cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE FARM CREDIT SUPPLY
Creators: name: Dowsett, C.P.
name: Dowsett, C.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The purpose of this paper is to consider some aspects of the problems of the farm credit supply. It is not intended to be exhaustive in its treatment of a very wide subject that has already been discussed so frequently. It is felt, however, that the recent emphasis on development (rural and other) justifies another look at the subject, especially ill relation to some modifications in the approach to farm credit and the facilities for its supply. Sir John Crawford has said that discussion of the subject of rural credit "easily lends itself to emotion". I shall endeavour to avoid this pitfall. At the outset I would suggest that, for a subject so significant as the supply of farm credit in the Australian economy, the extent of our study of it in a detailed and objective fashion has been meagre; similarly, the factual material available for this study is, in the main, noteworthy for its generality and scrappiness.
Statistical analysis of the material, geometrical and imperfection characteristics of structural stainless steels and members
Creators: name: Arrayago, Itsaso
name: Rasmussen, Kim J. R.
name: Real, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional member-based two-step design approaches included in current structural codes for steel structures, as well as more recent system-based direct-design alternatives, require building rigorous structural reliability frameworks for the calibration of partial coefficients (resistance factors) to achieve specified target reliability requirements. Key design parameters affecting the strength of structures and their random variations are generally modelled by nominal or characteristic values in design standards, which are combined with partial coefficients that need to be calibrated from measurements on real samples. While the statistical characterization of material and geometric properties of structural steels has been consolidated over the last decades, information about the characterization of structural stainless steels is virtually non-existent due to the limited pool of available data. Thus, this paper presents the basic ingredient for developing reliability frameworks for stainless steel structures and components by statistically characterizing the main random parameters affecting their strength through a comprehensive database collected from the literature. Based on the collected data, appropriate probabilistic models are proposed for geometric properties, material properties, imperfections and residual stresses of different stainless steel alloys and cross-section or product types. The data is equally applicable to member-based reliability analyses as described in existing codes and system-based analyses targeted at the direct-design of stainless steel structures by advanced analysis.
Modified Newtonian Dynamics, an Introductory Review
Creators: name: Scarpa, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By the time, in 1937, the Swiss astronomer Zwicky measured the velocity dispersion of the Coma cluster of galaxies, astronomers somehow got acquainted with the idea that the universe is filled by some kind of dark matter. After almost a century of investigations, we have learned two things about dark matter, (i) it has to be non-baryonic -- that is, made of something new that interact with normal matter only by gravitation-- and, (ii) that its effects are observed in stellar systems when and only when their internal acceleration of gravity falls below a fix value a0=1.2x10-8 cm s-2. This systematic, more than anything else, tells us we might be facing a failure of the law of gravity in the weak field limit rather then the effects of dark matter. Thus, in an attempt to avoid the need for dark matter, the Modified Newtonian Dynamics. MOND posits a breakdown of Newton's law of gravity (or inertia) below a0, after which the dependence with distance became linear. Despite many attempts, MOND resisted stubbornly to be falsified as an alternative to dark matter and succeeds in explaining the properties of an impressively large number of objects without invoking the presence of non-baryonic dark matter. In this paper, I will review the basics of MOND and its ability to explain observations without the need of dark matter.
description: To Appear in the proceeding of the "First crisis in cosmology" conference, published in the American Institute of Physiscs' proceedings series, Vol. 822. (includes 13 pages and 12 figures)
Generalized parton distributions for the pion in chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Diehl, M.
name: Manashov, A.
name: Schafer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized parton distributions provide a unified parameterization of hadron structure and allow one to combine information from many different observables. Lattice QCD calculations already provide important input to determine these distributions and hold the promise to become even more important in the future. To this end, a reliable extrapolation of lattice calculations to the physical quark and pion masses is needed. We present an analysis for the moments of generalized parton distributions of the pion in one-loop order of chiral perturbation theory.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. v2: acknowledgment added
Fleet reduction through licence removal : an application of auction theory
Creators: name: Gregory, Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Auction theory has been recognised as an appropriate valuation and allocation rule when non-standard items are transacted. This paper presents a study of the Pacific Salmon Licence Retirement Program (1996) to provide an analysis of this type of auction program in practise. The licence retirement program was motivated by a combination of overcapitalisation in the Pacific salmon fleet and resource declines. The first section discusses the excess capacity problem in fisheries management and alternative measures to address it. A description of the Pacific salmon fishery sets the context of the study and an outline of the Pacific Salmon Licence Retirement Program (1996) provides details of the auction used. A review of auction theory literature presents the basis for use of this allocation method. The data analysis of 1,722 separate bids indicates that licence values are difficult to assess but are related to licence and observable vessel attributes. The multidimensional scaling analysis finds that the bids submitted to the Program are close to one another in terms of reasonableness. The regression analysis supports the correlated or common value model as an appropriate bid valuation method in the gillnet, seine and troll fleet sectors. Elements of program design in this instance were specifically focused on collecting data to mimic "market" behaviour. The use of multiple bidding rounds produced cost savings to the Program of approximately $6.7 million and signaled to second round bidders appropriate licence values. The study finds that the initial passive role of the auctioneer permitted bidders to reveal information on bid values, but that revelation of the information obtained in the first bidding round could contribute to program success. Equity concerns, arising from variation in bid valuation might also be addressed through establishment of multiple bidding rounds at the outset of such a program.
Uplink Cooperative Interference Cancellation for Cellular-Connected UAV: A Quantize-and-Forward Approach
Creators: name: Mei, Weidong
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Aerial-ground interference is the main obstacle to achieving high spectral efficiency in cellular networks with both traditional terrestrial users and new unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) users. Due to their strong line-of-sight (LoS) channels with the ground, UAVs could cause/suffer severe interference to/from a large number of non-associated but co-channel base stations (BSs) in their uplink/downlink communications. In this letter, we propose a new cooperative interference cancellation (CIC) scheme for the UAV's uplink communication to mitigate its strong interference to co-channel BSs, which requires only local cooperation between each co-channel BS and its adjacent helping BSs. Specifically, the helping BSs without serving any users in the UAV's communication channel quantize and forward their received signals from the UAV to their aided co-channel BS, which then processes the quantized signals jointly with its own received signal to decode its served terrestrial user's message via canceling the UAV's signal by linear/nonlinear interference cancellation techniques (ICTs). We derive the achievable rates of the proposed CIC scheme with different ICTs as a function of the UAV's transmit power and rate, and thereby unveil the conditions under which the proposed CIC scheme outperforms the existing CIC scheme based on the decode-and-forward (DF) operation of the helping BSs.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
The Assembly of Diversity in the Morphologies and Stellar Populations of High-Redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Papovich, Casey
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the evolution in the morphologies, sizes, stellar-masses, colors, and internal color dispersion (ICD) of galaxies at z=1 and 2.3, using a near-IR, flux-limited catalog for the HDF-N. At z=1 most luminous galaxies have morphologies of early-to-mid Hubble-types, and many show transformations between their rest-frame UV-optical morphologies. Galaxies at z=2.3 have compact and irregular morphologies with no clearly evident Hubble-sequence candidates. The mean galaxy size grows from z=2.3 to 1 by 40%, and the density of galaxies larger than 3 kpc increases by 7 times. At z=1, the size-luminosity distribution is broadly consistent with that of local galaxies, with passive evolution. However, galaxies at z=2.3 are smaller than the large present-day galaxies, and must continue to grow in size and stellar mass. We have measured the galaxies' UV-optical ICD, which quantifies differences in morphology and the relative amount of on-going star-formation. The mean and scatter in galaxies' total colors and ICD increase from z=2.3 to 1. At z=1 many galaxies with large ICD are spirals, with a few irregular systems. Few z=2.3 galaxies have high ICD, and those that do are actively merging. We interpret this as evidence for the presence of older and more diverse stellar populations at z=1 that are not generally present at z>2. We conclude that the star-formation histories of galaxies at z>2 are dominated by discrete, recurrent bursts, which quickly homogenize the galaxies' stellar content, and are possibly associated with mergers. The increase in the stellar-population diversification by z<1.4 implies that merger-induced starbursts occur less frequently than at higher redshifts, and more quiescent star-forming modes dominate. This transition coincides with the emergence of Hubble-sequence galaxies. [Abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages, in emulateapj format
Stable isochronal synchronization of mutually coupled chaotic lasers
Creators: name: Klein, Einat
name: Gross, Noam
name: Rosenbluh, Michael
name: Kinzel, Wolfgang
name: Khaykovich, Lev
name: Kanter, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of two mutually coupled chaotic diode lasers are investigated experimentally and numerically. By adding self feedback to each laser, stable isochronal synchronization is established. This stability, which can be achieved for symmetric operation, is essential for constructing an optical public-channel cryptographic system. The experimental results on diode lasers are well described by rate equations of coupled single mode lasers.
Pulsation in the white dwarf HE 1017-1352: confirmation of the class of hot DAV stars
Creators: name: Romero, Alejandra D.
name: Amaral, L. Antunes
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: Fraga, L.
name: Kurtz, D.
name: Shibahashi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of periodic variations on the T_eff ~32 000 K DA white dwarf star HE 1017-1352. We obtained time series photometry using the 4.1 m SOAR telescope on three separate nights for a total of 16.8 h. From the frequency analysis we found four periods of 605 s, 556 s, 508 s and 869 s with significant amplitudes above the 1/1000 false alarm probability detection limit. The detected modes are compatible with low harmonic degree g-mode non-radial pulsations with radial order higher than ~ 9. This detection confirms the pulsation nature of HE 1017-1352 and thus the existence of the new pulsating class of hot DA white dwarf stars. In addition, we detect a long period of 1.52 h, compatible with a rotation period of DA white dwarf stars.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
Effective gap at microwave frequencies in MgB2 thin films with strong interband scattering
Creators: name: Ghigo, G.
name: Botta, D.
name: Chiodoni, A.
name: Gozzelino, L.
name: Gerbaldo, R.
name: Laviano, F.
name: Mezzetti, E.
name: Monticone, E.
name: Portesi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microwave properties of polycrystalline MgB2 thin films prepared by the so-called in-situ method are investigated. The characterization of the films at microwave frequencies was obtained by a coplanar resonator technique. The analysis of the experimental data results in the determination of penetration depth, surface impedance and complex conductivity. The aim of this work is to set the experimental results in a consistent framework, involving the two-band model in the presence of impurity scattering. The energy gaps are calculated and the contribution of intra- and inter-band scattering is considered. From the comparison between the calculated gap values and the experimental data it turns out that the temperature dependence of the penetration depth can be accounted for by an effective mean energy gap, in agreement with the predictions of Kogan et al. [Phys. Rev. B 69, 132506 (2004)]. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the real part of the microwave conductivity and of the surface resistance is accounted for by the single smaller gap, in agreement with the work of Jin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 127006 (2003)]. Since these findings rely on the same calculated gap structure, the required consistency is fulfilled.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures. Phys. Rev. B, in press
Embedding and Extraction of Knowledge in Tree Ensemble Classifiers
Creators: name: Huang, Wei
name: Zhao, Xingyu
name: Huang, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The embedding and extraction of useful knowledge is a recent trend in machine learning applications, e.g., to supplement existing datasets that are small. Whilst, as the increasing use of machine learning models in security-critical applications, the embedding and extraction of malicious knowledge are equivalent to the notorious backdoor attack and its defence, respectively. This paper studies the embedding and extraction of knowledge in tree ensemble classifiers, and focuses on knowledge expressible with a generic form of Boolean formulas, e.g., robustness properties and backdoor attacks. For the embedding, it is required to be preservative(the original performance of the classifier is preserved), verifiable(the knowledge can be attested), and stealthy(the embedding cannot be easily detected). To facilitate this, we propose two novel, and effective, embedding algorithms, one of which is for black-box settings and the other for white-box settings.The embedding can be done in PTIME. Beyond the embedding, we develop an algorithm to extract the embedded knowledge, by reducing the problem to be solvable with an SMT (satisfiability modulo theories) solver. While this novel algorithm can successfully extract knowledge, the reduction leads to an NP computation. Therefore, if applying embedding as backdoor attacks and extraction as defence, our results suggest a complexity gap (P vs. NP) between the attack and defence when working with tree ensemble classifiers. We apply our algorithms toa diverse set of datasets to validate our conclusion extensively.
EQUATIONS RELATING THE COMPOSITION OF BEEF CATTLE HERDS TO CERTAIN BASIC DATA
Creators: name: Granger, W.
name: Walsh, J.D.
name: Granger, W.
name: Walsh, J.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1959
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Equations are derived which relate the components of beef cattle herds to certain basic data. By enabling the construction of series of models to represent real or theoretical situations the equations provide a useful tool for analysing the influence of selected factors upon herds or populations--particularly upon their components, turn off, and practicable rates of selection. The technique should be useful in economic, animal husbandry, and genetic studies, where decisions have to be taken upon management policy, and in evaluating proposals for private or public investments in station improvements or utilities for the cattle industry.
Radiative neutron capture on a proton at BBN energies
Creators: name: Ando, S.
name: Cyburt, R. H.
name: Hong, S. W.
name: Hyun, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total cross section for radiative neutron capture on a proton, $np \to d γ$, is evaluated at big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) energies. The electromagnetic transition amplitudes are calculated up to next-to leading order within the framework of pionless effective field theory with dibaryon fields. We also calculate the $dγ\to np$ cross section and the photon analyzing power for the $d\vecγ\to np$ process from the amplitudes. The values of low energy constants that appear in the amplitudes are estimated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis using the relevant low energy experimental data. Our result agrees well with those of other theoretical calculations except for the $np\to dγ$ cross section at some energies estimated by an R-matrix analysis. We also study the uncertainties in our estimation of the $np\to dγ$ cross section at relevant BBN energies and find that the estimated cross section is reliable to within $\sim$1% error.
description: 21 pages and 12 eps figures; 6 eps figures and 2 references added, and accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Scaling limits of lattice quantum fields by wavelets
Creators: name: Morinelli, Vincenzo
name: Morsella, Gerardo
name: Stottmeister, Alexander
name: Tanimoto, Yoh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T17, 81T05, 81T25, 81T27, 42C40

description: We present a rigorous renormalization group scheme for lattice quantum field theories in terms of operator algebras. The renormalization group is considered as an inductive system of scaling maps between lattice field algebras. We construct scaling maps for scalar lattice fields using Daubechies' wavelets, and show that the inductive limit of free lattice ground states exists and the limit state extends to the familiar massive continuum free field, with the continuum action of spacetime translations. In particular, lattice fields are identified with the continuum field smeared with Daubechies' scaling functions. We compare our scaling maps with other renormalization schemes and their features, such as the momentum shell method or block-spin transformations.
description: 66 pages, 4 figure (accepted version)
Instanton-motivated study of spontaneous fission of odd-A nuclei
Creators: name: Brodziński, W.
name: Skalski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the idea of the instanton approach to quantum tunneling we try to obtain a method of calculating spontaneous fission rates for nuclei with the odd number of neutrons or protons. This problem has its origin in the failure of the adiabatic cranking approximation which serves as the basis in calculations of fission probabilities. Selfconsistent instanton equations, with and without pairing, are reviewed and then simplified to non-selfconsistent versions with phenomenological single-particle potential and seniority pairing interaction. Solutions of instanton-like equations without pairing and actions they produce are studied for the Woods-Saxon potential along realistic fission trajectories. Actions for unpaired particles are combined with cranking actions for even-even cores and fission hindrance for odd-A nuclei is studied in such a hybrid model. With the assumed equal mass parameters for neighbouring odd-A and even-even nuclei, the model shows that freezing the K π configuration leads to a large overestimate of the fission hindrance factors. Actions with adiabatic configurations mostly show not enough hindrance; instanton-like actions for blocked nucleons correct this, but not sufficiently.
description: 33 pages, 15 figures
CHINA'S RURAL HOUSEHOLD DEMAND FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Creators: name: Han, Tong
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Han, Tong
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: AIDS model
subject: Chinese rural households
subject: Elasticity
subject: Household demand
subject: LES model
subject: Two-stage budgeting

description: A two-stage budgeting LES-LA/AIDS system is sued to estimate rural household demand in China with special emphasis on changes in demand for fruit and vegetable commodities across different income groups. The own-price elasticity for food was found to be more elastic than that for clothing, housing, durable goods, and other items. Within the food group, price elasticities range from -1.042 to -0.019. Grain, with an expenditure elasticity of almost unity, is an important staple food for the average rural household. Vegetables are important nonstaple foods relative to fruits. Lower value vegetables are the most price elastic in the vegetable group. Fruits are more price elastic than vegetables, with grapes being the most price elastic. Different income groups share a common demand function.
Virtual meson cloud of the nucleon and generalized parton distributions
Creators: name: Pasquini, B.
name: Boffi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the general formalism required to derive generalized parton distributions within a convolution model where the bare nucleon is dressed by its virtual meson cloud. In the one-meson approximation the Fock states of the physical nucleon are expanded in a series involving a bare nucleon and two-particle, meson-baryon, states. The baryon is assumed here to be either a nucleon or a $Δ$ described within the constituent quark model in terms of three valence quarks; correspondingly, the meson, assumed to be a pion, is described as a quark-antiquark pair. Explicit expressions for the unpolarized generalized parton distributions are obtained and evaluated in different kinematics.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures, minor corrections, and figure 3 replaced; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
On the significance of a recent experiment demonstrating quantum interference in time
Creators: name: Horwitz, Lawrence P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I comment on the interpretation of a recent experiment showing quantum interference in time. It is pointed out that the standard nonrelativistic quantum theory, used by the authors in their analysis, cannot account for the results found, and therefore that this experiment has fundamental importance beyond the technical advances it represents. Some theoretical structures which consider the time as an observable, and thus could, in principle, have the required coherence in time, are discussed briefly, and the application of Floquet theory and the manifestly covariant quantum theory of Stueckelberg are treated in some detail. In particular, the latter is shown to account for the results in a simple and consistent way.
description: 10 pages, plain TeX. Revision for clarity, reference to other candidate theories
Evidence for a new magnetic field scale in CeCoIn5
Creators: name: Sheikin, I.
name: Jin, H.
name: Bel, R.
name: Behnia, K.
name: Proust, C.
name: Flouquet, J.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Aoki, D.
name: Onuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nernst coefficient of CeCoIn5 displays a distinct anomaly at H_K ~ 23 T. This feature is reminiscent of what is observed at 7.8 T in CeRu2Si2, a well-established case of metamagnetic transition. New frequencies are observed in de Haas-van Alphen oscillations when the field exceeds 23 T, which may indicate a modification of the Fermi surface at this field.
description: submitted to Physical Review Letters
RURAL-URBAN ECONOMIC LINKAGES FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING IN THE MONROE, LOUISIANA, FUNCTIONAL ECONOMIC AREA
Creators: name: Hughes, David W.
name: Litz, Vaneska N.
name: Hughes, David W.
name: Litz, Vaneska N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Economic linkages
subject: Food processing
subject: Functional Economic Area
subject: IMPLAN
subject: Interregional input-output model
subject: Rural periphery
subject: Urban core

description: An interregional input-output model of the Monroe, Louisiana, Functional economic area constructed with IMPLAN is used to assess economic linkages between a mall urban core and a surrounding rural periphery. The contribution of agriculture, especially in the rural periphery, to the urban core (Ouachita parish) economy is demonstrated. Also assessed is the possibility of using the core's food processing sector to facilitate periphery economic growth. While results demonstrated stronger rural-urban linkages than have been found in other regions, growth in the urban food processing industry as currently structured, did not imply rapid growth in the periphery.
Can Astronomy Manage Its Data?
Creators: name: Norris, Ray P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomy has a distinguished tradition of using technology to accelerate the quality and effectiveness of science, and data-intensive initiatives such as the Virtual Observatory lead the way amongst other fields of science. However, astronomical data are not uniformly well-managed, and our current freedom to create open-access databases is threatened by those who would like all data to be subject to strict Intellectual Property controls. We, like other fields of science, need to establish and agree on a set of guiding principles for the management of astronomical data.
IMPLICIT PRICE ESTIMATION OF RICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES FOR ASIAN AMERICANS
Creators: name: Goodwin, Harold L.
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Goodwin, Harold L.
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Rister, M. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Asian Americans
subject: Marginal implicit prices
subject: Quality characteristics
subject: Consumer Goods Characteristics Model

description: Product placement survey data for 192 Asian-American households in Houston were used to analyze the value of rice quality attributes via the Consumer Goods Characteristics model (CGCM). Five rice varieties were used for this study: domestic Lemont, Jasmine 85, Toro II, and two different Thai import varieties. For each variety, marginal implicit prices were calculated at the means for seven characteristics: color, texture, aroma, stickiness, flavor, aftertaste, and moisture.
Wendland, Heinz-Dietrich, Die Kirche in der revolutionären Gesellschaft - Sozialethische Aufsätze und Reden
Creators: name: Heyde, Peter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 16 Nr. 4 (1967): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 16, Heft 4
On the Difficulty of Unbiased Alpha Divergence Minimization
Creators: name: Geffner, Tomas
name: Domke, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F15

description: Several approximate inference algorithms have been proposed to minimize an alpha-divergence between an approximating distribution and a target distribution. Many of these algorithms introduce bias, the magnitude of which becomes problematic in high dimensions. Other algorithms are unbiased. These often seem to suffer from high variance, but little is rigorously known. In this work we study unbiased methods for alpha-divergence minimization through the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the gradient estimator. We study several representative scenarios where strong analytical results are possible, such as fully-factorized or Gaussian distributions. We find that when alpha is not zero, the SNR worsens exponentially in the dimensionality of the problem. This casts doubt on the practicality of these methods. We empirically confirm these theoretical results.
description: ICML 2021
PRICE VERSUS QUOTA REDUCTIONS: U.S. FLUE-CURED TOBACCO POLICY
Creators: name: Brown, A. Blake
name: Martin, Laura L.
name: Brown, A. Blake
name: Martin, Laura L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Flue-cured
subject: Policy
subject: Price reduction
subject: Quota
subject: Tobacco

description: Declining domestic cigarette consumption, increased global competition, and loss of import restrictions indicate decreased demand for U.S. flue-cured tobacco. The effects of 10% declines in domestic and export demand are evaluated under a policy of reducing quota to maintain price versus a policy of allowing price to fall to maintain quota. Changes in prices, quantities, revenues, and economic rents are simulated. Losses to nonfarming quota owners are minimized under a policy of price maintenance, while losses in revenues to tobacco-producing areas are minimized by a policy of quota maintenance. Aggregate losses to tobacco growers are greater under a policy of quota maintenance.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF A BAN OF METHYL BROMIDE ON THE U.S. WINTER FRESH VEGETABLE MARKET
Creators: name: Deepak, M.S.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: VanSickle, John J.
name: Deepak, M.S.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: VanSickle, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Fresh vegetables
subject: Methyl bromide
subject: Pesticide
subject: Quadratic programming
subject: Spatial equilibrium

description: This study evaluates the economic impact of a ban on methyl bromide on the U.S. winter fresh vegetable market for six major crops: tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, squash, eggplant, and watermelons. Florida is the primary domestic supplier of these products. Mexico and Texas are the competing suppliers of the five vegetable crops and peppers, respectively. Leontief technologies represent both monocrop and double-crop production systems; linear inverse demand functions represent four demand regions in the U.S. and Canada. By increasing production costs and reducing yields, a ban on methyl bromide decreases Florida's FOB revenues by 54% and increases those of Mexico by 65%. Price increases to U.S. fresh vegetable consumers range from near zero to over 10%, depending upon the commodity and location.
Quantum Non-Demolition Bell State Measurement and N-party GHZ State Preparation in Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Guo, Guo-Ping
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By exploiting the fermionic qubit parity measurement, we present a scheme to realize quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement of Bell-states and generate n-party GHZ state in quantum dot. Compared with the original protocol, the required electron transfer before and after parity measurement can be nonadiabatic, which may speed up the operation speed and make the omitting of spin-orbit interaction more reasonable. This may help us to construct CNOT gate without highly precise control of coupling as the way of D. Gottesman and I. L. Chuang.
description: some modification to introduction and some details are added
Geometrical Tachyon Dynamics in the Background of a Bulk Tachyon Field
Creators: name: Papantonopoulos, Eleftherios
name: Pappa, Ioanna
name: Zamarias, Vassilios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a D3-brane moving in the background of a bulk tachyon field of a D3-brane solution of Type-0 string theory. We show that the dynamics on the probe D3-brane can be described by a geometrical tachyon field rolling down its potential which is modified by a function of the bulk tachyon and inflation occurs at weak string coupling, where the bulk tachyon condenses, near the top of the geometrical tachyon potential. We also find a late accelerating phase when the bulk tachyon asymptotes to zero which in the geometrical tachyon picture corresponds to the minimum of the geometrical potential.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in JHEP
MARKETING ORDER SUSPENSIONS AND FRESH LEMON RETAIL-FOB MARGINS
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Kagan, Albert
name: Mischen, Pamela
name: Adu-Asamoah, Richard
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Kagan, Albert
name: Mischen, Pamela
name: Adu-Asamoah, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Conjectural variations
subject: Lemons
subject: Marketing order
subject: Monopsony power
subject: Retail-FOB margins

description: In August 1994, the Secretary of Agriculture announced the termination of the marketing order and the association flow-to-market, or prorate, controls for fresh California and Arizona (CA/AZ) lemons. Lemon growers and handlers have expressed concern over the impact of this decision on retail-FOB margins. This study presents an econometric model of fresh lemon marketing margins that tests for the presence of buyer and seller market power during previous periods of marketing order suspension. The results show that buyer and, to a lesser extent, seller market power cause retail-FOB margins to widen during periods of prorate suspension.
Contributions to the theory of robust inference
Creators: name: Salibian-Barrera, Matias
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We study the problem of performing statistical inference based on robust estimates when the distribution of the data is only assumed to belong to a contamination neighbourhood of a known central distribution. We start by determining the asymptotic properties of some robust estimates when the data are not generated by the central distribution of the contamination neighbourhood. Under certain regularity conditions the considered estimates are consistent and asymptotically normal. For the location model and with additional regularity conditions we show that the convergence is uniform on the contamination neighbourhood. We determine that a class of robust estimates satisfies these requirements for certain proportions of contamination, and that there is a trade-off between the robustness of the estimates and the extent to which the uniformity of their asymptotic properties holds. When the distribution of the data is not the central distribution of the neighbourhood the asymptotic variance of these estimates is involved and difficult to estimate. This problem affects the performance of inference methods based on the empirical estimates of the asymptotic variance. We present a new re-sampling method based on Efron's bootstrap (Efron, 1979) to estimate the sampling distribution of MM-location and regression estimates. This method overcomes the main drawbacks of the use of bootstrap with robust estimates on large and potentially contaminated data sets. We show that our proposal is computationally simple and that it provides stable estimates when the data contain outliers. This new method extends naturally to the linear regression model.
DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FACTOR COST SHARES: THE CASE OF GREEK AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Katranidis, Stelios D.
name: Velentzas, Kostas
name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Katranidis, Stelios D.
name: Velentzas, Kostas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Decomposition analysis
subject: Factor cost shares
subject: Greek agriculture

description: An alternative version of decomposition analysis, based on factor cost shares rather than input demand functions, is presented and applied to Greek agriculture. Decomposition analysis shows that most of the changes in factor cost shares during the period from 1973 to 1989 are attributed to technical change and factor substitution, while the role of the scale effect is small, except that of fertilizer. The decomposition analysis results are then used to analyze the implications of Greece's fertilizer and feed subsidy removal, which took place in 1990.
Learning Individualized Treatment Rules with Estimated Translated Inverse Propensity Score
Creators: name: Wu, Zhiliang
name: Yang, Yinchong
name: Ma, Yunpu
name: Liu, Yushan
name: Zhao, Rui
name: Moor, Michael
name: Tresp, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Randomized controlled trials typically analyze the effectiveness of treatments with the goal of making treatment recommendations for patient subgroups. With the advance of electronic health records, a great variety of data has been collected in clinical practice, enabling the evaluation of treatments and treatment policies based on observational data. In this paper, we focus on learning individualized treatment rules (ITRs) to derive a treatment policy that is expected to generate a better outcome for an individual patient. In our framework, we cast ITRs learning as a contextual bandit problem and minimize the expected risk of the treatment policy. We conduct experiments with the proposed framework both in a simulation study and based on a real-world dataset. In the latter case, we apply our proposed method to learn the optimal ITRs for the administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and vasopressors (VP). Based on various offline evaluation methods, we could show that the policy derived in our framework demonstrates better performance compared to both the physicians and other baselines, including a simple treatment prediction approach. As a long-term goal, our derived policy might eventually lead to better clinical guidelines for the administration of IV and VP.
Iron in X-COP: tracing enrichment in cluster outskirts with high accuracy abundance profiles
Creators: name: Ghizzardi, Simona
name: Molendi, Silvano
name: van der Burg, Remco
name: De Grandi, Sabrina
name: Bartalucci, Iacopo
name: Gastaldello, Fabio
name: Rossetti, Mariachiara
name: Biffi, Veronica
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: Eckert, Dominique
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Gaspari, Massimo
name: Ghirardini, Vittorio
name: Rasia, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first metal abundance profiles for a representative sample of massive clusters. Our measures extend to $R_{500}$ and are corrected for a systematic error plaguing previous outskirt estimates. Our profiles flatten out at large radii, admittedly not a new result, however the radial range and representative nature of our sample extends its import well beyond previous findings. We find no evidence of segregation between cool-core and non-cool-core systems beyond $\sim 0.3 R_{500}$, implying that, as was found for thermodynamic properties (Ghirardini et al, 2019), the physical state of the core does not affect global cluster properties. Our mean abundance within $R_{500}$ shows a very modest scatter, $< $15%, suggesting the enrichment process must be quite similar in all these massive systems. This is a new finding and has significant implications on feedback processes. Together with results from thermodynamic properties presented in a previous X-COP paper, it affords a coherent picture where feedback effects do not vary significantly from one system to another. By combing ICM with stellar measurements we have found the amount of Fe diffused in the ICM to be about ten times higher than that locked in stars. Although our estimates suggest, with some strength, that the measured iron mass in clusters is well in excess of the predicted one, systematic errors prevent us from making a definitive statement. Further advancements will only be possible when systematic uncertainties, principally those associated to stellar masses, both within and beyond $R_{500}$, can be reduced.
description: 23 pages, 23 figures; submitted to A&A
PlenoptiSign: an optical design tool for plenoptic imaging
Creators: name: Hahne, Christopher
name: Aggoun, Amar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Plenoptic imaging enables a light-field to be captured by a single monocular objective lens and an array of micro lenses attached to an image sensor. Metric distances of the light-field's depth planes remain unapparent prior to acquisition. Recent research showed that sampled depth locations rely on the parameters of the system's optical components. This paper presents PlenoptiSign, which implements these findings as a Python software package to help assist in an experimental or prototyping stage of a plenoptic system.
description: https://github.com/hahnec/plenoptisign/
EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ON A REGIONAL ECONOMY
Creators: name: Bairak, Roman I.
name: Hughes, David W.
name: Bairak, Roman I.
name: Hughes, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural exports
subject: Holistic accuracy
subject: IMPLAN
subject: Input-output models
subject: Processed exports

description: Agricultural exports are important to many regional economies, as is the case for agricultural exports wither produced in or shipped through Louisiana. A hybrid (revised and verified) IMPLAN model of the Louisiana economy is used to estimate the direct and indirect impact of agricultural exports. Original model estimates of foreign exports lacked holistic (overall) accuracy. However, other, more general uses of the model were unaffected by this lack of accuracy. While the contributions of agricultural exports to the state economy were substantial, impacts were concentrated in unprocessed products. Increasing the export of processed agricultural products should enhance economic activity.
ANALYSIS OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROPERTIES OF GRAZING CONTRACTS VERSUS FUTURES AND OPTION CONTRACTS
Creators: name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Bobst, Barry W.
name: Benson, Fred J.
name: Meyer, Lee
name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Bobst, Barry W.
name: Benson, Fred J.
name: Meyer, Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Backgrounding
subject: Futures contracts
subject: Grazing contracts
subject: Options contracts
subject: Risk management

description: A stochastic budget simulator and generalized stochastic dominance are used to compare the risk management properties of grazing contracts to futures and option contracts. The results show that the risks of backgrounding feeder cattle are reduced significantly for pasture owners in a grazing contract. However, the risks of the cattle owner in a grazing contract are not significantly reduced. The results show that generally risk adverse pasture owners prefer grazing contracts to integrated production when traditional hedging is used to manage price risks. In addition, grazing contracts compare favorably with put option contracts for some pasture owners.
Mesoscopic two-phase model for describing apparent slip in micro-channel flows
Creators: name: Benzi, R.
name: Biferale, L.
name: Sbragaglia, M.
name: Succi, S.
name: Toschi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of apparent slip in micro-channel flows is analyzed by means of a two-phase mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann model including non-ideal fluid-fluid and fluid-wall interactins. The weakly-inhomogeneous limit of this model is solved analytically. The present mesoscopic approach permits to access much larger scales than molecular dynamics, and comparable with those attained by continuum methods. However, at variance with the continuum approach, the existence of a gas layer near the wall does not need to be postulated a priori, but emerges naturally from the underlying non-ideal mesoscopic dynamics. It is therefore argued that a mesoscopic Lattice Boltzmann approach with non-ideal fluid-fluid and fluid-wall interactions might achieve an optimal compromise between physical realism and computational efficiency for the study of channel micro-flows.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures