cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mutators on Adaptability in Time-Varying Fitness Landscapes
Creators: name: Gorodetsky, Pavel
name: Tannenbaum, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This Letter studies the quasispecies dynamics of a population capable of genetic repair evolving on a time-dependent fitness landscape. We develop a model that considers an asexual population of single-stranded, conservatively replicating genomes, whose only source of genetic variation is due to copying errors during replication. We consider a time-dependent, single-fitness-peak landscape where the master sequence changes by a single point mutation every time $ τ$. We are able to analytically solve for the evolutionary dynamics of the population in the point-mutation limit. In particular, our model provides an analytical expression for the fraction of mutators in the dynamic fitness landscape that agrees well with results from stochastic simulations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Weak completions of paratopological groups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Tkachenko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A15, 54D35, 54H11

description: Given a $T_0$ paratopological group $G$ and a class $\mathcal C$ of continuous homomorphisms of paratopological groups, we define the $\mathcal C$-$semicompletion$ $\mathcal C[G)$ and $\mathcal C$-$completion$ $\mathcal C[G]$ of the group $G$ that contain $G$ as a dense subgroup, satisfy the $T_0$-separation axiom and have certain universality properties. For special classes $\mathcal C$, we present some necessary and sufficient conditions on $G$ in order that the (semi)completions $\mathcal C[G)$ and $\mathcal C[G]$ be Hausdorff. Also, we give an example of a Hausdorff paratopological abelian group $G$ whose $\mathcal C$-semicompletion $\mathcal C[G)$ fails to be a $T_1$-space, where $\mathcal C$ is the class of continuous homomorphisms of sequentially compact topological groups to paratopological groups. In particular, the group $G$ contains an $ω$-bounded sequentially compact subgroup $H$ such that $H$ is a topological group but its closure in $G$ fails to be a subgroup.
description: 10 pages
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 1, pages i-ii
RATAN-600 new zenith field survey and CMB problems
Creators: name: Parijskij, Yu. N.
name: Bursov, N. N.
name: Berlin, A. B.
name: Balanovskij, A. A.
name: Khaikin, V. B.
name: Majorova, E. K.
name: Mingaliev, M. G.
name: Nizhelskij, N. A.
name: Pylypenko, O. M.
name: Tsibulev, P. A.
name: Verkhodanov, O. V.
name: Zhekanis, G. V.
name: Zverev, Yu. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new RATAN-600 data on the synchrotron Galaxy radiation at the PLANCK Mission and WMAP frequencies at high Galactic latitudes upto l=3000. The difference between the standard synchrotron template (l<50) of the WMAP group and RATAN-600 data was detected with the strong synchrotron ``longitude quadrant asymmetry''. It may change the WMAP estimates of z_{reheating} from low l polarization data. The polarized synchrotron noise for very deep observations (<< 1 microK) at the PLANCK HFI was not detected at l>200 scales. ``Sakharov Oscillations'' in the E-mode (500
description: 6 pages, 11 figures
3D Simulations of Oxygen Shell Burning with and without Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Varma, Vishnu
name: Müller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of convective oxygen and neon shell burning in a non-rotating $18\, M_\odot$ star shortly before core collapse to study the generation of magnetic fields in supernova progenitors. We also run a purely hydrodynamic control simulation to gauge the impact of the magnetic fields on the convective flow and on convective boundary mixing. After about 17 convective turnover times, the magnetic field is approaching saturation levels in the oxygen shell with an average field strength of $\mathord{\sim}10^{10}\, \mathrm{G}$, and does not reach kinetic equipartition. The field remains dominated by small to medium scales, and the dipole field strength at the base of the oxygen shell is only $10^{9}\, \mathrm{G}$. The angle-averaged diagonal components of the Maxwell stress tensor mirror those of the Reynolds stress tensor, but are about one order of magnitude smaller. The shear flow at the oxygen-neon shell interface creates relatively strong fields parallel to the convective boundary, which noticeably inhibit the turbulent entrainment of neon into the oxygen shell. The reduced ingestion of neon lowers the nuclear energy generation rate in the oxygen shell and thereby slightly slows down the convective flow. Aside from this indirect effect, we find that magnetic fields do not appreciably alter the flow inside the oxygen shell. We discuss the implications of our results for the subsequent core-collapse supernova and stress the need for longer simulations, resolution studies, and an investigation of non-ideal effects for a better understanding of magnetic fields in supernova progenitors.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, revised version accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 2, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 2, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 2, pages i-ii
Modelling Kinematics and Dark Matter: The Halos of Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review is focussed on the outer halos of elliptical galaxies. Its emphasis is on (i) planetary nebulae as test particles to trace the stellar kinematics at large radii, (ii) the observed angular momentum in elliptical galaxy halos and its theoretical relevance, (iii) dynamical modelling of stellar-kinematic data, and (iv) a discussion of the evidence for dark matter halos in ellipticals from a wide range of measurements.
description: Invited Review, 13 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Planetary Nebulae beyond the Milky Way, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, eds. Stanghellini, L., Walsh, J. R., Douglas, N. G
Counting Restricted Partitions of Integers into Fractions: Symmetry and Modes of the Generating Function and a Connection to $ω(t)$
Creators: name: Hoelscher, Zachary
name: Palsson, Eyvindur Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17

description: Motivated by the study of integer partitions, we consider partitions of integers into fractions of a particular form, namely with constant denominators and distinct odd or even numerators. When numerators are odd, the numbers of partitions for integers smaller than the denominator form symmetric patterns. If the number of terms is restricted to $h$, then the nonzero terms of the generating function are unimodal, with the integer $h$ having the most partitions. Such properties can be applied to a particular class of nonlinear Diophantine equations. We also examine partitions with even numerators. We prove that there are $2^{ω(t)}-2$ partitions of an integer $t$ into fractions with the first $x$ consecutive even integers for numerators and equal denominators of $y$, where $0
description: 31 pages, 9 figures (8 are tables and one is a plot, which is the included PNG image.) The article is not yet published but will appear in the PUMP journal of mathematics
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 3, pages i-ii
Fermi-edge singularity in a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the Fermi edge singularity in a spin incoherent Luttinger liquid. Both cases of finite and infinite core hole mass are explored, as well as the effect of a static external magnetic field of arbitrary strength. For a finite mass core hole the absorption edge behaves as $(ω-ω_{\rm th})^α/ \sqrt{|\ln(ω-ω_{\rm th})|}$ for frequencies $ω$ just above the threshold frequency $ω_{\rm th}$. The exponent $α$ depends on the interaction parameter $g$ of the interacting one dimensional system, the electron-hole coupling, and is independent of the magnetic field strength, the momentum, and the mass of the excited core hole (in contrast to the spin coherent case). In the infinite mass limit, the spin incoherent problem can be mapped onto an equivalent problem in a spinless Luttinger liquid for which the logarithmic factor is absent, and backscattering from the core hole leads to a universal contribution to the exponent $α$.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 4, pages i-ii
Lepbase – an Ensembl (and more) for the Lepidoptera
Creators: name: Sujai Kumar
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: LepBase.org is a multi-genome database for the Lepidoptera. Our goal is to provide a unified interface to the genomes generated by individual labs, and to provide rich comparative analyses across species that typically require extensive human curation and computational resources. Release 1.0 includes a genome browser (Ensembl), blast-server (SequenceServer.com), a community annotation tool (WebApollo), and orthology predictions. We have also written several tools that make it very easy for anyone to set up their own Ensembl instance for multiple model and non-model species.
Lexical elicitation: Miscellaneous
Creators: name: Sales, Henry
name: Garvin, Karee
name: Melguy, Yevgeniy
name: Michael, Lev
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Wilbanks, Eric
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mam

description: Words to clarify questions about pronunciation from one-on-one elicitation. Lead: Eric Wilbanks. Scribe: Tessa Scott. Clean copy: Yevgeniy Melguy.
Tsallis holographic dark energy for inflation
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Abolhassan
name: Golanbari, Tayeb
name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Lobo, Iarley P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of holographic principle in very early time is studied. The consideration of the principle in the late-time evolution will be a good motivation to study its role at the time of inflation. Since the length scale is expected to be small during inflation, the resulted energy density form the holographic principle is expected to be large enough to drive inflation. The entropy of the system is the main part of the holographic principle, in which modifying entropy will leads to a modified energy density. Here, instead of the original entropy, we are going to apply a modified entropy, known as Tsallis entropy which includes quantum corrections. The length scale is assumed to be GO length scale. Finding an analytical solution for the model, the slow-roll parameters, scalar spectral index, and tensor-to-scalar ratio are calculated. Comparing the result, with Planck $r-n_s$ diagram, we could find a parametric space for the constants of the model. Then, a correspondence between the holographic dark energy and the scalar field is constructed, and the outcome potentials are investigated.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
From shape to smell: predicting olfactory perceptual descriptors using molecular structural information
Creators: name: Gerkin, Richard C.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Here I describe the DREAM Olfaction Prediction Challenge and my approach to developing the best-performing model for subchallenge 2. I also focus on techniques for predicting variance (across subjects), and speculate on how much more we can improve our predictions with better models vs more data.
title: Analysis of Traffic Accident Data in Kentucky
title: (1985-1989)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report includes an analysis of traffic accident data in Kentucky for the years of 1985 through 1989. A primary objective of this study was to determine average accident statistics for Kentucky highways. Average and critical number and rates of accidents were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These data can be used in Kentucky's procedure to identify locations that have abnormal rates or numbers of accidents.  Another objective of this study was to provide data which can be used in the preparation of the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan. County and city accident statistics were analyzed. A summary of results and recommendations in several problem identification areas is presented. These general areas include alcohol, occupant protection, speed, pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicle defects. Other areas included in the analysis included drugs, motorcycle accidents, school bus accidents, and truck accidents.
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 5, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 5, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 5, pages i-ii
Analysis of Multiserver Retrial Queueing System: A Martingale Approach and an Algorithm of Solution
Creators: name: Abramov, Vyacheslav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 60H30

description: The paper studies a multiserver retrial queueing system with $m$ servers. Arrival process is a point process with strictly stationary and ergodic increments. A customer arriving to the system occupies one of the free servers. If upon arrival all servers are busy, then the customer goes to the secondary queue, orbit, and after some random time retries more and more to occupy a server. A service time of each customer is exponentially distributed random variable with parameter $μ_1$. A time between retrials is exponentially distributed with parameter $μ_2$ for each customer. Using a martingale approach the paper provides an analysis of this system. The paper establishes the stability condition and studies a behavior of the limiting queue-length distributions as $μ_2$ increases to infinity. As $μ_2\to\infty$, the paper also proves the convergence of appropriate queue-length distributions to those of the associated `usual' multiserver queueing system without retrials. An algorithm for numerical solution of the equations, associated with the limiting queue-length distribution of retrial systems, is provided.
description: To appear in "Annals of Operations Research" 141 (2006) 19-52. Replacement corrects a small number of misprints
Free BMN Correlators With More Stringy Modes
Creators: name: Du, Bao-ning
name: Huang, Min-xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the type IIB maximally supersymmetric pp-wave background, stringy excited modes are described by BMN (Berenstein-Madalcena-Nastase) operators in the dual $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory. In this paper, we continue the studies of higher genus free BMN correlators with more stringy modes, mostly focusing on the case of genus one and four stringy modes in different transverse directions. Surprisingly, we find that the non negativity of torus two-point functions, which is a consequence of a previously proposed probability interpretation and has been verified in the cases with two and three stringy modes, is no longer true for the case of four or more stringy modes. Nevertheless, the factorization formula, which is also a proposed holographic dictionary relating the torus two-point function to a string diagram calculation, is still valid. We also check the correspondence of planar three-point functions with Green-Schwarz string vertex with many string modes. We discuss some issues in the case of multiple stringy modes in the same transverse direction. Our calculations provide some new perspectives on pp-wave holography.
description: 39 pages, 3 figures. v2: journal version, references added
Zipf's Law and the Universality Class of the Fragmentation Phase Transition
Creators: name: Bauer, Wolfgang
name: Pratt, Scott
name: Alleman, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Zipf's Law for the largest clusters is not valid in an exact sense at the critical point of the fragmentation phase transition, contrary to previous claims. Instead, the extracted distributions of the largest clusters reflects the choice of universality class through the value of the critical exponent tau.
description: Conf. Proceeding for VI Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications, Iguazu, Argentina, October 2005
Enabling Synergy: Improving the Information Infrastructure for Planetary Science
Creators: name: Kurtz, Michael J.
name: Accomazzi, Alberto
name: Henneken, Edwin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this whitepaper we advocate that the Planetary Science (PS) community build a discipline-specific digital library, in collaboration with the existing astronomy digital library, ADS. We suggest that the PS data archives increase their level of curation to allow for direct linking between the archival data and the derived journal articles. And we suggest that a new component of the PS information infrastructure be created to collate and curate information on features and objects in our solar system, beginning with the USGS/IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature.
description: 8 pages, submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032
Regulation of intracellular free calcium and electrophysiological properties of cultured human microglia
Creators: name: Zhang, Lili
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study was performed to investigate the changes in the concentration of free calcium ([Ca²+]i) in cultured human microglia in response to ATP and cholinergic agonists by using calcium microfluorescence imaging measurements with the fluorescent dye fura-2. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was also used to study the effects of ATP on the properties of membrane currents of human microglia. Microglia are the representatives of macrophages in the brain, and serve specific functions in the defense of the central nerves system (CNS) against microorganisms. An important function of microglia in the CNS is a rapid response to neuronal damage, thus, they can be mobilized rapidly to deal with different pathological conditions. The application of ATP (100 μM) to microglia led to a transient [Ca²+]i increase with two components, an initial increase and a delayed plateau. The initial increase was also observed in Ca²+-free media suggesting it is due to the release of Ca²+ from internal stores. The elevated [Ca²+]i plateau is due to Ca²+ influx. The application of either 100 μM carbachol (CCh), or 100 μM acetylcholine (ACh) to microglia elicited a transient [Ca²+]i increase which was also composed of two phases, an initial spike and a sustained plateau. This initial spike also appeared in the Ca²+-free recording buffer. The CCh-induced [Ca²+]i increase was atropine-sensitive, and was largely mediated by release of Ca²+ from internal stores, followed by Ca²+ influx. Both the ATP- and CCh-produced [Ca²+]i increases in microglia desensitized to repeated agonist exposures. ATP (100 μM) produced a transient activation of an inward non-selective cation current at a holding potential of -60 mV. The ATP responses in whole-cell recording also included an enhanced transient expression of an outward K+ current activated with applied depolarizing steps and an increase in inward K+ conductance. When ATP or CCh exposures were performed in the absence of external Ca²+, adding back external Ca²+ always produced a large [Ca²+]i increase. Similar observations were made when the store depleting membrane ATP-ase inhibitor thapsigargin (Tg) was applied to the cell in Ca²+-free conditions or by incubating the cell in Ca²+-free buffer for a few minutes. This external Ca²+ addition induced a [Ca²+]i increase suggesting that capacitative Ca²+ entry mechanisms exist in human microglia. Our results demonstrate [Ca²+]i responds to extracellular ATP and cholinergic agonists. We also find expression of depolarizing inward cation currents and outward K+ currents to ATP which are not present in control condition. These data suggest that ATP and cholinergic agonists could act as signals to stimulate the transition of microglia from a resting state to an activated state under some circumstances in the CNS, and could be involved in the pathology of CNS disease. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 6, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 6, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 6, pages i-ii
Full Phase Diagram of a UV Completed $\mathcal{N}=1$ Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons Matter Theory
Creators: name: Sharon, Adar
name: Sheaffer, Tal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the large $N$ phase diagram of an asymptotically free UV completion of $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(N)$ super-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory coupled to a single massive fundamental scalar multiplet with a quartic superpotential coupling. We compute the effective superpotential at small gauge coupling $λ\equiv N/k$, and combine this with previous results in the literature to obtain the full phase diagram in this regime. We find that tuning the UV parameters allows us to reach various phases and fixed points of Chern-Simons theory that were recently discovered using large $N$ techniques, as well as new phases that characterize the Yang-Mills theory. We also conjecture the form of the phase diagram for general values of $λ$ and for finite $N$.
description: 48 pages + appendices, 11 figures
Atomistic Mechanism Underlying the Si(111)-(7\times7) Surface Reconstruction Revealed by Artificial Neural-network Potential
Creators: name: Hu, Lin
name: Huang, Bing
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 7\times7 reconstruction of the Si(111) surface represents arguably the most fascinating surface reconstruction so far observed in nature. Yet, the atomistic mechanism underpinning its formation remains unclear after it was discovered sixty years ago. Experimentally, it is observed post priori so that analysis of its formation mechanism can only be carried out in analogy with archaeology. Theoretically, density-functional-theory (DFT) correctly predicts the Si(111)-(7\times7) ground state but is impractical to simulate its formation process; while empirical potentials failed to produce it as the ground state. Developing an artificial neural-network potential of DFT quality, we carried out accurate large-scale simulations to unravel the formation of the Si(111)-(7\times7) surface. We reveal a possible step-mediated atom-pop rate-limiting process that triggers massive non-conserved atomic rearrangements, most remarkably, a critical process of collective vacancy diffusion that mediates a sequence of selective dimer, corner-hole, stacking fault and dimer-line pattern formation, to fulfill the 7\times7 reconstruction. Our findings may not only solve the long-standing mystery of this famous surface reconstruction but also illustrate the power of machine learning in studying complex structures.
Relativistic and correlation effects in atoms
Creators: name: Das, B. P.
name: Latha, K. V. P.
name: Sahoo, Bijaya K.
name: Sur, Chiranjib
name: Chaudhuri, Rajat K
name: Mukherjee, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review article deals with some case studies of relativistic and correlation effects in atomic systems. After a brief introduction to relativistic many-electron theory, a number of applications ranging from correlation energy to parity non-conservation in atoms are considered. There is a special emphasis on relativistic coupled-cluster theory as most of the results presented here are based on it.
description: Review article, 4 eps figures, latex 2e
Röhm, Eberhard; Thierfelder, Jörg: Juden - Christen - Deutsche
Creators: name: Schroer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (1993): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 42, Heft 3
EXO 0748-676 Rules out Soft Equations of State for Neutron Star Matter
Creators: name: Ozel, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interiors of neutron stars contain matter at very high densities, in a state that differs greatly from those found in the early universe or achieved at terrestrial experiments. Matter in these conditions can only be probed through astrophysical observations that measure the mass and radius of neutron stars with sufficient precision. Here I report for the first time a unique determination of the mass and radius of the neutron star EXO 0748-676, which appears to rule out all the soft equations of state of neutron star matter. If this object is typical, then condensates and unconfined quarks do not exist in the centers of neutron stars.
description: To appear in Nature, press embargo until publication
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of the superconducting proximity effect in a diluted ferromagnetic alloy
Creators: name: Cretinon, L.
name: Gupta, A. K.
name: Sellier, H.
name: Lefloch, F.
name: Faure, M.
name: Buzdin, A.
name: Courtois, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the proximity effect between a superconductor (Nb) and a diluted ferromagnetic alloy (CuNi) in a bilayer geometry. We measured the local density of states on top of the ferromagnetic layer, which thickness varies on each sample, with a very low temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope. The measured spectra display a very high homogeneity. The analysis of the experimental data shows the need to take into account an additional scattering mechanism. By including in the Usadel equations the effect of the spin relaxation in the ferromagnetic alloy, we obtain a good description of the experimental data.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Quench dynamics and relaxation of a spin coupled to interacting leads
Creators: name: Bragança, Helena
name: Cavalcante, Moallison F.
name: Pereira, R. G.
name: Aguiar, Maria C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantum quench in which a magnetic impurity is suddenly coupled to Hubbard chains, whose low-energy physics is described by Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group (tDMRG) technique, we analyze the propagation of charge, spin and entanglement in the chains after the quench and relate the light-cone velocities to the dispersion of holons and spinons. We find that the local magnetization at the impurity site decays faster if we increase the interaction in the chains, even though the spin velocity decreases. We derive an analytical expression for the relaxation of the impurity magnetization which is in good agreement with the tDMRG results at intermediate timescales, providing valuable insight into the time evolution of the Kondo screening cloud in interacting systems.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 7, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 7, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 7, pages i-ii
Contrastive Representation Learning: A Framework and Review
Creators: name: Le-Khac, Phuc H.
name: Healy, Graham
name: Smeaton, Alan F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contrastive Learning has recently received interest due to its success in self-supervised representation learning in the computer vision domain. However, the origins of Contrastive Learning date as far back as the 1990s and its development has spanned across many fields and domains including Metric Learning and natural language processing. In this paper we provide a comprehensive literature review and we propose a general Contrastive Representation Learning framework that simplifies and unifies many different contrastive learning methods. We also provide a taxonomy for each of the components of contrastive learning in order to summarise it and distinguish it from other forms of machine learning. We then discuss the inductive biases which are present in any contrastive learning system and we analyse our framework under different views from various sub-fields of Machine Learning. Examples of how contrastive learning has been applied in computer vision, natural language processing, audio processing, and others, as well as in Reinforcement Learning are also presented. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some of the most promising future research directions ahead.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, update with the accepted version in IEEE Access
Assmann, Hugo; Hinkelammert, Franz J.: Götze Markt
Creators: name: Motikat, Lutz
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (1993): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 42, Heft 3
Dissipative decoherence in the Grover algorithm
Creators: name: Zhirov, O. V.
name: Shepelyansky, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the methods of quantum trajectories we study effects of dissipative decoherence on the accuracy of the Grover quantum search algorithm. The dependence on the number of qubits and dissipation rate are determined and tested numerically with up to 16 qubits. As a result, our numerical and analytical studies give the universal law for decay of fidelity and probability of searched state which are induced by dissipative decoherence effects. This law is in agreement with the results obtained previously for quantum chaos algorithms.
description: 4 pages, 5 figs, EPJ style, research at http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr
An inversion in the wiring of an intercellular signal: evolution of Wnt signaling in the nematode vulva
Creators: name: Félix, Marie-Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Signal transduction pathways are largely conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The repertoire of pathways is limited and each pathway is used in different intercellular signaling events during the development of a given animal. For example, Wnt signaling is recruited, sometimes redundantly with other molecular pathways, in four cell specification events during Caenorhabditis elegans vulva development, including the activation of vulval differentiation. Strikingly, a recent study finds that Wnts act to repress vulval differentiation in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, demonstrating evolutionary flexibility in the use of intercellular signaling pathways.
Myocardial leukocyte transit time and retention during acute endotoxemia
Creators: name: Goddard, Christopher Morris
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During sepsis, endotoxins are released into the circulation which cause the activation of both cellular and humoral mediators of inflammation. Following activation of the cytohumoral cascade of sepsis the transit time of leukocytes through the microvasculature of the heart is increased. Increased transit time contributes to the retention of increased numbers of activated leukocytes in the heart. Leukocytes are retained primarily within the capillaries of the heart. The neutrophil fraction of leukocytes is slowed and retained to a much greater extent than the lymphocyte fractions. The retention of activated neutrophils is mediated more by the effects of humoral inflammatory mediators on the heart than on the neutrophils themselves. The retention of increased numbers of activated neutrophils within the capillaries of the heart is associated with the development of myocardial edema and myocyte structural changes. These myocardial changes are associated with decreased myocardial contractile function. Reduced myocardial contractility contributes to the pathogenesis of the septic shock state which increases the mortality due to sepsis. Exclusion of activated neutrophils from the capillary circulation of the heart during sepsis protects the myocardium from pathologic changes associated with sepsis and decreases the loss of myocardial contractile function.
Evaluation of Flexible Delineator Posts
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to install a small number of lightweight metal u-channel posts with a round delineator and a small number of commonly used flexible posts and evaluate their performance. Three types of flexible posts were installed. They included two posts manufactured by Carsonite and one manufactured by Safe-Hit.  The results of the limited field tests does not support widespread use of flexible posts. Substantial durability problems were encountered with the flexible posts. Future use of flexible posts should be limited to potential high-hit areas such as gores at urban interchanges. While the durability of the metal posts was superior to the flexible posts, a maintenance problem exists relating to of maintaining the posts and delineators.
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 8, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 8, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 8, pages i-ii
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 9, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 9, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 9, pages i-ii
Multiple Uncertainties in Time-Variant Cosmological Particle Data
Creators: name: Haroz, Steve
name: Ma, Kwan-Liu
name: Heitmann, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though the mediums for visualization are limited, the potential dimensions of a dataset are not. In many areas of scientific study, understanding the correlations between those dimensions and their uncertainties is pivotal to mining useful information from a dataset. Obtaining this insight can necessitate visualizing the many relationships among temporal, spatial, and other dimensionalities of data and its uncertainties. We utilize multiple views for interactive dataset exploration and selection of important features, and we apply those techniques to the unique challenges of cosmological particle datasets. We show how interactivity and incorporation of multiple visualization techniques help overcome the problem of limited visualization dimensions and allow many types of uncertainty to be seen in correlation with other variables.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, published in Pacific Vis 2008, project website at http://steveharoz.com/research/cosmology/
Statistical Mechanical Development of a Sparse Bayesian Classifier
Creators: name: Uda, Shinsuke
name: Kabashima, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demand for extracting rules from high dimensional real world data is increasing in various fields. However, the possible redundancy of such data sometimes makes it difficult to obtain a good generalization ability for novel samples. To resolve this problem, we provide a scheme that reduces the effective dimensions of data by pruning redundant components for bicategorical classification based on the Bayesian framework. First, the potential of the proposed method is confirmed in ideal situations using the replica method. Unfortunately, performing the scheme exactly is computationally difficult. So, we next develop a tractable approximation algorithm, which turns out to offer nearly optimal performance in ideal cases when the system size is large. Finally, the efficacy of the developed classifier is experimentally examined for a real world problem of colon cancer classification, which shows that the developed method can be practically useful.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 10, 2021
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 11, Issue 10, 2021
description: DagRep, Volume 11, Issue 10, pages i-ii
Efficiency limits for linear optical processing of single photons and single-rail qubits
Creators: name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the problem of increasing the efficiency of single-photon sources or single-rail photonic qubits via linear optical processing and destructive conditional measurements. In contrast to previous work we allow for the use of coherent states and do not limit to photon-counting measurements. We conjecture that it is not possible to increase the efficiency, prove this conjecture for several important special cases, and provide extensive numerical results for the general case.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Variational Monte Carlo for Interacting Electrons in Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Harju, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a variational Monte Carlo algorithm to solve the electronic structure of two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots in external magnetic field. We present accurate many-body wave functions for the system in various magnetic field regimes. We show the importance of symmetry, and demonstrate how it can be used to simplify the variational wave functions. We present in detail the algorithm for efficient wave function optimization. We also present a Monte Carlo -based diagonalization technique to solve the quantum dot problem in the strong magnetic field limit where the system is of a multiconfiguration nature.
description: 34 pages, proceedings of the 1st International Meeting on Advances in Computational Many-Body Physics, to appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (vol. 140, nos. 3/4)
A Secure Traitor Tracing Scheme against Key Exposure
Creators: name: Ogawa, Kazuto
name: Hanaoka, Goichiro
name: Imai, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Copyright protection is a major issue in distributing digital content. On the other hand, improvements to usability are sought by content users. In this paper, we propose a secure {\it traitor tracing scheme against key exposure (TTaKE)} which contains the properties of both a traitor tracing scheme and a forward secure public key cryptosystem. Its structure fits current digital broadcasting systems and it may be useful in preventing traitors from making illegal decoders and in minimizing the damage from accidental key exposure. It can improve usability through these properties.
description: 5 pages, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory 2005 (ISIT 2005)
Interdependente Armutsbekämpfung: Das Beispiel Brasilien
Creators: name: Grohs, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (1993): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 42, Heft 3
Topological defects and the superfluid transition of the $s=1$ spinor condensate in two dimensions
Creators: name: Mukerjee, Subroto
name: Xu, Cenke
name: Moore, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $s=1$ spinor Bose condensate at zero temperature supports ferromagnetic and polar phases that combine magnetic and superfluid ordering. We analyze the topological defects of the polar condensate, correcting previous studies, and show that the polar condensate in two dimensions is unstable at any finite temperature; instead there is a nematic or paired superfluid phase with algebraic order in $\exp(2 i θ)$, where $θ$ is the superfluid phase, and no magnetic order. The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition out of this phase is driven by unbinding of half-vortices (the spin-disordered version of the combined spin and phase defects found by Zhou), and the anomalous universal $8 T_c / π$ stiffness jump at the transition is confirmed in numerical simulations. The anomalous stiffness jump is a clear experimental signature of this phase and the corresponding phase transition.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; published version
Variational Discrete Action Theory
Creators: name: Cheng, Zhengqian
name: Marianetti, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose the Variational Discrete Action Theory (VDAT) to study the ground state properties of quantum many-body Hamiltonians. VDAT is a variational theory based on the sequential product density matrix (SPD) ansatz, characterized by an integer $\mathcal{N}$, which monotonically approaches the exact solution with increasing $\mathcal{N}$. To evaluate the SPD, we introduce a discrete action and a corresponding integer time Green's function. We use VDAT to exactly evaluate the SPD in two canonical models of interacting electrons: the Anderson impurity model (AIM) and the $d=\infty$ Hubbard model. For the latter, we evaluate $\mathcal{N}=2-4$, where $\mathcal{N}=2$ recovers the Gutzwiller approximation (GA), and we show that $\mathcal{N}=3$, which exactly evaluates the Gutzwiller-Baeriswyl wave function, provides a truly minimal yet precise description of Mott physics with a cost similar to the GA. VDAT is a flexible theory for studying quantum Hamiltonians, competing both with state-of-the-art methods and simple, efficient approaches all within a single framework.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures