Pentagramma lueri Campodonico, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Campodonico, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Delphacidae
Pentagramma
Pentagramma lueri

description: Pentagramma lueri sp. nov.
(Figs 1–21)
Description. Male length 4.27±0.09, min 4.18, max 4.39; width 1.19±0.04, min 1.16, max 1.24. Female length 5.98±0.5, min 5.43, max 6.45; width 1.46±0.11, min 1.31, max 1.59.
Coloration. Fulvous with green tonalities and dark markings (brown to black); coloration of females normally lighter with green tonalities and dark markings less conspicuous. Head (Figs 1–5) with usually a pair of maculae on disc of coryphe, median carina concolorous; rest of carinae of head darkened; eumetope (Figs 4, 5) inferiorly lighter, with a pair of dark longitudinally enlarged markings on inferior half positioned laterad to carinae, and a pair of enlarged pale markings near middle positioned mediad to lateral margins; clypeus (Figs 4, 5) paler at carinae; longitudinal dark stripes on pedicel (Figs 4, 5). Thorax with pronotum (Figs 1, 3) darkened behind eyes, green tonalities distinct on posterior margin, median and lateral carinae concolorous, usually pair of foveolar dark markings on disc; mesonotum (Figs 1, 3) darkened laterocaudally and between carinae; laterocaudal markings transverse, usually not reaching posterior margin. Wings (Figs 1–3) with dark maculae near apex of clavus. Femora and tibiae with longitudinal dark stripes. Abdomen with terga and sterna darkened at disc, medially and marginally lighter, sometimes dark portion reduced to a pair of markings or absent.
Head. Macrocoryphe (Figs 1, 3) slightly narrowing distad, near one third of its length distally of anterior margin of eyes; median carina distinct or rather indistinct; posterior margin weakly concave, positioned slightly basad of level of middle of eyes. Ocelli near eyes (Fig. 2). Concavities of eyes reaching near one third of its height (Fig. 2). Eumetope (Figs 4, 5) with maximum width near middle, wider than half of its length; carinae conspicuous, separation between carinae as separation between each carina and lateral margin. Clypeus (Figs 4, 5) with basal width about two thirds as its length. Rostrum (Figs 4, 5) reaching mesocoxae. Pedicel near two times length of scape (Figs 4, 5).
Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 1, 3) with median and lateral carinae distinct; length about one third of maximum width; posterior margin sinuous, medially concave. Mesonotum (Figs 1, 3) with length about two thirds of its width; five carinae on disc; intermediate carinae more elevated than rest, not reaching margins. Tegulae (Figs 1–3) conspicuous.
Wings. Length of forewing (Figs 1–3): male 3.94±0.17, min 3.71, max 4.11; female 5.21±0.39, min 4.93, max 5.78; forewings in females sometimes not surpassing segment XI.
Legs. Fore legs weakly compressed; protibiae slightly shorter than profemora. Metatibiae (Fig. 6) with three lateral spines, first near base, second slightly nearer to third than to first, third slightly nearer to second than to apex; five apical spines, lateral spines slightly longer. Calcar moderately curved, reaching middle of basal metatarsomere. Basal metatarsomere about two fifths length of metatibia; apex with five outer and three inner spines; outer spines in row larger to smaller from outermost to innermost, fifth spine usually positioned slightly apicad or at level of fourth; first and third inner spines positioned at same level, second positioned basad of first and third. Second metatarsomere with three apical spines at same level, about two fifths length of basal metatarsomere. Apical metatarsomere as long as second metatarsomere.
Male genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 7) with ventral surface longer than dorsal, caudally projected at level of armature of diaphragm; in ventral view (Fig. 8) basally wider; in caudal view (Fig. 9) with armature of diaphragm dorsally convex and conspicuously notched. Styles in lateral view (Fig. 7) abruptly narrowed from ventral surface after basal three fifths, then slightly narrowing apicad; apical portion slightly inclined ventrad and indistinctly curved dorsad; in ventral view (Fig. 8) abruptly narrowed from inner surface after basal three fifths; apical portion curved mediad and slightly convex from inner surface near base. Phallus (Figs 10, 11) asymmetrical, with terminal flagellum dorsally folded craniad; flagellum ending in lobule bearing gonopore and with inner process arising near middle; flagellum length from base to tip of lobule slightly shorter than length of basal part of phallus from base of phallotheca to fold; process bifurcated into large curved spine, and shorter straight spine nearer to lobule. Segment X slightly asymmetrical, shorter than styles, in dorsal view (Fig. 12) slightly narrower at base; in lateral view (Figs 13, 14) with dorsal surface inclined dorsocaudad on basal half; left margin (Fig. 13) more distinctly concave than right (Fig. 14). Segment XI near four sevenths of length of segment X.
Female genitalia. Ovipositor not surpassing tergum IX (Figs 15, 16). Gonoplacs (Fig. 17) slightly more than five times longer than wide; apex slightly acute. Gonapophyses IX (Fig. 18) with superior border coarsely serrated caudad, with about 20 teeth starting after basal third and abruptly reducing size near apex. Gonapophyses VIII (Figs 19, 20) with striation basally longitudinal and becoming transverse at apex, where it generates inconspicuous denticulation on borders; apex acute. Gonocoxae VIII (Fig. 21) with maximum width on distal half; superior border slightly sinuous. Segment X in lateral view (Fig. 15) higher at apex; in ventral view (Fig. 16) wider at base, slightly longer than basal width. Segment XI slightly longer than segment X.
Material examined. Holotype ♂, CHILE, [METROPOLITAN REGION] Santiago Province, Quilicura, Humedal Las Cruces, 33°20'S. 70°43'W., 490 m., 15.XII.2016. J.F. Campodonico leg., on Schoenoplectus californicus (MNNC). Paratypes. CHILE, [METROPOLITAN REGION] Santiago Province, Quilicura, Humedal Las Cruces, 33°20'S. 70°43'W., 490 m., 15.XII.2016. J.F. Campodonico leg., on Schoenoplectus californicus, 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (MNNC), 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (MEUC), 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (UDCC), 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (MLPA), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (UMCE), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (UCCC), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (CFUA), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (IDEP), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (HRCC), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (IDEA), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (USNM), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (NMPC), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (CPAL), 1♂ (ZIN), 23♂♂, 6♀♀ (JFCW); CHILE, [METROPOLITAN REGION] Santiago Province, Quilicura, Humedal Las Cruces, 33°20'S. 70°43'W., 490 m., 27.XI.2016. A. Lüer leg., on Schoenoplectus californicus, 4♂♂, 5♀♀ (JFCW).
Etymology. This species is named after Chilean entomologist Alfredo Lüer who collected the first specimens used in this study.
Note. This species is the first Chilean species of Pentagramma and the fourth of the Southern Cone (together with P. nimbata (Berg, 1879), P. nigrifrons Muir, 1934 and P. cosquina Penner, 1947). P. lueri differs from P. cosquina by the absence of a ventral projection at apex of segment X and the presence of a pair of dark and pale markings on eumetope (a ventral projection at apex of segment X and eumetope with two transverse pale fringes in P. cosquina); from P. nimbata by the not darkened clypeus and for having the intermediate carinae of mesonotum more elevated than the rest (clypeus anteriorly darkened and intermediate carinae less distinct in P. nimbata), and from P. nigrifrons by the abruptly narrowing of styles in lateral view and not darkened eumetope and clypeus (styles not abruptly narrowed in lateral view and eumetope darkened with pale markings in P. nigrifrons). It can be easily separated from P. douglasensis Penner, 1947, P. bivittata Crawford, 1914, P. vittatifrons (Uhler, 1876) and P. longistylata Penner, 1947 (distributed on the northern hemisphere; treated by Hedick-Zeller & Wilson, 2010) by the long and curve spine of flagellum in phallus (males) and the coarsely serrated caudad gonapophyses IX (females) (flagellum of phallus with spines short or absent and gonapophyses IX with teeth fine or not directed caudad in the other species).
All specimens were collected on Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Soják (Cyperaceae). A sample of the host plant is deposited in Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (AGUCH).
description: Published as part of Campodonico, Juan F., 2017, A new species of Pentagramma Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Asiracinae) from Chile, with notes on the host relations of the Idiosystatini Emeljanov, pp. 588-594 in Zootaxa 4291 (3) on pages 589-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/827588