Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Activism during Covid pandemic
Creators: name: Coen, Sharon
name: Vezzoli, Michela
name: Zogmaister, Cristina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: COVID-19; activism; protest; collective action;

description: This scoping review aims at exploring what we have learned so far on the topic of activism during - and after - COVID-19. This should serve as a background paper for a special issue entitled Global Perspectives on Activism during COVID-19. The authors draw up the following preregistration using the general-purpose registration form created by Van den Akker and colleagues (2020, v. 0.92). The form is available at: https://osf.io/preprints/metaarxiv/3nbea Metadata Target discipline: Political Psychology Title: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Activism and Covid Author(s) / contributor(s): Sharon Coen, Michela Vezzoli, and Cristina Zogmaister. The authors will contribute equally to this work. Tasks and roles: Each of the three authors will contribute to each aspect of the scooping review Review methods Type of review: Scoping review Review stages: 1. Identiﬁcation of the Keywords for the main search: a. Initial search in SCOPUS, WOS, PSYCARTICLES; keywords (“protest*” OR “activis*”) AND (“covid” OR “coronavirus”) b. Screening of titles, abstracts, and keywords 2. Specify the research question and methodology 3. Pre-Registration 4. Main extraction using the databases 5. Elimination of duplicates 6. Abstract and title screening to eliminate the oﬀ topic papers 7. Evaluation of quality 8. Analysis 9. Synthesis 10.Write-up Current review stage: Phase 3: Preregistration Start date: 📅 Phase 1: June 18th, 2021; Phase 4: July 23rd, 2021 End date: 📅 October 17th, 2021 Background: This review aims at exploring what we have learned so far on the topic of activism during - and after - COVID-19. This should serve as a background paper for a special issue entitled Global Perspectives on Activism during COVID-19 (see https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/21210/global-perspectives-on-activism-during-covi d-19#overview). Primary research question(s): This review aims at synthesizing the existing theoretical and methodological approaches adopted by researchers to empirically explore activism in the context of COVID-19. Software: Rayyan Funding: None Conﬂicts of interest: None Overlapping authorships: None Search strategy Databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO. Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: a) Published in 2020 or 2021; b) Empirical Work (both quantitative and qualitative) clearly outlined in the abstract; c) Language is English; d) Only published articles and preprints will be considered; e) Data were collected during the COVID pandemic. Exclusion criteria: a) The abstract does not refer to data collection; b) Does not directly address COVID-19 and activism as a core aspect; c) Does not directly address activism as a core aspect; d) Studies deemed to be of low methodological rigour (i.e. quality evaluation is less than 3 on a 1-5 scale) will be excluded. Query strings: ("COVID-19" OR "pandemic" OR "coronavirus" OR "2019-ncov" OR "sars-cov-2" OR "cov-19") AND ("protest*" OR "activis*" OR "collective action" ) Search validation procedure: We performed a Google Scholar search using the search terms “protest activism covid pandemic” to make sure the most inﬂuential papers in the area (as determined by the search algorithm) were present in our search. The top 5 papers listed were: 1. Zajak, S., Stjepandić, K., &amp; Steinhilper, E. (2021). Pro-migrant protest in times of COVID-19: intersectional boundary spanning and hybrid protest practices. European Societies, 23(sup1), S172-S183. 2. Cobbina, J., LaCourse, A., Brooke, E. J., &amp; Chaudhuri, S. (2021). Protesting During a Pandemic: Narratives on Risk Taking and Motivation to Participating in the 2020 March on Washington. Crime &amp; Delinquency, 67(8), 1195-1220. 3. Wakeﬁeld, J. R. H., Bowe, M., &amp; Kellezi, B. (2021). Thy will be done: Exploring the longitudinal rewards of religious group membership enactment during volunteering. British Journal of Social Psychology. DOI:10.1111/bjso.12478 4. Carlsen, H. B., Toubøl, J., &amp; Brincker, B. (2021). On solidarity and volunteering during the COVID-19 crisis in Denmark: the impact of social networks and social media groups on the distribution of support. European Societies, 23(sup1), S122-S140. 5. Borbáth, E., Hunger, S., Hutter, S., &amp; Oana, I. E. (2021). Civic and Political Engagement during the Multifaceted COVID‐19 Crisis. Swiss Political Science Review. DOI: 10.1111/spsr.12446. We expect to ﬁnd these in our searches. Procedures to contact authors: Not relevant for the Scoping Review. Screening Screening stages: We will eliminate the papers outside of the scope of this review, as indicated in the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Firstly, based on title, abstract, keywords, and metadata (i.e., year, language) we will exclude materials that meet the following criteria: 1. All papers published before 2020; 2. Papers in languages other than English; 3. Materials diﬀerent from published articles and preprints. 4. Papers that do not include empirical work; 5. No data being used; Next, based on the full manuscript, we will exclude materials that meet the following criteria: 6. Data were collected before the COVID pandemic; 7. Does not directly address COVID-19 as a core aspect; 8. Does not directly address activism as a core aspect; 9. Studies deemed to be of low methodological rigour (i.e. quality evaluation is less than 3 on a 1-5 scale) will be excluded. Screened ﬁelds / blinding: Title, abstract, language, metadata - although the software provides info on the authors, this is not considered in the screening phase. Screening reliability: Interrater reliability will be assessed both at initial screening phase and consequent quality assessment, as well as analysis phase by recoding 10% of the material considered by each coder. Screening reconciliation procedure: Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion with the aim of reaching a unanimous decision. Sampling and sample size: All materials meeting our criteria will be considered. Data management and sharing: Data management will be conducted through Rayyan. The results will be made available in .csv format on osf.io upon publication. Synthesis and Quality Assessment Quality assessment: a. understandable language; b. clear theoretical framework; c. clear deﬁnition of constructs; d. clear and detailed methodology; e. the design allows to answer the research question. Synthesis plan: Articles will be classiﬁed on the basis of the theoretical framework of reference and the methods adopted. Using content analysis, we will synthesize the literature on the basis of following criteria: - Topic of the protest/activism; - Theoretical framework; - Variables of interest; - Methods; - Main results (lessons learned).