Liogenys parallela Frey 1965
Creators: name: Cherman, Mariana Alejandra
name: Basílio, Daniel Silva
name: Mise, Kleber Makoto
name: Frisch, Johannes
name: Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Liogenys
Liogenys parallela

description: Liogenys parallela Frey, 1965
Figs. 18; 25.
Liogenys parallelus Frey, 1965: 144; Frey 1969: 51 (key); Krajčík 2012: 145 (checklist); Cherman et al. 2017: 4 (generic history).
Liogenys parallela: Evans 2003: 212 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 180–181 (checklist).
Type material. Liogenys parallelus male holotype (NHMB): [white, outlined violet, typeset and handwritten] “ Bolivia andina- / Samaipata- 1500 m / 25. XI.59 Zischka ”, [red typeset] “TYPE”, [white, typeset and handwritten] “ Type ♂ / Liogenys / parallelus / n sp. / det. G. Frey, 1964 ”. Paratypes (1) (NHMB) with the same data of the holotype.
Non-type material (17). BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: 10 km E Comarapa, 17º57’8.47’’S 64º27’7.45’’W, 26.XI.2008, 1825 m, Edmonds & Vidaurre, 3 males and 3 females (CEMT); 9 km SW Comarapa, 17º58.926’S 64º34.365’W, XII.2008, 1694 m, Edmonds & Vidaurre, human feces, 2 males (CEMT); Cochabamba: Cochabamba, 12.X.1949, 3100 m, R. Zichka, 5 males and 3 females (MZUC); without date, R. Zischka & A. Martínez, 1 male (CMNC).
Diagnosis. Length: 8.1–10.7 mm; width: 3.7–5.6 mm. Body and elytra reddish brown, elongate, sides parallel; pronotum darker than elytra; elytra glabrous, reddish brown to testaceous, shiny, or semiopaque (Fig. 18A); clypeal emargination deep, rounded, and narrow to very narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; clypeal lateral margin in females straight but undulate, in males convex with a sharp, tooth-like projection, angle between this projection and the anterior teeth approximately 90º; antennae with 10 antennomeres; pronotal posterior corners rounded (Fig. 18B); mesepisternum, sides of metaventrite, metacoxae and ventrites with bristles abundantly; epipleura covered by long bristles (Fig. 18A, C); pygidium flat; subquadrate; with bristles throughout, bristles erect, long (Fig. 18 D–E); in males, inner margin of metatibia strongly carinate straight towards apex; protarsomere II elongate, almost three times longer than protarsomere I in dorsal view; parameres uniformly wide along its length; parameral split slightly beyond the midline (Fig. 18G); apex slightly expanded, beaked on lateral margin (Fig. 18F); parameres in lateral view convex, not coplanar (Fig. 18H).
Type locality. BOLIVIA, Samaipata [18°10’37.7’’S 63°52’58.4’’W], 1500 m.
Geographical distribution. BOLIVIA (Santa Cruz, Cochabamba).
Remarks. Frey (1965) described L. parallela from a type series comprised of a holotype and 16 specimens collected from Samaipata (Santa Cruz) and Cochabamba [Bolivia]. At the NHMB, where the series was deposited, we found only two specimens (the holotype and one male paratype), both from Samaipata. There is a female paratype specimen from Cochabamba at ZHMB, but it was identified by us as L. latitarsis specimen. Frey (1965) compared L. parallela with L. nigrofusca, as mentioned earlier (see remarks in L. nigrofusca), and also with L. obscura. According to Frey (1965), the latter is darker in color and the clypeal margin is less undulate than L. parallela. Liogenys cartwrighti (Fig. 2) and L. vicina Frey, 1969 (Fig. 22) were described a few years later and both look very much like L. parallela. Liogenys parallela differs from all these other species in the clypeal emargination even narrower, the bristles on epipleura long; the pygidial bristles more erect and longer; in males, the protarsomere II more than twice as long as the protarsomere I in dorsal view, and the inner margin of metatibia strongly carinate towards the apex. This latter feature is also shared with L. nigrofusca. Specimens of L. parallela from Comarapa (Santa Cruz) match exactly with the holotype. However, specimens from Cochabamba differ in the size slightly smaller, the elytra lighter, and in the parameres dorsally smooth at the midline (without longitudinal wrinkles). These differences might be due to populational variation, taking into account that they were collected in a transitional zone among the Chaco, the Yungas, and the Rondonia Amazonian Province (Morrone 2014) (Fig. 25).
description: Published as part of Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Basílio, Daniel Silva, Mise, Kleber Makoto, Frisch, Johannes & Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De, 2021, Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Province and its boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4938 (1) on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4561258