cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Die Beziehungen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Hans Christian Ørsted: Treffen, Briefwechsel
Creators: name: Reich, Karin
Publisher: name: HiN - Alexander von Humboldt im Netz. Internationale Zeitschrift für Humboldt-Studien
Year: 2022

description: Zusammenfassung Hans Christian Ørsted gehörte zu den bedeutendsten Physikern seiner Zeit, er und Michael Faraday waren die Schöpfer des Elektromagnetismus. Ein erstes Treffen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Oersted fand im Frühjahr 1823 in Paris statt. Weitere Treffen folgten in Altona bzw. Hamburg im Jahr 1827, in Berlin 1828, in Berlin und Potsdam 1843 sowie in Kopenhagen 1845. Die erhaltenen Briefe – zwei Briefe von Humboldt an Ørsted sowie zwei Briefentwürfe von Oersted an Humboldt – gewähren weitere Einblicke in das gute Verhältnis, das diese beiden Wissenschaftler miteinander pflegten. Obwohl Ørsted eines der treuesten Mitglieder des Göttinger Magnetischen Vereins war und beste Beziehungen zu Gauß und Weber unterhielt, spielten im „Kosmos“ Ørsteds Beiträge zum Erdmagnetismus keine Rolle, hier wurden nur Ørsteds Beiträge zum Elektromagnetismus gewürdigt. Abstract Hans Christian Ørsted was one of the most famous physicists of his time, he and Michael Faraday founded the new discipline electromagnetism. A first meeting between Alexander von Humboldt and Ørsted took place in Paris in spring 1823. Several other meetings followed, 1827 in Altona respectively Hamburg, 1828 in Berlin, 1843 in Berlin and Potsdam and 1845 in Kopenhagen. The still existing four letters, two letters from Humboldt to Ørsted and two drafts from Ørsted to Humboldt, give an insight into the relationship, the two scientists were on good terms. Though Ørsted was one of the most important members of the Göttinger Magnetic Association and a real friend of Gauss and Weber, Ørsted’s contributions to terrestrial magnetism played no role in the „Kosmos“, there Humboldt admired only Ørsted’s contributions to electromagnetism. Résumée Hans Christian Ørsted était un des plus fameux physiciens de son temps. Lui est Michael Faraday ont établi la nouvelle discipline électromagnétisme. Au printemps de l’année 1823 Alexander von Humboldt et Ørsted se sont rencontrés pour la première fois à Paris. Plusieurs autres rencontres suivaient, à Altona ou à Hambourg en 1827, à Berlin en 1828, à Berlin ou Potsdam en 1843 et à Copenhague en 1845. Les quatre lettres conserves, deux lettres de Humboldt à Ørsted et deux esquisses de Oersted à Humboldt, illustrent la bonne relation entre les deux savants. Quoique Ørsted fût en des membres les plus importants de l’Association Magnétique de Gottingue“ et un ami étroit de Gauss et de Weber, ses contributions au magnétisme terrestre ne jouaient pas de role dans le „Cosmos“, Humboldt n’y admirait que les contributions de Ørsted à l’électromagnétisme.
description: HiN - Alexander von Humboldt im Netz. Internationale Zeitschrift für Humboldt-Studien, Bd. 23 Nr. 45 (2022)
Strong CO Absorption Features in Massive ETGs
Creators: name: Eftekhari, Elham
name: La Barbera, Francesco
name: Vazdekis, Alexandre
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Knowles, Adam Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive Early-Type Galaxies (ETG) in the local Universe are believed to be the most mature stage of galaxy evolution. Their stellar population content reveals the evolutionary history of these galaxies. However, while state-of-the-art Stellar Population Synthesis (SPS) models provide an accurate description of observed galaxy spectra in the optical range, the modelling in the Near-Infrared (NIR) is still in its infancy. Here we focus on NIR CO absorption features to show, in a systematic and comprehensive manner, that for massive ETGs, all CO indices, from H through to K band, are significantly stronger than currently predicted by SPS models. We explore and discuss several possible explanations of this "CO mismatch", including the effect of intermediate-age, AGB-dominated, stellar populations, high metallicity populations, non-solar abundance ratios and the initial mass function. While none of these effects is able to reconcile models and observations, we show that ad-hoc "empirical" corrections, taking into account the effect of CO-strong giant stars in the low-temperature regime, provide model predictions that are closer to the observations. Our analysis points to the effect of carbon abundance as the most likely explanation of NIR CO line-strengths, indicating possible routes for improving the SPS models in the NIR.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Localized excitations and interactional solutions for the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations
Creators: name: Huang, Lili
name: Chen, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on nonlocal symmetry method, localized excitations and interactional solutions are investigated for the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations. The nonlocal symmetries of the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations are obtained by the truncated Painleve expansion approach and the Mobious invariant property. The nonlocal symmetries are localized to a prolonged system by introducing suitable auxiliary dependent variables. The extended system can be closed and a novel Lie point symmetry system is constructed. By solving the initial value problems, a new type of finite symmetry transformations is obtained to derive periodic waves, Ma breathers and breathers travelling on the background of periodic line waves. Then rich exact interactional solutions are derived between solitary waves and other waves including cnoidal waves, rational waves, Painleve waves, and periodic waves through similarity reductions. In particular, several new types of localized excitations including rogue waves are found, which stem from the arbitrary function generated in the process of similarity reduction. By computer numerical simulation, the dynamics of these localized excitations and interactional solutions are discussed, which exhibit meaningful structures.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1: of Dexmedetomidine and intravenous acetaminophen for the prevention of postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery (DEXACET trial): protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Puja Shankar
name: Mueller, Ariel
name: Senthil Packiasabapathy
name: Gasangwa, Doris
name: Patxot, Melissa
name: OâGara, Brian
name: Shaefi, Shahzad
name: Marcantonio, Edward
name: Balachundhar Subramaniam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist. The document represents the SPIRIT Checklist. (DOC 135 kb)
Towards NNLO Accuracy in the QCD Sum Rule for the Kaon Distribution Amplitude
Creators: name: Chetyrkin, K. G.
name: Khodjamirian, A.
name: Pivovarov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the $O(α_s)$ and $O(α_s^2)$ gluon radiative corrections to the QCD sum rule for the first Gegenbauer moment $a_1^K$ of the kaon light-cone distribution amplitude. The NNL0 accuracy is achieved for the perturbative term and quark-condensate contributions to the sum rule. A complete factorization is implemented, removing logarithms of $s$-quark mass from the coefficients in the operator-product expansion. The sum rule with radiative corrections yields $a_1^K(1 \GeV)=0.10\pm 0.04$.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Investigation of UV Absorbers on Venus Using the 283 and 365 nm Phase Curves Obtained From Akatsuki
Creators: name: Lee, Y. J.
name: García Muñoz, A.
name: Yamazaki, A.
name: Yamada, M.
name: Watanabe, S.
name: Encrenaz, T.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: The so‐called unknown absorber in the clouds of Venus is an important absorber of solar energy, but its vertical distribution remains poorly quantified. We analyze the 283 and 365 nm phase curves of the disk‐integrated albedo measured by Akatsuki. Based on our models, we find that the unknown absorber can exist either well mixed over the entire upper cloud or within a thin layer. The necessary condition to explain the 365 nm phase curve is that the unknown absorber must absorb efficiently within the cloud scale height immediately below the cloud top. Using this constraint, we attempt to extract the SO2 abundance from the 283 nm phase curve. However, we cannot disentangle the absorption by SO2 and by the unknown absorber. Considering previous SO2 abundance measurements at midinfrared wavelengths, the required absorption coefficient of the unknown absorber at 283 nm must be more than twice that at 365 nm.
description: Plain Language Summary: There is an unknown absorber in the clouds of Venus. It absorbs solar energy effectively at ultraviolet (UV) and blue wavelengths, but its vertical location, either above or below the cloud top level (about 70 km altitude), remains unclear. This uncertainty affects our understanding of the vertical deposition of solar energy in the atmosphere. We investigate the vertical distribution of the unknown absorber using the dependence of the full‐disk brightness on the scattering direction (the Sun‐Venus‐spacecraft angle) at 365 nm, with data from JAXA's Akatsuki spacecraft over 3 years. We find that the unknown absorber could exist in the entire cloud, or as a thin layer near but below the cloud top. Using these constraints on the vertical distribution of the unknown absorber, we analyze the 283 nm full‐disk brightness. At this shorter wavelength, the SO2 gas and the unknown absorber are both effective absorbers. We attempt to quantify the SO2 abundance, and find that the brightness dependence on the scattering direction alone is insufficient to separate the contribution from the two absorbers at 283 nm. Further analysis with spectral phase curve observations will better define the SO2 abundance.
description: Key Points: The vertical distribution of the unknown absorber is investigated with the aid of full‐disk phase curves at wavelengths of 283 and 365 nm First time the 283 nm full‐disk brightness phase curve of Venus is analyzed over a broad phase angle range The unknown absorber must result in sufficient absorption within the cloud scale height immediately below the cloud top
description: EC, H2020, H2020 Priority Excellent Science, H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions (MSCA) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665
An Intelligent Future Mobile Terminal Architecture
Creators: name: Bilal, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.1.3; C.2.1; C.2.3; C.2.5; D.4.4; B.3; B.4; J.7
subject: 68M10, 68M12, 94C12, 94A40, 94A14

description: In this paper, a novel Extended Cognitive Mobile Terminal (ExCogNet-MT) scheme is presented. In this scheme, a "test bench" at receiver's Mobile Terminal (MT) can estimate the channel Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and can detect the jamming signal. The estimation scheme compares the Standard Deviation (SD) of received signal and processed signal, and on the bases of this comparison the "test bench" can determine the BER and corresponding SNR value of the channel. Simulation results demonstrated that under certain scenarios estimated SNR value can be helpful for tuning the parameters of protocol stack of 802.11a and WiMaxm.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, paper presented in conference, IEEE ICIET Karachi 2010
The Column Densities of Molecular Gas across Cosmic Time: Bridging Observations and Simulations
Creators: name: Szakacs, Roland
name: Péroux, Céline
name: Zwaan, Martin A.
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Lahén, Natalia
name: Weng, Simon
name: Fresco, Alejandra Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the cosmic evolution of different gas phases across time indicate a marked increase in the molecular gas mass density towards $z\sim 2-3$. Such a transformation implies an accompanied change in the global distribution of molecular hydrogen column densities ($N_{\rm{H_2}}$). Using observations by PHANGS-ALMA/SDSS and simulations by GRIFFIN/IllustrisTNG we explore the evolution of this H$_2$ column density distribution function [$f(N_{\rm{H}_2})$]. The H$_2$ (and HI) column density maps for TNG50 and TNG100 are derived in post-processing and are made available through the IllustrisTNG online API. The shape and normalization of $f(N_{\rm{H}_2})$ of individual main-sequence star-forming galaxies are correlated with the star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass (${M_*}$), and H$_2$ mass ($M_{\rm{H}_2}$) in both observations and simulations. TNG100, combined with H$_2$ post-processing models, broadly reproduces observations, albeit with differences in slope and normalization. Also, an analytically modelled $f(N)$, based on exponential gas disks, matches well with the simulations. The GRIFFIN simulation gives first indications that the slope of $f(N_{\rm{H}_2})$ might not majorly differ when including non-equilibrium chemistry in simulations. The $f(N_{\rm{H}_2})$ by TNG100 implies that higher molecular gas column densities are reached at $z=3$ than at $z=0$. Further, denser regions contribute more to the molecular mass density at $z=3$. Finally, H$_2$ starts dominating compared to HI only at column densities above log($N_{\rm{H}_2} / \rm{cm}^{-2}) \sim 21.8-22$ at both redshifts. These results imply that neutral atomic gas is an important contributor to the overall cold gas mass found in the ISM of galaxies including at densities typical for molecular clouds at $z=0$ and $z=3$.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Neutrino induced threshold production of two pions and N^*(1440) electroweak form factors
Creators: name: Hernandez, E.
name: Nieves, J.
name: Singh, S. K.
name: Valverde, M.
name: Vicente-Vacas, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the threshold production of two pions induced by neutrinos in nucleon targets. The contribution of nucleon, pion and contact terms are calculated using a chiral Lagrangian. The contribution of the Roper resonance, neglected in earlier studies, has also been taken into account. The numerical results for the cross sections are presented and compared with the available experimental data. It has been found that in the two pion channels with $π^+π^-$ and $π^0π^0$ in the final state, the contribution of the $N^*(1440)$ is quite important and could be used to determine the $N^*(1440)$ electroweak transition form factors if experimental data with better statistics become available in the future.
description: This version corrects a mistake on the helicity amplitudes sign. Additional comments on resonance-background relative sign are added. Other minor corrections. Matches published version. 17 pages, 7 figures
Space Telescopes and Astronomical Discoveries
Creators: name: Nainsi Soni
name: Ankit Sharma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Space telescopes have revolutionized the field of astronomy, offering remarkable opportunities to explore the cosmos past the limitations of Earth's surroundings. This studies paper delves into the evolution of area telescopes, their technological improvements, and the profound impact they have had on astronomical discoveries.The paper starts offevolved by means of tracing the origins of space telescopes, from early visionary concepts to groundbreaking missions just like the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Kepler Space Telescope. It discusses how these gadgets have transcended the limitations of terrestrial commentary, imparting unparalleled insights into the universe's vastness and complexity.The primary attention is at the astronomical discoveries enabled via space telescopes. It highlights their pivotal position in the discovery and characterization of exoplanets, the elucidation of dark be counted and dark energy, and the revelations from deep-discipline observations, presenting glimpses into the early universe.Furthermore, the paper explores the upcoming arrival of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its expected contributions to our know-how of cosmic evolution, exoplanet atmospheres, and the look at of remote celestial items through advanced infrared abilties.The studies paper also addresses the challenges confronted by means of area telescopes, including technological boundaries, funding constraints, and the necessity for innovative solutions to propel future missions. It emphasizes the continuous pursuit of clinical endeavors and the ever-expanding quest to get to the bottom of the mysteries of the universe.Ultimately, this research paper serves as a complete evaluate of the evolution of space telescopes, their impact on astronomical discoveries, and the destiny prospects they preserve in reshaping our knowledge of the cosmos. It encapsulates the profound affect those instruments have had and could maintain to have on our exploration of the celestial realm
Inclusive Transitions Framework
Creators: name: Institute for Integrated Transitions
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: transition
narratives
IFIT
conflict
peace
peacebuilding
inclusiveness
fragile states
social contract
political identity
policy
national good
citizens
women
inclusive approach
Tunisia
Singapore
Nation-Building Programs
insitutions
Nigeria
Indonesia
victim reparations
El Salvador
Chile
elections
Georgia
Ethiopia
security
Economic Growth
education
taxation
Burundi

description: This publication is authored by Mark Freeman / IFIT Executive Director and Seth D. Kaplan.

Based on two years of research, interviews, and expert workshops, this IFIT publication outlines a new conceptual and operational framework aimed at improving outcomes in fragile and conflict-affected states transitioning out of conflict or repression by zeroing in on inclusiveness as a guiding principle.

“The Inclusive Transitions Framework is truly spot on, has a comprehensive overview of all the issues involved, and resonates closely with my ideas and experience. It will definitely serve as a powerful and practical aid for successful transitions, as well as for what not to do.” Marwan Muasher – Vice President for Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; former Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Jordan

“This timely publication offers fresh new thinking on the subject of transitions, blending ideas from the fields of democratisation, human rights, development, and peacekeeping. It will be an important resource for anyone working in fragile states.” Anne Applebaum – Director, Transitions Forum, Legatum Institute; Pulitzer Prize-winning author and columnist for the Washington Post and Slate 

“This new publication deserves a large audience. It is more attentive than conventional writing to the national or regional specificities. It is inductive. And it has no preconceived ideas about transitions – which are so often a recipe for disillusionment.” Tarek Mitri – Director, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs (IFI), American Univ. of Beirut; former Lebanese minister and head of UN Support Mission in Libya  

“In 40 years of work on transitions around the world – and having been an active participant in the Spanish political transition – I have learned that inclusiveness is absolutely vital to success. This deeply original publication explains why – and offers dozens of inventive ideas on how. It fills a crucial missing piece in the literature and practice of transitions.” Emilio Cassinello – Director General, Toledo International Center for Peace (CITPax); Ambassador of Spain
Neutrino oscillation signatures of oxygen-neon-magnesium supernovae
Creators: name: Lunardini, C.
name: Mueller, B.
name: Janka, H. -Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the flavor conversion of neutrinos from core collapse supernovae that have oxygen-neon-magnesium (ONeMg) cores. Using the numerically calculated evolution of the star up to 650 ms post bounce, we find that, for the normal mass hierarchy, the electron neutrino flux in a detector shows signatures of two typical features of an ONeMg-core supernova: a sharp step in the density profile at the base of the He shell and a faster shock wave propagation compared to iron core supernovae. Before the shock hits the density step (t ~ 150 ms), the survival probability of electron neutrinos is about 0.68, in contrast to values of 0.32 or less for an iron core supernova. The passage of the shock through the step and its subsequent propagation cause a decrease of the survival probability and a decrease of the amplitude of oscillations in the Earth, reflecting the transition to a more adiabatic propagation inside the star. These changes affect the lower energy neutrinos first; they are faster and more sizable for larger theta_13. They are unique of ONeMg-core supernovae, and give the possibility to test the speed of the shock wave. The time modulation of the Earth effect and its negative sign at the neutronization peak are the most robust signatures in a detector.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures (16 figure files). Text and graphics added for illustration and clarification; Results unchanged. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Langmuir wave filamentation instability
Creators: name: Rose, Harvey A.
name: Yin, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Langmuir wave (LW) model is constructed whose equilibria are consistent with stimulated Raman scatter optimization, with Hamiltonian dynamics and with rotational invariance. Linear instability analysis includes terms to all orders in wave amplitude and fluctuation wavenumber expansions, deltak. Resultant LW modulational instability is nonstandard: as the LW amplitude increases, unstable deltak range first expands and then shrinks to zero. Large amplitude wave model dynamics requires hyper-diffraction terms if k LambdaD < 0.45, lest artificially small length scales become unstable.
VETTAM: A scheme for radiation hydrodynamics with adaptive mesh refinement using the variable Eddington tensor method
Creators: name: Menon, Shyam H.
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Kuiper, Rolf
name: Wibking, Benjamin D.
name: Jung, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Variable Eddington Tensor-closed Transport on Adaptive Meshes (\texttt{VETTAM}), a new algorithm to solve the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) with support for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in a frequency-integrated, two-moment formulation. The method is based on a non-local Variable Eddington Tensor (VET) closure computed with a hybrid characteristics scheme for ray tracing. We use a Godunov method for the hyperbolic transport of radiation with an implicit backwards-Euler temporal update to avoid the explicit timestep constraint imposed by the light-crossing time, and a fixed-point Picard iteration scheme to handle the nonlinear gas-radiation exchange term, with the two implicit update stages jointly iterated to convergence. We also develop a modified wave-speed correction method for AMR, which we find to be crucial for obtaining accurate results in the diffusion regime. We demonstrate the robustness of our scheme with a suite of pure radiation and RHD tests, and show that it successfully captures the streaming, static diffusion, and dynamic diffusion regimes and the spatial transitions between them, casts sharp shadows, and yields accurate results for rates of momentum and energy exchange between radiation and gas. A comparison between different closures for the radiation moment equations, with the Eddington approximation (0th-moment closure) and the $M_1$ approximation (1st-moment closure), demonstrates the advantages of the VET method (2nd-moment closure) over the simpler closure schemes. \texttt{VETTAM} has been coupled to the AMR \texttt{FLASH} (magneto-)hydrodynamics code and we summarize by reporting performance features and bottlenecks of our implementation.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2: of Resource allocation in NHS dentistry: recognition of societal preferences (RAINDROP): study protocol
Creators: name: Vernazza, Christopher
name: Carr, Katherine
name: Wildman, John
name: Gray, Joanne
name: Holmes, Richard
name: Exley, Catherine
name: Smith, Robert
name: Donaldson, Cam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Questionnaire for Workstream 2. Questionnaire without scenarios (note that the questionnaire will be delivered electronically, using display techniques that cannot be replicated in file format, so this is detailed in the document). (DOC 98 kb)
Hyperparameters and Tuning Strategies for Random Forest
Creators: name: Probst, Philipp
name: Wright, Marvin
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The random forest algorithm (RF) has several hyperparameters that have to be set by the user, e.g., the number of observations drawn randomly for each tree and whether they are drawn with or without replacement, the number of variables drawn randomly for each split, the splitting rule, the minimum number of samples that a node must contain and the number of trees. In this paper, we first provide a literature review on the parameters' influence on the prediction performance and on variable importance measures. It is well known that in most cases RF works reasonably well with the default values of the hyperparameters specified in software packages. Nevertheless, tuning the hyperparameters can improve the performance of RF. In the second part of this paper, after a brief overview of tuning strategies we demonstrate the application of one of the most established tuning strategies, model-based optimization (MBO). To make it easier to use, we provide the tuneRanger R package that tunes RF with MBO automatically. In a benchmark study on several datasets, we compare the prediction performance and runtime of tuneRanger with other tuning implementations in R and RF with default hyperparameters.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Some comments on embedding inflation in the AdS/CFT correspondence
Creators: name: Lowe, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory correspondence (AdS/CFT) can potentially provide a complete formulation of string theory on a landscape of stable and metastable vacua that naturally give rise to eternal inflation. As a model for this process, we consider bubble solutions with de Sitter interiors, obtained by patching together dS and Schwarzschild-AdS solutions along a bubble wall. For an interesting subclass of these solutions the bubble wall reaches spacelike infinity in the black hole interior. Including the effects of perturbations leads to a null singularity emanating from this point. Such solutions are interpreted as states in a single CFT, and are shown to be compatible with holographic entropy bounds. The construction suggests de Sitter entropy be interpreted as the total number of degrees of freedom in effective field theory, with a novel adaptive stepsize cutoff.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, revtex4
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0034v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2010
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0034v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0034v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Pronounced increase in slope instability linked to global warming: A case study from the eastern European Alps
Creators: name: Savi, Sara
name: Comiti, Francesco
name: Strecker, Manfred R.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: In recent decades, slope instability in high‐mountain regions has often been linked to increase in temperature and the associated permafrost degradation and/or the increase in frequency/intensity of rainstorm events. In this context we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution and potential controlling mechanisms of small‐ to medium‐sized mass movements in a high‐elevation catchment of the Italian Alps (Sulden/Solda basin). We found that slope‐failure events (mostly in the form of rockfalls) have increased since the 2000s, whereas the occurrence of debris flows has increased only since 2010. The current climate‐warming trend registered in the study area apparently increases the elevation of rockfall‐detachment areas by approximately 300 m, mostly controlled by the combined effects of frost‐cracking and permafrost thawing. In contrast, the occurrence of debris flows does not exhibit such an altitudinal shift, as it is primarily driven by extreme precipitation events exceeding the 75th percentile of the intensity‐duration rainfall distribution. Potential debris‐flow events in this environment may additionally be influenced by the accumulation of unconsolidated debris over time, which is then released during extreme rainfall events. Overall, there is evidence that the upper Sulden/Solda basin (above ca. 2500 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), and especially the areas in the proximity of glaciers, have experienced a significant decrease in slope stability since the 2000s, and that an increase in rockfalls and debris flows during spring and summer can be inferred. Our study thus confirms that “forward‐looking” hazard mapping should be undertaken in these increasingly frequented, high‐elevation areas of the Alps, as environmental change has elevated the overall hazard level in these regions.
description: Global warming has a far‐reaching impact on high‐mountain regions, where rising temperatures affect permafrost thaw, frost‐cracking mechanisms, and the frequency of convective storms. These changes impact the frequency of rockfalls and debris flows and thus lead to a dynamization of geological hazards over a wide range of elevations. Future management plans for Alpine regions should consider these changes to reduce the associated risks and ensure adequate safety measures. image
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
title: Imaging the cool gas, dust, star formation, and AGN in the first galaxies
Creators: name: Carilli, CL
name: Myers, S
name: Appleton, P
name: Bertoldi, F
name: Blain, A
name: Dale, D
name: Fan, X
name: Li, Y
name: Menten, K
name: Nagamine, K
name: Narayanan, D
name: Omont, A
name: Strauss, M
name: Tniguchi, Y
name: Wagg, J
name: Walter, F
name: Wolfe, A
name: Wootten, A
name: Yun, Min
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv.
description: When, and how, did the first galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) form, and how did they reionization the Universe? First galaxy formation and cosmic reionization are among the last frontiers in studies of cosmic structure formation. We delineate the detailed astrophysical probes of early galaxy and SMBH formation afforded by observations at centimeter through submillimeter wavelengths. These observations include studies of the molecular gas (= the fuel for star formation in galaxies), atomic fine structure lines (= the dominant ISM gas coolant), thermal dust continuum emission (= an ideal star formation rate estimator), and radio continuum emission from star formation and relativistic jets. High resolution spectroscopic imaging can be used to study galaxy dynamics and star formation on sub-kpc scales. These cm and mm observations are the necessary compliment to near-IR observations, which probe the stars and ionized gas, and X-ray observations, which reveal the AGN. Together, a suite of revolutionary observatories planned for the next decade from centimeter to X-ray wavelengths will provide the requisite panchromatic view of the complex processes involved in the formation of the first generation of galaxies and SMBHs, and cosmic reionization.
First Studies of Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Dynamics Using a Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Network Over Southern Patagonia
Creators: name: Conte, J. Federico
name: Chau, Jorge L.
name: Urco, Juan M.
name: Latteck, Ralph
name: Vierinen, Juha
name: Salvador, Jacobo O.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: This paper presents for the first time results on winds, tides, gradients of horizontal winds, and momentum fluxes at mesosphere and lower thermosphere altitudes over southern Patagonia, one of the most dynamically active regions in the world. For this purpose, measurements provided by SIMONe Argentina are investigated. SIMONe Argentina is a novel multistatic specular meteor radar system that implements a Spread‐spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network (SIMONe) approach, and that has been operating since the end of September 2019. Average counts of more than 30,000 meteor detections per day result in tidal estimates with statistical uncertainties of less than 1 m/s. Thanks to the multistatic configuration, horizontal and vertical gradients of the horizontal winds are obtained, as well as vertical winds free from horizontal divergence contamination. The vertical gradients of both zonal and meridional winds exhibit strong tidal signatures. Mean momentum fluxes are estimated after removing the effects of mean winds using a 4‐h, 8‐km window in time and altitude, respectively. Reasonable statistical uncertainties of the momentum fluxes are obtained after applying a 28‐day averaging. Therefore, the momentum flux estimates presented in this paper represent monthly mean values of waves with periods of 4 h or less, vertical wavelengths shorter than 8 km, and horizontal scales less than 400 km.
description: Key Points: First observations of mesosphere and lower thermosphere dynamics over one of the most dynamically active regions in the world Estimates of mean horizontal winds and their gradients are possible, thanks to the multistatic configuration Mean momentum fluxes are estimated with vertical velocity estimates free of horizontal divergence contamination
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
Quantifying radial migration in the Milky Way: Inefficient over short timescales but essential to the very outer disc beyond ~15 kpc
Creators: name: Lian, Jianhui
name: Zasowski, Gail
name: Hasselquist, Sten
name: Holtzman, Jon A.
name: Boardman, Nicholas
name: Cunha, Katia
name: Fernández-Trincado, José G.
name: Frinchaboy, Peter M.
name: Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.
name: Nitschelm, Christian
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Zhang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar radial migration plays an important role in reshaping a galaxy's structure and the radial distribution of stellar population properties. In this work, we revisit reported observational evidence for radial migration and quantify its strength using the age--[Fe/H] distribution of stars across the Milky Way with APOGEE data. We find a broken age--[Fe/H] relation in the Galactic disc at $r>6$ kpc, with a more pronounced break at larger radii. To quantify the strength of radial migration, we assume stars born at each radius have a unique age and metallicity, and then decompose the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of mono-age young populations into different Gaussian components that originated from various birth radii at $r_{\rm birth}<13$ kpc. We find that, at ages of 2 and 3 Gyr, roughly half the stars were formed within 1 kpc of their present radius, and very few stars ($<5$%) were formed more than 4 kpc away from their present radius. These results suggest limited short distance radial migration and inefficient long distance migration in the Milky Way during the last 3 Gyr. In the very outer disc beyond 15~kpc, the observed age--[Fe/H] distribution is consistent with the prediction of pure radial migration from smaller radii, suggesting a migration origin of the very outer disc. We also estimate intrinsic metallicity gradients at ages of 2 and 3 Gyr of $-0.061$ dex kpc$^{-1}$ and $-0.063$ dex kpc$^{-1}$, respectively.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, MNRAS in press
Additional file 5: of Chloroquine reduces hypercoagulability in pancreatic cancer through inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps
Creators: name: Boone, Brian
name: Pranav Murthy
name: Miller-Ocuin, Jennifer
name: W. Doerfler
name: Ellis, Jarrod
name: Xiaoyan Liang
name: Ross, Mark
name: Callen Wallace
name: Sperry, Jason
name: Lotze, Michael
name: Neal, Matthew
name: Zeh, Herbert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Table S2. CQ reverses hypercoagulability in tumor burdened mice. Thromboelastogram (TEG) values for orthotopic tumor and sham mice with and without chloroquine (CQ) treatment, demonstrating that tumor mice have hypercoagulable elevations in K, angle, maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI) compared with sham controls and that CQ reverses hypercoagulability as assessed by the CI. *p
Collisions of bright solitary matter waves
Creators: name: Parker, N. G.
name: Martin, A. M.
name: Cornish, S. L.
name: Adams, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collisions of three-dimensional bright solitary matter waves formed from atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are shown to exhibit rich behaviour. Collisions range from being elastic to completely destructive due to the onset of collapse during the interaction. Through a detailed quantitative analysis we map out the role of relative phase, impact speed and interaction strength. In particular, we identify the importance of the collapse time in the onset of unstable collisions and show how the relative phase controls a population transfer between the waves. Our analysis enables us to interpret recent experimental observations of bright solitary matter waves.
description: 9 pages, 4 colour figures
title: Εφαρμογές τεχνητών νευρωνικών δικτύων για την προσέγγιση ευθέων και αντιστρόφων προβλημάτων στη μηχανική μέσω της μεθόδου Physics Ιnformed Neural Networks (PINNs)
Creators: name: Χοτζα Κεβιν
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2024

description: Στη παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζεται μια σχετικά πρόσφατη και ανερχόμενη τεχνική επίλυσης συνήθων και μερικών διαφορικών εξισώσεων αξιοποιώντας Τεχνητά Νευρωνικά Δίκτυα ΤΝΔ (Artificial Neural Networks  ANN). Η υποκείμενη τεχνική αποκαλείται Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), και ήταν απόρροια της σύνθεσης ποικίλων επιστημονικών κλάδων όπως η νευρολογία, η πληροφορική, η επιστήμη των υπολογιστών, τα εφαρμοσμένα μαθηματικά, η εφαρμοσμένη φυσική και η υπολογιστική μηχανική. Συνολικά, αποτελεί μια αριθμητική προσέγγιση για την επίλυση γραμμικών και μη γραμμικών προβλημάτων που συναντώνται σε ποικίλα επιστημονικά πεδία, όπως η μετάδοση θερμότητας, η ρευστομηχανική και η κλασσική μηχανική.
Η εφαρμογή αριθμητικών τεχνικών σε προβλήματα μεγάλης κλίμακας, που απαιτούν υψηλή ακρίβεια, απαιτεί την συνεχή βελτίωση της επιστήμης των υπολογιστών, τόσο σε επίπεδο hardware όσο και software. Αυτό αληθεύει και για την μελετηθείσα προσέγγιση, η οποία είχε απαρχές, τουλάχιστον σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο, πριν από περίπου δύο δεκαετίες, αλλά η επιτυχής υλοποίηση της με αξιοσημείωτα αποτελέσματα σε σύγχρονους χρονικούς ορίζοντες έλαβε χώρα μόλις πρόσφατα.
Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως κύριο σκοπό την ανάπτυξη αλγορίθμων σε Python, με απώτερη πρόθεση την εφαρμογή της τεχνικής PINNs σε προβλήματα δυναμικής μηχανικής. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάστηκαν προβλήματα όπως ο αρμονικός ταλαντωτής με απόσβεση και η κίνηση 2 μαζών συνδεδεμένων με 3 ελατήρια. Καθώς επίσης έγινε προσπάθεια ανάπτυξης ενός αλγορίθμου για ένα αντίστροφο μοντέλο PINNs το οποίο προβλέπει τη τιμή μιας άγνωστης παραμέτρου σε ένα σύστημα αρμονικού ταλαντωτή, αυτή του συντελεστή απόσβεσης.
Επιπλέον, παρουσιάζεται αναλυτικά η αρχή λειτουργίας των τεχνητών νευρωνικών δικτύων, τόσο από θεωρητικής όσο και μαθηματικής πλευράς. Τέλος, αναλύονται τμήματα του κώδικα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την επίλυση των προβλημάτων της εργασίας.
The density- and isospin- dependent $Δ$-formation cross section and its decay width
Creators: name: Li, Qingfeng
name: Li, Zhuxia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy-, density-, and isospin-dependent $Δ$-formation cross section $σ_{Nπ\rightarrow Δ}^*$ and $Δ$-decay width are calculated based on the relativistic BUU approach in which the effective mass splitting of nucleon and $Δ$ baryons in isospin-asymmetric matter is considered by the inclusion of the $δ$ meson exchange in the effective Lagrangian density. With the density-dependent couplings for baryons of F. Hofmann et al., the $σ_{Nπ\rightarrow Δ}^*$ is decreased (increased) moderately with increasing density with (without) the consideration of the density dependent pion effective mass. Meanwhile, if the invariant mass of the system is not far from the $Δ$ pole mass, the $Δ$-decay width is also weakly dependent on density. The mass splitting effect of differently charged nucleon and $Δ$ baryons on $σ_{Nπ\rightarrow Δ}^*$ are found to be more obvious than that of pion mesons but much weaker than the mass splitting in the hard $Δ$ production channel $NN\rightarrow NΔ$. Further, the largest mass-splitting influence is seen in the $π^-p\rightarrow Δ^0$ and $π^+n\rightarrow Δ^+$ channels but not in the production of $Δ^-$ and $Δ^{++}$ isobars.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Capillary, Film, and Vapor Flow in Transient Bare Soil Evaporation (2): Experimental Identification of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Medium to Dry Moisture Range
Creators: name: Iden, Sascha C.
name: Diamantopoulos, Efstathios
name: Durner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Bare‐soil evaporation involves coupled flow of liquid water, water vapor, and heat. As evaporation results in non‐isothermal conditions in the soil, the temperature dependence of transport properties and thermal fluxes of water and vapor must be accounted for. In a companion paper, we showed that the Richards equation, that is, a single‐phase flow model assuming isothermal conditions, is applicable to accurately determine soil hydraulic properties including the medium to dry range from evaporation experiments by inverse modeling. This is warranted if pressure head data across a wide moisture range, that is, from almost saturated to almost air‐dry, are used in the objective function and a suitable parameterization of the hydraulic conductivity function including vapor and non‐capillary flow is used. In this article, we confirm the theoretical results by examining real evaporation experiments, in which we measured the temporal dynamics of evaporation rate, soil temperature, and pressure head in laboratory soil columns. Pressure head was measured with mini‐tensiometers and relative humidity sensors. The measurements were evaluated by inverse modeling with the Richards equation assuming isothermal conditions and ambient temperature in the soil. Our results for a sandy and a loamy soil show that the observed transient water and vapor dynamics in the drying soil could be accurately matched, provided the hydraulic conductivity curve considered isothermal vapor diffusion and film flow. These components dominate hydraulic conductivity in the medium to dry soil moisture range and were uniquely identified in agreement with the theoretical analysis in the companion article.
description: Key Points: Identification of soil hydraulic properties across the full moisture range by inverse modeling of evaporation experiments. Advanced instrumentation with tensiometers and relative humidity sensors allows to identify hydraulic conductivity in medium to dry soil. Evaporation experiments can be modeled correctly with Richards’ equation, provided hydraulic properties account for vapor and film flow.
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659