Xylopia paniculata Exell, J. Bot. 64 (Suppl.): 8 1926
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia
Xylopia paniculata

description: Xylopia paniculata Exell, J. Bot. 64 (Suppl.): 8, 1926 Map 18F Type. Angola. Cabinda; Belize, Mayumbe, <i>Gossweiler J. 6988</i>, no date: holotype: BM; isotypes: COI[COI00004886]; LISC[LISC000323, LISC000324, LISC000322, LISC000321] Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up 35 cm; <b>stilt roots or small buttresses present.</b> Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent with loosely appressed hairs 0.4-0.9 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.2-11.5 cm long, 1.8-2.7 cm wide, narrowly oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-0.7 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, somewhat shiny above, slightly discolorous; midrib raised to slightly sunken, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, <b>peduncle 2-3 per axil, highly branched, 1-4.5 mm long, sometimes with a longer floriferous axis emerging from among the cluster of flowers in an axil.</b> Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, up to 32 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 23-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 1 or 2, at or above the middle of pedicel, 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, inner and outer whorl subequal; outer petals 3, 10-19.7 mm long, 2.3-3.6 mm wide at base, linear-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow-green with red base, densely pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9.7-13.1 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow-green with red base, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; stamens 120 to 130, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, narrowly oblong; connective apex capitate, glabrous; carpels 3 to 6, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, filiform, 2.5-2.7 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Monocarp stipitate, stipe 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; <b>monocarp 1</b>, 56-85 mm long, 31-40 mm wide, obovoid to oblongoid, apex rounded, pubescent, longitudinally ridged and wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp carmine, red or pink-red; seeds 3 to 4 per monocarp, <b>in a single row</b>, 21-22 mm long, 16-17 mm wide, flattened ellipsoid; <b> sarcotesta grayish blue or greenish blue <i>in vivo</i>; aril absent.</b> Distribution. A sparsely distributed species from Cameroon to Angola (Cabinda); in Cameroon known from a single collection in the East region. Habitat. A very rare species in general; in primary rain forests. Altitude unknown, but probably lowland. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. <i>Xylopia paniculata</i> is distinguished by its highly branched inflorescences with up to 32 flowers, a unique characteristic for African species. The monocarps and seeds are among the largest of any African <i>Xylopia</i> species. The specimen label of the single Cameroon specimen lists <i>Baillonella toxisperma</i> and <i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i> as associated species. Specimen. <b>East Region</b>: A 23 km à l’Ouest de Maséa (village situé à 50 km au SSW de Yokadouma, 3.15°N, 14.87°E, <i>04 July 1963</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 5402 (P,YA).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}