Blepharoneura hyalinella Norrbom & Condon 2010, new species
Creators: name: Norrbom, Allen L.
name: Condon, Marty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Blepharoneura
Blepharoneura hyalinella

description: Blepharoneura hyalinella Norrbom & Condon, new species   
Figs. 38–39, 134  
 Diagnosis. This species resembles B. amplihyalina, bipunctata, apaapa, multipunctata and nigriapex in having a dark brown spot posterodorsally on the anepisternum, a single medial brown spot on the scutellum, and 3 hyaline marginal spots in cell m. It differs from B. bipunctata and multipunctata in having a single broad marginal hyaline mark basally in cell r1. It differs from the other three species by the small size of the posteromedial hyaline area in cell dm. The aculeus tip is less elongate than in B. amplihyalina and apaapa, and differs from that of B. nigriapex in having the gap between the lateral and sublateral lobes wider than long.   
 Description. Head: Dark brown area on ocellar tubercle extended at least half distance to postocellar seta or reaching its level medially. Medial occipital sclerite with pair of dark brown submedial vittae on ventral half. Occipital suture narrowly dark brown.   
Thorax: Postpronotal lobe mostly yellow, with small dark brown spot at junction with anepisternum, diffuse brown spot on posterolateral margin, and dorsal brown area connected to anterior end of sublateral scutal vitta. Scutum entirely microtrichose, with 2 pairs of dark brown vittae; submedial vitta narrowed or usually interrupted slightly posterior to transverse suture and not connected to marks on posterior margin; sublateral vitta interrupted at transverse suture, posterior part complete to or almost to level of intra-alar seta, separated from mark on posterior margin; posterior margin with 2 broad quadrate dark brown marks, usually narrowly separated but occasionally narrowly connected posteriorly. Notopleuron mostly brown except for small pale spot surrounding posterior seta. Small dark brown spot anterior to postsutural supra-alar seta, large dark brown spot lateral to postsutural supra-alar seta, large dark brown spot anterior to postalar seta, and large dark brown spot lateral to dorsolateral corner of scutellum present. Scutellum with single small to moderate sized basomedial brown spot. Subscutellum and mediotergite with pair of moderately broad dark brown vittae, mediotergite also with lateral margin of at least ventral half narrowly brown. Pleuron mostly yellow. Anepisternum with dark brown spot dorsal to anterior seta. Anepimeron usually without medial brown spot (small and faint in 3 of 11 specimens). Anatergite with large dorsomedial dark brown mark, sometimes extended to posterior margin. Basalare brown. Dorsocentral seta aligned slightly anterior to postalar seta.  
Legs: Mostly yellow. Anteroventral apical ridge of mid femur and/or anteroventral basal ridge of mid tibia dark brown. Anteroventral and posteroventral ridges of hind femur and/or anteroventral and posteroventral basal ridges of hind tibia dark brown.  
Wing (Figs. 38–39): Length 7.40–8.00 mm, width 3.50–3.83 mm, ratio 2.02–2.11. Crossvein r-m at 0.55– 0.58 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu. Cell c with 2 rectangular to inverted trapezoidal hyaline to subhyaline spots, both reaching costa and subcosta but fading to pale brown posteriorly or sometimes with narrow pale brown posterior margin; medial brown area paler than area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma, sometimes paler medially, slightly broader than basal hyaline spot and usually as broad as to slightly broader than distal spot. Pterostigma with large hyaline to pale brown subapical spot [#3], usually reaching R1. Cells r1 and r2+3 basally (proximal to apex of R1) with 2–4 and 1–4 pale brown spots, respectively. Radial cells medially with 1 relatively narrow quadrate or usually inverted trapezoidal or subtriangular basal hyaline mark [#5] in cell r1, often fading to pale brown posteriorly or occasionally (at least 1 wing on 5 specimens) with small brown spot partially dividing it on posterior margin; cell r2+3 with 2 hyaline to pale brown spots posterior to r1 mark, basal spot [#8] sometimes slightly proximal or distal spot [#9] usually slightly more distal, distal spot often moderately broad but rarely extended more than halfway across cell, not reaching R4+5; cell r4+5 usually with small pale brown spot [#14?] anteriorly or medially and aligned with r1 mark, with small hyaline spot [#15] aligned with or slightly distal to dm-cu, and also with additional tiny pale brown spots, 1–3 on or near anterior margin and 1–2 on or near posterior margin. Distally cell r1 with 2 or rarely 3 small marginal hyaline spots [#6 and additional spots], sometimes (at least 1 wing on 6 of 11 specimens) also with 1 small pale brown posterior spot. Cell r2+3 with 2 small to elongate marginal hyaline marks [#10, 11], both usually not extending to vein R4+5 (only proximal mark occasionally reaching it), proximal mark often divided into marginal spot and spot near R4+5 or short and not extending beyond midwidth of cell. Cell r4+5 usually with small hyaline spot [#16] anteriorly (absent in 1 specimen), aligned between apical marks in cell r2+3 or with more distal mark; with small posterior hyaline spot aligned with medial mark or spots in cell m; and with 1–2 small rounded marginal or subapical spots [#18, #18A], more anterior spot [#18A] often (6 of 11 specimens) absent or fused to posterior spot to form C-shaped mark. Cell m with small subbasal hyaline spot [#49] near midlength of dm-cu and sometimes (at least 1 wing of 5 of 11 specimens) with tiny additional spot near anterobasal corner; with small anteromedial spot [#26A], and 3 usually ovoid marginal (medial spot occasionally submarginal) hyaline spots [proximal #27, distal #29], medial spot [fused #26, #28] usually largest, occasionally (2 of 11 specimens) fused with anteromedial spot. Cell br with subbasal pale brown spot [#12]. Cell bm with circular subbasal and subapical hyaline or pale brown spots [#19, #20]. Cell bcu usually with small hyaline or pale brown spot in lobe (absent in 1 wing of 2 specimens), often extending anteriorly into cell cu1 or that cell with similar nearby spot. Posteromedial part of wing with large hyaline marginal area; cell br subapically with hyaline spot [#13] and small to minute, much more proximal pale brown spot; cell dm with 1–3 small spots in basal half, usually pale brown, and larger ovoid posteromedial hyaline spot [#24 or fused #23, #24] (0.16– 0.23 times as long as cell along vein Cu1) much shorter than hyaline mark in cell cu1 and aligned with its distal half; cell cu1 with large hyaline area covering almost medial half [broad fusion of at least #32, #33, #34, #35?, #36, #36A], broad on posterior wing margin, with subbasal submarginal brown spot, 1 submarginal diffuse pale brown spot, and usually 1 anterior pale brown spot, the latter 2 occasionally narrowly connected to subbasal brown spot faintly dividing hyaline area; subapical marginal hyaline spot [#37] small to moderate sized, not reaching vein Cu1. Cell dm with subapical hyaline spot [#25] minute (2 specimens) or usually absent, well separated from posteromedial spot [#24] when present, and with 1–2 anterior and 1 posterior small more distal spots, at least the posterior spot [#53] aligned or nearly aligned with subapical mark in cell cu1.  
Abdomen: Mostly yellow, with 4 rows of evenly spaced dark brown spots; tergites 3–5 usually also with anterolateral spot touching or almost touching lateral margin (absent on tergites 3 and 4 in 2 ♀); also with pair of spots or more commonly with them connected to form L-shaped band on posterior margin and posterolateral corner of all tergites, separated medially, on tergites 3–6 extending anteriorly on lateral margin, sometimes connected to anterolateral spot, but lateral margin always partially yellow at least on tergites 3 and 4; submedial spots occasionally connected to sublateral spots on syntergite 1+2, and some or all spots on other tergites occasionally connected to posterior bands or spots.  
Female terminalia: Oviscape entirely dark brown; length 1.50–1.70 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 134) 1.06–1.08 mm long, 2.08–2.12 times as long as wide, with acute scales dorsally and ventrally on membrane medially; tip angular basolaterally, short triangular (lobed part 0.46–0.50 times as long as wide), with small, truncate medial lobe and 3 pairs of step-like lobes separated by relatively deep gaps; sublateral lobe much larger than submedial lobe; lateral gap 0.71–0.83 times as long as wide. Spermathecae subspherical, with straight to slightly convoluted, slender sclerotized neck and small cylindrical basal apodeme.  
Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae separated by several times width of medial prensiseta, medial prensiseta on long lobe, lateral prensiseta subequal to medial prensiseta.  
 Distribution. Bolivia. The type locality is a remnant of Yungas forest. The specimens were collected at 2000–2050 m elevation.   
 Type data. Holotype ♀ (ANCB USNMENT00055938), BOLIVIA: La Paz: near Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve, upper trail in primary forest, 16°21'15S 67°30'20W, 2000 m, log site, cloudy AM or late afternoon, on undersides of leaves of undetermined Cucurbitaceae (01–Bol-01) or supporting understory plant Solanaceae sp. (01–Bol-03), 1–3 Apr 2001, A. L. Norrbom. Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 1♂ (ANCB USNMENT00055936) 1♂ (CDFA USNMENT00055927) 1♂ (TAUI USNMENT00055929) 3♂ 3♀ (USNM USNMENT00055928, USNMENT00055931, USNMENT00055933, USNMENT00055935, USNMENT00055939–40). BOLIVIA: La Paz: 8 km S of Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve, 16°35.6'S 68°51.2'W [sic; correct coordinates 16°22'S 67°30.4'W], 2050 m, 10 Mar 2001, A. Freidberg, 1♀ (TAUI USNMENT00055054).   
 Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective referring to the relatively small size of the posteromedial hyaline area in cell dm.   
 Biology. The digestive tract of a dissected female (USNMENT00055054) was green, indicating that adults of this species rasp leaves or some other nonfloral part of its host plant.
description: Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L. & Condon, Marty, 2010, Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2374, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 2374 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2374.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5315903