cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pairs Trading under Drift Uncertainty and Risk Penalization
Creators: name: Altay, Sühan
name: Colaneri, Katia
name: Eksi, Zehra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this work, we study a dynamic portfolio optimization problem related to pairs trading, which is an investment strategy that matches a long position in one security with a short position in another security with similar characteristics. The relationship between pairs, called a spread, is modeled by a Gaussian mean-reverting process whose drift rate is modulated by an unobservable continuous-time, finite-state Markov chain. Using the classical stochastic filtering theory, we reduce this problem with partial information to the one with full information and solve it for the logarithmic utility function, where the terminal wealth is penalized by the riskiness of the portfolio according to the realized volatility of the wealth process. We characterize optimal dollar-neutral strategies as well as optimal value functions under full and partial information and show that the certainty equivalence principle holds for the optimal portfolio strategy. Finally, we provide a numerical analysis for a toy example with a two-state Markov chain.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Physical Health Outcomes of Children in Foster Care: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Kirsch, Jaclyn
name: Radney, Angelise
name: Xu, Yanfeng
name: Denby, Ramona
name: Lee, Joyce Y.
name: Beal, Sarah J.
name: Presley, Sarah
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
Children of color-especially Black and Indigenous children-are disproportionately overrepresented in foster care and experience barriers in accessing services and receiving physical and behavioral healthcare compared to their White counterparts. Although racial disparities in mental health outcomes of children in foster care have been examined systematically, less is known about racial disparities in their physical health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to examine disparities in physical health outcomes (i.e., general health, developmental delays and disability, chronic illness, health-compromising behaviors, all-cause mortality) of children in foster care by their race and ethnicity (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021272072). Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Of the 6,102 unique studies identified, 24 met inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed journal article; published from 1991 to 2021; written in English; involved children in the U.S. foster care system; children were primarily in family-based placements; included health outcomes; included children's race and ethnicity; conducted quantitative analyses; and had an observational study design. There was limited evidence to suggest racial disparities among physical health domains examined, in part, due to the small number of studies, variability across study measures and designs, how race and ethnicity were categorized, and how related results were reported. Research that disaggregates results by more nuanced race and ethnicity categories, goes beyond including race and ethnicity as control variables, and uses more robust study designs to understand where racial disparities lie is necessary to inform practice and policy efforts to attain race and health equity in child welfare.
Nonempirical Semi-local Free-Energy Density Functional for Matter Under Extreme Conditions
Creators: name: Karasiev, Valentin V.
name: Dufty, James W.
name: Trickey, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing the potential for predictive density functional calculations of matter under extreme conditions depends crucially upon having an exchange-correlation (XC) free energy functional accurate over a wide range of state conditions. Unlike the ground-state case, no such functional exists. We remedy that with systematic construction of a generalized gradient approximation XC free-energy functional based on rigorous constraints, including the free energy gradient expansion. The new functional provides the correct temperature dependence in the slowly varying regime and the correct zero-T, high-T, and homogeneous electron gas limits. Its accuracy in the warm dense matter regime is attested by excellent agreement of the calculated deuterium equation of state with reference path integral Monte Carlo results at intermediate and elevated T. Pressure shifts for hot electrons in compressed static fcc Al and for low density Al demonstrate the combined magnitude of thermal and gradient effects handled well by this functional over a wide T range.
Cohomological Tautness of Singular Riemannian Foliations
Creators: name: Prieto, José Ignacio Royo
name: Saralegi-Aranguren, Martintxo
name: Wolak, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C12, 37C85

description: For a Riemannian foliation F on a compact manifold M , J. A. Álvarez López proved that the geometrical tautness of F , that is, the existence of a Riemannian metric making all the leaves minimal submanifolds of M, can be characterized by the vanishing of a basic cohomology class (the Álvarez class). In this work we generalize this result to the case of a singular Riemannian foliation K on a compact manifold X. In the singular case, no bundle-like metric on X can make all the leaves of K minimal. In this work, we prove that the Álvarez classes of the strata can be glued in a unique global Álvarez class. As a corollary, if X is simply connected, then the restriction of K to each stratum is geometrically taut, thus generalizing a celebrated result of E. Ghys for the regular case.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in RACSAM
Interpretation of the gamma-ray excess and AMS-02 antiprotons: Velocity dependent dark matter annihilations
Creators: name: Jia, Lian-Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two messenger results of the GeV gamma-ray excess at the Galactic center and a probable antiproton excess in the recent AMS-02 observation suggest that these two anomalies may be owing to the same origin --- the dark matter (DM) annihilation into $b \bar b$, while these results seem in tension with the dwarf spheroidal galaxy observations. To give a compatible explanation about it, we consider the pseudoscalar DM particles $S_d^+ S_d^-$ annihilating via $S_d^+ S_d^- \rightarrow S_d^0 S_d^0$, with the process mediated by a new scalar $ϕ$ and $S_d^0$ quickly decaying into $b \bar{b}$. For the particles $S_d^+$, $S_d^-$ and $S_d^0$ in a triplet with degenerate masses, the annihilation cross section of DM today is linearly dependent on the relative velocity $v_r$, and thus constraints from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies are relaxed. The parameter spaces are derived with corresponding constraints. Though traces from the new sector seem challenging to be disclosed at collider and in DM direct detections, the indirect search of the gamma-ray line from the $S_d^0$'s decay has the potential to shed light on DM annihilations, with the energy of the gamma-ray line $\sim m_{S_d^0} /2$, i.e. about 50$-$75 GeV.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, the accepted version
Andreev levels as a quantum dissipative environment
Creators: name: Galaktionov, A. V.
name: Golubev, D. S.
name: Zaikin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that at subgap energies quantum behavior of superconducting weak links can be exactly accounted for by an effective Hamiltonian for a Josephson particle in a quantum dissipative environment formed by Andreev levels. This environment can constitute an important source for intrinsic inelastic relaxation and dephasing in highly transparent weak links. We investigate the problem of macroscopic quantum tunneling in such weak links demonstrating that -- depending on the barrier transmission -- the supercurrent decay can be described by three different regimes: ($i$) weak intrinsic dissipation, ($ii$) strong intrinsic dissipation and ($iii$) strong capacitance renormalization. Crossover between quantum and thermally-assisted supercurrent decay regimes can also be strongly affected by the Andreev level environment.
description: published version, 6 pages, 3 figures
Cytoskeletal Anisotropy Controls Geometry and Forces of Adherent Cells
Creators: name: Pomp, Wim
name: Schakenraad, Koen
name: Balcioğlu, Hayri E.
name: van Hoorn, Hedde
name: Danen, Erik H. J.
name: Merks, Roeland M. H.
name: Schmidt, Thomas
name: Giomi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate the geometrical and mechanical properties of adherent cells characterized by a highly anisotropic actin cytoskeleton. Using a combination of theoretical work and experiments on micropillar arrays, we demonstrate that the shape of the cell edge is accurately described by elliptical arcs, whose eccentricity expresses the degree of anisotropy of the internal cell stresses. This results in a spatially varying tension along the cell edge, that significantly affects the traction forces exerted by the cell on the substrate. Our work highlights the strong interplay between cell mechanics and geometry and paves the way towards the reconstruction of cellular forces from geometrical data.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Ink‐Jet Printable, Self‐Assembled, and Chemically Crosslinked Ion‐Gel as Electrolyte for Thin Film, Printable Transistors
Creators: name: Jeong, Jaehoon
name: Marques, Gabriel Cadilha
name: Feng, Xiaowei
name: Boll, Dominic
name: Singaraju, Surya Abhishek
name: Aghassi‐Hagmann, Jasmin
name: Hahn, Horst
name: Breitung, Ben
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: Electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) represent an interesting alternative to conventional dielectric‐gating to reduce the required high supply voltage for printed electronic applications. Here, a type of ink‐jet printable ion‐gel is introduced and optimized to fabricate a chemically crosslinked ion‐gel by self‐assembled gelation, without additional crosslinking processes, e.g., UV‐curing. For the self‐assembled gelation, poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) are used as the polymer backbone and chemical crosslinker, respectively, and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTf]) is utilized as an ionic species to ensure ionic conductivity. The as‐synthesized ion‐gel exhibits an ionic conductivity of ≈5 mS cm⁻¹ and an effective capacitance of 5.4 µF cm⁻² at 1 Hz. The ion‐gel is successfully employed in EGTs with an indium oxide (In₂O₃) channel, which shows on/off‐ratios of up to 1.3 × 10⁶ and a subthreshold swing of 80.62 mV dec⁻¹.
Quantum simulation of discrete curved spacetime by the Bose-Hubbard model: from analog acoustic black hole to quantum phase transition
Creators: name: Bemani, F.
name: Roknizadeh, R.
name: Naderi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical scheme to simulate quantum field theory in a discrete curved spacetime based on the Bose-Hubbard model describing a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped inside an optical lattice. Using the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, we first introduce a hydrodynamic presentation of the system evolution in discrete space. We then show that the phase (density) fluctuations of the trapped bosons inside an optical lattice in the superfluid (Mott insulator) state obey the Klein-Gordon equation for a massless scalar field propagating in a discrete curved spacetime. We derive the effective metrics associated with the superfluid and Mott-insulator phases and, in particular, we find that in the superfluid phase the metric exhibits a singularity which can be considered as a the manifestation of an analog acoustic black hole. The proposed approach is found to provide a suitable platform for quantum simulation of various spacetime metrics through adjusting the system parameters.
MPEC 2024-B150 : 2024 BA3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 BA3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Magnetic monopole mass bounds from heavy ion collisions and neutron stars
Creators: name: Gould, Oliver
name: Rajantie, Arttu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic monopoles, if they exist, would be produced amply in strong magnetic fields and high temperatures via the thermal Schwinger process. Such circumstances arise in heavy ion collisions and in neutron stars, both of which imply lower bounds on the mass of possible magnetic monopoles. In showing this, we construct the cross section for pair production of magnetic monopoles in heavy ion collisions, which indicates that they are particularly promising for experimental searches such as MoEDAL.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. v2, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
CSPG4 CAR-redirected Cytokine Induced Killer lymphocytes (CIK) as effective cellular immunotherapy for HLA class I defective melanoma
Creators: name: Basiricò, Marco
name: Poletto, Stefano
name: Berrino, Enrico
name: Gammaitoni, Loretta
name: Caravelli, Daniela
name: Merlini, Alessandra
name: Biolato, Andrea Michela
name: Landoni, Elisa
name: Sangiolo, Dario
name: Donini, Chiara
name: Centomo, Maria Laura
name: Picciotto, Franco
name: Ventin, Marco
name: Vigna, Elisa
name: Bortolot, Valentina
name: Ferrone, Cristina R.
name: Dotti, Gianpietro
name: Cattaneo, Giulia
name: Aglietta, Massimo
name: Pisacane, Alberto
name: Leuci, Valeria
name: Iaia, Ilenia
name: Marchiò, Caterina
name: Carnevale-Schianca, Fabrizio
name: Massa, Annamaria
name: Paruzzo, Luca
name: Giraudo, Lidia
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Background Even acknowledging the game-changing results achieved in the treatment of metastatic melanoma with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), a large proportion of patients (40–60%) still fail to respond or relapse due to the development of resistance. Alterations in the expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are considered to play a major role in clinical resistance to ICI. Cellular immunotherapy with HLA-independent CAR-redirected lymphocytes is a promising alternative in this challenging setting and dedicated translational models are needed. Methods In this study, we propose an HLA-independent therapeutic strategy with Cytokine Induced Killer lymphocytes (CIK) genetically engineered with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) targeting the tumor antigen CSPG4 as effector mechanism. We investigated the preclinical antitumor activity of CSPG4-CAR.CIK in vitro and in a xenograft murine model focusing on patient-derived melanoma cell lines (Mel) with defective expression of HLA-I molecules. Results We successfully generated CSPG4-CAR.CIK from patients with metastatic melanoma and reported their intense activity in vitro against a panel of CSPG4-expressing patient-derived Mel. The melanoma killing activity was intense, even at very low effector to target ratios, and not influenced by the expression level (high, low, defective) of HLA-I molecules on target cells. Furthermore, CAR.CIK conditioned medium was capable of upregulating the expression of HLA-I molecules on melanoma cells. A comparable immunomodulatory effect was replicated by treatment of Mel cells with exogenous IFN-γ and IFN-α. The antimelanoma activity of CSPG4-CAR.CIK was successfully confirmed in vivo, obtaining a significant tumor growth inhibition of an HLA-defective Mel xenograft in immunodeficient mice. Conclusions In this study we reported the intense preclinical activity of CSPG4-CAR.CIK against melanoma, including those with low or defective HLA-I expression. Our findings support CSPG4 as a valuable CAR target in melanoma and provide translational rationale for clinical studies exploring CAR-CIK cellular immunotherapies within the challenging setting of patients not responsive or relapsing to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A Broadband DLCZ Quantum Memory in Room-Temperature Atoms
Creators: name: Dou, Jian-Peng
name: Yang, Ai-Lin
name: Du, Mu-Yan
name: Lao, Di
name: Gao, Jun
name: Qiao, Lu-Feng
name: Li, Hang
name: Pang, Xiao-Ling
name: Feng, Zhen
name: Tang, Hao
name: Jin, Xian-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum memory capable of stopping flying photons and storing their quantum coherence is essential for scalable quantum technologies. A room-temperature broadband quantum memory will enable the implementation of large-scale quantum systems for real-life applications. Due to either intrinsic high noises or short lifetime, it is still challenging to find a room-temperature broadband quantum memory beyond conceptual demonstration. Here, we present a far-off-resonance Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (FORD) protocol and demonstrate the broadband quantum memory in room-temperature atoms. We observe a low unconditional noise level of $10^{-4}$ and a cross-correlation up to 28. A strong violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality indicates high-fidelity generation and preservation of non-classical correlation. Furthermore, the achieved cross-correlation in room-temperature atoms exceeds the key boundary of 6 above which quantum correlation is able to violate Bell's inequality. Our results open up the door to an entirely new realm of memory-enabled quantum applications at ambient conditions.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Analog curved spacetimes in the reversed dissipation regime of cavity optomechanics
Creators: name: Bemani, F.
name: Roknizadeh, R.
name: Naderi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we theoretically propose an optomechanical scheme to explore the possibility of simulating the propagation of the collective excitations of the photon fluid in a curved spacetime. For this purpose, we introduce two theoretical models for two-dimensional photon gas in a planar optomechanical microcavity and a two-dimensional array of coupled optomechanical systems. In the reversed dissipation regime (RDR) of cavity optomechanics where the mechanical oscillator reaches equilibrium with its thermal reservoir much faster than the cavity modes, the mechanical degrees of freedom can adiabatically be eliminated. The adiabatic elimination of the mechanical mode provides an effective nonlinear Kerr-type photon-photon interaction. Using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), we show that the phase fluctuations in the two-dimensional photon fluid obey the Klein-Gordon equation for a massless scalar field propagating in a curved spacetime. The results reveal that the photon fluid as well as the corresponding metric can be controlled by manipulating the system parameters.
Reiter/Embacher (Hg.) (2011): Europa und der 11. September 2001
Creators: name: König, Thomas
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 41 Nr. 4 (2012): Offenes Heft
Enhanced Spin Conductance of a Thin-Film Insulating Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Bender, Scott A.
name: Skarsvåg, Hans
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Duine, Rembert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spin transport by thermally excited spin waves in an antiferromagnetic insulator. Starting from a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert phenomenology, we obtain the out-of-equilibrium spin-wave properties. In linear response to spin biasing and a temperature gradient, we compute the spin transport through a normal metal$|$antiferromagnet$|$normal metal heterostructure. We show that the spin conductance diverges as one approaches the spin-flop transition; this enhancement of the conductance should be readily observable by sweeping the magnetic field across the spin-flop transition. The results from such experiments may, on the one hand, enhance our understanding of spin transport near a phase transition, and on the other be useful for applications that require a large degree of tunability of spin currents. In contrast, the spin Seebeck coefficient does not diverge at the spin-flop transition. Furthermore, the spin Seebeck coefficient is finite even at zero magnetic field, provided that the normal metal contacts break the symmetry between the antiferromagnetic sublattices.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities: How DARIAH helps enable SSH researchers
Creators: name: Gray, Edward
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: DARIAH
Research Infrastructure

description: This presentation was made during the CLARIN-LV conference "The latest language resources and tools for the digital humanities," hosted at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the University of Latvia on September 12th, 2023. The talk focuses on an introduction of DARIAH and it's missions to the Latvian audience, and how research infrastructure helps uplift researchers and enables them to create groundbreaking research in a more supported, interconnected environment.
AMICO: optimised detection of galaxy clusters in photometric surveys
Creators: name: Bellagamba, Fabio
name: Roncarelli, Mauro
name: Maturi, Matteo
name: Moscardini, Lauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present AMICO (Adaptive Matched Identifier of Clustered Objects), a new algorithm for the detection of galaxy clusters in photometric surveys. AMICO is based on the Optimal Filtering technique, which allows to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio of the clusters. In this work we focus on the new iterative approach to the extraction of cluster candidates from the map produced by the filter. In particular, we provide a definition of membership probability for the galaxies close to any cluster candidate, which allows us to remove its imprint from the map, allowing the detection of smaller structures. As demonstrated in our tests, this method allows the deblending of close-by and aligned structures in more than $50\%$ of the cases for objects at radial distance equal to $0.5 \times R_{200}$ or redshift distance equal to $2 \times σ_z$, being $σ_z$ the typical uncertainty of photometric redshifts. Running AMICO on mocks derived from N-body simulations and semi-analytical modelling of the galaxy evolution, we obtain a consistent mass-amplitude relation through the redshift range $0.3 < z < 1$, with a logarithmic slope $\sim 0.55$ and a logarithmic scatter $\sim 0.14$. The fraction of false detections is steeply decreasing with S/N, and negligible at S/N > 5.
description: 18 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mutual Information, Neural Networks and the Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Koch-Janusz, Maciej
name: Ringel, Zohar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physical systems differring in their microscopic details often display strikingly similar behaviour when probed at macroscopic scales. Those universal properties, largely determining their physical characteristics, are revealed by the powerful renormalization group (RG) procedure, which systematically retains "slow" degrees of freedom and integrates out the rest. However, the important degrees of freedom may be difficult to identify. Here we demonstrate a machine learning algorithm capable of identifying the relevant degrees of freedom and executing RG steps iteratively without any prior knowledge about the system. We introduce an artificial neural network based on a model-independent, information-theoretic characterization of a real-space RG procedure, performing this task. We apply the algorithm to classical statistical physics problems in one and two dimensions. We demonstrate RG flow and extract the Ising critical exponent. Our results demonstrate that machine learning techniques can extract abstract physical concepts and consequently become an integral part of theory- and model-building.
description: The accepted (substantially extended) version
Greiner/Müller/Weber (Hg.) (2011): Macht und Geist im Kalten Krieg
Creators: name: König, Thomas
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 41 Nr. 1 (2012): Offenes Heft
Phases of New Physics in the BAO Spectrum
Creators: name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Green, Daniel
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the phase of the spectrum of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) is immune to the effects of nonlinear evolution. This suggests that any new physics that contributes to the initial phase of the BAO spectrum, such as extra light species in the early universe, can be extracted reliably at late times. We provide three arguments in support of our claim: First, we point out that a phase shift of the BAO spectrum maps to a characteristic sign change in the real space correlation function and that this feature cannot be generated or modified by nonlinear dynamics. Second, we confirm this intuition through an explicit computation, valid to all orders in cosmological perturbation theory. Finally, we provide a nonperturbative argument using general analytic properties of the linear response to the initial oscillations. Our result motivates measuring the phase of the BAO spectrum as a robust probe of new physics.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures; V2: minor clarification
title: Influence of heated forming tools on corrosion behavior of high strength aluminum alloys
Creators: name: Heider, B.
name: Scharifi, E.
name: Engler, T.
name: Oechsner, M.
name: Steinhoff, K.
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: In this study forming tools temperated at 24 °C and 350 °C were used to systematically investigate the influence of different cooling rates on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a high strength aluminum alloy AA7075 within a novel thermo‐mechanical process that combines forming and quenching simultaneously. The samples formed within heated tools reveal higher ductility and lower material strength compared to the parts processed in cold tools. In addition, the corrosion behavior changed between samples formed with 24 °C forming tools and 350 °C forming tools, respectively. Through cyclic polarization in chloride containing aqueous media a change in the hysteresis and shift of open circuit potential was observed. Metallographic investigation revealed that there was also a very different corrosion morphology for the samples formed within the heated tools. No change in average grain size could be detected but changes of the microstructure in subgrain scale that occur during the forming within the heated tools are responsible for this effect. In further research, the effect of various cooling rates on mechanical and corrosion behavior and the microstructure will be investigated by variation of the forming tool temperature.
X-rays across the galaxy population - II. The distribution of AGN accretion rates as a function of stellar mass and redshift
Creators: name: Aird, James
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Georgakakis, Antonis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep Chandra X-ray imaging to measure the distribution of specific black hole accretion rates ($L_X$ relative to the stellar mass of the galaxy) and thus trace AGN activity within star-forming and quiescent galaxies, as a function of stellar mass (from $10^{8.5}-10^{11.5} M_\odot$) and redshift (to $z \sim 4$). We adopt near-infrared selected samples of galaxies from the CANDELS and UltraVISTA surveys, extract X-ray data for every galaxy, and use a flexible Bayesian method to combine these data and to measure the probability distribution function of specific black hole accretion rates, $λ_{sBHAR}$. We identify a broad distribution of $λ_{sBHAR}$ in both star-forming and quiescent galaxies---likely reflecting the stochastic nature of AGN fuelling---with a roughly power-law shape that rises toward lower $λ_{sBHAR}$, a steep cutoff at $λ_{sBHAR} \gtrsim 0.1-1$ (in Eddington equivalent units), and a turnover or flattening at $λ_{sBHAR} \lesssim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}$. We find that the probability of a star-forming galaxy hosting a moderate $λ_{sBHAR}$ AGN depends on stellar mass and evolves with redshift, shifting toward higher $λ_{sBHAR}$ at higher redshifts. This evolution is truncated at a point corresponding to the Eddington limit, indicating black holes may self-regulate their growth at high redshifts when copious gas is available. The probability of a quiescent galaxy hosting an AGN is generally lower than that of a star-forming galaxy, shows signs of suppression at the highest stellar masses, and evolves strongly with redshift. The AGN duty cycle in high-redshift ($z\gtrsim2$) quiescent galaxies thus reaches $\sim$20 per cent, comparable to the duty cycle in star-forming galaxies of equivalent stellar mass and redshift.
description: 20 pages + 3 appendices (27 pages total) with 15 figures. The sketch shown in Figure 9 summarizes our findings. Data tables available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009605 . Updated FAST SED fitting code available at https://github.com/jamesaird/FAST . This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review
Coexistence of Localized and Extended States in Disordered Systems
Creators: name: Xiao, Yi-Xin
name: Zhang, Zhao-Qing
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly believed that Anderson localized states and extended states do not coexist at the same energy. Here we propose a simple mechanism to achieve the coexistence of localized and extended states in a band in a class of disordered quasi-1D and quasi-2D systems. The systems are partially disordered in a way that a band of extended states always exists, not affected by the randomness, whereas the states in all other bands become localized. The extended states can overlap with the localized states both in energy and in space, achieving the aforementioned coexistence. We demonstrate such coexistence in disordered multi-chain and multi-layer systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Chemical–protein relation extraction with ensembles of carefully tuned pretrained language models
Creators: name: Weber, Leon
name: Sänger, Mario
name: Garda, Samuele
name: Barth, Fabio
name: Alt, Christoph
name: Leser, Ulf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 004 Informatik

description: The identification of chemical–protein interactions described in the literature is an important task with applications in drug design, precision medicine and biotechnology. Manual extraction of such relationships from the biomedical literature is costly and often prohibitively time-consuming. The BioCreative VII DrugProt shared task provides a benchmark for methods for the automated extraction of chemical–protein relations from scientific text. Here we describe our contribution to the shared task and report on the achieved results. We define the task as a relation classification problem, which we approach with pretrained transformer language models. Upon this basic architecture, we experiment with utilizing textual and embedded side information from knowledge bases as well as additional training data to improve extraction performance. We perform a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed model and the individual extensions including an extensive hyperparameter search leading to 2647 different runs. We find that ensembling and choosing the right pretrained language model are crucial for optimal performance, whereas adding additional data and embedded side information did not improve results. Our best model is based on an ensemble of 10 pretrained transformers and additional textual descriptions of chemicals taken from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The model reaches an F1 score of 79.73% on the hidden DrugProt test set and achieves the first rank out of 107 submitted runs in the official evaluation. Database URL: https://github.com/leonweber/drugprot
Virtual Black Holes from Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Proton Decay
Creators: name: Alsaleh, Salwa
name: Al-Modlej, Abeer
name: Ali, Ahmed Farag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of virtual black holes in the context of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), as a mediator for a proton decay process which is forbidden by the standard model. Then, we calculate the lower bounds of the GUP deformation parameter by the experimental bound on the half life of the proton.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Minor typos corrected. Published in EPL
Die Europäisierung der Abschiebepolitik Österreichs: mehr Handlungsoptionen für staatliche AkteurInnen oder mehr Schutz für Betroffene?
Creators: name: Slominski, Peter
name: Trauner, Florian
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Der Artikel behandelt die Auswirkungen, die die institutionelle Verankerung Österreichs im europäischen Mehrebenensystem auf die Abschiebepolitik dieses Landes hatte. Hat der Europäisierungsprozess die Handlungsoptionen staatlicher AkteurInnen eingeschränkt oder erweitert? Inwiefern hat die Europäisierung den Schutz für Betroffene beeinflusst? Der Artikel zeigt, dass sich Außerlandesbringungen sowohl quantitativ reduziert als auch diversifiziert haben. Im Speziellen die Kategorien der „freiwilligen Rückkehr“ und der „Dublin-II-Überstellung“ haben an Bedeutung gewonnen. Sozialwissenschaftlich betrachtet hat der europäische Integrationsprozess Österreich im Bereich Abschiebepolitik wenig rechtliche und politische Schranken auferlegt - mit der gewichtigen Ausnahme des erhöhten Abschiebeschutzes für mittel- und osteuropäische BürgerInnen. Vielmehr können österreichische ExekutivbeamtInnen aufgrund verstärkter Drittstaatskooperationen, dem Dublin-System und Frontex-Sammelabschiebungen nunmehr Außerlandesbringungen umfassender, kostengünstiger und zügiger vornehmen.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 2 (2014): Abschiebepolitik
ALK inhibitors increase ALK expression and sensitize neuroblastoma cells to ALK.CAR-T cells
Creators: name: Ambrogio, Chiara
name: Nüesch, Manuel
name: Landoni, Elisa
name: Li, Tongqing
name: Molinaro, Luca
name: Aroldi, Andrea
name: Savoldo, Barbara
name: Klein, Daryl
name: Voena, Claudia
name: Chiarle, Roberto
name: Ma, Leyuan
name: Mecca, Carmen
name: Papotti, Mauro
name: Blasco, Rafael B
name: Mota, Ines
name: Metovic, Jasna
name: Dotti, Gianpietro
name: Irvine, Darrell J
name: Bergaggio, Elisa
name: Alvarado, Diego
name: Tai, Wei-Tien
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Selection of the best tumor antigen is critical for the therapeutic success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor is expressed by most neuroblastomas while virtually absent in most normal tissues. ALK is an oncogenic driver in neuroblastoma and ALK inhibitors show promising clinical activity. Here, we describe the development of ALK.CAR-T cells that show potent efficacy in monotherapy against neuroblastoma with high ALK expression without toxicity. For neuroblastoma with low ALK expression, combination with ALK inhibitors specifically potentiates ALK.CAR-T cells but not GD2.CAR-T cells. Mechanistically, ALK inhibitors impair tumor growth and upregulate the expression of ALK, thereby facilitating the activity of ALK.CAR-T cells against neuroblastoma. Thus, while neither ALK inhibitors nor ALK.CAR-T cells will likely be sufficient as monotherapy in neuroblastoma with low ALK density, their combination specifically enhances therapeutic efficacy.
title: Fire behavior of flame retarded sandwich structures containing PET foam cores and epoxy face sheets
Creators: name: Bethke, Christian
name: Weber, Lais
name: Goedderz, Daniela
name: Standau, Tobias
name: Döring, Manfred
name: Altstädt, Volker
Publisher: name: Society of Plastic Engineers ; Wiley
Year: 2024

description: Within this work, the investigation on interactions of a phosphorus‐containing flame retardant (FR) DEPAl in epoxy face sheets and five different FRs in the PET‐foam core of a sandwich laminate on the fire behavior is focused. Fourteen different combinations of resin face sheets and PET foam cores are produced by vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI). The combustion behavior of the sandwich laminates is tested by cone calorimetry. The time to ignition is lowered when a FR resin is used while the subsequent burning behavior is mainly influenced by the PET foam core. In order to evaluate the interactions of the flame retardants in the core and face sheet, a total improvement value (TIV) was set up which compares the performance related to the specific FR combinations. The highest TIV value (76%) indicating positive interactions with DEPAl was observed with a 2‐PSMP‐PET core, the lowest value (−2%) with a DEPZn‐PET core.
Haberler/Hajek/Ludwig/Paloni (Hg.) (2012): Que[e]r zum Staat
Creators: name: Löffler, Marion
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise
Search for charged Higgs bosons produced in vector boson fusion processes and decaying into a pair of W and Z bosons using proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for charged Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion and decaying into W and Z bosons using proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 15.2 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector in 2015 and 2016. The event selection requires three leptons (electrons or muons), two jets with large pseudorapidity separation and high dijet mass, and missing transverse momentum. The observation agrees with the standard model prediction. Limits on the vector boson fusion production cross section times branching fraction for new charged physical states are reported as a function of mass from 200 to 2000 GeV and interpreted in the context of Higgs triplet models.
description: Replaced with the published version. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-16-027 (CMS Public Pages)
MPEC 2023-R158 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 September 12)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
THE INFLUENCE OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES ON STUDENTS' READINESS TO MODERNIZE CONSTRUCTION NETWORKS
Creators: name: Mukhtoralieva, M.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article is devoted to the study of the influence of pedagogical technologi es on the readiness of students to modernize construction networks. The authors analyze current trends in the field of education and the construction industry, identifying key aspects that require the integration of innovative teaching methods. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted among students of construction specialties, taking into account the use of modern educational technologies. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of the introduction of virtual and augmented realities, online courses and interactive platforms in the learning process. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the use of advanced pedagogical technologies helps to increase students' readiness to implement the modernization of construction networks. The recommendations proposed in the article can be used in the development of educational programs and methods in order to optimize the learning process in the context of current challenges and requirements of the construction industry.
Kinetic energy of a trapped Fermi gas at finite temperature
Creators: name: Grela, Jacek
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistics of the kinetic (or equivalently potential) energy for $N$ non-interacting fermions in a $1d$ harmonic trap of frequency $ω$, at finite temperature $T$. Remarkably, we find an exact solution for the full distribution of the kinetic energy, at any temperature $T$ and for any $N$, using a non-trivial mapping to an integrable Calogero-Moser-Sutherland model. As a function of temperature $T$, and for large $N$, we identify: (i) a quantum regime, for $T \sim \hbar ω$, where quantum fluctuations dominate and (ii) a thermal regime, for $T \sim N \hbar ω$, governed by thermal fluctuations. We show how the mean, the variance as well as the large deviation function associated with the distribution of the kinetic energy cross over from the quantum to the thermal regime as temperature increases.
description: 5 pages + 9 pages of supplementary material, 3 figures, typos corrected
PT -symmetric rational Calogero model with balanced loss and gain
Creators: name: Sinha, Debdeep
name: Ghosh, Pijush K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two body rational Calogero model with balanced loss and gain is investigated. The system yields a Hamiltonian which is symmetric under the combined operation of parity (P) and time reversal (T ) symmetry. It is shown that the system is integrable and exact, stable classical solutions are obtained for particular ranges of the parameters. The corresponding quantum system admits bound state solutions for exactly the same ranges of the parameters for which the classical solutions are stable. The eigen spectra of the system is presented with a discussion on the normalization of the wave functions in proper Stokes wedges. Finally, the Calogero model with balanced loss and gain is studied classically, when the pair-wise harmonic interaction term is replaced by a common confining harmonic potential. The system admits stable solutions for particular ranges of the parameters. However, the integrability and/or exact solvability of the system is obscure due to the presence of the loss and gain terms. The perturbative solutions are obtained and are compared with the numerical results.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, minor changes in text, some figures removed, Version to appear in Eur. Phys. J. Plus
Demokratische Partizipation durch Expertengremien? Der Trade-Off zwischen Inklusion und Effektivität
Creators: name: Krick, Eva
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2014

description: Können Expertengremien zur Bürgerbeteiligung beitragen? Der Beitrag behandelt diese Frage nach dem Partizipationspotential von Expertengremien auf der Grundlage eines empirischen Fallvergleichs plural zusammengesetzter und mit der Politikformulierung betrauter Beratungsgremien der deutschen Bundesregierung. Maßstab der Analyse ist ein zweidimensionales Partizipationskonzept, welches aus der empirischen und theoretischen Beteiligungsforschung hergeleitet wird und sowohl die Gleichheit der Partizipation, als auch die Wirksamkeit einbezieht. Es werden zwei Typen von Expertengremien kontrastiert, die jeweils eine der Partizipationsdimensionen auf Kosten der anderen erfüllen. Die verschiedenen Partizipationsniveaus werden verhandlungstheoretisch erklärt.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 43 Nr. 1 (2014): Ökologische Krise