Scaralina OCCURRING
Creators: name: Yanega, Douglas
name: Goemans, Geert
name: Dam, Matthew Van
name: Gómez-Marco, Francesc
name: Hoddle, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Fulgoridae
Scaralina

description: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SCARALINA OCCURRING NORTH OF PANAMA
1. Mottling of dorsal thorax composed primarily of numerous, tiny pale spots on a dark background, each spot with a seta in its center (Figs 42, 44–47)— cristata species group............................................................. 2
-. Dorsal thoracic markings otherwise, well-defined............................................................ 6
2. Pronotal carina strongly cristate (Fig. 12); spots on thoracic dorsum and vertex mostly well-separated (Fig. 44); abdomen with strong dark bands separating the median and lateral pale markings, which are composed of fused spots (Fig. 15)............................................... cristata Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (USA: AZ, NM; Mex: CHI, DUR, SON)
-. Pronotal carina sometimes strong, but not compressed into a crest; spots on thoracic dorsum and vertex mostly fused into irregular clusters (Figs 42, 45–47); abdomen with irregular dark markings, median and lateral pale markings largely confluent (Figs 6, 13, 17–18).................................................................................... 3
3. Abdominal dorsum extensively bright red; hindwing very broadly red at base (Fig. 18); forewing heavily maculated medially with contrasting venation (Fig. 61); large species (well over 20 mm from frons to wing tips)........................................................................................... gigantea Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: CHI, DUR)
-. Abdominal dorsum yellowish to orange; hindwing basal markings small, orange in color; forewing maculation variable but never as extensive..................................................................................... 4
4. Hindwing reddish-orange at base; abdominal dorsum mostly orange (Fig. 17); forewings with distinct medial maculation (Fig. 60); lower frons mostly dark (Fig. 30); female lacking elongated supra-anal plate on tergum 6............................................................................................. durango Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: DUR)
-. Hindwing pale orange at base; abdominal dorsum yellowish (Figs 6, 13, 19); lower frons at least partially pale with contrasting dark circular spots (Figs 27, 32); forewings with faint spotting medially (Figs 57, 62)............................... 5
5. Frons with large dark spots (Fig. 27); female lacking elongated supra-anal plate on tergum 6 (Fig. 6)........................................................ aethrinsula Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (USA: AZ, ID, NM, UT; Mex: CHI)
-. Frons mostly pale, with very small dark spots (Fig. 32); female with elongated supra-anal plate (Fig. 19)....................................................................................... hawksi Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: DUR)
6. Lower frons without tiny dark spots, upper edge of frons smooth and largely or entirely pale, clypeus only slightly longer than broad (Figs 28, 35); hindwings blue or red at base........................................................... 7
-. Lower frons with tiny dark spots (or entirely black), upper edge of frons irregularly maculated and/or with vertical creases, clypeus distinctly longer than broad (Figs 33–34, 36–41); hindwings orange or reddish-orange at base— marmorata species group............................................................................................... 8
7. Frons entirely pale yellowish green (Fig. 28), forewing bases and postcostal cell strongly marked with rose-magenta and green (Figs 14, 58)...................................... chapina Goemans & Yanega, sp. nov. (Guatemala to Honduras)
-. Frons dark with upper margin pale, and dark intrusion at midline (Fig. 35); forewing bases extensively black, venation highly contrasting, greenish, including in postcostal cell (Figs 21, 65).................................................................................................... monzoni Goemans & Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: SIN to Panama)
8. Base of forewing with dark sub-basal band greatly reduced, light markings mostly orange, semi-translucent, remainder of wing almost entirely hyaline, often with unusually large rectangular cells (Figs 26, 70–71)................................ 9
-. Base of forewing with dark sub-basal band more extensive, light markings and crossveins varying from translucent to opaquely pale ochraceous, remainder of wing with distinct, irregular spotting, cells not especially large........................ 10
9. Hindwings light orange at base; basal half of subcostal cell lacking crossveins (Fig. 71); pronotum pale anteromedially (Fig. 56); frons laterally nearly straight, lower lobes not expanded laterally (Fig. 41)........................................................................................... veracruzensis Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (Mex: VER)
-. Hindwings reddish-orange at base; basal half of postcostal cell with crossveins (Figs 26, 70); pronotum black anteromedially (Figs 26, 55); frons laterally slightly concave, lower lobes expanded laterally (Fig. 40)................................................................................................... sullivani Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: VER)
10. Lateral mesonotal carinae low but distinct, with posterior portion running along inner (medial) side of posterior mesonotal spot, thus appearing strongly recurved (Fig. 49); medial abdominal dorsum broadly orange (Fig. 20)........................................................................... metcalfi Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (USA: AZ; Mex: CHI)
-. Lateral mesonotal carinae with posterior portion running distinctly along outer (lateral) side of posterior mesonotal spot, thus gently sinuate (Figs 48, 51–56); medial abdominal dorsum with at most pale marks on terga 2 and 3 and/or a narrow orange midline (Figs 16, 22–26).............................................................................. 11
11. Frons very slightly convex, with upper inflection gently rounded; lateral margin of frons slightly concave, lower lobes expanded laterally (Figs 36–37); medial abdominal dorsum variable but generally mostly dark (Figs 22–23); basal half of postcostal cell lacking crossveins (Figs 66–67)......................................................................... 12
-. Frons flat to slightly impressed, upper inflection almost an obtuse angle, and with one to three low medial ridges; lateral margin of frons nearly straight, lower lobes not expanded (Figs 33, 38–39); medial abdominal dorsum typically with pale marks on terga 2 and 3 (Figs 16, 24–25); only basal quarter of postcostal cell without crossveins (Figs 63, 68–69)................ 13
12. Hind wings orange at base; pronotum mostly pale with small black markings (Fig. 52)................................................................... obrienae Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (Mex: JAL to HID, south to Guatemala)
-. Hindwings red at base; pronotum mostly black with limited pale markings (Fig. 51)................................................................................................. obfusca Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: CHI, DUR)
13. Setae on dorsal notum shorter than spaces between them and slightly recumbent; lower frons and clypeus with extensive pale coloration (Fig. 33).................................... marmorata (Spinola) (USA: TX to FL, north to OK and VA)
-. Setae on dorsal notum long, erect (Fig. 3); lower frons and clypeus almost entirely dark (Figs 38–39).................. 14
14. Base of forewings with crossveins and membrane of pale area orange-tinted (Figs 24, 68); frons weakly impressed at most (Fig. 38)..................................................... orientalis Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: NL, PUE, SLP, TAM)
-. Base of forewings with crossveins whitish, and membrane hyaline (Figs 25, 69); frons strongly impressed on either side of elevated midline (Fig. 39).................................................... rileyi Yanega, sp. nov. (USA: TX)
description: Published as part of Yanega, Douglas, Goemans, Geert, Dam, Matthew Van, Gómez-Marco, Francesc & Hoddle, Mark, 2024, Description of a new genus of North and Central American planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) with fourteen new species, pp. 1-53 in Zootaxa 5443 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5443.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10997023