cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How will trade affect carbon leakage? : the impact of bilateral US Canada trade flows on Canadian Kyoto emissions targets
Creators: name: Rakhra, Balsharan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis will be examining whether differences in environmental policies between two trading partners, Canada and the US impact the effectiveness of the environmental policy of the trading partner who employs the policy. Specifically, Canada's emissions reductions under the Kyoto Accord are examined to determine whether non participation of the US will lead to a trade induced carbon leakage affect that will reduce the level of greenhouse gas reductions that Canada undertakes. A computational general equilibrium model is used and a sectoral comparison of Canadian and US sectors in emissions intensity is done. Three scenarios are examined: 1) all countries achieve their Kyoto targets with no international permit trading scheme and no US participation 2) all countries achieve their Kyoto targets with an international permit trading scheme in place and no US participation 3) all countries achieve their Kyoto targets with an international permit trading scheme in place but the number of permits are restricted and there is no US participation in the Kyoto Accord. It is found that trade with the US will have a minimal to no impact on Canada's reduction commitment under all three scenarios.
Additional file 2 of Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Artemisia (Asteraceae) in East Asia: insights into evolutionary divergence and phylogenomic implications
Creators: name: Goon-Bo Kim
name: Lim, Chae Eun
name: Jin-Seok Kim
name: Kyeonghee Kim
name: Lee, Jeong Hoon
name: Hee-Ju Yu
name: Mun, Jeong-Hwan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 : Tables S1 to S8. Table S1. Sample information and statistics of the Illumina PE sequence data of Artemisia taxa. Table S2. Gene contents of the Artemisia plastomes. Table S3. Pairwise nucleotide similarity matrix of the 32 Artemisia plastomes. Table S4. Highly variable regions among the 32 Artemisia plastomes. Table S5. Nucleotide diversity and polymorphism of 11 highly diverged regions in the Artemisia plastome. Table S6. Likelihood ratio tests to identify positively selected sites within the accD and ycf1 coding sequences across the 32 Artemisia plastomes. Table S7. Polymorphic LSRs identified in the 32 Artemisia plastomes. Table S8. In silico PCR analysis of the accD-Asteraceae and ycf1b-Asteraceae markers.
Even-odd conductance effect in graphene nanoribbons induced by edge functionalization with aromatic molecules: Basis for novel chemosensors
Creators: name: Čerņevičs, Kristiāns
name: Pizzochero, Michele
name: Yazyev, Oleg V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the electron transport in armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) chemically functionalized with p-polyphenyl and polyacene groups of increasing length. Our nearest-neighbor tight-binding calculations indicate that, depending on whether the number of aromatic rings in the functional group is even or odd, the resulting conductance at energies matching the energy levels of the corresponding isolated molecule are either unaffected or reduced by exactly one quantum as compared to the pristine GNR, respectively. Such an even-odd effect is shown to originate from a subtle interplay between the electronic states of the guest molecule that are spatially localized on the binding sites and those of the host nanoribbon. We next generalize our findings by employing more accurate tight-binding Hamiltonians along with density-functional theory calculations, and critically discuss the robustness of the observed physical effects against the level of theory adopted. Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of the influence of aromatic molecules bound to the edge of graphene nanoribbons on their electronic transport properties, an issue which is instrumental to the prospective realization of graphene-based chemosensors.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Continuous narrowband lasing with coherently driven V-level atoms
Creators: name: Hotter, Christoph
name: Plankensteiner, David
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous strong coherent pumping of the two transitions of a V-level atom with very differentdecay rates has been predicted to create almost perfect inversion on the narrower transition. Usingthe example of the blue and red transitions in Strontium we show that for suitable operatingconditions the corresponding resonant gain can be used to continuously operate a laser on thenarrow transition. In particular, for a strong detuning of the pump field with respect to the narrowtransition, coherent laser emission occurs close to the bare atomic transition frequency exhibitingonly a negligible contribution from coherent pump light scattered into the lasing mode.Calculations of the cavity output spectrum show that the resulting laser linewidth can get muchsmaller than the bandwidth of the pump light and even the natural linewidth of the narrow atomictransition. Its frequency is closely tied to the atomic transition frequency for properly chosen atomnumbers. Simulations including atomic motionshow Doppler cooling on the strong transitionwith minor motion heating on the lasing transition, so that continuous laser operation in thepresence of a magneto-optical trap should be possible with current experimental technology.
Electroproduction of K* mesons at CLAS
Creators: name: Hleiqawi, Ishaq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electroproduction of K$^{*0}$ mesons using the CLAS detector is described. Data for two electron beam energies, 4.056 and 4.247 GeV, were measured and the normalized yields are compared.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, HYP2003 Proceedings
MPEC 2024-T282 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2024 October 13)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Hot water can freeze faster than cold?!?
Creators: name: Jeng, Monwhea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the Mpemba effect, where intially hot water freezes faster than initially cold water. While the effect appears impossible at first sight, it has been seen in numerous experiments, was reported on by Aristotle, Francis Bacon, and Descartes, and has been well-known as folklore around the world. It has a rich and fascinating history, which culminates in the dramatic story of the secondary school student, Erasto Mpemba, who reintroduced the effect to the twentieth century scientific community. The phenomenon, while simple to describe, is deceptively complex, and illustrates numerous important issues about the scientific method: the role of skepticism in scientific inquiry, the influence of theory on experiment and observation, the need for precision in the statement of a scientific hypothesis, and the nature of falsifiability. We survey proposed theoretical mechanisms for the Mpemba effect, and the results of modern experiments on the phenomenon. Studies of the observation that hot water pipes are more likely to burst than cold water pipes are also described.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
A dynamic programming model for optimising the timing of replacement of sows
Creators: name: Niemi, Jarkko K.
name: Sevon-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa
name: Partanen, Kirsi
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Niemi, Jarkko K.
name: Sevon-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa
name: Partanen, Kirsi
name: Pietola, Kyosti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Replaced with revised version of poster 07/20/10.
Knot points of double--covariant system of elliptic equations and preferred frames in general relativity
Creators: name: Pelykh, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elliptic system of equations, which is general-covariant and locally SU(2)-covariant, is investigated. The new condition of the Dirichlet problem solvability and the condition of zeros absence for solutions are obtained for this system, which contains in particular case the Sen-Witten equation. On this basis it is proved the existence of the wide class of hypersurfaces, in all points of which there exists a correspondence between the Sen-Witten spinor field and three-frame, which generalizes the Nester orthoframe. The Nester special orthoframe also exists on a certain subclass containing not only the maximal hypersurfaces.
description: 10 pages
Exact expectations for random graphs and assignments
Creators: name: Eriksson, Henrik
name: Eriksson, Kimmo
name: Sjostrand, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80; 05C40, 60K99

description: For a random graph on n vertices where the edges appear with individual rates, we give exact formulas for the expected time at which the number of components has gone down to k and the expected length of the corresponding minimal spanning forest. For a random bipartite graph we give a formula for the expected time at which a k-assignment appears. This result has bearing upon the random assignment problem.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Catastrophic healthcare expenditure and coping strategies among patients attending cancer treatment services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie
name: Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle
name: Yohannes Hailemichael
name: Aynalem Abraha Woldemariam
name: Teferi Gedif Fenta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1 Data collection instrument
Global interactions between bioenergy and climate policies
Creators: name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Rose, Steven K.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Golub, Alla A.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Rose, Steven K.
name: Sohngen, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Over the past few years, interest in bioenergy has boomed with higher oil prices and concerns about energy security, farm incomes, and mitigation of climate change. In the same time, there is significant interest in international agricultural and forestry based greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. However, bioenergy and climate policies are being formulated largely independent of one another. Understanding the interaction between these potentially competing policy objectives is valuable for identifying possible constraints that one policy might be placing on the other, as well as potential complementarities. Using a general equilibrium framework, this study assesses the effects of bioenergy expansion on sectoral, regional and global GHG emissions mitigation potential.
Does Limited Access at School Result in Compensation at Home?-The Effect of Soft Drink Bans in Schools on Purchase Patterns outside of Schools
Creators: name: Huang, Rui
name: Kiesel, Kristin
name: Huang, Rui
name: Kiesel, Kristin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: This paper investigates the effects of banning soft drinks in schools on purchases outside of school. We utilize unique household-level and store-level data sources in combination with time-series and cross-sectional variation of state-level regulations in a difference-in-differences(DD) approach. We detect a decrease in the overall trend in sales, but observe this downward trend in households with and without children, as well as in states with and without regulation. Controlling for advertising allows us to further reject that leading brands intensify their advertising efforts and target children to potentially offset their reduced presence at schools. Finally, we find no evidence of substitution effects among possible beverage product alternatives. Our analysis therefore suggests that soft drink bans at school reduce overall soft drink consumption as school age children do not compensate for this limited availability at home.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/23/10.
Mott transition in one-dimensional boson-fermion mixtures
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Yousuke
name: Mori, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigated Mott transitions and mixing-demixing transitions in one-dimensional boson-fermion mixtures at a commensurate filling. The mixing-demixing transition occurred in a qualitatively similar manner to the incommensurate filling case. We also found the Mott insulator phase appeared in both the mixing and the demixing states as the fermion-boson interaction or the boson-boson interaction increased. Phase diagrams were obtained in the interaction parameter space.
So you think you can DAS? A viewpoint on delay-and-sum beamforming
Creators: name: Perrot, Vincent
name: Polichetti, Maxime
name: Varray, François
name: Garcia, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Delay-and-sum (DAS) is the most widespread digital beamformer in high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging. Its implementation is simple and compatible with real-time applications. In this viewpoint article, we describe the fundamentals of DAS beamforming. The underlying theory and numerical approach are detailed so that users can be aware of its functioning and limitations. In particular, we discuss the importance of the f-number and speed of sound on image quality, and propose one solution to set their values from a physical viewpoint. We suggest determining the f-number from the directivity of the transducer elements and the speed of sound from the phase dispersion of the delayed signals. Simplified Matlab codes are provided for the sake of clarity and openness. The effect of the f-number and speed of sound on the lateral resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio was investigated in vitro and in vivo. If not properly preset, these two factors had a substantial negative impact on standard metrics of image quality (namely CNR and FWHM). When beamforming with DAS in vitro or in vivo, it is recommended to optimize these parameters in order to use it wisely and prevent image degradation.
description: There was a mistake in the Matlab function EZSOS (appendix). "IQ" has been replaced by "IQ0" in the "ezdas" line
RESIK and RHESSI observations of the 20 September 2002 flare
Creators: name: Kepa, A.
name: Falewicz, R.
name: Siarkowski, M.
name: Pietras, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft X-ray spectra 3.33 A - 6.15 A from the RESIK instrument on CORONAS-F constitute a unique database for the study of the physical conditions of solar flare plasmas, enabling the calculation of differential emission measures. The two RESIK channels for the shortest wavelengths overlap with the lower end of RHESSI spectral energy range, which is located around 3 keV, making it possible to compare both data sets. We aim to compare observations from RESIK and RHESSI spectrometers and cross-correlate these instruments. Observations are compared with synthetic spectra calculated based on the results of one-dimensional hydrodynamical (1D-HD) modelling. The analysis was performed for the flare on 20 September 2002. We estimated the geometry of the flaring loop, necessary for 1D-HD modelling, based on images from RHESSI and SOHO/EIT. The distribution of non-thermal electrons (NTEs) was determined from RHESSI spectra. The 1D-HD model assumes that non-thermal electrons with a power-law spectrum were injected at the apex of the flaring loop. The NTEs then heat and evaporate the chromosphere, filling the loop with hot and dense plasma radiating in soft X-rays. The total energy of electrons was constrained by comparing observed and calculated fluxes from GOES 1 - 8 A data. We determined the temperature and density at every point of the flaring loop throughout the evolution of the flare, calculating the resulting X-ray spectra. The synthetic spectra calculated based on the results of hydrodynamic modelling for the 20 September 2002 flare are consistent within a factor of two with the observed RESIK spectra during most of the duration of the flare. This discrepancy factor is probably related to the uncertainty on the cross-calibration between RESIK and RHESSI instruments.
Analyzing the Effects of Weather and Biotechnology Adoption on Corn Yields and Crop Insurance Performance in the U.S. Corn Belt
Creators: name: Vado, Ligia
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Vado, Ligia
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: Favorable weather and the adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) corn hybrids are often argued to be factors that explain recent corn yield increases and risk reduction in the U.S. Corn Belt. The focus of this analysis is to determine whether favorable weather is the main factor explaining increased and more stable yields or if biotechnology adoption is the more relevant driving force. The hypothesis that recent biotechnology advances have increased yields and reduced risks by making corn more resistant to pests, pesticides, and/or drought is tested. Fixed effects models of yields and crop insurance losses as functions of weather variables and genetically modified corn adoption rates are estimated taking into account the non-linear agronomic response of crop yields to weather. Preliminary results show that genetically modified corn adoption rates, especially insect- resistant corn adoption, have had a significant and positive effect on average corn yields in the U.S. Corn Belt over the last years. Furthermore, genetically modified corn adoption has not only increased corn's tolerance to extreme heat but has also improved corn's tolerance to excessive and insufficient rainfall.
Equivalence of Tripartite Quantum States under Local Unitary Transformations
Creators: name: Albeverio, Sergio
name: Cattaneo, Laura
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Wang, Xiao-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equivalence of tripartite pure states under local unitary transformations is investigated. The nonlocal properties for a class of tripartite quantum states in $\Cb^K \otimes \Cb^M \otimes \Cb^N$ composite systems are investigated and a complete set of invariants under local unitary transformations for these states is presented. It is shown that two of these states are locally equivalent if and only if all these invariants have the same values.
description: 7 pages
Demonstrating 100 Gbps in and out of the public Clouds
Creators: name: Sfiligoi, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is increased awareness and recognition that public Cloud providers do provide capabilities not found elsewhere, with elasticity being a major driver. The value of elastic scaling is however tightly coupled to the capabilities of the networks that connect all involved resources, both in the public Clouds and at the various research institutions. This paper presents results of measurements involving file transfers inside public Cloud providers, fetching data from on-prem resources into public Cloud instances and fetching data from public Cloud storage into on-prem nodes. The networking of the three major Cloud providers, namely Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and the Google Cloud Platform, has been benchmarked. The on-prem nodes were managed by either the Pacific Research Platform or located at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. The observed sustained throughput was of the order of 100 Gbps in all the tests moving data in and out of the public Clouds and throughput reaching into the Tbps range for data movements inside the public Cloud providers themselves. All the tests used HTTP as the transfer protocol.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Survey # 1008
Creators: name: Institut Für Demoskopie Allensbach
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Watching television (2); TV needing improvements (1); TV as good or bad thing (1); negative aspects of TV (1); commercials on TV (1); quality of evening programs (1); agreement with TV program statements (15); retirement age (1); daily free time hours (2); support for Konrad Adenauer's policies (2); atomic bomb tests as health hazards (1); American-Russian nuclear ban agreement (2); depressed about nuclear weapons (1); equipping army with nuclear weapons (1); picturing atomic bomb effects (1); Erich Ollenhauer (2); hair care and styling habits (48); son becoming cigarette salesman (1); smoking habits (5); recognition of cigarette brands (1); public holidays (1); personal resilience (2); Christian Democratic Union (3).
CO adsorption on Cu(111) and Cu(001) surfaces: improving site preference in DFT calculations
Creators: name: Gajdos, M.
name: Hafner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO adsorption on Cu(111) and Cu(001) surfaces has been studied within ab-initio density functional theory (DFT). The structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of the adsorbate-substrate complex have been calculated. Calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) predict adsorption in the threefold hollow on Cu(111) and in the bridge-site on Cu(001), instead of on-top as found experimentally. It is demonstrated that the correct site preference is achieved if the underestimation of the HOMO-LUMO gap of CO characteristic for DFT is correct by applying a molecular DFT+U approach. The DFT+U approach also produces good agreement with the experimentally measured adsorption energies, while introducing only small changes in the calculated geometrical and vibrational properties further improving agreement with experiment which is fair already at the GGA level.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Surf. Sci., WWW: http://cms.mpi.univie.ac.at/mgajdos/
Detecting Latency Degradation Patterns in Service-based Systems
Creators: name: Cortellessa, Vittorio
name: Traini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5; D.2.8

description: Performance in heterogeneous service-based systems shows non-determistic trends. Even for the same request type, latency may vary from one request to another. These variations can occur due to several reasons on different levels of the software stack: operating system, network, software libraries, application code or others. Furthermore, a request may involve several Remote Procedure Calls (RPC), where each call can be subject to performance variation. Performance analysts inspect distributed traces and seek for recurrent patterns in trace attributes, such as RPCs execution time, in order to cluster traces in which variations may be induced by the same cause. Clustering "similar" traces is a prerequisite for effective performance debugging. Given the scale of the problem, such activity can be tedious and expensive. In this paper, we present an automated approach that detects relevant RPCs execution time patterns associated to request latency degradation, i.e. latency degradation patterns. The presented approach is based on a genetic search algorithm driven by an information retrieval relevance metric and an optimized fitness evaluation. Each latency degradation pattern identifies a cluster of requests subject to latency degradation with similar patterns in RPCs execution time. We show on a microservice-based application case study that the proposed approach can effectively detect clusters identified by artificially injected latency degradation patterns. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms in terms of F-score a state-of-art approach for latency profile analysis and widely popular machine learning clustering algorithms. We also show how our approach can be easily extended to trace attributes other than RPC execution time (e.g. HTTP headers, execution node, etc.).
Quantum whistling in superfluid 4He
Creators: name: Hoskinson, E.
name: Packard, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental considerations predict that macroscopic quantum systems such as superfluids and the electrons in superconductors will exhibit oscillatory motion when pushed through a small constriction. Here we report the observation of these oscillations between two reservoirs of superfluid 4He partitioned by an array of nanometer-sized apertures. They obey the Josephson frequency equation and are coherent amongst all the apertures. This discovery at the relatively high temperature of 2K (2000 times higher than related phenomena in 3He) may pave the way for a new class of practical rotation sensors of unprecedented precision.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Nature
Additional file 1 of Population genomics of Vibrionaceae isolated from an endangered oasis reveals local adaptation after an environmental perturbation
Creators: name: Vázquez-Rosas-Landa, Mirna
name: Ponce-Soto, Gabriel Yaxal
name: Jonás A. Aguirre-Liguori
name: Shalabh Thakur
name: Scheinvar, Enrique
name: Barrera-Redondo, Josué
name: Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique
name: Guttman, David S.
name: Eguiarte, Luis E.
name: Souza, Valeria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Nutrient measures across sampled points. Table S2. Ratio of nutrients concentrations. Table S3. RDP classification of partial 16S rRNA. Table S5. General information of the 42 Vibrionaceae genomes and 5 references used in this study. Table S6. Results of the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis (see methods) using 452 BUSCOS of 721 species of the Gamma-proteobacteria database. Table S9. GO terms enriched at the unique genes of each clade. Figure S1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 16S RNA sequences. Figure S2. AdaptML analysis. Figure S3. Random analysis of alpha values within each clade. Figure S4. Analysis of structure of Clade II. Figure S5. Frequency of recombination events. Figure S6. Recombination events across a whole genome alignment. Figure S7. UPGMA and membership of the CCB strains.
Red thick disks of nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Mould, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edge on systems reveal the properties of disk galaxies as a function of height, z, above the plane. Four local edge-on galaxies, that are close enough to have been resolved into stars by the Hubble Space Telescope, show thick disks, composed of a red stellar population, which is old and relatively metal rich. Color gradients, d(V-I)/dz, are zero or slightly positive. Favored models may have an explicit thick disk formation phase.
Computation of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy using statistitical mechanics: Application of an exchange Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Sasa, Shin-ichi
name: Hayashi, Kumiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for computing the Kolmogorov-Sinai (KS) entropy of chaotic systems. In this method, the KS entropy is expressed as a statistical average over the canonical ensemble for a Hamiltonian with many ground states. This Hamiltonian is constructed directly from an evolution equation that exhibits chaotic dynamics. As an example, we compute the KS entropy for a chaotic repeller by evaluating the thermodynamic entropy of a system with many ground states.
description: 7 pages
Pilot study of drug therapy decision making through instant group conferencing
Creators: name: Esmail, Laura Caroline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objective: To develop and pilot test the feasibility and usefulness of a drug therapy decision support system aimed to influence general medical practitioners' (GPs) drug therapy decision-making at the time of patient care. Sample: Over 6 months, 13 GPs and 3 clinical pharmacists (CPs) from ambulatory medical practice sites across British Columbia participated in the study. Methodology: GPs had immediate access to a network of CPs and other GPs through cellular telephone-based instant group conferencing. GPs initiated instant conference calls when faced with complex drug-related patient cases. The system contacted all participants on the network simultaneously. GPs and CPs accepting the call participated in a brief teleconference (mean, 3min 42sec; range, lmin 22sec - 9min 33sec), discussed the case and provided decision support. Conference calls were recorded and cellular telephone bills provided data on study calls. GPs completed impact assessment questionnaires after each call initiated, indicating the impact of the conference on their patient care decision. Exit questionnaires assessed perceived system advantages and limitations. System feasibility and usefulness was determined through quantitative and qualitative analysis of 1) call frequency, duration, 2) impact assessment questionnaires and 3) exit questionnaires. Results: Participants initiated 59 calls. Forty-three of 59 calls (72.9%) were answered by another participant. Twenty-three of 43 calls involved 2 participants, 14 (32.6%) involved 3 participants and 6 (14%) involved 3 or more participants. Twenty-nine of 34 impact assessment forms (85.3%) stated the call assisted them in making their patient care decision. Six of 13 participants (46.2%) agreed this was a feasible system. Eight participants (61.5%) agreed this was a useful system. Main system issues were technical problems and recruitment and retention of both GPs and CPs. Conclusion: Cellular telephone-based instant group conferencing between GPs and CPs is a useful method for influencing drug therapy decisions at the time of patient care. The feasibility of this system is difficult to fully assess at this early stage of system development. If recommendations are implemented in the next phase of research, the system will likely have enhanced feasibility. Recommendations include simplifying the technology and increasing the sample size of GPs and CPs.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON US AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Thomson, Allison M.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Thomson, Allison M.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: crop yields
subject: EPIC
subject: FASOM

description: There is general consensus in the scientific literature that human-induced climate change has taken place and will continue to do so over the next century. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes with “very high confidence” that anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation have affected the global climate. The AR4 also indicates that global average temperatures are expected to increase by another 1.1°C to 5.4°C by 2100, depending on the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases that takes place during this time. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, temperature increases, altered precipitation patterns and other factors influenced by climate have already begun to impact U.S. agriculture. Climate change will continue to have significant effects on U.S. agriculture, water resources, land resources, and biodiversity in the future as temperature extremes begin exceeding thresholds that harm crop growth more frequently and precipitation and runoff patterns continue to change. In this study, we provide an assessment of the potential long-term implications of climate change on landowner decisions regarding land use, crop mix, and production practices in the U.S., combining a crop process model (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model) and an economic model of the U.S. forestry and agricultural sector (Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model). Agricultural producers have always faced numerous production and price risks, but forecasts of more rapid changes in climatic conditions in the future have raised concerns that these risks will increase in the future relative to historical conditions.
Chance-Constrained Model Predictive Control A reformulated approach suitable for sewer networks
Creators: name: Svensen, Jan Lorenz
name: Niemann, Hans Henrik
name: Falk, Anne Katrine Vinther
name: Poulsen, Niels Kjølstad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93B45, 93E20

description: In this work, a revised formulation of Chance-Constrained (CC) Model Predictive Control (MPC) is presented. The focus of this work is on the mathematical formulation of the revised CC-MPC, and the reason behind the need for its revision. The revised formulation is given in the context of sewer systems, and their weir overflow structures. A linear sewer model of the Astlingen Benchmark sewer model is utilized to illustrate the application of the formulation, both mathematically and performance-wise through simulations. Based on the simulations, a comparison of performance is done between the revised CC-MPC and a comparable deterministic MPC, with a focus on overflow avoidance, computation time, and operational behavior. The simulations show similar performance for overflow avoidance for both types of MPC, while the computation time increases slightly for the CC-MPC, together with operational behaviors getting limited
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, submitted to journal of Advanced Control and Application, july 2020
Additional file 1 of Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α reduces lipid droplets by upregulating neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 in macrophages
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Hiroshi
name: Tokunaga, Riki
name: Katayama, Miyu
name: Hosoda, Yuichiro
name: Miya, Kaoruko
name: Sumi, Kento
name: Ohishi, Ami
name: Kamishikiryo, Jun
name: Akiho Shima
name: Michihara, Akihiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study.
MODELING ALTERNATIVE POLICIES FOR GHG MITIGATION FROM FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rose, Steven K.
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rose, Steven K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Climate policy
subject: energy policy
subject: FASOMGHG
subject: GHG mitigation

description: A key consideration for development of energy and climate policy affecting the forestry and agricultural sectors is that the selection of specific mechanisms implemented to achieve bioenergy production and/or greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets may have substantial effects on landowner incentives to adopt alternative practices. For instance, the prices of allowances and offsets are expected to diverge under some policies being considered where there is a binding cap on the quantity of offsets from the agricultural and forest sectors. In addition, provisions that limit or exclude specific practices from receiving carbon payments will affect the quantity and cost of GHG mitigation opportunities available. In this study, the recently updated Forest and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model with GHGs (FASOMGHG) was used to estimate GHG mitigation potential for private land in the contiguous U.S. under a variety of GHG price policies. Model scenarios suggest that U.S. forestry and agriculture could provide mitigation of 200 – 1000 megatons carbon dioxide equivalent per year (Mt CO2e/year) at carbon prices of $15 to $50/tCO2e. Binding limits on offsets have increasingly large effects on both the total magnitude and distribution of GHG mitigation across options over time. In addition, discounting or excluding payments for forest sinks can reduce annualized land-based mitigation potential 37-90 percent relative to the full eligibility scenario whereas discounting or excluding agricultural practices reduces mitigation potential by less than 10 percent.
Using Charge Asymmetries to Measure Single Top Quark Production at the LHC
Creators: name: Bowen, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak production of single top quarks is an as-yet-unverified prediction of the Standard model, potentially sensitive to new physics. Two of the single top quark productions channels have significant charge asymmetries at the LHC, while the much larger background from $t\bar{t}$ is nearly charge-symmetric. This can be used to reduce systematic uncertainties and make precision measurements of single top quark production.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Quantum state merging and negative information
Creators: name: Horodecki, Michal
name: Oppenheim, Jonathan
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum state shared between many distant locations, and define a quantum information processing primitive, state merging, that optimally merges the state into one location. As announced in [Horodecki, Oppenheim, Winter, Nature 436, 673 (2005)], the optimal entanglement cost of this task is the conditional entropy if classical communication is free. Since this quantity can be negative, and the state merging rate measures partial quantum information, we find that quantum information can be negative. The classical communication rate also has a minimum rate: a certain quantum mutual information. State merging enabled one to solve a number of open problems: distributed quantum data compression, quantum coding with side information at the decoder and sender, multi-party entanglement of assistance, and the capacity of the quantum multiple access channel. It also provides an operational proof of strong subadditivity. Here, we give precise definitions and prove these results rigorously.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION TRADING IN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS IN YEAR 2020
Creators: name: Dominguez, Ignacio Perez
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Dominguez, Ignacio Perez
name: Britz, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Copenhagen agreement
subject: effort sharing agreement
subject: agricultural policy
subject: economic modelling
subject: tradable emission permits

description: In this paper the agricultural sector model CAPRI is expanded to cover non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources in Europe and policy instruments for their reduction. A stylised spatial trade model for emission permits is methodologically described and applied to the assessment of three potential policy alternatives for enforcing emission reductions from European agriculture: the EU ‘effort sharing agreement’, an EU-wide emission trading scheme between regions inside each Member State and, finally, an EUwide emission trading scheme between all European regions. This paper builds in the experience accumulated by Pérez Domínguez et al. (2010) and provides a through review of the underlying methodology, a expansion of emission sources and a larger projection line (year 2020). Results shows the importance of selecting an adequate combination of instruments of emission abatement for the design of efficient emission reduction policies.
Адміністративно-правові основи інформатизації органів публічної влади
Creators: name: Крамар, Р. І.
name: Борщевський., З. А
name: Чучман, О. А.
name: Проданчук, В. П.
name: Хміль, Ю. З.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: інформатизація, діджиталізація, відкритість влади, електронне урядування, публічне управління, європейські стандарти, органи публічної влади, інновації

description: Дана наукова стаття присячена темі інформатизації, її окремого місця як засобу розвитку та розбудови органів публічної влади через призму зниження корупційних ризиків, уникнення встановлення бар’єру між державними службовцями та громадянами та економії адміністративного ресурсу. Наукова робота досліджує питання основ, на яких базуються фундаменатльні засади розвитку електронного уряду та врядування, їх впровадження у роботу органів державної влади в цілому та суб’єктів владних повноважень зокрема. Також, стаття акценує увагу на вже існуючих надбаннях держави у даній сфері та на можливих шляхах та концепціях розвитку подальшої інформатизації держави у майбутньому, використовуючи прогресивний іноземний досвід. Стаття розкриває основні засади адміністративно-правового регулювання ходу інформатизації в Україні, її можливі переваги на фоні більш класичної моделі управління та адміністрування.
Additional file 1 of Modulation of Magnetoresistance Polarity in BLG/SL-MoSe2 Heterostacks
Creators: name: Khan, Muhammad Farooq
name: Rehman, Shania
name: Rehman, Malik Abdul
name: Basit, Muhammad Abdul
name: Deok-Kee Kim
name: Ahmed, Faisal
name: H. M. Waseem Khalil
name: Imtisal Akhtar
name: Jun, Seong Chan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Note 1. Fabrication of hole through wafers. Supplementary Note 2. Schematic illustration of device fabrication for hole. Figure S1. Characterizations of suspended graphene structure. (a) The Raman spectrum of bilayer suspended graphene. The small D peak is observed which attributed to strain effect and is normal in suspended graphene. (b) After FMs depositions the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of final device from top side. Figure S2. (a) The AFM image of single layer MoSe2 flake is taken on substrate. (b) The height profile corresponding to thin MoSe2 shows single layer as the thickness of our flake is very close to reported value (~0.77 nm). (c) The Raman spectrum of single layer MoSe2 on supported region. The A1g and E12g peaks are observed around ~240.6 and 286.4 cm-1 which is also sign of single layer MoSe2. Figure S3. (a) Schematic drawing of graphene FETs with Co and NiFe doping. (b) The resistivity vs back gate, Dirac measurements. (c) The RA of the junction devices before and after annealing. The resistance of all devices is reduced after annealing. Figure S4. The MR (%) values at different temperature for all type of devices after annealing by keeping current I = 10 μA.
An analysis of contemporary approaches to planning for food security in Canada : essential interdependence
Creators: name: Boeckner, Amy Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In Canada, in the late 1990s, food security was officially recognized as a national and international problem by the federal government with the formulation of Canada's Action Plan for Food Security. It was a notable admission; however, the difficulty is that despite voiced commitment, official approaches to and understandings of food security are inconsistent at best. In this context the purpose of the research is to evaluate contemporary approaches to domestic planning for food security in Canada at the federal level. I specifically analyze Canada's Action Plan for Food Security. The data derived and information collected are based on a review of relevant literature, qualitative content analysis of key government documents and the proceedings of a national conference, and semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable experts, within and outside of government, across Canada. I compared the case study to a set of substantive and procedural criteria constructed from a review of the literature on food security and planning. I found that while on the surface there is genuine merit in Canada's Action Plan for Food Security, the state's approach to planning for food security as formulated, structured and executed is severely deficient in its excessive reliance on market forces. The notion that food security can be achieved at the 'flick of a button' (Pottier 1999) persists and there is little to no indication that food security is a priority for government. I conclude that so long as the dominant hierarchy of values persists much of what matters to life is vulnerable to erasure because prevailing market-based thinking cannot adequately value or protect life, human or ecological. Indeed, food security is as much about values and choices as it is about factors of production. The fact that food security remains a problem is significant evidence that collectively we have not dealt well with being human.