cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Semileptonic decays of $Λ_c^+$ in dynamical approaches
Creators: name: Geng, C. Q.
name: Lih, Chong-Chung
name: Liu, Chia-Wei
name: Tsai, Tien-Hsueh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semileptonic decays of $Λ_c^+ \to Λ(n)\ell^+ ν_{\ell}$ in two relativistic dynamical approaches of the light-front constituent quark model (LFCQM) and MIT bag model (MBM). By considering the Fermi statistic between quarks and determining spin-flavor structures in baryons along with the helicity formalism in the two different dynamical models, we calculate the branching ratios (${\cal B}$s) and averaged asymmetry parameters ($α$s) in the decays. Explicitly, we find that ${\cal B}( Λ_c^+ \to Λe^+ ν_{e})=(3.36\pm0.87,3.48)\%$ and $α( Λ_c^+ \to Λe^+ ν_{e})=(-0.97\pm0.03,-0.83)$ in (LFCQM, MBM), in comparison with the data of ${\cal B}( Λ_c^+ \to Λe^+ ν_{e})=(3.6\pm0.4)\%$ and $α( Λ_c^+ \to Λe^+ ν_{e})=-0.86\pm 0.04$ given by the Particle Data Group, respectively. We also predict that ${\cal B}( Λ_c^+ \to n e^+ ν_{e})=(0.57\pm0.15, 3.6\pm1.5)\times 10^{-3}$ and $α( Λ_c^+ \to n e^+ ν_{e})=(-0.98\pm0.02,-0.96\pm0.04)$ in LFCQM with two different scenarios for the momentum distributions of quarks in the neutron, and ${\cal B}( Λ_c^+ \to n e^+ ν_{e})= 0.279\times 10^{-2}$ and $α( Λ_c^+ \to n e^+ ν_{e})=-0.87$ in MBM, which could be tested by the ongoing experiments at BESIII, LHCb and BELLEII.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, revised version accepted by PRD
Automated Image-Based Identification and Consistent Classification of Fire Patterns with Quantitative Shape Analysis and Spatial Location Identification
Creators: name: Liu, Pengkun
name: Ni, Shuna
name: Stoliarov, Stanislav I.
name: Tang, Pingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fire patterns, consisting of fire effects that offer insights into fire behavior and origin, are traditionally classified based on investigators' visual observations, leading to subjective interpretations. This study proposes a framework for quantitative fire pattern classification to support fire investigators, aiming for consistency and accuracy. The framework integrates four components. First, it leverages human-computer interaction to extract fire patterns from surfaces, combining investigator expertise with computational analysis. Second, it employs an aspect ratio-based random forest model to classify fire pattern shapes. Third, fire scene point cloud segmentation enables precise identification of fire-affected areas and the mapping of 2D fire patterns to 3D scenes. Lastly, spatial relationships between fire patterns and indoor elements support an interpretation of the fire scene. These components provide a method for fire pattern analysis that synthesizes qualitative and quantitative data. The framework's classification results achieve 93% precision on synthetic data and 83% on real fire patterns.
Supplementary document for Effect of Substrate and Beam Diameter on Direct Laser Patterning of Ruthenium Thin Films - 7451634.pdf
Creators: name: Cruciani, Lorenzo
name: Vreugdenhil, Marnix
name: van Oosten, Dries
name: van Druten, Nicolaas
name: Planken, Paul C.M.
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Cooling by emission of thermal radiation
Extension Avenue Use Among Small-Scale Goat Producers in Missouri and Arkansas
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Walker, Elizabeth
name: Sudbrock, Christine
name: Remley, Melissa
name: Clifford-Rathert, Charlotte
name: Cole, Kelsey
name: Hoegeman, Catherine
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Walker, Elizabeth
name: Sudbrock, Christine
name: Remley, Melissa
name: Clifford-Rathert, Charlotte
name: Cole, Kelsey
name: Hoegeman, Catherine
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: extension utilization
subject: goat production
subject: small-scale producers

description: This study uses multivariate statistical procedures to explore extension avenues used by goat producers in Missouri and Arkansas. Use of an avenue is influenced by a number of factors including nature of issue, time, and scale of operation. The results show that professional avenues, which are deeply rooted in tradition and history, are the main outreach avenues, but the Internet is emerging as an important and increasingly utilized avenue by many goat producers. Demonstrational, family based, and specific client need based avenues are used less frequently.
Determinants of Food Insecurity in Huntsville, Alabama, Metropolitan Area
Creators: name: Bukenya, James O.
name: Bukenya, James O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food desert
subject: food insecurity
subject: tobit model
subject: urban households

description: This paper attempts to examine the food insecurity situation and identify the determinants of food insecurity in the Huntsville, Alabama, metropolitan statistical area. The primary data source was the household food security and socioeconomic survey administered to 700 households in August and September 2016. The main tools of analysis include descriptive statistics and a tobit regression model. The tobit model result revealed that household income; age, gender, and education of household head; and presence of children in the household were significant determinants of food insecurity in the study area.
On energy-momentum spectrum of stationary states with nonvanishing current on 1-d lattice systems
Creators: name: Miyadera, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On one-dimensional two-way infinite quantum lattice system, a property of translationally invariant stationary states with nonvanishing current expectation is investigated. We consider GNS representation with respect to such a state, on which we have a group of space-time translation unitary operators. We show that spectrum of the unitary operators, energy-momentum spectrum with respect to the state, has a singularity at the origin.
description: 12 pages
Anti-Americanism in South Korea, 1945-1992: A struggle for positive national identity
Creators: name: Kim, Duk-Hwan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The study of anti-Americanism began in earnest only in 1985. Since that time, functionalists have dominated the field with definitions that stress outward manifestations and varieties of anti-Americanism rather than causes. This study advocates a reorientation toward the emotional, social psychological foundations of anti-Americanism to understand how and why it arises and to determine what unites different varieties of the phenomenon. Accordingly, the discussion draws heavily upon recent perspectives in social psychology, psychology, and anthropology, with special emphasis on the applications of Henri Tajfel's social identity theory and Helen Lewis's shame theory. A new definition is offered which distinguishes between anti-Americanism and anti-American sentiments. Common to both, it is argued, is a shame-based anger that is aimed less at the United States and more at negative national self-images. The goal of anti-American movements is to reduce the considerable ambivalence inherent in anti-American sentiment by stressing American hypocrisy and immorality. Once this is achieved, these movements attempt to redefine the national identity in positive terms, without reference to U.S. standards of comparison. In addition to presenting a new interpretation of anti-Americanism, this study identifies the distinctive features of Korea's social and historical experience that contributed to the subsequent growth of anti-Americanism and anti-American sentiments--including a dependency-oriented patronage system that governed both domestic politics and Korea's relations with the outside world. The study then traces the ideological and organizational development of anti-Americanism as it fused with radical opposition to repressive government. In assessing the impact of this movement on college campuses, it is argued that anti-Americanism, along with Marxist rejection of American political and economic principles, gained the sympathy of most students. Measuring the prevalence of the more diffuse anti-American sentiments off-campus awaits refinements in survey questions. The study does attempt to demonstrate, in the meantime, that anti-American resentments are common within the general population. A summary of the sources of mistrust in Korean-U.S. relations leads to the conclusion that trust-building measures may mitigate bilateral tensions. Ultimately, however, the reduction of anti-American sentiments depends on the ability of Koreans to find pride in their growing national accomplishments and to redefine their identities in terms of present abilities rather than past shortcomings.
Coronary Artery Segmentation from Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Using Deep Capsules
Creators: name: Balaji, Arjun
name: Kelsey, Lachlan
name: Majeed, Kamran
name: Schultz, Carl
name: Doyle, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The segmentation and analysis of coronary arteries from intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is an important aspect of diagnosing and managing coronary artery disease. Current image processing methods are hindered by the time needed to generate expert-labelled datasets and the potential for bias during the analysis. Therefore, automated, robust, unbiased and timely geometry extraction from IVOCT, using image processing, would be beneficial to clinicians. With clinical application in mind, we aim to develop a model with a small memory footprint that is fast at inference time without sacrificing segmentation quality. Using a large IVOCT dataset of 12,011 expert-labelled images from 22 patients, we construct a new deep learning method based on capsules which automatically produces lumen segmentations. Our dataset contains images with both blood and light artefacts (22.8%), as well as metallic (23.1%) and bioresorbable stents (2.5%). We split the dataset into a training (70%), validation (20%) and test (10%) set and rigorously investigate design variations with respect to upsampling regimes and input selection. We show that our developments lead to a model, DeepCap, that is on par with state-of-the-art machine learning methods in terms of segmentation quality and robustness, while using as little as 12% of the parameters. This enables DeepCap to have per image inference times up to 70% faster on GPU and up to 95% faster on CPU compared to other state-of-the-art models. DeepCap is a robust automated segmentation tool that can aid clinicians to extract unbiased geometrical data from IVOCT.
description: This version has been accepted in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Main paper: 28 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Supplementary Material: 3 pages, 3 figures
Anti-Americanism in South Korea, 1945-1992: A struggle for positive national identity
Creators: name: Kim, Duk-Hwan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The study of anti-Americanism began in earnest only in 1985. Since that time, functionalists have dominated the field with definitions that stress outward manifestations and varieties of anti-Americanism rather than causes. This study advocates a reorientation toward the emotional, social psychological foundations of anti-Americanism to understand how and why it arises and to determine what unites different varieties of the phenomenon. Accordingly, the discussion draws heavily upon recent perspectives in social psychology, psychology, and anthropology, with special emphasis on the applications of Henri Tajfel's social identity theory and Helen Lewis's shame theory. A new definition is offered which distinguishes between anti-Americanism and anti-American sentiments. Common to both, it is argued, is a shame-based anger that is aimed less at the United States and more at negative national self-images. The goal of anti-American movements is to reduce the considerable ambivalence inherent in anti-American sentiment by stressing American hypocrisy and immorality. Once this is achieved, these movements attempt to redefine the national identity in positive terms, without reference to U.S. standards of comparison. In addition to presenting a new interpretation of anti-Americanism, this study identifies the distinctive features of Korea's social and historical experience that contributed to the subsequent growth of anti-Americanism and anti-American sentiments--including a dependency-oriented patronage system that governed both domestic politics and Korea's relations with the outside world. The study then traces the ideological and organizational development of anti-Americanism as it fused with radical opposition to repressive government. In assessing the impact of this movement on college campuses, it is argued that anti-Americanism, along with Marxist rejection of American political and economic principles, gained the sympathy of most students. Measuring the prevalence of the more diffuse anti-American sentiments off-campus awaits refinements in survey questions. The study does attempt to demonstrate, in the meantime, that anti-American resentments are common within the general population. A summary of the sources of mistrust in Korean-U.S. relations leads to the conclusion that trust-building measures may mitigate bilateral tensions. Ultimately, however, the reduction of anti-American sentiments depends on the ability of Koreans to find pride in their growing national accomplishments and to redefine their identities in terms of present abilities rather than past shortcomings.
Assessment of Price Volatility in the Fisheries Sector in Uganda
Creators: name: Bukenya, James O.
name: Bukenya, James O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: aquaculture
subject: catfish
subject: GARCH model
subject: price volatility

description: This paper examines price volatility in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) supply chain in Uganda. The volatility process in the catfish markets was analyzed based on monthly price data from January 2006 to August 2013. A GARCH model is used to estimate the volatility parameters. Empirical results revealed that the value of the first-order autoregressive term and the value of the first-order moving average term were significant for both aquaculture and wild-harvest catfish supply chains. The observed long persistence of volatility in both supply channels suggests a fundamental level of uncertainty and risk in the catfish subsector over the studied period.
Brief History of Co-Education at the Medical School
Creators: name: Sims, Ronald H
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medical Education
subject: Women Physicians
subject: Blinn, Odelia
subject: Schools, Medical
subject: Physicians, Women
subject: Education, Medical
subject: Thompson, Mary Harris, 1829-1895
subject: Bucknell University
subject: Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Woman's Medical School
subject: Woman's Hospital Medical College of Chicago
subject: Chicago (Ill.)

description: A Galter Library website article, taking a closer look at how the education of women in medicine got its start at Northwestern, was prepared in honor of National Women's History Month. (The article was also featured in the Ward Rounds history blog in June 2013.)
United States argument over Central America, 1981-1986: A study of congressional debates over United States policy towards Nicaragua, with special reference to the House of Representatives
Creators: name: Masis-Iverson, Daniel
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation offers a contribution to the study of the conflicting discourses that emanated from the legislative branch of the United States government regarding the conflicts and tensions in Central America, and regarding the role of the United States with respect to the region, in the years 1981-1986. It presents an overview of the congressional debate over U.S. policy towards Nicaragua, one of the two countries of the region that engaged the U.S. Congress's attention the most (the other being El Salvador), and then focuses on two floor debates in the House of Representatives that were of particular importance with respect to U.S. policy towards Nicaragua: the one held in 1983 over the Boland-Zablocki bill that attempted to cut off U.S. covert support for the Nicaraguan insurgents or "Contras" fighting against the Sandinista government, and the debate held in June 1986 that culminated in congressional approval of a $100 million military and nonmilitary package for the Contras requested by the Reagan administration. Congressional decisions are heavily influenced by deliberation and debate, that is by argument. The full gamut of policy options compatible with Congress's representative character can be found nowhere better than in Congress itself. These options are expressed discursively, and to study conflicts over policy, to an important degree, is to study discursive conflicts. The dissertation examines the centrality of rhetoric, or persuasive argument, to politics, and the dependence of rhetoric upon discourse. It then applies a novel tripartite classification of discourses of virtue, rights, and manners, suggested by the work of Nicholas G. Onuf to the two key House debates mentioned above. It concludes from the analysis of the arguments offered in the debates that the outcome of the battle over U.S. policy towards Nicaragua in the House was discursively determined: for all the strenuous and sometimes spectacular opposition to Contra aid, debate was bound, under certain conditions, to favor the policy in favor of such aid advocated by the Reagan administration.
RL-STaR: Theoretical Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Frameworks for Self-Taught Reasoner
Creators: name: Chang, Fu-Chieh
name: Lee, Yu-Ting
name: Shih, Hui-Ying
name: Tseng, Yi Hsuan
name: Wu, Pei-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved with chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, allowing models to solve complex tasks stepwise. However, training CoT capabilities requires detailed reasoning data, which is often scarce. The self-taught reasoner (STaR) framework addresses this by using reinforcement learning to automatically generate reasoning steps, reducing reliance on human-labeled data. Although STaR and its variants have demonstrated empirical success, a theoretical foundation explaining these improvements is lacking. This work provides a theoretical framework for understanding the effectiveness of reinforcement learning on CoT reasoning and STaR. Our contributions are: (1) criteria for the quality of pre-trained models necessary to initiate effective reasoning improvement; (2) an analysis of policy improvement, showing why LLM reasoning improves iteratively with STaR; (3) conditions for convergence to an optimal reasoning policy; and (4) an examination of STaR's robustness, explaining how it can improve reasoning even when incorporating occasional incorrect steps; This framework aims to bridge empirical findings with theoretical insights, advancing reinforcement learning approaches for reasoning in LLMs.
Image Restoration: A Comparative Analysis of Image De noising Using Different Spatial Filtering Techniques
Creators: name: Onyedinma, E. G.
name: Onyenwe, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Acquired images for medical and other purposes can be affected by noise from both the equipment used in the capturing or the environment. This can have adverse effect on the information therein. Thus, the need to restore the image to its original state by removing the noise. To effectively remove such noise, pre knowledge of the type of noise model present is necessary. This work explores different noise removal filters by first introducing noise to an image and then applying different spatial domain filtering techniques to the image to get rid of the noise. Different evaluation techniques such as Peak to Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) were adopted to determine how effective each filter is on a given image noise. Result showed that some filters are more effective on some noise models than others.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of A metabolic switch regulates the transition between growth and diapause in C. elegans
Creators: name: Sider Penkov
name: Bharath Kumar Raghuraman
name: Erkut, Cihan
name: Oertel, Jana
name: Galli, Roberta
name: Ackerman, Eduardo Jacobo Miranda
name: Vorkel, Daniela
name: Jean-Marc Verbavatz
name: Koch, Edmund
name: Fahmy, Karim
name: Shevchenko, Andrej
name: Teymuras V. Kurzchalia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Heat flow of C. elegans undergoing reproductive growth or developmental arrest. Left panels - biological replicates generated in various experiments. Right panels - corresponding median heat flow per experiment. Curves representing median values have been smoothed using generalized additive models. a Heat flow produced by wild-type (N2) worms undergoing reproductive growth on cholesterol or dauer formation on 4-MS (4-methylated sterol). Corresponding to Fig. 1b. b Heat flow of daf-2 and daf-7 grown at 25 °C in the presence or absence of DA. c Heat flow of daf-2, daf-2;daf-12 and daf-2;daf-16 grown at 25 °C. Corresponding to Fig. 1d.
Exact Analytic Continuation with Respect to the Replica Number in the Discrete Random Energy Model of Finite System Size
Creators: name: Ogure, Kenzo
name: Kabashima, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An expression for the moment of partition function valid for any finite system size $N$ and complex power $n (\Re(n)>0)$ is obtained for a simple spin glass model termed the {\em discrete random energy model} (DREM). We investigate the behavior of the moment in the thermodynamic limit $N \to \infty$ using this expression, and find that a phase transition occurs at a certain real replica number when the temperature is sufficiently low, directly clarifying the scenario of replica symmetry breaking of DREM in the replica number space {\em without using the replica trick}. The validity of the expression is numerically confirmed.
description: 31 pages, 8 eps figures
Additional file 2 of A metabolic switch regulates the transition between growth and diapause in C. elegans
Creators: name: Sider Penkov
name: Bharath Kumar Raghuraman
name: Erkut, Cihan
name: Oertel, Jana
name: Galli, Roberta
name: Ackerman, Eduardo Jacobo Miranda
name: Vorkel, Daniela
name: Jean-Marc Verbavatz
name: Koch, Edmund
name: Fahmy, Karim
name: Shevchenko, Andrej
name: Teymuras V. Kurzchalia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Electron micrographs of a daf-2 arrested L3 larva grown at 25 °C in the presence of DA. The body is not radially constricted but multiple lipid droplets are visible (left panel, arrowheads). Alae are absent (left panel). The gut lumen is elongated with multiple microvilli (central panel, big rectangle on the left panel), and the cuticle has no striated layer (right panel, small rectangle on the left panel). Representative images of five worms. Scale bars 5 μm (left panel), 1 μm (central panel) and 0.5 μm (right panel).
Gauge Field Fluctuations and First-Order Phase Transition in Color Superconductivity
Creators: name: Giannakis, Ioannis
name: Hou, Defu
name: Ren, Hai-cang
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gauge field fluctuations in dense quark matter and determine the temperature of the induced first-order phase transition to the color-superconducting phase in weak coupling. We find that the local approximation of the coupling between the gauge potential and the order parameter, employed in the Ginzburg-Landau theory, has to be modified by restoring the full momentum dependence of the polarization function of gluons in the superconducting phase.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, Revtex, we have modified our conclusions for the metallic superconductor
United States argument over Central America, 1981-1986: A study of congressional debates over United States policy towards Nicaragua, with special reference to the House of Representatives
Creators: name: Masis-Iverson, Daniel
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation offers a contribution to the study of the conflicting discourses that emanated from the legislative branch of the United States government regarding the conflicts and tensions in Central America, and regarding the role of the United States with respect to the region, in the years 1981-1986. It presents an overview of the congressional debate over U.S. policy towards Nicaragua, one of the two countries of the region that engaged the U.S. Congress's attention the most (the other being El Salvador), and then focuses on two floor debates in the House of Representatives that were of particular importance with respect to U.S. policy towards Nicaragua: the one held in 1983 over the Boland-Zablocki bill that attempted to cut off U.S. covert support for the Nicaraguan insurgents or "Contras" fighting against the Sandinista government, and the debate held in June 1986 that culminated in congressional approval of a $100 million military and nonmilitary package for the Contras requested by the Reagan administration. Congressional decisions are heavily influenced by deliberation and debate, that is by argument. The full gamut of policy options compatible with Congress's representative character can be found nowhere better than in Congress itself. These options are expressed discursively, and to study conflicts over policy, to an important degree, is to study discursive conflicts. The dissertation examines the centrality of rhetoric, or persuasive argument, to politics, and the dependence of rhetoric upon discourse. It then applies a novel tripartite classification of discourses of virtue, rights, and manners, suggested by the work of Nicholas G. Onuf to the two key House debates mentioned above. It concludes from the analysis of the arguments offered in the debates that the outcome of the battle over U.S. policy towards Nicaragua in the House was discursively determined: for all the strenuous and sometimes spectacular opposition to Contra aid, debate was bound, under certain conditions, to favor the policy in favor of such aid advocated by the Reagan administration.
Local Food Distribution in the SC Midlands: Identifying Barriers to and Opportunities for Food Producing Farmers Entering Wholesale Markets
Creators: name: Welborn, Katie
name: Lamie, R. David
name: Welborn, Katie
name: Lamie, R. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: Many farmers in the Midlands of South Carolina are interested in expanding their market reach by selling to wholesale markets, but there are challenges associated with this expansion. The Midlands Local Food Collaborative conducted interviews with regional food distributors to better understand their relationships with local farmers. This paper highlights hurdles and opportunities for farmers entering wholesale markets gleaned from these interviews. Hurdles to distributors included food safety standards, quality of product, quantity of product available, the amount of food production in the area, and consumer understanding of the benefits of local food products.
Factors Influencing Potential Demand for Goat Meat in Georgia
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
name: Pattanaik, Nalini
name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Liu, Xuanli
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
name: Pattanaik, Nalini
name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Liu, Xuanli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: goat meat
subject: marketing strategies
subject: potential market
subject: substantial demand

description: Growth in U.S. ethnic populations and a desire for healthy diets are driving demand for goat meat. Inventory of meat goats in Georgia has increased in recent years. A consumer survey was conducted in Georgia to determine potential driving factors determining the future outlook of goat meat demand in Georgia. About 56% of participants who had never tasted goat meat before expressed willingness to try it if grocery stores in their area gave out goat meat samples. A binary logit model was used to examine the demographic factors that impact consumers’ willingness. Result shows that consumers’ education, gender, and household size significantly affect willingness to consume goat meat.
DIDFuse: Deep Image Decomposition for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion
Creators: name: Zhao, Zixiang
name: Xu, Shuang
name: Zhang, Chunxia
name: Liu, Junmin
name: Li, Pengfei
name: Zhang, Jiangshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Infrared and visible image fusion, a hot topic in the field of image processing, aims at obtaining fused images keeping the advantages of source images. This paper proposes a novel auto-encoder (AE) based fusion network. The core idea is that the encoder decomposes an image into background and detail feature maps with low- and high-frequency information, respectively, and that the decoder recovers the original image. To this end, the loss function makes the background/detail feature maps of source images similar/dissimilar. In the test phase, background and detail feature maps are respectively merged via a fusion module, and the fused image is recovered by the decoder. Qualitative and quantitative results illustrate that our method can generate fusion images containing highlighted targets and abundant detail texture information with strong robustness and meanwhile surpass state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches.
End-user computing paradigms in federal agencies
Creators: name: Stewart, John Frederick
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: This study represents the most authoritative research to date to determine ways to improve the effectiveness of personal computers in the federal government. In addition it should provide managers with new insights to boost the productivity of workers in the federal government. The research was conducted at eight different federal agencies, in various organizational settings, by surveying 3370 federal employees at 1263 different federal, state, and county field offices to determine their reliance on end-user computing. A variety of information was collected which included individual and organizational attributes thought to influence the use of the personal computer in the federal government. The results of this study have revealed four findings which should provide meaningful insights to improve the effectiveness of end-user computing within the federal government. The first finding is that the overall satisfaction with the personal computer is the strongest predictor of system utilization. This should be of paramount interest to managers who are charged with the responsibility for end-user computing, and end-user support personnel who interact with end-users on a daily basis. Secondly, training, when controlled by end-user sophistication and education, is a strong predictor of system utilization. This finding has important implications for trainers, and managers responsible for structuring training curriculums. It suggests that to be effective end-user training must be tailored to meet the needs of each of the six distinct types of end-users. Thirdly, the agency's technical sophistication and the individual's type of position are strong, positive predictors of system utilization. It is clear that technology and culture have a major impact for managers in "high-tech" organizations, who are charged with the responsibility of funding and supporting end-user computing activities. From the results of this study one can anticipate the demand for end-user resources will be significantly higher in technical organizations as well as in positions which require technical expertise. Finally, our research suggested that both differentiation, in the form of span of control, and organizational integration were strongly and positively related to computer utilization. This has important implications as changes are made to down-size organizational structures within the federal government. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Translation of Lueders' "Uber die Zustandsanderung durch den Messprozess"
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A translation and discussion of G. Luders, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 8 322-328 (1951).
description: v2: To appear in Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 2006
End-user computing paradigms in federal agencies
Creators: name: Stewart, John Frederick
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study represents the most authoritative research to date to determine ways to improve the effectiveness of personal computers in the federal government. In addition it should provide managers with new insights to boost the productivity of workers in the federal government. The research was conducted at eight different federal agencies, in various organizational settings, by surveying 3370 federal employees at 1263 different federal, state, and county field offices to determine their reliance on end-user computing. A variety of information was collected which included individual and organizational attributes thought to influence the use of the personal computer in the federal government. The results of this study have revealed four findings which should provide meaningful insights to improve the effectiveness of end-user computing within the federal government. The first finding is that the overall satisfaction with the personal computer is the strongest predictor of system utilization. This should be of paramount interest to managers who are charged with the responsibility for end-user computing, and end-user support personnel who interact with end-users on a daily basis. Secondly, training, when controlled by end-user sophistication and education, is a strong predictor of system utilization. This finding has important implications for trainers, and managers responsible for structuring training curriculums. It suggests that to be effective end-user training must be tailored to meet the needs of each of the six distinct types of end-users. Thirdly, the agency's technical sophistication and the individual's type of position are strong, positive predictors of system utilization. It is clear that technology and culture have a major impact for managers in "high-tech" organizations, who are charged with the responsibility of funding and supporting end-user computing activities. From the results of this study one can anticipate the demand for end-user resources will be significantly higher in technical organizations as well as in positions which require technical expertise. Finally, our research suggested that both differentiation, in the form of span of control, and organizational integration were strongly and positively related to computer utilization. This has important implications as changes are made to down-size organizational structures within the federal government. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Efficient decoy-states for the reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Lu, Feng-Yu
name: Yin, Zhen-Qiang
name: Fan-Yuan, Guan-Jie
name: Wang, Rong
name: Liu, Hang
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Chen, Wei
name: He, De-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) is a novel protocol which eliminates all possible attacks on detector side and necessity of reference-frame alignment in source sides. However, its performance may degrade notably due to statistical fluctuations, since more parameters, e.g. yields and error rates for mismatched-basis events, must be accumulated to monitor the security. In this work, we find that the original decoy-states method estimates these yields over pessimistically since it ignores the potential relations between different bases. Through processing parameters of different bases jointly, the performance of RFI-MDI-QKD is greatly improved in terms of secret key rate and achievable distance when statistical fluctuations are considered. Our results pave an avenue towards practical RFI-MDI-QKD.
description: 8 pages,4 figures
title: Tsunami travel time estimates for local sources for Porirua and Kapiti Coast suburbs
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoming
name: Lukovic, Biljana
name: Mueller, Christof
name: Heron, David W.
name: Power, William L.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2021

description: In local fault source tsunami events, the effectiveness of self-evacuation planning is constrained by two pieces of timing information: the tsunami travel (arrival) time estimate and evacuation travel time estimate. This study estimates travel times of tsunami from local active fault sources to coastal suburbs of Porirua and Kāpiti Coast in the Greater Wellington region of New Zealand. The estimates include the arrivals of 1.0 m tsunami elevation above local ambient sea condition, i.e. the threshold for Marine and Land Threat in the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management’s (MCDEM; now the National Emergency Management Agency) tsunami threat-level definitions, as well as arrivals of the biggest tsunami peaks. The local-source scenarios that have been modelled include 50 slip distribution scenarios on the southern Hikurangi Subduction Interface; eight slip distribution scenarios on the Fisherman Fault; and one uniform slip scenario for each of Fisherman Fault, Manaota Fault, Mascarin Fault, Ohariu Fault, Okupe Fault, Onepoto Fault, Rangitikei Fault offshore section (Rangioffsh Fault) and Wairau Fault. The maximum potential magnitude on each fault, obtained from the National Seismic Hazard Model, has been used to construct fault source scenarios. For the fault sources with non-uniform slip modelling, tsunami travel time estimates are presented at the earliest; 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles; and the latest arrivals for each coastal suburb (auth)
Chandra Observations of the NLS1 RX J2217.9-5941
Creators: name: Grupe, D.
name: Leighly, K. M.
name: Burwitz, V.
name: Predehl, P.
name: Mathur, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of two Chandra ACIS-S observations from February and August 2003 of the highly X-ray variable Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy RX J2217.9--5941. Observations spanning the time from the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) through an ASCA observation in 1998 indicate apparently monotonically decreasing flux by a factor of 30. The Chandra observations reveal increased emission over that seen in ASCA, supporting a persistent variability rather than an X-ray outburst event. However, the cause of the strong X-ray variability remains unclear. Our Chandra observations confirm the steep soft X-ray spectrum in the 0.2-2.0 keV band found during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey observation (\ax=2.7). The spectral shape of the source appears to be variable with the spectrum becoming softer when the source becomes fainter. Best fitting models to the data include an absorbed broken power law, a blackbody plus power law, and a power law with partial covering absorption. The latter model suggests a variable partial-covering absorber in the line of sight which can explain in part the variability seen in RX J2217.9--5941. We suggest that there might be a population of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies which are at least at times highly absorbed.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ, revised version
Additional file 1 of Fish biomarkers from a different perspective: evidence of adaptive strategy of Abramis brama (L.) to chemical stress
Creators: name: Tenji, Dina
name: Micic, Bojana
name: Sandor Sipos
name: Miljanovic, Branko
name: Teodorovic, Ivana
name: Kaisarevic, Sonja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables.
A Learning Strategy for Contrast-agnostic MRI Segmentation
Creators: name: Billot, Benjamin
name: Greve, Douglas
name: Van Leemput, Koen
name: Fischl, Bruce
name: Iglesias, Juan Eugenio
name: Dalca, Adrian V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a deep learning strategy that enables, for the first time, contrast-agnostic semantic segmentation of completely unpreprocessed brain MRI scans, without requiring additional training or fine-tuning for new modalities. Classical Bayesian methods address this segmentation problem with unsupervised intensity models, but require significant computational resources. In contrast, learning-based methods can be fast at test time, but are sensitive to the data available at training. Our proposed learning method, SynthSeg, leverages a set of training segmentations (no intensity images required) to generate synthetic sample images of widely varying contrasts on the fly during training. These samples are produced using the generative model of the classical Bayesian segmentation framework, with randomly sampled parameters for appearance, deformation, noise, and bias field. Because each mini-batch has a different synthetic contrast, the final network is not biased towards any MRI contrast. We comprehensively evaluate our approach on four datasets comprising over 1,000 subjects and four types of MR contrast. The results show that our approach successfully segments every contrast in the data, performing slightly better than classical Bayesian segmentation, and three orders of magnitude faster. Moreover, even within the same type of MRI contrast, our strategy generalizes significantly better across datasets, compared to training using real images. Finally, we find that synthesizing a broad range of contrasts, even if unrealistic, increases the generalization of the neural network. Our code and model are open source at https://github.com/BBillot/SynthSeg.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Consumer Testing for the Local Food Start-Up: Update
Creators: name: Durham, Catherine
name: Colonna, Ann
name: Miller, James B.
name: Durham, Catherine
name: Colonna, Ann
name: Miller, James B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: entrepreneurs
subject: market research tool
subject: purchase intent

description: A self-executed consumer test protocol for food entrepreneurs has been designed and tested in Portland, Oregon. The protocol (Durham and Colonna, 2016) includes an Excel workbook that uses user-supplied cell entries to develop a single-sheet ballot and a data-entry sheet. Once the data are entered, the spreadsheet automatically produces useful tables and charts from the survey data. Videos demonstrate ballot creation and survey data entry. The workbook is accompanied by a manual that describes how to run a consumer test. These materials are available free of charge, but access to the workbook requires completion of a survey. The survey template begins with standard consumer test questions assessing concept and liking (nine-point scales), followed by sensory attribute Just-About-Right questions. The second page begins with a set of priced purchase intent questions. A price range including six prices is listed vertically, and consumers are asked to indicate their willingness to pay for the product at each price. The results for these purchase intent questions can be used to produce a pseudo-demand curve. The purchase intent question is followed by a question about the quantity they would buy per year at a specific price. This provides a means by which total annual demand for informed buyers could be estimated. Two check-all-that-apply (CATA) are next. The default CATA offerings include a question providing a list of possible locations where they regularly shop for food and a question about production and ingredient preferences relevant to the product (for example, organic and gluten-free). In combination with the purchase intent questions, these could provide a convincing sales presentation to a retailer or to be included in a business plan. The ballot ends with four multiple choice questions.