cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Insights into microstructure evolution and interface joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint
Creators: name: Ni, Zenglei
name: Gao, Zhiting
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: To understand the underlying microstructure evolution and joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint, the microstructure and crystallography analysis were investigated. The grain size, grain boundary, misorientation angle, Kernel Average Misorientation, Schmid factor and crystal orientation along the weld thickness were heterogeneous and unsymmetrical. The changes of corresponding microstructural and crystallographic features were more obvious for the top sheet comparing with the bottom sheet. The {111} <110> texture, nano-sized equiaxed induced by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and refined elongated grains because of continuous dynamic recrystallization were formed at the welding interface. The nucleated fine grains between the elongated grains attributing to continuous dynamic recrystallization were beneficial to the grain boundary migration and consequent the achievement of the interfacial metallurgical bonding.
A goodness-of-fit test for stochastic block models
Creators: name: Lei, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The stochastic block model is a popular tool for studying community structures in network data. We develop a goodness-of-fit test for the stochastic block model. The test statistic is based on the largest singular value of a residual matrix obtained by subtracting the estimated block mean effect from the adjacency matrix. Asymptotic null distribution is obtained using recent advances in random matrix theory. The test is proved to have full power against alternative models with finer structures. These results naturally lead to a consistent sequential testing estimate of the number of communities.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1370 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Genoese economic culture: from the Mediterranean into the Spanish Atlantic.
Creators: name: Salonia, Matteo
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This thesis investigates the economic culture that fostered the constitutional history and political cosmology of late medieval and early modern Genoa. Genoese economic actors are here studied through their diversified trades and businesses, as they moved from the shores of the Black Sea into the Atlantic. Genoa’s late medieval economic expansion is described through several case studies and briefly compared to the state-run military expansion of Venice’s empire. Genoese colonial history is found to be both peculiar and relevant, as entrepreneurial techniques, institutions and attitudes later transferred to the Atlantic first originated in the private networks built by Ligurian businessmen in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The adaptability and entrepreneurial skills that allowed Genoese merchants and bankers, captains and businessmen, tax collectors and clergymen to enter the Spanish Atlantic in the sixteenth century are linked to the medieval history of the Genoese commune, to the specific idea of libertà progressively defined and protected by its fluid elite, and to the development of Hispanic-Genoese diplomatic and financial relations. Through the study of diverse documents in Italian, Genoese dialect, Venetian dialect, Spanish, Latin, and English, Genoa’s civic ideology and institutions are revealed to be intertwined with Genoese entrepreneurs’ simultaneity of careers, cosmopolitan self-perception, and mimetic imperialism. The thesis closes with a survey of the Genoese economic activities in Spain’s American kingdoms, whose most significant result is the illustration of Genoa’s multifaceted roles in the building of the Hapsburg Atlantic. This work thus constitutes the first chronologically and thematically broad attempt to explain the prolonged Genoese presence on the stage of intercontinental commerce as well as the existence of a modern Ligurian Atlantic.
Joining mechanism evolution of fusion welded TC4 titanium alloy/304 stainless steel dissimilar joint by GTAW
Creators: name: Hao, Xiaohu
name: Wei, Xinlong
name: Li, Shuhua
name: Cui, Zeqin
name: Wang, Wenxian
name: Dong, Honggang
name: Li, Weiguo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Gas tungsten arc welding with a pure Cu filler wire was carried out to join the TC4 titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel. Filling pure Cu filler wire assisted with regulating welding current could effectively restrain the concentrated generation of Ti–Fe brittle intermetallic compounds. Three joining modes exist in the fusion welding titanium alloy and stainless steel. In the partial fusion welding mode, the TiCu phase decreased and the fine granular τ2 phase formed in the Ti/Cu interfacial zone, simultaneously, the molten zone consisted of a Cu solid solution and α-(Fe, Cr) phase formed at the Cu/Fe interface, resulting in mechanical interlocking effect and consequent high tensile strength of 363 MPa. Increasing the welding current would lead to the alloying of TixCuy phases, and then enhance the Ti/Cu interface.
title: Hierarchical ensemble classification: towards the classification of data collections that feature large numbers of class labels
Creators: name: Alshdaifat, Esra'a
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis a number of hierarchical ensemble classification approaches are proposed as a solution to the multi-class classification problem. The central idea is that a more effective classification can be produced if a “coarse-grain” classification (directed at groups of classes) is first conducted followed by increasingly more “fine-grain” classifications. The Hierarchical ensemble classification model comprises a set of base classifiers held within the nodes of the hierarchy (one classifier per node). Nodes near the root hold classifiers designed to discriminate between groups of class labels while the leaves hold classifiers designed to distinguish between individual class labels. Two types of hierarchy (structures) are considered, Binary Tree (BT) hierarchies and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) hierarchies. With respect to the DAG structure, two alternative DAG structures to support the generation of the desired hierarchical ensemble classification model are considered: (i) rooted DAG, and (ii) non-rooted DAG. The main challenges are: (i) how best to distribute class labels between nodes within the hierarchy, (ii) how to address the “successive mis-classification” issue associated with hierarchical classification where if a mis-classication occurs early on in the process (near the root of the hierarchy) there is no possibility of rectifying this error later on in the process, and (iii) how best to determine the starting node within the non-rooted DAG approach. To address the first issue different techniques, based on the concepts of clustering, splitting, and combination, are proposed. To address the second and the third issues the idea is to utilise probability or confidence values associated with Naive Bayes and CARM classifiers respectively to dictate whether single or multiple paths should be followed at each hierarchy node, and to select the best starting DAG node with respect to the non-rooted DAG approach.
Academic Stress, Academic Motivation, and Its Relationship on the Academic Performance of the Senior High School Students
Creators: name: Jhoselle Tus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Academic performance is dependent on multiple factors, two of which are stress and motivation. It is an essential aspect for senior high school students as they are nearing college life and because having better academic performance yields better opportunities in life. The study used a descriptive-correlational approach to examine the students' stress and motivation and their relationship with their academic performance. The data was gathered through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). The study's findings revealed that students' stress and motivation were average and above average, respectively. Moreover, the academic performance of the students was mostly satisfactory and very satisfactory. Furthermore, the study found that stress and motivation have no significant relationship with students' academic performance.
Evaluation of resistance spot weldability and weld performance of zinc-coated martensitic steels
Creators: name: Pant, Pallavi
name: Fagerstrom, Emmitt
name: Schubert, Holger
name: Hilpert, Benjamin
name: Brewer, Luke N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper explores the resistance spot weldability of three martensitic (MS) steels of 1500 MPa tensile strength. A weld diameter versus current plot was developed for the three MS steels to investigate their weldable current range and expulsion characteristics. The mechanical performance of the welds was investigated using cross-tension, tensile-shear and hardness tests. It was found that the differences in electrical resistivity during the nugget growth period influenced the expulsion limit and, consequently, the weldable current range. The three MS steels failed in pullout failure mode but exhibited different plug ratios. Finally, the mechanical strength of the three MS steels was observed to be better than the other advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) such as DP600, TRIP1000 and PHS1500 steels.
Variational identification of a fractional Chern insulator in an extended Bose-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Shapourian, Hassan
name: Clark, Bryan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extended Bose-Hubbard model on the square lattice at half filling as a function of next-nearest neighbor hopping amplitude and interaction strength. To variationally map out the phase diagram of this model, we develop a two-parameter family of wave-functions based on the parton construction which can describe both topological and broken symmetry phases on equal footing. In addition, our wave-functions resolve long standing issues with more conventional short-range Jastrow wave-functions. Using this variational ansatz, we show that a spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking fractional Chern insulator is energetically favored over a critical region between two superfluid phases. In verifying the properties of these parton wave-functions we exemplify a more robust way to identify topology through the Hall conductance.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures
Numerical evaluation of buckling in steel pipe piles during vibratory installation
Creators: name: Bakroon, Montaser
name: Daryaei, Reza
name: Aubram, Daniel
name: Rackwitz, Frank
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: pipe pile buckling
subject: imperfection
subject: pile installation
subject: soil-structure interaction
subject: Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
subject: large deformations
subject: MMALE

description: The buckling of steel pipe piles during installation is numerically studied. Generally, numerical simulation of installation processes is challenging due to large soil deformations. However, by using advanced numerical approaches like Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE), such difficulties are mitigated. The Mohr-Coulomb and an elastic-perfectly plastic material model is used for the soil and pile respectively. The pile buckling behavior is verified using analytical solutions. Furthermore, the model is validated by an experiment where a pipe pile is driven into sand using vibratory loading. Several case scenarios, including the effects of heterogeneity in the soil and three imperfection modes (ovality, out-of-straightness, flatness) on the pile buckling are investigated. The numerical model agrees well with the experimental measurements. As a conclusion, when buckling starts, the penetration rate of the pile decreases compared to the non-buckled pile since less energy is dedicated to pile penetration given that it is spent mainly on buckling.
title: Inverse Reconstruction of Cell Proliferation and Mutation Laws in Cancer Invasion Modelling
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Alwuthaynani, Maher
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: The process of local and nonlocal cancer cells invasion of the surrounding tissue is key for the overall tumour growth and spread within the human body. The past three decades have witnessed intense mathematical modelling efforts in these regards. However, in order to gain a deep understanding of the cancer invasion process and to contribute in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer, we need to expand these modelling studies and to complement them with inverse problems data assimilation approaches.

While being of crucial importance in assimilating potential clinical data, the inverse problems approaches in cancer modelling are still in their early stages. This study deals with the identification and reconstruction of the usually unknown cancer cell proliferation and mutation laws, which lead to the transformation of a primary into a mutated tumour cell population, more aggressive cell population. We focus on local and nonlocal mathematical models for cell dynamics and movement, and identify these proliferation and mutation laws from macroscopic tumour snapshot data collected at some later stage in the tumour evolution. Considering two basic tumour configuration, associates with the case of one cancer cells population and two cancer cells sub-populations that exercise their dynamics within the extracellular matrix, we combine Tikhonov regularisation and gaussian mollification approaches with finite element and finite differences approximations to reconstruct the proliferation and mutation laws for each of these sub-populations from both exact and noisy measurements. Our inverse problem formulation is accompanied by numerical examples for the reconstruction of several proliferation and mutation laws used in cancer growth modelling.
Numerical analysis of ultrasonic spot welding of metal sheets: a review
Creators: name: Ni, Z. L.
name: Li, B. H.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Huang, L.
name: Nazarov, A.
name: Wang, X. X.
name: Yuan, Z. P.
name: Ye, F. X.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Ultrasonic spot welding has recently garnered significant attention as a method for joining metal sheets. Numerical simulation plays an important role in understanding the principles of this process and improving the quality of the ultrasonic spot welded joint. This paper aims to summarises the critical parameters in the finite element model of ultrasonic spot welding, including the friction coefficient, thermal field, acoustic and thermal softening, meshing and boundary conditions. Additionally, it provides a detailed review of the research status related to the simulation results, such as welding interface temperature, stress distribution, plastic strain, intermetallic compounds, macrostructure, dynamic recrystallisation and interfacial diffusion. Furthermore, this paper discusses the remaining challenges and the development trend of the numerical simulation.
Hyperon Puzzle of Neutron Stars with Skyrme Force Models
Creators: name: Lim, Yeunhwan
name: Hyun, Chang Ho
name: Kwak, Kyujin
name: Lee, Chang-Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the so called hyperon puzzle of neutron star (NS). We employ Skyrme force models for the description of in-medium nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-Lambda hyperon ($NΛ$), and Lambda-Lambda ($ΛΛ$) interactions. A phenomenological finite-range force for the $ΛΛ$ interaction is considered as well. Equation of state (EoS) of NS matter is obtained in the framework of density functional theory, and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations are solved to obtain the mass-radius relations of NSs. It has been generally known that the existence of hyperons in the NS matter is not well supported by the recent discovery of large-mass NSs ($M \simeq 2 M_\odot$) since hyperons make the EoS softer than the one without them. For the selected interaction models, $NΛ$ interactions reduce the maximum mass of NS by about 30~\%, while $ΛΛ$ interactions can give about 10~\% enhancement. Consequently, we find that some Skyrme force models predict the maximum mass of NS consistent with the observation of $2 M_\odot$ NSs, and at the same time satisfy observationally constrained mass-radius relations.
description: 24 pages, published in International Journal of Modern Physics E
title: Development of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT Angiography (OCTA) for Skin Applications
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Ji, Yubo
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: The morphological changes of microstructural and microvascular in cutaneous disease are important for describing its physiological processes, like re-epithelialization, extracellular matrix formation, and angiogenesis. A biopsy is the golden standard method that provides the best objective assessment of these information for different dermatological conditions. However, the invasive technique causes further tissue destruction and increases the risk of infection. The study aims to develop Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) techniques that can provide high-resolution microstructural and microvascular images from normal and pathological skin conditions in a non-invasive and in-vivo way. The research thesis also demonstrates the potential ability of OCT and OCTA techniques as diagnostic, assessment, and monitoring tools for skin abnormalities according to the detailed quantitative description.

The newly developed hand-held swept-source OCT/OCTA system was employed to assess and monitor the skin abnormalities (e.g., excisional wound, acute burning wound, inflammations) in mouse and human skin. It provides an efficient and robust strategy to objectively assess the pathological structural and vascular feature with the assistance of deep learning techniques and quantitative analysis methods. To further improve the SS-OCTA technique in clinical applications, a novel three-dimensional (3D) stitching technique is proposed for a wider field of view (FOV) of angiograms. Moreover, a cGAN-based deep learning pipeline is suggested to generate high-quality OCTA images while minimizing the image acquisition and post-processing time.

The results have shown that the developed SS-OCTA system has clinical potential in the field of dermatology. It provides qualitative and quantitative information from multiple perspectives, which can aid in diagnosis and treatment of a dermatological disorders. The proposed technique is promising to be an alternative and complementary to traditional modalities in skin applications.
Physics-informed machine learning models for the prediction of transient temperature distribution of ferritic steel in directed energy deposition by cold metal transfer
Creators: name: Kumar, Amritesh
name: Sarma, Ritam
name: Bag, Swarup
name: Srivastava, V. C.
name: Kapil, Sajan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In-situ monitoring of the additive layer characteristics in the directed energy deposition (DED) process by any contact technology is cumbersome. A well-tested finite element (FE) model is often employed to extract transient temperature distribution during deposition. However, the numerical model pertaining to each deposition attribute is computationally expensive. In the present work, we have generated a dataset through an experimentally validated thermal model, and further multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms are applied to train datasets. Models with an accuracy of more than 99% are utilised for the prediction of transient temperature distribution. The validation of deposition attributes using experiments and numerical model suggests that the physics-informed machine learning models for cold metal transfer can be applied in the DED process.
Rank Three p-Group Actions on Products of Spheres
Creators: name: Yalcin, Ergun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 57S25, Secondary: 57S17, 55R91, 20D15

description: Let p be an odd prime. We prove that every rank three p-group acts freely and smoothly on a product of three spheres. To construct this action, we first prove a generalization of a theorem of L\" uck and Oliver on constructions of G-equivariant vector bundles. We also give some other applications of this generalization.
description: Minor revision. To appear in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society
Lightweight synchronous stream ciphers: From mathematical and statistical analysis to proposed secure protocols for mobile cloud computing and RFID applications
Creators: name: Alamer, Ahmed Mohammed
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80402 Data Encryption
subject: 80401 Coding and Information Theory
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80502 Mobile Technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
title: The infection biology of pig associated Salmonella
Creators: name: Crayford, Georgina
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Non-typhoidal serotypes of Salmonella enterica remain important foodborne pathogens worldwide and the frequent emergence of epidemic strains in food-producing animals is a risk to public health. In recent years, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates expressing only the first phase of the two flagellar antigens (FliC) have emerged and increased in prevalence worldwide. In Europe, the majority of 4,[5],12:i:- isolates belong to phage types DT193 and DT120 of Salmonella Typhimurium and pigs have been identified as the reservoir species. In this study, a number of pig-derived monophasic (4,[5],12:i:-) and biphasic DT193 isolates were characterised for phenotypes relating to virulence, to improve understanding of their ecological success. Additionally, their ability to invade a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) and stimulate a pro-inflammatory response from the host cells was investigated, to determine the infection biology of these strains. Monophasic and biphasic isolates were compared throughout, with the aim of identifying an explanation for the selective pressure behind the loss of flagellar phase variation. It was found that the panel of DT193 isolates possessed a heterogeneous repertoire of virulence-related phenotypes and genotypes. A number of isolates demonstrated the ability to form biofilms, however the optimum temperature and time for expression of this phenotype varied among the isolates, which may have implications for bacterial survival in the environment and in the host. Another variation was in the presence of sopE, the gene for an important SPI-1 secreted effector protein associated with virulence, in the genomes of the isolates. The 4,[5],12:i:- isolates exhibited comparable adhesion and invasion to that of the virulent S. Typhimurium isolate 4/74, suggesting that these strains may be capable of colonising the small intestine of pigs in vivo. Infection with 4,[5],12:i:- and biphasic DT193 isolates resulted in approximately the same level of TLR-5 (a flagellin receptor) and IL-8 (a pro-inflammatory chemokine) mRNA upregulation, except in the case of one 4,5,12:i:- isolate that elicited significantly greater upregulation of these genes. The monophasic variants also elicited similar levels of caspase activation and cytotoxicity to the phase variable DT193 isolates. These results suggest that monophasic Salmonella display a similar infection biology to phase variable S. Typhimurium during colonisation of the porcine intestinal tract. Consequently, failure of 4,[5],12:i:- isolates to express a second phase of flagellar antigen (FljB) is unlikely to hamper their pathogenicity during colonisation of the porcine intestinal tract in vivo.
Brownian motion on treebolic space: positive harmonic functions
Creators: name: Bendikov, Alexander
name: Saloff-Coste, Laurent
name: Salvatori, Maura
name: Woess, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31C05, 60J50, 53C23, 05C05

description: Treebolic space HT(q,p) is a key example of a strip complex in the sense of Bendikov, Saloff-Coste, Salvatori, and Woess [Adv. Math. 226 (2011), 992-1055]. It is an analog of the Sol geometry, namely, it is a horocylic product of the hyperbolic upper half plane with a "stretching" parameter q and the homogeneous tree T with vertex degree p+1 < 2, the latter seen as a one-complex. In a previous paper [arXiv:1212.6151, Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana, in print] we have explored the metric structure and isometry group of that space. Relying on the analysis on strip complexes, a family of natural Laplacians with "vertical drift" and the escape to infinity of the associated Brownian motion were considered. Here, we undertake a potential theoretic study, investigating the positive harmonic functions associated with those Laplacians. The methodological subtleties stem from the singularites of treebolic space at its bifurcation lines. We first study harmonic functions on simply connected sets with "rectangular" shape that are unions of strips. We derive a Poisson representation and obtain a solution of the Dirichlet problem on sets of that type. This provides properties of the density of the induced random walk on the collection of all bifuraction lines. Subsequently, we prove that each positive harmonic function with respect to that random walk has a unique extension which is harmonic with respect to the Laplacian on treebolic space. Finally, we derive a decomposition theorem for positive harmonic functions on the entire space that leads to a characterisation of the weak Liouville property. We determine all minimal harmonic functions in those cases where our Laplacian arises from lifting a (smooth) hyperbolic Laplacian with drift from the hyperbolic plane to treebolic space.
Strengthening of wire arc additive manufactured aluminium alloy through interlayer rotary friction processing
Creators: name: Yu, Runzhen
name: Yu, Shengfu
name: Wang, Zhimin
name: Yu, Guozhi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: To eliminate porosity and refine the grains in aluminium alloys fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a novel strengthening method – robotic rotary friction processing (RFP) – was introduced. The feasibility of RFP was assessed by processing the deposited beads under various average peak loads. During RFP, a rotating tool pressed the deposited beads to induce sufficient plastic deformation. After 3.5 kN-RFP, the WAAM densification ratio was improved to >99.5%, and pores were completely closed and eliminated owing to compression deformation and sub-grains bonding. The processed deposits exhibited effective grain refinement and high-density dislocation entanglement, which led to 22.8% and 34.2% improvements in the horizontal and vertical tensile strengths, respectively. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism of RFP on deposited metals was clarified.
Cyclotomic graphs and perfect codes
Creators: name: Zhou, Sanming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25, 68M10, 94A99

description: We study two families of cyclotomic graphs and perfect codes in them. They are Cayley graphs on the additive group of $\mathbb{Z}[ζ_m]/A$, with connection sets $\{\pm (ζ_m^i + A): 0 \le i \le m-1\}$ and $\{\pm (ζ_m^i + A): 0 \le i \le ϕ(m) - 1\}$, respectively, where $ζ_m$ ($m \ge 2$) is an $m$th primitive root of unity, $A$ a nonzero ideal of $\mathbb{Z}[ζ_m]$, and $ϕ$ Euler's totient function. We call them the $m$th cyclotomic graph and the second kind $m$th cyclotomic graph, and denote them by $G_{m}(A)$ and $G^*_{m}(A)$, respectively. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $D/A$ to be a perfect $t$-code in $G^*_{m}(A)$ and a necessary condition for $D/A$ to be such a code in $G_{m}(A)$, where $t \ge 1$ is an integer and $D$ an ideal of $\mathbb{Z}[ζ_m]$ containing $A$. In the case when $m = 3, 4$, $G_m((α))$ is known as an Eisenstein-Jacobi and Gaussian networks, respectively, and we obtain necessary conditions for $(β)/(α)$ to be a perfect $t$-code in $G_m((α))$, where $0 \ne α, β\in \mathbb{Z}[ζ_m]$ with $β$ dividing $α$. In the literature such conditions are known to be sufficient when $m=4$ and $m=3$ under an additional condition. We give a classification of all first kind Frobenius circulants of valency $2p$ and prove that they are all $p$th cyclotomic graphs, where $p$ is an odd prime. Such graphs belong to a large family of Cayley graphs that are efficient for routing and gossiping.
description: Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 2018
title: Leadership: Cumberland City Council Learning and Leadership Program: Research and Evaluation Report
Creators: name: Woodrow, Christine
name: Staples, Kerry
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2020

description: The early childhood education and care context is a challenging and complex environment which requires a wide range of knowledge and skills from the educators who work there. Educators provide leadership to children's learning, manage and negotiate complex relationships with children, families, colleagues, other staff and agencies, yet they do not always identify as confident leaders. This research report investigated the impact and output of a bespoke professional learning program involving 25 early educators designed to extend and consolidate early childhood leadership capability. The research findings showed an increase in participants’ knowledge, ability and confidence to make meaningful changes to their services, and improve the quality of the program they offered. The program successfully met the aims of the professional learning, engendered enhanced leadership capacities and enabled sustainable, transferable skill development.
title: Flow control on helicopter rotors using active gurney flaps
Creators: name: Pastrikakis, Vasileios
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents closed loop control of active Gurney flaps on rotors. Firstly, it builds on the Helicopter Multi-Block 2 CFD solver of the University of Liverpool and demonstrates the implementation and use of Gurney flaps on wings, and rotors. The idea is to flag any cell face within the computational mesh with a solid, no slip boundary condition. Hence the infinitely thin Gurney can be approximated by “blocking cells” in the mesh. Comparison between thick Gurney flaps and infinitely thin Gurneys showed no difference on the integrated loads, the same flow structure was captured and the same vortices were identified ahead and behind the Gurney. The results presented for various test cases suggest that the method is simple and efficient and it can therefore be used for routine analysis of rotors with Gurney flaps. The potential effect of a Gurney flap all over the performance of the W3-Sokol rotor blade in hover was studied next. A rigid blade was first considered and the calculations were conducted at several thrust settings. The Gurney flap was extended from 46%R to 66%R and it was located at the trailing edge of the main rotor blade. Four different sizes of Gurney flaps were studied, 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.3% of the chord, and the biggest flap proved to be the most effective. A second study considered elastic blades with and without the Gurney flap. The results were trimmed at the same thrust values as the rigid blade and indicate an increase of aerodynamic performance when the Gurney flap is used, especially for high thrust cases. Moreover, the performance of the W3-Sokol rotor in forward flight with and without Gurney flap was tested. Rigid and elastic blade models were considered and calculations were guided using flight test data. The Gurney flap was extended from 40%R to 65%R, while the size of the Gurney was selected to be 2% of the chord based on the hover study. All results were trimmed to the same thrust as flight tests. The harmonic analysis of the flight test data proved to be a useful tool for identifying vibrations on the rotor caused by stall at the retreating side, and a carefully designed Gurney flap and actuation schedule were essential to alleviate the effects of flow separation. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to a closed loop actuation of the Gurney flap based on the leading edge pressure divergence criterion. The effect of the Gurney flap on the trimming of a full helicopter model, as well as the handling qualities of the rotorcraft were investigated. To the author’s knowledge this is the first attempt to study the effect of active Gurney flaps on elastic rotors with 3D CFD in a closed loop control for retreating blade stall alleviation and hover performance enhancement. The idea is that Gurney will stay deployed during the hover and it will be actuated based on the forward flight demands in order to enhance the rotorcraft capabilities.
title: Multiomics Biomarker Clusters for Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Kwan, Ryan Shun-Yuen
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Background: Microvascular complications are common in diabetes mellitus (DM). Approximately 30% of the patients with DM developed chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is associated with higher mortality risk before progressing to kidney failure. The integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and high-throughput multiomics data has shown great potential in personalised medicine. This thesis aims to identify biomarker clusters (corresponding to underlying systemic factors) of CKD progression in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using EHR-linked Scottish cohorts (GoDARTS, SUMMIT, and RHAPSODY).

Methods: Data included routinely-measured biochemistry variables and prescribing information in EHR; lifestyle factors and DM-related risk factors in GoDARTS; proteomics and metabolomics data of stage 3 CKD in SUMMIT; and proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics data of early CKD in RHAPSODY. Kidney function trajectory was estimated based on serum creatinine levels. Standard statistical models, dimensionality reduction methods, and functional enrichment analyses were applied.

Results: We identified three main biomarker clusters corresponding to albuminuria, DM, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Other less significant biomarker clusters could be associated with a variety of stage-specific symptoms such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), smoking status, potassium level, infection, and mucous membrane inflammation. In addition, the functional analysis highlighted the importance of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions: The biomarker clusters improved the prediction accuracy by incorporating both strong and weak signals from individual biomarkers. The clusters could also serve as a framework for interpreting the underlying pathophysiology. The holistic approach identified a comprehensive set of prescriptions and biomarkers, which warrant further investigations.
title: Experimental human pneumococcal carriage
Creators: name: Gritzfeld, Jenna Faye
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Pneumococcal disease is preceded by nasopharyngeal colonization, which is also the source of transmission. Current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease and reduce carriage in children, but are less effective against mucosal disease and have limited serotype coverage. There is an urgent need for new vaccines and colonization has been suggested as an alternative endpoint in vaccine licensure. Experimental human pneumococcal carriage, although potentially risky, offers a way to examine colonization in the context of vaccination. Experimental carriage also allows the investigation of the impact of a pathogen on the immunological complexity and normal microbiota of humans, both of which cannot be done using animal models. We developed a safe and reproducible method of experimental human pneumococcal carriage, described bacteriological and immune factors associated with carriage, and examined the density and duration of experimental carriage. The data presented in this thesis show that experimental human pneumococcal carriage was safe and reproducible. There were important bacteriological differences between pneumococcal strains that affected carriage. Asymptomatic upper respiratory tract viral infection increased both the risk of pneumococcal colonization and the levels of mucosal Factor H, leading to increased colonization density. This model will be useful in further studies of pneumococcal pathogenicity and host protection against carriage and disease. The model may also be used to select vaccine candidates by protective efficacy in blocking experimental carriage.
title: The laws and regulations related to remuneration practices: a comparative and analytical investigation into legal aspects
Creators: name: Almhmoud, Abdullah
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This research aims to contribute to the analysis of the laws and regulations related to remuneration practices. It is also intends to offer recommendations and solutions to the problem of setting levels and Structures of remuneration in Saudi Arabia, an area which is currently neglected despite its importance. Remuneration is a crucial tool in solving the agency problem between shareholders and managers in public companies where the separation of ownership and control exists by providing incentives. However, in Saudi Arabia this practice shows a tendency towards high fixed remuneration and variable remuneration set without any clear links between this and performance, causing variable remuneration to become another salary. Since inadequate laws and regulation have been found to be at least partially responsible for this state of affairs, solving this problem requires careful analysis of the most important jurisdictions which have developed laws and regulations. Thus, the thesis adopts a comparative legal study of the relevant laws and regulations within a descriptive and analytical framework, presenting a detailed discussion of remuneration regulation in the UK, EU and USA. Moreover, informal discussions have been conducted with individuals in the public sectors of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) and the Capital Market Authority (CMA), in order to complement the black letter law analysis of the research, by providing a realistic insight into the nature of the challenges in formulating the policy process in Saudi Arabia. Serious flaws and shortcomings were found in the existing law and regulation regarding remuneration in Saudi Arabia, and recommendations for reform of these are provided.
title: StudyU: A Platform for Designing and Conducting Innovative Digital N-of-1 Trials
Creators: name: Konigorski, Stefan
name: Wernicke, Sarah
name: Slosarek, Tamara
name: Zenner, Alexander Maximilian
name: Strelow, Nils
name: Ruether, Darius Ferenc
name: Henschel, Florian
name: Manaswini, Manisha
name: Pottbäcker, Fabian
name: Edelman, Jonathan Antonio
name: Owoyele, Babajide
name: Danieletto, Matteo
name: Golden, Eddye
name: Zweig, Micol
name: Nadkarni, Girish N.
name: Bottinger, Erwin
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2023

description: N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available. Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app. With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials. The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health. Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner. We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät; 12
Self – Concept, Self – Esteem, Self – Efficacy and Academic Performance of the Senior High School Students
Creators: name: Jhoselle Tus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Personality, Social and Criminal Psychology
subject: 170109 Personality, Abilities and Assessment
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: Developmental and Educational Psychology

description: Self–related perceptions have turned into an essential subject in education, given its impacts on students' behavior and academic performance. These self-related psychological perceptions include self – concept, self – esteem, and self – efficacy. Education in the Philippines represents the ever-changing facets of life. Augmenting the current educational system through the implementation of the K to 12 curriculums. Thus, this study's primary purpose was to determine the students' self-concept, self-esteem and self-efficacy, and academic performance. The respondents of the study were senior high school students. The descriptive correlation research method was utilized to describe the respondents' profile in terms of self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and academic performance. The null hypothesis at .05 alpha level of significance was tested to determine the impact of self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy on the students' academic performance. The computed multiple regression analysis results revealed that self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy do not significantly affect senior high school students' academic performance. Moreover, it is suggested that the school personnel and parents monitor and provide the needed support and guidance to their children while searching for their identities. Also, devise additional programs for their students' proper guidance and make progress on the learning activities and teaching-learning plan to maximize their learning experience and boost the students' performance in class.
Void-free interface between In and high-impurity Cu joint
Creators: name: Lee, Jia-Yi
name: Shen, Yu-An
name: Chen, Chih-Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plasma Physics

description: The effect of impurities in the Cu film on the void formation at the interface of the Sn-rich solder joint has been extensively studied. However, this has rarely been studied for In solder joints. In this study, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) and In-solder/ Cu films with high impurities were aged at 150 °C to analyze the films at various aging times. A metastable CuIn2 phase appeared and transformed into a stable Cu11In9 phase. Noticeable voids and cracks were observed at the SAC305/Cu interface during the solid-state aging. In contrast, there was a void-free interface between In and Cu-CP. This was primarily due to the difference in diffusion behaviour between In/Cu and SAC305/Cu. The mechanism of the above phenomenon was revealed.