cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First Principles Study of Bismuth Films at Transition Metal Grain Boundaries
Creators: name: Gao, Qin
name: Widom, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments suggest that Bi impurities segregate to form bilayer films on Ni and Cu grain boundaries but do not segregate in Fe. To explain these phenomena, we study the total energies of Bi films on transition metal (TM) $Σ$3(111) and $Σ$5(012) GBs using density functional theory. Our results agree with the observed stabilities. We propose a model to predict Bi bilayer stability at Ni GBs which suggests that Bi bilayer is not stable on (111) twist CSL GBs but is stable in most (100) twist CSL GBs. We investigate the interaction and bonding character between Bi and TMs to explain the differences among TMs based on localization of orbitals and magnetism.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, including supplementary material
Brownian cluster dynamics with short range patchy interactions. Its application to polymers and step-growth polymerization
Creators: name: Prabhu, Achutha
name: Babu, Sujin B.
name: Dolado, Jorge S.
name: Gimel, J. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel simulation technique derived from Brownian cluster dynamics used so far to study the isotropic colloidal aggregation. It now implements the classical Kern-Frenkel potential to describe patchy interactions between particles. This technique gives access to static properties, dynamics and kinetics of the system, even far from the equilibrium. Particle thermal motions are modeled using billions of independent small random translations and rotations, constrained by the excluded volume and the connectivity. This algorithm, applied to a single polymer chain leads to correct static and dynamic properties, in the framework where hydrodynamic interactions are ignored. By varying patch angles, various chain flexibilities can be obtained. We have used this new algorithm to model step-growth polymerization under various solvent qualities. The polymerization reaction is modeled by an irreversible aggregation between patches while an isotropic finite square-well potential is superimposed to mimic the solvent quality. In bad solvent conditions, a competition between a phase separation (due to the isotropic interaction) and polymerization (due to patches) occurs. Surprisingly, an arrested network with a very peculiar structure appears. It is made of strands and nodes. Strands gather few stretched chains that dip into entangled globular nodes. These nodes act as reticulation points between the strands. The system is kinetically driven and we observe a trapped arrested structure. That demonstrates one of the strengths of this new simulation technique. It can give valuable insights about mechanisms that could be involved in the formation of stranded gels.
description: 55 pages, 32 figures
Temperature scaling analysis of the 3D disordered Ising model with power-law correlated defects
Creators: name: Kazmin, S.
name: Janke, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the three-dimensional site-diluted Ising model with power-law correlated defects and study the critical behavior of the second-moment correlation length and the magnetic susceptibility in the high-temperature phase. By comparing, for various defect correlation strengths, the extracted critical exponents $ν$ and $γ$ with the results of our previous finite-size scaling study, we consolidate the exponent estimates.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Entropy production of a steady-growth cell with catalytic reactions
Creators: name: Himeoka, Yusuke
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cells generally convert external nutrient resources to support metabolismand growth. Understanding the thermodynamic efficiency of this conversion is essential to determine the general characteristics of cellular growth. Using a simple protocell model with catalytic reaction dynamics to synthesize the necessary enzyme and membrane components from nutrients, the entropy production per unit cell-volume growth is calculated analytically and numerically based on the rate equation for chemical kinetics and linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The minimal entropy production per unit cell growth is found to be achieved at a non-zero nutrient uptake rate, rather than at a quasi-static limit as in the standard Carnot engine. This difference appears because the equilibration mediated by the enzyme exists only within cells that grow through enzyme and membrane synthesis. Optimal nutrient uptake is also confirmed by protocell models with many chemical components synthesized through a catalytic reaction network. The possible relevance of the identified optimal uptake to optimal yield for cellular growth is also discussed.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
TSUNAMI: A modern regularized code for planetary and black hole dynamics
Creators: name: Trani, Alessandro Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: I present TSUNAMI, a fast and accurate few-body code designed to follow the evolution of self-gravitating systems. The integrator is based on Mikkola & Tanikawa's algorithmic regularization and can easily handle close encounters, highly hierarchical systems, and extreme mass ratios. TSUNAMI includes post-Newtonian corrections and treatment for the equilibrium and dynamical tides, and it is thus suited to follow the evolution of planetary systems and systems of compact remnants. The code implements modern features such as a Python interface and support for other integrators (e.g. from the REBOUND package). I will present a suite of applications for TSUNAMI, ranging from planetary dynamics in multiple systems to encounters around supermassive black holes.
Economic experiments in project management
Creators: name: Lorko, Matej
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: A business project is as an endeavour constrained by a scheduled beginning and end, undertaken in order to deliver a unique product or service. Given the project's temporary nature, efficient planning of time is of crucial importance and determines the probability of project success. However, evidence shows that a majority business projects suffer from unrealistically optimistic schedules and end up running late, triggering budget extensions and/or quality cuts. Understanding the causes of prediction biases and uncovering approaches to mitigate them can lead to more efficient allocation and utilization of company resources and will enable the executives to make attainable long-term development strategies. The presented doctoral thesis is a collection of five controlled incentivized laboratory experiments, organized into three research studies. The studies are closely related and focus on the project planning process, especially on determinants of bias and (in)accuracy in project duration estimates. Study 1 tests the impact of anchors, such as wild guesses, uninformed suggestions, or expectations, on project duration estimates, and also whether the estimation bias caused by anchors can persist into future estimations of similar projects. Study 2 compares the effect two different interventions designed to mitigate the underestimation bias and improve the estimation accuracy, namely providing historical information from past projects and providing more a detailed project specification. The study also tests the effect of quantity and quality of information at hand on subjective confidence in duration estimates. Study 3 tests whether estimation accuracy incentives and project performance incentives induce on-time and quick project delivery, but also whether making planners accountable for accuracy of project schedules can result in deliberately inflated project estimates and inefficient project execution. All of the three studies aspire to bring not only interesting research findings, but also generate important implications for project managers and other practitioners of project management methodology.
Probing early-universe phase transitions with CMB spectral distortions
Creators: name: Amin, Mustafa A.
name: Grin, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global, symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the early universe can generate scaling seed networks which lead to metric perturbations. The acoustic waves in the photon-baryon plasma sourced by these metric perturbations, when Silk damped, generate spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this work, the chemical potential distortion ($μ$) due to scaling seed networks is computed and the accompanying Compton $y$-type distortion is estimated. The specific model of choice is the $O(N)$ nonlinear $σ$-model for $N\gg 1$, but the results remain the same order of magnitude for other scaling seeds. If CMB anisotropy constraints to the $O(N)$ model are saturated, the resulting chemical potential distortion $μ\lesssim 2\times 10^{-9}$.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, v2: References added, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Spatiotemporal modeling of grip forces captures proficiency in manual robot control
Creators: name: Liu, Rongrong
name: Wandeto, John M.
name: Nageotte, Florent
name: Zanne, Philippe
name: de Mathelin, Michel
name: Dresp-Langley, Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper builds on our previous work by exploiting Artificial Intelligence to predict individual grip force variability in manual robot control. Grip forces were recorded from various loci in the dominant and non dominant hands of individuals by means of wearable wireless sensor technology. Statistical analyses bring to the fore skill specific temporal variations in thousands of grip forces of a complete novice and a highly proficient expert in manual robot control. A brain inspired neural network model that uses the output metric of a Self Organizing Map with unsupervised winner take all learning was run on the sensor output from both hands of each user. The neural network metric expresses the difference between an input representation and its model representation at any given moment in time t and reliably captures the differences between novice and expert performance in terms of grip force variability.Functionally motivated spatiotemporal analysis of individual average grip forces, computed for time windows of constant size in the output of a restricted amount of task-relevant sensors in the dominant (preferred) hand, reveal finger-specific synergies reflecting robotic task skill. The analyses lead the way towards grip force monitoring in real time to permit tracking task skill evolution in trainees, or identify individual proficiency levels in human robot interaction in environmental contexts of high sensory uncertainty. Parsimonious Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistance will contribute to the outcome of new types of surgery, in particular single-port approaches such as NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) and SILS (Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery).
Topical treatment for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a systematic review
Creators: name: Tan, Marcus G.
name: Kim, Whan B.
name: Jo, Christine E.
name: Nabieva, Karina
name: Kirshen, Carly
name: Ortiz, Arisa E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Topical measures are the mainstay treatment for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Numerous studies have assessed the efficacy of topical medications for the treatment of PIH, but few have evaluated the quality of evidence supporting these topical therapies. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the evidence of topical treatments for PIH. We included English-language studies that evaluated topical medications for PIH. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from conception to March 29 2021. We used the modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation scale (GRADE) scale to assess quality of evidence. Forty-seven of 1,224 studies with 1,853 subjects were included. Topical agents with high-quality studies included retinoids, hydroxy acids, corticosteroids, thiamidol, niacinamide and plant-derived products. Sunscreens with SPF30 or greater was recommended in almost every study. Common side effects included desquamation, burning, stinging, dryness, and pruritus. Retinoids, hydroxy acids and broad-spectrum sunscreen were supported by the greatest number of high-quality studies. Ongoing inflammation may be subtle, especially in darker skin phenotypes. Herein, we proposed an evidence-based algorithm for PIH based on the high-quality studies. There is a need to adopt a validated outcome measure for PIH to better compare efficacy between various treatments in future studies.
Substance Use Patterns and Characteristics Using Real World Data from Adolescents Assessed for Substance Use and Treatment Planning-United States, 2017–2021
Creators: name: Jiang, Xinyi
name: Guy, Gery P.
name: Schmit, Kristine
name: Hoots, Brooke
name: Roehler, Douglas R.
name: Govoni, Taryn Dailey
name: Mallory, Vanessa
name: Green, Jody L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Although substance use rates among adolescents have decreased, drug overdose deaths among adolescents have increased since 2020, driven largely by illegally made fentanyl (IMF). This study explores substance use patterns and characteristics of adolescents who were assessed for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to inform prevention and response strategies. A convenience sample of adolescents aged 10–18 years assessed for SUD treatment from September 2017 to December 2021 was analyzed using the Comprehensive Health Assessment for Teens. The percentage of lifetime and past 30-day substance use was examined. Adolescent characteristics (e.g., demographics, history of overdoses or hospital visits due to drug/alcohol use) were analyzed by lifetime substances used. Among 5,377 assessments, most were male (58.7%), aged 16–18 years (50.5%), non-Hispanic White (43.1%), enrolled in school (87.3%), and living with their parent(s) (72.4%). The most commonly reported lifetime substances used were marijuana (68.0%), alcohol (54.2%), and prescription opioid misuse (13.6%). The most common past 30-day substance use combination was alcohol and marijuana (35.6%). The percentage of assessments indicating past-year overdoses or hospital visits due to drug/alcohol use was greatest among those who reported lifetime use of IMF (24.0%), followed by heroin (21.4%) and cocaine (15.3%). Overall, 2.3% reported lifetime IMF use and 0.6% thought IMF was causing them the most problems. Findings inform opportunities to address substance use and increased IMF-involved overdose among adolescents. Continued overdose prevention and response strategies such as evidence-based education campaigns, naloxone distribution and harm reduction efforts, and evidence-based SUD treatment expansion are needed.
title: DEI Excavations on the Southwestern Slope of Mount Zion (2015–2019)
Creators: name: Vieweger, Dieter
name: Zimni, Jennifer
name: Schöpf, Friederike
name: Wuerz, Michael
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Jerusalem
subject: archaeology
subject: Mount Zion
subject: Roman Jerusalem
subject: Byzantine Jerusalem

description: The excavations of the GPIA Mount Zion project are located around the Protestant Cemetery in Jerusalem. Three areas reveal archaeological remains dating from the Iron Age II up until the Islamic period. After reinvestigating the area of the »Gate of the Essenes« the GPIA excavated further living quarter structures, mainly dating into the Early Roman as well as into the Byzantine era. The results shed new light on the course of the ancient city walls (Iron Age – Ayyubid) as well as on the population living on Mount Zion in Roman and Byzantine times.
description: Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1. Halbband 2020
Nonlinear optomechanics in the stationary regime
Creators: name: Doolin, C.
name: Hauer, B. D.
name: Kim, P. H.
name: MacDonald, A. J. R.
name: Ramp, H.
name: Davis, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed nonlinear transduction of the thermomechanical motion of a nanomechanical resonator when detected as laser transmission through a sideband unresolved optomechanical cavity. Nonlinear detection mechanisms are of considerable interest as special cases allow for quantum nondemolition measurements of the mechanical resonator's energy. We investigate the origin of the nonlinearity in the optomechanical detection apparatus and derive a theoretical framework for the nonlinear signal transduction, and the optical spring effect, from both nonlinearities in the optical transfer function and second order optomechanical coupling. By measuring the dependence of the linear and nonlinear signal transduction -- as well as the mechanical frequency shift -- on laser detuning from optical resonance, we provide estimates of the contributions from the linear and quadratic optomechanical couplings.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
The Grossberg Code: Universal Neural Network Signatures of Perceptual Experience
Creators: name: Dresp-Langley, Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two universal functional principles of Adaptive Resonance Theory simulate the brain code of all biological learning and adaptive intelligence. Low level representations of multisensory stimuli in their immediate environmental context are formed on the basis of bottom up activation and under the control of top down matching rules that integrate high level long term traces of contextual configuration. These universal coding principles lead to the establishment of lasting brain signatures of perceptual experience in all living species, from aplysiae to primates. They are revisited in this paper here on the basis of examples drawn from the original code and from some of the most recent related empirical findings on contextual modulation in the brain, highlighting the potential of Grossberg's pioneering insights and groundbreaking theoretical work for intelligent solutions in the domain of developmental and cognitive robotics.
Star formation in the cluster CLG0218.3-0510 at z=1.62 and its large-scale environment: the infrared perspective
Creators: name: Santos, Joana S.
name: Altieri, Bruno
name: Tanaka, Masayuki
name: Valtchanov, Ivan
name: Saintonge, Amelie
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Foucaud, Sebastien
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Rawle, Tim D.
name: Tadaki, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galaxy cluster CLG0218.3-0510 at z=1.62 is one of the most distant galaxy clusters known, with a rich muti-wavelength data set that confirms a mature galaxy population already in place. Using very deep, wide area (20x20 Mpc) imaging by Spitzer/MIPS at 24um, in conjunction with Herschel 5-band imaging from 100-500um, we investigate the dust-obscured, star-formation properties in the cluster and its associated large scale environment. Our galaxy sample of 693 galaxies at z=1.62 detected at 24um (10 spectroscopic and 683 photo-z) includes both cluster galaxies (i.e. within r <1 Mpc projected clustercentric radius) and field galaxies, defined as the region beyond a radius of 3 Mpc. The star-formation rates (SFRs) derived from the measured infrared luminosity range from 18 to 2500 Ms/yr, with a median of 55 Ms/yr, over the entire radial range (10 Mpc). The cluster brightest FIR galaxy, taken as the centre of the galaxy system, is vigorously forming stars at a rate of 256$\pm$70 Ms/yr, and the total cluster SFR enclosed in a circle of 1 Mpc is 1161$\pm$96 Ms/yr. We estimate a dust extinction of about 3 magnitudes by comparing the SFRs derived from [OII] luminosity with the ones computed from the 24um fluxes. We find that the in-falling region (1-3 Mpc) is special: there is a significant decrement (3.5x) of passive relative to star-forming galaxies in this region, and the total SFR of the galaxies located in this region is lower (130 Ms/yr/Mpc2) than anywhere in the cluster or field, regardless of their stellar mass. In a complementary approach we compute the local galaxy density, Sigma5, and find no trend between SFR and Sigma5. However, we measure an excess of star-forming galaxies in the cluster relative to the field by a factor 1.7, that lends support to a reversal of the SF-density relation in CLG0218.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS. v2: minor corrections
Calibration of Quantum Decision Theory: Aversion to Large Losses and Predictability of Probabilistic Choices
Creators: name: Kovalenko, T.
name: Vincent, S.
name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first calibration of quantum decision theory (QDT) to a dataset of binary risky choice. We quantitatively account for the fraction of choice reversals between two repetitions of the experiment, using a probabilistic choice formulation in the simplest form without model assumption or adjustable parameters. The prediction of choice reversal is then refined by introducing heterogeneity between decision makers through their differentiation into two groups: ``majoritarian'' and ``contrarian'' (in proportion 3:1). This supports the first fundamental tenet of QDT, which models choice as an inherent probabilistic process, where the probability of a prospect can be expressed as the sum of its utility and attraction factors. We propose to parameterise the utility factor with a stochastic version of cumulative prospect theory (logit-CPT), and the attraction factor with a constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) function. For this dataset, and penalising the larger number of QDT parameters via the Wilks test of nested hypotheses, the QDT model is found to perform significantly better than logit-CPT at both the aggregate and individual levels, and for all considered fit criteria for the first experiment iteration and for predictions (second ``out-of-sample'' iteration). The distinctive QDT effect captured by the attraction factor is mostly appreciable (i.e., most relevant and strongest in amplitude) for prospects with big losses. Our quantitative analysis of the experimental results supports the existence of an intrinsic limit of predictability, which is associated with the inherent probabilistic nature of choice. The results of the paper can find applications both in the prediction of choice of human decision makers as well as for organizing the operation of artificial intelligence.
description: Latex file, 51 pages, 19 figures
Study of attosecond delays using perturbation diagrams and exterior complex scaling
Creators: name: Dahlström, J. M.
name: Lindroth, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe in detail how attosecond delays in laser-assisted photoionization can be computed using perturbation theory based on two-photon matrix elements. Special emphasis is laid on above-threshold ionization, where the electron interacts with an infrared field after photoionization by an extreme ultraviolet field. Correlation effects are introduced using diagrammatic many-body theory to the level of the random-phase approximation with exchange (RPAE). Our aim is to provide an ab initio route to correlated multi-photon processes that are required for an accurate description of experiments on the attosecond time scale. Here, our results are focused on photoionization of the M -shell of argon atoms, where experiments have been carried out using the so-called RABITT technique. An influence of autoionizing resonances in attosecond delay measurements is observed. Further, it is shown that the delay depends on both detection angle of the photoelectron and energy of the probe photon.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures
Characterization of catabolic enzymes and a carbohydrate transporter in the nucleotide metabolism of plants
Creators: name: Voß, Luisa
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Nucleotides
subject: Carbohydrates
subject: Arabidopsis
subject: Legumes
subject: E. coli
subject: Metabolomics
subject: Biochemie
subject: Nukleotide
subject: Zucker
subject: Leguminosen
subject: Metabolomik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: ...
Treatment goals and preferences of pediatric psoriasis patients, young adults, and parents
Creators: name: Schaap, Mirjam J.
name: Broekhuis, Susanne C. E.
name: Koulil, Saskia Spillekom-van
name: Groenewoud, Hans M. M.
name: de Jong, Elke M. G. J.
name: Seyger, Marieke M. B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Treatment needs of young psoriasis patients and parents are not widely studied and could advance patient-centered care. To explore treatment goals and preferences of pediatric psoriasis patients, young adults, and parents. A web-based survey among Dutch psoriasis patients aged ≥6 to ≤30 years and parents included multiple-choice, open-ended, and 4-point Likert scale questions. Treatment goals and characteristic preferences of pediatric patients (≤17 years) were compared to young adults (≥18 years) and parents. 195 young patients (20.2 ± 6.3 years) and 45 parents were included. The most important treatment goals were ‘preventing lesions’, ‘reducing lesions’, ‘no itch’, and ‘no lesions’. Regarding treatment characteristics, ‘long-term safety’, ‘high effectiveness’, and ‘short-term safety’ were most important. We found differences by age, gender, and current treatment. Pediatric patients rated ‘not sticky’, ‘quick results’, and ‘no/few blood samples needed’ higher than parents and/or young adults. Young adults rated ‘feeling more confident’ and ‘better quality of sleep’ higher than pediatric patients. Parents considered safety most important. Psychosocial goals were more important for women and patients on biologics. Young psoriasis patients and parents mainly strive to clear lesions and itch with effective and safe treatment. However, revealed differences underline the relevance of addressing individual needs.
From Playground Swings to Sway Control of Cranes: An Active Pendulum Experiment
Creators: name: Stein, Adrian
name: Parcic, Tarik
name: Singh, Tarunraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics is a core discipline in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering programs and with the ubiquitous nature of control in modern day applications, the field of mechatronics has gained popularity. Mechatronics refers to the field of engineering which integrates the engineering disciplines of mechanical, control, electronics and computing. To create a testbed to illustrate a tabletop mechatronics system, the paper details the design, and fabrication of an active pendulum whose length can be changed in real-time using solenoids. This permits illustrating two concepts: (1) damping of pendulum oscillations which emulates the sway of a crane and (2) amplification of the oscillations which emulates the pumping of a playground swing. The paper describes the steps prior to experimental validation which include: modeling, system identification, signal processing, and controller implementation. Numerical simulations are used to prototype the controller and eventually to compare the simulation results to the experimental ones. The results of all the experiments illustrate a close match between the simulated and experimental results. To permit reproduction of the experiment, the design details and code to implement the controllers are posted in a public repository.
Common origin of exotic properties in ceramic and hybrid negative thermal expansion materials
Creators: name: Fang, Hong
name: Dove, Martin T.
name: Phillips, Anthony E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many ceramic and hybrid metal-organic framework materials show negative thermal expansion (NTE): they \textit{contract} instead of expanding on heating \cite{Barrera_Miller_Lind_Romao 2005}. Their structures are invariably characterised as a network of polyhedral groups of atoms that are connected through sharing of corner atoms or by shared ligands. Empirically, NTE materials tend to show pressure-induced softening, pressure enhancement of NTE, and the reduction of NTE on heating. But such effects have only been investigated in a small number of materials \cite{Pantea 2006,Chapman 2005,Chapman 2007,Fangexp 2013}, and as yet there is no general framework for understanding the whole suite of properties together. By studying models with Hamiltonians chosen to reflect the physical picture generally accepted as responsible for NTE in framework materials, we demonstrate that NTE, pressure-enhanced NTE, and pressure-induced softening naturally emerge together. We then show how anharmonic interactions lead to structural warm hardening---something that has only previously been seen in laser-excited warm-dense matter \cite{Ernstorfer 2009}---as well as to the transition from NTE to positive thermal expansion and the disappearing of the pressure-induced softening at high temperatures.
Electronic Cigarette Device and Liquid Characteristics: Comparison of Self-Reports to User-Provided Pictures
Creators: name: Douglas, Ashley E.
name: Childers, Margaret G.
name: Felicione, Nicholas J.
name: Milstred, Andrea R.
name: Blank, Melissa D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Introduction: Self-reports of electronic cigarette (ECIG) device and liquid characteristics are not always accurate or consistent with characteristics as measured by researchers. Two methods for measuring ECIG characteristics were compared: user self-reports and rater-coded pictures. Methods: Exclusive ECIG users (N = 321) reported on device (disposable, refillable, adjustable power, brand) and liquid (nicotine concentration, formulation, flavor) characteristics. To measure device type, they chose the term that best described their device (“cig-alike,” “vape pen,” “mod,” “pod,” “don’t know”) and the picture that best resembled their device (cig-alike, vape pen, box mod, USB-shaped pod, teardrop-shaped pod, none). Respondents uploaded device and liquid pictures, and independent raters coded these same features. Agreement between methods was examined with Cohen’s kappa and intra-class correlations, including with “don’t know” responses included and excluded from analyses. Results: Regardless of how “don’t know” responses were treated, agreement was highest for disposable (95.3–97.7%), refillable (96.3%), adjustable power (83.6–88.7%), and brand (77.9–80.4%), and lower for nicotine concentration (72.7%), nicotine formulation (58.6–79.4%), and flavor (66.2%). For device type, agreement was moderate using both term-based (67.9–78.8%) and picture resemblance-based (71.7%) items. For terms, the greatest discrepancy was for devices classified as “vape pens” by self-reports; of these, 70.6% were classified as “pods” by raters. For picture resemblance, ∼13% of users reported that their device resembled none of the pictures; raters classified these devices as USB-shaped pods (50.0%) and mods (23.8%). Conclusions: Self-reports may be sufficient for measuring some characteristics (brand, disposable, refillable, adjustable power), but not others (nicotine concentration and formulation, and some flavor).
Adaptive Spatial Sampling Design for Environmental Field Prediction using Low-Cost Sensing Technologies
Creators: name: Yoo, Eun-Hye
name: Zammit-Mangion, Andrew
name: Chipeta, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The last decade has seen an explosion in data sources available for the monitoring and prediction of environmental phenomena. While several inferential methods have been developed that make predictions on the underlying process by combining these data, an optimal sampling design for when additional data is needed to complement those from other heterogeneous sources has not yet been developed. Here, we provide an adaptive spatial design strategy based on a utility function that combines both prediction uncertainty and risk-factor criteria. Prediction uncertainty is obtained through a spatial data fusion approach based on fixed rank kriging that can tackle data with differing spatial supports and signal-to-noise ratios. We focus on the application of low-cost portable sensors, which tend to be relatively noisy, for air pollution monitoring, where data from regulatory stations as well as numeric modeling systems are also available. Although we find that spatial adaptive sampling designs can help to improve predictions and reduce prediction uncertainty, low-cost portable sensors are only likely to be beneficial if they are sufficient in number and quality. Our conclusions are based on a multi-factorial simulation experiment, and on a realistic simulation of pollutants in the Erie and Niagara counties in Western New York.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Adolescents’ Experiences and Perceptions of E-Cigarettes and Nicotine Addiction
Creators: name: Castillo, Claudia Guerra
name: Hoeft, Kristin S.
name: Couch, Elizabeth T.
name: Urata, Janelle
name: Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie
name: Chaffee, Benjamin W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Background: E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco product among US adolescents and are associated with nicotine addiction. This qualitative investigation aimed to understand adolescents’ experiences and perceptions with nicotine addiction, and related influences of addiction, to inform product regulation, health communication, and cessation resource development. Methods: Between May 2020 and December 2021, in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 47 California (United States) adolescents ages 13–17 who reported recent tobacco use (primarily e-cigarette use). The topic of addiction both arose organically and followed specific interviewer questions. Researchers used thematic analysis techniques to identify unifying themes related to addiction. Results: Adolescents described e-cigarette addiction in ways that reflected a loss of control over their routines and activities and as physical symptoms, including reward and withdrawal. While some viewed addiction risk as a reason not to vape, others perceived it possible to use e-cigarettes and avoid or manage addiction. Specific characteristics of e-cigarette devices, particularly disposable nicotine-salt products, including flavors, “cool” designs, concealable size and odor, low price, and ease-of-use, were seen as enhancing addiction risk. Quit attempts were difficult and usually unsupported by adults or formal cessation aids. Conclusions: For many adolescents, addiction is a major component of their experience with e-cigarettes, often in ways that disrupt their routines and reduce their quality of life. Tobacco control or regulation could target e-cigarette product characteristics to decrease potential for addiction among adolescents. Needed are youth-targeted public communication about nicotine addiction and adolescent-tailored, evidence-based cessation support.
Dust Spectral Energy Distributions of Nearby Galaxies: an Insight from the Herschel Reference Survey
Creators: name: Ciesla, L.
name: Boquien, M.
name: Boselli, A.
name: Buat, V.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Bendo, G. J.
name: Heinis, S.
name: Galametz, M.
name: Eales, S.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: de Looze, I.
name: Alighieri, S. di Serego
name: Galliano, F.
name: Hughes, T. M.
name: Madden, S. C.
name: Pierini, D.
name: Rémy-Ruyer, A.
name: Spinoglio, L.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Viaene, S.
name: Vlahakis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We gather infrared (IR) photometric data from 8 to 500 microns (Spitzer, WISE, IRAS and Herschel) for all of the HRS galaxies. Draine & Li (2007) models are fit to the data from which the stellar contribution has been carefully removed. We find that our photometric coverage is sufficient to constrain all of the models parameters and that a strong constraint on the 20-60 microns range is mandatory to estimate the relative contribution of the photo-dissociation regions to the IR SED. The SED models tend to systematically under-estimate the observed 500 microns flux densities, especially for low mass systems. We provide the output parameters for all of the galaxies: the minimum intensity of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), the fraction of PAH, the relative contribution of PDR and evolved stellar population to the dust heating, the $M_{dust}$ and the $L_{IR}$. For a subsample of gas-rich galaxies, we analyze the relations between these parameters and the integrated properties of galaxies, such as $M_*$, SFR, metallicity, H$α$ and H-band surface brightness, and the FUV attenuation. A good correlation between the fraction of PAH and the metallicity is found implying a weakening of the PAH emission in galaxies with low metallicities. The intensity of the IRSF and the H-band and H$α$ surface brightnesses are correlated, suggesting that the diffuse dust component is heated by both the young stars in star forming regions and the diffuse evolved population. We use these results to provide a new set of IR templates calibrated with Herschel observations on nearby galaxies and a mean SED template to provide the z=0 reference for cosmological studies. For the same purpose, we put our sample on the SFR-$M_*$ diagram. The templates are compared to the most popular IR SED libraries, enlightening a large discrepancy between all of them in the 20-100 microns range.
description: 37 pages, 17 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Orbital Period Change of Dimorphos Due to the DART Kinetic Impact
Creators: name: Thomas, Cristina A.
name: Naidu, Shantanu P.
name: Scheirich, Peter
name: Moskovitz, Nicholas A.
name: Pravec, Petr
name: Chesley, Steven R.
name: Rivkin, Andrew S.
name: Osip, David J.
name: Lister, Tim A.
name: Benner, Lance A. M.
name: Brozović, Marina
name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Rożek, Agata
name: Kušnirák, Peter
name: Hornoch, Kamil
name: Mages, Declan
name: Taylor, Patrick A.
name: Seymour, Andrew D.
name: Snodgrass, Colin
name: Jørgensen, Uffe G.
name: Dominik, Martin
name: Skiff, Brian
name: Polakis, Tom
name: Knight, Matthew M.
name: Farnham, Tony L.
name: Giorgini, Jon D.
name: Rush, Brian
name: Bellerose, Julie
name: Salas, Pedro
name: Armentrout, William P.
name: Watts, Galen
name: Busch, Michael W.
name: Chatelain, Joseph
name: Gomez, Edward
name: Greenstreet, Sarah
name: Phillips, Liz
name: Bonavita, Mariangela
name: Burgdorf, Martin J.
name: Khalouei, Elahe
name: Longa-Peña, Penélope
name: Rabus, Markus
name: Sajadian, Sedighe
name: Chabot, Nancy L.
name: Cheng, Andrew F.
name: Ryan, William H.
name: Ryan, Eileen V.
name: Holt, Carrie E.
name: Agrusa, Harrison F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft successfully performed the first test of a kinetic impactor for asteroid deflection by impacting Dimorphos, the secondary of near-Earth binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, and changing the orbital period of Dimorphos. A change in orbital period of approximately 7 minutes was expected if the incident momentum from the DART spacecraft was directly transferred to the asteroid target in a perfectly inelastic collision, but studies of the probable impact conditions and asteroid properties indicated that a considerable momentum enhancement ($β$) was possible. In the years prior to impact, we used lightcurve observations to accurately determine the pre-impact orbit parameters of Dimorphos with respect to Didymos. Here we report the change in the orbital period of Dimorphos as a result of the DART kinetic impact to be -33.0 +/- 1.0 (3$σ$) minutes. Using new Earth-based lightcurve and radar observations, two independent approaches determined identical values for the change in the orbital period. This large orbit period change suggests that ejecta contributed a significant amount of momentum to the asteroid beyond what the DART spacecraft carried.
description: Accepted by Nature
CA-SBA-765: Archaeological site record for CA-SBA-765
Creators: name: Kekich, Jessica
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory

description: This document is the archaeological site record for CA-SBA-765.
CA-SBA-768: Archaeological site record for CA-SBA-768
Creators: name: Kekich, Jessica
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory

description: This document is the archaeological site record for CA-SBA-768.
Calculation of Thermodynamic Characteristics and Sound Velocity for Two-Dimensional Yukawa Fluids Based on a Two-Step Approximation for the Radial Distribution Function
Creators: name: Fairushin, Ilnaz I.
name: Mokshin, Anatolii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple two-step approximation for the radial distribution function of a one-component two-dimensional Yukawa fluid. This approximation is specified by the key parameters of the system: coupling parameter and screening parameter. On the basis of this approximation, analytical expressions are obtained for the same thermodynamic quantities as internal energy, internal pressure, excess entropy in the two-particle approximation, and also longitudinal sound velocity. The theoretical results show an agreement with the results obtained in the case of a true radial distribution function.
description: 5 pages, 1 figures, 3 tables
Low-threshold stimulated emission using colloidal quantum wells
Creators: name: She, Chunxing
name: Fedin, Igor
name: Dolzhnikov, Dmitriy S.
name: Demortière, Arnaud
name: Schaller, Richard D.
name: Pelton, Matthew
name: Talapin, Dmitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor nanocrystals can be synthesized using inexpensive, scalable, solution-based techniques, and their utility as tunable light emitters has been demonstrated in various applications, including biolabeling and light-emitting devices. By contrast, the use of colloidal nanocrystals for optical amplification and lasing has been limited by the high input power densities that have been required. In this work, we show that colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) produce amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with pump-fluence thresholds as low 6 uJ/cm2 and gain as high as 600 cm-1, both a 4-fold improvement over the best reported values for colloidal nanocrystals; in addition, gain saturation occurs at pump fluences two orders of magnitude higher than the ASE threshold. We attribute this exceptional performance to large optical cross-sections, slow Auger recombination rates, and the narrow emission linewidth of the NPL ensemble. The NPLs bring the advantages of quantum wells as an optical gain medium to a colloidal system, opening up the possibility of producing high-efficiency, solution-processed lasers.
Orbital decay in the classroom
Creators: name: Chaparro, Carlos
name: Ferroglia, Andrea
name: Fiolhais, Miguel C. N.
name: Gonzalez-Urbina, Luis
name: Milewski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this paper is to provide a pedagogical framework for the phenomenon of orbital decay of satellites in low Earth orbit. The dynamics of orbital decay are derived considering atmospheric drag as the only dissipative mechanism and using an educational approach suitable for undergraduate calculus-based physics and engineering courses. The resulting non-linear first order differential equation for the altitude as a function of time is solved numerically for the isothermal-barotropic atmospheric model with a {fixed} scale height. The model is validated using the uncontrolled reentry data of the Chinese space station Tiangong-1.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures