cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Speed of sound in dense matter and two families of compact stars
Creators: name: Traversi, Silvia
name: Char, Prasanta
name: Pagliara, Giuseppe
name: Drago, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of massive compact stars $(M\gtrsim 2.1 M_{\odot})$ implies that the conformal limit of the speed of sound $c_s^2=1/3$ is violated if those stars have a crust of ordinary nuclear matter. Here we show that, if the most massive objects are strange quark stars, i.e. stars entirely composed of quarks, the conformal limit can be respected while observational limits on those objects are also satisfied. By using astrophysical data associated with those massive stars, derived from electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals, we show, within a Bayesian analysis framework and by adopting a constant speed of sound equation of state, that the posterior distribution of $c_s^2$ is peaked around 0.3, and the maximum mass of the most probable equation of state is $\sim 2.13 M_{\odot}$. We discuss which new data would require a violation of the conformal limit even when considering strange quark stars, in particular we analyze the possibility that the maximum mass of compact stars is larger than $2.5M_{\odot}$, as it would be if the secondary component of GW190814 is a compact star and not a black hole. Finally, we discuss how the new data for PSR J0740+6620 obtained by the NICER collaboration compare with our analysis (not based on them) and with other possible interpretations.
Advances in guanidine ligand design: Synthesis of a strongly electron-donating, imidazolin-2-iminato functionalized guanidinate and its properties on iron
Creators: name: Castillo, Maximiliano
name: Barreda, Omar
name: Arnab K. Maity
name: Barraza, Brian
name: Lu, Jeffrey
name: Metta-Magaña, Alejandro J.
name: Fortier, Skye
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Imidazolin-2-imines (ImRN-), derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes, have been shown to be strong electron donors when directly coordinated to metals or when used as a substituent in larger ligand frameworks. In an attempt to enhance the electron-donating properties of the guanidine ligand class, the effect of appending an ImRN- backbone onto a guanidinate scaffold was investigated. Addition of 1 equiv of [Li(Et2O)][ImtBuN] to the aryl carbodiimide (dippN)2C (dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) cleanly affords the lithium ImtBuN-functionalized guanidinate [Li(THF)2][(ImtBuN)C(Ndipp)2] (1). Subsequent metalation of the ligand with FeBr2 gives the yellow Fe(II) complex {[(ImtBuN)C(Ndipp)2]FeBr}2 (4) in good yield. Solid-state structural analyses of 1 and 4 show the ImtBuN- group acts as a non-coordinating backbone substituent. Direct structural comparison of 4 to the closely related guanidinate and ketimine-guanidinate complexes {[(X)C(Ndipp)2]FeBr}2 (X = tBu2C=N (5); N(iPr)2 (6)), differing only in their backbone, reveals a resonance contribution of the ImtBuN- group to the guanidinate ligand electronic structure. Moreover, the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple of 4 (E1/2 = -0.67 V) is cathodically shifted by greater than 200 mV from the oxidation potentials of 5 (E1/2 = -0.42 V) and 6 (E1/2 = -0.45 V), demonstrating the [(ImtBuN)C(Ndipp)2]- system to be a quantifiably superior electron donor.
Isochronic evolution and the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei
Creators: name: Sprouse, T. M.
name: Misch, G. Wendell
name: Mumpower, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the creation and application of a novel decay network that uses the latest data from experiment and evaluation. We use the network to simulate the late-time phase of the rapid neutron capture (r) process. In this epoch, the bulk of nuclear reactions, such as radiative capture, have ceased and nuclear decays are the dominant transmutation channels. We find that the decay from short-lived to long-lived species naturally leads to an isochronic evolution in which nuclei with similar half-lives are populated at the same time. We consider random perturbations along each isobaric chain to initial solar-like r-process compositions to demonstrate the isochronic nature of the late-time phase of the r-process. Our analysis shows that detailed knowledge of the final isotopic composition allows for the prediction of late-time evolution with a high degree of confidence despite uncertainties that exist in astrophysical conditions and the nuclear physics properties of the most neutron-rich nuclei. We provide the time-dependent nuclear composition in the Appendix as supplemental material.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 appendix. Submitted to The Astrophsyical Journal
title: The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron as a tool to study high energy density physics
Creators: name: Tahir, N. A.
name: Schmidt, R.
name: Brugger, M.
name: Assmann, R.
name: Shutov, A. V.
name: Lomonosov, I. V.
name: Piriz, A. R.
name: Hoffmann, D. H. H.
name: Deutsch, C.
name: Fortov, V. E.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: An experimental facility named HiRadMat, will be constructed at CERN to study the impact of the 450 GeV c⁻¹ proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) on solid targets. This is designed to study damage caused to the equipment including absorbers, collimators and others in case of an accidental release of the beam energy. This paper presents two-dimensional numerical simulations of target behavior irradiated by the SPS beam. These numerical simulations have shown that the target will be completely destroyed in such an accident, thereby generating high energy density (HED) matter. This study therefore suggests that this facility may also be used for carrying out dedicated experiments to study HED states in matter.
Symbolic computation of hypergeometric type and non-holonomic power series
Creators: name: Tabuguia, Bertrand Teguia
name: Koepf, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary: 33F10, 30B60, Secondary: 33C20, 39A99

description: A term $a_n$ is $m$-fold hypergeometric, for a given positive integer $m$, if the ratio $a_{n+m}/a_n$ is a rational function over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. We establish the structure of holonomic recurrence equation, i.e. linear and homogeneous recurrence equations having polynomial coefficients, that have $m$-fold hypergeometric term solutions over $K$, for any positive integer $m$. Consequently, we describe an algorithm, say $mfoldHyper$, that extends van Hoeij's algorithm (1998) which computes a basis of the subspace of hypergeometric $(m=1)$ term solutions of holonomic recurrence equations to the more general case of $m$-fold hypergeometric terms. We generalize the concept of hypergeometric type power series introduced by Koepf (1992), by considering linear combinations of Laurent-Puiseux series whose coefficients are $m$-fold hypergeometric terms. Thus thanks to $mfoldHyper$, we deduce a complete procedure to compute these power series; indeed, it turns out that every linear combination of power series with $m$-fold hypergeometric term coefficients, for finitely many values of $m$, is detected. On the other hand, we investigate an algorithm to represent power series of non-holonomic functions. The algorithm follows the same steps of Koepf's algorithm, but instead of seeking holonomic differential equations, quadratic differential equations are computed and the Cauchy product rule is used to deduce recurrence equations for the power series coefficients. This algorithm defines a normal function that yields together with enough initial values normal forms for many power series of non-holonomic functions. Therefore, non-trivial identities are automatically proved using this approach. This paper is accompanied by implementations in the Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) Maxima 5.44.0 and Maple 2019.
description: 68 pages
Topological surface currents accessed through reversible hydrogenation of the three-dimensional bulk
Creators: name: Deng, Haiming
name: Zhao, Lukas
name: Park, Kyungwha
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Sobczak, Kamil
name: Krusin-Elbaum, Lia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen, the smallest and most abundant element in nature, can be efficiently incorporated within a solid and drastically modify its electronic state - it has been known to induce novel magnetoelectric effects in complex perovskites and modulate insulator-to-metal transition in a correlated Mott oxide. Here we demonstrate that hydrogenation resolves an outstanding challenge in chalcogenide classes of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators and magnets - the control of intrinsic bulk conduction that denies access to quantum surface transport. With electrons donated by a reversible binding of H+ ions to Te(Se) chalcogens, carrier densities are easily changed by over 10^20 cm^-3, allowing tuning the Fermi level into the bulk bandgap to enter surface/edge current channels. The hydrogen-tuned topological materials are stable at room temperature and tunable disregarding bulk size, opening a breadth of platforms for harnessing emergent topological states.
Optimization of Flat to Round Transformers with Self-fields using Adjoint Techniques
Creators: name: Dovlatyan, L.
name: Beaudoin, B. L.
name: Bernal, S.
name: Haber, I.
name: Sutter, D.
name: Antonsen, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A continuous system of moment equations is introduced that models the transverse dynamics of a beam of charged particles as it passes through an arbitrary lattice of quadrupoles and solenoids in the presence of self-fields. Then, figures of merit are introduced specifying system characteristics to be optimized. The resulting model is used to optimize the parameters of the lattice elements of a flat to round transformer with self-fields, as could be applied in electron cooling. Results are shown for a case of no self-fields and two cases with self-fields. The optimization is based on a gradient descent algorithm in which the gradient is calculated using adjoint methods that prove to be very computationally efficient. Two figures of merit are studied and compared: one emphasizing radial force balance in the solenoid, the other emphasizing minimization of transverse beam energy in the solenoid.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Medicinal Chemistry in Common View.doc
Creators: name: Roberts, Hannah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 60101 Analytical Biochemistry
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To be brief, medicinal chemistry is a new drug discovery and invention, which requires a wide range of applications. Therefore, a solid foundation for medicinal chemistry development should be created, in order to obtain new chemical entity development of new medicines. Certainly, such view is merely personal opinion, meaning such issue still demands more efforts. Source(Read full text):http://alfachemistry.blog.com/2016/02/04/medicinal-chemistry-in-common-view/
Effect of internal resonance on the dynamics of MoS2 resonator
Creators: name: Arora, Nishta
name: Naik, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear modal interactions and associated internal resonance phenomena have recently been used to demonstrate improved oscillator performance and enhanced sensing capabilities. Here, we show tunable modal interaction in a MoS2 resonator. We achieve the tunability of coupling between these initially uncoupled modes by using electrostatic gate voltages. This tunable coupling enables us to make the modes commensurate and observe energy exchange between the modes. We attribute the strong energy exchange between the vibrational modes to 2:1 internal resonance. This interaction strongly affects the dynamics of the modal response of such resonators. We observe peak splitting, a signature of energy exchange between the modes even when the modal response is in the linear regime. We model our device to explain the observed effect of excitation, detuning of modal frequencies, and intermodal coupling strength on the resonator dynamics. MoS2 resonators explored in this work are ideal for understanding the rich dynamics offered through the intermodal coupling.
description: Article (15 pages, 5 figures) and Supplementary Information
The Manifold Of Variations: impact location of short-term impactors
Creators: name: Del Vigna, Alessio
name: Dimare, Linda
name: Cioci, Davide Bracali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interest in the problem of small asteroids observed shortly before a deep close approach or an impact with the Earth has grown a lot in recent years. Since the observational dataset of such objects is very limited, they deserve dedicated orbit determination and hazard assessment methods. The currently available systems are based on the systematic ranging, a technique providing a 2-dimensional manifold of orbits compatible with the observations, the so-called Manifold Of Variations. In this paper we first review the Manifold Of Variations method, to then show how this set of virtual asteroids can be used to predict the impact location of short-term impactors, and compare the results with those of already existent methods.
Cwikel Estimates and Negative Eigenvalues of Schroedinger Operators on Noncommutative Tori
Creators: name: McDonald, Edward
name: Ponge, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B34, 47B10, 81Q10

description: In this paper, we establish Cwikel-type estimates for noncommutative tori for any dimension~$n\geq 2$. We use them to derive Cwikel-Lieb-Rozenblum inequalities and and Lieb-Thirring inequalities for the number of negative eigenvalues of fractional Schroedinger operators on noncommutative tori in any dimension~$n\geq 2$. The latter leads to a Sobolev inequality for noncommutative tori. On the way we establish a "borderline version" of the abstract Birman-Schwinger principle for the number of negative eigenvalues of relatively compact form perturbations of a non-negative semi-bounded operator with isolated 0-eigenvalue.
description: v3: major changes. The new version contains new material on Lieb-Thirring inequalities and Sobolev inequality on NC tori + explicit bounds for the best constants for the various inequalities established in the paper. 38 pages
Eigenstate Fluctuation Theorem in the Short and Long Time Regimes
Creators: name: Iyoda, Eiki
name: Kaneko, Kazuya
name: Sagawa, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical ensemble plays a crucial role in statistical mechanics in and out of equilibrium. For example, the standard derivation of the fluctuation theorem relies on the assumption that the initial state of the heat bath is the canonical ensemble. On the other hand, the recent progress in the foundation of statistical mechanics has revealed that a thermal equilibrium state is not necessarily described by the canonical ensemble but can be a quantum pure state or even a single energy eigenstate, as formulated by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Then, a question raised is how these two pictures, the canonical ensemble and a single energy eigenstate as a thermal equilibrium state, are compatible in the fluctuation theorem. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically show that the fluctuation theorem holds in both of the long and short-time regimes, even when the initial state of the bath is a single energy eigenstate of a many-body system. Our proof of the fluctuation theorem in the long-time regime is based on the ETH, while it was previously shown in the short-time regime on the basis of the Lieb-Robinson bound and the ETH [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 100601 (2017)]. The proofs for these time regimes are theoretically independent and complementary, implying the fluctuation theorem in the entire time domain. We also perform a systematic numerical simulation of hard-core bosons by exact diagonalization and verify the fluctuation theorem in both of the time regimes by focusing on the finite-size scaling. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanism that the fluctuation theorem emerges from unitary dynamics of quantum many-body systems, and can be tested by experiments with, e.g., ultracold atoms.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures
Schrödinger operators with complex sparse potentials
Creators: name: Cuenin, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish quantitative upper and lower bounds for Schrödinger operators with complex potentials that satisfy some weak form of sparsity. Our first result is a quantitative version of an example, due to S.\ Boegli (Comm. Math. Phys., 2017, 352, 629-639), of a Schrödinger operator with eigenvalues accumulating to every point of the essential spectrum. The second result shows that the eigenvalue bounds of Frank (Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., 2011, 43, 745-750 and Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 2018, 370, 219-240) can be improved for sparse potentials. The third result generalizes a theorem of Klaus (Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Sect. A (N.S.), 1983, 38, 7-13) on the characterization of the essential spectrum to the multidimensional non-selfadjoint case. The fourth result shows that, in one dimension, the purely imaginary (non-sparse) step potential has unexpectedly many eigenvalues, comparable to the number of resonances. Our examples show that several known upper bounds are sharp.
description: 40 pages; a few typos corrected
Machine Translation in the Covid domain: an English-Irish case study for LoResMT 2021
Creators: name: Lankford, Séamus
name: Afli, Haithem
name: Way, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Translation models for the specific domain of translating Covid data from English to Irish were developed for the LoResMT 2021 shared task. Domain adaptation techniques, using a Covid-adapted generic 55k corpus from the Directorate General of Translation, were applied. Fine-tuning, mixed fine-tuning and combined dataset approaches were compared with models trained on an extended in-domain dataset. As part of this study, an English-Irish dataset of Covid related data, from the Health and Education domains, was developed. The highest-performing model used a Transformer architecture trained with an extended in-domain Covid dataset. In the context of this study, we have demonstrated that extending an 8k in-domain baseline dataset by just 5k lines improved the BLEU score by 27 points.
Novel indolyl-chalcones target stathmin to induce cancer cell death
Creators: name: Wegiel, Barbara
name: Yiqiang Wang
name: Li, Mailin
name: Finith Jernigan
name: Lijun Sun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Efficacy of current therapies for advanced and metastatic cancers remains a challenge in clinical practice. We investigated the anti-cancer potency of 3 novel indoly-chalcones (CITs). Our results indicated the lead molecule CIT-026 (Formula = C20H16FNO) induced cell death in prostate and lung cancer cell lines at sub-micromolar concentration. CITs (CIT-026, CIT-214, CIT-223) lead to microtubule destabilization, cell death and low cell proliferation, which in part was dependent on stathmin (STMN1) expression. Knockdown of STMN1 with siRNA against STMN1 in part restored viability of cancer cells in response to CITs. Further, CIT-026 and CIT-223 blocked cancer cell invasion through matrigel-coated chambers. Mechanistically, CITs inhibited phosphorylation of STMN1 leading to STMN1 accumulation and mitotic catastrophe. In summary, we have synthetized novel anti-cancer CIT molecules and defined their mechanism of action in vitro.
The Podles spheres converge to the sphere
Creators: name: Aguilar, Konrad
name: Kaad, Jens
name: Kyed, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B32, 58B34, 46L89, 46L30, 81R15, 81R60

description: We prove that the Podles spheres $S_q^2$ converge in quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance to the classical 2-sphere as the deformation parameter $q$ tends to 1. Moreover, we construct a $q$-deformed analogue of the fuzzy spheres, and prove that they converge to $S_q^2$ as their linear dimension tends to infinity, thus providing a quantum counterpart to a classical result of Rieffel.
description: 34 pages
Novel Indolyl-chalcones Target Stathmin to Induce Cancer Cell Death
Creators: name: Wegiel, Barbara
name: Yiqiang Wang
name: Li, Mailin
name: Finith Jernigan
name: Lijun Sun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Efficacy of current therapies for advanced and metastatic cancers remains a challenge in clinical practice. We investigated the anti-cancer potency of three novel indoly-chalcones (CITs). Our results indicated the lead molecule CIT-026 (Formula = C20H16FNO) induced cell death in prostate and lung cancer cell lines at sub-micromolar concentration. CITs (CIT-026, CIT-214, CIT-223) lead to microtubule destabilization, cell death and low cell proliferation, which in part was dependent on stathmin (STMN1) expression. Knockdown of STMN1 with siRNA against STMN1 in part restored viability of cancer cells in response to CITs. Further, CIT-026 and CIT-223 blocked cancer cell invasion through matrigel-coated chambers. Mechanistically, CITs inhibited phosphorylation of STMN1 leading to STMN1 accumulation and mitotic catastrophe. In summary, we have identified novel anti-cancer CIT molecules and defined their mechanism of action in vitro.
Heavy Neutrino Searches via Same-sign Lepton Pairs at the Higgs Factory
Creators: name: Gao, Yu
name: Wang, Kechen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the $e^-e^+\to Zh_1$ sensitivity for Higgs boson's rare decay into heavy neutrinos $h_1 \to NN$ at the proposed electron-positron collider, with the focus on multi-lepton final states that contain same-sign lepton pairs. $h_1 \to NN$ decay can derive from Higgs boson's mixing with new physics scalar(s) that is complementary to the contribution from active-sterile neutrino mixings. We consider the scenario with a singlet scalar which gives the heavy neutrino mass and has a small mixing with the SM Higgs boson. We analyze the semileptonic, fully leptonic and mixed $NN$ decay scenarios, and categorize the signal on the number of leptons in the final state: $ \ell^\pm \ell^\pm$ with at least 3 jets, $\ell^\pm \ell^\pm \ell$ with at least 2 jets, and $e^\pm e^\pm μ^\mp μ^\mp$ plus with at least 1 jet, each containing one or two same-sign dilepton system(s). Selection cuts are optimized for the presence of the associated $Z$-boson, which leads to additional backgrounds at the $e^-e^+$ collider. The Standard Model background channels are systematically analyzed. Sensitivity limits on $h_1 \rightarrow NN$ branching fractions are derived for signals with 2-4 final leptons assuming the heavy neutrino masses are between 10 and 60 GeV. With 240 GeV center-of-mass energy and 5.6 ab$^{-1}$ design luminosity, $h_1 \rightarrow NN$ branching fraction can be probed to $2\times 10^{-4}$ in $2\ell$ and $3\ell$ channels, and $6\times 10^{-4}$ in the $4\ell$ channel at $95\%$ confidence level. $3\ell, 4\ell$ channels expect one or fewer background event, and their sensitivities saturate the statistic limit at 5.6 ab$^{-1}$ luminosity. A same-sign trilepton ($\ell^\pm \ell^\pm \ell^\pm$) signal in the $3\ell$ channel is also discussed. Our search strategy provides an approach to discovering the singlet scalar and exploring the origin of neutrino masses at future $e^-e^+$ colliders.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, add some comments
Kondo effect and spin-orbit coupling in graphene quantum dots
Creators: name: Kurzmann, Annika
name: Kleeorin, Yaakov
name: Tong, Chuyao
name: Garreis, Rebekka
name: Knothe, Angelika
name: Eich, Marius
name: Mittag, Christopher
name: Gold, Carolin
name: de Vries, Folkert K.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir
name: Meir, Yigal
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo effect is a cornerstone in the study of strongly correlated fermions. The coherent exchange coupling of conduction electrons to local magnetic moments gives rise to a Kondo cloud that screens the impurity spin. Whereas complete Kondo screening has been explored widely, realizations of the underscreened scenario - where only some of several Kondo channels participate in the screening - remain rare. Here we report the observation of fully screened and underscreened Kondo effects in quantum dots in bilayer graphene. More generally, we introduce a unique platform for studying Kondo physics. In contrast to carbon nanotubes, whose curved surfaces give rise to strong spin-orbit coupling breaking the SU(4) symmetry of the electronic states relevant for the Kondo effect, we study a nominally flat carbon material with small spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, the unusual two-electron triplet ground state in bilayer graphene dots provides a route to exploring the underscreened spin-1 Kondo effect.
PRISMA 2020 Checklists
Creators: name: Stanikzai, M. Eshaq
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 380109
subject: Industry economics and industrial organisation
classificationCode: 350710
subject: Organisational behaviour
classificationCode: 350709
subject: Organisation and management theory
classificationCode: 350711
subject: Organisational planning and management
classificationCode: 350799
subject: Strategy, management and organisational behaviour not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 350718
subject: Strategy

description: This is the 2020 checklist for PRISMA.
Abstract McKean-Vlasov and HJB equations, their fractional versions and related forward-backward systems on Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Kolokoltsov, Vassili N.
name: Troeva, Marianna S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A08, 35S15, 45G15

description: We introduce a class of abstract nonlinear fractional pseudo-differential equations in Banach spaces that includes both the Mc-Kean-Vlasov-type equations describing nonlinear Markov processes and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)-Isaacs equation of stochastic control and games thus allowing for a unified analysis of these equations. This leads to an effective theory of coupled forward-backward systems (forward McKean-Vlasov evolution and backward HJB-Isaacs evolution) that are central to the modern theory of mean-field games.
description: Submitted for publication to MIAN Proceedings, v. 315
Diameter estimation of gradient $ρ$-Einstein solitons
Creators: name: Shaikh, Absos Ali
name: Mandal, Prosenjit
name: Mondal, Chandan Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 53C21, 53C25

description: Our aim in this article is to give a lower bound of the diameter of a compact gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton satisfying some given conditions. We have also deduced some conditions of the gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton with bounded Ricci curvature to become non-shrinking and non-expanding. Further, we have proved that a complete non-compact gradient shrinking or expanding Schouten soliton with non-constant potential and a boundedness condition on scalar curvature must be non-parabolic.
description: 11 pages
Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway triggers autophagy response to Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection
Creators: name: Bretin, Alexis
name: Carrière, Jessica
name: Dalmasso, Guillaume
name: Bergougnoux, Agnès
name: B'chir, Wafa
name: Anne-Catherine Maurin
name: Müller, Stefan
name: Seibold, Frank
name: Barnich, Nicolas
name: Bruhat, Alain
name: Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
name: Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The intestinal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients is abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Upon AIEC infection, autophagy is induced in host cells to restrain bacterial intracellular replication. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in the autophagic response to AIEC infection. We showed that infection of human intestinal epithelial T84 cells with the AIEC reference strain LF82 activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, as evidenced by increased phospho-EIF2AK4, phospho-EIF2A and ATF4 levels. EIF2AK4 depletion inhibited autophagy activation in response to LF82 infection, leading to increased LF82 intracellular replication and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, EIF2AK4 depletion suppressed the LF82-induced ATF4 binding to promoters of several autophagy genes including MAP1LC3B, BECN1, SQSTM1, ATG3 and ATG7, and this subsequently inhibited transcription of these genes. LF82 infection of wild-type (WT), but not eif2ak4−/−, mice activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, inducing autophagy gene transcription and autophagy response in enterocytes. Consequently, eif2ak4−/− mice exhibited increased intestinal colonization by LF82 bacteria and aggravated inflammation compared to WT mice. Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway was observed in ileal biopsies from patients with noninflamed CD, and this was suppressed in inflamed CD, suggesting that a defect in the activation of this pathway could be one of the mechanisms contributing to active disease. In conclusion, we show that activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway upon AIEC infection serves as a host defense mechanism to induce functional autophagy to control AIEC intracellular replication.
Improved treatments of the ionizing photon mean free path in semi-numerical simulations of reionization
Creators: name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient and accurate simulations of the reionization epoch are crucial to exploring the vast uncharted parameter space that will soon be constrained by measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum. One of these parameters, $R_{\rm max}$, is meant to characterize the absorption of photons by residual neutral gas inside of ionized regions, but has historically been implemented in a very simplistic fashion acting only as a maximum filtering scale. We leverage the correspondence between excursion set methods and the integrated flux from ionizing sources to define two physically-motivated prescriptions of the mean free path of ionizing photons that smoothly attenuate the contribution from distant sources. Implementation of these methods in semi-numerical reionization codes requires only modest additional computational effort due to the fact that spatial filtering is still performed on scales larger than the characteristic absorption distance. We find that our smoothly-defined mean free path prescriptions more effectively suppress large-scale structures in the ionization field in semi-numerical reionization simulations compared to the standard $R_{\rm max}$ approach, and the magnitude of the mean free path modulates the power spectrum in a much smoother manner. We show that this suppression of large-scale power is significant enough to be relevant for upcoming 21 cm power spectrum observations. Finally, we show that in our model the mean free path plays a larger role in regulating the reionization history than in models using $R_{\rm max}$.
description: 13 pages, 12+2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: The phase diagram of random threshold networks
Creators: name: Szejka, Agnes
name: Mihaljev, Tamara
name: Drossel, Barbara
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Threshold networks are used as models for neural or gene regulatory networks. They show rich dynamical behaviour with a transition between a frozen phase and a chaotic phase. We investigate the phase diagram of randomly connected threshold networks with real-valued thresholds h and a fixed number of inputs per node. The nodes are updated according to the same rules as in a model of the cell-cycle network of Saccharomyces cereviseae (Li et al 2004 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101 4781–6). Using the annealed approximation, we derive expressions for the time evolution of the proportion of nodes in the ‘on’ and ‘off’ states, and for the sensitivity λ. The results are compared with simulations of quenched networks. We find that for integer values of h the simulations show marked deviations from the annealed approximation even for large networks. This can be attributed to the particular choice of the updating rule.
Joint Survey Processing I: Compact oddballs in the COSMOS field -- low-luminosity Quasars at z > 6?
Creators: name: Faisst, Andreas L.
name: Chary, Ranga Ram
name: Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio
name: Paladini, Roberta
name: Rusholme, Benjamin
name: Stickley, Nathaniel
name: Helou, George
name: Weaver, John R.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Miyatake, Hironao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The faint-end slope of the quasar luminosity function at z~6 and its implication on the role of quasars in reionizing the intergalactic medium at early times has been an outstanding problem for some time. The identification of faint high-redshift quasars with luminosities of <1e44.5 erg/s is challenging. They are rare (few per square-degree) and the separation of these unresolved quasars from late-type stars and compact star-forming galaxies is difficult from ground-based observations alone. In addition, source confusion becomes significant at >25mag, with 30% of sources having their flux contaminated by foreground objects when the seeing resolution is ~0.7". We mitigate these issues by performing a pixel-level joint processing of ground and space-based data from Subaru/HSC and HST/ACS. We create a deconfused catalog over the 1.64 square-degrees of the COSMOS field, after accounting for spatial varying PSFs and astrometric differences between the two datasets. We identify twelve low-luminosity (M_UV ~ -21 mag) z>6 quasar candidates through (i) their red color measured between ACS/F814W and HSC/i-band and (ii) their compactness in the space-based data. Non-detections of our candidates in Hubble DASH data argues against contamination from late-type stars. Our constraints on the faint end of the quasar luminosity function at z~6.4 suggests a negligibly small contribution to reionization compared to the star-forming galaxy population. The confirmation of our candidates and the evolution of number density with redshift could provide better insights into how supermassive galaxies grew in the first billion years of cosmic time.
description: 24 pages (incl. Appendix), 21 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
Direct Symbol Decoding using GA-SVM in Chaotic Baseband Wireless Communication System
Creators: name: Yin, Hui-Ping
name: Ren, Hai-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To retrieve the information from the serious distorted received signal is the key challenge of communication signal processing. The chaotic baseband communication promises theoretically to eliminate the inter-symbol interference (ISI), however, it needs complicated calculation, if it is not impossible. In this paper, a genetic algorithm support vector machine (GA-SVM) based symbol detection method is proposed for chaotic baseband wireless communication system (CBWCS), by this way, treating the problem from a different viewpoint, the symbol decoding process is converted to be a binary classification through GA-SVM model. A trained GA-SVM model is used to decode the symbols directly at the receiver, so as to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the CBWCS and simplify the symbol detection process by removing the channel identification and the threshold calculation process as compared to that using the calculated threshold to decode symbol in the traditional methods. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better BER performance in both the static and time-varying wireless channels. The experimental results, based on the wireless open-access research platform, indicate that the BER of the proposed GA-SVM based symbol detection approach is superior to the other counterparts under a practical wireless multipath channel.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures
Metrological characterisation of non-Gaussian entangled states of superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Xu, Kai
name: Zhang, Yu-Ran
name: Sun, Zheng-Hang
name: Li, Hekang
name: Song, Pengtao
name: Xiang, Zhongcheng
name: Huang, Kaixuan
name: Li, Hao
name: Shi, Yun-Hao
name: Chen, Chi-Tong
name: Song, Xiaohui
name: Zheng, Dongning
name: Nori, Franco
name: Wang, H.
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multipartite entangled states are significant resources for both quantum information processing and quantum metrology. In particular, non-Gaussian entangled states are predicted to achieve a higher sensitivity of precision measurements than Gaussian states. On the basis of metrological sensitivity, the conventional linear Ramsey squeezing parameter (RSP) efficiently characterises the Gaussian entangled atomic states but fails for much wider classes of highly sensitive non-Gaussian states. These complex non-Gaussian entangled states can be classified by the nonlinear squeezing parameter (NLSP), as a generalisation of the RSP with respect to nonlinear observables, and identified via the Fisher information. However, the NLSP has never been measured experimentally. Using a 19-qubit programmable superconducting processor, here we report the characterisation of multiparticle entangled states generated during its nonlinear dynamics. First, selecting 10 qubits, we measure the RSP and the NLSP by single-shot readouts of collective spin operators in several different directions. Then, by extracting the Fisher information of the time-evolved state of all 19 qubits, we observe a large metrological gain of 9.89$^{+0.28}_{-0.29}$ dB over the standard quantum limit, indicating a high level of multiparticle entanglement for quantum-enhanced phase sensitivity. Benefiting from high-fidelity full controls and addressable single-shot readouts, the superconducting processor with interconnected qubits provides an ideal platform for engineering and benchmarking non-Gaussian entangled states that are useful for quantum-enhanced metrology.
description: 13+12 pages, 10+2 figures
Influence of intense laser fields on measurable quantities in $W^{-}$-boson decay
Creators: name: Jakha, M.
name: Mouslih, S.
name: Taj, S.
name: Manaut, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In principle, this paper suggests powerful laser technology as a promising instrument that can be experimentally useful to control the lifetime and branching ratio for an unstable particle decay. In a recent paper [arXiv:2101.00224], we calculated theoretically the $W^{-}$-boson leptonic decay $(W^{-}\rightarrow \ell^{-} \barν_{\ell})$ in the presence of a circularly polarized laser and we showed that the laser significantly contributed to the diminution of the leptonic decay rate. In this paper, as a continuation of the previous one, we mainly deal with the theoretical calculation of the $W^{-}$-boson hadronic decay $(W^{-}\rightarrow q \bar{q}')$ and we combine the analytical results obtained in both papers to examine the effect of an intense laser, in terms of its field strength and frequency, on the three measurable quantities in $W^{-}$-boson decay (total decay rate, lifetime and branching ratios). It was found that the laser has notably contributed to the reduction of the total decay rate leading to a longer lifetime. Most importantly, the two branching ratios (one for leptons and the other for hadrons) are affected (increased or decreased) by the presence of a strong external electromagnetic field. Combined together, these two complementary works may provide an in-depth and comprehensive study that would be useful for any experimental investigation in the future.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Time-dependent dysregulation of autophagy: Implications in aging and mitochondrial homeostasis in the kidney proximal tubule
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takeshi
name: Yoshitsugu Takabatake
name: Kimura, Tomonori
name: Takahashi, Atsushi
name: Namba, Tomoko
name: Matsuda, Jun
name: Minami, Satoshi
name: Jun-Ya Kaimori
name: Matsui, Isao
name: Kitamura, Harumi
name: Matsusaka, Taiji
name: Niimura, Fumio
name: Yanagita, Motoko
name: Isaka, Yoshitaka
name: Rakugi, Hiromi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Autophagy plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis through the quality control of proteins and organelles. Although a time-dependent decline in autophagic activity is believed to be involved in the aging process, the issue remains controversial. We previously demonstrated that autophagy maintains proximal tubular cell homeostasis and protects against kidney injury. Here, we extend that study and examine how autophagy is involved in kidney aging. Unexpectedly, the basal autophagic activity was higher in the aged kidney than that in young kidney; short-term cessation of autophagy in tamoxifen-inducible proximal tubule-specific autophagy-deficient mice increased the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62- and ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the aged kidney. By contrast, autophagic flux in response to metabolic stress was blunted with aging, as demonstrated by the observation that transgenic mice expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B fusion construct, showed a drastic increase of GFP-positive puncta in response to starvation in young mice compared to a slight increase observed in aged mice. Finally, proximal tubule-specific autophagy-deficient mice at 24 mo of age exhibited a significant deterioration in kidney function and fibrosis concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction as well as mitochondrial DNA abnormalities and nuclear DNA damage, all of which are hallmark characteristics of cellular senescence. These results suggest that age-dependent high basal autophagy plays a crucial role in counteracting kidney aging through mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, a reduced capacity for upregulation of autophagic flux in response to metabolic stress may be associated with age-related kidney diseases.
Quantum effects on plasma screening for thermonuclear reactions in laser-generated plasmas
Creators: name: Elsing, David
name: Pálffy, Adriana
name: Wu, Yuanbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum plasma screening model based on the density matrix formalism is used to investigate theoretically the thermonuclear reactions $^{13}$C($α$, $n$)$^{16}$O and $^2$H($d$, $n$)$^3$He in laser-generated plasmas over a large range of densities and temperatures. For cold and dense (solid-state density) plasmas, our results show that quantum effects can enhance the plasma screening for thermonuclear reactions up to one order of magnitude compared to the classical case. This result can have impact on nuclear astrophysics predictions, and also may play a role for fusion energy gain prospects. Our simulations allow us to identify the laser-generated plasma experimental setting in which the quantum effects on plasma screening could be confirmed at existing high-intensity laser facilities.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Physical Review Research
Inferring Glacier Summer Mass Balance From Tree-Rings in Rhaetian Alps (Italy)
Creators: name: Cerrato, Riccardo
name: Carturan, Luca
name: Salvatore, Maria Cristina
name: Baroni, Carlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mass Balance
Tree-Rings
Careser Glacier
Dendroglaciology
Italian Alps

description: The poster was presented at the International Conference on Geomorphology of 2017 held in New Delhi, India.