cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: "Out of the darkness into light": A Critical Evaluation Of Scottish Prison Reorganisation For Long Term Imprisonment 1988 To The Present
Creators: name: Chadwick, Kathryn Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: During the mid 1980s official accounts stated that the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) was experiencing an unprecedented 'crisis' which primarily concerned: overcrowding, poor conditions, serious disorder and prisoner unrest, low staff morale and consequently loss of public confidence in the ability of the SPS to manage prisons effectively. Added pressure was placed on the SPS by a substantial increase in sentenced short term offenders together with an increase in long termers and a commitment in the courts to longer sentences. Although the 'crisis' in Scottish prisons emerged on a range of levels, producing one of the most bitter penal controversies in Europe, the SPS identified long term adult male imprisonment as fundamental to its problems and central to its programme of reform. Once it became evident that the SPS had 'lost control' of its main male prisons, a period of evaluation and self appraisal was initiated. This research examines the manifestations of the 'crisis' and considers the response of the SPS, outlining and evaluating the subsequent policy changes and new initiatives adopted to alleviate the 'crisis'. The theoretical framework of this study is derived specifically in critical analysis within criminology, which prioritises the significance of the structural relations of production and distribution, reproduction and patriarchy, and neo colonialism, as primary determining contexts, within which the inter-relationships and mutual dependencies of structural forms of oppression can be considered. In examining the relationship between the law, crime, punishment and the state, the politics of marginalisation and the processes of criminalisation are prioritised. Within this context, the means through which imprisonment is conceived and legitimated and the implications of a growing authoritarianism are discussed. This study focuses on the dynamics of long term male imprisonment in Scottish prisons. The views and experiences of long term male prisoners are contrasted with those of senior management, Governors and prison staff in order to understand the 'crisis', and ascertain the impact of policy changes and new initiatives on both the Prison Service and the experiences of men serving long sentences in Scotland's prisons. The research places official discourse, which incorporates the 'view from above', alongside the views of those individuals whose experiences provide essential testimony concerning the daily reality of operational policy on regimes.
KRISTOFER KOLUMBNING AMERIKAGA TO'RT MARTDA SAYOHATINING TARIXIY AHAMYATI YANGICHA TALQINDA
Creators: name: Mamadiyev, Qobiljon.Q.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: XV-asrning oxirida rivojlanayotgan zamonaviy Ispaniya chet elda yangi savdo yo'llarini qidirishga to'liq sodiq bo'ldi. 1492 yilda Kristofer Kolumbning ekspeditsiyasi G'arbiy Afrika dengiz yo'llarida Portugaliya monopoliyasini chetlab o'tib, "Hind orollari" ga erishish umidida moliyalashtirildi. 1492 yil 3 avgust kuni kechqurun Kolumb uchta kema bilan Palos de la Fronteradan jo'nab ketdi. 1492-yil 12-oktabrda er ko'rilgan va Kolumb orolni (hozirgi Bagama orollari) San-Salvador deb atagan va u "G'arbiy Hindiston" deb o'ylagan. Birinchi Amerika sayohatidan so'ng Kolumb yana uchta sayohat qildi. Ispanlar va portugallar o'rtasidagi ziddiyatga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun ta'sirni taqsimlash zarur bo'ldi. 1494 yilda Tordesilla shartnomasi dunyoni ikki kuch o'rtasida bo'lish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishildi. Kolumbdan keyin Amerika qit'asining ispan mustamlakasi konkistadorlar deb nomlangan bir qator askar-tadqiqotchilar tomonidan boshqarilgan. Ispaniya qo'shinlari muhim qurollanish va ot sporti afzalliklaridan tashqari, mahalliy xalqlar, qabilalar va millatlar o'rtasidagi raqobatdan foydalangan. Eng muvaffaqiyatli konkistadorlardan biri Ispaniyaning Aztek imperiyasini bosib olishiga erishgan Hernan Kortes edi. Fransisko Pizarro davrida Ispaniyaning Inka imperiyasini bosib olishi ham bir xil ahamiyatga ega edi. 1565 yilda Filippinda birinchi doimiy ispan posyolkasi tashkil etildi, bu imperiyaga muhim Osiyo postini qo'shdi. Manilla Galleonlari butun Osiyodan, Tinch okeani orqali Meksika sohilidagi Akapulkoga tovarlarni jo'natishdi.
title: Characterizing simplified models for heavy higgs decays to supersymmetric particles
Creators: name: Lechner, Lukas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Supersymmetry
subject: LHC
subject: Heavy Higgs
subject: Simplified Models

description: Ein wichtiger Schritt in der systematischen Analyse des Parameterraums des Minimal Supersymmetrischen Standardmodells ist die Suche nach schweren Higgs Bosonen. Diese Arbeit definiert vereinfachte Modelle für den Zerfall schwerer Higgs Bosonen in supersymmetrische Teilchen unter der Verwendung von Model. Weiters wird eine neue Methode zur Verwendung des Programms für resonante SUSY Analysen gezeigt. Der Datensatz des verfügbaren Parameterraums berücksichtigt aktuelle Grenzen der Dunklen Materie Dichte zum Zeitpunkt des Ausfrierens, Grenzen in den Higgs- und Flavor-Sektoren, sowie LEP und LHC Analysen für Supersymmetrie. Um die Sensitivität des High-Luminosity LHC mit 3~ab {-1} integrierter Luminosität zu bestimmen werden die Wechselwirkungsquerschnitte für eine Schwerpunktsenergie von 14 TeV berechnet. Die detaillierte Studie von Produktion und Zerfall schwerer Higgs Bosonen berücksichtigt den gesamten 19-dimensionalen pMSSM Parameterraum. Dadurch wird der Bereich mit dem bestmöglichen Signal am LHC ermittelt. Aufgrund des Ergebnisses dieser Arbeit wird eine Neuinterpretation heutiger mono-X Analysen (X = h, W, Z) für resonante schwere Higgs Boson Produktion mit higgsino- oder bino-ähnlichen LSPs, sowie eine zukünftige Analyse für verschobene Vertices mit wino-ähnlichen LSPs empfohlen.
description: The search for heavy Higgs bosons is an important step to probe the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. This work defines simplified models for heavy Higgs bosons decaying to supersymmetric particles by using the Model framework. In doing so, a new method to characterize simplified models for SUSY resonances using Model is proposed. To evaluate the viable parameter space, limits from the dark matter relic density, the Higgs and the flavor sectors, as well as limits from LEP and LHC searches for supersymmetry are applied to the pre-collected data sample from the ATLAS pMSSM analysis. Using this sample, the parameter space resulting in maximal signal at the LHC is defined. The predicted cross sections are computed for 14 TeV center-of-mass energy to determine the sensitivity of the High-Luminosity LHC with 3~ab {-1} integrated luminosity. Detailed studies of the heavy Higgs boson production, its decay and the resulting signatures are performed for the full 19-dimensional pMSSM parameter space. As a result, a reinterpretation of current mono-X analyses (X = h, W, Z) for resonant heavy Higgs boson searches with higgsino- or bino-like LSPs, as well as a future displaced-vertex analysis with wino-like LSPs are proposed.
Double-mode relaxation of highly deformed vesicles
Creators: name: Kumar, Dinesh
name: Richter, Channing M.
name: Schroeder, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lipid vesicles are known to undergo complex conformational transitions, but it remains challenging to systematically characterize non-equilibrium membrane shape dynamics. Here, we report the direct observation of lipid vesicle relaxation from highly deformed shapes using a Stokes trap. Vesicle shape relaxation is described by two distinct characteristic time scales governed by the bending modulus and membrane tension. Interestingly, experimental results are consistent with a viscoelastic model of a deformed membrane. Overall, these results show that vesicle relaxation is governed by an interplay between membrane elastic moduli, surface tension, and vesicle deflation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Are seismic waiting time distributions universal?
Creators: name: Davidsen, Jörn
name: Goltz, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that seismic waiting time distributions in California and Iceland have many features in common as, for example, a power-law decay with exponent $α\approx 1.1$ for intermediate and with exponent $γ\approx 0.6$ for short waiting times. While the transition point between these two regimes scales proportionally with the size of the considered area, the full distribution is not universal and depends in a non-trivial way on the geological area under consideration and its size. This is due to the spatial distribution of epicenters which does \emph{not} form a simple mono-fractal. Yet, the dependence of the waiting time distributions on the threshold magnitude seems to be universal.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Geophys. Res. Lett
SOQCS: A Stochastic Optical Quantum Circuit Simulator
Creators: name: Osca, Javier
name: Vala, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Stochastic Optical Quantum Circuit Simulator (SOQCS) C++/Python library for the simulation of quantum optical circuits, and we provide its implementation details. SOQCS offers a framework to define, simulate and study quantum linear optical circuits in the presence of various imperfections. These come from partial distinguishability of photons, lossy propagation media, unbalanced beamsplitters and non-ideal emitters and detectors for example. SOQCS is developed as a series of different modules which provide quantum circuits, different simulator cores and tools to analyze the output. Quantum circuits can be defined from basic components, including emitters, linear optical elements, delays and detectors. Post-selection can be configured straightforwardly as part of detector definitions. An important attribute of SOQCS is its modularity which allows for its further development in the future.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhuo, Chao
name: Xiaolin Wei
name: Zhitong Zhang
name: Hicks, Joseph Paul
name: Jinkun Zheng
name: Zhixu Chen
name: Haldane, Victoria
name: Walley, John
name: Yubao Guan
name: Hongyan Xu
name: Nanshan Zhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
A connection between Rastall-type and f(R, T) gravities
Creators: name: Shabani, Hamid
name: Ziaie, Amir Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a Lagrangian formulation for Rastall Gravity (RG) has been proposed in the framework of f(R, T) gravity. In the present work we obtain Lagrangian formulation for the standard Rastall theory assuming the matter content is a perfect fluid with linear Equation of State (EoS). We therefore find a relation between the coupling constant of the Lagrangian, the Rastall gravitational coupling constant and the EoS parameter. We also propose a Lagrangian for the Generalized Rastall Gravity (GRG). In this case the Rastall parameter which is a constant is replaced by a variable one. More exactly, it appears as a function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the Energy Momentum Tensor (EMT). In both mentioned models, the Lagrangians are constructed by a linear function of R and T.
description: 12 pages,
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF QUOTED AND UNQUOTED AGRO-BASED FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
name: Arene, Chukwuemeka John
name: Akpaeti, Aniekan Jim
name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
name: Arene, Chukwuemeka John
name: Akpaeti, Aniekan Jim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Political Economy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Short-term
subject: long- term
subject: debt
subject: explanatory variable

description: The study examined the determinants of capital structure decision and compared the capital structure of quoted and unquoted agro-based firms in Nigeria. Data collected through a multi- stage random sampling from the financial statements of 28 quoted and 60 unquoted agro-based firms for the period 2005-2010 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Z-test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The result revealed significant differences in capital structure (long term debt and total debt use) between quoted and unquoted agro-based firms. Short-term debts constituted a higher proportion of total debts of both sampled groups. The regression result showed that firm size, asset structure andgrowth coefficients had significant positive relationships with both long and short term debt finance for both listed and unlisted agro-based firms respectively. Result further showed that age of firms, educational status of CEO, export status of firms, and gender of firm owners were positive and significantly related to long term debt for both listed and unlisted firms. Also, highly profitable firms depended on internally generated revenue, thereby lending credence to the pecking order theory (POT). Therefore, The study showed that pecking order theory dominated the financing behavior of agro-based firms in Nigeria while the agency cost argument was only relevant for listed agro-based firms. Hence, policies that would enhance the acquisition of tangible assets, encourage exportation, ensure appropriate record keeping and encourage the use of more long term finance in place of short-term finance should be pursued.
Parity and CP operations for Majorana neutrinos
Creators: name: Fujikawa, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parity transformation law of the fermion field $ψ(x)$ is usually defined by the "$γ^{0}$-parity" $ψ^{p}(t,-\vec{x}) = γ^{0}ψ(t,-\vec{x})$ with eigenvalues $\pm 1$, while the "$iγ^{0}$-parity" $ψ^{p}(t,-\vec{x})=iγ^{0}ψ(t,-\vec{x})$ is required for the Majorana fermion. The compatibility issues of these two parity laws arise in generic fermion number violating theories where a general class of Majorana fermions appear. In the case of Majorana neutrinos constructed from chiral neutrinos in an extension of the Standard Model, the Majorana neutrinos can be characterized by CP symmetry although C and P are separately broken. It is then shown that either choice of the parity operation, $γ^{0}$ or $iγ^{0}$, in the level of the starting fermions gives rise to the consistent and physically equivalent descriptions of emergent Majorana neutrinos both for Weinberg's model of neutrinos and for a general class of seesaw models. The mechanism of this equivalence is that the Majorana neutrino constructed from a chiral neutrino, which satisfies the classical Majorana condition $ψ(x)=C\overline{ψ(x)}^{T}$, allows the phase freedom $ψ(x)=e^{iα}ν_{L}(x) + e^{-iα}C\overline{ν_{L}(x)}^{T}$ with $α=0\ {\rm or}\ π/4$ that accounts for the phase coming from the different definitions of parity for $ν_{L}(x)$ and ensures the consistent definitions of CP symmetry $({\cal CP})ψ(x)({\cal CP})^{\dagger}= \pm iγ^{0}ψ(t,-\vec{x})$.
description: 24 pages. Substantially modified including title and abstract. Added an extensive appendix. This version is to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Normalization of a conversation tool to promote shared decision making about anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation within a practical randomized trial of its effectiveness: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Spencer-Bonilla, Gabriela
name: Thota, Anjali
name: Organick, Paige
name: Ponce, Oscar J.
name: Kunneman, Marleen
name: Giblon, Rachel
name: Branda, Megan E.
name: Sivly, Angela L.
name: Behnken, Emma
name: May, Carl R.
name: Montori, Victor M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Clinician baseline survey.
Additional file 1 of Combined associations of physical activity, diet quality and their changes over time with mortality: findings from the EPIC-Norfolk study, United Kingdom
Creators: name: Aryannezhad, Shayan
name: Mok, Alexander
name: Imamura, Fumiaki
name: Wareham, Nicholas J.
name: Brage, Soren
name: Forouhi, Nita G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Flow diagram illustrating selection of the analytical sample in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Table S1 Comparison of baseline characteristics in the analytical sample according to all-cause mortality outcome at the end of follow-up in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Table S2 Comparison of baseline characteristics in the analytical sample and those excluded from analysis in the EPIC-Norfolk population. Table S3 Associations of mutually adjusted exposures with mortality outcomes in the EPIC-Norfolk Study (complete case analysis). Table S4 Associations of mutually adjusted exposures with subtypes of CVD and cancer mortality outcomes in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Table S5 Tests of interaction between different combinations of the exposures for all-cause mortality outcome in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Table S6 Associations of mutually adjusted cumulative exposures with mortality outcomes in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Fig. S2 EPIC-Norfolk Study design and timeline, considering health check 3 as the end of assessment period. Table S7 Associations of mutually adjusted exposures with mortality in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, considering health check 3 as the end of the assessment period. Table S8 Associations of mutually adjusted exposures with mortality in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, excluding deaths that occurred within 2 years of the last measurement. Fig. S3 Dose–response relationship between PA and diet exposures and all-cause mortality fitted by using a Cox proportional hazards with fractional polynomial in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Fig. S4 Associations of different trajectories of PA and diet with all-cause mortality in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, based on three-by-three levels of exposures. Table S9 Population impact by estimating the differences in total number of deaths that could have been potentially observed under two different counterfactual scenarios.
The Pioneer anomaly as acceleration of the clocks
Creators: name: Ranada, Antonio F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work proposes an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly, the unmodelled and as yet unexplained blueshift detected in the microwave signal of the Pioneer 10 and other spaceships by Anderson {\it et al} in 1998. What they observed is similar to the effect that would have either (i) an anomalous acceleration $a_{\rm P}$ of the ship towards the Sun or (ii) an acceleration of the clocks $a_{\rm t}=a_{\rm P}/c$. The second alternative is investigated here, with a phenomenological model in which the anomaly is an effect of the background gravitational potential $Ψ(t)$ that pervades all the universe and is increasing because of the expansion. It is shown that $2a_{\rm t}={\rm d}Ψ/{\rm d}t ={\rm d}^2τ_{\rm clocks} /{\rm d}t^2$, evaluated at present time $t_0$, where $t$ and $τ_{\rm clocks}$ are the coordinate time and the time measured by the clocks, respectively. The result of a simple estimate gives the value $a_{\rm t}\simeq 1.8\times 10^{-18}{s}^{-1}$, while Anderson {\it et al} suggested $a_{\rm t}= (2.9\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-18}{s}^{-1}$ on the basis of their observations. The calculation are performed near the Newtonian limit but in the frame of general relativity.
description: 18 pages, no figures. The notation for $a_{\tm t}$ has been changed in order to use the same as Anderson et al. This amounts to the insertion of factors 2 or 1/2 in some equations
Unification of electromagnetic noise and Luttinger liquid via a quantum dot
Creators: name: Hur, Karyn Le
name: Li, Mei-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of dissipation on a small quantum dot (resonant level) tunnel-coupled to a chiral Luttinger liquid (LL) with the LL parameter $K$. The dissipation stems from the coupling of the dot to an electric environment, being characterized by the resistance $R$, via Coulomb interactions. We show that this problem can be mapped onto a Caldeira-Leggett model where the (ohmic) bath of harmonic oscillators is governed by the effective dissipation strength $α=(2\tilde{K})^{-1}$ with $\tilde{K}^{-1}=K^{-1}+2R/R_K$ and $R_K=h/e^2$ the quantum of resistance. Experimental consequences are discussed and the limit $K=1/2^+$ is thoroughly studied at small $R/R_K$ through the spin-boson-fermion model.
description: Final version appearing in PRB
Quantum-Gravity phenomenology and high energy particle propagation
Creators: name: Aloisio, R.
name: Blasi, P.
name: Galante, A.
name: Ghia, P. L.
name: Grillo, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-gravity effects may introduce relevant consequences for the propagation and interaction of high energy cosmic rays particles. Assuming the space-time foamy structure results in an intrinsic uncertainty of energy and momentum of particles, we show how low energy (under GZK) observations can provide strong constraints on the role of the fluctuating space-time structure.
description: 6 pages, to appear in the Proc. Cosmic Ray International Seminar CRIS 2004, Catania, Italy, May 31 - June 4, 2004
Airway Label Prediction in Video Bronchoscopy: Capturing Temporal Dependencies Utilizing Anatomical Knowledge
Creators: name: Keuth, Ron
name: Heinrich, Mattias
name: Eichenlaub, Martin
name: Himstedt, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: Navigation guidance is a key requirement for a multitude of lung interventions using video bronchoscopy. State-of-the-art solutions focus on lung biopsies using electromagnetic tracking and intraoperative image registration w.r.t. preoperative CT scans for guidance. The requirement of patient-specific CT scans hampers the utilisation of navigation guidance for other applications such as intensive care units.
 Methods: This paper addresses navigation guidance solely incorporating bronchosopy video data. In contrast to state-of-the-art approaches we entirely omit the use of electromagnetic tracking and patient-specific CT scans. Guidance is enabled by means of topological bronchoscope localization w.r.t. an interpatient airway model. Particularly, we take maximally advantage of anatomical constraints of airway trees being sequentially traversed. This is realized by incorporating sequences of CNN-based airway likelihoods into a Hidden Markov Model.
 Results: Our approach is evaluated based on multiple experiments inside a lung phantom model. With the consideration of temporal context and use of anatomical knowledge for regularization, we are able to improve the accuracy up to to 0.98 compared to 0.81 (weighted F1: 0.98 compared to 0.81) for a classification based on individual frames.
 Conclusion: We combine CNN-based single image classification of airway segments with anatomical constraints and temporal HMM-based inference for the first time. Our approach renders vision-only guidance for bronchoscopy interventions in the absence of electromagnetic tracking and patient-specific CT scans possible.
description: Submitted to International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
AN ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF GARLIC PRODUCTION IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Creators: name: Hussain, Nabeel
name: Ali, Shahid
name: Miraj, Naveed
name: Sajjad, Muhammad
name: Hussain, Nabeel
name: Ali, Shahid
name: Miraj, Naveed
name: Sajjad, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Cobb Douglas
subject: garlic
subject: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
subject: MLE
subject: stochastic frontier
subject: technical efficiency

description: This study was conducted to estimate the technical efficiency of farmers in garlic production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Data was randomly collected from 110 farmers using multistage sampling technique. Maximum likelihood estimation technique was used to estimate Cob-Douglas frontier production function. The analysis revealed that the estimated mean technical efficiency was 77 percent indicating that total output can be further increased with efficient use of resources and technology. The estimated gamma value was found to be 0.93 which shows 93% variation in garlic output due to inefficiency factors. The analysis further revealed that seed rate, tractor hours, fertilizer, FYM and weedicides were positive and statistically significant production factors. The results also show that age and education were statistically significant inefficiency factors, age having positive and education having negative relationship with the output of garlic. This study suggests that in order to increase the production of garlic by taking advantage of their high efficiency level, the government should invest in the research and development aspects for introducing good quality seeds to increase garlic productivity and should organize training programs to educate farmers about garlic production.
Additional file 1 of Promoting positive maternal, newborn, and child health behaviors through a group-based health education and microfinance program: a prospective matched cohort study in western Kenya
Creators: name: Maldonado, Lauren Y.
name: Songok, Julia J.
name: Snelgrove, John W.
name: Ochieng, Christian B.
name: Chelagat, Sheilah
name: Ikemeri, Justus E.
name: Okwanyi, Monica A.
name: Cole, Donald C.
name: Ruhl, Laura J.
name: Christoffersen-Deb, Astrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Data collection forms and questionnaire guides for intervention and control cohorts.
Devil's staircase transition of the electronic structures in CeSb
Creators: name: Kuroda, Kenta
name: Arai, Y.
name: Rezaei, N.
name: Kunisada, S.
name: Sakuragi, S.
name: Alaei, M.
name: Kinoshita, Y.
name: Bareille, C.
name: Noguchi, R.
name: Nakayama, M.
name: Akebi, S.
name: Sakano, M.
name: Kawaguchi, K.
name: Arita, M.
name: Ideta, S.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Kitazawa, H.
name: Okazaki, K.
name: Tokunaga, M.
name: Haga, Y.
name: Shin, S.
name: Suzuki, H. S.
name: Arita, R.
name: Kondo, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solids with competing interactions often undergo complex phase transitions with a variety of long-periodic modulations. Among such transition, devil's staircase is the most complex phenomenon, and for it, CeSb is the most famous material, where a number of the distinct phases with long-periodic magnetostructures sequentially appear below the Neel temperature. An evolution of the low-energy electronic structure going through the devil's staircase is of special interest, which has, however, been elusive so far despite the 40-years of intense researches. Here we use bulk-sensitive angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and reveal the devil's staircase transition of the electronic structures. The magnetic reconstruction dramatically alters the band dispersions at each transition. We moreover find that the well-defined band picture largely collapses around the Fermi energy under the long-periodic modulation of the transitional phase, while it recovers at the transition into the lowest-temperature ground state. Our data provide the first direct evidence for a significant reorganization of the electronic structures and spectral functions occurring during the devil's staircase.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Trade costs and agricultural trade in Central Asia
Creators: name: Pomfret, Richard
name: Pomfret, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade costs
subject: agricultural trade
subject: Central Asia
subject: Handelskosten
subject: Agrarhandel
subject: Zentralasien

description: Central Asian governments frequently express the goal of economic diversification, and specifically of diversifying their agricultural sector, but with little actual impact. Diversification has not happened because high trade costs discourage farmers, potential foreign investors and others from identifying new products that could be produced competitively. This paper reviews recent international literature on trade costs, and the limited Central Asian evidence. Because of high trade costs, the phenomenon of global value chains has scarcely touched Central Asia, apart from a few cases in the Kyrgyz Republic. The examples of clothing and beans illustrate how a Central Asian country has joined international value chains. The paper draws conclusions about how Central Asian countries wishing to diversify their agricultural sectors could draw upon this experience.
Additional file 3 of Comparison of 75 mg versus 150 mg aspirin for the prevention of preterm preeclampsia in high-risk women at a tertiary level hospital: study protocol for a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Creators: name: Saxena, Upma
name: Lachyan, Abhishek
name: Goyal, Chanchal
name: Kapoor, Garima
name: Agarwal, Kavita
name: Prasad, Sidarrth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Mental Health

description: Additional file 3: Patient’s Proforma.
Additional file 2 of Leading with AI in critical care nursing: challenges, opportunities, and the human factor
Creators: name: Hassan, Eman Arafa
name: El-Ashry, Ayman Mohamed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 2
Optimal Responses to an Infectious Disease
Creators: name: Magirou, Evangelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92d30, 91B99

description: We analyze an optimal control version of a simple SIRS epidemiology model. The policy maker can adopt policies to diminish the contact rate between infected and susceptible individuals, at a specific economic cost. The arrival of a vaccine will immediately end the epidemic. Total or partial immunity is modeled, while the contact rate can exhibit a (user specified) seasonality. The problem is solved in a spreadsheet environment. A reasonable parameter selection leads to optimal policies which are similar to those followed by different countries. A mild response relying on eventually reaching a high immunity level is optimal if ample health facilities are available. On the other hand limited health care facilities lead to strict lock downs while moderate ones allow a flattening of the curve approach.
Mesoscopic quantum coherence in antiferromagnetic molecular clusters
Creators: name: Waldmann, O.
name: Dobe, C.
name: Mutka, H.
name: Furrer, A.
name: Güdel, H. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From inelastic neutron scattering experiments, we demonstrate quantum tunneling of the Neel vector in the antiferromagnetic molecular ferric wheel CsFe8. Analysis of the linewidth of the tunneling transition evidences coherent tunneling.
description: 4 pages, 4 figure, REVTEX4
The impact of long-only index funds on price discovery and market performance in agricultural futures markets
Creators: name: Prehn, Sören
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Pies, Ingo
name: Will, Matthias Georg
name: Prehn, Sören
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Pies, Ingo
name: Will, Matthias Georg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: agricultural futures markets
subject: price discovery
subject: long-only index funds
subject: landwirtschaftliche Warenterminmärkte
subject: Preisbildung
subject: Long-only-Indexfonds

description: For a considerable time, long-only index funds have been suspected for being responsible for price increases on agricultural futures markets, particularly those for grain. Utilizing partial equilibrium concepts, we analyze the market impacts of long-only index funds. Our analysis reveals that long-only index funds stabilize the market. The market entry of long-only index funds lowers risk premiums, so farmers can hedge at lower costs. This gives incentives for storage and dampens seasonal price fluctuations on spot markets, which is also in favor of consumers. However, the entry of long-only index funds reduces the profitability of speculation. Thus, there is no need for political action in this particular field.
Theoretical study of phase stability, electronic and magnetic properties of Rh$_2$CrGe$_{1-x}$Al$_x$ ($x = 0$, $0.25$, $0.50$, $0.75$ and $1$) Heusler alloys by FP-LAPW method
Creators: name: Kadjaoud, M.
name: Mokhtari, M.
name: Djoudi, L.
name: Merabet, M.
name: Benalia, S.
name: Rached, D.
name: Belacel, R.
name: Zami, F.
name: Dahmane, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First-principle calculations were performed within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using FP-LAPW method as implemented in WIEN2k code to determine the structural stability, electronic and magnetic properties of Rh$_2$CrGe$_{1-x}$Al$_x $($x = 0$, $0.25$, $0.50$, $0.75$ and $1$). The results showed that for Rh$_2$CrAl and Rh$_2$CrGe, the Cu$_2$MnAl-type structure is energetically more stable than Hg$_2$CuTi-type structure at the equilibrium volume. The calculated densities of states for Rh$_2$CrAl and Rh$_2$CrGe show half-metallic and nearly half-metallic behavior, respectively. Rh$_2$CrGe$_{1-x}$Al$_x$ ($x = 0.25$, $0.50$, $0.75$) these alloys show a half-metallic character, and these compounds are predicted to be good candidates for spintronic applications.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Twice Hidden String Order and Competing Phases in the Spin-1/2 Kitaev-Gamma Ladder
Creators: name: Sørensen, Erik S.
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding the Kitaev spin liquid in candidate materials involves understanding the entire phase diagram, including other allowed interactions. One of these interactions, called the Gamma ($Γ$) interaction, causes magnetic frustration and its interplay with the Kitaev ($K$) interaction is crucial to comprehend Kitaev materials. Due to the complexity of the combined $KΓ$ model, quasi-one dimensional models have been investigated. While several disordered phases are found in the 2-leg ladder, the nature of the phases are yet to be determined. Here we focus on the disordered phase near the antiferromagnetic $Γ$ limit (denoted by A$Γ$ phase) next to the ferromagnetic Kitaev phase. We report a distinct non-local string order parameter characterizing the A$Γ$ phase, different from the string order parameter in the Kitaev phase. This string order parameter becomes evident only after two unitary transformation, referred to as a twice hidden string order parameter. The related entanglement spectrum, edge states, magnetic field responses, and the symmetry protecting the phase are presented, and its relevance to the two-dimensional Kitaev materials is discussed. Two newly identified disordered phases in the phase diagram of $KΓ$ ladder is also reported.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures
Economic Factors in Marketing Farmers' Castorbeans
Creators: name: Kromer, George W.
name: Kromer, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: Few castorbeans were grown commercially in the United States before 1950, and in that year when castor oil was classified by the Office of Defense Mobilization as one of the 6 strategic oils, Brazil was the source of approximately 90 percent of our supply. A domestic castorbean production and procurement program was initiated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture with the crop of 1951 and was continued through the 1954-55 season. No program was available for the 1955 crop. The primary purpose of the program, which was carried out by the Commodity Credit Corporation, was to increase the supply of castor oil for current industrial uses in connection with military and essential civilian needs, and to make additional quantities of oil available for the strategic stockpile. The program was also intended to aid growers in developing experience with castorbeans so that production could be expanded readily in case of emergency. Information sought in this economic study included answers to these questions: (1) What influence do variety, climate, irrigation, moisture content, and foreign material have on outturn value of castorbeans? (2) Is the practice of docking farmers for cracked and broken beans justified? (3) Is the oil from cracked and broken beans of the same value as oil from whole sound beans? (4) How long may castorbeans be stored and maintain their quality? (5) How does storage affect castorbeans as related to outturn of products?
title: CLIL Landscape Across Europe Infographics based on ‘Overview of CLIL Provision in Europe and Country-Specific Insights
title: A Report by CLILNetLE Working Group 1
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Şimşek, Erdi
name: Gülle, Talip
name: Nikula, Tarja
Year: 2024
Subjects: Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft
Applied linguistics
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (602) -- Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften (6020) -- Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft (602007)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Linguistics and Literature (602) -- Linguistics and Literature (6020) -- Applied linguistics (602007)
Sprachlehrforschung
Language teaching research
ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Erziehungswissenschaften (503) -- Erziehungswissenschaften (5030) -- Sprachlehrforschung (503029)
ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Educational Sciences (503) -- Educational Sciences (5030) -- Language teaching research (503029)
Didaktik
Didactics
ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Erziehungswissenschaften (503) -- Erziehungswissenschaften (5030) -- Didaktik (503007)
ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Educational Sciences (503) -- Educational Sciences (5030) -- Didactics (503007)
CLIL
Bilingual Education

description: The infographics are designed to visually present key findings from the report Overview of CLIL Provision in Europe and Country-Specific Insights by CLILNetLE Working Group 1. Following an overview of trends across CLILNetLE countries, the infographics highlight country-specific insights by presenting snapshots of current practices and policies in teaching content through a foreign or additional language. These visual summaries present the primary observations from the report in a concise and engaging manner, catering to diverse audiences, including teachers, students, and researchers.
Additional file 4 of Comparison of 75 mg versus 150 mg aspirin for the prevention of preterm preeclampsia in high-risk women at a tertiary level hospital: study protocol for a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Creators: name: Saxena, Upma
name: Lachyan, Abhishek
name: Goyal, Chanchal
name: Kapoor, Garima
name: Agarwal, Kavita
name: Prasad, Sidarrth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Mental Health

description: Additional file 4.
$Γ$-Valley Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide Moirè Bands
Creators: name: Angeli, M.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The valence band maxima of most group-VI transition metal dichalcogenide thin films remain at the $Γ$-point all the way from bulk to bilayer. In this paper we develop a continuum theory of the moirè minibands that are formed in the valence bands of $Γ$-valley homobilayers by a small relative twist. Our effective theory is benchmarked against large-scale ab initio electronic structure calculations that account for lattice relaxation. As a consequence of an emergent $D_6$ symmetry we find that low-energy $Γ$-valley moirè holes differ qualitatively from their K-valley counterparts addressed previously; in energetic order the first three bands realize i) a single-orbital model on a honeycomb lattice, ii) a two-orbital model on a honeycomb lattice, and iii) a single-orbital model on a kagome lattice.
description: We added the Supplementary Material and corrected few typos
Computational modelling of angiogenesis: The importance of cell rearrangements during vascular growth
Creators: name: Stepanova, Daria
name: Byrne, Helen M.
name: Maini, Philip K.
name: Alarcón, Tomás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92-10

description: Angiogenesis is the process wherein endothelial cells (ECs) form sprouts that elongate from the pre-existing vasculature to create new vascular networks. In addition to its essential role in normal development, angiogenesis plays a vital role in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Mathematical and computational modelling has contributed to unravelling its complexity. Many existing theoretical models of angiogenic sprouting are based on the 'snail-trail' hypothesis. This framework assumes that leading ECs positioned at sprout tips migrate towards low-oxygen regions while other ECs in the sprout passively follow the leaders' trails and proliferate to maintain sprout integrity. However, experimental results indicate that, contrary to the snail-trail assumption, ECs exchange positions within developing vessels, and the elongation of sprouts is primarily driven by directed migration of ECs. The functional role of cell rearrangements remains unclear. This review of the theoretical modelling of angiogenesis is the first to focus on the phenomenon of cell mixing during early sprouting. We start by describing the biological processes that occur during early angiogenesis, such as phenotype specification, cell rearrangements and cell interactions with the microenvironment. Next, we provide an overview of various theoretical approaches that have been employed to model angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on recent in silico models that account for the phenomenon of cell mixing. Finally, we discuss when cell mixing should be incorporated into theoretical models and what essential modelling components such models should include in order to investigate its functional role.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Expansive components in H II regions
Creators: name: Relano, M.
name: Beckman, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the presence of low intensity high velocity components, which we have termed wing features in the integrated Halpha emission line profiles of the HII region populations of the spiral barred galaxies NGC 1530, NGC 3359 and NGC 6951. We find that more than a third of the HII region line profiles in each galaxy show these components. The highest fraction is obtained in the galaxy whose line profiles show the best S:N, which suggests that wing features of this type may well exist in most, if not all, HII region line profiles. Applying selection criteria to the wing features, we obtain a sample of HII regions with clearly defined high velocity components in their profiles. Deconvolution of a representative sample of the line profiles eliminates any doubt that the wing features could possibly be due to instrumental effects. We present an analysis of the high velocity low intensity features fitting them with Gaussian functions; the emission measures, central velocities and velocity dispersions for the red and blue features take similar values. We interpret the features as signatures of expanding shells inside the HII regions. Up to a shell radius of R(shell)~0.2R(reg), the stellar winds from the central ionizing stars appear to satisfy the energy and momentum requirements for the formation and driving the shell. Several examples of the most luminous HII regions show that the shells appear to have larger radii; in these cases additional mechanisms may well be needed to explain the kinetic energies and momenta of the shells.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A