cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zircon inclusion suite analysis of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite, NC: implications for exhumation history of eclogite
Creators: name: Dilts, Stefanie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Previous research suggests the Ashe Metamorphic Suite (AMS) in northwestern North Carolina contains individual eclogite blocks which were entrained within an amphibolite-facies accretionary wedge. However, garnet inclusions within zircon from AMS amphibolite and amphibolite-facies biotite-hornblende gneiss preserve a record of near-peak eclogite-facies metamorphism. The Raman spectra from these garnet inclusions match a Raman spectrum from garnet inclusion within zircons in AMS eclogite. This indicates garnet inclusions from zircon in AMS amphibolite, biotite-hornblende gneiss, and eclogite have a similar composition forming under comparable P/T conditions. Inclusions in zircon from AMS eclogite include pyrope-rich garnet and omphacite, suggesting that zircon formed at near syn-peak eclogite-facies metamorphism. Therefore, growth of zircon in AMS amphibolite and biotite-hornblende gneiss occurred at near-eclogite facies conditions. These findings provide evidence that AMS eclogite, amphibolite, and biotite-hornblende gneiss once constituted a regional eclogite-facies terrane. This regional eclogite-facies terrane was likely exhumed by either extensional unroofing or slab extrusion.
Big data Metaverse Virtual World Review
Creators: name: Zhang, Haolan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Human-computer interaction
Accessible computing
Collaborative and social computing
Human-centred computing not elsewhere classified
Mixed initiative and human-in-the-loop

description: This article reviews the big data and virtual world applications, and their correlations. The big data technologies and future trends. The current virtual world platforms and future trends.
Linking low- to high-mass YSOs with Herschel-HIFI observations of water
Creators: name: Jose-Garcia, I. San
name: Mottram, J. C.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Kristensen, L. E.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: Braine, J.
name: Herpin, F.
name: Johnstone, D.
name: van Kempen, T. A.
name: Wyrowski, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water probes the dynamics in young stellar objects (YSOs) effectively, especially shocks in molecular outflows. It is a key molecule for exploring whether the physical properties of low-mass protostars can be extrapolated to massive YSOs. As part of the WISH key programme, we investigate the dynamics and the excitation conditions of shocks along the outflow cavity wall as function of source luminosity. Velocity-resolved Herschel-HIFI spectra of the H2O 988, 752, 1097 GHz and 12CO J=10-9, 16-15 lines were analysed for 52 YSOs with bolometric luminosities (L_bol) ranging from <1 to >10^5 L_sun. The profiles of the H2O lines are similar, indicating that they probe the same gas. We see two main Gaussian emission components in all YSOs: a broad component associated with non-dissociative shocks in the outflow cavity wall (cavity shocks) and a narrow component associated with quiescent envelope material. More than 60% of the total integrated intensity of the H2O lines (L_H2O) comes from the cavity shock component. The H2O line widths are similar for all YSOs, whereas those of 12CO 10-9 increase slightly with L_bol. The excitation analysis of the cavity shock component, performed with the non-LTE radiative transfer code RADEX, shows stronger 752 GHz emission for high-mass YSOs, likely due to pumping by an infrared radiation field. As previously found for CO, a strong correlation with slope unity is measured between log(L_H2O) and log(L_bol), which can be extrapolated to extragalactic sources. We conclude that the broad component of H2O and high-J CO lines originate in shocks in the outflow cavity walls for all YSOs, whereas lower-J CO transitions mostly trace entrained outflow gas. The higher UV field and turbulent motions in high-mass objects compared to their low-mass counterparts may explain the slightly different kinematical properties of 12CO 10-9 and H2O lines from low- to high-mass YSOs.
description: Abridged abstract, 31 pages, 18 figures, 12 tables, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Transformation of place identity; a case of heritage and conflict in Iraq
Creators: name: Almukhtar, Avar
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Throughout history, war and conflict have caused fundamental political, economic, and social transformations around the world, spatially impacting urban form. Nowhere is this more evident than in cities with distinctive identity and a rich historical landscape. Erbil, the capital of the Kurdish region and the forth-largest urban area in Iraq is such a city. Increased political and economic stability after the 2003 invasion of the country has led to a period of reconstruction as a part of the recovery process from decades of war. This has attracted an array of urban actors including international investors and NGOs that have influenced the transformation of Erbil’s place identity. The city’s citadel, a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site, dates back to nearly 5000 B.C. and is thought to be one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited settlements, which has gone through layers of different civilisations. It now stands as a symbol of Kurdish history and identity. The study focuses on the transformation of Erbil’s historic identity through urban form during the reconstruction process of a post-war city through a morphological analysis of the city’s historic core and contemporary urban areas. As government and policy-making system are trying to globally promote the city as the heart of the emerging Kurdish Nation, key informant interviews with local residents, policy makers, and stakeholders were used to explore the intensive urban development and recovery process. The resulting analysis of Erbil’s urban form has shown that post-war urban transformation has strong negative impact on place-identity. Therefore the study highlights the need for a resilient approach for cities to respond and recover from war and conflict. An approach that guides the development process in a way that allows for the evolution of place-identity to be rooted in history but open to future possibilities and modernisation.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Lisbon - between resilience and change: from the 1755 earthquake to the 1988 Chiado fire
Creators: name: Nunes, Jorge
name: Neto, Maria João
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: With this paper, we intend to emphasize the resilient role of the city of Lisbon destroyed by the appalling Earthquake on 1 November 1755. Reconstructed in the eighteenth century by order of the Marquis of Pombal, it was one of the earliest cities transformed under the aegis of the Enlightenment through a complete modern plan. Contemporary Lisbon identity is defined through the contrast between the rationality of Pombal´s plan - characterized by an orthogonal grid and a regular and homogeneous architecture - and the organic character that remained in the neighbourhoods resistant to the earthquake as well. With urban expansion to north, this identity consolidates in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, through the opening of new streets and avenues and the creation of new neighbourhoods. On 25 August 1988, the center of Lisbon is once again strucked by a major disaster: a devastating fire destroyed Chiado, one of the most city’s distinctive areas of the. In the aftermath of Postmodernism debates, the period during which the municipal authorities reflected upon the best approach, several personalities related to architecture and culture as well civil community discussed the future of the affected area. Such a debate was polarized by two opposing views: the rebuilding of the destroyed buildings as they originally, or alternatively, the construction of new buildings with a new design expressing their own time and refusing a historicist pastiche. The assignment of the project to Álvaro Siza Vieira put an end to the debate and gave rise to a new controversy. Siza proposed neither the full reconstruction of the pre-existing buildings nor a radical break with the past. He proposed instead a compromise solution based on the thesis that the affected area integrates a larger unit – the so called Baixa, the lower part of the city reconstructed under Pombal´s orders – which, as a "big building", should be "repaired" in order to preserve its identity. Siza addressed a very personal interpretation of Lisbon. His plan rests upon on a thorough study of the Pombaline building system that ranges from the urban layout to the composition of facades, not to mention the details of doors and windows. Although there was not a guarantee for the success of the operation and the risk of urban mischaracterization was real, after the early years marked by uncertainty, Chiado was reborn to become one of the liveliest and vital areas of Lisbon. Through multidisciplinary approach, we do not only intend to reflect on the urban history of Lisbon, but also to demonstrate that Siza´s reconstruction, which started in 1988, managed to reinterpret and to continue the 1755 plan, which has ensured the resilience of Lisbon´s identity facing an increasingly globalized world.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Tabula rasa meets resilience: urban reconstruction and the dilemmas of the modern planning in Chillán, Chile (1939)
Creators: name: Torrent, Horacio
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: On January 24, 1939 an intense earthquake -equivalent to 7.8 degrees on Richter scale- shattered the city of Chillán (Chile) killing 20,000 people and implicating the destruction of the economic basis of a large region of the country, involving some 600 km long. This devastation resulted in the complete reorganization of prevention systems, planning and reconstruction, giving rise to new government structures and policies related to both urban development and the possibilities of restoring urban dynamics. The paper will present, on the one hand, the new institutional structures developed from the experience, including the Corporación de Fomento (CORFO) -an institution created to promote the reconstruction of regional and national economy, based on Keynesian principles for intervention and state’s promotion as regards economy and industrial production- and the Corporación para la Reconstrucción y Auxilio (CRA) -an agency concerned with the physical reconstruction of infrastructure, towns and cities; integral regional and urban planning and financial and credit management, both for the public and private sphere. On the other, at the urban level -and particularly in the case concerning the reconstruction of Chillán- urban visions were varied. Among those, the protagonists were only two: tabula rasa and traditional planning. Planning alternatives and its ideas will be presented, including the failure to develop the destroyed cities plans by Le Corbusier and a significant proposal by Waldo Parragués, following the same corbusian ideas established in the ‘Ville Radieuse’ project. At the same time, the more definitive strategies contemplated a model of plan that would set the basis for the establishment of analytical and operational planning nationwide, via the Dirección General de Obras Públicas Planning Section. The debate for the reconstruction of Chillán called for various urban approaches, forms and figures of modern planning, aiming to a model that incorporated both the dimensions of a new way of organizing the city, as the aspects related to its future capacity of resisting an earthquake similar to that occurred in 1939, mainly by means of zoning in relation to soil resistance and construction technologies possible to be used in public and private buildings.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Prenatal Arsenic Exposure is Associated with Decreased Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Increased Genomic Indicators of Reactive Oxygen Species in Newborn Cord Blood Leukocytes
Creators: name: Gallo, Gabriella
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: To better understand the mechanisms of inorganic arsenic (iAs) toxicity during the prenatal period, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was examined in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) pregnancy cohort from Gómez Palacio, Mexico. Newborn cord blood and maternal whole blood leukocytes examined for mtDNA copy number were compared to iAs in maternal drinking water and total maternal urinary arsenic (U-tAs). Analysis of mtDNA and iAs exposure measures revealed a negative association between maternal U-tAs and newborn mtDNA content. Additional analysis of gene expression changes associated with mtDNA copy number identified 3 genes that are known to play a role in ROS protection, and 22 genes that have been shown to be altered by arsenic exposure. This study highlights mtDNA as a novel responder to prenatal arsenic exposure that may contribute to mechanisms of iAs toxicity in utero.
The governance of flood risk planning in Guangzhou, China: using the past to study the present
Creators: name: Meng, Meng
name: Dubrwoski, Marcin
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Based on the framework of governance adapted from the work of Patsy Healey and drawing on the case of Guangzhou, which is regarded as the most vulnerable city in China to flooding and waterlogging, this paper adds to the literature on urban climate change adaptation. It does so by shedding light on the history of the city’s struggle against the water and examining why the current spatial planning and flood risk management fails to address the growing flood risk linked with climate change. The paper distinguishes two major transformations of the approach to dealing with water in Guangzhou. Historically, the city was built under the influence of Fengshui Philosophy and co-existed with water. Then, the approach shifted towards engineering-based solutions to containing flood risk under the stress of rapid city expansion. After that, in the context of a changing climate, to minimise flood risk the local government is transferring its priorities from the planning of hard engineering solutions (back) towards soft nature-based solutions. However, the deeply rooted top-down planning culture and clear-cut functional separation between different departments of the local government critically affect the implementation of the policy and cooperation between the different agencies to address the present and increasingly urgent cross-cutting climate change adaptation agenda.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Novel Lithium Ionic Conducting Perovskite Materials for Lithium-Air Batteries
Creators: name: Almohareb, Muneerah
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Lithium perovskite
Lithium Ionic Conducting Perovskite
ABO3 perovskite
Lithium-air Batteries

description: Lithium Air (Li/O2) batteries are energy conversion devices that produce electricity from the oxidation of lithium metal at the anode and the reduction of molecular oxygen at the cathode. These batteries are considered as promising rechargeable cells for high power applications due to their high power density ranging from 1000 to 2000 Wh/kg. However, one of the most significant challenges is the need to separate the metallic lithium anode from any oxygen or water-containing environment while at the same time allowing fast and efficient lithium ion transport through the electrolyte. Therefore, lithium ion conducting materials that are water and CO2 resistant are a prerequisite. Common materials used as anode protective films and/or Li+ conducting electrolytes for lithium air batteries are perovskite-type oxides (formula: ABO3). Perovskites are good candidates for this application because of their versatility, particularly in regards to ionic conductivity. In the present work, a low cost perovskite family such as SFO (SmFeO3) is developed as a lithium ion conducting material by the introduction of Li+ into its lattice. The perovskites have been synthesized using a solid-state reaction method (SSR) and characterized using different techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synthesized perovskites are based on samarium lithium ferrite and divided into two groups depending on the formal presence of vacancies in the stoichiometric formula. The first group (SLFO) with no formal vacancies has the stoichiometric formula of SmxLi1-xFeO2+x (where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7). While the second group (SLFO*) was generated with less metal atoms than specified in the perovskite structure, thereby generating a structure with intrinsic vacancies and with the formula, Sm(x)Li([1-x] – [0.1] or [0.2]) FeO3-δ (where x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6). Finally, the effect of varying Li and Sm concentrations in both groups and vacancies created in the lattice for the second group, on the ionic conductivity is explored.
Effect of promotions on sales and classifying stores based on consumer response
Creators: name: Karmakar, Moumita
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: In this project, we determine base sale volume as a first step to identify effect of promotions on sale. Then we classify stores based on consumer response to promotions. We analyze three data sets which contain data on sale prices(in US dollars) in presence or absence of promotions. Dataset1: The first data set (containing 5 time series of two year daily sales transactions at different levels of product in absence of promotions) we perform sizer analysis on each of the raw data series to determine base sale volume. For each of five series mode represents the price (in US Dollar) around which maximum sales occur. We then take logarithm of each series and perform the sizer analysis for each. From sizer analysis of both raw and log-transformed series we can say that each of the five series is unimodal. Dataset2: For the second data set (containing 10 time series of two year daily sales transactions at different levels of product with many promotions), we do sizer analysis to assess the underlying pattern of the time series data as first step. To determine significant difference between promotion and non-promotion weeks, Distance-Weighted Discrimination (DWD) is performed on the second data set. From sizer analysis of raw data series we can say that except third and sixth series all series are unimodal and from log-transformed series except 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th all series are unimodal. DWD on second data set showed that for most of the the series differences between promotion weeks and non-promotion weeks are prominent and for rest of the series the difference are not that prominent. Dataset3: For the third data set (consisting of 300 weekly time series from 300 stores with many promotions), we perform various exploratory functional data analysis methods to identify difference between stores.From the FDA view plots and PCA projection plots for third data set, we can conclude that stores behave more or less the similar way.
Large scale properties for bounded automata groups
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoman
name: Zhang, Jiawen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study some large scale properties of the mother groups of bounded automata groups. First we give two methods to prove every mother group has infinite asymptotic dimension. Then we study the decomposition complexity of certain subgroup in the mother group. We prove the subgroup belongs to $\mathcal{D}_ω$.
description: 26 pages
Stopping dynamics of ions passing through correlated honeycomb clusters
Creators: name: Balzer, Karsten
name: Schlünzen, Niclas
name: Bonitz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combined nonequilibrium Green functions-Ehrenfest dynamics approach is developed that allows for a time-dependent study of the energy loss of a charged particle penetrating a strongly correlated system at zero and finite temperature. Numerical results are presented for finite inhomogeneous two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard models, where the many-electron dynamics in the target are treated fully quantum mechanically and the motion of the projectile is treated classically. The simulations are based on the solution of the two-time Dyson (Keldysh-Kadanoff-Baym) equations using the second-order Born, third-order and T-matrix approximations of the self-energy. As application, we consider protons and helium nuclei with a kinetic energy between 1 and 500 keV/u passing through planar fragments of the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice and, in particular, examine the influence of electron-electron correlations on the energy exchange between projectile and electron system. We investigate the time dependence of the projectile's kinetic energy (stopping power), the electron density, the double occupancy and the photoemission spectrum. Finally, we show that, for a suitable choice of the Hubbard model parameters, the results for the stopping power are in fair agreement with ab-initio simulations for particle irradiation of single-layer graphene.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Jodivi: An Application to Target Sound Sensitivity Features in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Joel, Sandé
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Austism Spectrum Disorder
Auditory Hypersensivity
Prevention
Commonalities Extraction
Sensitivity Evaluation
Fast Fourier Transform
Auditory Integration Training

description: The main objective of this research work is to provide a tool to prevent the severe hearing sensitivity to patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience. The key element in our work is to identify commonalities between sounds that bother an ASD patient, and implement a procedure using PC or smartphone as platform - based on those results, which will lead to the prevention of “bothersome” sounds for the ASD sufferer and later to desensitization. To do so, we implemented a first application that evaluates the auditory sound sensitivity of a person, and a second application that determines those factors that are related to hearing sensitivity of the patient, suggest sounds in the preventive process, and proposes use of appropriate sounds in the desensitization process. While the current implementation is a prototype, we are determined to pursue the development at professional level and implemented as very user friendly application, which we hope will become a popular tool used by medical personnel and ASD patients for the identification of an individual’s specific sound sensitivities and his/her desensitization to those sounds.
Distribution of spectral linear statistics on random matrices beyond the large deviation function -- Wigner time delay in multichannel disordered wires
Creators: name: Grabsch, Aurélien
name: Texier, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An invariant ensemble of $N\times N$ random matrices can be characterised by a joint distribution for eigenvalues $P(λ_1,\cdots,λ_N)$. The study of the distribution of linear statistics, i.e. of quantities of the form $L=(1/N)\sum_if(λ_i)$ where $f(x)$ is a given function, appears in many physical problems. In the $N\to\infty$ limit, $L$ scales as $L\sim N^η$, where the scaling exponent $η$ depends on the ensemble and the function $f$. Its distribution can be written under the form $P_N(s=N^{-η}\,L)\simeq A_{β,N}(s)\,\exp\big\{-(βN^2/2)\,Φ(s)\big\}$, where $β\in\{1,\,2,\,4\}$ is the Dyson index. The Coulomb gas technique naturally provides the large deviation function $Φ(s)$, which can be efficiently obtained thanks to a "thermodynamic identity" introduced earlier. We conjecture the pre-exponential function $A_{β,N}(s)$. We check our conjecture on several well controlled cases within the Laguerre and the Jacobi ensembles. Then we apply our main result to a situation where the large deviation function has no minimum (and $L$ has infinite moments)~: this arises in the statistical analysis of the Wigner time delay for semi-infinite multichannel disordered wires (Laguerre ensemble). The statistical analysis of the Wigner time delay then crucially depends on the pre-exponential function $A_{β,N}(s)$, which ensures the decay of the distribution for large argument.
description: LaTeX , 30 pages , 12 pdf figures ; v2: paper reorganised, conclusion extended and refs. added
Creating Nanostructured Superconductors On Demand by Local Current Annealing
Creators: name: Baek, Hongwoo
name: Ha, Jeonghoon
name: Zhang, Duming
name: Natarajan, Bharath
name: Winterstein, Jonathan P.
name: Sharma, Renu
name: Hu, Rongwei
name: Wang, Kefeng
name: Ziemak, Steven
name: Paglione, Johnpierre
name: Kuk, Young
name: Zhitenev, Nikolai B.
name: Stroscio, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity results from a Bose condensate of Cooper-paired electrons with a macroscopic quantum wavefunction. Dramatic effects can occur when the region of the condensate is shaped and confined to the nanometer scale. Recent progress in nanostructured superconductors has revealed a route to topological superconductivity, with possible applications in quantum computing. However, challenges remain in controlling the shape and size of specific superconducting materials. Here, we report a new method to create nanostructured superconductors by partial crystallization of the half-Heusler material, YPtBi. Superconducting islands, with diameters in the range of 100 nm, were reproducibly created by local current annealing of disordered YPtBi in the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We characterize the superconducting island properties by scanning tunneling spectroscopic measurements to determine the gap energy, critical temperature and field, coherence length, and vortex formations. These results show unique properties of a confined superconductor and demonstrate that this new method holds promise to create tailored superconductors for a wide variety of nanometer scale applications.
description: 12 figures
EARTHQUAKE AND RESILIENCE POLARIZATIONS ABOUT MODERN PLANNING IN CHILE
Creators: name: Perez Oyarzun, Fernando
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The paper poses the question about the planning modernization processes happened in Latin America, and about the role that disasters, and specifically earthquakes, played within them. In the case of Chile, earthquakes have been present all along its history. During the 20th century, some of them have been significant factors in the development of modernization process: Valparaíso, 1906, Talca 1928, among others. What kind of discussion about urban modernization did those disasters open, and how was modern planning perceived within them? The proposed hypothesis suggests that resilience, developed as a cultural feature, after a long exposure to earthquakes and others disasters, not only promotes the reconstruction processes, but also offers the opportunity to discuss urban models and paradigms. Following the way in which Schumpeter and others have put it (creative destruction), reconstruction processes have been occasions to promote already existing urban agendas or introduce new concepts, methods and paradigms. The Chillán earthquake, happened in Chile in January 1939, is proposed as an study case to examine those processes. The earthquake coincided with a political crises, involving social, economical and cultural dimensions. The reconstruction of Chillán and other cities in the region, opened a big discussion among local planners. This surpassed the technical domain and permeated into the media and the public opinion. The two main struggling forces were those of Karl Brunner disciples and Le Corbusier partisans. Both considered themselves as modern planning representatives, but conceiving this in very different ways. Karl Brunner (1887-1960) had visited Chile in 1929 and 1932. He delivered the first Latin American planning seminar at Universidad de Chile and did urban plans for the government and Santiago Municipality. He had set an agenda for urban modernization in the country, which had been developed by his disciples in the following years. Le Corbusier (1887-1965) on his side, had visited some Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay)in 1929, while Brunner was working in Chile. After the Chillán earthquake, a group of architects invited Le Corbusier to visit the country and have a leading role in the reconstruction process. Brunner disciples strongly opposed the idea, detonating a public controversy about the nature of modern planning. The paper suggests that this local discussion reflected tensions that went far beyond the local realm. They had to do with different conceptions about modernization processes and urban planning renovation. At the same time, this polarization, taking place within the experts’ realm, reflected a wider dispute about Latin America as a possible professional field for European or North American planners.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Understanding the key features of the spontaneous formation of bona fide prions through a novel methodology that enables their swift and consistent generation
Creators: name: Eraña, Hasier
name: Díaz-Domínguez, Carlos M.
name: Charco, Jorge M.
name: Pérez-Castro, Miguel A.
name: Piñeiro, Patricia
name: López-Moreno, Rafael
name: Sampedro-Torres-Quevedo, Cristina
name: Fernández-Veiga, Leire
name: Tasis-Galarza, Juan
name: Lorenzo, Nuria L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Prion; Spontaneous misfolding; Strain; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

description: Among transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases affecting humans, sporadic forms such as sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are the vast majority. Unlike genetic or acquired forms of the disease, these idiopathic forms occur seemingly due to a random event of spontaneous misfolding of the cellular PrP (PrPC) into the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). Currently, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and drive this event, which occurs in approximately one individual per million each year, remain completely unknown. Modelling this phenomenon in experimental settings is highly challenging due to its sporadic and rare occurrence. Previous attempts to model spontaneous prion misfolding in vitro have not been fully successful, as the spontaneous formation of prions is infrequent and stochastic, hindering the systematic study of the phenomenon. In this study, we present the first method that consistently induces spontaneous misfolding of recombinant PrP into bona fide prions within hours, providing unprecedented possibilities to investigate the mechanisms underlying sporadic prionopathies. By fine-tuning the Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification method, which was initially developed to propagate recombinant prions, we have created a methodology that consistently produces spontaneously misfolded recombinant prions in 100% of the cases. Furthermore, this method gives rise to distinct strains and reveals the critical influence of charged surfaces in this process.
description: Funding: The present work was partially funded by three diferent grants awarded by "Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad" (Spanish Government), grant numbers PID2021-122201OB-C21, PID2021-1222010B-C22 and PID2020-117465GBI00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and co-fnanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grant number AC21_2/00024. Additionally, CIC bioGUNE currently holds a Severo Ochoa Excellence accreditation, CEX2021-001136-S, also funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Spectroscopically resolved far-IR observations of the massive star-forming region G5.89--0.39
Creators: name: Leurini, S.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Wiesemeyer, H.
name: Gusdorf, A.
name: Guesten, R.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Levrier, F.
name: Huebers, H. W.
name: Jacobs, K.
name: Ricken, O.
name: Richter, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fine-structure line of [OI] at 63micron is an important diagnostic tool in different fields of astrophysics. However, our knowledge of this line relies on observations with low spectral resolution, and the real contribution of each component (PDR, jet) in complex environment of star-forming regions (SFRs) is poorly understood. We investigate the contribution of jet and PDR emission, and of absorption to the [OI]63micron line towards the ultra-compact H{\sc ii} region G5.89--0.39 and study its far-IR line luminosity in different velocity regimes through [OI], [CII], CO, OH, and H2O. We mapped G5.89--0.39 in [OI] and in CO(16--15) with the GREAT receiver onboard SOFIA. We observed the central position of the source in the OH^2Π_{3/2}, J=5/2\toJ=3/2 and ^2Π_{1/2}, J=3/2\toJ=1/2 lines. These data were complemented with APEX CO(6-5) and CO(7-6) and HIFI maps and single-pointing observations in [CII], H2O, and HF. The [OI] spectra in G5.89--0.39 are severely contaminated by absorptions from the envelope and from different clouds along the line of sight. Emission is detected only at HV, clearly associated with the compact north-south outflows traced by extremely HV low-J CO. The mass-loss rate and energetics of derived from [OI] agree well with estimates from CO, suggesting that the molecular outflows in G5.89--0.39 are driven by the jet system seen in [OI]. The far-IR line luminosity of G5.89--0.39 is dominated by [OI] at HV; the second coolant in this velocity regime is CO, while [CII], OH and H2O are minor contributors to the cooling in the outflow. Our study shows the importance of spectroscopically resolved data of [OI]63micron for using this line as diagnostic of SFRs. While this was not possible until now, the GREAT receiver onboard SOFIA has recently opened the possibility of detailed studies of this line to investigate its potential for probing different environments.
description: A&A in press
On the classification of GRBs and their occurrence rates
Creators: name: Ruffini, R.
name: Rueda, J. A.
name: Muccino, M.
name: Aimuratov, Y.
name: Becerra, L. M.
name: Bianco, C. L.
name: Kovacevic, M.
name: Moradi, R.
name: Oliveira, F. G.
name: Pisani, G. B.
name: Wang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is mounting evidence for the binary nature of the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For a long GRB, the induced gravitational collapse (IGC) paradigm proposes as progenitor, or "in-state", a tight binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen core (CO$_{core}$) undergoing a supernova (SN) explosion which triggers hypercritical accretion onto a neutron star (NS) companion. For a short GRB, a NS-NS merger is traditionally adopted as the progenitor. We divide long and short GRBs into two sub-classes, depending on whether or not a black hole (BH) is formed in the merger or in the hypercritical accretion process exceeding the NS critical mass. For long bursts, when no BH is formed we have the sub-class of X-ray flashes (XRFs), with isotropic energy $E_{iso}\lesssim10^{52}$ erg and rest-frame spectral peak energy $E_{p,i}\lesssim200$ keV. When a BH is formed we have the sub-class of binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe), with $E_{iso}\gtrsim10^{52}$ erg and $E_{p,i}\gtrsim200$ keV. In analogy, short bursts are similarly divided into two sub-classes. When no BH is formed, short gamma-ray flashes (S-GRFs) occur, with $E_{iso}\lesssim10^{52}$ erg and $E_{p,i}\lesssim2$ MeV. When a BH is formed, the authentic short GRBs (S-GRBs) occur, with $E_{iso}\gtrsim10^{52}$ erg and $E_{p,i}\gtrsim2$ MeV. We give examples and observational signatures of these four sub-classes and their rate of occurrence. From their respective rates it is possible that "in-states" of S-GRFs and S-GRBs originate from the "out-states" of XRFs. We indicate two additional progenitor systems: white dwarf-NS and BH-NS. These systems have hybrid features between long and short bursts. In the case of S-GRBs and BdHNe evidence is given of the coincidence of the onset of the high energy GeV emission with the birth of a Kerr BH.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, this version matches the one in press on ApJ
Inter-laboratory comparison of a WDS-EDS quantitative X-ray microanalysis of a metallic glass
Creators: name: Jonnard, Philippe
name: Brisset, François
name: Robaut, Florence
name: Wille, Guillaume
name: Ruste, Jacky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted an inter-laboratory study of a metallic glass whose main component is nickel. Two determinations of the mass fractions of the different elements present within the sample were asked to the participants: one at an acceleration voltage of 15 or 20 kV and another one at 5 kV. We compare the mass fractions obtained from wavelength dispersive (WDS) and energy dispersive spectrometries (EDS) and also try to find an influence of the kind of EDS detector and its entrance window, the background subtraction method, the use or not of standards as well as the quantification method. Both means of WDS and EDS mass fractions are close to the reference values. The dispersion of the results was larger at 5 kV than at 15-20 kV owing to the use of the L lines rather than K lines and to the lowest collected intensities. There is an exception with the case of boron because at the lowest voltage, the excitation condition is more favourable for the production of the K line. It appears that the dispersion of the results is larger with EDS than with WDS but it was not possible to find a correlation between the large dispersion and one of the considered experimental parameters and quantification factors. Thus, one can think that electron microprobes are inherently better for the determination of mass fractions or that the implementation of quantitative analysis must be optimized for some cases, especially in SEMs.
description: Members of the GN-MEBA, SEMPA users group and Belgian laboratories coordinated by Universite Catholique de Louvain are thanked for their participation to this inter-laboratory study
Slowly rotating charged fluid balls in the presence of a cosmological constant
Creators: name: Wright, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine charged slowly rotating perfect fluids in the presence of a cosmological constant. The asymptotic form of the vacuum solutions to the linearised Einstein-Maxwell field equations is found and the possibility of matching this vacuum to the slow rotating García metric is considered. We show that, contrary to the case of zero cosmological constant, this García metric can be matched to an asymptotically de Sitter vacuum in the slow rotation limit. We conclude the García metric may potentially be suitable for describing a charged isolated rotating body in a cosmological background.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Relationship between paretic lower extremity loading during sit-to-stand and gait speed from 1 to 6 months post stroke
Creators: name: Manorangsan, Sukwida
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between paretic lower extremity (LE) loading during sit-to-stand (STS) and gait speed in persons recovering from stroke. Subjects (n=17; mean age = 56.8 ± 14.2 years) were tested at monthly intervals from 1 to 6 months (M1 - M6) post stroke using force platform measures to assess lower extremity loading during STS and the 10-meter walk test to assess self-selected and fast gait speeds. Paretic LE loading during STS tended to increase over the first three months and then plateau, with significant differences between M1 and M3-M6 and between M2 and M5-M6 (Tukey's HSD.05 = 3.22; p<.05). Gait speeds also improved, with the largest gains between M1 and M2. Measures of magnitude of paretic LE loading were positively correlated with gait speeds, while measures of the time required to load the LEs were negatively correlated with gait speeds at every month.
Traffic in Towns, the Loss ofg Urban Resilence and the case of Auckland's civic centre
Creators: name: Haarhoff, Errol
name: Aitken-Rose, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: There are cogent arguments supporting the idea that resilient urbanism requires successful streets. Successful streets in city centres require a balance between efficient traffic movement and spaces for pedestrians on which urban vitality and economies depend. This balance was fractured in the 1940’s with the growth of car ownership, and traffic solutions prioritising vehicle movement. Responding to these issues in 1963, the Buchanan Report, Traffic in Towns advocated building motorways in towns, but in such a way that these circled what were called ‘environmental areas’. Auckland enthusiastically embraced motorway construction from 1955, and proposals to build a new civic centre at this time were seen as an opportunity to improved traffic flow in the inner city. This included the insertion of a new circular street, Mayoral Drive, cutting across the previous small scale grain of blocks and streets. The success of this street 50 years since its construction is assessed using urban design criteria. The conclusion drawn is that apart from two small areas, Mayoral Drive remains a largely unsuccessful street at the heart of Auckland, with a configuration that remains difficult to remediate from both a private and public investment point of view.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning
Photoinduced correlated electron dynamics in a two-leg ladder Hubbard system
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Hiroshi
name: Ishihara, Sumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoinduced carrier dynamics in a correlated electron system on a coupled two-leg ladder lattice are studied. The two-leg ladder Hubbard model is analyzed by utilizing the exact diagonalization method based on the Lanczos algorithm in finite size clusters. In order to reveal the transient carrier dynamics after photoirradiation, we calculate the low-energy components of the hole kinetic energy, the pair-field correlation function, the optical conductivity spectra and others. It is shown that the photoinduced metallic-like state appears in a half filled Mott insulating state, while the low-energy carrier motion is suppressed by photoirradiation in hole doped metallic states. These photoinduced changes in electron dynamics are associated with changes in the carrier-pair coherence, and are not attributed to a naive thermalization but to a ladder-lattice effect. Based on the numerical results, optical controls of hole pairs by using the double-pulse pumping are demonstrated. Implications to the recent optical pump-probe experiments are presented.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
TOWARDS RESILIENCE IN CHENNAI
Creators: name: Manohar, Lakshmi
name: K T, Muthaiah
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Global mean temperatures have increased, average sea levels have risen, snow cover has decreased, glaciers and icecaps have started to melt, thunderstorms and torrential rains have occurred in dry areas, all pointing towards climate change. NASA has mentioned that majority of the climate scientists agree that these indicators of climate-warming trends over the past century are mostly due to human activities. The United Nations has endorsed this position and forecasted that around 50 million people will become environmental refugees by the end of this decade (UNEP, 2005). Due to this, most of the world is debating how to reduce greenhouse emissions that cause climate change and how to build resilience to the inevitable effects of climate change through various climate summits. Even though the awareness of building resilience in cities exists around the world, developing nations are facing challenges in building resilient cities due to over population and unplanned growth in the process of rapid urbanisation and economic development. One such example is Chennai, a coastal city in India. Though the city has experienced major floods in 1943, 1978, and 2005; the recent unprecedented rainfall in the fall of 2015 caused by the El Nino phenomenon had collapsed Chennai with flash floods. This presented an Indian context of climate change crisis – which is a consequence of expanding cities over existing environmental systems thereby damaging them severely. The city of Chennai, from Pre Independence to Post Independence, has been filling natural ponds, lakes and marshes to expand the city to allow closer proximity to the city centre for economic development. While these actions have resulted in increased flooding during rain, conditions of water scarcity has been observed during summer. Hasty urbanization has given no regard to the traditional system of planning which had once respected nature and combated floods and droughts through the various cultural practices and taboos practiced by the people. Thus, it is essential to look back at the planning trajectory of Chennai and to recognise methods used traditionally in the region to survive the environmental disaster, making the city flood resilient. This research explores the possibilities of alternative and sustainable approaches for resilient urban development using the environmental disaster of Chennai’s 2015 flood as a case study. This examination uncovers the traditional, the British Raj-era, the post-Independence, and the contemporary development context in order to understand the local context for where and when coastal human settlement negatively impacted the natural system. As Eliot Scalar said, “adaptation is the key. If we need to reverse climate change, we first have to survive long enough to do that”- Century of the city- No time to loose (Rockefeller Foundation, 2008).
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Change and Responsive Planning