cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Super Luxurious Auto (E)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Super Luxurious Auto (SLA) is a fictionalised case study based on a real engagement undertaken by Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) involving a complete financial and operational restructuring. The case is about a company unable to meet its debt obligations as a consequence of deteriorating financial performance following a global merger.The case sets up a class-room role-play discussion. In class, each student will take the role of one of the key stakeholders - senior lender, junior lender, private equity owner, distressed debt hedge fund, A&M or management. The case material includes general background material on the company and, separately, specific notes outlining the particular issues and concerns faced by each stakeholder. When preparing the case, students are required to consider the perspective of the particular stakeholder assigned to them in groups and determine the negotiation strategy. In class, the company's recent situation will be surveyed; this will then be followed by a negotiation between the stakeholders as to what to do.Students are encouraged to read all the material, including all the role briefings, but are required to pay particular attention to the general briefing notes and the specific notes for the role assigned to them.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-024
title: Turnaround at UCLH: A hospital in intensive care case (D)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Devlin, Anita
name: Shirodaria, Cheerag
name: Verheul, Renate
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) is a major London teaching hospital. It encountered serious financial problems as a result of the consolidation of two separate hospitals into one new hospital building, coupled with a change in the remuneration system for NHS hospitals. The turnaround took place between April 2005 and May 2007. Pelham Allen was appointed Turnaround Director by the NHS regulator to implement a recovery plan that stabilized the situation and laid the foundations for long-term operational and financial success. This case gives the reader a close-up view of one of the largest, most sensitive and most successful UK public sector turnarounds in recent years, and highlights the similarities with, and differences from, private sector turnarounds. The case also examines the different approaches that turnaround managers can take to embed change when in a position of influence.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-10-023
title: FloodRisk: Earthquakes, uplift, and long-term liabilities – risk minimisation during mine flooding
Creators: name: Quandt, Dennis
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Due to the cessation of coal mining in Germany, mine water management in the former coal districts is subject to change and of environmental and economic significance. Since there is no technical need to drain the abandoned coal mines, mine water levels rise. As a result, subsurface rock pore pressures rise changing the subsurface effective stress regime. This may induce local ground movements and activate mining-related and natural fault zones. In order to develop a better understanding of the processes and their interaction, FloodRisk applies an interdisciplinary approach involving geological, geomechanical, geodetic, and geophysical methods. For this purpose, former German coal districts in the Saarland, Ruhr area, and Ibbenbüren serve as suitable study areas. Based on a geological 3D subsurface model complemented by petrophysical (porosity and permeability) and structural data (fracture network characterization), geomechanical properties such as slip and dilation tendencies of faults were calculated. These data give insights into the expected fault behaviour under assumed stress conditions and provide a basis for the localisation of suitable areas for soil gas measurements (222Rn, 220Rn, CO2, O2, H2, S, CH4) using recently developed economic sensors. Simultaneously, seismic events and ground movements are continuously monitored using seismic network, GNSS, Nivellement, and InSAR data and subsequently compared with the evolution of mine water levels. These multidisciplinary observations will be combined in a conceptual model on flood-induced ground movements and seismicity. This enables the deduction of operations for future mine flooding and the establishment of an optimised reservoir management.
Age-related changes of the ciliary muscle in comparison with changes induced by treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha. An ultrastructural study in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Rohen, J. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aging/pathology
subject: Animals
subject: Basement Membrane/ultrastructure
subject: Macaca fascicularis
subject: Macaca mulatta
subject: Oculomotor Muscles/ultrastructure
subject: Prostaglandins F/pharmacology

description: The relationship between individual ciliary muscle cells and the surrounding connective tissue was studied in the eyes of three normal, young (3-4 years) cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), three aged (34-36 years) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and seven young (3-7 years) cynomolgus monkeys topically treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) for 4-8 days. In normal eyes, collagen fibrils and microfibrils are in places in continuity with the muscle cells' basal lamina, which is connected to the cell membrane by fine fibrillous material. In old eyes, the basal lamina is markedly thickened, masking the connection of fibrils with the muscle cells' membrane. A distinctive finding in several muscle cells of old eyes are electronlucent clefts, 60-80 nm wide, between basal lamina and cell membrane, which are not transversed by fibrils or fibrillous material. The cell membrane of these muscle cells shows large folds filled with disarranged myofilaments. Additionally, these cells contain inclusion bodies consisting of concentrically arranged double membranes. Following treatment with PGF2 alpha, similar changes are seen in young animals, too. Here, the muscle cells have lost their connection to the extracellular fibrils due to a PGF2 alpha-induced lysis of extracellular material. Lack of attachment between basal lamina and altered muscle cells in aged eyes might indicate an involvement of the extracellular matrix in age-related changes of the individual ciliary muscle cells.
Axion monodromy inflation with sinusoidal corrections
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Seto, Osamu
name: Yamaguchi, Yuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the axion monodromy inflation with a non-perturbatively generated sinusoidal term. The potential form is a mixture between the natural inflation and the axion monodromy inflation potentials. The sinusoidal term is subdominant in the potential, but leaves significant effects on the resultant fluctuation generated during inflation. A larger tensor-to-scalar ratio can be obtained in our model. We study two scenarios, single inflation scenario and the double inflation scenario. In the first scenario, the axion monodromy inflation with a sufficient number of e-fold generates a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio about $0.1 - 0.15$ but also a tiny running of spectral index. In the second scenario of double inflation, axion monodromy inflation is its first stage and, we assume another inflation follows. In this case, our model can realize a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio and a large negative running of spectral index simultaneously.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, version accepted for publication in PTEP: References and some comments added, and typos corrected
Nerve endings with structural characteristics of mechanoreceptors in the human scleral spur.
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Flügel, C.
name: Stefani, F. H.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Anterior Chamber/innervation
subject: Axons/ultrastructure
subject: Enzymes/metabolism
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Humans
subject: Mechanoreceptors/ultrastructure
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Nerve Endings/ultrastructure
subject: Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
subject: Sclera/ultrastructure

description: These structural features are highly characteristic for mechanoreceptive nerve endings in other tissues of the human body. The authors therefore hypothesize that the club-or bulb-shaped nerve endings in the human scleral spur are afferent mechanoreceptors that measure stress or strain in the connective tissue elements of the scleral spur. Such changes might be induced by ciliary muscle contraction and/or by changes in intraocular pressure.
title: Exploring universal design for learning and co-teaching for inclusive education
Creators: name: Neuls, Robyn M.
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Inclusive education

description: Social and academic inclusion in schools may improve with knowledgeable professionals who support, collaborate, and encourage and model the inclusive frameworks Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and co-teaching. This thesis describes the necessity for Universal Design for Learning implementation and methods of collaboration, with a focus on co-teaching practices. An action research methodology was employed to discover methods to collaborate with colleagues in the researcher’s small, rural Saskatchewan school with the aim of improving her own practice as a student services teacher to encourage the implementation of Universal Design for Learning. Findings from the study generated themes related to eight topics: intentional and assertive communication, creating a knowledge base, initiation of change-based opportunities, advocacy, feedback and interactions with colleagues, and transformation of oneself. An overall theme of the study is recognition that to improve collaboration with colleagues, and to encourage UDL for meaningful inclusion, it is necessary to challenge the status quo, take risks, and lean into uncomfortable feelings. The study offers researchers and other professionals tangible UDL recommendations for their own practice, UDL strategies, implications for action research in student support teacher practice, and recommendations for further research.
title: Jean-Philippe Courtois at Microsoft Global Sales, Marketing and Operations: Empowering Digital Success (Spanish)
Creators: name: Ibarra, Herminia
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: When Jean-Philippe Courtois took control of Microsoft's global sales, marketing and operations in 2016, reporting directly to CEO Satya Nadella, he realised that he needed to lead the organisation away from an 'inspection culture' towards a culture of learning and coaching. After a first phase of transformation focused on giving Microsoft's sales teams the right skills to accompany customers as they moved to the cloud, a second phase aimed to fundamentally transform their behaviours and mindsets. The case study describes how Courtois and his leadership team envisioned and executed a culture change effort consisting of harnessing technology to generate insights into employee and partner work patterns and enabling coaching conversations that would help staff more effectively leverage their time to serve customers and attain key results.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-006_ES
Species differences in choroidal vasodilative innervation: evidence for specific intrinsic nitrergic and VIP-positive neurons in the human eye
Creators: name: Flügel, C.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Mayerhofer, B.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism
subject: Animals
subject: Choroid/innervation
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Ganglia, Sensory/metabolism
subject: Humans
subject: Middle Aged
subject: NADPH Dehydrogenase/metabolism
subject: Neurons/metabolism
subject: Nitric Oxide Synthase
subject: Rabbits
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Species Specificity
subject: Synaptophysin/metabolism
subject: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
subject: Vasodilation

description: The presence of an intrinsic nerve cell plexus that is specifically localized in human eyes in the temporal-central portion of the choroid indicates a functional significance of the nitrergic choroidal innervation for the fovea.
Persistent C II Absorption in the Normal Type Ia Supernova 2002fk
Creators: name: Cartier, Régis
name: Hamuy, Mario
name: Pignata, Giuliano
name: Förster, Francisco
name: Zelaya, Paula
name: Folatelli, Gaston
name: Phillips, Mark M.
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Krisciunas, Kevin
name: Suntzeff, Nicholas B.
name: Clocchiatti, Alejandro
name: Coppi, Paolo
name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Roth, Miguel
name: Koviak, Kathleen
name: Maza, José
name: González, Luis
name: González, Sergio
name: Huerta, Leonor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present well-sampled $UBVRIJHK$ photometry of SN 2002fk starting 12 days before maximum light through 122 days after peak brightness, along with a series of 15 optical spectra from -4 to +95 days since maximum. Our observations show the presence of C II lines in the early-time spectra of SN 2002fk, expanding at ~11,000 km s$^{-1}~$ and persisting until ~8 days past maximum light with a velocity of $\sim$9,000 km s$^{-1}~$. SN 2002fk is characterized by a small velocity gradient of $\dot v_{Si~II}=26$ km s$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$, possibly caused by an off-center explosion with the ignition region oriented towards the observer. The connection between viewing angle of an off-center explosion and the presence of C II in the early time spectrum suggests that the observation of C II could be also due to a viewing angle effect. Adopting the Cepheid distance to NGC 1309 we provide the first $H_{0}$ value based on near-IR measurements of a Type Ia supernova between 63.0$\pm$ 0.8 ($\pm$ 2.8 systematic) and 66.7$\pm$1.0 ($\pm$ 3.5 systematic) km/s/Mpc, depending on the absolute magnitude/decline rate relationship adopted. It appears that the near-IR yields somewhat lower (6-9 %) $H_0$ values than the optical. It is essential to further examine this issue by (1) expanding the sample of high-quality near-IR light curves of SNe in the Hubble flow, and (2) increasing the number of nearby SNe with near-IR SN light curves and precise Cepheid distances, which affords the promise to deliver a more precise determination of $H_0$.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Age-related loss of ciliary muscle mobility in the rhesus monkey. Role of the choroid
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Croft, M. A.
name: Jungkunz, W.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Kaufman, P. L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aging/physiology
subject: Animals
subject: Atropine/pharmacology
subject: Choroid/physiology
subject: Ciliary Body/physiology
subject: Female
subject: Macaca mulatta
subject: Male
subject: Muscles/physiology
subject: Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
subject: Pilocarpine/pharmacology

description: Ciliary muscle topography was studied in rhesus monkey eyes (aged 6 to 29 years) bisected meridionally through cornea and optic nerve head. Half of each eye was incubated in atropine sulfate, the other in pilocarpine hydrochloride, and both were then processed for histologic study. Several ciliary muscle sections from the original cut margin and the middle of the half eyes were traced and compared quantitatively. In sections from the middle, where the attachments of the muscle were presumably intact, the pilocarpine effect on ciliary muscle topography was lost with age. In sections near the cut margin, where some of the posterior attachments were disrupted and the choroid had detached from the sclera, the pilocarpine effect persisted with age. These findings suggest that loss of ciliary muscle movement with age is caused by decreased compliance of its posterior attachment.
Different cell populations in bovine trabecular meshwork: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
Creators: name: Flügel, C.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Actins/analysis
subject: Animals
subject: Cattle/metabolism
subject: Desmin/analysis
subject: Endoplasmic Reticulum/chemistry
subject: Glycogen/analysis
subject: Immunohistochemistry
subject: Microscopy, Electron
subject: Trabecular Meshwork/ultrastructure
subject: Vimentin/analysis

description: Bovine outflow tissue differs markedly from that of humans. Tissue culture studies on the cells of this region are often compared with those of primate trabecular meshwork cells. A thorough cytological and immunocytochemical characterization of the cells of the bovine chamber angle is lacking. We have therefore investigated the cells of the pectinate ligament, the reticular meshwork, the region adjacent to the aqueous plexus, the connective tissue region between reticular meshwork and ciliary muscle and the ciliary muscle itself, ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically with staining for the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin and desmin, for alpha-smooth muscle-actin and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). In the pectinate ligament and in the region adjacent to the aqueous plexus, the cells were found to have especially abundant rER and glycogen in their cytoplasm. Vimentin was abundant in the reticular meshwork as positive staining was seen both in frozen and paraffin sections. Alpha-smooth muscle-actin could be found in the region connecting ciliary muscle and reticular meshwork as well as in a small area adjacent to the posterior capillary loops of the aqueous plexus. Ultrastructurally, these cells resembled myofibroblasts. The ciliary muscle cells stained both for vimentin and for alpha-smooth muscle actin.
The beauty and the beast of social media: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the impact of adolescents' social media experiences on their mental health during the Covid‑19 pandemic
Creators: name: Keles, Betul
name: GREALISH, ANNMARIE
name: Leamy, Mary
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Despite extensive research, the mental health implication of social media in adolescents is not yet understood due to mixed and inconsistent fndings and more in-depth qualitative studies are needed to expand our understanding of the impact of social media on adolescent mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore why and how adolescents use social media, adolescents’ lived experiences on social media, how they make sense of these experiences having impact on their mental health, and the infuence of the Covid-19 pandemic on their use of social media and mental health. In-depth interviews were conducted with eleven adolescents aged 14–16 (fve female, six male) across England. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two key themes were identifed: the beauty of social media that captured positive experiences and emotions of adolescents and the beast of social media that captured negative experiences and emotions. From the adolescents’ accounts, social media has both positive and negative impacts on their mental health, but mostly positive impacts during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results were discussed in relation to the study aims and previous study fndings. Strengths and methodological limitations of the study, implications for future research that emerged from the study were discussed
title: Jean-Philippe Courtois at Microsoft Global Sales, Marketing and Operations: Empowering Digital Success
Creators: name: Ibarra, Herminia
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: When Jean-Philippe Courtois took control of Microsoft's global sales, marketing and operations in 2016, reporting directly to CEO Satya Nadella, he realised that he needed to lead the organisation away from an 'inspection culture' towards a culture of learning and coaching. After a first phase of transformation focused on giving Microsoft's sales teams the right skills to accompany customers as they moved to the cloud, a second phase aimed to fundamentally transform their behaviours and mindsets. The case study describes how Courtois and his leadership team envisioned and executed a culture change effort consisting of harnessing technology to generate insights into employee and partner work patterns and enabling coaching conversations that would help staff more effectively leverage their time to serve customers and attain key results.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-006
Jet substructures of boosted polarized top quarks
Creators: name: Kitadono, Yoshio
name: Li, Hsiang-nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study jet substructures of a boosted polarized top quark, which undergoes the semileptonic decay $t\to b\ellν$, in the perturbative QCD framework. The jet mass distribution (energy profile) is factorized into the convolution of a hard top-quark decay kernel with the bottom-quark jet function (jet energy function). Computing the hard kernel to leading order in QCD and inputting the latter functions from the resummation formalism, we observe that the jet mass distribution is not sensitive to the helicity of the top quark, but the energy profile is: energy is accumulated faster within a left-handed top jet than within a right-handed one, a feature related to the $V-A$ structure of weak interaction. It is pointed out that the energy profile is a simple and useful jet observable for helicity discrimination of a boosted top quark, which helps identification of physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider. The extension of our analysis to other jet substructures, including those associated with a hadronically decaying polarized top quark, is proposed.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Single-cell contraction assay for human ciliary muscle cells. Effect of carbachol
Creators: name: Pang, I. H.
name: Shade, D. L.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: DeSantis, L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Biological Assay/methods
subject: Carbachol/pharmacology
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Ciliary Body/physiology
subject: Humans
subject: Muscle Contraction/drug effects
subject: Muscles/physiology
subject: Pilocarpine/pharmacology

description: A simple method was established to study the functional changes of human ciliary muscle cells.
Asymmetric frequency conversion in nonlinear systems driven by a biharmonic pump
Creators: name: Kamal, Archana
name: Roy, Ananda
name: Clarke, John
name: Devoret, Michel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel mechanism of asymmetric frequency conversion is investigated in nonlinear dispersive devices driven parametrically with a biharmonic pump. When the relative phase between the first and second harmonics combined in a two-tone pump is appropriately tuned, nonreciprocal frequency conversion, either upward or downward, can occur. Full directionality and efficiency of the conversion process is possible, provided that the distribution of pump power over the harmonics is set correctly. While this asymmetric conversion effect is generic, we describe its practical realization in a model system consisting of a current-biased, resistively-shunted Josephson junction (RSJ). Here, the multiharmonic Josephson oscillations, generated internally from the static current bias, provide the pump drive.
description: 5+ pages, 4 pages supplement. Expanded and modified discussion, additional references and a new appendix in supplemental material detailing the calculation of Josephson harmonics in the RSJ
Immunohistochemical characterization of the 'intimal proliferation' phenomenon in Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Jungkunz, W.
name: Wolter, M.
name: Marsch, W. C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Actins/analysis
subject: Adult
subject: Brain Ischemia/pathology
subject: Desmin/analysis
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Immunohistochemistry
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Muscle, Smooth/pathology
subject: Skin Diseases, Vascular/pathology
subject: Syndrome
subject: Thrombocytopenia/pathology
subject: Tropomyosin/analysis
subject: Vimentin/analysis

description: Cellular changes were immunocytochemically characterized in skin vessels of five patients with idiopathic generalized racemose livedo (Sneddon's syndrome), and one patient with localized racemose livedo associated with essential thrombocythaemia. Antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle-actin, tropomyosin, desmin, vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen, human endothelial cells (CD31), human macrophages (CD68), and HLA-DR positive cells (CR3/43) were used. Conventional light microscopy showed, in all cases, intimal thickening of ascending arteries and arterioles as a result of an accumulation of cells and extracellular hyalinized material. None of the specimens showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes or macrophages. The cells in the region of the intimal hyperplasia showed intense positive immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle actin and tropomyosin. Staining for the intermediate filament desmin was localized to the resident smooth muscle cells of the media, whereas staining for vimentin was found in all types of cells in both the intima and media. Positive immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigen and CD31 was strictly confined to the endothelial cells lining the narrowed lumina of the vessels. No positive staining with either antibody was observed in totally occluded vessels. Cells in the subintimal space did not show reactivity for CD68 in any of the specimens, but two cases showed solitary cells with positive staining for HLA-DR in this region. There were no differences in staining pattern between Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia with any of the antibodies. Our results support the assumption that the 'intimal proliferation' in both diseases is caused by colonization of the subendothelial space with contractile cells of possible smooth muscle origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age-related changes of the human ciliary muscle. A quantitative morphometric study
Creators: name: Tamm, Svenja
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Rohen, J. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Aging/pathology
subject: Connective Tissue/pathology
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Lens, Crystalline/pathology
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Muscular Atrophy/pathology
subject: Oculomotor Muscles/pathology
subject: Presbyopia/pathology

description: The age-related changes of the ciliary muscle of human eyes (33-87 years) were studied on histological meridional sections. Eighty-five melanoma eyes and 10 eyes of normal donors were investigated. The total area and the length of the muscle, the area of the three main portions and the distance of the inner apex of the muscle to the scleral spur were determined and correlated with age. Total area and length of the muscle show a continuous and significant decrease with age. The area of the longitudinal and reticular portion continuously decreases, whereas the area of the circular portion significantly increases with age. The decrease in area is more pronounced in the longitudinal portion than in the reticular portion of the muscle, which shows an age-related increase in connective tissue. In addition, the distance of the inner apex of the muscle to the scleral spur shortens continuously. Thus, with increasing age the ciliary muscle adopts an anterior-inward position. A similar form is seen in young eyes after ciliary muscle contraction only. There might be a functional relationship between the observed age-changes in the ciliary muscle system and the phenomenon of the so-called 'lens paradox' (steepening of the anterior and posterior curvatures of the disaccommodated lens with age).
title: Haier in 2014: An entrepreneurial juggernaut facing a world of platforms and ecosystems
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Duke, Lisa
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Until the 2010s, China had been known for inexpensive products and efficient, low-cost production and for copycat or OEM products rather than for leading-edge innovation. Yet, in a few short years, Chinese firms turned to quality and innovation, drastically increasing their market share. A shining example of Chinese success, by 2008 Haier had become the biggest retailer of large household appliances in the world. Yet as consumer electronics changed and competition intensified, Zhang Ruimin, the CEO who had led the company from near-bankruptcy in 1984 to the top spot from 2008 to 2014, wanted Haier to go further. How could he push it to become a truly innovative global company; one that competed on the basis of new-product innovation. What would it take for Haier to leap into first place?
description: LBS Case Code: CS-20-012
Personalized Prediction of Recurrent Stress Events Using Self-Supervised Learning on Multimodal Time-Series Data
Creators: name: Islam, Tanvir
name: Washington, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Chronic stress can significantly affect physical and mental health. The advent of wearable technology allows for the tracking of physiological signals, potentially leading to innovative stress prediction and intervention methods. However, challenges such as label scarcity and data heterogeneity render stress prediction difficult in practice. To counter these issues, we have developed a multimodal personalized stress prediction system using wearable biosignal data. We employ self-supervised learning (SSL) to pre-train the models on each subject's data, allowing the models to learn the baseline dynamics of the participant's biosignals prior to fine-tuning the stress prediction task. We test our model on the Wearable Stress and Affect Detection (WESAD) dataset, demonstrating that our SSL models outperform non-SSL models while utilizing less than 5% of the annotations. These results suggest that our approach can personalize stress prediction to each user with minimal annotations. This paradigm has the potential to enable personalized prediction of a variety of recurring health events using complex multimodal data streams.
Superconducting proximity effect in topological metals
Creators: name: Lee, Kyungmin
name: Vaezi, Abolhassan
name: Fischer, Mark H.
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much interest in the superconducting proximity effect in three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) has been driven by the potential to induce Majorana bound states at the interface. Most candidate materials for 3D TI, however, are bulk metals, with bulk states at the Fermi level coexisting with well-defined surface states exhibiting spin-momentum locking. In such topological metals, the proximity effect can differ qualitatively from that in TIs. By studying a model topological metal-superconductor (TM-SC) heterostructure within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism, we show that the pair amplitude reaches the naked surface, unlike in a topological insulator-superconductor (TI-SC) heterostructure where it is confined to the interface. Furthermore, we predict vortex-bound-state spectra to contain a Majorana zero-mode localized at the naked surface, separated from the bulk vortex-bound-state spectra by a finite energy gap in such a TM-SC heterostructure. These naked-surface-bound modes are amenable to experimental observation and manipulation, presenting advantages of TM-SC over TI-SC.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Contractile cells in the human scleral spur
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Flügel, C.
name: Stefani, F. H.
name: Rohen, J. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Animals
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Collagen/ultrastructure
subject: Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure
subject: Humans
subject: Macaca fascicularis
subject: Microscopy, Electron
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Muscle Proteins
subject: Sclera/ultrastructure

description: The scleral spur in 37 human (age 17-87 years) and six cynomolgus monkey eyes (2-4 years) was investigated. Serial meridional and tangential sections were studied with ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods. The bundles of the ciliary muscle do not enter the scleral spur, but their tendons, which consist of elastic fibres join the elastic fibres in the scleral spur. Within the scleral spur a population of circularly oriented and spindle-shaped cells is found. In contrast to the ciliary muscle cells, the scleral spur cells form no bundles, but are loosely aggregated. They have long cytoplasmic processes and are connected to each other by adherens-type and gap junctions. They stain intensely for alpha-smooth muscle actin, myosin and vimentin. In contrast to the ciliary muscle cells, they do not stain for desmin. Ultrastructurally, the scleral spur cells contain abundant thin (actin) filaments, but do not otherwise show the typical ultrastructural features of ciliary muscle cells. The scleral spur cells do not express a complete basal lamina. They form individual tendinous connections with the elastic fibres in the scleral spur, which are continuous with the elastic fibres of the trabecular meshwork. The scleral spur cells are in close contact with nerve terminals containing small agranular (30-60 nm) and large granular (65-110 nm) vesicles but also with terminals containing small granular (30-60 nm) vesicles which are regarded as typical for adrenergic terminals. We conclude that the scleral spur cells are contractile myofibroblasts. Their contraction might influence the rate of the aqueous outflow.
Casimir-Polder Force on Atoms or Nanoparticles from the Gapped and Doped Graphene: Asymptotic Behavior at Large Separations
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, Galina L.
name: Mostepanenko, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir-Polder force acting on atoms and nanoparticles spaced at large separations from real graphene sheet possessing some energy gap and chemical potential is investigated in the framework of the Lifshitz theory. The reflection coefficients expressed via the polarization tensor of graphene found based on the first principles of thermal quantum field theory are used. It is shown that for graphene the separation distances starting from which the zero-frequency term of the Lifshitz formula contributes more than 99\% of the total Casimir-Polder force are less than the standard thermal length. According to our results, however, the classical limit for graphene, where the force becomes independent on the Planck constant, may be reached at much larger separations than the limit of large separations determined by the zero-frequency term of the Lifshitz formula depending on the values of the energy gap and chemical potential. The analytic asymptotic expressions for the zero-frequency term of the Lifshitz formula at large separations are derived. These asymptotic expressions agree up to 1\% with the results of numerical computations starting from some separation distance which increases with increasing energy gap and decreases with increasing chemical potential. Possible applications of the obtained results are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; the typo in Equation (14) is corrected
Supersolidity of a dipolar Fermi gas in a cubic optical lattice
Creators: name: Zeng, Tian-Sheng
name: Yin, Lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of a dipolar fermi gas at half-filling in a cubic optical lattice with dipole moments aligned along the z-axis. The anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction leads to the competition between pz-wave superfluid and nematic charge-density-wave (CDW) orders at low temperatures. We find that the superfluid phase survives with weak interactions and the CDW phase dominates with strong interactions. In between, the supersolid phase appears as a balance between superfluid and CDW orders. The superfluid density is anisotropic in the supersolid and superfluid phases. In the CDW phase, there is a semimetal to insulator transition with increase of the interaction strength. Experimental implications are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, published version
Immunzytochemische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen am menschlichen Skleralsporn. Charakterisierung einer kontraktilen Zellpopulation [Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of human scleral spur. Characterization of a contractile cell population]
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Flügel, C.
name: Stefani, F. H.
name: Rohen, J. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Choroid Neoplasms/pathology
subject: Ciliary Body/pathology
subject: Contractile Proteins/analysis
subject: Female
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Melanoma/pathology
subject: Microscopy, Electron
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Sclera/pathology
subject: Trabecular Meshwork/pathology

description: Contraction of the ciliary muscle induced by cholinergic drugs causes movement of the scleral spur and separation of the trabecular meshwork lamellae. The effect of epinephrine, however, does not seem to be mediated by ciliary muscle tone. We investigated the scleral spur in 37 human eyes (age 17-87 years). Serial tangential sections were studied with ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods. The ciliary muscle cells do not enter the scleral spur, but their tendons, which consist of elastic fibers, are continuous with the elastic fibers in the scleral spur. Within the scleral spur is found a population of circularly oriented and spindle-shaped cells. The scleral spur cells form no bundles, but are loosely aggregated. They have long cytoplasmic processes and are connected to each other by adherence type and gap junctions. The scleral spur cells show intense staining for smooth-muscle-specific alpha-actin and myosin. Ultrastructurally, the scleral spur cells contain abundant actin filaments, but otherwise do not show the typical ultrastructure of ciliary muscle cells. The scleral spur cells do not express a complete basal lamina. They form individual tendinous connections with the elastic fibers in the scleral spur, which are continuous with the elastic fibers of the trabecular meshwork. The scleral spur cells are in close contact with nerve terminals containing small granular vesicles that are typical for adrenergic terminals. We conclude that the scleral spur cells are contractile myofibroblasts. Their contraction might be involved in the effects of epinephrine on the aqueous outflow.
Spatial search by continuous-time quantum walks on crystal lattices
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Ge, Yimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of searching a general $d$-dimensional lattice of $N$ vertices for a single marked item using a continuous-time quantum walk. We demand locality, but allow the walk to vary periodically on a small scale. By constructing lattice Hamiltonians exhibiting Dirac points in their dispersion relations and exploiting the linear behaviour near a Dirac point, we develop algorithms that solve the problem in a time of $O(\sqrt N)$ for $d>2$ and $O(\sqrt N \log N)$ in $d=2$. In particular, we show that such algorithms exist even for hypercubic lattices in any dimension. Unlike previous continuous-time quantum walk algorithms on hypercubic lattices in low dimensions, our approach does not use external memory.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Synthesis of extracellular matrix components by human ciliary muscle cells in culture
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Baur, A.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Antibodies, Monoclonal
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Collagen/biosynthesis
subject: Extracellular Matrix/ultrastructure
subject: Fibronectins/biosynthesis
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Humans
subject: Laminin/biosynthesis
subject: Microscopy, Immunoelectron
subject: Middle Aged

description: The production and spatial organization of connective tissue components in ciliary muscle cell cultures was studied with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Antibodies against collagen types IV and VI, fibronectin and laminin were used. Laminin stains as pericellular network surrounding individual muscle cells. Type IV collagen shows positive cytoplasmic staining and only small foci of extracellular immunofluorescence. Staining for type VI collagen and fibronectin is seen near the ends of the bipolar cells, while the lateral sides of the cells remain unstained. Electronmicroscopy shows that cultured ciliary muscle cells are surrounded by an incomplete basal lamina. In addition, bundles of 5-20 nm thick extracellular microfibrils are seen. The bundles are oriented parallel to the axis of the cells and are in close contact with the cell membrane in areas where membrane-bound dense bands are formed. Immunoelectronmicroscopy indicates that the bundles contain fibronectin and type VI collagen fibrils. While the fibronectin fibrils approach the cell membrane directly, type VI collagen fibrils are usually separated from the cell membrane by fine fibrillous material of different nature. Quality and spatial organization of the extracellular material in ciliary muscle cell cultures shows marked similarities with the extracellular matrix of ciliary muscle in situ.
Electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in human ciliary muscle cells
Creators: name: Stahl, F.
name: Lepple-Wienhues, A.
name: Kuppinger, M.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Wiederholt, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Bicarbonates/metabolism
subject: Carrier Proteins/metabolism
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Ciliary Body/physiology
subject: Electrophysiology
subject: Extracellular Space/metabolism
subject: Homeostasis
subject: Humans
subject: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
subject: Membrane Potentials
subject: Muscles/metabolism
subject: Sodium/metabolism
subject: Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters

description: We investigated membrane voltage and intracellular pH (pHi) in cultured human ciliary muscle cells using a cell line (H7CM) and primary-cultured human ciliary muscle cells. 1) Resting potential was 58.9 +/- 1.0 mV in H7CM cells and 61.9 +/- 1.4 mV in primary cultures. The following data are from H7CM cells, but results from primary cultures were basically similar. 2) In HCO3(-)-CO2-buffered solution, removal of extracellular sodium resulted in a depolarization [change in membrane resistance (delta V) = 31.3 +/- 2.8 mV] that was less marked in the absence of HCO3(-)-CO2 (delta V = 0.5 +/- 2.6 mV) and reduced by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) (delta V = 19.3 +/- 1.9 mV). 3) Removal of extracellular HCO3(-)-CO2 led to a depolarization (delta V = 13.2 +/- 0.8 mV) that was abolished in the absence of extracellular sodium and inhibited by DIDS. 4) Intracellular alkalinization led to a depolarization (delta V = 24.7 +/- 2.3 mV), and intracellular acidification resulted in a hyperpolarization (delta V = 9.4 +/- 1.1 mV) that was inhibited by DIDS and dependent on extracellular HCO3(-)-CO2 and sodium. 5) pHi backregulation after an acid load occurred in both the presence and absence of extracellular bicarbonate but not in the absence of extracellular sodium. Our data are consistent with an electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport in human ciliary muscle cells, which is activated by intracellular acidification.