cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Quantum Bäcklund Transforms to Topological Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Korff, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the quantum analogue of a Bäcklund transformation for the quantised Ablowitz-Ladik chain, a space discretisation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The quantisation of the Ablowitz-Ladik chain leads to the $q$-boson model. Using a previous construction of Baxter's Q-operator for this model by the author, a set of functional relations is obtained which matches the relations of a one-variable classical Bäcklund transform to all orders in $\hbar $. We construct also a second Q-operator and show that it is closely related to the inverse of the first. The multi-Bäcklund transforms generated from the Q-operator define the fusion matrices of a 2D TQFT and we derive a linear system for the solution to the quantum Bäcklund relations in terms of the TQFT fusion coefficients.
description: 29 pages,4 figures (v3: published version)
title: Spatiotemporal distribution of European hake Merluccius merluccius related to environmental conditions on the continental shelf of the Sea of Marmara
Creators: name: YILDIZ, Taner
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2020

description: Currently, knowledge of the spatial distribution of European hake Merluccius merluccius in the Sea of Marmara is scarce, particularly regarding the dependency of this fish on biotic or abiotic conditions. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to model hake abundances in relation to depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and spatial location variabilities in the eastern Sea of Marmara (ESM). Furthermore, the size distribution of European hake was analyzed by depth and season. Data were collected during a 4-year sampling period (2014-2017) in the ESM using scientific demersal trawl surveys. The GAM results indicated that although all given variables influenced the spatial distribution patterns of hake, the variables with the greatest contributions in the ESM were longitude and depth. Hake abundance showed a strongly nonlinear dependence on the explanatory covariates. The results concluded that areas with the highest hake abundances were located at approximately 90 m. The results also indicated that a bottom temperature between 15 and 15.5°C, representing relatively warm bottom waters in the ESM, had the highest hake abundances. Low oxygen values did not adversely affect the abundance of hake. Hake preferences for areas with specific bathymetric and ocean environmental conditions are considered to be linked to the oceanography of the ESM ecosystem. This study also demonstrated that the size distribution of European hake differs by depth and season, and individuals larger than 30 cm can mostly be found in waters deeper than 80 m.
FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF THE COASTAL COPEPOD EUTERPINA-ACUTIFRONS ON SMALL PARTICLES
Creators: name: Sautour, B.
name: Castel, J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Planktonic Copepods constitute an important group of the food chain in estuaries. They are preys or eventually competitors of a lot of species with economic interest (e. g. Bivalves). The nutrition behaviour of Copepods in these ecosystems, where small particulate suspended matter (algae and inert particles) is abundant, is of a great interest. The feeding behaviour of Euterpina acutifrons, a dominant Copepod in coastal areas, was studied experimentally. Several algal species were offered : Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Skeletonema costatum. The ingestion rate of Copepods fed with small algae increases linearly with the concentration of cells. The clearance rate is not correlated to the algal concentration and remains quite constant. In addition, ingestion and filtration rates increase with the cells diameter when different species are proposed. Euterpina acutifrons ingests small inert particles (5 mum beads) with no nutritional value. These particles are detected mechanically. This suggests that Copepods can complement their algal diet in the ecosystem with detritic particles.
Rapid spread of the northern brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives, 1891 in the Gulf of Gabes (south-eastern Tunisia): an additional fishery resource with potential impact on local species
Creators: name: EL ZRELLI, Radhouan
name: YACOUBI, Lamia
name: MANSOUR, Lamjed
name: RABAOUI, Lotfi
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: The present paper reports the rapid spread and increased abundance of the northern brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives, 1891, four years after its first record by Ben Jarray et al. (2019), in the offshore waters of the Gulf of Gabes (south-eastern Tunisia). In order to trace the spread of this shrimp and assess the potential effects of its establishment in the Gulf of Gabes, a survey was conducted with local fishermen. The results of the survey showed that P. aztecus has continuously invaded the inshore waters of the Gulf of Gabes since 2018. Along the Gulf coast, the species is caught mainly by trammel nets in the submerged aquatic vegetation between Metouia and Ghannouch at depths between 5 and 20 m. Most fishermen (23.3%) reported a catch between 10 and 15 kg boat-1 trip-1, although some (3.3%) reported catches up to 35 kg boat-1 trip-1. In spite of the economic benefits that local fishermen may gain from this additional fisheries resource, P. aztecus may be competing with other local shrimp species such as the Caramote prawn Penaeus kerathurus. Further studies are needed to better understand the opportunities and risks of P. aztecus establishment in the Gulf of Gabes.
A Hebbian/Anti-Hebbian Neural Network for Linear Subspace Learning: A Derivation from Multidimensional Scaling of Streaming Data
Creators: name: Pehlevan, Cengiz
name: Hu, Tao
name: Chklovskii, Dmitri B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural network models of early sensory processing typically reduce the dimensionality of streaming input data. Such networks learn the principal subspace, in the sense of principal component analysis (PCA), by adjusting synaptic weights according to activity-dependent learning rules. When derived from a principled cost function these rules are nonlocal and hence biologically implausible. At the same time, biologically plausible local rules have been postulated rather than derived from a principled cost function. Here, to bridge this gap, we derive a biologically plausible network for subspace learning on streaming data by minimizing a principled cost function. In a departure from previous work, where cost was quantified by the representation, or reconstruction, error, we adopt a multidimensional scaling (MDS) cost function for streaming data. The resulting algorithm relies only on biologically plausible Hebbian and anti-Hebbian local learning rules. In a stochastic setting, synaptic weights converge to a stationary state which projects the input data onto the principal subspace. If the data are generated by a nonstationary distribution, the network can track the principal subspace. Thus, our result makes a step towards an algorithmic theory of neural computation.
description: Accepted for publication in Neural Computation
Electronic supplementary material - additional text, figures and tables from Changing environments and genetic variation: natural variation in inbreeding does not compromise short-term physiological responses
Creators: name: Buckley, James
name: Rónán Daly
name: Cobbold, Christina A.
name: Burgess, Karl
name: Mable, Barbara K.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: All supplementary text, figures and tables for the manuscript
title:  La sorte delle statuizioni civilistiche dopo il d.leg. n. 7 del 2016
Creators: name: De Marzo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Sono trattati alcuni aspetti dell’intreccio tra procedimento penale pendente e processo civile instaurato a seguito del recente intervento normativo in materia di abrogazione e depenalizzazione dei reati (d. leg. 7/2016).
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
Supplementary Material from On the emergence of gravitational-like forces in insect swarms.
Creators: name: Reynolds, Andy M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Okubo (Okubo 1986 Adv. Biophys. 22, 1–94. (doi:10.1016/0065-227X(86)90003-1)) was the first to propose that insect swarms are analogous to self-gravitating systems. In the intervening years, striking similarities between insect swarms and self-gravitating systems have been uncovered. Nonetheless, experimental observations of laboratory swarms provide no conclusive evidence of long-range forces acting between swarming insects. The insects appear somewhat paradoxically to be tightly bound to the swarm while at the same time weakly coupled inside it. Here, I show how resultant centrally attractive gravitational-like forces can emerge from the observed tendency of insects to continually switch between two distinct flight modes: one that consists of low-frequency manoeuvres and one that consists of higher-frequency nearly harmonic oscillations conducted in synchrony with another insect. The emergent dynamics are consistent with ‘adaptive’ gravity models of swarming and with variants of the stochastic models of Okubo and Reynolds for the trajectories of swarming insects: models that are in close accord with a plethora of observations of unperturbed and perturbed laboratory swarms. The results bring about a radical change of perspective as swarm properties can now be attributed to known biological behaviours rather than to elusive physical influences.
Assessing the Microbial Quality of Improved Drinking Water Sources: Results from the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Baum, Rachel
name: Sobsey, Mark
name: Stauber, Christine
name: Kayser, Georgia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Millennium Development Goal Target 7c (to halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of the global population without sustainable access to safe drinking water), was celebrated as achieved in 2012. However, new studies show that we may be prematurely celebrating. Access to safe drinking water may be overestimated if microbial water quality is considered. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between microbial drinking water quality and drinking water source in the Puerto Plata region of the Dominican Republic. This study analyzed microbial drinking water quality data from 409 households in 33 communities. Results showed that 47% of improved drinking water sources were of high to very-high risk water quality, and therefore unsafe for drinking. This study provides evidence that the current estimate of safe water access may be overly optimistic, and microbial water quality data are needed to reliably assess the safety of drinking water.
Burden of Dengue Infection and Disease in a Pediatric Cohort in Urban Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Margolis, Harold S.
name: De Silva, Aravinda M.
name: Katzelnick, Leah
name: De Silva, Aruna Dharshan
name: Tam, Clarence
name: William Letson, G.
name: Kariyawasam, Pradeep
name: Tissera, Hasitha
name: Amarasinghe, Ananda
name: Corbett, Kizzmekia S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Dengue is the most significant arthropod-borne viral infection of humans. Persons infected with dengue viruses (DENV) have subclinical or clinically apparent infections ranging from undifferentiated fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome. Although recent studies estimated that the Indian subcontinent has the greatest burden of DENV infection and disease worldwide, we do not have reliable, population-based estimates of the incidence of infection and disease in this region. The goal of this study was to follow-up a cohort of 800 children living in a heavily urbanized area of Colombo, Sri Lanka to obtain accurate estimates of the incidence of DENV infection and disease. Annual blood samples were obtained from all children to estimate dengue seroprevalence at enrollment and to identify children exposed to new DENV infections during the study year. Blood was also obtained from any child in whom fever developed over the course of the study year to identify clinically apparent DENV infections. At enrollment, dengue seroprevalence was 53.07%, which indicated high transmission in this population. Over the study year, the incidence of DENV infection and disease were 8.39 (95% confidence interval = 6.56–10.53) and 3.38 (95% confidence interval = 2.24–4.88), respectively, per 100 children per year. The ratio of clinically inapparent to apparent infections was 1.48. These results will be useful for obtaining more accurate estimates of the burden of dengue in the region and for making decisions about testing and introduction of vaccines.
Determinants and Coverage of Vaccination in Children in Western Kenya from a 2003 Cross-Sectional Survey
Creators: name: Hamel, Mary J.
name: Odhiambo, Frank O.
name: Winterbauer, Elizabeth
name: Van Eijk, Anna M.
name: Slutsker, Laurence
name: Wilson, Mark L.
name: Calhoun, Lisa M.
name: Lindblade, Kim A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study assesses full and timely vaccination coverage and factors associated with full vaccination in children ages 12–23 months in Gem, Nyanza Province, Kenya in 2003. A simple random sample of 1,769 households was selected, and guardians were invited to bring children under 5 years of age to participate in a survey. Full vaccination coverage was 31.1% among 244 children. Only 2.2% received all vaccinations in the target month for each vaccination. In multivariate logistic regression, children of mothers of higher parity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.13–0.65, P ≤ 0.01), children of mothers with lower maternal education (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13–0.97, P ≤ 0.05), or children in households with the spouse absent versus present (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17–0.91, P ≤ 0.05) were less likely to be fully vaccinated. These data serve as a baseline from which changes in vaccination coverage will be measured as interventions to improve vaccination timeliness are introduced.
Larval and post-settlement recruitment processes of the ark shell Anadara (Scapharca) broughtonii (Schrenck, 1867) in Sendai Bay, northeastern Japan
Creators: name: SUGIURA, Daisuke
name: INOMATA, Kyohei
name: MATSUMOTO, Nanako
name: SASAKI, Koichi
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: Larval abundance and abiotic factors influence juvenile benthic invertebrate distribution patterns. In this study, we investigated the spatial relationships between the horizontal distributions of larval and juvenile ark shell Anadara (Scapharca) broughtonii (Bivalvia: Arcidae) in a temperate embayment. Larvae were collected by vertical tows of a plankton net and juvenile occurrence data were collected from the dredge material onboard fishing vessels. Between 20 and 35 m deep, early- to late-umbo larvae were distributed in relatively shallow water, whereas the distribution of competent larvae was associated with saline and cold bottom water, but not with depth of the site. The distribution of juveniles of 10-30 mm in shell length was confirmed in waters between 20 and 27 m and could not be effectively predicted by depth and the cumulative supply of competent larvae. It is possible that the juvenile distribution could be related to the adult habitat in silty substrate in waters from 20 to 27 m, assuming that adults are suitable substrates for initial attachment. Protecting waters at depths from 20 to 27 m could effectively promote the recruitment of juvenile ark shells in the bay.
SIKKIMESE ORIGIN NEPALI (GORKHALI) - PART II
Creators: name: Pradhan, Durga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other Indigenous studies not elsewhere classified

description: These historical documents depict that the “Sikkimese origin Nepali” (Gorkhali) are the aboriginal tribe of Sikkim who principally separated and merged based on the different treaties, conventions, rules and laws. Thus, the Sikkimese origin Nepali (Gorkhali) are the aboriginal tribe with land.
Improving Global Health Education: Development of a Global Health Competency Model
Creators: name: Frenk, Julio
name: Nasca, Philip
name: Biberman, Dorothy A.
name: Buekens, Pierre
name: Weist, Elizabeth M.
name: Klag, Michael J.
name: Flahault, Antoine
name: Bentley, Margaret E.
name: Ablah, Elizabeth
name: Shortell, Stephen
name: Rodriguez Lopez, Mario Henry
name: Spencer, Harrison C.
name: Gotsch, Audrey R.
name: Burke, Donald
name: Finnegan Jr., John R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although global health is a recommended content area for the future of education in public health, no standardized global health competency model existed for master-level public health students. Without such a competency model, academic institutions are challenged to ensure that students are able to demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) needed for successful performance in today's global health workforce. The Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) sought to address this need by facilitating the development of a global health competency model through a multistage modified-Delphi process. Practitioners and academic global health experts provided leadership and guidance throughout the competency development process. The resulting product, the Global Health Competency Model 1.1, includes seven domains and 36 competencies. The Global Health Competency Model 1.1 provides a platform for engaging educators, students, and global health employers in discussion of the KSAs needed to improve human health on a global scale.
Valley properties of doped graphene in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Ardenghi, Juan Sebastian
name: Bechthold, Pablo
name: Gonzalez, Estela
name: Jasen, Paula
name: Juan, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to describe the electronic properties of graphene in a constant magnetic field in the long wavelength approximation with random binary disorder, by solving the Soven equation self-consistently. Density of state contributions for different valleys in each sublattice sites are obtained for different values of magnetic field strength showing remarkable differences between K and K' valleys. A band gap is obtained by an asymmetric on-site impurity concentration and the graphene electrons acquire an anomalous magnetic moment, which is opposite in different valleys, which depend highly in the interplay between the impurity band, the band edges and the broadening of the Landau levels. In turn, magnetization as a function of B for different on-site random impurities is computed showing that by decreasing the on-site impurity energy values, maximum magnetization is shifted towards higher values of B which can be used to create and manipulate polarized valley currents. Finally, conductivity and local vertex function are obtained as a function of energy showing that scattering contributions from A and B sublattices differ significantly. Effective medium local two-irreducible vertex is computed showing that scattering from sublattices A and B do not contribute equally, which can be related to weak anti-localization. From these results, it could be possible to explore how the valley pseudospin can be used to create polarized currents by populating asymmetrically the sublattice sites, where the population can be tuned with the applied magnetic field strength.
Two new species of Trophomera Rubtzov & Platonova, 1974 (Nematoda: Plectida: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North Pacific
Creators: name: SHIMADA, Daisuke
name: TAKEDA, Naoya
name: TSUNE, Akira
name: MURAKAMI, Chisato
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: Two new species of the genus Trophomera Rubtzov & Platonova, 1974 (Nematoda: Plectida: Benthimermithidae) from the deep-sea bottom of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North Pacific are described. Trophomera mangani sp. nov. differs from its congeners in terms of its large body size, preamphidial cervical lateral alae extending the whole distance from the cephalic apex to amphid, a cone-shaped tail with a terminal spine, and reproductive system with two testes arranged consecutively in tandem and connected by a joint spermaduct. Trophomera fodinae sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by its setiform cephalic sensilla, a pharynx that connects with the anterior end of the trophosome, a rounded tail with a terminal spine possessing additional cuticular layers and granular inclusions, the presence of an anus and a rectum, the anterior position of the vulva, and its short reproductive system with two telogonic reflected ovaries. Dichotomous keys to male and female of Trophomera are provided.
In vitro and In vivo Antimalarial Activity of Amphiphilic Naphthothiazolium Salts with Amine-Bearing Side Chains
Creators: name: Ulrich, Peter
name: Sullivan, David J.
name: Cerami, Carla
name: Tripathi, Abhai
name: Gipson, Gregory R.
name: Clark, Martha A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Because of emerging resistance to existing drugs, new chemical classes of antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. We have rationally designed a library of compounds that were predicted to accumulate in the digestive vacuole and then decrystallize hemozoin by breaking the iron carboxylate bond in hemozoin. We report the synthesis of 16 naphthothiazolium salts with amine-bearing side chains and their activities against the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. KSWI-855, the compound with the highest efficacy against the asexual stages of P. falciparum in vitro, also had in vitro activity against P. falciparum gametocytes and in vivo activity against P. berghei in a murine malaria model.
Morphology and distribution of carapace setae in the porter crab Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Dorippidae) inhabiting the Suez Canal, Egypt
Creators: name: OSMAN, Marwa
name: SALLAM, Wafaa
name: MADKOUR, Fedekar
name: WICKSTEN, Mary
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: The porter crab Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793) inhabiting the Suez Canal has its carapace fouled with considerable amounts of detrital material and silt. The carapace is characterized by prominent tubercles and dense setules. The rather thick cover of detritus makes the crab invisible on its substrate. We predicted that the strongly sculptured carapace of this crab together with other surface features assist with the settlement and stability of detrital material. Four setal types were identified and photographed: simple, cuspidate, pappose (including encircled shortened pappose and elongated euphorbia) and plumodenticulate setae. We believe that this species achieved crypsis by passive acquisition of the silt cover as a modality of camouflage. The sculptured carapace with its different features are elements that assist in attaining concealment.
Photosynthesis of Laminaria digitata during the immersion and emersion periods of spring tidal cycles during hot, sunny weather
Creators: name: MIGNÉ, Aline
name: DELEBECQ, Gaspard
name: DAVOULT, Dominique
name: SPILMONT, Nicolas
name: MENU, Dominique
name: JANQUIN, Marie-Andrée
name: GÉVAERT, François
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: The boreal kelp Laminaria digitata dominates the low intertidal and upper subtidal zones of moderately exposed rocky shores in north-western Europe. Due to ocean warming, this foundation species is predicted to disappear from French coasts in the near future. Photosynthesis of L. digitata sporophytes was surveyed in situ during spring and summer tidal cycles with emersion periods around midday during hot, sunny weather. The net production (NP) of whole individuals (i.e. the difference between their gross primary production and respiration) was assessed by measuring carbon fluxes inside a closed chamber. Photosynthetic performance of thalli was assessed using pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence parameters, the effective (ΦPSII) and optimal (FV/FM) quantum yields of photosystem II. Content in pigments involved in the xanthophyll cycle, a photoprotective mechanism, was measured in thalli to evaluate the de-epoxidation ratio (DR). NP shifted from positive values (reaching 140 µmol C gDW-1 h-1) during morning immersion to negative values during emersion (reaching -37 µmol C gDW-1 h-1), and did not return to positive values during the following immersion period when respiration was exacerbated. ΦPSII decreased during emersion (down to 0.01), but recovered during afternoon immersion. FV/FM decreased during emersion (down to 0.18) indicating severe photoinhibition. High DR values (up to 0.70) showed the effectiveness of the photoprotective mechanism, which appeared nevertheless insufficient to prevent photodamage during emersion stress. Among the environmental factors contributing to this emersion stress, repeated heat shocks over consecutive tide cycles likely play a leading role. These repeated heat shocks appear to further exacerbate the detrimental effects of warming events on this marginal population of L. digitata.
Search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson using vector-boson fusion in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for a Higgs boson produced via vector-boson fusion and decaying into invisible particles is presented, using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, assuming the Standard Model production cross section, an upper bound of 0.28 is set on the branching fraction of $H\to$ invisible at 95% confidence level, where the expected upper limit is 0.31. The results are interpreted in models of Higgs-portal dark matter where the branching fraction limit is converted into upper bounds on the dark-matter--nucleon scattering cross section as a function of the dark-matter particle mass, and compared to results from the direct dark-matter detection experiments.
description: 27 pages plus author list (43 pages total), 8 figures, 11 tables, published version, all figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-16/
Being Ready to Treat Ebola Virus Disease Patients
Creators: name: Fowler, Robert A.
name: Adachi, Takuya
name: Lamontagne, Francois
name: Carlson, John C.
name: Murthy, Srinivas G.
name: Kuniyoshi, Gary G.
name: Houlihan, Catherine F.
name: Hurley, Sara K.
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Button, Thomas C.
name: Brett-Major, David M.
name: Crozier, Ian
name: McLellan, Susan L.
name: Porembka, David T.
name: Shea, Barbara J.
name: Jacob, Shevin T.
name: O'dempsey, Tim
name: Schieffelin, John S.
name: Fletcher, Thomas E.
name: Jacquerioz, Frederique A.
name: Rubinson, Lewis
name: Fischer, William A.
name: Bosa, Henry Kyobe
name: Ferri, Mauricio
name: Lawler, James V.
name: Bausch, Daniel G.
name: Berry, Louise E.
name: Petrosillo, Nicola
name: Risi, George F.
name: Donovan, Suzanne M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: As the outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa continues, clinical preparedness is needed in countries at risk for EVD (e.g., United States) and more fully equipped and supported clinical teams in those countries with epidemic spread of EVD in Africa. Clinical staff must approach the patient with a very deliberate focus on providing effective care while assuring personal safety. To do this, both individual health care providers and health systems must improve EVD care. Although formal guidance toward these goals exists from the World Health Organization, Medecin Sans Frontières, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other groups, some of the most critical lessons come from personal experience. In this narrative, clinicians deployed by the World Health Organization into a wide range of clinical settings in West Africa distill key, practical considerations for working safely and effectively with patients with EVD.
Supplementary Material from On the emergence of gravitational-like forces in insect swarms
Creators: name: Reynolds, Andy M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Okubo (Okubo 1986 Adv. Biophys. 22, 1–94. (doi:10.1016/0065-227X(86)90003-1)) was the first to propose that insect swarms are analogous to self-gravitating systems. In the intervening years, striking similarities between insect swarms and self-gravitating systems have been uncovered. Nonetheless, experimental observations of laboratory swarms provide no conclusive evidence of long-range forces acting between swarming insects. The insects appear somewhat paradoxically to be tightly bound to the swarm while at the same time weakly coupled inside it. Here, I show how resultant centrally attractive gravitational-like forces can emerge from the observed tendency of insects to continually switch between two distinct flight modes: one that consists of low-frequency manoeuvers and one that consists of higher-frequency nearly harmonic oscillations conducted in synchrony with another insect. The emergent dynamics are consistent with ‘adaptive’ gravity models of swarming and with variants of the stochastic models of Okubo and Reynolds for the trajectories of swarming insects: models that are in close accord with a plethora of observations of unperturbed and perturbed laboratory swarms. The results bring about a radical change of perspective as swarm properties can now be attributed to known biological behaviours rather than to elusive physical influences.
Reproductive biology of the blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) in the Moroccan Mediterranean side of the Strait of Gibraltar
Creators: name: KHOUKH, Meryeme
name: BERDAY, Nadia
name: BENZIANE, Meryem
name: BENCHOUCHA, Said
name: CHIAAR, Abderrahim
name: MALOULI IDRISSI, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: The blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768), is an economically important and a main targeted fishery species in the Strait of Gibraltar. In order to address overfishing issues and to set up an efficient management plan for a sustainable exploitation, the life cycle of this species was investigated for the first time in the Moroccan Mediterranean seawaters of the Strait of Gibraltar. From July 2018 to June 2019, a total of 756 specimens of blackspot seabream were randomly sampled from commercial catches landed in the port of Tangier (35°47′N-5°48′W). The main biological parameters investigated were length and weight, gonadal differentiation, sexual maturity, spawning season and sex change. Protandrous hermaphroditism was the prevalent sexual pattern with low occurrence of gonochorism. Sex ratio was 1:2.21 (M: F) and skewed towards females which were predominant in the larger size classes. First sexual maturity for males and females sex combined was reached at L50 = 31.48 cm. The species displayed a short spawning season (January-March). The results were compared with the ones from the west Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and allowed the suggestion of preliminary management measures for the fishery, including a seasonal closure during the peak of the spawning season (January-February) and the establishment of a larger minimum landing size in Morocco (32 cm TL).
Laser Patterning of Semiconductor QDs Within a Polymeric Matrix
Creators: name: Francesco, Antolini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: quantum dots, laser patterning

description: Poster presented at HPLSA 2018 October 9-12 2018 Frascati (Rome) The synthesis of colloidal photo-luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), belonging to II-VI groups, even from single source precursors is presented. Since three decades their synthesis has been pursued implementing new and easier synthetic conditions that standardize their production. In this work is reported the production of luminescent of CdS QDs in a polymeric film induced by laser processing. A film of PMMA doped with two types of precursors (cadmium xanthates) is irradiated with an UV laser source with different energy doses. The structured film will then be observed with confocal fluorescent microscope. The interesting results shows that the two different xanthates display a different behaviour under the laser source even if their absorption spectrum is similar. The second interesting result is that the effect of the laser is the production luminescent pattern only for certain fluences and that the same film treated with the temperature did not show any luminescent. These results points out the role of the laser light in the process of luminescent QDs growth that the temperature can’t activate.
Stochasticity in pandemic spread over the World Airline Network explained by local flight connections
Creators: name: Lawyer, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive growth in human mobility has dramatically increased the risk and rate of pandemic spread. Macro-level descriptors of the topology of the World Airline Network (WAN) explains middle and late stage dynamics of pandemic spread mediated by this network, but necessarily regard early stage variation as stochastic. We propose that much of early stage variation can be explained by appropriately characterizing the local topology surrounding the debut location of an outbreak. We measure for each airport the expected force of infection (AEF) which a pandemic originating at that airport would generate. We observe, for a subset of world airports, the minimum transmission rate at which a disease becomes pandemically competent at each airport. We also observe, for a larger subset, the time until a pandemically competent outbreak achieves pandemic status given its debut location. Observations are generated using a highly sophisticated metapopulation reaction-diffusion simulator under a disease model known to well replicate the 2009 influenza pandemic. The robustness of the AEF measure to model misspecification is examined by degrading the network model. AEF powerfully explains pandemic risk, showing correlation of 0.90 to the transmission level needed to give a disease pandemic competence, and correlation of 0.85 to the delay until an outbreak becomes a pandemic. The AEF is robust to model misspecification. For 97% of airports, removing 15% of airports from the model changes their AEF metric by less than 1%. Appropriately summarizing the size, shape, and diversity of an airport's local neighborhood in the WAN accurately explains much of the macro-level stochasticity in pandemic outcomes.
description: article text: 6 pages, 5 figures, 28 references
Reproductive biology of the European conger eel, Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) from the coastal waters of Bizerte, Tunisia
Creators: name: SALLAMI, Balkis
name: BEN IBRAHIM, Aymen
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: According to the importance of its geographical location Tunisia constitutes an important sector for the study of Conger conger. A sample of 145 individuals was collected between January 2019 and December 2019, from the inshore coastal waters of Bizerte. The length and weight ranged from 436 to 1210 mm and 108.51 to 3563.2 g. All individuals were females. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied between 0.21 and 3.95 and ocular index (OI) between 24.14 and 74.28. The increase in gonadosomatic index did not correlate significantly with an increase in the total length and the ocular index. The majority of specimens presented a GSI value < 1, the highest percentage of females with GSI > 1 has been captured in winter. Histological examination of 67 ovaries revealed two main stages of development: a pre-vitellogenic stage showing small oocytes diameter (45-69 µm) and an early vitellogenic stage showing enlarged oocytes diameter (89-111 µm). There was a positive relationship between GSI and Maximum oocyte diameter (MOD), namely for females in an early vitellogenic stage.
Ebola Virus Disease: Rapid Diagnosis and Timely Case Reporting are Critical to the Early Response for Outbreak Control
Creators: name: Stamm, Lola V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a life-threatening zoonosis caused by infection with the Ebola virus. Since the first reported EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, several small outbreaks have been reported in central Africa with about 2,400 cases occurring between 1976 and 2013. The 2013–2015 EVD outbreak in west Africa is the first documented outbreak in this region and the largest ever with over 27,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths. Although EVD transmission rates have recently decreased in west Africa, this crisis continues to threaten global health and security, particularly since infected travelers could spread EVD to other resource-limited areas of the world. Because vaccines and drugs are not yet licensed for EVD, outbreak control is dependent on the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., infection control practices, isolation of EVD cases, contact tracing with follow-up and quarantine, sanitary burial, health education). However, delays in diagnosing and reporting EVD cases in less accessible rural areas continue to hamper control efforts. New advances in rapid diagnostics for identifying presumptive EVD cases and in mobile-based technologies for communicating critical health-related information should facilitate deployment of an early response to prevent the amplification of sporadic EVD cases into large-scale outbreaks.
Discarded Elasmobranchs in shrimp trammel net fishery in southern Turkey (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea)
Creators: name: KEBAPCIOGLU, Turhan
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this study is to examine discards in fishery, which is a significant problem in the world's marine fisheries. The study focuses primarily on elasmobranch discards in shrimp trammel net fishery. Ninety-six samplings were performed at depths ranging between 10 and 23 m off the southern coast of Turkey (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea). A total of 172 specimens, belonging to 11 elasmobranch species, were caught. Seven species were classified as threatened in the Mediterranean based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of total elasmobranchs was 1.303 specimens.1000 m-1 net. The dominant species was Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802 with 0.258 individuals.1000 m-1 net, followed by Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758), Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758, and Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810. The average disk widths of these species were 25.0, 24.8, 19.0 and 15.5 cm, respectively. It is of utmost importance to obtain continuous and reliable data for sustainable fisheries management and protection of threatened species.
Screening for antibacterial molecules in meiobenthic nematodes belonging to the Oncholaimidae family
Creators: name: BRUNO, Renato
name: ZEPPILLI, Daniela
name: BOIDIN-WICHLACZ, Céline
name: SANDULLI, Roberto
name: TASIEMSKI, Aurélie
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: Active substances such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) defined as antibiotics naturally produced by all living species, have already been characterized and identified from various marine organisms (fish, sponges, annelids, echinoderms, crustaceans, molluscs and tunicates) except from nematodes. In this study, we investigated the biochemical isolation of antibacterial substances from three free-living marine nematodes belonging to the Oncholaimidae family that dominated meiofauna of two coastal environments characterized by reduced and hypoxic sediments with high concentration of sulfides (Roscoff Harbour in France and Secca delle Fumose in Italy). There are no consensus sequences for AMPs which are even more diversified in the marine environment compared to the terrestrial one. A bioassay guided purification protocol was used since it constitutes the only method to find novel active peptides. Data showed the potential of two of the three nematodes species as interesting sources of small sized antibiotics. The third species showed an occasional epi-symbiotic association with filamentous bacteria, but singularly lacked antimicrobial activity. The lack of biological material did not allow the identification of the antimicrobial molecules.
Analysis of digestive tract contents from loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) stranded along the Northwest coast of Morocco
Creators: name: BENHARDOUZE, Wafae
name: AKSISSOU, Mustapha
name: TIWARI, Manjula
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: Understanding the foraging habitat preferences of marine megafauna is important to avoid the impact of fishery bycatch and develop appropriate management measures. Here, digestive tract contents of 20 dead stranded loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in northwest Morocco were examined between 2002 and 2007. The weight occurrence of preys demonstrated a very diverse diet: 41 taxa were identified belonging to 8 Phyla, but were dominated by fish (Engraulis), crustaceans (Polybius henslowii) and mollusks. Anthropogenic debris, such as plastics, were also found among the gut contents. Adult turtles had fed largely on benthic preys (94%) whereas juveniles had consumed pelagic preys in large quantities (79%). The size class between 50 cm and 70 cm carapace length (sub-adults) consumed 63% benthic preys and 37% pelagic preys. The diversity in prey species consumed increased with turtle size as would be expected from the carnivorous nature of loggerhead turtles.
Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery
Creators: name: Zambrana, Luis Enrique
name: Monteagudo, Andrea
name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
name: Azcarate-Peril, M. Andrea
name: Vilchez, Samuel
name: Carroll, Ian M.
name: Rogawski, Elizabeth T.
name: Allali, Imane
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Espinoza, Felix
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Understanding how the gut microbiota is affected by diarrhea episodes may help explain alterations in intestinal function among children in low-income settings. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome of Nicaraguan children both during diarrhea episodes and while free of diarrhea for at least 2 months. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness were determined by 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between paired diarrhea and recovery samples. A total of 66 stools were provided by 25 children enrolled in a 1-year cohort study of diarrhea etiologies. Children in our cohort had a mean age of 21.9 months; 64% were breast-fed, and 10% had received an antibiotic during the diarrhea episode. Overall, phylogenetic diversity and species richness did not differ significantly between diarrhea and recovery stools. However, of children who had a bacterial enteropathogen detected in any diarrhea stool, none experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery, whereas of those in whom no bacterial enteropathogens were detected in their diarrhea stool(s), 59% experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery (P = 0.008). This preliminary study suggests that recovery of the gut microbiota after a diarrhea episode may take longer time than previously thought and may be pathogen specific.
Age and growth of Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the eastern Tunisian and southern Italian waters
Creators: name: FEZZANI, Samia
name: KHEMIRI, Sana
name: RJEIBI, Okbi
name: CHERIF, Mourad
name: ARONICA, Salvatore
name: PULIZZI, Maurizio
name: FERRERI, Rosalia
name: GARGANO, Antonella
name: BONANNO, Angelo
name: FONTANA, Ignazio
name: GIACALONE, Giovanni
name: MAZZOLA, Salvatore
name: GAAMOUR, Adel
name: JARBOUI, Othman
name: BASILONE, Gualtiero
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2021

description: Age and growth of the horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus, caught in the two sides of the Strait of Sicily, central Mediterranean Sea (Italy: GSA16 and Tunisia: GSA13), were estimated by length-frequency analysis using FISAT II software. The estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, compared with likelihood ratio test showed significant differences in horse mackerel growth, caught from the two areas. Trachurus trachurus from Tunisia tended to be greater in size than those from Italy. Satellite sea surface temperature revealed a constant higher temperature regime in Tunisian waters, which resulted 1°C warmer than Italian waters. Chlorophyll a concentration showed a higher primary production (+ 12%) in the Italian waters compared to Tunisian waters. Relationships between growth and geographical distribution denote the effect of environmental conditions on growth especially water temperature and primary production, although the role of other factors could not be excluded, among them genetic and/or epigenetic ones.
Pinta: Latin America's Forgotten Disease?
Creators: name: Stamm, Lola V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Pinta is a neglected, chronic skin disease that was first described in the sixteenth century in Mexico. The World Health Organization lists 15 countries in Latin America where pinta was previously endemic. However, the current prevalence of pinta is unknown due to the lack of surveillance data. The etiological agent of pinta, Treponema carateum, cannot be distinguished morphologically or serologically from the not-yet-cultivable Treponema pallidum subspecies that cause venereal syphilis, yaws, and bejel. Although genomic sequencing has enabled the development of molecular techniques to differentiate the T. pallidum subspecies, comparable information is not available for T. carateum. Because of the influx of migrants and refugees from Latin America, U.S. physicians should consider pinta in the differential diagnosis of skin diseases in children and adolescents who come from areas where pinta was previously endemic and have a positive reaction in serological tests for syphilis. All stages of pinta are treatable with a single intramuscular injection of penicillin.