cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Changes in Retirement Decisions: Determinants of Plans and Timing
Creators: name: Giuriceo, Katherine Dodge
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Change
Generalized Estimating Equations
Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
Multilelvel Modeling
Pre-retirees
Retirement Expectations

description: Purpose:  This study examined dynamic factors in a worker's background, resources, jobs or health which influence their expectations about future decisions to work or retire at ages 62 or 65, as well as how these influences and expected timing change as the individual approaches retirement. Design and Methods :   Employing a conceptual framework based on Andersen's (1995) model of health care utilization, the first research question used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to determine which predictors were associated with workers' expected retirement timing.  The second question examined changes in expectations over time in response to changes in predictors, using a two-level approach modeled on Singer and Willett (2003).  Utilizing the Core sample of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS); data on 5,989 individuals (48.3% female) were examined longitudinally across seven waves, 1992 and 2006. Results:    For research question one, female gender was associated with a lower expectations to continue working at both early (62), and normal (65) retirement ages.  Non-married status had a similar effect for 62 but not for age 65.  Differences emerged among sub-groups with non-married females reporting greater plans to continue working at both retirement ages; non-married blacks however were less likely to report plans to continue working at age 65 only.  Non-whites with poorer subjective health or health that limited work were less likely to expect to work at age 62, but there was no impact on plans for age 65.  Changes were also important. Leaving married status was linked with changes in plans to work at 65 but not 62.  Gaining employer sponsored benefits (pension and health coverage) increased likelihood of continued work at both ages. Implications:     Findings confirmed that known predictors of retirement decisions are also associated with workers' expectations well before retirement age is reached.  Andersen's model was useful for understanding the dynamic process leading up to retirement.   Results also support the importance of employer sponsored benefits, such as pension and health insurance, on changes in plans as individuals approach retirement.  Policy makers interested in prolonging work lives should look to modifiable factors (pensions and health insurance), which may impact retirement timing.
A Study of Employee Assistance Programs in Higher Education Institutions
Creators: name: Madron, Daniel Jay
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: academic
EAP
health

description: In this dissertation, a newer understanding of modern higher education institutional EAPs is discussed. The paper begins by explaining that the goals of EAPs are to keep employees with poor health from becoming ill and to improve health toward a positive state.  EAPs are defined and broken down by type, including internal, external, and hybrid EAPs. Then, the difference in the mission and supervision between academic and corporate cultures is offered. The current focus of EAPs is on mental health services instead of the earlier focus on alcohol abuse treatment. In order to form hypotheses and help create the survey, pre-survey interviews were conducted with two EAP directors. The sample consisted of EAP directors that belonged to an organization (IAEAPE) dedicated to employee assistance excellence in higher education institutions. The overwhelming majority of the respondents reported having an internal EAP, whereas nearly half of the non-respondents had external EAPs. As hypothesized, modern EAPs in public and private institutions of all sizes are focusing on mental health services, with over 85% of the respondents reporting that they offered 6 or more mental health services. Also, 76% of EAPs reported having a staff member with a social work background. It was hypothesized that larger institutions would offer more services; instead EAPs from both small and large institutions reporting offering the same amount of services. EAPs in private institutions were more likely than public ones to offer more services, and both faculty and staff were more likely to use services more frequently in the private institutions. However, faculty use EAP services much less frequently than staff regardless of size or public/private status. Whites were far more likely than any other race to be reported by EAP directors as using their services frequently. Females were also more likely than males to use the EAP services frequently. Because these groups are not using services equally, it is important that EAPs market and tailor services for these infrequent users. The paper concludes with an assessment of the current state and future direction of EAPs.
Affinity, Kinetics, and Pathways of Anisotropic Ligands Binding to Hydrophobic Model Pockets
Creators: name: Weiß, R. Gregor
name: Chudoba, Richard
name: Setny, Piotr
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using explicit-water molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a generic pocket-ligand model we investigate how chemical and shape anisotropy of small ligands influences the affinities, kinetic rates and pathways for their association to hydrophobic binding sites. In particular, we investigate aromatic compounds, all of similar molecular size, but distinct by various hydrophilic or hydrophobic residues. We demonstrate that the most hydrophobic sections are in general desolvated primarily upon binding to the cavity, suggesting that specific hydration of the different chemical units can steer the orientation pathways via a `hydrophobic torque'. Moreover, we find that ligands with bimodal orientation fluctuations have significantly increased kinetic barriers for binding compared to the kinetic barriers previously observed for spherical ligands due to translational fluctuations. We exemplify that these kinetic barriers, which are ligand specific, impact both binding and unbinding times for which we observe considerable differences between our studied ligands.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, plus Supporting Information
The Role of Elevated Dissolved versus Foliar Nitrogen on Leaf  Litter Processing in Stream Ecosystems
Creators: name: Li, Jennifer J
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011

description: Nutrient pollution can enrich waterways and riparian vegetation via assimilation and transformation into new biomass.  Since leaf litter is the primary energy source to shaded streams and microbial immobilization of nutrients can increase its quality as a food resource, alterations could change ecosystem processing of detritus.  My goal was to understand the relative importance of these nutrient sources to decomposition and the interactive role macroinvertebrates play in litter breakdown.  I experimentally enriched Reed Canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea
Possible relationship between mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress under low dose-rate irradiation
Creators: name: Meng, Qingmei
name: Zaharieva, Elena Karamfilova
name: Sasatani, Megumi
name: Kobayashi, Junya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objectives: High dose-rate ionizing radiation (IR) causes severe DSB damage, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress. However, it is unknown what biological processes are affected by low dose-rate IR; therefore, the molecular relationships between mitochondria changes and oxidative stress in human normal cells was investigated after low dose-rate IR. Methods: We compared several cellular response between high and low dose-rate irradiation using cell survival assay, ROS/RNS assay, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Results: Reduced DSB damage and increased levels of ROS, with subsequent oxidative stress responses, were observed in normal cells after low dose-rate IR. Low dose-rate IR caused several mitochondrial changes, including morphology mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that mitochondrial damage was caused. Although damaged mitochondria were removed by mitophagy to stop ROS leakage, the mitophagy-regulatory factor, PINK1, was reduced following low dose-rate IR. Although mitochondrial dynamics (fission/fusion events) are important for the proper mitophagy process, some mitochondrial fusion factors decreased following low dose-rate IR. Discussion: The dysfunction of mitophagy pathway under low dose-rate IR increased ROS and the subsequent activation of the oxidative stress response.
Equation of state of strongly magnetized matter with hyperons and $Δ$-resonances
Creators: name: Thapa, Vivek Baruah
name: Sinha, Monika
name: Li, Jia-Jie
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new equation of state for the baryonic matter under an intense magnetic field within the framework of covariant density functional theory. The composition of matter includes hyperons as well as $ Δ$-resonances. The extension of the nucleonic functional to the hypernuclear sector is constrained by the experimental data on $Λ$ and $Ξ$-hypernuclei. We find that the equation of state stiffens with the inclusion of the magnetic field, which increases the maximum mass of neutron star compared to the non-magnetic case. In addition, the strangeness fraction in the matter is enhanced. Several observables, like the Dirac effective mass, particle abundances, etc show typical oscillatory behavior as a function of the magnetic field and/or density which is traced back to the occupation pattern of Landau levels.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Accepted in journal "Particles", Corrected some typos. Matches with published version
A Long Look at the Be/X-Ray Binaries of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Galache, J. L.
name: Corbet, R. H. D.
name: Coe, M. J.
name: Laycock, S.
name: Schurch, M. P. E.
name: Markwardt, C.
name: Marshall, F. E.
name: Lochner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have monitored 41 Be/X-ray binary systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud over ~9 years using PCA-RXTE data from a weekly survey program. The resulting light curves were analysed in search of orbital modulations with the result that 10 known orbital ephemerides were confirmed and refined, while 10 new ones where determined. A large number of X-ray orbital profiles are presented for the first time, showing similar characteristics over a wide range of orbital periods. Lastly, three pulsars: SXP46.4, SXP89.0 and SXP165 were found to be misidentifications of SXP46.6, SXP91.1 and SXP169, respectively.
description: 28 pages, 65 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
THE THERAPEUTIC BOND AS A MODERATOR OF BASELINE PROCESS VARIABLES AND CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS IN THE COMBINE STUDY
Creators: name: Petersen, Angela
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Client characteristics
COMBINE Study
Process variables
Therapeutic Bond

description: The interaction between client characteristics and client perception of bond and its effect on drinking during treatment has not been well researched.  This study conducted secondary data analyses using the COMBINE Study data to explore: 1) the relation between client perception of bond and drinking outcomes during treatment and 2) client perception of bond as a moderator of the effects of baseline readiness to change, abstinence self-efficacy, and psychological distress on during treatment drinking.  Separate analyses were run for the individuals receiving Medication Management (N = 974) and a subsample who also received the Combined Behavioral Intervention (N = 459).  Regression analyses were conducted to determine if client perception of bond was a significant predictor of PDA and DDD during 16 weeks of treatment, followed by a series of moderated hierarchical multiple regression models to examine client perception of bond as a moderator of the effects of baseline readiness to change, abstinence self-efficacy, and psychological distress on drinking outcomes.  The three key baseline variables were analyzed separately to facilitate interpretation of the results.  No significant results emerged from these analyses.  Future research may consider more inclusive measures of the alliance and trials that do not include pharmacotherapy interventions to further assess the relations between the alliance, baseline client characteristics, and drinking during treatment.
No More Handshaking: How have COVID-19 pushed the expansion of computer-mediated communication in Japanese idol culture?
Creators: name: Yakura, Hiromu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Japanese idol culture, meet-and-greet events where fans were allowed to handshake with an idol member for several seconds were regarded as its essential component until the spread of COVID-19. Now, idol groups are struggling in the transition of such events to computer-mediated communication because these events had emphasized meeting face-to-face over communicating, as we can infer from their length of time. I anticipated that investigating this emerging transition would provide implications because their communication has a unique characteristic that is distinct from well-studied situations, such as workplace communication and intimate relationships. Therefore, I first conducted a quantitative survey to develop a precise understanding of the transition, and based on its results, had semi-structured interviews with idol fans about their perceptions of the transition. The survey revealed distinctive approaches, including one where fans gathered at a venue but were isolated from the idol member by an acrylic plate and talked via a video call. Then the interviews not only provided answers to why such an approach would be reasonable but also suggested the existence of a large gap between conventional offline events and emerging online events in their perceptions. Based on the results, I discussed how we can develop interaction techniques to support this transition and how we can apply it to other situations outside idol culture, such as computer-mediated performing arts.
description: To appear in ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21), May 8-13, 2021, Yokohama, Japan
Gravity duals to deformed SYM theories and Generalized Complex Geometry
Creators: name: Minasian, Ruben
name: Petrini, Michela
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the supersymmetry conditions for a class of SU(2) structure backgrounds of Type IIB supergravity, corresponding to a specific ansatz for the supersymmetry parameters. These backgrounds are relevant for the AdS/CFT correspondence since they are suitable to describe mass deformations or beta-deformations of four-dimensional superconformal gauge theories. Using Generalized Complex Geometry we show that these geometries are characterized by a closed nowhere-vanishing vector field and a modified fundamental form which is also closed. The vector field encodes the information about the superpotential and the type of deformation - mass or beta respectively. We also show that the Pilch-Warner solution dual to a mass-deformation of N =4 Super Yang-Mills and the Lunin-Maldacena beta-deformation of the same background fall in our class of solutions.
description: LaTex, 29 pages
"Im Spannungsfeld von Schöpfung, Skepsis und Fortschritt: Wissenschaft in Verantwortung für die Zukunft unserer Gesellschaft"
Creators: name: Hoch, Michael
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 69 Nr. 1 (2020): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 69, Heft 1
Non-integrability in AdS$_3$ vacua
Creators: name: Rigatos, Konstantinos S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We ask the question of classical integrability for certain (classes of) supergravity vacua that contain an AdS$_3$ factor arising in massive IIA and IIB theories and realizing various and different amounts of supersymmetry. Our approach is based on a well-established method of analytic non-integrability for Hamiltonian systems. To detect a non-integrable sector we consider a non-trivially wrapped string soliton and study its fluctuations. We answer in the negative for each and every one of the supergravity solutions. That is, of course, modulo very specific limits where the metrics reduce to the AdS$_3 \times$ S$^3 \times \tilde{S}^3 \times$ S$^1$ and AdS$_3 \times$ S$^3 \times$ T$^4$ solutions which are known to be integrable.
description: 40 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Dijital Okuryazarlık Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Creators: name: Gülmez, Rukiye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bu araştırmanın amacı; sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık beceri düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenlerle ele alarak incelemek ve değerlendirmektir. Araştırma nicel araştırma desenlerinden betimsel tarama modeli temel alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada uygun/elverişli örneklem seçim tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Marmara bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitede öğrenim görmekte olan sosyal bilgiler eğitimi öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının mevcut dijital okuryazarlık beceri düzeylerini ortaya koymak ve sınıf kademelerindeki farkı görebilmek için bu örneklem grubu tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı olarak Bayrakcı ve Narmanlıoğlu (2021) tarafından geliştirilen “Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler SPSS 20 paket programı ile araştırmanın soruları ve amacı doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; ilgili öğretmen adaylarının dijital okur yazarlık becerilerinin yüksek olduğu, sosyal medya platformlarını aktif olarak kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Direct evidence for the suppression of charge stripes in epitaxial La$_{1.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$NiO$_4$ thin films
Creators: name: Xie, C. K.
name: Budnick, J. I.
name: Hines, W. A.
name: Wells, B. O.
name: He, Feizhou
name: Moodenbaugh, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have successfully grown epitaxial La$_{1.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$NiO$_4$ films with a small crystalline mosaic using pulsed laser deposition. With synchrotron radiation, the x-ray diffraction peaks associated with charge stripes have been successfully observed for relatively thick films. Anomalies due to the charge-ordering transition have been examined using four-point probe resistivity measurements. X-ray scattering provides direct evidence for suppression of the stripe phase in thin samples; the phase disappears for film thicknesses $\leqslant$ 2600 ~Å. The suppression appears to be a result of shrinking the stripe phase domains. This may reflect the stripe phase progressing from nematic to isotropic.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Synthesis of New Lithium- and Monoamine-Intercalated Superconductors Li$_x$(C$_n$H$_{2n+3}$N)$_y$Fe$_{1-z}$Se ($n$ = 6, 8, 18) with the Dramatically Expanded Interlayer Spacing
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Chika
name: Noji, Takashi
name: Sato, Kazuki
name: Kawamata, Takayuki
name: Kato, Masatsune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New superconductors, Li$_x$(C$_n$H$_{2n+3}$N)$_y$Fe$_{1-z}$Se ($n$ = 6, 8, 18), have been synthesized via the co-intercalation of linear monoamines together with Li into FeSe. The distance between neighboring Fe layers expands up to 55.7 Å for n = 18, which is much larger than the previous record of 19 Å in the FeSe-based intercalation superconductors. Tc remains saturated at $\sim$42 K.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE IN IBN SINA'S PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS
Creators: name: Izzatullaeva, Gavhar
name: Samandarova, D.I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the article, Abu Ali ibn Sina, one of the great scholars of the Eastern Renaissance, deeply studied the theory of knowledge and perception in his philosophical teachings. The views of the thinker, such as internal and external perception and imagination, are also covered.
Chiral loop corrections to strong decays of positive and negative parity charmed mesons
Creators: name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Kamenik, Jernej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider chiral loop corrections to the effective couplings which describe the strong interactions of two heavy mesons of even or odd parities and a light pseudoscalar meson, within a framework which combines heavy quark effective theory and chiral perturbation theory. The strong couplings are extracted from the experimental results for the decay widths, after including chiral corrections. We find that the introduction of positive parity heavy meson fields into the framework gives relevant contributions to the chiral loop corrections of the effective couplings. The counterterms' contributions are studied by making a randomized fit distribution of the relevant couplings at mu = 1 GeV. Then we discuss the chiral extrapolation based on calculated loop contributions. The inclusion of positive parity mesons in the chiral loops is found to be important for the lattice QCD studies of charm meson properties, where the knowledge of chiral limit behavior is required.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, version as published
Experimental characterization of quantum processes: a selective and efficient method in arbitrary finite dimension
Creators: name: Stefano, Quimey Pears
name: Perito, Ignacio
name: Varga, Juan José Miguel
name: Rebón, Lorena
name: Iemmi, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temporal evolution of a quantum system can be characterized by quantum process tomography, a complex task that consumes a number of physical resources scaling exponentially with the number of subsystems. An alternative approach to the full reconstruction of a quantum channel allows selecting which coefficient from its matrix description to measure, and how accurately, reducing the amount of resources to be polynomial. The possibility of implementing this method is closely related to the possibility of building a complete set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) whose existence is known only when the dimension of the Hilbert space is the power of a prime number. However, an extension of the method that uses tensor products of maximal sets of MUBs, has been introduced recently. Here we explicitly describe how to implement this algorithm to selectively and efficiently estimate any parameter characterizing a quantum process in a non-prime power dimension, and we conducted for the first time an experimental verification of the method in a Hilbert space of dimension $d=6$. That is the small space for which there is no known a complete set of MUBs but it can be decomposed as a tensor product of two other Hilbert spaces of dimensions $D_1=2$ and $D_2=3$, for which a complete set of MUBs is known. The $6$-dimensional states were codified in the discretized transverse momentum of the photon wavefront. The state preparation and detection stages are dynamically programmed with the use of only-phase spatial light modulators, in a versatile experimental setup that allows to implement the algorithm in any finite dimension.
İlk, Orta ve Lise Öğrencilerinde "Peygamber" Algısı
Creators: name: Kılıç, Fatma Nur
name: Arslan, Ekrem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bu çalışmada, ilk, orta ve lise kademesindeki öğrencilerin   ”peygamber” kavramına ilişkin algılarını, metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. İlk, orta ve lise düzeyindeki öğrencilere uygulanan yapılandırılmış görüşme formlarında “Peygamber deyince ne anlıyorsunuz? Bir canlıya ya da bir nesneye benzetseniz, neye benzetirdiniz? Niçin?” soruları yöneltilerek cevaplamaları istenmiş, elde edilen bilgiler ışığında öğrencilerin “peygamber” kavramına yükledikleri doğru ve yanlış anlamlar mecazlar aracılığıyla, temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerle kodlar oluşturulmuş, daha sonra alt tema ve temalara ulaşılmıştır. Toplamda ilk, orta ve lise düzeyinden 562 öğrenci ile çalışma tamamlanmış olup,  “Peygamber” kavramının ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin zihninde oluşturduğu anlamlandırmalar; peygamberin görevi dışındaki özellikleri, fiziksel özellikler, bireyler arası ilişkiler, değer ve karakter özellikleri, peygamber sıfatları ve anlamlandırma olmak üzere altı kategori/tema altında toplanarak değerlendirilmiştir.
COVID-19-Krankheitslast in Deutschland im Jahr 2020
Creators: name: Rommel, Alexander
name: Von Der Lippe, Elena
name: Plaß, Dietrich
name: Ziese, Thomas
name: Diercke, Michaela
name: An Der Heiden, Matthias
name: Haller, Sebastian
name: Wengler, Annelene
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Hintergrund: Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat im Jahr 2020 das Gesundheitswesen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. Die COVID-19-Krankheitslast lässt sich durch den Verlust an Lebensjahren durch Krankheit oder Tod ausdrücken. Dabei gehen beispielsweise durch Versterben im Alter von 40 Jahren deutlich mehr Le-bensjahre verloren als bei Tod mit 80 Jahren.Methode: Auf Basis laborbestätigter SARS-CoV-2-Meldefälle im Jahr 2020 (Daten-stand 18. Januar 2021) werden durch Tod verlorene Lebensjahre („years of life lost“, YLL) und durch gesundheitliche Einschränkungen verlorene Lebensjahre („years lived with disability“, YLD) zur Krankheitslast insgesamt („disability- adjusted life years“, DALY) aufsummiert. Die Methodik ist angelehnt an die „Global Burden of Disease“-Studie. Bestehende Vorerkrankungen werden bei der Berechnung der YLL nicht berücksichtigt. Die angelegte Restlebenserwartung berücksichtigt aber ein mittleres altersspezifisches Niveau an Morbidität.Ergebnisse: Im Jahr 2020 gingen in Deutschland 305 641 Lebensjahre durch COVID-19 verloren. Bei Männern entfielen 34,8 % der DALY auf Personen unter 70 Jahre, bei Frauen 21,0 %. 99,3 % dieser Krankheitslast machten verlorene Lebens-jahre durch Versterben aus (YLL). Die durch COVID-19 im Tagesmittel entstandene Krankheitslast durch Versterben lag unter der für wichtige nichtübertragbare Erkran-kungen. Eine verstorbene Person verlor im Mittel etwa 9,6 Lebensjahre, Personen unter 70 Jahre verloren 25,2 Lebensjahre. Männer hatten durch Tod einen größeren Verlust an Lebenszeit als Frauen (11,0 versus 8,1 Jahre).Schlussfolgerung: Die Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Bevölkerungsgesund-heit lassen sich mit den Indikatoren der Krankheitslast verdeutlichen. Die Methode liefert damit zusätzliche Erkenntnisse, die für künftige Ausbrüche frühzeitig genutzt werden sollten.
Nonlocal Homogenization Model for a Periodic Array of Epsilon-Negative Rods
Creators: name: Silveirinha, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective permittivity model to homogenize an array of long thin epsilon-negative rods arranged in a periodic lattice. It is proved that the effect of spatial dispersion in this electromagnetic crystal cannot be neglected, and that the medium supports dispersionless modes that guide the energy along the rod axes. It is suggested that this effect may be used to achieve sub-wavelength imaging at the infrared and optical domains. The reflection problem is studied in detail for the case in which the rods are parallel to the interfaces. Full wave numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the new model.
description: (10 pages)
Investigations on oil shale particle reactions
Creators: name: Lisbôa, Antonio Carlos Luz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Oil shale research and development has grown in the shadow of the petroleum industry. The uncertainty of petroleum prices, its growing worldwide consumption and limited availability have, motivated many oil shale rich countries to investigate means to produce and use shale oil as an alternative. On the other hand, high shale oil costs, its processing complexities and relatively stable petroleum prices have hampered the establishment of the shale oil industry. Oil is recovered from shale via endothermic reactions, heat for which is generated by combustion of the residual carbon in the spent shale. Oil shale pyrolysers and combustors have generally been designed on an empirical basis. The objective of this work was to produce working mathematical models of raw shale pyrolysis and spent shale combustion, adequate to describe the mechanism by which these reactions occur within oil shale particles, and to investigate the parameters involved. Among these, the most relevant and difficult to obtain are the kinetic ones. Verified models for single particles can then be used to describe oil shale particle reactions in any reactor configuration. A three-dimensional model was developed to describe the transient temperature profile within a cubic shaped shale particle. Also a model for shale devolatilization is presented, based on an unreacted core mechanism. Both models are especially apt for large particles, of the type used in moving bed reactors. A thorough investigation was conducted about the equipment and methods used to obtain pyrolysis kinetic parameters. A standard thermogravimetric apparatus was used to generate these data for two shales: New Brunswick shale, and shale from the Irati Formation in Brazil. The potential of a first order—on kerogen concentration—rate equation to represent shale devolatilization was assessed. A one-dimensional model was developed to describe the transient temperature profile and carbon and oxygen concentration within a particle of spent shale undergoing combustion. The model assumed that oxygen was able to access any part of the particle's interior. Kinetic parameters for shale combustion were also obtained by thermogravimetry using Irati shale. The first order dependence of the combustion process on oxygen concentration was confirmed, and kinetic parameters as a function of temperature were extracted from the results. The models were solved using the method of lines, a standard numerical method for solving sets of parabolic partial differential equations. It was implemented in conjunction with the finite difference method. Models for larger particles were verified by heating and devolatilization experiments with 1.3 cm wide particles suspended in a tube furnace. Most of the experimental work addressed two different shales; one from New Brunswick, Canada, and the other from the Irati Formation, in Brazil.
Ground states of spin-3 Bose-Einstein condensates for conserved magnetization
Creators: name: Mäkelä, Harri
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the ground states and ground state phase diagrams of Bose-Einstein condensates of spin-3 atoms under the assumption of conserved magnetization. We especially concentrate on the ground states of a chromium condensate. In chromium the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction enables magnetization changing collisions, but in a strong magnetic field these are suppressed. In the calculation of the phase diagrams we neglect the contribution from the dipole-dipole interaction, but discuss its effects at the end of the paper. We show that the ground state of a chromium condensate does not seem to depend on whether or not the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into attention.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, published version
Urmiatherium rugosifrons
Creators: name: Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.
name: Karakütük, Seval
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Urmiatherium
Urmiatherium rugosifrons

description: Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932)
Fig. 13.
Material. —MYŞE PV-1182, partial opisthocranium; MYŞE PV-2503, frontlet; MYŞE PV-2504, frontlet of young individual; MYŞE PV-2599, axis+3 rd cervical vertebra; MYŞE PV-2506, axis; MYŞE PV-2505, 3 rd cervical vertebra (possibly representing the same individual as MYŞE PV-2505). All from Şerefköy-2, Turkey, Late Turolian (Late Miocene).
Description. —This bizarre species is represented by at least two individuals and can unambiguously be identified based on (i) its small size (Table 5); (ii) strong cranio-facial flexion;
iii) strongly elevated, thick and pneumatised frontals; (iv) an extremely shortened opisthocranium; (v) a reduced parietal forming an obtuse angle with the occipital plane; (vi) an enlarged and thickened occipital with large occipital condyles and a dorsally-facing occiput; (vii) a thickened basioccipital with strong and completely fused posterior tuberosities, thus forming an additional, oval facet for the atlas (Fig. 13C); and viii) thick, short, and moderately homonymously twisted and grooved horn cores, originating very close from each other and—in juveniles—bearing wide and well-defined lateral depressions (Fig. 13A, B).
Remarks.— Urmiatherium rugosifrons is the only representative of its genus from Asia Minor. Besides Şerefköy-2, the species is only known from the neighbouring site of Salihpaşalar (Kaya et al. 2012) and the Turolian of Samos e.g., Solounias 1981; Kostopoulos 2009a, 2014; Jafarzadeh et al. 2011; Table 5). Other possible occurrences of the genus at Garkın, Kınık (Afyon) and Kayadibi (Konya) in mid-western Anatolia (Alan 1997; Saraç 2003) still need to be confirmed.
Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Upper Miocene; Asia Minor.
description: Published as part of Kostopoulos, Dimitris S. & Karakütük, Seval, 2015, Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy- 2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province, pp. 49-66 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.4202/app.2012.0129, http://zenodo.org/record/10626287
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecindeki Mesleki Yeterliliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Creators: name: Kırtel, Ayşegül
name: Coşkun Keskin, Sevgi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sosyal bilgiler eğitimi, öğretmen yeterlikleri, uzaktan eğitim

description: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ile birlikte öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri yeniden düzenlenmiş, tanımlanmış ve fakülte-okul işbirliği artırılmıştır. Lisans programları; Öğretmenlik Meslek Bilgisi derslerinin %30-35; Genel Kültür derslerinin %15 - 20 ve Alan Eğitimi derslerinin de %45-50 oranında yer aldığı çekirdek bir program oluşturulmuştur. Bu yeterlilikler yüz yüze eğitimde uygulanmaktadır. Ancak tüm dünyada yaşanan farklı olumsuz durumlar snedeniyle zorunlu olarak uzaktan eğitim süreci başlamıştır. Bu durum sonucunda öğretmen yeterliklerinin sağlanması sorunu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını; Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde yer alan 4 (dört) farklı devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde yer alan sosyal bilgiler eğitimi son sınıfta eğitim gören 40 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların seçiminde örnekleme stratejilerinden amaçlı örnekleme türünde maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme stratejisi kullanılmıştır. Örneklem grubu oluşturulurken katılımcıların hem uzaktan eğitim döneminde hem de sonraki süreçte öğrenim hayatlarına devam etmeleri göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, yarı- yapılandırılmış görüş alma formu ile elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılara öğretmen yeterlikleri kapsamında; alan bilgisi, öğretmenlik mevzuat bilgisi, ders planı hazırlama, öğrenme ortamları hazırlama, ölçme ve değerlendirme etkinlikleri hazırlama, öğrenciye yaklaşım becerileri, gelişim bilgisi ve paydaşlarla etkileşim hakkında sorular yönetilmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizinden elde edilen bulgular sonucunda katılımcıların; % 60’ının kendilerini yeterli, %29’unun kendilerini yetersiz buldukları  ve %11’inin kararsız olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır
Strain Effects on Band Structure and Dirac Nodal-line Morphology of ZrSiSe
Creators: name: Rendy, Bernardus
name: Hasdeo, Eddwi H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac nodal-line semimetals (DNLS) are new promising materials for technological applications due to its exotic properties, which originate from band structures dispersion and nodal-line behavior. We report a study on effects of several possibilities of strains in ZrSiSe DNLS on band structure dispersion and nodal-line behavior through the means of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We found that the Dirac nodal-line of ZrSiSe is robust to all strain with reasonable magnitude. Although, there are significant changes in gap, amplitude, and energy relative to Fermi energy. We also found the effective strains to tune the nodal-line and band structures are equi-biaxial tensile, uniaxial (100) tensile, and uniaxial (110) tensile strain.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures; Corrected formatting
Investigation of the Chaotic Dynamics of an Electron Beam with a Virtual Cathode in an External Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Egorov, E. N.
name: Hramov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the strength of the focusing magnetic field on chaotic dynamic processes occurring inan electron beam with a virtual cathode, as well as on the processes whereby the structures form in the beamand interact with each other, is studied by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations based on solving a self-consistent set of Vlasov-Maxwell equations. It is shown that, as the focusing magnetic field is decreased,the dynamics of an electron beam with a virtual cathode becomes more complicated due to the formation andinteraction of spatio-temporal longitudinal and transverse structures in the interaction region of a vircator. The optimum efficiency of the interaction of an electron beam with the electromagnetic field of the vircator isachieved at a comparatively weak external magnetic field and is determined by the fundamentally two-dimensional nature of the motion of the beam electrons near the virtual cathode.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Enhanced Transmission and Reflection of Femtosecond Pulses by a Single Slit
Creators: name: Mechler, M.
name: Samek, O.
name: Kukhlevsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a physical mechanism responsible for the enhanced transmission and reflection of femtosecond pulses by a single subwavelength nanoslit in a thick metallic film is the Fabry-Perot-like resonant excitation of stationary, quasistationary and nonstationary waves inside the slit, which leads to the field enhancement inside and around the slit. The mechanism is universal for any pulse-scatter system, which supports the stationary resonances. We point out that there is a pulse duration limit below which the slit does not support the intraslit resonance.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Simple Lie superalgebras and nonintegrable distributions in characteristic p
Creators: name: Bouarroudj, Sofiane
name: Leites, Dimitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B50; 70F25

description: Recently, Grozman and Leites returned to the original Cartan's description of Lie algebras to interpret the Melikyan algebras (for p<7) and several other little-known simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields for p=3 as subalgebras of Lie algebras of vector fields preserving nonintegrable distributions analogous to (or identical with) those preserved by G(2), O(7), Sp(4) and Sp(10). The description was performed in terms of Cartan-Tanaka-Shchepochkina prolongs using Shchepochkina's algorithm and with the help of SuperLie package. Grozman and Leites also found two new series of simple Lie algebras. Here we apply the same method to distributions preserved by one of the two exceptional simple finite dimensional Lie superalgebras over C; for p=3, we obtain a series of new simple Lie superalgebras and an exceptional one.
description: 10 pages; no figures
QMEANDisCo – Distance constraints applied on model quality estimation
Creators: name: Studer, Gabriel
name: Rempfer, Christine
name: Waterhouse, Andrew
name: Gumienny, Rafal
name: Juergen Haas
name: Schwede, Torsten
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Modelling methods, in particular homology / comparative modelling, have established themselves as a valuable complement to structural analysis when experimental data are missing. While such methods have matured into pipelines that can generate models for almost any protein automatically, the quality of the generated models can be highly variable and hard to estimate in the absence of experimental observables. This is a major concern as the range of applications for which a model can be used directly depends on its quality, hence the importance of quality estimation methods.

Here we present the recent advances in QMEANDisCo. QMEANDisCo is the default quality estimation method employed by the SWISS-MODEL homology modelling server. It is a composite score relying on a combination of knowledge based terms and a new distance constraint (DisCo) score. DisCo assesses the agreement between observed pairwise distances in a model with an ensemble of constraints extracted from experimentally determined structures that are homologous to the model being assessed. All scores are combined with feed-forward neural networks to predict local per-residue scores.

QMEANDisCo is continuously benchmarked within the CAMEO project and participated in CASP13. For both, it ranks among the top performers and excels with low runtimes.
A PLACE TO FIT IN: RUSSIAN JEWISH RADICALISM AND ITS MIGRATION TO AMERICA
Creators: name: Altman, Adam Horton
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Jewish
Radicalism
Russian

description: During the early twentieth century in the United States the foundation of the Jewish labor movement began with university educated radical Jewish immigrants.   While in Russia these Jewish students helped foment the radical student movement of the 1860s during the reign of Alexander II.  When they left Russia, they brought the gospel of proletarian rights to the United States, which eventually created changes in the workplace such as better working conditions, less working hours, and better wages for workers.  I will trace the steps of the American Jewish Labor movement starting with the radicalization of the shtetls in Russia and explain what happened to radicalize the small towns.  I will then follow young Jews who left the shtetl beginning in the 1860s to attend Russian Universities, and how they helped radicalize universities during the student movements of that time.  Lastly, I will elucidate the role Jewish student immigrants played in the formation of labor unions within the United States during the early nineteenth century.
ESSAYS ON THE ECONOMICS OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS: PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND IMPACT OF ADHERENCE
Creators: name: Roebuck, Mark Christopher
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: health economics
health services research
medication adherence
pharmacoeconomics
prescription drug utilization
price elasticity

description: ABSTRACT By 2014, national health expenditures are expected to exceed $3 trillion dollars in the United States as an estimated 22 million individuals gain health insurance coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Keehan et al., 2012).  In this recovering--perhaps fragile--economy, public and private plan sponsors are seeking ways of reigning in health care costs, while maintaining access to and quality of care.  New vintages of prescription drugs have provided attractive returns on investment (e.g., Lichtenberg, 2008).  Yet, nearly half of the 133 million Americans living with at least one chronic disease (CDC, 2010) do not take their medications as directed by their treatment providers (WHO, 2003).  This public health problem of patient nonadherence reportedly costs the U.S. health care system $290 billion annually (NEHI, 2009). This dissertation is comprised of three essays that examine the economics of prescription drugs.  Specifically, the value of medication adherence is estimated in terms of its offsetting effects on the utilization and costs of other health services.  The impact of adherence on worker absenteeism and short-term disability is also investigated.  Finally, since patient cost-sharing is often cited as a key compliance barrier, the price elasticity of demand for prescription drugs is rigorously measured to gain insight into whether or not Value Based Insurance Design represents a cost-effective tool for improving medication adherence.
Mean perimeter and area of the convex hull of a planar Brownian motion in the presence of resetting
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Mori, Francesco
name: Schawe, Hendrik
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute exactly the mean perimeter and the mean area of the convex hull of a $2$-d Brownian motion of duration $t$ and diffusion constant $D$, in the presence of resetting to the origin at a constant rate $r$. We show that for any $t$, the mean perimeter is given by $\langle L(t)\rangle= 2 π\sqrt{\frac{D}{r}}\, f_1(rt)$ and the mean area is given by $\langle A(t) \rangle= 2π\frac{D}{r}\, f_2(rt)$ where the scaling functions $f_1(z)$ and $f_2(z)$ are computed explicitly. For large $t\gg 1/r$, the mean perimeter grows extremely slowly as $\langle L(t)\rangle \propto \ln (rt)$ with time. Likewise, the mean area also grows slowly as $\langle A(t)\rangle \propto \ln^2(rt)$ for $t\gg 1/r$. Our exact results indicate that the convex hull, in the presence of resetting, approaches a circular shape at late times. Numerical simulations are in perfect agreement with our analytical predictions.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. Comments added about the circular shape of the convex hull at large time