cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Lindquist-Wheeler formulation of lattice universes
Creators: name: Liu, Rex G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper examines the properties of `lattice universes' wherein point masses are arranged in a regular lattice on space-like hypersurfaces; open, flat, and closed universes are considered. The universes are modelled using the Lindquist-Wheeler (LW) approximation scheme, which approximates the space-time in each lattice cell by Schwarz\-schild geometry. Extending Lindquist and Wheeler's work, we derive cosmological scale factors describing the evolution of all three types of universes, and we use these scale factors to show that the universes' dynamics strongly resemble those of Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universes. In particular, we use the scale factors to make more salient the resemblance between Clifton and Ferreira's Friedmann-like equations for the LW models and the actual Friedmann equations of FLRW space-times. Cosmological redshifts for such universes are then determined numerically, using a modification of Clifton and Ferreira's approach; the redshifts are found to closely resemble their FLRW counterparts, though with certain differences attributable to the `lumpiness' in the underlying matter content. Most notably, the LW redshifts can differ from their FLRW counterparts by as much as 30\%, even though they increase linearly with FLRW redshifts, and they exhibit a non-zero integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, something which would not be possible in matter-dominated FLRW universes without a cosmological constant.
description: 41 pages, 35 figures. Corrected error in graph legend of Fig 28 as well as several small typos
Upregulation of the stress-associated gene p8 in mouse models of demyelination and in multiple sclerosis tissues
Creators: name: Miller, Stephen D.
name: Mcmahon, Eileen J.
name: Vasseur, Sophie
name: Wang, Ying
name: Bergstralh, Daniel T.
name: Thrash, J. Cameron
name: Carson, Monica J.
name: Iovanna, Juan L.
name: Ting, Jenny P-Y.
name: Arnett, Heather A.
name: Plant, Sheila R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Cuprizone-induced demyelination is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) as cuprizone-fed mice exhibit neuroin-flammation and demyelination in the brain. Upon removal of cuprizone from the diet, inflammation is resolved and reparative remyelination occurs. In an Affymetrix Gene-Chip analysis, the stress-associated gene p8 was strongly upregulated (>10×) during cuprizone-induced demyelination but not remyelination. We verified this upregulation (>15×) of p8 in the CNS during demyelination by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This upregulation is brain-specific, as p8 is not elevated in the liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and heart of cuprizone-treated mice. We also localized the cellular source of p8 during cuprizone treatment, and further found elevated expression during embryogenesis but not in normal adult brain. Compared with wild-type controls, the death of oligodendrocytes in p8−/− mice is delayed, as is microglial recruitment to areas of demyelination. The corpus callosum of p8−/− mice demyelinates at a slower rate than wild-type mice, suggesting that p8 exacerbates CNS inflammation and demyelination. Enhanced expression of p8 is also observed in the spinal cords of mice with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by PLP139–151 peptide (10×). Increased expression is detected during disease onset and expression wanes during the remission phase. Finally, p8 is found upregulated (8×) in post-mortem tissue from MS patients and is higher in the plaque tissue compared with adjacent normal-appearing white and gray matter. Thus, p8 is an excellent candidate as a novel biomarker of demyelination.
Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor signaling in the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage is required for normalin vivo oligodendrocyte development and myelination
Creators: name: Schwab, Markus H.
name: Lu, Q. Richard
name: Popken, Greg
name: Zhang, Jihui
name: Ye, Ping
name: D'Ercole, A. Joseph
name: Zeger, Martha
name: Rowitch, David
name: Nave, Klaus-Armin
name: Xuan, Shouhong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been shown to be a potent agent in promoting the growth and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors, and in stimulating myelination during development and following injury. To definitively determine whether IGF-I acts directly on the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage, we generated lines of mice in which the type 1 IGF receptor gene (igf1r) was conditionally ablated either in Olig1 or proteolipid protein expressing cells (termed IGF1Rpre-oligo-ko and IGF1Roligo-ko mice, respectively). Compared to wild type mice, IGF1Rpre-oligo-ko mice had a decreased volume (by 35% to 55 %) and cell number (by 54% to 70%) in the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior commissure at 2 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. IGF1Roligo-ko mice by 25 weeks of age also showed reductions, albeit less marked, in CC volume and cell number. Unlike astrocytes, the percentage of NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursors was decreased by ~13% in 2-week-old IGF1Rpre-oligo-ko mice, while the percentage of CC1+ mature oligodendrocytes was decreased by ~24% in 6-week-old IGF1Rpre-oligo-ko mice and ~25% in 25-week-old IGF1Roligo-ko mice. The reduction in these cells is apparently a result of decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results indicate that IGF-I directly affects oligodendrocytes and myelination in vivo via IGF1R, and that IGF1R signaling in the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage is required for normal oligodendrocyte development and myelination. These data also provide a fundamental basis for developing strategies with the potential to target IGF-IGF1R signaling pathways in oligodendrocyte lineage cells for the treatment of demyelinating disorders.
Fast computation of reconciled forecasts for hierarchical and grouped time series
Creators: name: Hyndman, Rob J
name: Lee, Alan
name: Wang, Earo
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We describe some fast algorithms for reconciling large collections of time series forecasts with aggregation constraints. The constraints arise due to the need for forecasts of collections of time series with hierarchical or grouped structures to add up in the same manner as the observed time series. We show that the least squares approach to reconciling hierarchical forecasts can be extended to more general non-hierarchical groups of time series, and that the computations can be handled efficiently by exploiting the structure of the associated design matrix. Our algorithms will reconcile hierarchical forecasts with hierarchies of unlimited size, making forecast reconciliation feasible in business applications involving very large numbers of time series.
Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Hong, Jau-Shyong
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Breese, George R.
name: Knapp, Darin J.
name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Block, Michelle L.
name: Qin, Liya
name: Wu, Xuefei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Inflammation is implicated in the progressive nature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. A single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) injection was administered in adult wild-type mice and in mice lacking TNFα receptors (TNF R1/R2−/−) to discern the mechanisms of inflammation transfer from the periphery to the brain and the neurodegenerative consequences. Systemic LPS administration resulted in rapid brain TNFα increase that remained elevated for 10 months, while peripheral TNFα (serum and liver) had subsided by 9 h (serum) and 1 week (liver). Systemic TNFα and LPS administration activated microglia and increased expression of brain pro-inflammatory factors (i.e., TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65) in wild-type mice, but not in TNF R1/R2−/− mice. Further, LPS reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) by 23% at 7-months post-treatment, which progressed to 47% at 10 months. Together, these data demonstrate that through TNFα, peripheral inflammation in adult animals can: (1) activate brain microglia to produce chronically elevated pro-inflammatory factors; (2) induce delayed and progressive loss of DA neurons in the SN. These findings provide valuable insight into the potential pathogenesis and self-propelling nature of Parkinson's disease.
Additional file 1 of Tissue-specific transposon-associated small RNAs in the gymnosperm tree, Norway spruce
Creators: name: Nakamura, Miyuki
name: Köhler, Claudia
name: Hennig, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. sRNA sequencing and mapping data, Table S2. 24-nt sRNA clusters with phasing scores with above threshold, Figure S1. Size distributions of sRNA derived from ribosomal/transfer/small nuclear (nucleolar) RNA size distributions in needles, pollen, and somatic embryonic callus at 22 °C. SEC: somatic embryonic callus, Figure S2. The number of sRNA cluster loci with certain phasing score, Figure S3. Expression pattern of RdDM and sRNA related pathway component homologs.
A BAC transgenic mouse model to analyze the function of astroglial SPARCL1 (SC1) in the central nervous system
Creators: name: Weimer, Jill M.
name: Voora, Santhi
name: Stanco, Amelia
name: Cheng, Jr-Gang
name: Vargo, Ana C.
name: Anton, E. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Extracellular matrix associated Sparc-like 1 (SC1/SPARCL1) can influence the function of astroglial cells in the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS). To examine SC1’s significance in the CNS, we generated a BAC transgenic mouse model in which Sc1 is expressed in radial glia and their astrocyte derivatives using the astroglial-specific Blbp (Brain-lipid binding protein; [Feng et al., (1994) Neuron 12:895–908]) regulatory elements. Characterization of these Blbf-Sc1 transgenic mice show elevated Sc1 transcript and protein in an astroglial selective pattern throughout the CNS. This model provides a novel in vivo system for evaluating the role of SC1 in brain development and function, in general, and for understanding SC1’s significance in the fate and function of astroglial cells, in particular.
MOESM1 of Tissue-specific transposon-associated small RNAs in the gymnosperm tree, Norway spruce
Creators: name: Nakamura, Miyuki
name: Köhler, Claudia
name: Hennig, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. sRNA sequencing and mapping data, Table S2. 24-nt sRNA clusters with phasing scores with above threshold, Figure S1. Size distributions of sRNA derived from ribosomal/transfer/small nuclear (nucleolar) RNA size distributions in needles, pollen, and somatic embryonic callus at 22 °C. SEC: somatic embryonic callus, Figure S2. The number of sRNA cluster loci with certain phasing score, Figure S3. Expression pattern of RdDM and sRNA related pathway component homologs.
Histone deacetylase 11 regulates oligodendrocyte-specific gene expression and cell development in OL-1 oligodendroglia cells
Creators: name: Hu, Qichen
name: Liu, Hedi
name: D'ercole, A. Joseph
name: Ye, Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate a correlation between reduced acetylation of histone core proteins and oligodendrocyte development. The nature of these histone modifications and the mechanisms mediating them remain undefined. To address these issues we utilized OL-1 cells, a rat non-transformed oligodendrocyte cell line, and primary oligodendrocyte cultures. We found that the acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 and lysine 14 (H3K9/K14ac) is reduced in both the myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) genes of maturing oligodendroglial OL-1 cells, and furthermore, this temporally correlates with increases in MBP, PLP, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) 11 expression. Disruption of developmentally-regulated histone H3 deacetylation within the MBP and PLP genes by the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A blunts MBP and PLP expression. With its increased expression, interaction of HDAC 11 with acetylated histone H3 and recruitment of HDAC 11 to the MBP and PLP genes markedly increases in maturing OL-1 cells. Moreover, suppressing HDAC 11 expression with small interfering RNA significantly: 1) increases H3K9/K14ac globally and within the MBP and PLP genes, 2) decreases MBP and PLP mRNA expression, and 3) blunts the morphological changes associated with oligodendrocyte development. Our data strongly support a specific role for HDAC 11 in histone deacetylation and in turn the regulation of oligodendrocyte-specific protein gene expression and oligodendrocyte development.
title: Analysis and design techniques for high-speed CMOS optical receiver
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°
Creators: name: Ð§Ð¶Ð°Ð½ ÐÐ°ÑÐ¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: ÐÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ
Ð£ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸
equalization
bandwidth extension techniques
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Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°. Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð² Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸. Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð´Ð²Ðµ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸. ÐÐµÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð°Ð½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÐµÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸Ðº Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð¹Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ-ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼, Ð²ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð±ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ¼Ð¸. Ð ÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¾Ð±Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ¼ Ð² Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸.
description: Object of study is the design of high-speed optical receiver. The aim is to study the high-performance technologies used in high-speed optical communication receivers. As a result of the study, we have accomplished two tasks. The first work was devoted to the development of a high-speed transimpedance amplifier for optical communications, and multiple bandwidth expansion techniques were investigated and applied. The second work is based on the first work and further designs a complete receiver with additional equalizer, post amplifier, output buffer and other parts. The simulation results show that both works have excellent performance and can meet the applications in high-speed optical communication.
Factors Affecting the Farmer-to-Comsumer Direct Marketing and Its influence on the Sale Increase of Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Lee, Daye
name: Lee, Daye
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: farmer-to-consumer direct marketing
subject: agricultural sales
subject: hierarchical logit model

description: Farm-to-consumer direct marketing increasingly has been recognized as an attractive marketing alternative by farm operators, since producers can receive a better price by selling products directly to consumers. The purpose of this study is twofold. Using the census of agriculture of 2010, we first estimated a hierarchical logit model to identify factors affecting farmer-to-consumer direct marketing chosen by farmers. Then we used an ordinal logit model to estimate the relationship between the farmer-to-comsumer direct marketing business and the increase in sales of agricultural products. The results show that socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individual as well as various regional environments influence farmers' choices of direct marketing. 16.7% of total variances were explained by regional environments such as accessibility, the number of various distributional facilities, and exchanges between cities and rural areas in farmers’ choice of direct marketing. Also, a farmer who runs a farmer-to-consumer directing marketing business has almost 1.3 times higher odds of increasing agricultural sale revenue than one who does not run the direct marketing business.
Involvement of p300 in constitutive and HIV-1 Tat-activated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes
Creators: name: Zou, Wei
name: Wang, Zhenyuan
name: Liu, Ying
name: Zhou, Betty Y.
name: Yang, X. Frank
name: He, Johnny J.
name: Fan, Yan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: HIV-1 Tat protein is an important pathogenic factor in HIV-1-associated neurological diseases. One hallmark of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is astrocytosis, which is characterized by elevated GFAP expression in astrocytes. We have shown that Tat activates GFAP expression in astrocytes (Zhou, et al., Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 27:296, 2004) and that GFAP is an important regulator of Tat neurotoxicity (Zou, et. al., Am. J. Pathol. 171:1293, 2007). However, the underlying mechanisms for Tat-mediated GFAP up-regulation are not understood. In the current study, we reported concurrent up-regulation of adenovirus E1a-associated 300 kDa protein p300 and GFAP in Tat-expressing human astroytoma cells and primary astrocytes. We showed that p300 was indeed induced by Tat expression and HIV-1 infection and that the induction occurred at the transcriptional level through the cis-acting elements of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) within its promoter. Using siRNA, we further showed that p300 regulated both constitutive and Tat-mediated GFAP expression. Moreover, we showed that ectopic expression of p300 potentiated Tat transactivation activity and increased proliferation of HIV-1-infected astrocytes, but had little effect on HIV-1 replication in these cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that Tat is a positive regulator of p300 expression, which in turn regulates GFAP expression, and suggest that the Tat-Egr-1-p300-GFAP axis likely contributes to Tat neurotoxicity and predisposes astrocytes to be an HIV-1 sanctuary in the CNS.
A note on integrating group scheme actions
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Daniel
name: Kowalski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 13N15, Secondary 14L15

description: We prove a non-integrability result concerning iterative derivations on projective line, where the iterative rule is given by a non-algebraic formal group.
Issues in the Estimation of Mis-Specified Models of Fractionally Integrated Processes
Creators: name: Nadarajah, K.
name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Poskitt, D.S.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper we quantify the impact of model mis-specification on the properties of parameter estimators applied to fractionally integrated processes. We demonstrate the asymptotic equivalence of four alternative parametric methods: frequency domain maximum likelihood, Whittle estimation, time domain maximum likelihood and conditional sum of squares. We show that all four estimators converge to the same pseudo-true value and provide an analytical representation of their (common) asymptotic distribution. As well as providing theoretical insights, we explore the finite sample properties of the alternative estimators when used to fit mis-specified models. In particular we demonstrate that when the difference between the true and pseudo-true values of the long memory parameter is sufficiently large, a clear distinction between the frequency domain and time domain estimators can be observed - in terms of the accuracy with which the finite sample distributions replicate the common asymptotic distribution - with the time domain estimators exhibiting a closer match overall. Simulation experiments also demonstrate that the two time-domain estimators have the smallest bias and mean squared error as estimators of the pseudo-true value of the long memory parameter, with conditional sum of squares being the most accurate estimator overall and having a relative efficiency that is approximately double that of frequency domain maximum likelihood, across a range of mis-specification designs.
Sequential decoupling of negative-energy states in Douglas-Kroll-Hess theory
Creators: name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we review the historical development, current status, and prospects of Douglas--Kroll--Hess theory as a quantum chemical relativistic electrons-only theory.
description: 15 pages
β-catenin mediates insulin-like growth factor-I actions to promote cyclin D1 mRNA expression, cell proliferation and survival in oligodendroglial cultures
Creators: name: Yan, Yun
name: D'ercole, A. Joseph
name: Liu, Hedi
name: Ye, Ping
name: Hu, Qichen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: By promoting cell proliferation, survival and maturation insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is essential to the normal growth and development of the central nervous system. It is clear that IGF-I actions are primarily mediated by the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R), and that phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-Akt kinases and MAP kinases signal many of IGF-I-IGF1R actions in neural cells, including oligodendrocyte lineage cells. The precise downstream targets of these signaling pathways, however, remain to be defined. We studied oligodendroglial cells to determine whether β-catenin, a molecule that is a downstream target of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and plays a key role in the Wnt canonical signaling pathway, mediates IGF-I actions. We found that IGF-I increases β-catenin protein abundance within an hour after IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Inhibiting the PI3-Akt pathway suppressed IGF-I-induced increases in β-catenin and cyclin D1 mRNA, while suppression of GSK3β activity simulated IGF-I actions. Knocking-down β-catenin mRNA by RNA interference suppressed IGF-I-stimulated increases in the abundance of cyclin D1 mRNA, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Our data suggest that β-catenin is an important downstream molecule in the PI3-Akt-GSK3β pathway, and as such it mediates IGF-I upregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA and promotion of cell proliferation and survival in oligodendroglial cells.
Recycling Krylov subspaces for CFD applications and a new hybrid recycling solver
Creators: name: Amritkar, Amit
name: de Sturler, Eric
name: Świrydowicz, Katarzyna
name: Tafti, Danesh
name: Ahuja, Kapil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on robust and efficient iterative solvers for the pressure Poisson equation in incompressible Navier-Stokes problems. Preconditioned Krylov subspace methods are popular for these problems, with BiCGStab and GMRES(m) most frequently used for nonsymmetric systems. BiCGStab is popular because it has cheap iterations, but it may fail for stiff problems, especially early on as the initial guess is far from the solution. Restarted GMRES is better, more robust, in this phase, but restarting may lead to very slow convergence. Therefore, we evaluate the rGCROT method for these systems. This method recycles a selected subspace of the search space (called recycle space) after a restart. This generally improves the convergence drastically compared with GMRES(m). Recycling subspaces is also advantageous for subsequent linear systems, if the matrix changes slowly or is constant. However, rGCROT iterations are still expensive in memory and computation time compared with those of BiCGStab. Hence, we propose a new, hybrid approach that combines the cheap iterations of BiCGStab with the robustness of rGCROT. For the first few time steps the algorithm uses rGCROT and builds an effective recycle space, and then it recycles that space in the rBiCGStab solver. We evaluate rGCROT on a turbulent channel flow problem, and we evaluate both rGCROT and the new, hybrid combination of rGCROT and rBiCGStab on a porous medium flow problem. We see substantial performance gains on both problems.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling controls basal and TNFα-stimulated glial cell proliferation
Creators: name: Zou, Jian
name: Vetreno, Ryan P.
name: Crews, Fulton T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Activation and proliferation of glial cells and their progenitors is a key process of neuroinflammation associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Under neuropathological conditions where glial cell activation and proliferation is evident, controlling the population of glia might be of therapeutic importance. The proliferative action of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) on microglia has been reported, but the molecular mechanism of TNFα regulation of glial cell proliferation is largely unknown. Using a model of organotypic hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HEC) slice culture, we investigated the role of ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling in glial proliferation by TNFα. Populations of proliferating cells in HEC culture were labeled with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Treatment with TNFα induced strong expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA and immunoreactivity in BrdU+ cells while markedly increasing proliferation of BrdU+ cells. In addition, TNFα increased aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression, an ion channel involved in glial proliferation. The proliferative action of TNFα was attenuated by blocking the P2X7 receptors with the specific antagonists oxATP, BBG and KN62, or by lowering extracellular ATP with ATP hydrolysis apyrase. Basal proliferation of BrdU+ cells was also sensitive to blockade of ATP-P2X7 signaling. Furthermore, TNFα activation of P2X7 receptors appear to regulate AQP4 expression through protein kinase C cascade and down regulation of AQP4 expression can reduce TNFα-stimulated BrdU+ cell proliferation. Taken together, these novel findings demonstrate the importance of ATP-P2X7 signaling in controlling proliferation of glial progenitors under the pathological conditions associated with increased TNFα.
Bias Correction of Persistence Measures in Fractionally Integrated Models
Creators: name: Grose, Simone D.
name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Poskitt, D.S.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper investigates the accuracy of bootstrap-based bias correction of persistence measures for long memory fractionally integrated processes. The bootstrap method is based on the semi-parametric sieve approach, with the dynamics in the long memory process captured by an autoregressive approximation. With a view to improving accuracy, the sieve method is also applied to data pre-filtered by a semi-parametric estimate of the long memory parameter. Both versions of the bootstrap technique are used to estimate the finite sample distributions of the sample autocorrelation coefficients and the impulse response coefficients and, in turn, to bias-adjust these statistics. The accuracy of the resultant estimators in the case of the autocorrelation coefficients is also compared with that yielded by analytical bias adjustment methods when available. The (raw) sieve technique is seen to yield a reduction in the bias of both persistence measures. The pre-filtered sieve produces a substantial further reduction in the bias of the estimated impulse response function, whilst the extra improvement yielded by pre-filtering in the case of the sample autocorrelation function is shown to depend heavily on the accuracy of the pre-filter.
On the particle entanglement spectrum of the Laughlin states
Creators: name: Garjani, B. Majidzadeh
name: Estienne, B.
name: Ardonne, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum has proven to be very fruitful in identifying topological phases of matter. Typically, one performs numerical studies of finite-size systems. However, there are few rigorous results for finite-size systems. We revisit the problem of determining the rank of the "particle entanglement spectrum" of the Laughlin states. We reformulate the problem into a problem concerning the ideal of symmetric polynomials that vanish under the formation of several clusters of particles. We give an explicit generating family of this ideal, and we prove that polynomials in this ideal have a total degree that is bounded from below. We discuss the difficulty in proving the same bound on the degree of any of the variables, which is necessary to determine the rank of the particle entanglement spectrum.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor changes and added references
An Article On: Augmented Reality Contrast to Ergonomic Design
Creators: name: Das, Soumyajit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Technology management

description: To describe the use of augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) related to ergonomic applications across education, aircraft crew stations, and maintenance, practicing engineers involved with military applications undertook a literature review. This review analyses articles based on their relevance to ergonomic AR/VR applications as well as their breadth of applications. The review's findings were compiled across various industries to highlight particular use cases for AR/VR applications. The goal of this article is to inform ergonomics professionals about current AR/VR applications addressing ergonomic issues across a choice of three military-related usage areas. It also identifies key implementation strategies, research findings, and application-specific similarities.
title: The temporal and spatial ecology of Brassicogethes (Meligethes) aeneus
Creators: name: Shortall, Chris R.
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: Pollen beetles (Brassicogethes (Meligethes) aeneus) are a common and pernicious pest of oilseed rape. This study investigated the migration ecology of B. aeneus using suction-trap data from the longest-running terrestrial insect dataset in the world alongside field-collected data from a five-year sampling campaign. In addition, next-generation sequencing techniques and flight-mills were used to investigate the flight behaviour and migratory potential of B. aeneus. Populations have increased in abundance by ~162% in the UK since the 1980s alongside, but not correlated with, an increase in oilseed rape. The abundance of spring migrants in spring is related to the abundance of beetles caught in suction-traps the previous summer, suggesting that it may be possible to forecast the scale of the spring migration into crops. The number of B. aeneus in daily suction-trap samples is influenced by a small range of environmental variables, time of year and the number of beetles trapped in the previous summer. A selection of statistical approaches (GAM, zero-inflated GLM, random forest and an artificial neural network) were used to investigate daily suction-trap samples, however, none were able to predict the eruptive dynamics that quickly lead to very high counts. The spatial ecology of B. aeneus showed a strong positive relationship between suction-trap and field-caught data and suction-trap data showed spatial synchrony of migrating beetles up to ~150 km. However, no spatial synchrony was found in the field-caught data indicating that at the farm scale the beetle may be locally irruptive, and infestations of the crop are difficult to predict. Studies on the dispersal ability of B. aeneus in the UK proved inconclusive, but indicated that there is a single, homogeneous, UK population with a proportion migrating long distances within the UK. In addition, studies on adult B. aeneus emergence in the field and collated life cycle parameters for B. aeneus are presented as appendices. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential to use suction-traps to forecast the timing and abundance of B. aeneus spring migration and provide growers with timely warnings for crop inspections and control.
The $Z_H \to γH$ decay in the Littlest Higgs Model
Creators: name: Aranda, J. I.
name: Cortes-Maldonado, I.
name: Ramírez-Zavaleta, F.
name: Tututi, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the calculation of the $Z_H \to γH$ decay in the context of the Littlest Higgs model at one-loop level. Our calculations include the contributions of fermions, scalars and gauge bosons in accordance with the most recent experimental constraints on the parameters space of the model. We find branching ratios of the order of $10^{-5}$ for the energy scale $f=2,3,4$ TeV on the $0.1
description: 10 pages and 9 figures. Revised version
Approximate Bayesian Computation in State Space Models
Creators: name: Martin, Gael M.
name: McCabe, Brendan P.M.
name: Maneesoonthorn, Worapree
name: Robert, Christian P.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: A new approach to inference in state space models is proposed, based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). ABC avoids evaluation of the likelihood function by matching observed summary statistics with statistics computed from data simulated from the true process; exact inference being feasible only if the statistics are sufficient. With finite sample sufficiency unattainable in the state space setting, we seek asymptotic sufficiency via the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the parameters of an auxiliary model. We prove that this auxiliary model-based approach achieves Bayesian consistency, and that - in a precise limiting sense - the proximity to (asymptotic) sufficiency yielded by the MLE is replicated by the score. In multiple parameter settings a separate treatment of scalar parameters, based on integrated likelihood techniques, is advocated as a way of avoiding the curse of dimensionality. Some attention is given to a structure in which the state variable is driven by a continuous time process, with exact inference typically infeasible in this case as a result of intractable transitions. The ABC method is demonstrated using the unscented Kalman filter as a fast and simple way of producing an approximation in this setting, with a stochastic volatility model for financial returns used for illustration.
Normality of Orthogonal and Sympletic Nilpotent Orbit Closures in Positive Characteristic
Creators: name: Xiao, Husileng
name: Shu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we investigate the normality of closures of orthogonal and symplectic nilpotent orbits in positive characteristic. We prove that the closure of such a nilpotent orbit is normal provided that neither type d nor type e minimal irreducible degeneration occurs in the closure, and conversely if the closure is normal, then any type e minimal irreducible degeneration does not occur in it. Here, the minimal irreducible degenerations of a nilpotent orbit are introduced by W. Hesselink in [6] (or see [11] from which we take Table 1 for the complete list of all minimal irreducible degenerations). Our result is a weak version in positive characteristic of [11, Theorem 16.2(ii)], one of the main results of [11] over complex numbers.
description: 13 pages, Journal of Algebra 2015
Gender-specific out-migration, deforestation and urbanization in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Creators: name: Carr, David L.
name: Barbieri, Alisson F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The Ecuadorian Amazon, one of the richest reserves of biodiversity in the world, has faced one of the highest rates of deforestation of any Amazonian nation. Most of this forest elimination has been caused by agricultural colonization that followed the discovery of oil fields in 1967. Since the 1990s, an increasing process of urbanization has also engendered new patterns of population mobility within the Amazon, along with traditional ways by which rural settlers make their living. However, while very significant in its effects on deforestation, urbanization and regional development, population mobility within the Amazon has hardly been studied at all, as well as the distinct migration patterns between men and women. This paper uses a longitudinal dataset of 250 farm households in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon to understand differentials between men and women migrants to urban and rural destinations and between men and women non-migrants. First, we use hazard analysis based on the Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimator to obtain the cumulative probability that an individual living in the study area in 1990 or at time t, will out-migrated at some time, t+n, before 1999. Results indicate that out-migration to other rural areas in the Amazon, especially pristine areas is considerably greater than out-migration to the growing, but still incipient, Amazonian urban areas. Furthermore, men are more likely to out-migrate to rural areas than women, while the reverse occurs for urban areas. Difference-of-means tests were employed to examine potential factors accounting for differentials between male and female out-migration to urban and rural areas. Among the key results, relative to men younger women are more likely to out-migrate to urban areas; more difficult access from farms to towns and roads constrains women’s migration; and access to new lands in the Amazon–an important cause of further deforestation–is more associated with male out-migration. Economic factors such as engagement in on-farm work, increasing resource scarcity–measured by higher population density at the farm and reduction in farm land on forest and crops–and increase in pasture land are more associated with male out-migration to rural areas. On the other hand, increasing resource scarcity, higher population density and weaker migration networks are more associated with female out-migration to urban areas. Thus, a “vicious cycle” is created: Pressure over land leads to deforestation in most or all farm forest areas and reduces the possibilities for further agricultural extensification (deforestation); out-migration, especially male out-migration, occurs to other rural or forest areas in the Amazon (with women being more likely to choose urban destinations); and, giving continuing population growth and pressures in the new settled areas, new pressures promote further out-migration to rural destinations and unabated deforestation.
Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda
Creators: name: Gray, Clark L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Soil degradation is widely considered to be a key factor undermining agricultural livelihoods in the developing world and contributing to rural out-migration. To date, however, few quantitative studies have examined the effects of soil characteristics on human migration or other social outcomes for potentially vulnerable households. This study takes advantage of a unique longitudinal survey dataset from Kenya and Uganda containing information on household-level soil properties to investigate the effects of soil quality on population mobility. Random effects multinomial logit models are used to test for effects of soil quality on both temporary and permanent migration while accounting for a variety of potential confounders. The analysis reveals that soil quality significantly reduces migration in Kenya, particularly for temporary labor migration, but marginally increases migration in Uganda. These findings are consistent with several previous studies in showing that adverse environmental conditions tend to increase migration but not universally, contrary to common assumptions about environmentally-induced migration.
The Longitudinal Impact of Crises on Economic, Social, and Mobility-Related Outcomes: The Role of Gender, Skills, and Migration Status
Creators: name: Müller, Tobias
name: Viarengo, Martina
name: Wanner, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Migration
Research

description: The Longitudinal Impact of Crises on Economic, Social, and Mobility-Related Outcomes: The Role of Gender, Skills, and Migration Status is a project of the National Center of Competence "nccr – on the move "
Measuring the environmental dimensions of human migration: The demographer's toolkit
Creators: name: Fussell, Elizabeth
name: Hunter, Lori M.
name: Gray, Clark L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In recent years, the empirical literature linking environmental factors and human migration has grown rapidly and gained increasing visibility among scholars and the policy community. Still, this body of research uses a wide range of methodological approaches for assessing environment-migration relationships. Without comparable data and measures across a range of contexts, it is impossible to make generalizations that would facilitate the development of future migration scenarios. Demographic researchers have a large methodological toolkit for measuring migration as well as modeling its drivers. This toolkit includes population censuses, household surveys, survival analysis and multi-level modeling. This paper’s purpose is to introduce climate change researchers to demographic data and methods and to review exemplary studies of the environmental dimensions of human migration. Our intention is to foster interdisciplinary understanding and scholarship, and to promote high quality research on environment and migration that will lead toward broader knowledge of this association.
Movement behaviour and health outcomes in rural children: A systematic review
Creators: name: Vieira, Douglas
name: Campelo Gomes, Elenir
name: Solano Negrão, Ângelo
name: Thuany, Mabliny
name: Gomes, Thayse
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Background: Studies with rural children are limited, and results are divergent regarding the information on movement behaviours. Purpose: to (i) describe the physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children; (ii) synthetize the year and place of publication, methodological quality, and instruments used to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour; and (iii) to analyse the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health outcomes in these children. Methods: We use the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, and SciELO, considering papers published until October 2021. A total of 12,196 studies were identified, and after the exclusion of duplicate, title and abstract screening, and the full-text assessment, a total of 68 were included in the study. Results: A cross-sectional design was dominant among the studies, with sample sizes ranging from 23 to 44,631 children of both sexes. One-third of the studies were conducted in North America and Europe, and most of them used device-based measurements. Inequalities were observed regarding sex, age, economic level, race, and physical activity domains within and between the places of residence. Sociodemographic characteristics were also related to health outcomes for children living in rural and urban areas. Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the evidence on movement behaviours among children living in the countries of South America and Oceania, as well as to increase the level of evidence on the role of school for physical activity in children in rural areas, given the inconsistent findings.
Dark Matter Complementarity and the Z$^\prime$ Portal
Creators: name: Alves, Alexandre
name: Berlin, Asher
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Z' gauge bosons arise in many particle physics models as mediators between the dark and visible sectors. We exploit dark matter complementarity and derive stringent and robust collider, direct and indirect constraints, as well as limits from the muon magnetic moment. We rule out almost the entire region of the parameter space that yields the right dark matter thermal relic abundance, using a generic parametrization of the Z'-fermion couplings normalized to the Standard Model Z-fermion couplings for dark matter masses in the 8 GeV-5 TeV range. We conclude that mediators lighter than 2.1 TeV are excluded regardless of the DM mass, and that depending on the Z'-fermion coupling strength much heavier masses are needed to reproduce the DM thermal relic abundance while avoiding existing limits.
description: 19 Pages, 9 Figures. To appear in PRD