cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Formation and development of polygonal soils in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert and their relevance for Mars.
Creators: name: Sager, Christof
name: Airo, Alessandro
name: Arens, Felix L.
name: Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Polygonal networks occur on various terrestrial and extraterrestrial surfaces holding valuable information on the pedological and climatological conditions under which they develop. However, in contrast to their periglacial counterparts, the information that polygons in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert can provide is little understood. To gain insights into their geometrical and geochemical build-up, we performed a morphometric terrain characterization in combination with geochemical and sedimentological analysis on four polygonal networks in the Yungay area of the Atacama Desert. The polygons are composed of siliciclastic sediment that is mainly cemented by sulfates in ~0–50 cm depth and by nitrates and chlorides in ~50–100 cm depth while being separated by about 1 m deep, salt-poor and V-shaped sand wedges. The high salt content (>60 wt%) and high surface temperature variations make a thermal contraction origin likely. The low clay content (~2 wt%) makes an exclusive desiccation origin less relevant but a formation based on dehydration of sulfates remains conceivable. Morphometric data indicate a link between topography and polygon geometry, as the flat-centered polygons (mean size ~4 m) are aligned either in slope direction or perpendicular to it, while being more elongated on steeper slopes. Erosion of these networks is mainly eolian-driven, but we also find signs for aqueous resurfacing of microtopography by fog and minimal rainwater infiltration. Our findings provide a basis for future polygon research in hyper-arid environments, such as Mars, while allowing for the use of polygons as environmental proxies in the Atacama Desert that indicating saline soils and hyper-arid conditions.
The impact of sharp screening on the Coulomb scattering problem in three dimensions
Creators: name: Yakovlev, S L
name: Volkov, M V
name: Yarevsky, E
name: Elander, N
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering problem for two particles interacting via the Coulomb potential is examined for the case where the potential has a sharp cut-off at some distance. The problem is solved for two complimentary situations, firstly when the interior part of the Coulomb potential is left in the Hamiltonian and, secondly, when the long range tail is considered as the potential. The partial wave results are summed up to obtain the wave function in three dimensions. It is shown that in the domains where the wave function is expected to be proportional to the known solutions, the proportionality is given by an operator acting on the angular part of the wave function. The explicit representation for this operator is obtained in the basis of Legendre polynomials. We proposed a driven Schrödinger equation including an inhomogeneous term of the finite range with purely outgoing asymptotics for its solution in the case of the three dimensional scattering problem with long range potentials.
Monitoring indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services for cardiovascular diseases in the UK
Creators: name: Ball, Simon
name: Banerjee, Amitava
name: Berry, Colin
name: Boyle, Jonathan
name: Bray, Benjamin
name: Bradlow, William
name: Chaudhry, Afzal
name: Crawley, Rikki
name: Danesh, John
name: Denniston, Alastair
name: Falter, Florian
name: Figueroa, Jonine D
name: Hall, Christopher
name: Hemingway, Harry
name: Jefferson, Emily
name: Johnson, Tom
name: King, Graham
name: Lee, Kuan Ken
name: McKean, Paul
name: Mason, Suzanne
name: Mills, Nicholas L
name: Pearson, Ewen
name: Pirmohamed, Munir
name: Poon, Michael T C
name: Priedon, Rouven
name: Shah, Anoop
name: Sofat, Reecha
name: Sterne, Jonathan A C
name: Strachan, Fiona E
name: Sudlow, Cathie L M
name: Szarka, Zsolt
name: Whiteley, William
name: Wyatt, Michael
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Healthcare delivery, economics and global health
1506
2474
epidemiology
aortic and arterial disease
global health care delivery
health care delivery
heart disease

description: Objective: To monitor hospital activity for presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19) pandemic to inform on indirect effects. Methods: Retrospective serial cross-sectional study in nine UK hospitals using hospital activity data from 28 October 2019 (pre-COVID-19) to 10 May 2020 (pre-easing of lockdown) and for the same weeks during 2018–2019. We analysed aggregate data for selected cardiovascular diseases before and during the epidemic. We produced an online visualisation tool to enable near real-time monitoring of trends. Results: Across nine hospitals, total admissions and emergency department (ED) attendances decreased after lockdown (23 March 2020) by 57.9% (57.1%–58.6%) and 52.9% (52.2%–53.5%), respectively, compared with the previous year. Activity for cardiac, cerebrovascular and other vascular conditions started to decline 1–2 weeks before lockdown and fell by 31%–88% after lockdown, with the greatest reductions observed for coronary artery bypass grafts, carotid endarterectomy, aortic aneurysm repair and peripheral arterial disease procedures. Compared with before the first UK COVID-19 (31 January 2020), activity declined across diseases and specialties between the first case and lockdown (total ED attendances relative reduction (RR) 0.94, 0.93–0.95; total hospital admissions RR 0.96, 0.95–0.97) and after lockdown (attendances RR 0.63, 0.62–0.64; admissions RR 0.59, 0.57–0.60). There was limited recovery towards usual levels of some activities from mid-April 2020. Conclusions: Substantial reductions in total and cardiovascular activities are likely to contribute to a major burden of indirect effects of the pandemic, suggesting they should be monitored and mitigated urgently.
METATHESIS AS A PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS IN EDUCATED HAUSA SPEAKERS' ENGLISH
Creators: name: Sadiya, Abubakar Gwandu
Publisher: name: ZAP JOURNALS
Year: 2025
Subjects: Metathesis, Phonological irregularities, Educated Hausa speakers, Interlanguage theory, Intelligibility

description: This study explores metathesis, a phonological process involving sound rearrangement, in the English language of educated Hausa speakers. Language use shapes the acoustic delivery of phonological patterns. A common example of this aberration under use is ‘metathesis’, which is the reversal of the expected linear ordering of sounds. The phonological irregularities evident in the spoken English of educated Hausa speakers motivated the systematic investigation of this phenomenon. This phenomenon is investigated within the framework of Selinker’s (1972) inter-language theory and Jibril’s (1986) classification of Nigerian English speakers. The aim of this paper is to examine instances of metathesis in the English language of these participants. The data were collected through audio-recordings of 20 English words given to the participants to read to determine instances of metathesis in their production of the stimuli. The results demonstrate that most of the participants metathesized the ‘sk’ cluster in the administered words. Transfer of training, vowel shortening, syllable structure constraints, and articulation ease are key factors in the occurrence of metathesis. Results show frequent metathesis by the participants irrespective of gender and educational level, often impacting intelligibility as the phenomenon is said to be phonemic
Distance to the galaxy IC 342
Creators: name: Tikhonov, N. A.
name: Galazutdinova, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have performed stellar photometry for a region of the spiral galaxy IC 342 located in the Milky Way zone. On the constructed Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, we have identified the red giant branch and determined the distance modulus for the galaxy by the TRGB (tip of the red giant branch) method, (m - M) = 27.97+/-0.10, which corresponds to D = 3.93+/-0.10 Mpc. The estimated distance puts IC 342 spatially close to the galaxy Maffei 1 (D = 4.1 Mpc) and allows these galaxies to be considered the center of a single group.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; submitted to Astronomy Letters, vol. 36, n.3, 2010
Research priorities in cardiovascular imaging
Creators: name: Yong, Guo Liang
name: Weir-McCall, Jonathan
name: Wilson, Michael
name: Roditi, Giles H
name: Bull, Russell
name: Williams, Michelle Claire
name: Schmitt, Matthias
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Basic and translational research
1506
coronary artery disease
CT scanning
imaging and diagnostics
MRI
nuclear cardiology

description: Aim: A modified Delphi approach was used to develop consensus opinion among British Society for Cardiac Imaging/British Society of Cardiac CT (BSCI/BSCCT) members in order to prioritise research questions in cardiovascular imaging. Methods: All members of the BSCI/BSCCT were invited to submit research questions that they considered to be of the highest clinical and/or academic priority in the field of cardiovascular imaging (phase 1). Subsequently a steering committee removed duplicate questions and combined questions of a similar theme by consensus agreement where appropriate. BSCI/BSCCT members were invited to rank the resulting research questions in two further iterative rounds (phases 2 and 3) to determine a final list of high-priority research questions. Results: A total of 111 research questions were submitted in phase 1 by 30 BSCI/BSCCT members. While there was a broad range of topics, from determining the optimal features/markers of the vulnerable plaque to investigating how cardiac imaging can best be used to maximise clinical outcomes and economic costs, multimodality imaging-related (n=44, 40%) questions dominated the categories and coronary artery imaging (n=40, 36%) was the most common topic. Over two iterative rounds of prioritisation of these research questions, the original 111 were reduced to 75 questions in round 2, and 25 in round 3. From these 25 a final Top 10 list was distilled by consensus grouping. Conclusion: This study has identified and ranked the top research priorities in cardiovascular imaging, as identified by the BSCI/BSCCT membership. This is a first step towards identifying the cardiovascular imaging research priorities within the UK and may assist researchers and funding bodies alike in setting priorities.
title: Digitalisierung von unüblichen geologischen Informationsträgern - vom Handstück zum 3D-Objekt
Creators: name: Lehné, Rouwen Johannes
name: Heggemann, Heiner
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Im Rahmen der geologischen Landesaufnahme werden in Hessen, wie in allen anderen Bundesländern auch, seit weit über 100 Jahren wertvolle Gesteinsproben (Bohrkerne, Handstücke, Fossilien, Mineralien) gesammelt, beschrieben, analysiert und archiviert. So liegen aktuell alleine für das Gebiet Hessens über 45.000 Handstücke, mehrere 1000 Makrofossilien und ca. 700 Bohrungen vor. Der Öffentlichkeit bzw. interessierten Dritten stehen diese Archivalien zwar grundsätzlich zur Verfügung, jedoch stellen die bisher gegebenen Zugangsmöglichkeiten kein niederschwelliges Angebot dar. Im Zuge der digitalen Transformation sollen deshalb auch diese "unüblichen  Informationsträger" digitalisiert und als 3D-Objekte funktional, performant und um weiterführende Informationen "angereichert" über das Internet abrufbar sein. Hierzu wird das Hesssische Landesamt für Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie (HLNUG) seit 2022 durch das Hessische Ministerium für Digitale Strategie und Entwicklung gefördert. Die Projektarbeiten adressieren sowohl die Erstellung von geologischen 3D-Objekten wie auch deren Visualisierung bzw. Veröffentlichung im Internet. Im Rahmen des Vortrages werden die bisherigen Bemühungen, der nunmehr präferierte methodische Ansatz und erste serienreife Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Dabei handelt es sich sowohl um Handstücke wie auch Bohrkerne. Auch wird das Konzept zur Veröffentlichung der erarbeiteten 3D-Objekte im Internet unter Berücksichtigung diverser Anwendungsfälle vorgestellt. Mit dem Vortrag möchte das HLNUG potenzielle Mitstreiter erreichen, sei es im Kreise der Staatlichen Geologischen Dienste oder auch Universitäten, wo die Digitalisierung der Lehre im Bereich der Grundlagenvermittlung auch und besonders bei den Geowissenschaften eine große Herausforderung darstellt.
Monitoring indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services for cardiovascular diseases in the UK
Creators: name: Ball, Simon
name: Banerjee, Amitava
name: Berry, Colin
name: Boyle, Jonathan R
name: Bray, Benjamin
name: Bradlow, William
name: Chaudhry, Afzal
name: Crawley, Rikki
name: Danesh, John
name: Denniston, Alastair
name: Falter, Florian
name: Figueroa, Jonine D
name: Hall, Christopher
name: Hemingway, Harry
name: Jefferson, Emily
name: Johnson, Tom
name: King, Graham
name: Lee, Kuan Ken
name: McKean, Paul
name: Mason, Suzanne
name: Mills, Nicholas L
name: Pearson, Ewen
name: Pirmohamed, Munir
name: Poon, Michael T C
name: Priedon, Rouven
name: Shah, Anoop
name: Sofat, Reecha
name: Sterne, Jonathan A C
name: Strachan, Fiona E
name: Sudlow, Cathie L M
name: Szarka, Zsolt
name: Whiteley, William
name: Wyatt, Michael
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Healthcare delivery, economics and global health
1506
2474
epidemiology
aortic and arterial disease
global health care delivery
health care delivery
heart disease

description: Objective: To monitor hospital activity for presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19) pandemic to inform on indirect effects. Methods: Retrospective serial cross-sectional study in nine UK hospitals using hospital activity data from 28 October 2019 (pre-COVID-19) to 10 May 2020 (pre-easing of lockdown) and for the same weeks during 2018–2019. We analysed aggregate data for selected cardiovascular diseases before and during the epidemic. We produced an online visualisation tool to enable near real-time monitoring of trends. Results: Across nine hospitals, total admissions and emergency department (ED) attendances decreased after lockdown (23 March 2020) by 57.9% (57.1%–58.6%) and 52.9% (52.2%–53.5%), respectively, compared with the previous year. Activity for cardiac, cerebrovascular and other vascular conditions started to decline 1–2 weeks before lockdown and fell by 31%–88% after lockdown, with the greatest reductions observed for coronary artery bypass grafts, carotid endarterectomy, aortic aneurysm repair and peripheral arterial disease procedures. Compared with before the first UK COVID-19 (31 January 2020), activity declined across diseases and specialties between the first case and lockdown (total ED attendances relative reduction (RR) 0.94, 0.93–0.95; total hospital admissions RR 0.96, 0.95–0.97) and after lockdown (attendances RR 0.63, 0.62–0.64; admissions RR 0.59, 0.57–0.60). There was limited recovery towards usual levels of some activities from mid-April 2020. Conclusions: Substantial reductions in total and cardiovascular activities are likely to contribute to a major burden of indirect effects of the pandemic, suggesting they should be monitored and mitigated urgently.
Exploring algorithmic reasoning and memorization in transformers : challenges and insights
Creators: name: Mahdavi, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In this thesis, we investigate the ability of neural networks, particularly Transformers, to reason and memorize. First, we focus on graph neural networks and Transformers, and analyze their performance on algorithmic reasoning tasks. We show that while models can achieve high accuracy on data from the same distribution as their training data, their performance drops significantly when faced with new, out-of-distribution data. We further show that even high performance on benchmark numbers may be misleading and true reasoning capability of these models remains limited. We identify several challenges involved in achieving true reasoning abilities and generalization to new data. We propose solutions to some of these challenges, including fixing input representation issues, hybrid models, and enlarging the training dataset. We also examine the expressivity of Transformers, providing a theoretical analysis of their ability to memorize data points. The results show a linear relationship between a Transformer's memory capacity and both the number of its attention heads as well as the input's context size.
A Theoretical Determination of N_{nn}/N_{np} in Hypernuclear Non--Mesonic Weak Decay
Creators: name: Bauer, E.
name: Garbarino, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio N_{nn}/N_{np} between the number of neutron-neutron and neutron--proton pairs emitted in the non--mesonic weak decay of Λ-hypernuclei is calculated within a nuclear matter formalism extended to ^{12}_{Lambda}C via the local density approximation. The single--nucleon emission spectra, N_p and N_n, are also evaluated. Our formalism takes care of both ground state correlations (gsc) and final state interactions (FSI). The evaluation of N_{nn}/N_{np} which, unlike Gamma_n/Gamma_p = Gamma(Lambda n -> nn)/Gamma(Lambda p -> np), is an actual observable quantity in non--mesonic decay is performed within a fully microscopic model where a proper treatment of FSI, gsc and ground state normalization is considered. All the isospin channels contributing to one-- and two--nucleon induced decays are included. Our final result for the coincidence number ratio, N_{nn}/N_{np}=0.374, is in agreement with the KEK--E508 datum, (N_{nn}/N_{np})^{\rm exp}=0.40 +/- 0.10.
description: 4 pages, talk given at the 10th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP-X) September 14-18, 2009, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. To be published in Nucl. Phys. A
title: An example of continuous plutonism during orogenesis - The emplacement of the Bassiès pluton in the central Pyrenees (SW-France)
Creators: name: Schnapperelle, Stephan
name: Stipp, Michael
name: Hofmann Zieger, Mandy
name: Zieger, Johannes
name: Linnemann, Ulf
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Axial Zone of the Pyrenees represents a window into the Variscan evolution of the northern Gondwana margin. One enigma of this evolution is the origin of the many and large granitoid intrusions and gneiss domes as well as the timing of their emplacement and deformation.

New zircon U-Pb data using laser ablation ICP MS indicate that granitoid plutonism is an almost continuous process over the entire Variscan orogenesis between 360 and 285 Ma that can be statistically constrained and shown for a number of these intrusions and domes. The Bassiés pluton is a key example which shows the oldest Carboniferous intrusive units with ages of 350 - 340 Ma, followed by the main intrusion phase between 330 and 320 Ma including the magmatic peak of 321 Ma. Two further age clusters occur around 314 to 300 Ma and around 285 Ma in the early Permian.

The polyphase development and in-situ melt recycling of the granitoids can also be inferred from core-rim relationships of zircon grains. There are zircons with core and rim ages of 346 and 326 Ma or 330 and 305 Ma, respectively. According to these results, it is required to revisit the mechanisms of pluton emplacement over such a long time span as well as the definition of the emplacement age. The youngest age is clearly not the crystallization age of the pluton, but plutonism is a long-lasting process that affects the Variscan crust over tens of millions or years, i.e. during the entire orogeny.
Map #453, Site 5MT10647, Midden 302, Nonstructure 304, Arbitrary Unit 301, and Arbitrary Unit 303, Stratigraphic Profile
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo I
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/54/pueblo-i
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10647
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118013/5mt10647
subject: Dillard Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118012/dillard-site

description: Site 5MT10647, Midden 302, Nonstructure 304, Arbitrary Unit 301, and Arbitrary Unit 303, Stratigraphic Profile
Designing rigid carbon foams
Creators: name: Park, Sora
name: Kittimanapun, Kritsada
name: Ahn, Jeung-Sun
name: Kwon, Young-Kyun
name: Tomanek, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use ab initio density functional calculations to study the stability, elastic properties and electronic structure of sp2 carbon minimal surfaces with negative Gaussian curvature, called schwarzites. We focus on two systems with cubic unit cells containing 152 and 200 carbon atoms, which are metallic and very rigid. The porous schwarzite structure allows for efficient and reversible doping by electron donors and acceptors, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of alkali ion batteries. We identify schwarzite structures that act as arrays of interconnected quantum spin dots or become magnetic when doped. We introduce two interpenetrating schwarzite structures that may find their use as the ultimate super-capacitor.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: Das Natürlich Geschlossene System (NGS) eine axiomatische Triade der Geologie
Creators: name: Offhaus, Hans Eckhard
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Neben geologischen besitzen Gesteinsgrenzen auch die mathematische Eigenschaft der Gleichheit oder der Kongruenz. Im Einheitskubus des NGS können durch die Mittelsenkrechte vier kongruente Dreiecke in der lotrechten Ebene und vier kongruente Prismen dargestellt werden. Der geometrische Zusammenhang ist begründet durch das mathematische Axiom der Kongruenz. Die Kongruenz der Gesteinsschichtung ist ein rein geologisch begründetes Faktum der Geologie, die Erklärung desselben Bedarfs keiner weiteren Entität.

Der Einheitskubus des NGS erklärt die Verknüpfung des Kongruenzaxioms mit dem Parallelenaxiom in der Geologie. Das Parallelenaxiom ermöglicht den Ansatz der Messtechnik im geologischen Bau, die Einbeziehung des Zahlensystems und somit die axiomatisch begründete Komplexität in der Geologie. Die Veränderung der räumlichen Lage von Gesteinen aus einer ursprünglich horizontalen Lagerung in alle möglichen Schrägstellungen desselben verursachen Schnitte von unterschiedlichsten Flächen und Ebenen im geologischen Bau. In diesen Schnittlinien inzidieren unterschiedliche geologische Flächen und Ebenen miteinander. Die Spuren dieser Schnitte sind Linien der Inzidenz. Auswirkungen geologischer Schrägstellungen der Gesteine können durch das Axiom der Inzidenz erklärt werden.

Die Triade ist ein vollständiges, widerspruchsfreies und kategorisches System von Axiomen.Das NGS, ein mathematisches Objekt der Geologie, erklärt die Zusammenhänge der axiomatischen Triade in der Geologie. I.S. des Mathematikers David Hilbert (1862 – 1943) wird die Geologie durch ein System miteinander verknüpfter Axiome erklärt, das aus den Axiomen der Kongruenz, der Parallelität und der Inzidenz besteht. Die axiomatische Triade ermöglicht die Entwicklung einer "Theoretischen Geologie".
Nannobatrachus beddomii Boul.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Nannobatrachus
Nannobatrachus beddomii

description: * Nannobatrachus beddomii Boul. cat.
ang. Tinnevelly v. F M. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 671, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
title: Novel insights into the end-Triassic extinction from contemporaneous southern African sedimentary basins
Creators: name: Chapelle, Kimberley
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The end-Triassic Extinction Event (ETE) lead to the demise of ~76% of species, as well as major biotic transitions in terrestrial vertebrate faunas. These include the shift from a mainly synapsid- and pseudosuchian-dominated ecosystem in the Triassic (e.g. dicynodont and cynodont therapsids) to dinosaur-dominated ecosystem in the Jurassic. Our understanding of this crucial time in Earth’s history is hindered by the lack of sedimentary deposits that record the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and bear informative vertebrate fossils across this interval. Several southern African basins are infilled by uninterrupted Carnian–Pliensbachian sediments. These include the Stormberg Group of the main Karoo Basin of southern Africa, as well as the Mid-Zambezi and Tuli basins of Zimbabwe. Surprisingly, the paucity of the current known fossil record recovered from these southern African deposits limits their use in understanding the ETE. This is in part because, to date, the Late Triassic vertebrates known to pertain from these units are much less abundant and diverse than those from the Early Jurassic units. Over the last decade, increased field work targeting these areas, combining excavations with high-resolution dating and biostratigraphy, has yielded multiple new fossil-bearing localities that add crucial new data to our understanding of ETE faunal change. Here, I present an overview of these novel sites. One notable location includes the late Norian quarries from near the village of Qhemegha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa which preserve a diversity of vertebrates such as: large-bodied late-branching pseudosuchians; large- and small-bodied sauropodomorphs and theropods; non-dinosaurian avemetatarsalians; and synapsids.
End-tidal and arterial carbon dioxide gradient in serious traumatic brain injury after prehospital emergency anaesthesia: a retrospective observational study
Creators: name: Price, James
name: Sandbach, Daniel D
name: Ercole, Ari
name: Wilson, Alastair
name: Barnard, Ed Benjamin Graham
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original research
1506
prehospital care
anaesthesia
trauma
head

description: Objectives: In the UK, 20% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) receive prehospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA). Current guidance recommends an end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) of 4.0–4.5 kPa (30.0–33.8 mm Hg) to achieve a low-normal arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), and reduce secondary brain injury. This recommendation assumes a 0.5 kPa (3.8 mm Hg) ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient. However, the gradient in the acute phase of TBI is unknown. The primary aim was to report the ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient of TBI patients at hospital arrival. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with serious TBI, who received a PHEA by a prehospital critical care team in the East of England between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2017. Linear regression was performed to test for correlation and reported as R-squared (R2). A Bland-Altman plot was used to test for paired ETCO2 and PaCO2 agreement and reported with 95% CI. ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient data were compared with a two-tailed, unpaired, t-test. Results: 107 patients were eligible for inclusion. Sixty-seven patients did not receive a PaCO2 sample within 30 min of hospital arrival and were therefore excluded. Forty patients had complete data and were included in the final analysis; per protocol. The mean ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient was 1.7 (±1.0) kPa (12.8 mm Hg), with moderate correlation (R2=0.23, p=0.002). The Bland-Altman bias was 1.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.0) kPa with upper and lower limits of agreement of 3.6 (95% CI 3.0 to 4.1) kPa and −0.2 (95% CI −0.8 to 0.3) kPa, respectively. There was no evidence of a larger gradient in more severe TBI (p=0.29). There was no significant gradient correlation in patients with a coexisting serious thoracic injury (R2=0.13, p=0.10), and this cohort had a larger ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient, 2.0 (±1.1) kPa (15.1 mm Hg), p=0.01. Patients who underwent prehospital arterial blood sampling had an arrival PaCO2 of 4.7 (±0.2) kPa (35.1 mm Hg). Conclusion: There is only moderate correlation of ETCO2 and PaCO2 at hospital arrival in patients with serious TBI. The mean ETCO2–PaCO2 gradient was 1.7 (±1.0) kPa (12.8 mm Hg). Lower ETCO2 targets than previously recommended may be safe and appropriate, and there may be a role for prehospital PaCO2 measurement.
title: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Prior to Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations—Proof of Concept Study for Prediction of Clinical Outcome
Creators: name: Gerwing, Mirjam
name: Schindler, Philipp
name: Schneider, Kristian Nikolaus
name: Sundermann, Benedikt
name: Köhler, Michael
name: Stamm, Anna-Christina
name: Schmidt, Vanessa Franziska
name: Perkowski, Sybille
name: Deventer, Niklas
name: Heindel, Walter
name: Wildgruber, Moritz
name: Masthoff, Max
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Prediction of response to percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with venous malformations (VM) is currently not possible with baseline clinical or imaging characteristics. This prospective single-center study aimed to predict treatment outcome of percutaneous sclerotherapy as measured by quality of life (QoL) by using radiomic analysis of diffusion-weighted (dw) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after first percutaneous sclerotherapy. In all patients (n = 16) pre-interventional (PRE-) and delta (DELTA-) radiomic features (RF) were extracted from dw-MRI before and after first percutaneous sclerotherapy with ethanol gel or polidocanol foam, while QoL was assessed using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) health questionnaire. For selecting features that allow differentiation of clinical response, a stepwise dimension reduction was performed. Logistic regression models were fitted and selected PRE-/DELTA-RF were tested for their predictive value. QoL improved significantly after percutaneous sclerotherapy. While no common baseline patient characteristics were able to predict response to percutaneous sclerotherapy, the radiomics signature of VMs (independent PRE/DELTA-RF) revealed high potential for the prediction of clinical response after percutaneous sclerotherapy. This proof-of-concept study provides first evidence on the potential predictive value of (delta) radiomic analysis from diffusion-weighted MRI for Quality-of-Life outcome after percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with venous malformations.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Artin's Conjecture and Elliptic Curves
Creators: name: Goins, Edray Herber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80; 11F03; 11F66

description: Artin conjectured that certain Galois representations should give rise to entire L-series. We give some history on the conjecture and motivation of why it should be true by discussing the one-dimensional case. The first known example to verify the conjecture in the icosahedral case did not surface until Buhler's work in 1977. We explain how this icosahedral representation is attached to a modular elliptic curve isogenous to its Galois conjugates, and then explain how it is associated to a cusp form of weight 5 with level prime to 5.
description: Published as part of the proceedings for the Council for African American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences (CAARMS)
CASPA (CArdiac Sarcoidosis in PApworth) improving the diagnosis of cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Quijano-Campos, Juan Carlos
name: Williams, Lynne
name: Agarwal, Sharad
name: Tweed, Katharine
name: Parker, Robert
name: Lalvani, Ajit
name: Chiu, Yi-Da
name: Dorey, Kane
name: Devine, Thomas
name: Stoneman, Victoria
name: Toshner, Mark
name: Thillai, Muhunthan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Interstitial lung disease
1506
2220
sarcoidosis

description: Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, predominantly affecting the lungs but can involve the heart, resulting in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Patients require MRI/Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans for diagnosis. Echocardiography, ECG and Holter monitoring may be indicative but not diagnostic alone. Patients can present late with conduction defects, heart failure or sudden death. The CASPA (CArdiac Sarcoidosis in PApworth) study protocol aims to (1) use MRI to identify CS prevalence; (2) use speckle-tracking echocardiography, signal averaged ECG and Holter monitoring to look for diagnostic pathways; and (3) identify serum proteins which may be associated with CS. Methods and analysis: Participants with pulmonary sarcoidosis (and no known cardiac disease) from Royal Papworth Hospital will have the following: cardiac MRI with late gadolinium, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking, signal averaged ECG and 24-hour Holter monitor. They will provide a serum sample for brain natriuretic peptide levels and proteomics by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. All data will be collected on OpenClinica platform and analysed approximately 6 months after final patient recruitment. Ethics and dissemination: The Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee approved the protocol (REC number: 17/LO/0667). Integrated Research Approval System (IRAS) 222 720. Dissemination of findings will be via conference presentations and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.
title: Advancements in Deep-Sea Mineral Exploration and Legal Aspects of Deep-Sea Mining
Creators: name: Rühlemann, Carsten
name: Vink, Annemiek
name: Kuhn, Thomas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The presentation provides an overview of BGR's deep-sea mineral resource exploration and informs on recent developments in deep-sea mining. Metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt play a vital role in the production of regenerative energies and high-tech electronic products. Currently, these metals are solely extracted from land sources, but increasing global demand has spurred interest in deep-sea deposits located in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich manganese crusts and massive sulphides found at water depths of 1 to 5 kilometers are seen as potential sources of such raw materials. Germany, as an industrial country with high raw material demands, heavily relies on metal imports. As a potential measure to reduce dependence and secure supply, Germany has invested actively in the exploration of marine mineral deposits and their environment in the eastern Pacific and southwestern Indian Ocean during the last two decades. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is currently negotiating regulations for the mining of these resources (“Mining Code”). At the moment, the focus is on adopting regulations for polymetallic nodule mining, possibly by 2024. However, companies could potentially already submit mining applications today, to be considered by the Council despite the absence of a full set of binding regulations. Significant progress has recently been made in overcoming the technical challenges of mining the deep sea. Several contractors have successfully tested mining systems and are currently monitoring the resultant impacts on the environment and the biodiversity.
title: The 2019 Mw6.4 Durres, Albania earthquake – anatomy of a thrust fault from high-resolution aftershock relocations
Creators: name: Schurr, Bernd
name: van der Heiden, Vincent
name: Woollam, Jack
name: Dushi, Edmond
name: Rietbrock, Andreas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The 2019, Mw 6.4 earthquake struck Albania at the Adriatic port city of Durres, 30 km away from the capital Tirana. It caused significant destruction and more than 50 deaths. The mainshock had thrust mechanism typical for the western Balkan margin along which the Adriatic micro plate collides with Europe. A dense temporary network of 30 seismic stations was deployed for 9 months to record the aftershock sequence. We applied a fully automated, machine learning-based detection and phase-picking routine to analyse the seismic data. This way more than 19,000 events were detected and located. Deriving cross-correlation-based differential travel times and relocating the entire catalogue of events with the HypoDD algorithm and a newly derived 1D velocity model reveals the fine-scale structure of the thrust fault. The rupture occurred on a ~30° NE dipping fault between approx. 10 and 20 km depth. The aftershocks collapse to several additional synthetic and antithetic structures highlighting a complex fault network.
title: Prof. Dr. Renate Klöcking
title: 21. März bis 29. November 2017
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bauerochse, Andreas
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 553.21
subject: Moor
subject: Nachruf
subject: obituary
subject: FID-GEO-DE-7

description: In memoriam Prof. Dr. Renate Klöcking (21. März 1935 bis 29. November 2017).
Integrated miRNA-mRNA profiling of coronavirus 229E infection in primary astrocytes
Creators: name: Schulz, Annika Lea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Despite the discovery of the ability of coronaviruses to infect neural cells over 25 years ago, the underlying molecular processes and the impact of coronavirus infection on these cells remain poorly characterized. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has brought renewed attention to the importance of understanding coronavirus neurotropism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the infectability of primary human astrocytes with both SARS-CoV-2 variants and the common cold coronavirus HCoV-229E. Given the robust infection that HCoV-229E established in astrocytes at 33°C, we hypothesized that this coronavirus elicits dynamic temporal dysregulation of both miRNA and mRNA expression in astrocytes. To test this hypothesis, we performed the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to profile the temporal changes in miRNA and mRNA expression patterns in response to HCoV-229E infection in astrocytes. The primary objective of this study was to identify key molecular pathways that undergo dysregulation over time in coronavirus-infected astrocytes. Specifically, we aimed to compare the miRNAs that are commonly dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection in bronchial epithelial cells with those observed in HCoV-229E-infected astrocytes. By doing so, we sought to determine whether the regulatory response to coronavirus infection in astrocytes shares similarities with that of bronchial epithelial cells. Understanding these shared regulatory mechanisms could shed light on the broader implications of coronavirus infections in different cell types. Remarkably, both models exhibited limited miRNA dysregulation despite robust levels of viral propagation. Significantly, miR-4443 and miR-1246 exhibited notable upregulation during the late stages of infection in both models of coronavirus infection. In-depth analysis of miRNA-mRNA interactions in these distinct models revealed multiple distinctive interactions, underscoring the context-dependent regulatory function of miRNAs within the infected cells. This study reveals novel miRNA and mRNA targets involved in coronavirus-host interactions within astrocytes, potentially providing new therapeutic targets for combating coronavirus infections. Additionally, the identified molecular alterations induced by HCoV-229E in astrocytes could also have broader implications for our understanding of the neuropathology and potential long-term consequences of coronavirus infections. Overall, this study represents a significant step towards unravelling the complex interplay between coronaviruses and the human CNS, with potential implications for both viral pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
title: Depositional conditions controlling organic carbon burial in fine-grained sediments of the North Sea – The Helgoland Mud Area as a test field
Creators: name: Mueller, Daniel
name: Liu, Bo
name: Geibert, Walter
name: Miramontes, Elda
name: Taubner, Heidi
name: Sander, Lasse
name: Holtappelsa, Moritz
name: Henkel, Susann
name: Dohrmann, Ingrid
name: Bethke, Denise
name: Volz, Jessica
name: Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Hinrichsb
name: Kasten, Sabine
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Fine-grained marine sediments are the largest permanent carbon sink on our planet. We chose the Helgoland Mud Area (HMA) as it represents the most important depocenter of such sediments in the German Bight and hosts a variety of sedimentary habitats that differ in key depositional factors – including water depth, sedimentation rates, grain size and origin of organic matter (OM). The HMA serves as a natural model area to (1) identify the main depositional drivers controlling the burial of organic carbon and (2) assess the efficiency of different sedimentary habitats as natural long-term carbon sinks. During two expeditions with RV Heincke, we collected a total of 16 MUC-cores from different areas of the HMA. Pore-water and solid-phase sampling and analyses were performed - including 210Pbxs to assess sedimentation rates and bioturbation depths, grain-size distribution, TOC contents and pore-water concentrations and stable carbon isotopic composition of DIC to determine the origin of the degrading OM. Sedimentation rates for the past ~200 years range from <0.5 to 6 mm yr-1 with highest rates in the southern and central part of the HMA. TOC contents typically vary from 1 to 2 wt% with highest values in areas of highest sedimentation rates. The source and reactivity of the degraded OM show large variations, ranging from marine origin in the NW to terrestrial sources in the S of the HMA. The obtained data set will be subject to statistical analysis to determine the key factors controlling the burial of organic carbon in fine-grained North Sea sediments.
Role of unfolded proteins in lung disease
Creators: name: Bradley, Kirsty L
name: Stokes, Clare A
name: Marciniak, Stefan J
name: Parker, Lisa C
name: Condliffe, Alison M
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: State of the art review
1506
2313
airway epithelium
asthma
viral infection
innate immunity
respiratory infection

description: The lungs are exposed to a range of environmental toxins (including cigarette smoke, air pollution, asbestos) and pathogens (bacterial, viral and fungal), and most respiratory diseases are associated with local or systemic hypoxia. All of these adverse factors can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER is a key intracellular site for synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins, regulating their folding, assembly into complexes, transport and degradation. Accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen results in ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Effectors of the UPR temporarily reduce protein synthesis, while enhancing degradation of misfolded proteins and increasing the folding capacity of the ER. If successful, homeostasis is restored and protein synthesis resumes, but if ER stress persists, cell death pathways are activated. ER stress and the resulting UPR occur in a range of pulmonary insults and the outcome plays an important role in many respiratory diseases. The UPR is triggered in the airway of patients with several respiratory diseases and in corresponding experimental models. ER stress has been implicated in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and evidence is accumulating suggesting that ER stress occurs in obstructive lung diseases (particularly in asthma), in pulmonary infections (some viral infections and in the setting of the cystic fibrosis airway) and in lung cancer. While a number of small molecule inhibitors have been used to interrogate the role of the UPR in disease models, many of these tools have complex and off-target effects, hence additional evidence (eg, from genetic manipulation) may be required to support conclusions based on the impact of such pharmacological agents. Aberrant activation of the UPR may be linked to disease pathogenesis and progression, but at present, our understanding of the context-specific and disease-specific mechanisms linking these processes is incomplete. Despite this, the ability of the UPR to defend against ER stress and influence a range of respiratory diseases is becoming increasingly evident, and the UPR is therefore attracting attention as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention strategies.
Identification of the X-Ray Thermal Dominant State in an Ultraluminous X-Ray Source in M82
Creators: name: Feng, Hua
name: Kaaret, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal dominant state in black hole binaries (BHBs) is well understood but rarely seen in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Using simultaneous observations of M82 with Chandra and XMM-Newton, we report the first likely identification of the thermal dominant state in a ULX based on the disappearance of X-ray oscillations, low timing noise, and a spectrum dominated by multicolor disk emission with luminosity varying to the 4th power of the disk temperature. This indicates that ULXs are similar to Galactic BHBs. The brightest X-ray spectrum can be fitted with a relativistic disk model with either a highly super-Eddington (L_disk/L_Edd = 160) non-rotating black hole or a close to Eddington (L_disk/L_Edd ~ 2) rapidly rotating black hole. The latter interpretation is preferred, due to the absence of such highly super-Eddington states in Galactic black holes and active galactic nuclei, and suggests that the ULX in M82 contains a black hole of 200-800 solar masses with nearly maximal spin. On long timescales, the source normally stays at a relatively low flux level with a regular 62-day orbital modulation and occasionally exhibits irregular flaring activity. The thermal dominant states are all found during outbursts.
description: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters