cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Elegent -- an elastic event generator
Creators: name: Kašpar, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although elastic scattering of nucleons may look like a simple process, it presents a long-lasting challenge for theory. Due to missing hard energy scale, the perturbative QCD can not be applied. Instead, many phenomenological/theoretical models have emerged. In this paper we present a unified implementation of some of the most prominent models in a C++ library, moreover extended to account for effects of the electromagnetic interaction. The library is complemented with a number of utilities. For instance, programs to sample many distributions of interest in four-momentum transfer squared, t, impact parameter, b, and collision energy sqrt(s). These distributions at ISR, SppS, RHIC, Tevatron and LHC energies are available for download from the project web site. Both in the form of ROOT files and PDF figures providing comparisons among the models. The package includes also a tool for Monte-Carlo generation of elastic scattering events, which can easily be embedded in any other program framework.
Charged black holes in Horava gravity
Creators: name: Janiszewski, Stefan
name: Karch, Andreas
name: Robinson, Brandon
name: Sommer, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore static spherically symmetric black hole solutions allowing a bulk U(1) vector field in the khronometric formulation of Horava gravity by way of Einstein-Aether. We examine analytic solutions and study numerical results in the limit that the khronon does not backreact on the metric.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Education of medical personnel optimizes filling volume of blood culture bottles without negatively affecting microbiology testing
Creators: name: Steiner, Katrin
name: Baron-Stefaniak, Joanna
name: Hirschl, Alexander M.
name: Barousch, Wolfgang
name: Willinger, Birgit
name: Baron, David M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Strong Ground Motion in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake: a 1Directional - 3Component Modeling
Creators: name: D'Avila, Maria Paola Santisi
name: Semblat, Jean François
name: Lenti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local wave amplification due to strong seismic motions in surficial multilayered soil is influenced by several parameters such as the wavefield polarization and the dynamic properties and impedance contrast between soil layers. The present research aims at investigating seismic motion amplification in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake through a one-directional three-component (1D-3C) wave propagation model. A 3D nonlinear constitutive relation for dry soils under cyclic loading is implemented in a quadratic line finite element model. The soil rheology is modeled by mean of a multi-surface cyclic plasticity model of the Masing-Prandtl-Ishlinskii-Iwan (MPII) type. Its major advantage is that the rheology is characterized by few commonly measured parameters. Ground motions are computed at the surface of soil profiles in the Tohoku area (Japan) by propagating 3C signals recorded at rock outcrops, during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Computed surface ground motions are compared to the Tohoku earthquake records at alluvial sites and the reliability of the 1D-3C model is corroborated. The 1D-3C approach is compared with the combination of three separate one-directional analyses of one motion component propagated independently (1D-1C approach). The 3D loading path due to the 3C-polarization leads to multiaxial stress interaction that reduces soil strength and increases nonlinear effects. Time histories and spectral amplitudes, for the Tohoku earthquake, are numerically reproduced. The 1D-3C approach allows the evaluation of various parameters of the 3C motion and 3D stress and strain evolution all over the soil profile.
description: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, 2B (2013) 1394-1410. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1308.1949
The Study of Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fresh Ginger Rhizomes and Ginger Capsules in Thailand
Creators: name: Laksana Charoenchai
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2013
Subjects: ginger rhizome, ginger capsule, volatile oil, retention index, gas chromatography mass spectrometry

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 9, 1, 52-63
Microfluidic Bioreactor for Dynamic Regulation of Early Mesodermal Commitment in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Creators: name: Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
name: Cimetta, Elisa
name: Sirabella, Dario
name: Yeager, Keith
name: Davidson, Kathryn
name: Simon, Joseph
name: Moon, Randall T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: During development and regeneration, tissues emerge from coordinated sequences of stem cell renewal, specialization and assembly that are orchestrated by cascades of regulatory signals. The complex and dynamic in vivo milieu cannot be replicated using standard in vitro techniques. Microscale technologies now offer potential for conducting highly controllable and sophisticated experiments at biologically relevant scales, with real-time insights into cellular responses. We developed a microbioreactor providing time sequences of space-resolved gradients of multiple molecular factors in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture settings, along with a versatile, high-throughput operation and imaging compatibility. A single microbioreactor yields up to 120 data points, corresponding to 15 replicates of a gradient with 8 concentration levels. Embryoid bodies (EBs) obtained from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC, hiPSC) were exposed to concentration gradients of Wnt3a, Activin A, BMP4 and their inhibitors, to get new insights into the early-stage fate specification and mesodermal lineage commitment. We were able to evaluate the initiation of mesodermal induction by measuring and correlating the gene expression profiles to the concentration gradients of mesoderm-inducing morphogens. We propose that the microbioreactor systems combining spatial and temporal gradients of molecular and physical factors to hESC and hiPSC cultures can form a basis for predictable in vitro models of development and disease.
Additional file 1 of Platelet proteome changes in dogs with congestive heart failure
Creators: name: Levent, Pinar
name: Kocaturk, Meriç
name: Akgun, Emel
name: Saril, Ahmet
name: Cevik, Ozge
name: Baykal, Ahmet Tarik
name: Tanaka, Ryou
name: Ceron, Jose Joaquin
name: Yilmaz, Zeki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1 Accession number, fold changes and description of the platelet proteomes (n = 94). This is a supplementary file including that 94 out of 104 platelet proteins were differentially expressed but not statistically significant in dogs with heart failure compared to controls.
Additional file 1 of Relationship between freshwater harmful algal blooms and neurodegenerative disease incidence rates in South Korea
Creators: name: Lee, Seungjun
name: Choi, Boseung
name: Kim, Sung Jae
name: Kim, Jinnam
name: Kang, Dayun
name: Lee, Jiyoung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Results of GLM that examined the relationships between HABs and neurodegenerative diseasesα with different sizes of radius. Supplementary Fig. 1. Microscopic images (× 400) of cyanobacteria were captured from an outer layer of the personal mask from a fisherman working downstream of the Nakdong River (Daedong Dock (35.239992 (latitude), 128.996558 (longitude)). Supplementary Table 2. Concentrations of microcystins and BMAA from the air and water samples collected downstream of Nakdong River (Daedong Dock (35.239992 (latitude), 128.996558 (longitude)).
Spin relaxation in inhomogeneous quantum dot arrays studied by electron spin resonance
Creators: name: Zinovieva, A. F.
name: Stepina, N. P.
name: Nikiforov, A. I.
name: Nenashev, A. V.
name: Dvurechenskii, A. V.
name: Kulik, L. V.
name: Sobolev, N. A.
name: Carmo, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron states in a inhomogeneous Ge/Si quantum dot array with groups of closely spaced quantum dots were studied by conventional continuous wave ($cw$) ESR and spin-echo methods. We find that the existence of quantum dot groups allows to increase the spin relaxation time in the system. Created structures allow us to change an effective localization radius of electrons by external magnetic field. With the localization radius close to the size of a quantum dot group, we obtain fourfold increasing spin relaxation time $T_1$, as compared to conventional homogeneous quantum dot arrays. This effect is attributed to averaging of local magnetic fields related to nuclear spins $^{29}$Si and stabilization of $S_z$-polarization during electron back-and-forth motion within a quantum dot group.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
The theory of contractions of 2D 2nd order quantum superintegrable systems and its relation to the Askey scheme for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials
Creators: name: Miller, Willard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22E70, 16G99, 37J35, 37K10, 33C45, 17B60

description: We describe a contraction theory for 2nd order superintegrable systems, showing that all such systems in 2 dimensions are limiting cases of a single system: the generic 3-parameter potential on the 2-sphere, S9 in our listing. Analogously, all of the quadratic symmetry algebras of these systems can be obtained by a sequence of contractions starting from S9. By contracting function space realizations of irreducible representations of the S9 algebra (which give the structure equations for Racah/Wilson polynomials) to the other superintegrable systems one obtains the full Askey scheme of orthogonal hypergeometric polynomials.This relates the scheme directly to explicitly solvable quantum mechanical systems. Amazingly, all of these contractions of superintegrable systems with potential are uniquely induced by Wigner Lie algebra contractions of so(3,C) and e(2,C). The present paper concentrates on describing this intimate link between Lie algebra and superintegrable system contractions, with the detailed calculations presented elsewhere. Joint work with E. Kalnins, S. Post, E. Subag and R. Heinonen
description: 23 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.4766
Unemployment and the Social Safety Net during Transitions to a Market Economy: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics
Creators: name: Ham, John C.
name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Terrell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics

description: The Central and East European (CEE) countries are completing the first decade of a dramatic transition from a centrally planned economic system to a market system. Although economic outcomes have been diverse, all CEE countries (except for the Czech Republic) have experienced rapidly rising and persistently high unemployment rates, which have been accompanied by long spells of unemployment. By contrast, in the Czech Republic the unemployment rate has remained low and unemployment spells have been short (Table 1). The unemployment crisis in the CEE countries has contributed to a political backlash as disenchanted voters often ousted the first reform governments after a few years. This experience underscores the importance of two questions. First, why has the unemployment problem in the Czech Republic been much less severe? Second, how can economies in transition strike a balance between (i) reducing government intervention and introducing market incentives, and (ii) providing an adequate social safety net that ensures public support for the transition? In addition to being of academic interest, answers to these questions are essential for policy makers in the CEE countries, in Western governments, and at international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Additional file 1 of Hemoglobin concentrations and adverse birth outcomes in South Asian pregnant women: findings from a prospective Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry
Creators: name: Ali, Sumera Aziz
name: Shiyam Sunder Tikmani
name: Saleem, Sarah
name: Patel, Archana B.
name: Hibberd, Patricia L.
name: Shivaprasad S. Goudar
name: Sangappa Dhaded
name: Derman, Richard J.
name: Moore, Janet L.
name: McClure, Elizabeth M.
name: Goldenberg, Robert L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1: Socio Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women by Hemoglobin Availability (DOCX 25 kb)
Additional file 1 of The rapid and efficient strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron transmission control: analysis of outbreaks at the city level
Creators: name: Zheng, Jin-Xin
name: Lv, Shan
name: Tian, Li-Guang
name: Guo, Zhao-Yu
name: Zheng, Pei-Yong
name: Chen, Yue-Lai
name: Guan, Shi-Yang
name: Wang, Wei-Ming
name: Zhang, Shun-Xian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The daily number of reported infections, population flow index and the estimated effective reproductive numbers of SARS-CoV-2 non-Omicron and Omicron outbreak in city levels.
Analysis of reinforced concrete shells with transverse shear forces
Creators: name: Schulz, Mauro
name: D'Avila, Maria Paola Santisi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This research investigates the simultaneous effect of in-plane and transverse loads in reinforced concrete shells. The infinitesimal shell element is divided into layers (with triaxial behavior) that are analyzed according to the smeared rotating crack approach. The set of internals forces includes the derivatives of the in-plane components. The corresponding generalized strains are determined using an extension of the equivalent section method, valid for shells. The formulation yields through-the-thickness distributions of stresses and strains and the spatial orientation of the concrete struts. Although some simplifications are necessary to establish a practical first-order approximation, higher-order solutions could be developed. Despite the fact that constitutive matrices are not symmetric, because of the tension-softening formulation, the equilibrium and compatibility conditions are satisfied, the stiffness derivatives are explicitly calculated and the algorithms show good convergence. The formulation predicts results that agree with experimental data obtained by other researchers. Although comparative analysis with additional experimental data is still necessary, the proposed theory provides a promising solution for the design of reinforced concrete shells.
Microeconomic Issues in the Transition to a Market Economy
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Economics

description: The socialist system introduced microeconomic distortions that probably transcend those observed in the third world. The recent developments in Poland, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union also support the hypothesis that macro stabilization will be difficult to achieve in the transforming socialist economies in the absence of adequate micro adjustments. In this paper, I address what I consider to be the most important micro issues related to the transition from socialist to market economies. First I summarize the initial microeconomic conditions, covering labor, capital, and energy markets; the product markets, industrial organization, and trade; and the market for land and housing. Then, I describe the main changes that have taken place in the early stages of the transition. Finally, I discuss the micro policy agenda that needs to be addressed if the transition is to be successful
Additional file 1 of Small-scale population structuring results in differential susceptibility to pesticide exposure
Creators: name: Grethlein, Martin
name: Pelikan, Lars
name: Dombrowski, Andrea
name: Kabus, Jana
name: Oehlmann, Jörg
name: Weigand, Alexander
name: Jourdan, Jonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 1. SI 1: Seasonal variation of haplotypes. SI 2: Additional information on sampling sites. SI 3: Additional results.
Microfluidic Device Generating Stable Concentration Gradients for Long-Term Cell Culture: Application to Wnt3a Regulation of B-catenin signaling
Creators: name: Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
name: Cimetta, Elisa
name: Cannizzaro, Christopher
name: James, Richard
name: Biechele, Travis
name: Moon, Randall T.
name: Elvassore, Nicola
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: In developing tissues, proteins and signaling molecules present themselves in the form of concentration gradients, which determine the fate specification and behavior of the sensing cells. To mimic these conditions in vitro, we developed a microfluidic device designed to generate stable concentration gradients at low hydrodynamic shear and allowing long term culture of adhering cells. The gradient forms in a culture space between two parallel laminar flow streams of culture medium at two different concentrations of a given morphogen. The exact algorithm for defining the concentration gradients was established with the aid of mathematical modeling of flow and mass transport. Wnt3a regulation of B-catenin signaling was chosen as a case study. The highly conserved Wnt-activated B-catenin pathway plays major roles in embryonic development, stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Wnt3a stimulates the activity of B-catenin pathway, leading to translocation of B-catenin to the nucleus where it activates a series of target genes. We cultured A375 cells stably expressing a Wnt/B-catenin reporter driving the expression of Venus, pBARVS, inside the microfluidic device. The extent to which the B-catenin pathway was activated in response to a gradient of Wnt3a was assessed in real time using the BARVS reporter gene. On a single cell level, the B-catenin signaling was proportionate to the concentration gradient of Wnt3a; we thus propose that the modulation of Wnt3a gradients in real time can provide new insights into the dynamics of B-catenin pathway, under conditions that replicate some aspects of the actual cell-tissue milieu. Our device thus offers a highly controllable platform for exploring the effects of concentration gradients on cultured cells.
Direct-coupling lensing by antisymmetric tensor monopoles
Creators: name: Lau, Kamuela N.
name: Seifert, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effects of a direct coupling between a rank-two antisymmetric tensor field and the Maxwell field. The coupling we consider leads to vacuum birefringence, allowing us to place constraints on the magnitude of the tensor field and the strength of its coupling to the Maxwell field via cosmological birefringence measurements. For light propagating in the presence of a topological defect solution, we find that light rays with different polarizations will follow different trajectories; the magnitude of this deflection is predicted to be extremely small (on the order of 10^-10 arcseconds). We discuss the plausibility of this phenomenon as a method for detection of these monopoles, along with the applicability of our methods to other possible couplings between the tensor field and the Maxwell field.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Platelet proteome changes in dogs with congestive heart failure
Creators: name: Levent, Pinar
name: Kocaturk, Meriç
name: Akgun, Emel
name: Saril, Ahmet
name: Cevik, Ozge
name: Baykal, Ahmet Tarik
name: Tanaka, Ryou
name: Ceron, Jose Joaquin
name: Yilmaz, Zeki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Protein classification. Protein classification based on the biological process, molecular function, protein class and pathway analysis.
Stellar and circumstellar properties of visual binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster
Creators: name: Correia, S.
name: Duchene, G.
name: Reipurth, B.
name: Zinnecker, H.
name: Daemgen, S.
name: Petr-Gotzens, M. G.
name: Koehler, R.
name: Ratzka, Th.
name: Aspin, C.
name: Konopacky, Q. M.
name: Ghez, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our general understanding of multiple star and planet formation is primarily based on observations of young multiple systems in low density regions like Tau-Aur and Oph. Since many, if not most, of the stars are born in clusters, observational constraints from young binaries in those environments are fundamental for understanding both the formation of multiple systems and planets in multiple systems throughout the Galaxy. We build upon the largest survey for young binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) which is based on Hubble Space Telescope observations to derive both stellar and circumstellar properties of newborn binary systems in this cluster environment. We present Adaptive Optics spatially-resolved JHKL'-band photometry and K-band R$\sim$\,5000 spectra for a sample of 8 ONC binary systems from this database. We characterize the stellar properties of binary components and obtain a census of protoplanetary disks through K-L' color excess. For a combined sample of ONC binaries including 7 additional systems with NIR spectroscopy from the literature, we derive mass ratio and relative age distributions. We compare the stellar and circumstellar properties of binaries in ONC with those in Tau-Aur and Oph from samples of binaries with stellar properties derived for each component from spectra and/or visual photometry and with a disk census obtained through K-L color excess. The mass ratio distribution of ONC binaries is found to be indistinguishable from that of Tau-Aur and, to some extent, to that of Oph in the separation range 85-560\,AU and for primary mass in the range 0.15 to 0.8\,M$_{\sun}$.A trend toward a lower mass ratio with larger separation is suggested in ONC binaries which is not seen in Tau-Aur binaries.The components of ONC binaries are found to be significantly more coeval than the overall ONC population and as coeval as components of binaries in Tau-Aur and Oph[...]
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Investment, Credit Rationing, and the Soft Budget Constraint: Evidence from Czech Panel Data
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Lizal, Lubomir
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Commerce
Economic history

description: Strategic restructuring of firms through investment is key to a transition from plan to market. Using data on industrial firms in the Czech Republic during 1992-1998, we find that foreign-owned companies invest the most and cooperatives the least, that private firms do not invest more than state-owned ones, and that cooperatives and small firms are credit rationed. Given the large volume of nonperforming bank loans to firms and the high rate of investment of large state-owned and private firms, our findings also suggest that these firms operate under a soft budget constraint. Estimates of a dynamic model, together with the support for the neoclassical model, suggest that firms started to behave consistently with profit maximization.
The Formation of a Cavity in a 3D Flux Rope
Creators: name: Schmit, Donald
name: Gibson, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are currently no three dimensional numerical models which describe the magnetic and energetic formation of prominences self-consistently. Consequently, there has not been significant progress made in understanding the connection between the dense prominence plasma and the coronal cavity. We have taken an ad-hoc approach to understanding the energetic implications of the magnetic models of prominence structure. We extract one dimensional magnetic field lines from a 3D MHD model of a flux rope and solve for hydrostatic balance along these field lines incorporating field-aligned thermal conduction, uniform heating, and radiative losses. The 1D hydrostatic solutions for density and temperature are then mapped back into three dimensional space, which allows us to consider the projection of multiple structures. We find that the 3D flux rope is composed of several distinct field line types. A majority of the flux rope interior field lines are twisted but not dipped. These field lines are density-reduced relative to unsheared arcade field lines. We suggest the cavity may form along these short interior field lines which are surrounded by a sheath of dipped field lines. This geometric arrangement would create a cavity on top of a prominence, but the two structures would not share field lines or plasma
Transition Economies: Performance and Challenges
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Economic history

description: I present data and assess the first twelve years of the transition from plan to market. Transformations have taken place, but the income gap between the transition and advanced economies has widened. Transition countries further east have performed worse than those further west, but policies matter. All countries carried out quickly Type I reforms, such as macroeconomic stabilization, price liberalization, small-scale privatization, and breakup of state-owned enterprises. They differed in Type II reforms, such as large-scale privatization and development of banking and legal systems. Countries that developed a functioning legal framework and corporate governance have performed better than others.
ExoMol line lists II: The ro-vibrational spectrum of SiO
Creators: name: Barton, Emma J.
name: Yurchenko, Sergei N.
name: Tennyson, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate rotation-vibration line lists are calculated for silicon monoxide. Line lists are presented for the main isotopologue, $^{28}$Si$^{16}$O, and for four monosubsituted isotopologues ($^{29}$Si$^{16}$O, $^{30}$Si$^{16}$O, $^{28}$Si$^{18}$O and $^{28}$Si$^{17}$O), in their ground electronic states. These line lists are suitable for high temperatures (up to 9000 K) including those relevant to exoplanetary atmospheres and cool stars. A combination of empirical and \textit{ab initio} methods is used: the potential energy curves are determined to high accuracy by fitting to extensive data from the analysis of both laboratory and sunspot spectra; a high quality {\it ab initio} dipole moment curve is calculated at the large basis set, multi-reference configuration interaction level. A partition function plus full line lists of rotation-vibration transitions are made available in an electronic form as supplementary data to this article and at \url{www.exomol.com}.
description: MNRAS (in press)
Additional file 1 of Nurse-led consultations reinforced with eHealth technology: a qualitative study of the experiences of patients with gynecological cancer
Creators: name: Skorstad, Mette
name: Vistad, Ingvild
name: Fegran, Liv
name: Berntsen, Sveinung
name: Johannessen, Berit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Measurement of X-ray Photon Energy and Arrival Time Using a Silicon Drift Detector
Creators: name: Liu, Li
name: Zheng, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting the X-ray radialization of pulsars and obtaining the photons' time of arrival are the foundation steps in autonomous navigation via X-ray pulsar measurement. The precision of a pulse' s time of arrival is mainly decided by the precision of photon arrival time. In this work, a silicon drift detector is used to measure photon energy and arrival time. The measurement system consists of a signal detector, a processing unit, a signal acquisition unit, and a data receiving unit. This system acquires the energy resolution and arrival time information of photons. In particular, when background noise with different energies disturbs epoch folding, the system can acquire a high signal-to-noise ratio pulse profile. Ground test results show that this system can be applied in autonomous navigation using X-ray pulsar measurement as payload.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Surface-Patterned Electrode Bioreactor for Electrical Stimulation
Creators: name: Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
name: Tandon, Nina
name: Marsano, Anna
name: Maidhof, Robert
name: Numata, Keiji
name: Montouri-Sorrentino, Chrystina
name: Cannizzaro, Christopher
name: Voldman, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: We present a microscale cell culture system with an interdigitated microarray of excimer-laser-ablated indium tin oxide electrodes for electrical stimulation of cultured cells. The system has been characterized in a range of geometeries and stimulation regimes via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and used to culture primary cardiomyocytes and human adipose derived stem cells. Over 6 days of culture with electrical stimulation (2 ms duration, 1 Hz, 180 μm wide electrodes with 200 μm spacing), both cell types exhibited enhanced proliferation, elongation and alignment, and adipose derived stem cells exhibited higher numbers of Connexin-43-composed gap junctions.
title: Abschrift. Allerdurchlauchtigster etc. etc. Wenn die welterschütternden Ereignisse unserer Tage Deutschland eine kaum geahndete Größe versprachen, wenn wir hoffen dürfen, einer auf Freiheit und Gesetz gegründeten glücklichen Zukunft entgegen zu gehen, so ist doch auf der anderen Seite nicht zu verkennen, daß eine solche Umwälzung fast aller politischen und staatlichen Einrichtungen nicht ohne Gefahr für die sociale Ordnung vorübergehen kann ...; [1848]
title: [München, den 11ten. April 1848]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Leiningen, Karl zu
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2017

description: Lithographie in deutscher Kurrentschrift
Returns to Human Capital Under The Communist Wage Grid and During the Transition to a Market Economy
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Munich, Daniel
name: Terrell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics
Economic history

description: We estimate returns to human capital during communism and the transition using data on 2,284 men in the Czech Republic. We show: (a) extremely low and constant rates of return to education under the communist wage grid and dramatic increases in transition, which do not differ by firm ownership, (b) radical changes in returns to several fields of study and “sheepskin effects” in both regimes, (c) identical wage experience profile in both regimes, (d) similar 1996 returns to human capital obtained in communism and in transition, and (e) changes in the interindustry wage structure. A decomposition of the variance of wages finds individuals' unobservable effects from communism to persist into transition, but most of the variance is due to unobservable effects introduced in the transition.
Additional file 1 of Impact of a community-based pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity: a ‘whole-system approach’ case study
Creators: name: Gadsby, E. W.
name: S. Hotham
name: T. Eida
name: C. Lawrence
name: R. Merritt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The survey distributed to children in years 2 to 4. (PDF 1269 kb)
Micro-Bioreactor Array for Controlling Cellular Microenvironments
Creators: name: Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
name: Figallo, Elisa
name: Cannizzaro, Christopher
name: Gerecht, Sharon
name: Burdick, Jason A.
name: Langer, Robert
name: Elvassore, Nicola
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: High throughput experiments can be used to spatially and temporally investigate the many factors that regulate cell differentiation. We have developed a micro-bioreactor array (MBA) that is fabricated using soft lithography and contains twelve independent micro-bioreactors perfused with culture medium. The MBA enables cultivation of cells that are either attached to substrates or encapsulated in hydrogels, at variable levels of hydrodynamic shear, and with automated image analysis of the expression of cell differentiation markers. The flow and mass transport in the MBA were characterized by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. The representative MBA configurations were validated using the C2C12 cell line, primary rat cardiac myocytes and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) (lines H09 and H13). To illustrate the utility of the MBA for controlled studies of hESCs, we established correlations between the expression of smooth muscle actin and cell density for three different flow configurations.
Additional file 3 of Impact of a community-based pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity: a ‘whole-system approach’ case study
Creators: name: Gadsby, E. W.
name: S. Hotham
name: T. Eida
name: C. Lawrence
name: R. Merritt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. The survey distributed to parents/carers in 2019. (PDF 872 kb)
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1942-08-09)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1942
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Enterprise Breakups and Performance During the Transition from Plan to Market
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Lizal, Lubomir
name: Singer, Miroslav
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Commerce
Economic history

description: Using firm-level data, we estimate the effects of the major wave of 1991 breakups of Czechoslovak state-owned enterprises on the subsequent performance of the ‘master enterprises’ and spun-off divisions. We estimate the performance effects of spinoffs by comparing the performance of enterprises that remained intact throughout the 1990–1992 period to the performance of the master enterprises that experienced spinoffs and the newly spun-off subsidiaries. Our estimates suggest that the breakups had a significant immediate effect on the productive efficiency and on the profitability of industrial firms in 1991, and that the effect became much less significant in 1992. The effect is a negative function of the size of the spinoff, being positive for small to slightly above average-sized spinoffs and negative for very large ones. We cannot reject the hypothesis that the estimated effect was identical for the spun-off subsidiaries and the master enterprises that experienced the spinoffs. Our 1991 estimates suggest that the large firms created under the centrally planned system suffered from inefficiencies that were alleviated by the breakups. The 1992 estimates are consistent with increased competition and the appropriation of profits by managers.
Additional file 1 of Socioeconomic and marital status among liver cirrhosis patients and associations with mortality: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Creators: name: Vaz, Juan
name: Strömberg, Ulf
name: Berne Eriksson
name: Buchebner, David
name: Midlöv, Patrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Material 1. Diagnoses (ICD-10-SE) used to identify possible patients with cirrhosis in Halland (Sweden), 2011–2018. Contains the ICD-10-SE codes used for the identification of the study cohort.
Anisotropic polarization, predicted as a result of the diffraction of blackbody radiation at a reflective phase grating with ideal conductivity
Creators: name: Savukov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the course of analyzing the axiomatic principles that form the basis of statistical physics, the validity of the postulate that all the isoenergetic microstates of a closed system are equally probable was checked. This article reports the results of numerically modelling the interaction of thermodynamically equilibrium blackbody radiation with a reflective phase diffraction grating that possesses ideal conductivity. Cases are found in which anisotropy of the polarization parameters is guaranteed to appear inside a closed volume of initially homogeneous blackbody radiation, resulting in a formal decrease of its Boltzmann entropy as a consequence of deviation from the microcanonical Gibbs distribution. This is apparently caused by the discontinuous character of the change of the phase trajectories of the photons during diffraction, which makes the physical system under consideration nonergodic.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2 of Impact of a community-based pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity: a ‘whole-system approach’ case study
Creators: name: Gadsby, E. W.
name: S. Hotham
name: T. Eida
name: C. Lawrence
name: R. Merritt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. The survey distributed to children in years 5 to 6. (PDF 1282 kb)
Additional file 1 of Identifying pre-conception and pre-natal periods in which ambient air pollution exposure affects fetal growth in the predominately Hispanic MADRES cohort
Creators: name: Peterson, Alicia K.
name: Habre, Rima
name: Niu, Zhongzheng
name: Amin, Monica
name: Yang, Tingyu
name: Eckel, Sandrah P.
name: Farzan, Shohreh F.
name: Lurmann, Fred
name: Pavlovic, Nathan
name: Grubbs, Brendan H.
name: Walker, Daphne
name: Al-Marayati, Laila A.
name: Grant, Edward
name: Lerner, Deborah
name: Bastain, Theresa M.
name: Breton, Carrie V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Demographics of 863 participants within the MADRES Study. Supplemental Figure 1. Spearman Correlations of Pollutants Weeks 1-32 of Gestation. Supplemental Figure 2. Pearson Correlations of Fetal Growth Outcomes With Infant Birth Weight. Supplemental Figure 3. DLM Model Results for PM10 and Fetal Abdominal Circumference Stratified by Fetal Sex. Supplemental Figure 4. Results of DLM Models After Additionally Adjusting for Chronic/Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension. Supplemental Figure 5. Results of DLM Models After Removing Mothers Who Reported Any Smoking (N=7). Supplemental Figure 6. Results of DLM Models After Additionally Adjusting for Gestational Weight Gain and Physical Activity in Pregnancy
Radio Emission Region Exposed: Courtesy of the Double Pulsar
Creators: name: Lomiashvili, David
name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039A/B offers exceptional possibilities for detailed probes of the structure of the pulsar magnetosphere, pulsar winds and relativistic reconnection. We numerically model the distortions of the magnetosphere of pulsar B by the magnetized wind from pulsar A, including effects of magnetic reconnection and of the geodetic precession. Geodetic precession leads to secular evolution of the geometric parameters and effectively allows a 3D view of the magnetosphere. Using the two complimentary models of pulsar B's magnetosphere, adapted from the Earth's magnetosphere models by Tsyganenko (ideal pressure confinement) and Dungey (highly resistive limit), we determine the precise location and shape of the coherent radio emission generation region within pulsar B's magnetosphere. We successfully reproduce orbital variations and secular evolution of the profile of B, as well as subpulse drift (due to reconnection between the magnetospheric and wind magnetic fields), and determine the location and the shape of the emission region. The emission region is located at about 3750 stellar radii and has a horseshoe-like shape, which is centered on the polar magnetic field lines. The best fit angular parameters of the emission region indicate that radio emission is generated on the field lines which, according to the theoretical models, originate close to the poles and carry the maximum current. When considered together, the results of the two models converge and can explain why the modulation of B's radio emission at A's period is observed only within a certain orbital phase region. Our results imply that the wind of pulsar A has a striped structure only 1000 light cylinder radii away. We discuss the implications of these results for pulsar magnetospheric models, mechanisms of coherent radio emission generation, and reconnection rates in relativistic plasma.
description: 22 pages, 27 figures
Globalization and Innovation in Emerging Markets
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Gorodnichenko, Yuriy
name: Terrell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Globalization brings opportunities and pressures for domestic firms in emerging markets to innovate and improve their competitive position. Using data from 27 emerging market economies, we estimate the effects of foreign competition and linkages with foreign firms on innovation by domestic firms. We provide robust evidence of a positive relationship between foreign competition and innovation, broadly defined. The supply chain of multinational enterprises and trade are also important channels. There is no evidence for an inverted U relationship between innovation and foreign competition. Moreover, the relationship between globalization and innovation does not differ across the manufacturing and service sectors.
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1942-08-10)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1942
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Additional file 3 of Socioeconomic and marital status among liver cirrhosis patients and associations with mortality: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Creators: name: Vaz, Juan
name: Strömberg, Ulf
name: Berne Eriksson
name: Buchebner, David
name: Midlöv, Patrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Material 3. Baseline characteristics of the 582 patients, at the time of cirrhosis diagnosis in Halland, 2011–2018. Relationship between marital status, employment status and occupational skill level.