cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Semi-External Memory Sparse Matrix Multiplication for Billion-Node Graphs
Creators: name: Zheng, Da
name: Mhembere, Disa
name: Lyzinski, Vince
name: Vogelstein, Joshua
name: Priebe, Carey E.
name: Burns, Randal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse matrix multiplication is traditionally performed in memory and scales to large matrices using the distributed memory of multiple nodes. In contrast, we scale sparse matrix multiplication beyond memory capacity by implementing sparse matrix dense matrix multiplication (SpMM) in a semi-external memory (SEM) fashion; i.e., we keep the sparse matrix on commodity SSDs and dense matrices in memory. Our SEM-SpMM incorporates many in-memory optimizations for large power-law graphs. It outperforms the in-memory implementations of Trilinos and Intel MKL and scales to billion-node graphs, far beyond the limitations of memory. Furthermore, on a single large parallel machine, our SEM-SpMM operates as fast as the distributed implementations of Trilinos using five times as much processing power. We also run our implementation in memory (IM-SpMM) to quantify the overhead of keeping data on SSDs. SEM-SpMM achieves almost 100% performance of IM-SpMM on graphs when the dense matrix has more than four columns; it achieves at least 65% performance of IM-SpMM on all inputs. We apply our SpMM to three important data analysis tasks--PageRank, eigensolving, and non-negative matrix factorization--and show that our SEM implementations significantly advance the state of the art.
description: published in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Commensurate and incommensurate double moiré interference in twisted trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Meng, Hai
name: Zhan, Zhen
name: Yuan, Shengjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted graphene multi-layers have been recently demonstrated to share several correlation-driven behaviours with twisted bilayer graphene. In general, the van Hove singularities (VHSs) can be used as a proxy of the tendency for correlated behaviours. In this paper, we adopt an atomistic method by combining tight-binding method with the semi-classical molecular dynamics to investigate the electronic structures of twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) with two independent twist angles. The two independent twist angles can lead to the interference of the moiré patterns forming a variety of commensurate/incommensurate complex supermoiré patterns. In particular, the lattice relaxation, twist angle and angle disorder effects on the VHS are discussed. We find that the lattice relaxation significantly influence the position and magnitude of the VHSs. In the supermoiré TTG, the moiré interference provides constructive or destructive effects depending on the relative twist angle. By modulating the two independent twist angles, novel superstructures, for instance, the Kagome-like lattice, could constructed via the moiré pattern. Moreover, we demonstrate that a slight change in twist angles (angle disorder) provides a significant suppression of the peak of the VHSs. Apart from the moiré length, the evolution of the VHSs and the LDOS mapping in real space could be used to identify the twist angles in the complicated TTG. In practice, our work could provide a guide for exploring the flat band behaviours in the supermoiré TTG experimentally.
Weight Stigma and Social Norms: Study Pre-Registration and Materials
Creators: name: Standen, Erin C.
name: Mann, Traci
name: Gilbert, Kiley
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: weight stigma; social norms

description: This page contains our pre-registered methods, hypotheses, planned analyses, and study materials for our weight stigma and social norms study.
Greening the Torah: the use of classical texts in Jewish environmentalist literature
Creators: name: Gindi, Joseph
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: In this study I examine how the deployment of Torah texts in the published Jewish environmentalist literature interacts with claims about the nature of Judaism and the environment and the particular practices of eco-Judaisms. Following an historical and theoretical introduction, the second chapter is an examination of the centrality of the charge that Genesis, and by extension all of Judaism, is the source of man's destructive attitude toward nature. I also explore the relationship between creation and nature, and the role of narrative in creating a Jewish environmental ethic. The following chapter is an examination of the use of the rabbinic category of Bal Tashchit (prohibition against wanton destruction) in Jewish environmental discourse. In this chapter I explore the presentation of Bal Tashchit by Jewish environmentalist authors and the relationship between law and narrative in their attempts to construct a Jewish environmental ethos.
Machine learning technique for morphological classification of galaxies from the SDSS. III. Image-based inference of detailed features
Creators: name: Khramtsov, V.
name: Vavilova, I. B.
name: Dobrycheva, D. V.
name: Vasylenko, M. Yu.
name: Melnyk, O. V.
name: Elyiv, A. A.
name: Akhmetov, V. S.
name: Dmytrenko, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper follows series of our works on the applicability of various machine learning methods to the morphological galaxy classification (Vavilova et al., 2021, 2022). We exploited the sample of 315776 SDSS DR9 galaxies with absolute stellar magnitudes of -24m
description: 42 pages, 4 tables, 13 figures, 122 references
Instruments for Measuring Well-Being Related to the Social and Cultural Environment Among Veterans: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Creators: name: Couban, Rachel
name: Busse, Jason
name: Torabiardakani, Kian
name: Darzi, Andrea
name: Bravo-Soto, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: social environments
subject: systematic review
subject: measurement
subject: Instruments
subject: tools
subject: psychometric properties
subject: veterans
subject: cultural environments

description: Introduction The shift from military service to civilian life can have significant impacts on veterans' well-being, particularly in the domain of social and cultural environment. Employing tools specifically designed for assessing this domain allows researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders to effectively measure the impact of various interventions. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and report on psychometric properties of instruments that measure the social and cultural environment domain and assess their applicability to veterans. Methods and analysis We will search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, PTSDpubs, AgeLine, Sociological and Social Science Abstracts for eligible studies of tools/instruments to measure the social and cultural environment of outpatient populations published from inception through July 7th, 2023. We will also explore reference lists of relevant articles to identify additional eligible studies. Two reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction and risk of bias (using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments [COSMIN] tool) independently and in duplicate. We will describe the characteristics of eligible studies and compare identified tools using narrative synthesis. Ethics and dissemination Obtaining research ethics approval will not be necessary for conducting this systematic review, as it does not involve the access or utilization of individual patient data. Our aim is to circulate our findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at relevant conferences.
Ecology of feral cats, Felis catus L, in an urban parkland environment
Creators: name: Amansyah, Sal
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The Lane Cove River Valley and its surrounding region is an integral ecological component of the Lane Cove River National Park. It is important for the survival of sustainable populations of several species of mammals including predator species such as feral cats, birds, other vertebrates, and several species of invertebrates. A combination of radio-tracking, visual observation techniques and scat analysis of feral cats was undertaken between December 1995 and April 1997 in this area. This study was conducted in order to provide information on the home ranges, diet and activity of feral cats in an urban environment. In this study, two methods were used to analyse home range areas: minimum convex polygons and the adaptive kernel, utilising 95%, 90%, 60%, and 50% isopleths. Based on the 95% isopleth, it was confirmed that overall mean home range areas were not significantly different between males and females. This could be the result of limited animals studied, limited time spent tracking for two males due to removal by local people or the nature of the surrounding study area such as its specific habitat and food availability. Based on mean monthly distance travelled, however, males showed greater range areas than females. It was also confirmed that differences in distance travelled occurred among two females. On the basis of scat analysis, mainly on the identification of mammalian hair, together with conventional methods of direct observation, feral cat was found to use a wide dietary range. The major food categories in terms of percentage occurrence were mammals (80%), herbage materials (43%), household refuse (22%). Of those 80% containing mammal remains, rabbit was the most common prey item (18%), followed by the ringtail possum (16%), black rat (14%), and southern bushrat and house mouse both comprised (8%). Scat analysis was able to detect the presence of the uncommon or inconspicuous species on two occasion, possibly the water rat. Non-mammalian items for the feral cat were birds (18%), insects (28%), other vertebrates (2%). Finally, feral cats in this study were nocturnal although several daily movements were recorded. The percentage of time used varied with individual and hour of the night. Activity was mostly bimodal with peaks occurring between 20.00h and 23.00h and at early morning. Activity levels for males was greater in late summer while females showed increased activity in winter.
A stabilized 18 GHz chip-scale optical frequency comb at 2.8x10-16 relative inaccuracy
Creators: name: Huang, S. -W.
name: Yang, J.
name: Yu, M.
name: McGuyer, B. H.
name: Kwong, D. -L.
name: Zelevinsky, T.
name: Wong, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical frequency combs, coherent light sources that connect optical frequencies with microwave oscillations, have become the enabling tool for precision spectroscopy, optical clockwork and attosecond physics over the past decades. Current benchmark systems are self-referenced femtosecond mode-locked lasers, but four-wave-mixing in high-Q resonators have emerged as alternative platforms. Here we report the generation and full stabilization of CMOS-compatible optical frequency combs. The spiral microcomb's two degrees-of-freedom, one of the comb line and the native 18 GHz comb spacing, are first simultaneously phase-locked to known optical and microwave references. Second, with pump power control, active comb spacing stabilization improves the long-term stability by six orders-of-magnitude, reaching an instrument-limited 3.6 mHz/sqrt(t) residual instability. Third, referencing thirty-three of the nitride frequency comb lines against a fiber comb, we demonstrate the comb tooth-to-tooth frequency relative inaccuracy down to 53 mHz and 2.8x10-16, heralding unprecedented chip-scale applications in precision spectroscopy, coherent communications, and astronomical spectrography.
The anomalous shift of the weak boson mass and the quintessence electroweak axion
Creators: name: Lin, Weikang
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
name: Yokozaki, Norimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the simplest ways to account for the observed W-boson mass shift is to introduce the $SU(2)_L$ triplet Higgs boson with zero hypercharge, whose vacuum expectation value is about 3 GeV. If the triplet is heavy enough at $\mathcal{O}(1)$ TeV, it essentially contributes only to $T$ parameter without any conflict to the observation. The presence of a complex triplet Higgs boson raises the $SU(2)_L$ gauge coupling constant to $α_2(M_{\rm PL} )\simeq 1/44$ at the Planck scale. Thanks to this larger gauge coupling constant, we show that the electroweak axion vacuum energy explains the observed cosmological constant provided that the axion field is located near the hill top of the potential at present.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, corrected typos, version to appear in "Communications in Theoretical Physics"
Single-cell RNA-seq data of fibroblast in non-small lung cancer
Creators: name: 刘洋(LiuYang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate
Medical

description: We collected samples from 19 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, including tumors and paired near tumor and normal tissues for a total of 44 samples. A total of 39 samples from 16 patients including tumors and paired near tumor and normal tissues were digested into single-cell suspensions, and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed using the BGI-DNBelab C4 single-cell platform. A total of 6 samples from 4 patients, including tumors and paired near tumor and normal tissues, were OCT-embedded, followed by spatial transcriptome sequencing using BGI-Stereo-seq technology.
What Makes or Breaks Fieldwork?: Exploring Factors Which Influence Student Experience and Pedagogical Effectiveness
Creators: name: Adrian Remigio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: pedagogical effectiveness
geological fieldwork
student experience
natural sciences

description: Fieldwork within natural sciences offer numerous student benefits, including solidifying higher-order thinking, transferable skills, and analytical reasoning. Despite these benefits which supplement classroom learning, many students have reservations or choose not to participate. An interview and questionnaire were administered to undergraduate students taking the Spring 2023 geological field techniques class at California State University, Fullerton. Questions analyzed how perceptions of self-efficacy, identity as a geologist, and sense of belonging changed throughout the class, as well as how comfort and preparedness affected the students’ experience. Over 50% of post-course participants mentioned class topics as problematic, stating they would like more guidance on the subjects and assignments. Factors related to sense of belonging declined from 94% in pre-course to 75% in post-course, with students expressing concern about knowledge on assignments, what to bring, and the conditions of working outside. While students felt confident in the instructors and improved geological techniques, the lack of preparation for working outdoors and feeling lost on assignments negatively impacted their experience. Future renditions of this course and other classes across multiple disciplines can benefit from focusing pre-field class time on preparing for field assignments, situations one may encounter, and how to prepare for them.
The Evolution, Controversies and Implications of “the supremacy of God” in the Canadian Constitution
Creators: name: Holmes, Brooklyn
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Supremacy of God
subject: Canada
subject: Rights
subject: Preamble
subject: Freedoms
subject: Constitution
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Politics
subject: Charter of Rights and Freedoms
subject: Critical Religion

description: Within the field of religious studies, the definition of religion is constantly debated. While subjective definitions of this concept may be useful in day to day conversation, what happens when “religion” and other religious language is mentioned in constitutionally entrenched documents and policies? Drawing on critical theory, this thesis examines the biases associated with the the protection of freedom of religion and the preamble to Canada’s constitution which states that, “Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and rule of law”.
Enhanced dispersion in an oscillating array of harmonic traps
Creators: name: Barakat, Joseph M.
name: Takatori, Sho C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiment, theory, and simulation are employed to understand the dispersion of colloidal particles in a periodic array of oscillating harmonic traps generated by optical tweezers. In the presence of trap oscillation, a non-monotonic and anisotropic dispersion is observed. Surprisingly, the stiffest traps produce the largest dispersion at a critical frequency, and the particles diffuse significantly faster in the direction of oscillation than those undergoing passive Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland diffusion. Theoretical predictions for the effective diffusivity of the particles as a function of trap stiffness and oscillation frequency are developed using generalized Taylor dispersion theory and Brownian dynamics simulations. Both theory and simulation demonstrate excellent agreement with the experiments, and reveal a new ``slingshot'' mechanism that predicts a significant enhancement of colloidal diffusion in dynamic external fields.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 15 pages supplemental material
Holographic measurement and bulk teleportation
Creators: name: Antonini, Stefano
name: Bentsen, Gregory
name: Cao, ChunJun
name: Harper, Jonathan
name: Jian, Shao-Kai
name: Swingle, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holography has taught us that spacetime is emergent and its properties depend on the entanglement structure of the dual theory. In this paper, we describe how changes in the entanglement due to a local projective measurement (LPM) on a subregion $A$ of the boundary theory modify the bulk dual spacetime. We find that LPMs destroy portions of the bulk geometry, yielding post-measurement bulk spacetimes dual to the complementary unmeasured region $A^c$ that are cut off by end-of-the-world branes. Using a bulk calculation in $AdS_3$ and tensor network models of holography, we show that the portions of the bulk geometry that are preserved after the measurement depend on the size of $A$ and the state we project onto. The post-measurement bulk dual to $A^c$ includes regions that were originally part of the entanglement wedge of $A$ prior to measurement. This suggests that LPMs performed on a boundary subregion $A$ teleport part of the bulk information originally encoded in $A$ into the complementary region $A^c$. In semiclassical holography an arbitrary amount of bulk information can be teleported in this way, while in tensor network models the teleported information is upper-bounded by the amount of entanglement shared between $A$ and $A^c$ due to finite-$N$ effects. When $A$ is the union of two disjoint subregions, the measurement triggers an entangled/disentangled phase transition between the remaining two unmeasured subregions, corresponding to a connected/disconnected phase transition in the bulk description. Our results shed new light on the effects of measurement on the entanglement structure of holographic theories and give insight on how bulk information can be manipulated from the boundary theory. They could also be extended to more general quantum systems and tested experimentally, and represent a first step towards a holographic description of measurement-induced phase transitions.
description: 60 pages + appendices, 27 figures
Energy dependence of fluctuations in p+p and Be+Be collisions from NA61/SHINE
Creators: name: Andronov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main aims of the NA61/SHINE experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and to study properties of the onset of deconfinement. For this goal a two dimensional scan of the phase diagram (T-$μ_{B}$) is being performed at the SPS with measurements of hadron production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and system size. It is expected that fluctuations of various dynamical quantities will increase close to the critical point. In this contribution recent results of measurements of fluctuations in p+p and Be+Be collisions at SPS energies are presented as well as comparisons with model predictions and corresponding data of other experiments are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, To appear in the proceedings of SQM-2015
Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy of Intersystem Crossing in Hexafluoroacetylacetone: Chromophore Photophysics and Spectral Changes in the Face of Electron Withdrawing Groups
Creators: name: Haugen, Eric A.
name: Hait, Diptarka
name: Scutelnic, Valeriu
name: Xue, Tian
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
name: Leone, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intersystem crossings between singlet and triplet states represent a crucial relaxation pathway in photochemical processes. Herein, we probe the intersystem crossing in hexafluoro-acetylacetone with ultrafast X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge. We observe the excited state dynamics following excitation with 266 nm UV light to the $^1ππ^{*}$ (S$_2$) state with element and site-specificity using a broadband soft X-ray pulse produced by high harmonic generation. These results are compared to X-ray spectra computed from orbital optimized density functional theory methods. It is found that the electron withdrawing fluorine atoms decongest the X-ray absorption spectrum by enhancing separation between features originating from different carbon atoms. This facilitates the elucidation of structural and electronic dynamics at the chromophore. The evolution of the core-to-valence resonances at the carbon K-edge reveals an ultrafast population transfer between the $^1nπ^{*}$ (S$_1$) and $^3ππ^{*}$ (T$_1$) states on a $1.6\pm0.4$ ps timescale, which is similar to the 1.5 ps timescale earlier observed for acetylacetone [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 16576 (2017)]. It therefore appears that terminal fluorination has little influence on the intersystem crossing rate of the acetylacetone chromophore. In addition, the significant role of hydrogen-bond opened and twisted rotational isomers is elucidated in the excited state dynamics by comparison of the experimental transient X-ray spectra with theory.
Getting back what you put in: the perceived reality of online interactions
Creators: name: Clark, Jenna Leigh
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Past research on the consequences of online social interactions demonstrates a wealth of contradictions; however, incorporating attitudes as a predictor of specific online behaviors may clarify when online interactions are beneficial and when they are detrimental. Study 1 examined the perceived reality of online interactions (PROI; the extent to which an individual views online interactions as suitable for the maintenance and formation of close relationships) as a predictor of perceived social support from online sources. Although PROI was not successfully experimentally manipulated, it was a significant predictor of perceived social support from online sources across both student and Amazon Mechanical Turk populations. A second experiment manipulated PROI to examine its effect on expected positive outcomes in a hypothetical online interaction. Measured PROI but not manipulated PROI significantly influenced expected positive outcomes, and this effect was mediated via willingness to self-disclose and to provide social support.
A two-component vector WIMP -- fermion FIMP dark matter model with an extended seesaw mechanism
Creators: name: Costa, Francesco
name: Khan, Sarif
name: Kim, Jinsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an extension of the Standard Model that explains the neutrino masses and has a rich dark matter phenomenology. The model has two dark matter candidates, a vector WIMP and a fermion FIMP, and the sum of their relic densities matches the total dark matter abundance. We extensively study the dark matter production mechanisms and its connection with the neutrino sector, together with various bounds from present and future experiments. The extra scalar field in the model may induce a first-order phase transition in the early Universe. We study the production of stochastic gravitational waves associated with the first-order phase transition. We show that the phase transition can be strong, and thus the model may satisfy one of the necessary conditions for a successful electroweak baryogenesis. Detectability of the phase transition-associated gravitational waves is also discussed.
description: v1: 42 pages; v2: 47 pages, analysis and discussion improved, references updated, typos corrected, accepted for publication in JHEP
Electric-field-induced superconductivity in electrochemically-etched ultrathin FeSe films on SrTiO3 and MgO
Creators: name: Shiogai, J.
name: Ito, Y.
name: Mitsuhashi, T.
name: Nojima, T.
name: Tsukazaki, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the recently discovered iron-based superconductors, ultrathin films of FeSe grown on SrTiO3 substrates have uniquely evolved into a high superconducting-transition-temperature (TC) material. The mechanisms for the high-TC superconductivity are ongoing debate mainly with the superconducting gap characterized with in-situ analysis for FeSe films grown by bottom-up molecular-beam epitaxy. Here, we demonstrate the alternative access to investigate the high-TC superconductivity in ultrathin FeSe with top-down electrochemical etching technique in three-terminal transistor configuration. In addition to the high-TC FeSe on SrTiO3, the electrochemically etched ultrathin FeSe transistor on MgO also exhibits superconductivity around 40 K, implying that the application of electric-field effectively contributes to the high-TC superconductivity in ultrathin FeSe regardless of substrate material. Moreover, the observable critical thickness for the high-TC superconductivity is expanded up to 10-unit-cells under applying electric-field and the insulator-superconductor transition is electrostatically controlled. The present demonstration implies that the electric-field effect on both conduction and valence bands plays a crucial role for inducing high-TC superconductivity in FeSe.
unTimely: a Full-sky, Time-Domain unWISE Catalog
Creators: name: Meisner, A. M.
name: Caselden, D.
name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Kiwy, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the unTimely Catalog, a deep time-domain catalog of detections based on Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and NEOWISE observations spanning the 2010 through 2020 time period. Detections are extracted from 'time-resolved unWISE coadds', which stack together each biannual sky pass of WISE imaging to create a set of ~16 all-sky maps (per band), each much deeper and cleaner than individual WISE exposures. unTimely incorporates the W1 (3.4 micron) and W2 (4.6 micron) channels, meaning that our data set effectively consists of ~32 full-sky unWISE catalogs. We run the crowdsource crowded-field point source photometry pipeline (Schlafly et al. 2018) on each epochal coadd independently, with low detection thresholds: S/N = 4.0 (2.5) in W1 (W2). In total, we tabulate and publicly release 23.5 billion (19.9 billion) detections at W1 (W2). unTimely is ~1.3 mag deeper than the WISE/NEOWISE Single Exposure Source Tables near the ecliptic, with further enhanced depth toward higher ecliptic latitudes. The unTimely Catalog is primarily designed to enable novel searches for faint, fast-moving objects, such as Y dwarfs and/or late-type (T/Y) subdwarfs in the Milky Way's thick disk or halo. unTimely will also facilitate other time-domain science applications, such as all-sky studies of quasar variability at mid-infrared wavelengths over a decade-long time baseline.
description: version accepted by AAS Journals; added discussion of unTimely Catalog Explorer tool, see https://github.com/fkiwy/unTimely_Catalog_explorer
Three-loop corrections to the quark and gluon decomposition of the QCD trace anomaly and their applications
Creators: name: Tanaka, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the QCD energy-momentum tensor $T^{μν}$, the terms that contribute to physical matrix elements are expressed as the sum of the gauge-invariant quark part and gluon part. Each part undergoes the renormalization due to the interactions among quarks and gluons, although the total tensor $T^{μν}$ is not renormalized thanks to conservation of energy and momentum. We show that, through the renormalization, each of the quark and gluon parts of $T^{μν}$ receives a definite amount of anomalous trace contribution, such that their sum reproduces the well-known QCD trace anomaly. We provide a procedure to derive such anomalous trace contribution for each quark/gluon part to all orders in perturbation theory, and obtain the corresponding explicit formulas up to three-loop order in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme in the dimensional regularization. We apply our three-loop formulas of the quark/gluon decomposition of the trace anomaly to calculate the anomaly-induced mass structure of nucleons as well as pions. Another application of our three-loop formulas is a quantitative analysis for the constraints on the twist-four gravitational form factors of the nucleon, $\bar{C}_{q,g}$.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021). JPS Conference Proceedings
MAXI J1820+070 X-ray spectral-timing reveals the nature of the accretion flow in black hole binaries
Creators: name: Kawamura, Tenyo
name: Done, Chris
name: Axelsson, Magnus
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole X-ray binaries display significant stochastic variability on short time-scales (0.01-100 seconds), with a complex pattern of lags in correlated variability seen in different energy bands. This behaviour is generally interpreted in a model where slow fluctuations stirred up at large radii propagate down through the accretion flow, modulating faster fluctuations generated at smaller radii. Coupling this scenario with radially-stratified emission opens the way to measure the propagation time-scale from data, allowing direct tests of the accretion flow structure. We previously developed a model based on this picture and showed that it could fit NICER (0.5-10 keV) data from the brightest recent black hole transient, MAXI J1820+070. However, here we show it fails when extrapolated to higher energy variability data from Insight-HXMT. We extend our model so that the spectrum emitted at each radius changes shape in response to fluctuations (pivoting) rather than just changing normalisation. This gives the strong suppression of fractional variability as a function of energy seen in the data. The derived propagation time-scale is slower than predicted by a magnetically arrested disc (MAD), despite this system showing a strong jet. Our new model jointly fits the spectrum and variability up to 50 keV, though still cannot match all the data above this. Nonetheless, the good fit for 3-40 keV means the QPO can most easily be explained as an extrinsic modulation of the flow, such as produced in Lense-Thirring precession, rather than arising in an additional spectral-timing component such as the jet.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Probing Early Universe Supercooled Phase Transitions with Gravitational Wave Data
Creators: name: Badger, Charles
name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Martinovic, Katarina
name: Romero, Alba
name: Turbang, Kevin
name: Guo, Huai-Ke
name: Mariotti, Alberto
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Sevrin, Alexander
name: Yang, Feng-Wei
name: Zhao, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the reach of the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA detectors in the search for signatures of first-order phase transitions in the early Universe. Utilising data from the first three observing runs, we derive constraints on the parameters of the underlying gravitational-wave background, focusing on transitions characterised by strong supercooling. As an application of our analysis, we determine bounds on the parameter space of two representative particle physics models. We also comment on the expected reach of third-generation detectors in probing supercooled phase transitions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Cosmic Reionization On Computers: Baryonic Effects on Halo Concentrations During the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Zhu, Hanjue
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryons both increase halo concentration through adiabatic contraction and expel mass through feedback processes. However, it is not well understood how the radiation fields prevalent during the epoch of reionization affect the evolution of concentration in dark matter halos. We investigate how baryonic physics during the epoch of reionization modify the structure of dark matter halos in the Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) simulations. We use two different measures of halo concentration to quantify the effects. We compare concentrations of halos matched between full physics simulations and dark-matter-only simulations with identical initial conditions between $5 \leq z \leq 9$. Baryons in full physics simulations do pull matter towards the center, increasing the maximum circular velocity compared to dark-matter-only simulations. However, their overall effects are much less than if all the baryons were simply centrally concentrated indicating that heating processes efficiently counteract cooling effects. Finally, we show that the baryonic effects on halo concentrations at $z\approx5$ are relatively insensitive to environmental variations of reionization history. These results are pertinent to models of galaxy-halo connection during the epoch of reionization.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, comments are welcome
Cocoon breakout and escape from the ejecta of neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Hamidani, Hamid
name: Ioka, Kunihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cocoon is an inevitable product of a jet propagating through ambient matter, and takes a fair fraction of the jet energy. In short gamma-ray bursts, the ambient matter is the ejecta from the merger of neutron stars, expanding with a high velocity $\sim 0.2 c$, in contrast to the static stellar envelope in collapsars. Using 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with the ejecta density profile as $ρ\propto r^{-2}$, we find that the expansion makes a big difference; only 0.5--5\% of the cocoon mass escapes from (faster than) the ejecta, with an opening angle $20^{\circ}$--$30^{\circ}$, while it is $\sim 100\%$ and spherical in collapsars. We also analytically obtain the shares of mass and energies for the escaped and trapped cocoons. Because the mass of the escaped cocoon is small and the trapped cocoon is concealed by the ejecta and the escaped cocoon, we conclude that it is unlikely that the cocoon emission was observed as a counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW170817.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, and 2 tables. Submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Further Examination of the Prosocial Advantage in Memory
Creators: name: Levy, Pauline Urban
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: In this investigation, we further examine memory for social targets who engage in prosocial behaviors. Prior work has found enhanced memory for cheating behaviors, which suggests some types of behaviors are more memorable than others. Researchers in this domain (i.e., cheating) have argued that this effect occurs because people want to avoid others who may cheat them in the future. A similar memory advantage has been found for prosocial behaviors, possibly because people may want to remember others who may help them in the future. This past work that has found this prosocial effect in memory, however, did not control for the positive valence of prosocial behaviors which could have been a possible confounding factor (i.e., the positive nature of prosocial behaviors could be driving the prosocial memory effect). The current investigation aims to further explore the prosocial memory advantage as well as to investigate the impact that positive valence may have on this memory effect. Participants were asked to form impressions of social targets paired with either prosocial behaviors or with control behaviors (non-prosocial positive or non-prosocial neutral). Participants then completed a memory task where they were asked to remember both their impressions (i.e., impression memory) and the behaviors paired with targets (i.e., behavior memory). Results did not support prior findings of a prosocial memory advantage as measured by either impression or behavior memory. Specifically, there was no significant difference in impression memory across the different types of behaviors (prosocial, non-prosocial positive, non-prosocial neutral). Interestingly, behavior memory was significantly better for non-prosocial neutral behaviors compared to both the prosocial and non-prosocial positive behaviors. Overall, these results are contrary to past work finding a prosocial advantage in memory.
Neural network for determining an asteroid mineral composition from reflectance spectra
Creators: name: Korda, David
name: Penttilä, Antti
name: Klami, Arto
name: Kohout, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chemical and mineral compositions of asteroids reflect the formation and history of our Solar System. This knowledge is also important for planetary defence and in-space resource utilisation. We aim to develop a fast and robust neural-network-based method for deriving the mineral modal and chemical compositions of silicate materials from their visible and near-infrared spectra. The method should be able to process raw spectra without significant pre-processing. We designed a convolutional neural network with two hidden layers for the analysis of the spectra, and trained it using labelled reflectance spectra. For the training, we used a dataset that consisted of reflectance spectra of real silicate samples stored in the RELAB and C-Tape databases, namely olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, their mixtures, and olivine-pyroxene-rich meteorites. We used the model on two datasets. First, we evaluated the model reliability on a test dataset where we compared the model classification with known compositional reference values. The individual classification results are mostly within 10 percentage-point intervals around the correct values. Second, we classified the reflectance spectra of S-complex (Q-type and V-type, also including A-type) asteroids with known Bus-DeMeo taxonomy classes. The predicted mineral chemical composition of S-type and Q-type asteroids agree with the chemical composition of ordinary chondrites. The modal abundances of V-type and A-type asteroids show a dominant contribution of orthopyroxene and olivine, respectively. Additionally, our predictions of the mineral modal composition of S-type and Q-type asteroids show an apparent depletion of olivine related to the attenuation of its diagnostic absorptions with space weathering. This trend is consistent with previous results of the slower pyroxene response to space weathering relative to olivine.
description: main text: 12 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables; appendix: 8 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables
Managing urban water resources in Sydney: integrating science with the role of local government policy, planning and implementation
Creators: name: Davies, Peter John
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis examines the management of urban water resources in Sydney from a local government perspective. It describes and evaluates the assumptions and practices underpinning various aspects of urban water policy, planning, engineering and environmental management from an applied, practical perspective. The research and case studies comprising this thesis centre on the Ku-ring-gai local government area in northern Sydney, Australia, where I have been the sustainability and planning manager for almost 10 years. These case studies detail projects I have initiated and led, and showcase the multidisciplinary approach advocated for in this thesis.
Fast and accurate predictions of the nonlinear matter power spectrum for general models of Dark Energy and Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Bose, B.
name: Tsedrik, M.
name: Kennedy, J.
name: Lombriser, L.
name: Pourtsidou, A.
name: Taylor, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We embed linear and nonlinear parametrisations of beyond standard cosmological physics in the halo model reaction framework, providing a model-independent prescription for the nonlinear matter power spectrum. As an application, we focus on Horndeski theories, using the Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy (EFTofDE) to parameterise linear and quasi-nonlinear perturbations. In the nonlinear regime we investigate both a nonlinear parameterised-post Friedmannian (nPPF) approach as well as a physically motivated and approximate phenomenological model based on the error function (Erf). We compare the parameterised approaches' predictions of the nonlinear matter power spectrum to the exact solutions, as well as state-of-the-art emulators, in an evolving dark energy scenario and two well studied modified gravity models, finding sub-percent agreement in the reaction using the Erf model at $z\leq1$ and $k\leq 5~h/{\rm Mpc}$. This suggests only an additional 3 free constants, above the background and linear theory parameters, are sufficient to model nonlinear, non-standard cosmology in the matter power spectrum at scales down to $k \leq 3h~/{\rm Mpc}$ within $2\%$ accuracy. We implement the parametrisations into ver.2.0 of the ReACT code.
description: Journal accepted version. 21 pages, 10 figures. Download ReACT v2: https://github.com/nebblu/ACTio-ReACTio
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV pilus-associated protein PilY1 is required for stable fiber formation and host attachment
Creators: name: Heiniger, Ryan William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and the primary pathogen associated with chronic respiratory infection in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). P. aeruginosa pathogenesis involves a wide variety of virulence factors; including secreted toxins, Type II and type III secretion systems, quorum sensing, biofilms, flagellum, and Type IV pili (TFP). TFP are long surface fibers composed primarily of pilin subunits, and are known to function in both a specialized form of movement known as twitching motility and attachment to host cells and tissues. An exposed epitope on the terminal pilin subunit of TFP is believed to mediate P. aeruginosa binding to host glycosphingolipids. We hypothesized that PilY1, a putative minor pilus-associated protein, may play a direct role in TFP-dependent bacterial adherence due to its homology to a known TFP-associated adhesin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, PilC. We confirmed a previous report that pilY1 is required for pilus biogenesis, though this requirement is dependant on the presence of PilT. We demonstrated PilY1 is required for adherence to injured Human Airway Epithelial (HAE) cells, indicating a potential role as a TFP-associated adhesin. This adherence requires the association of PilY1 with surface TFP fibers, a process that involves a set of pilin-like proteins (FimU, PilV, PilW, PilX, and PilE). Overall, our results indicate that adherence of P. aeruginosa to host cell requires both TFP and PilY1 and that PilY1 is a bi-functional protein with distinct roles in TFP biogenesis and adherence.