cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum calculations of the carrier mobility in thin films: Methodology, Matthiessen's rule and comparison with semi-classical approaches
Creators: name: Niquet, Yann-Michel
name: Nguyen, Viet-Hung
name: Triozon, François
name: Duchemin, Ivan
name: Nier, Olivier
name: Rideau, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the calculation of the carrier mobility in silicon films within the quantum Non-Equilibrium Green's Functions (NEGF) framework. We introduce a new method for the extraction of the carrier mobility that is free from contact resistance contamination, and provides accurate mobilities at a reasonable cost, with minimal needs for ensemble averages. We then introduce a new paradigm for the definition of the partial mobility $μ_{M}$ associated with a given elastic scattering mechanism "M", taking phonons (PH) as a reference ($μ_{M}^{-1}=μ_{PH+M}^{-1}-μ_{PH}^{-1}$). We argue that this definition makes better sense in a quantum transport framework as it is free from long range interference effects that can appear in purely ballistic calculations. As a matter of fact, these mobilities satisfy Matthiessen's rule for three mechanisms [surface roughness (SR), remote Coulomb scattering (RCS) and phonons] much better than the usual, single mechanism calculations. We also discuss the problems raised by the long range spatial correlations in the RCS disorder. Finally, we compare semi-classical Kubo-Greenwood (KG) and quantum NEGF calculations. We show that KG and NEGF are in reasonable agreement for phonon and RCS, yet not for SR. We point to possible deficiencies in the treatment of SR scattering in KG, opening the way for further improvements.
description: Submitted to Journal of Applied Physics
An Analysis of Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Creators: name: Dr. Swati Tathagat Rokade
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Religion, spirituality, consciousness, sociology, anthropology

description: Abstract: In today’s modern world the terms religion and spirituality are used interchangeably, but while they aren't diametrically opposite, neither are they identical. We can define religion as a personal set of beliefs, attitude and practice in religious institutions, while spirituality on the other hand is a way individuals seek to express meaning and purpose to life. Although there are similarities, we can find differences between the two. The current study aims to analyze the religious and spiritual beliefs of an individual and its impact on his/her life. It also discusses how the phenomenon of spirituality is generating new paradigms of consciousness. The article draws on literature on religion, spirituality, sociology, and anthropology to conclude that religion will persist despite secularization.
Do principal preparation and teacher qualifications influence different types of school growth trajectories in Illinois?: A growth mixture model analysis
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
name: White, Bradford R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Educational leadership
Education--Administration
School management and organization

description: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the independent effects of principal background, training and experience as well as teacher academic qualifications on school proficiency growth through time. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyzed the entire population of all elementary and middle schools in the state of Illinois, n=3,154 schools, from 2000 to 2001 through 2005-2006 using growth mixture modeling. The authors examined growth at the school level in the percentage of students meeting or exceeding standards on the Illinois Standard Achievement Test, analyzing separate models for Chicago and non-Chicago schools. Findings – The results suggest that there are two statistically significantly different latent school proficiency trajectory subgroups through the six-year time period, one high and one low, for both Chicago and non-Chicago schools. In addition, the models suggest that teacher academic qualifications, principal training, principal experience as a principal and an assistant principal, and experience of the principal as a teacher previously in their schools are significantly related to school proficiency growth over time, dependent upon school context. Practical implications – Recent studies on the independent effects of principal experience, training and teacher academic qualifications have shown inconsistent results on school achievement growth. The authors demonstrate that principal training and background may have an effect on school-level proficiency score growth. Originality/value – This study is one of the first to examine statistically different proficiency growth trajectories using an entire state-wide data set over a long-term, six-year timeframe.
Enhanced Stopping of Macro-Particles in Particle-in-Cell Simulations
Creators: name: May, Josh
name: Tonge, John
name: Mori, Warren B.
name: Fiúza, Frederico
name: Fonseca, Ricardo A.
name: Silva, Luís O.
name: Ren, Chuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an equation for energy transfer from relativistic charged particles to a cold background plasma appropriate for finite-size particles that are used in particle-in-cell simulation codes. Expressions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional particles are presented, with special attention given to the two-dimensional case. This energy transfer is due to the electric field of the wake set up in the background plasma by the relativistic particle. The enhanced stopping is dependent on the $q^2/m$, where $q$ is the charge and $m$ is the mass of the relativistic particle, and therefore simulation macro-particles with large charge but identical $q/m$ will stop more rapidly. The stopping power also depends on the effective particle shape of the macro-particle. These conclusions are verified in particle-in-cell simulations. We present 2D simulations of test particles, relaxation of high-energy tails, and integrated fast ignition simulations showing that the enhanced drag on macro-particles may adversely affect the results of these simulations in a wide range of high-energy density plasma scenarios. We also describe a particle splitting algorithm which can potentially overcome this problem and show its effect in controlling the stopping of macro-particles.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures; v2 - added reference; v3 - improved fig. 1&2
Cancer Mortality in Chinese Immigrants to New York City: Comparison with Chinese in Tianjin and with United States-Born Whites
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Wang, Qing-Sheng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Cancer--Environmental aspects
Cancer--Mortality
Epidemiology

description: Background. Cancer rates in immigrant populations are frequently found to be intermediate between the country of origin and the adopted country. Such observations play an important role in establishing the environmental origin of cancer. Chinese now constitute the third largest group immigrating to New York City. Methods. Cancer deaths in New York City (1986-90) among 706 male and 412 female foreign-born Chinese were compared using proportional cancer mortality ratios (PCMR) with Chinese who died of cancer in Tianjin, China (19,461 deaths, 1983-87), and with United States born whites in New York City (32,293 deaths). Results. Cancer sites were divided into those for which the age-adjusted PCMR were significantly higher in Tianjin Chinese (TC) compared with New York City whites (NYW), and those for which PCMR were significantly lower in TC compared with NYW. PCMR for Chinese immigrants usually fell between those of TC and NYW, but some were closer to those of TC (e.g., liver, gallbladder, female lung) whereas other sites were closer to those of NYW (e.g., esophagus, colon, rectum). Conclusions. These data provide additional support for the concept that much cancer originates with and can be modified by environmental factors.
title: Meningococcal vaccination and travel health in Hajj pilgrims – A study of pilgrims to Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Alasmari, A
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2022

description: Background: Hajj brings millions of pilgrims from different countries into a confined place. A number of outbreaks of meningococcal disease have been reported after the Hajj. All pilgrims are required to receive a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine at least 10 days before the Hajj. They are also advised to follow travel health advice to reduce the risk of acquiring infections. We conducted a study to investigate the association between time of meningococcal vaccination and carriage of Neisseria meningitidis pathogenic serogroups A, C, W, and Y. Patterns of health problems encountered by pilgrims and preventive measures adopted during the Hajj were also investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional oropharyngeal carriage survey was conducted in 2973 Hajj pilgrims in 2017. A two stage sampling method was used to select departing flights. An electronic data collection tool (‘Open Data Kit’ (ODK)), was used to gather demographic, health and exposure data through questionnaires. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) was used to identify N. meningitidis and serogroups. Results: The overall prevalence of N. meningitidis carriage was 4·6%. Meningococcal carriage of pathogenic serogroups A, C, W, and Y was not significantly associated with time of vaccination. A total 22·58 % were likely unvaccinated against meningococcal disease. 38.7% reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and 5.4% of travel 4 diarrhoea. Compliance with facemask use was 50.2%. Changing facemask every 4 hours was found to be a significant protective factor for URTI’s. No significant association was found between having a chronic disease and seeking pre-travel advice. Conclusion: Whilst this study did not find any association between timing of meningococcal vaccination and carriage of N. meningitidis, it did highlight the issue of unvaccinated pilgrims and a need to strengthen compliance with the current vaccination policy. Early pre-travel health advice should continue to be enforced.
Linear Network Coding on Multi-Mesh of Trees (MMT) using All to All Broadcast (AAB)
Creators: name: Rakesh, Nitin
name: Tyagi, Vipin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce linear network coding on parallel architecture for multi-source finite acyclic network. In this problem, different messages in diverse time periods are broadcast and every nonsource node in the network decodes and encodes the message based on further communication.We wish to minimize the communication steps and time complexity involved in transfer of data from node-to-node during parallel communication.We have used Multi-Mesh of Trees (MMT) topology for implementing network coding. To envisage our result, we use all-to-all broadcast as communication algorithm.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Comorbid Asthma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on World Trade Center in New York City
Creators: name: Li, Jiehui
name: Brackbill, Robert M.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Farfel, Mark R.
name: Miller-Archie, Sara A.
name: Friedman, Stephen
name: Walker, Deborah J.
name: Thorpe, Lorna E.
name: Cone, James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: OBJECTIVES:
Excess gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was reported in several populations exposed to the September 11 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC). We examined new onset gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) since 9/11 and persisting up to 5–6 years in relation to 9/11-related exposures among the WTC Health Registry enrollees, and potential associations with comorbid asthma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

METHODS:
This is a retrospective analysis of 37,118 adult enrollees (i.e., rescue/recovery workers, local residents, area workers, and passersby in lower Manhattan on 9/11) who reported no pre-9/11 GERS and who participated in two Registry surveys 2–3 and 5–6 years after 9/11. Post-9/11 GERS (new onset since 9/11) reported at first survey, and persistent GERS (post-9/11 GERS reported at both surveys) were analyzed using log-binomial regression.

RESULTS:
Cumulative incidence was 20% for post-9/11 GERS and 13% for persistent GERS. Persistent GERS occurred more often among those with comorbid PTSD (24%), asthma (13%), or both (36%) compared with neither of the comorbid conditions (8%). Among enrollees with neither asthma nor PTSD, the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for persistent GERS was elevated among: workers arriving at the WTC pile on 9/11 (aRR=1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.1) or working at the WTC site > 90 days (aRR=1.6; 1.4–2.0); residents exposed to the intense dust cloud on 9/11 (aRR=1.5; 1.0–2.3), or who did not evacuate their homes (aRR=1.7; 1.2–2.3); and area workers exposed to the intense dust cloud (aRR=1.5; 1.2–1.8).

CONCLUSIONS:
Disaster-related environmental exposures may contribute to the development of GERS. GERS may be accentuated in the presence of asthma or PTSD.
title: Language-Integrated Privacy-Aware Distributed Queries
Creators: name: Salvaneschi, Guido
name: Köhler, Mirko
name: Sokolowski, Daniel
name: Haller, Philipp
name: Erdweg, Sebastian
name: Mezini, Mira
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2019

description: Distributed query processing is an effective means for processing large amounts of data. To abstract from the technicalities of distributed systems, algorithms for operator placement automatically distribute sequential data queries over the available processing units. However, current algorithms for operator placement focus on performance and ignore privacy concerns that arise when handling sensitive data. We present a new methodology for privacy-aware operator placement that both prevents leakage of sensitive information and improves performance. Crucially, our approach is based on an information-flow type system for data queries to reason about the sensitivity of query subcomputations. Our solution unfolds in two phases. First, placement space reduction generates deployment candidates based on privacy constraints using a syntax-directed transformation driven by the information-flow type system. Second, constraint solving selects the best placement among the candidates based on a cost model that maximizes performance. We verify that our algorithm preserves the sequential behavior of queries and prevents leakage of sensitive data. We implemented the type system and placement algorithm for a new query language SecQL and demonstrate significant performance improvements in benchmarks.
ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МЕДНО-ПОРФИРОВАННЫХ РУД
Creators: name: Мавлянова, Г.А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Медно-порфировые руды имеют прожилково-вкрапленные текстуры, главные минералы – пирит, халькопирит, халькозин, борнит, молибденит.
Sarcoidosis Diagnosed After September 11, 2001, Among Adults Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster
Creators: name: Jordan, Hannah T.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Prezant, David
name: Alvin, Teirstein
name: Sukhminder S., Osahan
name: Cone, James E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medicine, Industrial

description: Objective: Explore relationships between World Trade Center (WTC) exposures and sarcoidosis.

Methods: Sarcoidosis has been reported after exposure to the WTC disaster. We ascertained biopsy-proven post-9/11 sarcoidosis among WTC Health Registry enrollees. Cases diagnosed after Registry enrollment were included in a nested case–control study. Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, race or ethnicity, and eligibility group (eg, rescue or recovery worker).

Results: We identified 43 cases of post-9/11 sarcoidosis. Twenty-eight incident cases and 109 controls were included in the case–control analysis. Working on the WTC debris pile was associated with sarcoidosis (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 74.0), but WTC dust cloud exposure was not (odds ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.8).

Conclusions: Working on the WTC debris pile was associated with an elevated risk of post-9/11 sarcoidosis. Occupationally exposed workers may be at increased risk.
CSCCE Community Manager Case Study: Paula Andrea Martinez
Creators: name: Martinez, Paula Andrea
name: Pratt, Katie
name: Sidik, Saima
name: Woodley, Lou
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: CSCCE
CSCCE Community Manager Case Study
scientific community manager
ReSA
Australian Research Data Commons
FAIR4RS
RSE AUNZ
Visible Research Software Interest Group

description: This case study features Paula Andrea Martinez, Software Project Coordinator of the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC), and as part of her role, she supports the Research Software Alliance (ReSA). She co-leads three communities: the FAIR4RS working group, the Research Software Engineers Association of Australia and New Zealand (RSE AUNZ), and the Visible Research Software Interest Group. The case study is part of an ongoing collection created by the Center for Scientific Collaboration and Community Engagement. It is part of our research into the nature of community manager roles and how they vary across the STEM ecosystem. You can find out more about the project, and view additional case studies in the collection, on our website. To find the case studies on Zenodo, click here. About CSCCE The Center for Scientific Collaboration and Community Engagement (CSCCE) champions the importance of human infrastructure for effective collaboration in STEM. We provide training and support for the people who make scientific collaborations succeed at scale - and we also research the impact of these emerging roles. Find out more about us on our website: CSCCE.org.
Comparison of Serum Cotinine Concentration within and across Smokers of Menthol and Nonmenthol Cigarette Brands among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White U.S. Adult Smokers, 2001–2006
Creators: name: Caraballo, Ralph S.
name: Holiday, David B.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Mowery, Paul D.
name: Giovino, Gary A.
name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Eriksen, Michael P.
name: Bernert, John T.
name: Richter, Patricia A.
name: Kozlowski, Lynn T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: Background: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is examining options for regulating menthol content in cigarettes. There are many pharmacologic properties of menthol that may facilitate exposure to tobacco smoke, and it has been suggested that the preference for menthol cigarettes in black smokers accounts for their higher cotinine levels.

Objective: To assess cigarettes smoked per day–adjusted cotinine levels in relation to smoking a menthol or nonmenthol cigarette brand among non-Hispanic black and white U.S. adult smokers under natural smoking conditions.

Method: Serum cotinine concentrations were measured in 1,943 smokers participating in the 2001 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The effect of smoking a menthol brand on cigarettes smoked per day–adjusted serum cotinine levels in these two populations was modeled by adjusting for sex, age, number of smokers living in the home, body weight, time since last smoked, and FTC (Federal Trade Commission)-measured nicotine levels. The 8- or 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) on the cigarette label was used to determine the cigarette brand and whether it was menthol.

Results: Smoking a menthol cigarette brand versus smoking a nonmenthol cigarette brand was not associated (P≥ 0.05) with mean serum cotinine concentration in either black or white smokers.

Conclusions: The higher levels of cotinine observed in black smokers compared with white smokers are not explained by their higher preference for menthol cigarette brands.

Impact: Further studies like ours are needed to improve our ability to understand health consequences of future changes in tobacco product design.
Sweetener usage in America: A brief history and current usage patterns
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Sugar growing
Sugar--Manufacture and refining
Sugar trade
Nonnutritive sweeteners
History
Public health
Epidemiology

description: This introductory chapter to a book on health effects of sweeteners provides a historical perspective on the important role both natural and artificial sweeteners have played in our culture and economy and summarizes recent trends.
Measurement of a Phase of a Radio Wave Reflected from Rock Salt and Ice Irradiated by an Electron Beam for Detection of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos
Creators: name: Chiba, Masami
name: Kamijo, Toshio
name: Tanikawa, Takahiro
name: Yano, Hiroyuki
name: Yabuki, Fumiaki
name: Yasuda, Osamu
name: Chikashige, Yuichi
name: Kon, Tadashi
name: Shimizu, Yutaka
name: Watanabe, Souichirou
name: Utsumi, Michiaki
name: Fujii, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found a radio-wave-reflection effect in rock salt for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos which are expected to be generated in Greisen, Zatsepin, and Kuzmin (GZK) processes in the universe. When an UHE neutrino interacts with rock salt or ice as a detection medium, a shower is generated. That shower is formed by hadronic and electromagnetic avalanche processes. The energy of the UHE neutrino shower converts to thermal energy through ionization processes. Consequently, the temperature rises along the shower produced by the UHE neutrino. The refractive index of the medium rises with temperature. The irregularity of the refractive index in the medium leads to a reflection of radio waves. This reflection effect combined with the long attenuation length of radio waves in rock salt and ice would yield a new method to detect UHE neutrinos. We measured the phase of the reflected radio wave under irradiation with an electron beam on ice and rock salt powder. The measured phase showed excellent consistence with the power reflection fraction which was measured directly. A model taking into account the temperature change explained the phase and the amplitude of the reflected wave. Therefore the reflection mechanism was confirmed. The power reflection fraction was compared with that calculated with the Fresnel equations, the ratio between the measured result and that obtained with the Fresnel equations in ice was larger than that of rock salt.
description: 6 Pages, 5th International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities
Open source software for data collection from vibrating wire piezometer sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller.
Creators: name: Sattler, Kelvin D.; Elwood, David; Hendry, Michael T.; Berscheid, Brian; Marcotte, Bryce; Haji Abdulrazagh, Parisa; Huntley, David
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2020

Abstract
Police Assistance in Dangerous Wadi Areas
Creators: name: Moosa Mohammed Saif Al Alawi
name: Kalbani, Waleed Al
name: AlYahyai, Yasser
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Some time ago, we noticed a change in the climate in the countries of the world, and this change affects the surrounding environment and all those who live on the globe. That is why it was absolutely necessary to follow these changes on a permanent basis. This follow-up needs study and research into the environment and the climatic changes that may occur suddenly. Through the survey, wadi are one of the pillars that show us their impact on the environment and human living places. We noticed that there is great interest from the government, and their interest has increased to reduce disasters that may occur as a result of rain and the flow of wadi especially with regard to cutting wadi for roads used by vehicles. This research will utilize sensors that read the level and speed of the wadi flow then it will send an alert through a phone chip to the police, and turn on the notification lights for road users to take caution.
Electron Cloud Effects in Accelerators
Creators: name: Furman, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a brief summary of various aspects of the electron-cloud effect (ECE) in accelerators. For further details, the reader is encouraged to refer to the proceedings of many prior workshops, either dedicated to EC or with significant EC contents, including the entire "ECLOUD" series [122]. In addition, the proceedings of the various flavors of Particle Accelerator Conferences [23] contain a large number of EC-related publications. The ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter series [24] contains one dedicated issue, and several occasional articles, on EC. An extensive reference database is the LHC website on EC [25].
description: 8 pages, contribution to the Joint INFN-CERN-EuCARD-AccNet Workshop on Electron-Cloud Effects: ECLOUD'12; 5-9 Jun 2012, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy
Pion Production Measurements with Advanced Decay Electron Reconstruction at MINERvA
Creators: name: Sultana, Mehreen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: MINERvA is a neutrino-nucleus cross-section experiment with a segmented detector that provides a resolution fine enough to support new techniques that probe the nuclear environments. Previous charged pion analyses on MINERvA have required a pion track in the event selection. However, recent developments show promise of identifying low energy pions (20 MeV - 100 MeV) in an extended phase space that includes high-angle pions. Decay electron spatial kinematics are used to obtain charged pion observables such as kinetic energy and angle. These new techniques yield high purity decay electron reconstruction and single charged pion event selection. This poster will present the technique and its application to improve signal and background identification in low momentum transfer bins with the goal of conducting a semi-inclusive low recoil analysis for charged pion production.
Dynamics of a two-level system under the simultaneous influence of a spin bath and a boson bath
Creators: name: Wu, Ning
name: Zhao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamics of a two-level system coupled simultaneously to a pair of dissimilar reservoirs, namely, a spin bath and a boson bath, which are connected via finite interbath coupling. It is found that the steady-state energy transfer in the two-level system increases with its coupling to the spin bath while optimal transfer occurs at intermediate coupling in the transient process. If the two-level system is strongly coupled to the spin bath, the population transfer is unidirectional barring minor population oscillations of minute amplitudes. If the spin bath is viewed as an atomic ensemble, robust generation of macroscopic superposition states exists against parameter variations of the two-level system and the boson bath.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Wave propagation in relaxed micromorphic continua: modelling metamaterials with frequency band-gaps
Creators: name: Madeo, Angela
name: Neff, Patrizio
name: Ghiba, Ionel-Dumitrel
name: Placidi, Luca
name: Rosi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper the relaxed micromorphic model proposed in [Patrizio Neff, Ionel-Dumitrel Ghiba, Angela Madeo, Luca Placidi, Giuseppe Rosi. A unifying perspective: the relaxed linear micromorphic continuum, submitted, 2013, arXiv:1308.3219; and Ionel-Dumitrel Ghiba, Patrizio Neff, Angela Madeo, Luca Placidi, Giuseppe Rosi. The relaxed linear micromorphic continuum: existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence in dynamics, submitted, 2013, arXiv:1308.3762] has been used to study wave propagation in unbounded continua with microstructure. By studying dispersion relations for the considered relaxed medium, we are able to disclose precise frequency ranges (band-gaps) for which propagation of waves cannot occur. These dispersion relations are strongly nonlinear so giving rise to a macroscopic dispersive behavior of the considered medium. We prove that the presence of band-gaps is related to a unique elastic coefficient, the so-called Cosserat couple modulus $μ_{c}$, which is also responsible for the loss of symmetry of the Cauchy force stress tensor. This parameter can be seen as the trigger of a bifurcation phenomenon since the fact of slightly changing its value around a given threshold drastically changes the observed response of the material with respect to wave propagation. We finally show that band-gaps cannot be accounted for by classical micromorphic models as well as by Cosserat and second gradient ones. The potential fields of application of the proposed relaxed model are manifold, above all for what concerns the conception of new engineering materials to be used for vibration control and stealth technology.
Extreme Ultraviolet Late-Phase Flares: Before and During the Solar Dynamics Observatory Mission
Creators: name: Woods, Thomas N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SDO EUV observations have revealed interesting characteristics of warm coronal emissions, which peak soon after the hot coronal X-ray emissions peak during a flare and then sometimes peak for a second time hours after the X-ray flare peak. This flare type, with two warm coronal emission peaks but only one X-ray peak, has been named the EUV late phase. These flares have the distinct properties of i) having a complex magnetic field structure with two initial sets of coronal loops, with one upper set overlaying a lower set, ii) having an eruptive flare initiated in the lower set and disturbing both loop sets, iii) having the hot coronal emissions emitted only from the lower set, and iv) having the first peak of the warm coronal emissions associated with the lower set and its second peak emitted from the upper set much later. The disturbance of the coronal loops by the eruption is at about the same time, but the relaxation and cooling down of the heated coronal loops during the post-flare reconnections have different time scales with the longer, upper loops being significantly delayed from the lower loops. The difference in these cooling time scales is related to the difference between the two peak times of the warm coronal emission and is also apparent in the decay profile of the X-ray emissions having two distinct decays, with the first decay slope being steeper and the delayed decay slope being smaller during the time of the warm coronal emission second peak. The frequency and relationship of the EUV late-phase decay times between the Fe XVI two flare peaks and X-ray decay slopes are examined using three years of SDO/EVE data, and the X-ray dual-decay character is then exploited to estimate the frequency of EUV late-phase flares during the past four solar cycles. This study indicates that the frequency of EUV late-phase flares peaks before and after each solar cycle minimum.
description: 12 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures; preprint for SDO topical issue publication
Nicotine dependence phenotype, time to first cigarette, and risk of head and neck cancer
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Ahn, Kwangmi
name: Richie, John P.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology
Oncology

description: BACKGROUND:
A behavioral phenotype that characterizes nicotine dependence, the time to first cigarette after waking, is hypothesized to increase the risk of head and neck cancer.

METHODS:
A case-control study of histologically confirmed head and neck cancer was conducted that included 1055 cases and 795 controls with a history of cigarette smoking.

RESULTS:
The pack-years–adjusted odds ratio was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02-1.99) for an interval of 31 minutes to 60 minutes to first cigarette after waking and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19-2.11) for an interval of 1 minute to 30 minutes. The risk estimates were similar when smoking was modeled as total years, smoking status (current vs former), number of cigarettes smoked per day, years since quitting, and excess odds ratio. Findings were consistent for cancers of the floor of the mouth, palate, and pharynx.

CONCLUSIONS:
Time to first cigarette is an indicator of increased nicotine dependence, smoke uptake, and risk of head and neck cancer. This high-risk group of individuals would benefit from targeted smoking interventions.
Essays on retail operations and the recent pandemic (COVID-19): using mathematical and text-mining approaches
Creators: name: Mahdikhani, Maryam
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay examines on auction design and the last two essays apply sentiment analysis methodologies on big data.The first paper of my dissertation examines the auction design with negative externality and its impact on the optimal mechanism design. In light of previous studies, our research shows that auctioning a good may impact the seller's payoff and those who lose the object. We simplify the potential mechanism by depriving buyers of their right to absolute non-participation. Our characterizations are thus tailored towards understanding bidders' type space, and the information structure of single-object auctions with negative externality's set up.The second paper of my dissertation aims to predict helpful reviews on Amazon Fashion products and identify the most frequent terms in such reviews. We choose features from topics using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model and topics plus Bi-grams using the TF-IDF vectorizer. We then use the features to enhance the performance of support vector machine (SVM) classifier to predict the helpfulness of reviews. The research is performed on a large corpus of Amazon fashion reviews. We find that reviews gets more votes when they are more specific regarding quality of product and return experience.The third essay of my dissertation is motivated by tweets on COVID-19 and the retweeting behavior. Our research objective is to predict tweet's popularity based on the volume of retweets regardless of the user's followers. We examine the features selection, including (i) topics by using LDA, (ii) N-grams by using TF-IDF vectorizer, and (iii) topics plus Bi-grams TF-IDF vectorizer. We use the extracted features on Random Forest (RF) classifier, SVM classifier, and Logistic Regression (LR) classifier. We find that RF has the highest accuracy for predicting the volume of retweets by particularly using topics plus Bi-grams TF-IDF vectorizer.
IMPETUS D1.1 Open call documentation 1 (2023)
Creators: name: Thuermer, Gefion
name: Passani, Antonella
name: Reco, Lucía
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open call
cascading funding
citizen science

description: IMPETUS is a Horizon Europe project which aims to enable and support citizen science initiatives. As part of that process, IMPETUS provides funding for citizen science initiatives through an open call. In this document, we set out a summary of the first open call, which ran from 10th January to 13th March 2023, with successful applicants joining the IMPETUS accelerator in June 2023.These documents outline the rules and processes to apply for IMPETUS' first open call, which ran from January through March 2023.
Book Review: The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange
Creators: name: Stellman, Jeanne M.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: Review of a book on the controversial herbicide Agent Orange from a controversial author: Alvin L. Young's The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange.
Faulting of rocks at three-dimensional stress field by micro-anticracks
Creators: name: Ghaffari, H. O.
name: Nasseri, M. H. B.
name: Young, R. Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 9-sets of different laboratory earthquake tests, we examined the nature of cracking under true triaxial stress conditions in the lithosphere . We found that 3D stress state can induce oblique nucleation of many fractures, forming final plane of complex polymodal faults. Our fully 3D experiments indicate unconventional fault nucleation with 2-3 times faster slip phase, implying a new slip-weakening mechanism for earthquakes in upper crust. In addition, We compared our observations of irregular cracks with typical anti-cracks signals in multi-anvil High Pressure and Temperature test. For the first time, we showed oblique faulting can change slip-weakening rate and accelerate the rate of energy release. This implicates a sharper source time function for further modeling of our experiments. Indeed, our results can be assumed as an ex tension to detachment fronts in micro-faults to a general concept of quasi-anti rupture fronts. We showed events from deep-focus earthquakes can share some similarity to shallow earthquakes, promoting recent approach on similarity of deep earthquakes to their shallow counterparts .
NEMIS VA UZBEK TILLARIGA OID TARJIMA LUG'ATINI TUZISHNING LINGVISTIK ASOSLARI
Creators: name: Ostanov, Askarjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Nemis va o'zbek tillari uchun tarjima lug'atini tuzish tilshunoslik tamoyillarini chuqur tushunishni talab qiladi. Jarayon har ikki tilning nuanslarini qo'lga kiritishda aniqlik va keng qamrovlilikni ta'minlash uchun tafsilotlarga sinchkovlik bilan e'tibor berishni o'z ichiga oladi. Ushbu maqolada biz ushbu tillar uchun tarjima lug'atini tuzishning muhim jihatlarini ko'rib chiqamiz, lingvistik nozikliklar va tamoyillarni o'rganamiz.
Couverture Numéro 02 Volume 01 journal AJMHR
Creators: name: Bengana, Bilal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110322 Rheumatology and Arthritis
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110703 Autoimmunity
subject: 110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: Anatomy
subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases

description: Couvertue du numéro 02 volume 1 du journal AJMHR.
A STUDY ON M_X∕(G_1,G_2)∕1 WITH RETRIAL, RENEGING AT THE TIME OF VACATION AND BREAKDOWN PERIODS
Creators: name: S. SHANMUGASUNDARAM
name: S. UTHAMAPRIYA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Batch Arrival; Vacation and Breakdowns; Retrial; Reneging; Steady State Queues.

description: Abstract
In this paper we study a two stage batch arrival queueing model and the server serves his service in a series. We deal with retrial to occur at the time of vacation and breakdown periods. We obtain the steady state equations to find the average queue length and average waiting time in the queue as well as in the system. In addition a few special cases are also considered and numerical illustrations are given to test the feasibility of the model.
Pushed to finance? Assessing technology export as a motivator for coal finance abroad
Creators: name: Manych, Niccolò
name: Egli, Florian
name: Ohlendorf, Nils
name: Schmidt, Tobias S
name: Steffen, Bjarne
name: Stünzi, Anna
name: Steckel, Jan Christoph
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::333 Boden- und Energiewirtschaft
subject: climate change mitigation
subject: coal-fired power plants
subject: political economy
subject: financing
subject: technology export

description: The construction of new coal-fired power plants is frequently financed by banks from abroad. Recent studies suggest that the opportunity to export technology is a relevant ‘push factor’ for such financing activities. In this paper, we provide first quantitative evidence for this hypothesis on a global scale. We construct a novel dataset that tracks both public and private financial involvement on a coal unit level, including information on equipment manufacturers and service providers. The findings indicate that financial institutions from various countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Western nations provide loans to coal units overseas. These finance flows, particularly from publicly owned banks, are accompanied by technology exports from the same country. Complementing our quantitative analysis with semi-structured interviews, we find indications that political economy factors, such as public banks’ requirement for participation of domestic firms in financing deals and the unlocking of export business opportunities for domestic industries in financing countries, contribute to this correlation. Our findings highlight the importance of financing countries and their domestic industries for low-carbon transitions globally.
Logique mathématique et linguistique formelle
Creators: name: Retoré, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the etymology of the word shows, logic is intimately related to language, as exemplified by the work of philosophers from Antiquity and from the Middle-Age. At the beginning of the XX century, the crisis of the foundations of mathematics invented mathematical logic and imposed logic as a language-based foundation for mathematics. How did the relations between logic and language evolved in this newly defined mathematical framework? After a survey of the history of the relation between logic and linguistics, traditionally focused on semantics, we focus on some present issues: 1) grammar as a deductive system 2) the transformation of the syntactic structure of a sentence to a logical formula representing its meaning 3) taking into account the context when interpreting words. This lecture shows that type theory provides a convenient framework both for natural language syntax and for the interpretation of any of tis level (words, sentences, discourse).
description: Transcription d'une "le\c{c}on de math\'ematique d'aujourd'hui" donn\'ee le 7 juillet 2011, in French
Revisiting strategic motives, location choices, and impacts of international research and development
Creators: name: Nuruzzaman, Nuruzzaman
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Internationalization of research and development (R&D) by multinational companies is an important topic in the field of international management. Understanding international R&D is a crucial element in understanding globalization, especially in the age of knowledge and information. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the strategic motives, location choices, and impact of international. I first take stock of the progress in the literature of international R&D by conducting a textual review of existing studies. Furthermore, I examine the strategic motives, location choices, and the impacts of international R&D in two essays. In the first essay, I examine the strategic motive and location choices of international R&D from the perspective of institutions arbitrage. I propose that the R&D internationalization is also driven by the institutions-arbitraging motives, in which firms seek locations with lax ethical standards to avoid or lower regulatory compliance costs in R&D. The institutions-arbitraging motive encourages firms to seek locations with weak regulatory enforcements to avoid the monitoring of regulatory compliance costs or to avoid potential litigation costs from conducting unethical experiments. I further argue that the likelihood of pharmaceutical firms in selecting locations with lower ethical standards or weaker regulatory enforcement is heterogeneous, depending on the firm’s performance relative to the industry average. I find that firms underperformed firms are more likely to choose locations with low ethical standards or weaker regulatory enforcements than firms with above-average performance. In the second essay, I examine the domestic impact of international R&D. Based on cost-saving arguments from economic theories as well as the knowledge-augmenting argument from strategic management literature, I propose that the expansion of foreign R&D is associated with the growth of domestic R&D. However, such a positive association is contingent upon the availability of high- and low-discretion slack resources. I argue that because they can provide flexibility for managers to expand innovative activities, high-discretion slack resources strengthen the positive association between foreign R&D and domestic R&D. On the contrary, the accumulation of low-discretion slack resources constraints the selection of R&D projects.To test my hypotheses, I take advantage of information from clinical trial projects of American-based pharmaceutical firms. My data cover 18 year period from 2000 to 2017. The empirical analyses largely support my arguments.
Okinawa: A Crack in the Pacific Pivot to Asia
Creators: name: Cooley, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: International relations
subject: Armed Forces

description: In Okinawa, the complex local politics that surround the U.S. basing presence have entered an uncertain new phase–one that threatens to derail the new security consensus held by Tokyo and Washington.
The distribution of values of short hybrid exponential sums on curves over finite fields
Creators: name: Mak, Kit-Ho
name: Zaharescu, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G20, 11T23, 11T24

description: Let $p$ be a prime number, $X$ be an absolutely irreducible affine plane curve over $\mathbb{F}_p$, and $g,f\in\mathbb{F}_p(x,y)$. We study the distribution of the values of the hybrid exponential sums S_n on $n\in\mathcal{I}$ for some short interval $\mathcal{I}$. We show that under some natural conditions the limiting distribution of the projections of the sum $S_n$, $n\in\mathcal{I}$ on any straight line through the origin is Gaussian as $p$ tends to infinity.
description: 20 pages