cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theoretical limit of the minimal magnetization switching field and the optimal field pulse for Stoner particles
Creators: name: Sun, Z. Z.
name: Wang, X. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical limit of the minimal magnetization switching field and the optimal field pulse design for uniaxial Stoner particles are investigated. Two results are obtained. One is the existence of a theoretical limit of the smallest magnetic field out of all possible designs. It is shown that the limit is proportional to the damping constant in the weak damping regime and approaches the Stoner-Wohlfarth (SW) limit at large damping. For a realistic damping constant, this limit is more than ten times smaller than that of so-called precessional magnetization reversal under a non-collinear static field. The other is on the optimal field pulse design: If the magnitude of a magnetic field does not change, but its direction can vary during a reversal process, there is an optimal design that gives the shortest switching time. The switching time depends on the field magnitude, damping constant, and magnetic anisotropy. However, the optimal pulse shape depends only on the damping constant.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Dark Matter Accretion into Supermassive Black Holes
Creators: name: Peirani, Sébastien
name: Pacheco, José Antonio De Freitas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic accretion rate of dark matter by a black hole is revisited. Under the assumption that the phase space density indicator, $Q=ρ_{\infty}/σ^3_{\infty}$, remains constant during the inflow, the derived accretion rate can be higher up to five orders of magnitude than the classical accretion formula, valid for non-relativistic and non-interacting particles, when typical dark halo conditions are considered. For these typical conditions, the critical point of the flow is located at distances of about 30-150 times the horizon radius. Application of our results to black hole seeds hosted by halos issued from cosmological simulations indicate that dark matter contributes to no more than ~10% of the total accreted mass, confirming that the bolometric quasar luminosity is related to the baryonic accretion history of the black hole.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends
Creators: name: Prasad, S.
name: Chandra, A.
name: Cavo, M.
name: Parasido, E.
name: Fricke, S.
name: Lee, Y.
name: D'Amone, E.
name: Gigli, G.
name: Albanese, C.
name: Rodriguez, O.
name: del Mercato, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures
Academic advising for Arts undergraduate students at English-speaking Canadian public universities
Creators: name: Trigg, Wendy A
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is the first Canadian study to determine current procedures and practice in for undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts English-speaking Canadian public universities. and to determine Arts advisors' perceptions of the impact of academic advising on student development and retention. A questionnaire was mailed to 82 academic advisors at 41 English public universities across Canada. Responses received represented 73% of eligible universities. Personal interviews followed with nine volunteers. Results showed that academic advising practice is not guided by formal policy that links the service to university and faculty goals. Instead, advising is evolving in response to the call for university accountability. Advising practices appear to be changing to meet the expectations and demands from students that their undergraduate experience facilitates the achievement of academic goals in association with career goals and other personal goals. Despite the lack of guiding policy on Arts academic advising, there is considerable amount of consistency in current practice across Canada. Advising is primarily a Faculty responsibility and the responsibility for delivering general academic advice has largely shifted from professors to professional advisors. Advisors have a broad range of responsibilities and extensive decision-making authority, especially in the areas of program planning with students, and in interpreting and applying policies and procedures. The hours that students can gain access to advising differs among Arts advising units. However, the methods of delivering advice are similar. In all advising units the student to advisor ratio is extremely high. Most units are responsible for providing the service to thousand of students. Arts advisors are also extensively involved a variety of outreach and liaison activities directed at potential and current students and the broader university community and the public. Arts academic advisors believe that advising improves student persistence to degree completion and hence also improves university retention rates. At the same time, some advisors perceive that central administration does not recognize the importance of the service and that this lack of recognition combined with heavy advising loads, complex policy and program regulations, and shrinking resources affects the quality of academic advising. Despite the difficulties mentioned by advisors, many advising units have initiatives in place to expand their academic advising service through joint strategies with other student services that will link students' short-term and long-term academic, career and life plans. The study concludes with recommendations on developing academic policy and programs, as well providing suggestions for further research.
Electric Field Induced Collapse of Charge-Ordered Phase in Manganites
Creators: name: Dong, S.
name: Zhu, C.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Wang, K. F.
name: Liu, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The colossal electroresistance in manganites is a concomitant of the electric field induced insulator-to-metal phase transition. A phenomenological phase transition model is proposed to study this electric field induced collapse of charge-ordered phase. The hysteresis of the phase transition is well explained using the effective medium approximation. The volume fraction of metallic region at the metal-to-insulator transition point is estimated as 30%. In addition, it is found that the critical electric field to melt the charge-ordered phase will decrease with the applied magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Kilonova rates from spherical and axisymmetrical models
Creators: name: Kóbori, József
name: Bagoly, Zsolt
name: Balázs, Lajos G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting the thermal emission from double neutron star merger events is a challenging task because of the quick fading of the observed flux. In order to create an efficient observing strategy for their observing method it is crucial to know their intrinsic rate. Unfortunately, the numerous models existing today predict this rate on a vary wide range. Hence, our goal in this paper is to investigate the effect of different level of approximations on the relative rate predictions. Also, we study the effect of distinct ejecta mass lay-outs on the light curve. We find that the ratio of the expected kilonova detections of the spherical to axisymmetrical models is 6:1 (or 2:1, depending on the input parameter set applied in our work). Nevertheless, the light curve shape is only slightly affected by the various ejecta alignments. This means that different ejecta layouts can produce light curves with similar shapes making it a challenging task to infer the structure of the matter outflow. Thus, we conclude that the uncertainty in the rate predictions arising from the various ejecta mass distribution models is negligible compared to the errors present in other input parameters (e.g. binary neutron star merger rate). In addition, we show that up to moderate redshifts (z < 0.2) the redshift distribution type (observed or uniform in volume) does not affect the expected relative rate estimations.
description: Published in MNRAS
Weak Measurements with Entangled Probes
Creators: name: Menzies, David
name: Korolkova, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Encoding the imaginary part of a weak value onto an initially entangled probe can modify its entanglement content - provided the probe observable can distinguish between states of different entropies. Apart from fundamental interest, this result illustrates the utility of the imaginary weak value as a calculational tool in certain entanglement concentration protocols.
description: 4 pages, single diagram
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION AND AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF COLLOCATED ACTIN/ MYOSIN REGIONS
Creators: name: Mokashi, Ronil Sudhir
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Actin
cell migration
Classification
ImageJ
Myosin
protrusions

description: This study illuminates the aspects of cell migration, which is central to many biological processes. To understand cell migration we examine the relationship between local cytoskeletal features and local morphology. We demonstrate this relationship on  cells  stained for Actin and  Myosin We connect the actin/myosin co-localizated structural organization to movements such as membrane protrusions. Membrane protrusions are good indicators of cell migration. Cells can sense the mechanical stiffness or the chemical identity of the surfaces they attach to. We show that these surfaces impact cytoskeletal structure. We develop a classifier to correlate the contextual features extracted from actin/myosin co-localized structure to different cell surfaces. We  also describe  a  new  distance based  metric  to  measure  the  strength  of  collocated  multi-channel  two dimensional data  for  user  selected  regions. We provide tools, implemented as plugins for the popular ImageJ toolkit, that are available for download by the general  public. These tools allow  biologists  to  specify  and  score  regions  of  interest  by  drawing  a  polygon  on their  image  with a point and click interface. Furthermore, we provide an algorithm that automatically identifies, annotates, and scores an interesting donut shaped region commonly occurring  in  vascular  smooth  muscle  cells  on  extra cellular matrix such as dry collagen, wet collagen, fibronectin and monolayer collagen.
ProtoSound: A Personalized and Scalable Sound Recognition System for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Users
Creators: name: Jain, Dhruv
name: Nguyen, Khoa Huynh Anh
name: Goodman, Steven
name: Grossman-Kahn, Rachel
name: Ngo, Hung
name: Kusupati, Aditya
name: Du, Ruofei
name: Olwal, Alex
name: Findlater, Leah
name: Froehlich, Jon E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent advances have enabled automatic sound recognition systems for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users on mobile devices. However, these tools use pre-trained, generic sound recognition models, which do not meet the diverse needs of DHH users. We introduce ProtoSound, an interactive system for customizing sound recognition models by recording a few examples, thereby enabling personalized and fine-grained categories. ProtoSound is motivated by prior work examining sound awareness needs of DHH people and by a survey we conducted with 472 DHH participants. To evaluate ProtoSound, we characterized performance on two real-world sound datasets, showing significant improvement over state-of-the-art (e.g., +9.7% accuracy on the first dataset). We then deployed ProtoSound's end-user training and real-time recognition through a mobile application and recruited 19 hearing participants who listened to the real-world sounds and rated the accuracy across 56 locations (e.g., homes, restaurants, parks). Results show that ProtoSound personalized the model on-device in real-time and accurately learned sounds across diverse acoustic contexts. We close by discussing open challenges in personalizable sound recognition, including the need for better recording interfaces and algorithmic improvements.
description: Published at the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) 2022
Josephson effect in superconducting constrictions with hybrid SF electrodes: peculiar properties determined by the misorientation of magnetizations
Creators: name: Zaitsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson current in SFcFS junctions with arbitrary transparency of the constriction (c) is investigated. The emphasis is done on the analysis of the supercurrent dependencies on the misorientation angle $θ$ between the in-plane magnetizations of diffusive ferromagnetic layers (F). It is found that the current-phase relation $I(ϕ)$ may be radically modified with the $θ$ variation: the harmonic $I_{1}\sin ϕ$ vanishes for definite value of $θ$ provided for identical orientation of the magnetizations ($θ=0$) the junction is in the $"π"$ state. The Josephson current may exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on the misorientation angle both for realization of $"0 "$ and $"π"$ state at $θ=0$. We also analyze the effect of exchange field induced enhancement of the critical current which may occur in definite range of $θ$.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JETP Letters
Model-based approach for analyzing prevalence of nuclear cataracts in elderly residents
Creators: name: Kodera, Sachiko
name: Hirata, Akimasa
name: Miura, Fumiaki
name: Rashed, Essam A.
name: Hatsusaka, Natsuko
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
name: Kubo, Eri
name: Sasaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent epidemiological studies have hypothesized that the prevalence of cortical cataracts is closely related to ultraviolet radiation. However, the prevalence of nuclear cataracts is higher in elderly people in tropical areas than in temperate areas. The dominant factors inducing nuclear cataracts have been widely debated. In this study, the temperature increase in the lens due to exposure to ambient conditions was computationally quantified in subjects of 50-60 years of age in tropical and temperate areas, accounting for differences in thermoregulation. A thermoregulatory response model was extended to consider elderly people in tropical areas. The time course of lens temperature for different weather conditions in five cities in Asia was computed. The temperature was higher around the mid and posterior part of the lens, which coincides with the position of the nuclear cataract. The duration of higher temperatures in the lens varied, although the daily maximum temperatures were comparable. A strong correlation (adjusted R2 > 0.85) was observed between the prevalence of nuclear cataract and the computed cumulative thermal dose in the lens. We propose the use of a cumulative thermal dose to assess the prevalence of nuclear cataracts. Cumulative wet-bulb globe temperature, a new metric computed from weather data, would be useful for practical assessment in different cities.
description: Submitted to Computers in Biology and Medicine
Hyperspectral Data Dimensionality Reduction and Applications
Creators: name: Safavi, Haleh
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Dimension Reduction
Independent Component Analysis
Principal Componet Analysis
Progressive dimensionality reduction
Projection index-based projection pursuit
projection pursuit

description: Dimensionality Reduction (DR) is a commonly used preprocessing technique to reduce data volumes to accomplish various tasks such as data compression, communication, transmission. Unfortunately, it also comes at a price which has two challenging issues needed to be resolved. One is that it must know the number of dimensions, q needed to be retained after DR a priori. The other is how to preserve desired data information through DR process. This dissertation develops Projection Pursuit (PP)-based Progressive Dimensionality Reduction (PDR) to address these two issues. To resolve the second issue, the PP-based DR (PP-DR) extends two well-known components analysis techniques, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) via a Projection Index which can be designed to capture desired data information. The resulting PP-DR is called PIPP-DR which includes PCA and ICA as it special cases with PI specified by data variance and mutual information where the PCA-generated Principal Components (PCs) and ICA-generated Independent Components (ICs) are also extended to Projection Index components (PICs). In order to deal with the first issue the PDR is particularly developed to by ranking PICs, in the sense of information prioritization measured by a specific criterion so the DR can be performed in a forward manner by dimensionality expansion or in a backward manner by dimensionality reduction progressively without appealing for the knowledge about the value of q. However, in order to reduce computational complexity a newly developed concept called Virtual Dimensionality (VD) can be used to lower bound and upper bound on the q, which are the VD and twice VD respectively. Since the value of q generally varies with different applications, the PDR is further extended to Dynamic Dimensionality Reduction (DDR) which allows users adapt the value of the q to meet various applications. To avoid repeatedly re-implementing DR as the traditional DR techniques do, the DDR makes use of PDR to adapt various applications. For illustrative purposes, three applications in hyperspectral data exploitation, land cover/use classification, Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) for spectral unmixing and endmember extraction are used for demonstration. Experimental results show that adapting the value of q to perform DDR is much more effective than traditional DR using a fixed value of q in all different applications.
Workplace racial/ethnic similarity, job satisfaction, and lumbar back health among warehouse workers: Asymmetric reactions across racial/ethnic groups
Creators: name: Hoppe, Annekatrin
name: Fujishiro, Kaori
name: Heaney, Catherine
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: asymmetric reactions
subject: diversity
subject: health
subject: job satisfaction
subject: relational demography
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 650 Management und unterstützende Tätigkeiten

description: Racial and ethnic minority employees constitute a significant proportion of the U.S. workforce. The literature on demographic similarity in the workplace suggests that the proportion of co-workers who share the same racial/ethnic background (racial/ethnic similarity) can influence job attitudes and employee well-being and that the reactions to racial/ethnic similarity may differ between the racially dominant and subordinate groups. This study applies status construction theory to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic similarity is associated with job satisfaction and lumbar back health among warehouse employees. We surveyed 361 warehouse workers (204 whites, 94 African-Americans, and 63 Latino workers) in 68 jobs in nine distribution centers in the United States. Multilevel analyses indicate that white and racial/ethnic minority groups react differently to racial/ethnic similarity. For job satisfaction, white employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are highly racially/ethnically similar to their colleagues, whereas Latino employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are racially/ethnically dissimilar to others. As for lumbar back health, among Latino and African-American employees, higher racial/ethnic similarity is associated with better lumbar back health whereas for white employees, the association is the opposite. Across all groups, moderate levels of racial/ethnic similarity were associated with the best lumbar back health.
Formation of spatial patterns in epidemic model with constant removal rate of the infectives
Creators: name: Liu, Quan-Xing
name: Jin, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper addresses the question of how population diffusion affects the formation of the spatial patterns in the spatial epidemic model by Turing mechanisms. In particular, we present theoretical analysis to results of the numerical simulations in two dimensions. Moreover, there is a critical value for the system within the linear regime. Below the critical value the spatial patterns are impermanent, whereas above it stationary spot and stripe patterns can coexist over time. We have observed the striking formation of spatial patterns during the evolution, but the isolated ordered spot patterns don't emerge in the space.
description: 7 figures, 7 pages; The modification according to the referees' remark
Hardware Results Demonstrating the Effectiveness of Defect Detection and Fault Localization Using Multiple Supply Pad Based IDDT Measurements
Creators: name: Acharyya, Dhruva Jyoti
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: defect based test
IDDT
multiple supply port
power grid
transient current
VLSI test

description: Testing a digital integrated circuit is a costly process especially those designed and fabricated in modern DSM technologies. As technology scales down, the transistor density increases without a proportional increase in the number of I/Os. This poses a big challenge to the controllability and observability of internal nodes for testing with good defect/fault coverage. With the evolution of newer methods of fabrication like dual damascene copper process for interconnects, newer defect mechanisms have started showing their prominence. Traditional methods of testing by applying logic stimulus at the inputs and observing the response at the outputs is somewhat a thing of the past. Most testing is done with the help of structures that are designed to assist testing. This form of testing popularly known as structural test is very commonly used in the industry and has had immense success over the past few years. However, with pushing technology feature sizes even these methods are being pushed to their limits. Testing using power supply current provides another alternative and has been quite popular in the form of IDDQ testing. The power supply port provides a global observation point for the IC and eases pattern generation efforts for observability. IDDQ testing has been successful not only because of its simplicity but it also provided important information about chip reliability which was otherwise unavailable from logic test. However, IDDQ has been suffering from signal to noise problems due to increase in background leakage current caused due to technology scaling. A more promising technique is using IDDT testing which is the Transient Current counterpart of IDDQ testing. IDDT has similar advantages as IDDQ and can offer more. In this thesis, we will present a few innovative IDDT techniques that can enable IDDT testing of modern VLSI chips. Variations of the proposed techniques can be applied to IDDQ testing as well to extend it capabilities. Our proposed method uses current measurements made at multiple supply ports of the IC instead of one cumulative global current which is the current practice. Measuring the individual current offers multiple advantages. In this work we will show how enhanced defect detection sensitivity can be achieved using multiple supply pad measurements and compare it with a similar global current based technique using hardware chips fabricated in IBM 130 nm SOI process. We also propose a technique that can be used for fault localization using multiple supply pad measurements. Along with detailed analysis of the sensitivities of the techniques, we also address some of the aspects of test instrumentation that will most likely have an impact on the measured currents.
Thermalization in the one-dimensional Salerno model lattice
Creators: name: Mithun, T.
name: Maluckov, A.
name: Manda, B. M.
name: Skokos, Ch.
name: Bishop, A.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Khare, A.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Salerno model constitutes an intriguing interpolation between the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) model and the more standard (non-integrable) discrete nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger (DNLS) one. The competition of local on-site nonlinearity and nonlinear dispersion governs the thermalization of this model. Here, we investigate the statistical mechanics of the Salerno one-dimensional lattice model in the nonintegrable case and illustrate the thermalization in the Gibbs regime. As the parameter interpolating between the two limits (from DNLS towards AL) is varied, the region in the space of initial energy and norm-densities leading to thermalization expands. The thermalization in the non-Gibbs regime heavily depends on the finite system size; we explore this feature via direct numerical computations for different parametric regimes.
description: 11 figures
title: Beiträge zur Bevölkerungs- und Wirtschafts-Statistik: 1. Wohnort und Arbeitsort der erwerbstätigen Bevölkerung von Winterthur und Vororten 1900. Eine bevölkerungs- und steuerstatistische Untersuchung. 2. Die Ernte-Erträge nach Quantum und Geldwert im Kanton Zürich für das Jahr 1907
title: Statistische Mittheilungen betreffend den Kanton Zürich
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Statistische Mitteilungen betreffend den Kanton Zürich
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Buchdruckerei Geschwister Ziegler
Year: 1909
Subjects: subject: 314 Allgemeine Statistiken zu Europa
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Winterthur
subject: Amtliche Statistik
subject: Bevölkerungsstatistik
subject: Wirtschaftsstatistik
subject: Landwirtschaftsstatistik

description: Inhalt: Wohnort und Arbeitsort der erwerbstätigen Bevölkerung von Winterthur und Vororten ; Die Ernte-Erträge nach Quantum und Geldwert im Kanton Zürich für das Jahr 1907.
«Wikipedia: una guía oculta y sin referencia» (resumen)
Creators: name: Aguila, Jesús Miguel Delgado Del
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80709 Social and Community Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel (2021). «Wikipedia: una guía oculta y sin referencia» (resumen), en: Libro de resúmenes. Encuentro Científico Internacional 2021 de verano (pp. 192-193). Lima, Perú: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Concytec). Disponible en https://doi.org/10.33017/ReCyTPeru2021.0001/
Coherence Length of Cold Exciton Gases in Coupled Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Yang, Sen
name: Hammack, A. T.
name: Fogler, M. M.
name: Butov, L. V.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Mach-Zehnder interferometer with spatial and spectral resolution was used to probe spontaneous coherence in cold exciton gases, which are implemented experimentally in the ring of indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells. A strong enhancement of the exciton coherence length is observed at temperatures below a few Kelvin. The increase of the coherence length is correlated with the macroscopic spatial ordering of excitons.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Light-induced magnetization precession in GaMnAs
Creators: name: Rozkotova, E.
name: Nemec, P.
name: Horodyska, P.
name: Sprinzl, D.
name: Trojanek, F.
name: Maly, P.
name: Novak, V.
name: Olejnik, K.
name: Cukr, M.
name: Jungwirth, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report dynamics of the transient polar Kerr rotation (KR) and of the transient reflectivity induced by femtosecond laser pulses in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As with no external magnetic field applied. It is shown that the measured KR signal consist of several different contributions, among which only the oscillatory signal is directly connected with the ferromagnetic order in (Ga,Mn)As. The origin of the light-induced magnetization precession is discussed and the magnetization precession damping (Gilbert damping) is found to be strongly influenced by annealing of the sample.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. accepted in Applied Physics Letters
Group Centric Information sharing Using Hierarchical Model
Creators: name: Mahale, Amit
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Group centric Information Sharing
Information Sharing
Joins
Add
Remove
Leave group semantics
Privacy
Semantic web
OWL
Java
Social Networks

description: Traditional security policies are often based on the concept of need to know and are typified by predefined and often rigid specifications of which principals and roles are pre-authorized to access the information. A recommendations of the 9/11 commission was to find ways to move from this traditional perspective toward one that emphasizes the need to share.  Ravi Sandhu and his colleagues have developed the Group centric secure information sharing model (gSIS) as a new model that is more adaptable to highly dynamic situations requiring information sharing.  We present an implementation of gSIS and demonstrate its usefulness to use-cases in information sharing in social media.  Our contributions include the prototype implementation, extension to the model such as hierarchical groups and necessary and sufficient conditions, and the use of the Semantic Web language for representing the central gSIS concepts and associated data.  Our framework uses a pragmatic approach of using semantic web technology to represent and reason about the hierarchy and procedural method to compute access decisions relying on the gSIS semantics.
Boojums in Rotating Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Hiromitsu
name: Tsubota, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A boojum is a topological defect that can form only on the surface of an ordered medium such as superfluid $^3$He and liquid crystals. We study theoretically boojums appearing between two phases with different vortex structures in two-component BECs where the intracomponent interaction is repulsive in one phase and attractive in the other. The detailed structure of the boojums is revealed by investigating its density distribution, effective superflow vorticity and pseudospin texture.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Cell type- and layer-specific inhibitory synaptic plasticity duringassociative learning
Creators: name: Park, Eunsol
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Neocortical GABAergic inhibitory neurons dynamically regulate cortical activity across various contexts. Modulation of inhibition has been proposed as a key mechanism enabling circuit rewiring during learning. By using in vivo Ca++ imaging and electrophysiology, prior studies have shown changes in the activity of different inhibitory neuron types during learning. However, these modulations vary depending on cell types, brain regions, layers, and tasks. Furthermore, inhibitory neurons form canonical microcircuits with excitatory and other inhibitory neurons, but the target specificity of these changes remains unclear.In this study, we investigated whether changes in inhibitory synaptic output onto excitatory pyramidal (Pyr) neurons during associative learning are cell type- and layer- specific. Using in vitro electrophysiology combined with transgenic mouse lines, we examined how somatostatin (SST)- and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory neurons change their synaptic output onto Pyr neurons in primary somatosensory (barrel) cortex following whisker-dependent sensory association training. We found that SST output onto layer 2/3 (L2/3) Pyr neurons, but not L5 Pyr neurons, was significantly reduced after one day of training. This reduction was specific to the training in which whisker stimulus predicts a reward and was observed only at the onset of the training.Given evidence of potential sex differences in PV neurons, we first investigated potential sex-dependent variations in PV neurons within barrel cortex. We found that PV synaptic output onto L5 Pyr neurons was higher in males than females. Intrinsic properties of PV neurons did not differ between sexes. We further examined whether PV synaptic output was differentially modulated between sexes during associative learning. Despite similar learning rates in males and females, PV synaptic output in L2/3 was reduced only in females. No training-dependent change was observed in L5 in either sex.Taken together, our findings indicate that reducing inhibitory synaptic output is a circuit modification unique to superficial layers during the early phase of learning. Furthermore, our study highlights sex as an important biological variable influencing circuit adaptations during learning.
GPU Random Walkers for Iterative Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Dukehart, Sean Peter
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: GPGPU
GPU
Image Segmentation
Interactive
Iterative
Random Walkers

description: Image segmentation is the act of partitioning an image into distinct regions based on properties that the pixels in those regions share, such as luminance, texture, or color. Image segmentation finds application in fields ranging from medical imaging to computer vision, all of which require the ability to distinguish contiguous regions. Based on user- specified foreground and background “ seed” pixels, the random walkers segmentation algorithm cal-culates probabilities for pixel- placed random walkers “ walking” across additional pixels that they are connected to and arriving at one of the seeds. The probability is calculated based on the variance of the shared property. This thesis presents an algorithm to expand the usefulness of random walkers that pro-vides the ability for interactive image segmentation and refinement. This approach mini-mizes delays in visual feedback during segmentation through the use of iterative processes. Starting with lower convergence thresholds leads to lower initial probabilities with less definitive segmentations. As more seed points are added and more is known about the de-sired segmentation, the system maintains interactivity for further refinements through dy-namic convergence thresholding. To aid in this computationally intensive process, highly parallel graphics processing units are employed. The implementation is developed as an Adobe  R Photoshop  R plug- in to enable comparison with other currently available image segmentation techniques.
Roadmap on quantum nanotechnologies
Creators: name: Laucht, Arne
name: Hohls, Frank
name: Ubbelohde, Niels
name: Gonzalez-Zalba, M Fernando
name: Reilly, David J
name: Stobbe, Søren
name: Schröder, Tim
name: Scarlino, Pasquale
name: Koski, Jonne V
name: Dzurak, Andrew
name: Yang, Chih-Hwan
name: Yoneda, Jun
name: Kuemmeth, Ferdinand
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
name: Pla, Jarryd
name: Hill, Charles
name: Salfi, Joe
name: Oiwa, Akira
name: Muhonen, Juha T
name: Verhagen, Ewold
name: LaHaye, Matthew D
name: Kim, Hyun Ho
name: Tsen, Adam W
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
name: Geresdi, Attila
name: Mol, Jan A
name: Mohan, Varun
name: Jain, Prashant K
name: Baugh, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phenomena are typically observable at length and time scales smaller than those of our everyday experience, often involving individual particles or excitations. The past few decades have seen a revolution in the ability to structure matter at the nanoscale, and experiments at the single particle level have become commonplace. This has opened wide new avenues for exploring and harnessing quantum mechanical effects in condensed matter. These quantum phenomena, in turn, have the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute and probe the nanoscale world. Here, we review developments in key areas of quantum research in light of the nanotechnologies that enable them, with a view to what the future holds. Materials and devices with nanoscale features are used for quantum metrology and sensing, as building blocks for quantum computing, and as sources and detectors for quantum communication. They enable explorations of quantum behaviour and unconventional states in nano- and opto-mechanical systems, low-dimensional systems, molecular devices, nano-plasmonics, quantum electrodynamics, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and more. This rapidly expanding intersection of nanotechnology and quantum science/technology is mutually beneficial to both fields, laying claim to some of the most exciting scientific leaps of the last decade, with more on the horizon.
description: Roadmap article with contributed sections and subsections on: 1. Metrology and sensing 2. Quantum light sources, cavities and detectors 3. Quantum computing with spins 4. Nano and opto-mechanics 5. Low-dimensional systems 6. Molecular devices 7. Nanoplasmonics (47 pages, 25 figures). Contains arXiv:1907.02625, arXiv:1907.07087, arXiv:2001.11119, arXiv:2011.13907
Universal Biophysical Synthesis
Creators: name: Maldonado, Dante Javier Castilla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 220315 Philosophy of Religion
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Natural Theology for the third millennium.Finding God in Nature.
(Definitive Edition)
All rights reserved Safe Creative Code: 1702200782500
Improved Information Retrieval through Set-based Preference Learning
Creators: name: Montminy III, Joseph Clarence
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer Science (0984)
Information Retrieval
Preference Learning
Set-based Preference Learning

description: I present a new information retrieval framework based on set-based preference learning that provides users with individually customized search results. While newer information retrieval algorithms can provide a much richer result set than traditional term-weighting methods, they adopt a one-size-fits-all approach. If one user prefers results with a wide variety of content and another prefers results narrowly focused around their query, one or both may be left dissatisfied if they receive the same set of results. I examine the sets of documents that a given user selected in response to previous searches. Using this data, I estimate their preference for result sets in terms of two criteria: the relevance of individual documents to the user's query and the overall diversity of content throughout the result set. Using this learned estimation, I then select a subset of all search results that best balances their personal preference for the two criteria. I demonstrate the effectiveness of my approach on toy domains, data from the Reuters news service, and the 20 Newsgroups data set.  I also present a heuristic to automatically estimate a user's valuation of document relevance relative to document diversity. Many existing methods for diversifying search result sets include parameters that control the role that relevance and diversity play in selecting search results. However, these methods do not automatically customize the values of these controlling parameters to individual users. I present an approach to estimate each user's personal valuation of relevance and diversity in search results automatically.
Quantum Fluctuations of Coulomb Potential as a Source of Flicker Noise. The Influence of External Electric Field
Creators: name: Kazakov, Kirill A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of the electromagnetic field produced by quantized matter in external electric field are investigated. A general expression for the power spectrum of fluctuations is derived within the long-range expansion. It is found that in the whole measured frequency band, the power spectrum of fluctuations exhibits an inverse frequency dependence. A general argument is given showing that for all practically relevant values of the electric field, the power spectrum of induced fluctuations is proportional to the field strength squared. As an illustration, the power spectrum is calculated explicitly using the kinetic model with the relaxation-type collision term. Finally, it is shown that the magnitude of fluctuations produced by a sample generally has a Gaussian distribution around its mean value, and its dependence on the sample geometry is determined. In particular, it is demonstrated that for geometrically similar samples, the power spectrum is inversely proportional to the sample volume. Application of the obtained results to the problem of flicker noise is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Chronic calcium signaling in IgE+ B cells limits plasma cell differentiation and survival
Creators: name: Newman, Rebecca
name: Tolar, Pavel
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Imaging
subject: Structural Biology & Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: In contrast to other antibody isotypes, B cells switched to IgE respond transiently and do not give rise to long-lived plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells. To better understand IgE-BCR-mediated control of IgE responses, we developed whole-genome CRISPR screening that enabled comparison of IgE+ and IgG1+ B cell requirements for proliferation, survival, and differentiation into PCs. IgE+ PCs exhibited dependency on the PI3K-mTOR axis that increased protein amounts of the transcription factor IRF4. In contrast, loss of components of the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT pathway promoted IgE+ PC differentiation. Mice bearing a B cell-specific deletion of calcineurin B1 exhibited increased production of IgE+ PCs. Mechanistically, sustained elevation of intracellular calcium in IgE+ PCs downstream of the IgE-BCR promoted BCL2L11-dependent apoptosis. Thus, chronic calcium signaling downstream of the IgE-BCR controls the self-limiting character of IgE responses and may be relevant to the accumulation of IgE-producing cells in allergic disease.
FlowSense: Monitoring Airflow in Building Ventilation Systems Using Audio Sensing
Creators: name: Chhaglani, Bhawana
name: Zakaria, Camellia
name: Lechowicz, Adam
name: Shenoy, Prashant
name: Gummeson, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Proper indoor ventilation through buildings' heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has become an increasing public health concern that significantly impacts individuals' health and safety at home, work, and school. While much work has progressed in providing energy-efficient and user comfort for HVAC systems through IoT devices and mobile-sensing approaches, ventilation is an aspect that has received lesser attention despite its importance. With a motivation to monitor airflow from building ventilation systems through commodity sensing devices, we present FlowSense, a machine learning-based algorithm to predict airflow rate from sensed audio data in indoor spaces. Our ML technique can predict the state of an air vent-whether it is on or off-as well as the rate of air flowing through active vents. By exploiting a low-pass filter to obtain low-frequency audio signals, we put together a privacy-preserving pipeline that leverages a silence detection algorithm to only sense for sounds of air from HVAC air vent when no human speech is detected. We also propose the Minimum Persistent Sensing (MPS) as a post-processing algorithm to reduce interference from ambient noise, including ongoing human conversation, office machines, and traffic noises. Together, these techniques ensure user privacy and improve the robustness of FlowSense. We validate our approach yielding over 90% accuracy in predicting vent status and 0.96 MSE in predicting airflow rate when the device is placed within 2.25 meters away from an air vent. Additionally, we demonstrate how our approach as a mobile audio-sensing platform is robust to smartphone models, distance, and orientation. Finally, we evaluate FlowSense privacy-preserving pipeline through a user study and a Google Speech Recognition service, confirming that the audio signals we used as input data are inaudible and inconstructible.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, Will appear in March issue of the IMWUT 2022 journal
Awareness Raising Posters - Trees in Cities - CLEARING HOUSE
Creators: name: Kharbouch, Zahra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: These are posters created from the CLEARING HOUSE awareness campaign #HugATree of March 2022. These posters have been displayed in the city of Uccle, Belgium and are available to be displayed in any other cities. If a city is interested in displaying them but want to add your logo or details about your city, or edit them for translation, please contact us: hello@clearinghouseproject.eu