cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automated pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization in videofluoroscopic swallowing study: Killing two birds with one stone?
Creators: name: Bandini, Andrea
name: Smaoui, Sana
name: Steele, Catriona M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is a gold-standard imaging technique for assessing swallowing, but analysis and rating of VFSS recordings is time consuming and requires specialized training and expertise. Researchers have recently demonstrated that it is possible to automatically detect the pharyngeal phase of swallowing and to localize the bolus in VFSS recordings via computer vision, fostering the development of novel techniques for automatic VFSS analysis. However, training of algorithms to perform these tasks requires large amounts of annotated data that are seldom available. We demonstrate that the challenges of pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization can be solved together using a single approach. We propose a deep-learning framework that jointly tackles pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization in a weakly-supervised manner, requiring only the initial and final frames of the pharyngeal phase as ground truth annotations for the training. Our approach stems from the observation that bolus presence in the pharynx is the most prominent visual feature upon which to infer whether individual VFSS frames belong to the pharyngeal phase. We conducted extensive experiments with multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on a dataset of 1245 bolus-level clips from 59 healthy subjects. We demonstrated that the pharyngeal phase can be detected with an F1-score higher than 0.9. Moreover, by processing the class activation maps of the CNNs, we were able to localize the bolus with promising results, obtaining correlations with ground truth trajectories higher than 0.9, without any manual annotations of bolus location used for training purposes. Once validated on a larger sample of participants with swallowing disorders, our framework will pave the way for the development of intelligent tools for VFSS analysis to support clinicians in swallowing assessment.
Unintended consequences of imprecise Notation -- an example from mechanics
Creators: name: Gangopadhyaya, Asim
name: Ramsey, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a conundrum that results from the imprecise use of notation for partial derivatives. Taking an example from mechanics, we show that lack of proper care in representing partial derivatives in Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations paradoxically leads to two different values for the time derivative of the canonical momentum. This problem also exists in other areas of physics, such as thermodynamics.
Remarks on Hubble Induced Mass from Fermion Kinetic Term
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Takesako, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the effective mass of a scalar field which interacts with visible sector via Planck-suppressed coupling in supergravity framework. We focus on the radiation-dominated (RD) era after inflation and the contribution from a fermionic field in the thermal bath. We find that, in RD era, the fermion kinetic term gives the effective mass of the order of Hubble scale to the scalar field.
description: 8 pages, v2: minor corrections made, published in PLB
Universality in long-distance geometry and quantum complexity
Creators: name: Brown, Adam R.
name: Freedman, Michael H.
name: Lin, Henry W.
name: Susskind, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In physics, two systems that radically differ at short scales can exhibit strikingly similar macroscopic behaviour: they are part of the same long-distance universality class. Here we apply this viewpoint to geometry and initiate a program of classifying homogeneous metrics on group manifolds by their long-distance properties. We show that many metrics on low-dimensional Lie groups have markedly different short-distance properties but nearly identical distance functions at long distances, and provide evidence that this phenomenon is even more robust in high dimensions. An application of these ideas of particular interest to physics and computer science is complexity geometry--the study of quantum computational complexity using Riemannian geometry. We argue for the existence of a large universality class of definitions of quantum complexity, each linearly related to the other, a much finer-grained equivalence than typically considered. We conjecture that a new effective metric emerges at larger complexities that describes a broad class of complexity geometries, insensitive to various choices of microscopic penalty factors. We discuss the implications for recent conjectures in quantum gravity.
description: v2: journal version. new title (previously "Effective Geometry, Complexity, and Universality")
Entropy and temperatures of Nariai black hole
Creators: name: Eune, Myungseok
name: Kim, Wontae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical entropy of the Nariai black hole in a thermal equilibrium is calculated by using the brick-wall method. Even if the temperature depends on the choice of the time-like Killing vector, the entropy can be written by the ordinary area law which agrees with the Wald entropy. We discuss some physical consequences of this result and the properties of the temperatures.
description: 12 pages, no figure
Non-linear change in body condition score over lifetime is associated with breed in dairy cows in Germany
Creators: name: Zablotski, Yury
name: Knubben-Schweizer, Gabriela
name: Hoedemaker, Martina
name: Campe, Amely
name: Müller, Kerstin
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Dopfer, Dorte
name: Oehm, Andreas W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Body condition
subject: Overconditioning
subject: Underconditioning
subject: Simmental cattle
subject: Brown Swiss cattle
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Optimal body condition is crucial for the well-being and optimal productivity of dairy cows. However, body condition depends on numerous, often interacting factors, with complex relationships between them. Moreover, most of the studies describe the body condition in Holstein cattle, while condition of some breeds, e.g. Simmental (SIM) and Brown Swiss (BS) cattle, have not been intensively studied yet. Body condition score (BCS) proved to be one of the most effective measures for monitoring body condition in dairy cows. Alterations in BCS were previously mainly studied over a single lactation period, while changes over the lifetime were largely ignored. This study was designed to report BCS of German SIM and BS cows in the light of the broadly accepted BCS in German Holstein (GH) cows and to explore patterns of change in BCS over the productive lifetime of animals. BCS was modeled via linear mixed effects regression, over- and undercondition of animals were studied using mixed effects logistic regressions and condition of animals was explored with the multinomial log-linear model via neural networks. All models included an interaction between breed and age. We found BCS of SIM and BS to be higher than BCS of GH. Our results show that BCS of BS cows did not change over the lifetime. In contrast, the BCS of GH and SIM was found to have a non-linear (quadratic) shape, where BCS increased up to the years of highest productivity and then decreased in aging cows. Patterns of change between SIM and GH, however, differed. GH do not only reach their highest BCS earlier in life compared to SIM, but also start to lose their body condition earlier. Our dataset revealed that 23% of the animals scored were over- and 14% underconditioned. The proportion of cows that were overconditioned was high (>10% of cows) for every breed and every age, while severe underconditioning (>10% of cows) occurred only in middle aged and old GH. Moreover, we found that the probability of underconditioning of animals over lifetime increases, while the overconditioning decreases from the middle to older ages. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the non-linear nature of BCS, and uncover the potential opportunity for improving the performance and welfare of dairy cows by adjusting their nutrition, not only during lactation, but also highly specific to breed and age.
Direct evaluation of pure graph state entanglement
Creators: name: Hajdušek, Michal
name: Murao, Mio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of quantifying entanglement in pure graph states. Evaluation of multipartite entanglement measures is extremely hard for most pure quantum states. In this paper we demonstrate how solving one problem in graph theory, namely the identification of maximum independent set, allows us to evaluate three multipartite entanglement measures for pure graph states. We construct the minimal linear decomposition into product states for a large group of pure graph states, allowing us to evaluate the Schmidt measure. Furthermore we show that computation of distance-like measures such as relative entropy of entanglement and geometric measure becomes tractable for these states by explicit construction of closest separable and closest product states respectively. We show how these separable states can be described using stabiliser formalism as well as PEPs-like construction. Finally we discuss the way in which introducing noise to the system can optimally destroy entanglement.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Slicing and Dicing: Optimal Coarse-Grained Representation to Preserve Molecular Kinetics
Creators: name: Yang, Wangfei
name: Templeton, Clark
name: Rosenberger, David
name: Bittracher, Andreas
name: Nüske, Feliks
name: Noé, Frank
name: Clementi, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Energy
subject: Entropy
subject: Optimization
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The aim of molecular coarse-graining approaches is to recover relevant physical properties of the molecular system via a lower-resolution model that can be more efficiently simulated. Ideally, the lower resolution still accounts for the degrees of freedom necessary to recover the correct physical behavior. The selection of these degrees of freedom has often relied on the scientist’s chemical and physical intuition. In this article, we make the argument that in soft matter contexts desirable coarse-grained models accurately reproduce the long-time dynamics of a system by correctly capturing the rare-event transitions. We propose a bottom-up coarse-graining scheme that correctly preserves the relevant slow degrees of freedom, and we test this idea for three systems of increasing complexity. We show that in contrast to this method existing coarse-graining schemes such as those from information theory or structure-based approaches are not able to recapitulate the slow time scales of the system.
Free fermions, KdV charges, generalised Gibbs ensembles and modular transforms
Creators: name: Downing, Max
name: Watts, Gerard M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the modular properties of generalised Gibbs ensembles in the Ising model, realised as a theory of one free massless fermion. The Gibbs ensembles are given by adding chemical potentials to chiral charges corresponding to the KdV conserved quantities. (They can also be thought of as simple models for extended characters for W-algebras). The eigenvalues and Gibbs ensembles for the charges can be easily calculated exactly using their expression as bilinears in the fermion fields. We re-derive the constant term in the charges, previously found by zeta-function regularisation, from modular properties. We expand the Gibbs ensembles as a power series in the chemical potentials and find the modular properties of the corresponding expectation values of polynomials of KdV charges. This leads us to an asymptotic expansion of the Gibbs ensemble calculated in the opposite channel. We obtain the same asymptotic expansion using Dijkgraaf's results for chiral partition functions. By considering the corresponding TBA calculation, we are led to a conjecture for the exact closed-form expression of the GGE in the opposite channel. This has the form of a trace over multiple copies of the fermion Fock space. We give analytic and numerical evidence supporting our conjecture.
description: 36 pages, 3 figures. Typos corrected
A New Thiolate-Bound Dimanganese Cluster as a Structural and Functional Model for Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reductases
Creators: name: Battistella, Beatrice
name: Lohmiller, Thomas
name: Cula, Beatrice
name: Hildebrandt, Peter
name: Kuhlmann, Uwe
name: Dau, Holger
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Ray, Kallol
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bioinorganic Chemistry
subject: Dimanganese Cofactor
subject: Enzyme Models
subject: Phenol Oxidation
subject: Ribonucleotide Reductases
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In class Ib ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) a dimanganese(II) cluster activates superoxide (O2⋅−) rather than dioxygen (O2), to access a high valent MnIII−O2−MnIV species, responsible for the oxidation of tyrosine to tyrosyl radical. In a biomimetic approach, we report the synthesis of a thiolate-bound dimanganese complex [MnII2(BPMT)(OAc)2](ClO)4 (BPMT=(2,6-bis{[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl}-4-methylthiophenolate) (1) and its reaction with O2⋅− to form a [(BPMT)MnO2Mn]2+ complex 2. Resonance Raman investigation revealed the presence of an O−O bond in 2, while EPR analysis displayed a 16-line St=1/2 signal at g=2 typically associated with a MnIIIMnIV core, as detected in class Ib RNRs. Unlike all other previously reported Mn−O2−Mn complexes, generated by O2⋅− activation at Mn2 centers, 2 proved to be a capable electrophilic oxidant in aldehyde deformylation and phenol oxidation reactions, rendering it one of the best structural and functional models for class Ib RNRs.
title: Intelligence History
Creators: name: Bergien, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: From the perspective of the history of intelligence, intelligence services are no longer primarily twilight agent headquarters that operated "dead letter boxes" and developed secret ink. They are foreign policy actors and producers of knowledge for decision-makers. In his contribution, Rüdiger Bergien develops a definition of this field of research. He traces how the academic study of intelligence services has developed since World War II, focusing on the question of how insights into the black box of intelligence services could be gained at different times. Finally, he presents the focal points of previous research and identifies desiderata.
Neural Born Iteration Method For Solving Inverse Scattering Problems: 2D Cases
Creators: name: Shan, Tao
name: Lin, Zhichao
name: Song, Xiaoqian
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yang, Fan
name: Xu, Zhensheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.6; G.1.8; G.1.3
subject: 35Q61

description: In this paper, we propose the neural Born iterative method (NeuralBIM) for solving 2D inverse scattering problems (ISPs) by drawing on the scheme of physics-informed supervised residual learning (PhiSRL) to emulate the computing process of the traditional Born iterative method (TBIM). NeuralBIM employs independent convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn the alternate update rules of two different candidate solutions regarding the residuals. Two different schemes are presented in this paper, including the supervised and unsupervised learning schemes. With the data set generated by the method of moments (MoM), supervised NeuralBIM are trained with the knowledge of total fields and contrasts. Unsupervised NeuralBIM is guided by the physics-embedded objective function founding on the governing equations of ISPs, which results in no requirement of total fields and contrasts for training. Numerical and experimental results further validate the efficacy of NeuralBIM.
description: This preprint has been published in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation on 01 November 2022. Please cite the final published version as [T. Shan et al., "Neural Born Iterative Method for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems: 2D Cases," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 818-829, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3217333.]
Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides
Creators: name: Qiao, Ruimin
name: Chin, Timothy
name: Harris, Stephen J.
name: Yan, Shishen
name: Yang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a systematic study of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in various manganese oxides and fluorides. Both Mn L-edges and ligand (O and F) K-edges are presented and compared with each other. Despite the distinct crystal structure and covalent/ionic nature in different systems, the Mn-L spectra fingerprint the Mn valence and spin states through spectral lineshape and energy position consistently and evidently. The clear O- and F- K pre-edge features in our high resolution spectra enable a quantitative definition of the molecular orbital diagram with different Mn valence. In addition, while the binding energy difference of the O-1s core electrons leads to a small shift of the O-K leading edges between trivalent and quadrivalent manganese oxides, a significant edge shift, with an order of magnitude larger in energy, was found between divalent and trivalent compounds, which is attributed to the spin exchange stabilization of half- filled 3d system. This shift is much enhanced in the ionic fluoride system. This work provides the spectroscopic foundation for further studies of complicated Mn compounds.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
A simplified multi-model statistical approach for predicting the effects of forest management on land surface temperature in Fennoscandia
Creators: name: Huang, Bo
name: Li, Yan
name: Liu, Yi
name: Hu, Xiangping
name: Zhao, Wenwu
name: Cherubini, Francesco
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Forest management
subject: Climate change
subject: Surface temperature
subject: Machine learning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Forests interact with the local climate through a variety of biophysical mechanisms. Observational and modelling studies have investigated the effects of forested vs. non-forested areas, but the influence of forest management on surface temperature has received far less attention owing to the inherent challenges to adapt climate models to cope with forest dynamics. Further, climate models are complex and highly parameterized, and the time and resource intensity of their use limit applications. The availability of simple yet reliable statistical models based on high resolution maps of forest attributes representative of different development stages can link individual forest management practices to local temperature changes, and ultimately support the design of improved strategies. In this study, we investigate how forest management influences local surface temperature (LSTs) in Fennoscandia through a set of machine learning algorithms. We find that more developed forests are typically associated with higher LST than young or undeveloped forests. The mean multi-model estimates from our statistical system can accurately reproduce the observed LST. Relative to the present state of Fennoscandian forests, fully develop forests are found to induce an annual mean warming of 0.26 °C (0.03/0.69 °C as 5th/95th percentile), and an average cooling effect in the summer daytime from -0.85 to -0.23 °C (depending on the model). On the contrary, a scenario with undeveloped forests induces an annual average cooling of -0.29 °C (-0.61/-0.01 °C), but daytime warming in the summer that can be higher than 1 °C. A weak annual mean cooling of -0.01 °C is attributed to forest harvest from 2015 to 2018, with an increased daytime temperature in summer of about 0.04 °C. Overall, this approach is a flexible option to study effects of forest management on LST that can be applied at various scales and for alternative management scenarios, thereby helping to improve local management strategies with consideration of effects on local climate.
Additional file 1 of Highly robust model of transcription regulator activity predicts breast cancer overall survival
Creators: name: Dong, Chuanpeng
name: Liu, Jiannan
name: Chen, Steven X.
name: Dong, Tianhan
name: Jiang, Guanglong
name: Wang, Yue
name: Wu, Huanmei
name: Reiter, Jill L.
name: Liu, Yunlong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. GEO datasets used in this study. Figure S1. Transcriptional regulator model predicts survival in breast cancer datasets. Figure S2. The regulators risk groups associated with average survival time. Figure S3. Comparison of the performance of the regulator model with MammaPrint.
Hydration Structure of Diamondoids from Reactive Force Fields
Creators: name: Palczynski, Karol
name: Kirschbaum, Thorren
name: Bande, Annika
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical structure
subject: Hydration
subject: Molecular mechanics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: Diamondoids are promising materials for applications in catalysis and nanotechnology. Since many of their applications are in aqueous environments, to understand their function it is essential to know the structure and dynamics of the water molecules in their first hydration shells. In this study, we adapt a reactive force field (ReaxFF) for atomistically resolved molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated diamondoids to characterize their interfacial water structure. We parametrize the force field and validate the water structure against geometry-optimized structures from density functional theory. We compare the results to water structures around diamondoids with all partial charges set to zero, and around charged smooth spheres, and find qualitatively similar water structuring in all cases. However, the response of the water molecules is most sensitive to the partial charges in the atomistically resolved diamondoids. From the systematic exclusion of atomistic detail, we can draw generic conclusions about the nature of the hydrophobic effect at nanoparticle interfaces and link it to the interfacial water structure. The interactions between discrete partial charges on short length scales affect the hydration structures strongly, but the hydrophobic effect seems to be stable against these short scale surface perturbations. Our methods and the workflow we present are transferable to other hydrocarbons and interfacial systems.
Isomorphisms of Poisson systems over locally compact groups
Creators: name: Wilkens, Amanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A35 (Primary) 60G10, 60G55 (Secondary)

description: A Poisson system is a Poisson point process and a group action, together forming a measure-preserving dynamical system. Ornstein and Weiss proved Poisson systems over many amenable groups were isomorphic in their 1987 paper. We consider Poisson systems over non-discrete, non-compact, locally compact Polish groups, and we prove by construction all Poisson systems over such a group are finitarily isomorphic, producing examples of isomorphisms for non-amenable group actions. As a corollary, we prove Poisson systems and products of Poisson systems are finitarily isomorphic. For a Poisson system over a group belonging to a slightly more restrictive class than above, we further prove it splits into two Poisson systems whose intensities sum to the intensity of the original, generalizing the same result for Poisson systems over Euclidean space proved by Holroyd, Lyons, and Soo.
description: Final version, as in the Annals of Probability at: http://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-probability/volume-51/issue-6/Isomorphisms-of-Poisson-systems-over-locally-compact-groups/10.1214/23-AOP1642.short
A Sharpened Condition for Strict Log-Convexity of the Spectral Radius via the Bipartite Graph
Creators: name: Altenberg, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C50

description: Friedland (1981) showed that for a nonnegative square matrix A, the spectral radius r(e^D A) is a log-convex functional over the real diagonal matrices D. He showed that for fully indecomposable A, log r(e^D A) is strictly convex over D_1, D_2 if and only if D_1-D_2 != c I for any c \in R. Here the condition of full indecomposability is shown to be replaceable by the weaker condition that A and A'A be irreducible, which is the sharpest possible replacement condition. Irreducibility of both A and A'A is shown to be equivalent to irreducibility of A^2 and A'A, which is the condition for a number of strict inequalities on the spectral radius found in Cohen, Friedland, Kato, and Kelly (1982). Such `two-fold irreducibility' is equivalent to joint irreducibility of A, A^2, A'A, and AA', or in combinatorial terms, equivalent to the directed graph of A being strongly connected and the simple bipartite graph of A being connected. Additional ancillary results are presented.
description: 20 pages; v. 2: expanded expositions
Mycale Gray 1867
Creators: name: Trejo, Alejandra
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Segovia, Johanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Mycalidae
Mycale

description: Genus Mycale Gray, 1867
Definition. Mycalidae with megascleres in a single category of shape, but may have size categories (Van Soest & Hajdu 2002).
description: Published as part of Trejo, Alejandra, Carballo, José Luis & Segovia, Johanna, 2025, New records and checklist of sponges from El Salvador (Eastern Tropical Pacific), pp. 99-125 in Zootaxa 5613 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/15216236
Beam Dynamics Simulation for the High Intensity DAEδALUS Cyclotrons
Creators: name: Yang, J. J.
name: Adelmann, A.
name: Barletta, W.
name: Calabretta, L.
name: Conrad, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the DAEδALUS (Decay-At-rest Experiment for δCP studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science) project, high power H+2 cyclotron chains are proposed to efficiently provide proton beams with a kinetic energy of 800 MeV and an average power in the MW range. Space charge plays a pivotal role in both the injector and the ring cyclotrons. Large-scale particle simulations show that the injector cyclotron is a space charge dominated cyclotron and that a 5mA beam current can be extracted with tolerable beam losses on the septum. In contrast, in the ring cyclotron, no space charge induced beam loss is observed during acceleration and extraction.
An intrinsic approach to relative braid group symmetries on $\imath$quantum groups
Creators: name: Wang, Weiqiang
name: Zhang, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We initiate a general approach to the relative braid group symmetries on (universal) $\imath$quantum groups, arising from quantum symmetric pairs of arbitrary finite types, and their modules. Our approach is built on new intertwining properties of quasi $K$-matrices which we develop and braid group symmetries on (Drinfeld double) quantum groups. Explicit formulas for these new symmetries on $\imath$quantum groups are obtained. We establish a number of fundamental properties for these symmetries on $\imath$quantum groups, strikingly parallel to their well-known quantum group counterparts. We apply these symmetries to fully establish rank one factorizations of quasi $K$-matrices, and this factorization property in turn helps to show that the new symmetries satisfy relative braid relations. As a consequence, conjectures of Kolb-Pellegrini and Dobson-Kolb are settled affirmatively. Finally, the above approach allows us to construct compatible relative braid group actions on modules over quantum groups for the first time.
description: v3, final version, Appendix B removed, other mild edits and corrections
Emotional competence: The missing piece in school curricula? A systematic analysis in the German education system
Creators: name: Grund, Julius
name: Holst, Jorrit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emotional competence
subject: Social-emotional learning
subject: Curricula
subject: School education
subject: Document analysis
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Emotional competencies are increasingly recognized in their importance for flourishing human development. Yet, there is a lack of research examining their structural integration within education systems. The present mixed methods study systematically assesses the implementation of emotional competence and its five facets (knowledge, recognition, expression, regulation, empathy) within 422 German school curricula. About 40% of curricula do not refer to the strengthening of emotional competence at all. On average, one reference was found on every thirteenth page. No trend could be identified for more recent documents to contain more references. Negative binomial regression revealed far above-average anchoring in ethics/philosophy, whereas fewest references were found in natural sciences, information technology, and economics. The analyses are supplemented by qualitative excerpts, highlighting common and good practice examples. In light of the broad empirical base demonstrating the importance of social-emotional learning, it is argued that its current anchorage within German school curricula is insufficient.
Perfect simulation of autoregressive models with infinite memory
Creators: name: De Santis, Emilio
name: Piccioni, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the problem of determining the law of binary stochastic processes from transition kernels depending on the whole past. These kernels are linear in the past values of the process. They are allowed to assume values close to both 0 and 1, preventing the application of usual results on uniqueness. More precisely we give sufficient conditions for uniqueness and non-uniqueness. In the former case a perfect simulation algorithm is also given.
description: 12 pages
Discrete Phase Space-Continuous Time Relativistic Klein-Gordon and Dirac Equations, and a New Non-Singular Yukawa Potential
Creators: name: Das, Anadijiban
name: Chatterjee, Rupak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the second quantization of interacting relativistic Fermionic and Bosonic fields in the arena of discrete phase space and continuous time. The mathematical formulation involves partial difference equations. The corresponding Feynman diagrams and a new $S^{\#}$-matrix theory is developed. In the special case of proton-proton Moller scattering via an exchange of a neutral meson, the explicit second order element $\langle f | S^{\#}_{(2)} |i \rangle$ is deduced. In the approximation of very low external three-momenta, a new Yukawa potential is explicitly derived from $\langle f | S^{\#}_{(2)} |i \rangle$. Moreover, it is rigorously proved that this new Yukawa potential is divergence-free. The mass parameter of the exchanged meson may be set to zero to obtain a type of scalar Boson exchange between hypothetical Fermions. This provides a limiting case of a new Coulomb type potential directly from the new singularity free Yukawa potential. A divergence-free Coulomb potential between two Fermions at two discrete points is shown to be proportional to the Euler beta function. Within this relativistic discrete phase space continuous time, a single quanta is shown to occupy the hyper-tori $S^{1}_{n^1} \times S^{1}_{n^3} \times S^{1}_{n^3}$ where $S^{1}_{n}$ is a circle of radius $\sqrt{2n+1}$.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. This is a continuation of our previous work arXiv:1905.02524 about non-singular Coulomb potentials to the current paper on non-singular Yukawa potentials. As such, there is some overlap between introductory sections in order to keep this paper self-contained
Machine learning techniques to construct detailed phase diagrams for skyrmion systems
Creators: name: Albarracín, F. A. Gómez
name: Rosales, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to a variety of problems in condensed matter physics. In this regard, of particular significance is the characterization of simple and complex phases of matter. Here, we use a ML approach to construct the full phase diagram of a well known spin model combining ferromagnetic exchange and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions where topological phases emerge. At low temperatures, the system is tuned from a spiral phase to a skyrmion crystal by a magnetic field. However, thermal fluctuations induce two types of intermediate phases, bimerons and skyrmion gas, which are not as easily determined as spirals or skyrmion crystals. We resort to large scale Monte Carlo simulations to obtain low temperature spin configurations, and train a convolutional neural network (CNN), taking only snapshots at specific values of the DM couplings, to classify between the different phases, focusing on the intermediate and intricate topological textures. We then apply the CNN to higher temperature configurations and to other DM values, to construct a detailed magnetic field-temperature phase diagram, achieving outstanding results. We discuss the importance of including the disordered paramagnetic phases in order to get the phase boundaries, and finally, we compare our approach with other ML algorithms.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Upgrading SPHERE: SAXO+ a technology demonstration to PCS
Creators: name: Boccaletti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: SPHERE+ is a proposal to upgrade the SPHERE instrument at the VLT to boost the current performances of detection and characterization of exoplanets and disks. The main science drivers for SPHERE+ are 1/ to access the bulk of the young giant planet population down to the snow line (3-10 au), to bridge the gap with complementary techniques (radial velocity, astrometry); 2/ to observe fainter and redder targets in the youngest (1 − 10 Myr) associations compared to those observed with SPHERE to directly study the formation of giant planets in their birth environment; 3/ to improve the level of characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres by increasing the spectral resolution in order to break degeneracies in giant planet atmosphere models. These objectives can be realized with two new subsystems. First, a second stage AO system, SAXO+, equipped with an IR pyramid wavefront sensor for increasing the control bandwidth (from ~1 to 3 kHz) as well as the sensitivity in the infrared (+2-3 mag). SAXO+ is developed in coordination with the ESO technology development group and will serve as a demonstrator for the future planet finder (PCS) of the ELT. Second, we argue that a dedicated compact medium resolution spectrograph with a resolution of about 1000 to 5000 is unique hence mandatory to even push further the detection of exoplanets within 10 au as well as providing characterization capability. We will present the science cases, the strategy and development status of SPHERE+.
How big is the image of the Galois representations attached to CM elliptic curves?
Creators: name: Campagna, Francesco
name: Pengo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11G05, 14K22, 11F80, 11G15. Secondary: 11Y40

description: Using an analogue of Serre's open image theorem for elliptic curves with complex multiplication, one can associate to each CM elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $F$ a natural number $\mathcal{I}(E/F)$ which describes how big the image of the Galois representation associated to $E$ is. We show how one can compute $\mathcal{I}(E/F)$, using a closed formula that we obtain from the classical theory of complex multiplication.
description: 13 pages. Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Arithmetic, Geometry, Cryptography, and Coding Theory
Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models: An application to warfarin
Creators: name: Falkenhagen, Undine
name: Knöchel, Jane
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Huisinga, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: quantitative systems pharmacology models
subject: knowledge
subject: complexity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications.
Low Depth Quantum Circuits for Ising Models
Creators: name: Iblisdir, S.
name: Cirio, M.
name: Boada, O.
name: Brennen, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme for measuring complex temperature partition functions of Ising models is introduced. In the context of ordered qubit registers this scheme finds a natural translation in terms of global operations, and single particle measurements on the edge of the array. Two applications of this scheme are presented. First, through appropriate Wick rotations, those amplitudes can be analytically continued to yield estimates for partition functions of Ising models. Bounds on the estimation error, valid with high confidence, are provided through a central-limit theorem, which validity extends beyond the present context. It holds for example for estimations of the Jones polynomial. Interestingly, the kind of state preparations and measurements involved in this application can in principle be made "instantaneous", i.e. independent of the system size or the parameters being simulated. Second, the scheme allows to accurately estimate some non-trivial invariants of links. A third result concerns the computational power of estimations of partition functions for real temperature classical ferromagnetic Ising models on a square lattice. We provide conditions under which estimating such partition functions allows one to reconstruct scattering amplitudes of quantum circuits making the problem BQP-hard. Using this mapping, we show that fidelity overlaps for ground states of quantum Hamiltonians, which serve as a witness to quantum phase transitions, can be estimated from classical Ising model partition functions. Finally, we show that the ability to accurately measure corner magnetizations on thermal states of two-dimensional Ising models with magnetic field leads to fully polynomial random approximation schemes (FPRAS) for the partition function. Each of these results corresponds to a section of the text that can be essentially read independently.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. Changes to v2: reformatted to two column, new citations added, expanded Appendices B and E. typos fixed. v3: Figure added
Ferromagnetic InMnAs on InAs Prepared by Ion Implantation and Pulsed Laser Annealing
Creators: name: Zhou, Shengqiang
name: Wang, Yutian
name: Jiang, Zenan
name: Weschke, Eugen
name: Helm, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic InMnAs has been prepared by Mn ion implantation and pulsed laser annealing. The InMnAs layer reveals a saturated magnetization of 2.6 mu_B/Mn at 5 K and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The Curie temperature is determined to be 46 K, which is higher than those in previous reports with similar Mn concentrations. Ferromagnetism is further evidenced by the large magnetic circular dichroism.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The brightest gamma-ray flares of blazars
Creators: name: Nalewajko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a systematic study of gamma-ray flares in blazars. For this purpose, I propose a very simple and practical definition of a flare as a period of time, associated with a given flux peak, during which the flux is above half of the peak flux. I select a sample of 40 brightest gamma-ray flares observed by Fermi/LAT during the first 4 years of its mission. The sample is dominated by 4 blazars: 3C 454.3, PKS 1510-089, PKS 1222+216 and 3C 273. For each flare, I calculate a light curve and variations of the photon index. For the whole sample, I study the distributions of the peak flux, peak luminosity, duration, time asymmetry, average photon index and photon index scatter. I find that: 1) flares produced by 3C 454.3 are longer and have more complex light curves than those produced by other blazars; 2) flares shorter than 1.5 days in the source frame tend to be time-asymmetric with the flux peak preceding the flare midpoint. These differences can be largely attributed to a smaller viewing angle of 3C 454.3 as compared to other blazars. Intrinsically, the gamma-ray emitting regions in blazar jets may be structured and consist of several domains. I find no regularity in the spectral gamma-ray variations of flaring blazars.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
Analytic Adjoint Solutions for the 2D Incompressible Euler Equations Using the Green's Function Approach
Creators: name: Lozano, Carlos
name: Ponsin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Green's function approach of Giles and Pierce is used to build the lift and drag based analytic adjoint solutions for the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations around irrotational base flows. The drag-based adjoint solution turns out to have a very simple closed form in terms of the flow variables and is smooth throughout the flow domain, while the lift-based solution is singular at rear stagnation points and sharp trailing edges owing to the Kutta condition. This singularity is propagated to the whole dividing streamline (which includes the incoming stagnation streamline and the wall) upstream of the rear singularity (trailing edge or rear stagnation point) by the sensitivity of the Kutta condition to changes in the stagnation pressure.
description: This is a postprint (accepted version) of an article published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. The published version may differ from this postprint and is available at: Lozano, C., & Ponsin, J. "Analytic adjoint solutions for the 2-D incompressible Euler equations using the Green's function approach". Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2022). doi:10.1017/jfm.2022.415
Eduard Droberjar, Studien zu den germanischen Siedlungen der älteren römischen Kaiserzeit in Mähren
Creators: name: Meyer, Michael
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Eduard Droberjar, Studien zu den germanischen Siedlungen der älteren römischen Kaiserzeit
in Mähren. Fontes Archaeologici Pragenses, Volumen 21. Museum Nationale
Pragae, Prag 1997. ISBN 80-7036-039-9. 378 Seiten mit 150 Tafeln, 68 Abbildungen und
120 Tabellen.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 79 Nr. 1 (2001)
Joseph Geiger, Hellenism in the East
Creators: name: Sigismund, Marcus
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Joseph Geiger, Hellenism in the East. Studies on
Greek Intellectuals in Palestine. Historia Einzelschriften,
Band 229. Verlag Franz Steiner, Stuttgart
2014. 177 Seiten.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 214.2014(2015): Bonner Jahrbücher
Andreas Rau, Nydam Mose. Die personengebundenen Gegenstände
Creators: name: Peter-Röcher, Heidi
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Andreas Rau, Nydam Mose. Die personengebundenen
Gegenstände. Grabungen 1989–1999. Teil I:
Text. Teil II: Listen, Katalog, Literatur, Konkordanz,
Tafeln, Pläne. Jernalderen i Nordeuropa. Jysk
Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, Band 72. Verlag der
Universität Aarhus, Højbjerg 2010. 536 Seiten, 206
Abbildungen, 28 Tabellen (Band I). 536 Seiten, 65 Tafeln,
68 Pläne (Band II).
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 214.2014(2015): Bonner Jahrbücher