Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit
Creators: name: Jia, Wenxuan
name: Xu, Victoria
name: Kuns, Kevin
name: Nakano, Masayuki
name: Barsotti, Lisa
name: Evans, Matthew
name: Mavalvala, Nergis
name: Abbott, Rich
name: Abouelfettouh, Ibrahim
name: Adhikari, Rana
name: Ananyeva, Alena
name: Appert, Stephen
name: Arai, Koji
name: Aritomi, Naoki
name: Aston, Stuart
name: Ball, Matthew
name: Ballmer, Stefan
name: Barker, David
name: Berger, Beverly
name: Betzwieser, Joseph
name: Bhattacharjee, Dripta
name: Billingsley, Garilynn
name: Bode, Nina
name: Bonilla, Edgard
name: Bossilkov, Vladimir
name: Branch, Adam
name: Brooks, Aidan
name: Brown, Daniel
name: Bryant, John
name: Cahillane, Craig
name: Cao, Huy-tuong
name: Capote, Elenna
name: Chen, Yanbei
name: Clara, Filiberto
name: Collins, Josh
name: Compton, Camilla
name: Cottingham, Robert
name: Coyne, Dennis
name: Crouch, Ryan
name: Csizmazia, Janos
name: Cullen, Torrey
name: Dartez, Louis
name: Demos, Nicholas
name: Dohmen, Ezekiel
name: Driggers, Jenne
name: Dwyer, Sheila
name: Effler, Anamaria
name: Ejlli, Aldo
name: Etzel, Todd
name: Feicht, Jon
name: Frey, Raymond
name: Frischhertz, William
name: Fritschel, Peter
name: Frolov, Valery
name: Fulda, Paul
name: Fyffe, Michael
name: Ganapathy, Dhruva
name: Gateley, Bubba
name: Giaime, Joe
name: Giardina, Dwayne
name: Glanzer, Jane
name: Goetz, Evan
name: Jones, Aaron
name: Gras, Slawomir
name: Gray, Corey
name: Griffith, Don
name: Grote, Hartmut
name: Guidry, Tyler
name: Hall, Evan
name: Hanks, Jonathan
name: Hanson, Joe
name: Heintze, Matthew
name: Helmling-cornell, Adrian
name: Huang, Hsiang-yu
name: Inoue, Yuki
name: James, Alasdair
name: Jennings, Austin
name: Karat, Srinath
name: Kasprzack, Marie
name: Kawabe, Keita
name: Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee
name: Kissel, Jeffrey
name: Kontos, Antonios
name: Kumar, Rahul
name: Landry, Michael
name: Lantz, Brian
name: Laxen, Michael
name: Lee, Kyung-ha
name: Lesovsky, Madeline
name: Llamas, Francisco
name: Lormand, Marc
name: Loughlin, Hudsonalexander
name: Macas, Ronaldas
name: Macinnis, Myron
name: Makarem, Camille
name: Mannix, Benjaminrobert
name: Mansell, Georgia
name: Martin, Rodica
name: Maxwell, Nyath
name: Mccarrol, Garrett
name: Mccarthy, Richard
name: Mcclelland, David
name: Mccormick, Scott
name: Mcculler, Lee
name: Mcrae, Terry
name: Mera, Fernando
name: Merilh, Edmond
name: Meylahn, Fabian
name: Mittleman, Richard
name: Moraru, Dan
name: Moreno, Gerardo
name: Mould, Matthew
name: Mullavey, Adam
name: Nelson, Timothy
name: Neunzert, Ansel
name: Oberling, Jason
name: Ohanlon, Timothy
name: Osthelder, Charles
name: Ottaway, David
name: Overmier, Harry
name: Parker, William
name: Pele, Arnaud
name: Pham, Huyen
name: Pirello, Marc
name: Quetschke, Volker
name: Ramirez, Karla
name: Reyes, Jonathan
name: Richardson, Jonathan
name: Robinson, Mitchell
name: Rollins, Jameson
name: Romie, Janeen
name: Ross, Michael
name: Sadecki, Travis
name: Sanchez, Anthony
name: Sanchez, Eduardo
name: Sanchez, Luis
name: Savage, Richard
name: Schaetzl, Dean
name: Schiworski, Mitchell
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Schofield, Robert
name: Schwartz, Eyal
name: Sellers, Danny
name: Shaffer, Thomas
name: Short, Ryan
name: Sigg, Daniel
name: Slagmolen, Bram
name: Soni, Siddharth
name: Sun, Ling
name: Tanner, David
name: Thomas, Michael
name: Thomas, Patrick
name: Thorne, Keith
name: Torrie, Calum
name: Traylor, Gary
name: Vajente, Gabriele
name: Vanosky, Jordan
name: Vecchio, Alberto
name: Veitch, Peter
name: Vibhute, Ajay
name: Vonreis, Erik
name: Warner, Jim
name: Weaver, Betsy
name: Weiss, Rainer
name: Whittle, Chris
name: Willke, Benno
name: Wipf, Christopher
name: Yamamoto, Hiro
name: Yu, Haocun
name: Zhang, Liyuan
name: Zucker, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements of space and time, like those made by the detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), are often confronted with fundamental limitations imposed by quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot both be precisely measured, giving rise to an apparent limitation called the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). Reducing quantum noise below the SQL in gravitational-wave detectors, where photons are used to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors, has been an active area of research for decades. Here we show how the LIGO A+ upgrade reduced the detectors' quantum noise below the SQL by up to 3 dB while achieving a broadband sensitivity improvement, more than two decades after this possibility was first presented.