cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PALOMA: A Magnetic CV between Polars and Intermediate Polars
Creators: name: Joshi, Arti
name: Pandey, J. C.
name: Singh, K. P.
name: Agrawal, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analyses of archival X-ray data obtained from the XMM-Newton satellite and optical photometric data obtained from 1 m class telescopes of ARIES, Nainital of a magnetic cataclysmic variable (MCV) Paloma. Two persistent periods at 156 $\pm$ 1 minutes and 130 $\pm$ 1 minutes are present in the X-ray data, which we interpret as the orbital and spin periods, respectively. These periods are similar to those obtained from the previous as well as new optical photometric observations. The soft-X-ray excess seen in the X-ray spectrum of Paloma and the averaged X-ray spectra are well fitted by two-temperature plasma models with temperatures of 0.10$_{-0.01}^{+0.02}$ and 13.0$_{-0.5}^{+0.5}$ keV with an Fe K$α$ line and an absorbing column density of 4.6 $\times$ 10^{22} cm^{-2}. This material partially covers 60 $\pm$ 2 % of the X-ray source. We also present the orbital and spin-phase-resolved spectroscopy of Paloma in the $0.3 - 10.0$ keV energy band and find that the X-ray spectral parameters show orbital and spin-phase dependencies. New results obtained from optical and X-ray studies of Paloma indicate that it belongs to a class of a few magnetic CVs that seem to have the characteristics of both the polars and the intermediate polars.
description: 11 Pages, 9 Figures, and 3 Tables, LaTeX; typos added, Accepted in ApJ
Insights into the reionization epoch from cosmic-noon-CIV emitters in the VANDELS survey
Creators: name: Mascia, S.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Belfiori, D.
name: Calabrò, A.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Saldana-Lopez, A.
name: Talia, M.
name: Amorín, R.
name: Cullen, F.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Guaita, L.
name: Llerena, M.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Santini, P.
name: Schaerer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, intense emission from nebular C III] and C IV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the epoch of reionization ($z>6$) and have been proposed as the prime way of measuring their redshift and studying their stellar populations. These galaxies might represent the best examples of cosmic reionizers, as suggested by recent low-z observations of Lyman Continuum emitting galaxies, but it is hard to directly study the production and escape of ionizing photons at such high redshifts. The ESO spectroscopic public survey VANDELS offers the unique opportunity to find rare examples of such galaxies at cosmic noon ($z\sim 3$), thanks to the ultra deep observations available. We have selected a sample of 39 galaxies showing C IV emission, whose origin (after a careful comparison to photoionization models) can be ascribed to star formation and not to AGN. By using a multi-wavelength approach, we determine their physical properties including metallicity and ionization parameter and compare them to the properties of the parent population to understand what are the ingredients that could characterize the analogs of the cosmic reionizers. We find that C IV emitters are galaxies with high photons production efficiency and there are strong indications that they might have also large escape fraction: given the visibility of C IV in the epoch of reionization this could become the best tool to pinpoint the cosmic reioinzers.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, resubmitted to A&A after addressing the referee comments
First Light and Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) X: Environmental Galaxy Bias and Survey Variance at High Redshift
Creators: name: Thomas, Peter A.
name: Lovell, Christopher C.
name: Maltz, Maxwell G. A.
name: Vijayan, Aswin P.
name: Wilkins, Stephen M.
name: Irodotou, Dimitrios
name: Roper, William J.
name: Seeyave, Louise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming deep galaxy surveys with JWST will probe galaxy evolution during the epoch of reionisation (EoR, $5\leq z\leq10$) over relatively compact areas (e.g. $\sim$ 300\,arcmin$^2$ for the JADES GTO survey). It is therefore imperative that we understand the degree of survey variance, to evaluate how representative the galaxy populations in these studies will be. We use the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) to measure the galaxy bias of various tracers over an unprecedentedly large range in overdensity for a hydrodynamic simulation, and use these relations to assess the impact of bias and clustering on survey variance in the EoR. Star formation is highly biased relative to the underlying dark matter distribution, with the mean ratio of the stellar to dark matter density varying by a factor of 100 between regions of low and high matter overdensity (smoothed on a scale of 14$\,h^{-1}$cMpc). This is reflected in the galaxy distribution --the most massive galaxies are found solely in regions of high overdensity. As a consequence of the above, galaxies in the EoR are highly clustered, which can lead to large variance in survey number counts. For mean number counts $N\lesssim 100$ (1000), in a unit redshift slice of angular area 300\,arcmin$^2$ (1.4\,deg$^2$), the 2-sigma range in $N$ is roughly a factor of four (two). We present relations between the expected variance and survey area for different survey geometries; these relations will be of use to observers wishing to understand the impact of survey variance on their results.
description: Accepted version. Thanks to the referee contains more extensive description of testing, comparison to online Cosmic Variance Calculator, and greater range of survey areas than the original submission
Colloids Exposed to Random Potential Energy Landscapes: from Particle Number Density to Particle-Potential and Particle-Particle Interactions
Creators: name: Bewerunge, J.
name: Sengupta, A.
name: Capellmann, R. F.
name: Platten, F.
name: Sengupta, S.
name: Egelhaaf, S. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal particles were exposed to a random potential energy landscape (rPEL) that has been created optically via a speckle pattern. The mean particle density as well as the potential roughness, i.e. the disorder strength, were varied. The local probability density of the particles as well as its main characteristics were determined. For the first time, the disorder-averaged pair density correlation function and an analogue of the Edwards-Anderson order parameter, which quantifies the correlation of the mean local density among disorder realisations, were measured experimentally and shown to be consistent with replica liquid state theory results.
description: The following article has been accepted by the Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp
Role of the ratio of biopolyelectrolyte persistence length to nanoparticle size in the structural tuning of electrostatic complexes
Creators: name: Shi, Li
name: Carn, Florent
name: Boué, François
name: Buhler, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aggregation of nanoparticles of given size $R$ induced by addition of a polymer strongly depends on its degree of rigidity. This is shown here on a large variety of silica nanoparticle self-assemblies obtained by electrostatic complexation with carefully selected oppositely charged bio-polyelectrolytes of different rigidity. The effective rigidity is quantified by the total persistence length $L_T$ representing the sum of the intrinsic ($L_p$) and electrostatic ($L_e$) polyelectrolyte persistence length, which depends on the screening, i.e., on ionic strength due to counter-ions and external salt concentrations. We experimentally show for the first time that the ratio L T /R is the main tuning parameter that controls the fractal dimension D f of the nanoparticles self-assemblies, which is determined using small-angle neutron scattering: (i) For $L_T /R<0.3$ (obtained with flexible poly-L-lysine in the presence of an excess of salt), chain flexibility promotes easy wrapping around nanoparticles in excess hence ramified structures with $D_f \sim 2$. (ii) For $0.31$, $L_e$ is strongly increased due to the absence of salt and repulsions between nanoparticles cannot be compensated by the polyelectrolyte wrapping, which allow a spacing between nanoparticles and the formation of one dimensional pearl necklace complexes. (iv) Finally, electrostatic 2 screening, i.e. ionic strength, turned out to be a reliable way of controlling $D_f$ and the phase diagram behavior. It finely tunes the short-range interparticle potential, resulting in larger fractal dimensions at higher ionic strength.
Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions.
description: 12 pages plus author list + cover pages (30 pages total), 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2015-14/
Bayesian inference of $W$-boson mass
Creators: name: Rallapalli, Aaseesh
name: Desai, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a Bayesian regression technique (similar to a recent analysis by Rinaldi et al) to obtain a central estimate for the $W$-boson mass using four different combinations of datasets compiled by the PDG including the 2022 CDF result. We use three different priors on the unknown intrinsic scatter and also a non-parametric hierarchical Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture model to obtain a world average for $W$-boson mass. We also evaluate the statistical significance of the discrepancy with respect to the Standard model for each of the datasets. We find that for all the combination of datasets and the aformentioned prior choices, the discrepancy with respect to the Standard Model value for the $W$-mass is less than 3$σ$. We also checked that if we use a narrow prior on the intrinsic scatter, we get a discrepancy of about 3.8$σ$ compared to the Standard model value.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in EPJC
Foundations as sustainability partners: climate philanthropy finance flows in China
Creators: name: Ni, Na
name: Wu, Dongrui
name: Xie, Xiaofeng
name: Chen, Yingtong
name: Jian, Zhui
name: Qiu, Jincheng
name: Zhang, Peichang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Despite substantial efforts being made through public and private sources, funding for climate change mitigation falls far short of what is needed. Meanwhile, philanthropic sources have begun to emerge as important sustainability partners by connecting multiple sectors and guiding funding flows. This study provides a comprehensive overview of climate-related philanthropic foundation financing and funding in China. Using a classification framework for climate change initiatives through co-word analysis and text segmentation techniques, we conduct visualization analysis to depict the changing pattern of climate philanthropy in China by analyzing donors, subfields, and flow of funds between 2008 and 2019. We conclude by providing suggestions for funders, charities, and policymakers seeking to enhance the value of collaborative governance in addressing climate change. Philanthropic sources play a key role in climate change mitigation in the new mixed-actor model of climate governance in China.Climate philanthropy in China is inseparable from strong political connections and policy influence of the government.Policymakers worldwide need to pay attention to flows and gaps in philanthropic funding as part of climate finance monitoring and to stimulate data-driven decisions concerning future investments.Policymakers need to leverage the crucial role of philanthropy in connecting multiple sectors to strengthen the climate change mitigation ecosystem. Philanthropic sources play a key role in climate change mitigation in the new mixed-actor model of climate governance in China. Climate philanthropy in China is inseparable from strong political connections and policy influence of the government. Policymakers worldwide need to pay attention to flows and gaps in philanthropic funding as part of climate finance monitoring and to stimulate data-driven decisions concerning future investments. Policymakers need to leverage the crucial role of philanthropy in connecting multiple sectors to strengthen the climate change mitigation ecosystem.
A new view on the maximum mass of differentially rotating neutron stars
Creators: name: Gondek-Rosinska, Dorota
name: Kowalska, Izabela
name: Villain, Loic
name: Ansorg, Marcus
name: Kucaba, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the main astrophysical properties of differentially rotating neutron stars described as stationary and axisymmetric configurations of a moderately stiff $Γ=2$ polytropic fluid. The high level of accuracy and of stability of our relativistic multidomain pseudo-spectral code enables us to explore the whole solution space for broad ranges of the degree of differential rotation, but also of the stellar density and oblateness. Staying within an astrophysicaly motivated range of rotation profiles, we investigate the characteristics of neutron stars with maximal mass for all types of families of differentially rotating relativistic objects identified in a previous article Ansorg, Gondek-Rosinsla, Villain (2009). We find that the maximum mass depends on both the degree of differential rotation and on the type of solution. It turns out that the maximum allowed mass can be up to 4 times higher than what it is for non-rotating stars with the same equation of state. Such values are obtained for a modest degree of differential rotation but for one of the newly discovered type of solutions. Since such configurations of stars are not that extreme, this result may have important consequences for the gravitational wave signal to expect from coalescing neutron star binaries or from some supernovae events.
description: 15 pages, 17 fiigures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
A New Mid-Infrared and X-ray Machine Learning Algorithm to Discover Compton-thick AGN
Creators: name: Silver, Ross
name: Torres-Alba, Núria
name: Zhao, Xiurui
name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: Pizzetti, Andrealuna
name: Cox, Isaiah
name: Ajello, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method to predict the line-of-sight column density (NH) values of active galactic nuclei (AGN) based on mid-infrared (MIR), soft, and hard X-ray data. We developed a multiple linear regression machine learning algorithm trained with WISE colors, Swift-BAT count rates, soft X-ray hardness ratios, and an MIR-soft X-ray flux ratio. Our algorithm was trained off 451 AGN from the Swift-BAT sample with known NH and has the ability to accurately predict NH values for AGN of all levels of obscuration, as evidenced by its Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.86 and its 75% classification accuracy. This is significant as few other methods can be reliably applied to AGN with Log(NH <) 22.5. It was determined that the two soft X-ray hardness ratios and the MIR-soft X-ray flux ratio were the largest contributors towards accurate NH determination. This algorithm will contribute significantly to finding Compton-thick (CT-) AGN (NH >= 10^24 cm^-2), thus enabling us to determine the true intrinsic fraction of CT-AGN in the local universe and their contribution to the Cosmic X-ray Background.
Unitary maps on Hamiltonians of an electron moving in a plane and coherent states construction
Creators: name: Aremua, Isiaka
name: Gouba, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider a model of an electron moving in a plane under uniform external magnetic and electric fields. We investigate the action of unitary maps on the associated quantum Hamiltonians and construct the coherent states of Gazeau-Klauder type.
description: 21 pages
Dynamic reorientation of tidally locked bodies: application to Pluto
Creators: name: Patočka, Vojtěch
name: Kihoulou, Martin
name: Čadek, Ondřej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planets and moons reorient in space due to mass redistribution associated with various types of internal and external processes. While the equilibrium orientation of a tidally locked body is well understood, much less explored are the dynamics of the reorientation process (or true polar wander, TPW, used here for the motion of either the rotation or the tidal pole). This is despite their importance for predicting the patterns of TPW-induced surface fractures, and for assessing whether enough time has passed for the equilibrium orientation to be reached. The only existing, and relatively complex numerical method for an accurate evaluation of the reorientation dynamics of a tidally locked body was described in a series of papers by Hu et al. (2017a,b, 2019). Here we demonstrate that an identical solution can be obtained with a simple approach, denoted as ow||mMIA, because, contrary to previous claims, during TPW the tidal and the rotation axes closely follow respectively the minor and the major axes of the total, time-evolving inertia tensor. Motivated by the presumed reorientation of Pluto, the use of the ow||mMIA method is illustrated on several test examples. In particular, we analyze whether reorientation paths are curved or straight when the load sign and the mass of the host body are varied. When tidal forcing is relatively small, the paths of negative anomalies (e.g.~basins) towards the rotation pole are highly curved, while positive loads may reach the sub- or anti-host point in a straightforward manner. Our results suggest that the Sputnik Planitia basin cannot be a negative anomaly at present day, and that the remnant figure of Pluto must have formed prior to the reorientation. Finally, the presented method is complemented with an energy balance that can be used to test the numerical solution.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to Icarus
Forewords for the special issue `Pilot-wave and beyond: Louis de Broglie and David Bohm's quest for a quantum ontology'
Creators: name: Drezet, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to celebrate this double birthday the journal Foundations of Physics publishes a topical collection `Pilot-wave and beyond' on the developments that have followed the pioneering works of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm on quantum foundations. This topical collection includes contributions from physicists and philosophers debating around the world about the scientific legacy of Bohm and de Broglie concerning the interpretation and understanding of quantum mechanics. In these forewords we give a general review of the historical context explaining how de Broglie and Bohm developed their interpretations of quantum mechanics. We further analyze the relationship between these two great thinkers and emphasize the role of several collaborators and continuators of their ontological approach to physics.
description: Forewords for the special issue of Foundations of Physics, 'Pilot-wave and beyond: Louis de Broglie and David Bohm's quest for a quantum ontology', ed. A. Drezet
Optimal population transfer using the adiabatic rapid passage in the presence of drive-induced dissipation
Creators: name: Chanda, Nilanjana
name: Patnaik, Pratik
name: Bhattacharyya, Rangeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) is extensively used to achieve efficient transfer or inversion of populations in quantum systems. Landau and Zener accurately estimated the transfer probability of ARP for a closed system and showed that this probability improved with higher drive amplitude. Recently, we have found that in open quantum systems, applying a strong drive can give rise to significant drive-induced dissipation (DID). Here, we investigate the effect of DID on the performance of ARP that is implemented using a linearly chirped pulse on a two-level system. From the Landau-Zener formula, the population transfer was known to be enhanced with increasing drive amplitude. However, here we show that beyond a threshold value of the drive amplitude, the transfer probability is reduced because of the detrimental effect of DID. We show that the competition between the two processes results in an optimal behavior of the population transfer. We also propose a phenomenological model that helps explain such nonmonotonic behavior of the transfer. Using this model, we estimate the optimum time at which the maximum population transfer occurs. We extend the analysis for rectangular as well as Gaussian pulse profiles and conclude that a Gaussian pulse outperforms a rectangular pulse.
description: 22 pages, 5 captioned figures
pH-dependent water permeability switching and its memory in 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes
Creators: name: Hu, C.
name: Achari, A.
name: Rowe, P.
name: Xiao, H.
name: Suran, S.
name: Li, Z.
name: Huang, K.
name: Chi, C.
name: Cherian, C. T.
name: Sreepal, V.
name: Bentley, P. D.
name: Pratt, A.
name: Zhang, N.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Michaelides, A.
name: Nair, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intelligent transport of molecular species across different barriers is critical for various biological functions and is achieved through the unique properties of biological membranes. An essential feature of intelligent transport is the ability to adapt to different external and internal conditions and also the ability to memorise the previous state. In biological systems, the most common form of such intelligence is expressed as hysteresis. Despite numerous advances made over previous decades on smart membranes, it is still a challenge for a synthetic membrane to display stable hysteretic behaviour for molecular transport. Here we show the memory effects and stimuli regulated transport of molecules through an intelligent phase changing MoS$_2$ membrane in response to external pH. We show that water and ion permeation through 1T' MoS$_2$ membranes follows a pH dependent hysteresis with a permeation rate that switches by a few orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is unique to the 1T' phase of MoS$_2$ due to the presence of surface charge and exchangeable ions on the surface. We further demonstrate the potential application of this phenomenon in autonomous wound infection monitoring and pH-dependent nanofiltration. Our work significantly deepens understanding of the mechanism of water transport at the nanoscale and opens an avenue for developing neuromorphic applications, smart drug delivery systems, point-of-care diagnostics, smart sensors, and intelligent filtration devices.
Probing enhanced electron-phonon coupling in graphene by infrared resonance Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Venanzi, Tommaso
name: Graziotto, Lorenzo
name: Macheda, Francesco
name: Sotgiu, Simone
name: Ouaj, Taoufiq
name: Stellino, Elena
name: Fasolato, Claudia
name: Postorino, Paolo
name: Mišeikis, Vaidotas
name: Metzelaars, Marvin
name: Kögerler, Paul
name: Beschoten, Bernd
name: Coletti, Camilla
name: Roddaro, Stefano
name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Ortolani, Michele
name: Stampfer, Christoph
name: Mauri, Francesco
name: Baldassarre, Leonetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on resonance Raman spectroscopy measurements with excitation photon energy down to 1.16 eV on graphene, to study how low-energy carriers interact with lattice vibrations. Thanks to the excitation energy close to the Dirac point at $\mathbf{K}$, we unveil a giant increase of the intensity ratio between the double-resonant 2D and 2D$^\prime$ peaks with respect to that measured in graphite. Comparing with fully \textit{ab initio} theoretical calculations, we conclude that the observation is explained by an enhanced, momentum-dependent coupling between electrons and Brillouin zone-boundary optical phonons. This finding applies to two dimensional Dirac systems and has important consequences for the modeling of transport in graphene devices operating at room temperature.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Discovery prospects of a light charged Higgs near the fermiophobic region of Type-I 2HDM
Creators: name: Bhatia, Disha
name: Desai, Nishita
name: Dwivedi, Siddharth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining if the SM-like Higgs is part of an extended Higgs sector is the most important question to be asked after discovery. A light charged Higgs boson with mass smaller than the sum of top and bottom quarks is naturally allowed in Type-I two Higgs doublet model and can be produced in association with neutral scalars for large parts of parameter space at the LHC. Such low mass charged scalars typically have dominant decays to the fermionic modes viz. $τν$ and $c s$. However in the presence of light neutral scalar ($φ$), the charged Higgs boson has a substantial branching fraction into the bosonic decay modes $H^{\pm} \to W^{(*)} φ$. Identifying the heavier neutral Higgs ($H$) with the observed 125 GeV Higgs and working in the limit $M_{H^\pm} \approx M_A$, we examine charged Higgs production and decay in the bosonic mode $p p \to H^\pm h \to W^{(*)}h h$. The presence of two light Higgses ($h$) is then the key to identifying charged Higgs production. The light Higgs branching ratio is largely dominated by the $b\bar{b}$ mode except when close to the fermiophobic limit. Here, the rates into $b \bar b$ and $γγ$ can be comparable and we can use the $γγb\bar{b}$ signature. This signature is complementary to the $h h \to 4γ$ which has been previously discussed in literature. Using the lepton from the $W$ boson, we demonstrate with a cut-and-count analysis that both the new light neutral Higgs as well as charged Higgs can be probed with reasonable significance at 13.6 TeV LHC with 300-3000 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.
description: 21 Pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
The Braking Index of a Radio-quiet Gamma-ray Pulsar
Creators: name: Clark, C. J.
name: Pletsch, H. J.
name: Wu, J.
name: Guillemot, L.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Johnson, T. J.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Allen, B.
name: Aulbert, C.
name: Beer, C.
name: Bock, O.
name: Cuéllar, A.
name: Eggenstein, H. B.
name: Fehrmann, H.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Machenschalk, B.
name: Nieder, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and timing measurements of PSR J1208-6238, a young and highly magnetized gamma-ray pulsar, with a spin period of 440 ms. The pulsar was discovered in gamma-ray photon data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during a blind-search survey of unidentified LAT sources, running on the distributed volunteer computing system Einstein@Home. No radio pulsations were detected in dedicated follow-up searches with the Parkes radio telescope, with a flux density upper limit at 1369 MHz of 30 $μ$Jy. By timing this pulsar's gamma-ray pulsations, we measure its braking index over five years of LAT observations to be $n = 2.598 \pm 0.001 \pm 0.1$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second estimates the bias due to timing noise. Assuming its braking index has been similar since birth, the pulsar has an estimated age of around 2,700 yr, making it the youngest pulsar to be found in a blind search of gamma-ray data and the youngest known radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar. Despite its young age the pulsar is not associated with any known supernova remnant or pulsar wind nebula. The pulsar's inferred dipolar surface magnetic field strength is $3.8 \times 10^{13}$ G, almost 90% of the quantum-critical level. We investigate some potential physical causes of the braking index deviating from the simple dipole model but find that LAT data covering a longer time interval will be necessary to distinguish between these.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL; fixed typo in title
Super-Resolution Analysis via Machine Learning: A Survey for Fluid Flows
Creators: name: Fukami, Kai
name: Fukagata, Koji
name: Taira, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper surveys machine-learning-based super-resolution reconstruction for vortical flows. Super resolution aims to find the high-resolution flow fields from low-resolution data and is generally an approach used in image reconstruction. In addition to surveying a variety of recent super-resolution applications, we provide case studies of super-resolution analysis for an example of two-dimensional decaying isotropic turbulence. We demonstrate that physics-inspired model designs enable successful reconstruction of vortical flows from spatially limited measurements. We also discuss the challenges and outlooks of machine-learning-based super-resolution analysis for fluid flow applications. The insights gained from this study can be leveraged for super-resolution analysis of numerical and experimental flow data.
Upper Bounds on the Distillable Randomness of Bipartite Quantum States
Creators: name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Regula, Bartosz
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The distillable randomness of a bipartite quantum state is an information-theoretic quantity equal to the largest net rate at which shared randomness can be distilled from the state by means of local operations and classical communication. This quantity has been widely used as a measure of classical correlations, and one version of it is equal to the regularized Holevo information of the ensemble that results from measuring one share of the state. However, due to the regularization, the distillable randomness is difficult to compute in general. To address this problem, we define measures of classical correlations and prove a number of their properties, most importantly that they serve as upper bounds on the distillable randomness of an arbitrary bipartite state. We then further bound these measures from above by some that are efficiently computable by means of semi-definite programming, we evaluate one of them for the example of an isotropic state, and we remark on the relation to quantities previously proposed in the literature.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, submission to the 2023 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, to take place in the walled city of Saint-Malo, France
Stiffer double-stranded DNA in two-dimensional confinement due to bending anisotropy
Creators: name: Salari, H.
name: Eslami-Mossallam, B.
name: Ranjbar, H. F.
name: Ejtehadi, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using analytical approach and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, we study the elastic behaviour of the intrinsically twisted elastic ribbons with bending anisotropy, such as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), in two-dimensional (2D) confinement. We show that, due to the bending anisotropy, the persistence length of dsDNA in 2D conformations is always greater than 3D conformations. This result is in consistence with the measured values for DNA persistence length in 2D and 3D in equal biological conditions. We also show that in 2D, an anisotropic, intrinsically twisted polymer exhibits an implicit twist-bend coupling, which leads to the kink formations with a half helical turn periodicity along the bent polymer.
Ladder Symmetries of Black Holes and de Sitter Space: Love Numbers and Quasinormal Modes
Creators: name: Berens, Roman
name: Hui, Lam
name: Sun, Zimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we present a synopsis of geometric symmetries for (spin 0) perturbations around (4D) black holes and de Sitter space. For black holes, we focus on static perturbations, for which the (exact) geometric symmetries have the group structure of SO(1,3). The generators consist of three spatial rotations, and three conformal Killing vectors obeying a special melodic condition. The static perturbation solutions form a unitary (principal series) representation of the group. The recently uncovered ladder symmetries follow from this representation structure; they explain the well-known vanishing of the black hole Love numbers. For dynamical perturbations around de Sitter space, the geometric symmetries are less surprising, following from the SO(1,4) isometry. As is well known, the quasinormal solutions form a non-unitary representation of the isometry group. We provide explicit expressions for the ladder operators associated with this representation. In both cases, the ladder structures help connect the boundary condition at the horizon with that at infinity (black hole) or origin (de Sitter space), and they manifest as contiguous relations of the hypergeometric solutions.
description: 37 pages, no figures v2: Author ZS added, section 2.1 extended
$T^3$-interferometer for atoms
Creators: name: Zimmermann, M.
name: Efremov, M. A.
name: Roura, A.
name: Schleich, W. P.
name: DeSavage, S. A.
name: Davis, J. P.
name: Srinivasan, A.
name: Narducci, F. A.
name: Werner, S. A.
name: Rasel, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum mechanical propagator of a massive particle in a linear gravitational potential derived already in 1927 by Earle H. Kennard \cite{Kennard,Kennard2} contains a phase that scales with the third power of the time $T$ during which the particle experiences the corresponding force. Since in conventional atom interferometers the internal atomic states are all exposed to the same acceleration $a$, this $T^3$-phase cancels out and the interferometer phase scales as $T^2$. In contrast, by applying an external magnetic field we prepare two different accelerations $a_1$ and $a_2$ for two internal states of the atom, which translate themselves into two different cubic phases and the resulting interferometer phase scales as $T^3$. We present the theoretical background for, and summarize our progress towards experimentally realizing such a novel atom interferometer.
description: submitted to the special issue of Applied Physics B
Data-Constrained Solar Modeling with GX Simulator
Creators: name: Nita, Gelu M.
name: Fleishman, Gregory D.
name: Kuznetsov, Alexey A.
name: Anfinogentov, Sergey A.
name: Stupishin, Alexey G.
name: Kontar, Eduard P.
name: Schonfeld, Samuel J.
name: Klimchuk, James A.
name: Gary, Dale E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To facilitate the study of solar active regions and flaring loops, we have created a modeling framework, the freely distributed GX Simulator IDL package, that combines 3D magnetic and plasma structures with thermal and non-thermal models of the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. The package has integrated tools to visualize the model data cubes, compute multi-wavelength emission maps from them, and quantitatively compare the resulting maps with observations. Its object-based modular architecture, which runs on Windows, Mac, and Unix/Linux platforms, offers capabilities that include the ability to either import 3D density and temperature distribution models, or to assign numerically defined coronal or chromospheric temperatures and densities, or their distributions to each individual voxel. The application integrates FORTRAN and C++ libraries for fast calculation of radio emission (free-free, gyroresonance, and gyrosynchrotron emission) along with soft and hard X-ray and EUV codes developed in IDL. To facilitate the creation of models, we have developed a fully automatic model production pipeline that downloads the required SDO/HMI vector magnetic field data and (optionally) the contextual SDO/AIA images, performs potential or nonlinear force free field extrapolations, populates the magnetic field skeleton with parameterized heated plasma coronal models that assume either steady-state or impulsive plasma heating, and generates non-LTE density and temperature distribution models of the chromosphere that are constrained by photospheric measurements. The standardized models produced by this pipeline may be further customized through a set of interactive tools provided by the graphical user interface. Here we describe the GX Simulator framework and its applications.
A fractal LTB model cannot explain Dark Energy
Creators: name: Pastén, Erick
name: Cárdenas, Víctor H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisited the problem of describing, on average, a fractal distribution of matter using a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) solution. Here we study the fractal structure of our local universe having a fractal dimension and a scale transition, ensuring an homogeneous bang-time function. We test our model with the latest type Ia supernova data, the Pantheon compilation, and discuss problems and possible improvements for it, concluding that a fractal transition in LTB cosmology cannot be used to explain the effects of dark energy without requiring an inhomogeneous big-bang, but it can be useful to study structures at low scales.
description: We show that following 10.48550/ARXIV.2302.04679, the model proposed requires an inhomogeneous big bang , therefore not solving the problem of DE. Our model construct a fractal matter model that assumes a homogeneous big bang, not requiring any new physics. We added a different smooth mass function to compare with the sharp one, not changing our principal results
Hamiltonians and gauge-invariant Hilbert space for lattice Yang-Mills-like theories with finite gauge group
Creators: name: Mariani, A.
name: Pradhan, S.
name: Ercolessi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by quantum simulation, we consider lattice Hamiltonians for Yang-Mills gauge theories with finite gauge group, for example a finite subgroup of a compact Lie group. We show that the electric Hamiltonian admits an interpretation as a certain natural, non-unique Laplacian operator on the finite Abelian or non-Abelian group, and derive some consequences from this fact. Independently of the chosen Hamiltonian, we provide a full explicit description of the physical, gauge-invariant Hilbert space for pure gauge theories and derive a simple formula to compute its dimension. We illustrate the use of the gauge-invariant basis to diagonalize a dihedral gauge theory on a small periodic lattice.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Interlayer-engineered local epitaxial templating induced enhancement in polarization (2P$_r$ > 70$μ$C/cm$^2$) in Hf$_{0.5}$Zr$_{0.5}$O$_2$ thin films
Creators: name: Rowtu, Srinu
name: Meihar, Paritosh
name: Pandey, Adityanarayan
name: Ali, Md. Hanif
name: Lashkare, Sandip
name: Ganguly, Udayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report a high remnant polarization, 2Pr >70$μ$C/cm$^2$ in thermally processed atomic layer deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film on Silicon with NH3 plasma exposed thin TiN interlayer and Tungsten (W) as a top electrode. The effect of interlayer on the ferroelectric properties of HZO is compared with standard Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal and Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor structures. X-Ray Diffraction shows that the Orthorhombic (o) phase increases as TiN is thinned. However, the strain in the o-phase is highest at 2 nm TiN and then relaxes significantly for the no-TiN case. HRTEM images reveal that the ultra-thin TiN acts as a seed layer for the local epitaxy in HZO potentially increasing the strain to produce a 2X improvement in the remnant polarization. Finally, the HZO devices are shown to be wake-up-free, and exhibit endurance >10^6 cycles. This study opens a pathway to achieve epitaxial ferroelectric HZO films on Si with improved memory performance.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Depth-controlled Bessel beams
Creators: name: Müller, Angelina
name: Wapler, Matthias C.
name: Wallrabe, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a ring aperture with independently switchable segments for the three-dimensional control of quasi propagation invariant beams. We demonstrate that our liquid crystal design concept preserves coherence and generates the Bessel beam structure.
description: To be presented at IEEE Conf. on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics 2016
Performance analysis of multi-shot shadow estimation
Creators: name: Zhou, You
name: Liu, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shadow estimation is an efficient method for predicting many observables of a quantum state with a statistical guarantee. In the multi-shot scenario, one performs projective measurement on the sequentially prepared state for $K$ times after the same unitary evolution, and repeats this procedure for $M$ rounds of random sampled unitary. As a result, there are $MK$ times measurements in total. Here we analyze the performance of shadow estimation in this multi-shot scenario, which is characterized by the variance of estimating the expectation value of some observable $O$. We find that in addition to the shadow-norm $\|O \|_{\mathrm{shadow}}$ introduced in [Huang et.al.~Nat.~Phys.~2020\cite{huang2020predicting}], the variance is also related to another norm, and we denote it as the cross-shadow-norm $\|O \|_{\mathrm{Xshadow}}$. For both random Pauli and Clifford measurements, we analyze and show the upper bounds of $\|O \|_{\mathrm{Xshadow}}$. In particular, we figure out the exact variance formula for Pauli observable under random Pauli measurements. Our work gives theoretical guidance for the application of multi-shot shadow estimation.
description: Discussions on measuring a collection of observables and details on numerical simulation are added
Dark matter and dark radiation from the early universe with a modulus coupled to the PQMSSM
Creators: name: Baer, Howard
name: Barger, Vernon
name: Deal, Robert Wiley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supersymmetrized DFSZ axion model is especially compelling in that it contains 1. the SUSY solution to the gauge hierarchy problem, 2. the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) solution to the strong CP problem and 3. the Kim-Nilles solution to the SUSY mu problem. In a string setting, where a discrete R-symmetry ({\bf Z}_{24}^R for example) may emerge from the compactification process, a high-quality accidental axion (accion) can emerge from the accidental, approximate remnant global U(1)_{PQ} symmetry where the decay constant f_a is linked to the SUSY breaking scale, and is within the cosmological sweet zone. In this setup, one also expects the presence of stringy remnant moduli fields ϕ_i. Here, we consider the situation of a single light modulus ϕcoupled to the PQMSSM in the early universe, with mixed axion plus higgsino-like WIMP dark matter. We evaluate dark matter and dark radiation production via nine coupled Boltzmann equations and assess the severity of the cosmological moduli problem (CMP) along with dark matter and dark radiation production rates. We find that typically the light modulus mass should be m_ϕ>~ 10^4 TeV to avoid the moduli-induced dark matter overproduction problem. If one is able to (anthropically) tune the modulus field amplitude, we find a value of ϕ_0 <~ 10^{-7}m_P would be required to solve the overall CMP.
description: 40 pages including 29 .png figures