cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of collateral types used by financial intermediaries in KwaZulu-Natal
Creators: name: Kuhn, M.E.
name: Darroch, Mark A.G.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Kuhn, M.E.
name: Darroch, Mark A.G.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Collateral is an important incentive device used by lenders to encourage loan repayment. However, collateral must have secure and transferable title, it must be marketable, have low lender liquidation costs and lenders must be able to attach the collateral. Study results for rural and micro-enterprise finance institutions in KwaZulu-Natal showed that assets such as vehicles and equipment were not effective as collateral due to high costs in attaching the asset. Cessions on crops were often constrained by flaws in collection mechanisms. Secure and transferable property rights were important preconditions for land to have value as collateral. Collateral substitutes such as joint liability mechanisms were less effective when lending to large farmer groups (30-60 members) compared with small groups (4-6 individuals) of micro-entrepreneurs operating in urban areas.
Major Change in Understanding of GRBs at TeV
Creators: name: Mirzoyan, Razmik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-duration GRBs are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known in the Universe. Their initial prompt flashes of MeV gamma rays are followed by longer-lasting afterglow emission from radio waves to GeV gamma rays. Emission at TeV energies had been theoretically predicted, but never confirmed by observations. Here we report the detection of a huge signal from GRB 190114C in the TeV energy range by the MAGIC imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Starting one minute after the onset of the burst, gamma rays in the energy range 0.2 -1 TeV were observed at more than 50 sigma level. This allowed us to study the spectral and temporal development of the GRB, revealing a new emission component in the afterglow with a power comparable to that of the synchrotron component. We found a second peak in the spectral energy distribution of the GRB at an energy of few hundred GeVs. Our modeling, based on the data from the two dozen space- and ground-based instruments that followed GRB 190114C at multiple wavelengths, supports the explanation that the second peak is due to the Inverse Compton radiation mechanism. The two-peaked structure of the spectral energy distribution allows us to constrain some of the key physical parameters of the GRB as the bulk Lorentz factor, minimal electron energy, the ratio of the radiation to magnetic field density. Recently also the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope reported on a 5 sigma gamma-ray signal from the GRB 180720B, measured in the afterglow phase, 10 hours after the onset of the explosion. These observations prove that the GRBs are more powerful than assumed until recently. Because the observed GRBs did not show peculiar properties, we believe that from now on detection of gamma-ray signal from GRB afterglows at very high energies will become one of the standard observations.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings of the highlight presentation at the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Madison, WI, USA, 24 July - 1 August 2019
Additional file 2 of Re-Analysis of 16S Amplicon Sequencing Data Reveals Soil Microbial Population Shifts in Rice Fields under Drought Condition
Creators: name: Seok-Won Jang
name: Myeong-Hyun Yoou
name: Woo-Jong Hong
name: Yeon-Ju Kim
name: Lee, Eun-Jin
name: Jung, Ki-Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Box plots of indexes for alpha diversity by drought condition (A) or by both factors (B) (Chao1, Faith_PD, Shannon, Simpson). Each index is calculated using the QIIME2 functions: qiime diversity alpha-phylogenetic and qiime diversity alpha.
Simple recipes for compact remnant masses and natal kicks
Creators: name: Mandel, Ilya
name: Müller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on recent results from three-dimensional supernova simulations and semi-analytical parametrised models, we develop analytical prescriptions for the dependence of the mass of neutron stars and black holes and the natal kicks, if any, on the pre-supernova carbon-oxygen core and helium shell masses. Our recipes are probabilistic rather than deterministic in order to account for the intrinsic stochasticity of stellar evolution and supernovae. We anticipate that these recipes will be particularly useful for rapid population synthesis, and we illustrate their application to distributions of remnant masses and kicks for a population of single stars.
description: Version accepted to MNRAS
On elliptic solutions of the cubic complex one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation
Creators: name: Vernov, S. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cubic complex one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation is considered. Using the Hone's method, based on the use of the Laurent-series solutions and the residue theorem, we have proved that this equation has neither elliptic standing wave nor elliptic travelling wave solutions. This result amplifies the Hone's result, that this equation has no elliptic travelling wave solutions.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages
Additional file 5 of Re-Analysis of 16S Amplicon Sequencing Data Reveals Soil Microbial Population Shifts in Rice Fields under Drought Condition
Creators: name: Seok-Won Jang
name: Myeong-Hyun Yoou
name: Woo-Jong Hong
name: Yeon-Ju Kim
name: Lee, Eun-Jin
name: Jung, Ki-Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S4. Bar plot of the 16 most abundant phyla from rhizosphere and rhizoplane data collected under drought stress. Each bar represents the mean value under each condition. The 16 most abundant phyla in each treatment are integrated, resulting in the identification of 16 phyla, including unassigned phyla. Only groups within the Proteobacteria are presented as classes. Phyla other than those classified are clustered as “Others.” Detailed information on each sample is presented in Table S11.
Formation and flight control of affordable quad-rotor unmanned air vehicles
Creators: name: Chen, Ming
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For several decades, Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) have generated considerable interest in the control and commercial community due to their advantages over manned systems. Cutting edge techniques in senors, communications and robust control can now make affordable commercial missions involving Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) a reality. The aim of this work was to control an autonomous UAV using H[sub ∞] loop shaping and MPC control laws and further demonstrate formation control with three such identical UAVs. The UAV used in our project is the four-rotor Dragonflyer III helicopter. To achieve the project objectives, a nonlinear model of the Dragonflyer III and further a Quasi-LPV model were developed. An H[sub ∞] loop shaping control law was designed for stabilization and speed loops. For the trajectory control, two controllers, an H[sub ∞] and an MPC, were designed and compared. This project then was extended to control 3 quad-rotor UAVs in equilateral triangle flying formation, objective for which, there layers, Path Planner, Trajectory Generator and Formation Controller, were introduced and implemented in Matlab and Simulink., ready for placing the hardware in the loop. The performance of the proposed methods was evaluated for several circumstances with satisfactory results. To validate the low level H[sub ∞] control laws and demonstrate flying, an experimental system including a flying mill, a personal computer and DSP dSPACE board, a programmed microprocessor and a radio transmitter was built for testing. Comparing to previous UAV works, a quad-rotor helicopter is first chosen as the UAV dynamics in our project. The 2 DOF H[sub ∞] and combined MPC/H[sub ∞] flight controller are firstly achieved and animated to control such high nonlinear system. A new implementation of formation flying control is proposed and simulated in MATLAB and SIMULINK. A self designed experimental setup is also built for identification and control testing purpose.
2009 Outlook of the U.S. and World Wheat Industries, 2008-2018
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: common wheat
subject: durum wheat
subject: production
subject: exports
subject: consumption
subject: ending stocks

description: This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2008-2018 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to remain relatively healthy for the next ten years. World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to remain strong. The price levels in 2007 and 2008 will not be maintained in 2009 and future because increased wheat and corn production in 2008 and reduced demand for corn for ethanol production will lower demand and increase supply. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of common wheat may grow faster than that of durum wheat.
Assessing the Impact of Cowpea and Sorghum Research and Extension in Northern Cameroon
Creators: name: Sterns, James A.
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Sterns, James A.
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: cowpea
subject: sorghum

description: Throughout Africa, per capita food production has been declining since the early 1960s. Cameroon has sought to counter this trend by increasing agricultural productivity through research and extension. In order to establish future investment priorities, policy makers need to know if past agricultural research investments have earned sufficient returns to justify continued funding. Further, national experiences need to be compared to see if returns varied across programs, and in cases where they did, explanations need to be sought to discover why these variations exist. To address these issues, data were collected in Cameroon and analyzed in order to estimate the benefits and costs of investments in sorghum and cowpea research and extension in northern Cameroon. Specific data that were needed to construct benefit and cost streams included the following: yields of traditional and introduced technologies, area harvested, adoption rates of technological innovations, prices of both inputs and outputs, climatic factors influencing both the research agenda and the returns to this research, and the costs of research and extension efforts. Focusing on the period 1979-87, the analysis addressed three questions: What were the returns to past investments? What factors explained the estimated returns and any variability in returns between the sorghum and cowpea programs? And how did institutions influence these returns and the distribution of their benefits?
The Rate of Return to Agricultural Research in Uganda: The Case of Oilseeds and Maize
Creators: name: Laker-Ojok, Rita
name: Laker-Ojok, Rita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: oilseeds
subject: maize

description: This paper is intended to address primarily the determination of the rate of return to previous investments by USAID and GOU in soybean, sunflower, and maize research in Uganda, but will, to a more limited extent, also discuss the anticipated returns to ongoing research in these three commodity programs and outputs expected within the next four years.
The Light Sgoldstino Phenomenology: Explanations for the Muon $(g-2)$ Deviation and KOTO Anomaly
Creators: name: Liu, Xuewen
name: Li, Ying
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the long-standing experimental anomaly in muon $(g-2)$ and also recent anomalous excess in $K_L\to π^0+ν\barν$ at the J-PARC KOTO experiment with sgoldstino. After supersymmetry breaking, the interactions between quarks and sgoldstino ($s$) make the decays $K\to π+s$ sizable through loop diagrams, which affects the measurements of decays $K\to π+\mathrm{invisible}$. Furthermore, the couplings between photons and sgoldstino contribute to $Δa_μ$ as well as the bino-slepton contribution. With satisfying all known experimental constraints such as from NA62, E949, E137, Orsay, KTEV and CHARM experiments, these two anomalies can be explained simultaneously. The mass of CP-even sgoldstino is close to the neutral pion mass which does not violate the Grossman-Nir bound. The parameter space can be further tested in future NA62, DUNE experiments, as well as experiments in the LHC.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, version accepted by JHEP
Agricultural Research Impact Assessment: The Case of Maize Technology Adoption in Southern Mali
Creators: name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: maize

description: Adoption of the improved maize package was particularly rapid during the period 1980-86 when an attractive guaranteed price was offered and extension activities were reinforced by a maize project that included the establishment of a seed multiplication program. Following cereal market price liberalization in 1986, maize prices fell and have been subject to considerable variability. Area has continued to expand, but farmers have greatly reduced fertilizer use, switched back to maize-late millet intercropping, and substituted early maturing varieties better suited to their own food security needs. The estimated internal rate of return (IRR) to investment in maize research and extension in southern Mali over the period 1969-90 is 135%. This high rate can be attributed to low research costs (much of the technical package was borrowed from research conducted elsewhere in West Africa), and the high economic value of maize as an import substitute. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the IRR is robust with respect to adverse changes in assumptions concerning overvaluation of the exchange rate, research costs, extension costs, and area of improved maize. It is moderately sensitive to price and yield reductions.
First tests of a Micromegas TPC in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Colas, P.
name: Giomataris, I.
name: Lepeltier, V.
name: Ronan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the summer of 2003, a large Micromegas TPC prototype (1000 channels, 50 cm drift, 50 cm diameter) has been operated in a 2T superconducting magnet at Saclay. A description of this apparatus and first results from cosmic ray tests are presented. Additional measurements using simpler detectors with a laser source, an X-ray gun and radio-active sources are discussed. Drift velocity and gain measurements, electron attachment and aging studies for a Micromegas TPC are presented. In particular, using simulations and measurements, it is shown that an $Argon-CF_4$ mixture is optimal for operation at a future Linear Collider.
An Unusual 500,000 Bases Long Oscillation of Guanine and Cytosine Content in Human Chromosome 21
Creators: name: Li, Wentian
name: Holste, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An oscillation with a period of around 500 kb in guanine and cytosine content (GC%) is observed in the DNA sequence of human chromosome 21. This oscillation is localized in the rightmost one-eighth region of the chromosome, from 43.5 Mb to 46.5 Mb. Five cycles of oscillation are observed in this region with six GC-rich peaks and five GC-poor valleys. The GC-poor valleys comprise regions with low density of CpG islands and, alternating between the two DNA strands, low gene density regions. Consequently, the long-range oscillation of GC% result in spacing patterns of both CpG island density, and to a lesser extent, gene densities.
description: 15 pages (figures included), 5 figures
Pseudorapidity dependence of anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Greco, Vincenzo
name: Ko, Che Ming
name: Kolb, Peter F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudorapidity dependence of anisotropic flows $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$ , and $v_{4}$ of charged hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is studied in a multi-phase transport model. We find that while the string melting scenario, in which hadrons that are expected to be formed from initial strings are converted to their valence quarks and antiquarks, can explain the measured $p_{T}$-dependence of $v_{2}$ and $ v_{4} $ of charged hadrons at midrapidity with a parton scattering cross section of about 10 \textrm{mb}, the scenario without string melting reproduces better the recent data on $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$ of charged hadrons at large pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ AGeV . Our results thus suggest that a partonic matter is formed during early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions only around midrapidity and that strings remain dominant at large rapidities. The $p_{T}$-dependence of $v_{1} $, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$ and $v_{4}$ for charged hadrons at forward pseudorapidity is also predicted, and we find that while $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$ are appreciable at large pseudorapidity the higher-order anisotropic flows $v_{3}$ and $v_{4} $ are essentially zero.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version, to appear in PLB
iSeeBetter: Spatio-temporal video super-resolution using recurrent generative back-projection networks
Creators: name: Chadha, Aman
name: Britto, John
name: Roja, M. Mani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, learning-based models have enhanced the performance of single-image super-resolution (SISR). However, applying SISR successively to each video frame leads to a lack of temporal coherency. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) outperform traditional approaches in terms of image quality metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). However, generative adversarial networks (GANs) offer a competitive advantage by being able to mitigate the issue of a lack of finer texture details, usually seen with CNNs when super-resolving at large upscaling factors. We present iSeeBetter, a novel GAN-based spatio-temporal approach to video super-resolution (VSR) that renders temporally consistent super-resolution videos. iSeeBetter extracts spatial and temporal information from the current and neighboring frames using the concept of recurrent back-projection networks as its generator. Furthermore, to improve the "naturality" of the super-resolved image while eliminating artifacts seen with traditional algorithms, we utilize the discriminator from super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN). Although mean squared error (MSE) as a primary loss-minimization objective improves PSNR/SSIM, these metrics may not capture fine details in the image resulting in misrepresentation of perceptual quality. To address this, we use a four-fold (MSE, perceptual, adversarial, and total-variation (TV)) loss function. Our results demonstrate that iSeeBetter offers superior VSR fidelity and surpasses state-of-the-art performance.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, Project Page: https://iseebetter.amanchadha.com/
On the electrodynamics of moving bodies at low velocities
Creators: name: De Montigny, Marc
name: Rousseaux, Germain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the seminal article in which Le Bellac and Levy-Leblond have identified two Galilean limits of electromagnetism, and its modern implications. We use their results to point out some confusion in the literature and in the teaching of special relativity and electromagnetism. For instance, it is not widely recognized that there exist two well defined non-relativistic limits, so that researchers and teachers are likely to utilize an incoherent mixture of both. Recent works have shed a new light on the choice of gauge conditions in classical electromagnetism. We retrieve Le Bellac-Levy-Leblond's results by examining orders of magnitudes, and then with a Lorentz-like manifestly covariant approach to Galilean covariance based on a 5-dimensional Minkowski manifold. We emphasize the Riemann-Lorenz approach based on the vector and scalar potentials as opposed to the Heaviside-Hertz formulation in terms of electromagnetic fields. We discuss various applications and experiments, such as in magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics, quantum mechanics, superconductivity, continuous media, etc. Much of the current technology where waves are not taken into account, is actually based on Galilean electromagnetism.
Stændernes [danske og norske] Privilegier, i sær ved Souverainiteten, Annis 1661 & 1662 : de trykte mentionerede, med Henviisning til de Bøger, hvori samme findes og de Manuscripter ere her afskrevne
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1750

description: Kopi.
Chemical Enrichment and Radial Migration in the Galactic Disk -- the origin of the [$α/\rm Fe]$ Double Sequence
Creators: name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Hayden, Michael R.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $([α/{\rm Fe}],[{\rm Fe/H}])$ distribution of Milky Way stars shows at least two distinct sequences, which have traditionally been associated with the thin and thick disc components. The abundance distribution varies systematically with location $R$ and $|z|$ across the Galaxy. Using an analytical chemodynamical model that includes the effects of radial migration and kinematic heating, we show that it is possible to reproduce the observed abundance distribution at different locations. Unlike some earlier models, our scheme does not require a distinct thick disc component emerging from a separate evolutionary path. The proposed model has a continuous star formation history and a continuous age velocity dispersion relation. Moreover, [$α$/Fe] is constant for stellar ages less than 8 Gyr, but increases sharply for older stars over a time scale of 1.5 Gyr. The gap between the two sequences is due to this sharp transition. We show that the high-[$α$/Fe] sequence at the low metallicity end is simply a pile-up of old stars. At the high metallicity end, we find a sequence of stars having different ages with a similar birth radius that originated in the inner disc. Our model successfully explains the uniformity of the locus of the high-[$α$/Fe] sequence across different locations. The low-[$α$/Fe] sequence contains stars with different birth radii that owes its existence to radial migration. For the low-[$α$/Fe] sequence, angular momentum is anti-correlated with [Fe/H], and the model can reproduce this trend at different Galactic locations. If radial migration is not included, the model fails to generate the double sequence and instead shows only a single sequence. Our simple scheme has major advantages over earlier chemodynamical models, as we show.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
Ultrafast initialization and QND-readout of a spin qubit via control of nanodot-vacuum coupling
Creators: name: Liu, Ren-Bao
name: Yao, Wang
name: Sham, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast initialization enables fault-tolerant processing of quantum information while QND readout enables scalable quantum computation. By spatially assembling photon resonators and wave-guides around an n-doped nanodot and by temporally designing optical pump pulses, an efficient quantum pathway can be established from an electron spin to a charged exciton to a cavity photon and finally to a flying photon in the waveguide. Such control of vacuum-nanodot coupling can be exploited for ultrafast initialization and QND readout of the spin, which are particularly compatible with the optically driven spin quantum computers.
description: 4 pages 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Re-Analysis of 16S Amplicon Sequencing Data Reveals Soil Microbial Population Shifts in Rice Fields under Drought Condition
Creators: name: Seok-Won Jang
name: Myeong-Hyun Yoou
name: Woo-Jong Hong
name: Yeon-Ju Kim
name: Lee, Eun-Jin
name: Jung, Ki-Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Materials and Methods.
Graphene-based topological insulator in the presence of a disclination submitted to a uniform magnetic field
Creators: name: Oliveira, J. R. S.
name: Garcia, G. Q.
name: Porfírio, P. J.
name: Furtado, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate quasiparticles in graphene-based topological insulator with a wedge disclination in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. In particular, we consider a massive spinless model. The Landau levels are analytically found for the described system. We show that the Landau levels are lifted for a specific range of the parameter ν. In addition, we also show that, for appropriate parameter values, one finds gapless and gapped states.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
A Foata bijection for the alternating group and for q analogues
Creators: name: Bernstein, Dan
name: Regev, Amitai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05A19

description: The Foata bijection $Φ: S_n \to S_n$ is extended to the bijections $Ψ: A_{n+1} \to A_{n+1}$ and $Ψ_q : S_{n+q-1} \to S_{n+q-1}$, where S_m, A_m are the symmetric and the alternating groups. These bijections imply bijective proofs for recent equidistribution theorems, by Regev and Roichman, for A_{n+1} and for S_{n+q-1}.
description: 16 pages
Entanglement degradation of cavity modes due to the dynamical Casimir effect
Creators: name: Del Grosso, Nicolás F.
name: Lombardo, Fernando C.
name: Villar, Paula I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement dynamics between two cavities when one of them is harmonically shaken in the context of quantum information theory. We find four different regimes depending on the frequency of the motion and the spectrum of the moving cavity. If the moving cavity is three dimensional only two modes inside get coupled and the entanglement can either degrade asymptotically with time or oscillate depending on the driving. On the other hand, if the cavity has an equidistant spectrum the entanglement can either vanish asymptotically if it is driven with its fundamental frequency or have a sudden death if it is driven with an uneven harmonic frequency.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Beweis von der Wircklichkeit und Einigkeit Gottes aus der Vernuft, wobey zugleich die Gottesleugner in Ordnungen gebracht und widerlegt, und die übrigen wichtigsten Beweise ... aus dem Hochteutschen ins Holländische übersetzt
Creators: name: Gunnerus, Johan Ernst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Løst notat av Hans Midbøe: "Gunnerus' (egenhendige) supplement til Jenautgaven til bruk for ... ved skriftets oversettelse til hollandsk (Jfr. Büsching II, 634)".
description: Trykt i Jena 1748.
Differential diffusion model with two equilibrium states
Creators: name: Koroliouk, D.
name: Koroliuk, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3
subject: 91B51 (Primary) 60J60, 60J70 (Secondary)

description: The difference diffusion model with two equilibrium states is given by a stochastic equation with two components: the predicted one, which is determined by the regression function of increments with two equilibriums, and the stochastic one, which is the martingale difference. We propose a classification of zones of influence of equilibriums according to asymptotic properties of trajectories of statistical experiments. We study asymptotic behavior of statistical experiments, determined by the sums of $N$ sample values, as $N\to\infty$.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Plan2Vec: Unsupervised Representation Learning by Latent Plans
Creators: name: Yang, Ge
name: Zhang, Amy
name: Morcos, Ari S.
name: Pineau, Joelle
name: Abbeel, Pieter
name: Calandra, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce plan2vec, an unsupervised representation learning approach that is inspired by reinforcement learning. Plan2vec constructs a weighted graph on an image dataset using near-neighbor distances, and then extrapolates this local metric to a global embedding by distilling path-integral over planned path. When applied to control, plan2vec offers a way to learn goal-conditioned value estimates that are accurate over long horizons that is both compute and sample efficient. We demonstrate the effectiveness of plan2vec on one simulated and two challenging real-world image datasets. Experimental results show that plan2vec successfully amortizes the planning cost, enabling reactive planning that is linear in memory and computation complexity rather than exhaustive over the entire state space.
description: code available at https://geyang.github.io/plan2vec
Impact Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Nicaraguan Red de Proteccion Social
Creators: name: Maluccio, John A.
name: Flores, Rafael
name: Maluccio, John A.
name: Flores, Rafael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Red de Protección Social (Nicaragua)
subject: Evaluation
subject: Economic assistance
subject: Domestic
subject: Nicaragua
subject: Public welfare
subject: Child welfare
subject: Poverty

description: In the 1990s Mexico launched a new social program—PROGRESA (now known as Oportunidades). As a conditional cash transfer program, PROGRESA integrated investment in human capital with access to a social safety net. From 1998 to 2000, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) assisted in evaluating the program. Much of the ensuing research is summarized in IFPRI Research Report 139 by Emmanuel Skoufias. Since the inception of PROGRESA, several countries, particularly in Latin America, have implemented similar programs. One reason for the growing popularity of these programs is that, by encompassing various dimensions of human capital, including nutritional status, health, and education, they are able to influence many of the key indicators highlighted in national poverty reduction strategies. One of these pilot programs, the Red de Protección Social (RPS), modeled after PROGRESA, was begun in Nicaragua in 2000. IFPRI conducted a quantitative impact evaluation of this program. Findings show that the program was effective in several domains, largely erasing differences in health-care and schooling outcomes across expenditure groups. Moreover, the program overcame obstacles found in the lower-income settings of Nicaragua, compared to Mexico, Colombia, or Brazil. One unique aspect of RPS was its approach to health-care supply. Government-contracted private providers supplied the services rather than the Ministry of Health. The results show that such an approach can be an effective delivery mechanism in areas where government provision might prove difficult. In late 2002, based in part on the positive findings of the various evaluations, the government of Nicaragua and the Inter-American Development Bank agreed to a continuation and expansion of a modified program for three more years. IFPRI remained involved in the evaluation of that second phase, including a qualitative evaluation, and the results continued to show that the program was effective in a number of important areas. Nevertheless, at this writing the future of the program is uncertain. Rigorous evaluations are important components of the policymaking process, but they are not the only ones.
Policy Analysis for Sustainable Land Management and Food Security in Ethiopia: A Bioeconomic Model with Market Imperfections Food Security in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Holden, Stein T.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Holden, Stein T.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Pender, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agriculture
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Ethiopia
subject: Food supply
subject: Sustainable agriculture
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Government policy

description: Soil fertility and the lack of fertilizer use in Africa are frequently discussed topics. The problems of land degradation and low agricultural productivity, which result in food insecurity and poverty, are particularly severe in the rural highlands of Ethiopia. In many areas, a downward spiral of land degradation and poverty appears to be occurring. Finding solutions to these problems requires identifying effective entry points for farmers, governments, and civil society organizations, and understanding the potential impacts and tradeoffs that are likely to arise from alternative interventions. This report seeks to improve that understanding, using a bioeconomic model of land management and agricultural production developed for a community that is fairly typical of the situation in the Ethiopian highlands. The report assesses the potential impacts of several policy options on small farmers’ land management, productivity, food security, and poverty—including increased access to fertilizer credit, food-for-work programs, other off-farm employment opportunities, and promotion of tree planting on uncultivated land. The authors find that increased use of fertilizer credit could help to increase agricultural productivity, food security, and income, but could undermine farmers’ incentives to invest in soil and water conservation, leading to greater land degradation. Increased employment opportunities through food-for-work or other measures can help to substantially increase household incomes, but would likely reduce food production and soil conservation, unless such measures are linked to conservation requirements. Promotion of tree planting on degraded land could increase incomes significantly without compromising food production or soil conservation, and, if combined with conservation incentives through food-for- work or other programs, could result in improved land management as well as increased incomes and food security. These findings should be useful to policymakers and others seeking to improve land management and reduce poverty in Ethiopia and other countries where such problems are severe. Beyond this, the modeling approach developed by Stein Holden, Bekele Shiferaw, and John Pender can be usefully adapted and applied in many other African settings.
PROGRESA and Its Impacts on the Welfare of Rural Households in Mexico
Creators: name: Skoufias, Emmanuel
name: Skoufias, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Rural poor
subject: Government policy
subject: Programa de Educación
subject: Salud y Alimentación (Mexico City
subject: Mexico)
subject: Evaluation
subject: Poverty
subject: Mexico
subject: Social policy

description: In the second half of the twentieth century, many developing countries adopted broad social assistance programs, like food subsidies, ostensibly designed to help poor people. Their effectiveness was mixed and, unfortunately, many of these expensive programs did not make much difference in the lives of poor people, much less help them climb permanently out of poverty. In the 1990s Mexico took a completely new approach. It launched a social program— PROGRESA—that was revolutionary in two ways. First, PROGRESA aimed to integrate interventions in health, education, and nutrition simultaneously, based on an understanding that these dimensions of human welfare are interdependent and that poor health, education, and nutrition are both causes and consequences of poverty. Second, PROGRESA was designed from the beginning to be continually evaluated and improved, so that it would become ever more effective at improving the well-being of Mexico’s poorest people. From 1998 to 2000 the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) assisted the PROGRESA administration in evaluating the program. This research resulted in a series of IFPRI reports, synthesized here, on aspects of PROGRESA’s performance. The evaluation not only highlighted areas of success, but also suggested needed improvements in the program. On the one hand, for example, the research showed that PROGRESA has helped keep poor children in school longer, improved the health of young children and adults, increased women’s use of prenatal care, and improved child nutrition. On the other hand, the evaluation revealed that PROGRESA could have a greater impact on school enrollment by focusing on attendance in secondary schools—the stage at which many poor children drop out. In the election of 2000, the people of Mexico voted a new party into power. Yet, faced with evidence of PROGRESA’s effectiveness, the new government decided to keep the program (renamed Oportunidades) and to make needed improvements in its operation. IFPRI’s research on PROGRESA has advanced our knowledge about policy steps that governments can take to improve the capacities of poor people, who may require interventions in several areas to make real headway in overcoming poverty. In the meantime comparable programs have been tested or implemented in other countries, including Brazil, Honduras, and Nicaragua, and it would be promising to explore their adaptation in African and Asian countries as well. It is our hope that research of this kind will encourage replications, adaptations to country circumstances, and rigorous evaluation of social programs in many developing countries.
Factors Affecting Beef Cow-Herd Costs, Production, and Profits
Creators: name: Ramsey, Ruslyn
name: Doye, Damona G.
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: McGrann, James M.
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Bevers, Stanley J.
name: Ramsey, Ruslyn
name: Doye, Damona G.
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: McGrann, James M.
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Bevers, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: costs
subject: cow-calf
subject: economics
subject: production
subject: profits
subject: return on assets

description: Cow-herd standardized performance analysis (SPA) data for Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico were used to determine economic factors affecting cow-herd costs, production, and profitability. Total cost was defined as the financial cost associated with raising a calf through the weaning stage; production, as pounds weaned per exposed female; and profits, as a rate of return on assets. Variable affecting one of more performance measures included herd size; pounds of feed fed; real estate, machinery, and breeding-stock investments; calving percentage; death loss; and breeding-season length. Management variables were especially important for financial costs and profitability of the cow-herd operation.
Reformatz over Trunhiem, Jemteland, Noerlandene og Findmarchen funderit af Christien Friis, Hans Mogensøn, Hans Sifuersøn og Jens Andersøn
Creators: name: Friis, Christen
name: Mogensen, Hans
name: Sifuersøn, Hans
name: Andersøn, Jens
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Se også qMs 46 og Ms 11.
New Pedagogy for Using Internet-Based Teaching Tools in Physics Course
Creators: name: Toback, David
name: Mershin, Andreas
name: Novikova, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acquiring the mathematical, conceptual, and problem-solving skills required in university-level physics courses is hard work, and the average student often lacks the knowledge and study skills they need to succeed in the introductory courses. Here we propose a new pedagogical model and a straight-forwardly reproducible set of internet-based testing tools. Our work to address some of the most important student deficiencies is based on three fundamental principles: balancing skill level and challenge, providing clear goals and feedback at every stage, and allowing repetition without penalty. Our tools include an Automated Mathematics Evaluation System (AMES), a Computerized Homework Assignment Grading System (CHAGS), and a set of after-homework quizzes and mini-practice exams (QUizzes Intended to Consolidate Knowledge, or QUICK). We describe how these tools are incorporated into the course, and present some preliminary results on their effectiveness.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the Physics Teacher
Myrmarachne aurantiaca Benjamin 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Benjamin, Suresh P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Myrmarachne
Myrmarachne aurantiaca

description: Myrmarachne aurantiaca sp. nov.
(Figure 1A–D)   Type material
 Holotype, male from Sri Lanka, North Western Province, Kurunegala District, Kurunegala, Ethagala range, 07°28 ʹ 17 ″ N, 80°22 ʹ 30 ″ E, 190 m, secondary forest, 20 September 2009, leg. Ziyard Jaleel et al. MHNG.    Etymology
The specific name refers to the red colouring of the prosoma.   Diagnosis
 M. aurantiaca sp. nov. could be separated from other Sri Lankan Myrmarachne species by the body size, dorsally flat surface of the male chelicerae (Figure 1A, B) and reddish orange-coloured carapace. M. aurantiaca sp. nov. is very similar in size, habitat preference and genital morphology to M. paludosa comb. nov. and M. morningside sp. nov. However, individuals of both these species are dark black in colour (Figures 14A–G, 21A, B). Further, M. aurantiaca sp. nov. can be distinguished by the shape of the RTA which is strongly curved at the base: M. paludosa comb. nov. has a upward pointing, tapering RTA and M. morningside sp. nov. has a longer RTA with a curved tip.    Description
Male holotype. Total length: 3.5; prosoma length: 1.6, width: 0.8. Leg I: femur 0.9, patella 0.3, tibia 0.9, metatarsus 0.5, tarsus 0.3. Prosoma orange, opisthosoma anteriorly brownish, posterior half, black colour (Figure 1A, B). The cephalic part of the prosoma elevated, viewed dorsally lateral sides slightly rounded. The thoracic part is lower than the cephalic, the highest point being the centre (Figure 1A, B). Opisthosoma oval, slightly longer than wide, with no clear constriction, except for a white line (Figure 1); dorsum sclerotized, venter softer. Chelicerae are shorter than the carapace, with almost parallel lateral sides; distal half is a bit wider than the proximal half (Figure 1A, B). Chelicerae dentition not examined. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination not examined. Palps as in Figure 1C, D), with an RTA which is characteristically curved at its base. Female remains unknown.   Distribution
Known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Benjamin, Suresh P., 2015, Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka, pp. 2609-2666 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on page 2613, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1034209, http://zenodo.org/record/4000863
Additional file 1 of Inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for mild-to-moderate autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis - a six month phase II randomized study with 24 months of follow-up
Creators: name: Xinlun Tian
name: Yanli Yang
name: Chen, Lulu
name: Sui, Xin
name: Wenshuai Xu
name: Li, Xue
name: Xiaobei Guo
name: Lingshan Liu
name: Yusen Situ
name: Wang, Jun
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Shuzhen Meng
name: Song, Wei
name: Yonglong Xiao
name: Xu, Kai-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. The secondary end point of clinical parameter changes in the 18 months observational periods after 6 months inhaled GM-CSF treatment.