cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Original 3D-Punktwolken oder Approximation mit B-Splines: Verformungsanalyse mit CloudCompare
Creators: name: Kermarrec, Gael
name: Alkhatib, Hamza
name: Paffenholz, Jens-André
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Terrestrische Laserscanner
subject: Monitoring
subject: B-Spline
subject: Approximation
subject: stochastisches Modell
subject: Kontrollpunkte
subject: AIC
subject: BIC
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::624 | Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

description: In diesem Beitrag wird anhand von 3D-Punktwolken gezeigt, wie sich Verformungen bzw. Deformationen mithilfe von Flächenmodellierung beschreiben lassen. Exemplarisch werden hierfür 3D-Puntkwolken eines terrestrischen Laserscanner (TLS) genutzt, die im Zuge eines Belastungsversuch an einer historischeren Eisenbahnbrücke bei Verden (Aller), Niedersachsen, erfasst wurden. Zur Approximation der 3D-Punktwolken in unterschiedlichen Epochen werden B-Spline-Flächen genutzt. Im Rahmen der Schätzung von B-Spline-Flächen mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate werden neben Informationen über den Knotenvektor, auch die optimale Anzahl von Kontrollpunkten benötigt. Diese Kontrollpunkte bilden eine konvexe Hülle, innerhalb der die approximierte Fläche oder Kurve liegt. Ihre Anzahl hat somit einen starken Einfluss auf die gesamte Approximation und die sich anschließende Bestimmung von Verformungen (Deformationsanalyse). Zur Bestimmung der optimalen Anzahl der Kontrollpunkte werden Informationskriterien genutzt unter der Voraussetzung, dass das Messrauschen einer Normalverteilung entspricht. Eine verbesserte stochastische Beschreibung der polaren Messelemente: Horizontalrichtung, Vertikalwinkel und Schrägstrecke des TLS liefert die Möglichkeit einer zuverlässigeren Beurteilung der Genauigkeit der Flächenmodellierung von verrauschten, diskreten 3D-Punkten. Dies führt zu aussagekräftigeren Testgrößen, wie der Kongruenztestgröße in der Deformationanalyse. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Fokus auf der Diskussion der Ergebnisse basierend auf der Approximation mit B-Spline Flächen gegenüber den Ergebnissen aus rein punktwolkenbasierten Verfahren unter Nutzung der OpenSource Software CloudCompare (CC). Es wird gezeigt wie lokale Verfeinerung der Approximation vorteilshaft ist.
Non-Asymptotic Analysis of an Optimal Algorithm for Network-Constrained Averaging with Noisy Links
Creators: name: Noorshams, Nima
name: Wainwright, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of network-constrained averaging is to compute the average of a set of values distributed throughout a graph G using an algorithm that can pass messages only along graph edges. We study this problem in the noisy setting, in which the communication along each link is modeled by an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We propose a two-phase decentralized algorithm, and we use stochastic approximation methods in conjunction with the spectral graph theory to provide concrete (non-asymptotic) bounds on the mean-squared error. Having found such bounds, we analyze how the number of iterations T_G(n; δ) required to achieve mean-squared error δ scales as a function of the graph topology and the number of nodes n. Previous work provided guarantees with the number of iterations scaling inversely with the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian. This paper gives an algorithm that reduces this graph dependence to the graph diameter, which is the best scaling possible.
Soft gluon self-energy at finite temperature and density: hard NLO corrections in general covariant gauge
Creators: name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Paatelainen, Risto
name: Säppi, Saga
name: Seppänen, Kaapo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) hard correction to the gluon self-energy tensor with arbitrary soft momenta in a hot and/or dense weakly coupled plasma in Quantum Chromodynamics. Our diagrammatic computations of the two-loop and power corrections are performed within the hard-thermal-loop (HTL) framework and in general covariant gauge, using the real-time formalism. We find that after renormalization our individual results are finite and gauge-dependent, and they reproduce previously computed results in Quantum Electrodynamics in the appropriate limit. Combining our results, we also recover a formerly known gauge-independent matching coefficient and associated screening mass in a specific kinematic limit. Our NLO results supersede leading-order HTL results from the 1980s and pave the way to an improved understanding of the bulk properties of deconfined matter, such as the equation of state.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures, matches with published version
Locally exact modifications of numerical schemes
Creators: name: Cieśliński, Jan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.7
subject: 65P10, 65L12, 34K28

description: We present a new class of exponential integrators for ordinary differential equations: locally exact modifications of known numerical schemes. Local exactness means that they preserve the linearization of the original system at every point. In particular, locally exact integrators preserve all fixed points and are A-stable. We apply this approach to popular schemes including Euler schemes, implicit midpoint rule and trapezoidal rule. We found locally exact modifications of discrete gradient schemes (for symmetric discrete gradients and coordinate increment discrete gradients) preserving their main geometric property: exact conservation of the energy integral (for arbitrary multidimensional Hamiltonian systems in canonical coordinates). Numerical experiments for a 2-dimensional anharmonic oscillator show that locally exact schemes have very good accuracy in the neighbourhood of stable equilibrium, much higher than suggested by the order of new schemes (locally exact modification sometimes increases the order but in many cases leaves it unchanged).
description: 28 pages plus 6 figures, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 2013. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1101.0578
Quark-diquark model for p(\bar p)-p elastic scattering at high energies
Creators: name: Grichine, V. M.
name: Starkov, N. I.
name: Zotov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for elastic scattering of protons at high energies based on the quark-diquark representation of the proton is discussed. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data for the differential elastic cross-sections from available databases
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Recent progresses on metal halide perovskite-based material as potential photocatalyst
Creators: name: Bresolin, Bianca-Maria
name: Park, Yuri
name: Bahnemann, Detlef W.
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Material science
subject: Metal halide perovskites
subject: Photocatalysis
subject: Renewable energy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Recent years have witnessed an incredibly high interest in perovskite-based materials. Among this class, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their easy preparation and excellent opto-electronic properties, showing a remarkably fast development in a few decades, particularly in solar light-driven applications. The high extinction coefficients, the optimal band gaps, the high photoluminescence quantum yields and the long electron–hole diffusion lengths make MHPs promising candidates in several technologies. Currently, the researchers have been focusing their attention on MHPs-based solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, X-ray detectors and luminescent solar concentrators. In our review, we firstly present a brief introduction on the recent discoveries and on the remarkable properties of metal halide perovskites, followed by a summary of some of their more traditional and representative applications. In particular, the core of this work was to examine the recent progresses of MHPs-based materials in photocatalytic applications. We summarize some recent developments of hybrid organic–inorganic and all-inorganic MHPs, recently used as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, organic contaminant degradation and organic synthesis. Finally, the main limitations and the future potential of this new generation of materials have been discussed. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Consistent Lagrangians for irreducible interacting higher-spin fields with holonomic constraints
Creators: name: Buchbinder, I. L.
name: Reshetnyak, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.0
subject: 81T11 70S05 70S20

description: We study the aspects of constructing the interactions for the higher spin fields in the framework of BRST approach. The main object of such an approach is BRST operator acting in the appropriate Fock space and building on the base of constraints that define the irreducible higher spin representations. In its turn, the constrains are divided into differential and purely algebraic or holonomic. The necessary and sufficient conditions to derive the consistent Lagrangian formulations for irreducible interacting higher-spin fields within approach with incomplete BRST operator, where the algebraic constraints are not included into definition of the BRST operator but imposed "by hands" on the field and gauge parameter vectors, are considered. It is shown that in addition to that such constraints should (anti)commute with the BRST operator and annihilate the fields and gauge parameters Fock space vectors, they must form the Abelian (super)algebra both with the BRST operator above and with operators of cubic, quartic and etc. vertices. Only under the above conditions, the formulations with complete and incomplete BRST charges turn out to be equivalent and yield to the same interaction vertices in terms of irreducible fields.
description: 11 pages, minor changes, presentation improved, Contribution to Proceedings of International Workshop "Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries 2022"
Sol–gel synthesis and structural characterization of band gap engineered ferroelectric perovskite oxide potassium sodium barium nickel niobate
Creators: name: Balanov, Vasilii A.
name: Zhao, Zhijun
name: Pan, Mingjing
name: Feldhoff, Armin
name: Bai, Yang
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: KNBNNO
subject: KNN–BNNO
subject: Lead-free
subject: Nanoparticle
subject: Photo-ferroelectric
subject: Sol–gel
subject: Barium
subject: Energy gap
subject: Ferroelectricity
subject: Nanocomposite films
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Nickel
subject: Niobium compounds
subject: Particle size
subject: Perovskite
subject: Potassium
subject: Sodium
subject: Solid state reactions
subject: Sols
subject: Thin films
subject: Distributed particles
subject: Ferroelectric perovskites
subject: Multifunctional sensors
subject: Nano-fabrication methods
subject: Nanoscale research
subject: Structural characterization
subject: Synthesized solution
subject: Thin film fabrication
subject: Ferroelectric materials
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Ferroelectric materials with engineered thus visible-range optical band gaps are increasingly researched in recent years, triggering potentially new applications in solar cells, opto-ferroelectric devices, multifunctional sensors, and multisource energy harvesters. To date, most band gap engineered ferroelectrics have been discovered in form of ceramics fabricated via the solid-state route. Like other functional counterparts further research of these materials into nanoscale developments, e.g., nanocomposites and thin films, demands nanofabrication methods to be investigated. An emerging band gap engineered ferroelectric composition, (K,Na,Ba)(Ni,Nb)O3−δ (KNBNNO), discovered with solid-state route has allured research for novel applications as mentioned above. However, its nanofabrication via wet chemical routes has rarely been reported. In this paper, sol–gel method is used to fabricate KNBNNO nanoparticles. The developed method can successfully form the target perovskite phases, and is able to reduce the particle size from 300 to 400 nm made via the solid-state reaction to about 100 nm. In addition, the distributed particle size in the synthesized solutions averages at 4–6 nm, making the method suitable for potential thin film fabrication. Therefore, this paper offers a nanofabrication option to the emerging KNBNNO for prospective nanoscale research. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s).
Optimal work fluctuations for finite-time and weak processes
Creators: name: Nazé, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optimal protocols for the irreversible work achieve their maximum usefulness if their work fluctuations are the smallest ones. In this work, for classical and isothermal processes subjected to finite-time and weak drivings, I show that the optimal protocol for the irreversible work is the same for the variance of work. This conclusion is based on the fluctuation-dissipation relation $\overline{W}=ΔF+βσ_W^2/2$, extended now to finite-time and weak drivings. To illustrate it, I analyze a white noise overdamped Brownian motion subjected to an anharmonic stiffening trap for fast processes. By contrast with the already known results in the literature for classical systems, the linear-response theory approach of the work probabilistic distribution is not a Gaussian reduction.
description: 4+1 pages, 3 figures
Hierarchical hydrodynamics in long-range multipole-conserving systems
Creators: name: Gliozzi, Jacopo
name: May-Mann, Julian
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: De Tomasi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of dipole and higher-moment conserving systems with long-range interactions, drawing inspiration from trapped ion experiments in strongly tilted potentials. We introduce a hierarchical sequence of multipole-conserving models characterized by power-law decaying couplings. Although the moments are always globally conserved, adjusting the power-law exponents of the couplings induces various regimes in which only a subset of multipole moments are effectively locally conserved. We examine the late-time hydrodynamics analytically and numerically using an effective classical framework, uncovering a rich dynamical phase diagram that includes subdiffusion, conventional diffusion, and Lévy flights. Our results are unified in an analytic reciprocal relationship that captures the nested hierarchy of hydrodynamics in multipole conserving systems where only a subset of the moments are locally conserved. Moreover, we extend our findings to higher dimensions and explore the emergence of long-time scales, reminiscent of pre-thermal regimes, in systems with low charge density. Lastly, we corroborate our results through state-of-the-art numerical simulations of a fully quantum long-range dipole-conserving system and discuss their relevance to trapped-ion experimental setups.
description: 16+3 pages, 9 figures
Methodological Framework: A Framework and Methodological Protocol for analyzing the video platformization
Creators: name: Boshnakova, Dessislava
name: Christova, Evelina
name: Dankova, Dessislava
name: Gigova, Boryana
name: Petkov, Stoyko
name: Toms, Justine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The goal of this document is to provide a framework and explicitly describe the procedures implemented in order to design a framework for studying the video platformization in Europe (WP3, task 3.1 and 3.2) and the tasks that are due for the research of the issue in the 10 countries included in the EUMEPLAT project. The document consists of two parts. The first will describe the main goals of the tasks, the arguments for selected platforms and criteria for analyzing patterns in production and consumption of video content. The second will describe the principles and rules for the implementation of the framework, in order to respond to the research questions.
On the redundancy in large material datasets: efficient and robust learning with less data
Creators: name: Li, Kangming
name: Persaud, Daniel
name: Choudhary, Kamal
name: DeCost, Brian
name: Greenwood, Michael
name: Hattrick-Simpers, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive efforts to gather materials data have largely overlooked potential data redundancy. In this study, we present evidence of a significant degree of redundancy across multiple large datasets for various material properties, by revealing that up to 95 % of data can be safely removed from machine learning training with little impact on in-distribution prediction performance. The redundant data is related to over-represented material types and does not mitigate the severe performance degradation on out-of-distribution samples. In addition, we show that uncertainty-based active learning algorithms can construct much smaller but equally informative datasets. We discuss the effectiveness of informative data in improving prediction performance and robustness and provide insights into efficient data acquisition and machine learning training. This work challenges the "bigger is better" mentality and calls for attention to the information richness of materials data rather than a narrow emphasis on data volume.
description: Main text: 9 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures. Supplemental information: 31 pages, 1 table, 24 figures
Performance of the Gittins Policy in the G/G/1 and G/G/k, With and Without Setup Times
Creators: name: Hong, Yige
name: Scully, Ziv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: C.4; G.3; I.6
subject: 60K25, 68M20, 90B22, 90B36

description: How should we schedule jobs to minimize mean queue length? In the preemptive M/G/1 queue, we know the optimal policy is the Gittins policy, which uses any available information about jobs' remaining service times to dynamically prioritize jobs. For models more complex than the M/G/1, optimal scheduling is generally intractable. This leads us to ask: beyond the M/G/1, does Gittins still perform well? Recent results show Gittins performs well in the M/G/k, meaning that its additive suboptimality gap is bounded by an expression which is negligible in heavy traffic. But allowing multiple servers is just one way to extend the M/G/1, and most other extensions remain open. Does Gittins still perform well with non-Poisson arrival processes? Or if servers require setup times when transitioning from idle to busy? In this paper, we give the first analysis of the Gittins policy that can handle any combination of (a) multiple servers, (b) non-Poisson arrivals, and (c) setup times. Our results thus cover the G/G/1 and G/G/k, with and without setup times, bounding Gittins's suboptimality gap in each case. Each of (a), (b), and (c) adds a term to our bound, but all the terms are negligible in heavy traffic, thus implying Gittins's heavy-traffic optimality in all the systems we consider. Another consequence of our results is that Gittins is optimal in the M/G/1 with setup times at all loads.
New Zealand Lavatory Detective Agency
Creators: name: Huang, Andrea Wei-Ching
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Fig 1: New Zealand ESR COVID-19 Wastewater Surveillance Dashboard Fig 2: New Zealand Wastewater Variant Analysis Fig 3: Chronicles of New Zealand Lavatory Detective Agency for SARS-CoV-2 Footprints Fig 4: Relations between COVID19 clinical and wastewater data
 The Chinese Version "紐西蘭馬桶偵探事務所":
 https://foundation.nmns.edu.tw/writing/hotnews2_detail.php?gid=13&id=1558 This full text of English Version of the original publication (Chinese) : https://details-or-fragments.blogspot.com/2023/05/NZwws.html https://medium.com/@andreahuang2019/new-zealand-lavatory-detective-agency-e5d4783c249b
The pion vector form factor from lattice QCD and NNLO chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Brandt, Bastian B.
name: Juttner, Andreas
name: Wittig, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the electromagnetic form factor, the decay constant and the mass of the pion computed in lattice QCD with two degenerate O(a)-improved Wilson quarks at three different lattice spacings in the range 0.05-0.08fm and pion masses between 280 and 630MeV at m_pi L >~ 4. Using partially twisted boundary conditions and stochastic estimators, we obtain a dense set of precise data points for the form factor at very small momentum transfers, allowing for a model-independent extraction of the charge radius. Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) augmented by terms which model lattice artefacts is then compared to the data. At next-to-leading order the effective theory fails to produce a consistent description of the full set of pion observables but describes the data well when only the decay constant and mass are considered. By contrast, using the next-to-next-to-leading order expressions to perform global fits result in a consistent description of all data. We obtain =0.481(33)(13)fm^2 as our final result for the charge radius at the physical point. Our calculation also yields estimates for the pion decay constant in the chiral limit, F_pi/F=1.080(16)(6), the quark condensate, Sigma^{1/3}_MSbar(2GeV)=261(13)(1)MeV and several low-energy constants of SU(2) ChPT.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures
How to choose a completion method for pairwise comparison matrices with missing entries: An axiomatic result
Creators: name: Csató, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B50, 91B08

description: Since there exist several completion methods to estimate the missing entries of pairwise comparison matrices, practitioners face a difficult task in choosing the best technique. Our paper contributes to this issue: we consider a special set of incomplete pairwise comparison matrices that can be represented by a weakly connected directed acyclic graph, and study whether the derived weights are consistent with the partial order implied by the underlying graph. According to previous results from the literature, two popular procedures, the incomplete eigenvector and the incomplete logarithmic least squares methods fail to satisfy the required property. Here, the recently introduced lexicographically optimal completion combined with any of these weighting methods is shown to avoid ordinal violation in the above setting. Our finding provides a powerful argument for using the lexicographically optimal completion to determine the missing elements in an incomplete pairwise comparison matrix.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. The Appendix of this article draws heavily from arXiv:2206.10440
TempEE: Temporal-Spatial Parallel Transformer for Radar Echo Extrapolation Beyond Auto-Regression
Creators: name: Chen, Shengchao
name: Shu, Ting
name: Zhao, Huan
name: Zhong, Guo
name: Chen, Xunlai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meteorological radar reflectivity data (i.e. radar echo) significantly influences precipitation prediction. It can facilitate accurate and expeditious forecasting of short-term heavy rainfall bypassing the need for complex Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In comparison to conventional models, Deep Learning (DL)-based radar echo extrapolation algorithms exhibit higher effectiveness and efficiency. Nevertheless, the development of reliable and generalized echo extrapolation algorithm is impeded by three primary challenges: cumulative error spreading, imprecise representation of sparsely distributed echoes, and inaccurate description of non-stationary motion processes. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a novel radar echo extrapolation algorithm called Temporal-Spatial Parallel Transformer, referred to as TempEE. TempEE avoids using auto-regression and instead employs a one-step forward strategy to prevent cumulative error spreading during the extrapolation process. Additionally, we propose the incorporation of a Multi-level Temporal-Spatial Attention mechanism to improve the algorithm's capability of capturing both global and local information while emphasizing task-related regions, including sparse echo representations, in an efficient manner. Furthermore, the algorithm extracts spatio-temporal representations from continuous echo images using a parallel encoder to model the non-stationary motion process for echo extrapolation. The superiority of our TempEE has been demonstrated in the context of the classic radar echo extrapolation task, utilizing a real-world dataset. Extensive experiments have further validated the efficacy and indispensability of various components within TempEE.
description: Have been accepted by IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, see https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10238744
Ab initio Calculation of Fluid Properties for Precision Metrology
Creators: name: Garberoglio, Giovanni
name: Gaiser, Christof
name: Gavioso, Roberto M.
name: Harvey, Allan H.
name: Hellmann, Robert
name: Jeziorski, Bogumił
name: Meier, Karsten
name: Moldover, Michael R.
name: Pitre, Laurent
name: Szalewicz, Krzysztof
name: Underwood, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances regarding the interplay between ab initio calculations and metrology are reviewed, with particular emphasis on gas-based techniques used for temperature and pressure measurements. Since roughly 2010, several thermophysical quantities - in particular, virial and transport coefficients - can be computed from first principles without uncontrolled approximations and with rigorously propagated uncertainties. In the case of helium, computational results have accuracies that exceed the best experimental data by at least one order of magnitude and are suitable to be used in primary metrology. The availability of ab initio virial and transport coefficients contributed to the recent SI definition of temperature by facilitating measurements of the Boltzmann constant with unprecedented accuracy. Presently, they enable the development of primary standards of temperature in the range 2.5-552 K and pressure up to 7 MPa using acoustic gas thermometry, dielectric constant gas thermometry, and refractive index gas thermometry. These approaches will be reviewed, highlighting the effect of first-principles data on their accuracy. The recent advances in electronic structure calculations that enabled highly accurate solutions for the many-body interaction potentials and polarizabilities of atoms - particularly helium - will be described, together with the subsequent computational methods, most often based on quantum statistical mechanics and its path-integral formulation, that provide thermophysical properties and their uncertainties. Similar approaches for molecular systems, and their applications, are briefly discussed. Current limitations and expected future lines of research are assessed.
description: 59 pages, 9 figures
The extrasolar planet Gliese 581 d: a potentially habitable planet? (Corrigendum to arXiv:1009.5814)
Creators: name: von Paris, P.
name: Gebauer, S.
name: Godolt, M.
name: Grenfell, J. L.
name: Hedelt, P.
name: Kitzmann, D.
name: Patzer, A. B. C.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Stracke, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here that the equation for H2O Rayleigh scattering was incorrectly stated in the original paper [arXiv:1009.5814]. Instead of a quadratic dependence on refractivity r, we accidentally quoted an r^4 dependence. Since the correct form of the equation was implemented into the model, scientific results are not affected.
description: accepted to Astronomy&Astrophysics
A Unified $p_\mathrm{astro}$ for Gravitational Waves: Consistently Combining Information from Multiple Search Pipelines
Creators: name: Banagiri, Sharan
name: Berry, Christopher P. L.
name: Davies, Gareth S. Cabourn
name: Tsukada, Leo
name: Doctor, Zoheyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent gravitational-wave transient catalogs have used \pastro{}, the probability that a gravitational-wave candidate is astrophysical, to select interesting candidates for further analysis. Unlike false alarm rates, which exclusively capture the statistics of the instrumental noise triggers, \pastro{} incorporates the rate at which triggers are generated by both astrophysical signals and instrumental noise in estimating the probability that a candidate is astrophysical. Multiple search pipelines can independently calculate \pastro{}, each employing a specific data reduction. While the range of \pastro{} results can help indicate the range of uncertainties in its calculation, it complicates interpretation and subsequent analyses. We develop a statistical formalism to calculate a \emph{unified} \pastro{} for gravitational-wave candidates, consistently accounting for triggers from all pipelines, thereby incorporating extra information about a signal that is not available with any one single pipeline. We demonstrate the properties of this method using a toy model and by application to the publicly available list of gravitational-wave candidates from the first half of the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. Adopting a unified \pastro{} for future catalogs would provide a simple and easy-to-interpret selection criterion that incorporates a more complete understanding of the strengths of the different search pipelines
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Gaussian Mixture Regression model with logistic weights, a penalized maximum likelihood approach
Creators: name: Montuelle, Lucie
name: Pennec, Erwan Le
name: Cohen, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We wish to estimate conditional density using Gaussian Mixture Regression model with logistic weights and means depending on the covariate. We aim at selecting the number of components of this model as well as the other parameters by a penalized maximum likelihood approach. We provide a lower bound on penalty, proportional up to a logarithmic term to the dimension of each model, that ensures an oracle inequality for our estimator. Our theoretical analysis is supported by some numerical experiments.
Orchis mascula
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: O.mascula X sambucina (=0. Farquetii G.Keller) - l: Gueuroz (F.); Ravoire bei Martigny (F.). - 2: Jeur-Brûlée ob Branson (Farquet und Mantz 1918,A. Cohrs und J.Renz 1936).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Stability of symmetric and nonsymmetric FEM-BEM couplings for nonlinear elasticity problems
Creators: name: Feischl, Michael
name: Führer, Thomas
name: Karkulik, Michael
name: Praetorius, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N15, 65N38

description: We consider symmetric as well as non-symmetric coupling formulations of FEM and BEM in the frame of nonlinear elasticity problems. In particular, the Johnson-Nédélec coupling is analyzed. We prove that these coupling formulations are well-posed and allow for unique Galerkin solutions if standard discretizations by piecewise polynomials are employed. Unlike prior works, our analysis does neither rely on an interior Dirichlet boundary to tackle the rigid body motions nor on any assumption on the mesh-size of the discretization used.
Bewertung von hochschulübergreifendem eLearning unter Berücksichtigung von statischer Lerner-Adaptivität und Lernstilen
Creators: name: Kersebaum, Anne
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: eLearning
subject: blended learning
subject: Adaptivität
subject: Lernstile
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: [no abstract]
Multimodal Data Augmentation for Image Captioning using Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Xiao, Changrong
name: Xu, Sean Xin
name: Zhang, Kunpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image captioning, an important vision-language task, often requires a tremendous number of finely labeled image-caption pairs for learning the underlying alignment between images and texts. In this paper, we proposed a multimodal data augmentation method, leveraging a recent text-to-image model called Stable Diffusion, to expand the training set via high-quality generation of image-caption pairs. Extensive experiments on the MS COCO dataset demonstrate the advantages of our approach over several benchmark methods, and particularly a significant boost when having fewer training instances. In addition, models trained on our augmented datasets also outperform prior unpaired image captioning methods by a large margin. Finally, further improvement regarding the training efficiency and effectiveness can be obtained after intentionally filtering the generated data based on quality assessment.
Quantum phase transition between symmetry enriched topological phases in tensor-network states
Creators: name: Haller, Lukas
name: Xu, Wen-Tao
name: Liu, Yu-Jie
name: Pollmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase transitions between different topologically ordered phases exhibit rich structures and are generically challenging to study in microscopic lattice models. In this work, we propose a tensor-network solvable model that allows us to tune between different symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases. Concretely, we consider a decorated two-dimensional toric code model for which the ground state can be expressed as a two-dimensional tensor-network state with bond dimension $D=3$ and two tunable parameters. We find that the time-reversal (TR) symmetric system exhibits three distinct phases (i) an SET toric code phase in which anyons transform non-trivially under TR, (ii) a toric code phase in which TR does not fractionalize, and (iii) a topologically trivial phase that is adiabatically connected to a product state. We characterize the different phases using the topological entanglement entropy and a membrane order parameter that distinguishes the two SET phases. Along the phase boundary between the SET toric code phase and the toric code phase, the model has an enhanced $U(1)$ symmetry and the ground state is a quantum critical loop gas wavefunction whose squared norm is equivalent to the partition function of the classical $O(2)$ model. By duality transformations, this tensor-network solvable model can also be used to describe transitions between SET double-semion phases and between $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2^T$ symmetry protected topological phases in two dimensions.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Modellierung der linearen Erosion und des Risikos von Partikeleinträgen in Gewässer : Entwicklung und Anwendung von entscheidungsbasierten Modellen zur flächenhaften Prognose der linearen Erosionsaktivität und des Gewässeranschlusses von Ackerflächen (Niedersachsen und Nordwestschweiz)
Creators: name: Bug, Jan Fabian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Bodenerosion
subject: Rillenerosion
subject: Gewässereintrag
subject: Modellierung
subject: geographische Informationssysteme
subject: Erosionsschutzmaßnahmen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: [no abstract]
Minority-spin conducting states in Fe substituted pyrite CoS$_2$
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Anustup
name: Subedi, Alaska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a longstanding debate whether the pyrite CoS$_2$ or its alloys with FeS$_2$ are half metallic. We argue using first principles calculations that there is a finite occupation of minority-spin states at the Fermi level throughout the series Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$S$_2$. Although the exchange-correlation functional influences the specifics of the electronic structure, we observe a similar trend with increasing Fe concentration in both LDA and GGA calculations. Specifically, even as band filling is decreased through Fe substitution, the lowest-lying conduction band in the minority-spin channel broadens such that these states keep getting lowered relative to the Fermi level, which is contrary to the expectations from a rigid band picture. Furthermore, the exchange splitting decreases as more Co atoms are replaced by Fe, and this again brings the minority-spin states closer to the Fermi level. These two mechanisms, in conjunction with the experimental observation that minority-spin bands cross the Fermi level in stoichiometric CoS$_2$, indicate that minority-spin charge carriers will always be present in Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$S$_2$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figure, 2 tables
Strange metallicity in an antiferromagnetic quantum critical model: A sign-problem-free quantum Monte-Carlo study
Creators: name: Teixeira, Rafael M. P.
name: Pépin, Catherine
name: Freire, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute transport and thermodynamic properties of a two-band spin-fermion model describing itinerant fermions in two dimensions interacting via $Z_2$ antiferromagnetic quantum critical fluctuations by means of a sign-problem-free quantum Monte-Carlo approach. We show that the phase diagram of this model indeed contains a $d$-wave superconducting phase at low enough temperatures. However, a crucial question that arises is whether a non-Fermi-liquid metallic regime exists above $T_c$ exhibiting hallmark strange-metal transport phenomenology. Interestingly, we find that this version of the model describes a non-Fermi-liquid metallic regime that displays an approximately $T$-linear resistivity above $T_c$ for a strong fermion-boson interaction. Using Nernst-Einstein relation, our QMC results also show that this strange metal phase exhibits a crossover from being characterized by a charge compressibility given approximately by $χ_{c}\sim 1/T$ at high temperatures to being described by a charge diffusivity consistent with the scaling $D_{c}\sim 1/T$ at low temperatures. Therefore, our work adds support to the view that the $Z_2$ antiferromagnetic spin-fermion model at strong coupling can be considered a minimal model that describes both unconventional superconductivity and strange metallicity, which are fundamentally interconnected in many important strongly-correlated quantum materials.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Der Sponsoring-Funnel : empirische Untersuchung eines modelltheoretischen Ansatzes zur Darstellung des Einflusses von Sportsponsering auf das Konsumverhalten in der Automobilindustrie
Creators: name: Paulauskas, Janosch Levin
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing Management
subject: Sponsoring-Funnel
subject: Composite-Image-Scale
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: DE - Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die zentralen Modelle der Sponsoringwirkungsforschung der letzten 30 Jahren. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse werden in einem modelltheoretischen Ansatz zusammengeführt. Ziel ist es, die intangiblen Werte innerhalb eines Sponsorings besser für das Marketingmanagement greifbar zu machen (bspw. Einstellungen, Motive, Assoziationen). Dabei richtet sich der Fokus auf die Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie innerhalb von Sportsponsorings. Ergebnis ist der „Sponsoring-Funnel“. Mit Hilfe eines experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns konnten die Wirkungsbeziehungen innerhalb des Sponsoring-Funnels bestätigt werden. Besonderheit ist die hierbei entwickelte „Composite-Image-Scale“. Sie ermöglicht die Messbarkeit des Markenimage Transfers auf Imagewertebene. Die Arbeit vermittelt dem Leser ein grundlegendes und übersichtlich dargestelltes Verständnis zur Wirkung von Sportsponsoring. Dabei liefern die Ergebnisse Ansätze für weitere Forschungsarbeiten und Handlungsempfehlungen für einen effizienteren Einsatz von Sponsorings innerhalb des Marketingmanagements.
description: EN - The present work gives an overview of the main models of sponsorship research of the last 30 years. The most important findings are brought together in a model-theoretical approach. The goal is to make the intangible values within a sponsoring better accessible to marketing management (e.g. attitudes, motives, associations). The focus is on the requirements of the automotive industry within sports sponsoring. The result is the "Sponsoring Funnel". An experimental design confirmed the impacts of the relationships within the „Sponsoring Funnel“. A special feature is the developed "Composite Image Scale". It enables the measurability of the brand image transfer at an image value level. The work gives the reader a basic and clearly illustrated understanding of the effects of sports sponsorship. The results provide approaches for further research and recommendations for more efficient use of sponsorship within marketing management.
Construction of a BAC/PAC contig of SSC 6q1.2 and comparative analysis of this genome region
Creators: name: Martins-Weß, Flávia
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: RYR1
subject: SSC 6
subject: HSA 19
subject: contig
subject: comparative mapping
subject: RH map
subject: physical map
subject: pig
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: [no abstract]
Decomposing CMB lensing power with simulation
Creators: name: Anderes, Ethan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential is based on a Taylor expansion of lensing effects which is known to have poor convergence properties. For lensing of temperature fluctuations, an understanding of the higher order terms in this expansion which is accurate enough for current experimental sensitivity levels has been developed in Hanson et. al. (2010), as well as a slightly modified Okamoto and Hu quadratic estimator which incorporates lensed rather than unlensed spectra into the estimator weights to mitigate the effect of higher order terms. We extend these results in several ways: (1) We generalize this analysis to the full set of quadratic temperature/polarization lensing estimators, (2) We study the effect of higher order terms for more futuristic experimental noise levels, (3) We show that the ability of the modified quadratic estimator to mitigate the effect of higher order terms relies on a delicate cancellation which occurs only when the true lensed spectra are known. We investigate the sensitivity of this cancellation to uncertainties in or knowledge of these spectra. We find that higher order terms in the Taylor expansion can impact projected error bars at experimental sensitivities similar to those found in future ACTpol/SPTpol experiments.
Instance-Aware Repeat Factor Sampling for Long-Tailed Object Detection
Creators: name: Yaman, Burhaneddin
name: Mahmud, Tanvir
name: Liu, Chun-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose an embarrassingly simple method -- instance-aware repeat factor sampling (IRFS) to address the problem of imbalanced data in long-tailed object detection. Imbalanced datasets in real-world object detection often suffer from a large disparity in the number of instances for each class. To improve the generalization performance of object detection models on rare classes, various data sampling techniques have been proposed. Repeat factor sampling (RFS) has shown promise due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Despite its efficiency, RFS completely neglects the instance counts and solely relies on the image count during re-sampling process. However, instance count may immensely vary for different classes with similar image counts. Such variation highlights the importance of both image and instance for addressing the long-tail distributions. Thus, we propose IRFS which unifies instance and image counts for the re-sampling process to be aware of different perspectives of the imbalance in long-tailed datasets. Our method shows promising results on the challenging LVIS v1.0 benchmark dataset over various architectures and backbones, demonstrating their effectiveness in improving the performance of object detection models on rare classes with a relative $+50\%$ average precision (AP) improvement over counterpart RFS. IRFS can serve as a strong baseline and be easily incorporated into existing long-tailed frameworks.