Xulavuna krenakore Oya & Santos & Fernandes & Tavares 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo
name: Santos, Luiz Augusto Padilha
name: Fernandes, José Antônio Marin
name: Tavares, Gustavo Costa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllidae
Xulavuna
Xulavuna krenakore

description: Xulavuna krenakore Oya & Tavares sp. nov.
Figs. 1–5; Map 1
http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 08BE40B1-9963-4D74-9027-9FDDD795BF9F
Type material. Holotype. Male. BRAZIL, Pará, Novo Progresso; Serra do Cachimbo, Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Veloso, Ponto 1 – Mata Torre 2; 09°16’49”S, 54°56’32”W; 07–17.IX.2003; Pitfall. The phallic complex was removed but kept in a microvial with the specimen. Repository: MPEG.
Paratypes. 16 males and 38 females. Same data as the holotype. Repository: MPEG.
Etymology. The species is named after the indigenous community that originally lived in the region where this species was collected, the Krenakore, also known as the Panará people or the giant indigenous people. The name is a word from the Brazilian indigenous linguist branch named “Jê.”
Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguishable from X. adenoptera by the longer male tegmina (longer than wide), with larger and thicker dorsal field with no noticeable veins, a conspicuous invagination followed by a prominent bump on the gland opening, lateral field with only 3–4 longitudinal veins (Figs. 1B, E–F; 2H–K); male subgenital plate posterior margin straight (Fig. 3G); presence of metanotal gland; male genitalia more compact; Ps.S shorter, almost squared in dorsal and ventral views, not bilobed, nor laterally enlarged or posteriorly projected, with a mediodorsal U-like notch; Ps.P2 well-developed, with dorsal lobe large, rounded, and setulose, produced laterally (surpassing the Ps.S) and posteriorly, and ventral lobe long, finger-like and produced posteriorly (surpassing the Ps.P2 dorsal lobe and Ps.P1); Ps.P1 well-developed, bilobed, especially the large and outward-curved ventral lobe; Ect.A thick (Figs. 3A–D). Female micropterous, with a scale-like tegmina almost inconspicuous (Figs. 4A–C) and copulatory papilla with a large ventral circular opening (Figs. 5A–B). In contrast, X. adenoptera has shorter tegmina (almost as long as wide), with a very reduced dorsal field bearing four veins and no bump on the gland opening, and a lateral field with 8–9 incurved and thick veins; male subgenital plate posterior margin concave; metanotal gland absent; male genitalia longer; Ps.S more elongated in dorsal and ventral views, laterally and posteriorly projected, with no mediodorsal notch; Ps.P2 smaller, with small dorsal lobe, not surpassing the Ps.S laterally, and ventral lobe smaller, not surpassing the Ps.P2 and Ps.P1; Ps.P1 small, bilobed, thin, and curved; Ect.A slim. Female completely apterous; copulatory papilla semi-circular, with a conspicuous lobe-shaped posterior margin and no central opening ventrally.
Description. Head orthognathous, dorsum slightly flattened in lateral view (Fig. 1A), with a reddish-brown or orangish-brown color similar to the pronotum (Figs. 1C, E–F), dorsally darker (Figs. 1C, E), but sometimes with lighter spots near the occiput (Fig. 1F); frontal and coronal branches of the ecdisial line evident (Fig. 1C); in lateral view, front swollen (Fig. 1A). Eyes ovoid, outlined with lighter color (Fig. 1A, C); lateral and median ocelli circular, yellowish or reddish, almost at the same level. Antennae long, reaching up to the genicular lobe of the posterior femur, with antennal pits located almost aligned to the ventral margin of eyes, dilated scapes, and pedicels slightly longer than the antennomeres; clypeus and labrum short, almost the same length, and yellowish (Fig. 1C); maxillary palpi first segment shorter than the others, slightly smaller than the second; third almost as long as the fourth, both longer than the first and second combined; fifth and last segments notably longer than the others, ventrally swollen (Fig. 2G); maxillary palpi predominantly reddish-brown, except for the ventral surfaces of the first segment, distal area of first and second, and the ventrodistal area of the fifth (Fig. 2G). Pronotum wider than long, reddish- or orange-brown, similar to head dorsum (Figs. 1B, E–F); anterior and posterior margins of pronotum with setae and macrosetae, pronotal disc pubescent, with two symmetrical triangular markings (Figs. 1E–F); in dorsal view, anterior and posterior margins straight (Figs. 1E–F); lateral lobes of pronotum wider than tall; anterior margin slightly convex; anteroventral angle almost straight, margin rounded; ventral margin oblique; posteroventral angle widely rounded (Fig. 1A); metanotum with pubescent area, flanked by metanotal gland opening (Fig. 1G); mesosternum
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rectangular, metasternum broader then mesosternum, with anterior margin straight, lateral margins convex, and posterior margin narrow, medially incised (Fig. 1D). Tegmina reddish-brown or yellowish, longer than wide, slightly longer than the pronotum; margins marked by a light coloration, followed by a darker contour; longitudinal veins light yellow; anal margin conspicuously swollen with a slight depression above the gland opening; glandular region pubescent, with noticeable bristles on both dorsal and ventral surfaces (Figs. 1B, E–F; 2H–K). Abdomen brownish but lighter than the pronotum and head, relatively long, semicylindrical, and broader than the head and pronotum (Fig. 1A–B); posterior margins of the second and third tergites with two dark spots, sometimes only on the third (Fig. 1B); supranal plate with posterior margin widely rounded (Fig. 3E); subgenital plate well elongated, noticeably longer than wide, with straight posterior margin flanked by small lobes on the dorsoposterior angle, and, in lateral view, exceeding the supranal plate (Figs. 3E–G). Legs ochre, with short bristles along their length (Figs. 2A–F); tympana absent (Figs. 2A–B); fore tibiae with three apical spurs, mid tibiae with four. Hind femora with stripes in darker shades; dorsally, hind tibiae with mid-proximal spines, 0–2 spines on the inner margin and 3–5 on the outer, followed by four mid-distal dorsal spurs and three apical ones (Figs. 2E–F); outer dorso-apical spur smaller, followed by the lower one and, finally, the mid one (Fig. 2F); inner ventro-apical spur smaller, followed by the dorsal one, and mid one (Fig. 2E); hind basitarsi longer than half the length of the tibia, with a row of spines and an apical spur on both margins, inner one longer than the outer one and a little smaller than the last tarsomere (figs. 2E–F). Male Genitalia. Pseudepiphallus semi-tubular; dorsoproximal margin sinuous; Ps.S short, almost squared in dorsal and ventral views, not laterally or posteriorly projected, with a mediodorsal U-like notch; Arc short and straight, just below the proximal border of U-like notch; in lateral view, Ps.S slightly curved, with accentuated concavity on the dorsal-anterior margin; pseudepiphallic parameres well-developed, both surpassing the distal margin of the Ps.S; Ps.P2 well-developed, with dorsal lobe large, rounded, and setulose, produced laterally and posteriorly; ventral lobe long, finger-like and produced posteriorly (surpassing the Ps.P2 dorsal lobe and Ps.P1), touching the opposite lobe; Ps.P1 well-developed, bilobed, especially the triangular ventral lobe with divergent curved apices; dorsal lobe shorter, with rounded apex; Ect.A long and thick, reaching half the rami; laterally, both pseudepiphallic paramere well project posteriorly, with ends of Ps.P1 and ventral lobe of Ps.P2 converging; rami enlarged and sinuous, slightly longer than the Ps.S; Ect.F triangular, also visible dorsally through the dorsal invagination of the Ps.S (Figs. 3A–D).
Female. Females similar to males, usually slightly darker (Fig. 4A–B); tegmina very reduced, scale-shaped, and sometimes covered by the pronotum (Figs. 4C; 5D); supra-anal plate largely convex, projected posteriorly (Fig. 5E); subgenital plate short, in ventral view, trapezoid, with posterior margin straight (Fig. 5G), in lateral view, ventrally slightly convex, dorsally obliquely straight, and posteriorly convex (Fig. 5F); ovipositor almost straight (slightly downcurved since its half), dorsally excavated, longer than hind tibia, with an arrow-shaped apex (Figs 4D–E); copulatory papilla, in dorsal and ventral views, compact, semi-circular, with a conspicuous lobe-shaped posterior margin, and a central opening ventrally (Figs. 5A–B); in lateral view, distal half tall, with posterior margin largely convex, and proximal half flattened (Fig. 5C).
Measurements (mm).
Males. TL: 13.0–14.0; PL: 1.5–2.0; PW: 3.0; Tg: 1.5–2.0; HF: 7.0–8.0; HT: 4.0–5.0
Females. TL: 15.0–16.5; PL: 2.0–2.5; PW: 3.5; Tg: 0.4–0.8; HF: 9.0–10.0; HT: 5.0; Ov: 7.0–7.5.
description: Published as part of Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Santos, Luiz Augusto Padilha, Fernandes, José Antônio Marin & Tavares, Gustavo Costa, 2024, Contributions to Odontogryllini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) with comments on its taxonomic status and description of a new species of Xulavuna de Mello & Campos, 2014, pp. 203-213 in Zootaxa 5424 (2) on pages 206-212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5424.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/10821072