cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: ÐÐ¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ°Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð²
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Enhancement of image quality by frame sequence
Creators: name: ÐÑÐºÐµÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¶Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð´
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ¸
ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹
Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ
neural networks
image quality
histogram equalisation

description: Ð¢ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Â«ÐÐ¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ°Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð²Â». ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: 1. ÐÐ·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2. Ð Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¹ 3. ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð°ÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ°Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð² 4. ÐÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ.
description: The subject of the graduate qualification work is Â«Enhancement of image quality by frame sequenceÂ». Objectives that were solved during this study: 1. Get to know the known problems for image quality enhancement 2. Learn the well-known methods for the topic introduction 3. Study modern actual developments for image quality enhancement by frame sequence 4. Test methods.
How Li & Paczynski Model of Kilonova Fits GW170817 Optical Counterpart
Creators: name: Kruszewski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original Li & Paczynski model of kilonova was compared with the observed bolometric optical light curve of the GW170817 electromagnetic counterpart. Perfect agreement is obtained for early observations up to 1.5 days since the time of merger.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, minor editorial changes, matches the published version
Falco palumbarius Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco
Falco palumbarius

description: Falco palumbarius [spec. nov.]
F. cera nigra margine pedibusque flavis, corpore fusco, rectricibus fasciis pallidis, superciliis albis.
Accipiter palumbarius. Aldr. ornith. l. 5. c. 2. Raj. av. 18. n. 1. Alb. av. 2. p. 8. t. 8.
Habitat in Europa, Gallinis infestus.
Subtus totus albus nigro undulatus. Rectrices apice albae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 91, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Nonlinear symmetries of perfectly invisible $PT$-regularized conformal and superconformal mechanics systems
Creators: name: Guilarte, Juan Mateos
name: Plyushchay, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the Lax-Novikov integral in the perfectly invisible $PT$-regularized zero-gap quantum conformal and superconformal mechanics systems affects on their (super)-conformal symmetries. We show that the expansion of the conformal symmetry with this integral results in a nonlinearly extended generalized Shrödinger algebra. The $PT$-regularized superconformal mechanics systems in the phase of the unbroken exotic nonlinear $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Poincaré symmetry are described by nonlinearly super-extended Schrödinger algebra with the $osp(2|2)$ sub-superalgebra. In the partially broken phase, the scaling dimension of all odd integrals is indefinite, and the $osp(2|2)$ is not contained as a sub-superalgebra.
description: 28 pages; v3: comments and references added, matches published version
MOESM1 of Modelling effects of time-variable exposure to the pyrethroid beta-cyfluthrin on rainbow trout early life stages
Creators: name: Zimmer, Elke
name: Preuss, Thomas
name: Norman, Steve
name: Minten, Barbara
name: Ducrot, Virginie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. The Additional file includes additional information on the experimental data used in the modelling study, as well as the model equations and fits of the basic physiological model.
Toward a Unified View of Black Hole High Energy States
Creators: name: Nowak, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a review of high energy (> 1 keV) observations of seven black hole candidates, six of which have estimated masses. In this review we focus on two parameters of interest: the ratio of ``non-thermal" to total luminosity as a function of the total luminosity divided by the Eddington luminosity, and the root mean square (rms) variability as a function of the non-thermal to total luminosity ratio. Below $\sim 10\%$ Eddington luminosity, the sources tend to be strictly non-thermal (the so called ``off" and ``low" states). Above this luminosity the sources become mostly thermal (the ``high" state), with the non-thermal component increasing with luminosity (the ``very high" and ``flare" states). There are important exceptions to this behavior, however, and no steady -- as opposed to transient -- source has been observed over a wide range of parameter space. In addition, the rms variability is positively correlated with the ratio of non-thermal to total luminosity, although there may be a minimum level of variability associated with ``thermal'' states. We discuss these results in light of theoretical models and find that currently no single model describes the full range of black hole high energy behavior. In fact, the observations are exactly opposite from what one expects based upon simple notions of accretion disk instabilities.
description: 12 pages, self-unpacking uuencoded postscript (figures included), to be published in Pub. of the Astro. Society of the Pacific
Line asymmetry of solar p-modes: Properties of acoustic sources
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Basu, Sarbani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed solar p-mode velocity power spectra are compared with theoretically calculated power spectra over a range of mode degree and frequency. The shape of the theoretical power spectra depends on the depth of acoustic sources responsible for the excitation of p-modes, and also on the multipole nature of the source. We vary the source depth to obtain the best fit to the observed spectra. We find that quadrupole acoustic sources provide a good fit to the observed spectra provided that the sources are located between 700 km and 1050 km below the top of the convection zone. The dipole sources give a good fit for significantly shallower source, with a source-depth of between 120 km and 350 km. The main uncertainty in the determination of depth arises due to poor knowledge of nature of power leakages from modes with adjacent degrees, and the background in the observed spectra.
description: Extensively revised. To appear in ApJ
L-functions for Meromorphic Modular Forms and Sum Rules in Conformal Field Theory
Creators: name: McGady, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define L-functions for meromorphic modular forms that are regular at cusps, and use them to: (i) find new relationships between Hurwitz class numbers and traces of singular moduli, (ii) establish predictions from the physics of T-reflection, and (iii) express central charges in two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFT) as a literal sum over the states in the CFTs spectrum. When a modular form has an order-$p$ pole away from cusps, its $q$-series coefficients grow as $n^{p-1} e^{2 πn t}$ for $t \geq \sqrt{3}/2$. Its L-function must be regularized. We define such L-functions by a deformed Mellin transform. We study the L-functions of logarithmic derivatives of modular forms.L-functions of logarithmic derivatives of Borcherds products reveal a new relationship between Hurwitz class numbers and traces of singular moduli. If we can write 2d CFT path integrals as infinite products, our L-functions confirm T-reflection predictions and relate central charges to regularized sums over the states in a CFTs spectrum. Equating central charges, which are a proxy for the number of degrees of freedom in a theory, directly to a sum over states in these CFTs is new and relies on our regularization of such sums that generally exhibit exponential (Hagedorn) divergences.
description: 46 pages; minor updates and corrections which match published version
NEMS by sidewall transfer lithography
Creators: name: Liu, Dixi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: A batch fabrication process for nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) based on sidewall transfer lithography (STL) is developed and demonstrated. The STL is used to form nanoscale flexible silicon suspensions entirely by conventional lithography. A two-step process is designed for single-layer STL to fabricate simple electrothermal actuators, while a three-step process is designed to allow nanoscale features intersecting with each other for more complicated device lay-outs. Fabricated nanoscale features has a minimum in-plane width of approx. 100nm and a high aspect ratio of 50 : 1. Combined structures with microscale and nanoscale parts are transferred together into silicon by deep reactive etching (DRIE). Suspensions are achieved either by plasma undercut or HF vapour etch based on BSOI. The STL processes are used to form nanoscale suspensions while conventional lithography is used to form localised microscale features such as anchors. A wide variety of demonstrator devices have been fabricated with high feature quality. Analytic models have been developed to compare with experimental characterization and finite element analysis (FEA) predictions. Lattice structures fabricated by multi-layer STL have also be investigated as a novel type of mechanical metamaterial. Thus, the process could allow low-cost and mass parallel fabrication of future NEMS with a wider range of potential applications.
Loop Corrections in Non-Linear Cosmological Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Scoccimarro, Roman
name: Frieman, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a diagrammatic approach to Eulerian perturbation theory, we analytically calculate the variance and skewness of the density and velocity divergence induced by gravitational evolution from Gaussian initial conditions, including corrections *beyond* leading order. Except for the power spectrum, previous calculations in cosmological perturbation theory have been confined to leading order (tree level)-we extend these to include loop corrections. For scale-free initial power spectra, the one-loop variance σ^2 = σ^2_l + 1.82 σ^4_l and the skewness S_3 = 34/7 + 9.8 σ^2_l, where σ_l is the rms fluctuation of the linear density field. We also compute loop corrections to the variance, skewness, and kurtosis for several non-linear approximation schemes, where the calculation can be easily generalized to 1-point cumulants of higher order and arbitrary number of loops. We find that the Zel'dovich approximation gives the best approximation to the loop corrections of exact perturbation theory, followed by the Linear Potential approximation (LPA) and the Frozen Flow approximation (FFA), in qualitative agreement with the relative behavior of tree-level results. In LPA and FFA, loop corrections are infrared divergent for spectral indices n < 0; this is related to the breaking of Galilean invariance in these schemes.
description: 53 pages, uuencoded and gzipped postscript file, 20 figures, 25 tables, also available at http://fnas08.fnal.gov/cumu.uu
MOESM1 of A digital elevation model for simulating the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour
Creators: name: Hasan, Haider
name: Atwater, Brian
name: Shoaib Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scan of the 1955 edition of Admiralty nautical chart (BA 40), “Karáchi Harbour”. Figure S2. Scan the 1951 edition of the Karachi Guide Map, published by Survey of Pakistan. Figure S3. Points used to georeference various editions of BA 40 and the Guide Maps (Table 1), plotted on a modern image from Google Earth. Figure S4. Shaded relief image of the DEM showing a comparison of 3 and 6 fathom contours digitized from BA 40 and extracted from the DEM.
With and without spectroscopy: Gaia DR2 proper motions of seven Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Massari, Davide
name: Helmi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mean absolute proper motion measurements for seven ultra-faint dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way, namely Boötes III, Carina II, Grus II, Reticulum II, Sagittarius II, Segue 2 and Tucana IV. For four of these dwarfs our proper motion estimate is the first ever provided. The adopted astrometric data come from the second data release of the Gaia mission. We determine the mean proper motion for each galaxy starting from an initial guess of likely members, based either on radial velocity measurements or using stars on the Horizontal Branch identified in the Gaia ($G_{\rm BP}$-$G_{\rm RP}$,$G$) colour-magnitude diagram in the field of view towards the UFD. We then refine their membership iteratively using both astrometry and photometry. We take into account the full covariance matrix among the astrometric parameters when deriving the mean proper motions for these systems. Our procedure provides mean proper motions with typical uncertainties of $\sim0.1$ mas/yr, even for galaxies without prior spectroscopic information. In the case of Segue 2 we find that using radial velocity members only leads to biased results, presumably because of the small number of stars with measured radial velocities. Our procedure allows to maximize the number of member stars per galaxy regardless of the existence of prior spectroscopic information, and can therefore be applied on any faint or distant stellar system within reach of Gaia.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Revised version, accepted for publication by A&A
Performance modelling with adaptive hidden Markov models and discriminatory processor sharing queues
Creators: name: Chis, Tiberiu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In modern computer systems, workload varies at different times and locations. It is important to model the performance of such systems via workload models that are both representative and efficient. For example, model-generated workloads represent realistic system behaviour, especially during peak times, when it is crucial to predict and address performance bottlenecks. In this thesis, we model performance, namely throughput and delay, using adaptive models and discrete queues. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) parsimoniously capture the correlation and burstiness of workloads with spatiotemporal characteristics. By adapting the batch training of standard HMMs to incremental learning, online HMMs act as benchmarks on workloads obtained from live systems (i.e. storage systems and financial markets) and reduce time complexity of the Baum-Welch algorithm. Similarly, by extending HMM capabilities to train on multiple traces simultaneously it follows that workloads of different types are modelled in parallel by a multi-input HMM. Typically, the HMM-generated traces verify the throughput and burstiness of the real data. Applications of adaptive HMMs include predicting user behaviour in social networks and performance-energy measurements in smartphone applications. Equally important is measuring system delay through response times. For example, workloads such as Internet traffic arriving at routers are affected by queueing delays. To meet quality of service needs, queueing delays must be minimised and, hence, it is important to model and predict such queueing delays in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Therefore, we propose a class of discrete, processor-sharing queues for approximating queueing delay as response time distributions, which represent service level agreements at specific spatiotemporal levels. We adapt discrete queues to model job arrivals with distributions given by a Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) and served under discriminatory processor-sharing scheduling. Further, we propose a dynamic strategy of service allocation to minimise delays in UDP traffic flows whilst maximising a utility function.
On the development of SAFT-γ force fields for ionic surfactants and theories of micellization
Creators: name: Kiesel, Matthias
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Surfactants have exceptional influence on the behaviour of systems they are part of. They lower the interfacial tension at phase boundaries and cause micellization inside bulk phases. Molecular modelling and simulation is used in this thesis to gain insight into the behaviour of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in aqueous solution and make a step towards the modelling of such systems. For use in molecular simulation, the statistical association fluid theory for Mie potentials (SAFT-VR Mie) and its extension to charged systems is shown to be applicable for the parameterisation of coarse-grained force fields for strong electrolytes for use in direct molecular simulation. The resulting strong electrolyte models are found to reproduce the osmotic coefficients and densities of various strong electrolyte in aqueous solution well. Furthermore, the transferability of these strong electrolyte models to the molecular simulation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, is thoroughly investigated. The micellization behaviour, such as the free surfactant concentration, equilibration times and micelle shape is found to be qualitatively well reproduced with good agreement for micelle size. At interfaces between water and air as well as water and n-dodecane, the SDS model correctly predicts the lowering of the interfacial tension and onset of micellization at higher surfactant concentrations. Artefacts such 5 as the partitioning of charged species into apolar phases remain challenges for further improvements. In addition to molecular simulation, a SAFT-γ Mie enhanced theory of micellization for the description of non-ionic surfactants is developed in this work. In this enhanced version, the interfacial tensions are calculated via the square-gradient theory and experimental correlations for the transfer of surfactant tails from the aqueous phase into the micelle are replaced with SAFT-γ Mie calculations. The reduced parameterisation effort compared to other micellization theories allows for the extension towards more complex surfactant compositions while the quality of description of the micellization theory is improved simultaneously. Altogether, the work presented in this thesis is a step towards a more predictive description of surfactants in aqueous solution utilising SAFT.
Investigating transition metal formyl complexes for homogeneous syngas conversion
Creators: name: Gates, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The conversion of synthesis gas, (syngas; a mixture of CO and H2), to liquid fuels has been a process that has been studied for more than a century. Current heterogeneous operating procedures are poorly understood and as such are unselective, requiring costly refining to separate the desired products. It has long been hoped that an alternative homogenous process may allow for the mechanistic insight and understanding to rationally design the conversion of syngas to specific products. This thesis aims to explore the steric and electronic environment of the carbonyl ligand within iron transition metal complexes, as a model for homogenous syngas conversion. Particular attention has been paid to the first step of syngas conversion; hydride transfer to form a formyl complex. Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the developments to date, in both heterogeneous and homogenous systems for syngas conversion. The use of frustrated Lewis pairs to hydrogenate a carbonyl directly from hydrogen is also discussed in addition to a discussion of the various mechanisms and intermediates present in a homogenous system. Chapter 2 describes the reduction and subsequent reactivity of the carbonyl complex [Fe(CO)2(Cp*)][BArF24]. Hydrogenation, directly using hydrogen gas in conjunction with FLP systems is discussed. Chapter 3 describes the use of bisphosphine ligands to impart electron density and stability to transition metal formyl complexes. This work is also discussed in relation to FLP hydrogenation. Chapter 4 gives an overview of the reactivity of some neutral carbonyl complexes and their reactivity with FLP systems. Chapter 5 provides an alternative approach for future homogenous transition metal carbonyl reduction chemistry. Some preliminary results are included to support the investigation of such a route for further study. Chapter 6 details experimental procedures used in this work.
Line asymmetry of solar p-modes: Reversal of asymmetry in intensity power spectra
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Basu, Sarbani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sense of line asymmetry of solar p-modes in the intensity power spectra is observed to be opposite of that seen in the velocity power spectra. Theoretical calculations provide a good understanding and fit to the observed velocity power spectra whereas the reverse sense of asymmetry in the intensity power spectrum has been poorly understood. We show that when turbulent eddies arrive at the top of the convection zone they give rise to an observable intensity fluctuation which is correlated with the oscillation they generate, thereby affecting the shape of the line in the p-mode power spectra and reversing the sense of asymmetry (this point was recognized by Nigam et al. and Roxburgh & Vorontsov). The addition of the correlated noise displaces the frequencies of peaks in the power spectrum. Depending on the amplitude of the noise source the shift in the position of the peak can be substantially larger than the frequency shift in the velocity power spectra. In neither case are the peak frequencies precisely equal to the eigenfrequencies of p-modes. We suggest two observations which can provide a test of the model discussed here.
description: Revised version. To appear in ApJ
title: ADCO, Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491) (11 H 1179), f. 00037
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: comptes
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179), f. 00037, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Animal models of Takotsubo syndrome: a multi-level experimental approach
Creators: name: Tranter, Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Takotsubo syndrome, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome and stress cardiomyopathy, is a form of acquired cardiac failure that typically occurs after a period of intense emotional or physical stress. Patients typically present with symptoms indicative of acute coronary syndrome, but angiography shows no culprit pathology. Ventricular imaging shows a hypokinetic apical, and often mid-LV, myocardium coupled with a hyperkinetic basal myocardium, although inverted Takotsubo variants with or without mid-LV sparing have also been described. The majority of reported Takotsubo syndrome cases are in post-menopausal females, although it can occur in both males and females across a wide range of ages. Using a previously-described method of inducing transient apical dysfunction in male rats by administering IV high-dose adrenaline, ovariectomised females showed a far greater sensitivity to the same adrenaline dose than non-ovariectomised females, showing a higher mortality rate. 2-week estrogen replacement did ameliorate this increase in mortality, although vehicle-only minipumps also had some effect in reducing mortality in ovariectomised female rats. 2-week estrogen administration to male rats did not result in a significantly-different mortality rate. Attempts to recapitulate another Takotsubo syndrome model by administering IP high-dose isoprenaline demonstrated that choice of anaesthetic was crucial in allowing a necessary condition, hyperthermia, to occur, as maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane rather than ketamine-midazolam prevented this rise in body temperature caused by the administration of isoprenaline. Hyperthermia was found to be an essential condition for the induction of apical dysfunction in this model, although the removal of hyperthermia after the initiation of contractile dysfunction did not reverse the Takotsubo-like contractility pattern. Attempts to recreate the contractile dysfunction in the isolated heart were unsuccessful. However, imaging studies showed that adrenaline can induce a mitochondrial dysfunction in the isolated rat heart, with hyperthermia augmenting this effect.
Numerical modelling of tsunami generated by deformable submarine slides
Creators: name: Smith, Rebecca Claire
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Submarine slides can generate tsunami waves that cause significant damage and loss of life. Numerical modelling of submarine slide generated waves is complex and computationally challenging, but is useful to understand the nature of the waves that are generated, and identify the important factors in determining wave characteristics which in turn are used in risk assessments. In this work, the open-source, finite-element, unstructured mesh fluid dynamics framework Fluidity is used to simulate submarine slide tsunami using a number of different numerical approaches. First, three alternative approaches for simulating submarine slide acceleration, deformation and wave generation with full coupling between the slide and water in two dimensions are compared. Each approach is verified against benchmarks from experimental and other numerical studies, at different scales, for deformable submarine slides. There is good agreement to both laboratory results and other numerical models, both with a fixed mesh and a dynamically adaptive mesh, tracking important features of the slide geometry as the simulation progresses. Second, Fluidity is also used in a single-layer Bousinesq approximation in conjunction with a prescribed velocity boundary condition to model the propagation of slide tsunami in two and three dimensions. A new, efficient approach for submarine slide tsunami that accounts for slide dynamics and deformation is developed by imposing slide dynamics, derived from multi-material simulations. Two submarine slides are simulated in the Atlantic Ocean, and these generate waves up to 10 m high at the coast of the British Isles. Results indicate the largest waves are generated in the direction of slide motion. The lowest waves are generated perpendicular to the slide motion. The slide velocity and acceleration are the most important factors in determining wave height. Slides that deform generate higher waves than rigid slides, although this effect is of secondary importance for generated wave amplitudes.
The origin of soft X-rays in luminous AGN
Creators: name: Mannheim, K.
name: Schulte, M.
name: Rachen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that the UV bump spectrum of quasars extends into the soft X-ray range with a steep power law. For radio-louds, the spectral index is alpha_s ~ 1.7 (S_nu = S_o nu^-alpha), and for radio-quiets it should be somewhat steeper alpha_s >~ 1.7. The prediction is based on a simple scenario in which all quasars, radio-quiets and radio-louds, are assumed to have jets close to their accretion disks. Soft X-rays are produced via unsaturated Comptonization of UV photons from the disk in the (marginally) optically thick jet base. Nonthermal hard X-rays are produced further downstream. The scenario requires that (i) the jet kinetic luminosity is always of the same order as the UV luminosity and (ii) that the nonthermal radiative efficiency is ~ 10%. In radio-quiets, the jets should have speeds of ~ 0.3c and a low Mach number leading to rapid decollimation and turbulent mass entrainment within the central parsec.
description: 4 pages, uuencoded and compressed Postscript file, also available at http://www.uni-sw.gwdg.de/preprints/preprints.html
A Zeldovich reconstruction method for measuring redshift space distortions using cosmic voids
Creators: name: Nadathur, Seshadri
name: Carter, Paul
name: Percival, Will
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Redshift space distortions (RSD) in the void-galaxy correlation $ξ^s$ provide information on the linear growth rate of structure in low density environments. Accurate modelling of these RSD effects can also allow the use of voids in competitive Alcock-Paczynski measurements. Linear theory models of $ξ^s$ are able to provide extremely good descriptions of simulation data on all scales provided the real space void positions are known. However, by reference to simulation data we demonstrate the failure of the assumptions implicit in current models of $ξ^s$ for voids identified directly in redshift space, as would be simplest using real observational data. To overcome this problem we instead propose using a density-field reconstruction method based on the Zeldovich approximation to recover the real space void positions from redshift space data. We show that this recovers the excellent agreement between theory and data for $ξ^s$. Performing the reconstruction requires an input cosmological model so, to be self-consistent, we have to perform reconstruction for every model to be tested. We apply this method to mock galaxy and void catalogues in the Big MultiDark $N$-body simulation and consistently recover the fiducial growth rate to a precision of $3.4\%$ using the simulation volume of $(2.5\;h^{-1}\mathrm{Gpc})^3$.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, including 1 appendix. Published in MNRAS. v2: minor edits to match published version
title: Decoding Legalese Without Borders: Multilingual Evaluation of Language Models on Long Legal Texts
Creators: name: Niklaus, Joël
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
subject: 340 Law
subject: 410 Linguistics

description: Pretrained transformers have sparked an explosion of research in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Scaling up language models based on the transformer architecture in terms of size, compute, and data led to impressive emergent capabilities that were considered unattainable in such a brief span, a mere three years ago, prior to the launch of GPT-3. These advances catapulted the previously niche field of legal NLP into the mainstream, at the latest, with GPT-4 passing the bar. Many products based on GPT-4 and other large language models are entering the market at an increasing pace, many of those targeting the legal field. This dissertation makes contributions in two key areas within Natural Language Processing (NLP) focused on legal text: resource curation and detailed model analysis. First, we curate an extensive set of multilingual legal datasets, train a variety of language models on these, and establish comprehensive benchmarks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in the legal domain. Second, we conduct a multidimensional analysis of model performance, focusing on metrics like explainability and calibration in the context of Legal Judgment Prediction. We introduce novel evaluation frameworks and find that while our trained models exhibit high performance and better calibration than human experts, they do not necessarily offer improved explainability. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of re-identification in anonymized legal texts, concluding that large-scale re-identification using LLMs is currently unfeasible. For future work, we propose exploring domain adaptation and instruction tuning to enhance language model performance on legal benchmarks, while also advocating for a detailed examination of dataset overlaps and model interpretability. Additionally, we emphasize the need for dataset extension to unexplored legal tasks and underrepresented jurisdictions, aiming for a more comprehensive coverage of the global legal landscape in NLP resources.
MOESM1 of Distinct Innate Immunity Pathways to Activation and Tolerance in Subgroups of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Distinct Immunoglobulin Receptors
Creators: name: Ntoufa, Stavroula
name: Vardi, Anna
name: Papakonstantinou, Nikos
name: Achilles Anagnostopoulos
name: Aleporou-Marinou, Vassiliki
name: Belessi, Chrysoula
name: Ghia, Paolo
name: Caligaris-Cappio, Federico
name: Muzio, Marta
name: Stamatopoulos, Kostas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Supplementary material, approximately 2.96 KB.
Adaptive observer design for parabolic partial differential equations
Creators: name: Ascencio, Pedro
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis addresses the observer design problem, for a class of linear one-dimensional parabolic Partial Differential Equations, considering the simultaneous estimation of states and parameters from boundary measurements. The design is based on the Backstepping methodology for Partial Differential Equations and extends its central idea, the Volterra transformation, to compensate for the parameters uncertainties. The design steps seek to reject time-varying parameter uncertainties setting forth a type of differential boundary value problems (Kernel-PDE/ODEs) to accomplish its objective, the solution of which is computed at every fixed sampling time and constitutes the observer gains for states and parameters. The design does not include any pre-transformation to some canonical form and/or a finite-dimensional formulation, and performs a direct parameter estimation from the original model. The observer design problem considers two cases of parameter uncertainty, at the boundary: control gain coefficient, and in-domain: diffusivity and reactivity parameters, respectively. For a Luenberger-type observer structure, the problems associated to one and two points of measurement at the boundary are studied through the application of an intuitive modification of the Volterra-type and Fredholm-type transformations. The resulting Kernel-PDE/ODEs are addressed by means of a novel methodology based on polynomial optimization and Sum-of-Squares decomposition. This approach allows recasting these coupled differential equations as convex optimization problems readily implementable resorting to semidefinite programming, with no restrictions to the spectral characteristics of some integral operators or system's coefficients. Additionally, for polynomials Kernels, uniqueness and invertibility of the Fredholm-type transformation are proved in the space of real analytic and continuous functions. The direct and inverse Kernels are approximated as the optimal polynomial solution of a Sum-of-Squares and Moment problem with theoretically arbitrary precision. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and potentialities of the methodology proposed to manage a variety of problems with different structures and objectives.
A New Mathematical Formulation for a Phase Change Problem with a Memory Flux
Creators: name: Roscani, Sabrina
name: Bollati, Julieta
name: Tarzia, Domingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35R35, 26A33, 35C05, 33E20, 80A22

description: A mathematical model for a one-phase change problem (particularly a Stefan problem) with a memory flux, is obtained. The hypothesis that the weighted sum of fluxes back in time is proportional to the gradient of temperature is considered. The model obtained involves fractional derivatives with respect on time in the sense of Caputo and in the sense of Riemann--Liouville. An integral relationship for the free boundary which is equivalent to the `fractional Stefan condition' is also obtained.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Falco nisus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco
Falco nisus

description: Falco nisus [spec. nov.]
F. cera viridi, pedibus flavis, pectore albo fusco undulato, cauda fasciis nigricantibus. Fn. svec. 68.
Accipiter fringillarius. Gesn. av. 51. Aldr. ornith. l. 5. c. 3. Bell. av. 19. b. Will. ornith. 51. t. 5. Raj. av. 18. Alb. av. 3. p. 4. t. 4. & 1. p. 5. t. 5. femina.
Moscheutus. Aldr. ornith. 345.
Habitat in Europa; Columbis Passeribusque infestus; venatur egregie Alaudas, eoque utimur in aucupiis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 92, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0129
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0129, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0129, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Saint-Seine
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2820709
Early Star Formation and the Evolution of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Galaxies
Creators: name: Larson, Richard B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has frequently been suggested that the stellar IMF in galaxies was top-heavy at early times. This would be plausible physically if the IMF depends on a mass scale such as the Jeans mass that was higher at earlier times because of the generally higher temperatures that were present then. In this paper it is suggested, on the basis of current evidence and theory, that the IMF has a universal Salpeter-like form at the upper end but flattens below a characteristic stellar mass that may vary with time. Much of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, including the ubiquitous G-dwarf problem, the high abundance of heavy elements in clusters of galaxies, and the high rate of formation of massive stars in high-redshift galaxies, can be accounted for with such an IMF if the characteristic stellar mass was several times higher during the early stages of galaxy evolution. However, significant variations in the mass-to-light ratios of galaxies and large amounts of dark matter in stellar remnants are not as easily explained in this way because they require more extreme and less plausible assumptions about the form and variability of the IMF. Metal-free 'population III' stars are predicted to have an IMF that consists exclusively of massive stars, and they could help to account for some of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, as well as contributing importantly to the energetics and chemical enrichment of the early universe.
description: 22 pages, text only, accepted by MNRAS
Generation of high-contrast, terawatt to petawatt OPCPA laser pulses
Creators: name: Stuart, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Laser-matter experiments using >10^18 W cm^2 focused light intensities from terawatt to petawatt peak-power laser systems are highly sensitive to the optical noise sources that are generated and amplified in conjunction with the primary high-power laser pulse. This limits the temporal intensity contrast, the signal to noise of the primary pulse intensity in time. This thesis presents a detailed investigation into the noise sources that degrade the contrast of high-power laser pulses created for laser-matter interaction experiments. To achieve this, a high-contrast multi-terawatt peak-power laser system, named Cerberus, has been developed to deliver up to 5 J, 500 fs pulses (10 TW) using an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) front-end and Nd:Glass laser rod power amplifiers. To compliment this study, >10^10 dynamic range diagnostics have been developed that measure these noise sources in the presence of the intense primary pulse. Parametric fluorescence noise from parametric amplifiers was measured with a diagnostic able to observe the real-time seeded OPCPA fluorescence noise emission and determined the fluorescence emission to be directly linked to the level of pump-depletion, with a ~500 times contrast enhancement from the undepleted to maximum pump depletion modes of operation. A combination of picosecond-pumped OPCPA and nanosecond-pumped OPCPA amplifiers effectively suppresses the longer timescale parametric fluorescence to >10^8-10^10 contrast. A scanning third-order autocorrelator diagnostic (TOAD) was developed to characterise the compressed pulses emitted from a range of mode-locked laser oscillator sources and the compressed high-power laser pulses from major laser laboratories in the UK. We found the commonly used chirped pulse amplification architecture limits the temporal contrast from formation of an incoherent noise pedestal that can extend many hundred of picoseconds before the arrival of the primary laser pulse. We also observed non-linear generation of pre-pulses from internal reflections inside parallel-faced OPCPA crystals incident with long duration pump pulses.
Additional file 3: of A whole-blood RNA transcript-based gene signature is associated with the development of CTLA-4 blockade-related diarrhea in patients with advanced melanoma treated with the checkpoint inhibitor tremelimumab
Creators: name: Friedlander, Philip
name: Wood, Kevin
name: Wassmann, Karl
name: Christenfeld, Alan
name: Bhardwaj, Nina
name: Oh, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S3 (a) Using a − 1.70 cut off when testing the 16-gene signature on the discovery data set showed a 66.7% sensitivity, 74.4% specificity, 29.8% PPV, and 93.2% NPV with correct classification of 73.3% of patients. Accuracy of patient classification of as a function of diarrhea grade using the 16-gene signature. (b) Applying this − 1.70 cut off to the validation data set revealed an 89.3% sensitivity, 51.9% specificity, 40.3% PPV, and 93% NPV with correct classification of 61.9% of patients. Accuracy of patient classification of as a function of diarrhea grade using the 16-gene signature. (DOCX 92 kb)
The Bright Quasar 3C 273
Creators: name: Courvoisier, Thierry J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the observed properties of the bright quasar 3C~273 and discuss the implications of these observations for the emission processes and in view of gaining a more global understanding of the object. Continuum and line emission are discussed. The emission from the radio domain to gamma rays are reviewed. Emphasis is given to variability studies across the spectrum as a means to gain some understanding on the relationships between the emission components. 3C~273 has a small scale jet and a large scale jet. The properties of these jets are described. It is also attempted to relate the activity in the small scale jet to that observed in the radio and infrared continuum.
description: 47 pages, 12 figures. to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics review