cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
“It is kind of like a responsibility thing”: transitional challenges in asthma medication adherence among adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Zaeh, Sandra E.
name: Lu, Monica A.
name: Blake, Kathryn V.
name: ElizabethRuvalcaba
name: Ayensu-Asiedu, Christabelle
name: Wise, Robert A.
name: Holbrook, Janet T.
name: Eakin, Michelle N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Nonadherence to asthma medications is prevalent among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with asthma, leading to worsened control of asthma symptoms and more frequent exacerbations. AYAs have unique developmental transitional challenges that may alter medication adherence. We aimed to use a socio-ecological framework to explore the effect of transitional challenges from adolescence to young adulthood on asthma controller medication adherence and to identify possible strategies to promote medication adherence. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews by phone with 7 adolescents (14 to 17 years), their respective caregivers, and 7 young adults (18 to 30 years). Participants were recruited from a respiratory clinical trial network and pulmonary clinics in 4 states at 6 different sites through convenience sampling. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic analyses. Participants identified personal challenges affecting adherence to asthma medications during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood including responsibility for asthma self-management, understanding of asthma condition and severity, embarrassment, and life demands. Health systems factors including medication cost, challenges with insurance, difficulties obtaining refills, and difficulty with access to medications at school also impacted asthma medication adherence. Participants recommended adherence strategies including improved access to inhalers, incorporating asthma medications into daily routines, and using reminders. Focusing on the transitional challenges of AYAs during the time period from adolescence to young adulthood is necessary for supporting their asthma medication adherence and creating future interventions. Socio-ecological and systems factors should also be targeted for improved asthma medication adherence. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher’s website.
Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Dr. Franziska Klatt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Ein Systematic Literature Review ist eine eigenständige wissenschaftliche Methode, die das Ziel verfolgt, sämtliche relevante Literatur zu einem Thema zu identifizieren und zu bewerten, um daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die untersuchte Fragestellung abzuleiten.
Efficient Nonnegative Tensor Factorization via Saturating Coordinate Descent
Creators: name: Balasubramaniam, Thirunavukarasu
name: Nayak, Richi
name: Yuen, Chau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advancements in computing technology and web-based applications, data is increasingly generated in multi-dimensional form. This data is usually sparse due to the presence of a large number of users and fewer user interactions. To deal with this, the Nonnegative Tensor Factorization (NTF) based methods have been widely used. However existing factorization algorithms are not suitable to process in all three conditions of size, density, and rank of the tensor. Consequently, their applicability becomes limited. In this paper, we propose a novel fast and efficient NTF algorithm using the element selection approach. We calculate the element importance using Lipschitz continuity and propose a saturation point based element selection method that chooses a set of elements column-wise for updating to solve the optimization problem. Empirical analysis reveals that the proposed algorithm is scalable in terms of tensor size, density, and rank in comparison to the relevant state-of-the-art algorithms.
description: Accepted for publication in ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data
Mott metal-insulator transition from steady-state density functional theory
Creators: name: Jacob, David
name: Stefanucci, Gianluca
name: Kurth, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computationally efficient method to obtain the spectral function of bulk systems in the framework of steady-state density functional theory (i-DFT) using an idealized Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) setup. We calculate the current through the STM tip and then extract the spectral function from the finite-bias differential conductance. The fictitious non-interacting system of i-DFT features an exchange-correlation (xc) contribution to the bias which guarantees the same current as in the true interacting system. Exact properties of the xc bias are established using Fermi-liquid theory and subsequently implemented to construct approximations for the Hubbard model. We show for two different lattice structures that the metal-insulator transition is captured by i-DFT.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + supplemental material (5 pages, 3 figures); replaced with revised manuscript
Theory of differential conductance of Co on Cu(111) including Co s and d orbitals, and surface and bulk Cu states
Creators: name: Fernandez, J.
name: Roura-Bas, P.
name: Aligia, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the theory of the Kondo effect observed by a scanning-tunneling microscope (STM) for transition-metal atoms (TMAs) on noble-metal surfaces, including $d$ and $s$ orbitals of the TMA, surface and bulk conduction states of the metal, and their hoppingto the tip of the STM. Fitting the experimentally observed STM differential conductance for Co on Cu(111) including both, the Kondo feature near the Fermi energy and the resonance below the surface band, we conclude that the STM senses mainly the Co $s$ orbital and that the Kondo antiresonance is due to interference between states with electrons in the $s$ orbital and a localized $d$ orbital mediated by the conduction states.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, clarifications about the resonance below the surface band added
Weak field reduction in teleparallel coframe gravity. Vacuum case
Creators: name: Itin, Yakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The teleparallel coframe gravity may be viewed as a generalization of the standard GR. A coframe (a field of four independent 1-forms) is considered, in this approach, to be a basic dynamical variable. The metric tensor is treated as a secondary structure. The general Lagrangian, quadratic in the first order derivatives of the coframe field is not unique. It involves three dimensionless free parameters. We consider a weak field approximation of the general coframe teleparallel model. In the linear approximation, the field variable, the coframe, is covariantly reduced to the superposition of the symmetric and antisymmetric field. We require this reduction to be preserved on the levels of the Lagrangian, of the field equations and of the conserved currents. This occurs if and only if the pure Yang - Mills type term is removed from the Lagrangian. The absence of this term is known to be necessary and sufficient for the existence of the viable (Schwarzschild) spherical-symmetric solution. Moreover, the same condition guarantees the absence of ghosts and tachyons in particle content of the theory. The condition above is shown recently to be necessary for a well defined Hamiltonian formulation of the model. Here we derive the same condition in the Lagrangian formulation by means of the weak field reduction.
description: Version accepted in JMP
The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on middle level general music: navigating a digital landscape
Creators: name: Adel, Tyler
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2025

description: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted educational systems worldwide, necessitating rapid adaptations and innovations in teaching practices due to quarantine regulations and the sudden shift to the distance learning format. A review of prior literature revealed a need for additional research in the field of middle level general music, various uses for digital technologies in music education, and pre-existing research about the impact of COVID-19 on music education. This dissertation explores the experiences of middle level general music teachers during the pandemic and examines what influence it had on their teaching practices in a post-pandemic world. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how the use of technology in virtual instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted middle level general music instruction during and after mandated lockdown and virtual instruction in one county of New Jersey. The two research questions investigated were: (1) What were the experiences of music teachers (in one NJ county) using digital technologies in middle level general music during mandated COVID-19 virtual instruction? (2) Did music teachers retain digital technologies in their middle level general music classes following the return to in-person learning, and if so, how and why? This study utilized a constructivist worldview to best understand the individual experiences of eight middle level general music teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Each participant was interviewed once, and all interviews were transcribed and coded. The themes that emerged from the data included Middle Level General Music Structure and Technology Integration, District Influence on Teacher Experience during Virtual/Hybrid Teaching, and Altered Teacher Understanding of Students/Student Experiences. Data showed that a variety of content was taught at the middle level grades, from instrumental performance to music appreciation and music production. In addition, teachers viewed students from a new lens in post-pandemic education, with a greater awareness to social-emotional wellness in their middle level general music classrooms. This study sought to contribute vital insights to the evolving field of music education, specific to digital technologies, in the wake of unforeseen disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications from the study include teachers’ practical use of digital technologies, their return to in-person instruction in a post-pandemic world, and new views towards students.
One goal, multiple strategies : engagement in Sino-American WTO accession negotiations
Creators: name: Noble, Lance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: During the post-cold war period there has been much talk in the U.S. of the benefits of engaging countries with whom the U.S. has had a history of confrontational relations. While containment was often the preferred policy during the cold war the argument is now made that these countries need to be brought into international institutions in order to make relations with them more cooperative and predictable. It is argued that doing so serves to make these countries status quo powers that will not actively attempt to revise the international system. International trade theory and U.S. trade policy have not been exceptions to this trend. Talk of engagement can be found in the ongoing bilateral WTO accession negotiations that the U.S. is currently participating in with both Russia and Vietnam. However, the complexity of such negotiations often leads the U.S. to utilize negotiating strategies that appear to belie the rhetoric of engagement. As a result, questions have been raised in regards to the commitment of the U.S. to a policy of engagement. This is misguided in that it assumes that variance in the strategies of engagement utilized by the U.S. qualifies as evidence that multiple goals are being pursued. In fact, variation across sectors of trade, in terms of both the negotiating power of the U.S. and the strength of the domestic constraints it is subject to, ensure that the utilization of multiple strategies in the pursuit of one overarching goal of engagement is necessary. The Sino-American WTO accession negotiations that stretched over the period of 13 years is a strong case with which to test this argument. The size and scope of Sino- American trade relations ensured that terms had to be reached in every significant sector of trade. The fact that significant sections of the American political elite are wary of a rising China also makes it an important case with which to evaluate engagement. Lastly, the timing of this case during the period when the post-cold war policy of engagement was being formulated adds to our confidence that it is a significant case with which to evaluate engagement and trade theory.
title: The Uncanny Valley Effect
Creators: name: Lay, Stephanie Claire
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: The Uncanny Valley Effect (UVE) first emerged as a warning against making industrial robots appear so highly human-like that they could unsettle the real humans around them. It proposed a specific pattern of negative emotional responses to entities that were almost but not quite human, and has been proposed as the reason why some entities such as dolls, mannequins and zombies may appear unsettling. The aim of this thesis was to move beyond an anecdotal explanation to understand more about the perception of near-human faces, and how this compares to the perception of human and non-human faces. The aims were to explore the relationship between the human-likeness of faces and emotional responses to them, to understand reactions to and descriptions of near-human faces, to explore aspects of how near-human faces are processed and to explore whether mismatched emotional expressions might contribute to the perception of some near-human faces as eerie. Five studies were carried out using face images whose human-likeness was systematically controlled or measured. A non-linear relationship between human-likeness and eeriness was found, but the near-human faces were not always the eeriest images. Near-human faces were found to be subject to the effects of inversion, and inversion was found to heighten perceptions of eeriness. Faces were created which contained mismatched emotional expressions, and the blends combining happy faces with angry or fearful eyes were rated as the most eerie. Incongruities between aspects of appearance or behaviour had been cited as explanations for the UVE in the past but this thesis presents the first evidence that differences in eeriness may result from incongruities between emotional expressions. Directions for future research have been suggested to explore these findings in a wider context and to understand more about the UVE.
Analysis of knowledge and technology transfer in Switzerland – the perspective of the enterprises: Study elaborated as part of the report «Research and Innovation in Switzerland 2020» Part C, Study 4
Creators: name: Beck, Mathias
name: Hulfeld, Florian
name: Spescha, Andrin
name: Wörter, Martin
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020

description: SERI dossiers, C (4)
description: Research and Innovation in Switzerland 2020
Staggered superfluid phases of dipolar bosons in two-dimensional square lattices
Creators: name: Suthar, Kuldeep
name: Kraus, Rebecca
name: Sable, Hrushikesh
name: Angom, Dilip
name: Morigi, Giovanna
name: Zakrzewski, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum ground state of ultracold bosons in a two-dimensional square lattice. The bosons interact via the repulsive dipolar interactions and s-wave scattering. The dynamics is described by the extended Bose-Hubbard model including correlated hopping due to the dipolar interactions, the coefficients are found from the second quantized Hamiltonian using the Wannier expansion with realistic parameters. We determine the phase diagram using the Gutzwiller ansatz in the regime where the coefficients of the correlated hopping terms are negative and can interfere with the tunneling due to single-particle effects. We show that this interference gives rise to staggered superfluid and supersolid phases at vanishing kinetic energy, while we identify parameter regions at finite kinetic energy where the phases are incompressible. We compare the results with the phase diagram obtained with the cluster Gutzwiller approach and with the results found in one dimension using DMRG.
description: version close to accepted in Phys. Rev. B
The Pentagonal Numbers and their Link to an Integer Sequence which contains the Primes of Form 6n-1
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Groupoid Representations
Integer Sequences
Binary Operators
Generalized Sums
Pentagonal Numbers
Prime Numbers
OEIS A000326
OEIS A016969
OEIS A007528
OEIS A005449
OEIS
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

description: A binary operation is a calculus that combines two elements to obtain another elements. It seems quite simple for numbers, because we usually imagine it as a simple sum or product. However, also in the case of numbers, a binary operation can be extremely fascinating if we consider it in a generalized form. Previously, several examples have been proposed of generalized sums for different sets of numbers (Fibonacci, Mersenne, Fermat, q-numbers, repunits and others). These sets can form groupoid which possess different binary operators. Here we consider the pentagonal numbers (OEIS A000326). We will see the binary operation for them. This generalized sum involves another integer sequence, OEIS A016969, and this sequence contains OEIS A007528, that is the primes of the 6n-1.
Pseudobulges in Barred S0 Galaxies
Creators: name: Erwin, Peter
name: Beckman, John E.
name: Beltran, Juan Carlos Vega
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results from an ongoing study of the bulges of S0 galaxies. We show that in a subsample of 14 barred S0 galaxies, fully half the photometrically defined bulges show kinematic signatures of "pseudobulges" -- that is, their kinematics are dominated by rotation. In four of these galaxies, we identify at least two subcomponents in the photometric bulge region: flatter, disk or bar components, assocated with disklike kinematics; and rounder "inner bulges,'' which appear to be hotter systems more like classical bulges.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure; to appear in "Penetrating Bars through Masks of Cosmic Dust: The Hubble Tuning Fork Strikes a New Note," eds. D. Block, K. Freeman, R. Groess, I. Puerari, and E.K. Block (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
5304: African postings
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Grandfather served in the war but was also in the Army for a total of 30 years. He served with the Royal Garrison Artillery. He made a number of items trench art whilst serving. The family spent many years overseas as a result of this postings and this meant various family members were born in Africa and India.
Influence of carbon substitution on the heat transport in single crystalline MgB2
Creators: name: Sologubenko, A. V.
name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Kazakov, S. M.
name: Karpinski, J.
name: Ott, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report data on the thermal conductivity κ(T,H) in the basal plane of hexagonal single-crystalline and superconducting Mg(B_{1-x}C_x)_2 (x= 0.03, 0.06) at temperatures between 0.5 and 50 K, and in external magnetic fields H between 0 and 50 kOe. The substitution of carbon for boron leads to a considerable reduction of the electronic heat transport, while the phonon thermal conductivity seems to be much less sensitive to impurities. The introduction of carbon enhances mostly the intraband scattering in the σ-band. In contrast to the previously observed anomalous behavior of pure MgB$_2$, the Wiedemann-Franz law is valid for Mg(B_0.94 C_0.06)_2 at low temperatures.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Circulating TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) is elevated early in rheumatoid arthritis and depends on TNF
Creators: name: Yun-Jeong Song
name: Choi, In Ah.
name: Meylan, Françoise
name: M. Kristen Demoruelle
name: Farley, Taylor
name: Richard, Arianne C.
name: Hawley, Eric
name: Botson, John
name: Hong, Yoo Jin
name: Lee, Eun Young
name: Mian, Sabina R.
name: Bartlett C. Hamilton
name: Thiele, Geoffrey M.
name: Mikuls, Ted R.
name: Gara, Naveen
name: Ward, Chris D.
name: Lamberth, Sarah
name: Deane, Kevin D.
name: Heller, Theo
name: Ward, Michael M.
name: Lee, David M.
name: Thi-Sau Migone
name: Stohl, William
name: O’Dell, James R.
name: Norris, Jill M.
name: V. Michael Holers
name: Gregersen, Peter
name: Yeong-Wook Song
name: Siegel, Richard M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Analysis of effect of methotrexate on TL1A levels from a second independent patient cohort. TL1A was measured in serum from an independent cohort of patients with RA treated with MTX for 4 months (66 good/moderate EULAR responders, 18 non-responders).
Soft factors from classical scattering on the Reissner-Nordström spacetime
Creators: name: Fernandes, Karan
name: Mitra, Arpita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider perturbations of the $4$ dimensional Reissner-Nordström spacetime induced by the probe scattering of a point particle with charge and mass moving on an unbound trajectory with an asymptotically large velocity. The resulting classical radiative solutions are the gravitational and electromagnetic bremmstrahlung. We use these classical solutions to derive the universal photon and graviton soft factor contributions at the tree level, which have the same form as noted in the literature. The soft factor expressions enable us to investigate the tail contribution to the memory effect in late time gravitational and electromagnetic waveforms. We find that generically, the contribution from the charge dominates that from the mass in the late time radiation.
description: 50 pages, no figures, Changes:Corrections to the phase contribution in the soft electromagnetic factor and corresponding tail effect result
title: Health Center : restructuring of Villa Geno area
Creators: name: Bingula, Adela Tea
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Architektur
subject: Öffentliche Gebäude
subject: Spa und Wellneszentrum
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Public Building
subject: Spa and Wellnes Centre

description: Die Villa Geno liegt zwischen den italienischen Alpen und dem Como See in Norditalien. Dieses Gebiet ist ein beliebter Ort für Erholung und Entspannung für viele Menschen aufgrund seiner Nähe zum Stadtzentrum Como und seiner umgebenden Natur. Das Areal wurde für eine längere Zeit vernachlässigt, welches auch den aktuellen schlechten Zustand erklärt. Das volle Potential des Komplexes wurde folgedessen nicht komplett ausgeschöpft. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Villa Geno Gebiet neu zu strukturieren und es weiter zu popularisieren. Dieses Gebiet sollte einladend sein und ein breites Spektrum von Besuchern unterhalten. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Entspannung und Vitalität des menschlichen Körpers, Geist und Seele geworfen, die mit dem natürlichen Milieu dieser Gegend untrennbar ist. Die Restrukturierung beinhaltet ein Gesundheitszentrum mit Fitness, Wellness, Spa, Restaurant, sowie ein begrünter Außenraum für verschiedene Freizeitaktivitäten. Die Absicht ist es eine funktionelle und einladende Umgebung zu schaffen, die eine gesunde Lebensweise fördern soll.
description: The Villa Geno area is situated between the Alps and Lake Como in Northern Italy. This place has always been a favorite recreational and relaxation spot for many people due to its vicinity to Como's city center and its picturesque natural surroundings. At the moment, the area is neglected, poorly planned, and it is not being used to its fullest potential. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Villa Geno area in order to further popularize it, and to make it more agreeable and appealing to a wide range of visitors. Major focus will be put on the area's natural milieu and the relaxation and vitality of the human body, mind and spirit. The restructuring includes a Health Center, which will provide Fitness, Wellness & Spa, Restaurant, and other facilities, as well as outdoor green areas for a variety of activities. The intention is to create a practical and inviting destination which will promote a healthy lifestyle and allow this beautiful region to realize its full potential.
Developing a web-supported community in the service of teacher professional development : a case study of Vancouver School Board early literacy project
Creators: name: Najafi, Hedieh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This interpretive case study was conducted to explore the possibilities for development of e-VSB Literacy, a web-supported professional community, as the online component of Vancouver School Board Early Literacy Project (VSB Literacy Project), a face to face successful community of teachers. Participants were seven members of the VSB Literacy Project-two coordinators, four mentors, and a consultant-who had basic computer skills and had access to the Internet on a daily basis. Their experience with e-VSB Literacy included a resource website and an electronic bulletin board that was developed and customized for this study over a period of seven months. Informed by theories of social learning and communities of practice, this study explores participants’ perceived need for e-VSB Literacy, investigates the factors that impacted their use of e-VSB Literacy, and examines the contents of their online discussions. Data was collected from semi-structured face to face interviews---one at the beginning and one toward the end of the study-, personal journal, and contents of the bulletin board. Analysis of the data showed that although participants were aware of the potential of e-VSB Literacy, they did not perceive a significant need for it. Findings also revealed relevance, commitment, and socio-technical issues as three major factors that impact participation in e-VSB Literacy. Participants were not satisfied with their use of the bulletin board because the cost of logging into the bulletin board was more than its benefits; i.e. in general, the amount and quality of professional discussions were less than expected. Finally, based on the findings, a number of recommendations are made to guide future designs of e-VSB Literacy to become a functioning professional community.
5325: A. Hamilton's War Medals
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Great Grandfather served 1914-1915 and gained three medals. The British War Medal, the 1914-1915 Star and the Victory Medal.
Recent advances in synthesis and application of modified biochar for mitigation of heavy metals from soil and water: a critical review
Creators: name: Gurjar, Suyog
name: Kumar, A. Ramesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Heavy metal pollution continues to threaten human health and the environment seriously. For the removal of heavy metals, many tests have been conducted so far but modified biochar has gained popularity for soil and water remediation due to its desirable physio-chemical surface properties. The current advances in the removal of heavy metals from both soil and water have been reviewed thoroughly. The ability of biochar to remove contaminants is dependent on its surface groups, ion exchange capacity and pore size distribution. The physical structure and molecular constitution of biochar could be crucial when added to water and soil. Various types of feedstock have been used to synthesize biochar including agriculture and forest wastes, industry-based byproducts and non-conventional waste materials. The modification strategies of biochar encompassing organic and non-metal modification, the magnetization of biochar, as well as the regeneration of modified biochar and adsorption of different heavy metal ions comprising Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb have been comprehensively reviewed. The applications, challenges and future research directions of biochar for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and soil are also outlined in this review.
A completely annotated whole slide image dataset of canine breast cancer to aid human breast cancer research
Creators: name: Aubreville, Marc
name: Bertram, Christof A.
name: Donovan, Taryn A.
name: Marzahl, Christian
name: Maier, Andreas
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) has been used as a model to investigate the pathogenesis of human breast cancer and the same grading scheme is commonly used to assess tumor malignancy in both. One key component of this grading scheme is the density of mitotic figures (MF). Current publicly available datasets on human breast cancer only provide annotations for small subsets of whole slide images (WSIs). We present a novel dataset of 21 WSIs of CMC completely annotated for MF. For this, a pathologist screened all WSIs for potential MF and structures with a similar appearance. A second expert blindly assigned labels, and for non-matching labels, a third expert assigned the final labels. Additionally, we used machine learning to identify previously undetected MF. Finally, we performed representation learning and two-dimensional projection to further increase the consistency of the annotations. Our dataset consists of 13,907 MF and 36,379 hard negatives. We achieved a mean F1-score of 0.791 on the test set and of up to 0.696 on a human breast cancer dataset.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Targeted beta therapy of prostate cancer with 177Lu-labelled Miltuximab® antibody against glypican-1 (GPC-1)
Creators: name: Yeh, Mei-Chun
name: Tse, Brian W. C.
name: Fletcher, Nicholas L.
name: Houston, Zachary H.
name: Lund, Maria
name: Volpert, Marianna
name: Stewart, Chelsea
name: Sokolowski, Kamil A.
name: Varinder Jeet
name: Thurecht, Kristofer J.
name: Campbell, Douglas H.
name: Walsh, Bradley J.
name: Nelson, Colleen C.
name: Russell, Pamela J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. a Radio-TLC of purified antibody conjugates showing successful radiolabelling of DFO-Miltuximab® with 89Zirconium. b Radio-TLC of purified antibody conjugates showing successful radiolabelling of DOTA-Miltuximab® with 177Lutetium. Fig. S2. Immunoreactivity of a,c DFO-Miltuximab® and b,d DOTAMiltuximab® to cell surface GPC-1 on DU-145 cells measured via flow cytometry (a,b) and ELISA (c,d). For some tests, antibody was “mock” radiolabelled, i.e. treated in the same way as the radiolabelled antibody, but without the addition of radiolabel, to estimate the effect of radiolabelling conditions on immunoreactivity. Fig. S3. Quantitative flow cytometry analysis of DU-145 cells using MIL-38 binding for quantification. MIL-38 was used with the QIFIKIT antigen density analysis kit to determine GPC-1 density on the cell surface of a. prostate cancer cell line DU-145 and b. GPC1 negative lymphoma cell line Raji. Fig. S4. No effect of DOTA-Miltuximab® alone on in vivo tumour growth. DU-145-RFP-Luc cells (5x106 ) in matrigel were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of BALB/c/nude mice. When tumours reached ~100mm3 , mice were injected with saline (n=6) or DOTA-Miltuximab® (n=6) (80ug) intravenously. All mice were euthanised approximately 2 weeks thereafter. a Mean weekly mouse tumour volume. d Individual mouse tumour volume at endpoint. Data expressed as Mean ± SEM and statistical analysis performed using an unpaired t test. *p < 0.05. Fig. S5. Representative H&E staining of the mouse brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine and testis tissue a 3 days, b 5 days, c 7 days and d 27 days post 6MBq [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® treatment or e 27 days post DOTA-Miltuximab® treatment. Fig. S6. Individual weekly mouse tumour volumes of mice treated with a DOTAMiltuximab® (n=8) b 3MBq [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® (n=9) or c 10MBq [ 177Lu]LuDOTA-Miltuximab® (n=9) treated DU-145 xenograft mice.
Electrostatic force spectroscopy of near-surface localized states
Creators: name: Dana, Aykutlu
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrostatic force microscopy at cryogenic temperatures is used to probe the electrostatic interaction of a conductive atomic force microscopy tip and electronic charges trapped in localized states in an insulating layer on a semiconductor. Measurement of the frequency shift of the cantilever as a function of tip-sample shows discrete peaks at certain voltages when the tip is located near trap centers. These discrete changes in frequency is attributed to one by one filling of individual electronic states when the quantized energies traverses the substrate conduction band fermi energy as tip-sample voltage is increased. Theoretical analysis of the experiment suggests that such measurement of the cantilever frequency shift as a function of bias voltage can be interpreted as an AC force measurement, from which spectroscopic information about the location, energy and tunneling times of localized states can be deduced. Experimental results from study of a sample with InAs quantum dots as trap centers is presented.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
A machine learning environment for evaluating autonomous driving software
Creators: name: Hanhirova, Jussi
name: Debner, Anton
name: Hyyppä, Matias
name: Hirvisalo, Vesa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous vehicles need safe development and testing environments. Many traffic scenarios are such that they cannot be tested in the real world. We see hybrid photorealistic simulation as a viable tool for developing AI (artificial intelligence) software for autonomous driving. We present a machine learning environment for detecting autonomous vehicle corner case behavior. Our environment is based on connecting the CARLA simulation software to TensorFlow machine learning framework and custom AI client software. The AI client software receives data from a simulated world via virtual sensors and transforms the data into information using machine learning models. The AI clients control vehicles in the simulated world. Our environment monitors the state assumed by the vehicle AIs to the ground truth state derived from the simulation model. Our system can search for corner cases where the vehicle AI is unable to correctly understand the situation. In our paper, we present the overall hybrid simulator architecture and compare different configurations. We present performance measurements from real setups, and outline the main parameters affecting the hybrid simulator performance.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures
Future Singularities of Isotropic Cosmologies
Creators: name: Cotsakis, Spiros
name: Klaoudatou, Ifigeneia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that globally and regularly hyperbolic future geodesically incomplete isotropic universes, except for the standard all-encompassing `big crunch', can accommodate singularities of only one kind, namely, those having a non-integrable Hubble parameter, $H$. We analyze several examples from recent literature which illustrate this result and show that such behaviour may arise in a number of different ways. We also discuss the existence of new types of lapse singularities in inhomogeneous models, impossible to meet in the isotropic ones.
description: v2: 16 pages, references added, clarrifications throughout, version to appear in the J.Geom.Phys
$β$-As$_2$Te$_3$: Pressure-Induced 3D Dirac Semi-Metal
Creators: name: da Silva, E. Lora
name: Leonardo, A.
name: Yang, Tao
name: Santos, M. C.
name: Vilaplana, R.
name: Gallego-Parra, S.
name: Bergara, A.
name: Manjón, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a theoretical \textit{ab-initio} study of $β$-As$_2$Te$_3$ ($R\bar{3}m$ symmetry) at hydrostatic pressures up to 12 GPa. We have systematically characterized the vibrational and electronic changes of the system induced by the pressure variation. The electronic band dispersions calculated at different pressures using \textit{QS}GW show an insulator-metal transition. At room pressure the system is a semiconductor with small band-gap, and the valence and conduction bands present a parabolic conventional dispersion. However around 2 GPa the parabolic shape of the bands become linear and touch at the Fermi level. This means that this compound undergoes a pressure-induced topological phase transition to a 3D analog of graphene, known as a 3D Dirac semi-metal, with gapless electronic excitations. At increasing pressures the gap reopens and variation of the character of the electronic band-gap from direct to indirect is evidenced. At 7 GPa we observe the formation of a negative band-gap character, which persists for pressures up to 12 GPa. Topological insulating features are evidenced from 2 to 12 GPa with a Z$_4$=3 topological index. Moreover by investigating the lattice thermal-conductivity at different pressures, we observe an ultra low value of $κ_\textrm{L}$ at 300 K for 0.5 GPa (0.294 and 0.486 Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ for the $x$-$y$-axis and for the $z$-axis, respectively) which is the result of existing low-frequency optical modes. At 2 GPa $κ_\textrm{L}$ increases to 1.170 and 0.669 Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$, for the $x$-$y$-axis and for the $z$-axis, respectively. At 4 GPa the thermal-conductivity values between the two distinct crystallographic axis tend to approximate, with 1.495 and 1.433 Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$, along the $x$-$y$-axis and the $z$-axis, respectively.
Giant magnetic exchange coupling in rhombus-shaped nanographenes with zigzag periphery
Creators: name: Mishra, Shantanu
name: Yao, Xuelin
name: Chen, Qiang
name: Eimre, Kristjan
name: Groening, Oliver
name: Ortiz, Ricardo
name: Di Giovannantonio, Marco
name: Sancho-Garcia, Juan Carlos
name: Fernandez-Rossier, Joaquin
name: Pignedoli, Carlo A.
name: Muellen, Klaus
name: Ruffieux, Pascal
name: Narita, Akimitsu
name: Fasel, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanographenes with zigzag edges are predicted to manifest non-trivial pi-magnetism resulting from the interplay of hybridization of localized frontier states and Coulomb repulsion between valence electrons. This provides a chemically tunable platform to explore quantum magnetism at the nanoscale and opens avenues toward organic spintronics. The magnetic stability in nanographenes is thus far limited by the weak magnetic exchange coupling which remains below the room temperature thermal energy. Here, we report the synthesis of large rhombus-shaped nanographenes with zigzag periphery on gold and copper surfaces. Single-molecule scanning probe measurements unveil an emergent magnetic spin-singlet ground state with increasing nanographene size. The magnetic exchange coupling in the largest nanographene, determined by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, exceeds 100 meV or 1160 K, which outclasses most inorganic nanomaterials and remarkably survives on a metal electrode.
description: 4 figures plus supplementary information
Geometric origin of Eliott relation
Creators: name: Serebrennikov, Yuri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that the Elliott relation results from the random acquisition of geometric phases and represents a special case of a more general situation - relaxation of the pseudo spin-1/2 induced by stochastic gauge fields.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Targeted beta therapy of prostate cancer with 177Lu-labelled Miltuximab® antibody against glypican-1 (GPC-1)
Creators: name: Yeh, Mei-Chun
name: Tse, Brian W. C.
name: Fletcher, Nicholas L.
name: Houston, Zachary H.
name: Lund, Maria
name: Volpert, Marianna
name: Stewart, Chelsea
name: Sokolowski, Kamil A.
name: Varinder Jeet
name: Thurecht, Kristofer J.
name: Campbell, Douglas H.
name: Walsh, Bradley J.
name: Nelson, Colleen C.
name: Russell, Pamela J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Methods.
5350: Campaign Postcards
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The collection is of a large number of postcards and a wedding photo belonging to the grandparents of the contributor.
2989: HMS Bulwark Explosion
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: A. B. Charles Arthur Standage, 1914 - Lost in an internal explosion abroad the HMS Bulwark at Sheerness (Kent)
Nature does not play dice at the Planck scale
Creators: name: Singh, Tejinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also space-time points, are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical space-time geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.
description: v2: 8 pages; Typo corrected, Honourable mention, GRF essay contest 2020. Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Mathematical proofs
Creators: name: Victor Charles, Rohit Jude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490499
subject: Pure mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: This is a short paper authored by V. Rohit Jude who is 14 years old at the time ofwriting. This paper will contain a few mathematical proofs. Some of these proofshave already been written and some of these proofs are written by V. RohitJude. All these proofs were originally discovered by Rohit before realizing someproofs were already out there.
Aqueous Contact Ion Pairs of Phosphate Groups with Na$^+$, Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$ -- Structural Discrimination by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Fingerhut, Benjamin P.
name: Schauss, Jakob
name: Kundu, Achintya
name: Elsaesser, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extent of contact and solvent shared ion pairs of phosphate groups with Na$^+$, Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$ ions in aqueous environment and their relevance for the stability of polyanionic DNA and RNA structures is highly debated. Employing the asymmetric phosphate stretching vibration of dimethyl phosphate (DMP), a model system of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA, we present linear infrared, femtosecond infrared pump-probe and absorptive 2D-IR spectra that report on contact ion pair formation via the presence of blue shifted spectral signatures. Compared to the linear infrared spectra, the nonlinear spectra reveal contact ion pairs with increased sensitivity because the spectra accentuate differences in peak frequency, transition dipole moment strength, and excited state lifetime. The experimental results are corroborated by long time scale MD simulations, benchmarked by density functional simulations on phosphate-ion-water clusters. The microscopic interpretation reveals subtle structural differences of ion pairs formed by the phosphate group and the ions Na$^+$, Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$. Intricate properties of the solvation shell around the phosphate group and the ion are essential to explain the experimental observations. The present work addresses a challenging to probe topic with the help of a model system and establishes new experimental data of contact ion pair formation, thereby underlining the potential of nonlinear 2D-IR spectroscopy as an analytical probe of phosphate-ion interactions in complex biological systems.