cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermalization and Hydrodynamics of Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theories
Creators: name: Delacretaz, Luca V.
name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Katz, Emanuel
name: Walters, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 2d QFTs as relevant deformations of CFTs in the thermodynamic limit. Using causality and KPZ universality, we place a lower bound on the timescale characterizing the onset of hydrodynamics. The bound is determined parametrically in terms of the temperature and the scale associated with the relevant deformation. This bound is typically much stronger than $\frac{1}{T}$, the expected quantum equilibration time. Subluminality of sound further allows us to define a thermodynamic $C$-function, and constrain the sign of the $\mathcal T\bar{\mathcal T}$ term in EFTs.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures; v2: published version; v3: Sec. 5.4 updated, references added
Thermal anyon interferometry in phonon-coupled Kitaev spin liquids
Creators: name: Klocke, Kai
name: Moore, Joel E.
name: Alicea, Jason
name: Halász, Gábor B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies inspired by experiments on the Kitaev magnet $α$-RuCl$_3$ highlight the nontrivial impact of phonons on the thermal Hall conductivity of chiral topological phases. Here we introduce mixed mesoscopic-macroscopic devices that allow refined thermal-transport probes of non-Abelian spin liquids with Ising topological order. These devices feature a quantum-coherent mesoscopic region with negligible phonon conductance, flanked by macroscopic lobes that facilitate efficient thermalization between chiral Majorana edge modes and bulk phonons. We show that our devices enable $(i)$ accurate determination of the quantized thermal Hall conductivity, $(ii)$ identification of non-Abelian Ising anyons via the temperature dependence of the thermal conductance, and most interestingly $(iii)$ single-anyon detection through heat-based anyon interferometry. Analogous results apply broadly to phonon-coupled chiral topological orders.
On Gravitational Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Casimir Effect in FRW Universe
Creators: name: Santos, A. F.
name: Ulhoa, S. C.
name: Spaniol, E. P.
name: Khanna, Faqir C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both Stefan-Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect, in a universe described by the FRW metric with zero curvature, are calculated. These effects are described by Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD). The gravitational energy-momentum tensor is defined in the context of Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR). Each of the two effects gives a consistent prediction with what is observed on a cosmological scale. One of the effect establishes a minimum range for the deceleration parameter. While another leads to the conclusion that a possible cosmological constant has a very small order of magnitude.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation
Computer Assisted Proof of Drift Orbits Along Normally Hyperbolic Manifolds II: Application to the Restricted Three Body Problem
Creators: name: Capiński, Maciej J.
name: Wodka, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a computer assisted proof or diffusion in the Planar Elliptic Restricted Three Body Problem. We treat the elliptic problem as a perturbation of the circular problem, where the perturbation parameter is the eccentricity of the primaries. The unperturbed system preserves energy, and we show that for sufficiently small perturbations we have orbits with explicit energy changes, independent from the size of the perturbation. The result is based on shadowing of orbits along transversal intersections of stable/unstable manifolds of a normally hyperbolic cylinder.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures
Controlled pattern formation of stochastic Cucker-Smale systems with network structures
Creators: name: Choi, Young-Pil
name: Oh, Doeun
name: Tse, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new stochastic particle system on networks which describes the flocking behavior and pattern formation. More precisely, we consider Cucker-Smale particles with decentralized formation control and multiplicative noises on symmetric and connected networks. Under suitable assumptions on the initial configurations and the network structure, we establish time-asymptotic stochastic flocking behavior and pattern formation of solutions for the proposed stochastic particle system. Our approach is based on the Lyapunov functional energy estimates, and it does not require any spectral information of the graph associated with the network structure.
Zero magnetic-field orbital vortices in s-wave spin-singlet superconductors
Creators: name: Mercaldo, Maria Teresa
name: Ortix, Carmine
name: Giazotto, Francesco
name: Cuoco, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breaking of time-reversal and point-group spatial symmetries can have a profound impact on superconductivity. One of the most extraordinary effects, due to the application of a magnetic field, is represented by the Abrikosov vortices with charged supercurrents circulating around their cores. Whether a similar phenomenon can be obtained by exploiting spatial symmetry breaking, e.g. through electric fields or mechanical strain, is a fundamentally relevant but not yet fully settled problem. Here, we show that in two-dimensional spin-singlet superconductors with unusually low degree of spatial symmetry content, vortices with supercurrents carrying angular momentum around the core can form and be energetically stable. The vortex has zero net magnetic flux since it is made up of counter-propagating Cooper pairs with opposite orbital moments. By solving self-consistently the Bogoliubov - de Gennes equations in real space, we demonstrate that the orbital vortex is stable and we unveil the spatial distribution of the superconducting order parameter around its core. The resulting amplitude has a characteristic pattern with a pronounced angular anisotropy that deviates from the profile of conventional magnetic vortices. These hallmarks guide predictions and proposals for the experimental detection.
description: (main: 6 pages, 3 panels of figures; supplemental material: 5 pages 5 panels of figures)
Statistical Mechanics of Floquet Quantum Matter: Exact and Emergent Conservation Laws
Creators: name: Haldar, Asmi
name: Das, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium statistical mechanics rests on the assumption of ergodic dynamics of a system modulo the conservation laws of local observables: extremization of entropy immediately gives Gibbs' ensemble (GE) for energy conserving systems and a generalized version of it (GGE) when the number of local conserved quantities (LCQ) is more than one. Through the last decade, statistical mechanics has been extended to describe the late-time behaviour of periodically driven (Floquet) quantum matter starting from a generic state. The structure built on the fundamental assumptions of ergodicity and identification of the relevant "conservation laws" in this inherently non-equilibrium setting. More recently, it has been shown that the statistical mechanics has a much richer structure due to the existence of {\it emergent} conservation laws: these are approximate but stable conservation laws arising {\it due to the drive}, and are not present in the undriven system. Extensive numerical and analytical results support perpetual stability of these emergent (though approximate) conservation laws, probably even in the thermodynamic limit. This banks on the recent finding of a sharp ergodicity threshold for Floquet thermalization in clean, interacting non-integrable Floquet systems. This opens up a new possibility of stable Floquet engineering in such systems. This review intends to give a theoretical overview of these developments. We conclude by briefly surveying the experimental scenario.
description: Invited Review for Journal of Physics: Condensed Mattter
User-oriented Natural Human-Robot Control with Thin-Plate Splines and LRCN
Creators: name: Lima, Bruno
name: Amaral, Lucas
name: Nascimento-Jr, Givanildo
name: Mafra, Victor
name: Ferreira, Bruno Georgevich
name: Vieira, Tiago
name: Vieira, Thales
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9; I.4.9; H.5.2

description: We propose a real-time vision-based teleoperation approach for robotic arms that employs a single depth-based camera, exempting the user from the need for any wearable devices. By employing a natural user interface, this novel approach leverages the conventional fine-tuning control, turning it into a direct body pose capture process. The proposed approach is comprised of two main parts. The first is a nonlinear customizable pose mapping based on Thin-Plate Splines (TPS), to directly transfer human body motion to robotic arm motion in a nonlinear fashion, thus allowing matching dissimilar bodies with different workspace shapes and kinematic constraints. The second is a Deep Neural Network hand-state classifier based on Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN) that exploits the temporal coherence of the acquired depth data. We validate, evaluate and compare our approach through both classical cross-validation experiments of the proposed hand state classifier; and user studies over a set of practical experiments involving variants of pick-and-place and manufacturing tasks. Results revealed that LRCN networks outperform single image Convolutional Neural Networks; and that users' learning curves were steep, thus allowing the successful completion of the proposed tasks. When compared to a previous approach, the TPS approach revealed no increase in task complexity and similar times of completion, while providing more precise operation in regions closer to workspace boundaries.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01560-6. A demo video is available in https://youtu.be/Rk3iS_KnaWc
Plane-polarised finite-amplitude shear waves in deformed incompressible materials
Creators: name: Destrade, Michel
name: Saccomandi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how two finite-amplitude, transverse, plane body waves may be superposed to propagate in a deformed hyperelastic incompressible solid. We find that the equations of motion reduce to a well-determined system of partial differential equations, making the motion controllable for all solids. We find that in deformed Mooney-Rivlin materials, they may travel along any direction and be polarised along any transverse direction, an extension of a result by Boulanger and Hayes [Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 45 (1992) 575]. Furthermore, their motion is governed by a linear system of partial differential equations, making the Mooney-Rivlin special in that respect. We select another model to show that for other materials, the equations are nonlinear. We use asymptotic equations to reveal the onset of nonlinearity for the waves, paying particular attention to how close the propagation direction is to the principal axes of pre-deformation.
Molecular and electronic structure of 1,3,2-diazaphosphinine derivatives
Creators: name: Povolotskii, Mark I.
name: Shablykin, Oleg V.
name: Rusanov, Eduard B.
name: Rozhenko, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Structure of 1,3,2-diazaphosphinine heterocyclic system was studied using quantum chemical calculations and X-ray diffraction method for one derivative. It was found that two P–N single bonds were different in their nature: one of them turned out to be significantly shorter and stronger, whereas the other one is longer and more diffused. The found effect is strengthened by π-donor substituents. The effect was interpreted by equilibrium of Lewis structures and analyzing the charge distribution by the NBO approach. The observed effect can be considered as the special form of π-conjugation in the heterocycles with the phosphorus (V) atom included.
Three-component reaction of N-isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane (Ph3PNNC), biacetyl, and a carboxylic acid in water
Creators: name: Jafari, Ali
name: Ramazani, Ali
name: Ahankar, Hamideh
name: Asiabi, Pegah Azimzadeh
name: Sadri, Fariba
name: Joo, Sang Woo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Reaction of N-isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane with biacetyl in the presence of a carboxylic acid in water proceeds smoothly at RT (20–26°C) and neutral conditions to afford sterically congested 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives in high yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly and clearly under mild conditions and no side reactions were observed.
Bounds on the recurrence probability in periodically-driven quantum systems
Creators: name: Pandit, Tanmoy
name: Green, Alaina M.
name: Alderete, C. Huerta
name: Linke, Norbert M.
name: Uzdin, Raam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Periodically-driven systems are ubiquitous in science and technology. In quantum dynamics, even a small number of periodically-driven spins leads to complicated dynamics. Hence, it is of interest to understand what constraints such dynamics must satisfy. We derive a set of constraints for each number of cycles. For pure initial states, the observable being constrained is the recurrence probability. We use our constraints for detecting undesired coupling to unaccounted environments and drifts in the driving parameters. To illustrate the relevance of these results for modern quantum systems we demonstrate our findings experimentally on a trapped-ion quantum computer, and on various IBM quantum computers. Specifically, we provide two experimental examples where these constraints surpass fundamental bounds associated with known one-cycle constraints. This scheme can potentially be used to detect the effect of the environment in quantum circuits that cannot be classically simulated. Finally, we show that, in practice, testing an $n$-cycle constraint requires executing only $O(\sqrt{n})$ cycles, which makes the evaluation of constraints associated with hundreds of cycles realistic.
description: v3: The version accepted to quantum
Ranking earthquake forecasts using proper scoring rules: Binary events in a low probability environment
Creators: name: Serafini, Francesco
name: Naylor, Mark
name: Lindgren, Finn
name: Werner, Maximilian
name: Main, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Operational earthquake forecasting for risk management and communication during seismic sequences depends on our ability to select an optimal forecasting model. To do this, we need to compare the performance of competing models with each other in prospective forecasting mode, and to rank their performance using a fair, reproducible and reliable method. The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) conducts such prospective earthquake forecasting experiments around the globe. One metric that has been proposed to rank competing models is the Parimutuel Gambling score, which has the advantage of allowing alarm-based (categorical) forecasts to be compared with probabilistic ones. Here we examine the suitability of this score for ranking competing earthquake forecasts. First, we prove analytically that this score is in general improper, meaning that, on average, it does not prefer the model that generated the data. Even in the special case where it is proper, we show it can still be used in an improper way. Then, we compare its performance with two commonly-used proper scores (the Brier and logarithmic scores), taking into account the uncertainty around the observed average score. We estimate the confidence intervals for the expected score difference which allows us to define if and when a model can be preferred. Our findings suggest the Parimutuel Gambling score should not be used to distinguishing between multiple competing forecasts. They also enable a more rigorous approach to distinguish between the predictive skills of candidate forecasts in addition to their rankings.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures. Work presented at vEGU21 as vPico presentation
title: The diffusion of carbon atoms inside carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Gan, Yanjie
name: Kotakoski, J.
name: Krasheninnikov, A. V.
name: Nordlund, K.
name: Banhart, F.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: We combine electron irradiation experiments in a transmission electron microscope with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to determine the mobility of interstitial carbon atoms in single-walled carbon nanotubes. We measure the irradiation dose necessary to cut nanotubes repeatedly with a focused electron beam as a function of the separation between the cuts and at different temperatures. As the cutting speed is related to the migration of displaced carbon atoms trapped inside the tube and to their recombination with vacancies, we obtain information about the mobility of the trapped atoms and estimate their migration barrier to be about 0.25 eV. This is an experimental confirmation of the remarkably high mobility of interstitial atoms inside carbon nanotubes, which shows that nanotubes have potential applications as pipelines for the transport of carbon atoms.
title: 01_1508
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The American English Flapping Rule and the Effect of Stress on Stop Consonant Durations
Creators: name: Turk, Alice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1992

description: The experiment described in this paper concerns the American English Flapping Rule, whereby non-ward-initial iintervocalic /t/ and /d/ are flapped when preceding an unstressed vowel, as in the words 'metal' and 'pyramidal'; in contrast the /t/ preceding a stressed vowel in 'metallic' is not flapped. Acoustically, a major difference between flapped and non-flapped alveolars is durational: flaps are considerably shorter than their non-flapped counterparts. In this study we measured the durations of intervocalic stops in both the non-flapping and flapping environments as well as the durations of vowels that preceded the alveolars in order to answer the following questions:
 1. Does a general timing mechanism underly the rule? It may be the case that the extreme shortening found in /t/ and /d/ is an instantiation of a more general timing principle. We discuss possible mechanisms far the length differences between poststress and prestress stops as well as implications for the formulation of the American English flapping rule.
 2. Are vowels preceding flaps that were underlying /d/'s longer than vowels preceding flaps that were underlying /t/'s? It is well-known that vowels preceding voiced stops tend to be longer than vowels preceding voiceless stops (e.g. Chen, 1970). Longer vowels before flapped /d/'s than before flapped /t/'s would suggest that lengthening before voiced segments is due to the underlying phonological distinction ([+voice] vs. [-voice]) rather than to the phonetic realization of the consonant (which, in the case of most flaps, is as a voiced segment). In fact, one study (Fox and Terbeek, 1977) found that vowels preceding flapped /d/'s were longer than vowels preceeding flapped /t/'s. 3. Does a longer phonological phrase affect segment durations?
description: This paper is copyrighted, and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) - see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Sampling efficiency for monitoring nesting sea turtle populations
Creators: name: Whiting, Andrea
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2010

description: The life history characteristics of sea turtles - including their long life spans, late age-at-maturity, migratory behaviour and widespread habitat usage - impede population monitoring of each demographic life stage within the population. Monitoring sea turtle populations has mostly focused on the adult females at the nesting beach and less commonly on juvenile and sub-adult turtles in their foraging habitats. Despite the limitations of only measuring one demographic state, the greater and more abundant and widespread information on nesting turtles make it an important source of information for management and conservation. Despite this dominance, survey errors, power and confidence of abundance estimates and trend detection in nesting turtle populations have been given little focus until recently. In this study, I investigated efficiency of sampling programs for monitoring nesting sea turtles where conducting a full-time census is not feasible. Sampling regimes for nesting turtles ranged from five to 100% data coverage and were investigated for five species of turtles. I examined the impact of sampling errors and environmental correlates on trend detection of the nesting populations for 51 populations of sea turtles, comprising five species. These results were then applied to a nesting population with unknown seasonality and abundance, and identified it as one of the world's largest populations of nesting flatback sea turtles. The high inter-annual variability in nesting turtle abundance means that several decades are often required to detect trends for raw data. This thesis shows that climatic and environmental predictors can be used effectively to predict nesting abundance and dramatically increase the power in trend detection. A model for estimating annual abundance for green turtles using the year, previous year's nesting numbers, Southern Oscillation Index, and specific humidity reduced the number of years needed to detect trends with the same power by 43%. In addition, sampling errors associated with low survey effort of only two weeks had a low impact on the power of detecting trends in the population, indicating that for abundance estimates, annual accuracy in abundance estimates is overshadowed by the large inter-annual variation in abundance. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation of survey errors for sampling nesting turtle populations.
Holographic duality between local Hamiltonians from random tensor networks
Creators: name: Apel, Harriet
name: Kohler, Tamara
name: Cubitt, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The AdS/CFT correspondence realises the holographic principle where information in the bulk of a space is encoded at its border. We are yet a long way from a full mathematical construction of AdS/CFT, but toy models in the form of holographic quantum error correcting codes (HQECC) have replicated some interesting features of the correspondence. In this work we construct new HQECCs built from random stabilizer tensors that describe a duality between models encompassing local Hamiltonians whilst exactly obeying the Ryu-Takayanagi entropy formula for all boundary regions. We also obtain complementary recovery of local bulk operators for any boundary bipartition. Existing HQECCs have been shown to exhibit these properties individually, whereas our mathematically rigorous toy models capture these features of AdS/CFT simultaneously, advancing further towards a complete construction of holographic duality.
description: 42 pages, 4 figures. v4: updated to published version, expanded introduction and new figure demonstrating simulation composition
Successive Convex Approximation Based Off-Policy Optimization for Constrained Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Tian, Chang
name: Liu, An
name: Huang, Guang
name: Luo, Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a successive convex approximation based off-policy optimization (SCAOPO) algorithm to solve the general constrained reinforcement learning problem, which is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) in the context of average cost. The SCAOPO is based on solving a sequence of convex objective/feasibility optimization problems obtained by replacing the objective and constraint functions in the original problems with convex surrogate functions. At each iteration, the convex surrogate problem can be efficiently solved by Lagrange dual method even the policy is parameterized by a high-dimensional function. Moreover, the SCAOPO enables to reuse old experiences from previous updates, thereby significantly reducing the implementation cost when deployed in the real-world engineering systems that need to online learn the environment. In spite of the time-varying state distribution and the stochastic bias incurred by the off-policy learning, the SCAOPO with a feasible initial point can still provably converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of the original problem almost surely.
description: submitted to Transactions on Signal Processing
A Comprehensive Survey on Community Detection with Deep Learning
Creators: name: Su, Xing
name: Xue, Shan
name: Liu, Fanzhen
name: Wu, Jia
name: Yang, Jian
name: Zhou, Chuan
name: Hu, Wenbin
name: Paris, Cecile
name: Nepal, Surya
name: Jin, Di
name: Sheng, Quan Z.
name: Yu, Philip S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A community reveals the features and connections of its members that are different from those in other communities in a network. Detecting communities is of great significance in network analysis. Despite the classical spectral clustering and statistical inference methods, we notice a significant development of deep learning techniques for community detection in recent years with their advantages in handling high dimensional network data. Hence, a comprehensive overview of community detection's latest progress through deep learning is timely to academics and practitioners. This survey devises and proposes a new taxonomy covering different state-of-the-art methods, including deep learning-based models upon deep neural networks, deep nonnegative matrix factorization and deep sparse filtering. The main category, i.e., deep neural networks, is further divided into convolutional networks, graph attention networks, generative adversarial networks and autoencoders. The survey also summarizes the popular benchmark data sets, evaluation metrics, and open-source implementations to address experimentation settings. We then discuss the practical applications of community detection in various domains and point to implementation scenarios. Finally, we outline future directions by suggesting challenging topics in this fast-growing deep learning field.
description: 29 Pages
Microwave-to-optical conversion with a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity
Creators: name: Hönl, Simon
name: Popoff, Youri
name: Caimi, Daniele
name: Beccari, Alberto
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
name: Seidler, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating at microwave frequencies. Here we present a novel platform for microwave-to-optical conversion comprising a photonic crystal cavity made of single-crystal, piezoelectric gallium phosphide integrated on pre-fabricated niobium circuits on an intrinsic silicon substrate. The devices exploit spatially extended, sideband-resolved mechanical breathing modes at $\sim$ 3.2 GHz, with vacuum optomechanical coupling rates of up to $g_0/2π\approx$ 300 kHz. The mechanical modes are driven by integrated microwave electrodes via the inverse piezoelectric effect. We estimate that the system could achieve an electromechanical coupling rate to a superconducting transmon qubit of $\sim$ 200 kHz. Our work represents a decisive step towards integration of piezoelectro-optomechanical interfaces with superconducting quantum processors.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Please repeat: Strong lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact binary and galaxy populations
Creators: name: Xu, Fei
name: Ezquiaga, Jose Maria
name: Holz, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational wave sources offers a novel probe of both the lens galaxy and the binary source population. In particular, the strong lensing event rate and the time delay distribution of multiply-imaged gravitational-wave binary coalescence events can be used to constrain the mass distribution of the lenses as well as the intrinsic properties of the source population. We calculate the strong lensing event rate for a range of second (2G) and third generation (3G) detectors, including Advanced LIGO/Virgo, A+, Einstein Telescope (ET), and Cosmic Explorer (CE). For 3G detectors, we find that {$\sim0.1\%$} of observed events are expected to be strongly lensed. We predict detections of {$\sim 1$} lensing pair per year with A+, and {$\sim 50$} pairs {per year} with ET/CE. These rates are highly sensitive to the characteristic galaxy velocity dispersion, $σ_*$, implying that observations of the rates will be a sensitive probe of lens properties. We explore using the time delay distribution between multiply-imaged gravitational-wave sources to constrain properties of the lenses. We find that 3G detectors would constrain $σ_*$ to {$\sim21\%$ after 5 years}. Finally, we show that the presence or absence of strong lensing {within the detected population} provides useful insights into the source redshift and mass distribution out to redshifts beyond the peak of the star formation rate, which can be used to constrain formation channels and their relation to the star formation rate and delay time distributions for these systems.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures; Updated Equation 6 and the corresponding lensing event rates and figures. Added discussion on SIS magnification ratio in the appendix
New radiometric data from the South Maradi Pan-African formations, Southern Niger
Creators: name: Idi Souley Baraou
name: Konaté, Moussa
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material 3: U-Pb on zircon method
Synthesis and molecular structures of mercury(II) complexes of carbamoylmethylphosphoryl ligands
Creators: name: Rosario-Amorin, Daniel
name: Dehaudt, Jérémy P.
name: Caudle, Linda J.
name: Dickie, Diane A.
name: Paine, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The reactions of carbamoylmethylphosphonates (CMP) and carbamoylmethylphosphine oxides (CMPO) with mercuric nitrate typically result in deprotonation of the methylene carbon atom spanning the phosphoryl and the amide carbonyl groups of the bifunctional ligand with concomitant formation of [Hg(L)](NO3) compounds containing a stable mercury-carbon σ bond. The resulting organometallic compounds form dimers [Hg(L)(NO3)]2 via bidentate interactions between the phosphoryl oxygen atom and carbonyl oxygen atom in one [Hg(L)]+ unit and the Hg(II) ion in the second [Hg(L)]+ unit. Additional examples of this general reactivity/structure pattern are reported herein. In contrast, in Hg(II) complexes of two CMPO derivatives, in which the amide N-atom is functionalized with a 2-methylpyridine group, the trifunctional phosphine oxides are observed to behave as neutral ligands forming complexes (L′)Hg (NO3)2.
Unsteady chiral swimmer in presence of an external chemical gradient
Creators: name: Maity, Ruma
name: Burada, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unsteadiness occurs in the low Reynolds number swimmers' motion while they start from rest or escape from a predator or attack prey. In this paper, we study an unsteady chiral swimmer's behavior, with a prescribed surface slip velocity, in the low Reynold number regime and its response to an external chemical gradient. Using the general solution of unsteady Stokes equation and appropriate boundary conditions, i.e., slip velocity at the body surface and the ambient velocity field at the far-field, we calculate the migration velocity, rotation rate, and the ow field of the swimmer in a closed-form. We compare the velocity with some previously known results in appropriate limits. The continuous unsteady motion of the swimmer affects its tactic movement. A relevant example of this situation is chemotaxis, where the presence of chemical stimulus alters the swimmer's surface slip velocity. As a result, the swimmer either steers towards the chemical target or moves away from it, depending on the system parameters. Here, the rotation rate controls the success of the chemotaxis. In addition to the successful and unsuccessful cases, we observe a unique orbiting state where the swimmer keeps revolving around the chemical target in diffusive orbits.
Theory of defect-mediated morphogenesis
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Ludwig A.
name: Carenza, Livio Nicola
name: Eckert, Julia
name: Giomi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growing experimental evidence indicates that topological defects could serve as organizing centers in the morphogenesis of tissues. Here, we provide a quantitative explanation for this phenomenon, rooted in the buckling theory of deformable active polar liquid crystals. Using a combination of linear stability analysis and computational fluid dynamics, we demonstrate that active layers, such as confined cell monolayers, are unstable to the formation of protrusions in the presence of disclinations. The instability originates from an interplay between the focusing of the elastic forces, mediated by defects, and the renormalization of the system's surface tension by the active flow. The posttransitional regime is also characterized by several complex morphodynamical processes, such as oscillatory deformations, droplet nucleation, and active turbulence. Our findings offer an explanation of recent observations on tissue morphogenesis and shed light on the dynamics of active surfaces in general.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. 5 pages, 2 figure Supplementary Information. Minor edits and some clarifications added
Implication of the swampland distance conjecture on the Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound in de Sitter space
Creators: name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson (CKN) bound formulates the condition that black hole is not produced by the low energy effective field theory dynamics. In de Sitter space it also constrains the maximal size of the matter distribution to be smaller than the cosmological horizon determined by black hole. On the other hand, the swampland distance conjecture (SDC) predicts that de Sitter space becomes unstable by the descent of the low energy degrees of freedom from UV. This results in the rapid increase in the energy inside the cosmological horizon, the distribution of which can be constrained by the CKN bound. We study the CKN bound in de Sitter space in detail and point out that when compared with the slow-roll in the inflation, the bound on the slow-roll parameter which forbids the eternal inflation is obtained.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, Version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Phase Transitions of Repulsive Two-Component Fermi Gases in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Trappe, Martin-Isbjörn
name: Grochowski, Piotr T.
name: Hue, Jun Hao
name: Karpiuk, Tomasz
name: Rzążewski, Kazimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the phase separations of two-dimensional Fermi gases with repulsive contact-type interactions between two spin components. Using density-potential functional theory with systematic semiclassical approximations, we address the long-standing problem of itinerant ferromagnetism in realistic settings. We reveal a universal transition from the paramagnetic state at small repulsive interactions towards ferromagnetic density profiles at large interaction strengths, with intricate particle-number dependent phases in between. Building on quantum Monte Carlo results for uniform systems, we benchmark our simulations against Hartree-Fock calculations for a small number of trapped fermions. We thereby demonstrate that our employed corrections to the mean-field interaction energy and especially to the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional are necessary for reliably predicting properties of trapped mesoscopic Fermi gases. The density patterns of the ground state survive at low finite temperatures and confirm the Stoner-type polarization behavior across a universal interaction parameter, albeit with substantial quantitative differences that originate in the trapping potential and the quantum-corrected kinetic energy. We also uncover a zoo of metastable configurations that are energetically comparable to the ground-state density profiles and are thus likely to be observed in experiments. We argue that our density-functional approach can be easily applied to interacting multi-component Fermi gases in general.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Discovery of a giant molecular loop in the central region of NGC 253
Creators: name: Konishi, R.
name: Enokiya, R.
name: Fukui, Y.
name: Muraoka, K.
name: Tokuda, K.
name: Onishi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 253 is a starburst galaxy of SAB(s)c type with increasing interest because of its high activity at unrivaled closeness. Its energetic event is manifested as the vertical gas features in its central molecular zone, for which stellar feedback was proposed as the driving engine. In order to pursue details of the activity, we have undertaken a kinematic analysis of the ALMA archive data of $^{12}$CO($J$=3-2) emission at the highest resolution $\sim$3 pc. We revealed that one of the non-rotating gas components in the central molecular zone shows a loop-like structure of $\sim$200 pc radius. The loop-like structure is associated with a star cluster, whereas the cluster is not inside the loop-like structure and is not likely as the driver of the loop-like structure formation. Further, we find that the bar potential of NGC 253 seems to be too weak to drive the gas motion by the eccentric orbit. As an alternative, we frame a scenario that magnetic acceleration by the Parker instability is responsible for the creation of the loop-like structure. We show that the observed loop-like structure properties are similar to those in the Milky Way, and argue that recent magneto-hydrodynamics simulations lend support for the picture having the magnetic field strength of $\gtrsim$100 $μ$G. We suggest that cluster formation was triggered by the falling gas to the footpoint of the loop, which is consistent with a typical dynamical timescale of the loop $\sim$1 Myr.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted to ApJ
Account of the baryonic feedback effect in gamma-ray measurements of intergalactic magnetic fields
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Korochkin, Alexander
name: Neronov, Andrii
name: Semikoz, Dmitri
name: Sokolenko, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intergalactic magnetic fields in the voids of the large-scale structure can be probed via measurements of secondary gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray interactions with extragalactic background light. Lower bounds on the magnetic field in the voids were derived from the non-detection of this emission. It is not clear a priori what kind of magnetic field is responsible for the suppression of the secondary gamma-ray flux: a cosmological magnetic field that might be filling the voids or the field spread by galactic winds driven by star formation and active galactic nuclei. We used IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations to study the effect of magnetized galactic wind bubbles on the secondary gamma-ray flux. We show that within the IllustrisTNG model of baryonic feedback, the galactic wind bubbles typically provide energy-independent secondary flux suppression at the level of about 10%. The observed flux suppression effect has to be due to the cosmological magnetic field in the voids. This might not be the case for a special case when the primary gamma-ray source has a hard intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum that peaks in the energy range above 50 TeV. In this case, the observational data may be strongly affected by the magnetized bubble that is blown by the source host galaxy.
description: V2: 8 pages, 7 figures, minor changes in the text. Version accepted for publication in A&A
Novel aryl-substituted silanes Part II: Synthesis and characterization of diaryl silicon dihydrides
Creators: name: Binder, Judith
name: Fischer, Roland C.
name: Flock, Michaela
name: Hans-Georg Stammler
name: Torvisco, Ana
name: Uhlig, Frank
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A series of novel and previously published silicon dihydrides, R2SiH2 (R = benzyl, fluorenyl, p-tolyl, p-n-butyl, p-biphenyl, m-tolyl, o-tolyl, 2,4-xylyl, 2,6-xylyl, p-biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 9-anthracenyl), were synthesized and characterized using 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Effects of substituent bulk on 29Si NMR shifts are compared between reported silicon dihydrides species and novel dihydrides herein. In addition, single crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to elucidate the molecular structure of all solid silicon dihydrides and the at room temperature liquid p-tolyl2SiH2. These compounds display non-covalent intermolecular interactions in the form of edge to face, π−π stacking, and CH3···π interactions. The dependency of substituent type on the nature of interactions present will be highlighted and discussed.