Myotinae
Creators: name: Ruedi, Manuel
name: Csorba, Gábor
name: Lin, Liang- Kong
name: Chou, Cheng-Han
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae

description: Key to the Myotinae from Taiwan and adjacent mainland China
1 Size large, forearm 45 mm or more, upper toothrow (CM3) 7 mm or more..................................... 2
- Smaller size, forearm less than 45 mm, upper toothrow less than 7 mm ........................................ 8
2 Wing membranes distinctly particolored, rufous and blackish............................................... 3
- Wing membranes unicolored, brownish................................................................ 4
3 Ears conspicuously tipped and marginated with black; feet and thumbs entirely black; ventral fur tricolored (dark grey, pale rufous and bright reddish tips); second upper premolar in toothrow; breadth across molars ≤ 7.6 mm ............................................................................................ M. rufoniger (incl. watasei)
- Ears only faintly or not marginated with black; feet and thumbs essentially brown; ventral fur yellow, without rusty tips; second upper premolar crowded, displaced inwards from toothrow; breadth across molars> 7.5 mm .............................................................................................. M. formosus (incl. flavus)
4 Wing membrane attached to tibia; feet greatly enlarged, about size of tibia, with strongly curved claws............................................................................................... M. pilosus (= ricketti)
- Wing membrane attached to ankle or metatarsus; feet not enlarged, less than half tibia length, claws not strongly curved. 5
5 Very large, forearm ≥ 63 mm; belly dark greyish; massive teeth..................................... M. chinensis
- Smaller, forearm <63 mm; belly lighter colored.......................................................... 6
6 Long ears extending much beyond nose tip; forearm <48 mm; upper toothrow about 7 mm; rostrum broad and shortened........................................................................................ M. altarium
- Ears shorter, barely reaching nose tip.................................................................. 7
7 Medium size, forearm about 45 mm; long, straight tragus reaching beyond ear notch; distinctive fringe of stiff hairs along margin of uropatagium.................................................................... M. pequinius
- Larger size, forearm about 60 mm; shorter tragus reaching half ear size; no stiff hairs at uropatagium; colour pale brown above............................................................................................................................................................................... M. blythii ancilla
8 Wing membrane attached to ankle or base of metatarsus; feet larger than half of tibia length; feet and uropatagium hairy along tibia....................................................................................... 9
- Wing membrane attached near base of toe; smaller feet about half or less tibia length........................... 10
9 Size small, forearm less than 38 mm; ears relatively long, reaching beyond (about 5 mm) tip of nose; dorsal pelage greyishbrown, long and soft; upper canines weak, exceeding slightly the larger premolar in height.................. M. laniger
- Larger size, forearm 38 mm or more; ears relatively short, not reaching tip of nose; dorsal pelage short, richer brown; upper canines strong, much larger than premolars.................................... M. fimbriatus (incl. taiwanensis)
10 Size very small, forearm less than 35; tibia 15 mm or less................................................. 11
- Larger size, forearm more than 34; longer tibia, 15 mm or more............................................ 13
11 Second upper premolars crowded, displaced lingually from toothrow; canines strong; braincase globose; feet (incl. claw) 8 mm or more; lower molars myotodont.......................................................... M. davidii
- Second upper premolars not crowded, visible laterally; small feet (7 mm or less); first and second lower molars nyctalodont.............................................................................................. 12
12 Ears deeply notched; paraconule of third premolar reaching height of second premolar; canines longer than premolars; braincase flattened, distinctively raised behind.................................................. S. latirostris
- Ears without significant notch; small or no paraconule at third premolar; canines weak comparable in height to third premolars; braincase flattened, but not raised behind.............................................. M. alticraniatus 1 [1 the slightly larger Myotis badius, recently described from Yunnan (Tiunov et al. 2011) has also nyctalodont lower molars, but would be distinguished by a more domed, globose braincase]
13 Second upper premolar visible in lateral view; ears long, reaching nearly nose tip, without notable notch; rostrum not shortened; globose profile of braincase; forearm 38 mm or smaller.............................................. 14
- Second upper premolar displaced inwards, not visible laterally; ears short, with a distinct notch on rear edge; short rostrum with elevated forehead and angular braincase; forearm more than 38 mm ..................................... 16
14 Upper canines similar in height to the larger premolar; calcar short, smaller than half length of rear edge of uropatagium; dorsal fur with frosted appearance................................................................... 15
- Strong upper canines, much higher than premolars; calcar long, about ¾ of rear edge of uropatagium; dorsal fur dark brown without frosted appearance................................................................. M. horsfieldii
15 Upper and lower canines weak; inflated braincase with frontal part rising abruptly; distal part of rostrum rounded; endemic to SE China ............................................................................. M. sowerbyi
- Stronger canines; braincase rising gently from the rostrum to the apex; distal part of the rostrum more pointed; endemic to Taiwan ........................................................................... M. secundus sp. n.
16 Pelage dark brown, without frosted appearance; tail as long as head and body length; feet much less than half tibia length; tragus nearly reaching ear notch; forearm less than 42 mm ........................................... M. frater
- Pelage rich cinnamon red with golden tips of dorsal hairs giving a frosted appearance; tail clearly shorter than head and body length; feet about half tibia length; tragus clearly shorter than ear notch; forearm about 42 mm ...... M. soror sp. n.
description: Published as part of Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han, 2015, Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3920 (1) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/287922