cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Airships: A New Horizon for Science
Creators: name: Miller, Sarah H.
name: Fesen, Robert
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
name: Rhodes, Jason
name: Baird, Gil
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Booth, Jeff
name: Carlile, David E.
name: Duren, Riley
name: Edworthy, Frederick G.
name: Freeze, Brent
name: Friedl, Randall R.
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Hall, Jeffery L.
name: Hoffman, Scott E.
name: Hovarter, Scott E.
name: Jensen-Clem, Rebecca M.
name: Jones, Ross M.
name: Kauffmann, Jens
name: Kiessling, Alina
name: King, Oliver G.
name: Konidaris, Nick P.
name: Lachenmeier, Timothy L.
name: Lord, Steven D.
name: Neu, Jessica
name: Quetin, Gregory R.
name: Ram, Alan
name: Sander, Stanley
name: Simard, Marc
name: Smith, Mike
name: Smith, Steve
name: Smoot, Sara
name: Susca, Sara
name: Swann, Abigail
name: Young, Eliot F.
name: Zambrano, Thomas
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2014

description: The "Airships: A New Horizon for Science" study at the Keck Institute for
Space Studies investigated the potential of a variety of airships currently
operable or under development to serve as observatories and science
instrumentation platforms for a range of space, atmospheric, and Earth science.
The participants represent a diverse cross-section of the aerospace sector,
NASA, and academia. Over the last two decades, there has been wide interest in
developing a high altitude, stratospheric lighter-than-air (LTA) airship that
could maneuver and remain in a desired geographic position (i.e.,
"station-keeping") for weeks, months or even years. Our study found
considerable scientific value in both low altitude (< 40 kft) and high altitude
(> 60 kft) airships across a wide spectrum of space, atmospheric, and Earth
science programs. Over the course of the study period, we identified
stratospheric tethered aerostats as a viable alternative to airships where
station-keeping was valued over maneuverability. By opening up the sky and
Earth's stratospheric horizon in affordable ways with long-term flexibility,
airships allow us to push technology and science forward in a project-rich
environment that complements existing space observatories as well as aircraft
and high-altitude balloon missions.
description: K 20160303-135927410
Biological control of common postharvest diseases of apples with Pseudomonas fluorescens and potential modes of action
Creators: name: Wallace, Rhiannon Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Postharvest diseases are a serious issue faced by the pome fruit industry worldwide. Three major postharvest fungal pathogens, Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Mucor piriformis, commonly infect and rot apples in storage in British Columbia, Canada. Fungicides have been applied extensively to reduce postharvest loss, but pathogen resistance is emerging and public pressure to reduce fungicide use has led to increased research for safer alternatives such as biological control agents (BCAs). Three isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1-112, 2-28, and 4-6, isolated from the rhizosphere of pulse crops in Western Canada, were studied as potential BCAs under commercial cold and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage with apple varieties ‘Gala’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Ambrosia’, and ‘Spartan’. Disease incidence and lesion diameters of apples inoculated with each of the three pathogens and biological control strains were determined after 15 weeks in commercial cold storage or varying periods of time in CA storage and compared with the fungicide Scholar® (fludioxonil) and the BCA BioSave® (Pseudomonas syringae). On apples, among the isolates of P. fluorescens tested, isolates 1-112 and 4-6 provided the best control of postharvest disease. Of all the biological and chemical treatments tested, Scholar® consistently performed the best, but when P. fluorescens isolate 4-6 was combined with sodium bicarbonate (SBC), the biological control activity of the antagonist was comparable to the fungicide. Overall, the efficacy of the P. fluorescens isolates varied with pathogen, apple variety, and storage environment. In dual culture and volatile tests, all three isolates or their metabolites significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of P. expansum, B. cinerea, and M. piriformis in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that all three P. fluorescens isolates adhered to the fungal hyphae of P. expansum, B. cinerea, and M. piriformis in vitro and in vivo, and colonized the wounds of apples. The ability of P. fluorescens to compete for nutrients and space, form a biofilm and produce inhibitory metabolites that target spore germination and mycelial growth may be the basis for its biological control capabilities. Collectively, these results suggest that P. fluorescens has potential to control common postharvest fungal pathogens during commercial storage.
Channel saturation and conductance quantization in single-atom gold constrictions
Creators: name: Armstrong, Jason N.
name: Schaub, R. M.
name: Hua, Susan Z.
name: Chopra, Harsh Deep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Notwithstanding the discreteness of metallic constrictions, it is shown that the finite elasticity of stable, single-atom gold constrictions allows for a continuous and reversible change in conductance, thereby enabling observation of channel saturation and conductance quantization. The observed channel saturation and signature for conductance quantization is achieved by superposition of atomic/subatomic-scale oscillations on a retracting/approaching gold tip against a gold substrate of a scanning probe. Results also show that conductance histograms are neither suitable for evaluating the stability of atomic configurations through peak positions or peak height nor appropriate for assessing conductance quantization. A large number of atomic configurations with similar conductance values give rise to peaks in the conductance histogram. The positions of the peaks and counts at each peak can be varied by changing the conditions under which the histograms are made. Histogram counts below 1Go cannot necessarily be assumed to arise from single-atom constrictions.
The Role of Nuclear Physics in Understanding the Cosmos and the Origin of Elements
Creators: name: Balantekin, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This popular lecture, given in the conference celebrating contributions of Akito Arima to physics on the occasion of his 80th anniversary, outlines the role of nuclear physics in understanding the origin of elements.
description: Proceedings of the Symposium: New Faces of Atomic Nuclei (Okinawa, Nov. 15-17, 2010)
Reconnection-Powered Linear Accelerator and Gamma-Ray Flares in the Crab Nebula
Creators: name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
name: Cerutti, Benoit
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of day-long gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula, presumed to be synchrotron emission by PeV (10^{15} eV) electrons in milligauss magnetic fields, presents a strong challenge to particle acceleration models. The observed photon energies exceed the upper limit (~100 MeV) obtained by balancing the acceleration rate and synchrotron radiation losses under standard conditions where the electric field is smaller than the magnetic field. We argue that a linear electric accelerator, operating at magnetic reconnection sites, is able to circumvent this difficulty. Sufficiently energetic electrons have gyroradii so large that their motion is insensitive to small-scale turbulent structures in the reconnection layer and is controlled only by large-scale fields. We show that such particles are guided into the reconnection layer by the reversing magnetic field as they are accelerated by the reconnection electric field. As these electrons become confined within the current sheet, they experience a decreasing perpendicular magnetic field that may drop below the accelerating electric field. This enables them to reach higher energies before suffering radiation losses and hence to emit synchrotron radiation in excess of the 100 MeV limit, providing a natural resolution to the Crab gamma-ray flare paradox.
description: 14 pages including 4 figures
Methods for Improving Long‐Range Wireless Communication between Extreme Terrain Vehicles
Creators: name: Johnson, Paul V.
name: Zarzhitsky, Dimitri
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2012

description: Axel is an extreme terrain, two-wheeled rover designed to traverse rocky surface and sub-surface landscapes in order to conduct remote science experiments in hard-to-reach locations. The rover's design meets many requirements for a mobile research platform capable of reaching water seeps on Martian cliff sides. Axel was developed by the Mobility and Robotic Systems section at the Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Unique design criteria associated with extreme terrain mobility led to a unique rover solution, consisting of a central module, which provides long-term energy storage and space for large-scale science payloads, and two detachable Axels that can detach and explore extreme terrain locations that are inaccessible to conventional rovers. The envisioned mission could involve a four-wheeled configuration of Axel called 'DuAxel' that is able to traverse the benign, flattened terrain of a landing site and approach the edge of the targeted crater or cave where it would deploy anchoring legs and detach one of the Axel rovers [1]. A tether provides a secure link between the Axel rover and the central module, acting as an anchor to allow Axel to descend along steep crater walls to collect data from the scientifically relevant sites along the water seeps or crater ledges. After completing its scientific mission Axel would hoist itself up to the central module and dock autonomously (using its on-board stereo cameras), allowing the once-again recombined DuAxel to travel to another location to repeat data collection.
Discovery and evaluation of novel synthetic 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carbox-amide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents
Creators: name: Shen, Qing-Kun
name: Gong, Guo-Hua
name: Li, Gao-
name: Jin, Mei-
name: Cao, Li-Hua
name: Quan, Zhe-Shan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects using RAW264.7 cells. Structures of the synthesised compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All the compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity based on their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO release. Among them, 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide (6p) showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited NO release more potently than the lead compound D1. Further studies revealed that compound 6p reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and that its anti-inflammatory activity involves the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS and downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Notably, compound 6p displayed more prominent anti-inflammatory activity than D1 and the positive control ibuprofen in the in vivo acute inflammatory model. Overall, these findings indicate that compound 6p is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation.
Splitting broad beams into arrays of dissipative spatial solitons by material and virtual gratings
Creators: name: He, Y. J.
name: Malomed, B. A.
name: Ye, F.
name: Dong, J.
name: Qiu, Z.
name: Wang, H. Z.
name: Hu, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate two generic methods for producing two-dimensional (2D) spatial soliton arrays (SSAs) in the framework of the cubic-quintic (CQ) complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) model. The first approach deals with a broad beam launched into the dissipative nonlinear medium, which is equipped with an imprinted grating of a sufficiently sharp form. The beam splits into a cluster of jets, each subsequently self-trapping into a stable soliton, if the power is sufficient for that. We consider two kinds of sharp gratings -- "raised-cosine" (RC) and Kronig-Penney (KP) lattices -- and two types of the input beams, fundamental and vortical. By selecting appropriate parameters, this method makes it possible to create various types of solitons arrays, such as solid, annular (with single and double rings), and cross-shaped ones. The second method uses a "virtual lattice", in the form of a periodic transverse phase modulation imprinted into the broad beam, which is passed through an appropriate phase mask and then shone into a uniform nonlinear medium. Two different types of the masks are considered, in the form of a "checkerboard" or "tilings". In that case, broad fundamental and vortical beams may also evolve into stable SSAs, if the beam's power and spacing of the virtual phase lattice are large enough. By means of the latter technique, square-shaped, hexagonal, and quasi-crystalline SSAs can be created.
description: to be published by Physica Scripta, 34 pages, 16 JPEG figures
Imidazopyridine-fused [1,3]diazepinones: modulations of positions 2 to 4 and their impacts on the anti-melanoma activity
Creators: name: Le Baccon-Sollier, Paul
name: Malki, Yohan
name: Maye, Morgane
name: Ali, Lamiaa M. A.
name: Lichon, Laure
name: Cuq, Pierre
name: Vincent, Laure-Anaïs
name: Masurier, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: A series of 19 novel pyrido-imidazodiazepinones, with modulations of positions 2, 3 and 4 of the diazepine ring were synthesised and screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against two melanoma cell lines (A375 and MDA-MB-435) and for their potential toxicity against NIH-3T3 non-cancerous cells. Selected compounds were also evaluated on the NCI-60 cell line panel. The SAR study revealed that the molecular volume and the cLogP of compounds modified at position 2 were significantly correlated with the activity of these compounds on melanoma cell lines. Moreover, introduction of a heterocyclic group at position 2 or an azido-alkyl chain at position 4 led to compounds displaying a significantly different activity profile on the NCI-60 cell line panel, compared to phenyl-substituted compounds at position 2 of the diazepinone. This study provides us crucial information for the development of new derivatives active against melanoma.
V2492 Cygni: The Early Evolution of the 2010 Outburst
Creators: name: Aspin, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Gemini-North optical and near-IR observations of a young eruptive star in Cygnus, designated as V2492 Cyg in the General Catalog of Variable Stars. This object is one of two young stars, located within 2 degrees of each other, that recently brightened by around 5 mags and were reported as possible new FU Orionis-type variables. The outburst spectrum of V2492 Cyg shows atomic emission features throughout the optical and near-infrared. In the optical, Halpha is in emission and has an associated blue-shifted absorption component. The far-red CaII triplet lines are also in emission and, as with Halpha, possess significant blue-shifted absorption. The optical TiO molecular bands are also in emission. In the near-infrared, Pabeta, Brgamma, and the CO overtone bandheads are strongly in emission. Such spectral characteristics are very similar to those exhibited by both EX Lupi, the progenitor of the EXor class of eruptive variables, during its 2008 extreme outburst, and V1647 Ori during its elevated phase in 2003. Additionally, we consider archival data on V2492 Cyg and investigate the pre-outburst nature of this young star. We construct a quiescent-phase spectral energy distribution which, via model fitting, gives insight into the circumstellar environment of the object prior to the current eruption. Our investigation strongly suggests that the V2492 Cyg outburst appears to be more consistent with an EXor event, a fact supported by its recent 2 mag fading and stochastic variability.
description: 58 pages, 18 figures
Oxygen Isotope Compositions Of Mineral Separates From Martian Meteorites: Constraints On SNC Parental Magmas
Creators: name: Channon, Melanie
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2010
Subjects: Keck Institute for Space Studies

description: Many discoveries have been made suggesting that water once flowed on the
surface of Mars.  Igneous rocks from Mars (in the form of meteorites) can be studied
to determine whether or not their magma sources have assimilated crust that has
been altered by water such as an ocean or river.  On Earth, unaltered igneous rocks
that come from the mantle have a uniform oxygen isotopic composition.  Igneous
rocks coming from magma that intruded and assimilated aqueously altered crust
have a different composition.  In this study, oxygen isotopes were measured in
mineral separates from 15 different martian meteorites by laser fluorination.
Olivine from meteorites classified as shergottites and chassignites measured in this
study were found to have the same isotopic composition, whereas olivine from
nakhlites have a different composition.  Shergottites and chassignites may have
never been in contact with water and therefore reflect the oxygen isotopic
composition of igneous minerals from the mantle.  Nakhlites, on the other hand, may
come from a region of Mars that was affected by water.
Biologically active natural products from terrestrial and marine environments
Creators: name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Natural products are one of the most important resources for the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Organisms from different terrestrial and marine environments produce secondary metabolites with unique biological activities that could be utilized by humans medicinally and in other ways. In an effort to search for new potential lead compounds, we use bioassay-guided fractionation and structure elucidation tools to identify new biologically active natural products. The work presented in Chapters 2 and 3 is in an effort to search for new small molecules that activate HIV-1 provirus expression. Novel sesterterpenoids alotaketals C−E (3.7−3.9), phorbadione (3.10), ansellones D−N (3.11−3.21), anvilones A and B (3.22 and 3.23) and phorone C (3.24), along with the known sesterterpenoids ansellones A−C (2.86−2.88), were isolated from a Phorbas sp. sponge collected in Howe Sound, British Columbia. The isolation and structure elucidations of these novel sesterterpenoids are presented. These compounds are a family of highly functionalized sesterterpenoids that have the alotane, ansellane, anvilane and phorane carbon skeletons. The unique ansellane and anvilane carbon skeletons have so far only been found in this particular sponge Phorbas sp. Several classes of natural products produced by this genus of sponge are reviewed. These sesterterpenoids are able to activate HIV-1 provirus expression. The most active analog, alotaketal C (3.9) showed 13.8 % activation of HIV-1 provirus expression at a concentration of 30 μM. Chapter 4 describes the identification of two anti-onchocerciasis natural products isolated from the extracts of traditional medicinal plants. Lantadene A (4.4) and morindicinone (4.5) were isolated from the extracts of Lantata camara and Morinda lucida, respectively. The filaricidal properties of lantadene A (4.4) and morindicinone (4.5) were investigated using an in vitro anti-Onchocerca assay.
Adiabatic quantum pumping in graphene NIS junctions
Creators: name: Alos-Palop, M.
name: Blaauboer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate adiabatic quantum pumping through a normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junction in a monolayer of graphene. The pumped current is generated by periodic modulation of two gate voltages, applied to the insulating and superconducting regions respectively. In the bilinear response regime and in the limit of a thin high insulating barrier, we find that the presence of the superconductor enhances the pumped current per mode by a factor of 4 at resonance. Compared to the pumped current in an analogous semiconductor NIS junction, the resonances have a $π/2$ phase difference. We also predict experimentally distinguishable differences between the pumped current and the tunneling conductance in graphene NIS junctions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Oxygen Isotope Compositions Of Mineral Separates From Martian Meteorites: Constraints On SNC Parental Magmas.
Creators: name: Channon, M. B.
name: Stolper, E. M.
name: Eiler, J. M.
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2010
Subjects: Keck Institute for Space Studies

description: [no abstract]
New Approaches to Lunar Ice Detection and Mapping
Creators: name: Hayne, Paul O.
name: Ingersoll, Andrew P.
name: Paige, David A.
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2014

description: As a fundamental molecule to life on Earth, water is a key marker of habitable
environments in the Solar System. Yet after decades of exploration, the origins,
abundance, and distribution of water amongst the planets are not fully understood.
The recent discovery of substantial water ice deposits in the polar regions of both
Mercury  and  the Moon  presents  an  opportunity  to  test  hypotheses  regarding  the
delivery and retention of water and other volatiles in the inner Solar System. As the
Earth’s  closest  planetary  neighbor,  the  Moon  thus  may  be  a  uniquely  accessible
keystone  for addressing outstanding problems  in planetary  science directly  linked
to  habitability.  Furthermore,  water  on  the  Moon  is  of  great  interest  to  the
exploration  community,  as  a  resource  for  astronauts  and  robotic  missions  of  the
future.
Mechanical stiffening, bistability, and bit operations in a microcantilever
Creators: name: Venstra, Warner J.
name: Westra, Hidde J. R.
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonlinear dynamics of microcantilevers. We demonstrate mechanical stiffening of the frequency response at large amplitudes, originating from the geometric nonlinearity. At strong driving the cantilever amplitude is bistable. We map the bistable regime as a function of drive frequency and amplitude, and suggest several applications for the bistable microcantilever, of which a mechanical memory is demonstrated.
The Effectiveness of Advergames on Purchase Intention A Quantitative Study.pdf
Creators: name: Kipness, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: 150504 Marketing Measurement
subject: 150505 Marketing Research Methodology
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory
subject: 150314 Small Business Management
subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing

description: Advergames is a technique that marketers construct purposely for advertising promotion combining video games and entertainment. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to examine the relationship between advergame play and purchase intention for players at an academic institution under the AIDA theory model. The general problem is a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship effect of advergames and purchase intentions of players studied under the theoretical framework of the AIDA. There are limited studies on purchase intention with advergames. In this two part study, the researcher quantitatively assessed the relationship between advergame playing and the player‟s purchasing intention within the construct of the AIDA model through an online survey (advertising platform). The researcher quantitatively assessed the relationship between which aspect of the AIDA model is different by demographics (decision making platform). The study population (N= 226) were students attending college in the Northeast, United States. This researcher used Chi -square tests of association and logistic regression to answer and test the research questions and hypotheses. Findings indicated that age, gender, previous viewing experience, and gaming experience do not influence purchase intentions or the AIDA model in participants, but that interactive effects exist, with younger and male students being more likely to intend to purchase, and with combined and interactive effects of age, gender, and previous viewing experience appearing on the awareness, attention, motivation, and action stages of the AIDA model. Additionally, higher levels of Action corresponded to an increased likelihood of purchasing. The findings of this study added to the body of knowledge and could serve as a foundation for advergame design. Keywords: Advergames, Marketing, AIDA,
Mechanism for current saturation and energy dissipation in graphene transistors
Creators: name: DaSilva, Ashley M.
name: Zou, Ke
name: Jain, J. K.
name: Zhu, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a combination of careful and detailed theoretical and experimental studies, we demonstrate that the Boltzmann theory including all scattering mechanisms gives an excellent account, with no adjustable parameters, of high electric field transport in single as well as double-oxide graphene transistors. We further show unambiguously that scattering from the substrate and superstrate surface optical (SO) phonons governs the high field transport and heat dissipation over a wide range of experimentally relevant parameters. Models that neglect SO phonons altogether or treat them in a simple phenomenological manner are inadequate. We outline possible strategies for achieving higher current and complete saturation in graphene devices.
description: revtex, 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of edaravone derivatives bearing the N-benzyl pyridinium moiety as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer’s agents
Creators: name: Zondagh, Luke S.
name: Malan, Sarel F.
name: Joubert, Jacques
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A series of multi-target directed edaravone derivatives bearing N-benzyl pyridinium moieties were designed and synthesised. Edaravone is a potent antioxidant with significant neuroprotective effects and N-benzyl pyridinium has previously exhibited positive results as part of a dual-site binding, peripheral anionic site (PAS) and catalytic anionic site (CAS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. The designed edaravone-N-benzyl pyridinium hybrid compounds were docked within the AChE active site. The results indicated interactions with conserved amino acids (Trp279 in PAS and Trp84 in CAS), suggesting good dual-site inhibitory activity. Significant in vitro AChE inhibitory activities were observed for selected compounds (IC50: 1.2–4.6 µM) with limited butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50’s >160 µM), indicating excellent selectivity towards AChE (SI: 46 – >278). The compounds also showed considerable antioxidant ability, similar to edaravone. In silico studies indicated that these compounds should cross the blood–brain barrier, making them promising lead molecules in the development of anti-Alzheimer’s agents.
Physical Properties of Main-Belt Comet 176P/LINEAR
Creators: name: Hsieh, Henry H.
name: Ishiguro, Masateru
name: Lacerda, Pedro
name: Jewitt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a physical characterization of main-belt comet 176P/LINEAR. Observations show the object exhibiting a fan-shaped tail in late 2005, but then becoming inactive in early 2006. Using data from 2007 when the object was observed to be inactive, we derive best-fit IAU phase function parameters of H=15.10 mag and G=0.15, linear phase function parameters of m(1,1,0)=15.35 mag and Beta=0.038 mag/deg, and a rotation period of P_rot=22.23 hr and a photometric range of delta~0.7 mag. In 2005, the nucleus exhibits a significantly smaller photometric range that is attributed to viewing geometry effects. An analysis of these effects showed that 176P likely has an axis ratio of 1.8
description: 30 pages, 14 figures; accepted for publication in AJ
Continuous Loading of a Conservative Trap from an Atomic Beam
Creators: name: Falkenau, Markus
name: Volchkov, Valentin V.
name: Rührig, Jahn
name: Griesmaier, Axel
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the fast accumulation of Cr atoms in a conservative potential from a magnetically guided atomic beam. Without laser cooling on a cycling transition, a single dissipative step realized by optical pumping allows to load atoms at a rate of 2*10^7 1/s in the trap. Within less than 100 ms we reach the collisionally dense regime, from which we directly produce a Bose-Einstein condensate with subsequent evaporative cooling. This constitutes a new approach to degeneracy where, provided a slow beam of particles can be produced by some means, Bose-Einstein condensation can be reached for species without a cycling transition.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The impact of right-wing populism on security : the case of the Philippines
Creators: name: Brookes, Ellen May
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: With populism becoming a political buzzword after the recent elections of Right-Wing Populist leaders, discussion over the impacts the rhetoric has on security decisions becomes vital. This work aims to explore a correlational connection between Right-Wing Populism and security decisions made by populist leaders by use of a single case study analysis, focusing on the political history of the Philippines and their current President, Rodrigo Duterte. By stating working definitions for both Right-Wing Populism and security, a frame for analysing security issues and subsequent decisions made by Duterte is set, which can then be further projected into generalisations that can be carried into further research. While certain decisions by leaders may be viewed as being impulsive, this work looks to illustrate that these decisions are in fact strategic under a specific Right-Wing Populist agenda.
Development of Ultrasensitive Photon Detectors and Microwave Amplifiers Using Superconducting Nitride Thin Films
Creators: name: Zmuidzinas, Jonas
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2013

description: This is the final technical report for the KISS Technical Development program entitled
"Development of Ultrasensitive Photon Detectors and Microwave Amplifiers Using Superconducting Nitride Thin Films". The Technical Development phase started in January 2011
and concluded in December 2012. The overall goal of this program was to explore the application of high-resistivity superconductors, particularly titanium nitride (TiN), for sensitive
photon detection at millimeter through optical/ultraviolet wavelengths. The program was
focused on research activities at Caltech and JPL but included participation by our collaborators at Cardiff (Mauskopf/Doyle), NASA/GSFC (Moseley), NIST Boulder (Gao/Irwin),
TU Delft (Klapwijk), and UC Santa Barbara (Mazin). Progress reports were given by our
collaborators during a KISS-sponsored workshop held at Caltech on February 21-22, 2012.
Mechanical characterization and wear behavior of aerospace alloy AA2124 and micro B4C reinforced metal composites
Creators: name: N, Fazil
Publisher: name: Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: AA2124 Alloy
B4C particles
Mechanical Behaviour
Wear
Fractography

description: Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, 30, 4, 97-105
Design, synthesis, in vitro inhibition and toxicological evaluation of human carbonic anhydrases I, II and IX inhibitors in 5-nitroimidazole series
Creators: name: Aspatwar, Ashok
name: Parvathaneni, Nanda Kumar
name: Barker, Harlan
name: Anduran, Emilie
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
name: Dubois, Ludwig
name: Lambin, Philippe
name: Parkkila, Seppo
name: Winum, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: With the aim to obtain novel compounds possessing both strong affinity against human carbonic anhydrases and low toxicity, we synthesised novel thiourea and sulphonamide derivatives 3, 4 and 10, and studied their in vitro inhibitory properties against human CA I, CA II and CA IX. We also evaluated the toxicity of these compounds using zebrafish larvae. Among the three compounds, derivative 4 showed efficient inhibition against hCA II (KI = 58.6 nM). Compound 10 showed moderate inhibition against hCA II (KI = 199.2 nM) and hCA IX (KI = 147.3 nM), whereas it inhibited hCA I less weakly at micromolar concentrations (KI = 6428.4 nM). All other inhibition constants for these compounds were in the submicromolar range. The toxicity evaluation studies showed no adverse effects on the zebrafish larvae. Our study suggests that these compounds are suitable for further preclinical characterisation as potential inhibitors of hCA I, II and IX.
Building Equity: Leveraging Technology for Affordable Housing in Seattle, Washington
Creators: name: Pilla, Harshita
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Urban and Regional Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Arts

description: The United States is currently experiencing the most significant housing crisis in its history. With over half of households spending more than 50% of their income on housing, households are unable to afford housing that is truly affordable to them. These conditions are intensified further in households of color and low income. In cities that have experienced rapid economic and population growth, like the city of Seattle, Washington, increased property values and low vacancy rates have highlighted the need for affordable housing development. Through this research, I aim to answer the following primary question, “How are existing technologies currently advancing the design, construction, and scalability of affordable housing?” In approaching this work, I first gathered geographic context to distill the unique characteristics of housing stock, growth, and capacity in Seattle. Then, I researched and inventoried 14 major construction technologies to then analyze and develop a strategic recommendation for phasing and technology implementation for affordable housing development in Seattle. Within the analysis, I confirmed that construction costs did encompass a majority (54%) of the development cost of completing an affordable housing unit. I found that three primary trade areas contributed to 62% of the total construction costs: Interior Finishes, Framing, and Rough-ins. In order to create efficiencies within these scopes on site, there are a variety of ways that construction technologies can be implemented and prioritized. Engaging innovations early on in a development process, especially for resource constrained affordable housing development projects, can be instrumental in extending funding further. There is a significant opportunity to reduce overall development costs for affordable housing to pave the way for building more stock and ultimately meeting the overwhelming demand that exists both in Seattle and at a national level.
Extinction correction and on-sky calibration of SCUBA-2
Creators: name: Dempsey, Jessica T.
name: Friberg, Per
name: Jenness, Tim
name: Bintley, Dan
name: Holland, Wayne S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Commissioning of SCUBA-2 included a program of skydips and observations of calibration sources intended to be folded into regular observing as standard methods of source flux calibration and to monitor the atmospheric opacity and stability. During commissioning, it was found that these methods could also be utilised to characterise the fundamental instrument response to sky noise and astronomical signals. Novel techniques for analysing on-sky performance and atmospheric conditions are presented, along with results from the calibration observations and skydips.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Equilíbrio econômico-financeiro nas Parcerias Público Privadas
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O presente estudo aborda os contornos do sistema de equilíbrio econômico-financeiro nos contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas celebrados pela Administração Pública Brasileira, disciplinadas pela Lei n.º 11.079/2004. Parte-se da premissa de que há na Constituição Federal Pátria, no artigo 37.º, XXI, a proteção aos termos ajustados na proposta, e não existe qualquer pré-definição de distribuição dos riscos envolvidos. Nesse sentido, caberá às partes, de acordo com a autorregulação, a determinação da melhor forma de alocação dos riscos, visando a eficiência e mitigação de possíveis problemas. Para tanto, analisamos o microssistema jurídico de tal instrumento, perpassando pelos artigos sobre o tema dispostos na Lei n.º 8.666/1993 e na Lei n.º 8.987/1995. O trabalho conclui que não há qualquer vedação constitucional que inviabilize a repartição objetiva dos riscos, e que essa definição terá papel singular na recomposição do equilíbrio econômico financeiro.
Dynamics of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content in a cohort study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women and cell culture models
Creators: name: Sara, Saberi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Globally, women constitute around 50% of HIV-infected individuals. While mother-to-child transmission accounts for 90% of new HIV infections among children, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the risk from 25% to <2%. Treatment guidelines now promote lifelong cART for all persons living with HIV. This implies that more women will be conceiving on cART and exposing their unborn child over a longer period. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can have off target effects. These drugs can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity of telomerase, which could lead to a shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL). LTL has been described as a marker of cellular aging and a predictor of age-related diseases over time. Several antiretrovirals (ARVs) can exert mitochondrial toxicity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The overarching hypothesis of my research was that LTL and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content would be affected by cART in the clinical and cell culture samples. I measured LTL in blood samples collected from 64 HIV-infected and 41 HIV-uninfected women at three visits during pregnancy using monochromatic multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CART treatment status during pregnancy was not associated with shorter LTL. However, smoking throughout pregnancy and receiving a boosted protease inhibitor regimen were independently associated with shorter LTL among HIV-infected women. Whether these reflect telomere attrition or redistribution of cellular subsets is unclear. In clinical studies, it is challenging to distinguish between the effects of HIV vs. those of cART. I used cultured placental and T-lymphoblast cells to study the changes in mtDNA content following either short term exposure to individual ARVs at increasing concentrations, or longer-term exposure (21 days) to cART regimens at 1×Cmax, (maximum concentration) prior to returning the cells to cART-free medium for ten more days, to allow recovery/repair. Most ARVs and cART studied here induced increased mtDNA content, postulated to reflect mitochondria biogenesis in response to cellular stresses and/or damage, something that could promote the clonal expansion of mtDNA mutations. However, changes in mtDNA content in response to ARV exposure can be both bidirectional and cell-specific; and appear to be reversible. Mitochondria morphological changes were suggestive of increased mitophagy to preserve mitochondrial health.
Radiative lifetimes of excitons in quantum wires
Creators: name: Gershoni, D.
name: Katz, M.
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: Logan, R. A.
name: West, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 71.25.-s, 73.20.Dx, 73.61.Ey

description: The excitonic population lifetime and its temperature dependence is measured in nanometer-scale quantum wires. The measurements were performed on two cleaved-edge overgrown GaAs quantum-wire systems, in which the lateral dimensions are comparable to the dimensions of a reference quantum well and an easy comparison between them is straightforward. The excitonic population decay time in the wires is less sensitive to temperature changes than that in the wells. Whereas the latter is linear with temperature, the former is roughly proportional to the square root of the temperature. Consequently, the decay times of the photoluminescence from the wires are longer than those from the wells at low temperature, but shorter at higher temperatures. From the temperature dependence of the lifetimes, which is an unambiguous signature of a one-dimensional system, we find the intrinsic radiative lifetime of excitons in quantum wires. They are an order of magnitude longer than in quantum wells.
Nichtparametrische Schätzer und Anpassungstests für Semi-Markov-Modelle
Creators: name: Radloff, Lucas Raul
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 310 General statistics

description: Zeitstetige Mehrzustandsmodelle haben seit geraumer Zeit Anwendung in diversen Disziplinen gefunden. Die Markovannahme ist attraktiv, aber häufig nicht angemessen. Semi-Markov-Modelle bilden eine allgemeinere Alternative. Es wird erläutert, wie ein allgemeiner nichtparametrischer Schätzer für Intensitätsfunktionen in den Kontext von Semi-Markov-Modellen eingebettet und dementsprechend genutzt werden kann. Darüber hinaus werden auf diesem Schätzer aufbauend zwei vielseitige Anpassungstests für Intensitätsmodelle entwickelt. Die Methoden werden an einem epidemiologischen Datensatz illustriert.
Minimal immersions of closed surfaces in hyperbolic three-manifolds
Creators: name: Huang, Zheng
name: Lucia, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C21, Secondary 53A10, 35J62

description: We study minimal immersions of closed surfaces (of genus $g \ge 2$) in hyperbolic 3-manifolds, with prescribed data $(σ, tα)$, where $σ$ is a conformal structure on a topological surface $S$, and $αdz^2$ is a holomorphic quadratic differential on the surface $(S,σ)$. We show that, for each $t \in (0,τ_0)$ for some $τ_0 > 0$, depending only on $(σ, α)$, there are at least two minimal immersions of closed surface of prescribed second fundamental form $Re(tα)$ in the conformal structure $σ$. Moreover, for $t$ sufficiently large, there exists no such minimal immersion. Asymptotically, as $t \to 0$, the principal curvatures of one minimal immersion tend to zero, while the intrinsic curvatures of the other blow up in magnitude.
description: 16 pages
The antibiotic furagin and its derivatives are isoform-selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Creators: name: Pustenko, Aleksandrs
name: Nocentini, Alessio
name: Gratteri, Paola
name: Bonardi, Alessandro
name: Vozny, Igor
name: Žalubovskis, Raivis
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The clinically used antibiotic Furagin and its derivatives possess inhibitory activity on human (h) carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), some of which are highly expressed in various tissues and malignancies (hCA IX/XII). Furagin exhibited good hCA IX and XII inhibition with K Is of 260 and 57 nM, respectively. It does not inhibit off-target CA I and poorly inhibited CA II (K I = 9.6 μM). Some synthesised Furagin derivatives with aminohydantoin moieties as zinc binding group exhibited weak inhibition of CA I/II, and good inhibition of CA IX/XII with K Is ranging from 350 to 7400 and 150 to 5600 nM, respectively. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that selectivity for the cancer-associated CA IX/XII over CA II is due to strong H-bond interactions in CA IX/XII, involving the tail orientated towards hydrophobic area of the active site. These results suggest a possible drug repurposing of Furagin as anti-cancer agent.