Apophua
Creators: name: Watanabe, Kyohei
name: Maeto, Kaoru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Apophua

description: Key to Japanese species of the genus Apophua
(The males of aquilonia, elegans and yamato are unknown)
1. T1-T3 with strong median longitudinal carina (Figs. 1 C, 6 C, 7 C). Base and posterior margin of T1 and posterior margin of all other tergites yellow (Figs. 1 C, 3 A, 7 C). Face strongly transversely striated by coalescent punctures. Upper margin of pronotum with conspicuous yellow stripe (Fig. 3 A). Scutellum with yellow marking (Fig. 1 C). Hind coxa reddish-brown (Figs. 3 A, 5 C). Hind femur and tibia completely blackish-brown (Figs. 3 A, 5 C).............................. elegans sp. nov.
-. T1-T3 with weak and partly indistinct median longitudinal carina, or without it (Figs. 1 A, B, D–L, 6A, B, D–K, 7 A, B, D– K,). Face weakly transversely striated by coalescent punctures. Hind leg largely yellowish-brown (Fig. 5 A, B, D–I) or nearly entirely blackish-brown (Figs. 3 B, 5 J, K).................................................................. 2
2. Pronotum largely yellow laterally (Fig. 2 E). Mesopleuron black with large yellowish marking (Fig. 2 E). T1–T3 with yellow posterior margin (Figs. 1 F, 2 E). Ovipositor very long, its sheath 3.0–3.7 times as long as hind tibia. Subgenital plate with a short apodema sternalis, anterior margin convex (Fig. 9 J). Inner margin of paramere slightly concave (Fig. 8 G).............................................................................................. kikuchii Uchida, 1928
-. Pronotum largely black laterally, yellow area at most present dorsally (Fig. 2 A–D, F–I). Mesopleuron without large yellow marking (Fig. 2 A–D, F–I). Ovipositor not very long, it sheath shorter than 2.5 times as long as hind tibia. Subgenital plate with a long apodema sternalis, anterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 9 A, D, G, M, P, S). Inner margin of paramere slightly concave (Fig. 8 A, C, E, I, K, M)................................................................................ 3
3. T2 longer than wide, its length 1.1–1.3 times as long as maximum width (Figs. 1 D, 6 D, 7 D). Metasomal tergites almost smooth (more or less punctate in male but sparser than other species), strongly shiny by strong blue reflection (Fig. 7 D). Epicnemial carina absent laterally. Propodeal carinae weak, usually absent (only restricted by slight convexity) except for posterior transverse carina and pleural carina. Yellow area on pronotum restricted near postero-lateral corner (Fig. 2 C). Median dorsal carina of T1 largely absent posteriorly (Fig. 6 D)...................................... evanescens (Ratzeburg, 1848)
-. T2 shorter than 1.1 times as long as maximum width, usually square or transverse (Figs. 1 A, B, E–J, L, 6 A, B, E, G–K, 7 A, B, E–K). Metasomal tergites more or less punctate, weakly to rather strongly shiny (Figs. 1 A, B, E–J, L, 7 A, B, E–K). Epicnemial carina present laterally or absent in A. aquilonia. Propodeal carinae except for posterior transverse carina and pleural carina absent to present. Median dorsal carina of T1 various, usually nearly complete (Fig. 6 A, B, E, G–K).............. 4
4. Epicnemial carina absent laterally. Fore coxa with ridge (Fig. 4 A, B). Scutellum black (Fig. 1 A). Median dorsal carina on T1 present only near base (Fig. 6 A)..................................................... aquilonia (Momoi, 1963)
-. Epicnemial carina present laterally. Scutellum usually with yellow marking (Fig. 1 B, E, G–K). Median dorsal carina on T1 well developed (Fig. 6 B, E, H–J), or if largely obsolete, T1–T3 reddish brown (Figs. 1 G, 2 F, 6 G, 7 G) or hind leg largely blackish-brown (Fig. 5 K)...............................................................................5
5. Hind femur and tibia blackish brown in lateral view (Fig. 5 J, K). Hind coxa largely blackish brown (Fig. 5 J, K). Upper margin of pronotum and scutellum yellow (Figs. 2 I, 3 B). Metasomal tergite black (Fig. 1 J–L).............................. 6
-. Hind femur and tibia reddish brown to brown in lateral view (Fig. 5 B, E, H, I). Hind coxa reddish brown (Fig. 5 B, E, H, I). Upper margin of pronotum and scutellum yellow (Fig. 2 B, D, H) or sometimes largely black (Fig. 2 G). Metasomal tergite sometimes partly tinged red (Figs. 1 G, 2 F)................................................................. 7
6. Ovipositor long, its sheath 2.9–3.0 times as long as hind tibia. Hind coxa with yellow marking dorsally (Fig. 5 J). Median dorsal carina of T1 at least present basal 0.6 (Fig. 6 J)......................................... tobensis (Uchida,1928)
-. Ovipositor short, its sheath 1.9–2.0 times as long as hind tibia. Hind coxa without yellow marking dorsally (Fig. 5 K). Median dorsal carina of T1 largely obsolete posteriorly, distinct area shorter than basal 0.5 (Fig. 6 K).............. yamato sp. nov.
7. Median dorsal carina of T1 shorter than 0.5 times of T1 (Figs. 1 G, 6 G). T1–T3 entirely (female) or partly (male: as posterior broad band) tinged with yellowish-red (Figs. 1 G, 2 F). Length of T2 distinctly shorter than wide (Fig. 6 G). Upper margin of pronotum with yellow stripe (Fig. 2 F)............. maetai Momoi, 1978 (= genalis kasparyani Kuslitzky, 2007 syn. nov.)
-. Median dorsal carina of T1 nearly complete, usually longer than 0.8 times of T1 (Fig. B, E, H, I). T1–T3 entirely black (Fig. 1 B, E, H, I), or in male of sugawarai with yellow posterior band, or if tinged reddish-brown, yellow area on upper margin of pronotum sometimes restricted to small spot before tegula (Fig. 2 G)............................................. 8
8. Posterior margin of all tergites (in male) or T4 and following all tergites (in female) with conspicuous yellow or white band (Figs. 1 I, 2 H). Propodeum usually with yellowish area posteriorly (Fig. 1 I). Upper margin of pronotum with yellow stripe (Fig. 2 H). Surface of tergites with blue reflection (Figs. 1 I, 2 H, 7 I).......................... sugaharai Momoi, 1978
-. Posterior margin of T4 and following tergites always without white or yellow band (Figs. 1 B, E, H, 2 B, D, G). Propodeum without yellow area (Fig. 1 B, E, H)....................................................................... 9
9. Small species, its body length 6.5–10.5 mm (usually less than 9.0 mm). Yellow area on upper margin of pronotum always restricted as small spot on posterior angle (Fig. 2 G). Anterior half of scutellum black (Fig. 1 H). T2 square, its length 1.0 times as long as maximum width (Fig. 6 H)....................................................... stena Momoi, 1963
-. Large species, its body length 8.5–11.0 mm. Yellow area of pronotum always large and broad, present along its upper margin (Fig. 2 B, D). Anterior half of scutellum usually yellow laterally (Fig. 1 B, E)..................................... 10
10. Robust species. T1–T3 usually with median longitudinal keel (Fig. 6 B). T1 1.2–1.4 times as long as maximum width (Fig. 6 B). T2 usually wide, its length 0.9–1.0 (both sexes) times as long as maximum width (Fig. 6 B). Surface on tergites without blue reflection or with slight blue reflection (Fig. 7 B)................................. bipunctoria (Thunberg, 1822)
-. Slender species. T1–T3 usually without median longitudinal keel except for bases of T2 and T3 (Fig. 6 E). T1 1.6–1.9 times as long as maximum width (Fig. 6 E). T2 usually slender, its length 1.0–1.1 (female) (Fig. 6 E) or 1.3 (male) times as long as maximum width. Surface of tergites with strong blue reflection (Fig. 7 E)........................ honmai Momoi, 1978
description: Published as part of Watanabe, Kyohei & Maeto, Kaoru, 2014, Revision of the genus Apophua Morley, 1913, from Japan (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), pp. 501-527 in Zootaxa 3784 (5) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/227830