cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Policy opportunities: Economics of academic publishing
Creators: name: Yang, Angela
name: Asa, Nicole
name: Krause, Ana
name: Stewart, Barclay
name: Farley, Ashley
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The following are possible policy changes or additions to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) Open Access Policy. The BMGF Open Access (OA) policy requires that all funded research (i.e. manuscripts, papers, data, etc.) is published OA and covers all associated costs. The policy opportunities are the results of both a scholarly and gray literature review and key informant interviews (KIIs) with a diversity of stakeholders regarding opportunities for BMGF OA policy to positively impact the academic publishing ecosystem. The opportunities range from theoretically subtle to more broadly impactful policy changes. No single policy opportunity could be identified as the ideal choice given pros and cons about economic impacts, logistic impacts, equity impacts, and other additional factors.
Improving the management of global and regional tuna fisheries
Creators: name: Bailey, Megan Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Tuna can travel thousands of kilometers throughout their lifetime, and are often found in the waters of several nations and the high seas. These ``straddling stocks" are difficult to manage due to competition between the large number of interested fishing nations, all of which can be asymmetric in their economies, management capacity and conservation concerns. This is compounded by the possibility of new members and free riders. It is no surprise then, that tuna fisheries management has, by and large, been unsuccessful in promoting sustainable fisheries. Populations of several of the world's tuna species are fully or over-exploited. This dissertation identifies and addresses areas where improvements in the management of global and regional tuna fisheries may facilitate the continued contribution of these fisheries to livelihoods and food security. I analyze private and social resource rent derived from fishing for different tuna species and by different gear types. From these results I identify key management targets. Management efforts are formalized through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), groups which are mandated to promote cooperative agreements and fair and equitable allocation approaches. Stable cooperative agreements, however, have been hard to come by for tuna RFMOs, in part because the issue of allocations has not been appropriately targeted. I propose a combined socio-economic and ecological approach formulated from the perspective of fisheries benefits, as opposed to just catch, which could facilitate stable cooperative agreements for sustaining tuna stocks into the distant future. Tuna fisheries in the western and central Pacific provide over half of the world's tuna, but lack of effective management capacity in Indonesia and the Philippines threatens the sustainability of these fisheries. I argue that countries that fish in this region, most specifically Papua New Guinea, would be wise to help facilitate improved management capacity in these countries. One of the major management challenges in this region is the bycatch of juvenile yellowfin and bigeye tuna in the skipjack purse seine fishery. Through applied game-theoretic modelling, I conclude that reduction in juvenile bycatch brought about by cooperative management of these fisheries would provide long-term ecological and economic benefits.
Quantum interference controlled resonance profiles: From lasing without inversion to photo-detection
Creators: name: Dorfman, Konstantin E.
name: Jha, Pankaj K.
name: Das, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we report a quantum interference mediated control of the resonance profiles in a generic three-level system and investigate its effect on key quantum interference (QI) phenomena. Namely in a three level configuration with doublets in the ground or excited states, we show control over enhancement and suppression of the emission (absorption) profiles. This is achieved by manipulation of the strength of QI and the energy spacing of the doublets. We analyze the application of such QI induced control of the resonance profile in the framework of two limiting cases of lasing without inversion and photo-detection.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Dissociable dopaminergic and pavlovian influences in goal-trackers and sign-trackers on a model of compulsive checking in OCD
Creators: name: Eagle, D. M.
name: Schepisi, C.
name: Chugh, S.
name: Desai, S.
name: Han, S. Y. S.
name: Huang, T.
name: Lee, J. J.
name: Sobala, C.
name: Ye, W.
name: Milton, A. L.
name: Robbins, T. W.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Investigation
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Sign-tracking
Goal-tracking
Quinpirole
Pavlovian
Rat

description: Abstract: Rationale: Checking is a functional behaviour that provides information to guide behaviour. However, in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), checking may escalate to dysfunctional levels. The processes underpinning the transition from functional to dysfunctional checking are unclear but may be associated with individual differences that support the development of maladaptive behaviour. We examined one such predisposition, sign-tracking to a pavlovian conditioned stimulus, which we previously found associated with dysfunctional checking. How sign-tracking interacts with another treatment with emerging translational validity for OCD-like checking, chronic administration of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, is unknown. Objectives: We tested how functional and dysfunctional checking in the rat observing response task (ORT) was affected by chronic quinpirole administration in non-autoshaped controls and autoshaped animals classified as sign-trackers or goal-trackers. Methods: Sign-trackers or goal-trackers were trained on the ORT before the effects of chronic quinpirole administration on checking were assessed. Subsequently, the effects on checking of different behavioural challenges, including reward omission and the use of unpredictable reinforcement schedules, were tested. Results: Prior autoshaping increased checking. Sign-trackers and goal-trackers responded differently to quinpirole sensitization, reward omission and reinforcement uncertainty. Sign-trackers showed greater elevations in dysfunctional checking, particularly during uncertainty. By contrast, goal-trackers predominantly increased functional checking responses, possibly in response to reduced discrimination accuracy in the absence of cues signalling which lever was currently active. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of how pavlovian associations influence behaviour that becomes compulsive in OCD and how this may be dependent on striatal dopamine D2 receptors.
Additional file 2 of Sagittal intervertebral rotational motion: a deep learning-based measurement on flexion–neutral–extension cervical lateral radiographs
Creators: name: Yan, Yuting
name: Zhang, Xinsheng
name: Meng, Yu
name: Shen, Qiang
name: He, Linyang
name: Cheng, Guohua
name: Gong, Xiangyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. Bland–Altman plots (left) and correlation scatter diagrams (right) showing the differences and correlations between the model and reference standards on F/N motion.
Gender and the primary health care system: The role of digital tools with case studies in India, Indonesia & Nigeria
Creators: name: Garfinkel, Sydney
name: Ingle, Erin
name: Seth, Aparna
name: Shrestha, Priyanka
name: Badshah, Akhtar
name: Patel, Rena
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The Foundation was interested in broadly understanding the application of patient-facing tools that increase digital access for marginalized groups, including girls and women, to primary health care (PHC) in LMICs. This research demonstrates the learning and key results from expanding digital access in LMICs and how to avoid further neglecting marginalized groups. The report uses insights from other sectors who have pioneered approaches to increase digital access to service delivery in their sectors and how we can translate this to the PHC sector. Finally, the report provides key recommendations for how to make digitization more gender equitable in LMICs. Data collection was completed using a literature review and KIIs.
Quantum simulation of electron-phonon interactions in strongly deformable materials
Creators: name: Hague, J. P.
name: MacCormick, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approach for quantum simulation of electron-phonon interactions using Rydberg states of cold atoms and ions. We show how systems of cold atoms and ions can be mapped onto electron-phonon systems of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger type. We discuss how properties of the simulated Hamiltonian can be tuned and how to read physically relevant properties from the simulator. In particular, use of painted spot potentials offers a high level of tunability, enabling all physically relevant regimes of the electron-phonon Hamiltonian to be accessed.
description: To appear in New Journal of Physics
title: Exploring Women's Experiences of ADHD, Medication and Motherhood
Creators: name: McGillion, Brenna Janet
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ADHD
subject: ADHD medication
subject: Feminist methodology
subject: Motherhood
subject: Feminist Disability Theory
subject: Disability
subject: Reflexive Thematic Analysis
subject: Women's Studies
subject: Health Sciences

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore women’s experiences of ADHD, medication, and motherhood in Alberta, Canada. There is a lack of research that accounts for women’s decision-making processes related to continuing or discontinuing ADHD medication leading up to and during pregnancy. Methods: This qualitative study was guided by feminist disability theory. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who were 1) diagnosed with ADHD, 2) mothers or were thinking about becoming mothers, 3) had personal experiences with ADHD medications, 4) 18+ years old, and 5) were English-speaking. The development of the research questions, recruitment strategies, and approach to data collection and analysis were informed by the values of feminist methodology. Results: Three themes and one sub-theme were identified from the interviews: 1) Benefits of diagnosis 2) Feeling unsupported by healthcare providers 3) I am not enough a. Impairment and disablism reduced confidence about being a mother Conclusion: This research demonstrated that ADHD is a gendered experience that is influenced by various factors. There is a great deal of uncertainty and complexity in the decision-making processes surrounding ADHD medication and pregnancy that require careful attention and care from healthcare providers. There is a need to prioritize care and research for disabled women, especially when it comes to managing ADHD with or without the use of medication leading up to and during pregnancy.
title: Evaluation of Data Sufficiency for Crop Classification Model Transfer
Creators: name: Osouli, Mohammadreza
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: crop type classification
subject: data sufficiency
subject: Optimization
subject: Machine learning
subject: Neural networks
subject: Computer Science

description: This thesis investigates the effectiveness of using varying data sizes to transfer crop type classification models from one year to the other, with a focus on balancing data sufficiency and model accuracy. The significance of crop detection through satellite imaging lies in its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and resource management. Machine learning techniques, particularly long short-term memory (LSTM) models, have become instrumental in interpreting satellite data due to their predictive accuracy and adaptability. However, applying models trained in one year to subsequent years poses challenges due to variations in environmental conditions and agricultural practices. To address these challenges, in this thesis, we explore the cost-benefit of fine-tuning existing models versus developing new ones based on the quantity of new data. Using smaller datasets for fine-tuning is more computationally efficient and reduces the cost of data collection. Experiments conducted using satellite data from farms in southern Alberta reveal that smaller datasets, with fewer than 25 fields per class, can effectively fine-tune models for accurate interannual classification, while larger datasets are more conducive to training new models. This highlights the key challenge of optimizing data usage for crop classification, balancing data sufficiency and computational efficiency. Additionally, this thesis contributes to the field by selecting the best combination of bands and information from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites. Another significant contribution is the incorporation of crop rotation as a feature for crop classification, which enhances the model's predictive capabilities. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for optimizing data use in crop classification, benefiting both academic research and practical agricultural applications.
What are the outcomes of core decompression without augmentation in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head?
Creators: name: Andronic, Octavian
name: Weiss, Ori
name: Shoman, Haitham
name: Kriechling, Philipp
name: Khanduja, Vikas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review Article
Core decompression
Hip preservation
Hip arthroscopy
Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head
AVN
Osteonecrosis

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Purpose: Core decompression (CD) of the femoral head is performed to preserve the hip in avascular necrosis (AVN). The outcome following this procedure differs based on the medical centre and the technique. Also, the time to total hip replacement (THR) and the percentage of patients subsequently undergoing a THR are controversial. Methods: A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, AMED and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Studies reporting the outcome of CD for AVN were assessed. Studies using additional implants, vascularized grafts or any type of augmentation were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist (JBI CAC) tool. Trial registration: International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD42018100596. Results: A total of 49 studies describing 2540 hips were included. The mean weighted follow-up time was 75.1 months and the mean age at surgery was 39 years. Twenty-four of 37 studies reported improvement in all outcome scores, whilst 9/37 studies report only partial improvement post-operatively. Four studies (4/37) described poor clinical outcomes following intervention. Data was pooled from 20 studies, including 1134 hips with a weighted mean follow-up of 56 months. The percentage of hips undergoing THR averaged 38%. The time to THR had a weighted mean of 26 months after CD. Conclusion: Pooled results from 1134 hips and of these nearly 80% with early stage of osteonecrosis, showed that approximately 38% of patients underwent a total hip replacement at an average of 26 months following core decompression without augmentation.
Demand and Supply of Cereals in India 2010-2025
Creators: name: A. Ganesh-Kumar
name: Mehta, Rajesh
name: Pullabhotla, Hemant
name: Prasad, Sanjay K.
name: Kavery Ganguly
name: Gulati, Ashok
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Demand and Supply of Cereals in India 2010-2025
Tissue expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (brief report)
Creators: name: Dell’Anno, Irene
name: Barone, Elisa
name: Mutti, Luciano
name: Rassl, Doris M.
name: Marciniak, Stefan J.
name: Silvestri, Roberto
name: Landi, Stefano
name: Gemignani, Federica
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research
Cancer microenvironment
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)
MCT1
MCT4
Basigin (CD147)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Tissue microarray (TMA)

description: Funder: NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
description: Funder: Medical Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
description: Abstract: Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm of the pleura, mainly related to asbestos exposure. As in other solid tumors, malignant cells exhibit high glucose uptake and glycolytic rates with increased lactic acid efflux into the interstitial space. Lactate transport into and out of cells, crucial to maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis and glycolysis, is carried out by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and the chaperone basigin (CD147). We set out to examine the clinical significance of basigin, MCT1 and MCT4 in the context of MPM and to evaluate their expression in relation to the evolution of the disease. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of basigin, MCT1 and MCT4 in a cohort of 135 individuals with MPM compared to a series of 15 non-MPM pleura specimens. Moreover, by Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses we evaluated whether an expression over the average of these markers could be associated with the patients’ overall survival (OS). Results: We detected positive staining of basigin, MCT1, and MCT4 in most MPM specimens. In particular, MCT4 was always positive in malignant tissues but undetectable in the 4 normal pleural specimens incorporated within the tissue microarray. This was confirmed in the additional series of 15 normal pleural samples. Moreover, MCT4 expression was significantly associated with reduced OS. Conclusion: In this study, the tissue expression of basigin did not prove to be exploitable as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for MPM patients. The expression of MCT1 was not informative either, being tightly correlated with that of basigin. However, the expression of MCT4 showed promise as a diagnostic/therapeutic and prognostic biomarker.
title: MULTICASE ANALYSIS of STRATEGIC RESPONSES to PRICE SHOCKS in UPSTREAM OIL and GAS
Creators: name: Richardson, Robert Ray
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dynamic Capabilities
subject: price shock
subject: price collapse
subject: competitive performance
subject: upstream
subject: oil and gas
subject: multi-case analysis
subject: response
subject: reconfiguration
subject: retrenchment
subject: Business Administration--Management

description: Price shocks in every industry can cause significant concerns about an affected firm's ability to service debt, pay dividends, maintain staff, and meet contractual obligations. How firms behave and how those behaviours affect the firm, both in terms of its firm-specific performance and its competitive performance, is of significant interest to both academics and practitioners. The concerns of a price shock are magnified in the upstream oil and gas industry, where the naturally declining, geographically-fixed assets must be continuously replaced, yet both the financial capabilities of firms and the economic viability of projects are significantly reduced. Such a price shock causes this upstream industry to undergo an innovation trajectory change, where the industry leaves its status quo and enters a rapidly changing environment and where Dynamic Capabilities may become a crucial determinant of the strategies deployed. Non-vertically integrated upstream oil and gas firms are particularly affected by the price shock as they do not have offsetting business units and revenues to mitigate the risks or provide alternative investment opportunities that their vertically integrated counterparts do. This multi-case, theory-building analysis examines the differential behaviours, and effects of those behaviours, of four large non-vertically integrated upstream Canadian oil and gas firms during the 2014 oil price collapse. This study finds a wide range of behavioural combinations, such as how and when these firms used retrenchment, managed their long-term debt and debt governance, used equity issuances, and engaged in acquisitions and divestments. Further, this thesis also finds that each firm’s behaviours affected itself differently concerning changes in production levels, firm structure, and firm-specific financial performance, ultimately leading to changes in their competitive performances. The conclusion of this thesis identifies that two firms possibly deployed Dynamic Capabilities to increase their competitive performance by strategically altering firm direction at the onset of the price shock, while the other two firms only used ad hoc methods or best practices and did not improve their competitive performance. A Dynamic Capabilities subcategory termed Dynamic Response Capabilities is defined and presented.
title: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a cellular therapy for post-traumatic osteoarthritis in a murine model
Creators: name: Cha, Juyeon
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
subject: Stem cell therapy
subject: Osteoarthritis (OA)
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Stem cell therapy holds promise in treating various diseases including the degenerative joint disease known as osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, it is essential to obtain a homogenous cell population in clinically relevant numbers for these therapies. In this study, I scaled-up iPSC culture in suspension bioreactors and then transplanted these cells into the knee joints of mice with OA. I characterized the pluripotency of bioreactor cultured iPSCs using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, proteomics, and teratoma assay. For in vivo experiments, non-invasive ACL rupture was induced to initiate post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in C57BL/6 mice. Post-injury, 5.0x104 iPSCs were intra-articularly injected into the injured knee (N=12), and control animals were injected with DPBS (N=12). To eliminate risk of tumorigenesis, iPSCs expressed the iCaspase9 suicide gene system, which induces apoptosis upon injection of a chemically induced dimerizer (CID). Five days after cell injection, mice were subjected to daily administration of CID for 5 days. Outcomes were measured using histology and gait analysis. Molecular and functional assessment of pluripotency demonstrated that bioreactor grown iPSCs maintained their phenotype during and after the bioprocess. Mice post-ACL rupture treated with iPSCs showed no significant differences in histology compared to the vehicle alone control animals. Gait analysis demonstrated alleviation in gait imbalance after 4 weeks from inducing OA in both iPSC treated and control groups. However, iPSC-treated mice restored gait balance closer to baseline by week 8, compared to control mice. These results demonstrate that iPSCs can be successfully scaled up in bioreactors under controlled conditions and that they offer potential as a therapeutic strategy for PTOA, providing insights for the development of safe and effective iPSC-based cell therapies.
Resonant versus non-resonant spin readout of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond under cryogenic conditions
Creators: name: Monge, Richard
name: Delord, Tom
name: Thiering, Gergő
name: Gali, Ádám
name: Meriles, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last decade has seen an explosive growth in the use of color centers for metrology applications, the paradigm example arguably being the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Here, we focus on the regime of cryogenic temperatures and examine the impact of spin-selective, narrow-band laser excitation on NV readout. Specifically, we demonstrate a more than four-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to that possible with non-resonant (green) illumination, largely due to a boost in readout contrast and integrated photon count. We also leverage nuclear spin relaxation under resonant excitation to polarize the 14N host, which we then prove beneficial for spin magnetometry. These results open opportunities in the application of NV sensing to the investigation of condensed matter systems, particularly those exhibiting superconducting, magnetic, or topological phases selectively present at low temperatures.
Numerical simulations of compact object binaries
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coalescing compact object binaries consisting of black holes and/or Neutron stars are a prime target for ground-based gravitational wave detectors. This article reviews the status of numerical simulations of these systems, with an emphasis on recent progress.
description: Minor corrections, including typos and grammar
A normative modelling approach reveals age-atypical cortical thickness in a subgroup of males with autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Bethlehem, Richard A. I.
name: Seidlitz, Jakob
name: Romero-Garcia, Rafael
name: Trakoshis, Stavros
name: Dumas, Guillaume
name: Lombardo, Michael V.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/692/698
/631/378/2649
/631/378/116
/631/378/2571/1696
/692/53
/59/57
article

description: Abstract: Understanding heterogeneity is an important goal on the path to precision medicine for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined how cortical thickness (CT) in ASD can be parameterized as an individualized metric of atypicality relative to typically-developing (TD) age-related norms. Across a large sample (n = 870 per group) and wide age range (5–40 years), we applied normative modelling resulting in individualized whole-brain maps of age-related CT atypicality in ASD and isolating a small subgroup with highly age-atypical CT. Age-normed CT scores also highlights on-average differentiation, and associations with behavioural symptomatology that is separate from insights gleaned from traditional case-control approaches. This work showcases an individualized approach for understanding ASD heterogeneity that could potentially further prioritize work on a subset of individuals with cortical pathophysiology represented in age-related CT atypicality. Only a small subset of ASD individuals are actually highly atypical relative to age-norms. driving small on-average case-control differences.
Additional file 3 of Sagittal intervertebral rotational motion: a deep learning-based measurement on flexion–neutral–extension cervical lateral radiographs
Creators: name: Yan, Yuting
name: Zhang, Xinsheng
name: Meng, Yu
name: Shen, Qiang
name: He, Linyang
name: Cheng, Guohua
name: Gong, Xiangyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3. Bland–Altman plots (left) and correlation scatter diagrams (right) showing the differences and correlations between the model and reference standards on N/E motion.
Joint energy allocation for sensing and transmission in rechargeable wireless sensor networks
Creators: name: Mao, Shaobo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The energy management policy of a rechargeable wireless sensor network (WSN) needs to take into account the energy harvesting process, and is thus different from that of a traditional WSN powered by non-rechargeable batteries. In this thesis, we study the energy allocation for sensing and transmission in an energy harvesting sensor node with a rechargeable battery. The sensor aims to maximize the expected total amount of data transmitted subject to time-varying energy harvesting rate, energy availability in the battery, data availability in the data buffer, and channel fading. In this thesis, we first consider the energy allocation problem that assumes a fixed sensor lifetime. Then, we extend the energy allocation problem by taking into account the randomness of the senor lifetime. In the first part of this thesis, we study the joint energy allocation for sensing and transmission in an energy harvesting sensor node with a fixed sensor lifetime. We formulate the energy allocation problem as a finite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) and propose an optimal energy allocation (OEA) algorithm using backward induction. We conduct simulations to compare the performance between our proposed OEA algorithm and the channel-aware energy allocation (CAEA) algorithm extended from [1]. Simulation results show that the OEA algorithm can transmit a much larger amount of data over a finite horizon than the CAEA algorithm under different settings. In the second part of this thesis, we extend the joint energy allocation problem by taking into account the randomness of the sensor lifetime, and formulate the problem as an infinite-horizon discounted MDP. We propose an optimal stationary energy allocation (OSEA) algorithm using the value iteration. We then consider a special case with infinite data backlog and prove that the optimal transmission energy allocation (OTEA) policy is monotone with respect to the amount of battery energy available. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to compare the performance of the OSEA, OTEA, and CAEA algorithms. Results show that the OSEA algorithm transmits the largest amount of data, and the OTEA algorithm can achieve a near-optimal performance.
Primary versus early secondary referral to a specialized neurotrauma center in patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury: a CENTER TBI study.
Creators: name: Sewalt, Charlie Aletta
name: Gravesteijn, Benjamin Yaël
name: Menon, David
name: Lingsma, Hester Floor
name: Maas, Andrew I R
name: Stocchetti, Nino
name: Venema, Esmee
name: Lecky, Fiona E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Transfer
Traumatic brain injury
Referral
Trauma System
Humans
Glasgow Coma Scale
Glasgow Outcome Scale
Prospective Studies
Referral and Consultation
Brain Injuries, Traumatic

description: BackgroundPrehospital care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies with some emergency medical systems recommending direct transport of patients with moderate to severe TBI to hospitals with specialist neurotrauma care (SNCs). The aim of this study is to assess variation in levels of early secondary referral within European SNCs and to compare the outcomes of directly admitted and secondarily transferred patients.MethodsPatients with moderate and severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale ResultsA total of 1347 moderate/severe TBI patients from 53 SNCs in 18 European countries were included. Of these 1347 patients, 195 (14.5%) were admitted after early secondary referral. Secondarily referred moderate/severe TBI patients presented more often with a CT abnormality: mass lesion (52% vs. 34%), midline shift (54% vs. 36%) and acute subdural hematoma (77% vs. 65%). After adjusting for case-mix, there was a large European variation in early secondary referral, with a median OR of 1.69 between countries. Early secondary referral was not associated with functional outcome (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.78-1.69), nor with survival at discharge (1.05, 0.58-1.90).ConclusionsAcross Europe, substantial practice variation exists in the proportion of secondarily referred TBI patients at SNCs that is not explained by case mix. Within SNCs early secondary referral does not seem to impact functional outcome and survival after stabilisation in a non-specialised hospital. Future research should identify which patients with TBI truly benefit from direct transportation.
Characterization of maize producing households in Nakasongola and Soroti districts in Uganda
Creators: name: Mugisha, Johnny
name: Gratious M. Diiro
name: Ekere, William
name: Langyintuo, Augustine
name: Mwangi, Wilfred
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Characterization of maize producing households in Nakasongola and Soroti districts in Uganda
Boundary Conditions of Subharmonic Oscillations in Fixed-Switching-Frequency DC-DC Converters
Creators: name: Fang, Chung-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Design-oriented boundary conditions for subharmonic oscillations are of great interest recently. Based on a subharmonic oscillation boundary condition reported in a PhD thesis more than a decade ago, extended new boundary conditions are derived in closed forms for general switching DC-DC converters. Sampled-data and harmonic balance analyses are applied and generate equivalent results. It is shown that equivalent series resistance causes the boundary conditions for voltage/current mode control to have similar forms. Some recently reported boundary conditions become special cases in view of the general boundary conditions derived. New Nyquist-like design-oriented plots are proposed to predict or prevent the occurrence of the subharmonic oscillation. The relation between the crossover frequency and the subharmonic oscillation is also analyzed.
description: Title changed. Submitted to a journal on 2/24/11, and resubmitted to IJCTA on 8/10/11. Added: S-plot to determine the required ramp slope, V2 control, a counterexample (Example 5) of the ripple index hypothesis. The key results traced back from my 1997 PhD thesis, available: http://www.lib.umd.edu/drum/. My five IJCTA papers in arXiv have two common reviewers
Chế tạo chiếc máy bay chúng ta bay: lời hứa về mã nhận diện thường trực
Creators: name: Nghĩa, Lê Trung
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: mã nhận diện thường trực (PID)
rủi ro và lòng tin

description: Đây là bản dịch của tài liệu 'Building the plane as we fly it: the promise of Persistent Identifiers' của các tác giả Pablo de Castro, Ulrich Herb, Laura Rothfritz và Joachim Schöpfel (scidecode science consulting), do Knowledge Exchange (KE) xuất bản tháng 2/2023. Bản gốc tiếng Anh có tại địa chỉ: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258286
description: {"references": ["Pablo de Castro, Ulrich Herb, Laura Rothfritz and Joachim Sch\u00f6pfel (scidecode science science consulting) (2023): Building the plane as we fly it: the promise of Persistent Identifiers. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7258286"]}
COVID-19, the first pandemic in the post-genomic era.
Creators: name: Van Dorp, Lucy
name: Houldcroft, Charlotte J
name: Richard, Damien
name: Balloux, François
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The scale of the international efforts to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes is unprecedented. Early availability of genomes allowed rapid characterisation of the virus, thus kickstarting many highly successful vaccine development programmes. Worldwide genomic resources have provided a good understanding of the pandemic, supported close monitoring of the emergence of viral genomic diversity and pinpointed those sites to prioritise for functional characterisation. Continued genomic surveillance of global viral populations will be crucial to inform the timing of vaccine updates so as to pre-empt the spread of immune escape lineages. While genome sequencing has provided us with an exceptionally powerful tool to monitor the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, there is room for further improvements in particular in the form of less heterogeneous global surveillance and tools to rapidly identify concerning viral lineages.
title: The Spread and Scale of Change in Primary Healthcare: A COVID-19 Case Study
Creators: name: Jennings, James Robert Douglas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Healthcare
subject: Change Management
subject: Institutional Work
subject: COVID-19
subject: Primary Healthcare
subject: Education--Business
subject: Health Care Management

description: Implementing practice changes in Canadian healthcare has been challenging, hindering the country’s ability to adapt to meet the population's needs. Some factors contributing to this difficulty are the highly institutionalized and professionalized healthcare context, the need for greater integration within the healthcare organizational field, and a lack of understanding of the role of the meso-level in the change process. This single case study examined Calgary Zone’s (the Zone) primary care response during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between January and December 2020. During this time, the Zone implemented novel practice changes, specifically a patient care pathway and a centralized Data Hub, that helped primary care physicians care for their patients in the community. This contributed to the Zone having the lowest hospitalization rate and the highest percentage of COVID-19-positive patients treated in the community in the province. This study found there were three phases to the Zone response. The first phase involved reorganizing the primary care organizational field and developing a strategy for collective action; the second phase involved work to design and adopt the practice changes; and the third phase involved formalizing and scaling the practice changes. The study found that actors engaged in a relational process that incorporated boundary work and practice work to navigate the forces within the institutional field. This study makes several contributions to theory and practice. It proposes an institutional work model for change that describes how the institutional work done by the actors involved supported the change process. It articulates the meso-level's role in helping change in the highly institutionalized and professionalized healthcare organizational field. It highlights the importance of actors' roles in the field, particularly physician leaders. It also illustrates the importance of the concept of place in the process of change.
What's new and notable in bacterial spore killing!
Creators: name: Setlow, Peter
name: Christie, Graham
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bacillus
Spores
Spore Killing
Spore Resistance

description: Spores of many species of the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales can be vectors for food spoilage, human diseases and intoxications, and biological warfare. Many agents are used for spore killing, including moist heat in an autoclave, dry heat at elevated temperatures, UV radiation at 254 and more recently 222 and 400 nm, ionizing radiation of various types, high hydrostatic pressures and a host of chemical decontaminants. An alternative strategy is to trigger spore germination, as germinated spores are much easier to kill than the highly resistant dormant spores-the so called "germinate to eradicate" strategy. Factors important to consider in choosing methods for spore killing include the: (1) cost; (2) killing efficacy and kinetics; (3) ability to decontaminate large areas in buildings or outside; and (4) compatibility of killing regimens with the: (i) presence of people; (ii) food quality; (iii) presence of significant amounts of organic matter; and (iv) minimal damage to equipment in the decontamination zone. This review will summarize research on spore killing and point out some common flaws which can make results from spore killing research questionable.
Canonical basis for quantum osp(1|2)
Creators: name: Clark, Sean
name: Wang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a modified quantum enveloping algebra as well as a (modified) covering quantum algebra for the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebra osp(1|2). Then we formulate and compute the corresponding canonical bases, and relate them to the counterpart for sl(2). This provides a first example of canonical basis for quantum superalgebras.
description: v2, minor corrections and one reference added, to appear in Lett. Math. Phys. v3, very minor corrections, final version
Application of the Principle of Maximum Conformality to the Top-Quark Forward-Backward Asymmetry at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization scale uncertainty can be eliminated by the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) in a systematic scheme-independent way. Applying the PMC for the $t\bar{t}$-pair hadroproduction at the NNLO level, we have found that the total cross-sections $σ_{t\bar{t}}$ at both the Tevatron and LHC remain almost unchanged when taking very disparate initial scales $μ^{\rm init}_R$ equal to $m_t$, $10\,m_t$, $20\,m_t$ and $\sqrt{s}$, which is consistent with renormalization group invariance. As an important new application, we apply PMC scale-setting to study the top-quark forward-backward asymmetry. We observe that the more convergent perturbative series after PMC scale-setting leads to a more accurate top-quark forward-backward asymmetry. The resulting PMC prediction on the asymmetry is also free from the initial renormalization scale-dependence. Because the NLO PMC scale has a dip behavior for the $(q\bar{q})$-channel at small subprocess collision energies, the importance of this channel to the asymmetry is increased. We observe that the asymmetries $A_{FB}^{t\bar{t}}$ and $A_{FB}^{p\bar{p}}$ at the Tevatron will be increased by 42% in comparison to the previous estimates obtained by using conventional scale-setting; i.e. we obtain $A_{FB}^{t\bar{t},{\rm PMC}} \simeq 12.5%$ and $A_{FB}^{p\bar{p},{\rm PMC}} \simeq 8.28%$. Moreover, we obtain $A_{FB}^{t\bar{t},{\rm PMC}}(M_{t\bar{t}}>450 \;{\rm GeV}) \simeq 35.0%$. These predictions have a $1σ$-deviation from the present CDF and D0 measurements; the large discrepancies of the top-quark forward-backward asymmetry between the Standard Model estimate and the CDF and D0 data are thus greatly reduced.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. To match the published version. To be published in Phys.Rev.D
title: Returning from War: The Experience of Combat Soldiers Transitioning from War in Afghanistan to Peace in Canada – A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
Creators: name: St.Denis, Thomas Lewis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Phenomenology
subject: Descriptive Phenomenology
subject: Giorgi
subject: Soldier
subject: Transition
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: History--Military
subject: History--Canadian

description: Transitions of any kind are challenges almost by definition, and the transition of a combat soldier from a theatre of war to a peaceful home country is a very particular challenge. This study explored the lived experience of that transition by eight Canadian veterans who fought in the Afghanistan War and then returned to Canada. Retrospective descriptions of their experiences were obtained and analyzed using phenomenological methodology, specifically the descriptive phenomenological method of Amedeo Giorgi based on the philosophical phenomenology of Husserl. The aim of the study was to discover and describe the structure, or essence, of the transition experience and analysis revealed this to be a multi-faceted phenomenon characterized by a mixture of feelings including frustration, loss, appreciation and pride. The study's results should evoke in policy makers and members of the public a greater appreciation of how soldiers really experience their return home.
A curated dataset of modern and ancient high-coverage shotgun human genomes.
Creators: name: Maisano Delser, Pierpaolo
name: Jones, Eppie R
name: Hovhannisyan, Anahit
name: Cassidy, Lara
name: Pinhasi, Ron
name: Manica, Andrea
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Over the last few years, genome-wide data for a large number of ancient human samples have been collected. Whilst datasets of captured SNPs have been collated, high coverage shotgun genomes (which are relatively few but allow certain types of analyses not possible with ascertained captured SNPs) have to be reprocessed by individual groups from raw reads. This task is computationally intensive. Here, we release a dataset including 35 whole-genome sequenced samples, previously published and distributed worldwide, together with the genetic pipeline used to process them. The dataset contains 72,041,355 sites called across 19 ancient and 16 modern individuals and includes sequence data from four previously published ancient samples which we sequenced to higher coverage (10-18x). Such a resource will allow researchers to analyse their new samples with the same genetic pipeline and directly compare them to the reference dataset without re-processing published samples. Moreover, this dataset can be easily expanded to increase the sample distribution both across time and space.
Decentralizing Cell-Free RNA Sensing With the Use of Low-Cost Cell Extracts
Creators: name: Arce, Anibal
name: Guzman Chavez, Fernando
name: Gandini, Chiara
name: Puig, Juan
name: Matute, Tamara
name: Haseloff, Jim
name: Dalchau, Neil
name: Molloy, Jenny
name: Pardee, Keith
name: Federici, Fernán
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bioengineering and Biotechnology
cell-free
toehold-sensor
low-cost
diagnostics
decentralization

description: Cell-free gene expression systems have emerged as a promising platform for field-deployed biosensing and diagnostics. When combined with programmable toehold switch-based RNA sensors, these systems can be used to detect arbitrary RNAs and freeze-dried for room temperature transport to the point-of-need. These sensors, however, have been mainly implemented using reconstituted PURE cell-free protein expression systems that are difficult to source in the Global South due to their high commercial cost and cold-chain shipping requirements. Based on preliminary demonstrations of toehold sensors working on lysates, we describe the fast prototyping of RNA toehold switch-based sensors that can be produced locally and reduce the cost of sensors by two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that these in-house cell lysates provide sensor performance comparable to commercial PURE cell-free systems. We further optimize these lysates with a CRISPRi strategy to enhance the stability of linear DNAs by knocking-down genes responsible for linear DNA degradation. This enables the direct use of PCR products for fast screening of new designs. As a proof-of-concept, we develop novel toehold sensors for the plant pathogen Potato Virus Y (PVY), which dramatically reduces the yield of this important staple crop. The local implementation of low-cost cell-free toehold sensors could enable biosensing capacity at the regional level and lead to more decentralized models for global surveillance of infectious disease.