cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficiently Finding Higher-Order Mutants
Creators: name: Wong, Chu Pan
name: Meinicke, Jens
name: Kastner, Christian
name: Chen, Leo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Higher-order mutation has the potential for improving major drawbacks of traditional first-order mutation, such as by simulating more realistic faults or improving test optimization techniques. Despite interest in studying promising higher-order mutants, such mutants are difficult to find due to the exponential search space of mutation combinations. State-of-the-art approaches rely on genetic search, which is often incomplete and expensive due to its stochastic nature. First, we propose a novel way of finding a complete set of higher-order mutants by using variational execution, a technique that can, in many cases, explore large search spaces completely and often efficiently. Second, we use the identified complete set of higher-order mutants to study their characteristics. Finally, we use the identified characteristics to design and evaluate a new search strategy, independent of variational execution, that is highly effective at finding higher-order mutants even in large codebases.
In this repository, we share our implementation and experiment setup as executable jars for reproducing the reported data in our paper:
* SSHOM-Finder.zip is the main artifact for reproducing our results. It contains two jars and a README that documents how to use the jars. * Results.zip contains the raw data we used at the time of writing our paper. These results were obtained by running SSHOM-Finder.zip. We share them here for easy reference. * VariationalExecution.zip contains jars for running variational execution to generate BDDs. The jars in SSHOM-Finder.zip already contain and use pre-computed BDDs, so this step is optional.
Source code is available on Github: https://github.com/poosomooso/SSHOM-Search
On G-Drazin inverses of Finite Potent Endomorphisms and Arbitrary Square Matrices
Creators: name: Romo, Fernando Pablos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A09, 15A03, 15A04

description: The aim of this work is to extend to finite potent endomorphisms the notion of G-Drazin inverse of a finite square matrix. Accordingly, we determine the structure and the properties of a G-Drazin inverse of a finite potent endomorphism and, as an application, we offer an algorithm to compute the explicit expression of all G-Drazin inverses of a finite square matrix.
description: 17 pages
Statistical study of magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves
Creators: name: Liu, Terry Z.
name: Hietala, Heli
name: Angelopoulos, Vassilis
name: Omelchenko, Yuri
name: Vainio, Rami
name: Plaschke, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a magnetosheath jet (localized dynamic pressure enhancements) compresses ambient magnetosheath at a (relative) speed faster than the local magnetosonic speed, a bow wave or shock can form ahead of the jet. Such bow waves or shocks were recently observed to accelerate particles, thus contributing to magnetosheath heating and particle acceleration in the extended environment of Earth bow shock. To further understand the characteristics of jet-driven bow waves, we perform a statistical study to examine which solar wind conditions favor their formation and whether it is common for them to accelerate particles. We identified 364 out of 2859 (13%) magnetosheath jets to have a bow wave or shock ahead of them with Mach number typically larger than 1.1. We show that large solar wind plasma beta, weak interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength, large solar wind Alfven Mach number, and strong solar wind dynamic pressure present favorable conditions for their formation. We also show that magnetosheath jets with bow waves or shocks are more frequently associated with higher maximum ion and electron energies than those without them, confirming that it is common for these structures to accelerate particles. In particular, magnetosheath jets with bow waves have electron energy flux enhanced on average by a factor of 2 compared to both those without bow waves and the ambient magnetosheath. Our study implies that magnetosheath jets can contribute to shock acceleration of particles especially for high Mach number shocks. Therefore, shock models should be generalized to include magnetosheath jets and concomitant particle acceleration.
description: Under review by JGR space physics
Industry-Specific Income Taxes
Creators: name: Myles, Gareth D.
name: Myles, Gareth D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Financial Economics
Industrial Organization

description: From 1966 until 1973 the U.K. government levied the Selective Employment Tax which took the form of a weekly tax upon employees in service industries. By moving beyond competitive, constant returns models, the paper reconsiders the case for such industry-specific employment taxes. It is shown that the taxes are not justified by decreasing returns to scale even when profit taxation is non-optimal. In contrast, when imperfect competition is considered industry-specific income taxes become an integral part of an optimal tax system. Optimal tax rules are derived for an imperfectly competitive economy and the determinants of relative tax rates are investigated.
VOLUNTARY PUBLIC GOODS
Creators: name: Fraser, Clive D.
name: Fraser, Clive D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Public Economics

description: A voluntary public good is a non-rivalrously-consumed commodity which, nonetheless, individuals can only consume if they make some enabling expenditure. E.g., with visual broadcasting a television is required and, in much of Europe, a licence. First, we characterise the population of voluntary consumers at arbitrary levels of the licence fee. Next, we consider the optimal licence fee chosen by a utilitarian government which recognises it does not have a captive population of public good consumers. We compare this outcome with that arising when the public good is financed from general taxation via a uniform poll tax and thus everyone consumes it.
On the oxygen abundance of HE0107-5240
Creators: name: Bessell, M. S.
name: Christlieb, N.
name: Gustafsson, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined the oxygen abundance of HE0107-5240 from UV-OH lines detected in VLT/UVES spectra. Using a plane-parallel LTE model atmosphere, we derive [O/Fe] = +2.4, and a similar analysis of CD -38 245 yields [O/Fe] = +1.0. We estimate systematic errors due to 3D effects to be in the order of 0.3 to 0.4 dex. That is, our derived O abundances are likely overestimates: effects from thermal inhomogeneities due to convection may require that the abundances should be reduced by 0.3-0.4 dex or even more. Radial velocity data for HE0107-5240 based on high-resolution spectra show that over a time span of 373 days the radial velocity was constant at 44.5 km/s, with a 1 sigma scatter of the measurements of 0.5 km/s. However, it can not yet be ruled out that HE0107-5240 is a very long period and/or low amplitude binary. These results provide new constraints on scenarios for the origin of the abundance pattern of HE0107-5240. In particular, it seems unlikely that the large overabundances of CNO have been produced in a medium-mass AGB star which later evolved to a white dwarf. The oxygen abundance of HE0107-5240 is significantly smaller than the prediction of Umeda & Nomoto (2003) from calculated yields of a ~25 solar mass Population III star exploding as a supernova of low explosion energy (E_exp = 3 x 10^50 erg) with mixing and fallback. The scenario of Limongi et al. (2003), involving two Population III supernovae, predicts an oxygen abundance of [O/Fe] = +4.1 for HE0107-5240, in strong contradiction with the observed value. In conclusion, none of the above mentioned scenarios, in their present realizations, can satisfactorly explain the abundance pattern of HE0107-5240.
description: Submitted to ApJ Letters
Efficient Hamiltonian programming in qubit arrays with nearest-neighbour couplings
Creators: name: Tsunoda, Takahiro
name: Bhole, Gaurav
name: Jones, Stephen A.
name: Jones, Jonathan A.
name: Leek, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of selectively controlling couplings in a practical quantum processor with always-on interactions that are diagonal in the computational basis, using sequences of local NOT gates. This methodology is well-known in NMR implementations, but previous approaches do not scale efficiently for the general fully-connected Hamiltonian, where the complexity of finding time-optimal solutions makes them only practical up to a few tens of qubits. Given the rapid growth in the number of qubits in cutting-edge quantum processors, it is of interest to investigate the applicability of this control scheme to much larger scale systems with realistic restrictions on connectivity. Here we present an efficient scheme to find near time-optimal solutions that can be applied to engineered qubit arrays with local connectivity for any number of qubits, indicating the potential for practical quantum computing in such systems.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Shortened and clarified from previous version
Monetary targets, exchange rate targets and after: a stochastic "hard-landing" for sterling?
Creators: name: Miller, Marcus
name: Sutherland, Alan
name: Miller, Marcus
name: Sutherland, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper describes three distinct phases of UK exchange rate policy in the 1980's (monetary targeting with free floating of the early 80's, exchange rate targeting of the mid 80's and the current "pragmatic" approach) and indicates the likely reasons for the switches in policy. The demise of monetarism has been generally attributed to the instability of the velocity of money; and we argue that it was the strength of domestic demand (especially by consumers) which was to a large extent responsible for the ending of the experiment in shadowing the DM. We note that the policy stance pursued subsequently by Mr Lawson as Chancellor involved driving interest rates far above those in West Germany while keeping sterling reasonably steady against the DM. To reconcile this with free currency arbitrage, we argue that UK interest rates contained a risk premium reflecting the market belief that, come the end of the consumer boom, the Government will allow sterling to fall as a means of achieving current account adjustment.
title: Communicating Haskell processes
Creators: name: Brown, Neil Christopher Charles
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Concurrent programming supports multiple threads of concurrent execution. It is a suitable paradigm for interaction with the outside world, where many inputs (e.g. network packets, key-presses, mouse-clicks) may arrive at any time and need to be dealt with at the same time. Concurrent execution also potentially allows for parallel speed-up; multicore machines are now the standard for new PCs, but the quest to take full advantage of the available parallelism continues. One approach to concurrent programming is process-oriented programming, which uses message-passing and is based on Hoare and Roscoe's Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). CSP is a process calculus centred on concurrent processes that communicate with each other via synchronous channels. This is used as a formal underpinning for process-oriented programming, either directly (proving behaviours of programs with a CSP model checker) or indirectly (providing sound design principles and patterns). Process-oriented programming has previously been provided in programming languages such as occam-π and libraries for other mainstream languages such as Java and C++. However, as yet process-oriented programming has failed to gain much traction via these implementations; occam-π is rooted in the much older language occam and thus lacks powerful data structures (among other features) which are standard in most modern languages - while languages such as Java and C++, where data is mutable and easily shared, can be an awkward fit to process-oriented programming. Haskell is a functional programming language that is notable for its purity, type-classes, monads and lazy evaluation: modern features that provide interesting and powerful ways to program, including good support for imperative programming. Like other functional languages, it eliminates mutable data - which immediately removes a whole class of problems in concurrent programming. This thesis contends that CSP and process-oriented programming fit well with Haskell. The thesis details the creation of a CSP library for Haskell (Communicating Haskell Processes: CHP) - which features powerful support for process composition - and its further augmentation with capabilities such as support for a new concurrency primitive (conjunction), tracing and the ability to generate formal models of CHP programs. This allows programmers to build concurrent message-passing systems with a strong formal underpinning in a modern programming language, with more features and less complications than process-oriented libraries for other languages.
S-Duality, Deconstruction and Confinement for a Marginal Deformation of N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Dorey, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an exactly marginal deformation of N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills with gauge group U(N) using field theory and string theory methods. The classical theory has a Higgs branch for rational values of the deformation parameter. We argue that the quantum theory also has an S-dual confining branch which cannot be seen classically. The low-energy effective theory on these branches is a six-dimensional non-commutative gauge theory with sixteen supercharges. Confinement of magnetic and electric charges, on the Higgs and confining branches respectively, occurs due to the formation of BPS-saturated strings in the low energy theory. The results also suggest a new way of deconstructing Little String Theory as a large-N limit of a confining gauge theory in four dimensions.
description: LaTeX file, 59 pages, no figures. Minor improvements, references added
Drivers of innovation in Romanian NGOs - Adriana Popescu MBA MSM Thesis.pdf
Creators: name: Popescu, Adriana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour
subject: Education

description: Purpose: The research objective is to discover which are the factors that influence innovation in Romanian NGOs.Findings: The qualitative phase of the research resulted in a series of factors that drive innovation in Romanian NGOs, grouped in 4 main areas: employees’ profile, managerial relations, leadership and culture. Findings of the quantitative phase reveal the perception of Romanian organisations towards their innovation capacity and how the NGOs evaluate themselves in relation with these factors at the moment of the study.Practical implications: Findings can guide NGOs in discovering organisational elements that can drive innovation and can provide a starting point for developing innovation capabilities at organisational level.Originality/value: There is a lack of research related to NGO innovation in Romania and even at European level. This research can provide a starting point for research in the field, as well as for developing a framework for innovation capability.
title: Ex Vivo Gene Therapy Approaches for the Treatment of Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
Creators: name: Visigalli, Ilaria
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) due to the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme Galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The enzymatic deficiency results in intracellular storage of undegraded metabolites in the nervous system, leading to progressive dysmyelination. We are testing the feasibility and efficacy of a gene therapy strategy based on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and lentiviral vectors (LV) in the murine model of GLD. Differently from what observed with other lysosomal enzymes, GALC gene transfer and expression in HSPC causes apoptosis and functional impairment of the transduced cells due to an inbalance of the intracellular content in bioactive sphingolipids consequent to de novo enzyme expression. Differentiated cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages are not affected by GALC expression, suggesting a unique sensitivity of HSPC to enzyme toxicity.

To overcome this issue, we explored strategies aimed at de-targeting vector expression from HSPC, while permitting GALC over-expression in differentiated cells. The first approach aims at a transcriptional regulation of GALC expression by the microglia/macrophage specific promoter CD11b. The second strategy exploits endogenous microRNAs for post-transcriptional regulation of GALC expression. The use of LV containing the target sequence of miRNA126, expressed only in HSPC, allows expressing GALC only in the differentiated progeny of transduced HSPC. Although these two approaches proved to be very promising in protecting HSPC from enzyme toxicity both in vitro and in vivo in heterozygous GLD mice, gene-corrected HSPC failed to repopulate lethally irradiated homozygous GLD mice. This poor result might be explained by the existence of a niche defect in homozygous GLD mice, which might hamper the engraftment of HSPC.
Electron acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves
Creators: name: Liu, Terry Z.
name: Hietala, Heli
name: Angelopoulos, Vassilis
name: Vainio, Rami
name: Omelchenko, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetosheath jets are localized fast flows with enhanced dynamic pressure. When they supermagnetosonically compress the ambient magnetosheath plasma, a bow wave or shock can form ahead of them. Such a bow wave was recently observed to accelerate ions and possibly electrons. The ion acceleration process was previously analyzed, but the electron acceleration process remains largely unexplored. Here we use multi-point observations by Time History of Events and Macroscale during Substorms from three events to determine whether and how magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves can accelerate electrons. We show that when suprathermal electrons in the ambient magnetosheath convect towards a bow wave, some electrons are shock-drift accelerated and reflected towards the ambient magnetosheath and others continue moving downstream of the bow wave resulting in bi-directional motion. Our study indicates that magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves can result in additional energization of suprathermal electrons in the magnetosheath. It implies that magnetosheath jets can increase the efficiency of electron acceleration at planetary bow shocks or other similar astrophysical environments.
description: Under review by JGR space physics
Exchange Rate Bands with Price Inertia
Creators: name: Miller, Marcus
name: Weller, Paul
name: Miller, Marcus
name: Weller, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: We formulate a stochastic rational-expectations model of exchange rate determination in which there are random shocks to the process of sluggish price adjustment. We examine the effects of imposing limits upon the range of variation of both nominal and real exchange rates, and describe the intervention policies needed to defend the bands in each case. We consider the possibility that commitment to defend a particular nominal band may be less than fully credible, and analyze the implications of operating certain rules for realignment. We contrast our results with those which arise in the Krugman model of a nominal band.
Ceriantheopsis Carlgren 1912
Creators: name: Stampar, Sérgio N.
name: Mills, V. Sadie
name: Keable, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Ceriantharia
Cerianthidae
Ceriantheopsis

description: Genus Ceriantheopsis Carlgren, 1912
 Type species. Ceriantheopsis americana (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) by subsequent designation (Carlgren, 1912, p. 24).
 Diagnosis. Cerianthids with alternating sterile and fertile mesenteries. Second protomesenteries fertile, reaching aboral pole. Metamesenteries arranged in mBMb. Length of all but M-metamesenteries diminishes toward multiplication chamber. Length of M-metamesenteries of first 2–4 quartets can increase toward the multiplication chamber. M3 and further mesenteries can diminish in length towards multiplication chamber (Carlgren, 1912).
 Distribution. Previously restricted to the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, US Coast and South Africa Coast), expanded in this study to the South Pacific with the description of a new species.
description: Published as part of Stampar, Sérgio N., Mills, V. Sadie & Keable, Stephen J., 2020, Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) from Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica with Descriptions of Four New Species, pp. 81-100 in Records of the Australian Museum 72 (3) on page 88, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1762, http://zenodo.org/record/4654407
OWNERSHIP, COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: THE IMPACT OF LIBERALISATION AND PRIVATISATION UPON BRITISH TELECOM
Creators: name: Foreman-Peck, James
name: Foreman-Peck, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Production Economics

description: Widespread public concern greeted the performance of British Telecom after liberalisation and privatisation, respectively under Acts of 1981 and 1984. This paper presents two methods of examining whether this dissatisfaction is warranted by comparison with what might have been expected from the earlier industry organisation. Both a total factor productivity approach and a small econometric model show that the regime change made little difference to efficiency growth
Asymptotic Flatness in Rainbow Gravity
Creators: name: Hackett, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A construction of conformal infinity in null and spatial directions is constructed for the Rainbow-flat space-time corresponding to doubly special relativity. From this construction a definition of asymptotic DSRness is put forward which is compatible with the correspondence principle of Rainbow gravity. Furthermore a result equating asymptotically flat space-times with asymptotically DSR spacetimes is presented.
description: 11 pages
An Investigation into Sustainable Alternatives for Building Components for the new SUB
Creators: name: Leung, Kenny
name: Gordon, Chun
name: Liu, Yeh Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
N-body simulations of stars escaping from the Orion nebula
Creators: name: Gualandris, Alessia
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Eggleton, Peter P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical interaction in which the two single runaway stars AE Aurigae and mu Columbae and the binary iota Orionis acquired their unusually high space velocity. The two single runaways move in almost opposite directions with a velocity greater than 100 km/s away from the Trapezium cluster. The star iota Ori is an eccentric (e=0.8) binary moving with a velocity of about 10 km/s at almost right angles with respect to the two single stars. The kinematic properties of the system suggest that a strong dynamical encounter occurred in the Trapezium cluster about 2.5 Myr ago. Curiously enough, the two binary components have similar spectral type but very different masses, indicating that their ages must be quite different. This observation leads to the hypothesis that an exchange interaction occurred in which an older star was swapped into the original iota Orionis binary. We test this hypothesis by a combination of numerical and theoretical techniques, using N-body simulations to constrain the dynamical encounter, binary evolution calculations to constrain the high orbital eccentricity of iota Orionis and stellar evolution calculations to constrain the age discrepancy of the two binary components. We find that an encounter between two low eccentricity (0.4
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Revival dynamics in a traversable wormhole
Creators: name: Plugge, Stephan
name: Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
name: Franz, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum effects can stabilize wormhole solutions in general relativity, allowing information and matter to be transported between two connected spacetimes. Here we study the revival dynamics of signals sent between two weakly coupled quantum chaotic systems, represented as identical Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, that realize holographically a traversable wormhole in anti-de Sitter spacetime AdS$_2$ for large number $N$ of particles. In this limit we find clear signatures of wormhole behavior: an excitation created in one system is quickly scrambled under its unitary dynamics, and is reassembled in the other system after a characteristic time consistent with holography predictions. This leads to revival oscillations that at low but finite temperature decay as a power-law in time. For small $N$ we also observe revivals and show that they arise from a different, non-gravitational mechanism.
description: 6+6 pages, 4+3 figures. Comments welcome. Note also an interesting parallel study by X.-L. Qi and P. Zhang that appeared in a parallel posting. v2: updated Fig. 1 and discussion, updated discussion of finite temperature effects, revised supplementary material
COMPUTER AND DYNAMO: The Modern Productivity Paradox in a Not-Too Distant Mirror
Creators: name: David, Paul A.
name: David, Paul A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: productivity slowdown
subject: diffusion of innovations
subject: economics of technology
subject: information technology
subject: electric power industry

description: Many observers of contemporary economic trends have been perplexed by the contemporary conjuncture of rapid technological innovation with disappointingly slow gains in measured productivity. The purpose of this essay is to show modern economists, and others who share their puzzlement in this matter, the direct relevance to their concerns of historical studies that trace the evolution of techno-economic regimes formed around "general purpose engines". For this purpose an explicit parallel is drawn between two such engines -- the computer and the dynamo. Although the analogy between information technology and electrical technology would have many limitations were it to be interpreted very literally, it nevertheless proves illuminating. Each of the principal empirical phenomena that go to make up modern perceptions of a "productivity paradox", had a striking historical precedent in the conditions that obtained a little less than a century ago in the industrialized West. In 1900 contemporaries might well have said that the electric dynamos were to be seen "everywhere but in the economic statistics". Exploring the reasons for that state of affairs, and the features of commonality between computer and dynamo -- particularly in the dynamics of their diffusion and their incremental improvement, and the problems of capturing their initial effects with conventional productivity measures - provides some clues to help understand our current situation. The paper stresses the importance of keeping an appropriately long time-frame in mind when discussing the connections between the information revolution and productivity growth, as well as appreciating the contingent, path-dependent nature of the process of transition between one techno-economic regime and the next.
Oswaldella Stechow 1919
Creators: name: Peña Cantero, A. L.
name: Vervoort, W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Kirchenpaueriidae
Oswaldella

description: Oswaldella sp. 2
(figure 18)
 Material examined. 000AZ, one stem ca 47 mm high, almost without hydrocladia (USNM 1003390); 000DW, six stem fragments up to 100 mm long (USNM 1003391; RMNH-Coel. 30236).
 Description. Stems unbranched and apparently monosiphonic. Stem provided with apophyses alternately arranged in one plane, forming two longitudinal series. Cauline apophyses directed upwards, forming an angle of ca 45 ° with longitudinal axis of stem and provided with two axillary nematophores (figure 18B), each one emerging from a simple perisarc hole. Stem divided into internodes, each with one apophysis supporting hydrocladia that are usually bifurcated and have two secondary hydrocladia (figure 18A); third-order hydrocladia are also present. Hydrocladial arrangement symmetrical (figure 18A). A distinct node separating cauline apophyses and hydrocladia (figure 18A, B).
Hydrocladia homomerously divided into hydrothecate internodes with one hydrotheca and two nematophores (figure 18 C–G): one mesial superior emerging from a perisarc hole behind free adcauline hydrothecal wall, and one mesial inferior nematophore provided with a scale-shaped nematotheca, emerging from a perisarc hole in a slight elevation of internode. Top of distal hydrocladial internodes truncated.
Hydrotheca elongate, placed on distal half of internode (figure 18 C–G). Hydrothecal aperture slightly tilted adcaudally, rim circular and even. Adcauline wall with a distinct free portion; abcauline wall almost straight, angle with long axis of internode very acute.
Gonothecae absent.
 Remarks. Oswaldella sp. 2 is allied to O. incognita (cf. table 1), sharing the division of the stem into internodes, the presence of two axillary nematophores on the cauline apophyses and the general shape of the hydrothecae. There are, nevertheless, distinct differences, such as the longer hydrocladial internodes and shorter hydrothecae in Oswaldella sp. 2. Also, in Oswaldella sp. 2 the hydrothecae are placed on the distal half of the internodes, whereas in O. incognita they occur approximately in the middle. Finally, in O. incognita only secondary hydrocladia have been reported whereas in Oswaldella sp. 2 third-order hydrocladia have also been observed. These differences, along with the absence of gonothecae in the present material, prevent us from properly evaluating the systematic position of Oswaldella sp. 2.
 Ecology and distribution. Oswaldella sp. 2 was found at depths from 18 to 146 m, north of Wilkes Station, at the Budd Coast (Wilkes Land).
description: Published as part of Peña Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W., 2004, Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species, pp. 805-861 in Journal of Natural History 38 on page 855
Retention of conceptual learning after an interactive introductory physics course
Creators: name: Wilcox, Bethany R.
name: Pollock, Steven J.
name: Bolton, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cyclic format of the undergraduate physics curriculum depends on students' ability to recall and utilize material covered in prior courses in order to reliably build on that knowledge in later courses. However, there is evidence to suggest that people often do not retain all, or even most, of what they learned previously. How much information is retained appears to be dependent both on the individuals' approach to learning as well as the style of instruction. In particular, there is evidence to suggest that active engagement techniques in the classroom can improve students' retention of the material over time. Here, we report the findings of a longitudinal investigation of students' retention of conceptual understanding as measured by the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) following a first-semester, calculus-based introductory physics course, which features significant active engagement in both lecture and recitation. By administering the FMCE at the end of a first-semester physics course and again at the beginning of the subsequent second-semester physics course, we examine students' knowledge retention over time periods ranging from 1-15 months. We find that the shift in students' FMCE scores between these two courses is positive but corresponds to a small effect size, indicating that students retained effectively all of their conceptual learning (as measured by the FMCE). This finding largely persists even as the length of the gap between the two courses increases. We also find that, when breaking out students' performance on individual questions, the majority of students maintain their score on individual questions. Averaged over all questions, roughly a fifth of the students switched their answers from right to wrong or wrong to right on any given item.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. PER
Charge and currents distribution in graphs
Creators: name: Texier, Christophe
name: Degiovanni, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider graphs made of one-dimensional wires connected at vertices, and on which may live a scalar potential. We are interested in a scattering situation where such a network is connected to infinite leads. We study the correlations of the charge in such graphs out of equilibrium, as well as the distribution of the currents in the wires, inside the graph. These quantities are related to the scattering matrix of the graph. We discuss the case where the graph is weakly connected to the wires.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX; added references
title: Understanding the Molecular Basis of HPV-16 Neoplastic Progression Using an Organotypic Raft Model
Creators: name: Isaacson, Erin
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types such as HPV-16 cause a spectrum of pre-cancerous neoplastic changes in epithelial sites including that of the cervix. HPV-induced cervical lesions that display low to moderate neoplastic changes are graded as low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL). HPV-induced lesions that display high levels of neoplasia are graded as high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL). The previous analyses of cervical lesions of LSIL and HSIL grades have shown that the timing of early and late viral gene expression changes, as the lesion becomes more neoplastic. In HSIL lesions, the HPV-16 E7 surrogate marker MCM-7 persists throughout the epithelium, which coincides with a delay in late gene expression including L1 capsid expression. HSIL lesions often do not support a complete virus life cycle. The work in this thesis has shown that the Normal Immortalized Human Keratinocyte (NIKS) organotypic raft culture system, which is commonly used to study the HPV-16 life cycle, surprisingly recapitulates the spectrum of gene expression patterns identified in both LSIL and HSIL lesions. In addition, this model also demonstrates pathological changes, which correlate with both LSIL and HSIL phenotypes. This has rendered this system a potential model of episomal HPV-16 induced neoplasia. This auspicious finding led us to make use of this system to explore viral characteristics that potentially underlie HSIL-like gene expression patterns and neoplastic changes. Monolayer LSIL-like and HSIL-like HPV-16 cell lines were subsequently used to evaluate viral copy number, early oncogene expression and growth potential. In these experiments we have found that episomal HSIL-like HPV-16 cell lines bypass density-dependent growth arrest, which coincides with a rise in E6 and E7 oncogene levels. Finally, we have found that high E6 and E7 expression levels and growth potential at cell-cell contact correlate with MCM-7 persistence in the HPV-16 raft epithelium.
LHC Signatures of Resonant CP Violation in a Minimal Supersymmetric Higgs Sector
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Lee, Jae Sik
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the general formalism for studying CP-violating phenomena in the production, mixing and decay of a coupled system of CP-violating neutral Higgs bosons at high-energy colliders. Considering the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) Higgs sector in which CP violation is radiatively induced by phases in the soft supersymmetry-breaking third-generation trilinear squark couplings and gaugino masses, we apply our formalism to neutral Higgs production via {\bar b}b, gg and W^+ W^- collisions at the LHC. We discuss CP asymmetries in the longitudinal and transverse polarizations of τ^+ τ^- pairs. The signatures of CP violation are more prominent in the production via gg and W^+ W^- than via {\bar b}b, and are resonantly enhanced when two (or all three) neutral Higgs bosons are nearly degenerate with mass differences comparable to their decay widths. Such scenarios occur naturally in the MSSM for values of \tanβ>~ 5 (30) and large (small) charged Higgs-boson masses. We analyze representative examples with large mixing between the three neutral Higgs bosons weighing about 120 GeV, that may exhibit observable CP asymmetries even as large as 80%.
description: 34 pages, LaTeX, 11 figures, minor rewordings
An Investigation into Styrofoam Recycling on Campus
Creators: name: Hung, Alex
name: Ip, Dora
name: Comstock, Nathan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Beyond Reynolds: A Constraint-Driven Approach to Cluster Flocking
Creators: name: Beaver, Logan E.
name: Malikopoulos, Andreas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present an original set of flocking rules using an ecologically-inspired paradigm for control of multi-robot systems. We translate these rules into a constraint-driven optimal control problem where the agents minimize energy consumption subject to safety and task constraints. We prove several properties about the feasible space of the optimal control problem and show that velocity consensus is an optimal solution. We also motivate the inclusion of slack variables in constraint-driven problems when the global state is only partially observable by each agent. Finally, we analyze the case where the communication topology is fixed and connected, and prove that our proposed flocking rules achieve velocity consensus.
description: 6 pages
Temporal and spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture in Argentina
Creators: name: Castesana, Paula S.
name: Vázquez-Amábile, Gabriel
name: Dawidowski, Laura H.
name: Gómez, Darío R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Agricultural activities constitute the main N2O emission source in Argentina. Although GHG inventories have been developed at the national and provincial level, emissions have not been thus far estimated at a higher spatial resolution. We estimated the time series 2000–2012 of N2O emissions at national, provincial and district levels. National N2O emissions in 2012 amounted to 105.1 Gg (95% CI: 73.0–200.7), with manure deposited on pasture accounting for 59.8%, crop residues 24.0%, N-fertilizers use 14.3%, manure management 1.7% and agricultural waste burning 0.2%. Beef cattle excreta followed by soybean crop residues were the major sources of N2O. The time series of N2O emission estimated at district level allowed identifying the effect of the frequent displacement of crops and livestock indicative of the variability of the intensity and location of the emission sources. The observed annual variability of emissions and the identification of the main drivers indicate the convenience of using surrogate methods to estimate emissions when activity data cannot be acquired on annual basis. This type of inventory would be of interest for decision makers and stakeholders when discussing environmental policies and measures in light of the responsibility of agricultural activities occurring in the territory of their concern.
Improved pulsed field magnetisation in MgB 2 trapped-field magnets
Creators: name: Moseley, D A
name: Matthews, G A B
name: Zhou, D
name: Cientanni, V
name: Tsui, Y
name: Ainslie, M D
name: Speller, S
name: Durrell, J H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
pulsed field magnetisation
flux jump
MgB2 bulk superconductor
trapped-field magnet

description: Funder: University of Cambridge; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000735
description: Abstract: Bulk superconductors can act as trapped-field magnets with the potential to be used for many applications such as portable medical magnet systems and rotating machines. Maximising the trapped field, particularly for practical magnetisation techniques such as pulsed field magnetisation (PFM), still remains a challenge. PFM is a dynamic process in which the magnetic field is driven into a superconducting bulk over milliseconds. This flux motion causes heating and a complex interplay between the magnetic and thermal properties. In this work, the local flux density during PFM in a MgB2 bulk superconductor has been studied. We find that improving the cooling architecture increases the flux trapping capabilities and alters the flux motion during PFM. These improvements lead to the largest trapped field (0.95 T) for a single MgB2 bulk sample magnetised by a solenoidal pulsed field magnet. The findings illustrate the fundamental role bulk cooling plays during PFM.
Training and Support for Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy.
Creators: name: Boughton, Charlotte
name: Hartnell, Sara
name: Allen, Janet M
name: Fuchs, Julia
name: Hovorka, Roman
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022

description: Hybrid closed-loop therapy is an emerging technology transforming the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research studies demonstrate glycemic and quality of life benefits of hybrid closed-loop therapy for people with T1D. Translating these outcomes into standard clinical practice is critical for reimbursement and improving access to this technology.High-quality training is essential for achieving optimal outcomes with hybrid closed-loop therapy. Basic diabetes skills and tasks are as important, or even more important, with closed-loop therapy than with standard insulin therapy and need to be reiterated. Establishing expectations of hybrid closed-loop therapy clearly at the outset promotes long-term usage and optimal outcomes.We share key aspects of training and support for users of commercially available hybrid closed-loop systems and consider who may benefit from this technology.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE RISK OF EXPROPRIATION
Creators: name: Thomas, Jonathan
name: Worrall, Tim
name: Thomas, Jonathan
name: Worrall, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Relations/Trade

description: When an investor, for example a transnational corporation invests abroad it runs the risk that its investment will be expropriated. The host country although it might have a short-term incentive to expropriate has a long-term incentive to foster good relations to attract more investment in the future. This conflict between short-term and long-term incentives determines the type of contracts agreed by transnational corporations and host countries. In a model of the manufacturing industry with a continuous flow of investment it is shown that investment is initially underprovided, increases over time, tending, for certain parameter values, to the efficient level.
A NORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL INCOME TAXES IN THE PRESENCE OF AGGREGATE RISK
Creators: name: Christiansen, Vidar
name: Christiansen, Vidar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Financial Economics
Productivity Analysis
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A simple portfolio model is used to examine the efficiency effects of capital income taxes when the economy faces aggregate risk. To achieve a first best optimum the use of state contingent lump-sum taxes is required. Through the tax policy the riskiness of total consumption is partly assigned to the private consumption and partly to the public consumption. State independent income taxes may generate a misallocation of risk and distort the allocation of resources between assets. The second best optimum, representing a trade-off between these inefficiencies, is characterized. Uniform taxation is shown to be optimal only in very special cases. Finally, the second best optimality rule for public consumption is extended to the case of uncertainty.