cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Solar Cells on Silicon Ribbons Doped With Sprayed Boric Acid as a Doping Source
Creators: name: Silva, J.A.
name: Brito, M.
name: Di Sabatino, M.
name: Lobato, K.
name: Costa, I.
name: Maia Alves, J.
name: Serra, J.
name: Vallêra, A.M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1978-1980
description: The method for boron bulk doping of silicon ribbons based on the use of sprayed boric acid as a doping source is particularly suitable for producing p-type silicon ribbons that require zone melting recrystallisation (ZMR). This paper reports on a test of the application of this method for the doping of multicrystalline material that was used as the base material for solar cells. The aim was to study the material deterioration due to the spray doping process. Analysis of solar cell performance, lifetime measurements and GDMS contaminants detection, suggest that the doping process with boric acid solution does not produce detectable deterioration of the material quality compared to the control (non-recrystalised) materials.
Application of Laser Doped Contact Structure on Multicrystalline Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tjahjono, B.
name: Wang, S.
name: Sugianto, A.
name: Mai, L.
name: Hameiri, Z.
name: Borojevic, N.
name: Ho-Baillie, A.
name: Wenham, S.R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1995-2000
description: Formation of selective emitters via the use of laser doping has provided a simple, low cost way of overcoming many of the fundamental performance limitations associated with conventional screen-printed solar cells. A particular strength of the Laser Doped (LD) solar cell concept when applied to multicrystalline wafers is that it can produce localised heavily doped regions without subjecting the entire wafer to high temperature processes. However, the presence of grain boundaries in multicrystalline wafers presents many challenges in LD solar cells, particularly during the laser doping and metal plating processes. The use of stack thin SiO2 underneath SiNx is a possible solution to these problems but it introduces other challenges, such as non-optimum hydrogenation process for bulk passivation. Conversion efficiency over 16% on commercial grade multicrystalline cells has been achieved to date with further room for improvements in the future.
Tracking of I-V Curves on Industrial PV Modules: A Better Understanding of the Outdoor Staebler Wronski Effect
Creators: name: Feitknecht, L.
name: Markstaler, M.
name: Grabher, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4279-4280
description: This paper reports on the approach chosen by NTB since 2005 to perform outdoor monitoring of solar
PV modules. Especially thin-film silicon PV modules are known to show a cyclic power output. Such metastable
behavior of the electrical power observed correlates with warm / cool climatic variations. This is the motivation to
collect not only electrical module data but also meteorological data. ALIDO (Another Light Induced Illumination
Output) stands for the hardware capability and the data mining of such acquisition as performed in Switzerland as a
first place, other locations may come. Especially the relationship between the amount of light-induced power
variation and the influence of the light spectrum is investigated. Spectrally resolved PV-module behavior is of keyinterest
for multijunction devices. Based on one sunny day, the comparison of PV-data of a single-junction module
with PV-data of a multijunction module reveal a detailed study on top-limiting or bottom-limiting sub-cells of the
multijunction device under test.
Seasonal Performance of Monocrystalline Silicon Modules in a Mediterranean Site
Creators: name: Perraki, V.
name: Georgitsas, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4281-4284
description: Solar photovoltaic power is a commercially available and reliable technology with an enormous
potential for long-term development in nearly all world regions. Therefore, Greece as a Mediterranean country is
subject to high irradiation which favors the module’s performance and makes the area of strategic importance for PV
markets. This paper presents the yearly results on the field performance of a mono-crystalline silicon PV module
under real operating conditions. The module was installed in both fixed tilt and manual tracking modes on the roof of
the building of the Electrical and Computer Engineer’s department at the University of Patras Greece (latitude 380).
Data was monitored using a PVPM measuring device. The objective of this paper is to review and evaluate monocrystalline
silicon PV technology under the influence of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, module temperature,
tilt angle and various meteorological conditions throughout a whole year. Finally, the total output energy yield and
efficiency per month are also presented.
Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of ZnO/ SiO2 /p-Si Structure with Outsized Diode Factor
Creators: name: Kavasoglu, N.
name: Kavasoglu, A.S.
name: Pakma, O.
name: Kabakci, M.
name: Birgi, O.
name: Oktik, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 457-460
description: ZnO/p-Si structure has the advantage of improved light absorption in the wavelength range between
900 and 400 nm thus potentially attractive for photovoltaic applications. In this study, ZnO was fabricated on p-Si by
sol-gel spin coating technique. Native SiO2 insulator layer was unintentionally grown on the p-Si after cleaning. The
electrical properties of the ZnO/SiO2/p-Si structure were investigated by means of current voltage and capacitancevoltage
measurements under dark conditions in the temperature range 70-310 K. The results demonstrated that the
structure shows rectifying behaviour. We calculated outsized diode factor increasing from 23 to 45 as the temperature
decreases. Apparently outsized diode factors of ZnO/SiO2/p-Si structure are most probably due to a thin amorphous
or disordered interface region, native insulator layer, and temperature dependent barrier height [1,2,3]. Barrier height
values of the ZnO/SiO2/p-Si structure linearly vary between 0.14 and 0.54 eV as the temperature increases. Barrier
height distribution leads to an increasing diode factor with decreasing temperature. Interface state density was also
calculated and interface state curve for each temperature shifts towards to midgap with increasing temperature.
First Results With an Industrial Process for Textured EFG Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Blendin, G.
name: Horzel, J.
name: Seidl, A.
name: Teppe, A.
name: Vaas, K.
name: Schum, B.
name: Schmidt, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1981-1986
description: Former work [1] had demonstrated that it is possible to improve the solar cell efficiency of EFG Si solar cells by applying an adapted texturing process to EFG Si wafers. The former work did not yet succeed in identifying a beneficial in-line solar cell production process sequence. It was the goal of this work to develop and optimise in-line processing sequences for the complete solar cell process including emitter diffusion. This Paper reports on progress in developing three different in-line diffusion processes for textured EFG wafers (3 ohm cm, ~300 μm thick, 125 x 125 mm2 EFG Si solar cells) applying different phosphorous sources. First results from a piloting phase in an industrial environment with an optimised processing sequence demonstrated EFG Si solar cells with an average efficiency of 15.3 % and top efficiencies up to 16.0 %.
The Effect of Transportation Impacts and Dynamic Load Tests on the Mechanical and Electrical Behaviour of Crystalline PV Modules
Creators: name: Reil, F.
name: Althaus, J.
name: Vaassen, W.
name: Herrmann, W.
name: Strohkendl, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3989-3992
description: In the broadly IEC standards for type approval testing of photovoltaic modules (IEC 61215/61646) it is
noticeable, that mechanical load testing (test code 10.16) is only considering static loads. To estimate and
characterize also the performance and lifetime behaviour of PV modules in regards to dynamic loads, additional tests
need to be carried out under different load parameters. Various mechanical stresses in reality can be expected by
transportation, wind and thermo-mechanical loads. To analyze the influence under adapted simulations, a test
procedure has been worked out to evaluate the mechanical and electrical behaviour of different crystalline PV
modules. Within this scientific paper, we highlight experiments on transportation tests combined with environmental
simulations on single PV modules and complete shipping stacks and the consequence on their electrical and
mechanical performance.
Inclusive Education: Participation of Children with Disabilities in Australian Mainstream Preschools
Creators: name: Johora, Fatema Taj
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law
Early childhood education

description: Children with disabilities are attending mainstream preschools in Australia. However, very little is known about their participation process in mainstream settings. This study explored how mainstream preschools are creating conditions for their participation and how children with disabilities creating their way to participate as active participants. The researcher observed and video recorded the participation of four focus children in a long-day-care centre. Educators were also interviewed. Based on the cultural-historical analysis, the findings created a pivot for rethinking disability, participation and inclusion of children with disabilities in early years in an Australian context.
The effect of rurality on the aspirations of students in rural government secondary schools in Victoria, Australia: The perspectives of students.
Creators: name: STEPHENS, ROBERT JOHN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This research examines the aspirations of rural students in Victoria from the point of view of the students themselves. The many effects that rurality has on aspirations are considered, focusing on the students themselves, their families, friends and schools, as well as their connection to the community and rural isolation. Data was collected from 363 surveys and fourteen focus groups conducted in rural and metropolitan secondary schools in Victoria. The research shows that rurality has a profound effect on the aspirations of many rural students, and suggestions for future action are provided.
Field Stations in Norway and Kenya for Comparative Analysis of Compensated and Standard Solar-Grade Polysilicon Modules
Creators: name: Imenes, A.G.
name: Buseth, T.
name: Odden, J.O.
name: Yordanov, G.H.
name: Midtgård, O.-M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4294-4300
description: The objective of this work is to compare the performance of photovoltaic modules made from Elkem
Solar SiliconTM in an energy-efficient metallurgical route, with identical modules made from standard solar grade
silicon purified in a traditional chemical process. Outdoor field stations located in Kristiansand, Norway and near
Kisumu, Kenya are described. Some of the outdoor test results are presented, complemented by indoor measurements
from an international accredited laboratory. The field stations are also important as a cross-cultural educational tool
for the wider acceptance and implementation of photovoltaic technology. Students in Norway and Kenya have
participated in the commissioning of the field stations, as well as the ongoing monitoring and data analysis.
Understanding the relations between the social climate and help seeking in secondary mathematics classes
Creators: name: SMALLEY, ROY THOMAS
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Secondary education

description: This study examined the relations between students’ perceptions of the social climate of the secondary mathematics classroom and their help-seeking goals and intentions, in an effort to understand the factors that promote and hinder academic help-seeking. Help-seeking is an important self-regulated behaviour, enabling students to deal with academic challenge and consolidate their understanding in the mathematics classroom. The findings highlight the importance of integrating student-centred learning approaches in the traditional task-oriented secondary mathematics classroom. The use of cooperative learning approaches directly promoted students’ instrumental help-seeking, and indirectly reduced their help-seeking avoidance by supporting their social self-efficacy with peers.
Improved critical eigenfunction restriction estimates on Riemannian surfaces with nonpositive curvature
Creators: name: Xi, Yakun
name: Zhang, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that one can obtain improved $L^4$ geodesic restriction estimates for eigenfunctions on compact Riemannian surfaces with nonpositive curvature. We achieve this by adapting Sogge's strategy in proving improved critical $L^p$ estimates. We first combine the improved $L^2$ restriction estimate of Blair and Sogge and the classical improved $L^\infty$ estimate of Bérard to obtain an improved weak-type $L^4$ restriction estimate. We then upgrade this weak estimate to a strong one by using the improved Lorentz space estimate of Bak and Seeger. This estimate improves the $L^4$ restriction estimate of Burq, Gérard and Tzvetkov and Hu by a power of $(\log\logλ)^{-1}$. Moreover, in the case of compact hyperbolic surfaces, we obtain further improvements in terms of $(\logλ)^{-1}$ by applying the ideas from recent works of Chen, Sogge and Blair, Sogge. We are able to compute various constants that appeared in the work of Chen and Sogge explicitly, by proving detailed oscillatory integral estimates and lifting calculations to the universal cover $\mathbb H^2$.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, minor corrections
Photo-Conductivity Lock-In: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Measurement Results
Creators: name: Cornagliotti, E.
name: Kang, X.
name: John, J.
name: Beaucarne, G.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1987-1990
description: Photo-conductivity lock-in is a technique developed in our laboratories for the analysis of recombination details in semiconductors. Thanks to its high sensitivity, it enables the study of generation/recombination processes at low levels of carrier injection, allowing thus an effective evaluation of the influence of the artificial effects intrinsic in photo-conductivity based lifetime measurement. Such effects, which can be partially explained by minority carrier trapping and depletion region modulation (DRM) effects at surfaces and/or at charged defects, may well conceal the actual recombination lifetime values, but, on the other hand, do provide a source of information on the material, for which careful interpretation is needed. In this work, the relationship between the measurement methodology, the recombination parameters and the experimental results is presented and discussed both in a qualitative and quantitative manner.
Distributed Resistance Effects Simulation in Concentrator MJ SCs Using 3D-Network Model
Creators: name: Emelyanov, V.M.
name: Kalyuzhnyy, N.A.
name: Mintairov, M.A.
name: Mintairov, S.A.
name: Shvarts, M.Z.
name: Lantratov, V.M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 406-411
description: A new 3D model for estimating influence of the effects associated with the distributing character of
internal resistances in multijunction solar cells has been elaborated. In the model, a cell is divided by area into some
number of units, each photoactive junction of which is described by an equivalent circuit consisting of the current
source, series resistance, shunting resistance and three diodes with different ideality factors. Two diodes connected
with the current source in the forward polarity simulate the injection and recombination mechanisms of the current
flow. Including the third diode connected to the circuit in the opposite direction, which simulates the reverse branch
of the subcell dark J-V characteristic, allows simulating more correctly the J-V characteristic of multijunction solar
cells at their operation in the conditions of the spatial and spectral redistribution of the illumination created by
sunlight concentrators due to the chromatic aberration. The J-V characteristic of a GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cell under
500X Fresnel lens concentrator has been calculated. Influence of the shape of the reverse branch of the GaInAs
subcell dark J-V characteristic and the photoeffect in the tunnel diode on the J-V characteristic of a multijunction
solar cell have been estimated. Dependencies of the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor and the efficiency on the
concentration ratio for a GaInP/GaInAs/Ge cell have been simulated and compared with measured ones. It has been
shown that the 3D model provides the much better accuracy than the non-distributed circuit does: the optimal number
of units to divide a multijunction solar cell on ensuring the necessary calculation accuracy has been estimated.
New Method for Improved Bypass Diode Junction Temperature Measurement in a Solar Junction Box
Creators: name: Förster, M.
name: Wernicke, T.
name: Hoehne, H.
name: Totzek, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4244-4247
description: The purpose of the work is the evaluation of a new non-intrusive measurement technique for the solar
junction box bypass diode temperature determination, based on temperature dependent semiconductor parameters.
The new method is compared to conventional measurement methods for junction box approval and certification as
described in IEC61215.
Anisotropic star models in the context of vanishing complexity
Creators: name: Arias, C.
name: Contreras, E.
name: Fuenmayor, E.
name: Ramos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the definition of complexity for static and self--gravitating objects to build up three physical general relativistic anisotropic models fulfilling the vanishing complexity condition which serves to provide the extra information needed to close the system of Einstein field equations. We evaluate the physical acceptability of these models by testing some of the conditions that the geometric and material sector must satisfy in order to be considered as reasonable realistic models. We present the results of this analysis by asserting that the studied cases demonstrate to be feasible and stable under the chosen set of parameters. Furthermore, the $P_{\perp}=0$ and the Consenza's anisotropy models that seem not satisfying the expect conditions are also discussed.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2208.10260
Influence of Design Parameters on the Nominal Operation Cell Temperature of PV Modules
Creators: name: Sánchez-Friera, P.
name: Fernández, M.
name: Piliougine Rocha, M.
name: Sidrach-De-Cardona, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4253-4256
description: Reducing the nominal operation cell temperature (NOCT) of a PV module is one way to increase the
energy yield and performance ratio of PV systems. We have built a thermal model of the PV module, in order to
analyze the influence of different module design and installation parameters on the thermal performance of the
system. The impact of building integrated installations on the thermal performance has been investigated. Several PV
module samples with different configurations have been built and experimentally monitored in order to verify the
model results. Also, the influence of the operating temperature on the energy yield of PV modules has been analyzed
through simulations and experimental measurements.
The Haight-Ruzsa method for sets with more differences than multiple sums
Creators: name: Nathanson, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17, 11B13, 11B30, 11B75, 11P99

description: Let $h$ be a positive integer and let $\varepsilon > 0$. The Haight-Ruzsa method produces a positive integer $m^*$ and a subset $A$ of the additive abelian group $\mathbf{Z}/m^*\mathbf{Z}$ such that the difference set is large in the sense that $A-A = \mathbf{Z}/m^*\mathbf{Z}$ and $h$-fold sumset is small in the sense that $|hA| < \varepsilon m^*$. This note describes, and in a modest way extends, the Haight-Ruzsa argument, and constructs sets with more differences than multiple sums in other additive abelian groups.
description: 10 pages
High Heat Capacity Cutting Slurry Development for Sub-180µm Poly-Crystalline PV Wafers
Creators: name: Prölß, J.
name: Braun, S.
name: Oetter, G.
name: Heinz, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1259-1260
description: Cutting slurries for wafering silicon briggs are nowadays based on polyethylene glycols (PEG) and include
silicon carbide (SiC) as abrasive. Production of thinner wafers results in technological difficulties such as an
increased heat density within the work piece. Conventional PEG-based cutting slurries are not capable of meeting
these new demands. Hence we propose a (partial) replacement of PEG by liquids with higher heat capacity in this paper.
Therefore we have investigated the performance of novel water containing slurries. We have shown that the addition
of water to PEG-based slurries significantly alters important properties such as viscosity or the ability to disperse
the loose abrasive. These effects could be countered by the use of additives yielding high heat capacity slurries for
application tests under ambitious cutting conditions.
Analysis of the Residual Stress Field Associated with Particles in Multi-Crystalline Silicon
Creators: name: M'Hamdi, M.
name: Gouttebroze, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1265-1268
description: Directionally crystallized multicrystalline ingots contain several types of particles such SiC and Si3N4.
These particles can form in the liquid phase and then become trapped by the advancing crystallization front or
nucleate and grow at grain boundaries due to segregation and diffusion of impurities. The presence of these particles
generates local stresses and plastic deformation in the Si matrix. A better understanding of the mechanical behavior
of Si in the presence of these particles is useful in order to prevent the formation of dislocation clusters and prevent
fracture during ingot cooling. The purpose of the present work is to estimate residual stresses induced by the thermal
mismatch between the silicon matrix and the silicon carbide and silicon nitride particles. In a first step a simple
thermo-elastic analysis is carried out to provide an estimate of the stress build-up in and around the particles during
cooling from the melting point to room temperature. In a second step, a finite element model is used to compute the
residual stress field taking into account plastic deformation at high temperature. The results show that particles can
serve as a nucleation site for dislocation generation and that significant stresses can be present in the immediate
vicinity of the particles
Interdigitated Back Contact a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Modelling: Limiting Parameters Influence on Device Efficiency
Creators: name: Diouf, D.
name: Kleider, J.P.
name: Desrues, T.
name: Ribeyron, P.-J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1949-1952
description: In this paper, interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SiHJ) solar cells are investigated. Two dimensional numerical simulations for IBC-SiHJ solar cells have been performed with ATLAS 2-D and 3-D device simulation software that allows accurate bulk and interface defects modelling. We here focus on IBC-SiHJ structure on p-type crystalline silicon substrate varying the following parameters: bulk resistivity (doping concentration), BSF width, gap between the two doped layers (BSF and emitter), metal coverage of emitter contact and contact resistance. The influence of these parameters has been tested by generating the current-voltage under AM1.5 illumination. Concerning the rear side geometry of IBC-SiHJ solar cell, the short circuit current JSC is found to be limited by the width of the BSF and of the gap. Possible explanations for fill factor losses in IBC-SiHJ solar cells have been determined: high bulk resistivity, partial metal coverage of emitter contact by aluminum and high contact resistance.
Two-Dimensional Computer Analysis of a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Nawaz, M.
name: Holt, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 412-415
description: A theoretical design analysis using two dimensional computer aided design tool (i.e., TCAD) is
presented for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells. A set of device physical and geometrical parameters such as
thicknesses, doping, bandgap discontinuities, contact resistivities, contact width, minority carrier life time, interface
traps have been studied using AM1.5 solar spectrum at room temperature. A thermionic field emission transport
model at the heterointerface is found to be critical for accurately predicting the solar cell efficiency comparable to
that of real devices. With this, an efficiency over 20 % has been obtained over a range of band discontinuity values
(EC = x.Eg, where x is a variable in our simulation and Eg is the difference of the bandgap of two materials).
Keeping almost the same efficiency performance, a bandgap discontinuity limitation is fairly relaxed by introducing a
thin step graded a-Si layer which facilitates the transport of the carriers at the heterointerfaces. An n-doping in the c-
Si absorber of 0.1 – 1 x1017 cm-3 is found to be optimal for achieving maximum solar efficiency. A solar cell
efficiency significantly degrades for interface traps density exceeding 5 x 1011 cm-3 values. This efficiency decay is
faster for larger trap cross-section (> 1.0 x 1014 cm2).
Mechanical Stress Tests on mc-Si Wafers With Microcracks
Creators: name: Gustafsson, J.
name: Larsson, H.
name: Solheim, H.J.
name: Boström, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1957-1960
description: Micro crack detection and mechanical twist tests have been performed on as-cut wafers for solar cell production. A relation between the mechanical strength and crack length has been suggested. There is no indication of growth of crack length from repeated stress tests below the critical stress. It was found that edge cracks are more critical than interior cracks of same length. Breakage force is both dependent on crack geometry and position. Once the stress exceeds the
critical stress complete failure of the wafer occurs. Breakage always originates at the position of the observed microcrack.
RIBAC: Towards Robust and Imperceptible Backdoor Attack against Compact DNN
Creators: name: Phan, Huy
name: Shi, Cong
name: Xie, Yi
name: Zhang, Tianfang
name: Li, Zhuohang
name: Zhao, Tianming
name: Liu, Jian
name: Wang, Yan
name: Chen, Yingying
name: Yuan, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently backdoor attack has become an emerging threat to the security of deep neural network (DNN) models. To date, most of the existing studies focus on backdoor attack against the uncompressed model; while the vulnerability of compressed DNNs, which are widely used in the practical applications, is little exploited yet. In this paper, we propose to study and develop Robust and Imperceptible Backdoor Attack against Compact DNN models (RIBAC). By performing systematic analysis and exploration on the important design knobs, we propose a framework that can learn the proper trigger patterns, model parameters and pruning masks in an efficient way. Thereby achieving high trigger stealthiness, high attack success rate and high model efficiency simultaneously. Extensive evaluations across different datasets, including the test against the state-of-the-art defense mechanisms, demonstrate the high robustness, stealthiness and model efficiency of RIBAC. Code is available at https://github.com/huyvnphan/ECCV2022-RIBAC
description: Code is available at https://github.com/huyvnphan/ECCV2022-RIBAC
An Hybrid LED/Halogen Large-Area Solar Simulator Allowing for Variable Spectrum and Variable Illumination Pulse Shape
Creators: name: Lo, A.
name: Despeisse, M.
name: Théron, R.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4232-4235
description: Commercial large-area solar simulators are principally in the form of Xenon flashers, which intrinsically have a
short flash duration time, typically 100 ms at low spectrum quality and 10 ms at high spectrum quality. This
implies measurement time constraints not adapted to the characterization of new generations of photovoltaic
modules such as high-efficiency crystalline silicon modules, which can exhibit transient effects leading to
measurement artifacts [1]. Moreover, thin film technologies require a high spectral match and possibly a variable
spectrum of the illumination source for the accurate power-rating of multi-junctions based solar modules. An
alternative large-area solar simulator solution is proposed for the power rating and the diagnostic of such
generations of solar modules. The developed simulator makes use of a combination of different power LEDs and
halogen lamps in a particular matrix configuration, integrated into a 1 m × 1 m table with mirrors. The
constructed prototype demonstrates an AAA classification according to the IEC norms [2], allows for long
illumination (200 ms to continuous) and permits controlled variation of the spectrum and of the intensity of the
illumination.
Test Procedures on the Test Bench – Model Tests for Loading Tests on Solar Modules and Solar Collectors
Creators: name: Herfurth, D.
name: Tost, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3984-3988
description: The development of photovoltaic modules for direct energetic conversion of sunlight into electrical energy
has advanced very rapidly. With the growing number of photovoltaic parks and communal projects, the demand for
reliable attachment systems with long-lasting life cycles and maximum security vis-a-vis weather changes has grown too.
Photovoltaic modules must withstand snow and strong winds over the course of the year. In some locations with very
high snow exposure damage to the modules can nevertheless occur. In the worst case, module components can fall from
the roof and cause damage to people or property. The safety of the systems can no longer be guaranteed. In practice,
photovoltaic modules are mounted on sloping roofs or in open landscape on attachment systems with an ideal angle to
insulation. These conditions are reproduced with the help of mechanical basic equations, experiments in the company’s
own laboratory and FEM (finite element method) calculations and the stresses, deformations and tensions on the
aluminium frame are investigated. In this regard, models of the modules are generated using CAD Autodesk Inventor®,
exported to ANSYS® and simulated under various loads. The theoretical and practical results are compared. The goal is
obtaining a superior method of analysis and more precise results. In this regard, geometrical changes and other materials
are considered as well, in order to achieve optimisation of the service life and sturdier frames.
Optimal Bootstrapping of PoW Blockchains
Creators: name: Rana, Ranvir
name: Karakostas, Dimitris
name: Kannan, Sreeram
name: Kiayias, Aggelos
name: Viswanath, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proof of Work (PoW) blockchains are susceptible to adversarial majority mining attacks in the early stages due to incipient participation and corresponding low net hash power. Bootstrapping ensures safety and liveness during the transient stage by protecting against a majority mining attack, allowing a PoW chain to grow the participation base and corresponding mining hash power. Liveness is especially important since a loss of liveness will lead to loss of honest mining rewards, decreasing honest participation, hence creating an undesired spiral; indeed existing bootstrapping mechanisms offer especially weak liveness guarantees. In this paper, we propose Advocate, a new bootstrapping methodology, which achieves two main results: (a) optimal liveness and low latency under a super-majority adversary for the Nakamoto longest chain protocol and (b) immediate black-box generalization to a variety of parallel-chain based scaling architectures, including OHIE and Prism. We demonstrate via a full-stack implementation the robustness of Advocate under a 90% adversarial majority.
Thin Film PV Tile: Long Term Operational Experience in Mediterranean Climate
Creators: name: Apicella, F.
name: Giglio, V.
name: Pellegrino, M.
name: Ferlito, S.
name: Tanikawa, F.
name: Okamoto, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4261-4264
description: The continuous monitoring carried out by ENEA in collaboration with KANEKA about the
performance of thin film based tile modules has been updated adding some other years of in situ observations. The
objective of the research is to evaluate first of all the reliability of the modules efficiency in terms of capacity to keep
the energy conversion efficiency over long periods and then to test the behaviour of the modules that have been
subjected to the hard marine environment conditions (temperature, corrosion etc.). Two plants of about 1 kWp have
been monitoring: the first a-Si single junction modules in operation since June 2002; the second hybrid a-Si/μc-Si
modules plant active since January 2006. Data collected after a long term of continuous monitoring are shown and
discussed.
Workplace Learning for Efficiency and Effectiveness in Not-for-Profit Organisations
Creators: name: Miranda, Pamela Jean
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Technical, further and workplace education

description: Australian and United Kingdom not-for-profit (NFP) organisations are under increasing pressure to become more efficient and effective in addressing complex social challenges. This qualitative multi-case study applied an analytic framework comprising four theories: organisational learning, dynamic capability, institutional and social innovation theories to investigate workplace learning in four NFP organisations. Findings indicated that while organisations undertook workplace learning to build organisational and sector capacity, their resource and capability based strategies achieved differing outcomes in response to the challenges of their context. The study’s findings contribute to strategic approaches to workplace learning and include suggestions for future research and professional practice.
Industrially Feasible Front-Side Metallization Based on Ink-Jet Masking and Nickel Plating
Creators: name: Alemán, M.
name: Bay, N.
name: Gautero, L.
name: Specht, J.
name: Stüwe, D.
name: Neubauer, R.
name: Barucha, D.
name: Biro, D.
name: Rentsch, J.
name: Glunz, S.W.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1953-1956
description: An alternative for an industrial front side metallization process for silicon solar cells is presented in this paper. Using ink-jet printing of a resist and wet-chemical acidic etching a structure is formed into the anti-reflection coating. The metallization is performed in two steps: first the formation of a seed layer by electroless nickel plating, followed by the growth of the contacts through light-induced silver plating. An evaluation of different steps in the process, like etching of the SiNx and formation of the silicide, is presented here.
Industrial solar cells investigated in this paper show jsc ~35 mA/cm2, Fill Factor ~77 % and efficiencies up to 16.7 %.
Microscopic Near Infrared (NIR) Imaging for Investigation of the Saw-Channel Surface During Wire-Sawing of Silicon
Creators: name: Johnsen, L.
name: Gastinger, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 424-427
description: A setup for high resolution video recording of the chipping process during slurry based sawing of
silicon is introduced. The setup allows in situ imaging of the chipping process in silicon (Si) by operating in the near
infrared region where Si is transparent. Extended resolution is achieved through the use of a silicon lens as sample for
the sawing. By sawing in the lens perfect immersion optics are implemented resulting in an imaging system with very
high numerical aperture. The sample is illuminated by a halogen lamp through a beam splitter cube. An InGaAs
camera with VGA resolution is used for video capturing. The paper presents a work in progress.
Results from experiments with an x,y,z-controlled single indenter as well as indents from silicon carbide (SiC)
particles trapped between the saw wire and the Si surface are presented. Image sequences of the dynamic
development of the indent process and the consecutive chipping are presented.
Analysis of quantum-state disturbance in a protective measurement of a spin-1/2 particle
Creators: name: Schlosshauer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A distinguishing feature of protective measurement is the possibility of obtaining information about expectation values while making the disturbance of the initial state arbitrarily small. Quantifying this state disturbance is of paramount importance. Here we derive exact and perturbative expressions for the state disturbance and the faithfulness of the measurement outcome in a model describing a spin-1/2 particle protectively measured by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We determine constraints on the experimentally required field strengths from bounds imposed on the allowable state disturbance. We also demonstrate that the protective measurement may produce an incorrect result even when the particle's spin state is unaffected by the measurement, and show that successive measurements using multiple magnetic fields produce the same state disturbance as a single measurement involving a superposition of these fields. Our results supply comprehensive understanding of a paradigmatic model for protective measurement, may aid the experimental implementation of the measurement scheme, and illustrate fundamental properties of protective measurements.
description: 9 pages, identical to published version
Advanced Simulation Strategies with Cell Accuracy for PV-Power Plants and PV-Systems in MATLAB/SIMULINK
Creators: name: Schneider, D.
name: Carstens, J.H.
name: Rech, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 432-436
description: This paper discusses new simulation strategies for the modeling of PV-Power plants and PV-Systems.
Customarily, simulation tools available on the market focus on the prediction of energy earnings with regard to statistical
weather reports and coarse shadow casting estimates. The SOLON system simulation (abbr. Syssi) applies another
standard by focusing on disengaged module constellations, power and current predictions that are calculated at cell
accuracy and a full integration into the Matlab/Simulink framework. The engine allows easy feature extensions and
interacts with other toolboxes such as the SimPowerSystems toolbox which is a handy liaison for the testing of MPP
tracking algorithms and inverter performances. The current version of Syssi comes with a library of ready to use PV
Modules, an WYSIWYG editor for creating three dimensional power plant scenes and an interface to create own
modules with arbitrary wiring. The paper also covers a discussion of speed limitations while calculating at cell accuracy.
Role of the Phosphorus Diffusion Profile in the Efficiency of the Silicon Solar Cell
Creators: name: Vazquez Cárdeno, J.C.
name: Caballero, L.J.
name: Moreno, J.
name: Vázquez, M.A.
name: Alonso, J.
name: Romero, R.
name: Ramos-Barrado, J.R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1969-1972
description: Increasing the efficiency of the solar cells is a challenge to the manufacturers; the increase of a commercial solar cell performance implies an improvement in the different processes in the industrial production; one of the most relevant elements of a solar cell is the emitter [1]; POCl3 diffusion is currently the most important method for emitter fabrication in silicon solar cell processing. The doping density and depth profile of the emitter can be controlled in the manufacturing process and the changes that are produced in the performance and spectral response of a cell can be checked. However, the changes in the doping density and depth profile imply changes in others elements of a Cz-Si cell [2].
Reflection and Self-Monitoring in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Mason, Andrew
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An assumed attribute of expert physicists is that they learn readily from their own mistakes. Experts are unlikely to make the same mistakes when asked to solve a problem a second time, especially if they have had access to a correct solution. Here, we discuss a case study in which fourteen advanced undergraduate physics students taking an honors-level quantum mechanics course were given the same four problems in both a midterm and final exam. The solutions to the midterm problems were provided to students. The performance on the final exam shows that while some advanced students performed equally well or improved compared to their performance on the midterm exam on the questions administered a second time, a comparable number performed less well on the final exam than on the midterm exam. The wide distribution of students' performance on problems administered a second time suggests that most advanced students do not automatically exploit their mistakes as an opportunity for learning, and for repairing, extending, and organizing their knowledge structure. Interviews with a subset of students revealed attitudes towards problem-solving and gave insight into their approach to learning.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, conference proceedings. Also see: Do Advanced Students Learn From Their Mistakes Without Explicit Intervention?, A. J. Mason and C. Singh, Am. J. Phys., 78(7), 760-767, (2010). in 2009 Physics Education Research Conference. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1179, Issue 1, p.197-200 (2009)