cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Length of Stay and Cost among Pediatric Hospitalizations with a Primary Ophthalmic Diagnosis
Creators: name: Vongsachang, Hursuong
name: Iftikhar, Mustafa
name: Canner, Joseph K.
name: Woreta, Fasika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: To investigate factors associated with prolonged length of stay and high cost among pediatric hospitalizations with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis. This retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized data on pediatric admissions with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis from the multicenter 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, hospital, and admission characteristics were used to evaluate factors associated with prolonged stay and high cost, defined as exceeding the 75th percentile (>4 days and $12,642, respectively). An estimated 6,811 pediatric hospitalizations with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis in the United States in 2016 were included. On adjusted analysis, a prolonged length of stay was more likely with Medicaid (vs. private insurance, OR = 1.19, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.40], p = .03), non-trauma (vs. trauma, OR = 2.77, 95% CI: [2.12, 3.63], p < .001) and urban teaching hospitals (vs. rural, OR = 3.48, 95% CI: [1.04, 11.69], p = .04). A high cost of stay was more likely with higher income levels (Quartile 3 vs. 1, OR = 1.30, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.67], p = .04; Quartile 4 vs. 1, OR = 1.49, 95% CI: [1.08, 2.05], p = .02), private insurance (vs. Medicaid, OR = 1.26, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.53], p = .02), Western hospitals (vs. South, OR = 2.74, 95% CI: [1.83, 4.12], p < .001), and trauma (vs. non-trauma, OR = 3.29, 95% CI: [2.57, 4.21], p < .001). Children and young adults had higher odds of prolonged stay, while adolescents and young adults had higher odds of high cost compared to toddlers (p < .05 for all). Additional work addressing the factors associated with higher resource utilization may help promote the delivery of quality inpatient pediatric eye care.
Symmetry selective third harmonic generation from plasmonic metacrystals
Creators: name: Chen, Shumei
name: Li, Guixin
name: Zeuner, Franziska
name: Wong, Wing Han
name: Pun, Edwin Yue Bun
name: Zentgraf, Thomas
name: Cheah, Kok Wai
name: Zhang, Shuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear processes are often governed by selection rules imposed by the symmetries of the molecular configurations. The most well-known examples include the role of mirror symmetry breaking for the generation of even harmonics, and the selection rule related to the rotation symmetry in harmonic generation for fundamental beams with circular polarizations. While the role of mirror symmetry breaking in second harmonic generation has been extensively studied in plasmonic systems, the investigation on selection rules pertaining to circular polarization states of harmonic generation has been limited to crystals, i.e. symmetries at the atomic level. Here we demonstrate the rotational symmetry dependent third harmonic generation from nonlinear plasmonic metacrystals. We show that the selection rule can be imposed by the rotational symmetry of meta-crystals embedded into an isotropic organic nonlinear thin film. The results presented here may open new avenues for designing symmetry-dependent nonlinear optical responses with tailored plasmonic nanostructures.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Kinetics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Wet Air Oxidation under High‐Temperature Conditions
Creators: name: Wurm, Julian
name: Pöschmann, René
name: Thielert, Holger
name: Von Morstein, Olaf
name: Repke, Jens-Uwe
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: ammonium thiosulfate
subject: gas desulfurization
subject: kinetic modeling
subject: parameter estimation
subject: wet air oxidation

description: To remove H2S and HCN from acid gases, wet‐oxidative desulfurization such as the Takahax process can be applied. There, a continuous wastewater stream with high concentrations of ammonium thiosulfate and thiocyanate is discharged. By wet air oxidation of these salts at 473–573 K, fertilizer‐grade ammonium sulfate can be obtained. Thiosulfate wet air oxidation kinetics was investigated under industrially relevant conditions via the oxygen consumption rate in a high‐pressure reactor. Kinetic parameters were estimated with a dynamic reactor model. The experimental data was reproduced with a good average deviation of 2.17 %, and the applied reaction pathway is simple due to the high temperatures. This is an important step towards taylor‐made reactors for wet air oxidation of Takahax wastewater.
High-energy particle transport in 3D hydrodynamic models of colliding-wind binaries
Creators: name: Reitberger, K.
name: Kissmann, R.
name: Reimer, A.
name: Dubus, G.
name: Reimer, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars in binary systems (as WR140, WR147 or $η$ Carinae) have long been regarded as potential sources of high-energy $γ$-rays. The emission is thought to arise in the region where the stellar winds collide and produce relativistic particles which subsequently might be able to emit $γ$-rays. Detailed numerical hydrodynamic simulations have already offered insight in the complex dynamics of the wind collision region (WCR), while independent analytical studies, albeit with simplified descriptions of the WCR, have shed light on the spectra of charged particles. In this paper, we describe a combination of these two approaches. We present a 3D-hydrodynamical model for colliding stellar winds and compute spectral energy distributions of relativistic particles for the resulting structure of the WCR. The hydrodynamic part of our model incorporates the line-driven acceleration of the winds, gravity, orbital motion and the radiative cooling of the shocked plasma. In our treatment of charged particles we consider diffusive shock acceleration in the WCR and the subsequent cooling via inverse Compton losses (including Klein-Nishina effects), bremsstrahlung, collisions and other energy loss mechanisms.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures / accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
ЭМОЦИИ В НАРРАТИВНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ
Creators: name: Ильинская Ксения
Publisher: name: Психология и психотерапия семьи
Year: 2023
Subjects: нарративная терапия
эмоции

description: Данная статья посвящена не слишком распространенной теме. А именно рассмотрению понятия эмоций применительно к нарративному консультированию. В отличие от психотерапевтических психодрама), в нарративной практике на эмоции не делается особенного акцента, и может показаться, что эта тема не присутствует в психологическом консультировании этого направления. Однако я постараюсь опровергнуть эту идею в данной статье, собрав в ней посвященные этой теме идеи философов и психотерапевтов, которые внесли свой вклад в развитие нарративной практики.
Linearization of Poisson Lie group structures
Creators: name: Alekseev, Anton
name: Meinrenken, Eckhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for any coboundary Poisson Lie group G, the Poisson structure on G^* is linearizable at the group unit. This strengthens a result of Enriquez-Etingof-Marshall, who had established formal linearizability of G^* for quasi-triangular Poisson Lie groups G. We also prove linearizability properties for the group multiplication in G^* and for Poisson Lie group morphisms, with similar assumptions.
Collective behavior of chaotic oscillators with environmental coupling
Creators: name: Quintero-Quiroz, C.
name: Cosenza, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the collective behavior of a system of chaotic Rossler oscillators indirectly coupled through a common environment that possesses its own dynamics and which in turn is modulated by the interaction with the oscillators. By varying the parameter representing the coupling strength between the oscillators and the environment, we find two collective states previously not reported in systems with environmental coupling: (i) nontrivial collective behavior, characterized by a periodic evolution of macroscopic variables coexisting with the local chaotic dynamics; and (ii) dynamical clustering, consisting of the formation of differentiated subsets of synchronized elements within the system. These states are relevant for many physical and biological systems where interactions with a dynamical environment are frequent.
description: 4 pages, 4 figs
Additional file 1 of The roles of pets in long-term care at home: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Reniers, Peter W.A.
name: Leontjevas, R.
name: Declercq, I. J.N.
name: Enders-Slegers, M-J.
name: Gerritsen, D. L.
name: Hediger, K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Τεχνοοικονομική αξιολόγηση σχημάτων αυτοπαραγωγής για υβριδικούς συνδυασμούς μικρών ανεμογεννητριών και συσσωρευτών
title: Techno-economic evaluation of prosumer schemes on the basis of wind-battery hybrid configurations
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μπουντούλης, Χρήστος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Αυτοπαραγωγός
Ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας
Αποθήκευση ενέργειας
Υβριδικά συστήματα

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία θα εξεταστούν αντιπροσωπευτικές περιπτώσεις αυτοπαραγωγών ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, στη βάση προσομοίωσης της λειτουργίας υβριδικών συνδυασμών μικρών ανεμογεννητριών και συσσωρευτών σε περιοχές αιολικού δυναμικού, στοχεύοντας στην παραγωγή βέλτιστων λύσεων οι οποίες θα εξισορροπούν το ισοζύγιο ιδιοκατανάλωσης και εμπορίας ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας με το τοπικό ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, θα αναπτυχθούν κατάλληλες στρατηγικές εμπορίας ενέργειας οι οποίες θα εφαρμοστούν σε πλήθος υβριδικών συνδυασμών, εξετάζοντας την δυνατότητα ελαχιστοποίησης του κόστους παραγωγής / κατανάλωσης ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας σε σύγκριση με το συμβατικό σενάριο της αποκλειστικής κάλυψης των αναγκών του τελικού καταναλωτή ενέργειας – μέσω προμήθειας ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας από το κεντρικό ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο – και με το εναλλακτικό σενάριο της πλήρους αυτονόμησης.
Central rotations of Milky Way Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Fabricius, Maximilian H.
name: Noyola, Eva
name: Rukdee, Surangkhana
name: Saglia, Roberto P.
name: Bender, Ralf
name: Hopp, Ulrich
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Opitsch, Michael
name: Williams, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) exhibit measurable flattening, even if on a very low level. Both cluster rotation and tidal fields are thought to cause this flattening. Nevertheless, rotation has only been confirmed in a handful of GCs, based mostly on individual radial velocities at large radii. We are conducting a survey of the central kinematics of Galactic GCs using the new Integral Field Unit instrument VIRUS-W. We detect rotation in all 11 GCs that we have observed so far, rendering it likely that a large majority of the Milky Way GCs rotate. We use published catalogs of the ACS survey of GCs to derive central ellipticities and position angles. We show that in all cases where the central ellipticity permits an accurate measurement of the position angle, those angles are in excellent agreement with the kinematic position angles that we derive from the VIRUS-W velocity fields. We find an unexpected tight correlation between central rotation and outer ellipticity, indicating that rotation drives flattening for the objects in our sample. We also find a tight correlation between central rotation and published values for the central velocity dispersion, most likely due to rotation impacting the old dispersion measurements.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Anchoring an Iridium Pincer Complex in a Hydrophobic Microporous Polymer for Application in Continuous‐Flow Alkane Dehydrogenation
Creators: name: König, Michaela
name: Traxler, Michael
name: Rudolph, Maik Alexander
name: Schmidt, Johannes
name: Küçükkeçeci, Hüseyin
name: Schomäcker, Reinhard
name: Thomas, Arne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: catalysis
subject: dehydrogenation
subject: microporous polymer network
subject: pincer

description: An iridium pincer complex {p‐KO‐C6H2‐2,6‐[OP(t‐Bu)2]2}Ir(C2H4) is immobilized in a propyl bromide‐functionalized microporous polymer network using the concepts of surface organometallic chemistry. The support material enables the formation of isolated active metal sites embedded in a chemically robust and highly hydrophobic environment. The catalyst maintained high porosity and – without prior activation – exhibited high activity in the continuous‐flow dehydrogenation of cyclohexane at elevated temperatures. The catalyst shows a stable performance for at least 7 days, even when additional H2O was co‐fed, owing to its hydrophobic nature.
Decomposing the impact of GMO regulation on bilateral trade: An application to corn trade
Creators: name: Hedoui, M. Amine
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Hedoui, M. Amine
name: Beghin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Genetically modified organism (GMO)
subject: corn
subject: asynchronous regulation
subject: trade

description: The stringency of GMO regulation affects trade of agricultural products among countries. On that account, our investigation attempts to shed the light on the complexity of the impact of genetically modified organisms (GMO) regulations among countries on bilateral trade with a focus on GMO approvals. We develop a framework extending Xiong and Beghin (2014) and their decomposition of export supply and imports demand effects. Our approach encompasses the supplemental effect of GMO regulation laxity in production on the exporter’s productivity. It decomposes three effects that impact bilateral trade flows between trade partners: productivity in the source country, sorting cost from bilateral dissimilarity in regulations, and stringency impact on import demand. We estimate the model using a panel dataset of corn trade and two econometric approaches (PPML, Heckman sample-selection). We find that GMO laxity in production of exporters has the most prominent and robust effect of enhancing bilateral trade of corn. The effect of GMO laxity in demand appears to be smaller than the export booster effect of GMO adoption. Finally, bilateral dissimilarity in regulations does not appear to matter, once we account for the impact of GMO in production of the exporters and laxity in demand differentiated for importer and exporters. Hence, GMO approval regulations have dominating multilateral effects rather than bilateral ones.
Corrosion protection of Mg‐SiC nanocomposite through plasma electrolytic oxidation coating process
Creators: name: Golhin, Ali P.
name: Kamrani, Sepideh
name: Fleck, Claudia
name: Ghasemi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 670 Industrielle Fertigung
subject: corrosion
subject: mechanical milling
subject: Mg‐SiC nanocomposite
subject: plasma electrolytic oxidation
subject: powder

description: Understanding the role of nanoparticles in magnesium (Mg)‐based materials and protective coating provides valuable information to achieve an optimized combination of mechanical and corrosion protection properties of Mg nanocomposites. The present study investigates the effects of SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion behavior and structure of Mg‐SiC composites substrates coated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Moreover, the influence of different volume fractions of SiCn up to 10% on corrosion behavior and galvanic reactions between Mg matrix and SiC particles was also investigated. The morphology, distribution of the phases, and the microstructure of the coating were characterized by SEM, EDAX, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the samples was determined through dynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests before and after PEO coating treatment. The results indicate that the Mg nanocomposite with 1 vol% SiCn (M1Sn) coated by PEO coating shows higher corrosion resistance than the samples with a higher percentage of SiCn, as well as the sample without SiCn particles.
Spatial separation and entanglement of identical particles
Creators: name: Cunden, F. D.
name: Di Martino, S.
name: Facchi, P.
name: Florio, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the effect of indistinguishability on the reduced density operator of the internal degrees of freedom (tracing out the spatial degrees of freedom) for a quantum system composed of identical particles located in different spatial regions. We explicitly show that if the spin measurements are performed in disjoint spatial regions then there are no constraints on the structure of the reduced state of the system. This implies that the statistics of identical particles has no role from the point of view of separability and entanglement when the measurements are spatially separated. We extend the treatment to the case of n particles and show the connection with some recent criteria for separability based on subalgebras of observables.
description: 10 pages
Learning Cross-language and Cross-style Mappings with Limited Supervision
Creators: name: Xu, Ruochen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing

description: Recent natural language processing (NLP) research has been increasingly focusing on deep learning methods and producing superior results on various NLP tasks. Deep NLP models are usually based on the dense vector representation of input and are able to automatically extract multi-scale features given human-annotated data. However, human annotations are expensive and often not evenly distributed across different languages, domains, genres, and styles. This thesis focuses on multiple aspects of cross-language and cross-style mapping in text, addressing the limitations of existing methods and improving the state-of-the-art results when sufficient amounts of labeled data are not available. By developing both task-oriented transfer learning models (e.g., for class-language classification) and generic methods for mapping among embedded words or sentences, the key contribution of this thesis is a set of novel approaches to leveraging unlabeled text data for effective and effcient mapping across languages or styles.Chapter 1 outlines the overall theme, challenges being addressed and unique contributions in this thesis.Chapter 2 presents two novel methods for the transfer of trained text classification models from rich-resource languages to low-resource languages. The first model focuses on the scenario where only a bilingual dictionary of limited size is available as the linkage between languages. It uses unsupervised word embeddings trained on monolingual data to construct a regularization graph in each language and a spectral graph propagation algorithm to extend bilingual dictionaries. The second model is a distillation approach over parallel data in the scenario where the teacher network and student network are classifiers in different languages, respectively. Both models achieved state-of-art performance at the time on several benchmark datasets [60, 62, 84, 129]Chapter 3 presents an unsupervised approach to the mapping of monolingual word embeddings across languages. It is the first gradient-based method for optimizing the Sinkhorn distance between two spaces of word embeddings and has been proven to be more accurate and robust than other methods [58, 126]. More importantly, this model achieves the state-of-art performance without using any bilingual dictionary or parallel data.Chapter 4 present new text generation models that transfer the styles or attributes of sentences. We introduce a semi-supervised model which is trained on both paired and unpaired sentences with style labels and achieved the state-of-art results in a formality transfer task. For the case where no paired sentences are available, we proposed a novel unsupervised method that combines the strength of neural Seq2Seq model and search engine, and outperforms other competing methods on various datasets.
Transparent Combination of Expert and Measurement Data for Defect Prediction: An Industrial Case Study
Creators: name: Kläs, Michael
name: Elberzhager, Frank
name: Münch, Jürgen
name: Hartjes, Klaus
name: von Graevemeyer, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Defining strategies on how to perform quality assurance (QA) and how to control such activities is a challenging task for organizations developing or maintaining software and software-intensive systems. Planning and adjusting QA activities could benefit from accurate estimations of the expected defect content of relevant artifacts and the effectiveness of important quality assurance activities. Combining expert opinion with commonly available measurement data in a hybrid way promises to overcome the weaknesses of purely data-driven or purely expert-based estimation methods. This article presents a case study of the hybrid estimation method HyDEEP for estimating defect content and QA effectiveness in the telecommunication domain. The specific focus of this case study is the use of the method for gaining quantitative predictions. This aspect has not been empirically analyzed in previous work. Among other things, the results show that for defect content estimation, the method performs significantly better statistically than purely data-based methods, with a relative error of 0.3 on average (MMRE).
description: 10 pages. The final publication is available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6062145
Waiting Times for Cataract Surgery in Scotland since 2002 and the Effect of Austerity: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Creators: name: Kirkwood, Graham
name: Buchan, John
name: Pollock, Allyson M
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In Scotland, in 2002, the National Waiting Times Unit was launched to reduce NHS waiting times. This was accompanied by a series of waiting time targets across the NHS in Scotland. The purpose of this study is to analyse changes in equality of access to treatment by socioeconomic deprivation associated with this initiative. Trends in annual cataract rates were calculated using secondary care admissions’ Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR01) data on NHS funded elective cataract procedures for patients treated in Scotland from 01 April 1997 to 31 March 2019. An interrupted time series model was used to analyse socioeconomic differences in waiting times by deprivation quintile over three time periods; pre and post waiting time initiative, and post austerity. Cataract Surgical Rates more than doubled from 3,723 per million population in 1997/1998 to 7,896 per million population in 2018/2019. Mean waiting time fell from 129.5 days in 1997/1998 to 87.7 days in 2018/2019. Inequality in mean waiting time between most and least deprived cataract patients increased by 1.34 days per quarter between 01 April 1997 and 30 June 2002 and following the waiting time initiative fell by 0.41 days per quarter through to 31 March 2010; and then decreased by 0.002 days per quarter between 01 April 2010 and 31 March 2019. The waiting time initiative had a major impact on reducing inequality in waiting times between socioeconomic groups. The onset of austerity in 2010 was associated with a very small and insignificant increase in inequality.
Additional file 1 of Design of low-threshold photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with confined gain regions by using selective area intermixing
Creators: name: Chang, Chia-Jui
name: Chen, Lih-Ren
name: Hong, Kuo-Bin
name: Lu, Tien-Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supporting Information.
Objective Criteria for Explainable Machine Learning
Creators: name: Yeh, Chih-kuan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80199 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As deep learning methods have obtained tremendous success over the years, our understanding of these models has yet to keep up with the development the models. Explainable machine learning is one of the main research fields dedicated to understanding complex machine learning models. While there are ever-increasing proposed instances of explanations, the evaluation of explanations has been an open question. Evaluations involving humans are expensive in the development phase of explanations. To address the difficulty to involve human-in-the-loop during the design of explanations, this thesis aims to define objective criteria which allow one to measure some goodness property explanations without humans and design explanations that are desirable with respect to the objective criteria. In this thesis, we discuss different criteria for making evaluating explainable AI methods more objective, where our methods can mainly be categorized in three prongs: (a) faithfulness-oriented (b) theoretically-motivated (c) application-driven. A faithfulness-oriented metric is usually connected to the core concept that an explanation of the model should faithfully “explain” the model. Theoretically motivated objective criteria usually have the form “when the model and data satisfy a certain property, the explanation should satisfy a corresponding property”. Applicationdriven objective criteria simulate quantitatively how explanations can help in certain applications without humans. We design objective criteria for different types of explanations and use these objective criteria to guide the design of new explanations. Finally, some human studies are done to verify the design of these new explanations.
Additional file 7 of Impact of social and demographic factors on the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the town of Nice
Creators: name: Mariné Barjoan, Eugènia
name: Chaarana, Amel
name: Festraëts, Julie
name: Géloen, Carole
name: Prouvost-Keller, Bernard
name: Legueult, Kevin
name: Pradier, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7.
Boosting the Enantioselectivity of Conjugate Borylation of α,β‐Disubstituted Cyclobutenones with Monooxides of Chiral C2‐Symmetric Bis(phosphine) Ligands
Creators: name: Cui, Ming
name: Zhao, Zhi‐Yuan
name: Oestreich, Martin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: asymmetric catalysis
subject: conjugate borylation
subject: copper catalysis
subject: cyclobutenones
subject: hemilabile ligands

description: Chiral bis(phosphine) monooxides (BPMOs) derived from C2‐symmetric bis(phosphines) have been found to induce superior levels of enantioselection in copper‐catalyzed conjugate borylation of α,β‐disubstituted cyclobutenones. More precisely, enantiomeric excesses as well as chemical yields are exceedingly high with (R,R)‐Bozphos as the chiral ligand while these values are low with parent (R,R)‐Me‐Duphos. A similar yet less pronounced effect was seen in the corresponding 1,6‐addition to para‐quinone methides.
Additional file 1 of Induction of pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia i-PHEA: a national survey of UK HEMS practice
Creators: name: Hodkinson, Mark
name: Poole, Kurtis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Strange pulsation modes in luminous red giants
Creators: name: Wood, P. R.
name: Olivier, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the spectrum of radial pulsation modes in luminous red giants consists of both normal modes and a second set of modes with periods similar to those of the normal modes. These additional modes are the red giant analogues of the strange modes found in classical Cepheids and RR Lyrae variables. Here, we describe the behaviour of strange and normal modes in luminous red giants and discuss the dependence of both the strange and normal modes on the outer boundary conditions. The strange modes always appear to be damped, much more so than the normal modes. They should never be observed as self-excited modes in real red giants but they may be detected in the spectrum of solar-like oscillations. A strange mode with a period close to that of a normal mode can influence both the period and growth rate of the normal mode.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Elemental Abundances of Solar Sibling Candidates
Creators: name: Ramirez, I.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Roederer, I. U.
name: Lambert, D. L.
name: Endl, M.
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: MacQueen, P. J.
name: Wittenmyer, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical information along with survey data on metallicity and in some cases age have been used recently by some authors to search for candidates of stars that were born in the cluster where the Sun formed. We have acquired high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra for 30 of these objects to determine, using detailed elemental abundance analysis, if they could be true solar siblings. Only two of the candidates are found to have solar chemical composition. Updated modeling of the stars' past orbits in a realistic Galactic potential reveals that one of them, HD162826, satisfies both chemical and dynamical conditions for being a sibling of the Sun. Measurements of rare-element abundances for this star further confirm its solar composition, with the only possible exception of Sm. Analysis of long-term high-precision radial velocity data rules out the presence of hot Jupiters and confirms that this star is not in a binary system. We find that chemical tagging does not necessarily benefit from studying as many elements as possible, but instead from identifying and carefully measuring the abundances of those elements which show large star-to-star scatter at a given metallicity. Future searches employing data products from ongoing massive astrometric and spectroscopic surveys can be optimized by acknowledging this fact.
description: ApJ, in press. Tables 2 and 4 are available in full in the "Other formats: source" download
The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero‐Valent Lead Complex (“Plumbylone”)
Creators: name: Xu, Jian
name: Pan, Sudip
name: Yao, Shenglai
name: Frenking, Gernot
name: Driess, Matthias
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: chelate ligands
subject: lead
subject: plumbylone
subject: silylene
subject: tetrylone

description: The elusive plumbylone {[SiII(Xant)SiII]Pb0} 3 stabilized by the bis(silylene)xanthene chelating ligand 1, [SiII(Xant)SiII=PhC(NtBu)2Si(Xant)Si(NtBu)2CPh], and its isolable carbonyl iron complex {[SiII(Xant)SiII]Pb0Fe(CO)4} 4 are reported. The compounds 3 and 4 were obtained stepwise via reduction of the lead(II) dibromide complex {[SiII(Xant)SiII]PbBr2} 2, prepared from the bis(silylene)xanthene 1 and PbBr2, employing potassium naphthalenide and K2Fe(CO)4, respectively. While the genuine plumbylone 3 is rather labile even at −60 °C, its Pb0→Fe(CO)4 complex 4 turned out to be relatively stable and bottleable. However, solutions of 4 decompose readily to elemental Pb and {[SiII(Xant)SiII]Fe(CO)3} 5 at 80 °C. Reaction of 4 with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 leads to the formation of the unusual dimeric [(OC)2RhPb(Cl)Fe(CO)4] complex 6 with trimetallic Rh−Pb−Fe bonds. The molecular and electronic structures of 3 and 4 were established by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
Boundedness of some sublinear operators on Herz-Morrey spaces with variable exponent
Creators: name: Wu, Jianglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B35

description: In this paper, the boundedness of some sublinear operators is proved on homogeneous Herz-Morrey spaces with variable exponent.
description: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.4410
title: Medieval phenomena in a modern age : a study of six contemporary cases of stigmata and reactions to them
Creators: name: Harrison, Edward
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 1998

description: The thesis, which is based on a first-hand examination of six contemporary cases of religious stigmatisation, offers a new approach to the study of stigmata in the Christian tradition. Stigmata are the wounds of Christ's passion, which, in this context, are those displayed in physical form on the human body to which a spiritual, devotional or pietistic significance is attached and about which claims of preternatural origins are made. The thesis suggests that most previous studies of the subject have been intrinsically restricted in their approach by maintaining a false dichotomy: that religious stigmatisation must either be fraudulent or genuine, that is created (diabolically or by human means) in order to deceive, or, created by supernatural means for a divine purpose. This study finds that while claims were made of the modem stigmata that they were of divine and supernatural origin, no witness evidence was found to corroborate the suggestion that the marks had been produced in any other than a natural way. Yet neither was a common human or natural explanation identified. The marks were produced in various ways which differed from case to case. Their significance however depended not on their cause, but on their validation through the interaction of the stigmatics with the communities which sustained them. It was from this process of interaction that reports of the supernatural and the miraculous emerged. As the stigmatics came to be seen by witnesses and worshipping congregations as living allegories of Christ's passion, significant events, which incorporated elements of spiritual renewal, occurred. Stigmata of human origin appeared to be capable of deepening the faith of both the stigmatics and those who witnessed their marks; they led both groups into a greater awareness of the divine; and provided the opportunity for members of both groups to explore their own spirituality.
Resonant state expansion applied to three-dimensional open optical systems
Creators: name: Doost, M. B.
name: Langbein, W.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant state expansion (RSE), a rigorous perturbative method in electrodynamics, is developed for three-dimensional open optical systems. Results are presented using the analytically solvable homogeneous dielectric sphere as unperturbed system. Since any perturbation which breaks the spherical symmetry mixes transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, the RSE is extended here to include TM modes and a zero-frequency pole of the Green's function. We demonstrate the validity of the RSE for TM modes by verifying its convergence towards the exact result for a homogeneous perturbation of the sphere. We then apply the RSE to calculate the modes for a selection of perturbations sequentially reducing the remaining symmetry, given by a change of the dielectric constant of half-sphere and quarter-sphere shape. Since no exact solutions are known for these perturbations, we verify the RSE results by comparing them with the results of state of the art finite element method (FEM) and finite difference in time domain (FDTD) solvers. We find that for the selected perturbations, the RSE provides a significantly higher accuracy than the FEM and FDTD for a given computational effort, demonstrating its potential to supersede presently used methods. We furthermore show that in contrast to presently used methods, the RSE is able to determine the perturbation of a selected group of modes by using a limited basis local to these modes, which can further reduce the computational effort by orders of magnitude.
description: 13 pages and 7 figures
Bundle-based pruning in the max-plus curse of dimensionality free method
Creators: name: Gaubert, Stephane
name: Qu, Zheng
name: Sridharan, Srinivas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently a new class of techniques termed the max-plus curse of dimensionality-free methods have been developed to solve nonlinear optimal control problems. In these methods the discretization in state space is avoided by using a max-plus basis expansion of the value function. This requires storing only the coefficients of the basis functions used for representation. However, the number of basis functions grows exponentially with respect to the number of time steps of propagation to the time horizon of the control problem. This so called "curse of complexity" can be managed by applying a pruning procedure which selects the subset of basis functions that contribute most to the approximation of the value function. The pruning procedures described thus far in the literature rely on the solution of a sequence of high dimensional optimization problems which can become computationally expensive. In this paper we show that if the max-plus basis functions are linear and the region of interest in state space is convex, the pruning problem can be efficiently solved by the bundle method. This approach combining the bundle method and semidefinite formulations is applied to the quantum gate synthesis problem, in which the state space is the special unitary group (which is non-convex). This is based on the observation that the convexification of the unitary group leads to an exact relaxation. The results are studied and validated via examples.
Stochastic Modeling Approach to Identify Uncertainties of Karst Conduit Networks in Carbonate Aquifers
Creators: name: Banusch, Sandra
name: Somogyvári, M.
name: Sauter, Martin
name: Renard, P.
name: Engelhardt, Irina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: karst conduit modeling
subject: stochastic modeling
subject: structural uncertainty
subject: karst probability mapping
subject: groundwater modeling

description: The characterization of the karst conduit network is an essential task to understand the complex flow system within karst aquifers. However, this task is challenging and often associated with uncertainty. Equivalent porous media approaches for modeling flow in karst aquifers fall short of capturing the hydraulic effect of individual karst features, while process‐oriented karst evolution models imply major computational efforts. In this study, we apply the Stochastic Karst Simulator (SKS) developed by Borghi et al. (2012) to generate karst conduit networks at a regional scale of a highly karstified carbonate aquifer located in the Eastern Mediterranean region and extensively used for water supply. The SKS generates conduit network geometries reasonably quick, using a mathematical proxy that mimics conduit evolution. The conduit simulation is based on a conceptual model of the genesis of the aquifer, consisting of different karstification phases. The stochastic approach of the algorithm enables us to generate an ensemble of conduit network realizations and to represent the uncertainties of these simulations in a Karst Probability Map. With only soft input information to constrain conduit evolution, multiple equivalent realizations yield similar resulting network geometries, indicating a robust approach. The presented methodology is numerically efficient, and its input can be easily adjusted. Subsequently, the resulting stochastic spatial distribution of conductivities can be employed for the parametrization of regional karst groundwater models.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training at the High School Level in Brazil: The Common Core Implementation in Two States
Creators: name: Barão Leal, Renata
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Policy borrowing
Policy legitimization
Technical and vocational education and training (TVET)
High school
Policy implementation
Stanford Graduate School of Education International Comparative Education

description: This qualitative study seeks to understand how two Brazilian states are implementing the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) policy at the high school level after the passage of National Common Core Base (BNCC). Using semi-structured interviews with policymakers and partner implementors and document analysis to support interviews, this study sheds light on the experience of case studies from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis shows many common challenges among the states related to course offerings and curriculum, teacher hiring, training and integration, and general challenges of BNCC. Regarding differences, São Paulo has a faster and broader implementation, which has led the state to experiment with more models, while Rio Grande do Sul is implementing many small pilots. Recommendations include flexibility on TVET curriculum hours, more financial and technical support from the federal government, and a long-term plan for the training and recruitment of TVET teachers. If TVET programs are run by a partner institution, it is also recommended that a strong and enduring relationship with regular schools is established for integration. This study provides a timely contribution to the current implementation of BNCC and TVET as one of its possible tracks.
Use of Bayesian decision analysis to maximize value in patient-centered randomized clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Shomesh E.
name: Chaouch, Zied Ben
name: Hauber, Brett
name: Mange, Brennan
name: Zhou, Mo
name: Christopher, Stephanie
name: Bardot, Dawn
name: Sheehan, Margaret
name: Donnelly, Anne
name: McLaughlin, Lauren
name: Caldwell, Brittany
name: Benz, Heather L.
name: Ho, Martin
name: Saha, Anindita
name: Gwinn, Katrina
name: Sheldon, Murray
name: Lo, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A fixed one-sided significance level of 5% is commonly used to interpret the statistical significance of randomized clinical trial (RCT) outcomes. While it is necessary to reduce the false positive rate, the threshold used could be chosen quantitatively and transparently to specifically reflect patient preferences regarding benefit–risk tradeoffs as well as other considerations. How can patient preferences be explicitly incorporated into RCTs in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and what is the impact on statistical thresholds for device approval? In this analysis, we apply Bayesian decision analysis (BDA) to PD patient preference scores elicited from survey data. BDA allows us to choose a sample size (n) and significance level (α) that maximizes the overall expected value to patients of a balanced two-arm fixed-sample RCT, where the expected value is computed under both null and alternative hypotheses. For PD patients who had previously received deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment, the BDA-optimal significance levels fell between 4.0% and 10.0%, similar to or greater than the traditional value of 5%. Conversely, for patients who had never received DBS, the optimal significance level ranged from 0.2% to 4.4%. In both of these populations, the optimal significance level increased with the severity of the patients’ cognitive and motor function symptoms. By explicitly incorporating patient preferences into clinical trial designs and the regulatory decision-making process, BDA provides a quantitative and transparent approach to combine clinical and statistical significance. For PD patients who have never received DBS treatment, a 5% significance threshold may not be conservative enough to reflect their risk-aversion level. However, this study shows that patients who previously received DBS treatment present a higher tolerance to accept therapeutic risks in exchange for improved efficacy which is reflected in a higher statistical threshold.
title: M. De Caro, E. Spinelli (a cura di), “Scetticismo. Una vicenda filosofica”, Carocci, Roma 2007
Creators: name: Musilli , Giovanna
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2008

description: B@belonline vol. 4 Europa e Messia. Paure e speranze del XX secolo in eredità
Effect of Surface‐Adsorbed and Intercalated (Oxy)anions on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Creators: name: Hausmann, Jan Niklas
name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: electrode materials
subject: oxygen evolution reaction
subject: oxoanions
subject: water splitting
subject: oxyanions

description: As the kinetically demanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the decarbonization of our society, a wide range of (pre)catalysts with various non‐active‐site elements (e.g., Mo, S, Se, N, P, C, Si…) have been investigated. Thermodynamics dictate that these elements oxidize during industrial operation. The formed oxyanions are water soluble and thus predominantly leach in a reconstruction process. Nevertheless, recently, it was unveiled that these thermodynamically stable (oxy)anions can adsorb on the surface or intercalate in the interlayer space of the active catalyst. There, they tune the electronic properties of the active sites and can interact with the reaction intermediates, changing the OER kinetics and potentially breaking the persisting OER *OH/*OOH scaling relations. Thus, the addition of (oxy)anions to the electrolyte opens a new design dimension for OER catalysis and the herein discussed observations deepen the understanding of the role of anions in the OER.