Iphisa munduruku Albano & Mello & Recoder & Fouquet & Rodrigues & Nunes 2024, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Albano, Anna V.
name: Mello
name: Recoder, Renato S.
name: Fouquet, Antoine
name: Rodrigues, Miguel T.
name: Nunes, Pedro M. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gymnophthalmidae
Iphisa
Iphisa munduruku

description: Iphisa munduruku sp.nov.
(Fig. 7G); OTU 6
Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7BA889A1- 040B-4812-AF32-8682B3ED69F5
Etymology: Name in apposition. The name honours Alessandra Korap Munduruku, indigenous leader of the Munduruku ethnic group and an Amazon defender, who fights in defence of demarcation of indigenous territory and the protection of this land, denouncing exploitation and illegal activities in mining, prospecting and the logging industry. Internationally recognized for her work, she received the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award in 2020 in the USA. Alessandra became one of the main voices of indigenous resistance throughout Brazil. In addition, the name honours the Munduruku ethnic group, which occurs in the Coatá-Laranjal indigenous area, close to the Abacaxis River, where this species occurs. Munduruku can mean ‘red ant’.
Iphisa elegans (‘Candidate species III’): Nunes et al. 2012:
(part: 361–376p).
Synonymy list: Iphisa elegans: Ribeiro-Júnior et al. 2017: pp.
169–170 (part).
Holotype: MZUSP 100256 (Field number MTR 12772); from Igarapé-Açú, Abacaxis River (right margin) (4° 20ʹ 39.0″ S, 58° 38ʹ 06.0″ W), state of Amazonas, Brazil. Collected on 1 September 2007 by Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues and collaborators.
Paratypes: Brazil: Amazonas: Igarapé-Açú, Abacaxis River (right margin): MZUSP 100257, MZUSP 100258, MZUSP 100259; São Sebastião, Abacaxis River (left margin): MZUSP 100252.
Diagnosis: (i) Femoral pores absent in the only female known; (ii) six supralabials, with fourth supralabial being the largest and third supralabial under the eye; (iii) prefrontals always present; and (iv) exclusive hemipenial morphotype 3.
Description of the holotype (Fig. 11): Adult male, with snout–vent length 48.5 mm. Rostral broad, well visible from above, wider than high, in contact with the first supralabial, nasal and frontonasal. Frontonasal width two times length, contacting rostral, nasal, loreal and prefrontals. Prefrontals hexagonal, narrower in the midline, contacting each other, in contact with loreal, first and second supraocular on the right side and only the first supraocular on the left side, posteriorly in contact with frontal and anteriorly in contact with frontonasal.Frontal heptagonal, longer than wide, in contact with prefrontals, frontoparietal, interparietal, first and second supraocular on the left side and only the second supraocular on the right side. Frontoparietals roughly quadrangular, smaller than prefrontal, contacting frontal, second and third supraocular, parietals and interparietal, not in contact with each other at midline. Interparietal length two times width, narrower and slightly longer than parietals; contacting frontal, frontoparietal, parietals and, posteriorly, the first pair of dorsal scales. Parietals heptagonal, wider than long, in lateral contact with three temporals, anteriorly contacting third supraocular and frontoparietal; posteriorly contacting first pair of dorsals. Three supraoculars: first the smallest; second the largest and in broad contact with frontal; the third supraocular is of medium size. Nasal above first supralabial, anteriorly narrowed; nostril in the centre and lower part of scale; in contact with rostral, frontonasal, loreal, frenocular and, ventrally, with first supralabial. Loreal posterior to nasal, narrower and diagonally oriented; contacting posteriorly first supraocular, first superciliar, preocular and frenocular. Frenocular below preocular and loreal, followed posteriorly by a long subocular and in contact with nasal and first and second supralabials. Six supralabials: third is the longest, longer than wide and under the eye; fourth is the highest, in contact with temporals, subocular and postocular; sixth supralabial is the smallest, in contact with small granules around the ear. Medial region of eyelid with a semitransparent undivided disc surrounded by granular smooth scales. Left lower eyelid with nine strongly pigmented palpebrals; right one with eight also strongly pigmented palpebrals. Four superciliaries: first the largest, wider anteriorly, in contact with first and second supraocular, second superciliary, preocular, loreal and eyelid. Temporal region with smooth scales of different sizes and shapes. Ear opening is surrounded by a series of very small and juxtaposed rounded granules; external auditory meatus large, tympanum ovoid and recessed. Lateral surface of neck with smooth, imbricate and larger dorsal scales. Head scales smooth and juxtaposed with scattered sensorial organs. Mental broad, width two times length. Postmental heptagonal, wider than long. Two pairs of chin shields: the first pair very large, occupying more than half of the ventral region of the head, contacting the second, third and fourth infralabials and first pair of gular scales; the second pair of chin shields much smaller, separated by gulars and in contact with fourth and fifth infralabials. Eight pairs of smooth, intercalated, imbricate, shielded and rounded gular scales, followed by five distinct interbrachial scales, three of them larger than gular scales. Two rows of ventral scales, the right with 19 and the left with 17, from interbrachials (not included) to preanals; of the same size and shape as the dorsal scales and imbricate. Lateral scales rounded, imbricate, with similar size at the mid-body, becoming smaller and rounded around arm level. Four transverse rows of lateral scales at mid-body. Thirty transverse rows of smooth dorsal, imbricate, alternated, hexagonal scales, wider than long, smaller at hindlimb level. A distinctive area with granular scales surrounds the area of arm insertion. Tail scales lanceolate, keeled, imbricate, alternated; ventral scales of tail keeled, imbricate and alternated; rounded and smooth near to anal plate. Anal plate with five lanceolate scales: medial and paramedial the largest, medial one slightly recessed, narrower than peripheral scales. Eleven continuous femoral pores on the left leg and 10 continuous femoral pores on the right leg, preanal pores absent, each pore within a small and rounded scale on the ventral surface of hindlimbs. Left hemipenis removed. Forelimbs with large, smooth and imbricate scales; those on the ventral part of the brachium much smaller and rounded. Right hindlimb damaged; anterior and ventral parts of hindlimbs with regular granules, smooth and imbricate, identical to the corresponding parts of the forelimbs. Posterior part of hindlimbs with granules, grading progressively to larger and imbricate, on dorsal part of tibia. Metacarpal and metatarsal scales imbricate and larger than phalangeal scales; supradigital lamellae smooth and imbricate. Palmar and plantar surfaces with small granules; right palmar surface with 13 single infradigitals on finger IV, left one with 12; right plantar surface with 16 double infradigitals on toe IV, left one with 18. Toes and fingers, except for finger I, clawed, and of the following relative sizes: I <II <V <III <IV.
Coloration in preservative: Dorsal, tail and lateral surfaces of body dark brown, with darker stains on anterior portion of dorsal and lateral scales and irregularly distributed on the tail scales. Flanks predominantly dark brown from the nasal to the hindlimbs, becoming more yellowish to cream on the ventral part of the body and tail. Ventral parts of body and tail creamy yellow, spotless. Limbs dark brown dorsally, irregularly spotted with yellow; and dark black spotted ventrally.
Measurements of holotype (in millimetres): SVL 48.5; TRL 29.1; HL 9.5; HW 7.9.
Variation and sexual dimorphism: The only female analysed has no femoral pores, whereas males have, on average, 22 femoral pores. No sexual differences could be analysed.
Distribution: Iphisa munduruku has a restricted distribution, occurring only in central Amazonia (dark blue in Fig. 2), at the margins of the Abacaxis River. It is sympatric and sintopic with I. dorothy.
description: Published as part of Albano, Anna V., Mello, Recoder, Renato S., Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T. & Nunes, Pedro M. S., 2024, Integrative taxonomy of the Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851 species complex (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) leads to the description of five new species, pp. 477-504 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2) on pages 495-496, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad073, http://zenodo.org/record/11240018