cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Oblate Schwarzschild Approximation for Light Curves of Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Morsink, Sharon M.
name: Leahy, Denis A.
name: Cadeau, Coire
name: Braga, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple method for including the oblateness of a rapidly rotating neutron star when fitting X-ray light curves. In previous work we showed that the oblateness induced by rotation at frequencies above 300 Hz produces a geometric effect which needs to be accounted for when modelling light curves to extract constraints on the neutron star's mass and radius. In our model X-rays are emitted from the surface of an oblate neutron star and propagate to the observer along geodesics of the Schwarzschild metric for a spherical neutron star. Doppler effects due to rotation are added in the same manner as in the case of a spherical neutron star. We show that this model captures the most important effects due to the neutron star's rotation. We also explain how the geometric oblateness effect can rival the Doppler effect for some emission geometries.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor changes. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal
Genesis de los movimientos obreros y sindicalismo petrolero en el estado Zulia
Creators: name: Zaíd, Iván José Salazar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Movimiento obrero
Sindicalismo
Industria petrolera
Venezuela

description: En este ensayo se analizan los orígenes de los movimientos obreros y el sindicalismo petrolero en el Estado Zulia, específicamente en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Para ello, la reflexión parte del desarrollo inicial de la industria petrolera en Venezuela y su impacto social, que incidiría en la organización de los trabajadores petroleros en estructuras sindicales. La discriminación social, las deplorables condiciones de trabajo, la política de opresión y explotación permanente mantenida por las empresas petroleras desde el inicio de la explotación del oro negro y que cercenaba las justas aspiraciones del obrero petrolero, fueron los factores esenciales que contribuyeron a que fueran desarrollando una conciencia de clase, que trajo a su vez una serie de conflictos laborales y descontentos, que con el transcurrir del tiempo dieron origen a los sindicatos de obreros y empleados petroleros, y a los primeros movimientos obreros y huelgas en la industria petrolera establecida en el Estado Zulia.
IRS-Aided Wireless Relaying: Optimal Deployment and Capacity Scaling
Creators: name: Kang, Zhenyu
name: You, Changsheng
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this letter, we consider an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless relaying system, where a decode-and-forward relay (R) is employed to forward data from a source (S) to a destination (D), aided by M passive reflecting elements. We consider two practical IRS deployment strategies, namely, single-IRS deployment where all reflecting elements are mounted on one single IRS that is deployed near S, R, or D, and multi-IRS deployment where the reflecting elements are allocated over three separate IRSs which are deployed near S, R, and D, respectively. Under the line-of-sight (LoS) channel model, we characterize the capacity scaling orders with respect to an increasing M for the IRS-aided relay system with different IRS deployment strategies. For single-IRS deployment, we show that deploying the IRS near R achieves the highest capacity as compared to that near S or D. While for multi-IRS deployment, we propose a practical cooperative IRS passive beamforming design which is analytically shown to achieve a larger capacity scaling order than the single-IRS deployment (i.e., near R or S/D) when M is sufficiently large. Numerical examples are provided, which validate our theoretical results.
Shapes and Sizes from Non-Identical-Particle Correlations
Creators: name: Pratt, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the prospects for measuring source characteristics from correlations other than those involving identical pions. Correlations generated from Coulomb and strong interactions are shown to provide remarkable resolving power for determining three-dimensional information, in some cases accessing more detail than can be represented by Gaussian fits.
Keratin 19 maintains E-cadherin localization at the cell surface and stabilizes cell-cell adhesion of MCF7 cells
Creators: name: Alsharif, Sarah
name: Sharma, Pooja
name: Bursch, Karina
name: Milliken, Rachel
name: Lam, Van
name: Fallatah, Arwa
name: Phan, Thuc
name: Collins, Meagan
name: Dohlman, Priya
name: Tiufekchiev, Sarah
name: Nehmetallah, Georges
name: Raub, Christopher B.
name: Chung, Byung Min
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: A cytoskeletal protein keratin 19 (K19) is highly expressed in breast cancer but its effects on breast cancer cell mechanics are unclear. In MCF7 cells where K19 expression is ablated, we found that K19 is required to maintain rounded epithelial-like shape and tight cell-cell adhesion. A loss of K19 also lowered cell surface E-cadherin levels. Inhibiting internalization restored cell-cell adhesion of KRT19 knockout cells, suggesting that E-cadherin internalization contributed to defective adhesion. Ultimately, while K19 inhibited cell migration and invasion, it was required for cells to form colonies in suspension. Our results suggest that K19 stabilizes E-cadherin complexes at the cell membrane to maintain cell-cell adhesion which inhibits cell invasiveness but provides growth and survival advantages for circulating tumor cells.
Explanation and prediction in the labour process theory
Creators: name: Gordon, Richard Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The view that large-scale, long-range social theories cannot be predictive other than "in principle" is sufficiently widespread as to be considered the orthodox view. It is widely held that, lacking this predictive quality, social theories are cut off from a crucial form of vindication enjoyed by the experimental sciences. Thus many would agree with Ryan's assessment that while with regard to large-scale social changes "long-range prediction is not in principle impossible," nonetheless as a matter of practical methodology such a goal is of "dubious value." The reason commonly proffered as to why social theories cannot be predictive is the causal complexity of social life. Because of this feature, it is held, while we may be able to unearth interesting social generalizations, we will not be able to predict the many initial conditions together with which they predict. Alternately, due to this complexity we are able to achieve no better than tendency laws which do not permit predictions of sufficient precision to allow for predictive testing. This has been held to be true for other causally complex fields as well. Thus, Scriven has argued that Darwin was "the paradigm of the explanatory but non-predictive scientist" due to the constraints imposed on his methodology by the causal complexity of the biosphere. As a result of both an uncritical acceptance of the orthodox view and an inadequate analysis of Marx's methodology, Daniel Little has argued that Marxian theory is non-predictive. However, a thorough analysis of Marx's labour process theory shows it to be both clearly predictive and subject to justification by predictive assessment. Moreover, a formalization of the theory indicates that available data confirm it as regards both its central hypothesis and the matrix of social causation it exhibits. Little's position in regard to Marxian theory is strongly similar to Scriven's in regard to Darwinian theory. In both cases, faulty theoretical presuppositions combine with inadequate analysis to buttress false conclusions as to the asymmetry of explanation and prediction. Adequate analysis dispels Little's and Scriven's conclusions and exhibits important methodological parallels between Marx and Darwin.
Discovery of H alpha absorption in the unusual broad absorption line quasar SDSS J083942.11+380526.3
Creators: name: Aoki, Kentaro
name: Iwata, Ikuru
name: Ohta, Kouji
name: Ando, Masataka
name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Tamura, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discovered an H alpha absorption in a broad H alpha emission line of an unusual broad absorption line quasar, SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 at z=2.318, by near-infrared spectroscopy with the Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS (CISCO) on the Subaru telescope. The Presence of non-stellar H alpha absorption is known only in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 to date, thus our discovery is the first case for quasars. The H alpha absorption line is blueshifted by 520 km/s relative to the H alpha emission line, and its redshift almost coincides with those of UV low-ionization metal absorption lines. The width of the H alpha absorption (~ 340 km/s) is similar to those of the UV low-ionization absorption lines. These facts suggest that the H alpha and the low-ionization metal absorption lines are produced by the same low-ionization gas which has a substantial amount of neutral gas. The column density of the neutral hydrogen is estimated to be ~ 10^18 cm^-2 by assuming a gas temperature of 10,000 K from the analysis of the curve of growth. The continuum spectrum is reproduced by a reddened (E(B-V) ~ 0.15 mag for the SMC-like reddening law) composite quasar spectrum. Furthermore, the UV spectrum of SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 shows a remarkable similarity to that of NGC 4151 in its low state, suggesting the physical condition of the absorber in SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 is similar to that of NGC 4151 in the low state. As proposed for NGC 4151, SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 may be also seen through the close direction of the surface of the obscuring torus.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Aboriginal Language-Learning in Cyberspace: A Typology of Language- Related Web Sites and Their Potential Uses
Creators: name: Yeoman, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Canadian Journal of Native Education
Year: 2021

description: This article presents an overview of the literature on language diversity, linguistic human rights, and language renewal; examines some representative Web sites dedi­cated to Aboriginal languages} and explores possible uses of the Internet in language renewal and maintenance. Two such possible uses are: (a) as a vast and flexible resource center where structured lessons, grammars, lexicons, fonts, and other resour­ces can be developed, shared, and added to; and (b) as a means of meaningful commu­nication in Aboriginal languages through e-mail, conferences, and/or Web sites to share ideas and information, co-author stories and other texts, and so forth.
description: Canadian Journal of Native Education, Vol. 24 No. 2 (2000)
Measurement of the Strong Coupling alpha_s from the Four-Jet Rate in e+e- Annihilation using JADE data
Creators: name: Schieck, J.
name: Bethke, S.
name: Biebel, O.
name: Kluth, S.
name: Fernandez, P. A. Movilla
name: Pahl, C.
name: Collaboration, the JADE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from e+e- annihilation into hadrons collected by the JADE experiment at centre-of-mass energies between 14 GeV and 44 GeV are used to study the four-jet event production rate as a function of the Durham jet algorithm's resolution parameter ycut. The four-jet rate is compared to QCD next-to-leading order calculations including resummation of large logarithms in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation. The strong coupling measured from the four-jet rate is as(MZ)=0.1159+-0.0004(stat)+-0.0012(expt)+-0.0024(had)+-0.0007(theo) in agreement with the world average.
description: 21 pages, 19 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:hep-ex/0601048
Tracking error learning control for precise mobile robot path tracking in outdoor environment
Creators: name: Kayacan, Erkan
name: Chowdhary, Girish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a Tracking-Error Learning Control (TELC) algorithm for precise mobile robot path tracking in off-road terrain. In traditional tracking error-based control approaches, feedback and feedforward controllers are designed based on the nominal model which cannot capture the uncertainties, disturbances and changing working conditions so that they cannot ensure precise path tracking performance in the outdoor environment. In TELC algorithm, the feedforward control actions are updated by using the tracking error dynamics and the plant-model mismatch problem is thus discarded. Therefore, the feedforward controller gradually eliminates the feedback controller from the control of the system once the mobile robot has been on-track. In addition to the proof of the stability, it is proven that the cost functions do not have local minima so that the coefficients in TELC algorithm guarantee that the global minimum is reached. The experimental results show that the TELC algorithm results in better path tracking performance than the traditional tracking error-based control method. The mobile robot controlled by TELC algorithm can track a target path precisely with less than $10$ cm error in off-road terrain.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Evolution of gravitational orbits in the expanding universe
Creators: name: Sereno, M.
name: Jetzer, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational action of the smooth energy-matter components filling in the universe can affect the orbit of a planetary system. Changes are related to the acceleration of the cosmological scale size R. In a universe with significant dark matter, a gravitational system expands or contracts according to the amount and equation of state of the dark energy. At present time, the Solar system, according to the LambdaCDM scenario emerging from observational cosmology, should be expanding if we consider only the effect of the cosmological background. Its fate is determined by the equation of state of the dark energy alone. The mean motion and periastron precession of a planet are directly sensitive to (d^2 R/d t^2)/R, whereas variations with time in the semi-major axis and eccentricity are related to its time variation. Actual bounds on the cosmological deceleration parameters q_0 from accurate astrometric data of perihelion precession and changes in the third Kepler's law in the Solar system fall short of ten orders of magnitude with respect to estimates from observational cosmology. Future radio-ranging measurements of outer planets could improve actual bounds by five orders of magnitude.
description: 8 pages; 4 figures; Phys. Rev. D, in press
Directed movement toward, translocation along, penetration into and exit from vascular networks by breast cancer cells in 3D
Creators: name: Wessels, Deborah J.
name: Pujol, Claude
name: Pradhan, Nikash
name: Lusche, Daniel F.
name: Gonzalez, Luis
name: Kelly, Sydney E.
name: Martin, Elizabeth M.
name: Voss, Edward R.
name: Park, Yang-Nim
name: Dailey, Michael
name: Sugg, Sonia L.
name: Phadke, Sneha
name: Bashir, Amani
name: Soll, David R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: We developed a computer-assisted platform using laser scanning confocal microscopy to 3D reconstruct in real-time interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We demonstrate that MB-231 cancer cells migrate toward HUVEC networks, facilitated by filopodia, migrate along the network surfaces, penetrate into and migrate within the HUVEC networks, exit and continue migrating along network surfaces. The system is highly amenable to 3D reconstruction and computational analyses, and assessments of the effects of potential anti-metastasis monoclonal antibodies and other drugs. We demonstrate that an anti-RHAMM antibody blocks filopodium formation and all of the behaviors that we found take place between MB-231 cells and HUVEC networks.
EFL EDUCATION AS A CATALYST FOR BULLYING: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIVIDES, ACADEMIC PRESSURE, AND AI IN GREEK SCHOOLS
Creators: name: Michail St., Fountoulakis, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: SSJOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Education, Bullying Social impacts Interventions

description: This article explores the intersection between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education and bullying in Greek schools. It examines how academic pressures, socio-economic divides, and the prominence of private tutoring contribute to a competitive and exclusionary classroom culture that fosters bullying. The psychological and social impacts of performance anxiety and peer rivalry are evaluated. The discussion also highlights potential interventions, including teacher training, curriculum modifications, and addressing the growing role of AI-driven tools in education.
Helium line formation and abundance during a C-class flare
Creators: name: Andretta, Vincenzo
name: Mauas, Pablo J. D.
name: Falchi, Ambretta
name: Teriaca, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During a coordinated campaign which took place in May 2001, a C-class flare was observed both with SOHO instruments and with the Dunn Solar Telescope of the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak. In two previous papers we have described the observations and discussed some dynamical aspects of the earlier phases of the flare, as well as the helium line formation in the active region prior to the event. Here we extend the analysis of the helium line formation to the later phases of the flare in two different locations of the flaring area. We have devised a new technique, exploiting all available information from various SOHO instruments, to determine the spectral distribution of the photoionizing EUV radiation produced by the corona overlying the two target regions. In order to find semiempirical models matching all of our observables, we analyzed the effect on the calculated helium spectrum both of A(He) (the He abundance) and of the uncertainties in the incident EUV radiation (level and spectral distribution). We found that the abundance has in most cases (but not in all) a larger effect than the coronal back-radiation. The result of our analysis is that, considering the error of the measured lines, and adopting our best estimate for the coronal EUV illumination, the value A(He)=0.075 +/- 0.010 in the chromosphere (for T>6300 K) and transition region yields reasonably good matches for all the observed lines. This value is marginally consistent with the most commonly accepted photospheric value: A(He)=0.085.
description: 34 pages + 13 figures; to be published in ApJ
The Effacing Principle in the Post-Newtonian Celestial Mechanics
Creators: name: Kopeikin, Sergei
name: Vlasov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First post-Newtonian (PN) approximation of the scalar-tensor theory of gravity is used to discuss the effacing principle in N-body system, that is dependence of equations of motion of spherically-symmetric bodies comprising the system on their internal structure. We demonstrate that the effacing principle is violated by terms which are proportional to the second order rotational moment of inertia of each body coupled with β-1, where βis the measure of non-linearity of gravitational field. In case of general relativity, where β=1, the effacing principle is violated by terms being proportional to the rotational moment of inertia of the forth order. For systems made of neutron stars (NS) and/or black holes (BH) these terms contribute to the orbital equations of motion at the level of the third and fifth PN approximation respectively.
description: 3 pages, to apper in Proc. of 11th Marcel Grssmann Meeting (Berlin, July 23-30, 2006)
Sagnac effect in resonant microcavities
Creators: name: Sunada, Satoshi
name: Harayama, Takahisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sagnac effect in two dimensional (2D) resonant microcavities is studied theoretically and numerically. The frequency shift due to the Sagnac effect occurs as a threshold phenomenon for the angular velocity in a rotating microcavity. Above the threshold, the eigenfunctions of a rotating microcavity become rotating waves while they are standing waves below the threshold.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Multidimensional cluster states using a single spin-photon interface coupled strongly to an intrinsic nuclear register
Creators: name: Michaels, Cathryn P.
name: Martínez, Jesús Arjona
name: Debroux, Romain
name: Parker, Ryan A.
name: Stramma, Alexander M.
name: Huber, Luca I.
name: Purser, Carola M.
name: Atatüre, Mete
name: Gangloff, Dorian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic cluster states are a powerful resource for measurement-based quantum computing and loss-tolerant quantum communication. Proposals to generate multi-dimensional lattice cluster states have identified coupled spin-photon interfaces, spin-ancilla systems, and optical feedback mechanisms as potential schemes. Following these, we propose the generation of multi-dimensional lattice cluster states using a single, efficient spin-photon interface coupled strongly to a nuclear register. Our scheme makes use of the contact hyperfine interaction to enable universal quantum gates between the interface spin and a local nuclear register and funnels the resulting entanglement to photons via the spin-photon interface. Among several quantum emitters, we identify the silicon-29 vacancy centre in diamond, coupled to a nanophotonic structure, as possessing the right combination of optical quality and spin coherence for this scheme. We show numerically that using this system a 2x5-sized cluster state with a lower-bound fidelity of 0.5 and repetition rate of 65 kHz is achievable under currently realised experimental performances and with feasible technical overhead. Realistic gate improvements put 100-photon cluster states within experimental reach.
Evolutionary reduction of the laser noise impact on quantum gates
Creators: name: Ley, Tam'si
name: Leonteva, Anna Ouskova
name: Schachenmayer, Johannes
name: Collet, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the size of quantum hardware progressively increases, the conjectured computational advantages of quantum technologies tend to be threatened by noise, which randomly corrupts the design of quantum logical gates. Several methods already exist to reduce the impacts of noise on that matter. However, a reliable and user-friendly one to reduce the noise impact has not been presented yet. Addressing this issue, this paper proposes a relevant method based on evolutionary optimisation and modulation of the gate design. This method consists of two parts : a model of quantum gate design with time-dependent noise terms, parameterised by a vector of laser phases, and an evolutionary optimisation platform aimed at satisfying a trade-off between the gate fidelity and a pulse duration-related metric of the time consuming simulation model. This feature is the main novelty of this work. Another advantage is the ability to treat any noise spectrum, regardless of its characteristics (e.g., variance, frequency range, etc). A thorough validation of the method is presented, which is based on empirical averaging of random gate trajectories. It is shown that evolutionary based method is successfully applied for noise mitigation. It is expected that the proposed method will help designing more and more noise-resisting quantum gates.
α– Linolenic acid modulates phagocytosis and endosomal pathways of extracellular Tau in microglia
Creators: name: Desale, Smita Eknath
name: Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Microglia, the resident immune cells, were found to be activated to inflammatory phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The extracellular burden of amyloid-β plaques and Tau seed fabricate the activation of microglia. The seeding effect of extracellular Tau species is an emerging aspect to study about Tauopathies in AD. Tau seeds enhance the propagation of disease along with its contribution to microglia-mediated inflammation. The excessive neuroinflammation cumulatively hampers phagocytic function of microglia reducing the clearance of extracellular protein aggregates. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are recognized to induce anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. In addition to increased cytokine production, omega-3 fatty acids enhance phagocytic receptors expression in microglia. In this study, we have observed the phagocytosis of extracellular Tau in the presence of α-linolenic acid (ALA). The increased phagocytosis of extracellular Tau monomer and aggregates have been observed upon ALA exposure to microglia cells. After internalization, the degradation status of Tau has been studied with early and late endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7. Further, the lysosome-mediated degradation of internalized Tau was studied with LAMP-2A, a lysosome marker. The enhanced migratory ability in the presence of ALA could be beneficial for microglia to access the target and clear it. The increased migration of microglia was found to induce the microtubule-organizing center repolarization. The data indicate that the dietary fatty acids ALA could significantly enhance phagocytosis and intracellular degradation of internalized Tau. Our results suggest that microglia could be influenced to reduce extracellular Tau seed with dietary fatty acids.
Generation of Virtual Humans for Virtual Reality, Medicine, and Domestic Assistance
Creators: name: Achenbach, Jascha
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Virtual humans are employed in various applications including computer games, special effects in movies, virtual try-ons, medical surgery planning, and virtual assistance. This thesis deals with virtual humans and their computer-aided generation for different purposes.

 In a first step, we derive a technique to digitally clone the face of a scanned person. Fitting a facial template model to 3D-scanner data is a powerful technique for generating face avatars, in particular in the presence of noisy and incomplete measurements. Consequently, there are many approaches for the underlying non-rigid registration task, and these are typically composed from very similar algorithmic building blocks. By providing a thorough analysis of the different design choices, we derive a face matching technique tailored to high-quality reconstructions from high-resolution scanner data. We then extend this approach in two ways: An anisotropic bending model allows us to more accurately reconstruct facial details. A simultaneous constrained fitting of eyes and eyelids improves the reconstruction of the eye region considerably. Next, we extend this work to full bodies and present a complete pipeline to create animatable virtual humans by fitting a holistic template character. Due to the careful selection of techniques and technology, our reconstructed humans are quite realistic in terms of both geometry and texture. Since we represent our models as single-layer triangle meshes and animate them through standard skeleton-based skinning and facial blendshapes, our characters can be used in standard VR engines out of the box. By optimizing computation time and minimizing manual intervention, our reconstruction pipeline is capable of processing entire characters in less than ten minutes.

 In a following part of this thesis, we build on our template fitting method and deal with the problem of inferring the skin surface of a head from a given skull and vice versa. Starting with a method for automated estimation of a human face from a given skull remain, we extend this approach to bidirectional facial reconstruction in order to also estimate the skull from a given scan of the skin surface. This is based on a multilinear model that describes the correlation between the skull and the facial soft tissue thickness on the one hand and the head/face surface geometry on the other hand. We demonstrate the versatility of our novel multilinear model by estimating faces from given skulls as well as skulls from given faces within just a couple of seconds. To foster further research in this direction, we made our multilinear model publicly available.

 In a last part, we generate assistive virtual humans that are employed as stimuli for an interdisciplinary study. In the study, we shed light on user preferences for visual attributes of virtual assistants in a variety of smart home contexts.
Relativistic ab initio study on the spectroscopic and radiative properties of the lowest states and modeling of the optical cycles for the LiFr molecule
Creators: name: Shundalau, Maksim
name: Lamberti, Patrizia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LiFr diatomic represents a promising candidate for indirect laser cooling that has not yet been investigated not theoretically or experimentally. The potential energy curves of the ground and low_lying excited states of the LiFr heteronuclear alkali metal dimer are calculated using the Fock_space relativistic coupled cluster theory for the first time. A number of properties such as the electronic term energies, equilibrium internuclear distances, transition and permanent dipole moments, sequences of vibrational energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies, Franck_Condon factors, and radiative lifetimes (including bound and free transitions) are predicted. The probabilities of the two_step schemes (optical cycles) for the transfer process of the LiFr molecules from high excited vibrational states to the ground vibronic state are also predicted. The data obtained would be useful for laser cooling and spectral experiments with LiFr molecules.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
ShufText: A Simple Black Box Approach to Evaluate the Fragility of Text Classification Models
Creators: name: Taware, Rutuja
name: Varat, Shraddha
name: Salunke, Gaurav
name: Gawande, Chaitanya
name: Kale, Geetanjali
name: Khengare, Rahul
name: Joshi, Raviraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text classification is the most basic natural language processing task. It has a wide range of applications ranging from sentiment analysis to topic classification. Recently, deep learning approaches based on CNN, LSTM, and Transformers have been the de facto approach for text classification. In this work, we highlight a common issue associated with these approaches. We show that these systems are over-reliant on the important words present in the text that are useful for classification. With limited training data and discriminative training strategy, these approaches tend to ignore the semantic meaning of the sentence and rather just focus on keywords or important n-grams. We propose a simple black box technique ShutText to present the shortcomings of the model and identify the over-reliance of the model on keywords. This involves randomly shuffling the words in a sentence and evaluating the classification accuracy. We see that on common text classification datasets there is very little effect of shuffling and with high probability these models predict the original class. We also evaluate the effect of language model pretraining on these models and try to answer questions around model robustness to out of domain sentences. We show that simple models based on CNN or LSTM as well as complex models like BERT are questionable in terms of their syntactic and semantic understanding.
Difficult Knowledge and Alternative Perspectives in Ontario's History Curriculum
Creators: name: Seguin, Kimberley
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: history education
perspective-taking
difficult knowledge
Indigenous consciousness
historical consciousness

description: This study used qualitative research methods to analyze the ways in which difficult knowledge is represented in Ontario’s 2013 and revised 2018 history curriculum (Grades 7, 8, 10). Difficult knowledge promotes serious discussions about weighty topics – often entrenched in collective memory – and invites readers to reflect on the different values, beliefs, and perspectives around such topics. In this study, difficult histories refer to contested depictions of past violence and oppression as they appear in historical narratives and curricular frameworks (Epstein and Peck, 2017). Examining the curriculum using the lens of difficult knowledge allowed me to consider how educators might foster reconciliation through engagement with chapters in Canadian history. The content analysis considered the difficult knowledge topics in history curricula and the approaches proposed to encourage perspective-taking. The study used a critical sociocultural approach to explore how Ontario’s official curriculum represents difficult knowledge using multiple perspectives in general, and Indigenous perspectives, specifically. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the curricular resources currently available, this study contributes to knowledge growth by identifying entry points in the curriculum that serve to help teachers introduce difficult knowledge using disciplinary thinking and Indigenous epistemic themes. The main goal with this research is to provide recommendations to guide policy, research, and practice in the integration of Indigenous perspectives and knowledges in ways that are meaningful to learners.
AutoDebias: Learning to Debias for Recommendation
Creators: name: Chen, Jiawei
name: Dong, Hande
name: Qiu, Yang
name: He, Xiangnan
name: Xin, Xin
name: Chen, Liang
name: Lin, Guli
name: Yang, Keping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems rely on user behavior data like ratings and clicks to build personalization model. However, the collected data is observational rather than experimental, causing various biases in the data which significantly affect the learned model. Most existing work for recommendation debiasing, such as the inverse propensity scoring and imputation approaches, focuses on one or two specific biases, lacking the universal capacity that can account for mixed or even unknown biases in the data. Towards this research gap, we first analyze the origin of biases from the perspective of \textit{risk discrepancy} that represents the difference between the expectation empirical risk and the true risk. Remarkably, we derive a general learning framework that well summarizes most existing debiasing strategies by specifying some parameters of the general framework. This provides a valuable opportunity to develop a universal solution for debiasing, e.g., by learning the debiasing parameters from data. However, the training data lacks important signal of how the data is biased and what the unbiased data looks like. To move this idea forward, we propose \textit{AotoDebias} that leverages another (small) set of uniform data to optimize the debiasing parameters by solving the bi-level optimization problem with meta-learning. Through theoretical analyses, we derive the generalization bound for AutoDebias and prove its ability to acquire the appropriate debiasing strategy. Extensive experiments on two real datasets and a simulated dataset demonstrated effectiveness of AutoDebias. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/DongHande/AutoDebias}.
description: Accepted by SIGIR 2021
Geo-Spatiotemporal Features and Shape-Based Prior Knowledge for Fine-grained Imbalanced Data Classification
Creators: name: Kantor, Charles A.
name: Skreta, Marta
name: Rauby, Brice
name: Boussioux, Léonard
name: Jehanno, Emmanuel
name: Luccioni, Alexandra
name: Rolnick, David
name: Talbot, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fine-grained classification aims at distinguishing between items with similar global perception and patterns, but that differ by minute details. Our primary challenges come from both small inter-class variations and large intra-class variations. In this article, we propose to combine several innovations to improve fine-grained classification within the use-case of wildlife, which is of practical interest for experts. We utilize geo-spatiotemporal data to enrich the picture information and further improve the performance. We also investigate state-of-the-art methods for handling the imbalanced data issue.
description: Copyright by the authors. All rights reserved to authors only. Correspondence to: ckantor (at) stanford [dot] edu
Magnetotransport of Functional Oxide Heterostructures Affected by Spin-Orbit Coupling: A Tale of Two-Dimensional Systems
Creators: name: Bartel, Robert
name: Lettl, Elias
name: Seiler, Patrick
name: Kopp, Thilo
name: Hammerl, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oxide heterostructures allow for detailed studies of 2D electronic transport phenomena. Herein, different facets of magnetotransport in selected spin-orbit-coupled systems are analyzed and characterized by their single-band and multiband behavior, respectively. Experimentally, temperature- and magnetic field-dependent measurements in the single-band system BaPbO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ reveal strong interplay of weak antilocalization (WAL) and electron-electron interaction (EEI). Within a scheme which treats both, WAL and EEI, on an equal footing a strong contribution of EEI at low temperatures is found which suggests the emergence of a strongly correlated ground state. Furthermore, now considering multiband effects as they appear, e.g., in the model system LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$, theoretical investigations predict a huge impact of filling on the topological Hall effect in systems with intermingled bands. Already weak band coupling produces striking deviations from the well-known Hall conductivity that are explainable in a fully quantum mechanical treatment which builds upon the hybridization of intersecting Hofstadter bands.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; R.B. and E.L. contributed equally to this work
Precision measurements of the total and partial widths of the psi(2S) charmonium meson with a new complementary-scan technique in antiproton-proton annihilations
Creators: name: Fermilab E835 Collaboration
name: Andreotti, M.
name: Bagnasco, S.
name: Baldini, W.
name: Bettoni, D.
name: Borreani, G.
name: Buzzo, A.
name: Calabrese, R.
name: Cester, R.
name: Cibinetto, G.
name: Dalpiaz, P.
name: Garzoglio, G.
name: Gollwitzer, K. E.
name: Graham, M.
name: Hu, M.
name: Joffe, D.
name: Kasper, J.
name: Lasio, G.
name: Vetere, M. Lo
name: Luppi, E.
name: Macrì, M.
name: Mandelkern, M.
name: Marchetto, F.
name: Marinelli, M.
name: Menichetti, E.
name: Metreveli, Z.
name: Mussa, R.
name: Negrini, M.
name: Obertino, M. M.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Pastrone, N.
name: Patrignani, C.
name: Pordes, S.
name: Robutti, E.
name: Roethel, W.
name: Rosen, J.
name: Rumerio, P.
name: Rusack, R. W.
name: Santroni, A.
name: Schultz, J.
name: Seo, S. H.
name: Seth, K. K.
name: Stancari, G.
name: Stancari, M.
name: Tomaradze, A.
name: Uman, I.
name: Vidnovic, T.
name: Werkema, S.
name: Zweber, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new precision measurements of the psi(2S) total and partial widths from excitation curves obtained in antiproton-proton annihilations by Fermilab experiment E835 at the Antiproton Accumulator in the year 2000. A new technique of complementary scans was developed to study narrow resonances with stochastically cooled antiproton beams. The technique relies on precise revolution-frequency and orbit-length measurements, while making the analysis of the excitation curve almost independent of machine lattice parameters. We study the psi(2S) meson through the processes pbar p -> e+ e- and pbar p -> J/psi + X -> e+ e- + X. We measure the width to be Gamma = 290 +- 25(sta) +- 4(sys) keV and the combination of partial widths Gamma_e+e- * Gamma_pbarp / Gamma = 579 +- 38(sta) +- 36(sys) meV, which represent the most precise measurements to date.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Final manuscript accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B. Parts of the text slightly expanded or rearranged; results are unchanged
The expression of cellulomomas fimi cellulase genes in Brevibacterium lactofermentum and characterization of recombinant C. fimi B-glucosidase A from E coli
Creators: name: Paradis, François William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the first part of this thesis, I describe the expression of C. fimi cellulase genes in the closely related Brevibacterium lactofermentum by generating a shuttle vector able to replicate selectively in the latter and carrying full length cellulase-encoding genes. The expression of those genes apparently originated from some unpredicted regulatory sequences, possibly located within the vector itself. The enzymatic activity was mostly found in the culture medium in B. lactofermentum indicating that the organism secreted the enzymes. The putative C. fimi promoter sequences did not function in B. lactofermentum, making difficult the analysis of their roles in expression of C. fimi cellulase genes. In the second part of this thesis, I describe the characterization of a recombinant C. fimi exo-ϐ-1,4-glucosidase (CbgA) expressed in E. coli. The purified enzyme had a Mr of 183 kDa and hydrolysed various ϐ-glucosides with a preference for cello-oligosaccharides in the order C5>C4>C3>C2. The intact CbgA polypeptide was not required for enzymatic activity since removal of about 700 residues from the amino terminus did not reduce activity. The purified enzyme was used to raise polyclonal antibodies which in turn were used to identify the corresponding enzyme in C. fimi. During the fractionation of C. fimi ϐ-glucosidases, several enzymes hydrolyzing various ϐ-glucosides were isolated together with the native CbgA, which was present in the culture medium as part of a protein aggregate. Part of the nucleotide sequence of the 7.2 kb insert was determined. Alignments of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the purified CbgA and truncated polypeptides with the partial nucleotide sequence of the cloned C. fimi DNA showed that precise excision was responsible for the appearance of a truncated form of CbgA. Alignment of the amino-terminal sequence of a CbgA:CexCBD fusion peptide indicated that the pre-mature CbgA starts with a putative leader sequence of 49 amino acids which is followed by a region rich in Pro and Ala residues. Two GTG translational initiation codons followed by sequences resemblingprokaryotic ribosome binding sites and separated by a large open reading frame were identified from data obtained after in vitro site-directed mutagenesis of the most upstream initiation codon suggesting that internal re-initiation may occur and that upstream regulatory sequences had not been isolated.
Reconciling Epistemological Orientations: Toward a Wholistic Nishaabe (Ojibwe/Odawa/Potowatomi) Education
Creators: name: Corbiere, Alan Ijig
Publisher: name: Canadian Journal of Native Education
Year: 2021

description: The education of First Nations people has primarily been used for assimilation pur­ poses. The last 30 years have witnessed a turn of events whereby First Nations people have started to assume control of education with the primary impetus being self-deter­mination. Achieving self-determination through education has been hindered by the social and cultural problems associated with colonization. To combat colonization and effect healing, the concept of wholistic education has been offered. Wholistic education describes the pedagogical approach to educating First Nations people that develops the whole child: intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, and physically. A wholistic ed­ucation is compatible with traditional tenets of First peoples' conceptualizations of well-being and good life. The article outlines the obstruction of self-determination through the implementation of a standardized provincial curriculum. Discussion then focuses on the epistemological and pedagogical shifts required effectively to use First Nations' orientations, sources of knowledge, and teaching practices to effect a wholistic education.
description: Canadian Journal of Native Education, Vol. 24 No. 2 (2000)
Quantum algorithm for calculation of transition amplitudes in hybrid tensor networks
Creators: name: Kanno, Shu
name: Endo, Suguru
name: Suzuki, Yasunari
name: Tokunaga, Yuuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hybrid tensor network approach allows us to perform calculations on systems larger than the scale of a quantum computer. However, when calculating transition amplitudes, there is a problem that the number of terms to be measured increases exponentially with that of contracted operators. The problem is caused by the fact that the contracted operators are represented as non-Hermitian operators. In this study, we propose a method for the hybrid tensor network calculation that contracts non-Hermitian operators without the exponential increase of the number of terms. In the proposed method, calculations of transition amplitudes are performed by combining the singular value decomposition of the contracted non-Hermitian operators with the Hadamard test. The method significantly extends the applicability of the hybrid tensor network approach.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures