cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 3 of Climate change implications for the distribution of the babesiosis and anaplasmosis tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Creators: name: Marques, Roberta
name: Krüger, Rodrigo F.
name: A. Townsend Peterson
name: Melo, Larissa F. De
name: Vicenzi, Natália
name: Jiménez-García, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Current and potential future distributions ofRhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplusfor two emissions scenarios (top, RCP 4.5; bottom, RCP 8.5) in 2050. Dark blue: areas predicted to be suitable in present-day and with a strong chance of suitability in the future (> 12 GCM). Light blue: areas predicted to be suitable in present-day but with reduced probability of presence in the future ( 12 GCMs). Pink: areas predicted to be unsuitable in present-day but have slight chance of suitability in the future (
Confinement at Large Nc
Creators: name: Hooft, Gerard 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A discussion is given of the confinement mechanism in terms of the Abelian projection scheme, for a general number Nc of colors. There is a difficulty in the Nc to infinity limit that requires a careful treatment, as the charges of the condensing magnetic monopoles tend to infinity. We suggest that Bose condensation of electric or magnetic charges is indicative for the kind of confinement that takes place, but the actual mechanism of confinement depends on other features as well.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Presented at "Large N QCD", trento, July 2004
Mixing indistinguishable systems leads to a quantum Gibbs paradox
Creators: name: Yadin, Benjamin
name: Morris, Benjamin
name: Adesso, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical Gibbs paradox concerns the entropy change upon mixing two gases. Whether an observer assigns an entropy increase to the process depends on their ability to distinguish the gases. A resolution is that an "ignorant" observer, who cannot distinguish the gases, has no way of extracting work by mixing them. Moving the thought experiment into the quantum realm, we reveal new and surprising behaviour: the ignorant observer can extract work from mixing different gases, even if the gases cannot be directly distinguished. Moreover, in the macroscopic limit, the quantum case diverges from the classical ideal gas: as much work can be extracted as if the gases were fully distinguishable. We show that the ignorant observer assigns more microstates to the system than found by naive counting in semiclassical statistical mechanics. This demonstrates the importance of accounting for the level of knowledge of an observer, and its implications for genuinely quantum modifications to thermodynamics.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures. Comments welcome
Additional file 4 of Climate change implications for the distribution of the babesiosis and anaplasmosis tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Creators: name: Marques, Roberta
name: Krüger, Rodrigo F.
name: A. Townsend Peterson
name: Melo, Larissa F. De
name: Vicenzi, Natália
name: Jiménez-García, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Current and potential future distributions ofRhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplusfor two emissions scenarios (top, RCP 4.5; bottom, RCP 8.5) in 2070. Dark blue: areas predicted to be suitable in present-day and with a strong chance of suitability in the future (> 12 GCM). Light blue: areas predicted to be suitable in present-day but with reduced probability of presence in the future ( 12 GCM). Pink: areas predicted to be unsuitable in present-day but with a slight chance of suitability in the future (
The Many Paths of Cotton Sector Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lessons from a Decade of Experience
Creators: name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Poulton, Colin
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Poulton, Colin
name: Boughton, Duncan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: cotton reform

description: This paper assesses the record of five countries in southern and eastern Africa: Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique. The paper focuses on the course of reform in each – initial conditions, key elements of the reform, and institutional response to it – and draws lessons for policy makers, donors, and researchers.
Relativistic gyratons in asymptotically AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Frolov, Valeri P.
name: Zelnikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational field of a spinning radiation beam-pulse (a gyraton) in a D-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetime. It is shown that the Einstein equations for such a system reduce to a set of two linear equations in a (D-2)-dimensional space. By solving these equations we obtain a metric which is an exact solution of gravitational equations with the (negative) cosmological constant. The explicit metrics for 4D and 5D gyratons in asymptotically AdS spacetime are given and their properties are discussed.
description: 10 pages
Self-Supervised Learning of Contextual Embeddings for Link Prediction in Heterogeneous Networks
Creators: name: Wang, Ping
name: Agarwal, Khushbu
name: Ham, Colby
name: Choudhury, Sutanay
name: Reddy, Chandan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Representation learning methods for heterogeneous networks produce a low-dimensional vector embedding for each node that is typically fixed for all tasks involving the node. Many of the existing methods focus on obtaining a static vector representation for a node in a way that is agnostic to the downstream application where it is being used. In practice, however, downstream tasks such as link prediction require specific contextual information that can be extracted from the subgraphs related to the nodes provided as input to the task. To tackle this challenge, we develop SLiCE, a framework bridging static representation learning methods using global information from the entire graph with localized attention driven mechanisms to learn contextual node representations. We first pre-train our model in a self-supervised manner by introducing higher-order semantic associations and masking nodes, and then fine-tune our model for a specific link prediction task. Instead of training node representations by aggregating information from all semantic neighbors connected via metapaths, we automatically learn the composition of different metapaths that characterize the context for a specific task without the need for any pre-defined metapaths. SLiCE significantly outperforms both static and contextual embedding learning methods on several publicly available benchmark network datasets. We also interpret the semantic association matrix and provide its utility and relevance in making successful link predictions between heterogeneous nodes in the network.
Emergency Needs Assessments and the Impact of Food Aid on Local Markets
Creators: name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: McGlinchy, Megan
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: McGlinchy, Megan
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Tschirley, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: food aid

description: This desk study is designed to assist WFP and other humanitarian agencies in understanding markets as they relate to emergencies, particularly the assessment of the impacts of emergencies and food aid deliveries on local commodity markets. In this work, we will focus on the impact of actual food commodity distribution on commodity markets, one of the most common emergency response alternatives. However, the report widens the debate to assist humanitarian agencies in seeing the link between actions taken by and with households and individuals during and after an emergency, the effects those actions have on markets, but also effects that market structure and performance may have in mitigating food insecurity.
Smallholder Farming Under Increasingly Difficult Circumstances: Policy and Public Investment Priorities for Africa
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Mather, David
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Mather, David
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: agriculture policy

description: This paper identifies major trends affecting the future of the small farm in Sub-Saharan Africa, and identifies policy responses and public investment strategies by African governments, governments of high-income countries, and multilateral donors that can give African smallholders the chance to be viable in an increasingly globalized world.
Additional file 2 of Climate change implications for the distribution of the babesiosis and anaplasmosis tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Creators: name: Marques, Roberta
name: Krüger, Rodrigo F.
name: A. Townsend Peterson
name: Melo, Larissa F. De
name: Vicenzi, Natália
name: Jiménez-García, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Cattle abundances categorized from FAO and Robinson et al. [54] from different zoogeographic regions in the world to evaluateRhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplussuitability in each of them under future climate change and present-day scenarios. Abundances are represented by number of individual heads of cattle per 10 km2.
The structural performance of tall wood-frame walls under axial and transversal loads
Creators: name: Leonard, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Tall wood-frame walls have emerged as a viable alternative to steel, concrete, and masonry in the construction of large industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings in North America. The construction of tall wood-frame walls incorporates the advantages of typical residential wood-frame platform construction, which include fast construction times and the use of relatively unskilled labour to deliver lightweight buildings proven to be durable over many years of usage. Some of the restrictions placed on the construction of residential wood-frame walls by applicable building codes are also currently placed on the construction of tall wood-frame walls. This study focused on the response of tall wood-frame walls under axial and transversal, or out-of- plane, loading with particular emphasis on addressing the appropriateness of certain current code restrictions on this type of construction. The axial loads represented the loads applied to the walls from the roof structure including the loads from snow, rain, and wind. The loads in the transversal direction represented either compression or suction to the face of the wall due to wind pressure. Because of the inherent variability and non-linear behaviour of wood, many of the components of tall wood-frame walls were tested separately prior to testing the full-scale wall specimens. These component tests were used to determine the bending stiffness of each material component individually. In addition to the lateral and withdrawal stiffness of nailed connections, the bending stiffness of composite studs with sheathing, and the response of sheathing panels under racking loads with varied stud spacing was investigated. The tests of the sheathing panels showed that the current limit on stud spacing in the Canadian Wood Design Code is not appropriate for this type of wall construction. Because these types of walls are designed using an equivalent static wind pressure rather than a true representation of the dynamic characteristics of wind, monotonic tests were primarily conducted on all of the components and the full-scale walls. The experimental results from the component tests were used to verify linear analytical models representing the load-deformation behaviour of composite T-beams, consisting of a stud connected to a tributary width of sheathing, under transversal loads. These models were then used to verify more sophisticated linear models representing the load-deformation behaviour of full-scale walls under axial and transversal loads. Non-linear finite element models of full-scale walls were also verified using the results from the component tests. Design equations were presented that accurately account for the composite action that exists between the sheathing and the studs. Finally, some design and construction recommendations are discussed regarding several aspects o f tall wood-frame walls based on the results of the full-scale wall tests.
Additional file 1 of The impact of vitamin D food fortification and health outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-regression
Creators: name: Khalifah, Reem Al
name: Alsheikh, Rawan
name: Alnasser, Yossef
name: Alsheikh, Rana
name: Alhelali, Nora
name: Naji, Ammar
name: Nouf Al Backer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The search strategy, list of excluded articles, additional summary of included studies
Low-Temperature Heat Transport under Phonon Confinement in Nanostructures
Creators: name: Sidorova, M.
name: Semenov, A. D.
name: Zaccone, A.
name: Charaev, I.
name: Gonzalez, M.
name: Schilling, A.
name: Gyger, S.
name: Steinhauer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat transport in bulk materials is well described using the Debye theory of 3D vibrational modes (phonons) and the acoustic match model. However, in cryogenic nanodevices, phonon wavelengths exceed device dimensions, leading to confinement effects that standard models fail to address. With the growing application of low-temperature devices in communication, sensing, and quantum technologies, there is an urgent need for models that accurately describe heat transport under confinement. We introduce a computational approach to obtain phonon heat capacity and heat transport rates between solids in various confined geometries, that can be easily integrated into, e.g., the standard two-temperature model.
 Confinement significantly reduces heat capacity and may slow down heat transport. We have validated our model in experiments on strongly disordered NbTiN superconducting nanostructures, widely used in highly efficient single-photon detectors, and we argue that confinement is due to their polycrystalline granular structure. These findings point to potential advances in cryogenic device performance through tailored material and microstructure engineering.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.12090
Opportunities to Improve Household Food Security Through Promoting Informal Maize Marketing Channels: Experience from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Creators: name: Traub, Lulama Ndibongo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Traub, Lulama Ndibongo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: maize
subject: marketing
subject: South Africa

description: Maize meal is a staple food in South Africa, particularly among the poor. The South African government by the mid-1980s enacted a series of legislations aimed at reducing the role of government within the market and placing increasing reliance on market forces and the private sector. Ex post studies of the impact of maize market reform in neighboring countries found that, in general, the reforms led to lower maize milling/retailing margins in real terms. However, in the case of South Africa, recent analysis indicates that maize market reform has not reduced processing and retailing margins in the maize meal supply chain. The study objectives are to determine actual and potential consumer demand for the types of maize meal capable of being produced by small-scale mills, to measure the potential impact of small-scale grain retailing and milling channels on households’ disposable income and food security, and to identify the factors responsible for the negligible role of small-scale milling sector in South Africa.
Using Empirical Information in the Era of HIV/AIDS to Inform Mitigation and Rural Development Strategies: Selected Results from African Country Studies
Creators: name: Mather, David
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Mather, David
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Weber, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: HIV/AIDS

description: This paper summarizes empirical results from a synthesis of a set of country studies undertaken by Michigan State University and partner institutions in five African countries, each of which is based upon large-scale rural household surveys. The results demonstrate that the post-death land/labor ratios and income of rural households directly affected by prime-age adult mortality are more heterogeneous than implied by some of the literature and discussion among development practitioners.
A non-iterative method for the vertex corrections of the Kubo formula for electric conductivity
Creators: name: Wei, Yi-Wen
name: Li, Chao-Kai
name: Cao, Yuchuang
name: Feng, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In computing electric conductivity based on the Kubo formula, the vertex corrections describe such effects as anisotropic scattering and quantum interference and are important to quantum transport properties. These vertex corrections are obtained by solving Bethe-Salpeter equations, which can become numerically intractable when a large number of k-points and multiple bands are involved. We introduce a non-iterative approach to the vertex correction based on rank factorization of the impurity vertices, which significantly alleviate the computational burden. We demonstrate that this method can be implemented along with effective Hamiltonians extracted from electronic structure calculations on perfect crystals, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of quantum effects in electron conduction for real materials.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
InChI and InChIKey in Wikidata and Scholia
Creators: name: Willighagen, Egon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: InChI
Wikidata
Scholia
chemistry
InChIKey

description: Presentation given at the NIH Virtual Workshop on InChI, March 22-24, 2021 meeting about WikiProject Chemistry (to which I contribute), my Wikidata work, including adding chemical compounds, links to primary literature, etc, and about Scholia to visualize chemical data in Wikidata.
description: Additional funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under grant number G-2019-11458.
Supernova 1954J (Variable 12) in NGC 2403 Unmasked
Creators: name: Van Dyk, S. D.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Li, W.
name: Challis, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have confirmed that the precursor star of the unusual Supernova 1954J (also known as Variable 12) in NGC 2403 survived what appears to have been a super-outburst, similar to the 1843 Great Eruption of eta Carinae in the Galaxy. The apparent survivor has changed little in brightness and color over the last eight years, and a Keck spectrum reveals characteristics broadly similar to those of eta Car. This is further suggested by our identification of the actual outburst-surviving star in high-resolution images obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. We reveal this ``supernova impostor'' as a highly luminous (M_V^0 ~ -8.0 mag), very massive (M_initial >~ 25 Msun) eruptive star, now surrounded by a dusty (A_V ~ 4 mag) nebula, similar to eta Car's famous Homunculus.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, to appear in the 2005 June PASP
Atmospheric escape in hot Jupiters under sub-Alfvénic interactions
Creators: name: Presa, Andrés
name: Driessen, Florian A.
name: Vidotto, Aline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hot Jupiters might reside inside the Alfvén surface of their host star wind, where the stellar wind is dominated by magnetic energy. The implications of such a sub-Alfvénic environment for atmospheric escape are not fully understood. Here, we employ 3-D radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations and Lyman-$α$ transit calculations to investigate atmospheric escape properties of magnetised hot Jupiters. By varying the planetary magnetic field strength ($B_p$) and obliquity, we find that the structure of the outflowing atmosphere transitions from a magnetically unconfined regime, where a tail of material streams from the nightside of the planet, to a magnetically confined regime, where material escapes through the polar regions. Notably, we find an increase in the planet escape rate with $B_p$ in both regimes, with a local decrease when the planet transitions from the unconfined to the confined regime. Contrary to super-Alfvénic interactions, which predicted two polar outflows from the planet, our sub-Alfvénic models show only one significant polar outflow. In the opposing pole, the planetary field lines connect to the star. Finally, our synthetic Ly-$α$ transits show that both the red-wing and blue-wing absorptions increase with $B_p$. Furthermore, there is a degeneracy between $B_p$ and the stellar wind mass-loss rate when considering absorption of individual Lyman-$α$ wings. This degeneracy can be broken by considering the ratio between the blue-wing and the red-wing absorptions, as stronger stellar winds result in higher blue-to-red absorption ratios. We show that, by using the absorption ratios, Lyman-$α$ transits can probe stellar wind properties and exoplanetary magnetic fields.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures (including 2 in the appendix), 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Microwave AC voltage induced phase change in Sb$_2$Te$_3$ nanowires
Creators: name: Tse, Pok-Lam
name: Mugica-Sanchez, Laura
name: Tian, Fugu
name: Ruger, Oliver
name: Undisz, Andreas
name: Moethrath, George
name: Takahashi, Susumu
name: Ronning, Carsten
name: Lu, Jia Grace
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scaling information bits to ever smaller dimensions is a dominant drive for information technology (IT). Nanostructured phase change material emerges as a key player in the current green-IT endeavor with low power consumption, functional modularity and promising scalability. In this work, we present the demonstration of microwave AC voltage induced phase change phenomenon at 3 GHz in single Sb$_2$Te$_3$ nanowires. The resistance change by a total of 6 - 7 orders of magnitude is evidenced by a transition from the crystalline metallic to the amorphous semiconducting phase, which is cross-examined by temperature dependent transport measurement and high-resolution electron microscopy analysis. This discovery could potentially tailor multi-state information bit encoding and discrimination along a single nanowire, rendering technology advancement for neuro-inspired computing devices.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 1 of Real-time quantitative PCR assay development and application for assessment of agricultural surface water and various fecal matter for prevalence of Aliarcobacter faecis and Aliarcobacter lanthieri
Creators: name: Miltenburg, Mary G.
name: Cloutier, Michel
name: Craiovan, Emilia
name: Lapen, David R.
name: Wilkes, Graham
name: Topp, Edward
name: Khan, Izhar U. H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1A&B. Real-time qPCR amplified product confirmation on 2% agarose gel for A. faecis LMG 28519 reference strain and field isolates (Panel A; Lanes 1–4) and A. lanthieri reference strain LMG 28516 and field isolates (Panel B; Lanes 1–4) with an expected 152 and 72 bp sizes, respectively. Lanes 5 and 11: A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, A. thereius, A. trophiarum, A. cibarius and no DNA template (PCR reaction mix) served as negative controls; M: 100 bp DNA size marker. Supplementary Figure 2A&B. Real-time qPCR amplified product confirmation on 2% agarose gel showing positive and negative field samples for A. faecis (Panel A) and A. lanthieri (Panel B) with an expected 152 and 72 bp sizes, respectively. Lane 1: A. faecis and A. lanthieri reference strains served as positive controls; M: 100 bp DNA size marker.
Mixing processes from CTD profiles using a lake-specific equation of state : Quesnel Lake
Creators: name: James, Christina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Quesnel Lake, is a deep (511m maximum depth) fjord-type lake in northeast British Columbia, Canada. Mixing processes in the lake exchange deep-water with surface water and contribute to the renewal of surface-water nutrients and oxygenated deep-water. These processes are of great consequence to the lake's trophic dynamics and understanding them will enable better management of the large salmon resources in Quesnel Lake. To better understand large-scale convective processes, a lake-specific equation of state was developed. Water samples were collected at locations around Quesnel Lake and analysed for ionic and non-ionic composition as well as other quantities that are integral to determining the lake's equation of state including pH, alkalinity and specific conductance. A relationship was developed to find lake water salinity from CTD data. Salinity was in turn related to density using a modified form of a general limnological equation of state. The equation of state developed for Quesnel Lake gives densities accurate to ± 0.0018kg/m³ whereas the general equation of state (based on seawater composition) is only accurate to ± 0.0158kg/m³ for Quesnel Lake water samples. The lake-specific equation of state was used to identify gravitational instability in density profiles estimated from CTD data. In order to compare water parcel density within a profile, the hydrostatic pressure effect must be removed. The three quantities that are used for this purpose, potential density, quasi-density and standard density, were compared. Quasi-density was found to be most appropriate for Quesnel Lake's deep water which is near the temperature of maximum density. Quesnel lake water column stability was quantified using the Brunt-Vaisala frequency calculated using quasi-density.
The Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa.
Creators: name: Traub, Lulama Ndibongo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Traub, Lulama Ndibongo
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: maize
subject: marketing

description: The Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa Abstract: This article determines the effect of market reform on the size of maize milling/retail margins in South Africa. Simulations indicate that the deregulation of maize meal prices has caused a 16 to 20% increase in the mean retail price of maize meal since 1997.
The Kondo Effect in Non-Equilibrium Quantum Dots: Perturbative Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Rosch, A.
name: Paaske, J.
name: Kroha, J.
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the properties of the Kondo model in equilibrium are very well understood, much less is known for Kondo systems out of equilibrium. We study the properties of a quantum dot in the Kondo regime, when a large bias voltage V and/or a large magnetic field B is applied. Using the perturbative renormalization group generalized to stationary nonequilibrium situations, we calculate renormalized couplings, keeping their important energy dependence. We show that in a magnetic field the spin occupation of the quantum dot is non-thermal, being controlled by V and B in a complex way to be calculated by solving a quantum Boltzmann equation. We find that the well-known suppression of the Kondo effect at finite V>>T_K (Kondo temperature) is caused by inelastic dephasing processes induced by the current through the dot. We calculate the corresponding decoherence rate, which serves to cut off the RG flow usually well inside the perturbative regime (with possible exceptions). As a consequence, the differential conductance, the local magnetization, the spin relaxation rates and the local spectral function may be calculated for large V,B >> T_K in a controlled way.
description: 9 pages, invited paper for a special edition of JPSJ "Kondo Effect -- 40 Years after the Discovery", some typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Climate change implications for the distribution of the babesiosis and anaplasmosis tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Creators: name: Marques, Roberta
name: Krüger, Rodrigo F.
name: A. Townsend Peterson
name: Melo, Larissa F. De
name: Vicenzi, Natália
name: Jiménez-García, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. General circulation models used in ecological niche modeling projections in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for 2050 and 2070.
Numerical Investigation of a Mesoscopic Vehicular Traffic Flow Model Based on a Stochastic Acceleration Process
Creators: name: Waldeer, K. Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper a spatial homogeneous vehicular traffic flow model based on a stochastic master equation of Boltzmann type in the acceleration variable is solved numerically for a special driver interaction model. The solution is done by a modified direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) well known in non equilibrium gas kinetic. The velocity and acceleration distribution functions in stochastic equilibrium, mean velocity, traffic density, ACN, velocity scattering and correlations between some of these variables and their car density dependences are discussed.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
A Cross-Country Analysis of Household Responses to Adult Mortality in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications For HIV/AIDS Mitigation And Rural Development Policies.
Creators: name: Mather, David
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Mazhangara, Edward
name: Bailey, Linda
name: Yoo, Kyeongwon
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
name: Mather, David
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Mazhangara, Edward
name: Bailey, Linda
name: Yoo, Kyeongwon
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: HIV/AIDS
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: mortality

description: This paper summarizes and synthesizes across the results of a set of country studies on the effects of prime-age adult mortality on rural households in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Zambia. Each study is based on large representative rural household surveys. These findings have implications for the design of efforts to mitigate some of the most important effects of rural adult mortality, and for key development policies and priorities.
Title II Food Aid and Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Principled Argument for When, and When Not, to Monetize
Creators: name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Howard, Julie A.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Howard, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: food aid
subject: monetization

description: This paper attempts to develop a set of principles and approaches to food aid, and specifically to monetization, that balance pragmatic short-run considerations against the need to pursue better long-term solutions. The paper summarizes trends in U.S. foreign assistance, and reviews historical and recent critiques of food aid.
Coexistence of Surface Ferromagnetism and Gapless Topological State in MnBi$_2$Te$_4$
Creators: name: Nevola, D.
name: Li, H. X.
name: Yan, J. -Q.
name: Moore, R. G.
name: Lee, H. -N.
name: Miao, H.
name: Johnson, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface magnetism and its correlation with the electronic structure are critical to understand the gapless topological surface state in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi$_2$Te$_4$. Here, using static and time resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we find a significant ARPES intensity change together with a gap opening on a Rashba-like conduction band. Comparison with a model simulation strongly indicates that the surface magnetism on cleaved MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ is the same as its bulk state. The coexistence of surface ferromagnetism and a gapless TSS uncovers the novel complexity of MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ that may be responsible for the low quantum anomalous Hall temperature of exfoliated MnBi$_2$Te$_4$.
Density Evolution for Asymmetric Memoryless Channels
Creators: name: Wang, C. -C.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Poor, H. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Density evolution is one of the most powerful analytical tools for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and graph codes with message passing decoding algorithms. With channel symmetry as one of its fundamental assumptions, density evolution (DE) has been widely and successfully applied to different channels, including binary erasure channels, binary symmetric channels, binary additive white Gaussian noise channels, etc. This paper generalizes density evolution for non-symmetric memoryless channels, which in turn broadens the applications to general memoryless channels, e.g. z-channels, composite white Gaussian noise channels, etc. The central theorem underpinning this generalization is the convergence to perfect projection for any fixed size supporting tree. A new iterative formula of the same complexity is then presented and the necessary theorems for the performance concentration theorems are developed. Several properties of the new density evolution method are explored, including stability results for general asymmetric memoryless channels. Simulations, code optimizations, and possible new applications suggested by this new density evolution method are also provided. This result is also used to prove the typicality of linear LDPC codes among the coset code ensemble when the minimum check node degree is sufficiently large. It is shown that the convergence to perfect projection is essential to the belief propagation algorithm even when only symmetric channels are considered. Hence the proof of the convergence to perfect projection serves also as a completion of the theory of classical density evolution for symmetric memoryless channels.
description: To appear in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Switching to Perennial Energy Crops under Uncertainty and Costly Reversibility
Creators: name: Song, Feng
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Song, Feng
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: real options
subject: irreversibility
subject: sunk costs
subject: land conversion
subject: biofuel
subject: cellulosic biomass
subject: dynamic modeling
subject: stochastic process
subject: biofuel policy

description: We study a farmer’s decision to convert traditional crop land into growing dedicated energy crops, taking in account sunk conversion costs, uncertainties in traditional and energy crop returns, and learning. The optimal decision rules differ significantly from the expected net present value rule, which ignores learning, and from real option models that allow only one way conversions into energy crops. These models also predict drastically different patterns of land conversions into and out of energy crops over time. Using corn-soybean rotations and switchgrass as examples, we show that the model predictions are sensitive to assumptions about stochastic processes of the returns. Government policies might have unintended consequences: subsidizing conversion costs into switchgrass reduces proportions of land in switchgrass in the long run.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE PNV UNIT UNAN-LEON USING PRODUCTION FUNCTION STOCHASTIC FRONTIER, 2007-2008
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Stochastic Frontier Production
subject: Forest Police
subject: LSMS-ISA MECOVI
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Allocative Efficiency.

description: This article measures and analyses the workers technical efficiency in the production virus unit of the Naun-Leon, during period 2007-2008. For our study we use sectional cruces data take on a normal half Distribution and the measure methodology known as Stochastic Frontier Production Function (Coelli, 1995). The results shown, with technology known as production of polyhedrons nuclear virus (PNV), that the workers were underused in a 58 % during period of study. This indicator makes emphasis on the organizing levels workers to face the technology applied, training and education levels. From this results, is advising to reflect about the combine of technology applied with the worker rational use, to refer the organization, technical training by up productive level and up technical efficiency. In addition, I suggest the necessary for a worker reengineering or worker specializing of the unit PNV, focuses it in satisfies dose Production demand that involve the strengthening of business with farmers. Aggressive strategy business will be suggested.
description: Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMUOS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON INVESTIGATION VICERECTOR, POSTPGRADUATE AND SOCIAL PROJECTION 2th SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS ¨THE INVESTIGATION A WAY TO THE KNOWLEGE AND DEVELOPMENT¨ 17 NOVIEMBRE 2009
ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFCIENCY OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN FOREST FARMING NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Stochastic Frontier Production
subject: Forest Police
subject: LSMS-ISA MECOVI
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Allocative Efficiency.

description: This paper analyses the farming technical efficiency that make forest activities. The purpose is to assess the impact of the political minimum salary and political fiscal in forest subsector that it is implemented by the governments during the period 1998-2005. I use data base of home survey (MECOVI) from INIDE and the methodology of measuring known as Stochastic Frontier Production Function (Coelli, 1995). Generally speaking, we observe a decreasing trend, but it is acceptable in a 0.90 of the technical efficiency in the farms that combine the forest activity like likelihood in your home. It is evidenced as a positive impact and increasing of application taxation policy and forest technology that promote forest measure that contribute to improve the environmental ecosystem. The governmental institutions that either supervises or monitoring the implement of this political measure, I suggest them consider this investigation results as far as to improve your applicable to political forest with special emphasis in farmers training and education of technology applicable in the forest sector.
description: Presented at: UNIVERSITIES NATIONAL COUNCIL III UNVERSITY SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS 41 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CATHOLIC FARMING LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF THE DRY TROPIC ¨UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY: A STRATEGY FOR CONFRONTING THE NATIONAL GLOBAL CHALLENGE¨ 23 SEPTEMBER 2009
MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Malmquist Index
subject: Technological Change
subject: Technical Efficiency Change
subject: Returns scale efficiency change
subject: total factors productivity
subject: LSMS-ISA MECOVI

description: The paper analyses the technical efficiency and productivity of forest Economic activity, during period 1998-2005, in a context where the climate change and the farm management impact in the sustainable management of the resource land. In our study applied the Malmquist DEA Index, where we assess the forest activity with constant returns scale and decreasing returns scale. The results evidenced that the farms studied increasing the technical efficiency in training and education about the forest theme, however it have a decrease on the technology application, and it was reduced in 0.4720. The forest pure efficiency Change increased in 0.447 during period 2001 to 3.298 on 2005, this situation shows the local actors contribution for improving the productive system with technical forest. The scale change index showed a small decreasing. The total productivity index showed positive increasing from 0.479 on 2001 to 1.602 on 2005. Thus, the taxation policy to the forest activity show positive and encourage indicators as productivity, however I suggest check the application of the forest technology.
description: Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009
The Impact of the financial and Economic Crisis on Central America: An Expenditure GDP approach
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Expenditure GDP approach
subject: Financial Crisis
subject: Economic impact
subject: Regression Analysis

description: This article applies expenditure GDP approach for analyzing the impact of financial and economic crisis on Central America1 (BCN, 2004). I use the regression analysis method of multivariable statistical analysis to establish a multiple linear regression model about the mean expenditure variables that they are estimated during 2000 to 2008, therefore I calculate forecast for 2010. In general terms, those countries present yours economies with a declining trend. So I suggest some measures to support the impact in our economies.
description: The 2009 conferences will provide many opportunities for the presentation of important new research and for productive, structured dialogue on the major challenges facing the global response to the financial crisis. Conference organisers are developing a wide variety of session types that meet the needs of various participants and support collective efforts to communities worldwide. Central to many of these sessions will be the transfer of knowledge and sharing of best practices.
description: Presented at: Centre for Economic Research and Sustainable Development International Conference on: Impact and Implications of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis on Sustainable Development Toronto, Ontario, Canadá-New York USA; Proposals for an Integrated Global Response to the Crisis
EXPERT OPINION AND CUISINE REPUTATION IN THE MARKET FOR RESTAURANT MEALS
Creators: name: Fogarty, James Joseph
name: Fogarty, James Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Expert Opinion
subject: Food
subject: Hedonic Pricing

description: As food is an experience good, the market for restaurant meals is a market where the cost of acquiring information regarding quality is relatively high. In such markets consumers often turn to reputation measures to guide purchase decisions. As Australia does not have a longstanding cuisine style of its own, and given Australia has been open to substantial immigration inflows since federation, it represents an especially appropriate market to study regarding the impact of individual restaurant reputation and collective cuisine reputation on meal prices. The following study uses the hedonic price approach to investigate the implicit price of individual reputation indicators, cuisine type reputation indicators, and other objective indicators in the market for restaurant meals. The empirical findings presented suggest that both individual restaurant reputation and cuisine type reputation are important. Other important factors are shown to include the quality of the restaurant wine list, the availability of private dining rooms, and whether or not there is an outdoor dining option.