cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING STORAGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE: BEST PRACTICES, REGULATORY COMPLIANCE, AND EMERGING TRENDS
Creators: name: Khaled Alghamdi, Hussain Albeladi, Khalid Alotaibi, Mobarark Albeshri, Hamad Abdlqader Almaramhi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Effective storage management is paramount in the healthcare industry to ensure the integrity, safety, and availability of medicines and medical devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of key aspects of storage management, including facility design, temperature control, inventory management, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance. Best practices for each area are explored, emphasizing the importance of standardized operating procedures, temperature monitoring systems, efficient inventory management practices, staff training, and education. Additionally, emerging trends such as technology advancements, sustainability considerations, automation, and data analytics are discussed. Regulatory compliance and quality assurance play a crucial role in storage management, necessitating adherence to Good Storage Practices (GSP) and other regulatory requirements. By implementing these best practices and staying abreast of emerging trends, healthcare organizations can optimize storage operations, enhance patient care, and ensure compliance with industry standards.
More Phoenix Than Vulture: The Case For Distressed Investor Presence in the Bankruptcy Reorginization Process
Creators: name: Goldschmid, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: Firms in Chapter 11 bankruptcy are presumed to have going-concern value, with operational efficiencies, even though they are usually technically insolvent. A primary objective of Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings, therefore, is to protect such going-concern value from the potentially inefficient and destructive behavior of competing and self-motivated creditors. Commentators have often described the challenges of Chapter 11 proceedings as the “residual actor problem.” When the firm is solvent, shareholders, as the residual owners, know that their wealth, often reflected by a publicly traded stock value, is closely tied to firm value, and hence to the success of managerial decision-making. Consequently, it is in shareholders’ interests to champion strategies for long-run profit maximization. By contrast, when the firm is insolvent and in Chapter 11, shareholders’ claims are, by definition, negligible, and creditors cannot be relied upon to maximize an insolvent firm’s value. Senior creditor classes, whose debt may be fully secured or “above water,” will presumably favor risk-averse strategies that maximize the probability of recovering the full value of their loans. Junior creditors, who face low probabilities of appreciable recovery, will prefer high-risk strategies because there is little to lose and potentially something to gain by “swinging for the fences.” The unfortunate result in many bankruptcies is discord between two groups of potential decision makers: overly risk-averse creditors holding claims that are close to or are “above water,” and overly risk-tolerant creditors with claims that are far “below water.” The dynamic is “a basic form of the prisoner’s dilemma: the aggregation of individualistic, albeit rational, decisions leading to an inferior collective result.” An appropriate goal for Chapter 11 proceedings, therefore, is the effective provision of a collective forum for the re-creation of an efficient residual claimant class by creating a new “above-water” equity actor whose self-interest is aligned with the long-run value maximization of the firm. This study examines how the increased presence of distressed-debt investors in bankruptcy proceedings has greatly affected the residual actor problem. The thesis of this paper is that distressed-debt investors generally have a salutary impact on the residual actor problem of bankruptcy by expediting business reorganizations and protecting going-concern enterprise values.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 1
The optimal redshift for detecting ionized bubbles in HI 21-cm maps
Creators: name: Datta, Kanan K.
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Choudhury, T. Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of individual ionized bubbles in HI 21-cm maps is one of the most promising, direct probes of the epoch of reionization(EoR). Atleast 1000 hrs of observation would be required for such a detection with either the currently functioning GMRT or the upcoming MWA. Considering the large investment of telescope time it is essential to identify the``optimal redshift'' where the prospects of a detection are most favourable. We find that the optimal redshift is determined by a combination of instrument dependent factors and the evolution of the neutral fraction x_HI. We find that the redshift range 8.1 +/- 1.1 and 9.8 +/- 1 are optimum for detecting ionized bubbles with the GMRT and MWA respectively. The prospects of a detection, we find, are more favourable in a scenario with late reionization with x_HI \approx 0.5 at z \approx 7.5 as compared to an early reionization model where x_HI \approx 0.5 at z \approx 10. In the late reionization scenario, for both instruments a 3 σdetection is possible for bubbles of comoving radius R_b>= 30 Mpc with 1000 hrs of observation. Future observations will either lead to the detection of ionized bubbles, or in the event of non-detection, lead to constraints on the product x_HI R_b^γfor the observational volume, where γ=1.5 and 2 for GMRT and MWA respectively.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, minor changes, typos corrected, accepted by MNRAS LETTERS
Compensation Committee Reports Post-Sarbanes-Oxley: Unimproved Disclosure of Executive Compensation Policies and Practices
Creators: name: Mobley, Martin D.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: In the wake of an avalanche of corporate scandals, a re-energized debate over executive compensation has ensued. Sound bites and headlines demanding “pay for performance” resonate among a scorned investing populace. The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley” or the “Act”) has brought not just executive compensation, but all of corporate governance, out of classrooms and into living rooms around the country. In the light of these extraordinary events, this Article discusses and analyzes the improvements, if any, companies have made in the disclosure of their executive compensation policies and practices since the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley. Concurrently, this Article examines the guidance the SEC has provided in the area of compensation committee reports and argues that the SEC guidance is not clear and must be revisited. Specifically, this Article first discusses the history behind the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley and the advent of the “compensation committee report” through which companies communicate their executive compensation policies and practices. Second, this Article details the compensation committee report’s technical requirements. Third, this Article analyzes the guidance (and lack thereof) the SEC has provided with respect to the compensation committee report requirements. Finally, ten widely-held companies’ 2002, 2003, and 2004 compensation committee reports are analyzed utilizing the framework provided by the SEC’s rules. Systematic non-compliance with the SEC rules is apparent. A “Compensation Committee Report Guide” is appended to this Article in an attempt to provide companies with a roadmap to follow in complying with the compensation committee report requirements.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 1
Reexamining the Collective Entity Doctrine in the New Era of Limited Liability Entities–Should Business Entities Have a Fifth Amendment Privilege
Creators: name: Cole, Lance
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: One of the most significant developments in United States law at the end of the twentieth century has been the remarkable proliferation of new forms of business entities. The LLC form, in particular, is fast becoming the business form of choice for small start-up businesses. Small businesses that twenty or even ten years ago might have opted to incorporate are now choosing to do business as LLCs. More important for purposes of this article, as the advantages of the LLC form are becoming better known, many individuals who in the past would have simply carried on their business affairs as sole proprietorships are now forming LLCs. This is particularly true in states with LLC statutes that provide for single-member LLCs. Even in states that do not provide for single-member LLCs, it is relatively easy for a sole proprietor to satisfy the statutory requirements by having a family member or other trusted person serve as an additional member of the LLC. This trend is important because formation of an LLC may have an unintended consequence that business owners (and even their counsel) do not foresee at the time of formation–loss of the sole proprietor’s ability to assert a Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination when responding to a grand jury subpoena or other compulsory process seeking his or her business records. Appreciation of this point requires consideration of the “collective entity doctrine” that the Supreme Court has developed when applying the Fifth Amendment to business entities. This Article analyzes the exploding use of new forms of limited liability business entities, and the application of the collective entity doctrine to those new entities, necessitates a re-examination of the collective entity doctrine.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 1
Operation returning to school (Op RTS) : Canadian veterans’ experiences of transitioning to post-secondary studies
Creators: name: Huang, Alexander H.S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: An essential undertaking for all military veterans is transitioning into civilian spheres. Some elect to pursue higher education, and with the introduction of the Veterans Education and Training Benefit (Veterans Affairs Canada, 2019a), Canadian post-secondary institutions are particularly poised to welcome an increase of veterans on campuses. This transition process may be complicated by mental health concerns or difficulties with navigating a culturally distinct environment, and while the experiences of select veteran populations has been extensively researched, those pertaining specifically to Canadian student-veterans seem to be overlooked. This research, therefore, sought to explore and highlight the encounters of Canadian student-veterans within higher educational contexts. The study was guided by the following research question: what stories do veterans construct about their experiences as they transition from the military to post-secondary education? Utilizing narrative inquiry, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight student-veterans who were presently attending, or had recently completed, their post-secondary studies. Their shared experiences were developed into co-constructed stories that were then analyzed using a within and across narrative thematic analysis. Six total themes were identified: five themes common to all participants (Assessing Post-Secondary Readiness, Military Baggage, Division and Discord, Awareness Fostering Personal Growth and Change, and Achieving Student Success and Supporting Veterans’ Transition), and one unique theme that applied to several individuals (Hope and Appreciation). Informed by the participants’ narratives and their desire to support veterans’ transitioning into higher education, the study concludes with implications for post-secondary institutions, including ways to enhance post-secondary counselling centres and the practice of clinicians. Directions for future research is also offered.
Object Oriented Approach for Integration of Heterogeneous Databases in a Multidatabase System and Local Schemas Modifications Propagation
Creators: name: Ali, Mohammad Ghulam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the challenging problems in the multidatabase systems is to find the most viable solution to the problem of interoperability of distributed heterogeneous autonomous local component databases. This has resulted in the creation of a global schema over set of these local component database schemas to provide a uniform representation of local schemas. The aim of this paper is to use object oriented approach to integrate schemas of distributed heterogeneous autonomous local component database schemas into a global schema. The resulting global schema provides a uniform interface and high level of location transparency for retrieval of data from the local component databases. A set of integration operators are defined to integrate local schemas based on the semantic relevance of their classes and to provide a model independent representation of virtual classes of the global schema. The schematic representation and heterogeneity is also taken into account in the integration process. Justifications about Object Oriented Modal are also discussed. Bottom up local schema modifications propagation in Global schema is also considered to maintain Global schema as local schemas are autonomous and evolve over time. An example illustrates the applicability of the integration operator defined.
description: 6 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Asymptotic theory of semiparametric $Z$-estimators for stochastic processes with applications to ergodic diffusions and time series
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12 (Primary) 62M05, 62M10 (Secondary)

description: This paper generalizes a part of the theory of $Z$-estimation which has been developed mainly in the context of modern empirical processes to the case of stochastic processes, typically, semimartingales. We present a general theorem to derive the asymptotic behavior of the solution to an estimating equation $θ\leadsto Ψ_n(θ,\widehat{h}_n)=0$ with an abstract nuisance parameter $h$ when the compensator of $Ψ_n$ is random. As its application, we consider the estimation problem in an ergodic diffusion process model where the drift coefficient contains an unknown, finite-dimensional parameter $θ$ and the diffusion coefficient is indexed by a nuisance parameter $h$ from an infinite-dimensional space. An example for the nuisance parameter space is a class of smooth functions. We establish the asymptotic normality and efficiency of a $Z$-estimator for the drift coefficient. As another application, we present a similar result also in an ergodic time series model.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS693 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
An exact analytical solution for generalized growth models driven by a Markovian dichotomic noise
Creators: name: Aquino, G.
name: Bologna, M.
name: Calisto, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Logistic growth models are recurrent in biology, epidemiology, market models, and neural and social networks. They find important applications in many other fields including laser modelling. In numerous realistic cases the growth rate undergoes stochastic fluctuations and we consider a growth model with a stochastic growth rate modelled via an asymmetric Markovian dichotomic noise. We find an exact analytical solution for the probability distribution providing a powerful tool with applications ranging from biology to astrophysics and laser physics.
The Refrigerated Real Estate Boom: Who Is Really Paying the Price of Slotting?
Creators: name: Altschuler, Zachary
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: In November of 2003, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) released a staff study titled “Slotting Allowances in the Retail Grocery Industry: Selected Case Studies in Five Product Categories.” The result of recent efforts by the legislature to scrutinize the secretive world of retailing slotting fees, the report sought to provide the ongoing debate with much-needed empirical data. Having failed in an attempt to use the Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) to investigate these practices in September of 2000, the U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business & Entrepreneurship requested that the FTC take the helm, authorizing the Commission to spend up to $900,000 on its inquiry. The FTC’s study was narrow in scope. The Commission sent a voluntary access letter to nine retailers in an attempt to obtain “data, documents, and interrogatory responses on slotting allowances and other retailer practices for five product categories.” This Note examines how much light the resulting data sheds on the practice of slotting and suggests that such studies alone will not resolve the issues surrounding the practice of slotting. Regulators and legislators alike must first develop a common language with which to approach the problem and address possible limitations on traditional conceptions of the retailing industry.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 3
An Objective Survey of Mpc-Scale Radio Emission in 0.03
Creators: name: Rudnick, Lawrence
name: Lemmerman, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed the the first census of Mpc-scale radio emission to include control fields and quantifiable upper limits for bright X-ray clusters in the range 0.03
description: Accepted for publication, Astrophysical Journal. 47 pages, 19 figures
Enronitis: Why Good Corporations Go Bad
Creators: name: Greenwood, Daniel J. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: The Enron problem is widely understood to be the result of too weak of a legal mandate supporting the share-centered paradigm of corporate law. Paradoxically, however, it is in fact the predictable result of too strong of a share-centered view of the public corporation; share-centered corporate law creates the very problems it is meant to police. The single-valued profit maximization ethos of the share-centered corporation demands that managers teach themselves to exploit everyone around them. It is inevitable that some will learn this lesson so well that they will exploit even those for whose benefit they are supposed to be exploiting. What is needed is a new paradigm for understanding corporate law, one that emphasizes the collective, corporate nature of the public corporation without falling into the trap of assuming that easy professionalism can resolve difficult value choices. Corporations are governance structures as complex as any other and deserve to be analyzed as such. Reforms emanating from a new understanding of the public corporation as polis are more likely to ameliorate the dangers of Enronitis and other corporate dysfunctions. This Article reviews a few of the recent scandals and some of the reforms proposed in response. In addition it sets out the basic theoretical framework of the share-centered corporation and the fictional shareholder as applied to the problem of managerial incentives and loyalty: managers are directed to work for fictional shareholders who are, in turn, imagined to have no relationships with the rest of us. The law teaches managers to act as if they were fiduciaries for foreigners interested only in using us and our world, not as fellow citizens in a common enterprise. Instead of acting as the representatives of a major part of our collective governance system, they are told to treat us much as a not-too-benevolent colonial power might, as tools for a stranger’s projects.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 3
A new investigation of the binary HD 48099
Creators: name: Mahy, L.
name: Rauw, G.
name: Martins, F.
name: Naze, Y.
name: Gosset, E.
name: De Becker, M.
name: Sana, H.
name: Eenens, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With an orbital period of about 3.078 days, the double-lined spectroscopic binary HD 48099 is, still now, the only short-period O+O system known in the Mon OB2 association. Even though an orbital solution has already been derived for this system, few information are available about the individual stars. We present, in this paper, the results of a long-term spectroscopic campaign. We derive a new orbital solution and apply a disentangling method to recover the mean spectrum of each star. To improve our knowledge concerning both components, we determine their spectral classifications and their projected rotational velocities. We also constrain the main stellar parameters of both stars by using the CMFGEN atmosphere code and provide the wind properties for the primary star through the study of IUE spectra. This investigation reveals that HD 48099 is an O5.5 V((f))+O9 V binary with M_1 sin^3 i = 0.70 M_{\sun} and M_2 sin^3 i = 0.39 M_{\sun}, implying a rather low orbital inclination. This result, combined with both a large effective temperature and log g, suggests that the primary star (v sini ~ 91 km s^-1) is actually a fast rotator with a strongly clumped wind and a nitrogen abundance of about 8 times the solar value.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ
The U.S. Jurisdiction Over Transfers of U.S. Dollars Between Foreigners and Over Ownership of U.S. Dollar Accounts in Foreign Bans
Creators: name: Grusen, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: For a long time, the blocking or freeze of U.S. dollar transfers, including transfers taking place outside the United States, has been an important tool of U.S. foreign policy. After the attack on the United States on September 11, 2001, the U.S. government raised the issue of international terrorism and its financial aspects to a level of primary concern for the international community. The U.S. government has adopted a series of controls on domestic and foreign banking and other financial institutions that might facilitate or assist designated terrorist groups. To prevent the funding of terrorist activities, the United States not only may order the freeze of U.S. dollar transfers but also the seizure of dollar accounts that are maintained by foreign banks outside the United States. These measures against foreign transfers and foreign accounts have a great impact because fifty-five to seventy percent of all U.S. dollars are held abroad. This Article examines the legal basis for the jurisdiction of the United States over U.S. dollar assets that are either transferred through the international payment system or deposited at banks outside the United States.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 3
Transactional Python for Durable Machine Learning: Vision, Challenges, and Feasibility
Creators: name: Chockchowwat, Supawit
name: Li, Zhaoheng
name: Park, Yongjoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In machine learning (ML), Python serves as a convenient abstraction for working with key libraries such as PyTorch, scikit-learn, and others. Unlike DBMS, however, Python applications may lose important data, such as trained models and extracted features, due to machine failures or human errors, leading to a waste of time and resources. Specifically, they lack four essential properties that could make ML more reliable and user-friendly -- durability, atomicity, replicability, and time-versioning (DART). This paper presents our vision of Transactional Python that provides DART without any code modifications to user programs or the Python kernel, by non-intrusively monitoring application states at the object level and determining a minimal amount of information sufficient to reconstruct a whole application. Our evaluation of a proof-of-concept implementation with public PyTorch and scikit-learn applications shows that DART can be offered with overheads ranging 1.5%--15.6%.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear at DEEM 2023
Geometric phase of a central spin coupled to an antiferromagnetic environment
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiao-Zhong
name: Goan, Hsi-Sheng
name: Zhu, Ka-Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the spin-wave approximation, we study the geometric phase (GP) of a central spin (signal qubit) coupled to an antiferromagnetic (AF) environment under the application of an external global magnetic field. The external magnetic field affects the GP of the qubit directly and also indirectly through its effect on the AF environment. We find that when the applied magnetic field is increased to the critical magnetic field point, the AF environment undergoes a spin-flop transition, a first-order phase transition, and at the same time the GP of the qubit changes abruptly to zero. This sensitive change of the GP of a signal qubit to the parameter change of a many-body environment near its critical point may serve as another efficient tool or witness to study the many-body phase transition. The influences of the AF environment temperature and crystal anisotropy field on the GP are also investigated.
description: 5 figures; Phys. Rev. A (in press)
10(b) or Not 10(b)?: Yanking the Security Blanket for Attorneys in Securities Litigation
Creators: name: Nowicki, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: The renewed debate over whether and, if so, how defrauded investors can hold attorneys liable for perpetrating securities fraud is now a decade old. Until 1994, attorneys could be held liable by private plaintiffs when they aided and abetted violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Section 10(b)”). In 1994, the Supreme Court, in Central Bank of Denver v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, held that a private plaintiff could not bring suit against a defendant for aiding and abetting a Section 10(b) violation. A five-four majority of the Justices held that only primary liability under Section 10(b) was actionable by private plaintiffs. This decision was a windfall for attorneys and other non-issuer defendants such as accountants, analysts, and underwriters who had historically been brought into Section 10(b) lawsuits as aiders and abettors. After Central Bank, private plaintiffs could only sue these potential defendants if the defendants themselves had violated Section 10(b), as opposed to merely assisting others who were violating Section 10(b). The implications of the Central Bank decision were huge: the attorney conspirators who were critical to effectuating fraudulent transactions now appeared to be almost unreachable by defrauded investors. In the decade since Central Bank, federal courts have struggled with this issue. Clearly, the federal courts want to adhere to the Supreme Court’s edict in Central Bank disavowing the “aiding and abetting” liability of attorneys under Section 10(b). At the same time, the courts recognize that, at least in certain situations, attorneys should be held liable as primary violators of (as opposed to aiders and abettors under) Section 10(b). Some federal appellate courts have attempted to establish tests to categorize when to hold attorneys liable as primary violators of Section 10(b) (as opposed to unreachable aiders and abettors). Other courts have essentially preserved aiding and abetting liability in apparent contravention of Central Bank. Finally, certain courts have allowed clearly fraudulent behavior to escape liability. A schizophrenic jurisprudence has evolved. This Article attempts to guide the federal judiciary through a principled application of Section 10(b) to attorneys. The federal judiciary must take a more principled approach to resolving attorney liability under Section 10(b). On the tenth anniversary of Central Bank, investor confidence remains dramatically low, and corporate misconduct is rampant. Absent a principled and purposeful application of Section 10(b) to attorneys, incidents of corporate misconduct will not abate. Attorneys need a compelling reason to disassociate themselves from fraudulent transactions, or investors will continue to be fleeced through attorney-aided acts of corporate deceit. The judiciary must aggressively apply Section 10(b) to attorneys as primary violators.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 3
Extended MSSM Neutralinos as the Source of the PAMELA Positron Excess
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scenario within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model extended by a singlet chiral superfield, in which neutralino dark matter annihilates to light singlet-like Higgs bosons, which proceed to decay to either electron-positron or muon-antimuon pairs. Unlike neutralino annihilations in the MSSM, this model can provide a good fit to the PAMELA cosmic ray positron fraction excess. Furthermore, the singlet-like scalar Higgs can induce a large Sommerfeld enhancement and provide an annihilation rate sufficient to accommodate the observed positron excess.
TAA-GCN: A Temporally Aware Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for Age Estimation
Creators: name: Korban, Matthew
name: Young, Peter
name: Acton, Scott T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel age estimation algorithm, the Temporally-Aware Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network (TAA-GCN). Using a new representation based on graphs, the TAA-GCN utilizes skeletal, posture, clothing, and facial information to enrich the feature set associated with various ages. Such a novel graph representation has several advantages: First, reduced sensitivity to facial expression and other appearance variances; Second, robustness to partial occlusion and non-frontal-planar viewpoint, which is commonplace in real-world applications such as video surveillance. The TAA-GCN employs two novel components, (1) the Temporal Memory Module (TMM) to compute temporal dependencies in age; (2) Adaptive Graph Convolutional Layer (AGCL) to refine the graphs and accommodate the variance in appearance. The TAA-GCN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on four public benchmarks, UTKFace, MORPHII, CACD, and FG-NET. Moreover, the TAA-GCN showed reliability in different camera viewpoints and reduced quality images.
Governing Insiders Going Private on Inside Information
Creators: name: Al-Moosa, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: Going private transactions represent a unique niche in corporate law; they are distinct in that “the arms-length bargaining that is present in the majority of inter-corporate transactions is absent,” and thus they raise special concern regarding conflicts of interest. This creates a situation ripe for misconduct, and must be specifically addressed. A number of doctrines can be applied to such transactions, including some that were developed in other contexts. For example, the doctrines of fiduciary duty, corporate opportunity and insider trading govern insiders’ conduct generally. In addition to these broader doctrines, Federal securities regulations addressed this going private conflict of interest with the promulgation of Rule 13e-3, the only doctrine developed specifically to police going private. This paper examines the application of these different doctrines to a particular type of going private conflict: the challenge insiders of a corporation face when choosing to take a corporation private on the basis of inside information. This topic is particularly relevant today because of the recent increase in going private transactions. This increase can be attributed in part to depressed stock prices (as a result of the recent market decline) that made it cheaper to buy out stockholders, and to heightened corporate regulation in the wake of recent corporate scandals, particularly in the form of Sarbanes-Oxley, which has increased the costs for companies to remain public.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 2
Going Private Transactions: Delaware’s Race to the Bottom?
Creators: name: Quintana, Jason M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: Since the fall of companies such as Enron, Worldcom and Adelphia Communications corporate governance issues have gained national attention. As a result of these corporate crises and corresponding legislative responses such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), these issues have not only forced many public companies to reevaluate their governance policies, but also their status as a public concern altogether. As in the 1960’s and 1970’s, going private has once again become a viable option for many public companies. With this trend in mind, it is important for both practitioners and academics to analyze the legal issues surrounding going private transactions within a conceptual framework that both charts the current dynamics of the law and provides some answers as to where the law is headed. For practitioners, the ability to frame and forecast going private developments is paramount to capably handling their clients’ current and future needs. For the academician, a competent framework can operate as a prism to view and anticipate issues ranging from market inefficiencies to shifts in value so that they may be applied in a substantive way to the existing corporate legal regimes. One such framework that has been utilized by both practitioners and academics can be seen in the market for corporate charters. The dynamics and characterizations of this market hinge on whether states are in a race to the bottom or a race to the top. Put another way, this market can be defined by determining whether states design rules that may be inefficient, but favor (and attract) those parties that are ultimately in charge of deciding where to incorporate, or whether those states promulgate optimal rules that buoy shareholder value as their core goal. While the race to the bottom/race to the top argument has been well-canvassed in existing legal, financial and economic literature, it has yet to be applied explicitly to going private transactions. The purpose of this paper is to apply the debate and its theoretical framework to going private transactions and to argue that states are engaged in a race to the bottom within this context. Going private transactions offer a unique opportunity to analyze this debate specifically because there are multiple mechanisms to take a corporation private–including traditional negotiated mergers, tender offers, asset dispositions, and reverse stock splits. Similarly, going private transactions raise the specter of self-dealing and shareholders may end up with a sub-optimal value because of the coercive nature of such transactions.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 2
A Brief Roadmap to Going Private
Creators: name: Koenig, Joshua M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: In the midst of increasing regulatory burdens and a shaken economy that is slow to recover, more and more U.S. companies are choosing to forego their public status through “going private” transactions. “Through the end of August, sixty public companies had already [gone] private in 2003, . . . up from forty-nine during the same period in 2002 and thirty-two in 2001.” The number of companies going private in the sixteen-month period following the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act numbered 120, 30% more than in the sixteen-month period prior to its July 30, 2002 enactment. Experts expect that with the sluggish economic recovery and increased regulatory compliance costs, the going private trend will continue to pick up speed. The purpose of this paper is to offer the reader a basic roadmap to going private, introducing and bridging the major considerations involved in the typical going private transaction. Part Two provides an overview of going private, beginning by defining “going private” and highlighting the major reasons companies go private, including the effective closure of capital markets, avoidance of regulatory expenses, long-term value maximization, and decreasing agency costs. It continues by pointing out current sources of these reasons, such as market downturns and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which combine to make an environment highly favorable to going private transactions. The section then presents barriers that may prevent a company considering going private from making the move and introduces the key players in a going private transaction. Part Two closes by analyzing the popular means by which to finance a going private transaction and the current climate in which such financing may be procured. Part Three presents the legal considerations that come into play when a company chooses to go private, including federal disclosure rules and state compliance laws. These considerations may affect both the choice of whether to take a company private and the optimal transaction structure chosen once such a decision has been made. The section begins by examining Rule 13e-3, the federal disclosure standard that governs going private transactions, describing its mechanics and disclosure requirements. Relevant state law issues are then introduced, with particular attention being given to legally enforceable standards of review, including the well-known “entire-fairness” test. Finally, Part Four details the possible means of structuring the going private transaction, which include the long-form merger, the tender offer, the reverse stock split, and the asset sale and dissolution. Advantages and disadvantages of each structure are compared, and reflect timing, financing, tax, and legal considerations, including recent Delaware case law that makes the tender offer the transaction of choice for controlling shareholders taking a company private.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 2
Examining transitional galaxies to understand the role of clusters and their dynamical status in galaxy quenching
Creators: name: Brambila, Douglas
name: Lopes, Paulo A. A.
name: Ribeiro, André L. B.
name: Cortesi, Arianna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider four different galaxy populations and two distinct global environments in the local Universe (z $\leq 0.11$) to investigate the evolution of transitional galaxies (such as star-forming spheroids and passive discs) across different environments. Our sample is composed of 3,899 galaxies within the R$_{200}$ radius of 231 clusters and 11,460 field galaxies. We also investigate the impact of the cluster's dynamic state, as well as the galaxy's location in the projected phase space diagram (PPS). We found that although the cluster environment as a whole influences galaxy evolution, the cluster dynamical state does not. Furthermore, star-forming galaxies represent recent cluster arrivals in comparison to passive galaxies (especially in the case of early-types). Among the ETGs, we find that the D$_n(4000)$ and H$_δ$ parameters indicate a smooth transition between the subpopulations. In particular, for the SF-ETGs, we detect a significant difference between field and cluster galaxies, as a function of stellar mass, for objects with Log $M_*$/M$_{\odot} > 10.5$. Analyzing the color gradient, the results point toward a picture where field galaxies are more likely to follow the monolithic scenario, while the cluster galaxies the hierarchical scenario. In particular, if we split the ETGs into lenticulars and ellipticals, we find that the steeper color gradients are more common for the lenticulars. Finally, our results indicate the need for galaxy pre-processing in smaller groups, before entering clusters.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, accept for publication at MNRAS in 2023 April 21
The ideals of an ideal extension
Creators: name: Mesyan, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16S70 (primary), 16D25, 16N20 (secondary)

description: Given a unital associative ring S and a subring R, we say that S is an ideal (or Dorroh) extension of R if for some ideal I of S, S = R + I, where the sum is direct. In this note we investigate the ideal structure of an arbitrary ideal extension of an arbitrary ring R. In particular, we describe the Jacobson and upper nil radicals of such a ring, in terms of the Jacobson and upper nil radicals of R, and we determine when such a ring is prime and when it is semiprime. We also classify all the prime and maximal ideals of an ideal extension S of R, under certain assumptions on the ideal I. These are generalizations of earlier results in the literature.
description: 23 pages
Pion and photon production in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: David, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement of neutral pions and direct photons are closely connected experimentally, on the other hand they probe quite different aspects of relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this short review of the $π^0$ results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC our focus is on the $ϕ$-integrated nuclear modification factor, its energy and system size dependence, and the impact of these results on parton energy loss models. We also discuss the current status of high $p_T$ and thermal direct photon measurements both in $p$ + $p$ and Au+Au collisions. Recognizing the advantages of measuring not only the "signal", but also all the "references" needed for proper interpretation in the same experiments (with same or similar systematics) we argue that RHIC should regularly include $d$ + A and even $d$ + $d$ collisions into its system size and energy scan.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at the March 2008 High pT physics at the LHC workshop in Tokaj, Hungary
A New Scheduling Algorithms For Real Time Tasks
Creators: name: Yaashuwanth, C.
name: Ramesh, Dr. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The main objective of this paper is to develop the two different ways in which round robin architecture is modified and made suitable to be implemented in real time and embedded systems. The scheduling algorithm plays a significant role in the design of real time embedded systems. Simple round robin architecture is not efficient to be implemented in embedded systems because of higher context switch rate, larger waiting time and larger response time. Missing of deadlines will degrade the system performance in soft real time systems. The main objective of this paper is to develop the scheduling algorithm which removes the drawbacks in simple round robin architecture. A comparison with round robin architecture to the proposed architectures has been made. It is observed that the proposed architectures solves the problems encountered in round robin architecture in soft real time by decreasing the number of context switches waiting time and response time thereby increasing the system throughput.
description: 6 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Part Three: 2003 Antitrust Developments in Regulated Industries
Creators: name: Antitrust Committee, ABCNY
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: On the eve of the expansion of the European Union to no fewer than twenty-five countries comprising more than 380 million consumers, it is inevitably the case that more and more American corporations will find the way they do business to be influenced by the European Union’s competition law regime. It is, therefore, increasingly important for United States corporations and their legal counsel to understand not only the key differences in the U.S. antitrust and E.U. competition enforcement regimes, but why those differences exist and how they matter to a corporation’s day-to-day business conduct. As Judge Wood notes, both the U.S. and the E.U. systems are based on principles that free markets and full-throated competition will produce the best mixture of goods and services in the most efficient way. Within this broad umbrella of philosophical agreement, however, important differences exist. This Article explores recent developments in three such areas: (i) the treatment of single-firm conduct; (ii) regulation of “gray market” or parallel imports by the European Union, and (iii) analysis of the risk of coordinated effects in merger reviews. This analysis reveals that, while areas of convergence in substantive analysis do exist, the type of economic analysis that is characteristic of recent U.S. antitrust developments has been constrained in the European Union by two unique political imperatives: the objective of integrating diverse national markets into a “single market,” while in the process protecting small- and medium-sized enterprises. As alluded to in Judge Wood’s remarks, both of these objectives are steeped in history and thus likely to remain significant factors forming the development of E.U. competition law.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 2
Part Two: The Role of Economics and Economists in Antitrust Law
Creators: name: Antitrust Committee, ABCNY
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2004

description: On the eve of the expansion of the European Union to no fewer than twenty-five countries comprising more than 380 million consumers, it is inevitably the case that more and more American corporations will find the way they do business to be influenced by the European Union’s competition law regime. It is, therefore, increasingly important for United States corporations and their legal counsel to understand not only the key differences in the U.S. antitrust and E.U. competition enforcement regimes, but why those differences exist and how they matter to a corporation’s day-to-day business conduct. As Judge Wood notes, both the U.S. and the E.U. systems are based on principles that free markets and full-throated competition will produce the best mixture of goods and services in the most efficient way. Within this broad umbrella of philosophical agreement, however, important differences exist. This Article explores recent developments in three such areas: (i) the treatment of single-firm conduct; (ii) regulation of “gray market” or parallel imports by the European Union, and (iii) analysis of the risk of coordinated effects in merger reviews. This analysis reveals that, while areas of convergence in substantive analysis do exist, the type of economic analysis that is characteristic of recent U.S. antitrust developments has been constrained in the European Union by two unique political imperatives: the objective of integrating diverse national markets into a “single market,” while in the process protecting small- and medium-sized enterprises. As alluded to in Judge Wood’s remarks, both of these objectives are steeped in history and thus likely to remain significant factors forming the development of E.U. competition law.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2004 No. 2