cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-charge rotating black holes in four-dimensional gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Chow, David D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain an asymptotically AdS, non-extremal, electrically charged and rotating black hole solution of 4-dimensional U(1)^4 gauged supergravity with 2 non-zero and independent U(1) charges. The thermodynamical quantities are computed. We find BPS solutions that are nakedly singular. The solution is generalized to include a NUT parameter and dyonic gauge fields. The string frame metric has a rank-2 Killing-Stackel tensor and has completely integrable geodesic motion, and the massless Klein-Gordon equation separates for the Einstein frame metric.
description: 15 pages; v2, v3: minor changes
Gluon confinement, i-particles and BRST soft breaking
Creators: name: Sorella, Silvio Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A few issues on gluon confinement are addressed with the help of a renormalizable gauge model obtained by introducing a replica of the Faddeev-Popov action and a soft breaking of the BRST symmetry. Confinement turns out to be encoded in the spectral properties of the corresponding correlation functions. While the propagators of the elementary fields have no interpretation in terms of physical excitations, examples of local composite operators whose two-point correlation functions possess a spectral representation with positive spectral density can be introduced. These composite operators turn out to be left invariant by the BRST transformations, a feature which has strong consequences on their renormalizability properties. Moreover, they display a direct interpretation in terms of i-particles [1], which are the unphysical modes corresponding to a confining propagator of the Gribov type. A possible way to take into account the effects of the Gribov copies is also outlined.
description: 27 pages, final version accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
A Theory of Pseudo Wealth
Creators: name: Guzman, Martin
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Macroeconomics
Recessions
Wealth

description: This chapter presents a theory of pseudo-wealth that can account for two important situations that arise in times of recession: (i) There are often large changes in the state of the economy with no commensurate changes in the state variables that describe it; and (ii) There are often persistent booms where (for plausible preferences) aggregate consumption seems excessive, beyond levels that are consistent with the feasibility constraints, or persistent busts with underutilization of the factors of production of the economy. With heterogeneous beliefs and a market for exploiting those differences in beliefs, pseudo-wealth will be created— that is, the sum of expected wealth of all the individuals will be larger than what is feasible for the society. Under some conditions, those perceptions will lead to higher spending than in a world with common beliefs. If those differences in beliefs disappear, pseudo-wealth will disappear, leading to adjustments in behavior that amplify the initial decrease in expected wealth. We also show that completing markets can lead to ambiguous results in terms of welfare. They can induce the creation of pseudo-wealth that makes everyone better off ex-ante (that is, everyone’s ex ante expected utility is increased), but that can lead to lower levels of production in every period—as agents wish to work less when they feel wealthier, and the adjustments that follow the disappearance of pseudo-wealth will also lead to lower levels of production. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the idea that macroeconomic adjustments may be destabilizing. Policies that diminish wage flexibility but have positive distributive effects could enhance the performance of the economy. More generally, this chapter describes the main intuitions of the results obtained in an agenda developed in Guzman and Stiglitz (2014, 2015).
Bipartite quantum states and random complex networks
Creators: name: Garnerone, Silvano
name: Giorda, Paolo
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a mapping between graphs and pure quantum bipartite states and show that the associated entanglement entropy conveys non-trivial information about the structure of the graph. Our primary goal is to investigate the family of random graphs known as complex networks. In the case of classical random graphs we derive an analytic expression for the averaged entanglement entropy $\bar S$ while for general complex networks we rely on numerics. For large number of nodes $n$ we find a scaling $\bar{S} \sim c \log n +g_e$ where both the prefactor $c$ and the sub-leading O(1) term $g_e$ are a characteristic of the different classes of complex networks. In particular, $g_e$ encodes topological features of the graphs and is named network topological entropy. Our results suggest that quantum entanglement may provide a powerful tool in the analysis of large complex networks with non-trivial topological properties.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
In Praise of Frank Ramsey's Contribution to the Theory of Taxation
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Taxation
Finance, Public

description: Frank Ramsey's brilliant 1927 paper, modestly entitled, ‘A contribution to the theory of taxation’, is a landmark in the economics of public finance. Nearly a half century later, through the work of Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) and Mirrlees (1971), his paper can be thought of as launching the field of optimal taxation and revolutionising public finance.1 In this short celebratory article, I briefly describe Ramsey's basic insights (Section 1), and the early history of the development of the ideas based on Ramsey's paper (Section 2). While several of these crucial developments showed that Ramsey's conclusions held under more general conditions than he had assumed, later analyses showed crucial qualifications, so that the policy relevance of Ramsey's analysis may be limited.
A recursive approach to the O(n) model on random maps via nested loops
Creators: name: Borot, G.
name: Bouttier, J.
name: Guitter, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the O(n) loop model on tetravalent maps and show how to rephrase it into a model of bipartite maps without loops. This follows from a combinatorial decomposition that consists in cutting the O(n) model configurations along their loops so that each elementary piece is a map that may have arbitrary even face degrees. In the induced statistics, these maps are drawn according to a Boltzmann distribution whose parameters (the face weights) are determined by a fixed point condition. In particular, we show that the dense and dilute critical points of the O(n) model correspond to bipartite maps with large faces (i.e. whose degree distribution has a fat tail). The re-expression of the fixed point condition in terms of linear integral equations allows us to explore the phase diagram of the model. In particular, we determine this phase diagram exactly for the simplest version of the model where the loops are "rigid". Several generalizations of the model are discussed.
description: 47 pages, 13 figures, final version (minor changes with v2 after proof corrections)
Convection in nanofluids with a particle-concentration-dependent thermal conductivity
Creators: name: Glässl, Martin
name: Hilt, Markus
name: Zimmermann, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal convection in nanofluids is investigated by means of a continuum model for binary-fluid mixtures, with a thermal conductivity depending on the local concentration of colloidal particles. The applied temperature difference between the upper and the lower boundary leads via the Soret effect to a variation of the colloid concentration and therefore to a spatially varying heat conductivity. An increasing difference between the heat conductivity of the mixture near the colder and the warmer boundary results in a shift of the onset of convection to higher values of the Rayleigh number for positive values of the separation ratio psi>0 and to smaller values in the range psi<0. Beyond some critical difference of the thermal conductivity between the two boundaries, we find an oscillatory onset of convection not only for psi<0, but also within a finite range of psi>0. This range can be extended by increasing the difference in the thermal conductivity and it is bounded by two codimension-2 bifurcations.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; submitted to Physical Review E
Majorization Formulation of Uncertainty in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Partovi, M. Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is formulated for a set of generalized measurements within the framework of majorization theory, resulting in a partial uncertainty order on probability vectors that is stronger than those based on quasi-entropic measures. The theorem that results from this formulation guarantees that the uncertainty of the results of a set of generalized measurements without a common eigenstate has an inviolable lower bound which depends on the measurement set but not the state. A corollary to this theorem yields a parallel formulation of the uncertainty principle for generalized measurements based on quasi-entropic measures. Optimal majorization bounds for two and three mutually unbiased bases in two dimensions are calculated. Similarly, the leading term of the majorization bound for position and momentum measurements is calculated which provides a strong statement of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in direct operational terms. Another theorem provides a majorization condition for the least uncertain generalized measurement of a given state with interesting physical implications.
description: Expanded version, 11 pages
Identifying and Resolving Inter-creditor and Debtor-creditor Equity Issues in Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Creators: name: Brooks, Skylar
name: Guzman, Martin
name: Lombardi, Domenico
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Debts, Public
Debt relief
Debtor and creditor

description: Most discussions of inter-creditor issues vis-à-vis sovereign debt restructuring focus on the collective action problems that lead to individually and collectively suboptimal outcomes. Some studies also highlight, or at least imply, that creditor interests are often relatively aligned with debtor interests, insofar as both groups want to avoid crises and, when they occur, resolve them with minimal disruption. This, of course, is not always the case, in particular when creditor groups are non-homogenous. In many cases, significant conflicts of interest exist and can undermine inter-creditor, as well as debtor-creditor, equity and cooperation during debt restructurings. This policy brief draws on a joint workshop with Columbia University on Frameworks for Sovereign Debt Restructuring, held in New York on November 17, 2014. It narrows in on a specific set of salient issues that affect debt restructuring processes and outcomes: those related to inter-creditor and creditor-debtor equity. It also offers a few policy considerations for beginning to resolve these issues in ways that contribute to fairer and more effective debt restructurings.
Characteristics of the Invariant Measure of the Strange Attractor of the Bacteria Mathematical Model
Creators: name: Grytsay, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The bacteria metabolic process of open nonlinear dissipative system far from equilibrium point is modeled using classical methods of synergetics. The invariant measure and its convergence in the phase space of the system was obtained in strange attractor mode. The distribution of point density of trajectory intersection of phase space cells with maximum invariant measure and convergence in time of its average value was obtained. The result concluded is that the value of an invariant measure can be a characteristic of the transitional process of adaptation of cell metabolic process to change outside environment.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Strong renewal theorems and Lyapunov spectra for $α$-Farey and $α$-Lüroth systems
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Munday, Sara
name: Stratmann, Bernd O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we introduce and study the $α$-Farey map and its associated jump transformation, the $α$-Lüroth map, for an arbitrary countable partition $α$ of the unit interval with atoms which accumulate only at the origin. These maps represent linearised generalisations of the Farey map and the Gauss map from elementary number theory. First, a thorough analysis of some of their topological and ergodic-theoretic properties is given, including establishing exactness for both types of these maps. The first main result then is to establish weak and strong renewal laws for what we have called $α$-sum-level sets for the $α$-Lüroth map. Similar results have previously been obtained for the Farey map and the Gauss map, by using infinite ergodic theory. In this respect, a side product of the paper is to allow for greater transparency of some of the core ideas of infinite ergodic theory. The second remaining result is to obtain a complete description of the Lyapunov spectra of the $α$-Farey map and the $α$-Lüroth map in terms of the thermodynamical formalism. We show how to derive these spectra, and then give various examples which demonstrate the diversity of their behaviours in dependence on the chosen partition $α$.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures
Phase diagram of Rydberg atoms with repulsive van der Waals interaction
Creators: name: Osychenko, O. N.
name: Astrakharchik, G. E.
name: Lutsyshyn, Y.
name: Lozovik, Yu. E.
name: Boronat, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the phase diagram of bosons interacting with a repulsive inverse sixth power pair potential, a model for assemblies of Rydberg atoms in the local van der Waals blockade regime. The model can be parametrized in terms of just two parameters, the reduced density and temperature. Solidification happens to the fcc phase. At zero temperature the transition density is found with the diffusion Monte Carlo method at density $ρ= 3.9 (\hbar^2/m C_6)^{3/4} $, where $C_6$ is the strength of the interaction. The solidification curve at non-zero temperature is studied with the path integral Monte Carlo approach and is compared with transitions in corresponding harmonic and classical crystals. Relaxation mechanisms are considered in relation to present experiments, especially pertaining to hopping of the Rydberg excitation.
Majorana modes at the ends of superconductor vortices in doped topological insulators
Creators: name: Hosur, Pavan
name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have observed bulk superconductivity in doped topological insulators. Here we ask whether vortex Majorana zero modes, previously predicted to occur when superconductivity is induced on the surface of topological insulators, survive even in these doped systems with metallic normal states. Assuming inversion symmetry, we find that Majorana zero modes indeed appear but only below a critical doping. The critical doping is associated with a topological phase transition of the vortex line, where it supports gapless excitations along its length. The critical point depends only on the orientation of the vortex line, and a Berry phase property, the SU(2) Berry phase of the Fermi surface in the metallic normal state. By calculating this phase for available band structures we determine that materials candidates like $p$-doped Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ under pressure supports vortex end Majorana modes. Surprisingly, even superconductors derived from topologically trivial band structures can support Majorana modes, providing a promising route to realizing them.
description: Article published in Phys. Rev. Lett. Viewpoint published in Physics
Recapitulative linkage in Mavea
Creators: name: Guérin, Valérie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This chapter concentrates on recapitulative linkage in Mavea, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. I present the formal characteristics of recapitulative linkage and assess its discourse functions in two texts: a procedural text and a legend. Recapitulative linkage is compared to verbal repetition, another productive discourse strategy in Oceanic languages. I show that recapitulative linkage in Mavea is identified through a constellation of features. Syntactically, it is an instance of main clause coordination; prosodically it is marked with continuation intonation; semantically, it indicates temporal succession; and in discourse, it signals thematic continuity or rhetorical underlining.
A Progressive Agenda for the Twenty-First Century
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Progressivism (United States politics)
Economics--Political aspects

description: My intent in writing this chapter is to lay out what I see as a progressive economic agenda for the twenty-first century. By its very definition, the Progressive agenda has to change, it has to progress--as our understandings of the economy and society change, and as technology, the economy, and society themselves change.
Planejamento para a Conservação da Biodiversidade Regional: uma proposta metodológica para a indicação de áreas prioritárias para a recuperação, formação de microcorredores e criação de unidades de conservação
Creators: name: Herrmann, Gisela
name: Machado, Ricardo B.
name: Macedo, Diego R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: .
Introduction
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Gürkaynak, Refet S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
Capital movements
Monetary policy
Banks and banking, Central

description: Currency flows have always been a leading policy concern, especially in emerging markets. The long Japanese slump, the ensuing very low interest rates in Japan that have lasted 20 years, and the carry trades this fostered made currency flows a hot topic again, even before the global financial crisis increased liquidity in all developed economies and led to a new wave of currency flows to emerging market economies.
MBBS in Kyrgyzstan
Creators: name: Adminm
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: List of MBBS Universities, MBBS Education, MBBS in Abroad, MBBS In Kyrgyztan, mbbs study in abroad

description: With every passing year, India has made it harder for students to live the medical dream. Apart from the pressure from society, a medical aspirant has to worry about the decreasing number of medical seats and the reservation system for the NEET examination.  All-in-all getting into medical colleges, in India, has become a nightmare that haunts MBBS aspirants.
Introduction and Overview: Economic Transformation and Learning, Industrial, and Technology Policies in Africa
Creators: name: Noman, Akbar
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Economic policy
Economic development
Industrial policy

description: This chapter is an introduction and overview of "Industrial Policy and Economic Transformation in Africa." The main objective of the contributions in this volume is to shed light on how to vigorously promote economic transformation. They emphasize the vital role of industrial policies. It is perhaps noteworthy that the two economies among the fastest-growing in Africa in this century did not rely on an oil boom: Ethiopia and Rwanda pursued to varying degrees deliberate policies of government interventions of the type we label industrial policies. These two countries were consciously and explicitly influenced by the successful experiences with industrial policies of the most successful East Asian countries (see World Bank 1993; Stiglitz and Uy 1996). We provide a quick overview of Africa's development experience in the next three short sections in order to provide a context for the two longer ones concerning the main themes of this volume. "Static Efficiency vs. Dynamic Gains: Learning, Industrial, and Technology Policies" examines the need and possibilities of learning, industrial, and technology policies in the region, and the last section provides an overview of the other chapters in this volume and how they contribute to that aim.
Geometry of membranes
Creators: name: TU, Z. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This review reports some theoretical results on the Geometry of membranes. The governing equations to describe equilibrium configurations of lipid vesicles, lipid membranes with free edges, and chiral lipid membranes are derived from the variation of free energies of these structures. Some analytic solutions to these equations and their corresponding configurations are also shown.
description: Review for JGSP. 31 pages, 13 figures
Natural Language User Interface For Software Engineering Tasks
Creators: name: Wachtel, Alexander
name: Klamroth, Jonas
name: Tichy, Walter F.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2017
Subjects: Natural Language Processing
End User Development
Natural Language Interfaces
Human Computer Interaction
Programming In Natural Language
Dialog Systems

description: In this paper, we present the idea to use natural language as the user interface for programming tasks. Programming languages assist with repetitive tasks that involve the use of conditionals, loops and statements. This is what is often challenging users. However, users can easily describe tasks in their natural language. We aim to develop a Natural Language User Interface that enables users to describe algorithms, including statements, loops, and conditionals. For this, we extend our current spreadsheet system to support control flows. An evaluation shows that users solved more than 60% of tasks. Although far from perfect, this research might lead to fundamental changes
in computer use. With natural language, programming would become available to everyone. We believe that it is a reasonable approach for end user software engineering and will therefore
overcome the present bottleneck of IT proficients.
Changes in zonal surface temperature gradients and Walker circulations in a wide range of climates
Creators: name: Merlis, Timothy M.
name: Schneider, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variations in zonal surface temperature gradients and zonally asymmetric tropical overturning circulations (Walker circulations) are examined over a wide range of climates simulated with an idealized atmospheric general circulation model (GCM). The asymmetry in the tropical climate is generated by an imposed ocean energy flux, which does not vary with climate. The range of climates is simulated by modifying the optical thickness of an idealized longwave absorber (representing greenhouse gases). The zonal surface temperature gradient in low latitudes generally decreases as the climate warms in the idealized GCM simulations. A scaling relationship based on a two-term balance in the surface energy budget accounts for the changes in the zonally asymmetric component of the GCM-simulated surface temperature gradients. The Walker circulation weakens as the climate warms in the idealized simulations, as it does in comprehensive simulations of climate change. The wide range of climates allows a systematic test of energetic arguments that have been proposed to account for these changes in the tropical circulation. The analysis shows that a scaling estimate based on changes in the hydrological cycle (precipitation rate and saturation specific humidity) accounts for the simulated changes in the Walker circulation. However, it must be evaluated locally, with local precipitation rates. If global-mean quantities are used, the scaling estimate does not generally account for changes in the Walker circulation, and the extent to which it does is the result of compensating errors in changes in precipitation and saturation specific humidity that enter the scaling estimate.
Magnetized strangelets at finite temperature
Creators: name: Felipe, R. Gonzalez
name: Fune, E. Lopez
name: Paret, D. Manreza
name: Martinez, A. Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main properties of magnetized strangelets, namely, their energy per baryon, radius and electric charge, are studied. Temperature effects are also taken into account in order to study their stability compared to the 56Fe isotope and non-magnetized strangelets using the liquid drop model. Massive quarks are considered with the aim to have a more realistic description for strangelets in the astrophysical context and the environment of heavy ion colliders, playing also an important role in the thermodynamical quantities of the quark gas. It is concluded that the presence of a magnetic field tends to stabilize more the strangelets, even when temperature effects are taken into account. Magnetized strangelets in a paired superconductor phase (magnetized color flavor locked phase) are also discussed. It is shown that they are more stable than ordinary magnetized strangelets for typical gap values of the order of O(100) MeV.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, discussion extended, new references added
The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economics
Income distribution
Economic policy
Economic development--Environmental aspects
Sustainable development--International cooperation

description: Growing inequality within most countries around the world is one of the critical issues facing the world today. People everywhere sense that it is morally wrong. We sense that it cannot be justified. We sense that it is dividing our societies and undermining our democracies. And we are right in sensing this harm. These effects of inequality should be more than enough to steel the resolve to do something to reduce growing inequality. But even if one didn't care about these effects, there are further reasons to fight inequality. It is self-defeating: it undermines our economies. In this short paper, I want to do two things: First, I will describe the nature of this growing inequality, its multiple dimensions, and say a few words about its origins, explaining why it is has such adverse effects, and arguing that this inequality is not inevitable: it is a result of policies and politics. There are policies that would simultaneously reduce inequality, heal some of the divides in our societies, and strengthen our economies. Then, I turn to the main focus of this conference – the environment – and explore its relationship to inequality. This paper takes a global perspective with a special focus on the United States, simply because America has achieved the distinction of becoming the country with the highest level of income inequality among the advanced countries. As others have followed America’s lead, they too have suffered increasing inequality.
Refined matrix models from BPS counting
Creators: name: Sułkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a free fermion and matrix model representation of refined BPS generating functions of D2 and D0 branes bound to a single D6 brane, in a class of toric manifolds without compact four-cycles. In appropriate limit we obtain a matrix model representation of refined topological string amplitudes. We consider a few explicit examples which include a matrix model for the refined resolved conifold, or equivalently five-dimensional U(1) gauge theory, as well as a matrix representation of the refined MacMahon function. Matrix models which we construct have ordinary unitary measure, while their potentials are modified to incorporate the effect of the refinement.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, published version
The Lessons of the North Atlantic Crisis for Economic Theory and Policy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Macroeconomics
Financial crises
Economic policy

description: In analysing the financial crisis that began in 2007 and led to the Great Recession, we should try to benefit somewhat from the misfortune of recent decades: The approximately 100 crises that have occurred during the last 30 years –as liberalization policies became dominant – have given us a wealth of experience and mountains of data. If we look over a 150-year period, we have an even richer data set. With a century and half of clear, detailed information on crisis after crisis, the burning question is not ‘How did this happen?’ but ‘How did we ignore that long history, and think that we had solved the problems with the business cycle’? Believing that we had made big economic fluctuations a thing of the past took a remarkable amount of hubris.
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Development Process, with Some Lessons from Developed Countries: An Introduction
Creators: name: Dosi, Giovanni
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Intellectual property--Economic aspects
Technological innovations
Economic development
Knowledge economy

description: This first chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to analyze the impact of diverse intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes on the process of development. The relationship between IPR and development has been viewed as a matter of concern over the last decade and a half. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, it has become increasingly noted that a gap in knowledge separates developed from developing countries, and that inappropriately designed IPR regimes can present an important impediment to closing the knowledge gap, and therefore to development. Secondly, the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Agreements (TRIPS) of the Uruguay Round imposed a Western-style IPR regime on developing countries, one which many developing countries were concerned might impede their access to knowledge, and thus their development.
Bridge decompositions with distances at least two
Creators: name: Takao, Kazuto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57N10

description: For n-bridge decompositions of links in S^3, we propose a practical method to ensure that the Hempel distance is at least two.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Transition to a Market Economy: Explaining the Successes and Failures
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Capitalism
Economic development
Neoclassical school of economics
Organizational change

description: This chapter examines China’s successful transition to a market economy, and compares its performance to that of Russia. Russia followed, though imperfectly, the Washington Consensus ‘shock therapy’ policies; China an alternative course. The chapter argues that unlike Russia, Chinese leaders understood that transition required institutional innovations. Unencumbered by the dictates of neoclassical economics, they were able to develop pragmatic solutions that provided the basis of China’s three decades of unprecedented growth.
Comparative Analysis between Monolithic Architecture and Microservices in .NET Applications
Creators: name: Sabbag Filho, Nagib
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: c#
Monolithic architecture
microservices

description: This article explores monolithic and microservices software architectures, focusing on their implications for .NET applications. The monolithic architecture, which integrates all components into a single unit, is simpler to develop but faces challenges in scalability and maintenance as it grows.
EOSC-Pillar poster at TNC2021
Creators: name: MacDonald, Kirsty
name: Calamai, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: EOSC
Open Science

description: EOSC-Pillar is a European Commission Horizon 2020 funded research and innovation project. EOSC aims to provide researchers with access to data/results that are currently fragmented, through handling the increase in data volume, managing different data types, facilitating data publications and sharing of data, fostering multi-disciplinary collaboration and creating synergies. EOSC-Pillar focuses on achieving these goals in the countries of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Italy.
Interacting non-Abelian anyons as Majorana fermions in the honeycomb lattice model
Creators: name: Lahtinen, Ville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collective states of interacting non-Abelian anyons that emerge in Kitaev's honeycomb lattice model. Vortex-vortex interactions are shown to lead to the lifting of the topological degeneracy and the energy is discovered to exhibit oscillations that are consistent with Majorana fermions being localized at vortex cores. We show how to construct states corresponding to the fusion channel degrees of freedom and obtain the energy gaps characterizing the stability of the topological low energy spectrum. To study the collective behavior of many vortices, we introduce an effective lattice model of Majorana fermions. We find necessary conditions for it to approximate the spectrum of the honeycomb lattice model and show that bi-partite interactions are responsible for the degeneracy lifting also in many vortex systems.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, published version
Tapping the Brakes: Are Less Active Markets Safer and Better for the Economy?
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Capital market
Capitalism
Finance

description: Keynes was very clear in his view that markets could be excessively active. There are many forms that such excessive activity can take. There can be excessively rapid transactions (associated with high frequency trading); relatedly, holding periods can be excessively short; there can be excessive short-term cross-border capital flows; or there can be trading in new products, like derivatives or CDS's. Each of these forms of transactions has come under scrutiny, in popular discussions , within the academic literature, and among policymakers. (Not surprisingly, those engaged in these transactions have robustly defended them, often citing academic studies in support of their position.) In this paper, I provide a brief, mainly theoretical, survey of some of the key issues. I begin (in section I) with a brief reference to two basic theoretical propositions, which should frame discussions in this area: there is no presumption that unfettered markets lead to (Pareto) efficient outcomes, or even that movements towards "better" markets lead to welfare improvements. Section II. focuses on a well-studied context--that of capital market liberalization--where there is now a broad consensus that unfettered markets are welfare decreasing. The remainder of the paper is devoted to areas in which research is more recent. Section III focuses on one aspect of "excessively active markets," cross-border capital flows. Sections IV and V focus on high frequency trading--section IV on the alleged benefits in terms of improved price discovery, section V on the alleged benefits in terms of greater liquidity. Section VI concludes with remarks about other ways in which markets may be excessively active, e.g. in the creation of derivatives, and with policy responses.
N=2 Instanton Effective Action in Omega-background and D3/D(-1)-brane System in R-R Background
Creators: name: Ito, Katsushi
name: Nakajima, Hiroaki
name: Saka, Takuya
name: Sasaki, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between the ADHM construction of instantons in the Omega-background and the fractional D3/D(-1)-branes at the orbifold singularity of C \times C^2/Z_2 in Ramond-Ramond (R-R) 3-form field strength background. We calculate disk amplitudes of open strings connecting the D3/D(-1)-branes in certain R-R background to obtain the D(-1)-brane effective action deformed by the R-R background. We show that the deformed D(-1)-brane effective action agrees with the instanton effective action in the Omega-background.
description: 35 pages, no figures, references added
Decision-making, environmental enrichment and the mesolimbic dopamine system in adult and aged rats
Creators: name: Li, Yunkai
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dopamine
subject: Risk-taking
subject: Decision-making
subject: Environmental enrichment
subject: Sex differences
subject: QP364.7L5
subject: Dopaminergic neurons
subject: Risk-taking (Psychology)
subject: Dopamine
subject: Decision making
subject: Environmental enrichment (Animal culture)
subject: Rats--Physiology

description: The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in learning, reward-processing, motivation, motor control and attention. The population of midbrain dopamine neurons projects extensively to many areas of the brain. This system is maintained in a homeostatic way, and it can self-regulate to maintain behavioural function in extreme cases such as Parkinson’s disease. However, Huttunen (2016) discovered a significant correlation between midbrain dopamine neuron number in male rats and their behavioural performances in a gambling task. It was unexpected that such non-clinical variation in dopamine neuron number can lead to differences in observable behaviours. Our project aims to investigate the link between dopamine structure and function in risk decision-making, and to explore possible factors that can manipulate the brain and behaviour. Chapter 1 reviewed the dopaminergic system and its adaptive role in conditions such as environmental enrichment and stress. Chapter 2 described the experiment using a modified risk task which failed to replicate the original results from Huttunen (2016). Chapter 3 examined the possible sex difference in the brain of behaviour of rats. Chapter 4 and 5 explored factors that can influence this dopamine-loss-stay relationship, including environmental enrichment and neurogenesis. We demonstrated that dopamine-expressing neurons in the rat midbrain may underlie loss-stay behaviours, which may reflect the animals’ risk-attitude. Moreover, the correlation was significant only when the age of the animal was considered. Therefore, this correlation may be a result of aging, or the compensatory mechanisms that often accompany ageing. Future research may shed light on possible treatment and interventions for neural decline in ageing and other clinical conditions.
Fermion Resonances on a Thick Brane with a Piecewise Warp Factor
Creators: name: Li, Hai-Tao
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Zhao, Zhen-Hua
name: Guo, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we mainly investigate the problems of resonances of massive KK fermions on a single scalar constructed thick brane with a piecewise warp factor matching smoothly. The distance between two boundaries and the other parameters are determined by one free parameter through three junction conditions. For the generalized Yukawa coupling $η\barΨϕ^{k}Ψ$ with odd $k=1,3,5,...$, the mass eigenvalue $m$, width $Γ$, lifetime $τ$, and maximal probability $P_{max}$ of fermion resonances are obtained. Our numerical calculations show that the brane without internal structure also favors the appearance of resonant states for both left- and right-handed fermions. The scalar-fermion coupling and the thickness of the brane influence the resonant behaviors of the massive KK fermions.
description: V3: 15 pages, 7 figures, published version
Building trust and gaining autonomy : the Trust-Autonomy Puzzle in the patient-physician relationship
Creators: name: Zhang, Ju (Ph. D. In Philosophy)
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Trust
Autonomy
Patient-physician relationship
Patient-physician trust
Patient autonomy
The problem of mistrust

description: This dissertation addresses The Trust-Autonomy Puzzle in the patient-physician relationship, i.e., under the assumption that patient-physician trust and patient autonomy are both valuable, how should trust and autonomy be construed so that we can have both in the patient-physician relationship? I critically examine Onora O’Neill’s solution to the puzzle. O’Neill’s solution to this puzzle is to repudiate individual autonomy and adopt Kantian principled autonomy. It implies that autonomy is no longer seen as a feature of persons, but of universalizable principles. Because Kantian principled autonomy is compatible with trust, we can have both autonomy and trust in the patient-physician relationship. I don’t think that this is the best solution available. I argue that individual autonomy should not be repudiated, and that Kantian principled autonomy is theoretically appealing but practically inadequate. Also, it is not clear what notion of trust O’Neill has in mind, so both her repudiation of individual autonomy and her defense of Kantian principled autonomy may not be well grounded. My solution to this puzzle is to adopt a revised notion of individual autonomy which means although autonomy is still a feature of persons, a person is seen as an individual who stands in a variety of interpersonal relationships with others and bears a variety of responsibilities, obligations, commitments, etc., according to those relationships. More importantly, I provide a non-reductive, robust account of interpersonal trust. According to my account, trust has a non-normative aspect, a normative aspect, and an affective aspect. Each is sufficient for at least some level of trust, but none is necessary. For full trust, all aspects may be necessary. More importantly, when trusting others, we expect (or are optimistic) that they will act autonomously according to their reflectively accepted obligations, responsibilities, commitments, etc., which amounts to respecting their autonomy. The revised notion of individual autonomy is not only compatible with my account of trust, but also an essential part of trust. In short, mutual interpersonal trust essentially involves respecting individual autonomy. As a result, we can have both patient autonomy and patient-physician trust. By building trust, we also gain autonomy.
Learning and Industrial Policy: Implications for Africa
Creators: name: Greenwald, Bruce C.
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Industrial policy
Economic development
Learning

description: Over the past thirty years, Africa has suffered from deindustrialization. The quarter century from the early 1980s was a period of declining per capita income and increasing poverty. Structural adjustment policies advocated by the IMF and the World Bank were predicated on the belief that by eliminating “distortions” in the economy, Africa would grow faster—by constructing an economy based on principles of free and unfettered markets, with the government restrained to ensuring macro-stability (which typically just meant price stability), economic performance would be increased and all would benefit. It was recognized, of course, that eliminating trade protection would result in the loss of jobs, some in agriculture, many others in industry. The strongly held belief, however, was that these workers would quickly find jobs in new industries, consistent with the country’s comparative advantage. Moving resources from inefficient protected sectors to more efficient competitive sectors would raise incomes. Little attention was paid to the distribution of income, perhaps because of an implicit belief in trickledown economics—somehow, if the economic pie grew, all would benefit. Things didn't turn out as the advocates of these policies had hoped. Rather than growth there was decline. Job creation didn't always keep pace with job destruction, and so workers moved from low productivity protected sectors to even lower productivity unemployment, open or disguised. When there was growth, the benefits often went disproportionately to those at the top, and didn't trickle down to the rest of the economy. When, in the first decade of the twenty first century growth resumed, it was largely based on the boom in commodity prices. The share of global manufacturing value added in Africa in 2008 was 1.1 percent in 2008, from 1.2 percent in 2000 (UNCTAD 2011). Even countries that achieved macroeconomic stability and evidenced reasonably good governance seemed unable to attract much investment outside of the extractive sector. It is imperative that this course of events be changed, particularly since the extractive sector typically does not give rise to many jobs, and certainly not enough jobs for the burgeoning labor force in many of the countries. (The African labor force is expected to grow --- working age Africans today comprise some 500m people; by 2040, that number will be 1.1bn.