cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A non-asymptotic approach for model selection via penalization in high-dimensional mixture of experts models
Creators: name: Nguyen, TrungTin
name: Nguyen, Hien Duy
name: Chamroukhi, Faicel
name: Forbes, Florence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62E17 (Primary) 62H30, 62H12 (Secondary)

description: Mixture of experts (MoE) are a popular class of statistical and machine learning models that have gained attention over the years due to their flexibility and efficiency. In this work, we consider Gaussian-gated localized MoE (GLoME) and block-diagonal covariance localized MoE (BLoME) regression models to present nonlinear relationships in heterogeneous data with potential hidden graph-structured interactions between high-dimensional predictors. These models pose difficult statistical estimation and model selection questions, both from a computational and theoretical perspective. This paper is devoted to the study of the problem of model selection among a collection of GLoME or BLoME models characterized by the number of mixture components, the complexity of Gaussian mean experts, and the hidden block-diagonal structures of the covariance matrices, in a penalized maximum likelihood estimation framework. In particular, we establish non-asymptotic risk bounds that take the form of weak oracle inequalities, provided that lower bounds for the penalties hold. The good empirical behavior of our models is then demonstrated on synthetic and real datasets.
description: To appear, Electronic Journal of Statistics, 2022
title: Методы анализа данных
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены вопросы использования Python для анализа и визуализации данных, приведены математические основы анализа данных, а также их сбора и обработки. Описаны модели, методы и алгоритмы работы с данными. Отдельная глава посвящена кластеризации и прикладным задачам. Кроме того, в издании имеются задания для самостоятельной работы, примеры их решения, описания лабораторных работ и указания к их выполнению. К учебному пособию прилагается библиотека реализованных и используемых в тексте методов и функций. Книга освещает вопросы применения ряда сквозных технологий, приведенных в Национальной программе «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации», таких как технологии хранения и анализа больших данных, технологии машинного обучения. Подготовлено с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначено для студентов 2–3 курсов, обучающихся по направлениям бакалавриата и специалитета укрупненных групп «Инфоматика и вычислительная техника», «Информационная безопасность», изучающих дисциплины «Методы анализа данных и машинного обучения», «Методы анализа данных», «Машинное обучение», «Анализ данных и машинное обучение», «Интеллектуальный анализ данных», «Интеллектуальный анализ данных и методы машинного обучения» и другие аналогичные курсы.
Topological Orders in (4+1)-Dimensions
Creators: name: Johnson-Freyd, Theo
name: Yu, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the Morita equivalences of (4+1)-dimensional topological orders. We show that any (4+1)-dimensional super (fermionic) topological order admits a gapped boundary condition -- in other words, all (4+1)-dimensional super topological orders are Morita trivial. As a result, there are no inherently gapless super (3+1)-dimensional theories. On the other hand, we show that there are infinitely many algebraically Morita-inequivalent bosonic (4+1)-dimensional topological orders.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Modulation of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway by gammaherpesviruses
Creators: name: Stopford, Charles
name: Zhang, Zhigang
name: Jacobs, Sarah R.
name: Glaunsinger, Britt A.
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Ma, Zhe
name: Barber, Glen N.
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: West, John A.
name: Davis, Zoe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a DNA virus that is linked to several human malignancies. The cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is able to detect KSHV during primary infection and regulates the reactivation of KSHV from latency. We screened KSHV proteins for their ability to inhibit this pathway and block IFN-β activation. One KSHV protein, vIRF1, inhibited this pathway by preventing STING from interacting with TBK1 and inhibiting STING’s phosphorylation and concomitant activation. Moreover, depletion of vIRF1 in the context of KSHV infection prevented efficient viral reactivation and replication, and increased the host IFN response to KSHV. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the modulation of this pathway is important for viral transmission and the lifelong persistence of gammaherpesviruses in the human population.
Zeus: Efficiently Localizing Actions in Videos using Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Chunduri, Pramod
name: Bang, Jaeho
name: Lu, Yao
name: Arulraj, Joy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection and localization of actions in videos is an important problem in practice. State-of-the-art video analytics systems are unable to efficiently and effectively answer such action queries because actions often involve a complex interaction between objects and are spread across a sequence of frames; detecting and localizing them requires computationally expensive deep neural networks. It is also important to consider the entire sequence of frames to answer the query effectively. In this paper, we present ZEUS, a video analytics system tailored for answering action queries. We present a novel technique for efficiently answering these queries using deep reinforcement learning. ZEUS trains a reinforcement learning agent that learns to adaptively modify the input video segments that are subsequently sent to an action classification network. The agent alters the input segments along three dimensions - sampling rate, segment length, and resolution. To meet the user-specified accuracy target, ZEUS's query optimizer trains the agent based on an accuracy-aware, aggregate reward function. Evaluation on three diverse video datasets shows that ZEUS outperforms state-of-the-art frame- and window-based filtering techniques by up to 22.1x and 4.7x, respectively. It also consistently meets the user-specified accuracy target across all queries.
The census of complex organic molecules in the solar type protostar IRAS16293-2422
Creators: name: Jaber, Ali A.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Kahane, C.
name: Caux, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) are considered crucial molecules, since they are connected with organic chemistry, at the basis of the terrestrial life. More pragmatically, they are molecules in principle difficult to synthetize in the harsh interstellar environments and, therefore, a crucial test for astrochemical models. Current models assume that several COMs are synthesised on the lukewarm grain surfaces ($\gtrsim$30-40 K), and released in the gas phase at dust temperatures $\gtrsim$100 K. However, recent detections of COMs in $\lesssim$20 K gas demonstrate that we still need important pieces to complete the puzzle of the COMs formation. We present here a complete census of the oxygen and nitrogen bearing COMs, previously detected in different ISM regions, towards the solar type protostar IRAS16293-2422. The census was obtained from the millimeter-submillimeter unbiased spectral survey TIMASSS. Six COMs, out of the 29 searched for, were detected: methyl cyanide, ketene, acetaldehyde, formamide, dimethyl ether, and methyl formate. The multifrequency analysis of the last five COMs provides clear evidence that they are present in the cold ($\lesssim$30 K) envelope of IRAS16293-2422, with abundances 0.03-2 $\times 10^{-10}$. Our data do not allow to support the hypothesis that the COMs abundance increases with increasing dust temperature in the cold envelope, as expected if COMs were predominately formed on the lukewarm grain surfaces. Finally, when considering also other ISM sources, we find a strong correlation over five orders of magnitude, between the methyl formate and dimethyl ether and methyl formate and formamide abundances, which may point to a link between these two couples of species, in cold and warm gas.
Langzeitarchivierung von Daten und Online-Präsenzen aus Forschungsprojekten
Creators: name: Mocken, Susanne
name: Leendertse, Jan
name: von Suchodoletz, Dirk
Publisher: name: FreiData
Year: 2023

description: Dieses Paper adressiert Aspekte des Forschungsdatenmanagements (FDM) in Drittmittelprojekten an der Universität Freiburg.
MutL traps MutS at a DNA mismatch
Creators: name: Wilkins, Hunter
name: Weninger, Keith R.
name: Modrich, Paul
name: Qiu, Ruoyi
name: Zhang, Xingdong
name: Sakato, Miho
name: Erie, Dorothy A.
name: Hingorani, Manju M.
name: Sacho, Elizabeth J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: DNA mismatch repair is the process by which errors generated during DNA replication are corrected. Mutations in the proteins that initiate mismatch repair, MutS and MutL, are associated with greater than 80% of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and many sporadic cancers. The assembly of MutS and MutL at a mismatch is an essential step for initiating repair; however, the nature of these interactions is poorly understood. Here, we have discovered that MutL fundamentally changes the properties of mismatch-bound MutS by preventing it from sliding away from the mismatch, which it normally does when isolated. This finding suggests a mechanism for localizing the activity of repair proteins near the mismatch.
N-linked glycosylation of protease-activated receptor-1 at extracellular loop 2 regulates G-protein signaling bias
Creators: name: Chen, Buxin
name: Cordova, Isabel Canto
name: Trejo, JoAnn
name: Kenakin, Terry
name: Vaidehi, Nagarajan
name: Bhattacharya, Supriyo
name: Smith, Thomas H.
name: Soto, Antonio G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of mammalian signaling receptors and mediate vast physiological responses. The capacity to modulate GPCR signaling therapeutically is important for treatment of various diseases, and discovering new aspects of receptor signaling is critical for drug development. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is GPCR for thrombin. Similar to other GPCRs, PAR1 is promiscuous and couples to multiple heterotrimeric G-protein subtypes in the same cell. How a single GPCR can couple to multiple G-protein subtypes concurrently has remained an enigma. We demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of PAR1 regulates G-protein coupling specificity and differentially controls cellular responses. Thus, the status of GPCR glycosylation is a critical determinant for specifying coupling to distinct G-protein subtypes.
Exact solutions of three dimensional black holes: Einstein gravity vs F(R) gravity
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Panah, B. Eslam
name: Saffari, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider Einstein gravity in the presence of a class of nonlinear electrodynamics, called power Maxwell invariant (PMI). We take into account $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetime in Einstein-PMI gravity and obtain its black hole solutions. Then, we regard pure $F(R)$ gravity as well as $F(R)$-conformally invariant Maxwell theory to obtain exact solutions of the field equations with black hole interpretation. Finally, we investigate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities and discuss about the first law of thermodynamics for the mentioned gravitational models.
description: 13 pages, 4 eps figures
Supplementary materials for: Brain networks involved in sensory perception in Parkinson's Disease: a scoping review
Creators: name: Permezel, Fiona
name: Alty, Jane
name: Harding, Ian
name: Thyagarajan, Dominic
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary materials for: Brain networks involved in sensory perception in Parkinson’s Disease: a scoping review.

 

File contains Appendices A and B.

 

Contents:

A. Supplementary Methods information. 

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Systematic Search Strategy

B. Extracted Data

 Sample Characteristics

 Data extracted from the search strategy for the brain areas active during sensory activation in healthy and Parkinsonian models.

Data extracted from the search strategy for the brain areas active during the mixed proprioceptive and tactile SEP response in  healthy and Parkinsonian models.

Somatopic organisation of nuclei in the basal ganglia.

Studies demonstrating sensorimotor integration.

Studies demonstrating increased noise / decreased specificity at the basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease
Test of Time Dilation Using Stored Li+ Ions as Clocks at Relativistic Speed
Creators: name: Botermann, Benjamin
name: Bing, Dennis
name: Geppert, Christopher
name: Gwinner, Gerald
name: Hänsch, Theodor W.
name: Huber, Gerhard
name: Karpuk, Sergei
name: Krieger, Andreas
name: Kühl, Thomas
name: Nörtershäuser, Wilfried
name: Novotny, Christian
name: Reinhardt, Sascha
name: Sánchez, Rodolfo
name: Schwalm, Dirk
name: Stöhlker, Thomas
name: Wolf, Andreas
name: Saathoff, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the concluding result from an Ives-Stilwell-type time dilation experiment using 7Li+ ions confined at a velocity of beta = v/c = 0.338 in the storage ring ESR at Darmstadt. A Lambda-type three-level system within the hyperfine structure of the 7Li+ triplet S1-P2 line is driven by two laser beams aligned parallel and antiparallel relative to the ion beam. The lasers' Doppler shifted frequencies required for resonance are measured with an accuracy of < 4 ppb using optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy. This allows us to verify the Special Relativity relation between the time dilation factor gamma and the velocity beta to within 2.3 ppb at this velocity. The result, which is singled out by a high boost velocity beta, is also interpreted within Lorentz Invariance violating test theories.
Religiöse Erziehung von Mädchen und Jungen
Creators: name: Cahill, Lisa
name: Jeanrond, Werner G.
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 4 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 4
A new direct discontinuous Galerkin method with interface correction for two-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Danis, Mustafa E.
name: Yan, Jue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60, 76N20

description: We propose a new formula for the nonlinear viscous numerical flux and extend the direct discontinuous Galerkin method with interface correction (DDGIC) of Liu and Yan (H. Liu, J. Yan, The direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) method for diffusion with interface corrections, Communications in Computational Physics 8 (3) (2010) 541) to compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The new DDGIC framework is based on the observation that the nonlinear diffusion can be represented as a sum of multiple individual diffusion processes corresponding to each conserved variable. A set of direction vectors corresponding to each individual diffusion process is defined and approximated by the average value of the numerical solution at the cell interfaces. The new framework only requires the computation of conserved variables' gradient, which is linear and approximated by the original direct DG numerical flux formula. The proposed method greatly simplifies the implementation, and thus, can be easily extended to general equations and turbulence models. Numerical experiments with $P_1$, $P_2$, $P_3$ and $P_4$ polynomial approximations are performed to verify the optimal $(k+1)^{th}$ high-order accuracy of the method. The new DDGIC method is shown to be able to accurately calculate physical quantities such as lift, drag, and friction coefficients as well as separation angle and Strouhal number.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Limit on the pion distribution amplitude
Creators: name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Natale, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pion distribution amplitude (DA) can be related to the fundamental QCD Green's functions as a function of the quark self-energy and the quark-pion vertex, which in turn are associated with the pion wave function through the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Considering the extreme hard asymptotic behavior in momentum space allowed for a pseudoscalar wave function, which is limited by its normalization condition, we compute the pion DA and its second moment. From the resulting amplitude, representing the field theoretical upper limit on the DA behavior, we calculate the photon-pion transition form factor $F_{πγγ^{\ast}}(Q^{2})$. The resulting upper limit on the pion transition form factor is compared with existing data published by CLEO, BaBar and Belle collaborations.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; version to appear in J. Phys. G
Regularity for quasilinear vectorial elliptic systems through an iterative scheme with numerical applications
Creators: name: Koch, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J57, 65N30

description: We consider an iterative procedure to solve quasilinear elliptic systems with $p$-growth. The scheme was first considered by Koshelev in the quadratic case $p=2$. We present numerical applications as well as applications to higher regularity properties.
description: Improved presentation and examples
Ground-State Phases of Anisotropic Mixed Diamond Chains with Spins 1 and 1/2
Creators: name: Hida, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state phases of anisotropic mixed diamond chains with spins 1 and 1/2 are investigated. Both single-site and exchange anisotropies are considered. We find the phases consisting of an array of uncorrelated spin-1 clusters separated by singlet dimers. Except in the simplest case where the cluster consists of a single $S=1$ spin, this type of ground state breaks the translational symmetry spontaneously. Although the mechanism leading to this type of ground state is the same as that in the isotropic case, it is nonmagnetic or paramagnetic depending on the competition between two types of anisotropy. We also find the Néel, period-doubled Néel, Haldane, and large-$D$ phases, where the ground state is a single spin cluster of infinite size equivalent to the spin-1 Heisenberg chain with alternating anisotropies. The ground-state phase diagrams are determined for typical sets of parameters by numerical analysis. In various limiting cases, the ground-state phase diagrams are determined analytically. The low-temperature behaviors of magnetic susceptibility and entropy are investigated to distinguish each phase by observable quantities. The relationship of the present model with the anisotropic rung-alternating ladder with spin-1/2 is also discussed.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Evolution of Online User Behavior During a Social Upheaval
Creators: name: Varol, Onur
name: Ferrara, Emilio
name: Ogan, Christine L.
name: Menczer, Filippo
name: Flammini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social media represent powerful tools of mass communication and information diffusion. They played a pivotal role during recent social uprisings and political mobilizations across the world. Here we present a study of the Gezi Park movement in Turkey through the lens of Twitter. We analyze over 2.3 million tweets produced during the 25 days of protest occurred between May and June 2013. We first characterize the spatio-temporal nature of the conversation about the Gezi Park demonstrations, showing that similarity in trends of discussion mirrors geographic cues. We then describe the characteristics of the users involved in this conversation and what roles they played. We study how roles and individual influence evolved during the period of the upheaval. This analysis reveals that the conversation becomes more democratic as events unfold, with a redistribution of influence over time in the user population. We conclude by observing how the online and offline worlds are tightly intertwined, showing that exogenous events, such as political speeches or police actions, affect social media conversations and trigger changes in individual behavior.
description: Best Paper Award at ACM Web Science 2014
Supplementary materials for: Brain networks involved in sensory perception in Parkinson's Disease: a scoping review
Creators: name: Permezel, Fiona
name: Alty, Jane
name: Harding, Ian
name: Thyagarajan, Dominic
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary materials for: Brain networks involved in sensory perception in Parkinson’s Disease: a scoping review. File contains Appendices A and B. Contents: A. Supplementary Methods information. Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Systematic Search Strategy B. Extracted Data Sample Characteristics Data extracted from the search strategy for the brain areas active during sensory activation in healthy and Parkinsonian models. Data extracted from the search strategy for the brain areas active during the mixed proprioceptive and tactile SEP response in healthy and Parkinsonian models. Somatopic organisation of nuclei in the basal ganglia. Studies demonstrating sensorimotor integration. Studies demonstrating increased noise / decreased specificity at the basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease
Electrodynamics and rational thermodynamics
Creators: name: Müller, Ingo
name: Müller, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: electrodynamics
subject: rational thermodynamics
subject: 4-tensor
subject: Lorentz frames
subject: thermodynamics

description: The electromagnetic fields (D, H) represent contravariant components of an antisymmetric 4‐tensor, while the fields (E, B) represent covariant components of the same 4‐tensor. Both sets are identical in Lorentz frames. The governing equations for them represent equations of balance for the flux of D and the flux B across open surfaces and they are invariant under arbitrary analytic transformation of space and time. This convenient property has motivated mechanicians to reformulate mechanics and thermodynamics in terms of the symmetric 4‐tensor of energy‐momentum so as to exhibit, perhaps, the same invariance as electromagnetism: general relativity. The interpretation of electromagnetism in terms of fields carries the theory a long way. But it breaks down when absorption and emission of radiation by bodies is concerned. In this case the proper view is that of a photon gas. Also the elegant union of electromagnetism and thermodynamics meets practical difficulties for bodies with internal structure, like electric and magnetic dipoles or for mixtures of charged constituents. The description of such bodies is limited to velocities much smaller than that of light. Still in those bodies the entropy inequality implies severe and interesting restrictions on the dependence of material properties on the electromagnetic fields. It will be evaluated by using the Lagrange multiplier method. In the early days of electromagnetism there was much confusion among physicists and engineers about the different formulation of the fields and about proper dimensions and units. This dilemma is also briefly explained in the article.
Higgsed Stueckelberg Vector and Higgs Quadratic Divergence
Creators: name: Demir, Durmus Ali
name: Karahan, Canan Nurhan
name: Korutlu, Beste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we show that, a hidden vector field whose gauge invariance is ensured by a Stueckelberg scalar and whose mass is spontaneously generated by the Standard Model Higgs field contributes to quadratic divergences in the Higgs boson mass squared, and even leads to its cancellation at one-loop when Higgs coupling to gauge field is fine-tuned. In contrast to mechanisms based on hidden scalars where a complete cancellation cannot be achieved, stabilization here is complete in that the hidden vector and the accompanying Stueckelberg scalar are both free from quadratic divergences at one-loop. This stability, deriving from hidden exact gauge invariance, can have important implications for modelling dark phenomena like dark matter, dark energy, dark photon and neutrino masses. The hidden fields can be produced at the LHC.
description: 5pp, 1 fig. Improved exposition, rectified concurrency to broken and unbroken electroweak vacua, added references
NLRP12 provides a critical checkpoint for osteoclast differentiation
Creators: name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Novack, Deborah V.
name: Wilson, Justin E.
name: Zeng, Rong
name: Hickman-Brecks, Cynthia L.
name: Krauss, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Members of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family are generally thought of as initiators of inflammation and are important in a number of inflammatory diseases. However, recent evidence has started to emerge that several NLRs can serve as checkpoint proteins against specific inflammatory pathways. Although checkpoint proteins are well accepted for their importance in adaptive immunity, their roles in innate immunity are still nascent. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a tumor necrosis factor family cytokine responsible for basal and most forms of pathologic osteoclastogenesis, sends important differentiation signals through the alternative nuclear factor kappa B pathway. This report shows that an NLR member, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 12, provides a brake on the activity of RANKL even in noninflammatory settings, extending the role for this type of NLR beyond inflammation-related disease.
Entanglement between two gravitating universes
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Kar, Arjun
name: Ugajin, Tomonori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two disjoint universes in an entangled pure state. When only one universe contains gravity, the path integral for the $n^{\text{th}}$ Rényi entropy includes a wormhole between the $n$ copies of the gravitating universe, leading to a standard "island formula" for entanglement entropy consistent with unitarity of quantum information. When both universes contain gravity, gravitational corrections to this configuration lead to a violation of unitarity. However, the path integral is now dominated by a novel wormhole with $2n$ boundaries connecting replica copies of both universes. The analytic continuation of this contribution involves a quotient by $\mathbb{Z}_n$ replica symmetry, giving a cylinder connecting the two universes. When entanglement is large, this configuration has an effective description as a "swap wormhole", a geometry in which the boundaries of the two universes are glued together by a "swaperator". This description allows precise computation of a generalized entropy-like formula for entanglement entropy. The quantum extremal surface computing the entropy lives on the Lorentzian continuation of the cylinder/swap wormhole, which has a connected Cauchy slice stretching between the universes -- a realization of the ER=EPR idea. The new wormhole restores unitarity of quantum information.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures
PAsCAL D3.1 User-centered recommendations
Creators: name: Kacperski, Celina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pascal H2020 project
CAV user-centered recommendations
CAV adoption
CAV survey

description: Focussing on the consequences of large-scale CAV adoption, D3.1 combines results from PAsCAL Tasks 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 and presents the outcomes of the first survey conducted in WP3, embedded in the context of existing literature. The aim is to provide user-centered recommendations based on survey results and literature on CAV adoption consequences. Results of the survey replicate and extend previous findings, both by employing a stratified sample across multiple countries (Germany, France, Italy and UK) and providing results from the subpopulations (car-sharing users, professional drivers, people with visual impairments, and road co- users). We investigated which anticipated consequences are the most importantly rated by participants, and which tend to be seen favorably or unfavorably by respondents. Our results provide instructive information on how to design CAV systems. While positive consequences were expected in the context of road safety, stress reduction, enjoyment and life quality, negative consequences were expected in the areas of privacy and driving fun. Environmental issues could be somewhat ambiguous, mostly due to the necessary distinction between CAV usage as private cars vs in public transport context of busses. Participation in social life turned out to rank at a relatively high importance for respondents across the board, though expectations for improvement due to CAV adoption were neutral. While country differences were less pronounced, some differing expectations were uncovered in the subpopulations: An increase in cost was particularly worrisome for respondents with visual impairments, while the potential for social life and economic participation ranked particularly high in importance for them. Car-sharing users were sensitive to privacy consequences and the potential positive impact of CAVs on safety. Comfort improvements were more prominently featured in responses from professional drivers. Especially with regards to busses, respondents expected improvements for scenery and traffic congestion. These aspects are discussed in the context of existing literature and policy recommendations.
description: This publication is produced in the PAsCAL project which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 815098
NMR structure and dynamics of the agonist dynorphin peptide bound to the human kappa opioid receptor
Creators: name: Stevens, Raymond C.
name: O’Connor, Casey
name: White, Kate L.
name: Milon, Alain
name: Wüthrich, Kurt
name: Czaplicki, Georges
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Doncescu, Nathalie
name: Didenko, Tatiana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The human kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is implicated in addiction, pain, reward, mood, cognition, and perception. Activation of KOR by the neuropeptide dynorphin is critical in mediating analgesia and tolerance. Our solution NMR study of dynorphin (1–13) provided quantitative data on a KOR-bound conformation. Analysis of the peptide structure and dynamics revealed a central helical turn bounded on both sides by flexibly disordered peptide segments. Future drug development will benefit from knowledge of the dynorphin structure bound to its human receptor.
Lozenge tilings and the Gaussian free field on a cylinder
Creators: name: Ahn, Andrew
name: Russkikh, Marianna
name: Van Peski, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the periodic Schur process, introduced in arXiv:math/0601019v1, to study the random height function of lozenge tilings (equivalently, dimers) on an infinite cylinder distributed under two variants of the $q^{\operatorname{vol}}$ measure. Under the first variant, corresponding to random cylindric partitions, the height function converges to a deterministic limit shape and fluctuations around it are given by the Gaussian free field in the conformal structure predicted by the Kenyon-Okounkov conjecture. Under the second variant, corresponding to an unrestricted dimer model on the cylinder, the fluctuations are given by the same Gaussian free field with an additional discrete Gaussian shift component. Fluctuations of the latter type have been previously conjectured for dimer models on planar domains with holes.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures. Journal version, to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Organization and dynamics of the nonhomologous end-joining machinery during DNA double-strand break repair
Creators: name: Oksuz, Betul Akgol
name: Rothenberg, Eli
name: Chang, Howard H.
name: Lieber, Michael R.
name: Fenyo, David
name: Watanabe, Go
name: Ramsden, Dale A.
name: Leo-Macias, Alejandra
name: Strande, Natasha T.
name: Keegan, Sarah
name: Reid, Dylan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the main pathway for repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most cytotoxic form of DNA damage resulting from ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutics, and normal cellular processes. The mechanisms that control NHEJ play key roles in development, in immunity, and in response to cancer therapy; however, the current state of knowledge regarding the physical nature of the NHEJ repair process is limited. Here we used super-resolution microscopy to define the organization of NHEJ complexes in cells, showing that long filaments form at either side of the break. Single-molecule FRET revealed dynamic behavior in which breaks can pair in an adjacent, non–end-to-end configuration.
Geometrical Foundations of Cartan Gauge Gravity
Creators: name: Catren, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the theory of Cartan connections to analyze the geometrical structures underpinning the gauge-theoretical descriptions of the gravitational interaction. According to the theory of Cartan connections, the spin connection $ω$ and the soldering form $θ$ that define the fundamental variables of the Palatini formulation of general relativity can be understood as different components of a single field, namely a Cartan connection $A=ω+θ$. In order to stress both the similarities and the differences between the notions of Ehresmann connection and Cartan connection, we explain in detail how a Cartan geometry $(P_{H}\rightarrow M, A)$ can be obtained from a $G$-principal bundle $P_{G}\rightarrow M$ endowed with an Ehresmann connection (being the Lorentz group $H$ a subgroup of $G$) by means of a bundle reduction mechanism. We claim that this reduction must be understood as a partial gauge fixing of the local gauge symmetries of $P_{G}$, i.e. as a gauge fixing that leaves "unbroken" the local Lorentz invariance. We then argue that the "broken" part of the symmetry--that is the internal local translational invariance--is implicitly preserved by the invariance under the external diffeomorphisms of $M$.
description: 24 pages
Identifying signatures of photothermal current in a double-gated semiconducting nanotube
Creators: name: Buchs, Gilles
name: Bagiante, Salvatore
name: Steele, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The remarkable electrical and optical properties or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) allowed for engineering device prototypes showing great potential for applications such as photodectors and solar cells. However, any path towards industrial maturity requires a detailed understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the process of photocurrent generation. Here, we present scanning photocurrent microscopy measurements on a double-gated suspended semiconducting SWNT and show that both photovoltaic and photothermal mechanisms are relevant for the interpretation of the photocurrent. We find that the dominant or non-dominant character of one or the other processes depends on the doping profile, and that the magnitude of each contribution is strongly influenced by the series resistance from the band alignment with the metal contacts. These results provide new insight into the interpretation of features in scanning photocurrent microscopy and lay the foundation for the understanding of optoelectronic devices made from SWNTs.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Adaptation of Dynamic Data‐Driven Models for Real‐Time Applications: From Simulated to Real Batch Distillation Trajectories by Transfer Learning
Creators: name: Rihm, Gerardo Brand
name: Schueler, Merlin
name: Nentwich, Corina
name: Esche, Erik
name: Repke, Jens-Uwe
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: batch distillation
subject: data-driven modeling
subject: model adaption
subject: reliability of models

description: In the absence of knowledge about challenging dynamic phenomena involved in batch distillation processes, e.g., complex flow regimes or appearing and vanishing phases, generation of accurate mechanistic models is limited. Real plant data containing this missing information is scarce, also limiting the use of data-driven models. To exploit the information contained in measurement data and a related but inaccurate first-principles model, transfer learning from simulated to real plant data is analyzed. For the use case of a batch distillation column, the adapted model provides more accurate predictions than a data-driven model trained exclusively on scarce real plant data or simulated data. Its enhanced convergence and lower computational cost make it suitable for optimization in real-time.
Deep sub-threshold $Ξ$ and $Λ$ production in nuclear collisions with the UrQMD transport model
Creators: name: Graef, G.
name: Steinheimer, J.
name: Li, Feng
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on deep sub threshold hyperon production in nuclear collisions, with the UrQMD transport model. Introducing anti-kaon+baryon and hyperon+hyperon strangeness exchange reactions we obtain a good description of experimental data on single strange hadron production in Ar+KCl reactions at $E_{lab}=1.76$ A GeV. We find that the hyperon strangeness exchange is the dominant process contributing to the $Ξ^-$ yield, however remains short of explaining the $Ξ^-/Λ$ ratio measured with the HADES experiment. We also discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy with previous studies and the experimental results, finding that many details of the transport simulation may have significant effects on the final $Ξ^-$ yield.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary Materials – Bringing Objects to Life: Supporting Program Comprehension through Animated 2.5D Object Maps from Program Trace
Creators: name: Anonymous University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary Materials – Bringing Objects to Life: Supporting Program Comprehension through Animated 2.5D Object Maps from Program Trace
This archive contains supplementary materials for the paper "Bringing Objects to Life: Supporting Program Comprehension through Animated 2.5D Object Maps from Program Trace" by anonymous authors.
Overview:

supplementary-materials.pdf: Evaluation artifacts for the performance evaluation and the experience report of the OurVisualizationTool prototype.
OurVisualizationTool: Sources of the OurVisualizationTool prototype (backend and frontend) [will be provided after review]
build: Executable build artifacts of the OurVisualizationTool prototype (backend and frontend) [will be provided after review]
screencasts: Screencasts of the OurVisualizationTool prototype.
Plexin D1 determines body fat distribution by regulating the type V collagen microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue
Creators: name: Dahlman, Ingrid
name: Epstein, Jonathan A.
name: Arner, Peter
name: Rawls, John F.
name: Harvey, Christopher J.
name: Minchin, James E. N.
name: Mejhert, Niklas
name: Singh, Manvendra K.
name: Torres-Vázquez, Jesús
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: PLEXIN D1 (PLXND1) has been implicated in body fat distribution and type 2 diabetes by genome-wide association studies, but the mechanism is unknown. We show here that Plxnd1 regulates body fat distribution in zebrafish by controlling the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) growth mechanism. Plxnd1 deficiency in zebrafish resulted in induction of a hyperplastic state and reduced lipid deposition in VAT. Regulation of VAT was dependent on the induction of the type V collagen, col5a1, suggesting that Plxnd1 controls body fat distribution by determining the status of VAT extracellular matrix. Plxnd1-deficient zebrafish were protected from high-fat-induced insulin resistance, and human PLXND1 mRNA was positively associated with type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that the role of Plxnd1 in body fat distribution and insulin signaling is conserved from zebrafish to humans.
Polymer-supported CuPd nanoalloy as a synergistic catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methane
Creators: name: Zhang, Sheng
name: Dares, Christopher J.
name: Kang, Peng
name: Meyer, Thomas J.
name: Bakir, Mohammed
name: Lapides, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Photo- and electrochemical CO2 reduction to carbon fuels is not only an attractive solution to the greenhouse effect, but could also become an integral part of a global energy storage strategy with renewable electrical energy sources used to store energy in the chemical bonds of carbon fuels. A novel electrodeposition strategy is reported here for the preparation of highly dispersed, ultrafine metal nanoparticles and nanoalloys on an electroactive polymeric film. It is shown that a bimetallic Cu–Pd nanoalloy exhibits a greater than twofold enhancement in Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to methane compared with a state-of-the-art nanoCu catalyst. The fabrication procedure for the alloy nanoparticles is straightforward and applicable as a general procedure for catalytic electrodes for integrated electrolysis devices.
Quinary structure modulates protein stability in cells
Creators: name: Pielak, Gary J.
name: Guzman-Cisneros, Emilio
name: Monteith, William B.
name: Smith, Austin E.
name: Cohen, Rachel D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Globular proteins perform many of the chemical reactions required for life. The prevailing model of globular protein structure, which is based on studies in dilute solutions, emphasizes the requirement for a well-packed hydrophobic interior, but minimizes the importance of the exterior, provided it is hydrophilic. We demonstrate that the exterior plays a significant role when a globular protein is studied under physiologically relevant conditions. By changing a surface residue we show that attractive interactions between the protein surface and the cytosol modulate the stability of the protein, even though the change has a negligible effect in dilute solution. Recognizing and quantifying such intracellular interactions will aid in understanding and manipulating the biological role of proteins.
The Space of Integrable Systems from Generalised $T\bar{T}$-Deformations
Creators: name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Durnin, Joseph
name: Yoshimura, Takato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an extension of the generalised $T\bar{T}$-deformation described by Smirnov-Zamolodchikov, to include the complete set of extensive charges. We show that this gives deformations of S-matrices beyond CDD factors, generating arbitrary functional dependence on momenta. We further derive from basic principles of statistical mechanics the flow equations for the free energy and all free energy fluxes. From this follows, without invoking the microscopic Bethe ansatz or other methods from integrability, that the thermodynamics of the deformed models are described by the integral equations of the thermodynamic Bethe-Ansatz, and that the exact average currents take the form expected from generalised hydrodynamics, both in the classical and quantum realms.
description: v1:6+10 pages. v2: 23 pages, references added. v3: 23 pages, minor corrections. v4: minor clarifications. v5: 29 pages, rearrangement of sections and appendices made, clarifications on quasi-local charges and the properties of the S-matrix of deformed theories added
Non-integer surgery and branched double covers of alternating knots
Creators: name: McCoy, Duncan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that if the branched double cover of an alternating link arises as $p/q \in \mathbb{Q} \setminus \mathbb{Z}$ surgery on a knot in $S^3$, then this is exhibited by a rational tangle replacement in an alternating diagram.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures