cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-principles Calculation of Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Y(Co,Fe,Ni,Cu)$_5$ Based on Full-potential KKR Green's Function Method
Creators: name: Okumura, Haruki
name: Fukushima, Tetsuya
name: Akai, Hisazumi
name: Ogura, Masako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of permanent magnets YCo$_5$ can be improved by replacing cobalt with other elements, such as iron, copper, and nickel. In order to determine its optimum composition, it is necessary to perform systematic theoretical calculations in a consistent framework. In this study, we calculated the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant $K_{\rm u}$ of Y(Co$_{1-x-y}$Fe$_{x}$Cu$_{y}$)$_3$(Co$_{1-z}$Ni$_{z}$)$_2$ on the basis of the full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function method in conjunction with the coherent potential approximation. The calculated $K_{\rm u}$ of YCo$_5$ was smaller than the experimental value because of a missing enhancement due to orbital polarization. Although the value of $K_{\rm u}$ of Y(Co$_{1-x-y}$Fe$_{x}$Cu$_{y}$)$_3$(Co$_{1-z}$Ni$_{z}$)$_2$ was systematically underestimated compared to their experimental counterparts, the doping effect can be analyzed within a consistent framework. The results have shown that YFe$_3$Co$_2$ has much higher $K_{\rm u}=5.00$ MJ/m$^3$ than pristine YCo$_5$ ($K_{\rm u}=1.82$ MJ/m$^3$), and that nickel as a stabilization element decreases $K_{\rm u}$ and magnetization in YFe$_3$(Co$_{1-z}$Ni$_z$)$_2$. However, the anisotropy field of $z\sim0.5$ can compete with the value of YCo$_5$.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Dataset related to article "Velocity vector comparison between vector flow imaging and computational fluid dynamics in the carotid bifurcation"
Creators: name: Sofia, Poloni
name: Michela, Bozzetto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Carotid artery, HiFR-VFI, CFD, Velocity vectors, Blood velocity validation

description: Dataset including: - Linear regression.xls: data about velocity magnitude and vector direction obtained by the two techniques under study, and their correlation - velocity statistics.xls: data about velocity magnitude and vector direction obtained by the two techniques under study and relative distribution and outliers - patient 01-06.zip: MRI image data (DICOM subfolder), boundary conditions used to perform CFD simulations (US subfolder), and vector flow imaging video clips (VFI subfolder) related to patients 01-06
On classification of non-equal rank affine conformal embeddings and applications
Creators: name: Adamovic, Drazen
name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Frajria, Pierluigi Moseneder
name: Papi, Paolo
name: Perse, Ozren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the classification of conformal embeddings of a maximally reductive subalgebra $\mathfrak k$ into a simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ at non-integrable non-critical levels $k$ by dealing with the case when $\mathfrak k$ has rank less than that of $\mathfrak g$. We describe some remarkable instances of decomposition of the vertex algebra $V_{k}(\mathfrak g)$ as a module for the vertex subalgebra generated by $\mathfrak k$. We discuss decompositions of conformal embeddings and constructions of new affine Howe dual pairs at negative levels. In particular, we study an example of conformal embeddings $A_1 \times A_1 \hookrightarrow C_3$ at level $k=-1/2$, and obtain explicit branching rules by applying certain $q$-series identity. In the analysis of conformal embedding $A_1 \times D_4 \hookrightarrow C_8$ at level $k=-1/2$ we detect subsingular vectors which do not appear in the branching rules of the classical Howe dual pairs.
description: Latex file, 37 pages; revised version. To appear in Selecta Mathematica
Longitudinal Variation of H$_2$O Ice Absorption on Miranda
Creators: name: DeColibus, Riley A.
name: Chanover, Nancy J.
name: Cartwright, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many tidally locked icy satellites in the outer Solar System show leading/trailing hemispherical asymmetries in the strength of near-infrared (NIR) H$_2$O ice absorption bands, in which the absorption bands are stronger on the leading hemisphere. This is often attributed to a combination of magnetospheric irradiation effects and impact gardening, which can modify grain size, expose fresh ice, and produce dark contaminating compounds that reduce the strength of absorption features. Previous research identified this leading/trailing asymmetry on the four largest classical Uranian satellites but did not find a clear leading/trailing asymmetry on Miranda, the smallest and innermost classical moon. We undertook an extensive observational campaign to investigate variations of the NIR spectral signature of H$_2$O ice with longitude on Miranda's northern hemisphere. We acquired 22 new spectra with the TripleSpec spectrograph on the ARC 3.5m telescope and 4 new spectra with GNIRS on Gemini North. Our analysis also includes 3 unpublished and 7 previously published spectra taken with SpeX on the 3m IRTF. We confirm that Miranda has no substantial leading/trailing hemispherical asymmetry in the strength of its H$_2$O ice absorption features. We additionally find evidence for an anti-Uranus/sub-Uranus asymmetry in the strength of the 1.5-$μ$m H$_2$O ice band that is not seen on the other Uranian satellites, suggesting that additional endogenic or exogenic processes influence the longitudinal distribution of H$_2$O ice band strengths on Miranda.
description: 40 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in PSJ
A constructive approach to Schaeffer's conjecture
Creators: name: Szehr, Oleg
name: Zarouf, Rachid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A60 (Primary), 30J10 (Secondary)

description: J.J. Schaeffer proved that for $any$ induced matrix norm and $any$ invertible $T=T(n)$ the inequality \[\left|\det T\right|\left\Vert T^{-1}\right\Vert \leq\mathcal{S}\left\Vert T\right\Vert ^{n-1}\] holds with $\mathcal{S}=\mathcal{S}(n)\leq\sqrt{en}$. He conjectured that the best $\mathcal{S}$ was actually bounded. This was rebutted by Gluskin-Meyer-Pajor and subsequent contributions by J. Bourgain and H. Queffelec that successively improved lower estimates on $\mathcal{S}$. These articles rely on a link to the theory of power sums of complex numbers. A probabilistic or number theoretic analysis of such inequalities is employed to prove the existence of $T$ with growing $\mathcal{S}$ but the explicit construction of such $T$ remains an open task. In this article we propose a constructive approach to Schaeffer's conjecture that is not related to power sum theory. As a consequence we present an explicit sequence of Toeplitz matrices with singleton spectrum $\{λ\}\subset\mathbb{D}-\{0\}$ such that $\mathcal{S}\geq c(λ)\sqrt{n}$. Our framework naturally extends to provide lower estimates on the resolvent $\left\Vert (ζ-T)^{-1}\right\Vert$ when $ζ\neq0$. We also obtain new upper estimates on the resolvent when the spectrum is given. This yields new upper bounds on $\left\Vert T^{-1}\right\Vert$ in terms of the eigenvalues of $T$ which slightly refine Schaeffer's original estimate.
Constraining C iii] Emission in a Sample of Five Luminous z = 5.7 Galaxies
Creators: name: Ding, Jiani
name: Cai, Zheng
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Stark, Daniel P.
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: McGreer, Ian D.
name: Robertson, Brant E.
name: Siana, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have suggested that the CIII]$\lambda1907/1909$ emission lines could be alternative diagnostic lines for galaxies in the reionization epoch. We use the F128N narrowband filter on the Hubble Space Telescope's ($\it{HST}$) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to search for CIII] emission in a sample of five galaxies at z = 5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. Using the F128N narrowband imaging, together with the broadband imaging, we do not detect CIII] emission for the five galaxies with $J_{\rm{AB}}$ ranging from 24.10 -- 27.00 in our sample. For the brightest galaxy J132416.13+274411.6 in our sample (z = 5.70, $J_{\rm{AB}} = 24.10$), which has a significantly higher signal to noise, we report a CIII] flux of $3.34\pm1.81 \times 10^{-18}$ $\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$, which places a stringent 3-$\rmσ$ upper limit of $5.43\times 10^{-18}$ $\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$ on CIII] flux and 6.57 Å on the CIII] equivalent width. Using the stacked image, we put a 3-$\rmσ$ upper limit on the mean CIII] flux of $\mathrm{2.55\times10^{-18}\ erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$, and a 3-$\rmσ$ upper limit on the mean CIII] equivalent width of 4.20 Å for this sample of galaxies at z = 5.70. Combined with strong CIII] detection reported among high-z galaxies in the literature, our observations suggest that the equivalent widths of CIII] from galaxies at z $>$ 5.70 exhibit a wide range of distribution. Our strong limits on CIII] emission could be used as a guide for future observations in the reionization epoch.
Rogue Waves and Large Deviations in Deep Sea
Creators: name: Dematteis, Giovanni
name: Grafke, Tobias
name: Vanden-Eijnden, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The appearance of rogue waves in deep sea is investigated using the modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation in one spatial-dimension with random initial conditions that are assumed to be normally distributed, with a spectrum approximating realistic conditions of a uni-directional sea state. It is shown that one can use the incomplete information contained in this spectrum as prior and supplement this information with the MNLS dynamics to reliably estimate the probability distribution of the sea surface elevation far in the tail at later times. Our results indicate that rogue waves occur when the system hits unlikely pockets of wave configurations that trigger large disturbances of the surface height. The rogue wave precursors in these pockets are wave patterns of regular height but with a very specific shape that is identified explicitly, thereby allowing for early detection. The method proposed here combines Monte Carlo sampling with tools from large deviations theory that reduce the calculation of the most likely rogue wave precursors to an optimization problem that can be solved efficiently. This approach is transferable to other problems in which the system's governing equations contain random initial conditions and/or parameters.
Neural logic reasoning and applications
Creators: name: Chen, Hanxiong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Recent years have witnessed the success of deep neural networks in many research areas. The fundamental idea behind the design of most neural networks is to learn similarity patterns from data for prediction and inference, which lacks the ability of cognitive reasoning. However, the concrete ability of reasoning is critical to many theoretical and practical problems. On the other hand, traditional symbolic reasoning methods do well in making logical inferences, but they are mostly hard rule-based reasoning, which limits their generalization ability to different tasks since different tasks may require different rules. Both reasoning and generalization ability are important for prediction tasks such as recommender systems, where reasoning provides a strong connection between user history and target items for accurate prediction, and generalization helps the model to draw a robust user portrait over noisy inputs. In this dissertation, we propose a Neural Logical Reasoning (NLR) framework to integrate the power of deep learning and logical reasoning. NLR is a dynamic modularized neural architecture that learns basic logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT as neural modules, and conducts propositional logical reasoning through the logical structured network for inference. In order to examine the effectiveness of the neural logical reasoning concept, we do extensive studies including (i) Conducting experiments on theoretical tasks to verify that our proposed framework has the ability to conduct logical inference; (ii) Applying the neural logical reasoning framework to recommendation task to explore its ability of solving real-word problems; (iii) Extending the application to more general graph-related tasks such as knowledge graph completion. Experiments show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in various application scenarios. Moreover, we utilize the neural architecture search strategy to allow the model to learn the adaptive logical neural architectures automatically which brings flexibility to our framework.
Neurostream: Scalable and Energy Efficient Deep Learning with Smart Memory Cubes
Creators: name: Azarkhish, Erfan
name: Rossi, Davide
name: Loi, Igor
name: Benini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-performance computing systems are moving towards 2.5D and 3D memory hierarchies, based on High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) to mitigate the main memory bottlenecks. This trend is also creating new opportunities to revisit near-memory computation. In this paper, we propose a flexible processor-in-memory (PIM) solution for scalable and energy-efficient execution of deep convolutional networks (ConvNets), one of the fastest-growing workloads for servers and high-end embedded systems. Our codesign approach consists of a network of Smart Memory Cubes (modular extensions to the standard HMC) each augmented with a many-core PIM platform called NeuroCluster. NeuroClusters have a modular design based on NeuroStream coprocessors (for Convolution-intensive computations) and general-purpose RISCV cores. In addition, a DRAM-friendly tiling mechanism and a scalable computation paradigm are presented to efficiently harness this computational capability with a very low programming effort. NeuroCluster occupies only 8% of the total logic-base (LoB) die area in a standard HMC and achieves an average performance of 240 GFLOPS for complete execution of full-featured state-of-the-art (SoA) ConvNets within a power budget of 2.5W. Overall 11 W is consumed in a single SMC device, with 22.5 GFLOPS/W energy-efficiency which is 3.5X better than the best GPU implementations in similar technologies. The minor increase in system-level power and the negligible area increase make our PIM system a cost-effective and energy efficient solution, easily scalable to 955 GFLOPS with a small network of just four SMCs.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, submitted to IEEE TPDS Journal
Robustness of the Page-Wootters construction across different pictures, states of the universe and system-clock interactions
Creators: name: Rijavec, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum theory, the concept of time rests on shaky ground. One way to address this problem is to remove the usual background time parameter as a primitive entity and explain its emergence via correlations between physical systems. This approach was adopted by Page and Wootters (1983), who showed how time can emerge in a stationary quantum universe from the correlations between two of its subsystems, one of them acting as a clock for the other. In this work, I study the robustness of the Page-Wootters construction across different pictures, states of the universe and clock interactions, clarifying the role and the nature of the correlations between the subsystems of the universe. I start by showing how to formulate the Page-Wootters construction in the Heisenberg picture via a unitary change of basis. I consider both pure and mixed states of the universe and extend the analysis to include interactions between the clock and the other subsystem of the universe. The study reveals what kind of correlations are necessary for the construction to work. Interestingly, entanglement is not required as long as there are no interactions with the clock. The study also shows that these interactions can lead to a non-unitary evolution for some mixed states of the universe. In a simple two-level system, this aspect becomes relevant at scales where one would expect strong relativistic effects. At these scales, I also observe an inversion in the system's direction of time.
description: Revised and extended version. Two sections added. 16 pages, 2 figures
Ultrafast Charge Migration Dynamics in Enol Keto Tautomerization Monitored with a Local Soft-X-Ray Probe
Creators: name: Soley, Micheline B.
name: Videla, Pablo E.
name: Nibbering, Erik T. J.
name: Batista, Victor S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is the underlying mechanism governing important reactions ranging from water splitting in photosynthesis to oxygen reduction in hydrogen fuel cells. The interplay of proton and electronic charge distribution motions can vary from sequential to concerted schemes, with elementary steps occurring on ultrafast time scales. We demonstrate with a simulation study that femtosecond soft-X-ray spectroscopy provides key insight into the PCET mechanism of a photoinduced intramolecular enol* $\rightarrow$ keto* tautomerization reaction. A full quantum treatment of electronic and nuclear dynamics of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl-)benzothiazole upon electronic excitation reveals how spectral signatures of local excitations from core to frontier orbitals display the distinct stages of charge migration for the H atom, donating, and accepting sites. Our findings indicate UV/X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy provides a unique way to probe ultrafast electronic structure rearrangements in photoinduced chemical reactions essential to understanding the mechanism of PCET.
Predicting the Yields of z > 6.5 Quasar Surveys in the Era of Roman and Rubin
Creators: name: Tee, Wei Leong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Galaxy Surveys at High Redshift

description: Around 70 z > 6.5 luminous quasars have been discovered, strongly biased toward the bright end, thus not providing a comprehensive view on quasar abundance beyond cosmic dawn. We present the predicted results of Roman/Rubin high-redshift quasar survey, yielding 3 times more, 2−4 magnitudes deeper quasar samples, probing high-redshift quasars across broad range of luminosities, especially faint quasars at bolometric luminosity ∼ 10^10 L⊙ or M1450 ∼ −22 that are currently poorly explored. We include high-z quasars, galactic dwarfs and low-z compact galaxies with similar colors as quasar candidates. We create mock catalogs based on population models to evaluate selection completeness and efficiency. We utilize classical color dropout method using deep optical and infrared bands to select primary quasar candidates, followed up with Bayesian selection method to identify quasars. We show that the overall selection completeness > 80% and efficiency ∼ 10% at 6.5 < z < 9, with 180 quasars at z > 6.5, 20 at z > 7.5 and 2 at z > 8.5. The quasar yields depend sensitively on the assumed quasar luminosity shape and redshift evolution. Majority quasar contaminants are faint dwarfs, rejection through proper motion is insignificant. Our results show that Roman/Rubin are able to discover a statistical sample of the earliest quasars in the Universe. The new valuable datasets worth follow up studies with James Webb Space Telescope and Extremely Large Telescopes, to determine quasar luminosity function faint end slope, intergalactic medium evolution during the epoch of reionization and supermassive black holes growth in the early Universe.
Productive, Anxious, Lonely - 24 Hours Without Push Notifications
Creators: name: Pielot, Martin
name: Rello, Luz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.m

description: We report from the Do Not Disturb Challenge where 30 volunteers disabled notification alerts for 24 hours across all devices. The effect of the absence of notifications on the participants was isolated through an experimental study design: we compared self-reported feedback from the day without notifications against a baseline day. The evidence indicates that notifications have locked us in a dilemma: without notifications, participants felt less distracted and more productive. But, they also felt no longer able to be as responsive as expected, which made some participants anxious. And, they felt less connected with one's social group. In contrast to previous reports, about two third of the participants expressed the intention to change how they manage notifications. Two years later, half of the participants are still following through with their plans.
Conditional average treatment effect estimation with marginally constrained models
Creators: name: van Amsterdam, Wouter A. C.
name: Ranganath, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Treatment effect estimates are often available from randomized controlled trials as a single average treatment effect for a certain patient population. Estimates of the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) are more useful for individualized treatment decision making, but randomized trials are often too small to estimate the CATE. Examples in medical literature make use of the relative treatment effect (e.g. an odds-ratio) reported by randomized trials to estimate the CATE using large observational datasets. One approach to estimating these CATE models is by using the relative treatment effect as an offset, while estimating the covariate-specific untreated risk. We observe that the odds-ratios reported in randomized controlled trials are not the odds-ratios that are needed in offset models because trials often report the marginal odds-ratio. We introduce a constraint or regularizer to better use marginal odds-ratios from randomized controlled trials and find that under the standard observational causal inference assumptions this approach provides a consistent estimate of the CATE. Next, we show that the offset approach is not valid for CATE estimation in the presence of unobserved confounding. We study if the offset assumption and the marginal constraint lead to better approximations of the CATE relative to the alternative of using the average treatment effect estimate from the randomized trial. We empirically show that when the underlying CATE has sufficient variation, the constraint and offset approaches lead to closer approximations to the CATE.
description: accepted for publication in Journal of Causal Inference, 2023
Holographic conductivity in the massive gravity with power-law Maxwell field
Creators: name: Dehyadegari, A.
name: Zangeneh, M. Kord
name: Sheykhi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a new class of topological black hole solutions in $(n+1)$-dimensional massive gravity in the presence of the power-Maxwell electrodynamics. We calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the system and show that the first law of thermodynamics is satisfied on the horizon. Then, we investigate the holographic conductivity for the four and five dimensional black brane solutions. For completeness, we study the holographic conductivity for both massless ($m=0$) and massive ($m \neq 0$) gravities with power-Maxwell field. The massless gravity enjoys translational symmetry whereas the massive gravity violates it. For massless gravity, we observe that the real part of conductivity, $\mathrm{Re}[σ]$, decreases as charge $q$ increases when frequency $ω$ tends to zero, while the imaginary part of conductivity, $\mathrm{Im}[σ]$, diverges as $ω\rightarrow 0$. For the massive gravity, we find that $\mathrm{Im}[σ]$ is zero at $ω=0$ and becomes larger as $q$\ increases (temperature decreases), which is in contrast to the massless gravity. Interestingly, we observe that in contrast to the massless case, $\mathrm{Re}[σ]$ has a maximum value at $ω=0$ (known as the Drude peak) for $p=\left( n+1\right) /4$ (conformally invariant electrodynamics) where $p$ is the power parameter of the power-law Maxwell field and this maximum increases with increasing $q$. Finally, we show that for high frequencies, the real part of the holographic conductivity have the power law behavior in terms of frequency, $ω^{a}$ where $a \propto (n+1-4p)$. Some similar behaviors for high frequencies in possible dual CFT systems have been reported in experimental observations.
description: V2: 15 pages, 5 figures (each one includes \geq 3 subfigures), Some Refs added, Some discussions regarding i) the power-law Maxwell electrodynamics and ii) the relation between our results and experimental observations presented, A suggestion for future extensions given
A model of regulatory dynamics with threshold-type state-dependent delay
Creators: name: Hu, Qingwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37G05, 92D25

description: We model intracellular regulatory dynamics with threshold-type state-dependent delay and investigate the effect of the state-dependent diffusion time. A general model which is an extension of the classic differential equation models with constant or zero time delays is developed to study the stability of steady state, the occurrence and stability of periodic oscillations in regulatory dynamics. Using the method of multiple time scales, we compute the normal form of the general model and show that the state-dependent diffusion time may give arise to both supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations. Numerical simulations of the prototype model of genetic regulatory dynamics are also given to illustrate the general results.
description: 25 pages
Measurement of differential cross sections for the production of a Z boson in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement is presented of the production of Z bosons that decay into two electrons or muons in association with jets, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The differential cross sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) of the Z boson and the transverse momentum and rapidities of the five jets with largest $p_\mathrm{T}$. The jet multiplicity distribution is measured for up to eight jets. The hadronic activity in the events is estimated using the scalar sum of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ of all the jets. All measurements are unfolded to the stable particle-level and compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators, as well as with expectations at leading and next-to-leading orders in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-19-009 (CMS Public Pages)
Topolectrical circuits
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Imhof, Stefan
name: Berger, Christian
name: Bayer, Florian
name: Brehm, Johannes
name: Molenkamp, Laurens W.
name: Kiessling, Tobias
name: Thomale, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invented by Alessandro Volta and Félix Savary in the early 19th century, circuits consisting of resistor, inductor and capacitor (RLC) components are omnipresent in modern technology. The behavior of an RLC circuit is governed by its circuit Laplacian, which is analogous to the Hamiltonian describing the energetics of a physical system. We show that topological semimetal band structures can be realized as admittance bands in a periodic RLC circuit, where we employ the grounding to adjust the spectral position of the bands similar to the chemical potential in a material. Topological boundary resonances (TBRs) appear in the impedance read-out of a topolectrical circuit, providing a robust signal for the presence of topological admittance bands. For experimental illustration, we build the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger circuit, where our impedance measurement detects a TBR related to the midgap state. Due to the versatility of electronic circuits, our topological semimetal construction can be generalized to band structures with arbitrary lattice symmetry. Topolectrical circuits establish a bridge between electrical engineering and topological states of matter, where the accessibility, scalability, and operability of electronics synergizes with the intricate boundary properties of topological phases.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
The vacuum provides quantum advantage to otherwise simulatable architectures
Creators: name: Calcluth, Cameron
name: Ferraro, Alessandro
name: Ferrini, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a computational model composed of ideal Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill stabilizer states, Gaussian operations - including all rational symplectic operations and all real displacements -, and homodyne measurement. We prove that such architecture is classically efficiently simulatable, by explicitly providing an algorithm to calculate the probability density function of the measurement outcomes of the computation. We also provide a method to sample when the circuits contain conditional operations. This result is based on an extension of the celebrated Gottesman-Knill theorem, via introducing proper stabilizer operators for the code at hand. We conclude that the resource enabling quantum advantage in the universal computational model considered by B.Q. Baragiola et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 200502 (2019)], composed of a subset of the elements given above augmented with a provision of vacuum states, is indeed the vacuum state.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
If you are not paying for it, you are the product: How much do advertisers pay to reach you?
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Panagiotis
name: Kourtellis, Nicolas
name: Rodriguez, Pablo Rodriguez
name: Laoutaris, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online advertising is progressively moving towards a programmatic model in which ads are matched to actual interests of individuals collected as they browse the web. Letting the huge debate around privacy aside, a very important question in this area, for which little is known, is: How much do advertisers pay to reach an individual? In this study, we develop a first of its kind methodology for computing exactly that -- the price paid for a web user by the ad ecosystem -- and we do that in real time. Our approach is based on tapping on the Real Time Bidding (RTB) protocol to collect cleartext and encrypted prices for winning bids paid by advertisers in order to place targeted ads. Our main technical contribution is a method for tallying winning bids even when they are encrypted. We achieve this by training a model using as ground truth prices obtained by running our own "probe" ad-campaigns. We design our methodology through a browser extension and a back-end server that provides it with fresh models for encrypted bids. We validate our methodology using a one year long trace of 1600 mobile users and demonstrate that it can estimate a user's advertising worth with more than 82% accuracy.
description: In Proceedings of IMC '17, London, United Kingdom, November 1-3, 2017, 15 pages
Compactification of Level Maps of Moduli Spaces of Drinfeld Shtukas
Creators: name: Bieker, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define Drinfeld level structures for Drinfeld shtukas of any rank and show that their moduli spaces are regular and admit finite flat level maps. In particular, the moduli spaces of Drinfeld shtukas with Drinfeld $Γ_0(\mathfrak{p}^n)$-level structures provide a good integral model and relative compactification of the moduli space of shtukas with naive $Γ_0(\mathfrak{p}^n)$-level defined using shtukas for dilated group schemes.
description: 32 pages, final version, to appear in Journal of Algebra
Understanding NaI(Tl) crystal background for dark matter searches
Creators: name: Adhikari, G.
name: Adhikari, P.
name: Ha, C.
name: Jeon, E. J.
name: Kim, N. Y.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Kong, S. Y.
name: Lee, H. S.
name: Oh, S. Y.
name: Park, J. S.
name: Park, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed ultra-low-background NaI(Tl) crystals to reproduce the DAMA results with the ultimate goal of achieving purity levels that are comparable to or better than those of the DAMA/LIBRA crystals. Even though the achieved background level does not approach that of DAMA/LIBRA, it is crucial to have a quantitative understanding of the backgrounds. We have studied background simulations toward a deeper understanding of the backgrounds and developed background models for a 9.16-kg NaI(Tl) crystal used in the test arrangement. In this paper we describe the contributions of background sources quantitatively by performing Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations that are fitted to the measured data to quantify the unknown fractions of the background compositions. In the fitted results, the overall simulated background spectrum well describes the measured data with a 9.16-kg NaI(Tl) crystal and shows that the background sources are dominated by surface $^{210}$Pb and internal $^{40}$K in the 2 to 6-keV energy interval, which produce 2.4 counts/day/keV/kg (dru) and 0.5 dru, respectively.
Breakdown of quantization in nonlinear Thouless pumping
Creators: name: Tuloup, Thomas
name: Bomantara, Raditya Weda
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of solitons driven in a nonlinear Thouless pump and its connection with the system's topology were recently explored for both weak and strong nonlinear strength. This work uncovers the fate of nonlinear Thouless pumping in the regime of intermediate nonlinearity, thus establishing a fascinating crossover from the observation of nonzero and quantized pumping at weak nonlinearity to zero pumping at strong nonlinearity. We identify the presence of critical nonlinearity strength at which quantized pumping of solitons breaks down regardless of the protocol time scale. Such an obstruction to pumping quantization is attributed to the presence of loop structures of nonlinear topological bands. Our results not only unveil a missing piece of physics in nonlinear Thouless pumping, but also provide a means to detect loop structures of nonlinear systems investigated in real space.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Published in NJP
Thermoelectric Effects in Nanowire-Based MOSFETs
Creators: name: Bosisio, Riccardo
name: Fleury, Geneviève
name: Gorini, Cosimo
name: Pichard, J. -L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a series of works describing thermoelectric effects in gated disordered nanowires (field effect transistor device configuration). After considering the elastic coherent regime characterizing sub-Kelvin temperatures, we study the inelastic activated regime occurring at higher temperatures, where electronic transport is dominated by phonon-assisted hops between localised states (Mott variable range hopping). The thermoelectric effects are studied as a function of the location of the Fermi level inside the nanowire conduction band, notably around its edges where they become very large. We underline the interest of using electron-phonon coupling around the band edges of large arrays of parallel nanowires for energy harvesting and hot spot cooling at small scales. Multiterminal thermoelectric transport and ratchet effects are eventually considered in the activated regime.
Learning to Find Proofs and Theorems by Learning to Refine Search Strategies: The Case of Loop Invariant Synthesis
Creators: name: Laurent, Jonathan
name: Platzer, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new approach to automated theorem proving where an AlphaZero-style agent is self-training to refine a generic high-level expert strategy expressed as a nondeterministic program. An analogous teacher agent is self-training to generate tasks of suitable relevance and difficulty for the learner. This allows leveraging minimal amounts of domain knowledge to tackle problems for which training data is unavailable or hard to synthesize. As a specific illustration, we consider loop invariant synthesis for imperative programs and use neural networks to refine both the teacher and solver strategies.
Concentration phenomena for critical fractional Schrödinger systems
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the existence, multiplicity and concentration behavior of solutions for the following critical fractional Schrödinger system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s} (-Δ)^{s}u+V(x) u=Q_{u}(u, v)+\frac{1}{2^{*}_{s}}K_{u}(u, v) &\mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N}\varepsilon^{2s} (-Δ)^{s}u+W(x) v=Q_{v}(u, v)+\frac{1}{2^{*}_{s}}K_{v}(u, v) &\mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N} u, v>0 &\mbox{ in } \R^{N}, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a parameter, $s\in (0, 1)$, $N>2s$, $(-Δ)^{s}$ is the fractional Laplacian operator, $V:\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ and $W:\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are positive Hölder continuous potentials, $Q$ and $K$ are homogeneous $C^{2}$-functions having subcritical and critical growth respectively. We relate the number of solutions with the topology of the set where the potentials $V$ and $W$ attain their minimum values. The proofs rely on the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory and variational methods.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.00604
COSMOS-$e'$- soft Higgsotic attractors
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayantan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we have developed an elegant algorithm to study the cosmological consequences from a huge class of quantum field theories (i.e. superstring theory, supergravity, extra dimensional theory, modified gravity etc.), which are equivalently described by soft attractors in the effective field theory framework. In this description we have restricted our analysis for two scalar fields - dilaton and Higgsotic fields minimally coupled with Einstein gravity, which can be generalized for any arbitrary number of scalar field contents with generalized non-canonical and non-minimal interactions. We have explicitly used $R^2$ gravity, from which we have studied the attractor and non-attractor phase by exactly computing two point, three point and four point correlation functions from scalar fluctuations using In-In (Schwinger-Keldysh) and $δ{\cal N}$ formalism. We have also presented theoretical bounds on the amplitude, tilt and running of the primordial power spectrum, various shapes (equilateral, squeezed, folded kite or counter collinear) of the amplitude as obtained from three and four point scalar functions, which are consistent with observed data. Also the results from two point tensor fluctuations and field excursion formula are explicitly presented for attractor and non-attractor phase. Further, reheating constraints, scale dependent behaviour of the couplings and the dynamical solution for the dilaton and Higgsotic fields are also presented. New sets of consistency relations between two, three and four point observables are also presented, which shows significant deviation from canonical slow roll models. Additionally, three possible theoretical proposals have presented to overcome the tachyonic instability at the time of late time acceleration. Finally, we have also provided the bulk interpretation from the three and four point scalar correlation functions for completeness.
description: 106 pages, 33 figures, 6 tables, Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
Enhanced thermally-activated skyrmion diffusion with tunable effective gyrotropic force
Creators: name: Dohi, Takaaki
name: Weißenhofer, Markus
name: Kerber, Nico
name: Kammerbauer, Fabian
name: Ge, Yuqing
name: Raab, Klaus
name: Zàzvorka, Jakub
name: Syskaki, Maria-Andromachi
name: Shahee, Aga
name: Ruhwedel, Moritz
name: Böttcher, Tobias
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Jakob, Gerhard
name: Nowak, Ulrich
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions, topologically-stabilized spin textures that emerge in magnetic systems, have garnered considerable interest due to a variety of electromagnetic responses that are governed by the topology. The topology that creates a microscopic gyrotropic force also causes detrimental effects, such as the skyrmion Hall effect, which is a well-studied phenomenon highlighting the influence of topology on the deterministic dynamics and drift motion. Furthermore, the gyrotropic force is anticipated to have a substantial impact on stochastic diffusive motion; however, the predicted repercussions have yet to be demonstrated, even qualitatively. Here we demonstrate enhanced thermally-activated diffusive motion of skyrmions in a specifically designed synthetic antiferromagnet. Suppressing the effective gyrotropic force by tuning the angular momentum compensation leads to a more than 10 times enhanced diffusion coefficient compared to that of ferromagnetic skyrmions. Consequently, our findings not only demonstrate the gyro-force dependence of the diffusion coefficient but also enable ultimately energy-efficient unconventional stochastic computing.
Measuring Chern numbers in Hofstadter strips
Creators: name: Mugel, Samuel
name: Dauphin, Alexandre
name: Massignan, Pietro
name: Tarruell, Leticia
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Lobo, Carlos
name: Celi, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically non-trivial Hamiltonians with periodic boundary conditions are characterized by strictly quantized invariants. Open questions and fundamental challenges concern their existence, and the possibility of measuring them in systems with open boundary conditions and limited spatial extension. Here, we consider transport in Hofstadter strips, that is, two-dimensional lattices pierced by a uniform magnetic flux which extend over few sites in one of the spatial dimensions. As we show, an atomic wavepacket exhibits a transverse displacement under the action of a weak constant force. After one Bloch oscillation, this displacement approaches the quantized Chern number of the periodic system in the limit of vanishing tunneling along the transverse direction. We further demonstrate that this scheme is able to map out the Chern number of ground and excited bands, and we investigate the robustness of the method in presence of both disorder and harmonic trapping. Our results prove that topological invariants can be measured in Hofstadter strips with open boundary conditions and as few as three sites along one direction.
description: v1: 17 pages, 10 figures; v2: minor changes, reference added, SciPost style, 26 pages, 10 figures; v3: published version
Shear banding in large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOStrain and LAOStress) of soft glassy materials
Creators: name: Radhakrishnan, Rangarajan
name: Fielding, Suzanne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically shear banding in soft glassy materials subject to large amplitude time-periodic shear flows, considering separately the protocols of large amplitude oscillatory shear strain, large amplitude square or triangular or sawtooth strain rate, and large amplitude oscillatory shear stress. In each case, we find shear banding to be an important part of the material's flow response for a broad range of values of the frequency $ω$ and amplitude of the imposed oscillation. Crucially, and highly counterintuitively, in the glass phase this persists even to the lowest frequencies accessible numerically (that seems consistent with it persisting even when $ω\to 0$), although the soft glassy rheology model we use has an underlying monotonic constitutive curve of shear stress as a function of shear rate, and is therefore unable to support shear banding as its steady state response at constant shear rate. We attribute this to the repeated competition, within each flow cycle, of glassy aging and flow rejuvenation. Besides reporting significant banding in the glass phase, where the flow curve has a yield stress, we also observe it at noise temperatures just above the glass point, where the flow curve is of power law fluid form. Thus, our results suggest a predisposition to shear banding in flows of even extremely slow time-variation, for both aging yield stress fluids, and for power law fluids with sluggish relaxation timescales. We show that shear banding can have a pronounced effect on the shape of the Lissajous-Bowditch curves that are commonly used to fingerprint complex fluids rheologically. We therefore counsel caution in seeking to compute such curves calculations that impose upfront a homogeneous shear flow, discarding the possibility of banding. We also analyze the stress response to the imposed strain waveforms in terms of a `sequence of physical processes'.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures