cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Framework for describing perturbations to the cosmic microwave background from a gravitational wave burst with memory
Creators: name: Madison, Dustin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave bursts with memory (BWMs) can generate measurable, long-lived frequency shifts and permanent angular deflections in distant sources of light. These perturbations vary across the sky with a characteristic spatial pattern and evolve slowly over long periods of time. In this work, we develop formalism that can be used to describe how a BWM influences the spatial pattern of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We limit our attention to planar gravitational wave fronts -- this assumption dramatically simplifies the necessary calculations. Using toy models of the CMB's primary temperature variation pattern, we demonstrate that a BWM can mix power from a spherical harmonic mode of a certain degree into modes of various other degrees with vastly different $l$ values. In other words, BWM-induced perturbations to the CMB at any angular scale depend in detail on the unperturbed character of the CMB on all angular scales. The tools developed herein will greatly facilitate future analyses of BWM-induced temperature perturbations that incorporate all of the important physics underlying the CMB.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 4 appendices. Updated to match version published in Phys. Rev. D
Economic perspectives on the history of law: Property rights in business history
Creators: name: Schulz, Ulrike
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: Which political, socio-economic, and cultural circumstances bring actors to recognize property rights, and what are the consequences with regard to the economic performance of a business company? To answer this question, this article analyzes the allocation of property rights in firms with a view to systematizing the categories of analysis. Business firms are continuously subject to internal and external structural challenges.  As a consequence, they have to be able to transform their organizational structures very flexibly and very dynamically. Property rights are one of the central aspects of this process.

This essay begins with a short summary of the basic characteristics of property rights theory, which offers an approach to studying social practices, processes of codification, and institutional changes in different property regimes. With these problems in mind, I suggest combining the theoretical and methodological implications of this economic model using the concept of “recognition” as a link between the social and the structural dimension of property. In the final part of the essay, I propose a systematic model for economic and business historians interested in analyzing governance structures within firms. I show how property rights theory can be modified to be applicable to the work of historians and social scientist without sacrificing its analytical value.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
The Relationship Between the Price of Wool and the Relative Profitability of Sheep and Cattle Grazing in Australia and its Possible Effect on the Future Supplies of Wool and Beef
Creators: name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: An estimate of the long term elasticity of supply for Australian wool has been made by establishing the price of wool at which 457 farms in the BAE Sheep Industry Survey (1964-5 to 1965-6) would find beef production more profitable than producing sheep and wool. The calculation suggests that the long term elasticity of supply would be of the order of 1'7 to 2'5 depending on the year on which the calculation is based. The elasticities established in this way were used to estimate the long term supply of Australian wool assuming that the wool industry was exposed to prices similar to those prevailing in 1969-71 over a long period of time. If future wool prices are of the order of 35 to 40 cents per Ib, Australian wool production might decline by between 35 to 80 per cent and cattle numbers might increase by between 30 and 70 per cent at constant beef prices.
An Embedding Learning Framework for Numerical Features in CTR Prediction
Creators: name: Guo, Huifeng
name: Chen, Bo
name: Tang, Ruiming
name: Zhang, Weinan
name: Li, Zhenguo
name: He, Xiuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is critical for industrial recommender systems, where most deep CTR models follow an Embedding \& Feature Interaction paradigm. However, the majority of methods focus on designing network architectures to better capture feature interactions while the feature embedding, especially for numerical features, has been overlooked. Existing approaches for numerical features are difficult to capture informative knowledge because of the low capacity or hard discretization based on the offline expertise feature engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel embedding learning framework for numerical features in CTR prediction (AutoDis) with high model capacity, end-to-end training and unique representation properties preserved. AutoDis consists of three core components: meta-embeddings, automatic discretization and aggregation. Specifically, we propose meta-embeddings for each numerical field to learn global knowledge from the perspective of field with a manageable number of parameters. Then the differentiable automatic discretization performs soft discretization and captures the correlations between the numerical features and meta-embeddings. Finally, distinctive and informative embeddings are learned via an aggregation function. Comprehensive experiments on two public and one industrial datasets are conducted to validate the effectiveness of AutoDis. Moreover, AutoDis has been deployed onto a mainstream advertising platform, where online A/B test demonstrates the improvement over the base model by 2.1% and 2.7% in terms of CTR and eCPM, respectively. In addition, the code of our framework is publicly available in MindSpore(https://gitee.com/mindspore/mindspore/tree/master/model_zoo/research/recommend/autodis).
description: 9 pages
Magneto-mechanical interplay in spin-polarized point contacts
Creators: name: Stamenova, Maria
name: Sahoo, Sudhakar
name: Sanchez, Cristian G.
name: Todorov, Tchavdar N.
name: Sanvito, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interplay between magnetic and structural dynamics in ferromagnetic atomic point contacts. In particular, we look at the effect of the atomic relaxation on the energy barrier for magnetic domain wall migration and, reversely, at the effect of the magnetic state on the mechanical forces and structural relaxation. We observe changes of the barrier height due to the atomic relaxation up to 200%, suggesting a very strong coupling between the structural and the magnetic degrees of freedom. The reverse interplay is weak, i.e. the magnetic state has little effect on the structural relaxation at equilibrium or under non-equilibrium, current-carrying conditions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Poplar Growing and Farm Adjustment on the North Coast of New South Wales
Creators: name: Sinden, Jack A.
name: Sinden, Jack A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The poplar species, Populus deltoides provides types which are ecologically well suited to the rich alluvial soils of the north coast. This study uses a simple simulation model and linear programming to explore the economics of introducing poplars into farm plans on this soil type. If the price of poplar timber does not fall by more than 60 per cent relative to other agricultural prices, and if plantations can be financed at discount rates less than 10 per cent, then poplar growing has considerable scope for integration with other farm activities. Poplars should be included under all the farm conditions tested, namely farm sizes between 100 and 150 acres, labour forces between one and three men per farm and a doubling of dairy profitability over the present level.
A Case Study of Spatial Diversification of Pastoral Sheep Holdings
Creators: name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Those familiar with the extensive wool growing industry of Australia generally recognize the importance of spatial diversification of pastoral sheep holdings but to this time, data have not been assembled to quantify this importance. This case study based on the sheep and wool industry of central western Queensland goes some way towards filling this gap in knowledge by detailing the extent and nature of spatial diversification of multiple holdings in a survey of 145 sheep holdings.
FAE INACH 2020.docx
Creators: name: Aguilar, Nicolás Díaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: 50211 Wildlife and Habitat Management
subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60306 Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change

description: Artículo de postulación a la Feria Antártica Escolar, de INACH para el año 2020. In the following article, me, my classmate and teacher present an investigation for applying into the FAE in Chile. Our main topic was Antartica, and we had to select a challenge or problem related to climate change, or new technologies that could be applied in the continent. Me and my group decided to focus our investigation in microorganisms, the impact climate change has on them and the threat they could represent if they come to the surface as a result of climate change. We identify different types of bacteria, fungi and viruses that are in the continent, and the key factors of the climate change that could make them get to use by different ways.
How to unloop a self-adherent sheet
Creators: name: Wilting, Twan J. S.
name: Essink, Martin H.
name: Gelderblom, Hanneke
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanics of adherent sheets is central to applications ranging from patching a band aid, coating technology, to the breakthrough discovery of peeling graphene flakes using sticky tape. These processes are often hindered by the formation of blisters and loops, which are notoriously difficult to remove. Here we describe and explain a remarkable phenomenon that arises when one attempts to remove a loop in a self-adherent sheet that is formed by, e.g., folding two adhesive sides of a tape together. One would expect the loop to simply unloop when pulling on its free ends. Surprisingly, however, the loop does not immediately open up but shrinks in size, held together by a tenuous contact region that propagates along the tape. This adhesive contact region only ruptures once the loop is reduced to a critical size. We experimentally show that the loop-shrinkage results from an interaction between the peeling front and the loop, across the contact zone. This new type of interaction falls outside the realm of the classical elastica theory and is responsible for a highly nonlinear increase in the peeling force. Our results reveal and quantify the increased force required to remove loops in self-adherent media, which is of importance for blister removal and exfoliation of graphene sheets.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; Revised text and figures
Priority, Property, and Trust. Patent law and pharmaceuticals in the German Empire
Creators: name: Hüntelmann, Axel C.
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2012

description: This article analyses the importance of legal aspects and patent law in the development, production, and marketing of pharmaceuticals at the beginning of the 20th century in the German Empire. It investigates how property, priority, and trust were linked and how this affected the patenting of pharmaceuticals. Moreover, it also looks at the interaction between different actors—scientists, the state, and the industry—and possible conflicts resulting from this interaction. After a general introduction to and review of the literature on law and legal aspects in the history of pharmaceuticals, the article sketches the state regulation of pharmaceuticals and the impact of patent law on pharmaceuticals in historical perspective. It goes on to explore the nexus of priority, prestige, and originality to explain why applications for patents became attractive to scientists. The influence of patents on legal, economic, and scientific aspects within the research process and their entanglements are demonstrated using the example of the Institute for Experimental Therapy and the Georg Speyer House in Frankfurt in the first decade of the 20th century. Friedrich Franz Friedmann’s application for his tuberculosis remedy serves to emphasize the aspects of scientific research, patent law, economic interest, and public trust. The final section summarizes the relation between patents, priority, property, and trust as well as the entanglement of law and science in the history of pharmaceuticals.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Law and Historiography: Contributions to a New Cultural History of Law
Lembke, Ingo: Christentum unter den Bedingungen Lateinamerikas
Creators: name: Müller, Reinhart
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 4
Critical review of [K- ppn] bound states
Creators: name: Magas, V. K.
name: Oset, E.
name: Ramos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a thorough study of the process of three body kaon absorption in nuclei, in connection with a recent FINUDA experiment which claims the existence of a deeply bound kaonic state from the observation of a peak in the Lambda d invariant mass distribution following K- absorption on Li6. We show that the peak is naturally explained in terms of K- absorption from three nucleons leaving the rest as spectators. We can also reproduce all the other observables measured in the same experiment and used to support the hypothesis of the deeply bound kaon state. Our study also reveals interesting aspects of kaon absorption in nuclei, a process that must be understood in order to make progress in the search for K- deeply bound states in nuclei.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. New section "Empirical qualitative discussion of the strength of the reaction" with one new figure is added. Published in PRC
Aggregation with constant kernel under stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Grange, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model of binary aggregation with constant kernel is subjected to stochastic resetting: aggregates of any size explode into monomers at independent stochastic times. These resetting times are Poisson distributed, and the rate of the process is called the resetting rate. The master equation yields a Bernoulli-type equation in the generating function of the concentration of aggregates of any size, which can be solved exactly. This resetting prescription leads to a non-equilibrium steady state for the densities of aggregates, which is a function of the size of the aggregate, rescaled by a function of the resetting rate. The steady-state density of aggregates of a given size is maximised if the resetting rate is set to the quotient of the aggregation rate by the size of the aggregate (minus one).
description: 11 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos corrected, clarifications and references added; v3: more typos corrected; v4: 19 pages, 3 figures added, discussion expanded, more typos corrected, accepted version
The oscillation effects on thermalization of the neutrinos in the universe with low reheating temperature
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Kazuhide
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the oscillations of the neutrinos affect their thermalization process during the reheating period with temperature O(1) MeV in the early universe. We follow the evolution of the neutrino density matrices and investigate how the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis vary with the reheating temperature. For the reheating temperature of several MeV, we find that including the oscillations makes different predictions, especially for $^4$He abundance. Also, the effects on the lower bound of the reheating temperature from cosmological observations are discussed.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures; references and explanatory comments added, conclusion unchanged
title: Dekolonisierung in Nahaufnahme
title: Französische Filmpolitik im frankophonen Afrika von den 1940er bis zu den frühen 1970er Jahren
Creators: name: Stein, Sarah
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dekolonisierung
subject: Film
subject: Frankreich
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: Westafrika
subject: 791
subject: 900
subject: Frankreich
subject: Westafrika
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: Entkolonialisierung
subject: Film
subject: Filmpolitik
subject: Geschichte 1940-1980

description: Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 2021
Shade-Grown Coffee: Simulation and Policy Analysis for Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Creators: name: Batz, Michael B.
name: Albers, Heidi J.
name: Avalos-Sartorio, Beatriz
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Batz, Michael B.
name: Albers, Heidi J.
name: Avalos-Sartorio, Beatriz
name: Blackman, Allen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: coffee farming
subject: decision analysis
subject: numerical modeling
subject: Monte Carlo
subject: price variability

description: Shade-grown coffee provides a livelihood to many farmers, protects biodiversity, and creates environmental services. Many shade-coffee farmers have abandoned production in recent years, however, in response to declines in international coffee prices. This paper builds a farmer decision model under price uncertainty and uses simulation analysis of that model to examine the likely impact of various policies on abandonment of shade-coffee plantations. Using information from coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the role of various constraints in abandonment decisions, reveals the importance of the timing of policies, and characterizes the current situation in the study region.
Natural Graph Wavelet Packet Dictionaries
Creators: name: Cloninger, Alexander
name: Li, Haotian
name: Saito, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65T60, 68R10, 90C35, 94A08 94A12, 94C15

description: We introduce a set of novel multiscale basis transforms for signals on graphs that utilize their "dual" domains by incorporating the "natural" distances between graph Laplacian eigenvectors, rather than simply using the eigenvalue ordering. These basis dictionaries can be seen as generalizations of the classical Shannon wavelet packet dictionary to arbitrary graphs, and do not rely on the frequency interpretation of Laplacian eigenvalues. We describe the algorithms (involving either vector rotations or orthogonalizations) to construct these basis dictionaries, use them to efficiently approximate graph signals through the best basis search, and demonstrate the strengths of these basis dictionaries for graph signals measured on sunflower graphs and street networks.
Deep probe : investigating the lithosphere of western North America with refraction seismology
Creators: name: Gorman, Andrew Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Laurentian Craton, composed of the exposed Canadian Shield ringed by sediment-covered platforms, is the Precambrian heart of North America. The craton can be divided into several provinces representing ancient Archean blocks and the suture regions which stitched them together. In western Canada, Montana and Wyoming, the general distribution of Precambrian cratonic elements has been established by previous potential field studies combined with the analysis of basement rocks extracted from a small number of exploration drill holes that penetrated the overlying sedimentary basin, and from limited outcrops in southern Montana and Wyoming. The major blocks identified in this region include the Archean Hearne (mostly beneath Alberta) and Wyoming (beneath Montana and Wyoming) Provinces. A third block, the Medicine Hat Block, often interpreted to be the southernmost part of the Hearne Province, is considered independent in this study. The objectives of this thesis are to determine the velocity structure and characteristics of the crust and sub-crustal lithospheric mantle beneath the three Archean domains and the relationships among them to further understanding of the tectonic development of cratonic western North America. These objectives are met through interpretation of data from the Deep Probe / SAREX seismic refraction experiment of 1995, the largest of its type ever undertaken on the continent. Twenty large chemical explosions were detonated along a 3000-km-long profile running from Great Slave Lake to southern New Mexico and recorded at ~ 2000 closely spaced seismograph stations between central Alberta and northern New Mexico. Interpretations, of increasing complexity, are based on: (1) the tau-p downward continuation of individual shot records, (2) a raytheoretical travel-time inversion with Earth curvature considerations, and (3) detailed modelling of specific features with a finite difference wave propagation method. Interpretations of velocities and structures are made to depths as great as 150 km. From features of the crustal structure and their correspondence with two north-dipping relict subduction zones in the upper mantle, the boundaries between the three major Archean blocks are delineated and associated with the Vulcan Structure and Great Falls Tectonic Zone, two poorly understood tectonic features in the region. A prominent 10-to-30 km thick high velocity layer at the base of the Wyoming Province and Medicine Hat Block is interpreted to represent Proterozoic crustal underplating and alteration. The composition and physical properties of the crust-mantle boundary, the relict subduction zones and a heterogeneous upper mantle layer lying between depths of 100 km and 140 km are investigated to further understand lithospheric development in this region. The seismic interpretation is combined with previous work to develop a revised scenario for the tectonic assembly of western Laurentia.
Mass Limit on Nemesis
Creators: name: Bhalerao, Varun
name: Vahia, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume that if the sun has a companion, it has a period of 27 Myr corresponding to the periodicity seen in cometary impacts on earth. Based on this assumption, it is seen that the inner Lagrengian point of the interaction between the Sun and its companion is in the Oort cloud. From this we calculate the mass -- distance relation for the companion. We then compute the expected apparent magnitude (visible and J band) for the companion using the models of Burrows (1993). We then compare this with the catalogue completeness of optical and infrared catalogues to show that the sun cannot have a companion of mass greater than 44 M_jup (0.042 M_sun)
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Accepted 10 Feb 2005 for Bull. Ast. Soc. of India
Is There a Rationale for Rebating Environmental Levies?
Creators: name: Bernard, Alain
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Vielle, Marc
name: Bernard, Alain
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Vielle, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental levy
subject: tax rebate
subject: fiscal distortions

description: Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an "unlevel playing field" with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector. It combines a theoretical approach based on second-best modeling with numerical simulations aimed at determining the most sensitive parameters. We find that if an adequate tax on production can be levied in the unregulated sector, no rebate is justified for the regulated sector. Moreover, even in the case of constrained taxation in the unregulated sector, a tax rebate or a subsidy in the regulated sector is not necessarily a welfare-increasing policy. The exception occurs when the goods of the competing sectors are close substitutes. We find that these kinds of policy constraints can be quite costly in terms of welfare.
Variable refractory lithophile element compositions of planetary building blocks: insights from components of enstatite chondrites
Creators: name: Yoshizaki, Takashi
name: Ash, Richard D.
name: Lipella, Marc D.
name: Yokoyama, Tetsuya
name: McDonough, William F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chondrites are sediments of materials left over from the earliest stage of the solar system history. Based on their undifferentiated nature and less fractionated chemical compositions, chondrites are widely considered to represent the unprocessed building blocks of the terrestrial planets and their embryos. Models of chemical composition of the terrestrial planets generally find chondritic relative abundances of refractory lithophile elements (RLE) in the bulk bodies ("constant RLE ratio rule"), based on limited variations of RLE ratios among chondritic meteorites and the solar photosphere. Here, we show that ratios of RLE, such as Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Sm/Nd and Al/Ti, are fractionated from the solar value in chondrules from enstatite chondrites (EC). The fractionated RLE ratios of individual EC chondrules document different chalcophile affinities of RLE under highly reducing environments and a separation of RLE-bearing sulfides from silicates before and/or during chondrule formation. In contrast, the bulk EC have solar-like RLE ratios, indicating that a physical sorting of silicates and sulfides was negligible before and during the accretion of EC parent bodies. Likewise, if the Earth's accretion were dominated by EC-like materials, as supported by multiple isotope systematics, the physical sorting of silicates and sulfides in the accretionary disk should not have occurred among the Earth's building blocks. Alternatively, the Earth's precursors might have been high-temperature nebular materials that condensed before the RLE fractionation due to precipitation of the RLE-bearing sulfides...Highly reduced planets that have experienced selective removal or accretion of silicates or metal/sulfide phases, such as Mercury, might have fractionated, non-solar bulk RLE ratios.
description: 73 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables
Dynamics of Spatial Exploitation: A Metapopulation Approach
Creators: name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Wilen, James E.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Wilen, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: renewable resources
subject: bioeconomics
subject: spatial modeling
subject: metapopulation

description: We present a bioeconomic model of a harvesting industry operating over a heterogeneous environment comprised of discrete biological populations interconnected by dispersal processes. The model generalizes the H. S. Gordon [1954]/V. Smith [1968] model of open-access rent dissipation by accounting for intertemporal and spatial "Ricardian" patterns of exploitation. This model yields a simple, but insightful, framework from which one can investigate factors that contribute to the evolution of resource exploitation patterns over space and time. For example, we find that exploitation patterns are driven by biological and fleet dispersal and biological and economic heterogeneity. We conclude that one cannot really understand the biological processes operating in an exploited system without knowing as much about the harvesting system as about the biological system.
Fluctuations in crystalline plasticity
Creators: name: Weiss, Jérôme
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Salman, Oguz Umut
name: Liu, Gang
name: Truskinovsky, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently acoustic signature of dislocation avalanches in HCP materials was found to be long tailed in size and energy, suggesting critical dynamics. Even more recently, the intermittent plastic response was found to be generic for micro- and nano-sized systems independently of their crystallographic symmetry. These rather remarkable discoveries are reviewed in this paper in the perspective of the recent studies performed in our group. We discuss the physical origin and the scaling properties of plastic fluctuations and address the nature of their dependence on crystalline symmetry, system size, and disorder content. A particular emphasis is placed on the associated emergent behaviors, including the formation of dislocation structures, and on our ability to temper plastic fluctuations by alloying. We also discuss the "smaller is wilder" size effect that culminates in a paradoxical crack-free brittle behavior of very small, initially dislocation free crystals. We show that the implied transition between different rheological behaviors is regulated by the ratio of length scales $R=L/l$, where $L$ is the system size and $l$ is the internal length. We link this new size effect with other related phenomena like size dependence of strength ("smaller is stronger") and the size induced switch between different hardening mechanisms. One of the technological challenges in nanoscience is to tame the intermittency of plastic flow. We show that this task can be accomplished by generating tailored quenched disorder which allows one to control micro- and nano-scale forming and opens new perspectives in micro-metallurgy and structural engineering of ultra-small load-carrying elements. These results could not be achieved by conventional methods that do not explicitly consider the stochastic nature of collective dislocation dynamics.
Energy-momentum relation for solitary waves of relativistic wave equations
Creators: name: Dudnikova, T. V.
name: Komech, A. I.
name: Spohn, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solitary waves of relativistic invariant nonlinear wave equation with symmetry group U(1) are considered. We prove that the energy-momentum relation for spherically symmetric solitary waves coincides with the Einstein energy-momentum relation for point particles.
description: 9 pages
Hints for possible low redshift oscillation around the best fit $Λ$CDM model in the expansion history of the Universe
Creators: name: Kazantzidis, L.
name: Koo, H.
name: Nesseris, S.
name: Perivolaropoulos, L.
name: Shafieloo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for possible deviations from the expectations of the concordance $Λ$CDM model in the expansion history of the Universe by analysing the Pantheon Type Ia Supernovae (SnIa) compilation along with its Monte Carlo simulations using redshift binning. We demonstrate that the redshift binned best fit $Λ$CDM matter density parameter $Ω_{0m}$ and the best fit effective absolute magnitude $\cal M$ oscillate about their full dataset best fit values with considerably large amplitudes. Using the full covariance matrix of the data taking into account systematic and statistical errors, we show that at the redshifts below $z\approx0.5$ such oscillations can only occur in 4 to 5$\%$ of the Monte Carlo simulations. While statistical fluctuations can be responsible for this apparent oscillation, we might have observed a hint for some behaviour beyond the expectations of the concordance model or a possible additional systematic in the data. If this apparent oscillation is not due to statistical or systematic effects, it could be due to either the presence of coherent inhomogeneities at low $z$ or due to oscillations of a quintessence scalar field.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Version published in MNRAS. Added references and one extra figure that better illustrates the results of the analysis
When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Williams, Roberton C.
name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Williams, Roberton C.
name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon tax
subject: carbon quota
subject: pre-existing taxes
subject: welfare effects

description: This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to assess the efficiency impacts of two policies to reduce U.S. carbon emissions - a revenue-neutral carbon tax and a non-auctioned carbon quota - taking into account the interactions between these policies and pre-existing tax distortions in factor markets. We show that tax interactions significantly raise the costs of both policies relative to what they would be in a first-best setting. In addition, we show that these interactions put the carbon quota at a significant efficiency disadvantage relative to the carbon tax: for example, the costs of reducing emissions by 10 percent are more than three times as high under the carbon quota as under the carbon tax. This disadvantage reflects the inability of the quota policy to generate revenue that can be used to reduce pre-existing distortionary taxes. Indeed, second-best considerations can limit the potential of a carbon quota to generate overall efficiency gains. Under our central values for parameters, a non-auctioned carbon quota (or set of grandfathered carbon emissions permits) cannot increase efficiency unless the marginal benefits from avoided future climate change are at least $17.8 per ton of carbon abatement. Most estimates of marginal environmental benefits are below this level. Thus, our analysis suggests that any carbon abatement by way of a non-auctioned quota will reduce efficiency. In contrast, our analysis indicates that a revenue-neutral carbon tax can be efficiency-improving so long as marginal environmental benefits are positive.
How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia
Creators: name: Afsah, Shakeb
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Ratunanda, Damayanti
name: Afsah, Shakeb
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Ratunanda, Damayanti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: public disclosure
subject: environment
subject: voluntary regulation
subject: informal regulation
subject: Indonesia

description: Although a growing body of evidence suggests that publicly disclosing information about plants' environmental performance can motivate emissions reductions, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To help fill this gap, this paper presents original data from a survey of plants participating in the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), Indonesia's widely-acclaimed public disclosure program. These data suggest that a key means by which PROPER spurs abatement is improving factory managers' information about their own plants' emissions and abatement opportunities. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view in the literature that public disclosure enhances pressures to abate placed on firms by external agents such as community groups and shareholders. But our data also suggest that PROPER's "environmental audit" effect operates in concert with external pressures. Therefore, simply supplying new information to plant managers without making that information public may not be sufficient to motivate significant abatement.
Limits on the Position Wander of Sgr A*
Creators: name: Reid, Mark J.
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Brunthaler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements with the VLBA of the variability in the centroid position of Sgr A* relative to a background quasar at 7-mm wavelength. We find an average centroid wander of 71 +/- 45 micro-arcsec for time scales between 50 and 100 min and 113 +/- 50 micro-arcsec for timescales between 100 and 200 min, with no secular trend. These are sufficient to begin constraining the viability of the hot-spot model for the radio variability of Sgr A*. It is possible to rule out hot spots with orbital radii above 15GM_SgrA*/c^2 that contribute more than 30% of the total 7-mm flux. However, closer or less luminous hot spots remain unconstrained. Since the fractional variability of Sgr A* during our observations was ~20% on time scales of hours, the hot-spot model for Sgr A*'s radio variability remains consistent with these limits. Improved monitoring of Sgr A*'s centroid position has the potential to place significant constraints upon the existence and morphology of inhomogeneities in a supermassive black hole accretion flow.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures submitted to ApJ
Implementation of Policy Instruments for Chlorinated Solvents: A Comparison of Design Standards, Bans, and Taxes to Phase Out Trichloroethylene
Creators: name: Slunge, Daniel
name: Sterner, Thomas
name: Slunge, Daniel
name: Sterner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: hazardous chemicals
subject: regulation
subject: environmental tax
subject: solvents

description: This paper studies the Swedish prohibition of the hazardous solvent Trichloroethylene (TCE). Sweden is alone in completely prohibiting its use. The ban has been at best a partial success and illustrates the dilemmas of policymaking. Use has declined but not stopped, largely because the decision to ban TCE was challenged in the courts. Recently, the EU Court of Justice decided in favor of Sweden's right to have a ban. This article analyzes abatement cost data to show that the cost of replacing TCE is low for most plants, although there appear to be a few firms for which it may be quite high. A cross-country comparison indicates that the Swedish ban was less effective than the very strict technical requirements in Germany or the tax used in Norway. A tax (or deposit refund scheme) would be a good mechanism to achieve a swift phaseout.
Postcolonial Historiography in the Essay Film: >De-Colonizing< Sound and Image
Creators: name: Seider, Tanja
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2013

description: Documentary films that are based on audio and visual recordings made in the era of colonialism face the problem of ‘de-colonizing’ the material. That is to say, how can such material be used without reproducing its stereotypical portrayal of the colonized?

This work discusses an intriguing approach to this problem that was applied in a recent essay film, The Halfmoon Files (Scheffner 2007). An essay film is a form of documentary film that contains the filmmaker’s personal commentary on the subject, and often blends fiction and experimental filmmaking with a traditional documentary style. Based on the analysis of The Halfmoon Files, the present work discusses possibilities of the essay film to apply a postcolonial approach to audio/visual material that was produced in colonialist times.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Documentary Film Styles. Historical and Sociological Perspectives
Cardenal, Ernesto: Das Evangelium der Bauern von Solentiname
Creators: name: Müller, Reinhart
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 4
Comparing the Efficiency of Alternative Policies for Reducing Traffic Congestion
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: externalities
subject: efficiency effects
subject: congestion taxes
subject: single lane tolls
subject: rail subsidies
subject: gasoline taxes

description: This paper compares the efficiency of a single lane toll, a congestion tax applied uniformly across freeway lanes, a gasoline tax, and a transit fare subsidy at reducing traffic congestion. The model incorporates a variety of conditions required to reach an efficient outcome. These include conditions for the efficient allocation of travel among competing modes, travel at peak versus off-peak periods, and drivers with high and low time costs sorted onto faster and slower freeway lanes. Each policy violates some or all of the efficiency conditions. Under wide parameter scenarios, the single lane toll, gasoline tax, and transit subsidy forgo at least two thirds of the efficiency gains under an "ideal" congestion tax that varies across lanes. In contrast, the uniform congestion tax can achieve more than 90 percent of the efficiency gains, despite failing to separate out drivers with high and low time costs onto different freeway lanes.
Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Austin, David H.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Austin, David H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: strict liability
subject: negligence
subject: hazardous waste
subject: state environmental policy
subject: endogenous policy adoption

description: Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on polluters induces firms to handle hazardous wastes properly. We run regressions relating unintended pollution releases to strict liability imposed on polluters, exploiting variation across states and over time in the liability provisions of state mini-Superfund laws. Strict liability reduces the frequency and severity of pollution releases, provided it is modeled endogenously with the latter. Its effects vary with firm size. Partially sheltered from liability, small firms may have specialized in riskier production processes, but their number has not necessarily grown in response to the states' liability policy.
Investment in Electricity Transmission and Ancillary Environmental Benefits
Creators: name: Bloyd, Cary
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Bloyd, Cary
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: electricity
subject: transmission
subject: air pollution
subject: ancillary benefits
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: carbon dioxide

description: Planning of the electricity transmission system generally focuses on the pros and cons of providing generation close to the source of the power demand versus remote generation linked via the transmission system. Recent electricity supply problems in the western United States have renewed interest in the role of transmission in assuring the reliability of electricity supply. Recently, the Western Governors' Association led the development of a planning exercise that examined the tradeoffs over the next 10 years between locating new natural gas powered generation close to the load centers versus new coal, wind, hydro, and geothermal generation in remote areas. Although the analysis concentrated on the direct system costs, the choice of new generation will have both local and global environmental impacts. This paper examines some of the "ancillary" environmental effects of electricity transmission decisions using a suite of models that combine to provide an integrated assessment.
Limiting masses and radii of neutron stars and their implications
Creators: name: Drischler, Christian
name: Han, Sophia
name: Lattimer, James M.
name: Prakash, Madappa
name: Reddy, Sanjay
name: Zhao, Tianqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine equation of state of dense matter up to twice nuclear saturation density ($n_{\rm sat}=0.16\, \text{fm}^{-3}$) obtained using chiral effective field theory ($χ$EFT), and recent observations of neutron stars to gain insights about the high-density matter encountered in their cores. A key element in our study is the recent Bayesian analysis of correlated EFT truncation errors based on order-by-order calculations up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in the $χ$EFT expansion. We refine the bounds on the maximum mass imposed by causality at high densities, and provide stringent limits on the maximum and minimum radii of $\sim1.4\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ and $\sim2.0\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ stars. Including $χ$EFT predictions from $n_{\rm sat}$ to $2\,n_{\rm sat}$ reduces the permitted ranges of the radius of a $1.4\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ star, $R_{1.4}$, by $\sim3.5\, \text{km}$. If observations indicate $R_{1.4}<11.2\, \text{km}$, our study implies that either the squared speed of sound $c^2_{s}>1/2$ for densities above $2\,n_{\rm sat}$, or that $χ$EFT breaks down below $2\,n_{\rm sat}$. We also comment on the nature of the secondary compact object in GW190814 with mass $\simeq 2.6\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$, and discuss the implications of massive neutron stars $>2.1 \,{\rm M}_{\odot}\,(2.6\,{\rm M}_{\odot})$ in future radio and gravitational-wave searches. Some form of strongly interacting matter with $c^2_{s}>0.35\, (0.55)$ must be realized in the cores of such massive neutron stars. In the absence of phase transitions below $2\,n_{\rm sat}$, the small tidal deformability inferred from GW170817 lends support for the relatively small pressure predicted by $χ$EFT for the baryon density $n_{\rm B}$ in the range $1-2\,n_{\rm sat}$. Together they imply that the rapid stiffening required to support a high maximum mass should occur only when $n_{\rm B} \gtrsim 1.5-1.8\,n_{\rm sat}$.
description: 26 pages, 17 figures; accepted for publication in PRC, appendices and references updated