cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the long-period pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3
Creators: name: Gencali, Ali Arda
name: Ertan, Unal
name: Alpar, M. Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-period ($P = 1091$ s) of the recently discovered pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 can be attained by neutron stars evolving with fallback discs and magnetic dipole moments of a few $10^{30}$ G cm$^3$ at ages greater than $\sim 2 \times 10^5$ yr consistently with the observational upper limits to the period derivative, $\dot{P}$, and the X-ray luminosity, $L_X$, of the source. The current upper limits for $\dot{P}$ allow two alternative present states: (1) The disc is still active with ongoing accretion at a low rate such that the accretion luminosity is much less than the neutron star's cooling luminosity, which in turn is below the upper limit for $L_X$. In this scenario the spin-down will continue at $\dot{P} \sim 10^{-10}$ s s$^{-1}$ until the disc becomes inactive; the final period will be $P \sim$ a few $10^3$ s. (2) The disc is already inactive, there is no accretion. In this case the period evolution has leveled off to the observed value in the final period range. The remaining, very weak, dipole torque sustaining asymptotic spin-down at $\dot{P} \sim 4 \times 10^{-18}$ s s$^{-1}$. Long periods $P \sim$ a few $10^3$ s were predicted for the final states of soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars with relatively strong dipole fields in earlier work with the fallback disc model.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, Updated version, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
title: Childhood Sexual Abuse: Attribution of Responsibility
Creators: name: Goodwin, Dennis W.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1994

description: Attribution theory is used to address a disparity between the number of male victims of child sexual abuse reported in clinical samples versus those reported in community samples. Participants were 48 female and 48 male undergraduate students. Participants were asked to read a vignette of a 25 year old male/female having sex with a 13 year old male/female. Two settings were used in the vignettes. The incident occurred at the victims home in half the vignettes and at a party in the other half. Participants completed an attributional questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicate that female respondents considered the abuse more serious when the perpetrator was a male and the victim was a female. Male respondents considered the scenario more offensive when the perpetrator was male and the victim was male. Male respondents found the incident less offensive when the perpetrator was female and the victim was male. Female respondents found the scenario more offensive when the incident occurred in the victims own home while male respondents found the scenario more abusive if it occurred at a party. Respondents who reported a previous experience in an abusive relationship considered the incident significantly more serious than did respondents who did not report a history of abusive relationships. Respondents felt that female victims should be better able to prevent the incident. Respondents tended to feel the victim should have prevented the incident when the perpetrator was female and the incident occurred at home or when the perpetrator was male and the incident occurred at a party. It is suggested that future research should continue to focus on why male victims are not as likely to receive treatment as female victims.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Reactions of Aliphatic Imines with Isocyanates
Creators: name: Cotter, Etienne
name: Pultar, Felix
name: Riniker, Sereina
name: Altmann, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: In the context of a project aiming at the replacement of the 3-substituted β-lactam ring in classical β-lactam antibiotics by an N(3)-acyl-1,3-diazetidinone moiety, we have investigated the reaction of isocyanates with imines derived from allyl glycinate and differently substituted propionaldehydes. Imines of aromatic aldehydes with anilines have been reported to react with acyl isocyanates to give 1,3-azetidinones or 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-ones, via [2+2] or [4+2] cycloaddition, respectively. However, neither of these products was formed with imines from allyl glycinate and 2-(mono)methyl propionaldehydes. α,α-Dimethylation of the imine enabled the [4+2] cycloaddition pathway, but the desired 1,3-diazetidinone products were not observed. Surprisingly, the imines obtained from thioesters of 2,2-dimethyl 3-oxo propionic acid reacted with aryl isocyanates or with benzyl isocyanate to give 2,2-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(aryl/akylthio)tetrahydropyrimidines, via thiol displacement and re-addition to a putative six-membered iminium intermediate. Such compounds have not been described in the literature so far. For aryl isocyanates, the reaction was insensitive to the nature of a para-substituent on the aromatic ring. The experimental results obtained for the reactions of acyl isocyanates with imines could be rationalized by DFT calculations. In addition, we have also shown that N(3)-acyl-1,3-azetidinone and 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-one products can be distinguished based on experimental IR data in combination with theoretical reference spectra employing the IR spectra alignment (IRSA) algorithm. This discrimination was not possible by means of 1H, 13C, or 15N NMR spectroscopy.
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
A house is not a home: a network model perspective on the dynamics between subjective quality of living conditions, social support, and mental health of refugees and asylum seekers
Creators: name: Schilz, Laura
name: Kemna, Solveig
name: Karnouk, Carine
name: Böge, Kerem
name: Lindheimer, Nico
name: Walther, Lena
name: Mohamad, Sara
name: Suboh, Amani
name: Hasan, Alkomiet
name: Höhne, Edgar
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Plener, Paul
name: Strupf, Michael
name: Hahn, Erik
name: Bajbouj, Malek
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Refugees
subject: Housing
subject: Living conditions
subject: Social support
subject: Post-migration
subject: Depression
subject: PTSD
subject: Post-traumatic stress
subject: Network analysis
subject: Medical and Health Sciences
subject: Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
subject: DDC 150 / Psychology
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Abstract Background: Providing adequate living conditions for forcibly displaced people represents a significant challenge for host countries such as Germany. This study explores refugee mental health’s reciprocal, dynamic relationship with post-migration living conditions and social support. Methods: The study sample included 325 Arabic- or Farsi-speaking asylum seekers and refugees residing in Germany since 2014 and seeking mental health treatment. Associations between reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress and depression and the subjective quality of living conditions and perceived social support were analyzed using a two-level approach including multiple linear regression and network analyses. Results: Post-migration quality of living conditions and perceived social support were significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes on both levels. In the network, both post-migration factors were negatively connected with overlapping symptoms of psychiatric disorders, representing potential target symptoms for psychological treatment. Conclusion: Post-migration quality of living conditions and social support are important factors for refugee mental health and should be targeted by various actors fostering mental well-being and integration. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Chapter 6: Towards a type series of medieval pottery in Surrey
Creators: name: Jones, Phil
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 85, 211-238
description: Describes the main fabric types of pottery found in excavations in several towns in Surrey (see 99/1108 etc). Includes a note on an important mid-Saxon collection from Godalming (see also 99/1631--2).
SIMPD: an Algorithm for Generating Simulated Time Splits for Validating Machine Learning Approaches
Creators: name: Landrum, Gregory A.
name: Beckers, Maximilian
name: Lanini, Jessica
name: Schneider, Nadine
name: Stiefl, Nikolaus
name: Riniker, Sereina
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Time-split cross-validation is broadly recognized as the gold standard for validating predictive models intended for use in medicinal chemistry projects. Unfortunately this type of data is not broadly available outside of large pharmaceutical research organizations. Here we introduce the SIMPD (simulated medicinal chemistry project data) algorithm to split public data sets into training and test sets that mimic the differences observed in real-world medicinal chemistry project data sets. SIMPD uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm with objectives derived from an extensive analysis of the differences between early and late compounds in more than 130 lead-optimization projects run within the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. Applying SIMPD to the real-world data sets produced training/test splits which more accurately reflect the differences in properties and machine-learning performance observed for temporal splits than other standard approaches like random or neighbor splits. We applied the SIMPD algorithm to bioactivity data extracted from ChEMBL and created 56 public data sets which can be used for validating machine-learning models intended for use in the setting of a medicinal chemistry project. The SIMPD code and simulated data sets are available under open-source/open-data licenses at github.com/rinikerlab/molecular_time_series.
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
Experimental observation of the scattering of light by planar metallic nanoparticles
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Manuel R
name: Marti, Othmar
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Multiple scattering (Physics)
subject: Lichtstreuung

description: It is known that the efficiency of scattering of light by a particle is related to its size, geometry and optical constants of the material, since the theory of scattering by small particles developed by Mie in the beginning of the 20th century. However, the Mie scattering theory is valid just for a few special cases like a homogeneous sphere embedded on a medium of homogenous refraction index. More recently, some theoretical simulations on planar nano- particles have shown that the optical resonances are dependent on the shape of the particle. Simultaneously, local field enhancements take place on the particles when excited by an incident wave.A comprehensive knowledge of the optical behaviour of planar particles is of great importance for the development of optical devices at the nanoscale, as well as for the fast developing field of photonic crystals and the emerging field of diffractive optics.In this paper, we present optical investigations on arrays of triangular nanoparticles with sizes comparable with the wavelength. Particles were produced using the method developed by Fischer and the optical measurements have been made using a scanning confocal microscope and a total-internal-reflection system.The scattering of light by particles of some materials when excited by an evanescent field show a strong dependence on their relative orientation in the direction of incidence. The measured scattering patterns change with the polarization of light. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Early postoperative endoscopic evaluation of rectal anastomoses: a prospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Axt, Steffen
name: Haller, Kristin
name: Wilhelm, Peter
name: Falch, Claudius
name: Martus, Peter
name: Johannink, Jonas
name: Rolinger, Jens
name: Beltzer, Christian
name: Axt, Lena
name: Königsrainer, Alfred
name: Kirschniak, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anastomotic leakage
subject: Colorectal anastomosis
subject: Flexible endoscopy
subject: Postoperative management
subject: Colorectal surgery
subject: Medical and Health Sciences
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Abstract Background Reported incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) of rectal anastomoses is up to 29% with an overall mortality up to 12%. Nevertheless, there is no uniform evidence-based diagnostic procedure for early detection of AL. The objective of this prospective clinical trial was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of early postoperative flexible endoscopy for rectal anastomosis evaluation. Methods Flexible endoscopy between 5 and 8th postoperative day was performed consecutively in 90 asymptomatic patients. Sample size calculation was made using the two-stage Simon design. Diagnostic value was measured by management change after endoscopic evaluation. Anastomoses were categorized according to a new classification. Study is registered in German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00019217). Results Of the 90 anastomoses, 59 (65.6%) were unsuspicious. 20 (22.2%) were suspicious with partial fibrin plaques ( n  = 15), intramural hematoma and/or local blood coagulum ( n  = 4) and ischemic area in one. 17 of these anastomoses were treated conservatively under monitoring. In three a further endoscopic re-evaluation was performed and as consequence one patient underwent endoscopic vacuum therapy. 11 (12.2%) AL were detected. Here, two could be treated conservatively under monitoring, four with endoscopic vacuum therapy and five needed revision surgery. No intervention-related adverse events occurred. A change in postoperative management was made in 31 (34.4%) patients what caused a significant improvement of diagnosis of AL ( p  < 0.001). Conclusions Early postoperative endoscopic evaluation of rectal anastomoses is a safe procedure thus allows early detection of AL. Early treatment for suspicious anastomoses or AL could be adapted to avoid severe morbidity and mortality. Graphical abstract
Exploring the Hubble Tension and Spatial Curvature from the Ages of Old Astrophysical Objects
Creators: name: Wei, Jun-Jie
name: Melia, Fulvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the age measurements of 114 old astrophysical objects (OAO) in the redshift range $0\lesssim z\lesssim 8$ to explore the Hubble tension. The age of the Universe at any $z$ is inversely proportional to the Hubble constant, $H_0$, so requiring the Universe to be older than the OAO it contains at any $z$ will lead to an upper limit on $H_0$. Assuming flat $Λ$CDM and setting a Gaussian prior on the matter density parameter $Ω_{\rm m}=0.315\pm0.007$ informed by {\it Planck}, we obtain a 95\% confidence-level upper limit of $H_0<70.6 \rm{~km} \rm{~s}^{-1} \rm{~Mpc}^{-1}$, representing a $2σ$ tension with the measurement using the local distance ladder. We find, however, that the inferred upper limit on $H_{0}$ depends quite sensitively on the prior for $Ω_{\rm m}$, and the Hubble tension between early-time and local measurements of $H_{0}$ may be due in part to the inference of both $Ω_{\rm m}$ and $H_0$ in {\it Planck}, while the local measurement uses only $H_{0}$. The age-redshift data may also be used for cosmological model comparisons. We find that the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ universe accounts well for the data, with a reasonable upper limit on $H_{0}$, while Einstein-de Sitter fails to pass the cosmic-age test. Finally, we present a model-independent estimate of the spatial curvature using the ages of 61 galaxies and the luminosity distances of 1,048 Pantheon Type Ia supernovae. This analysis suggests that the geometry of the Universe is marginally consistent with spatial flatness at a confidence level of $1.6σ$, characterized as $Ω_{k}=0.43^{+0.27}_{-0.27}$.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Predictors of cancer patients' utilization of psychooncological support: Examining patient´s attitude and physician´s recommendation
Creators: name: Goerling, Ute
name: Albus, Christian
name: Bergelt, Corinna
name: Erim, Yesim
name: Faller, Hermann
name: Geiser, Franziska
name: Hönig, Klaus
name: Hornemann, Beate
name: Maatouk, Imad
name: Stein, Barbara
name: Teufel, Martin
name: Wickert, Martin
name: Weis, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Utilization
subject: Psychooncological support
subject: Attitude
subject: Physician´s recommendation
subject: Medical and Health Sciences
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Abstract Purpose Patients with cancer suffer from a wide range of psychological distress. Nevertheless, in the literature low utilization rates of psychooncological services are reported. Various factors may influence the utilization of professional support during inpatient care. Up to now it is unclear to what extent patients’ attitude towards psychooncological support and physicians’ recommendation for psychooncological care may influence the utilization. Methods In a multicenter longitudinal observational study in Comprehensive Cancer Centers Germany, 1398 patients with mixed cancer diagnoses were assessed at baseline during their hospital stay with respect to psychooncological distress and the need for and use of psychooncological services. Results Psychooncological support was used by almost 28.4% of patients up to this time. A positive attitude towards psychooncological support was reported by 41.6%. A recommendation of psychooncological support by a physician was received by 16.2%. These patients reported a significant higher level of distress compared to patients who did not received a recommendation. Multivariable logistic regression detected that the utilization rate was 3.79 times higher among patients with positive attitude towards psychooncological support (OR, 3.79; 95% CI 2.51–5.73, p < 0.001). Utilization was 4.21 times more likely among patients who received a physician´s recommendation (OR, 4.21; 95% CI 2.98–5.95, p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the study provide evidence of the relevance of giving more attention to psychooncological distress and attitudes towards psychooncological care. To reduce reservations, patients need low-threshold information about the psychooncological services offered. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Simulating the Space Weather in the AU Mic System: Stellar Winds and Extreme Coronal Mass Ejections
Creators: name: Alvarado-Gómez, Julián D.
name: Cohen, Ofer
name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Fraschetti, Federico
name: Poppenhäger, Katja
name: Garraffo, Cecilia
name: Chebly, Judy
name: Ilin, Ekaterina
name: Harbach, Laura
name: Kochukhov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two close-in planets have been recently found around the M-dwarf flare star AU Microscopii (AU Mic). These Neptune-sized planets (AU Mic b and c) seem to be located very close to the so-called "evaporation valley" in the exoplanet population, making this system an important target for studying atmospheric loss on exoplanets. This process, while mainly driven by the high-energy stellar radiation, will be strongly mediated by the space environment surrounding the planets. Here we present an investigation on this last area, performing 3D numerical modeling of the quiescent stellar wind from AU Mic, as well as time-dependent simulations describing the evolution of a highly energetic Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) event in this system. Observational constraints on the stellar magnetic field and properties of the eruption are incorporated in our models. We carry out qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the stellar wind, the emerging CMEs, as well as the expected steady and transient conditions along the orbit of both exoplanets. Our results predict an extreme space weather for AU Mic and its planets. This includes sub-Alfvénic regions for the large majority of the exoplanet orbits, very high dynamic and magnetic pressure values in quiescence (varying within $10^{2} - 10^{5}$ times the dynamic pressure experienced by the Earth), and an even harsher environment during the passage of any escaping CME associated with the frequent flaring observed in AU Mic. These space weather conditions alone pose an immense challenge for the survival of the exoplanetary atmospheres (if any) in this system.
description: 15 Pages, 7 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Road to Bribery and Corruption
Creators: name: Köbis, Nils
name: F.Righetti@Vu.Nl
name: J.W.Vanprooijen@Vu.Nl
name: P.A.M.Vanlange@Vu.Nl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: Personality, Social and Criminal Psychology

description: Data used for four studies to be published in Psychological Science
A Search for correlations between turbulence and star formation in THINGS galaxies
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Martinez, Zorayda
name: Hunter, Deidre A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial range for feedback from star formation varies from molecular cloud disruption on parsec scales to supershells and disk blowout on kiloparsec scales. The relative amounts of energy and momentum given to these scales is important for understanding the termination of star formation in any one region and the origin of interstellar turbulence and disk stability in galaxies as a whole. Here we measure for eleven THINGS galaxies the excess kinetic energy, velocity dispersion and surface density of HI gas associated with regions of excess star formation, where the excess is determined from the difference between the observed local value and the azimuthal average. We find small decreases in the excess kinetic energy and velocity dispersion in regions of excess star formation rate density, suggesting that most of the feedback energy does not go into local HI motion. Most likely it disrupts molecular clouds and dissipates rapidly at high gas density. Some could also be distributed over larger regions, filling in spaces between the peaks of star formation and contributing to other energy sources from self-gravity and spiral arm shocks.
description: accepted by ApJ, 17 pages, 14 figures
Chapter 7: Historic towns in Surrey some general considerations
Creators: name: Poulton, Robert
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 85, 239-242
description: Considers some of the wider implications of the results of a number of excavations (see also 99/1108 etc), particularly: origins, town planning, economy, backlands use, and towns in relation to villages.
Dependence of pulsation mode of Cepheids on metallicity
Creators: name: Zhang, Zehao
name: Jiang, Biwei
name: Ren, Yi
name: Chen, Xiaodian
name: Wang, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cepheid variables in SMC, LMC, the Milky Way, M33 and M31 are used to examine the dependence of pulsation mode on metallicity which was previously found in red supergiants. The initial samples of Cepheids are collected from the Cepheid catalogs identified from the OGLE, PS1, DIRECT, WISE and ZTF surveys. The contaminants are removed with the help of the Gaia/EDR3 astrometric information for extra galaxies or by comparing the geometric distance and the distance from the P-L relation for the Milky Way. The division of fundamental and first-overtone mode is refined according to the gap between the two modes in the P-L diagram of the objects in each galaxy. The ratio of FU/(FU+1O) is found to be 0.59, 0.60, 0.69, 0.83 and 0.85 for SMC, LMC, the Milky Way, M33 and M31 respectively in order of metallicity, which confirms that the pulsation mode depends on metallicity in the way that the ratio of FU/(FU+1O) increases with metallicity. This dependence is not changed if the incompleteness of the samples is taken into account.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Absence and recovery of cost-precision tradeoff relations in quantum transport
Creators: name: Gerry, Matthew
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operation of many classical and quantum systems in nonequilibrium steady state is constrained by cost-precision (dissipation-fluctuation) tradeoff relations, delineated by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). However, coherent quantum electronic nanojunctions can escape such a constraint, showing finite charge current and nonzero entropic cost with vanishing current fluctuations. Here, we analyze the absence, and restoration, of cost-precision tradeoff relations in fermionic nanojunctions under different affinities: voltage and temperature biases. With analytic work and simulations, we show that both charge and energy currents can display the absence of cost-precision tradeoff if we engineer the transmission probability as a boxcar function -- with a perfect transmission and hard energy cutoffs. Specifically for charge current under voltage bias, the standard TUR may be immediately violated as we depart from equilibrium, and it is exponentially suppressed with increased voltage. However, beyond idealized, hard-cutoff energy-filtered transmission functions, we show that realistic models with soft cutoffs or imperfect transmission functions follow cost-precision tradeoffs, and eventually recover the standard TUR sufficiently far from equilibrium. The existence of cost-precision tradeoff relations is thus suggested as a generic feature of realistic nonequilibrium quantum transport junctions.
Theoretical kinetics study of thymine tautomerism and interaction of Na+ with its tautomers
Creators: name: Marzyeh Mohammadi
name: Shapour Ramazani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The current work is a theoretical study of the tautomerism of thymine in the gas phase. Eighteen structures were found in the isomerisation reaction of thymine, some of which are reported for the first time. Thirty hydrogen transfer reactions were carried out. In 24 of the reactions, the hydrogen abstractions N―H→O, N―H→C and C―H→O were considered. The potential energy surface for all trajectories was determined for 18 tautomers and 40 transition states. The RRKM-TST model was used to calculate the rate constants of the reactions to examine their kinetics. Nonlinear least-squares fitting was used to calculate the rate constants expressions. The interaction of sodium ion and tautomers in the gas phase was also investigated. Three types of interaction of metal cations with thymine were found. In the first, metal cations interact with a lone pair of nitrogen or oxygen tautomers. The second type is the interaction of metal cations with two nitrogen and oxygen of tautomers. The last type is the interaction of metal cations and the electron density of the π-system of thymine in which the metal ion is perpendicular to the ring of tautomers. The stability ranking of the thymine tautomers and their complexes was also determined.
Investigating the low-flux states in six Intermediate Polars
Creators: name: Covington, Ava E.
name: Shaw, Aarran W.
name: Mukai, Koji
name: Littlefield, Colin
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Plotkin, Richard M.
name: Barrett, Doug
name: Boardman, James
name: Boyd, David
name: Brincat, Stephen M.
name: Carstens, Rolf
name: Collins, Donald F.
name: Cook, Lewis M.
name: Cooney, Walter R.
name: Fernández, David Cejudo
name: Dufoer, Sjoerd
name: Dvorak, Shawn
name: Galdies, Charles
name: Goff, William
name: Hambsch, Franz-Josef
name: Johnston, Steve
name: Jones, Jim
name: Menzies, Kenneth
name: Monard, Libert A. G.
name: Morelle, Etienne
name: Nelson, Peter
name: Öğmen, Yenal
name: Rock, John W.
name: Sabo, Richard
name: Seargeant, Jim
name: Stone, Geoffrey
name: Ulowetz, Joseph
name: Vanmunster, Tonny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometry of six intermediate polars that exhibit transitions to a low-flux state. For four of these systems, DW Cnc, V515 And, V1223 Sgr and RX J2133.7+5107, we are able to perform timing analysis in and out of the low states. We find that, for DW Cnc and V515 And, the dominant periodicities in the light curves change as the flux decreases, indicating a change in the sources' accretion properties as they transition to the low state. For V1223 Sgr we find that the variability is almost completely quenched at the lowest flux, but do not find evidence for a changing accretion geometry. For RX J2133.7+5107, the temporal properties do not change in the low state, but we do see a period of enhanced accretion that is coincident with increased variability on the beat frequency, which we do not associate with a change in the accretion mechanisms in the system.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. The authors recommend downloading the PDF of this paper, as it takes a while to render online
Superrotation of Titan's stratosphere driven by the radiative heating of the haze layer
Creators: name: Sumi, Motoki
name: Takehiro, Shin-ichi
name: Ohfuchi, Wataru
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Fujii, Yuka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Titan's stratosphere has been observed in a superrotation state, where the atmosphere rotates many times faster than the surface does. Another characteristics of Titan's atmosphere is the presence of thick haze layer. In this paper, we performed numerical experiments using a General Circulation Model (GCM), to explore the effects of the haze layer on the stratospheric superrotation. We employed a semi-gray radiation model of Titan's atmosphere following McKay et al. (1999), which takes account of the sunlight absorption by haze particles. The phase change of methane or the seasonal changes were not taken into account. Our model with the radiation parameters tuned for Titan yielded the global eastward wind around the equator with larger velocities at higher altitudes except at around 70 km after $10^5$ Earth days. Although the atmosphere is not in an equilibrium state, the zonal wind profiles is approximately consistent with the observed one. Analysis on our experiments suggests that the quasi-stationary stratospheric superrotation is maintained by the balance between the meridional circulation decoupled from the surface, and the eddies that transport angular momentum equatorward. This is different from, but similar to, the so-called Gierasch mechanism, in which momentum is supplied from the surface. This structure may explain the no-wind region at about $80$ km in altitude.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Free Inclinations for Transneptunian Objects in the Main Kuiper Belt
Creators: name: Huang, Yukun
name: Gladman, Brett
name: Volk, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a complex inclination structure present in the transneptunian object (TNO) orbital distribution in the main classical belt region (between orbital semimajor axes of 39 and 48 au). The long-term gravitational effects of the giant planets make TNO orbits precess, but non-resonant objects maintain a nearly constant 'free' inclination ($I_\text{free}$) with respect to a local forced precession pole. Because of the likely cosmogonic importance of the distribution of this quantity, we tabulate free inclinations for all main-belt TNOs, each individually computed using barycentric orbital elements with respect to each object's local forcing pole. We show that the simplest method, based on the Laplace-Lagrange secular theory, is unable to give correct forcing poles for objects near the $ν_{18}$ secular resonance, resulting in poorly conserved $I_\text{free}$ values in much of the main belt. We thus instead implemented an averaged Hamiltonian to obtain the expected nodal precession for each TNO, yielding significantly more accurate free inclinations for non-resonant objects. For the vast majority (96\%) of classical belt TNOs, these $I_\text{free}$ values are conserved to $<1^\circ$ over 4 Gyr numerical simulations, demonstrating the advantage of using this well-conserved quantity in studies of the TNO population and its primordial inclination profile; our computed distributions only reinforce the idea of a very co-planar surviving 'cold' primordial population, overlain by a large $I$-width implanted 'hot' population.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS. Data downloadable in https://yukunhuang.com
Optical and Near-Infrared Excesses are Correlated in T Tauri Stars
Creators: name: Sullivan, Kendall
name: Kraus, Adam L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion is one of the defining characteristics of classical T Tauri stars, fueled by the presence of a circumstellar disk comprised of dust and gas. Accretion produces a UV and optical excess, while re-radiated emission at the inner edge of the dust component of the disk produces a near-infrared (NIR) excess. The interplay between stars and their disks helps regulate protoplanetary disk evolution and dispersal, which is key to a full understanding of planet formation. To investigate the relations between NIR excess and optical excess in both single and binary stars, we used an archival sample of spectroscopically characterized members of the Taurus star-forming region ($τ\sim$ 1-2 Myr) with measured luminosities, spectral types, and optical veiling. We combined the archival sample with 2MASS and WISE NIR photometry and high-resolution imaging surveys. We found that NIR and optical excesses are correlated in multiple NIR photometric bands, suggesting that they are closely related, likely because more massive disks have higher inner dust disk walls and are also associated with higher accretion rates. We also found that multiplicity has no impact on accretion or inner disk properties in a sample with a wide range of separations, but the sample was too small to specifically investigate close binaries, where the effects of multiplicity on disk properties should be most significant.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Goal-directed Planning and Goal Understanding by Active Inference: Evaluation Through Simulated and Physical Robot Experiments
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Takazumi
name: Ohata, Wataru
name: Benureau, Fabien C. Y.
name: Tani, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that goal-directed action planning and generation in a teleological framework can be formulated using the free energy principle. The proposed model, which is built on a variational recurrent neural network model, is characterized by three essential features. These are that (1) goals can be specified for both static sensory states, e.g., for goal images to be reached and dynamic processes, e.g., for moving around an object, (2) the model can not only generate goal-directed action plans, but can also understand goals by sensory observation, and (3) the model generates future action plans for given goals based on the best estimate of the current state, inferred using past sensory observations. The proposed model is evaluated by conducting experiments on a simulated mobile agent as well as on a real humanoid robot performing object manipulation.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to MDPI Entropy
Moments of Discovery: Art and Science Exhibition
Creators: name: Dahinden, Manuela
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Plant sciences

description: At a time when technological change is proceeding apace and global crises are presenting enormous challenges, the communication of scientific knowledge is paramount. Visualisations – such as art – capture our attention, spark interest and enhance understanding of the relevance of plant sciences.
To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, a network of more than 700 plant scientists, we invited our members to share a Moment of Discovery with us.
The insights gleaned through plant science have enabled us to advance agriculture, protect our environment, cure diseases and create new knowledge about plants. Inherent to the scientific methods used are curiosity about nature, questioning, observing, reasoning and the sharing of knowledge.
Through this collection of twelve illustrations, we now present a visual feast of the wide range of plant science discoveries.
Machine learning for global modeling of the ionosphere based on multi-GNSS data
Creators: name: Mao, Shuyin
name: Kłopotek, Grzegorz
name: Awadaljeed, Mudathir
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: High-precision global ionospheric modeling is important for radio communication, navigation, or studies on space weather. Traditional spatial ionospheric modeling approaches include spherical harmonics and trigonometric B-splines. The Ionospheric Associated Analysis Centers (IAAC) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) use these methods to model vertical total electron content (VTEC) globally, and generate Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs). Due to the limitations of spatial modeling approaches, conventional GIMs cannot comprehensively describe the spatial feature of the ionosphere. With the capability of capturing complex and non-linear relationships of diverse data, machine learning (ML) has been increasingly applied to ionospheric modeling. Currently, most of the existing ML-related studies focused on temporal prediction of ionospheric states and rarely considered the aspect of the spatial modeling of VTEC. Although some studies predicted global ionosphere maps using machine learning, they used conventional GIMs as inputs, implying that the precision of the ML-based spatial modeling could be limited by traditional methods and quantity of input GNSS observations utilized to generate GIMs.

The goal of this study is the spatial interpolation of VTEC using ML methods for the generation of ML-based GIMs. We first determine VTEC using carrier-to-code levelling through Kalman filter and based on geometry-free multi-GNSS observations from GNSS stations of the IGS network. The derived satellite-specific VTEC time series are then used to train the ML models. Several algorithms, such as extreme gradient boosting and random forest, are applied and their performance is evaluated. Moreover, VTEC from satellite altimetry is used as an additional means to assess the quality of the generated ML models. Finally, we compare the acquired ML-based GIMs with conventional GIMs to investigate the advantage of using the proposed approach for global VTEC modeling.
description: EGUsphere
Augmented Reality with Hololens - 3D models and supplementary files
Creators: name: Hockett, Paul
name: Ingleby, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 120101 Architectural Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 20201 Atomic and Molecular Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Augmented Reality with Hololens: Experiential Architectures Embedded in the Real World
Manuscript (arXiv version), 3D models (.fbx) and supplementary files for manuscript.
Testing the Alfvén-wave model of the solar wind with interplanetary scintillation
Creators: name: Shoda, Munehito
name: Iwai, Kazumasa
name: Shiota, Daikou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the mechanism(s) of the solar wind acceleration is important in astrophysics and geophysics. A promising model of the solar wind acceleration is known as the wave/turbulence-driven (WTD) model, in which Alfvén waves feed energy to the solar wind. In this study, we tested the WTD model with global measurement of wind speed from interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations. For Carrington rotations in minimal and maximal activity phases, we selected field lines calculated by the potential-field source-surface method in high- and mid-latitudes and compared the simulated and observed wind velocities. The simulation was performed in a self-consistent manner by solving the magnetohydrodynamic equations from the photosphere to the solar wind. In high-latitude regions, the simulated solar wind velocity agrees better with the IPS observation than with the classical Wang--Sheeley empirical estimation, both in maximal and minimal activity phases. In mid-latitude regions, the agreement worsens, possibly because of the inaccuracy of the WTD model and/or the magnetic-field extrapolation. Our results indicate that the high-latitude solar wind is likely to be driven by waves and turbulence, and that the physics-based prediction of the solar wind velocity is highly feasible with an improved magnetic-field extrapolation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
The Palaeolithic sites at Limpsfield, Surrey: an analysis of the artefacts collected by A M Bell
Creators: name: Field, David J
name: Nicolaysen, Pat
name: Cotton, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 86, 1-32
description: Records and analyses a collection of flint artefacts assembled around the end of the nineteenth century are recorded and analysed, and a large number are allocated a site provenance. A number of discrete sites and possible sub-sites is identified, and the results of recent fieldwork in the area is also described. Finds include a high percentage of bifaces with twisted profiles, possibly indicative of a particular production technique. The finds are related to local geology, and their significance for early human activity in the landscape is considered. There are six appendices, respectively entitled: `The sub-sites at Limpsfield' (microfiche), `Profiles of bifaces from Bell's collection of Palaeolithic artefacts from Limpsfield' (29), `Palaeolithic artefacts from Limpsfield in the British Museum' (30), `Dates of recovery of artefacts from Limpsfield gravel pit' (30), `Heights of sites above OD taken from annotations on artefacts in Bell's Collection' (31) and a `Table of measurements of artefacts from Limpsfield in Bell's collection' (microfiche).
Optical Shadows of Rotating Bardeen AdS Black Holes
Creators: name: Belhaj, Adil
name: Belmahi, Hajar
name: Benali, Mohamed
name: Moumni, Hasan El
name: Essebani, Mohammed Amine
name: Sedra, Moulay Brahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we study certain optical shadows of rotating Bardeen-AdS black holes in the presence of internal and external field contributions. Precisely, we examine the shadow using one-dimensional real curves. By establishing the equations of motion of such AdS black holes without external dark sectors, we first analyze the shadow configurations in terms of a reduced moduli space involving only internal parameter contributions including the charge of the nonlinear electrodynamics. Among others, we find that this parameter serves as a geometric quantity controlling the shadow shape. Then, we graphically discuss the associated astronomical observables. Enlarging the moduli space, we analyze the behaviors of the quintessential black hole solutions in terms of the involved parameters controlling the dark field sector. Concretely, we observe that the dark energy not only affects the size but also deforms the shadow shape. Finally, we provide a possible link with observations from Event Horizon Telescope by showing certain constraints on the involved moduli space in the light of the M87$^*$ picture.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Luminous Extragalactic Infrared Transients and Variables from the SPIRITS Survey
Creators: name: Bond, Howard E.
name: Jencson, Jacob E.
name: Whitelock, Patricia A.
name: Adams, Scott M.
name: Bally, John
name: Cody, Ann Marie
name: Gehrz, Robert D.
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Masci, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SPIRITS--the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey--searched for luminous infrared (IR) transients and variables in nearly 200 nearby galaxies from 2014 to 2019, using the warm Spitzer telescope at 3.6 and 4.5 microns. Among the SPIRITS variables are IR-bright objects that are undetected in ground-based optical surveys. We classify them as (1) transients, (2) periodic variables, and (3) irregular variables. The transients include "SPRITE"s (eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events), having maximum luminosities fainter than supernovae, red IR colors, and a wide range of outburst durations (days to years). Here we report deep optical and near-IR imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of 21 SPIRITS variables. They were initially considered SPRITE transients, but many eventually proved instead to be periodic or irregular variables as more data were collected. HST images show most of these cool and dusty variables are associated with star-forming regions in late-type galaxies, implying an origin in massive stars. Two SPRITEs lacked optical progenitors in deep pre-outburst HST images; however, one was detected during eruption at J and H, indicating a dusty object with an effective temperature of ~1050 K. One faint SPRITE turned out to be a dusty classical nova. About half the HST targets proved to be periodic variables, with pulsation periods of 670-2160 days; they are likely dusty asymptotic-giant-branch (AGB) stars with masses of ~5-10 Msun. A few of them were warm enough to be detected in deep HST frames, but most are too cool. Out of six irregular variables, two were red supergiants with optical counterparts in HST images; four were too enshrouded for HST detection.
description: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal
The ancient roofs and heraldic bosses in Godalming Church
Creators: name: Bott, Alan J
name: Goodall, John A
name: Gravett, Kenneth W E
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 86, 33-51
description: Electrical work on the church enabled an examination of the roof timbers and ceilings, which comprise medieval, Tudor, and nineteenth-century phases. Early sixteenth-century ceiling bosses are also described, with details of their armorial motifs.