cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Far-infrared spectral radiance studies: Application to water vapour and cirrus
Creators: name: Fox, Cathryn
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents the analysis of high-resolution spectral radiances recorded using the Imperial College Tropospheric Airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TAFTS) instrument, which uniquely has the ability to record high resolution in-situ measurements, both up-welling and down-welling, in the far-infrared spectral region 80-800cm-1. The TAFTS data used in this work has been recorded during two diverse field campaigns, one ground-based, and one onboard the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft. The far-infrared spectral region has been shown to have a dominant contribution to the radiative cooling of the planet to space. Atmospheric water vapour is known to absorb radiation in a pure rotation band in the far-infrared, and also exhibits a background slowly-varying absorption known as the water vapour continuum. Observations of far-infrared radiances made by TAFTS during the Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign (RHUBC) in Barrow, Alaska, are compared to simulations using line-by-line radiative transfer models in order to validate the current water vapour continuum parameterisation. Results presented here show that the current MT-CKD v2.5 parameterisation is accurately representing the water vapour continuum at wavenumbers between 350-500 cm-1. This thesis also considers the radiative effect of cirrus clouds in the far-infrared. These clouds have an important influence on current climate, and are known to scatter and absorb radiation in the infrared, however currently there have been relatively few measurements of the cirrus radiative effect in the far-infrared spectral region. Presented here are mid- and far-infrared observations of the radiative signature of cirrus recorded using the TAFTS and the UK Met Office Airborne Research Interferometer Evaluation System (ARIES) instruments, during the first phase of the aircraft-based Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX), which flew out of Prestwick, Scotland in November 2013. These spectral measurements were compared to simulations using the LBLDIS model, which utilises cirrus scattering databases developed by Baum et al. at the SSEC, University of Wisconsin-Madison. This work represents the first time that the consistency of these databases have been tested across the entire infrared region. It was found that the model was underestimating brightness temperatures in the region 330-600 cm-1, and that further work is required in this region.
Mapping the need for adaptation: assessing drought vulnerability using the livelihood vulnerability index approach in a mid-hill region of Nepal
Creators: name: Janardan Mainali
name: Pricope, Narcisa G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For effective development and adaptation interventions in resource-poor regions to take place, it is critical to identify, at the highest spatial scale possible, regions of higher priority based on current needs and vulnerabilities. The index-based assessment of vulnerability to climate change and variability is typically used to identify administrative-level regions of high vulnerability using various socioeconomic and biophysical datasets. One method that combines both approaches at the community level consists of collecting highly resolved socio-economic data and using the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) to assess population vulnerability to increased climate variability and shocks. We use this mixed-methods approach in mapping climate vulnerability of ten drought-prone villages in the central-east mid-hill region of Nepal. We integrate data from over 900 household surveys and national-level databases and identify spatial patterns in the different components of climate vulnerability. We assess to what extent climatic extremes or people's socioeconomic capacity contribute to vulnerability and may shape development needs at the sub-district scale. We find that the majority of our study area falls in the high vulnerability category with significant spatial variation. In some villages, there are different vulnerability classes in different wards, indicating that even within the lowest administrative units, there is a significant spatial variation in the level of vulnerability. Livelihood strategies, water availability, and topographic components played the most important role in determining overall vulnerability and we measure strong interconnections among different components. The interconnectedness nature of different vulnerability components is creating a self-reinforcing downward spiral of vulnerability that traps local communities in a state of heightened vulnerability. We conclude that adaptation strategies in highly vulnerable regions should include careful consideration of different livelihoods and environmental components, their fine-scale spatial variations, and interconnections.
Additional file 6 of Exosomal microRNAs are novel circulating biomarkers in cigarette, waterpipe smokers, E-cigarette users and dual smokers
Creators: name: Singh, Kameshwar P.
name: Maremanda, Krishna P.
name: Li, Dongmei
name: Rahman, Irfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 6. Differential expressed microRNAs from plasma exosomes of waterpipe smokers in comparison to cigarette smokers.
Design principles for a Circular Built Environment
Creators: name: Zabek, Magdalena
Publisher: name: InnovaWood
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: AEGIR
subject: façades
subject: envelopes
subject: renovation
subject: building
subject: Sustainable building
subject: Renewable energy
subject: Bioeconomy

description: Design principles for a Circular Built Environment: Component requirements and design guidelines

Contents:

Anthropocene

Goals

Circular economy is an industrial model restorative by intention

Cradle to Cradle approach

Strategies enabling circular material flows

Design paths

Circular Built Environment

Resource transition through Renovation

European Renovation wave

AEGIR‘s objectives

Level of functionality

Key Performance Indicator for AEGIR

Designing with uncertainty

Circularity Road Map

Mapping of resource flows

Circularity Potential

Next steps for AEGIR
Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of Ytterbium and Caesium
Creators: name: Freytag, Ruben
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents progress toward the production of ultracold CsYb molecules. To this end, an apparatus capable of producing magneto optical traps of Yb and Cs was designed, built and tested. Both atoms are produced in a dual species oven and both slowed to low speeds by a single Zeeman slower. From the Zeeman slower atoms are captured in a dual-species magneto-optical trap. To cool caesium the 852 nm D2 transition is addressed by two lasers for cooling and repump. For ytterbium the 399 nm 1S0 ⇒ 1P1 transition is addressed for the Zeeman slower and the 556 nm 1S0 ⇒ 3P1 transition is addressed for the magneto-optical trap. The 399 nm light is produced by two homebuilt diode lasers in an injection-seeding setup, which can produce up to 100 mW. The 556 nm light is produced from a commercial frequency doubled fiber laser, which can produce up to 260 mW. The Zeeman slower is characterised experimentally for both Cs and Yb, and the results compared to those of a numerical simulation of the slower for Yb. The velocity distribution exiting the slower is very sensitive to the exact magnetic field profile, the laser power and detuning of the laser light. The number of atoms loaded into the magneto-optical trap was investigated as a function of the magnetic field gradient, the laser power and the laser detuning. The capture velocity of the Yb MOT is small because the linewidth of the MOT transition is narrow, and so we investigated the influence of broadening the laser linewidth by adding multiple finely-spaced sidebands to the laser light. After optimisation the caesium MOT trapped 5.5 ×10^8 atoms at 125 ± 4 μK. The ytterbium MOT trapped 4.7 ×10^9 atoms at 81 ± 2 μK. Lastly we demonstrate that both MOTs can be produced in the same vacuum chamber simultaneously.
Spectroscopic observations of the eclipsing Polar MN Hya (RX J0929--24)
Creators: name: Ramsay, G.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present low--medium resolution optical spectroscopy of the eclipsing AM Her system MN Hya (RX J0929--24). We determine the magnetic field strength at the primary accretion region of the white dwarf to be 42MG from the spacing of cyclotron features visible during ~0.4--0.7. From spectra taken during the eclipse we find that the secondary has a M3--4 spectral type. Combined with the eclipse photometry of Sekiguchi, Nakada & Bassett and an estimate of the interstellar extinction we find a distance of ~300--700pc. We find unusual line variations at phase ~0.9: Halpha is seen in absorption and emission. This is at the same point in the orbital phase that a prominent absorption dip is seen in soft X-rays.
description: accepted by MNRAS, 7 pages, 5 figs
Assessment of ultrasonic inspection techniques and models for nuclear power plant components
Creators: name: Gebru, Hezekiah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Reliable detection and sizing of small and complex flaws is paramount in safety critical Nuclear Steam Raising Plant (NSRP) components and the pressure vessels of Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR). Also accurate modelling approaches are fundamental to understand the propagation and the scattering of ultrasonic waves from defects to aid interpretation of their ultrasonic responses. The objectives of this work are twofold: firstly, to assess the reliability of existing ultrasonic inspection techniques in detection and sizing of small and complex defects in ferritic steel. Secondly, to validate the finite element (FE) and CIVA simulation methods in modelling propagation of ultrasonic waves and scattering from geometrically simple defects. Experimental results have shown that the Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique is effective in locating and sizing linear cracks in welded ferritic components, though not arrays of small pores, and under-clad carbon cracks. It has also been shown that the pulse-echo phased array technique is efficient for defect detection. The TFM post-processed FMC data produces images of defects with a superior resolution than the pulse-echo phased array technique. Finite element simulations of waves in isotropic and transversely isotropic steels have predicted wave speeds agreeing well with theory. Similarly, the bulk elastic velocities in isotropic steel using the commercial simulation software CIVA have been found to be in close agreement with theory, however, significant discrepancies were found in the shear velocities in the transversely isotropic steel. The validations of the FE and CIVA modelling techniques for scattering from a small circular hole and a semi-infinite crack were performed. The FE predictions of the scattered and diffracted fields were in good agreement with analytical solutions. The corresponding CIVA predictions also agreed well with theory, though not close to the specular direction and at large receiving angles. Finally, FE and CIVA simulations of the TOFD technique were carried out on an ultrasonically smooth crack and a pore. The results were presented as B-scan images; the simulated B-scan images were in harmony with the experimental studies.
Bracketing the impact of astrophysical uncertainties on local dark matter searches
Creators: name: Ibarra, Alejandro
name: Kavanagh, Bradley J.
name: Rappelt, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical interpretation of dark matter (DM) experiments is hindered by uncertainties on the dark matter density and velocity distribution inside the Solar System. In order to quantify those uncertainties, we present a parameter that characterizes the deviation of the true velocity distribution from the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann form, and we then determine for different values of this parameter the most aggressive and most conservative limits on the dark matter scattering cross section with nuclei; uncertainties in the local dark matter density can be accounted for trivially. This allows us to bracket, in a model independent way, the impact of astrophysical uncertainties on limits from direct detection experiments and/or neutrino telescopes. We find that current limits assuming the Standard Halo Model are at most a factor of $\sim 2$ weaker than the most aggressive possible constraints. In addition, combining neutrino telescope and direct detection constraints (in a statistically meaningful way), we show that limits on DM in the mass range $\sim 10 - 1000$ GeV cannot be weakened by more than around a factor of 10, for all possible velocity distributions. We finally demonstrate that our approach can also be employed in the event of a DM discovery, allowing us to avoid bias in the reconstruction of the DM properties.
description: 25 pages, 6 Figures. v2: Matches version published in JCAP
Additional file 10 of Exosomal microRNAs are novel circulating biomarkers in cigarette, waterpipe smokers, E-cigarette users and dual smokers
Creators: name: Singh, Kameshwar P.
name: Maremanda, Krishna P.
name: Li, Dongmei
name: Rahman, Irfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 10. Differential expressed tRNAs from plasma exosomes of cigarette smokers in comparison to non-smokers.
Nano-structured carbon materials for energy generation and storage
Creators: name: Pham, Kien Cuong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: A nano-structured carbon material referred to as Graphene-Carbon Nanotube hybrid is developed for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. The hybrid is obtained by catalyst-free growth of free-standing graphene on CNT scaffolds. The hybrid combines the advantageous properties of constituent materials, including an ultra-high density of graphitic edges of graphene and a porous structure of CNTs. As a catalyst support for platinum in PEM fuel cells, the hybrid shows both enhanced catalytic activity and superior stability compared to a commercial carbon black-supported platinum catalyst. The hybrid is also used as a support material for amorphous molybdenum sulfide in supercapacitor and hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst applications. As a supercapacitor electrode material, the hybrid shows high specific capacitance and good stability. As a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, the hybrid is one of the most active non-precious catalysts ever reported. FIB-SEM tomography is used to reconstruct the porous 3D structure of carbon electrodes.
Optimal Pure-State Qubit Tomography via Sequential Weak Measurements
Creators: name: Shojaee, Ezad
name: Jackson, Christopher S.
name: Riofrio, Carlos A.
name: Kalev, Amir
name: Deutsch, Ivan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-coherent-state positive-operator-valued-measure (POVM) is a fundamental measurement in quantum science, with applications including tomography, metrology, teleportation, benchmarking, and measurement of Husimi phase space probabilities. We prove that this POVM is achieved by collectively measuring the spin projection of an ensemble of qubits weakly and isotropically. We apply this in the context of optimal tomography of pure qubits. We show numerically that through a sequence of weak measurements of random directions of the collective spin component, sampled discretely or in a continuous measurement with random controls, one can approach the optimal bound.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Insertion techniques for peripherally inserted central catheters and the occurrence of failures: an integrative review
Creators: name: Zaparolli, Kamila
name: Silveira, Renata
name: Vieira, Leticia
name: Fernandes, Daiane
name: Santos, Bruna
name: Margatho, Amanda
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Complications
subject: Failures
subject: Insertion Techniques
subject: Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters

description: Integratie review to analyze the main complications, in the medium and long term, resulting from the insertion technique of the PICC
Sewa Singh Mandla: a biographical interview
Creators: name: Tatla, Darshan Singh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Sewa Singh Mandla: a biographical interview
Contextualising simulation: the use of patient-focused hybrid simulation for clinical skills education
Creators: name: Kyaw Tun, Jimmy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis documents a research programme into the use of Patient-Focused Hybrid Simulation (PFHS) for clinical skills education. PFHS is an approach to simulating clinical skills that combines a simulated patient (SP) with a part-task trainer (PTT) embedding the simulation of procedural skills within a more holistic clinical context, potentially overcoming some of the shortcomings of single modality simulation. Although promising, there remains limited evidence supporting its use. Two studies were conducted using a mixed-method approach. The first study was based on the simulation of the management of a traumatic skin laceration and consisted of two parts: 1) investigating the use of PFHS as a means of introducing clinical challenge by modifying the clinical context in which a procedure is performed; 2) exploring clinician’s perception of the use of PFHS and PTT for assessing of clinical competence. These findings suggest that by changing the clinical context in which a procedure is performed, PFHS can potentially be used to objectively simulate challenge. It also demonstrated that PFHS when compared to PTT simulations was better able to induce authentic clinical behaviour within the simulation. Central to this is the presence of a human being (SP). The second study compared the use of PFHS to patients for the training and assessment of cardiovascular examination skills. Within the limitations of this study, no significant difference was observed between PFHS and real patient-trained students in terms of their post-training performance of cardiovascular examination on real patients. There also appeared to be degree of concurrent validity between assessment of competency with PFHS and with real patients when conducted as an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The work presented provides additional evidence to the existing literature to support the use of PFHS in clinical skills education. However, it also raises a multitude of questions particularly of how PFHS as well as simulation in general should be used and future directions for simulation research.
Tomorrow’s Technocultures: A Study in Experiential Futures
Creators: name: Khoshoo, Amrita
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120302 Design Innovation
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: With the nearing Intelligence Revolution, AI will be atransformative technology and a potential existentialthreat. As the AI community is attempting to thoughtfullyapproach development, the public needs more positiveand informed cultural narratives to meaningfully engagewith AI. Those that currently dominate the story landscapedepict mythical futures that play into humanity’s greatest fears. These dominant negative images are significant as they may affect the public's ability to shape the future of a technology that may only increase in influence.
Using the Ethnographic Experiential Futures methodology,this thesis seeks to contribute to pluralizing the narrowAI narrative landscape by bringing more positive, hopefulimages to life. This study seeks to surface alternativeimages of the future from AI and ML experts. Inspired by acollective imagination, this project ends with the creationof CTRL+Z(ine), an artifact from the future that hints at apossible, more hopeful future world. Engagement with thisartifact is meant to encourage insights that might fostermore positive, informed relationships with a potentiallytransformative technology.
Prospects for Detection of Extra-Solar Giant Planets by Next-Generation Telescopes
Creators: name: Burrows, A.
name: Saumon, D.
name: Guillot, T.
name: Hubbard, W. B.
name: Lunine, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest among astronomers in the detection of extra-solar planets is accelerating with the growing realization that it may soon be technically feasible. The ongoing renaissance in telescope construction and the anticipated launches of new space platforms are encouraging many scientists to review and improve the means by which planets can be discovered. The direct detection of the light from a distant planet would be the most compelling means of discovery and to gauge the feasibility of various search strategies, astronomers have traditionally used the current Jupiter as a benchmark planet. However, in principle, extra-solar giant planets (EGPs) can have a wide range of masses and, hence, can be significantly brighter than Jupiter. Furthermore, the maximum mass a planet can have is not known a priori, and observations will be needed to determine it. We predict the optical and infrared fluxes of EGPs with masses from 0.3 through 15 Jupiter masses and ages from 10$^7$ through $5 \times 10^{9}$ years that searches in the next few years may reveal.
description: 9 pages, Plain TeX, 3 figures, published in Nature (May 25'th, 1995)
A novel method for early gear pitting fault diagnosis using stacked SAE and GBRBM
Creators: name: Li, J
name: Li, X
name: He, David
name: Qu, Y
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed Computing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Research on data-driven fault diagnosis methods has received much attention in recent years. The deep belief network (DBN) is a commonly used deep learning method for fault diagnosis. In the past, when people used DBN to diagnose gear pitting faults, it was found that the diagnosis result was not good with continuous time domain vibration signals as direct inputs into DBN. Therefore, most researchers extracted features from time domain vibration signals as inputs into DBN. However, it is desirable to use raw vibration signals as direct inputs to achieve good fault diagnosis results. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method by stacking spare autoencoder (SAE) and Gauss-Binary restricted Boltzmann machine (GBRBM) for early gear pitting faults diagnosis with raw vibration signals as direct inputs. The SAE layer is used to compress the raw vibration data and the GBRBM layer is used to effectively process continuous time domain vibration signals. Vibration signals of seven early gear pitting faults collected from a gear test rig are used to validate the proposed method. The validation results show that the proposed method maintains a good diagnosis performance under different working conditions and gives higher diagnosis accuracy compared to other traditional methods.
A Missing Active Device - Trancitor for a New Paradigm of Electronics
Creators: name: Lee, Sungsik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we first point out a missing active-device while providing its theoretical definition and impact on electronics. This type of active devices has an inverse functionality of transistors, and is suggested to be called trancitor rather than transistor because it directly transfers an input signal into a voltage output. It is expected that a trancitor coupled with a transistor can provide a minimal circuit configuration, i.e., low circuit complexity, helping virtually to meet the Moore's law. And this may also lead to a lower power-consumption and higher speed of circuits compared to a transistor-only circuit. These are supported with a circuit simulation and simple Tetris-like block analysis. In this regards, in the future, it should be required to find a trancitor to be another foundation of electronics along with transistors.
Understanding the effects of homeownership and regional unemployment levels on internal migration during the economic crisis in Spain
Creators: name: Palomares-Linares, Isabel
name: Ham, Maarten Van
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper seeks to understand better the effects of homeownership and regional unemployment levels on inter-provincial migration during the recent economic crisis in Spain. It uses rich individual-level microdata from the last two Spanish censuses (2001–2011) to study migration. The findings suggest that regional unemployment levels do not have a strong impact on internal migration in the period analyzed. However, homeownership is a key explanatory factor of immobility, which became more important in 2011 compared with 2001. This immobility effect of homeownership is stronger in depressed regions, which suggests that some people may be trapped in their dwellings, or the security of homeownership becomes essential when the structural conditions are unfavourable.
Experimental Simulation of Dust Impacts at Starflight Velocities
Creators: name: Higgins, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of simulating the interaction of spacecraft travelling at velocities necessary for starflight with the interplanetary and interstellar medium is considered. Interaction of protons, atoms, and ions at kinetic energies relative to the spacecraft (MeV per nucleon) is essentially a problem of sputtering. More problematic is the impact of dust grains, macroscopic objects on the order of 10 nm ($10^{-21}$ kg) to 1 $μ$m ($10^{-15}$ kg), the effects of which are difficult to calculate, and thus experiments are needed. The maximum velocity of dust grains that can be achieved at present in the laboratory using electrostatic methods is approximately 100 km/s, two orders of magnitude below starflight velocities. The attainment of greater velocities has been previously considered in connection with the concept of impact fusion and was concluded to be technologically very challenging. The reasons for this are explained in terms of field emission, which limits the charge-to-mass ratio on the macroscopic particle being accelerated as well as the voltage potential gradient of the accelerating electrostatic field, resulting in the accelerator needing to be hundreds to thousands of kilometers long for $μ$m-sized grains. Use of circular accelerators (cyclotrons and synchrotrons) is not practical due to limitations on magnetic field strength making the accelerator thousands of kilometers in size for $μ$m-sized grains. Electromagnetic launchers (railguns, coilguns) have not been able to produce velocities greater than conventional gas guns (< 10 km/s). The nearest feasible technologies (tandem accelerators, macromolecular accelerators) to reach the regime of projectile mass and velocity of interest are reviewed. Pulsed lasers are found to be the only facilities able to accelerate condensed phase matter to velocities approaching 1000 km/s but unlikely to be able to reach greater speeds.
description: Presented at Foundations of Interstellar Studies Workshop, City Tech, CUNY, New York, 12 June 2017
Insertion techniques for peripherally inserted central catheters and the occurrence of failures: an integrative review
Creators: name: Vieira, Leticia
name: Margatho, Amanda
name: Fernandes, Daiane
name: Guimarães, Carolina
name: Santos, Bruna
name: Vasques, Christiane
name: Silveira, Renata
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Complications
subject: Failures
subject: Insertion Techniques
subject: Peripherally Central Venous Access
subject: Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
subject: PICC

description: Integrative review to analyze the main complications, in the medium and long term, resulting from the insertion technique of the PICC.
Low-energy antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations limit the coherent superconducting gap in cuprates
Creators: name: Li, Yangmu
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Stone, M. B.
name: Kolesnikov, A. I.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Zaliznyak, I. A.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent attention to a potential antiferromagnetic quantum critical point at $x_c\sim 0.19$, we have used inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the low-energy spin excitations in crystals of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ bracketing $x_c$. We observe a peak in the normal-state spin-fluctuation weight at $\sim20$~meV for both $x=0.21$ and 0.17, inconsistent with quantum critical behavior. The presence of the peak raises the question of whether low-energy spin fluctuations limit the onset of superconducting order. Empirically evaluating the spin gap $Δ_{\rm spin}$ in the superconducting state, we find that $Δ_{\rm spin}$ is equal to the coherent superconducting gap $Δ_c$ determined by electronic spectroscopies. To test whether this is a general result for other cuprate families, we have checked through the literature and find that $Δ_c\leΔ_{\rm spin}$ for cuprates with uniform $d$-wave superconductivity. We discuss the implications of this result.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; accepted version
Additional file 6 of Sequencing of neurofilament genes identified NEFH Ser787Arg as a novel risk variant of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese subjects
Creators: name: Lin, Feng
name: Lin, Wanhui
name: Zhu, Chaofeng
name: Lin, Jilan
name: Zhu, Junge
name: Li, Xu-Ying
name: Wang, Zhanjun
name: Wang, Chaodong
name: Huang, Huapin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. Workflow of the study design.
Evolutionary synthesis of stellar populations: a modular tool
Creators: name: Maraston, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new tool for the Evolutionary Synthesis of Stellar Populations (EPS) is presented, which is based on three independent matrices, giving respectively: 1) the fuel consumption during each evolutionary phase as a function of stellar mass; 2) the typical temperatures and gravities during such phases; 3) colours and bolometric corrections as functions of gravity and temperature. The modular structure of the code allows to easily assess the impact on the synthetic spectral energy distribution of the various assumptions and model ingredients, such as, for example, uncertainties in stellar evolutionary models, mixing length, the temperature distribution of horizontal branch (HB) stars, AGB mass loss, and colour-temperature transformations. The so-called ``AGB-Phase Transition'' in Magellanic Cloud clusters is used to calibrate the contribution of the Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch phase (TP-AGB) to the synthetic integrated luminosity. As an illustrative example, solar metallicity ($Y=0.27,Z=0.02$) models, with ages ranging between 30 {\rm Myr} and 15 {\rm Gyr} and various choices for the slope of the Initial Mass Function (IMF), are presented. Synthetic broad band colours and the luminosity contributions of the various evolutionary stages are compared with LMC and Galactic globular cluster data. In all these cases, a good agreement is found. Finally, we show the evolution of stellar mass-to-light ratios in the bolometric and U,B,V,R, and K passbands, in which the contribution of stellar remnants is accounted for.
description: 21 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Introduction_Formulaire photograhique à l'usage des amateurs et des débutants
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: ID_PARA_00289
A combined immersed boundary/phase-field method for simulating two-phase pipe flows
Creators: name: Argyropoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The investigation of the flow in a pipe is a major issue for the pipeline capacity but also plays an important role for the control and prevention of phenomena that could damage the pipe, such as corrosion, erosion, and the potential formation of wax or their deposits. Therefore, the characterization of the flow patterns is also a major issue for the prediction of the distribution over the cross-section of the pipe, in order to understand any problems that may interrupt or shut down the operation of the production line. The main purpose of the present effort is to develop an appropriate numerical method for simulating two-phase pipe flows. Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are employed as Navier-Stokes solver, while a Phase-Field method is used to simulate the interfacial region between the two fluids. A Ghost-Cell Immersed Boundary Method (GCIBM) was developed and implemented for the reconstruction of smooth rigid boundaries (pipe wall) based on the work of Tseng and Ferziger (2003). The method was also modified in order to incorporate appropriate boundary conditions for coupling the Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes solvers for two-phase pipe flows. Tseng and Ferziger (2003) used the GCIBM for turbulent single-phase flows; the present modified version comprises a continuation of the method for handling two-phase pipe flows. The computational model is capable of handling large density and viscosity ratios with good accuracy. The developed GCIBM algorithm was validated against analytical solutions for single and two-phase pipe flow, presenting very good agreement. The computational model was compared to available experimental data from the literature for single rising bubbles and bubble coalescence in vertical pipe also with good agreement. The numerical method was used to investigate the lateral wall effects of a 3-D single bubble in a viscous liquid for different pipe diameters and bubble flow regimes. The dynamics of 3-D Taylor bubbles was also examined in vertical pipes for different properties of fluids (e.g. air-water system) and dimensionless parameters relevant to the problem (e.g. ReB, Eo, Mo). The numerical results were compared with available experimental and numerical data from the literature, presenting good agreement.
Reward and dopaminergic modulation of attentional deficits in the neglect syndrome
Creators: name: Li, Korina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Visuospatial neglect, most commonly associated with injury to the right cerebral hemisphere, is primarily a disorder of attention. Whilst at its core there undisputedly lies a spatially-lateralised bias, there is now wide acceptance that it also comprises non-spatial components, including deficits of selective and sustained attention. Furthermore, following reports of reward-related improvement in neglect, there is increasing evidence that motivational factors may be involved, which may be amenable to dopaminergic modulation. The experiments described here aim to examine the interaction between reward and the non-spatial components of the neglect syndrome, and to determine what influences dopamine has on the disorder and on the reward-attention interaction in neglect. The effect of anticipated monetary reward on the attentional blink (AB), an index of temporal selective visual attention, was assessed using a rapid serial visual presentation task. Whilst reward abolished the AB effect in healthy controls, it improved overall performance of stroke patients, which was more evident in patients whose neglect had recovered. Reward modulation of sustained attention, probed using a continuous performance task, was also apparent. The effects were much clearer in the control group compared to stroke patients, and the majority of stroke patients did not exhibit a reward-attention response. Finally, I investigated how dopaminergic stimulation affects reward and attention in neglect. Compared to placebo, a single dose of levodopa improved cancellation and working memory, and reward was again shown to modulate neglect. Levodopa appeared to induce a reward-attention interaction in those patients where this was previously absent, but conferred no advantage in those with a pre-existing motivational response. These results confirm that attentional deficits in the neglect syndrome are amenable to motivational and dopaminergic modulation. Furthermore, they shed light on the dynamics between reward-attention interactions and dopamine, increasing the understanding of how these might be harnessed for effective neglect rehabilitation.
Solitary waves in the Ablowitz-Ladik equation with power-law nonlinearity
Creators: name: Cuevas-Maraver, J.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Malomed, B. A.
name: Guo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a generalized version of the Ablowitz-Ladik model with a power-law nonlinearity, as a discretization of the continuum nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the same type of the nonlinearity. The model opens a way to study the interplay of discreteness and nonlinearity features. We identify stationary discrete-soliton states for different values of nonlinearity power $σ$, and address changes of their stability as frequency $ω$ of the standing wave varies for given $σ$. Along with numerical methods, a variational approximation is used to predict the form of the discrete solitons, their stability changes, and bistability features by means of the Vakhitov-Kolokolov criterion (developed from the first principles). Development of instabilities and the resulting asymptotic dynamics are explored by means of direct simulations.
Bar-driven Fueling to a Galactic Central Reagin in a Massive Gas Disk
Creators: name: Wada, Keiichi
name: Habe, Asao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found an effective fueling process to a central region of galaxies with weak bar-like distortion by two dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. Gravitational instability of an elongated gas ring at the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR), which has been reported as an effective fueling mechanism, are not needed for this fueling process. A massive gaseous disk in a central region of galaxies sensitively responds to the weakly distorted potential, and a large amount of gas can be fed into within $1/20$ of a core radius of the potential in several $10^7$ yr. The ILRs, the dissipative nature of the gas, and self-gravity of the gas are essential for triggering this effective fueling. The accumulation process has not been ever known: the gas accumulates to form a dense `linear' structure inclined at about 45 degree with respect to the bar potential in a {\it leading sense}. We also found that a counter rotating gaseous core can be formed as a result of the fueling. The sense of the rotation of the core depends on a fraction of the gas mass to the background mass. Physical mechanism of the fueling process can be understood using a linear theory of gaseous orbits in a weak barred potential.
description: 8 pages, uuencoded gziped Postscript file without figures. Figures will be sent upon request (wada@hipecs.hokudai.ac.jp). Accepted by MNRAS
A novel branch-and-bound algorithm for the chance-constrained resource-constrained project scheduling problem
Creators: name: Davari, Morteza
name: Demeulemeester, Erik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) has been widely studied during the last few decades. In real-world projects, however, not all information is known in advance and uncertainty is an inevitable part of these projects. The chance-constrained resource-constrained project scheduling problem (CC-RCPSP) has been recently introduced to deal with uncertainty in the RCPSP. In this paper, we propose a branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm and a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that solve a sample average approximation of the CC-RCPSP. We introduce two different branching schemes and eight different priority rules for the proposed B&B algorithm. The computational results suggest that the proposed B&B procedure clearly outperforms both a proposed MILP formulation and a branch-and-cut algorithm from the literature.
Shape estimation in murky water using photometric stereo
Creators: name: Tsiotsios, Chourmouzios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Photometric stereo offers the possibility of object shape reconstruction via reasoning about the amount of light reflected from oriented surfaces. However, in murky media such as sea water light interacts not only with the scene but also with the medium particles. The resulting image formation model is complex and hard to optimize directly for scene orientation and albedo. The effectiveness of previous solutions has been limited since they were based on unrealistic assumptions about the imaging conditions or on external hardware for estimating some of the unknown model variables. In this thesis we propose a complete Photometric Stereo framework that yields useful reconstructions within a wide range of conditions in murky water. First, we show how the problem can be simplified by taking account of the additive light component that is backscatterd by the particles. A backscatter compensation method is proposed, based on the observation that the respective light signal varies smoothly across the sensor according to the pixel position with respect to the light source but is scene-depth independent. This makes its approximation experimentally appropriate using only the captured images and results in shape reconstruction similar to that in clean water. Second, we propose an uncalibrated method for solving Photometric Stereo in the presence of near-field illumination within murky water. In this case, the incident illumination on the scene is non-uniform as it varies according to the scene depth and the attenuation coefficient of the medium. We propose an algorithm for optimizing the resulting complex system of equations without resorting to external equipment or calibration. Finally, we design a novel Photometric Stereo system with dynamic lighting that can predict the validity of different photometric models in uncontrolled imaging conditions. Both our and previous approaches have been based on simplifications of the original-complex image formation in murky water. The effectiveness of such simplified models differs according to the imaging conditions and it can not be easily estimated as both the scene and the environment are usually unknown. Our proposed system can predict the validity of such photometric models, based on the observation that the change in estimated surface normals as the light sources position is varied with respect to the camera is a direct estimate of a model's effectiveness. In this way, the system can approximate the true reconstruction error and adapt automatically some critical factors in order to maximize the reconstruction quality, such as the camera-scene distance, the light sources position and the photometric model. Our work is evaluated through extended numerical simulations and real experiments in a water tank and real port water, and yields detailed reconstructions over a wide range of distances and underwater visibilities.
Shear deformation of low-density polymer brushes in a good solvent
Creators: name: Korolkovas, Airidas
name: Gutfreund, Philipp
name: Chennevière, Alexis
name: Ankner, John F.
name: Adlmann, Franz A.
name: Wolff, Max
name: Barrat, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-consistent field approach is used to model a single end-tethered polymer chain on a substrate subject to various forces in three dimensions. Starting from a continuous Gaussian chain model, the following perturbations are considered: (i) hydrodynamic interaction with an externally imposed shear flow for which a new theoretical framework is formulated; (ii) excluded volume effect in a good solvent, treated in a mean field approximation; (iii) monomer-substrate repulsion. While the chain stretches along the flow, the change of the density profile perpendicular to the substrate is negligible for any reasonable simulation parameters. This null effect is in agreement with multiple neutron scattering studies.