark masses, demonstrates that this contribution can be computed using lattice methods by overcoming three technical difficulties: (i) a short-distance divergence that results when the two weak operators approach each other, (ii) exponentially growing, unphysical terms that appear in Euclidean, second-order perturbation theory, and (iii) potentially large finite-volume effects. A follow-on calculation with physical quark masses and controlled systematic errors will be possible with the next generation of computers.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; v2, version accepted for publication in PRL
Hydrodynamic turbulence in quasi-Keplerian rotating flows
Creators: name: Shi, Liang
name: Hof, Bjoern
name: Rampp, Markus
name: Avila, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a direct-numerical-simulation study of Taylor-Couette flow in the quasi-Keplerian regime at shear Reynolds numbers up to $\mathcal{O}(10^5)$. Quasi-Keplerian rotating flow has been investigated for decades as a simplified model system to study the origin of turbulence in accretion disks that is not fully understood. The flow in this study is axially periodic and thus the experimental end-wall effects on the stability of the flow are avoided. Using optimal linear perturbations as initial conditions, our simulations find no sustained turbulence: the strong initial perturbations distort the velocity profile and trigger turbulence that eventually decays.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
The dynamics of the Reddit collective action leading to the GameStop short squeeze
Creators: name: Desiderio, Antonio
name: Aiello, Luca Maria
name: Cimini, Giulio
name: Alessandretti, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In early 2021, the stock prices of GameStop, AMC, Nokia and BlackBerry experienced dramatic increases, triggered by short-squeeze operations that have been largely attributed to Reddit's retail investors. Here, we shed light on the extent and timing of Reddit users' influence on the GameStop short squeeze. Using statistical analysis tools with high temporal resolution, we find that increasing Reddit discussions anticipated high trading volumes. This effect emerged abruptly a few weeks before the event but waned once the community gained widespread visibility through Twitter. Meanwhile, the collective investment of the community quantified through posts of individual positions, closely mirrored the market capitalization of the stock. This evidence suggests a coordinated action of users in developing a shared financial strategy through social media--targeting GameStop first and other stocks afterward. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the role of Reddit users in the dynamics of the GameStop short squeeze.
description: 49 pages
0.5 Petabyte Simulation of a 45-Qubit Quantum Circuit
Creators: name: Häner, Thomas
name: Steiger, Damian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Near-term quantum computers will soon reach sizes that are challenging to directly simulate, even when employing the most powerful supercomputers. Yet, the ability to simulate these early devices using classical computers is crucial for calibration, validation, and benchmarking. In order to make use of the full potential of systems featuring multi- and many-core processors, we use automatic code generation and optimization of compute kernels, which also enables performance portability. We apply a scheduling algorithm to quantum supremacy circuits in order to reduce the required communication and simulate a 45-qubit circuit on the Cori II supercomputer using 8,192 nodes and 0.5 petabytes of memory. To our knowledge, this constitutes the largest quantum circuit simulation to this date. Our highly-tuned kernels in combination with the reduced communication requirements allow an improvement in time-to-solution over state-of-the-art simulations by more than an order of magnitude at every scale.
title: Peer Effects Heterogeneity and Social Networks in Education
Creators: name: Shkoza, Livia
name: Uysal, Derya
name: Pohlmeier, Winfried
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: This study focuses on the role of heterogeneity in network peer effects by accounting for network-specific factors and different driving mechanisms of peer behavior. We propose a novel Multivariate Instrumental Variable (MVIV) estimator which is consistent for a large number of networks keeping the individual network size bounded. We apply this approach to estimate peer effects on school achievement exploiting the network structure of friendships within classrooms. The empirical evidence presented is based on a unique network dataset from German upper secondary schools. We show that accounting for heterogeneity is not only crucial from a statistical perspective, but also yields new structural insights into how class size and gender composition affect school achievement through peer behavior.
Operator Dimension Parity Fractionalization
Creators: name: Murphy, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz invariant quantum field theories (QFTs) with fermions in four spacetime dimensions (4D) have a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry provided there exists a basis of operators in the QFT where all operators have even operator dimension, $d$, including those with $d > 4$. The $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry is the extension of operator dimension parity by fermion number parity. If the $\mathbb{Z}_4$ is anomaly-free, such QFTs can be related to 3D topological superconductors. Additionally, imposing the $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry on the Standard Model effective field theory severely restricts the allowed processes that violate baryon and lepton numbers.
description: v2: 11 pages, 1 figure; JHEP version
title: Der Verfall des englischen Planungssystems - das Beispiel von Londons Docklands
Creators: name: Kochan, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: London-Docklands
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 75
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 75
A Scoping Review on Substance Use among Filipino_PROTOCOL_12.21.22
Creators: name: Villongco, Chris
name: Botor, Nephtaly Joel
name: Tuliao, Antover P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Central nervous system

description: The 2020 United States Census found Asian Americans are the fastest growing minority group in the United States with Filipino Americans (US Census, 2020) being the second fastest within this group per the 2010 US Census (US Census, 2010). Asian Americans and Native Hawaiins/Pacific Islanders (AAPI) are commonly reported in a single group but data indicates large discrepancies amongst groups and a need to disaggregate data (Wu and Blazer, 2015). Epidemiological studies indicated that 3.2% of Adult Filipina/o/x Americans have used illicit drugs or medications for non-medical use (SAMHSA, 2010). Unique cultural factors in Filipino culture suggest under estimation of use in Filipino American communities (Nadal, 2000). No study has systematically studied the prevalence of substance abuse, substance use disorders, or substance treatment in adolescents and adults who identify as Filipino Americans. Additionally, no systematic study has ever examined the mitigating factors for substance use in the Filipino American community.
 This scoping review aims to: 1. map studies about or pertaining to substance use or abuse among Filipino Americans 2. examine the prevalence of substance abuse, substance use disorder (SUD), and treatment among Filipino Americans in adolescents and adults 3. Compare substance use and abuse, SUD, and SUD treatment to other ethnic races within the United States (US) 4. determine substance use-related modifying factors unique to Filipina/x/o Americans
Strong constraints on self-interacting dark matter with light mediators
Creators: name: Bringmann, Torsten
name: Kahlhoefer, Felix
name: Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
name: Walia, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling dark matter to light new particles is an attractive way to combine thermal production with strong velocity-dependent self-interactions. Here we point out that in such models the dark matter annihilation rate is generically enhanced by the Sommerfeld effect, and we derive the resulting constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background and other indirect detection probes. For the frequently studied case of s-wave annihilation these constraints exclude the entire parameter space where the self-interactions are large enough to address the small-scale problems of structure formation.
description: 8 pages revtex 4, 4 figures; v2: matches version published in PRL
Driving induced many-body localization
Creators: name: Bairey, Eyal
name: Refael, Gil
name: Lindner, Netanel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subjecting a many-body localized system to a time-periodic drive generically leads to delocalization and a transition to ergodic behavior if the drive is sufficiently strong or of sufficiently low frequency. Here we show that a specific drive can have an opposite effect, taking a static delocalized system into the many-body localized phase. We demonstrate this effect using a one-dimensional system of interacting hardcore bosons subject to an oscillating linear potential. The system is weakly disordered, and is ergodic absent the driving. The time-periodic linear potential leads to a suppression of the effective static hopping amplitude, increasing the relative strengths of disorder and interactions. Using numerical simulations, we find a transition into the many-body localized phase above a critical driving frequency and in a range of driving amplitudes. Our findings highlight the potential of driving schemes exploiting the coherent suppression of tunneling for engineering long-lived Floquet phases.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
title: Denkmalpflege und Umgebungsschutz im Prozeß der intensiven Stadtentwicklung
Creators: name: Wirth, Hermann
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Stadtentwicklung
subject: Denkmalpflege
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 77
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 77
Can ultrastrong coupling change ground state chemical reactions?
Creators: name: Martínez-Martínez, Luis A.
name: Ribeiro, Raphael F.
name: Campos-González-Angulo, Jorge
name: Yuen-Zhou, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advancements on the fabrication of organic micro- and nanostructures have permitted the strong collective light-matter coupling regime to be reached with molecular materials. Pioneering works in this direction have shown the effects of this regime in the excited state reactivity of molecular systems and at the same time has opened up the question of whether it is possible to introduce any modifications in the electronic ground energy landscape which could affect chemical thermodynamics and/or kinetics. In this work, we use a model system of many molecules coupled to a surface-plasmon field to gain insight on the key parameters which govern the modifications of the ground-state Potential Energy Surface (PES). Our findings confirm that the energetic changes per molecule are determined by single-molecule-light couplings which are essentially local, in contrast with those of the electronically excited states, for which energetic corrections are of a collective nature. Still, we reveal some intriguing quantum-coherent effects associated with pathways of concerted reactions, where two or more molecules undergo reactions simultaneously, and which can be of relevance in low-barrier reactions. Finally, we also explore modifications to nonadiabatic dynamics and conclude that, for this particular model, the presence of a large number of dark states yields negligible changes. Our study reveals new possibilities as well as limitations for the emerging field of polariton chemistry.
On the existence of impurity bound excitons in one-dimensional systems with zero range interactions
Creators: name: Have, Jonas
name: Kovarik, Hynek
name: Pedersen, Thomas G.
name: Cornean, Horia D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a three-body one-dimensional Schrödinger operator with zero range potentials, which models a positive impurity with charge $κ> 0$ interacting with an exciton. We study the existence of discrete eigenvalues as $κ$ is varied. On one hand, we show that for sufficiently small $κ$ there exists a unique bound state whose binding energy behaves like $κ^4$, and we explicitly compute its leading coefficient. On the other hand, if $κ$ is larger than some critical value then the system has no bound states.
title: Pseudoscalar-pole contributions to Hadronic Light-by-Light scattering in the muon g − 2 from twisted mass lattice QCD
Creators: name: Burri, Sebastian Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon provides one of the most stringent tests of the Standard Model with very precise determinations from  both experiments and theory. However, there is a persistent tension between the two determinations, which has increased to 4.2 standard deviations with the latest experimental result. Currently, experimental efforts are underway to reduce the uncertainty by up to a factor of four. Testing the Standard Model on this more precise level requires that also the theory error is reduced to the same level. The Standard Model uncertainty is dominated by low-energy contributions from the strong interaction, namely the Hadronic Vacuum Polarization and the Hadronic Light-by-Light scattering. The Hadronic Light-by-Light scattering can be systematically decomposed into contributions from various intermediate states, with the dominant role played by the π⁰-pole, followed by the η- and η′-poles.
In this work, the π⁰- and η-pole contributions are estimated from twisted mass lattice QCD with physical light and heavy quark masses. Three ensembles generated by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration are used for the π⁰- and one ensemble for the η-pole calculation. For the η-pole, this is the first ab-initio calculation directly at the physical point.
The main results are 56.7(3.1) × 10⁻¹¹ for the pion-pole contribution and 13.8(5.5) × 10⁻¹¹ for the η-pole contribution.
RumpleMasterThesis_Final.pdf
Creators: name: Rumple, Joshua Keith
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Organic chemical synthesis
Natural products and bioactive compounds

description: The access of ring junction functionalized 5,6-hydrindanone systems has been elusive in the realm of synthetic methodology, and the functionalization of a pre-built ring system rarely explored. These 5,6-hydridanone systems are prevalent in a variety of terpenoid ring systems, especially that of steroidal molecules. Previous synthetic methods to reach these systems using a Diels-Alder cycloaddition proved to be difficult and lacked labile functional groups that would be useful for substitution after the cycloaddition. The design of the α-nitrile cyclopentenone dienophile allows for both post-cyclization adduct functionalization, as well as lowering the energy barrier of the cycloaddition itself. In this work, it is shown that the Lewis acid promoted Diels-Alder reaction with α-nitrile β-methyl cyclopentenone dienophile can be performed under standard temperatures and pressures unlike previously established methods.1 This reaction can generate four chiral centers in a single synthetic step when the starting materials are prochiral. After the generation of 5,6-hydrindanone systems, radical cleavage of the nitrile functionality also allowed for electrophile trapping at the ring junction. This radical cleavage and electrophile trapping pathway allows for functionalization of a quaternary carbon at the ring junction, a method that should be fruitful in the generation of difficult to synthesize steroidal and other terpenoid molecules. In the work on synthetic cell penetrating peptides, camptothecin whilst a notably effective topoisomerase I inhibitor, has never quite reached it’s potential as a therapeutic due to its poor solubility in living systems. Previously, cationic amphiphilic polyproline helices (CAPH) molecules from the Chmielewski lab have been hydrophobically functionalized through O-alkylation of hydroxyprolines at specific regions within the peptide to generate a hydrophobic face. The combination of the cationic faces and the hydrophobic face have made the CAPH molecules notably cell penetrant and tunable. With camptothecin’s notable insolubility in water, it may serve as valuable surrogate to the hydrophobic groups on CAPH molecules and allowing it to be delivered intracellularly. Using an endogenously cleavable linker, we have worked towards a CPP that acts as a drug delivery vehicle. Acting as a replacement of the hydrophobic residue of a CAPH molecule, camptothecin will be chaperoned into the cell and should be released through the action of intracellular esterases.
Casimir Meets Poisson: Improved Quark/Gluon Discrimination with Counting Observables
Creators: name: Frye, Christopher
name: Larkoski, Andrew J.
name: Thaler, Jesse
name: Zhou, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged track multiplicity is among the most powerful observables for discriminating quark- from gluon-initiated jets. Despite its utility, it is not infrared and collinear (IRC) safe, so perturbative calculations are limited to studying the energy evolution of multiplicity moments. While IRC-safe observables, like jet mass, are perturbatively calculable, their distributions often exhibit Casimir scaling, such that their quark/gluon discrimination power is limited by the ratio of quark to gluon color factors. In this paper, we introduce new IRC-safe counting observables whose discrimination performance exceeds that of jet mass and approaches that of track multiplicity. The key observation is that track multiplicity is approximately Poisson distributed, with more suppressed tails than the Sudakov peak structure from jet mass. By using an iterated version of the soft drop jet grooming algorithm, we can define a "soft drop multiplicity" which is Poisson distributed at leading-logarithmic accuracy. In addition, we calculate the next-to-leading-logarithmic corrections to this Poisson structure. If we allow the soft drop groomer to proceed to the end of the jet branching history, we can define a collinear-unsafe (but still infrared-safe) counting observable. Exploiting the universality of the collinear limit, we define generalized fragmentation functions to study the perturbative energy evolution of collinear-unsafe multiplicity.
description: 38+10 pages, 21 figures; v2: discussions added to match JHEP version
A monitoring and diagnostic approach for stochastic textured surfaces
Creators: name: Bui, Anh Tuan
name: Apley, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a supervised-learning-based approach for monitoring and diagnosing texture-related defects in manufactured products characterized by stochastic textured surfaces that satisfy the locality and stationarity properties of Markov random fields. Examples of stochastic textured surface data include images of woven textiles; image or surface metrology data for machined, cast, or formed metal parts; microscopy images of material microstructure samples; etc. To characterize the complex spatial statistical dependencies of in-control samples of the stochastic textured surface, we use rather generic supervised learning methods, which provide an implicit characterization of the joint distribution of the surface texture. We propose two spatial moving statistics, which are computed from residual errors of the fitted supervised learning model, for monitoring and diagnosing local aberrations in the general spatial statistical behavior of newly manufactured stochastic textured surface samples in a statistical process control context. We illustrate the approach using images of textile fabric samples and simulated 2-D stochastic processes, for which the algorithm successfully detects local defects of various natures. Supplemental discussions, results, data and computer codes are available online.
Neutrino emissions in all flavors up to the pre-bounce of massive stars and the possibility of their detections
Creators: name: Kato, Chinami
name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Furusawa, Shun
name: Takahashi, Koh
name: Umeda, Hideyuki
name: Yoshida, Takashi
name: Ishidoshiro, Koji
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a sequel to our previous one (Kato et al.2015), which calculated the luminosities and spectra of electron-type anti-neutrinos ($\barν_e$'s) from the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae. Expecting that a capability to detect electron-type neutrinos ($ν_e$'s) will increase dramatically with the emergence of liquid-argon detectors such as DUNE, we broaden the scope in this study to include all-flavors of neutrinos emitted from the pre-bounce phase. We pick up three progenitor models of an electron capture supernova (ECSN) and iron-core collapse supernovae (FeCCSNe). We find that the number luminosities reach $\sim10^{57} \mathrm{s^{-1}}$ and $\sim10^{53} \mathrm{s^{-1}}$ at maximum for $ν_e$ and $\barν_e$, respectively. We also estimate the numbers of detection events at terrestrial neutrino detectors including DUNE, taking flavor oscillations into account and assuming the distance to the progenitors to be 200 pc. It is demonstrated that $\barν_e$'s from the ECSN-progenitor will be undetected at almost all detectors, whereas we will be able to observe $\gtrsim$15900 $ν_e$'s at DUNE for the inverted mass hierarchy. From the FeCCSN-progenitors, the number of $\barν_e$ events will be largest for JUNO, 200-900 $\barν_e$'s, depending on the mass hierarchy whereas the number of $ν_e$ events at DUNE is $\gtrsim$2100 for the inverted mass hierarchy. These results imply that the detection of $\barν_e$'s is useful to distinguish FeCCSN- from ECSN-progenitors, while $ν_e$'s will provide us with detailed information on the collapse phase regardless of the type and mass of progenitor.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, accepted to ApJ
Holographic coherent states from random tensor networks
Creators: name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
name: Yang, Zhao
name: You, Yi-Zhuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random tensor networks provide useful models that incorporate various important features of holographic duality. A tensor network is usually defined for a fixed graph geometry specified by the connection of tensors. In this paper, we generalize the random tensor network approach to allow quantum superposition of different spatial geometries. We set up a framework in which all possible bulk spatial geometries, characterized by weighted adjacent matrices of all possible graphs, are mapped to the boundary Hilbert space and form an overcomplete basis of the boundary. We name such an overcomplete basis as holographic coherent states. A generic boundary state can be expanded on this basis, which describes the state as a superposition of different spatial geometries in the bulk. We discuss how to define distinct classical geometries and small fluctuations around them. We show that small fluctuations around classical geometries define "code subspaces" which are mapped to the boundary Hilbert space isometrically with quantum error correction properties. In addition, we also show that the overlap between different geometries is suppressed exponentially as a function of the geometrical difference between the two geometries. The geometrical difference is measured in an area law fashion, which is a manifestation of the holographic nature of the states considered.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures. An error corrected on page 14. Reference updated
Monitoring the energy of a cavity by observing the emission of a repeatedly excited qubit
Creators: name: Hutin, Hector
name: Essig, Antoine
name: Assouly, Réouven
name: Rouchon, Pierre
name: Bienfait, Audrey
name: Huard, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of excitations in a large quantum system (harmonic oscillator or qudit) can be measured in a quantum nondemolition manner using a dispersively coupled qubit. It typically requires a series of qubit pulses that encode various binary questions about the photon number. Recently, a method based on the fluorescence measurement of a qubit driven by a train of identical pulses was introduced to track the photon number in a cavity, hence simplifying its monitoring and raising interesting questions about the measurement backaction of this scheme. A first realization with superconducting circuits demonstrated how the average number of photons could be measured in this way. Here we present an experiment that reaches single-shot photocounting and number tracking owing to a cavity decay rate 4 orders of magnitude smaller than both the dispersive coupling rate and the qubit emission rate. An innovative notch filter and pogo-pin-based galvanic contact makes possible these seemingly incompatible features. The qubit dynamics under the pulse train is characterized. We observe quantum jumps by monitoring the photon number via the qubit fluorescence as photons leave the cavity one at a time. Additionally, we extract the measurement rate and induced dephasing rate and compare them to theoretical models. Our method could be applied to quantum error correction protocols on bosonic codes or qudits.
description: Main text and appended supplementary material
Age spreads and the temperature dependence of age estimates in Upper Sco
Creators: name: Fang, Qiliang
name: Herczeg, Gregory J.
name: Rizzuto, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Past estimates for the age of the Upper Sco Association are typically 11-13 Myr for intermediate-mass stars and 4-5 Myr for low-mass stars. In this study, we simulate populations of young stars to investigate whether this apparent dependence of estimated age on spectral type may be explained by the star formation history of the association. Solar and intermediate mass stars begin their pre-main sequence evolution on the Hayashi track, with fully convective interiors and cool photospheres. Intermediate mass stars quickly heat up and transition onto the radiative Henyey track. As a consequence, for clusters in which star formation occurs on a similar timescale as the transition from a convective to a radiative interior, discrepancies in ages will arise when ages are calculated as a function of temperature instead of mass. Simple simulations of a cluster with constant star formation over several Myr may explain about half of the difference in inferred ages versus photospheric temperature; speculative constructions that consist of a constant star formation followed by a large supernova-driven burst could fully explain the differences, including those between F and G stars where evolutionary tracks may be more accurate. The age spreads of low-mass stars predicted from these prescriptions for star formation are consistent with the observed luminosity spread of Upper Sco. The conclusion that a lengthy star formation history will yield a temperature dependence in ages is expected from the basic physics of pre-main sequence evolution and is qualitatively robust to the large uncertainties in pre-main sequence evolutionary models.
description: 13 pages, accepted by ApJ
Quantum and thermal melting of stripe forming systems with competing long ranged interactions
Creators: name: Mendoza-Coto, Alejandro
name: Barci, Daniel G.
name: Stariolo, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum melting of stripe phases in models with competing short range and long range interactions decaying with distance as $1/r^σ$ in two space dimensions. At zero temperature we find a two step disordering of the stripe phases with the growth of quantum fluctuations. A quantum critical point separating a phase with long range positional order from a phase with long range orientational order is found when $σ\leq 4/3$, which includes the Coulomb interaction case $σ=1$. For $σ> 4/3$ the transition is first order, which includes the dipolar case $σ=3$. Another quantum critical point separates the orientationally ordered (nematic) phase from a quantum disordered phase for any value of $σ$. Critical exponents as a function of $σ$ are computed at one loop order in an $ε$ expansion and, whenever available, compared with known results. For finite temperatures it is found that for $σ\geq 2$ orientational order decays algebraically with distance until a critical Kosterlitz-Thouless line. Nevertheless, for $σ< 2$ it is found that long range orientational order can exist at finite temperatures until a critical line which terminates at the quantum critical point at $T=0$. The temperature dependence of the critical line near the quantum critical point is determined as a function of $σ$.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Analysis of Tsallis' classical partition function's poles
Creators: name: Plastino, A.
name: Rocca, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When one integrates the q-exponential function of Tsallis' so as to get the partition function $Z$, a gamma function inevitably emerges. Consequently, poles arise. We investigate here here the thermodynamic significance of these poles in the case of $n$ classical harmonic oscillators (HO). Given that this is an exceedingly well known system, any new feature that may arise can safely be attributed to the poles' effect. We appeal to the mathematical tools used in [EPJB 89, 150 (2016) and arXiv:1702.03535 (2017)], and obtain both bound and unbound states. In the first case, we are then faced with a classical Einstein crystal. We also detect what might be interpreted as pseudo gravitational effects.
description: Title has changed. Text has changed
Edge stability and edge quantum criticality in 2D interacting topological insulators
Creators: name: Li, Zi-Xiang
name: Yao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robustness of helical edge states in 2D topological insulators (TI) against strong interactions remains an intriguing issue. Here, by performing the first sign-free quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation of the Kane-Mele-Hubbard-Rashba model which describes an interacting 2D TI with two-particle backscattering on edges, we verify that the gapless helical edge states are robust against a finite range of two-particle backscattering when the Coulomb repulsion is not strong. However, when the Coulomb repulsion is strong enough, the helical edge states can be gapped by infinitesimal two-particle backscattering, resulting in edge magnetic order. We further reveal universal properties of the magnetic edge quantum critical point (EQCP). At magnetic domain walls on edges, we find that a fractionalized charge of e/2 emerges. Implications of our results to recent transport experiments in the InAs/GaSb quantum well, which is a 2D TI with strong interactions, will also be discussed.
description: 5.6 pages + supplemental materials, 4 figures; minor changes with more references added
Lippmann-Schwinger theory for two-dimensional plasmon scattering
Creators: name: Torre, Iacopo
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Diaspro, Alberto
name: Pellegrini, Vittorio
name: Polini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-lived and ultra-confined plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) electron systems may provide a sub-wavelength diagnostic tool to investigate localized dielectric, electromagnetic, and pseudo-electromagnetic perturbations. In this Article, we present a general theoretical framework to study the scattering of 2D plasmons against such perturbations in the non-retarded limit. We discuss both parabolic-band and massless Dirac fermion 2D electron systems. Our theory starts from a Lippmann-Schwinger equation for the screened potential in an inhomogeneous 2D electron system and utilizes as inputs analytical long-wavelength expressions for the density-density response function, going beyond the local approximation. We present illustrative results for the scattering of 2D plasmons against a point-like charged impurity and a one-dimensional electrostatic barrier due to a line of charges. Exact numerical results obtained from the solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation are compared with approximate results based on the Born and eikonal approximations. The importance of nonlocal effects is finally emphasized.
description: 23 pages, 8 multi-panel figures
TMS-EEG Reliability: Bridging the Gap to Clinical Use
Creators: name: Bertazzoli, Giacomo
name: Miniussi, Carlo
name: Julkunen, Petro
name: Bortoletto, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG), or TMS-EEG, holds the potential to broaden the clinical applications of TMS beyond its traditional role in evaluating the cortico-spinal tract and motor cortices. TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) have emerged as valuable tools in clinical research, enabling the assessment of cortical excitability and effective connectivity between cortical regions in various psychiatric and neurological disorders and are increasingly recognized as a promising candidate biomarker for aiding in diagnosis and prognosis. Despite the well-established diagnostic utility of TMS, the clinical implementation of TMS-EEG has yet to meet the necessary standards. One critical aspect that often remains unaddressed is the reliability of TEP measurements. In this context, we outline the crucial reliability assessments required to determine the clinical applicability of TEPs. Firstly, we conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature on reliability, encompassing both theoretical and statistical considerations. Subsequently, we present the current state of knowledge on TEP reliability. We emphasize the specific elements of reliability that must be incorporated to facilitate a unified, evidence-derived assessment of TMS-EEG as a clinical tool.
description: 57 pages, 4 figures