cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Solidity of viscous liquids. IV. Density fluctuations
Creators: name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is the fourth in a series exploring the physical consequences of the solidity of highly viscous liquids. It is argued that the two basic characteristics of a flow event (a jump between two energy minima in configuration space) are the local density change and the sum of all particle displacements. Based on this it is proposed that density fluctuations are described by a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation with rates in k-space of the form $Γ_0+Dk^2$ with $D\ggΓ_0a^2$ where $a$ is the average intermolecular distance. The inequality expresses a long-wavelength dominance of the dynamics which implies that the Hamiltonian (free energy) may be taken to be ultra local. As an illustration of the theory the case with the simplest non-trivial Hamiltonian is solved to second order in the Gaussian approximation, where it predicts an asymmetric frequency dependence of the isothermal bulk modulus with Debye behavior at low frequencies and an $ω^{-1/2}$ decay of the loss at high frequencies. Finally, a general formalism for the description of viscous liquid dynamics, which supplements the density dynamics by including stress fields, a potential energy field, and molecular orientational fields, is proposed.
Inequalities for inert primes and their applications
Creators: name: He, Zilong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any given non-square integer $ D\equiv 0,1 \pmod{4} $, we prove Euclid's type inequalities for the sequence $ \{q_{i}\} $ of all primes satisfying the Kronecker symbol $ (D/q_{i})=-1 $, $ i=1,2,\cdots, $ and give a new criterion on a ternary quadratic form to be irregular as an application, which simplifies Dickson and Jones's argument in the classification of regular ternary quadratic forms to some extent.
description: International Journal of Number Theory. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1905.01423
Kamtinuwy em Goiânia
Creators: name: Mỹky, Kamtinuwy
name: Bardagil Mas, Bernat
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: irn

description: No Memorial do Cerrado, Kamtinuwy conta a viagem a Goiânia junto com Bernat para participar em uma palestra no Núcleo Takinahakỹ da Universidade Federal de Goiás.
At the Memorial do Cerrado museum, Kamtinuwy recounts her trip alongside Bernat to Goiânia to give an invited talk at the Núcleo Takinahakỹ of the Federal University of Goiás.
Iterative Mask Filling: An Effective Text Augmentation Method Using Masked Language Modeling
Creators: name: Kesgin, Himmet Toprak
name: Amasyali, Mehmet Fatih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data augmentation is an effective technique for improving the performance of machine learning models. However, it has not been explored as extensively in natural language processing (NLP) as it has in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel text augmentation method that leverages the Fill-Mask feature of the transformer-based BERT model. Our method involves iteratively masking words in a sentence and replacing them with language model predictions. We have tested our proposed method on various NLP tasks and found it to be effective in many cases. Our results are presented along with a comparison to existing augmentation methods. Experimental results show that our proposed method significantly improves performance, especially on topic classification datasets.
description: Published in International Conference on Advanced Engineering, Technology and Applications (ICAETA 2023). The final version is available online at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-50920-9_35
Scanned gate microscopy of a one-dimensional quantum dot
Creators: name: Zhang, Lingfeng M.
name: Fogler, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze electrostatic interaction between a sharp conducting tip and a thin one-dimensional wire, e.g., a carbon nanotube, in a scanned gate microscopy (SGM) experiment. The problem is analytically tractable if the wire resides on a thin dielectric substrate above a metallic backgate. The characteristic spatial scale of the electrostatic coupling to the tip is equal to its height above the substrate. Numerical simulations indicate that imaging of individual electrons by SGM is possible once the mean electron separation exceeds this scale (typically, a few tens of nm). Differences between weakly and strongly invasive SGM regimes are pointed out.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. To appear in NanoLetters
AlabOS: A Python-based Reconfigurable Workflow Management Framework for Autonomous Laboratories
Creators: name: Fei, Yuxing
name: Rendy, Bernardus
name: Kumar, Rishi
name: Dartsi, Olympia
name: Sahasrabuddhe, Hrushikesh P.
name: McDermott, Matthew J.
name: Wang, Zheren
name: Szymanski, Nathan J.
name: Walters, Lauren N.
name: Milsted, David
name: Zeng, Yan
name: Jain, Anubhav
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent advent of autonomous laboratories, coupled with algorithms for high-throughput screening and active learning, promises to accelerate materials discovery and innovation. As these autonomous systems grow in complexity, the demand for robust and efficient workflow management software becomes increasingly critical. In this paper, we introduce AlabOS, a general-purpose software framework for orchestrating experiments and managing resources, with an emphasis on automated laboratories for materials synthesis and characterization. AlabOS features a reconfigurable experiment workflow model and a resource reservation mechanism, enabling the simultaneous execution of varied workflows composed of modular tasks while eliminating conflicts between tasks. To showcase its capability, we demonstrate the implementation of AlabOS in a prototype autonomous materials laboratory, A-Lab, with around 3,500 samples synthesized over 1.5 years.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Low-frequency vacuum squeezing via polarization self-rotation in Rb vapor
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Eugeniy E.
name: Novikova, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed squeezed vacuum light at 795 nm in 87Rb vapor via resonant polarization self-rotation, and report noise sidebands suppression of ~1 dB below shot noise level spanning from acoustic (30 kHz) to MHz frequencies. This is the first demonstration of sub-MHz quadrature vacuum squeezing in atomic systems. The spectral range of observed squeezing matches well typical bandwidths of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances, making this simple technique for generation of optical fields with non-classical statistics at atomic transitions wavelengths attractive for EIT-based quantum information protocols applications.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Symmetry breaking induced by 't Hooft non-abelian flux
Creators: name: Salvatori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a SU(N) gauge theory on $\mathcal{M}_4 \times T^2$. We find and catalogue all possible degenerate zero-energy stable configurations in the case of trivial or non-trivial 't Hooft non abelian flux. We describe the residual symmetries of each vacua and the 4-dimensional effective spectrum in terms of continous and discrete parameters, respectively.
description: 5 pages, Contribution to the proceedings of SUSY06 (Irvine, CA, USA) and IRGAC06 (Barcelona, Spain)
Galilean Equivalence for Galactic Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kesden, Michael
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Satellite galaxies are tidally disrupted as they orbit the Milky Way. If dark matter (DM) experiences a stronger self-attraction than baryons, stars will preferentially gain rather than lose energy during tidal disruption leading to an enhancement in the trailing compared to the leading tidal stream. The Sgr dwarf galaxy is seen to have roughly equal streams, challenging models in which DM and baryons accelerate differently by more than 10%. Future observations and a better understanding of DM distribution should allow detection of equivalence violation at the percent level.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, final version published in PRL
Embedded Majorana Islands
Creators: name: Hou, Jin-Xing
name: Westström, Alex
name: Wang, Rui
name: Yang, Wen-Li
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesoscopic superconducting islands hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs), or Majorana islands in short, offer a prototype of topological qubits. In this work we investigate theoretically the model of a generic Majorana island tunneling-coupled to a single-piece metallic substrate, hence an \textit{embedded Majorana island}. We show the crucial consequences of an interplay between the topological ground states nonlocally addressed by the MZMs and the metallic bath with coherent electron propagation: on the one hand, the topological degeneracy on the Majorana island can be preserved, by virtue of the particle-hole symmetry, despite the apparent bath-induced coupling between MZMs; on the other hand, the electronic interference in the metallic bath may lead to profound alterations to the renormalization group behavior of the hybrid system towards low energy/temperature compared with conventional Kondo physics. This work serves to establish the model of embedded Majorana islands as an experimentally relevant and theoretically intriguing problem particularly in the direction of topological quantum computation.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Mensagem de Luíz Tamuxi
Creators: name: Tamuxi, Luiz
name: Bardagil Mas, Bernat
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: Manoki language

description: Luíz Tamuxi fala para Bernat uma mensagem que ele tem que dar para os pais dele, de volta na Catalunha.
Luíz Tamuxi gives Bernat a message for his parents when he goes back home in Catalonia.
Nuclear Magnetic Moment of the 57Cu Ground State
Creators: name: Minamisono, K.
name: Mantica, P. F.
name: Mertzimekis, T. J.
name: Davies, A. D.
name: Hass, M.
name: Pereira, J.
name: Pinter, J. S.
name: Rogers, W. F.
name: Stoker, J. B.
name: Tomlin, B. E.
name: Weerasiri, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear magnetic moment of the ground state of 57Cu has been measured to be 2.00 +/- 0.05 nuclear magnetons (nm) using the beta-NMR technique. Together with the known magnetic moment of the mirror partner 57Ni, the spin extraction value was extracted as -0.78 +/- 0.13. This is the heaviest isospin T=1/2 mirror pair above the 40Ca region, for which both ground state magnetic moments have been determined. Shell model calculations in full fp shell giving mu(57Cu)~2.4 nm and ~0.5 imply significant shell breaking at 56Ni with the neutron number N=28.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted in PRL
Different measurements of pupil size as response to auditory affective stimuli and their application in a visual perception task
Creators: name: Lukas, Sarah
name: Yuras, Gabriel
name: Huckauf, Anke
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The presented research deals with pupil size as a response to auditory affective stimuli with respect to the valence as well as the arousal of the presented stimuli. Different measurements as general pupil size change, change at a certain point of time, maximum, and maximum latency are presented. In a second step, we use the knowledge of these measurements to apply them in a visual perception task to investigate effects of emotional impact on the visual field of view.
Atomistic and mean-field estimates of effective stiffness tensor of nanocrystalline materials of hexagonal symmetry
Creators: name: Kowalczyk-Gajewska, Katarzyna
name: Maździarz, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic core-shell model of a nano-grained polycrystal is extended to estimate the effective elastic stiffness of several metals of hexagonal crystal lattice symmetry. In the approach the bulk nanocrystalline material is described as a two-phase medium with different properties for a grain boundary zone and a grain core. While the grain core is anisotropic, the boundary zone is isotropic and has a thickness defined by the cutoff radius of a corresponding atomistic potential for the considered metal. The predictions of the proposed meanfield model are verified with respect to simulations performed with the use of the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, the Embedded Atom Model, and the molecular statics method. The effect of the grain size on the overall elastic moduli of nanocrystalline material with random distribution of orientations is analysed.
description: 31 pages, 24 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1908.01644
Doping dependence of phonon and quasiparticle heat transport of pure and Dy-doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ} single crystals
Creators: name: Sun, X. F.
name: Ono, S.
name: Zhao, X.
name: Pang, Z. Q.
name: Abe, Y.
name: Ando, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature and magnetic-field (H) dependences of thermal conductivity (κ) of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ} (Bi2212) are systematically measured for a broad doping range by using both pure Bi2212 single crystals with tuned oxygen contents and Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{1-x}Dy_xCu_2O_{8+δ} (Dy-Bi2212) single crystals with different Dy contents x. In the underdoped samples, the quasiparticle (QP) peak below T_c is strongly suppressed, indicating strong QP scattering by impurities or oxygen defects, whereas the phonon conductivity is enhanced in moderately Dy-doped samples and a phonon peak at 10 K is observed for the first time in Bi2212 system, which means Dy^{3+} ions not only introduce the impurities or point defects but also stabilize the crystal lattice. The subkelvin data show that the QP heat conductivity gradually decreases upon lowering the hole doping level. The magnetic-field dependence of κat temperature above 5 K is mainly due to the QP scattering off vortices. While the underdoped pure Bi2212 show very weak field dependence of κ, the Dy-doped samples present an additional "dip"-like term of κ(H) at low field, which is discussed to be related to the phonon scattering by free spins of Dy^{3+} ions. For non-superconducting Dy-Bi2212 samples with x \simeq 0.50, an interesting "plateau" feature shows up in the low-T κ(H) isotherms with characteristic field at 1 -- 2 T, for which we discuss the possible revlevance of magnon excitations.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius Type AJ
Figs 2, 18G–J
Last-stage lecithotrophic y-nauplius of an undescribed species – Dreyer et al. 2023b: 87–88, 90, 94, fig. 6.
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 4 LSN; 2018–2019 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body spoon- or ladle-shaped in dorso-ventral view; about 1.6 times as long as wide; cephalic shield widely ovate, with weak but distinct discontinuity in body outline leading into trunk; lateral margins of trunk tapering towards truncate caudal end bearing large dorso-caudal spine with base half as wide as posterior end of trunk. In lateral view, trunk axis downturned ca 50° with respect to cephalic axis. Length ca 350 µm (without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width ca 230 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness ca 130 µm. Labrum not examined in detail but apparently produced as trapezoidal elevation; surface structures not examined. Dorso-caudal spine ca 80 µm long, upturned ca 10–15° with respect to trunk axis, flanked ventro-laterally by pair of curved, postero-ventrally directed furcal spines 15–20 µm long.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Body overall weakly brownish but with lateral margins of cephalon and terminal part of telson distinctly darker brown. In earlier phase of LSN, gut-like tube as well as paired lateral diverticula in cephalon packed with brown and clear yolk granules in more or less symmetrical pattern. Telson about as long as wide and less than half as long as thorax.
Identification and variation
Easily recognizable by its general body form and distinctive brown and white coloration. Little variation is seen among specimens except in color pattern, differences possibly being attributable to the degree of development.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
The prompt optical/near-infrared flare of GRB 050904: the most luminous transient ever detected
Creators: name: Kann, D. A.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Klose, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a redshift of z=6.295, GRB 050904 is the most distant gamma-ray burst ever discovered. It was an energetic event at all wavelengths and the afterglow was observed in detail in the near-infrared bands. We gathered all available optical and NIR afterglow photometry of this GRB to construct a composite NIR light curve spanning several decades in time and flux density. Transforming the NIR light curve into the optical, we find that the afterglow of GRB 050904 was more luminous at early times than any other GRB afterglow in the pre-\emph{Swift} era, making it at these wavelengths the most luminous transient ever detected. Given the intrinsic properties of GRB 050904 and its afterglow, we discuss if this burst is markedly different from other GRBs at lower redshifts.
description: The Astronomical Journal, in press; revised version, including the comments of the referee (one figure added, text restructured, all conclusions unchanged), 7 pages, 3 figures
Fast Photometric Variability of Very Low Mass Stars in IC 348: Detection of Superflare in an M-dwarf
Creators: name: Ghosh, Samrat
name: Mondal, Soumen
name: Dutta, Somnath
name: Das, Ramkrishna
name: Joshi, Santosh
name: Lata, Sneh
name: Khata, Dhrimadri
name: Panja, Alik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here optical I-band photometric variability study down to $\simeq$ 19 mag of a young ($\sim$2-3 Myr) star-forming region IC 348 in the Perseus molecular cloud. We aim to explore the fast rotation (in the time-scales of hours) in Very Low Mass stars (VLMs) including Brown Dwarfs (BDs). From a sample of 177 light-curves using our new I-band observations, we detect new photometric variability in 22 young M-dwarfs including 6 BDs, which are bonafide members in IC 348 and well-characterized in the spectral type of M-dwarfs. Out of 22 variables, 11 M dwarfs including one BD show hour-scale periodic variability in the period range 3.5 - 11 hours and rest are aperiodic in nature. Interestingly, an optical flare is detected in a young M2.75 dwarf in one night data on 20 December 2016. From the flare light curve, we estimate the emitted flared energy of 1.48 $\times$ 10$^{35}$ ergs. The observed flared energy with an uncertainty of tens of per cent is close to the super-flare range ($\sim$ 10$^{34}$ ergs), which is rarely observed in active M dwarfs.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Flexible spatial frequency tuning indicates multiple mechanisms of surround suppression
Creators: name: Chambers, Alison
name: Roach, Neil
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Contrast sensitivity can be substantially reduced by the presence of nearby stimuli, a phenomenon referred to as surround suppression. Previous studies have measured contrast sensitivity as a function of surround spatial frequency and revealed surround suppression is band-pass tuned around the target frequency (Petrov, Carandini & McKee, 2005; Serrano-Pedraza, Grady & Read, 2012). This pattern of tuning implies that surround suppression reflects inhibition from cells with similar tuning preferences as the target.  To date the spatial frequency tuning of surround suppression has been investigated using a limited range of stimulus parameters. We sought to determine to what extent the band-pass tuning observed in previous research was dependent on the phase of the surround, surround contrast, target size and the spatial configuration of the surround. Manipulation of these parameters changed the selectivity of surround suppression and revealed under different conditions that surround suppression can be low-pass tuned, broadly tuned or show no tuning at all to surround spatial frequency. Our results suggest that the characteristic band-pass tuning previously reported is not a universal property of surround suppression, but may represent the tuning associated with just one of multiple components contributing to the inhibitory influence of surrounding stimuli.
All-optical generation and photoassociative probing of sodium Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Dumke, R.
name: Johanning, M.
name: Gomez, E.
name: Weinstein, J. D.
name: Jones, K. M.
name: Lett, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonsatrate an all optical technique to evaporatively produce sodium Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We use a crossed-dipole trap formed from light near 1060 nm, and a simple ramp of the intensity to force evaporation. In addition, we introduce photoassociation as diagnostic of the trap loading process, and show that it can be used to detect the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation. Finally, we demonstrate the straightforward production of multiple traps with condensates using this technique, and that some control over the spinor state of the BEC is achieved by positioning the trap as well.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Quantum Cosmological Correlations in an Inflating Universe: Can fermion and gauge fields loops give a scale free spectrum?
Creators: name: Chaicherdsakul, Kanokkuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper extends the calculation of quantum corrections to the cosmological correlation $$, which has been done by Weinberg for a loop of minimally coupled scalars, to other types of matter loops and a general and realistic potential. It is shown here that departures from scale invariance are never large even when Dirac, vector, and conformal scalar fields are present \emph{during} inflation. No fine tuning is needed, in the sense that effective masses or coupling constants can have arbitrary values. Even when the mass is as large as $M_{Pl}$, the one-loop result is still naturally smaller than the classical one. Thus, the results show that the existence of these fields \emph{during} inflation may not be ruled out and is consistent with natural reheating.
description: 52 pages,v2:changed local report-no,v3 added references, corrected typos, clarified contents, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Jet substructure measurements in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Vertesi, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions is a rapidly evolving area with lots of intriguing new measurements. This contribution presents a selection of recent jet-substructure measurements from experiments at the LHC, in particular, soft-drop groomed radii of jets and reclustered large-radius jets from ATLAS, jet axis difference and generalized jet angularities from ALICE, as well as dijet shapes and b-jet shapes from the CMS experiment.
description: Conference proceedings, 5 pages
Measuring dark energy properties with 3D cosmic shear
Creators: name: Heavens, A. F.
name: Kitching, T. D.
name: Taylor, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present parameter estimation forecasts for present and future 3D cosmic shear surveys. We demonstrate that, in conjunction with results from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, the properties of dark energy can be estimated with very high precision with large-scale, fully 3D weak lensing surveys. In particular, a 5-band, 10,000 square degree ground-based survey to a median redshift of zm=0.7 could achieve 1-$σ$ marginal statistical errors, in combination with the constraints expected from the CMB Planck Surveyor, of $Δ$w0=0.108 and $Δ$wa=0.099 where we parameterize w by w(a)=w0+wa(1-a) where a is the scale factor. Such a survey is achievable with a wide-field camera on a 4 metre class telescope. The error on the value of w at an intermediate pivot redshift of z=0.368 is constrained to $Δ$w(z=0.368)=0.0175. We compare and combine the 3D weak lensing constraints with the cosmological and dark energy parameters measured from planned Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and supernova Type Ia experiments, and find that 3D weak lensing significantly improves the marginalized errors. A combination of 3D weak lensing, CMB and BAO experiments could achieve $Δ$w0=0.037 and $Δ$wa=0.099. Fully 3D weak shear analysis avoids the loss of information inherent in tomographic binning, and we show that the sensitivity to systematic errors is much less. In conjunction with the fact that the physics of lensing is very soundly based, this analysis demonstrates that deep, wide-angle 3D weak lensing surveys are extremely promising for measuring dark energy properties.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures. Accepted to MNRAS. Figures now in grayscale. Further discussions on non-Gaussianity and photometric redshift errors. Some references added
The Lifetimes of Star Clusters Born with a Top-heavy IMF
Creators: name: Haghi, Hosein
name: Safaei, Ghasem
name: Zonoozi, Akram Hasani
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several observational and theoretical indications suggest that the initial mass function (IMF) becomes increasingly top-heavy (i.e., overabundant in high-mass stars with mass $m > 1M_{\odot}$) with decreasing metallicity and increasing gas density of the forming object. This affects the evolution of globular clusters (GCs) owing to the different mass-loss rates and the number of black holes formed. Previous numerical modeling of GCs usually assumed an invariant canonical IMF. Using the state-of-the-art $NBODY6$ code, we perform a comprehensive series of direct $N$-body simulations to study the evolution of star clusters, starting with a top-heavy IMF and undergoing early gas expulsion. Utilizing the embedded cluster mass-radius relation of Marks & Kroupa (2012) for initializing the models, and by varying the degree of top-heaviness, we calculate the minimum cluster mass needed for the cluster to survive longer than 12 Gyr. We document how the evolution of different characteristics of star clusters such as the total mass, the final size, the density, the mass-to-light ratio, the population of stellar remnants, and the survival of GCs is influenced by the degree of top-heaviness. We find that the lifetimes of clusters with different IMFs moving on the same orbit are proportional to the relaxation time to a power of $x$ that is in the range of 0.8 to 1. The observed correlation between concentration and the mass function slope in Galactic GCs can be accounted for excellently in models starting with a top-heavy IMF and undergoing an early phase of rapid gas expulsion.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Preliminary Study of B_K on 2+1 flavor DWF lattices from QCDOC
Creators: name: Cohen, Saul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present some preliminary calculations of B_K on 2+1 flavor domain-wall fermion lattices from the QCDOC, including a set of 16^3x32x8 lattices with a^{-1} near 1.6 GeV. Although a final result awaits the production of a much longer run, I will compare this preliminary value to previous results.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, talk given at Lattice 2005 (Weak Matrix Elements)
The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign
Creators: name: Aouad, Patrick Bahjet
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cerebral ischemia
subject: Cerebrovascular disease Diagnosis
subject: Brain Tomography

description: The Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign (HMCAS) is a specific finding on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) that correlates with acute ischaemic stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It is one of the first investigation findings that may be apparent to a clinician and has potential implications for management. Given that the HMCAS is seen on the routinely performed NECT brain scan and that its presence has significant time-critical clinical implications, a clear understanding of the sign is essential. A number of investigators have looked at characteristics associated with the sign including its reliability, sensitivity, specificity, association with stroke severity, comorbid associations, treatment response in patients who present with the sign and overall prognosis. The sign appears to be a consistent marker of severe stroke. Overall, the patient group presenting with the sign has been shown to have a poor short-term prognosis without thrombolytic therapy and poorer intermediate-long term outcome with thrombolytic therapy when compared to patients without the sign. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on the topic of the HMCAS, detailing and summarising the significant findings to date. Chapter 2 reports a prospective observational study that has confirmed previous results relating to the low sensitivity and high specificity of the sign. It looked carefully at comorbid associations with the sign as well as the intermediate-long term prognosis of patients not treated with thrombolytic therapy. The results showed that the sign was associated with a more severe initial neurological deficit, as well as atrial fibrillation (AF). The 3-6 month outcome of patients in this group was poor, with the majority being fully dependent or deceased on follow-up. Inter-observer agreement between the two reporting neuroradiologists was good, however, the study generated some doubt on the reliability and accuracy of HMCAS reporting in general. Chapter 3 presents a study that assessed the reliability of HMCAS reporting amongst clinicians with varying levels of experience. It also examined how accurately and consistently clinicians of similar experience report on the presence or absence of an HMCAS when reporting NECT scans. The results showed that if a scan was reported not to show an HMCAS, then this was highly likely to be the case regardless of the level of experience of the reporting clinician. However, true positive scans were far more difficult to report accurately. Chapter 4 outlines the key conclusions that can be derived from literature to date and the two studies. It further offers recommendations for clinicians dealing with HMCAS-positive patients in the setting of acute ischaemic stroke.
Epenthesis in children’s consonant cluster production: a perceptual and acoustical study
Creators: name: Eveson, Marta Kelcey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of the present study was to examine epenthesis in children's consonant cluster productions from phonological and phonetic perspectives. The following questions were investigated: (1) Do consonant clusters produced with an epenthetic vowel differ in duration from those without? (2) Is the epenthetic vowel in the consonant cluster consistent in length and quality, or do co-articulatory effects occur? (3) Is the epenthetic vowel dependent in terms of duration on the phrasal context or the duration of the syllable nucleus? The subjects, S1 (Charles) and S2 (Blair), were two of six subjects in a doctoral research study investigating the application of a nonlinear phonological framework to the assessment and remediation of phonological disorders. Consonant cluster data were transcribed from the original data. Acoustic measurements included the duration of consonant clusters with and without epenthesis and the duration of the epenthetic vowel. Results of the investigation show that consonant clusters with an epenthetic vowel are significantly longer in duration than those without. No coarticulatory effects were seen between the epenthetic vowel and the syllable nucleus suggesting that the epenthetic vowel is part of the consonant cluster unit which is governed by its own timing system. Prosodically, ^syllabification of the word occurs as a result of epenthesis in the consonant cluster. The implication of these results appears to be that the consonant cluster containing the epenthetic vowel needs to be considered as a separate timing unit and representationally attributed unitary status.
Controllable 3D atomic Brownian motor in optical lattices
Creators: name: Dion, Claude M.
name: Sjolund, Peder
name: Petra, Stefan J. H.
name: Jonsell, Svante
name: Nylen, Mats
name: Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent
name: Kastberg, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a Brownian motor, based on cold atoms in optical lattices, where atomic motion can be induced in a controlled manner in an arbitrary direction, by rectification of isotropic random fluctuations. In contrast with ratchet mechanisms, our Brownian motor operates in a potential that is spatially and temporally symmetric, in apparent contradiction to the Curie principle. Simulations, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, allow us to gain knowledge on the qualitative behaviour of our Brownian motor. Studies of Brownian motors, and in particular ones with unique control properties, are of fundamental interest because of the role they play in protein motors and their potential applications in nanotechnology. In particular, our system opens the way to the study of quantum Brownian motors.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the conference "Theoretical and Experimental Foundations of Recent Quantum Technologies" (Durban, South Africa)
ConSiDERS-The-Human Evaluation Framework: Rethinking Human Evaluation for Generative Large Language Models
Creators: name: Elangovan, Aparna
name: Liu, Ling
name: Xu, Lei
name: Bodapati, Sravan
name: Roth, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this position paper, we argue that human evaluation of generative large language models (LLMs) should be a multidisciplinary undertaking that draws upon insights from disciplines such as user experience research and human behavioral psychology to ensure that the experimental design and results are reliable. The conclusions from these evaluations, thus, must consider factors such as usability, aesthetics, and cognitive biases. We highlight how cognitive biases can conflate fluent information and truthfulness, and how cognitive uncertainty affects the reliability of rating scores such as Likert. Furthermore, the evaluation should differentiate the capabilities and weaknesses of increasingly powerful large language models -- which requires effective test sets. The scalability of human evaluation is also crucial to wider adoption. Hence, to design an effective human evaluation system in the age of generative NLP, we propose the ConSiDERS-The-Human evaluation framework consisting of 6 pillars -- Consistency, Scoring Criteria, Differentiating, User Experience, Responsible, and Scalability.
description: Accepted in ACL 2024
The Orbit and Occultations of KH 15D
Creators: name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Hamilton, Catrina M.
name: Herbst, William J.
name: Hoffman, Jennifer L.
name: Holman, Matthew J.
name: Johnson, John A.
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unusual flux variations of the pre-main-sequence binary star KH 15D have been attributed to occultations by a circumbinary disk. We test whether or not this theory is compatible with newly available data, including recent radial velocity measurements, CCD photometry over the past decade, and photographic photometry over the past 50 years. We find the model to be successful, after two refinements: a more realistic motion of the occulting feature, and a halo around each star that probably represents scattering by the disk. The occulting feature is exceptionally sharp-edged, raising the possibility that the dust in the disk has settled into a thin layer, and providing a tool for fine-scale mapping of the immediate environment of a T Tauri star. However, the window of opportunity is closing, as the currently visible star may be hidden at all orbital phases by as early as 2008.
description: To appear in ApJ [16 pages, 13 figures]
Architectural Design for Secure Smart Contract Development
Creators: name: Lewis, Myles
name: Crawford, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As time progresses, the need for more secure applications grows exponentially. The different types of sensitive information that is being transferred virtually has sparked a rise in systems that leverage blockchain. Different sectors are beginning to use this disruptive technology to evaluate the risks and benefits. Sectors like finance, medicine, higher education, and wireless communication have research regarding blockchain. Futhermore, the need for security standards in this area of research is pivotal. In recent past, several attacks on blockchain infrastructures have resulted in hundreds of millions dollars lost and sensitive information compromised. Some of these attacks include DAO attacks, bZx attacks, and Parity Multisignature Wallet Double Attacks which targeted vulnerabilities within smart contracts on the Ethereum network. These attacks exposed the weaknesses of current smart contract development practices which has led to the increase in distrust and adoption of systems that leverage blockchain for its functionality. In this paper, I identify common software vulnerabilities and attacks on blockchain infrastructures, thoroughly detail the smart contract development process and propose a model for ensuring a stronger security standard for future systems leveraging smart contracts. The purpose for proposing a model is to promote trust among end users in the system which is a foundational element for blockchain adoption in the future.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Cross section dependence of event rates at neutrino telescopes
Creators: name: Hussain, S.
name: Marfatia, D.
name: McKay, D. W.
name: Seckel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the dependence of event rates at neutrino telescopes on the neutrino-nucleon cross section for neutrinos with energy above 1 PeV, and contrast the results with those for cosmic ray experiments. Simple scaling of the Standard Model cross sections leaves the rates of upward events essentially unchanged. Details, such as detector depth and cross section inelasticity, can influence rates. Numerical estimates of upward shower, muon and tau event rates in the IceCube detector confirm these results.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Version to appear in PRL
Entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (3+1)D-conformal transformations
Creators: name: Scharnhorst, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relying on a mathematical analogy of the pure states of the two-qubit system of quantum information theory with four-component spinors we introduce the concept of the intrinsic entanglement of spinors. To explore its physical sense we study the entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (pseudo-) conformal transformations in (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time. We find that only those tensor product structures can sensibly be introduced in spinor space for which a given spinor is not entangled.
description: 15 pages LaTeX (v2: minor changes, headings introduced; v3: secs. 1, 5, 6 extended, references [2], [3], [10]-[17], [37], [38] added, final version to appear in Quant. Inf. Comput.)
Medical educators’ experience of anticipated curricular change to case/problem-based learning and its relationship to identity and role as teacher
Creators: name: Dharamsi, Shafik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Little is known about medical educators' experience of curricular change to problem-based learning and its relationship to identity and role as teacher. The adoption of novel approaches to teaching and learning in medical education requires educators to consider a significantly different role and responsibilities as teacher. This possibly will require substantial changes in ways of thinking about education. Those involved in such curricular reform are challenged to understand better how complex interactional processes and epistemological positions affect educators involved in change. This study used a phenomenographic research approach to explore and describe how the phenomenon of the experience of curricular change is interpreted by those who teach within one curriculum and are being moved to another. Essentially, the aim was to determine where a sampling of ten medical educators are in the position of curricular change and how they are trying to find their identity and role within it. Findings present how the educators experienced, explained and dealt with change, and how they framed their experience and made sense of it. As such, this study found how at times participants resisted change, how they supported it, and shifted ground within it. The educators' interpretations of curricular change and understanding of identity and role as teacher were facilitated by and dependent upon their criterion for judging the legitimacy of change. In articulating their thoughts, participants focused their discussions on issues of effectiveness. The term effectiveness was classified as a theme from which emerged the following categories: (1) beliefs about teaching, learning and evaluation; (2) the perceived time cornmitments required to plan, implement and sustain the new curriculum; and (3) administrative and political influences effecting curricular change. These were the three different, yet interlinked categories or influences that mediated the educators' responses to the different situations within the phenomenon of curricular change.
Physics at the University of Lviv: the first two centuries in the bibliographic aspect
Creators: name: Rovenchak, Andrij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed bibliography related to physics at the University of Lviv (Leopolis, Lemberg, Lwów) in 18th-19th centuries is presented. Over ninety works of various types are listed with a large share being illustrated by title or starting pages. Brief biographical accounts of the authors are given to put their works in the context of the University history.
Letter from the Royal Bank of Nanaimo, B.C., to [Frank] Hewer, September 12, 1906
Creators: name: Nanaimo, The Royal Bank Of
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Frank Hewer from the Royal Bank in Nanaimo, B.C., dated September 12, 1907, appearing as a social/ thank you letter.
A note on the Schottky problem
Creators: name: Yang, Jae-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H42, 14K25, 14H40, 11G18, 03C64

description: In this article, we discuss and survey the recent progress towards the Schottky problem, and make some comments on the relations between the Andr{é}-Oort conjecture, Okounkov convex bodies, Coleman's conjecture, stable modular forms, Siegel-Jacobi spaces, stable Jacobi forms and the Schottky problem.
description: 61 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1009.0369, arXiv:1508.03922 by other authors. I added some materials and some references. The title has been changed
Chiral magnon-polaron edge states in Heisenberg-Kitaev magnets
Creators: name: Mella, Jose D.
name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
name: Troncoso, Roberto E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of spin and lattice fluctuations in two-dimensional magnets without inversion symmetry is investigated. We find a general form for the magnetoelastic coupling between magnons and existing chiral phonons based on the symmetries of the crystalline lattice. We show that in hexagonal lattices, the coupling of magnons and chiral phonons derives from an anisotropic exchange spin model containing topological phases of magnons. Using the Heisenberg-Kitaev-$Γ$ model, we show how magnon-polaron edge states with circular polarization arise from this interaction. Our findings exploit the polarization degrees of freedom in spin-lattice systems, thus setting the ground for the transfer of angular momentum between chiral phonons and magnons.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures