cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GEOHAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT PRACTICES OF PETROLEUM AND GAS PIPELINES USING MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
Creators: name: Bayramov, Emil
name: Buchroithner, Manfred
name: Kada, Martin
name: Aliyeva, Saida
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: PS-InSAR
SBAS-InSAR
remote sensing
geospatial
pipelines
oil and gas
radar
interferometry

description: These studies focused on the quantitative assessment of the surface displacement velocities and rates and their natural and man-made controlling factors as the potential risks along the seismically active 70 km section of buried oil and gas pipeline in Azerbaijan using Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS-InSAR) remote sensing analysis. The diverse spatial distribution and variation of ground movement processes along pipelines demonstrated that general geological and geotechnical understanding of the study area is not sufficient to find and mitigate all the critical sites of subsidence and uplifts for the pipeline operators. This means that both techniques outlined in this paper provide a significant improvement for ground deformation monitoring or can significantly contribute to the assessment of geohazards and preventative countermeasures along petroleum and gas pipelines.
Untersuchungen zur oxidativen Regeneration von Diesel-Partikelfiltern
Creators: name: Höhne, Gernot
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dieselsoot
subject: particlefilter
subject: regeneration
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: model soot
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: [no abstract]
title: COSMO Technical Report No. 21: A new fast-waves solver for the Runge-Kutta dynamical core
Creators: name: Baldauf, Michael
Publisher: name: COSMO Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
Year: 2013

description: The Technical Reports are intended mainly for internal use within the COSMO group (COSMO = Consortium for Small Scale Modeling), but also to inform other groups on model changes and research activities. The purpose of the Technical Reports is 1. to document scientific research activities, 2. to document technical changes to the model system, 3. to give an overview on new components of the model system.
title: COSMO Technical Report No. 22: The CONSENS Priority Project
Creators: name: Marsigli, C.
name: Diomede, T.
name: Montani, A.
name: Paccagnella, T.
name: Louka, P.
name: Gofa, F.
name: Corigliano, A.
Publisher: name: COSMO Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
Year: 2013

description: The Technical Reports are intended mainly for internal use within the COSMO group (COSMO = Consortium for Small Scale Modeling), but also to inform other groups on model changes and research activities. The purpose of the Technical Reports is 1. to document scientific research activities, 2. to document technical changes to the model system, 3. to give an overview on new components of the model system.
GLOBAL RISKS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC ORGANISMS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUARANTINE MONITORING SYSTEM USING COMPUTER MODELING
Creators: name: Vyachеslav Zviagintsev
name: Prokhоrоva, Anna
name: Surina, Tatiana
name: Belomesyeva, Daria
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: computer modeling
quarantine organism
Maxent

description: As a result of assessing the distribution of adventitious species of phytopathogens on the territory of Belarus, a trend of increasing the number of recorded invasions was identified. Every year, an average of 3-4 new pathogens of infectious diseases of woody plants are identified in forests and gardens, and over the past 25 years, at least 57 new types of phytopathogens have been recorded. Many of the newly identified species have already passed the stage of acclimatization, and some have a significant impact on the sanitary condition of forests and parks, causing significant damage. With the Maxent software package, using the example of the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora alni Brasier et S.A. Kirk, which is quarantined for the EAEU countries, a map of the current and future geographic distribution under various climate change scenarios was constructed. The models showed the suitability of the conditions of Belarus for the development of P. alni, which made it possible to conduct local forest pathological surveys and identify symptoms of alder late blight in various forest conditions of the country. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed the presence of a quarantine pathogen on the territory of Belarus. Forecasting the spread of the invader, on the one hand, shows a reduction in areas potentially suitable for the development of the species in Europe, and on the other hand, an increase in the likelihood of the invader moving to more northern areas. Considering the potentially high harmfulness of the species, immediate monitoring, analysis of phytosanitary risks and adoption of quarantine measures are already required.
Quantum spin Hall effect induced by electric field in silicene
Creators: name: An, Xing-Tao
name: Zhang, Yan-Yang
name: Liu, Jian-Jun
name: Li, Shu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport properties in a zigzag silicene nanoribbon in the presence of an external electric field. The staggered sublattice potential and two kinds of Rashba spin-orbit couplings can be induced by the external electric field due to the buckled structure of the silicene. A bulk gap is opened by the staggered potential and gapless edge states appear in the gap by tuning the two kinds of Rashba spin-orbit couplings properly. Furthermore, the gapless edge states are spin-filtered and are insensitive to the non-magnetic disorder. These results prove that the quantum spin Hall effect can be induced by an external electric field in silicene, which may have certain practical significance in applications for future spintronics device.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
title: Risk assessment of defined benefit pension schemes: an economic capital approach
Creators: name: Yang, Wei
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: In this thesis, we consider the amount of economic capital that defined benefit pension schemes potentially need to cover the risks they are running and to back long-term investment and longevity risks. As pension products offered by European insurance firms will come within the scope of Solvency 2, an insurance firm’s pensions customers will benefit from the protections offered by the Solvency 2 regime. However, members of occupational defined benefit pension schemes do not have such a rigorous capital requirement to protect them against the risks the pension schemes are running. We argue that a risk-based quantitative economic capital requirement could be adopted by occupational defined benefit pension schemes to bring the risk management of pension products on equal footing with insurance firms. In order to achieve this goal, we first use the Universities Superannuation Scheme as an example to show the risk level of an individual pension scheme using economic capital as a measure of risk. We also show the effect of different risk control actions which can be employed by the pension provider to control its risk exposure, again measured by economic capital. After quantifying the risk level associated with a defined benefit pension scheme, we extend our analysis to show the possibility of risk control by changing the design of the pension itself to a hybrid set-up. Following the risk assessment of an individual pension scheme, we analyse the risk levels of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) which is a central fund guaranteeing benefits of all eligible UK defined benefit pension schemes. By estimating the risk level on a group basis, we discuss how pension risks can be managed by using a central fund. We find that the economic capital requirement for an individual occupational defined benefit pension scheme is generally very large. Instead of requiring each individual scheme to hold an economic capital, it is perhaps more practical and efficient for the PPF itself to hold adequate assets to back its own economic capital. However we find that the capital requirement for the PPF is also large and de-risking is needed for the PPF as well. This thesis illustrates that the economic capital framework can be used as a risk management tool to improve our understanding of the risks embedded in defined benefit pension schemes.
HIGH-PRECISION GROUND-BASED PHOTOMETRIC MONITORING METHOD FOR VALIDATING SATELLITE MONITORING OF ASSOCIATED HYDROCARBON GAS BURNING
Creators: name: Aliyeva, Yegana
name: Kifayat Mammadova
name: Matanat Hasanguliyeva
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: photometer
atmosphere. aerosol
error
correction

description: The shortcomings of satellite monitoring of associated gas burning in the oil industry have been analyzed. The possibility of performing such monitoring using ground-based photometric devices is indicated. The possibility of compensating for errors of multi-wave solar photometers due to the influence of atmospheric aerosols has been studied. The conducted research allowed to identify redundancy in correction procedures in known three-wave solar photometers. Two new methods for constructing compensated photometers are proposed. In the proposed constructions, the correction procedure is limited to the calculation and installation of one correction factor.
title: COSMO Technical Report No. 23: The COSMO Priority Project 'Conservative Dynamical Core' Final Report
Creators: name: Baldauf, M.
name: Fuhrer, O.
name: Kurowski, M. J.
name: de Morsier, G.
name: Müllner, M.
name: Piotrowski, Z. P.
name: Rosa, B.
name: Vitagliano, P. L.
name: Wójcik, D.
name: Ziemianski, M.
Publisher: name: COSMO Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
Year: 2013

description: The Technical Reports are intended mainly for internal use within the COSMO group (COSMO = Consortium for Small Scale Modeling), but also to inform other groups on model changes and research activities. The purpose of the Technical Reports is 1. to document scientific research activities, 2. to document technical changes to the model system, 3. to give an overview on new components of the model system.
Funktionelle Auswirkungen der 77C→G Mutation im Exon A des CD45-Gens des Menschen
Creators: name: Hornig-Do, Hue-Tran
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: CD45
subject: CD45 isoforms
subject: CD45 polymorphism
subject: T cell activation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: [no abstract]
On Externalization of Virtual Sound Images Presented via Headphones
Creators: name: Li, Song
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Perceived externalization
subject: Head-related transfer function
subject: HRTF Measurement
subject: Wahrgenommene Externalisierung
subject: Kopfbezogene Übertragungsfunktion (HRTF)
subject: HRTF Messung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: With the growing market of mobile devices and Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR/AR/MR) applications, headphone-based Three-Dimensional (3D) audio is becoming increasingly important. Head-related Transfer Functions (HRTFs), which represent the acoustic filtering of incoming sounds by the listener’s morphology, are essential to create virtual sound images reproduced via headphones. Various measurement systems have been proposed to fast record personal HRTFs from different directions, but most of them require expensive hardware setups. In addition, these systems are usually limited to estimate directional HRTFs with a fixed source-listener distance. In this thesis, an MR-based mobile system is proposed for fast estimating distance- and direction-dependent HRTFs with only one loudspeaker. Perceived externalization, i.e., out of the head, is one of the most important features for building up immersive Virtual Acoustic Environments (VAEs). It is well known that reverberation and spectral information of direct sound components are two essential cues related to perceived externalization. This thesis further studies the relative impact of these two cues in contralateral versus ipsilateral ear signals on externalization of lateral sound images. Based on the outcomes of these studies, a series of experiments is designed to build a quantitative model to explain the interplay of important acoustic cues in externalization of lateral sound sources. Due to the challenge of measuring individual HRTFs for every listener, non-individual HRTFs are commonly applied in binaural rendering systems in combination with simple room models. However, the synthesized sound sources from frontal and rear directions are difficult to be perceived as well externalized. This thesis proposes an advanced binaural rendering system to enhance externalization of frontal and rear sound images based on the localization- and externalization-related auditory cues.
Centrifugal correction to hyperfine structure constants in the ground state of lead monofluoride, PbF
Creators: name: Petrov, A. N.
name: Skripnikov, L. V.
name: Titov, A. V.
name: Mawhorter, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity of the PbF molecule to the electron electric dipole moment has motivated detailed microwave spectroscopy. Previous theoretical approaches cannot fully explain the spectra. In turn, the explanation from "first principles" is very important both for molecular theory and for confirmation of the correctness of the interpretation of experimental data obtained with high precision. All of these issues are decisively addressed here. We have determined centrifugal correction parameters for hyperfine structure constants, both on lead and fluorine nuclei, of the $X^2Π_{1/2}$ state of lead monofluoride. These parameters were obtained by fitting experimentally observed pure rotational transitions and from {\it ab initio} calculations. We show that taking this correction into account is required to reproduce the experimental transition energies obtained in [Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011)].
Komponenten des gerichteten Proteintransports in Säugetierzellen
Creators: name: Heine, Martin
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Proteintransport
subject: Cytoskelett
subject: Endosomen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: [no abstract]
Tunable optoelectronic and ferroelectric properties in Sc-based III-nitrides
Creators: name: Zhang, Siyuan
name: Holec, David
name: Fu, Wai Y.
name: Humphreys, Colin J.
name: Moram, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sc-based III-nitride alloys were studied using Density Functional Theory with special quasi-random structures and were found to retain wide band gaps which stay direct up to x = 0.125 (ScxAl1-xN) and x = 0.375 (ScxGa1-xN). Epitaxial strain stabilization prevents spinodal decomposition up to x = 0.3 (ScxAl1-xN on GaN) and x = 0.24 (ScxGa1-xN on GaN), with critical thicknesses for strain relaxation ranging from 3 nm to near-infinity. The increase in Sc content introduces compressive in-plane stress with respect to AlN and GaN, and leads to composition- and stress-tunable band gaps and polarization, and ultimately introduces ferroelectric functionality in ScxGa1-xN at x = 0.625.
description: 7 figures, submitted
Molekulargenetische Charakterisierung von Resistenzgenanaloga im Rosengenom als Basis für die Resistenzzüchtung
Creators: name: Hattendorf, Anja
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rose
subject: resistance
subject: resistance gene analogs (RGAs)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: [no abstract]
Primula hirsuta L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: A. hirsuta L. Cat. 56. 2: Fully (Garns); Tassonnieres (idem); unter Neimiaz, nördlich Chamoson (Terretaz); Sensine (J.); St-Leonard (Terretaz); Lens (Beauverd); Varen (Binz). - 3: Pfynwald (J.); Oranges (Besse).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE DEPORTED BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE
Creators: name: Sapiyat Tsutsulaeva
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: deportation
new climate
adaptation
climate
landscape

description: During 1944, the deportation of Chechens to Kazakhstan and Asia was caused by several consequences. The deportation from Chechens to Russia and Asia had an impact on nature in new places of living. In the period of transition, Chechens were forced to abandon their native lands and move to unfamiliar areas, they faced new conditions in terms of climate, landscape, natural resources and possibilities for agriculture and animal husbandry. In addition, separation from the traditional way of life and natural resources affected health and psychological state. In the unfamiliar places, they found them in new and unfamiliar places with a different climate, vegetation and geographical features. When Chechens were forced to abandon the land and move into unfamiliar regions, they faced changes in climate conditions, natural resources and habitats. The situation was similar for people who left them from their homeland as well as for agriculture and livestock.
INTERNATIONAL MODELS OF RISK MANAGEMENT: FERMA, COSO AND ISO
Creators: name: Dzobelova, Valentina
name: Yablochnikov, Sergey
name: Makhiboroda, Maxim
name: Manukhina, Lyubov
name: Vedyashova, Anna
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: risk management
uncertainty
auditing
European model FERMA
American model COSO
International model ISO

description: This article discusses the most important risk management standards that play a very significant role in the activity of any enterprise, both at the micro- and macro level, in order to reduce negative factors that have an impact on the financial activities of the enterprise. During the analysis, we considered the main models of risk management known as FERMA, COSO and ISO, the origin of which is European, American and international, respectively. The scientific work reveals the essence of each risk management model, highlighting their features and characteristics.
Greenhouse Gas Balance of Sphagnum Farming on Highly Decomposed Peat at Former Peat Extraction Sites
Creators: name: Oestmann, Jan
name: Tiemeyer, Bärbel
name: Düvel, Dominik
name: Grobe, Amanda
name: Dettmann, Ullrich
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methane Emissions
subject: Hydraulic Conductivity
subject: Long-Term
subject: Co2
subject: Temperate
subject: Exchange
subject: Carbon
subject: Soils
subject: Water
subject: Peatlands
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: For two years, we quantified the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at two different large-scale Sphagnum farming sites. At both, peat extraction left a shallow layer of highly decomposed peat and low hydraulic conductivities. One site was characterized by preceding multi-annual inundation and irrigated by ditches, while the other one was inoculated directly after peat extraction and irrigated by ditches and drip irrigation. Further, GHG emissions from an irrigation polder and the effect of harvesting Sphagnum donor material at a near-natural reference site were determined. GHG mitigation potentials lag behind the results of less decomposed sites, although our results were also affected by the extraordinary hot and dry summer 2018. CO2 exchanges ranged between -0.6 and 2.2 t CO2-C ha−1 y−1 and were mainly influenced by low water table depths. CH4 emissions were low with the exception of plots with higher Eriophorum covers, while fluctuating water tables and poorly developing plant covers led to considerable N2O emissions at the ditch irrigation site. The removal of the upper vegetation at the near-natural site resulted in increased CH4 emissions and, on average, lowered CO2 emissions. Overall, best plant growth and lowest GHG emissions were measured at the previously inundated site. At the other site, drip irrigation provided more favourable conditions than ditch irrigation. The size of the area needed for water management (ditches, polders) strongly affected the areal GHG balances. We conclude that Sphagnum farming on highly decomposed peat is possible but requires elaborate water management. © 2021, The Author(s).
Einfluss glucosylierender Bakterientoxine auf die intrazelluläre Lokalisation und Stabilität ihrer Substrat-GTPasen
Creators: name: Hartmann, Birgit
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Clostridium difficile
subject: cytotoxin
subject: RhoB
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: [no abstract]
Methode zur zielorientierten Varianten-Findung bei der Entstehung mikrotechnischer Produkte
Creators: name: Neumeister, Claudia
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Finding of variants
subject: micro-technological products
subject: figure of merit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: [no abstract]
Role of current quark mass dependent multi-quark interactions in low lying meson mass spectra
Creators: name: Osipov, A. A.
name: Hiller, B.
name: Blin, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We call attention to a class of current-quark mass dependent multi-quark interaction terms which break explicitly the chiral $SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$ and $U_A(1)$ symmetries. They complete the set of effective quark interactions that contribute at the same order in $N_c$ as the 't Hooft flavor determinant interaction and the eight quark interactions in the phase of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. The $N_c$ classification scheme matches the counting rules based on arguments set by the scale of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. Together with the leading in $N_c$ four quark Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Lagrangian and current quark mass matrix, the model is apt to account for the correct empirical ordering and magnitude of the splitting of states in the low lying mass spectra of spin zero mesons. The new terms turn out to be essential for the ordering $m_K < m_η$ in the pseudoscalar sector and $m_{κ_0} < m_{a_0}\sim m_{f0}$ for the scalars.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, prepared for the proceedings of the workshop "Excited QCD 2013", 03-09 February 2013 in Bjelasnica Mountain, Sarajevo, Bosnia
INHALED NON-CARCINOGENIC RISKS BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY MODELS FROM DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION OF KRASNOYARSK
Creators: name: Kalimanova, Liubov
name: Taseiko, Olga
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: non-carcinogenic risk
evolutionary models
atmospheric air

description: The assessment methodology for epidemiological non-carcinogenic risks makes it possible to evaluate the potential consequences for human health of different variants of previous and predicted exposures to pollutants. The article considers the influence of pollution in the atmospheric air of Krasnoyarsk on the formation of mortality risks from diseases of the digestive system.
INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLES EMISSIONS WHEN USING VARIOUS ELECTRODES FOR UNDERWATER WELDING
Creators: name: Kirichenko, Konstantin
name: Chernousov, Vladimir
name: Pogodaev, Anton
name: Gridasov, Alexander
name: Kalinin, Yuri
name: Vakhniuk, Igor
name: Kholodov, Alexey
name: Parshin, Sergei
name: Golokhvast, Kirill
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: underwater welding
nanoand microparticles
emissions
ecology

description: The article is devoted to the study of the mass and quantitative concentration of suspended particles during underwater welding for sea water from the Ajax Bay (Sea of Japan) using two technological modes with special electrodes for welding and cutting metal. For both processes, the predominance of the PM0.3 fraction in emissions of the smallest particles compared to particles of larger fractions was revealed. The amount of suspended particles when using electrodes for metal cutting is several times higher compared to electrodes for underwater welding. The mass concentration of PM10 particles does not exceed the threshold MPC values established in the Russian Federation, Belarus and the USA.
MANAGING THE RISK OF EMERGENCIES CAUSED BY GROUNDWATER FLOODING OF THE HISTORICAL BUILT-UP AREAS
Creators: name: Arefyeva, Elena
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: groundwater flooding
optimization approach
Boussinesq equation
historical territories
architectural monuments

description: The article presents an approach to managing the risk of groundwater flooding emergencies, including those in historical built-up areas. The approach is based on the application of a set of methods, including the method of forecasting, the method of developing an optimal control action, and developing a compromise solution. The peculiarity of historical built-up areas is that there is a significant cultural layer that does not allow drainage, because watered soil preserves the cultural layer. At the same time, architectural monuments need to drain the foundations and not water the soils of the foundations of structures.
Multilayer etching for kerf-free solar cells from macroporous silicon
Creators: name: Schäfer, Sören
name: Ernst, Marco
name: Kajari-Schröder, Sarah
name: Brendel, Rolf
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Kerf-free
subject: Layer transfer
subject: Macroporous silicon
subject: Thin films
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Kerf-free techniques for subdividing a single thick crystalline Si wafer into a multitude of thin Si layers have a large potential for cost reductions. In this paper, we explore pore formation in Si for separating many 18 μm-thick surface-textured layers from a thick wafer with a single etching process. We demonstrate the fabrication and separation of four macroporous Si layers in a single etching step. Generating many instead of single macroporous layers per etching step improves the economics of the macroporous Si process. We present our etching process that maintains the pore pattern defined by photolithography even after etching many absorber and separation layers.
title: COSMO Technical Report No. 24: Online Trajectory Module in COSMO: A short user guide
Creators: name: Miltenberger, A. K.
name: Roches, A.
name: Pfahl, S.
name: Wernli, H.
Publisher: name: COSMO Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
Year: 2014

description: The Technical Reports are intended mainly for internal use within the COSMO group (COSMO = Consortium for Small Scale Modeling), but also to inform other groups on model changes and research activities. The purpose of the Technical Reports is 1. to document scientific research activities, 2. to document technical changes to the model system, 3. to give an overview on new components of the model system.
Cosmic Ray Heating of the Warm Ionized Medium
Creators: name: Wiener, Joshua
name: Zweibel, Ellen G.
name: Oh, S. Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of line ratios in the Milky Way's warm ionized medium (WIM) suggest that photoionization is not the only heating mechanism present. For the additional heating to explain the discrepancy it would have to have a weaker dependence on the gas density than the cooling rate, $Λn_e^2$. \cite{reynolds99} suggested turbulent dissipation or magnetic field reconnection as possible heating sources. We investigate here the viability of MHD-wave mediated cosmic ray heating as a supplemental heating source. This heating rate depends on the gas density only through its linear dependence on the Alfvén speed, which goes as $n_e^{-1/2}$. We show that, scaled to appropriate values of cosmic ray energy density, cosmic ray heating can be significant. Furthermore, this heating is stable to perturbations. These results should also apply to warm ionized gas in other galaxies.
Stereoselektive Synthese eines Disorazol C1 Didehydrodimers und Studien zur Synthese von Derivaten der Disorazole
Creators: name: Nieß, Barbara
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disorazole
subject: natural product synthesis
subject: macrobislactonization
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: [no abstract]
Generalized Formalism in Gauge-Invariant Gravitational Perturbations
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Cao, Li-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By use of the gauge-invariant variables proposed by Kodama and Ishibashi, we obtain the most general perturbation equations in the $(m+n)$-dimensional spacetime with a warped product metric. These equations do not depend on the spectral expansions of the Laplace-type operators on the $n$-dimensional Einstein manifold. These equations enable us to have a complete gauge-invariant perturbation theory and a well-defined spectral expansion for all modes and the gauge invariance is kept for each mode. By studying perturbations of some projections of Weyl tensor in the case of $m=2$, we define three Teukolsky-like gauge-invariant variables and obtain the perturbation equations of these variables by considering perturbations of the Penrose wave equations in the $(2+n)$-dimensional Einstein spectime. In particular, we find the relations between the Teukolsky-like gauge-invariant variables and the Kodama-Ishibashi gauge-invariant variables. These relations imply that the Kodama-Ishibashi gauge-invariant variables all come from the perturbations of Weyl tensor of the spacetime.
description: review tex, 35 pages, no figure
MAIN TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HOLOCENE EPOCH OF THE ANTROPOGENIC PERIOD IN THE WORLD AND IN THE CAUCASUS
Creators: name: Daukaev, Arun
name: Gakaev, Rustam
name: Tumisha Bachaeva
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: climate
Holocene era
ice age
global warming
Caucasus
greenhouse effect

description: The article is devoted to the problem of climate change on Earth, and in particular in the Caucasus. The main trends in climate change are traced during the Holocene epoch of the Quaternary period. Attention is focused on the most noticeable periods of cooling and warming the medieval warming period, the Little Ice Age, the newest warming period, which began at the end of the 19th century. The issue of global warming is also touched upon.
Dynamical compressibility of dense granular shear flows
Creators: name: Trulsson, Martin
name: Bouzid, Mehdi
name: Claudin, Philippe
name: Andreotti, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been conjectured by Bagnold [1] that an assembly of hard non-deformable spheres could behave as a compressible medium when slowly sheared, as the average density of such a system effectively depends on the confining pressure. Here we use discrete element simulations to show the existence of transverse and sagittal waves associated to this dynamical compressibility. For this purpose, we study the resonance of these waves in a linear Couette cell and compare the results with those predicted from a continuum local constitutive relation.
METHODOLOGY OF RISK ASSESSMENT OF FORENSIC TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN RECOGNIZING THE AUTHENTICITY OF AN ELECTRONIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE
Creators: name: Menshikov, Pavel
name: Tsirdava, Alex
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: electronic signature
electronic document management
hash function
cryptographic algorithm

description: The article discusses the issues of using an electronic digital signature as enhanced authentication of the signature owner, as well as preserving the integrity of the document content. Particular attention is paid to the issues of differences in the types of electronic signatures (ES). ES has long been part of the usual electronic document flow, it is used in the banking sector, in the field of entrepreneurial and commercial activities, as well as economic, thereby it has become a new way of data theft, which in turn has led to the development of new types of crimes. The article presents various methods of ES research that help to establish the fact of changes in a document by studying its hash functions. As a consequence, the article concludes that it is necessary to develop the expertise of an ES.
A test method for analysing disturbed ethernet data streams
Creators: name: Kreitlow, M.
name: Sabath, F.
name: Garbe, Heyno
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data communication systems
subject: Electromagnetic pulse
subject: Ethernet
subject: Testing
subject: Data transmission rates
subject: Direct assessment
subject: Electromagnetic attack
subject: Electromagnetic disturbances
subject: Ethernet connections
subject: Measuring method
subject: Physical interactions
subject: Time-domain data
subject: Time domain analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Ethernet connections, which are widely used in many computer networks, can suffer from electromagnetic interference. Typically, a degradation of the data transmission rate can be perceived as electromagnetic disturbances lead to corruption of data frames on the network media. In this paper a software-based measuring method is presented, which allows a direct assessment of the effects on the link layer. The results can directly be linked to the physical interaction without the influence of software related effects on higher protocol layers. This gives a simple tool for a quantitative analysis of the disturbance of an Ethernet connection based on time domain data. An example is shown, how the data can be used for further investigation of mechanisms and detection of intentional electromagnetic attacks.
Railway Virtual Coupling: A Survey of Emerging Control Techniques
Creators: name: Wu, Qing
name: Ge, Xiaohua
name: Han, Qing-Long
name: Liu, Yafei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper provides a systematic review of emerging control techniques used for railway Virtual Coupling (VC) studies. Train motion models are first reviewed, including model formulations and the force elements involved. Control objectives and typical design constraints are then elaborated. Next, the existing VC control techniques are surveyed and classified into five groups: consensus-based control, model prediction control, sliding mode control, machine learning-based control, and constraints-following control. Their advantages and disadvantages for VC applications are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, several future studies for achieving better controller development and implementation, respectively, are presented. The purposes of this survey are to help researchers to achieve a better systematic understanding regarding VC control, to spark more research into VC and to further speed-up the realization of this emerging technology in railway and other relevant fields such as road vehicles.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles on 16-Jan-2023
Anomalous transport in half-metallic ferromagnetic CrO2
Creators: name: Anwar, M. S.
name: Aarts, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated transport properties of CrO2 thin films deposited on TiO2 and sapphire substrates. The films are good metals down to low temperatures. The residual resistivity is of the order of 6 micro-ohhmcm for films deposited on TiO2 and two times higher for films on sapphire substrates. The sign of the magnetoresistance (MR) changes from negative to positive at a temperature around 100 K. This fact, as well as a rapid change in the ordinary and anomalous Hall coefficients suggest a change in the electronic state. At lower temperatures the MR is a linear function of the applied field. This linear dependence might be explained as intergrain tunneling MR. This interpretation is also suggested by the angular MR. The planar Hall effect measurements reveal that the CrO2 thin films are not in a single magnetic domain state even for films deposited on an isostructural TiO2 substrate.
MODERN TEACHING TRENDS IN MARITIME ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL INSTRUMENT IN SPREADING OF INDIVISIBLE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN MARITIME INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Gulchohra Aliyeva
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: Maritime English
IMO Model Course 3.17
English for Special Purposes
Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)
a learning – centered approach in Maritime English

description: The role of globalization in spreading of English as a fundamental tool of a communication appears to become an effective characteristic in all the aspects of business environment in maritime industry as “turned-on” email chain and correspondence is completely established in the English language, thus building the challenging competency within maritime universities and nautical institutions. While overviewing the research studies over the last four decades we mainly see that the main “ladder” in the objectives of IMO Model Courses remains to be the promotion of contact and cooperation among maritime lecturers of all branches of knowledge and form a high level of professional expertise institution in enhancing the environment of teaching opportunities of English for Special Purposes in maritime and shipping industry. The obvious conclusion by examining the proceedings of the SubCommittee on the International Maritime English Conference (IMEC) is that the English language is rapidly gaining ground on effective delivering of lectures within the maritime establishments because its composition, flexibility, vocabulary and pragmatics completely makes it to become the “Lingua Franca” of Maritime English.
MORPHOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AVALANCHES WITH THE USE OF A UAV (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ILE ALATAU)
Creators: name: Kamalbekova, Aidana
name: Blagoveshchensky, Victor
name: Ranova, Sandugash
name: Uldzhan Aldabergen
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: unmanned aerial vehicles
digital elevation model
orthophoto
3D surface models
Agisoft Metashape
snow avalanches

description: The article deals with the experience of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (DJI Matrice 300 RTK) and Agisoft Metashape software to obtain the characteristics of avalanches that descended in late March in the Shukur and Kotyrbulak tracts (Pioneer avalanche) in the Ile Alatau mountains. UAVs can perform observations in remote and dangerous areas, quickly reach the scene, and capture high-quality images and video. In Agisoft Metashape, data processing is performed to create digital elevation maps, 3D models and obtain various geometric data. The resulting data can be used to analyze and predict avalanche processes, as well as to develop measures to reduce the risk of such processes in the future.
A link between feedback outflows and satellite galaxy suppression
Creators: name: Nayakshin, Sergei
name: Wilkinson, Mark I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a direct link between the two "missing" baryon problems of contemporary galaxy formation theory: (1) that large galaxies are known to contain too little gas and stars and (2) that too few dwarf satellite galaxies are observed around large galaxies compared with cosmological simulations. The former can be explained by invoking some energetic process -- most likely AGN or star formation feedback -- which expels to infinity a significant fraction of the gas initially present in the proto-galaxy, while the latter problem is usually explained by star formation feedback inside the dwarf or tidal and ram pressure stripping of the gas from the satellite galaxy by its parent. Here we point out that the host galaxy "missing" baryons, if indeed ejected at velocities of hundreds to a thousand km s$^{-1}$, must also affect smaller satellite galaxies by stripping or shocking the gas there. We estimate the fraction of gas removed from the satellites as a function of the satellite galaxy's properties. Applying these results to a Milky Way like dark matter halo, we find that this singular shock ram pressure stripping event may be quite efficient in removing the gas from the satellites provided that they are close enough. We also use the orbital and mass modelling data for eight Galactic dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites, and find that it is likely that many of them have been affected by the Galactic outflow. We point out that galactic outflows of the host may also trigger a starburst in the satellite galaxies by over-pressuring their gas discs. This process may be responsible for the formation of the globular clusters observed in some of the Milky Way's dSphs (e.g. the Fornax and Sagittarius dSphs).
description: appearing in MNRAS; 9 pages
Controlling a Vacuum Suction Cup Cluster using Simulation-Trained Reinforcement Learning Agents
Creators: name: Winkler, Georg
Publisher: name: Hannover : publish-Ing.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Reinforcement Learning
subject: Sim2Real
subject: Energy Efficiency
subject: Automotive
subject: Gripper
subject: Suction Cups
subject: Compressed Air
subject: vacuum-based handling
subject: car body shop
subject: Body-in-white
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Using compressed air in industrial processes is often accompanied by a poor cost-benefit ratio and a negative impact on the environmental footprint due to usual distribution inefficiencies. Compressed air-based systems are expensive regarding installation and lead to high running costs due to pricey maintenance requirements and low energy efficiency due to leakage. However, compressed air-based systems are indispensable for various industrial processes, like handling parts with Class A surface requirements such as outer skin sheets in automobile production. Most of those outer skin parts are solely handled by vacuum-based grippers to minimize any visible effect on the finished car. Fulfilling customer expectations and simultaneously reducing the running costs of decisive systems requires finding innovative strategies focused on using the precious resource of compressed air as efficiently as possible. This work presents a sim2real reinforcement learning approach to efficiently hold a workpiece attached to a vacuum suction cup cluster. In addition to pure energy-saving, reinforcement learning enables those agents to be trained without collecting extensive data beforehand. Furthermore, the sim2real approach makes it easy and parallelizable to examine numerous agents by training them in a simulation of the testing rig rather than at the testing rig itself. The possibility to train various agents fast additionally facilitates focusing on the robustness and simplicity of the found agents instead of only searching for strategies that work, making training an intelligent system scalable and effective. The resulting agents reduce the amount of energy necessary to hold the workpiece attached by more than 15% compared to a reference strategy without machine learning and by more than 99% compared to a conventional strategy.
MONITORING OF INDIVIDUAL SEISMIC RISK AT ALL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF A POSSIBLE EARTHQUAKE SOURCE
Creators: name: Nigmetov, Gennady
name: Savinov, Andrei
name: Nigmetov, Temir
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2023
Subjects: seismic hazard
possible earthquake source
macroseismic field
dynamicgeophysical testing of buildings
building seismic resistance
individual seismic risk

description: At the threat of a catastrophic earthquake, there is a need to ensure seismic safety of the population at all stages of seismic hazard development. First of all, it is important to determine the locations of possible earthquake sources and possible macroseismic fields created by them on the terrain. The effectiveness of measures on seismic safety of the population will depend on how correctly the possible earthquake source and seismic hazard zones, in which destructive seismic impact is expected, seismic resistance of buildings in these hazard zones, the number of population falling into the seismic zone, possible consequences have been determined. Knowing the possible consequences, it is easy to determine the necessary forces and means to prevent risks and rescue the population.
title: COSMO Technical Report No. 16: COSMO Priority Project "INTERP" : Final Report
Creators: name: Eckert, Pierre
Publisher: name: COSMO Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
Year: 2009

description: The Technical Reports are intended mainly for internal use within the COSMO group (COSMO = Consortium for Small Scale Modeling), but also to inform other groups on model changes and research activities. The purpose of the Technical Reports is 1. to document scientific research activities, 2. to document technical changes to the model system, 3. to give an overview on new components of the model system.
Enabling Quality-oriented Process Development for sulfidic All-Solid-State Battery Cathodes
Creators: name: Prein, Thorben
name: Töpper, Hans-Christoph
name: Daub, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Hannover : publish-Ing.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: All-Solid-State Battery
subject: battery production
subject: Process development
subject: Electrode characterisation
subject: Quality Criteria
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: After major advances in material research throughout recent years, the industrialization of all-solid-state batteries now depends on the development of cost-effective production technology for novel materials and components. To enable a fast production scale-up and complex process interdependency handling, production engineering needs a quantitative evaluation and comparison approach for manufacturing strategies and process parameter settings. To address this challenge, we derive microstructural quality criteria from specifications at the product-level such as driving range and charging speed of battery electric vehicles. These range from porosity and agglomerate density on a macroscopic level to microscopic properties such as pore size distribution and particle contacts. By listing comprehensive characterization methods, the work enables engineers to efficiently evaluate these criteria. Experimentally applying the proposed approach, the influence of different mixing process parameters is analyzed. Thereby, sulfidic composite cathodes manufactured in a scalable procedure are used as samples.