cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Technical Efficiency in Bangladesh Rice Production: Are There Threshold Effects in Farm Size?
Creators: name: Adachi, Kenji
name: Del Ninno, Carlo
name: Liu, Donald J.
name: Adachi, Kenji
name: Del Ninno, Carlo
name: Liu, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: Threshold Estimation
subject: technical efficiency
subject: total factor productivity
subject: rice
subject: farm size
subject: Bangladesh

description: This study analyzes the impact of farm size on productivity for rice producers in Bangladesh with a particular focus on a threshold effect of farm size. Using rich survey data for 960 rice farm households spread over 64 villages collected in 2008, total factor productivity measures for both Aman and Boro seasons are estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis. The estimates of productivity scores are further regressed on farm specific variables using Hansen’s (1996, 1999) threshold estimation procedures. The estimation results of a linear threshold technical efficiency equation confirm that 1) there are two thresholds that pertain the 960 Boro farm households into three possible categories and one threshold for the 465 Aman farm households, 2) farm size and productivity are positively related, with the exception of farms that hold more than 1 ha for the Boro season, and 3) factors that affect the rice productivity vary across farm size categories. Among the small farms (below 0.33~0.35 ha), the larger their farm size, the higher their productivity. Land fragmentation has an adverse effect on improving productivity, except for the large farms (above 1 ha). Policy adjustments related to land reform, aiming at small farms, would have the potential to increase rice production, as well as to fulfill their needs to sustain livelihood in Bangladesh.
description: Replaced with revised version of poster 07/21/10.
Chiral Perturbation Theory for Staggered Sea Quarks and Ginsparg-Wilson Valence Quarks
Creators: name: Baer, Oliver
name: Bernard, Claude
name: Rupak, Gautam
name: Shoresh, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study lattice QCD with staggered sea and Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks. The Symanzik effective action for this mixed lattice theory, including the lattice spacing contributions of O(a^2), is derived. Using this effective theory we construct the leading order chiral Lagrangian. The masses and decay constants of pseudoscalars containing two Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks are computed at one loop order.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2e; references added and typos corrected
Looking beyond the plot: The nutritional impact of fertilizer policy
Creators: name: Ward, Marissa
name: Santos, Paulo
name: Ward, Marissa
name: Santos, Paulo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Targeted Input Program
subject: height-for-age z-score
subject: fertilizer subsidies

description: This paper evaluates one indirect impact of fertilizer policy, the nutritional gains due to increased food production. We look specifically at the case of Malawi’s Targeted Input Program and show that benefitting from the program during its entire duration could have led to gains substantial gains in human capital.
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics vs turbulence II: Which is the dominant process in stellar core formation?
Creators: name: Wurster, James
name: Lewis, Benjamin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the dominant process. We investigate the effect of magnetic fields (ideal and non-ideal) and turbulence (sub- and transsonic) on the formation of protostars by following the gravitational collapse of 1~M$_\odot$ gas clouds through the first hydrostatic core to stellar densities. The clouds are imposed with both rotational and turbulent velocities, and are threaded with a magnetic field that is parallel/anti-parallel or perpendicular to the rotation axis; we investigate two rotation rates and four Mach numbers. The initial radius and mass of the stellar core are only weakly dependent on the initial parameters. In the models that include ideal MHD, the magnetic field strength implanted in the protostar at birth is much higher than observed, independent of the initial level of turbulence; only non-ideal MHD can reduce this strength to near or below the observed levels. This suggests that not only is ideal MHD an incomplete picture of star formation, but that the magnetic fields in low mass stars are implanted later in life by a dynamo process. Non-ideal MHD suppresses magnetically launched stellar core outflows, but turbulence permits thermally launched outflows to form a few years after stellar core formation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 12 pages, 9 figures
Differentiation in Farm Labor Complement Profiles of Organic and Conventional Farms in the Southeast: Coping with a Changing Farm Labor Market
Creators: name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Santos, Florence Ivy M.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Santos, Florence Ivy M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Organic Farming
subject: Conventional Farming
subject: Farm labor
subject: Immigration policies

description: The farm labor market is expected to experience supply deficiencies as a result of the displacement of foreign unskilled workers due to the impending implementation of stricter immigration policies in the United States. This study scrutinizes the farm labor hiring predicament of farm operators using data from the household survey we administered on organic and conventional farms in the Southeast U.S. Specifically, we used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) approach to model and examine the level of difficulty experienced by farmers in hiring non-family farm workers and its influence on farm labor management decisions. We also explore the probable motivation of the extent of family members’ involvement in farm work and analyze the influence of the more labor intensive organic component of farm activities on farm labor management decisions. Our results suggest that family member’s involvement in farm work is likely greater when the farm is mostly organic, engaged in grains and hay operations, relatively smaller, and when farm operation requires high harvesting hours relative to total farm labor hours. Our study has produced evidence on organic farms’ relatively higher demand for labor, regardless of source, and, in absolute terms, greater reliance on seasonal non-farm workers. Our findings also suggest that when non-farm workers are difficult to find, farm businesses tend to optimize family members’ involvement in the farm business and/or maintain relatively higher proportions of full-time employees. Moreover, our results contend that higher wages could not possibly effectively attract non-family workers to seek seasonal farm employment.
The Distributional Consequences of a Fiscal Food Policy: Evidence From the UK
Creators: name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: distributional characteristic
subject: economic welfare
subject: fat tax
subject: indirect tax reform
subject: obesity
subject: thin subsidy

description: The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food groups targeted by a fat tax are consumed in greater concentration by low-income households than higher-income households. The overall welfare effect of a fat tax in isolation is found to be negative. While the inclusion of a thin subsidy still results in welfare losses, the negative impact of the fat tax is mostly mitigated by the presence of the thin subsidy. Results suggest there is scope for the design of a fiscal food policy to combat obesity and poor dietary choice that is both revenue neutral and welfare minimising.
The Welfare Effects of Environmental Taxation
Creators: name: Jaeger, William K.
name: Jaeger, William K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Optimal Environmental Tax
subject: Second-best
subject: Double Dividend
subject: Tax Interaction Effect
subject: Revenue Recycling
subject: Tax Base Effect
subject: Pigouvian Rate
subject: Excess Burden

description: Recent literature has investigated whether the welfare gains from environmental taxation are larger or smaller in a second-best setting than in a first-best setting. This question has mainly been addressed indirectly, by asking whether the second-best optimal environmental tax is higher or lower than the first-best Pigouvian rate. Even this indirect question, though, has itself been approached indirectly, comparing the second-best optimal environmental tax to a proxy for its first-best value, an expression for marginal social damage (MSD). On closer examination, however, MSD becomes ambiguously defined and variable in a second-best setting, making it an unreliable proxy for the first-best Pigouvian rate. With these concerns in mind, the current analysis reevaluates the central welfare question both directly and indirectly and finds that when compared directly to its first-best Pigouvian value, the second-best optimal environmental tax generally rises with increased revenue requirements. Even in cases where the second-best optimal environmental tax is lower than its first-best value, the welfare gains may be greater than in a first-best setting. These results suggest that the marginal fiscal benefit (revenue recycling effect) exceeds the marginal fiscal cost (tax base effect) over a range of environmental tax rates that, for benchmark models, extends above the first-best Pigouvian rate. Results in the tax interaction literature are fully consistent with these interpretations once the effects of normalizations and numeraires are fully recognized. These findings reinforce the intuition that environmental policy complements rather than competes with the provision of other public goods.
Anomalous Hall Effect in Layered Ferrimagnet MnSb2Te4
Creators: name: Shi, Gang
name: Zhang, Mingjie
name: Yan, Dayu
name: Feng, Honglei
name: Yang, Meng
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Li, Yongqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on low-temperature electron transport properties of MnSb2Te4, a candidate of ferrimagnetic Weyl semimetal. Long -range magnetic order is manifested as a nearly square-shaped hysteresis loop in the anomalous Hall resistance, as well as sharp jumps in the magnetoresistance. At temperatures below 4 K, a lnT-type upturn appears in the temperature dependence of longitudinal resistance, which can be attributed to the electron-electron interaction (EEI), since the weak localization can be excluded by the temperature dependence of magnetoresistance. Although the anomalous Hall resistance exhibits a similar lnT-type upturn in the same temperature range, such correction is absent in the anomalous Hall conductivity. Our work demonstrates that MnSb2Te4 microflakes provide an ideal system to test the theory of EEI correction to the anomalous Hall effect.
Double Irreversibility and Environmental Policy Design
Creators: name: Pommeret, Aude
name: Prieur, Fabien
name: Pommeret, Aude
name: Prieur, Fabien
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Policy
subject: Environmental Irreversibility
subject: Policy Irreversibility

description: The design of environmental policy typically takes place within a framework in which uncertainty over the future impact of pollution and two different kinds of irreversibilities interact. The first kind of irreversibility concerns the sunk cost of environmental degradation; the second is related to the sunk cost of environmental policy. Clearly, the two irreversibilities pull in opposite directions: policy irreversibility leads to more pollution and a less/later policy while environmental irreversibility generates less pollution and a more/sooner policy. Using a real option approach and an infinite time horizon model, this paper considers both irreversibilities simultaneously. The model first is developed by paying particular attention to the option values related to pollution and policy adoption. Solving the model in closed form then provides solutions for both the optimal pollution level and the optimal environmental policy timing. Finally, the model is "calibrated" with the purpose of appraising which irreversibility has the prevailing effect and what is the overall impact of both irreversibilities on pollution and policy design.
Advocate with Impact: Building Confidence and Mastering Negotiation in Open Science
Creators: name: Lee, Jamie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Informal negotiation
subject: Career Choice
subject: Career Mobility
subject: salary negotiation
subject: self advocacy
subject: integrative bargaining
subject: mutual win negotiation
subject: career coaching
subject: leadership coaching
subject: negotiation coaching
subject: role play exercise

description: Success in academia and open science is not just about groundbreaking research—it’s about advocating for your work, negotiating effectively, and communicating with confidence.

Yet, many Ph.D.s and open science researchers struggle with self-doubt, imposter syndrome, or hesitancy to assert their ideas, especially in competitive or collaborative settings.

This workshop, led by executive coach Jamie Lee, equips researchers with the tools to confidently advocate for themselves, their ideas, and their contributions.

Drawing on evidence-based practical neuroscience and proven negotiation strategies, participants will learn to overcome the internal and external barriers that hinder self-advocacy.

Whether negotiating resources, pitching a project, or navigating interdisciplinary collaborations, this session will empower attendees to show up as credible and impactful leaders.

Through interactive exercises and real-world examples tailored to the open science community, participants will:

Reframe unhelpful thought patterns and shift from self-doubt to self-assurance in minutes.

Learn the fundamentals of negotiating effectively while preserving relationships.

Develop practical self-advocacy strategies for meetings, presentations, and collaborations.

Build confidence to navigate conflict and communicate with authority in challenging conversations.

Create a personalized toolkit for asserting their value and ensuring their voice is heard.

Jamie Lee, an executive coach specializing in self-advocacy and leadership, has helped professionals in high-stakes environments amplify their voices, lead with clarity, and achieve career-defining results. Her approach combines actionable tools with an understanding of the pressures unique to academia and research, empowering attendees to thrive in their roles
Pathwise Solution of a Class of Stochastic Master Equations
Creators: name: Kurniawan, I.
name: James, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider an alternative formulation of a class of stochastic wave and master equations with scalar noise that are used in quantum optics for modelling open systems and continuously monitored systems. The reformulation is obtained by applying J.M.C. Clark's pathwise reformulation technique from the theory of classical nonlinear filtering. The pathwise versions of the stochastic wave and master equations are defined for all driving paths and depend continuously on them. In the case of white noise equations, we derive analogs of Clark's robust approximations. The results in this paper may be useful for implementing filters for the continuous monitoring and measurement feedback control of quantum systems, and for developing new types of numerical methods for unravelling master equations. The main ideas are illustrated by an example.
Mesoscopic structure of mixed type domain walls in multiaxial ferroelectrics
Creators: name: Morozovska, Anna N.
name: Eliseev, Eugene A.
name: Fomichov, Yevhen M.
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of 180-degree uncharged rotational domain wall in a multiaxial ferroelectric film is studied within the framework of analytical Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) approach. The Finite Element Modelling (FEM) is used to solve numerically the system of the coupled nonlinear Euler-Lagrange (EL) differential equations of the second order for two components of polarization. We show that the structure of the domain wall and corresponding (meta)stable phase of the film are controlled by a single master parameter, dimensionless ferroelectric anisotropy μ. We fitted the static profile of a solitary domain wall, calculated by FEM, with hyperbolic functions for polarization components, and extracted the five μ-dependent parameters from the fitting to FEM curves. The high accuracy of the fitting results allows us to conclude that the analytical functions can be treated as the high-accuracy variational solution of the static EL equations with cubic nonlinearity. We further derive the two-component analytical solutions of the static EL equations for a polydomain 180-degree domain structure in a multiaxial ferroelectric film. The analysis of the free energy dependence on the film thickness and boundary conditions at its surfaces allows to select the domain states corresponding to the minimal energy. The single-domain state is ground for zero polarization derivative at the surfaces, while the poly-domain states minimize the system energy for zero polarization at the surfaces. Counterintuitively, the energy of the polydomain states split into two levels 0 and 1 for zero polarization at the surfaces, and each of the levels is the infinite set of the close-energy sub-levels, which morphology is characterized by different structure of the two-component polarization nodes.
description: 41 pages including 6 figures and Supplementary Materials
Variations in the bathymetry and bottom morphology of the Izu-Bonin Trench modelled by GMT
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90901 Cartography
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Geography
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Physical Geography
subject: 40601 Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution
subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cartographic visualisation is a central concept in geoinformatics, and Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) functionality provides a variety of modules for effective mapping. However, due to its specific scripting approach, there is not enough reported experience of GMT mapping, comparing to traditional GIS. This contribution introduces steps that can be taken to perform cartographic mapping and modelling using GMT. Geographically, this paper investigates the Izu-Bonin Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The aim was to compare its geomorphology in two segments, and each was modelled by a series of profiles. The comparative analysis shows that the southern segment is deeper and is a more precisely V-shaped form with a steeper gradient slope. The northern part has an asymmetric slope with submarine terraces to the west and a straight shape to the east. The northern profile is based on 407 samples (13.5%) at depths of -5,600 to -5,800 m, followed by 304 samples at -5,800 to -6,000 m (10%). The southern histogram has a bimodal distribution with two peaks: 523 samples (20%) with depths of -5,800 to -6,000 m. The second peak (10%) is on the Bonin Ridge. The GMT proved to be an effective instrument for marine geological mapping, 3D and 2D modelling, statisti- cal analysis and graphical plotting.
D2.4.15 Report containing complete documentation supporting the development, management operation and continuation of the biological effects database
Creators: name: Institute of Food Research
name: University College Cork
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: NoE and NEXUS Projects
The EuroFIR Food Platform
EuroFIR

description: EuroFIR BASIS Quality Assurance

Contents

 Flow diagrams for EuroFIR BASIS compilation process

 EuroFIR BASIS list of QA Documents and SOPs
Regional and Sector Environmental Efficiency Empirical Evidence from Structural Shift-share Analysis of NAMEA data
Creators: name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Montini, Anna
name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Montini, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: NAMEA
subject: Shift Share
subject: Regional Development
subject: RAMEA
subject: Emission Efficiency
subject: Economic Efficiency

description: This paper provides new empirical evidence on regional–national disparities in environmental efficiency, based on case studies of Italy and the Lazio region, which includes the city of Rome. Shift-share analyses provide evidence on the drivers of environmental efficiency and on sector specificity. This confirms the usefulness of this method for studying the environmental economics realm, in order to investigate structural and efficiency factors at the level of within country environmental efficiency performance, even in light of the different shares of services. Our evidence shows that although the Rome region has achieved higher environmental performance compared to Italy mainly thanks to its being less industry based, some critical points in the energy sector and in some services should be taken into account in shaping the future development of the region. Environmental, industrial and sector-oriented policy making may also derive valuable information from the evidence provided by our study.
Integrable Hamiltonian for Classical Strings on AdS_5 x S^5
Creators: name: Arutyunov, G.
name: Frolov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the Hamiltonian for physical excitations of the classical bosonic string propagating in the AdS_5 x S^5 space-time. The Hamiltonian is obtained in a so-called uniform gauge which is related to the static gauge by a 2d duality transformation. The Hamiltonian is of the Nambu type and depends on two parameters: a single S^5 angular momentum J and the string tension λ. In the general case both parameters can be finite. The space of string states consists of short and long strings. In the sector of short strings the large J expansion with λ'=λ/J^2 fixed recovers the plane-wave Hamiltonian and higher-order corrections recently studied in the literature. In the strong coupling limit λ\to \infty, J fixed, the energy of short strings scales as \sqrt[4]λ while the energy of long strings scales as \sqrtλ. We further show that the gauge-fixed Hamiltonian is integrable by constructing the corresponding Lax representation. We discuss some general properties of the monodromy matrix, and verify that the asymptotic behavior of the quasi-momentum perfectly agrees with the one obtained earlier for some specific cases.
description: 30 pages, LaTex; v2: a few comments added, misprints corrected, references added
Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Creators: name: Chiabai, Aline
name: Travisi, Chiara M.
name: Ding, Helen
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
name: Chiabai, Aline
name: Travisi, Chiara M.
name: Ding, Helen
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Forest
subject: Ecosystem Services
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Valuation
subject: Value Transfer

description: By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the greatest losses are from boreal and warm mixed forests, followed by tropical forests. These results may be surprising to some who argue that it is the loss of tropical forests, particularly the Amazon, that is the most significant. A detailed analysis, shows, however, that this is not the case. The best estimates point to greater losses in areas where use and non-use values are highest, which includes North America.
Matematika Dasar: Pengantar Menuju Analisis Data
Creators: name: Herho, Sandy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation Theory and Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Keilmuan analisis data menjadi primadona dalam perbincangan global di satu dekade terakhir. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin terintegrasinya kehidupan umat manusia dengan teknologi yang berbuntut dengan lahirnya kolam data raksasa (big data) yang dapat kemudian dijadikan bahan bagi pemelajaran algoritma kecerdasan buatan untuk menghasilkan produk yang diharapkan dapat beradaptasi dengan kebutuhan pengguna.Melalui catatan singkat ini penyusun hendak mengajak pembaca untuk berkenalan dengan konsep - konsep matematika yang diperlukan sebagai fondasi untuk memahami dan mengimplementasikan algoritma - algoritma yang digunakan di dalam analisis data melalui bahasa pemrograman Python dan R (penyusun mengharapkan familiaritas pembaca terhadap konsep - konsep kedua bahasa pemrograman tersebut sebelum mempelajari buku ini). Catatan ini sendiri didesain sebagai jembatan kesenjangan pengetahuan di dunia industri dan dunia akademik terkait konsep - konsep dasar matematika yang dibutuhkan bagi para analis data junior, pengembang piranti lunak, mahasiswi/a dari jurusan non-eksakta, dan kaum awam guna berkontribusi di dalam pengembangan kecerdasan buatan melalui analisis data.
Backpressure Control with Estimated Queue Lengths for Urban Network Traffic
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Okoth, Victor
name: Jabari, Saif Eddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Backpressure (BP) control was originally used for packet routing in communications networks. Since its first application to network traffic control, it has undergone different modifications to tailor it to traffic problems with promising results. Most of these BP variants are based on an assumption of perfect knowledge of traffic conditions throughout the network at all times, specifically the queue lengths (more accurately, the traffic volumes). However, it has been well established that accurate queue length information at signalized intersections is never available except in fully connected environments. Although connected vehicle technologies are developing quickly, we are still far from a fully connected environment in the real world. This paper test the effectiveness of BP control when incomplete or imperfect knowledge about traffic conditions is available. We combine BP control with a speed/density field estimation module suitable for a partially connected environment. We refer to the proposed system as a BP with estimated queue lengths (BP-EQ). We test the robustness of BP-EQ to varying levels of connected vehicle penetration, and we compared BP-EQ with the original BP (i.e., assuming accurate knowledge of traffic conditions), a real-world adaptive signal controller, and optimized fixed timing control using microscopic traffic simulation with field calibrated data. Our results show that with a connected vehicle penetration rate as little as 10%, BP-EQ can outperform the adaptive controller and the fixed timing controller in terms of average delay, throughput, and maximum stopped queue lengths under high demand scenarios.
The External Cost of European Crude Oil Imports
Creators: name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Cassinelli, Mariaester
name: Sferra, Fabio
name: Guarrera, Lisa
name: Karbuz, Sohbet
name: Hafner, Manfred
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Navrud, Stale
name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Cassinelli, Mariaester
name: Sferra, Fabio
name: Guarrera, Lisa
name: Karbuz, Sohbet
name: Hafner, Manfred
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Navrud, Stale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Oil Transport
subject: Externalities Oil Spills
subject: Risk Analysis

description: This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to Europe on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of realistic future oil demand-supply scenarios, of the relative relevance of import routes, of the local specificities in terms of critical passages and different burdens and impacts along import routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand. Estimates range from 2.32 Euro in 2030 in the low demand scenario to 2.60 Euro in 2010 in the high demand scenario per ton of imported oil.
Electromagnetic dual Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models
Creators: name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Oliveira, João M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic duality is discussed in the context of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) models including axionic-type couplings. This family of models introduces two non-minimal coupling functions $f(ϕ)$ and $g(ϕ)$, depending on a real scalar field $ϕ$. Interpreting the scalar field as a medium, one naturally defines constitutive relations as in relativistic non-linear electrodynamics. Requiring these constitutive relations to be invariant under the $SO(2)$ electromagnetic duality rotations of Maxwell's theory, defines 1-parameter, closed $\textit{duality orbits}$ in the space of EMS models, connecting different electromagnetic fields in "dual" models with different coupling functions, but leaving both the scalar field and the spacetime geometry invariant. This mapping works as a solution generating technique, extending any given solution of a specific model to a (different) solution for any of the dual models along the whole duality orbit. We illustrate this technique by considering the duality orbits seeded by specific EMS models wherein solitonic and black hole solutions are known. For dilatonic models, specific rotations are equivalent to $S$-duality.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Carbon sequestration : trade-offs of planting trees on agricultural land
Creators: name: Gilsenan, Rory
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For some time, climate change has been considered by many to be one of the world's greatest, and most critical, environmental concerns of our age. In 1997 these concerns led to the creation of the Kyoto Protocol, which was designed to limit greenhouse emissions in an attempt to mitigate climate change. Canada's commitment under this agreement is a reduction in emissions to 6% below its 1990 levels, and one of the options that is under consideration to enable Canada to partially meet its commitments is carbon sequestration by planting trees on marginal land. The sequestered carbon can then be counted as a credit in Canada's net emissions budget. Hybrid poplar (Populus hybrids) has been identified as the tree species for this purpose in the study region of this thesis, due to its high growth rates. Landowners, however, prefer a mix of trees. In this thesis I explore some of policy implications involved in the undertaking of a largescale tree planting program by developing a non-linear programming model that examines the tradeoffs between carbon sequestration, tree species diversity and net profits in terms of net present value (NPV). In the context of the model developed, tree species diversity is used as a proxy for biodiversity and landscape diversity, and a landowner survey is used to determine the mix of tree species that landowners would prefer. Eight tree species are considered in the context of the model, using two different discount rates, and a series of tree planting scenarios are developed, which show the tradeoffs that result from planting varying amounts of each tree species in the Peace River regions of Alberta and British Columbia. Land availability in this region is estimated using a land supply function that is based on predicted crop yields from the landowner survey. The full range of trade-offs are illustrated, in part, through a series of production possibility relationships, which plot the three main policy objectives against each other. The results indicate that NPV can range from -$18.4 million over the 120 year planning period to just over $10.4 million, depending on the species mix planted and the discount rate utilized. Similarly, carbon sequestered can range from some 233 thousand tonnes to around 2.4 million tonnes over the same period, and the trade-offs with diversity can be significant.
Big data, 4IR and electronic banking and banking systems applications in South Africa and Nigeria_Ajibade 2020.pdf
Creators: name: Ajibade, Patrick
name: Prof. Stephen, M. Mutula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150299 Banking, Finance and Investment not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)
subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management

description: Efficient banking solutions are an integral part of the business integration of South African and Nigerian economies as the two largest economies in the continent. Security, effectiveness, and integration of banking systems are critical to the sustainable development of the African continent. Therefore, an empirical analysis of the production of research on banking services and systems was conducted. The aim of the study was to examine the robustness of the research findings on banking systems in terms of their importance for the economic sustainability of the continent in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. The study adopted a bibliometric analysis using software clusters to visualize the results. Due to higher visibility of outputs and likely citations, the results showed that the key terms from Google Scholar are ranked higher than outputs from Scopus. Main research interests were related to internet banking (f = 70), e-payment systems (f = 57), telephone banking (f = 56), automated teller machines (f = 54), and mobile banking (f = 40). The results also showed a very low research interest in the technical aspect of online banking services such as security (f = 19, TLS = 40), authentication (f = 17, TLS =33), network security (f =13, TLS = 33), computer crime (f = 16, TLS = 42), and online banking (f = 11, TLS =32). The study found there were insufficient outputs in the area of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and banking services in Africa. Future research trends should examine the impact of the 4IR and big data on the banking system, regional economic integration, and sustainable growth in the continent.
Magnetic behavior of the spin-chain compounds,Ca3CuIrO6 and Ca3CuRhO6
Creators: name: Rayaprol, S.
name: Sampathkumaran, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-chain compounds, Ca3CuIrO6 and Ca3CuRhO6, crystallizing in a K4CdCl6-derived monoclinic structure, are investigated by ac and dc magnetization, isothermal remnant magnetization as well as heat capacity measurements. The results reveal the existence of a magnetic ordering in the vicinity of 15 K for both the compounds, but the transition appears to be of a complex nature. The existence of a spin-glass component is strongly indicated by the results. We propose that topological effects play a role on magnetism of these compounds. The magnetic properties for these two compounds are interestingly similar as though isoelectronic chemical substitution at the octahedral coordination site does not significantly interfere in the magnetic exchange process.
description: Physical Review B, in press
Nonequilibrium pion distribution within the Zubarev approach
Creators: name: Blaschke, David
name: Röpke, Gerd
name: Voskresensky, Dmitry N.
name: Morozov, Vladimir G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the nonequilibrium process of pion production within the Zubarev approach of the nonequilibrium statistical operator leads to a theoretical foundation for the appearance of a nonequilibrium pion chemical potential for the pion distribution function for which there is experimental evidence in experiments at the CERN LHC.
description: 11 pages
The Role of R&D and Technology Diffusion in Climate Change Mitigation: New Perspectives Using the Witch Model
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Duval, Romain
name: Sgobbi, Alessandra
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Duval, Romain
name: Sgobbi, Alessandra
name: Tavoni, Massimo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate policy
subject: Energy R&D
subject: Fund
subject: Stabilisation costs

description: This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&D: R&D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming from multiple sources, keeping a wide range of options available matters for stabilisation costs more than improving specific technologies. Due to international knowledge spillovers, stabilisation costs could be further reduced through a complementary, global R&D policy. However, a strong price signal is always required.
Neutrino Physics (theory)
Creators: name: Langacker, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonzero neutrino masses are the first definitive need to extend the standard model. After reviewing the basic framework, I describe the status of some of the major issues, including tests of the basic framework of neutrino masses and mixings; the question of Majorana vs. Dirac; the spectrum, mixings, and number of neutrinos; models, with special emphasis on constraints from typical superstring constructions (which are not consistent with popular bottom-up assumptions); and other implications.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, invited plenary talk at ICHEP2004
Research on Fitness Function of Two Evolution Algorithms Used for Neutron Spectrum Unfolding
Creators: name: Li, Rui
name: Yang, Jianbo
name: Tuo, Xianguo
name: Shi, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: When evolution algorithms are used to unfold the neutron energy spectrum, fitness function design is an important fundamental work for evaluating the quality of the solution, but it has not attracted much attention. In this work, we investigated the performance of eight fitness functions attached to the genetic algorithm (GA) and the differential evolution algorithm (DEA) used for unfolding four neutron spectra selected from the IAEA 403 report. Experiments show that the fitness functions with a maximum in the GA can limit the ability of the population to percept the fitness change, but the ability can be made up in the DEA. The fitness function with a feature penalty term helps to improve the performance of solutions, and the fitness function using the standard deviation and the Chi-squared result shows the balance between the algorithm and the spectra. The results also show that the DEA has good potential for neutron energy spectrum unfolding. The purposes of this work are to provide evidence for structuring and modifying the fitness functions and to suggest some genetic operations that should receive attention when using the fitness function to unfold neutron spectra.
description: 12 pages,5 figures
HR4049: signature of nova nucleosynthesis ?
Creators: name: Lugaro, Maria
name: Pols, Onno
name: Karakas, Amanda I.
name: Tout, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star HR4049 is in an eccentric binary system with a relatively short period probably surrounded by a dusty circumbinary disk. Extremely anomalous oxygen isotopic ratios, O16/O17 ~ O16/O18 ~ 7, have been measured from CO_2 molecules likely residing in the disk. Such a composition cannot be explained in the framework of AGB and post-AGB evolution while it can be qualitatively associated with the nucleosynthesis occurring during nova outbursts. We discuss nova models, the presence of a white dwarf companion to HR4049 and possible scenarios for the dynamical evolution of this binary system. Circumbinary disks in which mixing occurs between red-giant and nova material may also be invoked as the site of formation of some rare types of meteoritic presolar grains.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted for the proceedings of the 8th Nuclei in the Cosmos symposium (Vancouver, Canada, 19-23 July 2004)
Stock Prices in a Speculative Market: The Chinese Split-Share Reform
Creators: name: Beltratti, Andrea
name: Caccavaio, Marianna
name: Bortolotti, Bernardo
name: Beltratti, Andrea
name: Caccavaio, Marianna
name: Bortolotti, Bernardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Speculation
subject: Chinese Stock Market
subject: Market segmentation
subject: Event study
subject: Market Efficiency

description: In 2005-2006 China reformed its stock market by eliminating non-tradable shares. The regulator set general guidelines and then assigned responsibility for implementation to each company. We derive relations that should have been followed by the prices of stocks and exploit a company-level data set to compare the actual and the theoretical price reactions. We find evidence for abnormal returns both before the beginning of the reform and during the reform. Cross-sectionally, abnormal returns are associated mainly with turnover and compensation. This shows that in a speculative market, investors do not properly react to unambiguous corporate actions.
Equivalence of solutions between the four-dimensional novel and regularized EGB theories in a cylindrically symmetric spacetime
Creators: name: Lin, Zi-Chao
name: Yang, Ke
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Wang, Yong-Qiang
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a novel four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) theory was presented to bypass the Lovelock's theorem and to give nontrivial effects on the four-dimensional local gravity. The main mechanism is to introduce a redefinition $α\rightarrowα/(D-4)$ and to take the limit $D\rightarrow4$. However, this theory does not have standard four-dimensional field equations. Some regularization procedures are then proposed to address this problem [arXiv:2003.11552, arXiv:2003.12771, arXiv:2004.08362, arXiv:2004.09472, arXiv:2004.10716]. The resultant regularized four-dimensional EGB theory has the same on-shell action as the original theory. Thus it is expected that the novel four-dimensional EGB theory is equivalent to its regularized version. However, the equivalence of these two theories is symmetry-dependent. In this paper, we test the equivalence in a cylindrically symmetric spacetime. The well-defined field equations of the two theories are obtained, with which our follow-up analysis shows that they are equivalent in such spacetime. Cylindrical cosmic strings are then considered as specific examples of the metric. Three sets of solutions are obtained and the corresponding string mass densities are evaluated. The results reveal how the Gauss-Bonnet term in four dimensions contributes to the string geometry in the new theory.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, published version