cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Sustained >100 MeV Gamma-ray Emission Associated with Solar Flares
Creators: name: Share, G. H.
name: Murphy, R. J.
name: Tolbert, A. K.
name: Dennis, B. R.
name: White, S. M.
name: Schwartz, R. A.
name: Tylka, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize and provide a catalog of thirty >100 MeV sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) events observed by Fermi LAT. These events are temporally and spectrally distinct from the associated solar flares. Their spectra are consistent with decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons and are not consistent with electron bremsstrahlung. SGRE start times range from CME onset to two hours later. Their durations range from about four minutes to twenty hours and appear to be correlated with durations of >100 MeV SEP proton events. The >300 MeV protons producing SGRE have spectra that can be fit with power laws with a mean index of ~4 and RMS spread of 1.8. Gamma-ray line measurements indicate that SGRE proton spectra are steeper above 300 MeV than they are below 300 MeV. The number of SGRE protons >500 MeV is on average about ten times more than then the number in the associated flare and about fifty to one hundred times less than the number in the accompanying SEP. SGRE can extend tens of degrees from the are site. Sustained bremsstrahlung from MeV electrons was observed in one SGRE event. Flare >100 keV X-ray emission appears to be associated with SGRE and with intense SEPs. From this observation, we provide arguments that lead us to propose that sub-MeV to MeV protons escaping from the flare contribute to the seed population that is accelerated by shocks onto open field lines to produce SEPs and onto field lines returning to the Sun to produce SGRE.
description: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 32 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables; appendices,50 pages, 35 figures, 2 tables
Inverse scattering of electromagnetic waves by multilayered structures: Uniqueness in TM mode
Creators: name: Elschner, Johannes
name: Hu, Guanghui
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Inverse electromagnetic scattering
subject: uniqueness
subject: piecewise homogeneous medium
subject: TM mode
subject: periodic structure
subject: 35R30
subject: 78A46

description: Assume a time-harmonic electromagnetic wave is scattered by an infinitely long cylindrical conductor surrounded by an unknown piecewise homogenous medium remaining invariant along the cylinder axis. We prove that, in TM mode, the far field patterns for all observation directions at a fixed frequency uniquely determine the unknown surrounding medium as well as the shape of the cylindrical conductor. A similar uniqueness result is obtained for the scattering by multilayered penetrable periodic structures in a piecewise homogenous medium. The periodic interfaces and refractive indices can be uniquely identified from the near field data measured only above (or below) the structure for all quasi-periodic incident waves with a fixed phase-shift. The proofs are based on the singularity of the Green function to a two dimensional elliptic equation with piecewise constant leading coefficients.
VLA 8.4-GHz monitoring observations of the CLASS gravitational lens B1933+503
Creators: name: Biggs, A. D.
name: Xanthopoulos, E.
name: Browne, I. W. A.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex ten-component gravitational lens system B1933+503 has been monitored with the VLA during the period February to June 1998 with a view to measuring the time delay between the four compact components and hence to determine the Hubble parameter. Here we present the results of an `A' configuration 8.4-GHz monitoring campaign which consists of 37 epochs with an average spacing of 2.8 days. The data have yielded light curves for the four flat-spectrum radio components (components 1, 3, 4 and 6). We observe only small flux density changes in the four flat-spectrum components which we do not believe are predominantly intrinsic to the source. Therefore the variations do not allow us to determine the independent time delays in this system. However, the data do allow us to accurately determine the flux density ratios between the four flat-spectrum components. These will prove important as modelling constraints and could prove crucial in future monitoring observations should these data show only a monotonic increase or decrease in the flux densities of the flat-spectrum components.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 5 pages, 2 included PostScript figures
The compressible viscous surface-internal wave problem: stability and vanishing surface tension limit
Creators: name: Jang, Juhi
name: Tice, Ian
name: Yanjin  Wang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the dynamics of two layers of compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid lying atop one another. The lower fluid is bounded below by a rigid bottom, and the upper fluid is bounded above by a trivial fluid of constant pressure. This is a free boundary problem: the interfaces between the fluids and above the upper fluid are free to move. The fluids are acted on by gravity in the bulk, and at the free interfaces we consider both the case of surface tension and the case of no surface forces. We establish a sharp nonlinear global-in-time stability criterion and give the explicit decay rates to the equilibrium. When the upper fluid is heavier than the lower fluid along the equilibrium interface, we characterize the set of surface tension values in which the equilibrium is nonlinearly stable. Remarkably, this set is non-empty, i.e. sufficiently large surface tension can prevent the onset of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. When the lower fluid is heavier than the upper fluid, we show that the equilibrium is stable for all non-negative surface tensions and we establish the zero surface tension limit.
Modeling the orientation distribution function by mixtures of angular central Gaussian distributions
Creators: name: Tabelow, Karsten
name: Voss, Henning U.
name: Polzehl, Jörg
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: diffusion weighted imaging
subject: high angular resolution
subject: orientation distribution function
subject: angular central Gaussian distribution
subject: tensor mixture model
subject: order selection
subject: 62P10
subject: 92C55
subject: 62H11
subject: 62H35
subject: 62G05

description: In this paper we develop a tensor mixture model for diffusion weighted imaging data using an automatic model selection criterion for the order of tensor components in a voxel. We show that the weighted orientation distribution function for this model can be expanded into a mixture of angular central Gaussian distributions. We show properties of this model in extensive simulations and in a high angular resolution experimental data set. The results suggest that the model may improve imaging of cerebral fiber tracts. We demonstrate how inference on canonical model parameters may give rise to new clinical applications.
Synthetic Dynamic Spectra with Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Zheng, Zihe
name: Hoang, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Generative Adversarial Networks, Dynamic Spectra

description: In recent years, neural networks are utilized to search for radio technosignatures that are narrow-band, drifting signals in the dynamic spectra (or “waterfall plots''). Due to the rare occurrence of known extraterrestrial artificial signals, one will likely not have sufficient actual data to train the neural network, and synthetic data will therefore be needed. A new way of generating synthetic data is to employ the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) method, which consists of two networks: the generator network will train to generate new examples, and the discriminator network will try to classify examples as either real or fake. These two models are trained together, competing until the generator network can generate plausible examples. We present a GAN model that generates synthetic waterfall plots that can be used in the training of classification networks. Our approach is developed and tested on clean/noisy spectrogram data that contains constant signal.
Evaluation of Food Security in Morocco through the Analysis of Economic Dependency Rate Using the VAR Econometric Model
Creators: name: Mokhtari, Noureddine
name: Azzouzi, Y
name: Guenbib, W
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Food security
VAR model
Economic dependency rate
Variance decomposition

description: Food security is a complex and dynamic global concept that has evolved beyond mere self-sufficiency to encompass economic, political, social, ecological, cultural, and technical aspects. The main objective of this study is to develop an econometric model to assess food security in Morocco over the period from 1980 to 2021.The variables of interest include the economic dependency rate as an indicator of food security, the price of soft wheat on global markets, agricultural gross domestic product (GDP), the dependency rate on wheat imports in quantity, the food price index, and precipitation.The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) approach was used to analyze these time series, applying Granger causality tests, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition. The main results show a bidirectional causal relationship between food security and the dependency rate on imports in quantity, as well as a unidirectional causal relationship between food security and agricultural GDP, the price of soft wheat on global markets, and the food price index.The impulse response functions and variance decomposition confirm these causal relationships, showing that food security reacts quickly and intensely to shocks in the dependency rate on imports in quantity compared to other variables. Furthermore, the dependency rate on imports of soft and durum wheat contributes the most to the variance of the forecast error of food security, highlighting the importance of imports in ensuring the country's food security by compensating for internal production deficits.These results are consistent with the Moroccan reality, where a significant portion of GDP is devoted to food imports, confirming the country's reliance on imports for its food security.
Rectification in one--dimensional electronic systems
Creators: name: Braunecker, Bernd
name: Feldman, D. E.
name: Marston, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymmetric current--voltage ($I(V)$) curves, known as the diode or rectification effect, in one--dimensional electronic conductors can have their origin from scattering off a single asymmetric impurity in the system. We investigate this effect in the framework of the Tomonaga--Luttinger model for electrons with spin. We show that electron interactions strongly enhance the diode effect and lead to a pronounced current rectification even if the impurity potential is weak. For strongly interacting electrons and not too small voltages, the rectification current, $I_r = [I(V)+I(-V)]/2$, measuring the asymmetry in the current--voltage curve, has a power--law dependence on the voltage with a negative exponent, $I_r \sim V^{-|z|}$, leading to a bump in the current--voltage curve.
description: 9 pages; 3 figures
The stochastic encounter-mating model
Creators: name: Gün, Onur
name: Yilmaz, Atilla
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: population dynamics
subject: pair formation
subject: encounter-mating
subject: assortive mating
subject: random mating
subject: panmixia
subject: homogamy
subject: heterogamy
subject: monogamy
subject: mating preferences
subject: mating pattern
subject: contingency table
subject: multiple hypergeometric distribution
subject: simple point processes
subject: Poisson process
subject: Bernoulli process
subject: 92D25
subject: 60J28
subject: 60G55

description: We propose a new model of permanent monogamous pair formation in zoological populations comprised of kge 2 types of females and males, which unifies and generalizes the encounter-mating models of Gimelfarb (1988). In our model, animals randomly encounter members of the opposite sex at their so-called firing times to form temporary pairs which then become permanent if mating happens. Given the distributions of the firing times and the mating preferences upon encounter, which depend on the sex and the type of the animals, we analyze the contingency table Q(t) of permanent pair types at any time tge 0. First, we consider definite mating upon encounter and provide a formula for the distribution of Q(t). In particular, at the terminal time T, the so-called mating pattern Q(T) has a multiple hypergeometric distribution. This implies panmixia which means that female and male types are uncorrelated in the expected mating pattern. Next, when the firing times come from Poisson and Bernoulli point processes, we formulate conditions that characterize panmixia. Moreover, when these conditions are satisfied, the underlying parameters of the model can be changed to yield definite mating upon encounter, and our results for the latter case carry over. Finally, when k=2, we fully characterize heterogamy/panmixia/homogamy, i.e., negative/zero/positive correlation of same type females and males in the expected mating pattern. We thereby rigorously prove, strengthen and generalize Gimelfarb's results.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Tontenant (c. 1504), Cart. 184 (11 H 987), 105 folios, f. 0144
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Tontenant (c. 1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 184 (11 H 987), 105 folios, f. 0144, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Tontenant (c. 1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 184 (11 H 987), 105 folios, f. 0144, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Finite element method to fluid-solid interaction problems with unbounded periodic interfaces
Creators: name: Hu, Guanghui
name: Rathsfeld, Andreas
name: Yin, Tao
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: fluid-solid interaction
subject: periodic structure
subject: variational approach
subject: Helmholtz equation
subject: Lamé system
subject: convergence analysis
subject: Rayleigh expansion
subject: 78A45
subject: 35Q74
subject: 74F10
subject: 35B27

description: Consider a time-harmonic acoustic plane wave incident onto a doubly periodic (biperiodic) surface from above. The medium above the surface is supposed to be filled with a homogeneous compressible inviscid fluid of constant mass density, whereas the region below is occupied by an isotropic and linearly elastic solid body characterized by its Lamé constants. This paper is concerned with a variational approach to the fluid-solid interaction problems with unbounded biperiodic Lipschitz interfaces between the domains of the acoustic and elastic waves. The existence of quasi-periodic solutions in Sobolev spaces is established at arbitrary frequency of incidence, while uniqueness is proved only for small frequencies or for all frequencies excluding a discrete set. A finite element scheme coupled with Dirichlet-to-Neumann mappings is proposed. The Dirichlet-to-Neumann mappings are approximated by truncated Rayleigh series expansions, and, finally, numerical tests in 2D are performed.
The compressible viscous surface-internal wave problem: nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Creators: name: Jang, Juhi
name: Tice, Ian
name: Yanjin  Wang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the dynamics of two layers of compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid lying atop one another. The lower fluid is bounded below by a rigid bottom, and the upper fluid is bounded above by a trivial fluid of constant pressure. This is a free boundary problem: the interfaces between the fluids and above the upper fluid are free to move. The fluids are acted on by gravity in the bulk, and at the free interfaces we consider both the case of surface tension and the case of no surface forces. We are concerned with the Rayleigh-Taylor instability when the upper fluid is heavier than the lower fluid along the equilibrium interface. When the surface tension at the free internal interface is below the critical value, we prove that the problem is nonlinear unstable.
Gauge Invariant Correlators in Non-Commutative Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Rozali, Moshe
name: Van Raamsdonk, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using perturbation theory, we explore the universal high momentum behavior of correlation functions of gauge invariant operators in planar noncommutative gauge theories. We find that the correlation functions are strongly enhanced when pairs of momenta become antiparallel. In particular, there is a transition from the previously noted exponential suppression of correlation functions at high momenta to a more field theoretic behavior when the momenta of pairs of operators antialign within a critical angle. Some of our calculations can be extrapolated to strong coupling, and in particular we are able to reproduce precisely the supergravity prediction for the behavior of two point functions, including the coupling dependence.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Single-session intervention on growth mindset on negative emotions for university student mental health (U-SIGMA): a protocol of two-armed randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhu, Shimin
name: Hu, Yuxi
name: Qi, Di
name: Qin, Nan
name: Chi, Xinli
name: Luo, Jiawen
name: Wu, Jie
name: Huang, Hua
name: Wu, Qiaobing
name: Yu, Lu
name: Ni, Shiguang
name: Hamilton, Kyra
name: Tse, Samson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist for Trials.
X-rays from Radio-Galaxies: BeppoSAX Observations
Creators: name: Grandi, Paola
name: Urry, C. Meg
name: Maraschi, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review BeppoSAX observations of X-ray bright radio-galaxies. Their X-ray spectra are quite varied, and perhaps surprisingly, any similarity between radio-loud AGN and Seyfert galaxies is the exception rather than the rule. When detected, reprocessing features (iron line and reflection) are generally weak, suggesting two possible scenarios: either: (1) non-thermal (jet?) radiation dilutes the X-ray emission from the disk in radio-loud objects, or (2) the solid angle subtended by the X-ray reprocessing material is smaller in radio-loud than in radio-quiet AGN due to different characteristics of the accretion disk itself.
description: 6 pages, to appear in `Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies', ed. J. Biretta et al., New Astronomy Reviews
The compressible viscous surface-internal wave problem: local well-posedness
Creators: name: Jang, Juhi
name: Tice, Ian
name: Yanjin  Wang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the dynamics of two layers of compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid lying atop one another. The lower fluid is bounded below by a rigid bottom, and the upper fluid is bounded above by a trivial fluid of constant pressure. This is a free boundary problem: the interfaces between the fluids and above the upper fluid are free to move. The fluids are acted on by gravity in the bulk, and at the free interfaces we consider both the case of surface tension and the case of no surface forces. We prove that the problem is locally well-posed. Our method relies on energy methods in Sobolev spaces for a collection of related linear and nonlinear problems.
Correlations in hypernuclear matter
Creators: name: Konrad, P.
name: Lenske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate short range correlations in nuclear and hypernuclear matter. Self-energies due to short range correlations and their influence on the nucleon and $Λ$-hyperon spectral functions are described in an approach accounting for a realistic treatment of mean-field dynamics and a self-consistently derived quasi-particle interaction. Landau-Migdal theory is used to derived the short range interaction from a phenomenological Skyrme energy density functional, subtracting the long range pionic contributions to the nucleonic spectral functions. We discuss our results for different hyperon-baryon ratios to show the influence of strangeness on the correlations in hypernuclear matter.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, proceedings for HYP06 in Mainz
The Chain Rule for Higher Derivatives
Creators: name: Noll, Walter
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Perhaps the most important theorem of elementary differential calculus is the Chain Rule. It states, roughly, that the composite of two differentiable functions is again differentiable, and it gives a formula for the derivative of this composite. A Chain Rule of Order n should state, roughly, that the composite of two functions that are n times differentiable is again n times differentiable, and it should give a formula for the n’th derivative of this composite. Many textbooks contain a Chain Rule of order 2 and perhaps 3, but I do not know of a single one that contains a Chain Rule of arbitrary order n with an explicit and useful formula. The main purpose of this paper is to derive such a formula.
Second-order subdifferential of 1- and maximum norm
Creators: name: Emich, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: second-order subdifferential
subject: polyhedral norms
subject: 49J52
subject: 49J53

description: We derive formulae for the second-order subdifferential of polyhedral norms. These formulae are fully explicit in terms of initial data. In a first step we rely on the explicit formula for the coderivative of normal cone mapping to polyhedra. Though being explicit, this formula is quite involved and difficult to apply. Therefore, we derive simple formulae for the 1-norm and -- making use of a recently obtained formula for the second-order subdifferential of the maximum function -- for the maximum norm.
First results of the ROSEBUD Dark Matter experiment
Creators: name: Cebrian, S.
name: Coron, N.
name: Dambier, G.
name: Garcia, E.
name: Gonzalez, D.
name: Irastorza, I. G.
name: Leblanc, J.
name: de Marcillac, P.
name: Morales, A.
name: Morales, J.
name: de Solorzano, A. Ortiz
name: Peruzzi, A.
name: Puimedon, J.
name: Sarsa, M. L.
name: Scopel, S.
name: Villar, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare Objects SEarch with Bolometers UndergrounD) is an experiment which attempts to detect low mass Weak Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) through their elastic scattering off Al and O nuclei. It consists of three small sapphire bolometers (of a total mass of 100 g) with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator operating at 20 mK in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. We report in this paper the results of several runs (of about 10 days each) with successively improved energy thresholds, and the progressive background reduction obtained by improvement of the radiopurity of the components and subsequent modifications in the experimental assembly, including the addition of old lead shields. Mid-term plans and perspectives of the experiment are also presented.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics
Computing and approximating multivariate chi-square probabilities
Creators: name: Stange, Jens
name: Loginova, Nina
name: Dickhaus, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bonferroni inequalities
subject: chain factorization
subject: correlation matrix
subject: effective number of tests
subject: linkage disequilibrium
subject: m-factorial matrix
subject: product-type probability approximations
subject: sub-Markovian
subject: Wishart matrix
subject: 60E05
subject: 60E15
subject: 62E17
subject: 65D20

description: We consider computational methods for evaluating and approximating multivariate chi-square probabilities in cases where the pertaining correlation matrix or blocks thereof have a low-factorial representation. To this end, techniques from matrix factorization and probability theory are applied. We outline a variety of statistical applications of multivariate chi-square distributions and provide a system of MATLAB programs implementing the proposed algorithms. Computer simulations demonstrate the accuracy and the computational efficiency of our methods in comparison with Monte Carlo approximations, and a real data example from statistical genetics illustrates their usage in practice.
Navigable maps of structural brain networks across species
Creators: name: Allard, Antoine
name: Serrano, M. Ángeles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Connectomes are spatially embedded networks whose architecture has been shaped by physical constraints and communication needs throughout evolution. Using a decentralized navigation protocol, we investigate the relationship between the structure of the connectomes of different species and their spatial layout. As a navigation strategy, we use greedy routing where nearest neighbors, in terms of geometric distance, are visited. We measure the fraction of successful greedy paths and their length as compared to shortest paths in the topology of connectomes. In Euclidean space, we find a striking difference between the navigability properties of mammalian and non-mammalian species, which implies the inability of Euclidean distances to fully explain the structural organization of their connectomes. In contrast, we find that hyperbolic space, the effective geometry of complex networks, provides almost perfectly navigable maps of connectomes for all species, meaning that hyperbolic distances are exceptionally congruent with the structure of connectomes. Hyperbolic maps therefore offer a quantitative meaningful representation of connectomes that suggests a new cartography of the brain based on the combination of its connectivity with its effective geometry rather than on its anatomy only. Hyperbolic maps also provide a universal framework to study decentralized communication processes in connectomes of different species and at different scales on an equal footing.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 2 supp. tables, 3 supp. appendices, 10 supp. figures
Field dependence of the vortex core size in a multi-band superconductor
Creators: name: Callaghan, F. D.
name: Laulajainen, M.
name: Kaiser, C. V.
name: Sonier, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field dependence of the vortex core size in the multi-band superconductor NbSe2 has been determined from muon spin rotation measurements. The spatially extended nature of the quasiparticle core states associated with the smaller gap leads to a rapid field-induced shrinkage of the core size at low fields, while the more tightly bound nature of the states associated with the larger gap leads to a field-independent core size for fields greater than 4 kOe. A simple model is proposed for the density of delocalized core states that establishes a direct relationship between the field-induced reduction of the vortex core size and the corresponding enhancement of the electronic thermal conductivity. We show that this model accurately describes both NbSe2 and the single-band superconductor V3Si.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Finiteness of PST self-dual models
Creators: name: Del Cima, Oswaldo M.
name: Piguet, Olivier
name: Sarandy, Marcelo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin model for describing chiral forms is considered at the quantum level. We study the ultraviolet and infrared behaviour of the model in two, four and six dimensions in the framework of algebraic renormalization. The absence of anomalies, as well as the finiteness, up to non-physical renormalizations, are shown in all dimensions analyzed.
description: 19 pages
Precise determination of low-Q nucleon electromagnetic form factors and their impact on parity-violating e-p elastic scattering
Creators: name: Arrington, John
name: Sick, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extraction of the strangeness form factors from parity violating elastic electron-proton scattering is sensitive to the electromagnetic form factors at low Q^2. We provide parameterizations for the form factors and uncertainties, including the effects of two-photon exchange corrections to the extracted EM form factors. We study effect of the correlations between different form factors, in particular as they impact the parity violating asymmetry and the extraction of the strangeness form factors. We provide a prescription to extract the strangeness form factors from the asymmetry that provides an excellent approximation of the full two-photon correction. The corrected form factors are also appropriate as input for other low-Q analyses, although the effects of correlations and two-photon exchange corrections may be different.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Starburst in the Ultra-luminous Galaxy Arp 220 - Constraints from Observations of Radio Recombination Lines and Continuum
Creators: name: Anantharamaiah, K. R.
name: Viallefond, F.
name: Mohan, Niruj R.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Zhao, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of radio recombination lines from the starburst galaxy Arp 220 at 1.4, 8.1, 84, 96 and 207 GHz (sensitive upper limit for the 1.4 GHz line and firm detections at the other frequencies), and the radio continuum spectrum between 330 MHz and 207 GHz. We show that a model with three components of ionized gas with different densities and area covering factors can consistently explain both RRL and continuum data. The total mass of ionized gas in the three components is 3 x 10^7 M_sun requiring 3 x 10^5 O5 stars with a total Lyman continuum production rate (NLyc) of 1.3 x 10^{55} photons /s. These values imply a dust extinction A_V ~ 45 magnitudes and an SFR of ~240 M_sun/yr. The NLyc of ~3% associated with the high density HII regions implies similar SFR at recent epochs. The data is also consistent with multiple starbursts of very high SFR and short durations. The derived value of 24 for the IR-excess favours a starburst rather than an AGN as the origin of the observed FIR luminosity. (the abstract has been abridged)
description: 45 pages including 12 figures, Latex format, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal, July 2000
An explanation of the formation of the peculiar periphery of Tycho's supernova remnant
Creators: name: Fang, Jun
name: Yu, Huan
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) has a periphery which clearly deviates from spherical shape bash on the X-ray and radio observations. The forward shock from the southeast to the north of the remnant has a relatively deformed outline with a depression in the east, although in the west it is generally round and smooth. Moreover, at some locations of the shell, the supernova ejecta distributes closely to the forward shock to produce protrusions. Using 3D hydrodynamical simulation, the dynamical evolution of the supernova ejecta in an inhomogeneous medium and the formation process of the profile of the forward shock can be studied. To reproduce the peculiar periphery of the remnant, we propose a model in which the supernova ejecta has evolved in a cavity blown by a latitude-dependent outflow. The results indicate that, with the assumptions of the wind bubble driven by the anisotropic wind with a mass loss rate of $\sim10^{-7} {\rm M_{\odot}}$~yr$^{-1}$, a pole velocity of $\sim 100$~km s$^{-1}$, a duration of $\sim10^5$~yr just before the supernova explosion, and a spatial velocity of $\sim 30$~km s$^{-1}$ of the progenitor with respect to the circumstellar medium, the depression to the east and the protrusion to the southeast on the observed periphery of the remnant can be generally reproduced. In conclusion, an explanation to the peculiar shape of the periphery of Tycho's SNR is the supernova ejecta evolved in the cavity driven by the latitude-dependent wind.
description: 8pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS, incorporates referee's comments
Complexity Theory, Game Theory, and Economics: The Barbados Lectures
Creators: name: Roughgarden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This document collects the lecture notes from my mini-course "Complexity Theory, Game Theory, and Economics," taught at the Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University, Holetown, Barbados, February 19--23, 2017, as the 29th McGill Invitational Workshop on Computational Complexity. The goal of this mini-course is twofold: (i) to explain how complexity theory has helped illuminate several barriers in economics and game theory; and (ii) to illustrate how game-theoretic questions have led to new and interesting complexity theory, including recent several breakthroughs. It consists of two five-lecture sequences: the Solar Lectures, focusing on the communication and computational complexity of computing equilibria; and the Lunar Lectures, focusing on applications of complexity theory in game theory and economics. No background in game theory is assumed.
description: Revised v2 from December 2019 corrects some errors in and adds some recent citations to v1 Revised v3 corrects a few typos in v2
Center manifold reduction approach for the lubrication equation
Creators: name: Kitavtsev, Georgy
name: Recke, Lutz
name: Wagner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: lubrication model
subject: invariant manifold
subject: coarsening dynamics
subject: 76D08
subject: 34E057
subject: 35B35

description: The goal of this study is the reduction of the lubrication equation, modelling thin film dynamics, onto an approximate invariant manifold. The reduction is derived for the physical situation of the late phase evolution of a dewetting thin liquid film, where arrays of droplets connected by an ultrathin film of thickness $eps$ undergo a slow-time coarsening dynamics. With this situation in mind, we construct an asymptotic approximation of the corresponding invariant manifold, that is parametrized by a family of droplet pressures and positions, in the limit when $epsto 0$. The approach is inspired by the paper by Mielke and Zelik [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 198, 2009], where the center manifold reduction was carried out for a class of semilinear systems. In this study this approach is considered for quasilinear degenerate parabolic PDE's such as lubrication equations. While it has previously been shown by Glasner and Witelski [Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 67, 2003], that the system of ODEs governing the coarsening dynamics, can be obtained via formal asymptotic methods, the center manifold reduction approach presented here, pursues the rigorous justification of this asymptotic limit.
Steering of Sub-GeV electrons by ultrashort Si and Ge bent crystals
Creators: name: Sytov, A. I.
name: Bandiera, L.
name: De Salvador, D.
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Bagli, E.
name: Berra, A.
name: Carturan, S.
name: Durighello, C.
name: Germogli, G.
name: Guidi, V.
name: Klag, P.
name: Lauth, W.
name: Maggioni, G.
name: Prest, M.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Tikhomirov, V. V.
name: Vallazza, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of the steering of 855 MeV electrons by bent silicon and germanium crystals at the MAinzer MIkrotron. 15 $μ$m long crystals, bent along (111) planes, were exploited to investigate orientational coherent effects. By using a piezo-actuated mechanical holder, which allowed to remotely change the crystal curvature, it was possible to study the steering capability of planar channeling and volume reflection vs. the curvature radius and the atomic number, Z. For silicon, the channeling efficiency exceeds 35 %, a record for negatively charged particles. This was possible due to the realization of a crystal with a thickness of the order of the dechanneling length. On the other hand, for germanium the efficiency is slightly below 10 % due to the stronger contribution of multiple scattering for a higher-Z material. Nevertheless this is the first evidence of negative beam steering by planar channeling in a Ge crystal. Having determined for the first time the dechanneling length, one may design a Ge crystal based on such knowledge providing nearly the same channeling efficiency of silicon. The presented results are relevant for crystal-based beam manipulation as well as for the generation of e.m. radiation in bent and periodically bent crystals.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C
Universal properties of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes and $π$-conjugated polymers
Creators: name: Zhao, H.
name: Mazumdar, S.
name: Sheng, C. -X.
name: Vardeny, Z. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the primary photoexcitations in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (S-SWCNTs) is of strong current interest. We have studied the emission spectra of S-SWCNTs and two different $π$-conjugated polymers in solutions and films, and have also performed ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy on these systems. The emission spectra relative to the absorption bands are very similar in S-SWCNTs and polymers, with redshifted photoluminescence in films showing exciton migration. The transient photoinduced absorptions (PAs) in SWCNTs and $π$-conjugated polymers are also remarkably similar, with a low energy PA$_1$ and a higher energy PA$_2$ in all cases. Theoretical calculations of excited state absorptions within a correlated $π$-electron Hamiltonian find the same excitonic energy spectrum for S-SWCNTs and $π$-conjugated polymers, illustrating the universal features of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in carbon-based $π$-conjugated systems. In both cases PA$_1$ is an excited state absorption from the optically allowed exciton to a two-photon exciton that occurs below the continuum band threshold. PA$_1$ therefore gives the lower limit of the binding energy of the lowest optical exciton. The binding energy of lowest exciton belonging to the widest S-SWCNTs with diameters $\geq$ 1 nm in films is 0.3--0.4 eV, as determined by both experimental and theoretical methods.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Spin coating of an evaporating polymer solution
Creators: name: Münch, Andreas
name: Please, Colin P.
name: Wagner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: free boundary problem
subject: asymptotic analysis
subject: numerical simulation
subject: 47.15.gm
subject: 47.85.md
subject: 61.25.he
subject: 66.20.Cy

description: We consider a mathematical model of spin coating of a single polymer blended in a solvent. The model describes the one-dimensional development of the thin layer of the mixture as the layer thins due to flow created by a balance of viscous forces and centrifugal forces and due to evaporation of the solvent. In the model both the diffusivity of the solvent in the polymer and the viscosity of the mixture are very rapidly varying functions of the solvent volume fraction. Guided by numerical solutions an asymptotic analysis reveals a number of different possible behaviours of the thinning layer dependent on the nondimensional parameters describing the system. The main practical interest is in controlling the appearance and development of a ``skin'' on the polymer where the solvent concentration reduces rapidly on the outer surface leaving the bulk of the layer still with high concentrations of solvent. The critical parameters controlling this behaviour are found to be $eps$ the ratio of the diffusion to advection time scales, $delta$ the ratio of the evaporation to advection time scales and $exp(-gamma)$, the ratio of the diffusivity of the initial mixture and the pure polymer. In particular, our analysis shows that for very small evaporation with $delta ll exp(-3/(4gamma)) eps^3/4$ skin formation can be prevented.
Taylor approximation of incomplete Radner equilibrium models
Creators: name: Choi, Jin Hyuk
name: Larsen, Kasper
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the setting of exponential investors and uncertainty governed by Brownian motions, we first prove the existence of an incomplete equilibrium for a general class of models. We then introduce a tractable class of exponential–quadratic models and prove that the corresponding incomplete equilibrium is characterized by a coupled set of Riccati equations. Finally, we prove that these exponential–quadratic models can be used to approximate the incomplete models we studied in the first part.
Connection times in large ad hoc mobile networks
Creators: name: Döring, Hanna
name: Faraud, Gabriel
name: König, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: ad-hoc networks
subject: connectivity
subject: random waypoint model
subject: dynamic continuum percolation
subject: large deviations
subject: 60K35
subject: 82C21
subject: 60J20
subject: 60F10

description: We study connectivity properties in a probabilistic model for a large mobile ad-hoc network. We consider a large number of participants of the system moving randomly, independently and identically distributed in a large domain, with a space-dependent population density of finite, positive order and with a fixed time horizon. Messages are instantly transmitted according to a relay principle, i.e., they are iteratedly forwarded from participant to participant over distances $leq 2R$, with $2R$ the communication radius, until they reach the recipient. In mathematical terms, this is a dynamic continuum percolation model. We consider the connection time of two sample participants, the amount of time over which these two are connected with each other. In the above thermodynamic limit, we find that the connectivity induced by the system can be described in terms of the counterplay of a local, random, and a global, deterministic mechanism, and we give a formula for the limiting behaviour. A prime example of the movement schemes that we consider is the well-known random waypoint model (RWP). Here we describe the decay rate, in the limit of large time horizons, of the probability that the portion of the connection time is less than the expectation.
Transform Analysis for Hawkes Processes with Applications in Dark Pool Trading
Creators: name: Gao, Xuefeng
name: Zhou, Xiang
name: Zhu, Lingjiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hawkes processes are a class of simple point processes that are self-exciting and have clustering effect, with wide applications in finance, social networks and many other fields. This paper considers a self-exciting Hawkes process where the baseline intensity is time-dependent, the exciting function is a general function and the jump sizes of the intensity process are independent and identically distributed non-negative random variables. This Hawkes model is non-Markovian in general. We obtain closed-form formulas for the Laplace transform, moments and the distribution of the Hawkes process. To illustrate the applications of our results, we use the Hawkes process to model the clustered arrival of trades in a dark pool and analyze various performance metrics including time-to-first-fill, time-to-complete-fill and the expected fill rate of a resting dark order.
On the Finiteness of the Derived Equivalence Classes of some Stable Endomorphism Rings
Creators: name: August, Jenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the stable endomorphism rings of rigid objects in a suitable Frobenius category have only finitely many basic algebras in their derived equivalence class and that these are precisely the stable endomorphism rings of objects obtained by iterated mutation. The main application is to the Homological Minimal Model Programme. For a 3-fold flopping contraction $f \colon X \to \mathrm{Spec}\ R$, where $X$ has only Gorenstein terminal singularities, there is an associated finite dimensional algebra $A_{\mathrm{con}}$ known as the contraction algebra. As a corollary of our main result, there are only finitely many basic algebras in the derived equivalence class of $A_{\mathrm{con}}$ and these are precisely the contraction algebras of maps obtained by a sequence of iterated flops from $f$. This provides evidence towards a key conjecture in the area.
description: 21 pages, accepted for publication in Mathematics Zeitschrift