cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Physiological Features of a Set of Spinal Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons Defined by Green Fluorescent Protein Expression
Creators: name: Perl, Edward R.
name: Van Den Pol, Anthony N.
name: Hantman, Adam W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) is known to be involved in the manipulation of nociceptive and thermal primary afferent input; however, the interrelationships of its neuronal components are poorly understood. As a step toward expanding understanding, we took a relatively unique approach by concentrating on a set of SG neurons selectively labeled by green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a transgenic mouse. These GFP-expressing SG neurons prove to have homogenous morphological and electrophysiological properties, are systematically spaced in the SG, contain GABA, receive C-fiber primary afferent input, and upregulate c-Fos protein in response to noxious stimuli. Together, the properties established for these GFP-labeled neurons are consistent with a modular SG organization in which afferent activity related to nociception or other C-fiber signaling are subject to integration/modulation by repeating, similar circuits of neurons.
Figure S8 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Suspension flow: do particles act as mixers?
Creators: name: Boschan, A.
name: Aguirre, M. A.
name: Gauthier, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Roht et al. [J. Contam. Hydrol. 145, 10-16 (2013)] observed that the presence of suspended non-Brownian macroscopic particles decreased the dispersivity of a passive solute, for a pressure-driven flow in a narrow parallel-plates channel at low Reynolds number. This result contradicts the idea that the streamline distortion caused by the random diffusive motion of the particles increases the dispersion and mixing of the solute. Therefore, to estimate the influence of this motion on the dispersivity of the solute, and investigate the origin of the reported decrease, we experimentally studied the probability density functions (pdf) of the particle velocities, and spatio-temporal correlations, in the same experimental configuration. We observed that, as the mean suspension velocity exceeds a critical value, the pdf of the streamwise velocities of the particles markedly changes from a symmetric distribution to an asymmetric one strongly skewed to high velocities and with a peak of most probable velocity close to the maximum velocity. The latter observations and the analysis of suspension microstructure indicate that the observed decrease in the dispersivity of the solute is due to particle migration to the mid-plane of the channel, and consequent flattening of the velocity profile. Moreover, we estimated the contribution of particle diffusive motion to the solute dispersivity to be three orders of magnitude smaller than the reported decrease, and thus negligible. Solute dispersion is then much more affected by how particles modify the flow velocity profile across the channel, than by their diffusive random motion.
OAL Greece New Storymap
Creators: name: Loupis, Michael
name: Panga, Depy
name: Petratou, Daphne
name: Stefanopoulou, Maria
name: Spyrou, Christos
name: Apostolidou, Ilektra-Georgia
name: Pangas, Nikos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Nature Based Solutions
Natural Water Retention Measures
Sperchios River
Co-design
OPERANDUM

description: OAL Greece ArcGIS Storymap
MPEC 2023-T250 : 2023 TK12
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TK12

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
(1316) Elizabeth Winter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1308) Sarah Lancaster
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Information from Rate variation in the evolution of non-coding DNA associated with social evolution in bees
Creators: name: Rubin, Benjamin E. R.
name: Jones, Beryl M.
name: Hunt, Brendan G.
name: Kocher, Sarah D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional methods, results, and figures
Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Rate and Strength of Cardiac Contractions in the Lobster Homarus americanus by Acting on the Cardiac Ganglion
Creators: name: Cruz-Bermúdez, Nelson D.
name: Goy, Michael F.
name: Marder, Eve
name: Lappé, Jason
name: Rhyne, Randall T.
name: Mahadevan, Anand
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The lobster heart is synaptically driven by the cardiac ganglion, a spontaneously bursting neural network residing within the cardiac lumen. Here, we present evidence that nitric oxide (NO) plays an inhibitory role in lobster cardiac physiology. (1) NO decreases heartbeat frequency and amplitude. Decreased frequency is a direct consequence of a decreased ganglionic burst rate. Decreased amplitude is an indirect consequence of decreased burst frequency, attributable to the highly facilitating nature of the synapses between cardiac ganglion neurons and muscle fibers (although, during prolonged exposure to NO, amplitude recovers to the original level by a frequency-independent adaptation mechanism). NO does not alter burst duration, spikes per burst, heart muscle contractility, or amplitudes of synaptic potentials evoked by stimulating postganglionic motor nerves. Thus, NO acts on the ganglion, but not on heart muscle. (2) Two observations suggest that NO is produced within the lobster heart. First, immunoblot analysis shows that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is strongly expressed in heart muscle relative to other muscles. Second,
Photon Inhibited Topological Transport in Quantum Well Heterostructures
Creators: name: Farrell, Aaron
name: Pereg-Barnea, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we provide a picture of transport in quantum well heterostructures with a periodic driving field in terms of a probabilistic occupation of the topologically protected edge states in the system. This is done by generalizing methods from the field of photon assisted tunneling. We show that the time dependent field {\it dresses} the underlying Hamiltonian of the heterostructure and splits the system into side-bands. Each of these sidebands is occupied with a certain probability which depends on the drive frequency and strength. This leads to a reduction in the topological transport signatures of the system because of the probability to absorb/emit a photon. Therefore when the voltage is tuned to the bulk gap the conductance is smaller then the expected $2e^2/h$. We refer to this as photon inhibited topological transport. Nevertheless, the edge modes reveal their topological origin in the robustness of the edge conductance to disorder and changes in model parameters. In this work the analogy with photon assisted tunneling allows us to interpret the calculated conductivity and explain the sum rule observed by previous authors
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Figure S9 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Retina-Driven Dephosphorylation of the NR2A Subunit Correlates with Faster NMDA Receptor Kinetics at Developing Retinocollicular Synapses
Creators: name: Townsend, Matthew
name: Constantine-Paton, Martha
name: Liu, Yudong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We describe a homeostatic mechanism that limits NMDA receptor currents in response to early light activation of a developing visual pathway. During the second postnatal week of rodent retinocollicular development, the Ca
(1309) Thomas Ellis Burras
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S6 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Structural Abnormalities at Neuromuscular Synapses Lacking Multiple Syntrophin Isoforms
Creators: name: Fukuda, Taku
name: Adams, Marvin E.
name: Kramarcy, Neal
name: Sealock, Robert
name: Engel, Andrew G.
name: Froehner, Stanley C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The syntrophins are modular adapter proteins that function by recruiting signaling molecules to the cytoskeleton via their direct association with proteins of the dystrophin protein family. We investigated the physiological function of beta2-syntrophin by generating a line of mice lacking this syntrophin isoform. The beta2-syntrophin null mice show no overt phenotype, or muscular dystrophy, and form structurally normal neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). To determine whether physiological consequences caused by the lack of beta2-syntrophin were masked by compensation from the alpha-syntrophin isoform, we crossed these mice with our previously described alpha-syntrophin null mice to produce mice lacking both isoforms. The alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice have NMJs that are structurally more aberrant than those lacking only alpha-syntrophin. The NMJs of the alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice have fewer junctional folds than either parent strain, and the remaining folds are abnormally shaped with few openings to the synaptic space. The levels of acetylcholine receptors are reduced to 23% of wild type in mice lacking both syntrophin isoforms. Furthermore, the alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice ran significantly shorter distances on voluntary exercise wheels despite having normal neuromuscular junction transmission as determined by micro-electrode recording of endplate potentials. We conclude that both alpha-syntrophin and beta2-syntrophin play distinct roles in forming and maintaining NMJ structure and that each syntrophin can partially compensate for the loss of the other.
Figure S7 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Gravitational wave asteroseismology of neutron and strange stars in $R^2$ gravity
Creators: name: Staykov, Kalin V.
name: Doneva, Daniela D.
name: Yazadjiev, Stoytcho S.
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the oscillations of neutron and strange stars in $R^2$ gravity. More precisely the nonradial $f$-modes are examined and the differences with pure general relativity are investigated. Using these results we build several gravitational wave asteroseismology relations. Our goal is to determine up to what extend these relations are equation of state independent and whether they deviate enough from general relativity in order to produce an observable effect. The results show that the differences coming from $R^2$ gravity are up to 10\% and that will be difficult to be observed in the near future. On the other hand the small deviations in some of the asteroseismology relations show that they are not only equation of state independent, but they are also quite insensitive to the gravitational theory. That is why solving the inverse problem can give us quite robust estimates of the neutron star parameters.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
(1311) Richard Harris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary document for Using augmented reality to cue obstacles for people with low vision - 6248138.pdf
Creators: name: Fox, Dylan
name: Ahmadzada, Ahmad
name: Wang, Clara Tenia
name: Azenkot, Shiri
name: Chu, Marlena
name: Manduchi, Roberto
name: Cooper, Emily
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Formative Study Description
Figure S8 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Temporally Specific Burst in Cell Proliferation Increases Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Protracted Abstinence from Alcohol
Creators: name: Nixon, Kimberly
name: Crews, Fulton T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Adult neurogenesis is a newly considered form of plasticity that could contribute to brain dysfunction in psychiatric disease. Chronic alcoholism, a disease affecting over 8% of the adult population, produces cognitive impairments and decreased brain volumes, both of which are partially reversed during abstinence. Clinical data and animal models implicate the hippocampus, a region important in learning and memory. In a model of alcohol dependence (chronic binge exposure for 4 d), we show that adult neurogenesis is inhibited during dependence with a pronounced increase in new hippocampal neuron formation after weeks of abstinence. This increase is attributable to a temporally and regionally specific fourfold increase in cell proliferation at day 7 of abstinence, with a majority of those cells surviving and differentiating at percentages similar to controls, effects that doubled the formation of new neurons. Although increases in cell proliferation correlated with alcohol withdrawal severity, proliferation remained increased when diazepam (10 mg/kg) was used to reduce withdrawal severity. Indeed, those animals with little withdrawal activity still show a twofold burst in cell proliferation at day 7 of abstinence. Thus, alcohol dependence and recovery from dependence continues to alter hippocampal plasticity during abstinence. Because neurogenesis may contribute to hippocampal function and/or learning, memory, and mood, compensatory neurogenesis and the return of normal neurogenesis may also have an impact on hippocampal structure and function. For the first time, these data provide a neurobiological mechanism that may underlie the return of human cognitive function and brain volume associated with recovery from addiction.
Supplementary document for Ultrastrong coupling in Super Yellow polymer microcavity and development of highly efficient polariton light-emitting diodes and light-emitting transistors - 6248825.pdf
Creators: name: Chang, Jui-Fen
name: ZHENG, YU-CHEN
name: CHIANG, CHI-YU
name: HUANG, CHEN-KANG
name: Jaing, Cheng-Chung
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Shadow of a naked singularity
Creators: name: Ortiz, Néstor
name: Sarbach, Olivier
name: Zannias, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the redshift suffered by photons originating from an external source, traversing a collapsing dust cloud and finally being received by an asymptotic observer. In addition, we study the shadow that the collapsing cloud casts on the sky of the asymptotic observer. We find that the resulting redshift and properties of the shadow depend crucially on whether the final outcome of the complete gravitational collapse is a black hole or a naked singularity. In the black hole case, the shadow is due to the high redshift acquired by the photons as they approach the event horizon, implying that their energy is gradually redshifted toward zero within a few crossing times associated with the event horizon radius. In contrast to this, a naked singularity not only absorbs photons originating from the source, but it also emits infinitely redshifted photons with and without angular momenta. This emission introduces an abrupt cutoff in the frequency shift of the photons detected in directions close to the radial one, and it is responsible for the shadow masking the source in the naked singularity case. Furthermore, even though the shadow forms and begins to grow immediately after the observer crosses the Cauchy horizon, it takes many more crossing times than in the black hole case for the source to be occulted from the observer's eyes. We discuss possible implications of our results for testing the weak cosmic censorship hypothesis. Even though at late times the image of the source perceived by the observer looks the same in both cases, the dynamical formation of the shadow and the redshift images has distinct features and time scales in the black hole versus the naked singularity case. For stellar collapse, these time scales seem to be too short to be resolved with existing technology. However, our results may be relevant for the collapse of seeds leading to supermassive black holes.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
(1310) Eliza Harris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S4 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
The Subcellular Organization of Cortactin in Hippocampus
Creators: name: Racz, Bence
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Spines may undergo rapid, activity-dependent changes in shape and size, reflecting reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This remodeling is implicated in development and also in the late phase of long-term potentiation. However, the cellular mechanisms that convert activity into morphological change remain poorly understood, and little is known about the anatomical distribution of the actin-regulating proteins that mediate this remodeling. Using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate here that cortactin (a protein implicated in actin filament nucleation, branching, and stabilization) is concentrated in hippocampal spines, where it colocalizes with F-actin. Cortactin has a Shank-binding domain; recent studies report that synaptic activity may trigger actin remodeling via this interaction with Shank. However, our immunogold electron microscopic data show that cortactin concentrates within the spine core, 100-150 nm away from the postsynaptic density (PSD); only a small fraction of the cortactin in spines lies adjacent to the PSD. These data suggest that the adult dendritic spine contains two functional pools of cortactin: a large pool in the spine core that may help to mediates changes in spine shape and a small synaptic pool that may modify the PSD in response to synaptic activity.
Figure S9 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Methane and Ammonia in the near-infrared spectra of late T dwarfs
Creators: name: Canty, J. I.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Yurchenko, Sergei N.
name: Tennyson, Jonathan
name: Leggett, S. K.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Burningham, Ben
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Smart, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of T dwarfs using model atmospheres has been hampered by the absence of reliable line lists for methane and ammonia. Newly computed high temperature line lists for both of these important molecules are now available, so it is timely to investigate the appearance of the various absorption features in T dwarfs in order to better understand their atmospheres and validate the new line lists. We present high quality R~5000 Gemini/NIFS 1.0-2.4 microns spectra of the T8 standard 2MASS 0415-0935 and the T9 standard UGPS 0722-0540. We use these spectra to identify numerous methane and ammonia features not previously seen and we discuss the implications for our understanding of T dwarf atmospheres. Among our results, we find that ammonia is the dominant opacity source between ~1.233-1.266 microns in UGPS 0722-0540, and we tentatively identify several absorption features in this wavelength range in the T9's spectrum which may be due entirely to ammonia opacity. Our results also suggest that water rather than methane is the dominant opacity source in the red half of the J-band of the T8 dwarf. Water appears to be the main absorber in this wavelength region in the T9 dwarf until ~1.31 microns, when methane starts to dominate.
description: 29 pages, 37 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Figure S6 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical SNPs in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized metalliferous sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine metalliferous soils involves convergent evolution, which will likely be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Molecular mechanisms underpinning intraspecies co-infections with multiple Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Creators: name: Lott, Hannah
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the leading causes of infections worldwide. The ubiquity of this pathogen within healthcare facilities have led to previous reports of A. baumannii being implicated in co-infections with other hospital-associated bacteria. Thus, we hypothesise that intraspecies co-infections involving multiple strains of A. baumannii occur in patients over time but are underreported due to the technical difficulty of resolving similar bacterial strains using standard molecular techniques. Consequently, comprehensive molecular information on intraspecies interactions is severely lacking. In this project, I investigated a critical research gap regarding whether different co-infecting A. baumannii strains are cooperative or antagonistic partners that potentiate or attenuate each other’s virulence and resistance to external stresses like antibiotics. The genome-wide screening technique of transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) was employed to screen for the molecular drivers of intraspecies interactions, by competing a dense A. baumannii ATCC 17978 TraDIS mutant library against a range of other A. baumannii strains – including pathogenic (AB5075_UW, BAL062) and environmental (E-072658) isolates. This approach identified a range of conditionally important genes mediating the fitness of ATCC 17978 in intraspecies co-culture, including known mediators of interbacterial interactions as well as several novel community-dependent fitness determinants.
Effects of Spot Size on Neutron-Star Radius Measurements from Pulse Profiles
Creators: name: Baubock, Michi
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Ozel, Feryal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the effects of spot size on pulse profiles of moderately rotating neutron stars. Specifically, we quantify the bias introduced in radius measurements from the common assumption that spots are infinitesimally small. We find that this assumption is reasonable for spots smaller than 10$^\circ$-18$^\circ$ and leads to errors that are $\le$10% in the radius measurement, depending on the location of the spot and the inclination of the observer. We consider the implications of our results for neutron star radius measurements with the upcoming and planned X-ray missions NICER and LOFT. We calculate the expected spot size for different classes of sources and investigate the circumstances under which the assumption of a small spot is justified.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in ApJ
Figure S5 from Convergent evolution in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa on calamine metalliferous soils.
Creators: name: Preite, Veronica
name: Sailer, Christian
name: Syllwasschy, Lara
name: Bray, Sian
name: Ahmadi, Hassan
name: Krämer, Ute
name: Yant, Levi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: It is a plausible hypothesis that parallel adaptation events to the same environmental challenge should result in genetic changes of similar or identical effects, depending on the underlying fitness landscapes. However, systematic testing of this is scarce. Here we examine this hypothesis in two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa, which co-occur at two calamine metalliferous (M) sites harbouring toxic levels of the heavy metals zinc and cadmium. We conduct individual genome resequencing alongside soil elemental analysis for 64 plants from eight populations on M and non-metalliferous (NM) soils, and identify genomic footprints of selection and local adaptation. Selective sweep and environmental association analyses indicate a modest degree of gene as well as functional network convergence, whereby the proximal molecular factors mediating this convergence mostly differ between site pairs and species. Notably, we observe repeated selection on identical single nucleotide poly-morphisms in several A. halleri genes at two independently colonized M sites. Our data suggest that species-specific metal handling and other biological features could explain a low degree of convergence between species. The parallel establishment of plant populations on calamine M soils involves convergent evolution, which will probably be more pervasive across sites purposely chosen for maximal similarity in soil composition.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions’.
Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Alters Structural Plasticity and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Drosophila
Creators: name: Brenman, Jay E.
name: Li, Yimei
name: Resseguie, Mary
name: Andersen, Ryan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Drosophila dendritic arborization (da) neurons contain subclasses of neurons with distinct dendritic morphologies. We investigated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulation of dendritic structure and dynamics in vivo using optically transparent Drosophila larvae. CaMKII increases the dynamic nature and formation of dendritic filopodia throughout larval development but only affects neurons that normally contain dendritic filopodia. In parallel, we examined the effects of Rac1 activity on dendritic structure to explore signaling specificity. In contrast to CaMKII activity, Rac1 does not alter filopodia stability but instead causes de novo filopodia formation on all da neurons. Although both mediators increase cytoskeletal turnover, measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, only CaMKII increases the dynamic nature of dendritic filopodia. CaMKII signaling thus appears to use mechanisms and machinery distinct from Rac1 signaling. This study illustrates a molecular means of uncoupling cytoskeletal regulation from morphological regulation. Our results suggest that Drosophila dendritic filopodia may share some cytoskeletal regulatory mechanisms with mammalian dendritic filopodia. Furthermore, general dendrite cytoskeletal compartmentalization is conserved in multipolar neurons.
(1306) Annie Pugmire
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Modular Organization of Excitatory Circuits between Neurons of the Spinal Superficial Dorsal Horn (Laminae I and II)
Creators: name: Lu, Yan
name: Perl, Edward R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Neural circuitry of the spinal superficial dorsal horn (SDH) (laminae I and II) and its relationship to pain and other somatosensory phenomena remain poorly understood. To gain information on this issue, synaptic connections between identified SDH neurons were studied in rat spinal cord slices by simultaneous whole-cell recordings from pairs of cells. Both excitatory and inhibitory connections were noted. This report focuses on the observed excitatory linkages. Synaptic excitatory connections between SDH neurons proved highly selective and consistently were unidirectional. Two patterns repeatedly appeared (for neuron classification, see Materials and Methods) (