cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Broadacre Farm Productivity Trajectories and Farm Characteristics
Creators: name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Kingwell, Ross
name: Xayavong, Vilaphonh
name: Anderton, Lucy
name: Feldman, David
name: Speijers, Jane
name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Kingwell, Ross
name: Xayavong, Vilaphonh
name: Anderton, Lucy
name: Feldman, David
name: Speijers, Jane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Productivity
subject: Profitability
subject: Farm characteristics
subject: Volatility

description: Improving farm productivity is touted as essential for the future prospects of Australian agriculture, particularly for the export-oriented broadacre farm sector. Accordingly, this paper examines productivity gain in a large sample of Australian farms over the period 2002 to 2011. The annual components of productivity of the same group of 223 farms are measured each year for a decade by using a multiplicatively complete Färe-Primont index number and applying DEA methods. Results show the variability and trends in these farms’ annual productivity. Farms are classed according to the geometric mean of their total factor productivity and the variance of this productivity. This relationship displays convexity, and high growth in productivity is associated with greater volatility in productivity. Only a small proportion of farms over the decade achieved high, stable growth in productivity. Most farms either experienced high growth and high variability in productivity or low growth and low variability in productivity. The characteristics of farm businesses in both categories are examined to ascertain links between farm characteristics and their trend in farm productivity. Key findings are that, overall, most farms experienced growth in their total factor productivity with the principal cause of this growth being greater technical efficiency rather than technical change. Farms that experienced the highest growth in their total factor productivity typically increased their farm size, became more crop dominant, often operated farms in lower-rainfall regions, generated more profit and were less exposed to debt and generated more crop yield and more livestock income per millimetre (mm) of growing season rainfall.
The Value of Beach Conditions Information
Creators: name: Petrolia, Daniel R.
name: Penn, Jerrod
name: Quainoo, Ruth
name: Caffey, Rex H.
name: Fannin, J. Matthew
name: Petrolia, Daniel R.
name: Penn, Jerrod
name: Quainoo, Ruth
name: Caffey, Rex H.
name: Fannin, J. Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: budget and substitutes reminder
subject: cheap talk
subject: contingent valuation
subject: GfK
subject: hypothetical bias
subject: KnowledgePanel
subject: ocean observing information

description: We estimate the value of beach conditions information in the hands of the public prior to taking beach trips. We designed and administered a contingent-valuation survey to the beach-going population of the five U.S. Gulf Coast states that features a region-wide beach conditions monitoring system currently proposed by the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System (GCOOS). We also test two hypothetical-bias mitigation strategies: a "budget and substitutes Q&A" treatment, and a "cheap talk Q&A" treatment. To preview our results, we find that although respondents perceive that such a service would be beneficial, many perceive that the information provided is already available elsewhere, and so the proportion of respondents willing to pay for access to the service is quite low. Nevertheless, we estimate that the aggregate value of the benefits associated with the service would still exceed the estimated cost of provision.
A unified formula for Steenrod operations in flag manifolds
Creators: name: Duan, Haibao
name: Zhao, Xuezhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55S10 (14M10, 14N15)

description: The classical Schubert cells on a flag manifold G/H give a cell decomposition for G/H whose Kronecker duals (known as Schubert classes) form an additive base for the integral cohomology H^{\ast}(G/H). We present a formula that expresses Steenrod mod-p operations on Schubert classes in G/H in terms of Cartan numbers of G.
description: 19 pages
Effects of the Digital Transition in Passenger Transport - an Analysis of Energy Consumption Scenarios in Europe
Creators: name: Noussan, Michel
name: Noussan, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Digitalization
subject: Transport
subject: Energy Consumption
subject: Energy Modelling

description: The transport sector has rarely seen disruptive evolutions after the diffusion of the internal combustion engine, and today the European mobility is still heavily relying on oil derivates and on private cars. However, there is a significant push in cities towards more sustainable mobility paradigms, and digital technologies are playing a major role in unleashing possible alternatives to a car- and fossil-based mobility. Three major digital trends can be highlighted, with different levels of maturity and some potential synergies among them: Mobility as a Service, Shared Mobility and Autonomous Vehicles. The effects of these trends are also related to the strong push towards electric mobility, which currently appears as the most supported solution by companies and regulators to decarbonize the transport sector. This working paper discusses an investigation of the potential effects of digital transition, by means of a data-driven model for the calculation of the impacts of mobility demand in Europe in terms of primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The results show that digitalization may have a positive effect on energy consumption and CO2 emissions for passenger transport, given the strong efficiency improvements expected by technological development in the vehicles powertrains. The benefits are maximized if digital technologies are used towards a collective optimization, by increasing the share of available mobility options. Conversely, if digital technologies are limited to increase the quality of private mobility, the environmental benefits will likely remain very limited. Thus, there is a need of tailored policies supporting the right mobility models to fully exploit the potential benefits of digitalization.
Guiding Deep Learning with Expert Knowledge for Dense Stereo Matching
Creators: name: Iqbal, Waseem
name: Paffenholz, Jens-André
name: Mehltretter, Max
Publisher: name: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 3D reconstruction
subject: Depth estimation
subject: Hybrid technique
subject: Image matching
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Dense depth information can be reconstructed from stereo images using conventional hand-crafted as well as deep learning-based approaches. While deep-learning methods often show superior results compared to hand-crafted ones, they commonly learn geometric principles underlying the matching task from scratch and neglect that these principles have already been intensively studied and were considered explicitly in various models with great success in the past. In consequence, a broad range of principles and associated features need to be learned, limiting the possibility to focus on important details to also succeed in challenging image regions, such as close to depth discontinuities, thin objects and in weakly textured areas. To overcome this limitation, in this work, a hybrid technique, i.e., a combination of conventional hand-crafted and deep learning-based methods, is presented, addressing the task of dense stereo matching. More precisely, the input RGB stereo images are supplemented by a fourth image channel containing feature information obtained with a method based on expert knowledge. In addition, the assumption that edges in an image and discontinuities in the corresponding depth map coincide is modeled explicitly, allowing to predict the probability of being located next to a depth discontinuity per pixel. This information is used to guide the matching process and helps to sharpen correct depth discontinuities and to avoid the false prediction of such discontinuities, especially in weakly textured areas. The performance of the proposed method is investigated on three different data sets, including studies on the influence of the two methodological components as well as on the generalization capability. The results demonstrate that the presented hybrid approach can help to mitigate common limitations of deep learning-based methods and improves the quality of the estimated depth maps.
Enhancing bezlotoxumab binding to C. difficile toxin B2: insights from computational simulations and mutational analyses for antibody design
Creators: name: Karnchanapandh, Kun
name: Sanachai, Kamonpan
name: Poo-arporn, Rungtiva P.
name: Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant concern caused by widespread antibiotic use, resulting in diarrhea and inflammation from the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium C. difficile. Although bezlotoxumab (Bez), a monoclonal antibody (mAb), was developed to address CDI recurrences, the recurrence rate remains high, partly due to reduced neutralization efficiency against toxin B2. In this study, we aimed to enhance the binding of Bez to C. difficile toxin B2 by combining computational simulations and mutational analyses. We identified specific mutations in Bez, including S28R, S31W/K, Y32R, S56W and G103D/S in the heavy chain (Hc), and S32F/H/R/W/Y in the light chain (Lc), which significantly improved binding to toxin B2 and formed critical protein-protein interactions. Through molecular dynamics simulations, several single mutations, such as HcS28R, LcS32H, LcS32R, LcS32W and LcS32Y, exhibited superior binding affinities to toxin B2 compared to Bez wild-type (WT), primarily attributed to Coulombic interactions. Combining the HcS28R mutation with four different mutations at residue LcS32 led to even greater binding affinities in double mutants (MTs), particularly HcS28R/LcS32H, HcS28R/LcS32R and HcS28R/LcS32Y, reinforcing protein–protein binding. Analysis of per-residue decomposition free energy highlighted key residues contributing significantly to enhanced binding interactions, emphasizing the role of electrostatic interactions. These findings offer insights into rational Bez MT design for improved toxin B2 binding, providing a foundation for developing more effective antibodies to neutralize toxin B2 and combat-related infections.
The latex of Euphorbia tirucalli inhibits staphyloxanthin production and protects Tenebrio molitor larvae against Staphylococcus aureus infection
Creators: name: Colasso, Arthur Henrique Mendes
name: Thayná Fernandes Barros
name: Da Silva Figueiredo, Isabella Fernandes
name: Alexsander Rodrigues Carvalho Junior
name: Fernandes, Elizabeth Soares
name: Uchoa, Michelle Russo Bendelak
name: Da Silva, Luís Cláudio Nascimento
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The latex of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (LET) has great etnopharmacological relevance for several traditional communities. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo (using Tenebrio molitor larvae) antimicrobial effects of LET were evaluated. LET did not inhibit the growth of S. aureus, however, a reduction on staphyloxanthin production (an important virulence factor of S. aureus) was observed. LET (at 10 μL/kg) was also able to enhance the survival of larvae infected with a lethal dose of S. aureus, an effect associated with reduction in the numbers of haemocytes. Furthermore, haemocytes from LET-treated larvae exhibited dysfunctional lysosome activity. These results indicate the effectiveness of LET as an anti-infective agent which could be useful as source of lead molecules for the development of new therapies against S. aureus-induced infections.
Additional file 1 of ROSE-X: an annotated data set for evaluation of 3D plant organ segmentation methods
Creators: name: Dutagaci, Helin
name: Rasti, Pejman
name: Galopin, Gilles
name: Rousseau, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Description of the provided annotated dataset.
First report of antioxidative 2H-chromenyl derivatives from the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria salicornia as potential anti-inflammatory agents
Creators: name: Tima Antony
name: Chakraborty, Kajal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Phytochemical investigation on biologically active compounds of an intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria salicornia (family Gracilariaceae) guided to the separation of two previously undisclosed 2H-chromenyl derivatives. The compounds were characterised as 4′-[10′-[7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-6-(pentyloxy)-2H-chromen-2-yl]ethyl]-3′,4′-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (1) and 3′-[10′-(8-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,6,7-trimethyl-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethyl]-3′-methyl-2′-methylene cyclohexyl butyrate (2) by extensive spectroscopic experiments. The studied metabolites recorded prospective bioactivities against 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 p H-chromenyl compounds against inducible cyclooxygenase-2 than its constitutive pro-inflammatory isoform of cyclooxygenase-1. The radical scavenging potential of 2 against oxidants, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid were higher (IC50 α-tocopherol (IC50 1.42-1.79 mM). The greater hydrogen bond interactions and binding affinity of 2 (−7.35 kcal mol−1) bearing 2H-chromenyl ethyl-3′-methyl-4′-methylenecyclohexyl butyrate moiety with 5-lipoxygenase, along with higher electronic properties and permissible hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, manifested towards its greater anti-inflammatory activity than 1.
Digitalization for Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa : Challenges, Opportunities and Potential Business Models
Creators: name: Mazzoni, Davide
name: Mazzoni, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energy Access
subject: Digitalization
subject: PAYGO
subject: Business Models
subject: Africa
subject: Digital Transformation

description: Innovative business models supported by digital technologies, together with the widening connectivity and data collection, are already giving a big contribution in fostering the access to electricity and clean cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper gives an overview on the actual state of energy access in Sub-Saharan Africa and the current technologies used to provide it, followed by a description of the key trends and drivers of the ongoing African digital transformation. A deep analysis of the Pay-as-you-go business model in the off-grid solar sector will shed light on how this transformation started some years ago and the way it is affecting society in many ways. Strengths and opportunities — as well as weaknesses and risks of the model — are provided through a screening of the most representative business experiences in East and West Africa, financial aspects and market analysis. The perspective of both companies and end-users have been considered here. The last section gives recommendations to policy-makers on how to ride the wave of digitalization to foster the access to clean and reliable energy, by acting on the electrification planning, regulations, business environment, distribution channels and mobile money environment.
A Study of Data Pre-processing Techniques for Imbalanced Biomedical Data Classification
Creators: name: Liu, Shigang
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Xiang, Yang
name: Zhou, Wanlei
name: Xiang, Dongxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biomedical data are widely accepted in developing prediction models for identifying a specific tumor, drug discovery and classification of human cancers. However, previous studies usually focused on different classifiers, and overlook the class imbalance problem in real-world biomedical datasets. There are a lack of studies on evaluation of data pre-processing techniques, such as resampling and feature selection, on imbalanced biomedical data learning. The relationship between data pre-processing techniques and the data distributions has never been analysed in previous studies. This article mainly focuses on reviewing and evaluating some popular and recently developed resampling and feature selection methods for class imbalance learning. We analyse the effectiveness of each technique from data distribution perspective. Extensive experiments have been done based on five classifiers, four performance measures, eight learning techniques across twenty real-world datasets. Experimental results show that: (1) resampling and feature selection techniques exhibit better performance using support vector machine (SVM) classifier. However, resampling and Feature Selection techniques perform poorly when using C4.5 decision tree and Linear discriminant analysis classifiers; (2) for datasets with different distributions, techniques such as Random undersampling and Feature Selection perform better than other data pre-processing methods with T Location-Scale distribution when using SVM and KNN (K-nearest neighbours) classifiers. Random oversampling outperforms other methods on Negative Binomial distribution using Random Forest classifier with lower level of imbalance ratio; (3) Feature Selection outperforms other data pre-processing methods in most cases, thus, Feature Selection with SVM classifier is the best choice for imbalanced biomedical data learning.
description: This paper is scheduled for inclusion in V16 N3 2020, International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications (IJBRA)
Uncertainty and Risk-aversion in a Dynamic Oligopoly with Sticky Prices
Creators: name: Valentini, Edilio
name: Vitale, Paolo
name: Valentini, Edilio
name: Vitale, Paolo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Risk-aversion
subject: Dynamic Oligopoly

description: In this paper we present a dynamic discrete-time model that allows to investigate the impact of risk-aversion in an oligopoly characterized by a homogeneous non-storable good, sticky prices and uncertainty. Our model nests the classical dynamic oligopoly model with sticky prices by Fershtman and Kamien (Fershtman and Kamien, 1987), which can be viewed as the continuous-time limit of our model with no uncertainty and no risk-aversion. Focusing on the continuous-time limit of the infinite horizon formulation we show that the optimal production strategy and the consequent equilibrium price are, respectively, directly and inversely related to the degrees of uncertainty and risk-aversion. However, the effect of uncertainty and risk-aversion crucially depends on price stickiness since, when prices can adjust instantaneously, the steady state equilibrium in our model with uncertainty and risk aversion collapses to Fershtman and Kamien’s analogue.
Real-time TPC Analysis with the ALICE High-Level Trigger
Creators: name: Lindenstruth, V.
name: Loizides, C.
name: Roehrich, D.
name: Skaali, B.
name: Steinbeck, T.
name: Stock, R.
name: Tilsner, H.
name: Ullaland, K.
name: Vestbo, A.
name: Vik, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ALICE High-Level Trigger processes data online, to either select interesting (sub-) events, or to compress data efficiently by modeling techniques. Focusing on the main data source, the Time Projection Chamber, the architecure of the system and the current state of the tracking and compression methods are outlined.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, to be published in NIM A
First report of substituted 2H-pyranoids from brown seaweed Turbinaria conoides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Kajal
name: Shubhajit Dhara
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The organic extract of Turbinaria conoides, a brown seaweed harvested from the Gulf of Manner region of Indian peninsular was chromatographically fractionated to yield three substituted 2H-pyranoids, namely methyl-21-yl-[5′, 6′- dihydro-5′-yl-{54-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-oxy-(52-methylbutyl)}-3′-methyl-2H-pyran]-21-methyl butanoate (1), 11-[(3′, 6′-dihydro-4′-methyl-2′-oxo-2H-pyran-3′-yl)methyl]-10-methylhexyl benzoate (2), and [6-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-(tetrahydro-2′, 2′, 6′-trimethyl-2H-pyran-3′-yl)-2,5-cycloheptadiene]-1-propanoate (3). The compounds 1 and 2 bearing 2H-pyranyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl and 2H-pyranyl-10-methylhexylbenzoate moieties exhibited potential antioxidant activities (IC50 0.54-0.69 mg mL−1) as commercial antioxidant (α-tocopherol IC50 0.63-0.73 mg mL−1). Likewise, potential bioactivity of the 2H-pyran derivative, 1 against 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 ∼ 1 mg mL−1) along with higher index of selectivity (COX-1 inhibitoryIC50/COX-2 inhibitoryIC50 1.88) indicated their selective anti-inflammatory properties against inducible inflammatory mediators than that displayed by commercially available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen, 0.44). Structure activity relationship analysis of the studied compounds showed that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were directly proportional to their electronic properties. The previously undescribed 2H-pyranoids might constitute as potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory pharmacophores for medicinal applications.
Additional file 1 of The impact of CBP expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Creators: name: Ramadan, Wafaa S.
name: Talaat, Iman M.
name: Hachim, Mahmood Y.
name: Lischka, Annette
name: Gemoll, Timo
name: El-Awady, Raafat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Tables: Table S1. Molecular subtypes of breast cancer cell lines. Table S2. Histopathological features of tissue microarray samples. Table S3. Clinical-pathological parameters and CBP & GCN5 expression in DCIS and breast carcinoma cases. Supplementary Figures: Fig. S1. Baseline expression level of ER and HER2 in a panel of normal cancer breast cells. Fig. S2. Efficiency of transfection kinetics for a, b HER2 siRNA, c-e ER siRNA and f, g both ER and HER2 siRNAs. Fig. S3. Efficiency of transfection kinetics for a, b CBP siRNA in MCF7 and T47D cells. Fig. S4. Uncropped blots for a CBP and b GCN5 proteins in normal and cancer breast cells. Fig. S5. Uncropped blots for HER2 and CBP proteins in a SkBr3 and b BT-474 cells transfected with HER2 siRNA for 24-96 hours. Fig. S6. Uncropped blots for CBP protein in a SkBr3 and b BT-474 cells treated with Trastuzumab for 24-96 hours. Fig. S7. Uncropped blots for ER and CBP proteins in a MCF7 and b T47D cells transfected with ER siRNA for 24-96 hours. Fig. S8. Uncropped blots for ER and CBP proteins in a BT-474 cells transfected with ER siRNA for 24-96 hours. Uncropped blots for CBP protein in b MCF7, c T47D and d BT-474 cells treated with Tamoxifen for 24-96 hours. Fig. S9. Uncropped blots for ER, HER2 and CBP proteins in a BT-474 cells transfected with ER and HER2 siRNAs for 24-96 hours. Uncropped blots for CBP protein in b BT-474 cells treated with Tamoxifen and Trastuzumab combination for 24-96 hours. Fig. S10. Uncropped blots for ER and CBP proteins in a MCF7 and b T47D cells transfected with CBP siRNA for 24-96 hours. Fig. S11. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of disease-free survival for CBP expression in a Luminal A, b Luminal B HER2 negative, c Luminal B HER2 positive, d HER2-positive and e Triple negative breast cancer patients. Fig. S12. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of disease-free survival for GCN5 expression in a Luminal A, b Luminal B HER2 negative, c Luminal B HER2 positive, d HER2-positive and e Triple negative breast cancer patients.
High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova Has a Unique Host Environment
Creators: name: Pan, Yen-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ejecta velocity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is one powerful tool to differentiate between progenitor scenarios and explosion mechanisms. Here we revisit the relation between photospheric Si II 6355 velocities (Vsi) and host-galaxy properties with ~280 SNe Ia. A more stringent criterion on the phase of SN spectra is adopted to classify SNe Ia in terms of their photospheric velocities. We find significant trend that SNe Ia with faster Si II 6355 (high-Vsi SNe Ia) tend to explode in massive environments, whereas their slower counterparts can be found in both lower-mass and massive environments. This trend is further supported by the direct measurements on host gas-phase metallicities. We suggest this relation is likely caused by at least two populations of SNe Ia. Since stars of higher metallicity (at a given mass) generally form less massive white dwarfs (WDs), our results support some theoretical models that high-Vsi SNe Ia may originate from sub-Chandrasekhar class of explosions. Previous observations also showed some evidence that high-Vsi SNe Ia could be related to the single degenerate systems. However, we find high-Vsi SNe Ia do not come from particularly young populations. We conclude metallicity is likely the dominant factor in forming high-Vsi SNe Ia. This also implies their potential evolution with redshift and impact on the precision of SN Ia cosmology.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Robust Light Driven Enzymatic Oxyfunctionalization via Immobilization of Unspecific Peroxygenase
Creators: name: De Santis, Piera
name: Wegstein, Deborah
name: Burek, Bastien O.
name: Patzsch, Jacqueline
name: Alcalde, Miguel
name: Kroutil, Wolfgang
name: Bloh, Jonathan Z.
name: Kara, Selin
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: biocatalysis
subject: g-C N 3 4
subject: immobilized enzyme
subject: peroxygenases
subject: photocatalysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Unspecific peroxygenases have attracted interest in synthetic chemistry, especially for the oxidative activation of C−H bonds, as they only require hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) instead of a cofactor. Due to their instability in even small amounts of H2O2, different strategies like enzyme immobilization or in situ H2O2 production have been developed to improve the stability of these enzymes. While most strategies have been studied separately, a combination of photocatalysis with immobilized enzymes was only recently reported. To show the advantages and limiting factors of immobilized enzyme in a photobiocatalytic reaction, a comparison is made between free and immobilized enzymes. Adjustment of critical parameters such as (i) enzyme and substrate concentration, (ii) illumination wavelength and (iii) light intensity results in significantly increased enzyme stabilities of the immobilized variant. Moreover, under optimized conditions a turnover number of 334,500 was reached.
Does a Blue Revolution Help the Poor? Evidence from Bangladesh
Creators: name: Minot, N.
name: Rashid, S.
name: Lemma, S.
name: Minot, N.
name: Rashid, S.
name: Lemma, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The rapid growth in aquaculture production, globally and in Bangladesh is well documented. Over 2000-2010, per capita production of aquaculture grew 76%, while the consumer price of fish declined 45%. Previous studies have suggested pro-poor effects of aquaculture based on fish production and consumption patterns. This study attempts to quantify the contribution of aquaculture to income growth and poverty reduction in Bangladesh, using household survey data and a micro-simulation approach based on an expanded version of Deaton s (1989) concept of net benefit ratio. We estimate that aquaculture s contribution to income growth between 2000 and 2010 was 2.1 percent, including both price and quantity effects. This income growth was translated into poverty reduction of 1.7 percentage points. Although these estimates seem small, they represent almost 10 percent of the overall poverty reduction in Bangladesh during the first decade of the 21st century. Put differently, of the 18 million Bengalis who escaped poverty during 2000 2010, about 1.8 million of them managed to do so because of the rapid growth in aquaculture, which contributed to rural income while making fish more accessible to consumers. Acknowledgement :
Two Combinatorial Models with identical Statics yet different Dynamics
Creators: name: Lancaster, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the problem of sorting, we introduce two simple combinatorial models with distinct Hamiltonians yet identical spectra (and hence partition function) and show that the local dynamics of these models are very different. After a deep quench, one model slowly relaxes to the sorted state whereas the other model becomes blocked by the presence of stable local minima.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
Agricultural Commercialization, Fertilizer Use and Non-Farm Employment: What Options for Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria?
Creators: name: Salau, S.
name: Omotesho, O.
name: Muhammad-Lawal, A.
name: Salau, S.
name: Omotesho, O.
name: Muhammad-Lawal, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Abstract Agricultural commercialization is necessary for increased agricultural intensification and productivity in Nigeria. However, there is paucity of empirical information on the effects of agricultural commercialization on input use, labor demand and engagement in non-farm employment across the country. This study examined the effects of agricultural commercialization at the household level on fertilizer use, demand for hired labor and participation in non-farm employment in Northern Nigeria. Household Commercialization Index (HCI), Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Instrumental Variable (IV) estimations were used to analyze the primary data collected from 270 maize farming households in Kaduna and Kano States. The study revealed that commercialization had the potentials for increasing the demand for fertilizer usage and hired labor among maize farming households. However, it reduced the tendency for households to participate in non-farm employment. Smallholder commercialization of maize should therefore be promoted through adoption of complementary technologies that free labor from on-farm activities. Keywords: agricultural commercialization, input market, staple, Instrumental variable, Nigeria JEL: C26, D13, Q12 Acknowledgement :
Promotion of oxidative phosphorylation by complex I-anchored carbonic anhydrases?
Creators: name: Braun, Hans-Peter
name: Klusch, Niklas
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: carbonic anhydrase
subject: endosymbiotic theory
subject: mitochondria
subject: mitochondrial evolution
subject: NADH dehydrogenase complex (complex I)
subject: Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase complex of the respiratory chain, known as complex I, includes a carbonic anhydrase (CA) module attached to its membrane arm on the matrix side in protozoans, algae, and plants. Its physiological role is so far unclear. Recent electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures show that the CA module may directly provide protons for translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane at complex I. CAs can have a central role in adjusting the proton concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. We suggest that CA anchoring in complex I represents the original configuration to secure oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the context of early endosymbiosis. After development of ‘modern mitochondria’ with pronounced cristae structures, this anchoring became dispensable, but has been retained in protozoans, algae, and plants.
Antiproliferative activity of stilbene derivatives and other constituents from the stem bark of Morus nigra L
Creators: name: Bar, Fatma M. Abdel
name: Abbas, Ghada M.
name: Gohar, Ahmed A.
name: Mohamed-Farid I. Lahloub
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: The antiproliferative activities of 2′,3,4′,5,5′-pentahydroxy-cis-stilbene 1, resveratrol 2, oxyresveratrol 3, norartocarpetin 4, kuwanon C 5, morusin 6, cudraflavone A7, kuwanon G 8, albafuran C 9, mulberrofuran G 10, 3-acetyl-O-α-amyrin 11, 3-acetyl-O-β-amyrin 12, ursolic acid-3-O-acetate 13 and uvaol 14, previously identified from the barks of Morus nigra L., were investigated against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. In addition, a series of methylated stilbenes 15–19 were prepared using compounds 1–3 and their antiproliferative effects were similarly investigated. The structure of a new 2′,3,4′-trimethoxy-5-hydroxy-trans-stilbene 19 was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. It showed remarkable activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 12.5 μM. However, kuwanon C (5) showed the highest antiproliferative activity with IC50 3.92 and 9.54 μM against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively.
Do Smaller States Lead to More Development? Evidence from Splitting of Large States in India.
Creators: name: Ray, M.
name: Maredia, M.
name: Ray, M.
name: Maredia, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Struggles for greater autonomy or more homogenous jurisdictions within a federal system has been a consistent phenomenon of the current nation states. However, there remains very little rigorous evidence of more autonomy and homogenous jurisdiction on development outcomes. Creation of three new states in India in the year 2000 allows us to test these development hypotheses. As states are the proximate determinants of local institutions driving development outcomes, a change in their boundaries provides us an opportunity to evaluate the impact of these shifts on the provision of public goods and distribution of development outcomes. We use quasi-experimental methods like difference in difference with parent state as comparison and newly formed state as treatment, alternatively we consider both the split states as two treatments with nearby states as comparison. Further, we use geographic discontinuity across the newly formed borders to show that districts in the newly created states are doing better on development indicators after splitting from their parent state. Acknowledgement :
Design of electron correlation effects in interfaces and nanostructures
Creators: name: Aoki, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that one of the best grounds for the materials design from the viewpoint of {\it electron correlation} such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity is the atomically controlled nanostructures and heterointerfaces, as theoretically demonstrated here from three examples with first-principles calculations: (i) Band ferromagnetism in a purely organic polymer of five-membered rings, where the flat-band ferromagnetism due to the electron-electron repulsion is proposed. (ii) Metal-induced gap states (MIGS) of about one atomic monolayer thick at insulator/metal heterointerfaces, recently detected experimentally, for which an exciton-mechanism superconductivity is considered. (iii) Alkali-metal doped zeolite, a class of nanostructured host-guest systems, where ferromagnetism has been experimentally discovered, for which a picture of the "supercrystal" composed of "superatoms" is proposed and Mott-insulator properties are considered. These indicate that design of electron correlation is indeed a promising avenue for nanostructures and heterointerfaces.
description: to be published in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures, Nara, Nov. 2003, 14 pages, 10 figures
Isotope diffusion and re-equilibration of copper and evaporation of mercury during weathering of tetrahedrite in an oxidation zone
Creators: name: Majzlan, Juraj
name: Herrmann, Julia
name: Števko, Martin
name: Wiederhold, Jan G.
name: Lazarov, Marina
name: Milovský, Rastislav
Publisher: name: München : Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Copper
subject: Isotopes
subject: Mercury
subject: Oxidation zone
subject: Weathering
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: To understand the mobility of heavy metals during oxidative weathering of sulfides, we investigated weathering processes of tetrahedrite [(Cu,Fe,Zn,Hg)12(Sb,As)4S13] in an oxidation zone with abundant siderite (FeCO3) and baryte (BaSO4) at Rudňany (Slovakia). The focus of this work lied in the isotopic (δ65Cu, δ202Hg, δ34S) variations of the minerals during weathering and the interpretation of such changes. In the studied oxidation zone, Hg-rich tetrahedrite converts in situ to pockets of powdery cinnabar (HgS) and an X-ray amorphous mixture rich in Sb, Fe, and Cu that slowly re-crystallizes to Cu-rich tripuhyite (FeSbO4). Copper is mobile and precipitates as malachite [Cu2(OH)2(CO3)], azurite [Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2], or less abundant clinoclase [Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3]. The isotopic composition (δ65Cu) of tetrahedrite correlates well with the degree of weathering and varies between 0.0 ‰ and −4.0 ‰. This correlation is caused by isotopic changes during dissolution and subsequent rapid equilibration of δ65Cu values in the tetrahedrite relics. Simple diffusion models showed that equilibration of Cu isotopic values in the tetrahedrite relics proceeds rapidly, on the order of hundreds or thousands of years. Abundant secondary iron oxides draw light Cu isotopes from the aqueous solutions and shift the isotopic composition of malachite and azurite to higher δ65Cu values as the distance to the primary tetrahedrite increases. Clinoclase and tripuhyite have lower δ65Cu values and are spatially restricted near to the weathering tetrahedrite. The Hg and S isotopic composition of tetrahedrite is δ202Hg = −1.27 ‰, δ34S = −1.89 ‰, that of the powdery secondary cinnabar is δ202Hg = +0.07 ‰, δ34S = −5.50 ‰. The Hg isotopic difference can be explained by partial reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by siderite and the following evaporation of Hg(0). The S isotopic changes indicate no involvement of biotic reactions in the oxidation zone, probably because of its hostility owing to high concentrations of toxic elements. This work shows that the Cu isotopic composition of the primary sulfides minerals changes during weathering through self-diffusion of Cu in those minerals. This finding is important for the use of Cu isotopes as tracers of geochemical cycling of metals in the environment. Another important finding is the Hg in the oxidation zones evaporates and contributes to the global cycling of this element through atmospheric emission.
Natural Rubber value chains: A game changer for smallholders
Creators: name: Nosa Betty, A.
name: A.A.
name: A.E.
name: Nosa Betty, A.
name: A.A.
name: A.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: ABSTRACT The study analyzed the value chain of natural rubber in Nigeria. The study specifically mapped the natural rubber value chain and identify the functions performed by the respondents in the chain; identified the existing marketing channels and estimated the marketing margin at each value addition point. Data for the study were collected using a well-structured questionnaire administered to 425 respondents selected using a two stage sampling process involving random and purposive sampling techniques. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, flow chat, marketing margins, marketing efficiency The findings showed a mean age of 53 years for farmers and 44 years for marketers, with males (97.86%) dominating. Most were married and majority had at least primary education. The main value chain agencies were input suppliers/nursery farmers, rubber farmers, marketers/collectors, processor and manufacturers, while the key product points along the chain were seeds, seedlings, budded stump, lump, latex concentrates, sheet, and crumbs. Marketing margin analysis showed crumb having the highest margin (N234.01) with processing cost having the major component. Value added by processing were N14.36k, N115.16, N136.14 and N124.38 per budded stump, latex concentrate, crumb and sheet respectively. The nursery was the most efficient and it was more profitable to process into crumb rubber. It was therefore recommendations that farmers may integrate backward to produce their own budded stumps and process their latex before selling for profit Acknowledgement : ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. (Mrs). G.O. Alufohai and Dr. C.I Ada-Okungbowa for their contributions to the study
Share and Share Alike: The Impact of Rainfall on Gendered Income Allocation in Malawi
Creators: name: Josephson, A.
name: Josephson, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Studies of intra-household resource allocation have typically omitted income earned jointly, by two or more individuals. To explore this important dynamic, I empirically test the assumption that all household income is pooled, when joint income, as well as income earned individually by men and women, is accounted for in the analysis. I develop a collective intra-household model which explicitly includes joint and individual relationships to explain income allocation. Exogenous variation in rainfall is used to examine if households pool resources and insure one another against income shocks, resulting from these rainfall shifts. I reject the hypothesis of complete income pooling and full insurance within the household. However, I find evidence that households members pool income and insure one another for expenditures on essential goods. Conversely, they do not pool income and do not insure one another for luxury goods. I conclude that there is strategic income pooling behavior with respect to particular types of expenditure. These results are contrary to previous studies, which fail to find even partial insurance for essential goods within households. The conclusions of this study provide a novel perspective on intra-household dynamics which highlight the need to consider joint relationships in household analyses. Acknowledgement :
Echo Planar Time-Resolved Imaging (EPTI) with Subspace Reconstruction and Optimized Spatiotemporal Encoding
Creators: name: Dong, Zijing
name: Wang, Fuyixue
name: Reese, Timothy G.
name: Bilgic, Berkin
name: Setsompop, Kawin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Purpose: To develop new encoding and reconstruction techniques for fast multi-contrast quantitative imaging. Methods: The recently proposed Echo Planar Time-resolved Imaging (EPTI) technique can achieve fast distortion- and blurring-free multi-contrast quantitative imaging. In this work, a subspace reconstruction framework is developed to improve the reconstruction accuracy of EPTI at high encoding accelerations. The number of unknowns in the reconstruction is significantly reduced by modeling the temporal signal evolutions using low-rank subspace. As part of the proposed reconstruction approach, a B0-update algorithm and a shot-to-shot B0 variation correction method are developed to enable the reconstruction of high-resolution tissue phase images and to mitigate artifacts from shot-to-shot phase variations. Moreover, the EPTI concept is extended to 3D k-space for 3D GE-EPTI, where a new temporal-variant of CAIPI encoding is proposed to further improve performance. Results: The effectiveness of the proposed subspace reconstruction was demonstrated first in 2D GESE EPTI, where the reconstruction achieved higher accuracy when compared to conventional B0-informed GRAPPA. For 3D GE-EPTI, a retrospective undersampling experiment demonstrates that the new temporal-variant CAIPI encoding can achieve up to 72x acceleration with close to 2x reduction in reconstruction error when compared to conventional spatiotemporal-CAIPI encoding. In a prospective undersampling experiment, high-quality whole-brain T2* and QSM maps at 1 mm isotropic resolution was acquired in 52 seconds at 3T using 3D GE-EPTI with temporal-variant CAIPI encoding. Conclusion: The proposed subspace reconstruction and optimized temporal-variant CAIPI encoding can further improve the performance of EPTI for fast quantitative mapping.