cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Impact of Bankruptcy Reform on Insolvency Choice and Consumer Credit
Creators: name: Allen, Jason
name: Basiri, Kiana
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We examine the impact of the 2009 amendments to the Canadian Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act on insolvency decisions. Rule changes steered debtors out of division I proposals and into the more cost-effective division II proposals. This also led to a significant substitution out of bankruptcies and into proposals. Using credit bureau data on credit card limits we test, but do not find, any evidence that this substitution into more creditor-friendly insolvencies had any impact on average lending behavior, either immediately following the amendments or up to six years removed.
description: Nous analysons les effets des modifications apportées à la Loi sur la faillite et l’insolvabilité en 2009 sur les décisions d’insolvabilité. Les changements de règles font sortir les débiteurs des propositions de la Section I et les dirigent vers les propositions concordataires plus efficientes de la Section II. Ces changements aboutissent à une hausse sensible des propositions aux dépens des faillites. À l’aide de données du bureau de crédit sur les limites de crédit des cartes, nous procédons à des tests sans toutefois trouver de preuves que cette substitution au profit d’insolvabilités plus favorables aux créanciers a eu une quelconque incidence sur le comportement général des prêteurs, que ce soit juste après l’entrée en vigueur des modifications ou bien six ans plus tard.
Solving Solar Neutrino Puzzle via LMA MSW Conversion
Creators: name: Liu, Q. Y.
name: Chen, B. L.
name: Zhou, J.
name: Luo, M. J.
name: Jing, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO's salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region's area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99.73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.
description: 6 eps figures
Planar Gravitational Corrections For Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Dijkgraaf, R.
name: Grisaru, M. T.
name: Ooguri, H.
name: Vafa, C.
name: Zanon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss the contribution of planar diagrams to gravitational F-terms for N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories admitting a large N description. We show how the planar diagrams lead to a universal contribution at the extremum of the glueball superpotential, leaving only the genus one contributions, as was previously conjectured. We also discuss the physical meaning of gravitational F-terms.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
title: Early Warning of Financial Stress Events: A Credit-Regime-Switching Approach
Creators: name: Li, Fuchun
name: Xiao, Hongyu
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We propose an early warning model for predicting the likelihood of a financial stress event for a given future time, and examine whether credit plays an important role in the model as a non-linear propagator of shocks. This propagation takes the form of a threshold regression in which a regime change occurs if credit conditions cross a critical threshold. The in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting performances are encouraging. In particular, the out-of-sample forecasting results suggest that the model based on the credit-regime-switching approach outperforms the benchmark models based on a linear regression and signal extraction approach across all forecasting horizons and all criteria considered.
description: Nous proposons un modèle d’alerte précoce visant à prévoir la probabilité que survienne un épisode de tensions financières à un moment futur et examinons si le crédit joue un rôle important dans le modèle en tant que facteur de propagation non linéaire des chocs. La propagation est représentée par un modèle à seuil dans lequel un changement de régime se produit quand les conditions du crédit franchissent un seuil critique. La qualité des prévisions effectuées sur l’échantillon et hors échantillon est encourageante. Plus précisément, les résultats hors échantillon portent à croire que le modèle basé sur l’approche à changement de régime se montre supérieur aux modèles de référence fondés sur une régression linéaire et l’approche d’extraction des signaux, pour tous les horizons de prévision et tous critères d’évaluation confondus.
Rotational and translational dynamics in dense fluids of patchy particles
Creators: name: Marín-Aguilar, Susana
name: Wensink, Henricus H.
name: Foffi, Giuseppe
name: Smallenburg, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of directionality on rotational and translational relaxation in glassy systems of patchy particles. Using molecular dynamics simulations we analyze the impact of two distinct patch geometries, one that enhance local icosahedral structure and one which does not strongly affect local order. We find that in nearly all investigated cases, rotational relaxation takes place on a much faster time scale than translational relaxation. By comparing to a simplified dynamical Monte Carlo model, we illustrate that rotational diffusion can be qualitatively explained as purely local motion within a fixed environment, which is not coupled strongly to the cage-breaking dynamics required for translational relaxation. Nonetheless, icosahedral patch placement has a profound effect on the local structure of the system, resulting in a dramatic slowdown at low temperatures which is strongest at an intermediate "optimal" patch size.
description: The following article has been accepted by the Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at http://jcp.aip.org
title: Should Monetary Policy Lean Against Housing Market Booms?
Creators: name: Alpanda, Sami
name: Ueberfeldt, Alexander
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Should monetary policy lean against housing market booms? We approach this question using a small-scale, regime-switching New Keynesian model, where housing market crashes arrive with a logit probability that depends on the level of household debt. This crisis regime is characterized by an elevated risk premium on mortgage lending rates, and, occasionally, a binding zero lower bound on the policy rate, imposing large costs on the economy. Using our set-up, we examine the optimal level of monetary leaning, introduced as a Taylor rule response coefficient on the household debt gap. We find that the costs of leaning in regular times outweigh the benefits of a lower crisis probability. Although the decline in the crisis probability reduces volatility in the economy, this is achieved by lowering the average level of debt, which severely hurts borrowers and leads to a decline in overall welfare.
description: La politique monétaire devrait-elle prendre une approche préventive à l’égard des booms immobiliers? Nous étudions cette question à l’aide d’un petit modèle néokeynésien à changement de régime, dans lequel la probabilité d’effondrement du marché du logement est régie par une fonction logit et dépend du niveau d’endettement des ménages. Le régime de crise est caractérisé par une prime de risque élevée pour les taux hypothécaires et, à l’occasion, une contrainte de non-négativité du taux directeur, ce qui entraîne des coûts considérables pour l’économie. Sur cette base, nous examinons le degré de prévention optimal de la politique monétaire, en intégrant à la règle de Taylor un coefficient de réaction à l’écart de l’endettement des ménages par rapport à sa valeur tendancielle. Nous constatons qu’en période normale, les coûts d’une politique monétaire préventive surpassent les avantages associés à une plus faible probabilité de crise. Cependant, bien que cette moindre probabilité fasse diminuer la volatilité au sein de l’économie, ce résultat nécessite une réduction du niveau moyen d’endettement, ce qui nuit aux emprunteurs et se traduit par un recul du bien-être global.
Complexity of Determining Nonemptiness of the Core
Creators: name: Conitzer, Vincent
name: Sandholm, Tuomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11

description: Coalition formation is a key problem in automated negotiation among self-interested agents, and other multiagent applications. A coalition of agents can sometimes accomplish things that the individual agents cannot, or can do things more efficiently. However, motivating the agents to abide to a solution requires careful analysis: only some of the solutions are stable in the sense that no group of agents is motivated to break off and form a new coalition. This constraint has been studied extensively in cooperative game theory. However, the computational questions around this constraint have received less attention. When it comes to coalition formation among software agents (that represent real-world parties), these questions become increasingly explicit. In this paper we define a concise general representation for games in characteristic form that relies on superadditivity, and show that it allows for efficient checking of whether a given outcome is in the core. We then show that determining whether the core is nonempty is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete both with and without transferable utility. We demonstrate that what makes the problem hard in both cases is determining the collaborative possibilities (the set of outcomes possible for the grand coalition), by showing that if these are given, the problem becomes tractable in both cases. However, we then demonstrate that for a hybrid version of the problem, where utility transfer is possible only within the grand coalition, the problem remains $\mathcal{NP}$-complete even when the collaborative possibilities are given.
$\mathrm{t\bar{t}+X}$ production at ATLAS and CMS
Creators: name: Tonon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: talk
p p: colliding beams
heavy quark: jet
vector boson: associated production
top: pair production
Z0: associated production
photon: associated production
jet: associated production
p p: scattering
inclusive production
new physics: search for
final state: ((n)jet)
final state: ((n)jet lepton)
final state: ((n)jet dilepton)
ATLAS
CMS
differential cross section: measured
transverse momentum dependence
CERN LHC Coll
CERN Lab
gauge boson
numerical calculations: Monte Carlo
experimental results
13000 GeV-cms

description: (2021). special issue: "Rencontres de Moriond 2021: QCD and High Energy Interactions, 27 Mar-3 Apr 2021"
description: Recent inclusive and differential cross section measurements of the associated production of top quark pairs with gauge bosons or heavy-flavor jets are reported. A search for physics beyond the standard model in the top quark sector is also presented. All measurements are based on data samples of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC. No significant deviation from the standard model predictions is observed.
title: What Are the Macroeconomic Effects of High-Frequency Uncertainty Shocks
Creators: name: Ferrara, Laurent
name: Guérin, Pierre
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: This paper evaluates the effects of high-frequency uncertainty shocks on a set of low-frequency macroeconomic variables that are representative of the U.S. economy. Rather than estimating models at the same common low-frequency, we use recently developed econometric models, which allows us to deal with data of different sampling frequencies. We find that credit and labor market variables react the most to uncertainty shocks in that they exhibit a prolonged negative response to such shocks. When examining detailed investment sub-categories, our estimates suggest that the most irreversible investment projects are the most affected by uncertainty shocks. We also find that the responses of macroeconomic variables to uncertainty shocks are relatively similar across single- and mixed-frequency data models, suggesting that the temporal aggregation bias is not acute in this context.
description: Dans cette étude, nous évaluons les effets de chocs d’incertitude de haute fréquence sur un ensemble de variables macroéconomiques de basse fréquence représentatives de l’économie américaine. Plutôt que d’estimer les modèles sur des données de même basse fréquence, nous fondons notre analyse sur des modèles économétriques récents qui nous permettent de faire intervenir des données de fréquences d’échantillonnage diverses. Nous constatons que les variables des marchés du crédit et du travail réagissent le plus aux chocs d’incertitude, en ce sens qu’elles présentent une réaction négative persistante à ces chocs. L’analyse de l’investissement ventilé en sous-catégories fait apparaître que les chocs d’incertitude pèsent le plus sur les projets où l’investissement est irréversible. Nous observons en outre des réactions relativement semblables des variables macroéconomiques aux chocs d’incertitude dans les modèles de données à fréquence unique et à fréquence mixte, ce qui donne à penser que le biais d’agrégation temporel n’est pas très important dans ce contexte.
Petrocephalus magnitrunci Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
name: Bills, Roger
name: Skelton, Paul
name: Wink, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Osteoglossiformes
Mormyridae
Petrocephalus
Petrocephalus magnitrunci

description: Petrocephalus magnitrunci sp. nov.
 SAIAB 67069, holotype, specimen R2, 8.8 cm SL, Botswana, Okavango Delta, southeast of Chief’s Island, Boro River, 19 ◦ 31 ′ 57 ′′ S, 023 ◦ 05 ′ 21 ′′ E, 20 June 2000, coll. D. Tweddle and B.C.W. van der Waal,
 SAIAB 186057 (10), paratypes, 7.7–8.8 cm SL, Botswana, Okavango Delta, southeast of Chief’s Island, Boro River, 19 ◦ 31 ′ 57 ′′ S, 023 ◦ 05 ′ 21 ′′ E, 20 June 2000, coll. D. Tweddle and B.C.W. Van der Waal.
description: Published as part of Kramer, Bernd, Bills, Roger, Skelton, Paul & Wink, Michael, 2012, A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species, pp. 2179-2258 in Journal of Natural History 46 (35 - 36) on page 2191, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.708452, http://zenodo.org/record/4590828
Advancing open infrastructure in research
Creators: name: Thaney, Kaitlin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open infrastructure
scholarly communication
financial sustainability

description: Slides from an August 2021 presentation to Columbia University's Information & Knowledge Strategy "Networked Work" course (IKNS 5305) by Kaitlin Thaney of Invest in Open Infrastructure.
description: Information about how our work is funded can be found on our website: https://investinopen.org/about/how-were-funded/
Density effects in forward scattering of resonant light in rubidium vapor
Creators: name: Pustelny, Szymon
name: Lewoczko, Wojciech
name: Gawlik, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission of light through an atomic sample placed between crossed polarizers in a magnetic field is jointly determined by Faraday rotation and net absorption: transmission increases with rotation and decreases with absorption. Both rotation and absorption are proportional to the atomic density N0, hence, in a certain range of N0, the two effects may compete yielding a distinct density dependence of the transmitted light. We have studied such dependence in rubidium vapor for N0 = 7.5*10^9 to 7.5*10^11 at/cm^3 with resonant laser light. We present interpretation of the competition effect and discuss its possible application for atomic density determination.
Die Einstellung von Lehrpersonen zum Thema Begabungs- und Begabtenförderung als Aufgabenfeld der Schulischen Heilpädagogik im Kanton Zürich
Creators: name: Vroomen, Salome
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Begabtenförderung
Masterarbeit

description: In dieser Masterarbeit wurde untersucht, welche Einstellung Lehrpersonen an Zürcher Primarschulen zum Thema Begabungs-/Begabtenförderung als Aufgabenfeld der Schulischen Heilpädagogik haben. Zudem wurde analysiert, ob es zwischen der Einstellung der Lehrpersonen und der Art der Schule an der sie unterrichten oder ihren demographischen Daten Zusammenhänge gibt. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, wurde die Einstellung von 85 Lehrpersonen an vier Zürcher Schulen mittels eines Befragungsbogens in Erfahrung gebracht. Die Daten wurden ausgezählt und mit Hilfe der quantitativen Auswertungsmethode des Chi-Quadrat-Unabhängigkeitstest aufbereitet. Mittels dieser Studie konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass die Lehrpersonen mehrheitlich (55 von 85) der Meinung sind, dass Begabungs-/Begabtenförderung ins Aufgabenfeld der Schulischen Heilpädagogik gehört. Zu-sammenhänge konnten zwischen der Einstellung der Lehrpersonen und der Art der Schule sowie zwi-schen der Einstellung der Lehrpersonen und ihrem Alter aufgezeigt werden. Das Ergebnis ist, dass Lehrpersonen, welche an einer grossen, städtischen Schule unterrichten, mehrheitlich der Meinung sind, dass diese Art der Förderung Aufgabe der Schulischen Heilpädagogen ist, wohingegen Lehrper-sonen die an kleinen, ländlichen Schulen unterrichten, vermehrt die Einstellung vertreten, dass dies nicht zur Aufgabe der Heilpädagogen gehört. Bei den jüngeren Lehrpersonen konnte festgestellt wer-den, dass diese ebenfalls häufiger die Meinung vertreten, dass Begabungs-/Begabtenförderung ins Auf-gabenfeld der Heilpädagogik gehört als älter Lehrpersonen.
Historical Memory and Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia : The effect of the memory of Japanese Occupation of Indonesia and the Philippines on Current International Relations
Creators: name: Atallah, Nicole
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Description to be added
Light dark matter in a minimal extension with two additional real singlets
Creators: name: Maniatis, Markos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct searches for heavy scalar dark matter with a mass of order 100 GeV are much more sensitive than for light dark matter of order 1 GeV. The question arises whether dark matter could be light and has escaped detection so far. We study a simple extension of the Standard Model with two additional real singlets. We show that this simple extension may provide the observed relic dark matter density, does neither disturb big-bang nucleosynthesis nor the cosmic microwave background radiation observations and fulfills the conditions of clumping behavior for different sizes of galaxies. The potential of one Standard Model-like Higgs-boson doublet and the two singlets gives rise to a changed Higgs phenomenology, in particular, an enhanced invisible Higgs-boson decay rate is expected, detectable by missing transversal momentum searches at the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, new version adapted to journal version
title: A General Approach to Recovering Market Expectations from Futures Prices with an Application to Crude Oil
Creators: name: Baumeister, Christiane
name: Kilian, Lutz
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Futures markets are a potentially valuable source of information about price expectations. Exploiting this information has proved difficult in practice, because time-varying risk premia often render the futures price a poor measure of the market expectation of the price of the underlying asset. Although this expectation in principle may be recovered by adjusting the futures price by the estimated risk premium, a common problem is that there are as many measures of the market expectation as there are estimates of the risk premium. We propose a general solution to this problem that allows us to select the most accurate estimate of the expectation for any set of risk premium estimates. We illustrate this approach by solving the long-standing problem of how to estimate the market expectation of the price of crude oil. We provide a new measure of oil price expectations that is substantially more accurate than the alternatives and more economically plausible. Our analysis has implications for the estimation of economic models of energy-intensive durables, for oil price forecasting and for the measurement of oil price shocks.
description: Les marchés des contrats à terme peuvent constituer une source d’information précieuse au sujet des anticipations de prix. Toutefois, dans la pratique, il s’avère difficile d’exploiter cette information, les prix des contrats à terme offrant souvent une mesure médiocre des attentes du marché à l’égard des prix des actifs sous-jacents en raison de la présence de primes de risque variables dans le temps. Bien qu’il soit possible en principe de calculer ces attentes en ajustant les prix des contrats à terme en fonction de la prime de risque estimée, le fait qu’il existe autant de mesures des anticipations du marché que d’estimations de la prime de risque représente un problème courant. À ce problème, les auteurs proposent une solution générale qui leur permet de sélectionner, pour tout ensemble d’estimations de la prime de risque, l’estimation la plus exacte des anticipations. Pour illustrer cette méthode, ils résolvent le problème persistant de l’évaluation des attentes du marché à l’égard des prix du pétrole brut. La nouvelle mesure des anticipations concernant les prix du pétrole présentée par les auteurs est beaucoup plus précise que les autres mesures et plus plausible du point de vue économique. Leur analyse a des incidences sur l’estimation des modèles économiques relatifs aux biens durables à forte intensité énergétique, sur les prévisions des prix du pétrole et sur l’évaluation des chocs pétroliers.
Remarks on the blow-up for the Schrödinger equation with critical mass on a plane domain
Creators: name: Banica, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we concentrate on the analysis of the critical mass blowing-up solutions for the cubic focusing Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, posed on a plane domain. We bound the blow-up rate from below, for bounded and unbounded domains. If the blow-up occurs on the boundary, the blow-up rate is proved to grow faster than $(T-t)^{-1}$, the expected one. Moreover, we show that blow-up cannot occur on the boundary, under certain geometric conditions on the domain.
description: 26 pages
On norm closed ideals in L(\ell_p\oplus\ell_q)
Creators: name: Sari, B.
name: Schlumprecht, Th.
name: Tomczak-Jaegermann, N.
name: Troitsky, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L20; 47B10; 47B37

description: It is well known that the only proper non-trivial norm-closed ideal in the algebra L(X) for X=\ell_p (1 \le p < \infty) or X=c_0 is the ideal of compact operators. The next natural question is to describe all closed ideals of L(\ell_p\oplus\ell_q) for 1 \le p,q < \infty, p \neq q, or, equivalently, the closed ideals in L(\ell_p,\ell_q) for p < q. This paper shows that for 1 < p < 2 < q < \infty there are at least four distinct proper closed ideals in L(\ell_p,\ell_q), including one that has not been studied before. The proofs use various methods from Banach space theory.
description: 24 pages
Additional file 3 of Data sources and methods used to determine pretest probabilities in a cohort of Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy reviews
Creators: name: Oerbekke, Michiel S.
name: Jenniskens, Kevin
name: Scholten, Rob J. P. M.
name: Hooft, Lotty
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file3. Examples based on real-world data from a Cochrane DTA review of the changes in normalized frequencies when using different pretest probabilities.
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN TIME AND SPACE
Creators: name: Olimjonova Shakhnoza Kamoliddin qizi 3rd level student of Philology and Language Teaching (English) at the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages Sapayeva Sohiba USWLU, Senior teacher of Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explores the relationship between language and society, examining how language use varies across different social contexts and over time. Drawing on key concepts from sociolinguistics, it investigates how factors such as social class, gender, ethnicity, and region shape language variation. The thesis examines how language reflects and influences social change, considering topics such as language shift, accommodation, and revitalization. Additionally, it explores the spatial dimensions of language use, examining how geographic factors influence language variation and the role of language in shaping regional and national identities. The thesis integrates empirical research with theoretical frameworks to provide insights into the complex interplay between language and society in time and space.

Key words. Sociolinguistics, Language variation, Social stratification, Geographic variation, Historical context
title: Opaque Assets and Rollover Risk
Creators: name: Ahnert, Toni
name: Nelson, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We model the asset-opacity choice of an intermediary subject to rollover risk in wholesale funding markets. Greater opacity means investors form more dispersed beliefs about an intermediary’s profitability. The endogenous benefit of opacity is lower fragility when profitability is expected to be high. However, the endogenous cost of opacity is a “partial run,” whereby some investors receive bad private signals about profitability and run, even though the intermediary is solvent. We find that intermediaries choose to be transparent (opaque) when expected profitability is low (high). Intermediaries with less-volatile profitability are also more likely to choose to be opaque.
description: Nous modélisons le choix qu’un intermédiaire exposé au risque de refinancement sur les marchés du financement de gros opère par rapport à l’opacité des actifs. En cas d’accroissement de l’opacité, les opinions des investisseurs sur la rentabilité d’un intermédiaire sont plus diversifiées. L’opacité a pour avantage endogène de réduire la fragilité quand la rentabilité attendue est élevée. Elle a toutefois pour coût endogène d’entraîner un mouvement partiel de ventes massives puisque certains investisseurs recevant, de source privée, des informations défavorables sur la rentabilité procèdent à des ventes massives quand bien même l’intermédiaire est solvable. Il ressort de notre analyse que les intermédiaires choisissent d’être transparents (ou opaques) lorsque la rentabilité attendue est faible (ou élevée). Les intermédiaires dont la rentabilité est moins instable ont également une plus grande propension à faire le choix de l’opacité.
Additional file 2 of Data sources and methods used to determine pretest probabilities in a cohort of Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy reviews
Creators: name: Oerbekke, Michiel S.
name: Jenniskens, Kevin
name: Scholten, Rob J. P. M.
name: Hooft, Lotty
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file2. Examples of data source categories. A short description of the observed categories and an example in each category.
From Chiral Kinetic Theory To Spin Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Shi, Shuzhe
name: Gale, Charles
name: Jeon, Sangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total angular momentum is conserved in the evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collision, and consists of two sectors: the orbital angular momentum (OAM) caused by kinetic motion, and the spin, an intrinsic degree of freedom of quarks and gluons. Microscopic scattering processes allow the conversion between these two components, hence the spin density could eventually have non-trivial influence on the QGP evolution. A hydrodynamic theory, with the spin polarization effect properly taken into account, is required to quantitatively study the polarization rate for observed hadrons, e.g. the $Λ$-hyperon. In this work, we start with chiral kinetic theory and construct the spin hydrodynamic framework for a chiral spinor system. We obtain the equations of motion of second-order dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics with non-trivial spin polarization density.
description: 4 pages, contribution to the proceeding of XXVIIIth International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2019)
Petrocephalus magnoculis Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kramer, Bernd
name: Bills, Roger
name: Skelton, Paul
name: Wink, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Osteoglossiformes
Mormyridae
Petrocephalus
Petrocephalus magnoculis

description: Petrocephalus magnoculis sp. nov.
 SAIAB 78788, holotype, specimen Ruac 06, 9.6 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; from 19 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 ZSM 38659(1), paratype, Ruac 07, 8.9 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; 19 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 SAIAB 186053 (1), paratype, Ruac 09, 10.5 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; 20 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 SAIAB 79480 (1), paratype, Ruac 10, 9.4 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; 19 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 ZSM 38660(1), paratype, Ruac 13, 9.1 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; 21 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 SAIAB 78790 (1), paratype, Ruac 17, 9.6 cm SL, from Cunene River, Ruacana Falls, Hippo Pool Campsite, just below the Falls, 17 ◦ 24 ′ 24 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 13 ′ 01 ′′ E, about 800 m altitude; from 22 August 2006, coll. B. Kramer and E. Swartz,
 SAIAB 028120 (3), non-types, 9.1–10.5 cm SL, Petrocephalus sp., Namibia, “Hippo Pool”, Ruacana Falls, Cunene River system, Cunene River, 17 ◦ 24 ′ S, 14 ◦ 12 ′ E, 5 October 1986, coll B. van Zyl.
description: Published as part of Kramer, Bernd, Bills, Roger, Skelton, Paul & Wink, Michael, 2012, A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species, pp. 2179-2258 in Journal of Natural History 46 (35 - 36) on pages 2191-2192, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.708452, http://zenodo.org/record/4590828
LISA observations of rapidly spinning massive black hole binary systems
Creators: name: Vecchio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary systems of massive black holes will be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) throughout the entire Universe. Observations of gravitational waves from this class of sources will have important repercussions on our understanding of the behaviour of gravity in the highly non-linear relativistic regime, the distribution and interaction of massive black holes at high redshift and the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. It is therefore important to address how accurately LISA can measure the source parameters and explore the implications for astronomy and cosmology. Present observations and theoretical models suggest that massive black holes could be spinning, possibly rapidly in some cases. In binary systems, the relativistic spin-orbit interaction causes the orbital plane to precess in space producing a characteristic signature on the emitted gravitational waves. In this paper we investigate the effect of spins on the gravitational wave signal registered at the LISA output and the implications for parameter estimation. We consider the in-spiral phase of binary systems in circular orbit undergoing the so-called "simple precession" and we approximate the gravitational radiation at the restricted 1.5PN order. We show that the presence of spins changes dramatically the signature of the signal recorded by LISA. As a consequence, the mean square errors associated to the parameter measurements are significantly smaller than the ones obtained when the effect of spins is neglected. For a binary system of two $10^6 \Ms$ black holes, the angular resolution and the relative error on the luminosity distance improve by a factor $\approx$ 3-to-10; the fractional errors on the chirp mass and the reduced mass decrease by a factor $\sim 10$ and $\sim 10^3$, respectively.
description: 21 pages, 4 postscript figures, Phys. Rev. D in press
GLOBAL TA'LIMNI TADQIQOTLARINI  O'RGANISH HAQIDAGI BILIMLARNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Matyakubov Azamat  Quvondiqovich Chirchiq davlat  pedagogika universiteti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: 2022-yilda O'zbekistonda ta'lim sifati PISA xalqaro dasturi doirasida baholangan. O'zbekiston uchun PISA maktab o'quvchilari o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada ishtirok etishning afzalligi nimada? PISA testi nima? PISA test namunalarini qaerdan yuklab olishim mumkin? PISA test namunalarini qaerdan yuklab olishim mumkin? Maqolada muallif shu kabi savollarga javob berishga harakat qilgan.

         Kalit so‘zlar:  PISA, ta’lim, test, maktab o‘quvchilari, afzalligi, so‘rovnoma
title: Capital Structure, Pay Structure and Job Termination
Creators: name: Allen, Jason
name: Thompson, James R.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We develop a model to analyze the link between financial leverage, worker pay structure and the risk of job termination. Contrary to the conventional view, we show that even in the absence of any agency problem among workers, variable pay can be optimal despite workers being risk averse and firms risk neutral. We find that firms employing workers with safer projects (and lower probability of job termination) use more variable compensation, and that leverage is strictly increasing in the amount of variable pay. These two results lead to the main insight of the paper: the more likely it is that a worker is terminated, the lower a firm’s leverage. We provide empirical support for these predictions with a novel data set of all Canadian financial brokers and dealers. In the context of our empirical analysis, the model provides a novel mechanism to help explain why high leverage and high amounts of variable pay may be pervasive in financial relative to non-financial institutions.
description: Les auteurs élaborent un modèle permettant d’analyser les liens entre le levier financier, la structure de rémunération et le risque de licenciement. Contrairement à ce qui est généralement admis, ils montrent que, même en l’absence de problème de délégation entre les travailleurs et l’entreprise, une rémunération variable peut être optimale bien que les travailleurs soient réfractaires au risque et que l’entreprise soit neutre à cet égard. Les auteurs constatent que, dans les entreprises où les travailleurs sont employés à des projets plus sûrs (et où la probabilité de licenciement est plus faible), la part de la rémunération variable est plus élevée et le levier financier de l’entreprise augmente parallèlement à cette part. De ces deux constatations ressort le principal résultat de l’étude : plus la probabilité de licenciement est élevée, moins la firme est endettée. Les auteurs présentent une justification empirique de cette prévision à l’aide d’une série inédite de données portant sur l’ensemble des courtiers et négociateurs canadiens en valeurs mobilières. Dans le contexte de leur analyse empirique, le modèle qu’ils proposent offre un nouveau mécanisme expliquant pourquoi un levier financier élevé et une proportion élevée de rémunération variable sont plus répandus chez les sociétés financières que chez leurs homologues non financières.
Interpretive Geology with Structural Constraints: An introduction to the SPARSE  plug-in
Creators: name: DeKemp, Eric
name: Sprague, Kevin
name: Wong, Winston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Structure Geology 3D Modelling

description: A snap shot overview of a GOCAD plugin called SPARSE for supporting development of parametric curves and surfaces such as Bezier curves and NURB patches for interpreting more complex geological structures.
description: This plugin has been updated to Gocad-SKUA version 19 and is commercialized by Mira Geosciences https://mirasgeoscience.com
Gamma-Ray Burst Early Afterglows
Creators: name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The successful launch and operation of NASA's Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer open a new era for the multi-wavelength study of the very early afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GRB early afterglow information is essential to explore the unknown physical composition of GRB jets, the link between the prompt gamma-ray emission and the afterglow emission, the GRB central engine activity, as well as the immediate GRB environment. Here I review some of the recent theoretical efforts to address these problems and describe how the latest Swift data give answers to these outstanding questions.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. of "Astrophysics Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation" (eds. T. Bulik, G. Madejski and B. Rudak), Torun, Poland, 20-24 June, 2005
Additional file 7 of Near patient chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening and treatment in further education/technical colleges: a cost analysis of the ‘Test n Treat’ feasibility trial
Creators: name: Kerry-Barnard, Sarah
name: Huntington, Susie
name: Fleming, Charlotte
name: Reid, Fiona
name: S. Tariq Sadiq
name: Vari M. Drennan
name: Adams, Elisabeth
name: Oakeshott, Pippa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 3. Activities involved in the delivery of point of care testing and treating of Chlamydia, time taken, worker occupation and condition under which the process is required. A description of the processes involved in the point of care delivery is found in Supplementary Table 3, as well as the time required, the person actively performing the task and any conditions that might be associated with the task are also included.
Reexamination of experimental tests of the fluctuation theorem
Creators: name: Narayan, Onuttom
name: Dhar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fluctuation Theorem and the Jarzynski equality are examined in the light of recent experimental tests. For a particle dragged through a solvent, it is shown that $Q,$ the heat exchanged with the reservoir, obeys the asymptotic Fluctuation Theorem but not the Jarzynski equality, due to slowly decaying tails in its distribution. For molecular stretching experiments, substantial corrections to the Jarzynski equality can result from not measuring the force at the end of the molecule that is moved. We also present a proof of the Fluctuation Theorem for Langevin dynamics that is considerably simpler than the standard proof.
description: Revised version. 9 pages. To appear in Journal of Physics A
Steering Distillation by "Pulsed" and "Continuous" Measurements
Creators: name: Militello, B.
name: Nakazato, H.
name: Messina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new systematic strategy for steering the distillation process for a quantum system, that utilizes the so-called "pulsed" and "continuous" measurements on another quantum system in interaction with the former, is proposed. The distillation process characterized by the specific interaction between the two systems and the "pulsed" measurements is shown to be controllable through the "continuous" measurements, i.e., the quantum Zeno dynamics, providing an effective recipe to prefix the target.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Representations of the discrete inhomogeneous Lorentz group and Dirac wave equation on the lattice
Creators: name: Lorente, M.
name: Kramer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the fundamental and two dimensional representation of the Lorentz groups on a (3+1)-dimensional hypercubic lattice, from which representations of higher dimensions can be constructed. For the unitary representation of the discrete translation group we use the kernel of the Fourier transform. From the Dirac representation of the Lorentz group (including reflections) we derive in a natural way the wave equation on the lattice for spin 1/2 particles. Finally the induced representation of the discrete inhomogeneous Lorentz group is constructed by standard methods and its connection with the continuous case is discussed.
description: LaTeX, 20 pages, 1 eps figure, uses iopconf.sty (late submission)
title: Energy Utopianism and the rise of the anti-nuclear power movement in the UK
Creators: name: Herring, Horace
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: This thesis is about the growth of the anti nuclear power movement in the UK from 1955 to 1979. It seeks to explore why it emerged at the time and in the form it did. It challenges some of the existing histories and provides new explanations as to how and why, and indeed when the anti-nuclear movement emerged. It is not a policy history, but a history of activism based on accounts collected from the contemporary literature and from the activists. Its hypothesis is that an anti-nuclear power movement emerged in LTK in the 1970s because of long standing concerns of a minority over the dangers of 'atomic energy' and the continuity of opposition to the building of nuclear power stations. The divisions within the nuclear establishment over reactor choice in UK (and radiation and safety standards in US) gave new radical groups- the environmentalists - an opportunity to build a movement using new tactics of protest. The first part gives a historical account of early criticism, late 1950s protest at public inquiries, and campaigns over nuclear power from 1965 to 1979, and is based on literature surveys, interviews with anti-nuclear campaigners and research on archive material. The second part, mainly theoretical, identifies and discusses what I consider the key concepts of 'the environmental impulse', 'nuclear fear' and 'energy utopianism'. The thesis illustrates the diversity and continuity of anti-nuclear protestors, and is used to make some generalisations about their motivations and tactics, and the likelihood of future protests over new energy technologies.
Have Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes Observed Dark Matter?
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
name: Perez, Ignacio de la Calle
name: Silk, Joseph
name: Ferrer, Francesc
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two ground-based experiments have recently independently detected TeV $γ$-rays from the direction of the Galactic center. The observations made by the VERITAS and CANGAROO collaborations are unexpected, although not impossible to interpret in terms of astrophysical sources. Here we examine in detail whether the observed $γ$-rays may arise from the more exotic alternative of annihilations of dark matter particles clustered in the center of the Galaxy.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Signaling to Relativistic Observers: An Einstein-Shannon-Riemann Encounter
Creators: name: Kovačević, Mladen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 83A05, 94A24, 94A40, 94B25, 94B50, 11A41, 11Z05

description: A communication scenario is described involving a series of events triggered by a transmitter and observed by a receiver experiencing relativistic time dilation. The message selected by the transmitter is assumed to be encoded in the events' timings and is required to be perfectly recovered by the receiver, regardless of the difference in clock rates in the two frames of reference. It is shown that the largest proportion of the space of all $ k $-event signals that can be selected as a code ensuring error-free information transfer in this setting equals $ ζ(k)^{-1} $, where $ ζ$ is the Riemann zeta function.
description: 4 pages (double-column), 1 figure
Additional file 6 of Novel monoclonal antibodies against thymidine kinase 1 and their potential use for the immunotargeting of lung, breast and colon cancer cells
Creators: name: Velazquez, Edwin J.
name: Brindley, Taylor D.
name: Shrestha, Gajendra
name: Bitter, Eliza E.
name: Cress, Jordan D.
name: Townsend, Michelle H.
name: Berges, Bradford K.
name: Robison, Richard A.
name: Weber, K. Scott
name: O’Neill, Kim L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6. Flow cytometry analysis of normal MNC cells with the custom TK1 antibodies.