cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity
Creators: name: Koyro, Hans-Werner
name: Huchzermeyer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: autophagy
subject: auxin
subject: biochar
subject: ethylene
subject: hormone
subject: plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB)
subject: plant–microorganism interaction
subject: salinity
subject: stress amendments
subject: stress perception and signaling
subject: water withhold
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress‐resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment.
Viscosity prediction from a modified square well intermolecular potential model
Creators: name: Monnery, Wayne David
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: TA 357.5 V56 M66 1995
subject: Viscous flow
subject: Fluid dynamics

description: Bibliography: p. 188-198.
description: In the chemical and process industries, viscosity of pure components and mixtures is an important property in hydraulics, heat and mass transfer calculations. As was indicated by an extensive literature review, there is a need for an accurate analytical predictive method for calculating the viscosities of pure component gases and liquids. In this work, a theoretically based viscosity model was developed by modifying a statistical mechanics based viscosity model for dense fluids based on the square well intermolecular potential. The original theory was corrected to account for the assumptions of only two-body interactions and molecular chaos for velocities and for the inadequacy of the square well potential. The model was modified so that it approaches the theoretically correct low density limit and to improve the dilute gas temperature dependence. The resulting three parameters were regressed from both gas and liquid data simultaneously utilizing a consistent, reliable database of 191 organic and inorganic fluids. Regressed parameters were subsequently generalized using group contributions. The model requires molar mass, critical temperature, acentric factor and density as input parameters. The modified square well viscosity model is applicable across the entire density range from gas to liquid. Ultimately, for gas and liquid viscosities of a wide variety of nonpolar, polar and hydrogen-bonding fluids, data are correlated within about 1 % and 2%, respectively, and predictions with generalized parameters are within about 2% and 6%, respectively. These results are considerably better than those from existing models.
title: Overtopping Erodibility Analysis for a Steep-Sloped Rockfill Embankment Dam
Creators: name: Rickel, Ariel
name: George, Michael F.
name: Millar, Rob
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Erosion of embankment material during an overtopping event is one of the major mechanisms of failure for earthfill dams. The ability to analyze the progression of overtopping failure can prove useful in assessing the breakthrough risk of the dam, which involves understanding the behavior of the material that the dam is comprised of. While there have been studies on the behavior of smaller-grained materials such as clays and sands (e.g. Hahn et al 2000; Coleman et al. 2002; Hanson et al. 2005; Hanson et al. 2011), few have focused on erosion of larger-grained rockfill embankments.
This paper presents the erosion progression analysis for a rockfill embankment dam with 80% (1.25H:1V) downstream slope and a protective upstream concrete face. The analysis is broken down into evaluation of various empirical relationships and erosion progression mechanisms to develop the most representative erosion progression model. Following this evaluation, failure of the dam was analyzed both deterministically and probabilistically.
PvdM of fluorescent pseudomonads is required for the oxidation of ferribactin by PvdP in periplasmic pyoverdine maturation
Creators: name: Sugue, Michael-Frederick
name: Burdur, Ali Nazmi
name: Ringel, Michael T.
name: Dräger, Gerald
name: Brüser, Thomas
Publisher: name: Bethesda, Md. : ASBMB Publications
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bacterial metabolism
subject: biosynthesis
subject: membrane protein
subject: periplasm
subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
subject: Pseudomonas fluorescens
subject: pyoverdine maturation
subject: siderophore
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Fluorescent pseudomonads such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas fluorescens produce pyoverdine siderophores that ensure iron-supply in iron-limited environments. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, the nonfluorescent pyoverdine precursor ferribactin is exported into the periplasm, where the enzymes PvdQ, PvdP, PvdO, PvdN, and PtaA are responsible for fluorophore maturation and tailoring steps. While the roles of all these enzymes are clear, little is known about the role of PvdM, a human renal dipeptidase–related protein that is predicted to be periplasmic and that is essential for pyoverdine biogenesis. Here, we reveal the subcellular localization and functional role of PvdM. Using the model organism P. fluorescens, we show that PvdM is anchored to the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane, where it is indispensable for the activity of the tyrosinase PvdP. While PvdM does not share the metallopeptidase function of renal dipeptidase, it still has the corresponding peptide-binding site. The substrate of PvdP, deacylated ferribactin, is secreted by a ΔpvdM mutant strain, indicating that PvdM prevents loss of this periplasmic biosynthesis intermediate into the medium by ensuring the efficient transfer of ferribactin to PvdP in vivo. We propose that PvdM belongs to a new dipeptidase-related protein subfamily with inactivated Zn2+ coordination sites, members of which are usually genetically linked to TonB-dependent uptake systems and often associated with periplasmic FAD-dependent oxidoreductases related to D-amino acid oxidases. We suggest that these proteins are necessary for selective binding, exposure, or transfer of specific D- and L-amino acid–containing peptides and other periplasmic biomolecules in manifold pathways.
Cost-effectiveness of a photopethysmographic procedure for screening for atrial fibrillation in 6 European countries
Creators: name: Wahler, Steffen
name: Birkemeyer, Ralf
name: Alexopoulos, Dimitrios
name: Siudak, Zbigniew
name: Müller, Alfred
name: Von Der Schulenburg, Johann-Matthias
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atrial fibrillation
subject: Cost-effectiveness analysis
subject: Prevention of stroke
subject: Screening
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: Background: Strokes cause an estimated annual health care burden of 170 billion euros across Europe. Atrial fibrillation is one of the major risk factors for stroke and increases the individual risk 4.2-fold. But prevention with anticoagulants may reduce this risk by 70%. Screening methods are employed to detect previously undetected atrial fibrillation. Screening studies in various European countries show a high degree of undetected atrial fibrillation. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of systematic screening with a smartphone application, named Preventicus Heartbeats. It is a hands-on screening tool for use on smartphone to diagnose AF with high sensitivity and specificity. Methods: A previously published model for calculating screening cost-effectiveness was extended to 6 European countries covering a wide range in terms of treatment costs and epidemiologic parameters. Results: The use of screening lowers the cost per case in countries with comparatively high levels of health care costs (Switzerland: -€75; UK: -€7). Moderate higher costs per case were observed in 4 countries (Greece: €6; Netherlands: €15). Low levels of health care costs result in less or no potential for further cost reduction (Poland: €20; Serbia: €33). In all countries considered, the model showed an increase in effectiveness measures both in the number of strokes avoided and the quality adjusted life years. The number of strokes avoided per 1000 participants ranged from 2.52 (Switzerland) to 4.44 (Poland). Quality-adjusted life-years per case gained from screening ranged from 0.0105 (Switzerland) to 0.0187 (Poland). The screening procedure dominated in two countries (Switzerland, UK). For the remaining countries, the incremental cost effectiveness ratio ranged from €489/QALY (Greece) to €2548/QALY (Serbia). Conclusion: The model results showed a strong dependence of the results on the country-specific costs for stroke treatment. The use of the investigated screening method is close to cost-neutral or cost-reducing in the Western European countries and Greece. In countries with low price levels, higher cost increases due to AF screening are to be expected. Lower costs of anticoagulation, which are expected due to the upcoming patent expiry of direct anticoagulants, have a positive effect on the cost result.
title: Energy Dissipation of Highly Convergent Chutes in Stilling Basins of Concrete Dams
Creators: name: Morán, Rafael
name: Toledo, Miguel Ángel
name: Masides, Jaime I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: This article presents the results of a combination of experimental and numerical research on the performance of stilling basins of spillways with highly convergent chutes (HCC). The comparison between the energy dissipation of the stilling basins with flat slab and baffle blocks shows that the latest are more efficient. Because of that, the cost savings of using such blocks can be significant. The results obtained could be applied in different cases such as increasing the capacity of existing spillways and protecting dams against overtopping. The application of HCC spillways in new dams could lead to a reduction in the cost of the stilling basin compared to conventional hydraulic jump energy dissipators.
The density of states in gauge theories
Creators: name: Langfeld, Kurt
name: Lucini, Biagio
name: Rago, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density of states is calculated for a SU(2) and a compact U(1) lattice gauge theory using a modified version of the Wang-Landau algorithm. We find that the density of states of the SU(2) gauge theory can be reliably calculated over a range of 120,000 orders of magnitude for lattice sizes as big as 20^4. We demonstrate the potential of the algorithm by reproducing the SU(2) average action, its specific heat and the critical couplings of the weak first order transition in U(1).
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
title: Recent Case Histories of Cascade Failures and Overflowing Events of Embankment Dams
Creators: name: Vogel, Alexius
name: Courivaud, Jean-Robert
name: Jarecka, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Excessive rainfall and extensive flooding within the context of a changing environment show the fact that resistance to overflowing erosion of embankment dams needs to be better assessed because of the increasing number of dam failures caused by overflowing, implying the necessity of a reaction to this kind of challenges. Better understandings of the embankment failure processes and the dominant parameters affecting these kinds of failures are necessary for predicting and modeling the breach processes. Acquiring this better understanding of the physical processes and a numerical prediction capability requires progressing in parallel in laboratory and field test investigations of embankment breaches and analyzing case studies of real-life embankment failures. It is interesting to notice an increasing number of cascade failures that led to the destruction of embankment dams. Even though cascade reservoirs are built in many river basins nowadays, studies on sequential embankment dam-break in cascade reservoirs are still few and difficult to perform. Therefore, improving numerical simulations and risk analyses of cascade reservoir dam breaks are of practical engineering significance. This paper aims to describe several cascade failures with embankment dams breaking by overflowing to point out the lessons to learn related to the comprehension of the main physical processes governing these events.
State-of-the-Art in Sequential Change-Point Detection
Creators: name: Polunchenko, Aleksey S.
name: Tartakovsky, Alexander G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62L10, 60G40, 62C10, 62C20

description: We provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in the area of sequential change-point detection assuming discrete time and known pre- and post-change distributions. The overview spans over all major formulations of the underlying optimization problem, namely, Bayesian, generalized Bayesian, and minimax. We pay particular attention to the latest advances in each. Also, we link together the generalized Bayesian problem with multi-cyclic disorder detection in a stationary regime when the change occurs at a distant time horizon. We conclude with two case studies to illustrate the cutting edge of the field at work.
description: 34 pages, accepted for publication in Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability
Benedetta
Creators: name: Morris, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: ML 50 M825 B46 1995
subject: Operas - Librettos

description: Bibliography: p. 128-132.
description: Benedetta is an original libretto for an opera, based on the story of a real-life nun who lived at Pescia, near Florence, in the early part of the 17th century. The libretto retells various events in her life: her vision of the statue of the Virgin Mary moving; the appearance on her hands, feet and sides of the stigmata; her organization of a mystical marriage with Christ; her visitation by the apparitions of three young men; the investigation of her activities by a Papal Nuncio; the discovery of her lesbian affair with another nun; and her imprisonment. These events are placed in the structure of a single canonical day, based on the device of a semi-arch surmounting a cross. It is written for four female voices, four male voices, and a chorus of seven women's voices, and is designed for an ensemble of RAD instruments,a pre-determined electronic layer realised in real-time, and bells, both electronic and acoustic. Accompanying the libretto is an essay that outlines the background of the creative process of the writing of the libretto. The essay covers the sources for the libretto, the chronology of writing the libretto, and the aims and structure of the libretto (including diagrams). It includes observations on the general limitations and choices available to a librettist, and the reasons for particular choices and approaches in the Benedetta libretto.
The LAM of the Rings: Large Amplitude Motions in Aromatic Molecules Studied by Microwave Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Nguyen, Ha Vinh Lam
name: Caminati, Walther
name: Grabow, Jens-Uwe
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: aromatic rings
subject: coupled large amplitude motions
subject: internal rotation
subject: inversion tunneling
subject: rotational spectroscopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Large amplitude motions (LAMs) form a fundamental phenomenon that demands the development of specific theoretical and Hamiltonian models. In recent years, along with the strong progress in instrumental techniques on high-resolution microwave spectroscopy and computational capacity in quantum chemistry, studies on LAMs have become very diverse. Larger and more complex molecular systems have been taken under investigation, ranging from series of heteroaromatic molecules from five-and six-membered rings to polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon derivatives. Such systems are ideally suited to create families of molecules in which the positions and the number of LAMs can be varied, while the heteroatoms often provide a sufficient dipole moment to the systems to warrant the observation of their rotational spectra. This review will summarize three types of LAMs: internal rotation, inversion tunneling, and ring puckering, which are frequently observed in aromatic five-membered rings such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole, thiazole, and oxazole derivatives, in aromatic six-membered rings such as benzene, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives, and larger combined rings such as naphthalene, indole, and indan derivatives. For each molecular class, we will present the representatives and summarize the recent insights on the molecular structure and internal dynamics and how they help to advance the field of quantum mechanics.
Effects of Rotation on the Minimum Mass of Primordial Progenitors of Pair Instability Supernovae
Creators: name: Chatzopoulos, Emmanouil
name: Wheeler, J. Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of which stars may reach the conditions of electron/positron pair formation instability is of importance to understand the final evolution both of the first stars and of contemporary stars. The criterion to enter the pair instability regime in density and temperature is basically controlled by the mass of the oxygen core. The main sequence masses that produce a given oxygen core mass are, in turn, dependent on metallicity, mass loss, and convective and rotationally-induced mixing. We examine the evolution of massive stars to determine the minimum main sequence mass that can encounter pair-instability effects, either a pulsational pair instability (PPISN) or a full-fledged pair-instability supernova (PISN). We concentrate on zero-metallicity stars with no mass loss subject to the Schwarzschild criterion for convective instability, but also explore solar metallicity and mass loss and the Ledoux criterion. As expected, for sufficiently strong rotationally-induced mixing, the minimum main sequence mass is encountered for conditions that induce effectively homogeneous evolution such that the original mass is converted almost entirely to helium and then to oxygen. For this case, we find that the minimum main sequence mass is ~40 Msun to encounter PPISN and ~65 Msun to encounter a PISN. When mass-loss is taken into account those mass limits become ~50 Msun for PPISN and ~80 Msun for PISN progenitors. The implications of these results for the first stars and for contemporary supernovae is discussed.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
title: Erodibility Evaluation of an Unlined Rock Spillway: Comparison Between the Erodibility Index Method and a New Method Based on Block Theory
Creators: name: George, Michael
name: Christiansen, Cole
name: Rickel, Ariel
name: Israel, Benjamin
name: Annandale, George W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Following the 2017 events at the Oroville Dam spillways that prompted evacuation of nearly 200,000 downstream residents and resulted in over $1B USD repair costs, there is highlighted focus on evaluation of spillways (both lined and unlined) at dams across the USA. In the case of unlined channels, flow conditions are often complex which presents several challenges for erodibility evaluation given methods are often based on idealized circumstances. High-resolution data available for the site (both in terms of 3D point cloud geometry data for the rock mass and 3D CFD model simulations of flow conditions) permitted a more detailed analysis of the scouring process, which ultimately provided deeper insight into scour potential. Two methods were used for the analysis; the semi-empirical Erodibility Index Method and a new, physics-based method using Block Theory, and a comparison between the two was made yielding informative results.
Universal quantum computation and quantum error correction with ultracold atomic mixtures
Creators: name: Kasper, Valentin
name: González-Cuadra, Daniel
name: Hegde, Apoorva
name: Xia, Andy
name: Dauphin, Alexandre
name: Huber, Felix
name: Tiemann, Eberhard
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Jendrzejewski, Fred
name: Hauke, Philipp
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, PA : IOP Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: atomic mixtures
subject: quantum computation
subject: quantum error correction
subject: ultracold atoms
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Quantum information platforms made great progress in the control of many-body entanglement and the implementation of quantum error correction, but it remains a challenge to realize both in the same setup. Here, we propose a mixture of two ultracold atomic species as a platform for universal quantum computation with long-range entangling gates, while providing a natural candidate for quantum error-correction. In this proposed setup, one atomic species realizes localized collective spins of tunable length, which form the fundamental unit of information. The second atomic species yields phononic excitations, which are used to entangle collective spins. Finally, we discuss a finite-dimensional version of the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code to protect quantum information encoded in the collective spins, opening up the possibility to universal fault-tolerant quantum computation in ultracold atom systems.
World Wide Web based work place support
Creators: name: Morse, Stuart
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: TK 5105.88 M67 1995
subject: Internet (Computer network)
subject: World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)

description: Bibliography: p. 113-116.
description: This thesis describes the design and implementation of a Faculty Wide Information System (FWIS) for the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Calgary. The World Wide Web (WWW) was used as a platform for the development of this system. The unfolding of the WWW project is presented in its historical and social context, and the original WWW proposal is examined in detail. The technologies underlying the WWW are discussed and a mapping is produced between the WWW and the Dexter Hypermedia Model with a view to formalising a description of the medium. The advantages, disadvantages, strengths and limitations of the WWW as a vehicle for information dissemination are enumerated in the context of the prototype FWIS implementation. The use of the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts are illustrated by describing the components comprising the FWIS .
Effect of fan root flow on the low-pressure compressor transition duct for an ultra high bypass ratio turbofan engine
Creators: name: Tsakmakidou, Dimitra
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Aerospace engineering not elsewhere classified
Automotive engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Effect of fan root flow on the low-pressure compressor transition duct for an ultra high bypass ratio turbofan engine
The role of the insulin gene region in type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: possible interactions with candidate loci
Creators: name: Nagatomi, Jane Yumiko
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: RC 661 I6 N34 1995
subject: Diabetes - Research - Canada
subject: Diabetes - Genetic aspects

description: Bibliography: p. 88-99.
Factorization of supersymmetric Hamiltonians in curvilinear coordinates
Creators: name: Leon, M. A. Gonzalez
name: Guilarte, J. Mateos
name: Mayado, M. de la Torre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planar supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems with separable spectral problem in curvilinear coordinates are analyzed in full generality. We explicitly construct the supersymmetric extension of the Euler/Pauli Hamiltonian describing the motion of a light particle in the field of two heavy fixed Coulombian centers. We shall also show how the SUSY Kepler/Coulomb problem arises in two different limits of this problem: either, the two centers collapse in one center - a problem separable in polar coordinates -, or, one of the two centers flies to infinity - to meet the Coulomb problem separable in parabolic coordinates.
description: 13 pages. Based on the talk presented by M.A. Gonzalez Leon at the 7th International Conference on Quantum Theory and Symmetries (QTS7), August 07-13, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic
Working Paper On "Social And Geographical Backgrounds Of Citizens And Aspirant Citizens In Selected Towns"
Creators: name: Prak, Maarten
name: Kissane, Christopher
name: Minns, Chris
name: Wallis, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: guilds
citizenship regimes

description: Citizenship is a socio-political instrument of inclusion – and therefore inevitably also of exclusion. It has been so ever since the invention of the concept in Antiquity. In the historical literature it is often argued that the exclusion element was for a long time predominant, and only became replaced by ‘inclusion’ after the French Revolution and the rise of parliamentary democracy. In the pre-modern world exclusion mechanisms were indeed an important aspect of the rules for the acquisition of citizenship status, and in particular for guild membership and the monopoly rights that their regulations asserted. Guilds, especially, have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to established masters and their descendants, over immigrants and other outsiders. This potentially had serious economic consequences. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a disincentive for technological progress. On the basis of this critique, we might assume that the sons of locally established citizens and masters dominated the citizenry of towns and the membership of the average craft guild. In this paper the results of detailed local investigations of the composition of citizenries and guild apprentices and masters are brought together, to find out to what extent this picture is historically correct. We argue that this data offers an indirect measurement of the accessibility of citizenship and guilds that allows insight into the mechanisms of exclusion and their impact. The paper finds that sons of established masters did dominate in some places and trades, but in many others they did not, and that, by implication, our understanding of urban and guild ‘monopolies’, and the measure of protection and reward they supplied to established citizens, is in need of serious revision. This in turn implies that the historical narrative of European citizenship creating an ever greater inclusiveness, is perhaps also in need of revision.

Workpackage 3 explores the historical dimensions of citizenship in Europe from the seventeenth century onwards. It aims to provide a long-term perspective on the issues facing modern policy makers in relation to citizenship in the multi-national environment of the EU. An important element of this is comparing various citizenship regimes and connecting their characteristics to economic performance and overall wellbeing. This working paper is intended to provide the basis for one element of this comparison.
title: Bedrock Erosion in Swedish Spillways - A Methodology for Assessing Design Pore Pressures Aimed for Design of Erosion Mitigation Via Reinforcement of the Rock Mass
Creators: name: Eriksson, Per
name: Persson, Jonas
name: Nilsson, Carol-Oscar
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: This article presents a collection of literature and data that enables calculations of hydraulic pressures inside a structurally simplified rock mass. The causation between the pressure in the rock mass and the near plane-parallel turbulently flowing waters on natural surfaces of igneous rock is expressed. The article is mainly aimed at rock reinforcement calculations given magmatic rock types with high durability and large block size.
title: A Novel Computational Method to Compute Rock Scour Due to Dam Overtopping
Creators: name: Bollaert, Erik F. R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Flood events generating potential risk for dam overtopping may become more frequently in the future, especially because of increasing climate change. Crest overflows at arch dams generally impact the downstream rock mass very close to the dam foundation. As such, any scour of the rock mass generated by this phenomenon may potentially endanger the stability of the dam and its appurtenant structures. Hence, pertinent assessment of this scour formation through space and time is becoming increasingly relevant to dam safety. This paper presents a novel computational method for detachment of prismatic rock blocks from their mass when impacted by high-velocity jets during dam overtopping. The method makes use of the average flow velocities and of block protrusion at the water-rock interface to determine the net uplift pressures and the potential for detachment. Block movements are described based on 1-degree-of-freedom rigid body kinematics applied to submerged bodies and account for the most relevant forces such as quasi-steady and fluctuating lift forces, submerged weight, added mass during block acceleration and potential frictional forces along lateral joints. The paper details the mechanism of block detachment and the way it is accounted for in the computations. Furthermore, an application example of the presented novel approach is outlined through site observed scour formation downstream of a spillway flip bucket.
Disseminating and assessing implementation of the EULAR recommendations for patient education in inflammatory arthritis: A mixed-methods study with patients' perspectives
Creators: name: Jones, Bethan
name: Bennett, Sarah
name: Larsson, Ingrid
name: Zangi, Heidi
name: Boström, Carina
name: Van Der Elst, Kristien
name: Fayet, Françoise
name: Fusama, Mie
name: Herrero Manso, María Del Carmen
name: Hoeper, Juliana Rachel
name: Kukkurainen, Marja Leena
name: Kwok, Suet Kei
name: Frãzao-Mateus, Elsa
name: Minnock, Patricia
name: Nava, Tiziana
name: Pavic Nikolic, Milena
name: Primdahl, Jette
name: Rawat, Roopa
name: Schoenfelder, Mareen
name: Sierakowska, Matylda
name: Voshaar, Marieke
name: Wammervold, Edgar
name: Van Tubergen, Astrid
name: Ndosi, Mwidimi
Publisher: name: London : BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: arthritis
subject: health services research
subject: patient care team
subject: qualitative research
subject: rehabilitation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Objectives: To explore patients' agreement and reasons for agreement or disagreement with the EULAR recommendations for patient education (PE) for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Methods: This mixed-method survey collected data using snowball sampling. The survey had been translated into 20 languages by local healthcare professionals, researchers and patient research partners. It explored the degree to which patients with IA agreed with each recommendation for PE (0=do not agree at all and 10=agree completely) and their rationale for their agreement level in free text questions. Descriptive statistics summarised participants' demographics and agreement levels. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the free text data. Sixteen subcategories were developed, describing the reasons for agreement or disagreement with the recommendations, which constituted the categories. Results: The sample comprised 2779 participants (79% female), with a mean (SD) age 55.1 (13.1) years and disease duration 17.1 (13.3) years. Participants strongly agreed with most recommendations (median 10 (IQR: 9-10) for most recommendations). Reasons for agreement with the recommendations included the benefit of using PE to facilitate collaborative care and shared decision making, the value of flexible and tailored PE, and the value of gaining support from other patients. Reasons for disagreement included lack of resources for PE, not wanting information to be tailored by healthcare professionals and a reluctance to use telephone-based PE. Conclusion: The EULAR recommendations for PE have been disseminated among patients with IA. Overall, agreement levels were very high, suggesting that they reflect patients' preferences for engaging in collaborative clinical care and using PE to facilitate and supplement their own understanding of IA. Reasons for not completely agreeing with the recommendations can inform implementation strategies and education of healthcare professionals.
Access To The Trade: Citizens, Craft Guilds And Social And Geographical Mobility In Early Modern Europe – A Survey Of The Literature, With Additional New Data (D3.3)
Creators: name: Prak, Maarten
name: Kissane, Christopher
name: Minns, Chris
name: Wallis, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: guilds
Early modern Europe

description: Citizenship is a socio-political instrument of inclusion – and therefore inevitably also of exclusion. It has been so ever since the invention of the concept in Antiquity. In the historical literature it is often argued that the exclusion element was for a long time predominant, and only became replaced by ‘inclusion’ after the French Revolution and the rise of parliamentary democracy. In the pre-modern world exclusion mechanisms were indeed an important aspect of the rules for the acquisition of citizenship status, and in particular for guild membership and the monopoly rights that their regulations asserted. Guilds, especially, have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to established masters and their descendants, over immigrants and other outsiders. This potentially had serious economic consequences. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a disincentive for technological progress. On the basis of this critique, we might assume that the sons of locally established citizens and masters dominated the citizenry of towns and the membership of the average craft guild. In this paper the results of detailed local investigations of the composition of citizenries and guild apprentices and masters are brought together, to find out to what extent this picture is historically correct. We argue that this data offers an indirect measurement of the accessibility of citizenship and guilds that allows insight into the mechanisms of exclusion and their impact. The paper finds that sons of established masters did dominate in some places and trades, but in many others they did not, and that, by implication, our understanding of urban and guild ‘monopolies’, and the measure of protection and reward they supplied to established citizens, is in need of serious revision. This in turn implies that the historical narrative of European citizenship creating an ever greater inclusiveness, is perhaps also in need of revision.

Workpackage 3 explores the historical dimensions of citizenship in Europe from the seventeenth century onwards. It aims to provide a long-term perspective on the issues facing modern policy makers in relation to citizenship in the multi-national environment of the EU. An important element of this is comparing various citizenship regimes and connecting their characteristics to economic performance and overall wellbeing. This working paper is intended to provide the basis for one element of this comparison.
Designing As you like it: conceptualization, process and creation
Creators: name: Pearce, Wes D.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: PN 2053 P43 1995
subject: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. As you like it
subject: Theaters - Stage setting and scenery

description: Bibliography: p. 83-88.
Entropy Production and Viscosity of A Dilute Gas
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the viscosity of a dilute gas can be derived by using kinetic theory. We present here a new derivation by using two entropy production principles: the steepest entropy ascent (SEA) principle and the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle. The known result is reproduced in a similar form.
A model of unified quantum chromodynamics and Yang-Mills gravity
Creators: name: Hsu, Jong-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a generalized Yang-Mills framework, gravitational and strong interactions can be unified in analogy with the unification in the electroweak theory. By gauging $T(4) \times [SU(3)]_{color} $ in flat space-time, we have a unified model of chromo-gravity with a new tensor gauge field, which couples universally to all gluons, quarks and anti-quarks. The space-time translational gauge symmetry assures that all wave equations of quarks and gluons reduce to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation with the same `effective Riemann metric tensors' in the geometric-optics (or classical) limit. The emergence of effective metric tensors in the classical limit is essential for the unified model to agree with experiments. The unified model suggests that all gravitational, strong and electroweak interactions appear to be dictated by gauge symmetries in the generalized Yang-Mills framework.
description: 12 pages. To be published in Chinese Physics C
Assessing students’ epistemic beliefs related to professional and school science
Creators: name: Voitle, Frauke
name: Heuckmann, Benedikt
name: Kampa, Nele
name: Kremer, Kerstin
Publisher: name: [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Routledge, Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Assessment
subject: epistemology
subject: secondary/high school
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: The school context, like other influences, affects the development of students’ epistemic beliefs (EBs), with theoretical conceptualizations suggesting a distinction between EBs related to professional and school science. However, empirical studies rarely address this distinction, and instruments separately assessing these EBs are not available. We address this research gap by providing a new questionnaire that is based on the established instrument by Conley et al. (2004) and which uses pairs of analogous items referring to the contexts of professional and school science. We succeeded in simultaneously assessing students’ EBs with reliable scales that allow for direct comparisons. Cross-sectional data is reported from a cohort study (N = 405) in grades 6 (n = 132), 8 (n = 167) and 10 (n = 106) that showed higher agreement with the scales related to professional science as well as higher agreement in higher grade levels. We further discuss methodological aspects of scale-formation, and highlight promising implementations of our questionnaire that future research could benefit from.
title: Hydraulic Computations for Stepped Concrete Overlays of Embankment Dams
Creators: name: Wahl, Tony L.
name: Hunt, Sherry L.
name: Kadavy, Kem C.
name: Falvey, Henry T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: One method for rehabilitating and modernizing embankment dams is the addition of a concrete overlay that protects the embankment and allows floods to pass safely over the dam. Roller compacted concrete is commonly used, which makes it practical to use a stepped construction that also enhances energy dissipation. Analysis of flow conditions over such structures requires computation of aerated flow and its effects on flow depth, training wall design, and energy dissipation. This paper describes Spillway Pro, an energy-based water surface profile calculation tool for smooth spillway chutes (Wahl et al. 2019), recently improved to also analyze stepped chutes. The tool is applicable to a wide range of chute slopes, including flatter slopes typical of embankment dam overlays and steeper slopes encountered on concrete gravity dams. An energy-based analysis allows Spillway Pro to be applied to situations differing from the idealized configurations covered by available empirical approaches, such as non-constant slopes, varying step heights, and converging chutes. Spillway Pro integrates water surface profile calculations, aerated flow effects, and cavitation analysis, which is potentially important for steeper slopes and large unit discharges. Simultaneous calculation of smooth and stepped-chute flow profiles enables rapid assessment of the energy dissipation benefits of steps, as well as a comparison of the aerated flow and cavitation issues for smooth vs. stepped chute alternatives.
Effects of longer-range interactions on unconventional superconductivity
Creators: name: Raghu, S.
name: Berg, E.
name: Chubukov, A. V.
name: Kivelson, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of the non-vanishing range of electron-electron repulsion on the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity. We present asymptotically exact weak-coupling results for dilute electrons in the continuum and for the 2D extended Hubbard model, as well as density-matrix renormalization group results for the two-leg extended Hubbard model at intermediate couplings, and approximate results for the case of realistically screened Coulomb interactions. We show that $T_c$ is generally suppressed in some pairing channels as longer range interactions increase in strength, but superconductivity is not destroyed. Our results confirm that electron-electron interaction can lead to unconventional superconductivity under physically realistic circumstances.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Sympathetic cooling schemes for separately trapped ions coupled via image currents
Creators: name: Will, C.
name: Bohman, M.
name: Driscoll, T.
name: Wiesinger, M.
name: Abbass, F.
name: Borchert, M.J.
name: Devlin, J.A.
name: Erlewein, S.
name: Fleck, M.
name: Latacz, B.
name: Moller, R.
name: Mooser, A.
name: Popper, D.
name: Wursten, E.
name: Blaum, K.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Quint, W.
name: Walz, J.
name: Smorra, C.
name: Ulmer, S.
Publisher: name: [Bad Honnef] : Dt. Physikalische Ges.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: atomic physics
subject: laser cooling
subject: Penning trap
subject: precision measurements
subject: sympathetic cooling
subject: trapped ions
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Cooling of particles to mK-temperatures is essential for a variety of experiments with trapped charged particles. However, many species of interest lack suitable electronic transitions for direct laser cooling. We study theoretically the remote sympathetic cooling of a single proton with laser-cooled 9Be+ in a double-Penning-trap system. We investigate three different cooling schemes and find, based on analytical calculations and numerical simulations, that two of them are capable of achieving proton temperatures of about 10 mK with cooling times on the order of 10 s. In contrast, established methods such as feedback-enhanced resistive cooling with image-current detectors are limited to about 1 K in 100 s. Since the studied techniques are applicable to any trapped charged particle and allow spatial separation between the target ion and the cooling species, they enable a variety of precision measurements based on trapped charged particles to be performed at improved sampling rates and with reduced systematic uncertainties.
Thermo-Resistive Instability of Hot Planetary Atmospheres
Creators: name: Menou, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheres of hot Jupiters and other strongly-forced exoplanets are susceptible to a thermal instability in the presence of ohmic dissipation, weak magnetic drag and strong winds. The instability occurs in radiatively-dominated atmospheric regions when the ohmic dissipation rate increases with temperature faster than the radiative (cooling) rate. The instability domain covers a specific range of atmospheric pressures and temperatures, typically P ~ 3-300 mbar and T ~ 1500-2500K for hot Jupiters, which makes it a candidate mechanism to explain the dayside thermal "inversions" inferred for a number of such exoplanets. The instability is suppressed by high levels of non-thermal photoionization, in possible agreement with a recently established observational trend. We highlight several shortcomings of the instability treatment presented here. Understanding the emergence and outcome of the instability, which should result in locally hotter atmospheres with stronger levels of drag, will require global non-linear atmospheric models with adequate MHD prescriptions.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL