cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Comparison of Several Neural Network-Enhanced Sub-Grid Scale Stress Models for Meso-Scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Flow Simulation
Creators: name: Hasan, MD Badrul
name: Yu, Meilin
name: Oates, Tim
Publisher: name: AIAA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: UMBC Accelerated Cognitive Cybersecurity Laboratory
subject: UMBC Ebiquity Research Group

description: AIAA SCITECH 2025, 6-10 January 2025, Orlando, FL
description: The complicated energy cascade and backscatter dynamics present a challenge when studying turbulent flows in storms at the meso-scale. When performing standard large-eddy simulations (LES), sub-grid scale (SGS) stress models usually fail to consider energy backscatter. These models assume that kinetic energy only moves continuously from larger to smaller scales. However, coherent energy backscatter structures exist when analyzing hurricane boundary layer flows at the meso-scale. Our recent research has shown that machine-learning SGS models trained with high-resolution data can effectively forecast forward and backward energy transfers in meso-scale hurricane-like vortex flows. Therein, physical and geometrical invariances were introduced to better represent flow physics. This further improved the predictability and generalizability of machine-learning-enhanced SGS models. In this study, we compare the performance of several machine-learning-enhanced SGS models, especially those based on neural networks (NNs), with varying physical and geometrical invariance embedding levels for SGS stress modeling in an a priori sense, which sets the cornerstone for ongoing a posteriori tests of NN models.
Consumer Demand for Quality: Major Determinant for Agricultural and Food Trade in the Future?
Creators: name: Caswell, Julie
name: Joseph, Siny
name: Caswell, Julie
name: Joseph, Siny
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: food quality
subject: food safety
subject: consumer demand
subject: willingness to pay
subject: international trade

description: The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand has a strong effect on agricultural and food trade.
Implications of a DK Molecule at 2.32 GeV
Creators: name: Barnes, T.
name: Close, F. E.
name: Lipkin, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the implications of a possible quasinuclear DK bound state at 2.32 GeV. Evidence for such a state was recently reported in D_s^+pi^o by the BaBar Collaboration. We first note that a conventional quark model c-sbar assignment is implausible, and then consider other options involving multiquark systems. An I=0 c sbar n nbar baryonium assignment is one possibility. We instead favor a DK meson molecule assignment, which can account for the mass and quantum numbers of this state. The higher-mass scalar c-sbar state expected at 2.48 GeV is predicted to have a very large DK coupling, which would encourage formation of an I=0 DK molecule. Isospin mixing is expected in hadron molecules, and a dominantly I=0 DK state with some I=1 admixture could explain both the narrow total width of the 2.32 GeV state as well as the observed decay to D_s^+ pi^o. Additional measurements that can be used to test this and related scenarios are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
title: MedGrad E-CLIP: Enhancing Trust and Transparency in AI-Driven Skin Lesion Diagnosis
Creators: name: Kamal, Sadia
name: Oates, Tim
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Science - Machine Learning
subject: Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
subject: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
subject: UMBC Accelerated Cognitive Cybersecurity Laboratory
subject: UMBC Ebiquity Research Group
subject: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

description: 2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), Feb 28 – Mar 4 Tucson, Arizona.
description: As deep learning models gain attraction in medical data, ensuring transparent and trustworthy decision-making is essential. In skin cancer diagnosis, while advancements in lesion detection and classification have improved accuracy, the black-box nature of these methods poses challenges in understanding their decision processes, leading to trust issues among physicians. This study leverages the CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) model, trained on different skin lesion datasets, to capture meaningful relationships between visual features and diagnostic criteria terms. To further enhance transparency, we propose a method called MedGrad E-CLIP, which builds on gradient-based E-CLIP by incorporating a weighted entropy mechanism designed for complex medical imaging like skin lesions. This approach highlights critical image regions linked to specific diagnostic descriptions. The developed integrated pipeline not only classifies skin lesions by matching corresponding descriptions but also adds an essential layer of explainability developed especially for medical data. By visually explaining how different features in an image relates to diagnostic criteria, this approach demonstrates the potential of advanced vision-language models in medical image analysis, ultimately improving transparency, robustness, and trust in AI-driven diagnostic systems.
Additional file 1 of Conscious rat PET imaging with soft immobilization for quantitation of brain functions: comprehensive assessment of anesthesia effects on cerebral blood flow and metabolism
Creators: name: Suzuki, Chie
name: Kosugi, Mutsumi
name: Magata, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Arterial blood gas profiles in conscious and anesthetized rats. Supplementary Figure S1. Typical time activity curves of [18F]FDG in the plasma and brain of conscious rats, and of rats anesthetized with different anesthetic agents: medetomidine/midazolam/butorphanol (MMB), ketamine/xylazine (KX), chloral hydrate (Chloral), pentobarbital (PTB), propofol (PF), and isoflurane (IFL). The asterisk and square indicate measured [18F]FDG SUV in the plasma and brain, respectively. Dotted and solid lines show calculated [18F]FDG SUV in plasma and brain by 2-tissue-3-compartment model analysis, respectively. Supplementary Figure S2. Correlation between blood glucose levels and [18F]FDG K1. Correlation coefficients (R = − 0.36728) were calculated by Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient (n = 44).
Searching for Planetary Transits in the Field of Open Cluster NGC 6819 - I
Creators: name: Street, R. A.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Lister, T. A.
name: Penny, A. J.
name: Tsapras, Y.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Safizadeh, N.
name: Mitchell, D.
name: Cooke, J.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from our survey for planetary transits in the field of the intermediate age (~2.5 Gyr), metal-rich ([Fe/H]~+0.07) open cluster NGC 6819. We have obtained high-precision time-series photometry for over 38,000 stars in this field and have developed an effective matched-filter algorithm to search for photometric transits. This algorithm identified 8 candidate stars showing multiple transit-like events, plus 3 stars with single eclipses. On closer inspection, while most are shown to be low mass stellar binaries, some of these events could be due to brown dwarf companions. The data for one of the single-transit candidates indicates a minimum radius for the companion similar to that of HD 209458b.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Legislação de recursos hídricos e o tratamento de dejetos na suinocultura paulista
Creators: name: Bartholomeu, Daniela Bacchi
name: Bartholomeu, Marcelo Bacchi
name: Carvalho, Thiago Bernardino De
name: Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao De
name: Bartholomeu, Daniela Bacchi
name: Bartholomeu, Marcelo Bacchi
name: Carvalho, Thiago Bernardino De
name: Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: O Estado de São Paulo vem apresentando grande evolução na produção nacional de suínos, passando de uma participação de 3,5% do total produzido no Brasil em 2004 para mais de 7% em 2005, segundo a Associação Brasileira da Indústria Produtora e Exportadora de carne Suína (Abipecs). A grande maioria da produção do estado de São Paulo é destinada ao abastecimento do mercado consumidor interno, significativo na região Sudeste. Além disso, diante da concentração das indústrias exportadoras na região Sul do país, a participação de São Paulo nas exportações brasileiras é relativamente inexpressiva. Predomina, no estado, o sistema de produção independente, no qual o produtor se responsabiliza por todos os ciclos de produção do suíno, desde a compra dos insumos (medicamentos e rações) até a manutenção do controle sanitário da granja. A atividade suinícola, entretanto vem sendo considerada pelos órgãos ambientais como potencialmente causadora de degradação ambiental. O desenvolvimento da suinocultura nas últimas décadas trouxe a produção de grandes quantidades de dejetos, que pela falta de tratamento adequado, transformaram-se numa importante fonte poluidora dos mananciais de água. Neste contexto, o presente estudo faz parte de um trabalho mais amplo, no qual buscase analisar as práticas dos suinocultores em relação ao tratamento dos dejetos e à questão dos recursos hídricos no estado de São Paulo. De maneira semelhante à pesquisa realizada por Assis (2004), na Bacia do rio Quilombo, em Santa Catarina, foram entrevistados dois produtores independentes, localizados nas maiores regiões produtoras do estado. Os principais 2 resultados, encontrados até então, sugerem que o produtor desconhece as leis sobre a proteção e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos que afetam suas atividades. Independentemente deste conhecimento, verifica-se que o produtor com certo nível de informação e conhecimento sobre os usos alternativos dos dejetos, acaba adotando práticas que diminuem os impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente e, especificamente, sobre os recursos hídricos. Assim, os dejetos são reaproveitados como compostos orgânicos, bem como para irrigação nas pastagens da propriedade, não sendo lançados diretamente nos rios/lagos.
Near-perfect measuring of full-field transverse-spatial modes of light
Creators: name: Hiekkamäki, Markus
name: Prabhakar, Shashi
name: Fickler, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Along with the growing interest in using the transverse-spatial modes of light in quantum and classical optics applications, developing an accurate and efficient measurement method has gained importance. Here, we present a technique relying on a unitary mode conversion for measuring any full-field transverse-spatial mode. Our method only requires three consecutive phase modulations followed by a single mode fiber and is, in principle, error-free and lossless. We experimentally test the technique using a single spatial light modulator and achieve an average error of 4.2% for a set of 9 different full-field Laguerre-Gauss and Hermite-Gauss modes with an efficiency of up to 70%. Moreover, as the method can also be used to measure any complex superposition state, we demonstrate its potential in a quantum cryptography protocol and in high-dimensional quantum state tomography.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Market Definition and Market Power in the British Supermarket Industry
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In this report I will explain how to measure relevant antitrust markets for the analysis of the market power of the leading supermarket chains in Great Britain. Given the recent enforcement practices of the Competition Commission and the analyses submitted by, or on behalf of, Tesco, Sainsbury, and other retailers, my explanation necessarily must also continue to the measurement of market power. Non-coordinated competitive effects are also called unilateral effects and I will use that term henceforth in this report. These strategic moves do not require the cooperation of other firms. Coordinated effects (tacit collusion) do depend upon the cooperation of other firms. The exercise of these types of market power is not mutually exclusive (Levy and Reitzes 1993). Both types can elevate prices or otherwise distort the price, quality, reach and service marketing mix in a market.
Omori Law for Sliding of Blocks on Inclined Rough Surfaces
Creators: name: Parteli, E. J. R.
name: Gomes, M. A. F.
name: Montarroyos, E.
name: Brito, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long sequences of slidings of solid blocks on an inclined rough surface submitted to small controlled perturbations are examined and scaling relations are found for the time distribution of slidings between pairs of large events as well as after and before the largest events. These scaling laws are similar to the Omori law in seismology but the scaling exponents observed are different. Log-periodicity correction to the Omori scaling is also found. It is shown that the scaling behaviors are dependent on the angle that the incline forms with the horizontal.
description: 10 pages including 4 figures
The rethinking and enhancement of the natural and cultural heritage of the cultural landscapes.pdf
Creators: name: Espinoza, Luis Gregorio Abad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Humanities
subject: 220303 Environmental Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: Cultural landscapes represent a complex category where the nature-culture dichotomy seem to not be able to unfold the main features and the profound relations that humans have with the environment. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in the saltpans of Se-ovlje (Slovene Istria) and Janubio (Lanzarote--Canary Islands) this article examines informant`s perceptions about the awareness of the importance and the enhancement of the holistic values of both saltpans, as well as the impacts and benefits of tourism. Comparing these perceptions about both cultural landscapes, I try to suggest that the complex fruitfully relations between humans and nature in these saltpans are at odds with the neoliberal logic of nature which exploit and commoditize its resources depriving them of their respective agency. A sustainability to contrast the harmful activities of the market ought to be understood not as a simply isolation and fencing of nature for the sake of conservation, but as a preservation that need to foster the continuity of the deep interactions between human culture and non-human nature which are the core of the cultural landscapes.
Los paisajes culturales representan una categoría compleja en la que la dicotomía naturaleza-cultura parece no poder desplegar las características principales y las relaciones profundas que los humanos tienen con el medio ambiente. A partir de los datos etnográficos recopilados en las salinas de Se-ovlje (Istria eslovena) y Janubio (Islas Canarias, Lanzarote), este artículo examina las percepciones de los informantes sobre la conciencia de la importancia y la mejora de los valores holísticos de ambas salinas, así como la Impactos y beneficios del turismo. Al comparar estas percepciones sobre ambos paisajes culturales, trato de sugerir que las complejas relaciones fructíferas entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza en estas salinas están en desacuerdo con la lógica neoliberal de la naturaleza que explota y comercializa sus recursos privándolos de su agencia respectiva. Una sostenibilidad para contrastar las actividades dañinas del mercado debe entenderse no como un simple aislamiento y cercado de la naturaleza en aras de la conservación, sino como una preservación que debe fomentar la continuidad de las interacciones profundas entre la cultura humana y la no humana. Naturaleza que son el núcleo de los paisajes culturales.
Is Wal-Mart Good for Competition? Evidence from Milk Prices
Creators: name: Cleary, Rebecca
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Cleary, Rebecca
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Wal-Mart
subject: competition
subject: conduct
subject: entry
subject: supermarkets
subject: food retailing

description: This article examines the impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters’ entry on incumbents’ pricing behavior and demand. Using a structural model and milk data from the Dallas/Fort Worth supermarket chains, empirical results show that an expansion of Supercenters caused incumbents to price milk significantly more competitively, dropping on average 22.5% between 1996 and 2002, in spite of declines in their milk demand. Furthermore, consumer gains exceeded incumbent losses, lending further support to the notion that Wal-Mart is good for competition and consumers.
title: Mapping the Edges of Mass Spectral Prediction: Evaluation of Machine Learning EIMS Prediction for Xeno Amino Acids
Creators: name: Brown, Sean M.
name: Allgair, Evan
name: Kryšt?Fek, Robin
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Amino Acid
subject: Mass Spectrometry
subject: Peptide Biochemistry
subject: Machine Learning

description: Mass spectrometry is one of the most effective analytical methods for unknown compound identification. By comparing observed m/z spectra with a database of experimentally determined spectra, this process identifies compound(s) in any given sample. Unknown sample identification is thus limited to whatever has been experimentally determined. To address the reliance on experimentally determined signatures, multiple state-of-the-art MS spectra prediction algorithms have been developed within the past half decade. Here we evaluate the accuracy of the NEIMS spectral prediction algorithm. We focus our analyses on monosubstituted ?-amino acids given their significance as important targets for astrobiology, synthetic biology, and diverse biomedical applications. Our general intent is to inform those using generated spectra for detection of unknown biomolecules. We find predicted spectra are inaccurate for amino acids beyond the algorithms training data. Interestingly, these inaccuracies are not explained by physicochemical differences or the derivatization state of the amino acids measured. We thus highlight the need to improve both current machine learning based approaches and further optimization of ab initio spectral prediction algorithms so as to expand databases for structures beyond what is currently experimentally possible, even including theoretical molecules.
Additional file 1 of Bridging the gap between diabetes care and mental health: perspectives of the Mental health IN DiabeteS Optimal Health Program (MINDS OHP)
Creators: name: Ferrier, Lucienne
name: Ski, Chantal F.
name: O’Brien, Casey
name: Jenkins, Zoe
name: Thompson, David R.
name: Moore, Gaye
name: Ward, Glenn
name: Castle, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Interview Guide. The Mental Health IN DiabeteS Optimal Health Program (MINDS OHP) Interview Guide.
The earliest segmental sternum in a Permian synapsid and its implications for the evolution of mammalian locomotion and ventilation
Creators: name: Bendel, Eva-Maria
name: Kammerer, Christian F.
name: Luo, Zhe-Xi
name: Smith, Roger M. H.
name: Fröbisch, Jörg
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolution
subject: Palaeontology
subject: 570 Biologie

description: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
description: The sternum is a stabilizing element in the axial skeleton of most tetrapods, closely linked with the function of the pectoral girdle of the appendicular skeleton. Modern mammals have a distinctive sternum characterized by multiple ossified segments, the origins of which are poorly understood. Although the evolution of the pectoral girdle has been extensively studied in early members of the mammalian total group (Synapsida), only limited data exist for the sternum. Ancestrally, synapsids exhibit a single sternal element and previously the earliest report of a segmental sternum in non-mammalian synapsids was in the Middle Triassic cynodont Diademodon tetragonus. Here, we describe the well-preserved sternum of a gorgonopsian, a group of sabre-toothed synapsids from the Permian. It represents an ossified, multipartite element resembling the mammalian condition. This discovery pulls back the origin of the distinctive “mammalian” sternum to the base of Theriodontia, significantly extending the temporal range of this morphology. Through a review of sternal morphology across Synapsida, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of this structure. Furthermore, we explore its role in the evolution of mammalian posture, gait, and ventilation through progressive regionalization of the postcranium as well as the posteriorization of musculature associated with mammalian breathing.
Effective Field Theories on Non-Commutative Space-Time
Creators: name: Calmet, Xavier
name: Wohlgenannt, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Yang-Mills theories formulated on a non-commutative space-time described by a space-time dependent anti-symmetric field $θ^{μν}(x)$. Using Seiberg-Witten map techniques we derive the leading order operators for the effective field theories that take into account the effects of such a background field. These effective theories are valid for a weakly non-commutative space-time. It is remarkable to note that already simple models for $θ^{μν}(x)$ can help to loosen the bounds on space-time non-commutativity coming from low energy physics. Non-commutative geometry formulated in our framework is a potential candidate for new physics beyond the standard model.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Strategic Analysis for Accreditation in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Case Analysis of KAU and PSU
Creators: name: Saud Albaqami
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Education

description: Quality assurance strategies and standards have long been employed—at least since the dawn of the industrial age, which introduced mass operations and mass production to meet the needs of consumers. In any workplace, plans and strategies are systematically devised and guidelines are implemented in order to ensure the conformity of operations and systems to government or privately established and recognized standards. The high expectations applied to the educational sector cause particularly great demand for standardized quality assurance strategies. This has led to the establishment of accreditation institutions—external organizations that have developed and promulgated standards for quality and have evaluated colleges and universities according to these standards (ESIB, 2006; NAPCIS, 2012). In Saudi Arabia, the quality assurance directives of NCAAA require educational institutions to establish dedicated quality assurance models. The present study was intended to assess the current state of quality assurance implementation at Saudi Arabian higher education institutions and develop a normative quality assurance model based upon the inferences obtained, to be used as a guideline for future quality assurance systems in Saudi higher education institutions. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted using two case studies—KAU and PSU—and was cross-analyzed and presented. The present article provides a discussion of the findings presented.
Observation time dependent mean first passage time of diffusion and sub-diffusion processes
Creators: name: Kim, Ji-Hyun
name: Lee, Hunki
name: Song, Sanggeun
name: Koh, Hye Ran
name: Sung, Jaeyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mean first passage time, one of the important characteristics for a stochastic process, is often calculated assuming the observation time is infinite. However, in practice, the observation time, T, is always finite and the mean first passage time (MFPT) is dependent on the length of the observation time. In this work, we investigate the observation time dependence of the MFPT of a particle freely moving in the interval [-L,L] for a simple diffusion model and four different models of subdiffusion, the fractional diffusion equation (FDE), scaled Brown motion (SBM), fractional Brownian motion (FBM), and stationary Markovian approximation model of SBM and FBM. We find that the MFPT is linearly dependent on T in the small T limit for all the models investigated, while the large-T behavior of the MFPT is sensitive to stochastic properties of the transport model in question. We also discuss the relationship between the observation time, T, dependence and the travel-length, L, dependence of the MFPT. Our results suggest the observation time dependency of the MFPT can serve as an experimental measure that is far more sensitive to stochastic properties of transport processes than the mean square displacement.
description: 43 pages, 3 figures
ETHNIC HISTORY OF THE VILLAGE OF GUVALAK
Creators: name: Sharopova, D.
name: Mamatova, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: One of the most important problems of the ethnology of the Uzbek people in the years of independence is the study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people. The article examines the ethnic history of the village of Guvalak, one of the famous historical villages of the Koson district.
Semiparametric Bayesian Estimation of Random Coefficients Discrete Choice Models
Creators: name: Tchumtchoua, Sylvie
name: Dey, Dipak
name: Tchumtchoua, Sylvie
name: Dey, Dipak
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Dependent Dirichlet process
subject: Discrete choice models
subject: Heterogeneity
subject: Markov chain
subject: Monte Carlo

description: Heterogeneity in choice models is typically assumed to have a normal distribution in both Bayesian and classical setups. In this paper, we propose a semiparametric Bayesian framework for the analysis of random coefficients discrete choice models that can be applied to both individual as well as aggregate data. Heterogeneity is modeled using a Dirichlet process prior which varies with consumers characteristics through covariates. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for fitting such model, and illustrate the methodology using two different datasets: a household level panel dataset of peanut butter purchases, and supermarket chain level data for 31 ready-to-eat breakfast cereals brands.
Microphysics of Shock Acceleration from Observations of X-Ray Synchrotron Emission from Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Reynolds, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of non-thermal X-rays from supernova remnants have been attributed to synchrotron radiation from the loss-steepened tail of a non-thermal distribution of electrons accelerated at the remnant blast wave. In diffusive shock acceleration, the maximum particle energy depends on the energy-dependence of the diffusion coefficient kappa. Most work on shock acceleration has made the plausible assumption that kappa is proportional to the particle gyroradius, implying a wavelength-independent spectrum of MHD turbulence, where Kolmogorov or Kraichnan spectra might be more physically plausible. I derive the wave-spectrum-dependence of the maximum electron energy resulting from limitations due to radiative (synchrotron and inverse-Compton) losses and to finite remnant age (or size). I then exhibit calculations of synchrotron X-ray spectra, and model images, for supernova remnants as a function of spectrum, and compare to earlier results. Spectra can be considerably altered, and images are dramatically different, for Kolmogorov or Kraichnan spectra of turbulence. The predicted images are quite unlike observed remnants, suggesting that the turbulence near SNRs is generated by the high-energy particles themselves.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in AdvSpaceRes (Proc. 34th COSPAR Assembly, Symposium E1.4)
Additional file 1 of Interferon- and STING-independent induction of type I interferon stimulated genes during fractionated irradiation
Creators: name: Goedegebuure, Ruben S. A.
name: Kleibeuker, Esther A.
name: Buffa, Francesca M.
name: Castricum, Kitty C. M.
name: Haider, Syed
name: Schulkens, Iris A.
name: Kroode, Luuk Ten
name: Van Den Berg, Jaap
name: Jacobs, Maarten A. J. M.
name: Van Berkel, Anne-Marie
name: Van Grieken, Nicole C. T.
name: Derks, Sarah
name: Slotman, Ben J.
name: Verheul, Henk M. W.
name: Harris, Adrian L.
name: Thijssen, Victor L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Lexical Base as a Compressed Language Model of the World (on the material of the Ukrainian language)
Creators: name: Buk, Solomiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: In the article the fact is verified that the list of words selected by formal statistical methods (frequency and functional genre unrestrictedness) is not a conglomerate of non-related words. It creates a system of interrelated items and it can be named "lexical base of language". This selected list of words covers all the spheres of human activities. To verify this statement the invariant synoptical scheme common for ideographic dictionaries of different language was determined.
description: 8 pages, 2 tables
The moral philosophy of nature Spiritual Amazonian conceptualizations of the environment.pdf
Creators: name: Espinoza, Luis Gregorio Abad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Humanities
subject: 220303 Environmental Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 220402 Comparative Religious Studies

description: It is well known the harmful effects that savage capitalism has been causing to the environment since its introduction in a sphere in which a different logic and approach to nature are the essential conditions for the maintenance of the ecosystem and its complex relations between humans and non-human organisms. The amazon rainforest is a portion of the planet in which for thousands of years its human dwellers have been interacting with nature that it is understood beyond its physical condition. Thus, to what extent Amazonian’s approaches to nature could be considered as a moral philosophy through which the way of conceptualizing nature and its non-human denizens enhances the continuity of life and the intimate relations between entities? To answer this question, I will explore the cosmological system of the Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon with whom I lived for 5 months between July and November 2018, and thereby elucidate the spiritual relations that this society has with the metaphysical domain of nature.
title: The hybrid approach to monitoring: a remote Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP) complements existing monitoring tools for oyster restoration and management
Creators: name: Tracy, Allison M.
name: Aguilar, Rob
name: Ritter, Carmen J.
name: Heggie, Keira
name: Ogburn, Matthew B.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: fisheries
subject: monitoring
subject: underwater imagery
subject: management
subject: oysters
subject: restoration

description: Accurate and efficient monitoring of oyster reefs is critical for fisheries management and restoration. However, monitoring subtidal reefs requires labor-intensive methods, such as sampling by SCUBA divers. A new Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP) based on the collection of underwater imagery from random replicate points across a reef expands the toolkit for oyster reef monitoring. This study tests how the qualitative RAP compares to existing quantitative monitoring tools to inform approaches that combine methods and improve monitoring. We surveyed paired unrestored harvested reefs and restored sanctuary oyster reefs in the upper, middle, and lower Chesapeake Bay (United States) to compare the RAP to diver-collected oyster metrics across management types and salinities. At each site, we compared the RAP's categorical habitat scores (based on percent cover and relative reef height in images) with physical metrics from synchronous diver collections, including live oyster density and biomass, on the same reef quadrats (n = 64). High RAP scores successfully captured high oyster density, biomass, reef height, rugosity, and multiple size classes. At lower RAP scores, the physical metrics often differed between RAP scores on unrestored harvested reefs, but not restored sanctuary reefs. This study highlights the value of underwater video in increasing monitoring efficiency with respect to time investment, while providing different habitat data than physical metrics. We describe how the RAP can be used in combination with more intensive, physical monitoring tools for restoration and fisheries management. The results of the RAP can inform oyster management in Chesapeake Bay and can be adapted for use worldwide.
Asymptotic normalization coefficients from transfer reaction and R-martix analysis of direct capture in $^{22}$Ne(p,$γ$)$^{23}$Na reaction
Creators: name: Santra, Rajkumar
name: Chakraborty, Suprita
name: Roy, Subinit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^{22}$Ne(p,$γ$)$^{23}$Na reaction in NeNa cycle plays an important role in the production of only stable sodium isotope $^{23}$Na. This nucleus is processed by the NeNa cycle during hot bottom burning (HBB) in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stage of low metallicity intermediate mass stats (4 M$_O$ $\leq$ M $\leq$ 6 M$_O$). Recent measurements have addressed the uncertainty in the thermonuclear reaction rate of this reaction at relevant astrophysical energies through the identification of low lying resonances at E$_p$ = 71,105, 156.2, 189.5 and 259.7 keV. In addition, precise measurements of low energy behaviour of the non-resonant capture has also been performed and the contribution of the sub-threshold resonance at 8664 keV excitation in $^{23}$Na has been established. Here, in this article, we have presented a systematic R-matrix analysis of direct capture to the bound states and the decay of the sub-threshold resonance at 8664 keV to the ground state of $^{23}$Na. A finite range distorted wave Born approximation (FRDWBA) calculation has been performed for $^{22}$Ne($^3$He,d)$^{23}$Na transfer reaction data to extract the asymptotic normalization coeeficients (ANC-s) required to estimate the non-resonant capture cross sections or astrophysical S-factor values in R-matrix analysis. Simultaneous R-matrix analysis constrained with ANC-s from transfer calculation reproduced the astrophysical S-factor data over a wide energy window. The S$_{tot}^{DC}$(0) = 48.8$\pm$9.5 keV.b compares well with the result of Ferraro, {\it et al.} and has a lower uncertainty. The resultant thermonuclear reaction is slightly larger in 0.1 GK $\le$ T $\le$ 0.2 GK temperature range but otherwise in agreeent with Ferraro, {\it et al.}.
title: Mind the leaf anatomy while taking ground truth with portable chlorophyll meters
Creators: name: Lhotáková, Zuzana
name: Neuwirthová, Eva
name: Pot??Ková, Markéta
name: ?Ervená, Lucie
name: Hunt, Lena
name: Kupková, Lucie
name: Lukeš, Petr
name: Campbell, Petya
name: Albrechtová, Jana
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Ecophysiology
subject: Forestry
subject: Plant sciences
subject: Environmental monitoring

description: A wide range of portable chlorophyll meters are increasingly being used to measure leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant performance, providing reference data for remote sensing studies. We tested the effect of leaf anatomy on the relationship between optical assessments of chlorophyll (Chl) against biochemically determined Chl content as a reference. Optical Chl assessments included measurements taken by four chlorophyll meters: three transmittance-based (SPAD-502, Dualex-4 Scientific, and MultispeQ 2.0), one fluorescence-based (CCM-300), and vegetation indices calculated from the 400–2500 nm leaf reflectance acquired using an ASD FieldSpec and a contact plant probe. Three leaf types with different anatomy were included: dorsiventral laminar leaves, grass leaves, and needles. On laminar leaves, all instruments performed well for chlorophyll content estimation (R2?>?0.80, nRMSE?15%), regardless of the variation in their specific internal structure (mesomorphic, scleromorphic, or scleromorphic with hypodermis), similarly to the performance of four reflectance indices (R2?>?0.90, nRMSE?16%). For grasses, the model to predict chlorophyll content across multiple species had low performance with CCM-300 (R2?=?0.45, nRMSE?=?11%) and failed for SPAD. For Norway spruce needles, the relation of CCM-300 values to chlorophyll content was also weak (R2?=?0.45, nRMSE?=?11%). To improve the accuracy of data used for remote sensing algorithm development, we recommend calibration of chlorophyll meter measurements with biochemical assessments, especially for species with anatomy other than laminar dicot leaves. The take-home message is that portable chlorophyll meters perform well for laminar leaves and grasses with wider leaves, however, their accuracy is limited for conifer needles and narrow grass leaves. Species-specific calibrations are necessary to account for anatomical variations, and adjustments in sampling protocols may be required to improve measurement reliability.
title: A New Age of SAR: How Can Commercial Smallsat Constellations Contribute to NASA's Surface Deformation and Change Mission?
Creators: name: Huang, Stacey
name: Osmano?Lu, Batuhan
name: Scheuchl, Bernd
name: Oveisgharan, Shadi
name: Sauber, Jeanne M.
name: Jo, MinJeong
name: Khazendar, Ala
name: Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina
name: Wusk, Betsy
name: Albayrak, Arif
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
subject: commercial SAR
subject: smallsats (small satellites)
subject: surface deformation and change
subject: interferometry (InSAR)
subject: Earth observation

description: In response to the 2017 Decadal Survey, NASA conducted a five-year study on the Surface Deformation and Change (SDC) designated observable to study potential mission concepts. As part of the SDC mission study, the Commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (ComSAR) subgroup was tasked with evaluating the current landscape of the SAR and interferometric SAR (InSAR) industry to assess whether NASA could leverage commercial smallsat products to meet the needs of the SDC science mission. The assessment found that although the commercial SAR industry is growing rapidly, off-the-shelf products can currently only make a small—albeit distinct—contribution to SDC mission goals. This gap is due to different design goals between current commercial systems (which prioritize targeted high-resolution, non-interferometric observations at short wavelengths with a daily or faster revisit) and a future SDC architecture (which focuses on broad, moderate-resolution, and interferometric observations at long wavelengths). Even by 2030, planned commercial constellations are expected to only cover ? {\sim \65% of the area needed to match NISAR coverage. Still, high-resolution and rapid-repeat capabilities can augment scientific findings from a future SDC mission, as demonstrated by recent contributions from commercial data to applied sciences, cryosphere, and volcanology. Future innovations on smallsat constellation concepts could further contribute to SDC science and applications. Although current constellation designs are not fully able to satisfy desired SDC science capabilities, initial positive feedback to a request for information indicates a potential future path for a customized SDC commercial architecture; more studies will be needed to determine the feasibility of these approaches.
Additional file 2 of Subgingival microbiome of deep and shallow periodontal sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study
Creators: name: Lehenaff, Ryanne
name: Tamashiro, Ryan
name: Nascimento, Marcelle M.
name: Kyulim Lee
name: Jenkins, Renita
name: Whitlock, Joan
name: Li, Eric C.
name: Sidhu, Gurjit
name: Anderson, Susanne
name: Progulske-Fox, Ann
name: Bubb, Michael R.
name: Chan, Edward K. L.
name: Wang, Gary P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Table S1. Association between RA disease severity and alpha diversity of the subgingival microbiome. Mixed linear models that included the RAPID3 score of RA disease severity and probe depth (shallow vs. deep) were created for each alpha diversity metric. Subject identity was included as a random effect. Model coefficient estimates, standard error (SE) of the estimates, and p values are shown. OTUs: Operational taxonomic units.
title: Predicting the Frequency of Low Cloud Mesoscale Morphologies in Southern Ocean Extratropical Cyclones Using Cloud Controlling Factors
Creators: name: Tong, Shuoyun
name: Wood, Robert
name: Yuan, Tianle
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2025

description: Shortwave radiation biases over the Southern Ocean (SO) stem largely from a poor understanding of low clouds in the cold sectors of extratropical cyclones, where rapid transitions between low cloud mesoscale morphologies are frequent. Stratus dominates the poleward regime of the cyclones. It transitions into closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) downstream and then to open MCC in the cold sector of cyclones. Clustered and suppressed cumulus are often found in the warm sector. Principal component (PC) analysis is applied to a set of cloud controlling factors to characterize properties of the entire extratropical cyclone that are critical to low cloud mesoscale morphologies. The first two PCs are strongly related to cyclone intensity and sea surface temperature averaged over the cyclone domain, respectively. Daily average insolation at the top of the atmosphere, which has large seasonal and latitudinal variability over the SO, is used as an additional independent predictor. Closed and open MCC are negatively correlated with insolation, while disorganized MCC and clustered cumulus are positively correlated with insolation. In stronger cyclones, closed MCC, open MCC, and clustered cumulus tend to be more frequent, whereas stratus and suppressed cumulus tend to be less common. In cyclones over a colder sea surface, closed MCC and stratus are more abundant, and clustered cumulus and suppressed cumulus are less abundant. These results deepen the current understanding of low cloud processes and provide insights of transitions between morphologies, and thus changes in cloud radiative effects, over the SO in a changing climate.
Additional file 1 of Subgingival microbiome of deep and shallow periodontal sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study
Creators: name: Lehenaff, Ryanne
name: Tamashiro, Ryan
name: Nascimento, Marcelle M.
name: Kyulim Lee
name: Jenkins, Renita
name: Whitlock, Joan
name: Li, Eric C.
name: Sidhu, Gurjit
name: Anderson, Susanne
name: Progulske-Fox, Ann
name: Bubb, Michael R.
name: Chan, Edward K. L.
name: Wang, Gary P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Differentially abundant OTUs between deep and shallow sites in non-RA controls. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using LEfSe and met the minimum LDA score of 2. OTUs enriched in deep subgingival sites are shown in red, and OTUs more abundant in shallow sites are shown in dark blue. OTU: Operational taxonomic unit. Figure S2: Differentially abundant metagenome functions between deep and shallow sites in non-RA controls. Metagenome functions were predicted using 16S rRNA data and PICRUSt. Differentially abundant gene functions were identified using LEfSe and met the minimum LDA score of 2. Gene functions enriched in deep sites are shown in red, whereas functions more abundant in shallow sites are shown in dark blue.