cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NGC 300 X-1 is a Wolf-Rayet/Black-Hole binary
Creators: name: Crowther, P. A.
name: Barnard, R.
name: Carpano, S.
name: Clark, J. S.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Pollock, A. M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VLT/FORS2 time-series spectroscopy of the Wolf-Rayet star #41 in the Sculptor group galaxy NGC 300. We confirm a physical association with NGC 300 X-1, since radial velocity variations of the HeII 4686 line indicate an orbital period of 32.3 +/- 0.2 hr which agrees at the 2 sigma level with the X-ray period from Carpano et al. We measure a radial velocity semi-amplitude of 267 +/- 8 km/s, from which a mass function of 2.6 +/- 0.3 Msun is obtained. A revised spectroscopic mass for the WN-type companion of 26+7-5 Msun yields a black hole mass of 20 +/- 4 Msun for a preferred inclination of 60-75 deg. If the WR star provides half of the measured visual continuum flux, a reduced WR (black hole) mass of 15 +4 -2.5 Msun (14.5 +3 -2.5 Msun) would be inferred. As such, #41/NGC 300 X-1 represents only the second extragalactic Wolf-Rayet plus black-hole binary system, after IC 10 X-1. In addition, the compact object responsible for NGC 300 X-1 is the second highest stellar-mass black hole known to date, exceeded only by IC 10 X-1.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS Letters in press. Images and animations available from http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1004/ at 11am GMT on 27 Jan 10
Fractional Analytic QCD beyond Leading Order
Creators: name: Kotikov, A. V.
name: Zemlyakov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional analytic QCD is constructed beyond leading order using the standard inverse logarithmic expansion. It is shown that, contrary to the usual QCD coupling constant, for which this expansion can be used only for large values of its argument, in the case of analytic QCD, the inverse logarithmic expansion is applicable for all values of the argument of the analytic coupling constant. We present four different views, two of which are based primarily on Polylogarithms and generalized Euler $ζ$-functions, and the other two are based on dispersion integrals. The results obtained up to the 5th order of perturbation theory, have a compact form and do not contain complex special functions that were used to solve this problem earlier. As an example, we apply our results to study the polarized Bjorken sum rule, which is currently measured very accurately.
description: 39 pages, 16 figures
Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RealAmp) for the Species-Specific Identification of Plasmodium vivax
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Humans
Malaria, Vivax
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Plasmodium vivax
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Sensitivity and Specificity
Species Specificity

description: Plasmodium vivax infections remain a major source of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis is an integral component of effective malaria control programs. Conventional molecular diagnostic methods provide accurate results but are often resource-intensive, expensive, have a long turnaround time and are beyond the capacity of most malaria-endemic countries. Our laboratory has recently developed a new platform called RealAmp, which combines loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a portable tube scanner real-time isothermal instrument for the rapid detection of malaria parasites. Here we describe new primers for the detection of P. vivax using the RealAmp method. Three pairs of amplification primers required for this method were derived from a conserved DNA sequence unique to the P. vivax genome. The amplification was carried out at 64°C using SYBR Green or SYTO-9 intercalating dyes for 90 minutes with the tube scanner set to collect fluorescence signals at 1-minute intervals. Clinical samples of P. vivax and other human-infecting malaria parasite species were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the primers by comparing with an 18S ribosomal RNA-based nested PCR as the gold standard. The new set of primers consistently detected laboratory-maintained isolates of P. vivax from different parts of the world. The primers detected P. vivax in the clinical samples with 94.59% sensitivity (95% CI: 87.48-98.26%) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 90.40-100%) compared to the gold standard nested-PCR method. The new primers also proved to be more sensitive than the published species-specific primers specifically developed for the LAMP method in detecting P. vivax.
title: Esofagograma con bario: Anatomía y patología básica
Creators: name: Morcillo Carratalá, Rafael
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Motility
subject: Swallowing disorders
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Barium meal
subject: Dynamic swallowing studies
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Anatomy
subject: Contrast agents

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Los objetivos de esta exposición son: 1- Ilustrar la anatomía normal y las anomalías y enfermedades del esófago más comunes mediante esofagograma con bario. 2- Demostrar que los estudios con bario siguen siendo el Gold Estándar para el...
title: Hallazgos radiológicos con correlación anatomopatológica de lesiones inusuales de la mama.
Creators: name: Prieto Falcón, Maria Carmen
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biopsy
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Describir las características clínicas y patológicas más relevantes de algunas lesiones mamarias infrecuentes. Reconocer los aspectos de estas lesiones en imágenes radiológicas (ultrasonido,
Mamografías y resonancia...
Manipulating spatial qudit states with programmable optical devices
Creators: name: Lima, G.
name: Vargas, A.
name: Neves, L.
name: Guzmán, R.
name: Saavedra, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of how to generate high-dimensional quantum states (qudits) is justified by the advantages that they can bring for the field of quantum information. However, to have some real practical potential for quantum communication, these states must be also of simple manipulation. Spatial qudits states, which are generated by engineering the transverse momentum of the parametric down-converted photons, have been until now considered of hard manipulation. Nevertheless, we show in this work a simple technique for modifying these states. This technique is based on the use of programmable diffractive optical devices, that can act as spatial light modulators, to define the Hilbert space of these photons instead of pre-fabricated multi-slits.
Fitness components and natural selection: Why are there different patterns on the emergence of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax?
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Fitness components
Natural Selection
Primaquine
Artemisinin based combination therapy
Malaria elimination
Gametocytogenesis

description: Background: Considering the distinct biological characteristics of Plasmodium species is crucial for control and elimination efforts, in particular when facing the spread of drug resistance. Whereas the evolutionary fitness of all malarial species could be approximated by the probability of being taken by a mosquito and then infecting a new host, the actual steps in the malaria life cycle leading to a successful transmission event show differences among Plasmodium species. These "steps" are called fitness components. Differences in terms of fitness components may affect how selection imposed by interventions, e.g. drug treatments, differentially acts on each Plasmodium species. Thus, a successful malaria control or elimination programme should understand how differences in fitness components among different malaria species could affect adaptive evolution (e.g. the emergence of drug resistance). In this investigation, the interactions between some fitness components and natural selection are explored. Methods. A population-genetic model is formulated that qualitatively explains how different fitness components (in particular gametocytogenesis and longevity of gametocytes) affect selection acting on merozoites during the erythrocytic cycle. By comparing Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, the interplay of parasitaemia and gametocytaemia dynamics in determining fitness is modelled under circumstances that allow contrasting solely the differences between these two parasites in terms of their fitness components. Results: By simulating fitness components, it is shown that selection acting on merozoites (e.g., on drug resistant mutations or malaria antigens) is more efficient in P. falciparum than in P. vivax. These results could explain, at least in part, why resistance against drugs, such as chloroquine (CQ) is highly prevalent in P. falciparum worldwide, while CQ is still a successful treatment for P. vivax despite its massive use. Furthermore, these analyses are used to explore the importance of understanding the dynamic of gametocytaemia to ascertain the spreading of drug resistance. Conclusions: The strength of natural selection on mutations that express their advantage at the merozoite stage is different in P. vivax and P. falciparum. Species-specific differences in gametocytogenesis and longevity of gametocytes need to be accounted for when designing effective malaria control and elimination programmes. There is a need for reliable data on gametocytogenesis from field studies. © 2013 Schneider and Escalante; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Symmetry-prohibited thermalization after a quantum quench
Creators: name: Reimann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observable long-time behavior of an isolated many-body system after a quantum quench is considered, i.e., an eigenstate (or an equilibrium ensemble) of some pre-quench Hamiltonian $H$ serves as initial condition which then evolves in time according to some post-quench Hamiltonian $H_p$. Absence of thermalization is analytically demonstrated for a large class of quite common pre- and post-quench spin Hamiltonians. The main requirement is that the pre-quench Hamiltonian must exhibit a $Z_2$ (spin-flip) symmetry, which would be spontaneously broken in the thermodynamic limit, though we actually focus on finite (but large) systems. On the other hand, the post-quench Hamiltonian must violate the $Z_2$ symmetry, but for the rest may be non-integrable and may obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for (sums of) few-body observables.
Charge order breaks time-reversal symmetry in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Khasanov, Rustem
name: Das, Debarchan
name: Gupta, Ritu
name: Mielke, Charles
name: Elender, Matthias
name: Yin, Qiangwei
name: Tu, Zhijun
name: Gong, Chunsheng
name: Lei, Hechang
name: Ritz, Ethan
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
name: Birol, Turan
name: Guguchia, Zurab
name: Luetkens, Hubertus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered vanadium-based kagome metals $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ ($A$~=~K,~Rb,~Cs) exhibit superconductivity at low-temperatures and charge density wave (CDW) order at high-temperatures. A prominent feature of the charge ordered state in this family is that it breaks time-reversal symmetry (TRSB), which is connected to the underlying topological nature of the band structure. In this work, a powerful combination of zero-field and high-field muon-spin rotation/relaxation is used to study the signatures of TRSB of the charge order in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$, as well as its anisotropic character. By tracking the temperature evolution of the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the muon-spin polarization, an enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon-spin ensemble was observed below $T_{\rm TRSB}=T_{\rm CDW}\simeq95$~K. Additional increase of the internal field width, accompanied by a change of the local field direction at the muon site from the $ab$-plane to the $c$-axis, was detected below $T^\ast\simeq30$~K. Remarkably, this two-step feature becomes well pronounced when a magnetic field of 8~T is applied along the crystallographic $c-$axis, thus indicating a field-induced enhancement of the electronic response at the CDW transition. These results point to a TRSB in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ by charge order with an onset of ${\simeq}~95$~K, followed by an enhanced electronic response below ${\simeq}~30$~K. The observed two-step transition is discussed within the framework of different charge-order instabilities, which, in accordance with density functional theory calculations, are nearly degenerate in energy.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Multiple Scattering Polarization of Substellar-mass Objects : T-dwarfs
Creators: name: Sengupta, Sujan
name: Marley, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While there have been multiple observational programs aimed at detecting linear polarization of optical radiation emitted by ultracool dwarfs, there has been comparatively less rigorous theoretical analysis of the problem. The general expectation has been that the atmospheres of those substellar-mass objects with condensate clouds would give rise to linear polarization due to scattering. Because of rotation-induced non-sphericity, there is expected to be incomplete cancellation of disk-integrated net polarization and thus a finite polarization. For cloudless objects, however, only molecular Rayleigh scattering will contribute to any net polarization and this limit has not been well studied. Hence in this paper we present a detailed multiple scattering analysis of the polarization expected from those T-dwarfs whose spectra show absence of condensates. For this, we develop and solve the full radiative transfer equations for linearly polarized radiation. Only atomic and molecular Rayleigh scattering are considered to be the source of polarization. We compute the local polarization at different angular directions in a plane-parallel atmospheres calculated for the range of effective temperatures of T dwarfs and then average over the whole surface of the object. The effects of gravity and limb darkening as well as rotation induced non-sphericity are included. It is found that the amount of polarization decreases with the increase in effective temperature. It is also found that significant polarization at any local point in the atmosphere arises only in the optical (B-band). However, the disk integrated polarization--even in the B-band--is negligible. Hence we conclude that, unlike the case for cloudy L dwarfs, polarization of cloudless T-dwarfs by atomic and molecular scattering may not be detectable.
description: 31 pages (aastex) including 11 figures (eps), accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Edificio-Impianto: ruolo dell'involucro e dell'impiantistica. Miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici attraverso progetti innovativi che anticipano l'applicazione della Direttiva CE 2010/31
Creators: name: Flacco, Giuseppe <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-IND/10 Fisica tecnica industriale

description: La tematica del presente scritto è l’analisi teorico-sperimentale del sistema edificio-impianto, che è funzione delle soluzioni progettuali adottate, dei componenti scelti e del tipo di conduzione prevista.
La Direttiva 2010/31/CE sulle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici, entrata in vigore l’8 luglio 2010, pubblicata sulla Gazzetta Europea del 18 giugno 2010, sostituirà, dal 1º febbraio 2012, la direttiva 2002/91/CE.
La direttiva prevede che vengano redatti piani nazionali destinati ad aumentare il numero di “edifici a energia quasi zero” e che entro il 31 dicembre 2020 tutti gli edifici di nuova costruzione dovranno essere “edifici a energia quasi zero”, per gli edifici pubblici questa scadenza è anticipata al 31 dicembre 2018.
In questa prospettiva sono stati progettati due “edifici a energia quasi zero”, una villa monofamiliare e un complesso scolastico (scuola dell’infanzia, elementare, media inferiore) attualmente in via di realizzazione, con l’obiettivo principale di fornire un caso studio unico per ogni tipologia in quanto anche modulare e replicabile nella realtà del nostro territorio, che anticipano gli obiettivi fissati dalla Direttiva 2010/31/CE. 
I risultati ottenibili dai suddetti progetti, esposti nella tesi, sono il frutto di un attenta e proficua progettazione integrata, connubio tra progettazione architettonica ed energetico/impiantistica.
La stessa progettazione ha esaminato le tecnologie, i materiali e le soluzioni tecniche “mirate” ai fini del comfort ambientale e di un’elevata prestazione energetica dell’edificio. 
Inoltre è stato dedicato ampio rilievo alla diagnosi energetica degli edifici esistenti attraverso 4 casi studio, i principali svolti durante i tre anni di dottorato di ricerca, esemplari del patrimonio edilizio italiano.
Per ogni caso studio è stata condotta una diagnosi energetica dell’edificio, valutati i risultati e definita la classe energetica, ed in seguito sono stati presi in considerazione i possibili interventi migliorativi sia da un punto di vista qualitativo sia economico tenendo conto degli incentivi statali per l’incremento dell’efficienza energetica.
Some factors affecting distribution and productivity in the estuarine amphipod Anisogammarus pugettensis
Creators: name: Chang, B. D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Factors affecting the distribution and productivity of the benthic estuarine amphipod Anisogammarus pugettensis (Dana) were examined. Data were obtained from field samples taken from Crescent Beach, British Columbia, between May 1973 and September 1974. Tolerances to selected physical factors, growth rates, oxygen uptake, and assimilation efficiency were measured in the laboratory. This species is present and appears to reproduce throughout the year at Crescent Beach. Distribution is affected by: avoidance of temperature extremes and desiccation, which restrict the species to the middle intertidal zone and deeper at low tide; avoidance of anoxic and low oxygen waters; salinity intolerances, which restrict the species to outer estuarine areas; and food availability. Productivity within inhabited areas is affected mainly by temperature, and food quantity and quality. Productivity will be greatest in warm months. Growth rates, growth efficiencies, and reproductive ability are high compared to values reported for other species. A. pugettensis is an omnivore, capable of eating a wide variety of foods. These data indicate that this species is an important consumer organism in the estuarine environment. The wide tolerances to physical factors, broad diet, and high productivity will make it suitable for mariculture impoundments, if it can be shown that the cultured fish will show high growth rates when feeding on these amphipods.
Trunk orientation, stability, and quadrupedalism
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: locomotion
bipedalism and quadrupedalism
muscle tone
posture control
gait pathology
humans

description: Interesting cases of human quadrupedalism described by Tan and Colleagues (2005-2012) have attracted the attention of geneticists, neurologists, and anthropologists. Since his first publications in 2005, the main attention has focused on the genetic aspects of disorders that lead to quadrupedalism within an evolutionary framework. In recent years this area has undergone a convincing critique (Downey, 2010) and ended with a call "… to move in a different direction … away from thinking solely in terms of genetic abnormality and evolutionary atavism." We consider quadrupedalism as a "natural experiment" that may contribute to our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underlying our balance system and our tendency toward normal (upright) posture. Bipedalism necessitates a number of characteristics that distinguish us from our ancestors and present-day mammals, including: size and shape of the bones of the foot, structure of the axial and proximal musculature, and the orientation of the human body and head. In this review we address the results of experimental studies on the mechanisms that stabilize the body in healthy people, as well as how these mechanisms may be disturbed in various forms of clinical pathology. These disturbances are related primarily to automatic rather than voluntary control of posture and suggest that human quadrupedalism is a behavior that can result from adaptive processes triggered by disorders in postural tone and environmental cues. These results will serve as a starting point for comparing and contrasting bi- and quadrupedalism.
Suppressors of RNAi from plant viruses are subject to episodic positive selection
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: molecular evolution
positive selection
evolutionary arms race
RNA interference
viral suppressor of RNAi
RNA silencing suppressors

description: Viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) are proteins that actively inhibit the antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) immune response, providing an immune evasion route for viruses. It has been hypothesized that VSRs are engaged in a molecular 'arms race' with RNAi pathway genes. Two lines of evidence support this. First, VSRs from plant viruses display high sequence diversity, and are frequently gained and lost over evolutionary time scales. Second, Drosophila antiviral RNAi genes show high rates of adaptive evolution. Here, we investigate whether VSRs diversify faster than other genes and, if so, whether this is a result of positive selection, as might be expected in an arms race. By analysis of '2 plant RNA viruses, we show that the relative rate of protein evolution is higher for VSRs than for other genes, but that this is not attributable to pervasive positive selection. We argue that, because evolutionary time scales are extremely different for viruses and eukaryotes, it is improbable that viral adaptation (as measured by the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous change) will be dominated by one-to-one coevolution with eukaryotes. Instead, for plant virus VSRs, we find strong evidence of episodic selection-diversifying selection that acts on a subset of lineages-which might be attributable to frequent shifts between different host genotypes or species. © 2013 The Authors.
Applications of the Tunneling Method to Particle Decay and Radiation from Naked Singularities
Creators: name: Di Criscienzo, Roberto
name: Vanzo, Luciano
name: Zerbini, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following recent literature on dS instability in presence of interactions, we study the decay of massive particles in general FRW models and the emission from naked singularities either associated with 4D charged black holes or with 2D shock waves, by means of the Hamilton--Jacobi tunneling method. It is shown that the two-dimensional semi-classical tunneling amplitude from a naked singularity computed in that way is the same as the one-loop result of quantum field theory.
description: LaTex document, 14 pages, two figures
pRb controls estrogen receptor alpha protein stability and activity
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: pRb
Estrogen receptor alpha
proteasome
chaperone proteins
breast cancer

description: A cross talk between the Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) and the Retinoblastoma (pRb) pathway has been demonstrated to influence the therapeutic response of breast cancer patients but the full mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that the N-terminal domain of pRb interacts with the CD domain of ESR1 to allow for the assembly of intermediate complex chaperone proteins HSP90 and p23. We demonstrated that a loss of pRb in human/mouse breast cells decreases the expression of the ESR1 protein through the proteasome pathway. Our work reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of ESR1 basal turnover and activity and an unanticipated relationship with the pRb tumor suppressor.
Neurophysiological and behavioral responses to music therapy in vegetative and minimally conscious states
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: EEG
music therapy
disorders of consciousness
assessment
diagnosis
brain injury
vegetative state
minimally conscious state

description: Assessment of awareness for those with disorders of consciousness is a challenging undertaking, due to the complex presentation of the population. Debate surrounds whether behavioral assessments provide greatest accuracy in diagnosis compared to neuro-imaging methods, and despite developments in both, misdiagnosis rates remain high. Music therapy may be effective in the assessment and rehabilitation with this population due to effects of musical stimuli on arousal, attention, and emotion, irrespective of verbal or motor deficits. However, an evidence base is lacking as to which procedures are most effective. To address this, a neurophysiological and behavioral study was undertaken comparing electroencephalogram (EEG), heart rate variability, respiration, and behavioral responses of 20 healthy subjects with 21 individuals in vegetative or minimally conscious states (VS or MCS). Subjects were presented with live preferred music and improvised music entrained to respiration (procedures typically used in music therapy), recordings of disliked music, white noise, and silence. ANOVA tests indicated a range of significant responses (p < 0.05) across healthy subjects corresponding to arousal and attention in response to preferred music including concurrent increases in respiration rate with globally enhanced EEG power spectra responses (p = 0.05-0.0001) across frequency bandwidths. Whilst physiological responses were heterogeneous across patient cohorts, significant post hoc EEG amplitude increases for stimuli associated with preferred music were found for frontal midline theta in six VS and four MCS subjects, and frontal alpha in three VS and four MCS subjects (p = 0.05-0.0001). Furthermore, behavioral data showed a significantly increased blink rate for preferred music (p = 0.029) within the VS cohort.TwoVS cases are presented with concurrent changes (p < 0.05) across measures indicative of discriminatory responses to both music therapy procedures. A third MCS case study is presented highlighting how more sensitive selective attention may distinguish MCS from VS. The findings suggest that further investigation is warranted to explore the use of music therapy for prognostic indicators, and its potential to support neuroplasticity in rehabilitation programs. © 2013 O'Kelly, James, Palaniappan, Taborin, Fachnerand Magee.
Infants’ Somatotopic Neural Responses to Seeing Human Actions: I’ve Got You under My Skin
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Adult
Brain Mapping
Brain Waves
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory
Female
Humans
Imitative Behavior
Infant
Infant Behavior
Learning
Male
Psychomotor Performance
Reaction Time

description: Human infants rapidly learn new skills and customs via imitation, but the neural linkages between action perception and production are not well understood. Neuroscience studies in adults suggest that a key component of imitation-identifying the corresponding body part used in the acts of self and other-has an organized neural signature. In adults, perceiving someone using a specific body part (e.g., hand vs. foot) is associated with activation of the corresponding area of the sensory and/or motor strip in the observer's brain-a phenomenon called neural somatotopy. Here we examine whether preverbal infants also exhibit somatotopic neural responses during the observation of others' actions. 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to watch an adult reach towards and touch an object using either her hand or her foot. The scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded and event-related changes in the sensorimotor mu rhythm were analyzed. Mu rhythm desynchronization was greater over hand areas of sensorimotor cortex during observation of hand actions and was greater over the foot area for observation of foot actions. This provides the first evidence that infants' observation of someone else using a particular body part activates the corresponding areas of sensorimotor cortex. We hypothesize that this somatotopic organization in the developing brain supports imitation and cultural learning. The findings connect developmental cognitive neuroscience, adult neuroscience, action representation, and behavioral imitation.
Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in InAs nanowire-based SNS junctions
Creators: name: Jespersen, T. S.
name: Polianski, M. L.
name: Soerensen, C. B.
name: Flensberg, K.
name: Nygaard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic experimental study of mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in superconductor/normal/superconductor (SNS) devices Nb/InAs-nanowire/Nb. These fluctuations far exceed their value in the normal state and strongly depend on temperature even in the low-temperature regime. This dependence is attributed to high sensitivity of perfectly conducting channels to dephasing and the SNS fluctuations thus provide a sensitive probe of dephasing in a regime where normal transport fails to detect it. Further, the conductance fluctuations are strongly non-linear in bias voltage and reveal sub-gap structure. The experimental findings are qualitatively explained in terms of multiple Andreev reflections in chaotic quantum dots with imperfect contacts.
description: Manuscript and supplement
Cooperative and reconfigurable telecommunication systems based on FPGA
Creators: name: Chiurco, Giovanni <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-INF/03 Telecomunicazioni

description: This work has been realized by the author in his PhD course in Electronics, Computer Science and Telecommunication at the University of Bologna, Faculty of Engineering, Italy.
The subject of this thesis regards important channel estimation aspects in wideband wireless communication systems, such as echo cancellation in digital video broadcasting systems and pilot aided channel estimation through an innovative pilot design in Multi-Cell Multi-User
MIMO-OFDM network.
All the documentation here reported is a summary of years of work, under the supervision of Prof. Oreste Andrisano, coordinator of Wireless Communication Laboratory - WiLab, in Bologna.
All the instrumentation that has been used for the characterization of the telecommunication systems belongs to CNR (National Research Council), CNIT (Italian Inter-University Center), and DEIS (Dept. of Electronics,
Computer Science, and Systems).
From November 2009 to May 2010, the author spent his time abroad, working in collaboration with DOCOMO - Communications Laboratories Europe GmbH (DOCOMO Euro-Labs) in Munich, Germany, in the Wireless
Technologies Research Group.
Some important scientific papers, submitted and/or published on IEEE journals and conferences have been produced by the author.
Struttura di popolazione in gamberi aristeidi (Decapoda, Aristeidae) nel Mediterraneo occidentale mediante l'utilizzo di loci microsatelliti
Population structure of aristeid shrimps (Decapoda, Aristeidae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea inferred by microsatellite loci
Creators: name: Sacco, Flavio <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: BIO/05 Zoologia

description: Il lavoro svolto durante il dottorato di ricerca ha permesso lo sviluppo e la verifica della attendibilità di marcatori molecolari neutrali (loci microsatelliti) specifici per Aristeus antennatus. Tali marcatori sono stati poi utilizzati per studiare la struttura genetica di popolazione della specie del Mediterraneo occidentale e i risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli di un progetto di ricerca parallelo su Aristeaomorpha foliacea, analizzando differenze ed analogie fra le due specie.
I risultati delle analisi su Aristeus antennatus hanno evidenziato una completa assenza di struttura di popolazione e come i due sessi contribuiscano in modo diverso al flusso genico. La specie infatti presenta un sex-ratio a favore dei maschi oltre gli 800m, mentre tale rappoorto è a favore delle femmine in strati più superficiali, dove sono probabilmente soggette a condizioni oceanografiche più dispersive. Tramite test genetici appropriati è stato possibile valutare indirettamente il grado di dospersione dei sessi dimostrando che nell'area analizzati i maschi erano rappresentati maggiormente da individui stanziali, mentre gli individui di sesso femminile erano migranti. Le femmine appaiono pertanto giocare un ruolo preminente rispetto ai maschi nel determinare l'entità del flusso genico. Il confronto dei risultati ottenuti in Aristeus antennatus con quelli di Aristaeomorpha foliacea ha evidenziato la relazione fra alta capacità dispersiva, sia allo stato larvale che adulto, e completo rimescolamento genetico nei gamberi aristeidi nel Mediterraneo occidentale anche se in quest'ultima specie non ci sono evidenze di dispersione genetica mediata dal sesso. E' pertanto di forte interesse (dato anche il valore economico di questi organismi) come una struttura di popolazione qualitativamente e quantitavamente comporabile venga raggiunta con dinamiche di popolazione molto diverse.
Functional genetics in the post-genomics era: building a better roadmap in Drosophila.
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: UP-TORR
FlyPrimerBank
model organism database
RNAi
online resource
genetic map
genomic roadmap

description: In this commentary, Rob Kulathinal describes two papers from the Perrimon laboratory, each describing a new online resource that can assist geneticists with the design of their RNAi experiments. Hu et al.'s "UP-TORR: online tool for accurate and up-to-date annotation of RNAi reagents" and "FlyPrimerBank: An online database for Drosophila melanogaster gene expression analysis and knockdown evaluation of RNAi reagents" are published, respectively, in this month's issue of GENETICS and G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics.
Examining the relationship between choice, therapeutic alliance and outcomes in mental health services
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Health services & systems
Public Health
Health Services
Clinical Research
Behavioral and Social Science
Mental Health
Basic Behavioral and Social Science

description: Background: Self-determination within mental health services is increasingly recognized as an ethical imperative, but we still know little about the impact of choice on outcomes among people with severe mental illnesses. This study examines whether choice predicts outcomes and whether this relationship is mediated by therapeutic alliance. Method: The study sample of 396 participants completed a survey measuring choice, therapeutic alliance, recovery, quality of life and functioning. Multivariate analyses examined choice as a predictor of outcomes, and Sobel tests assessed alliance as a mediator. Results: Choice variables predicted recovery, quality of life and perceived outcomes. Sobel tests indicated that the relationship between choice and outcome variables was mediated by therapeutic alliance. Implications: The study demonstrates that providing more choice and opportunities for collaboration within services does improve consumer outcomes. The results also show that collaboration is dependent on the quality of the relationship between the provider and consumer. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Fermi surface of Ba{1-x}KxFe2As2 as probed by angle-resolved photoemission
Creators: name: Zabolotnyy, V. B.
name: Evtushinsky, D. V.
name: Kordyuk, A. A.
name: Inosov, D. S.
name: Koitzsch, A.
name: Boris, A. V.
name: Sun, G. L.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Knupfer, M.
name: Buechner, B.
name: Varykhalov, A.
name: Follath, R.
name: Borisenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we apply high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) using a wide excitation energy range to probe the electronic structure and the Fermi surface topology of the Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (Tc = 32 K) superconductor. We find significant deviations in the low energy band structure from that predicted in calculations. A set of Fermi surface sheets with unexpected topology is detected at the Brillouin zone boundary. At the X-symmetry point the Fermi surface is formed by a shallow electron-like pocket surrounded by four hole-like pockets elongated in G-X and G-Y directions.
Evaluation of Horses’ Daytime Activity Budget in a Model of Ethological Stable: A Case Study in Italy
Creators: name: Marliani, Giovanna
name: Sprocatti, Ilaria
name: Schiavoni, Giulia
name: Bellodi, Andrea
name: Accorsi, Pier Attilio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The increasing interest in animal welfare and the knowledge of equine physiological and ethological needs have led to the development of different types of horses’ management and housing systems. The research presented here aimed to assess the daytime activity budget of horses. Focal animal sampling was used as an observational sampling method, and the five animals were observed for a total of 9920 minutes in the paddock and inside the stall. The results showed that horses spent most of the daytime in foraging behaviors, followed by resting behaviors, and locomotion. Social behaviors (s.e. allogrooming, olfactory investigation) were rare, and the stereotypic behaviors (s.e. oral and locomotor stereotypies) occupied 2.74%±2.74% of the total time. The percentage of time spent in foraging, resting, and locomotion, reflects the activity budget observed in free-roaming feral horses. However, the rare occurrence of positive social interactions and the presence of some stereotypies could be aspects to ameliorate. This kind of housing facility could be considered a good alternative to traditional management; indeed, it might offer a better trade-off between the needs of the horse and the management goals from humans.
Diet across the Lifespan and the Association with Breast Density in Adulthood
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Population & Society
Public Health
Breast Cancer
Cancer
Aging
Clinical Research
Nutrition
Prevention
2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors

description: Studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the association between dietary factors across the lifespan and breast density and breast cancer in women. Breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, and the mechanism through which it influences cancer risk remains unclear. Breast density has been shown to be modifiable, potentially through dietary modifications. The goal of this paper is to summarize the current studies on diet and diet-related factors across all ages, determine which dietary factors show the strongest association with breast density, the most critical age of exposure, and identify future directions. We identified 28 studies, many of which are cross-sectional, and found that the strongest associations are among vitamin D, calcium, dietary fat, and alcohol in premenopausal women. Longitudinal studies with repeated dietary measures as well as the examination of overall diet over time are needed to confirm these findings.
Klassifikation von R-sphärischen Räumen von Rang eins
Classification of R-Spherical Spaces of Rank One
Creators: name: Pechtl, Franziska
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lineare algebraische R-Gruppen
reelle Formen
reelle symmetrische Räume
R-sphärische Varietäten
R-sphärische Räume
R-sphärische Wurzeln
Linear algebraic R-groups
real forms
real symmetric spaces
R-spherical varieties
R-spherical spaces
R-spherial roots

description: Es sei eine zusammenhängende reduktive R-Gruppe G gegeben. Ein R-sphärischer Raum ist eine homogene G-Varietät X, isomorph zu G/H, auf der eine minimale parabolische R-Untergruppe P von G einen offenen Orbit hat. Der Rang von X ist definiert als der Rang des sogenannten Gewichtegitters, das diejenigen Charaktere eines maximalen split Torus A von P enthält, die das Gewicht einer AN-semiinvarianten rationalen Funktion auf X sind (wobei N das unipotente Radikal von P ist). In dieser Arbeit werden die R-sphärischen Räume von Rang eins klassifiziert und ihre Gewichtegitter bestimmt. Die Erzeuger dieser Gitter von Rang eins heißen R-sphärische Wurzeln. Hierfür wird unterschieden, ob H reduktiv ist oder nicht. Ist H nicht reduktiv, werden Methoden der Klassifikation von komplexen sphärischen Räumen von Rang eins für die reelle Situation angepasst. Ist H reduktiv, wird ausgenutzt, dass das reelle Gewichtegitter die Einschränkung des komplexen Gewichtegitters der Komplexifizierung von X auf einen maximalen split Torus von G ist.
description: Given a connected reductive R-group G, an R-spherical space is a homogeneous G-variety X which is isomorphic to G/H, on which a minimal parabolic R-subgroup P of G has an open orbit. Its rank is defined as the rank of its so-called weight lattice, which consists of those characters of a maximal split torus A in P that are the weight of an AN-semiinvariant rational function on X (where N is the unipotent radical of P). In this thesis, we classify the R-spherical spaces of rank one and determine their weight lattices. The generators of these lattices of rank one are called R-spherical roots. In order to do that, we distinguish between the two cases "H is not reductive" and "H is reductive". In the first case, we adapt methods used in the classification of complex spherical spaces of rank one to the real setting. In the second case, we mostly use the fact that the real weight lattice is the restriction of the complex weight lattice of the complexification of X to a maximal split toru
Gli esiti scolastici nelle scuole di secondo grado di Bologna: un'applicazione della teoria dei modelli a curva latente
Creators: name: Borgia, Maria Serena <1972>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-S/05 Statistica sociale

description: Nella presente analisi si è avuta l’eccezionale disponibilità di dati longitudinali su molti individui (6000studenti frequentanti le scuole superiori bolognesi).
Per ottenere un modello che al meglio spiegasse e riproducesse l’andamento degli esiti scolastici (promozione alla classe successiva) tenendo conto del percorso scolastico nel tempo, si è scelto il modello a curva latente condizionato. La variabile risposta è combinazione lineare dell’esito di fine anno (Promosso/Non promosso); riassume, per ogni studente/anno scolastico, classe frequentata ed esito finale. Le variabili esplicative sono state selezionate tra le informazioni disponibili per gli individui.
Vengono presentati alcuni dati aggregati, poi descritti i dati individuali che entreranno nel modello, evidenziando la composizione degli studenti.
La prima fase è la stima del modello logistico, con specificazione delle criticità, che hanno indotto alla scelta successiva del modello dipendente dal tempo.
Dopo la descrizione della metodologia principale utilizzata, la teoria del conditionalLCM, e la selezione degli indicatori di fitting, viene delineata la procedura di stima, e raggiunto il modello ottimale.
Le variabili significative per spiegare l’andamento delle promozioni individuali nel tempo risultano: cittadinanza (italiani con risultati significativamente migliori degli stranieri), sesso (ragazze con percorso scolastico mediamente migliore dei ragazzi: la differenza risulta però significativa soltanto negli istituti tecnici e professionali), tipologia di scuola frequentata (studenti del liceo con risultati significativamente migliori di chi frequenta altri tipi di istituto).
I risultati risultano fortemente dipendenti dai dati impiegati, specie riguardo al limite territoriale. Precedenti analisi evidenziavano una forte differenziazione dei risultati scolastici tra studenti del nord e del sud Italia, oltre che tra studenti dei comuni maggiormente popolati e studenti dei comuni di provincia. Sarebbe interessante disporre di dati individuali analoghi a quelli qui utilizzati, ma riferiti all’intero territorio nazionale, oppure ad un zona maggiormente vasta dell’Italia, onde saggiare l’entità dell’influenza sul percorso scolastico,ed in particolare sulla regolarità, della differenza territoriale.
Controls on bacterial and archaeal community structure and greenhouse gas production in natural, mined, and restored Canadian peatlands
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: archaea
bacteria
carbon dioxide
decomposition
methane
methanogen

description: Northern peatlands are important global C reservoirs, largely because of their slow rates of microbial C mineralization. Particularly in sites that are heavily influenced by anthropogenic disturbances, there is scant information about microbial ecology and whether or not microbial community structure influences greenhouse gas production. This work characterized communities of bacteria and archaea using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and functional genes across eight natural, mined, or restored peatlands in two locations in eastern Canada. Correlations were explored among chemical properties of peat, bacterial and archaeal community structure, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Bacteria and archaea similar to those found in other peat soil environments were detected. In contrast to other reports, methanogen diversity was low in our study, with only 2 groups of known or suspected methanogens. Although mining and restoration affected substrate availability and microbial activity, these land-uses did not consistently affect bacterial or archaeal community composition. In fact, larger differences were observed between the two locations and between oxic and anoxic peat samples than between natural, mined, and restored sites, with anoxic samples characterized by less detectable bacterial diversity and stronger dominance by members of the phylum Acidobacteria. There were also no apparent strong linkages between prokaryote community structure and CH4 or CO2 production, suggesting that different organisms exhibit functional redundancy and/or that the same taxa function at very different rates when exposed to different peat substrates. In contrast to other earlier work focusing on fungal communities across similar mined and restored peatlands, bacterial and archaeal communities appeared to be more resistant or resilient to peat substrate changes brought about by these land uses. © 2013 Basiliko, Henry, Gupta, Moore, Driscoll and Dunfield.