CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES (SEZ) AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MAHARASHTRA STATE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KONKAN AND MARATHWADA REGION [2006-2013]
Creators: name: Dhoke, Satish
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Special Economic Zones, Rural Development, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Government Policy, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Rural Development, SEZs and Socio-Economic Development in Selected Regions.,Data Collection and Analysis.

description: The present study tries to examine the critical analysis of Special Economic Zone (SEZs) and Rural Development in Maharashtra State with special reference to Konkan and Marathwada Regions. The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and socio- economic development in the selected regions in Konkan and Marathwada for overall social, cultural, political, economic, and regional development, infrastructure development, technological development, overall development of stakeholders in project affected areas in Konkan and Marathwada regions in the state of Maharashtra and their socio-economic development through implementation of SEZs. The main objective of the Socio-economic development of selected regions is to prepare demographic and growth profiles of all the villages under the focused areas; to assess socio-economic characteristics of the people; to assess the nature of existing resources and means of livelihood; to examine possible impact of the project on local population due to their displacement, loss of land , and other means of livelihood etc.; and an last but not the least, to evolve preliminary suggestion and guidelines for an effective R&amp;R of the ‘project affected persons (PASs). The Government of India introduced a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Policy. The aim of the SEZ policy is to promote export oriented industrial and economic development. Through SEZs it is expected that it should act as engines of high economic growth. But policymakers forget other side of the story and the tragic story is that the common people in the affected areas are being alienated from land on which their traditional habitats have been located and on which their traditional livelihoods depends. It is often not realized and recognized that while land ownership in rural areas is limited to a few families the fact is that the lives of several more families depend upon that same land although they may not own it. The study focuses on the SEZs and Socio-Economic development in selected regions of Maharashtra within the framework of rural development and address social justice to the marginalized sections of the society. This study is an account of the people's struggle for their livelihood rights especially land, water, and forest and employment rights. It also describes the opposition of the affected people to the concept of Special Economic Zone, which is, from the point of view of general public anti-poor, anti- labour, antifarmers, and anti-people in general, and various issues. Hence, the situation has challenged the establishment of SEZs in Maharashtra and across the country.In recent years, the debate over government land acquisition for industrial projects and development through Special Economic Zones (SEZ) has grown increasingly controversial. Throughout India, people have been resisting the forceful land acquisition for development projects and related issues of displacement, loss of livelihood, employment insecurity, disrespect for local self-governance, and exclusion of marginalized communities. Opposition to SEZs by affected communities has primarily taken two forms: whilst some have used violent methods to express resistance and others have employed non-violent tactics of political activism to express their needs. The development of SEZs and change in land use will have a catalytic and transformative impact on socio-economic, political, and cultural life of people /farmers the regions as a whole. The land use pattern will undergo a dramatic changes affecting peoples in the above mention aspect. Therefore, it becomes a prerequisite to gauge the possible impact on the socio-economic status of the inhabitant of the area. It will help to address the issue of rehabilitation and resettlement (R &amp; R) systematically. Moreover, it will equip the development agent with pre-request skill, information and knowledge required for the rehabilitation of the projected affect persons (PAPs), and development aspects of SEZs project.. Statement of the Problem The “Critical Analysis of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and Rural Development in Maharashtra State” With Special Reference to Konkan and Marathwada Region”, aim’s study the socio-Economic aspects of Marathwada and Konkan region. The study is mainly focused on the various types of SEZs that are developed in the said regions. This study highlights on the problems during the development of SEZ and land acquisition process, compensation process. It gives suitable suggestions to improve the performance. The researcher studied Sustainable Operation of Special Economic Zones in Maharashtra: Critical analysis of Study of Marathwada and Konkan regions. In 2005, the Government of India (GoI) introduced the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Act, which changed the way India attracted foreign investors who wanted to utilize the country‘s natural and human capital. Significance of the Study The State has adopted the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Policy with effect from 10th February, 2006. Up to November 2009, in all 225 SEZ proposals were received in the State, of which the Central Government (108 formal and 36 in-principle approvals) approved 144 and 58 proposals were notified. Out of 144 approved SEZs, 59 are information technology/information technology enabled services, 57 are single-product, 16 are multi-product and 12 are multi services. The area wise proposals approved, land requirement, investments therein and likely employment generation through these SEZs. The SEZ units highlights on the Maharashtra particularly in no. of units i.e. Konkan- 69, Western Maharashtra-50, Marathwada-15, Vidarbha-10, overall total no of units at present are 144. With the above information for total Area acquired (Hec.) 45,392 and proposed total investment &amp; employment (lack) show the area wise Investment Rs. (crore) 1, 89,148. A total Employment of SEZs units in Maharashtra is 65.25 and in Marathwada region is 1.53 (lack). Objectives of the Study (1) To study the Special economic zones (SEZs) and its impact on Socio-economic Development of Rural peoples in Konkan and Marathwada region. (2) To know the policy of Govt. behind the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and its effective implementation. (3) To analyse the Performance of Special economic zones (SEZ) in general and Konkan and Marathwada region in particular. (4) To study the SEZs and Its impact on rural development. i.e. employment, entrepreneurship, Social, Economic, and overall industrial development. (5) To know the Problems and prospects of Special economic zones (SEZs) and its impact on Konkan and Marathwada region Industrial area. The Government of India passed Special Economic Zone Policy Act in the year 2005. As proposed, the Act is aimed at promoting export oriented industrial economic development in India. As of now, 1064 SEZs have received approval for setting up industrial zones across the country to carry out the objectives laid out in the Act. These SEZs are, on the one side, meant for promoting economic growth, and on the other hand, they have attracted pervasive discontent amongst farmers, workers and common people. Due to enactment of SEZs policy, many of the affected people in and around SEZ area have to relocate their homes, loose land assets and thus lead a completely disturbed life. Indeed, the SEZ Policy has raised subsidiary fundamental questions confronted by general public. Hence it is need of the hour to address the socio-economic impact on the general public in Marathwada and Konkan regions. The present study deals with the data analysis and interpretation of responses collected during the field survey based on the scheduled questionnaire. The data acquired primarily focusses on livelihood patterns of affected people who lost their land assets and employment resources. This study uncovers the impact of the SEZ Act in Marathwada and Konkan Region of Maharashtra. The analysis and interpretation is based on field survey undertaken in SEZs units in study area. For the purpose, over 200 respondents, 100 from each of the regions, including male and female workers, farmers, landowners, were selected who are directly and indirectly affected in SEZ units operational in the regions. It has been observed that majority of the farmers and general public in Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Ratnagiri of Konkan region and Nanded, Latur, and Aurangabad in Marathwada region staged protest against SEZ projects in the respective regions. The present study deals with important aspects of Special Economic Zone (SEZs) and Rural Development. The government of India (GoI) introduced a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Policy. The aim of the Policy is to promote export oriented industrial and economic development for the proponents of rapid development of India. SEZs are considered as engines of high economic growth. Agriculture and allied activities are largest sectors in Indian economy and employing about 60 % of the total population. It contributes about 25 % GDP and provides forward and backward linkage to industry and service sectors. The main objectives of SEZs policy is to create employment opportunities for introducing better facility, to improve lifestyle of rural area and develop industrial corridor of manufacturers and service sector, provide sustainable rural development in agriculture most particularly to farmers, poor people and landless people, to get employment opportunities, to increase income sources directly and indirectly. Overall attitude towards the SEZs project is to develop import-export services thereby attract foreign investors. The government provide such types of infrastructural facility for Special Economic Zone (SEZs) projects in order to start manufacturing units, to develop industrial sector and increase foreign direct investment for sustainable economic development to the backward region and rural area and thereby provide better facility through road, transportation, water, electricity, communication facility, health facility, education, and generation of employment opportunities.
description: Ph.D Thesis in Commerce