cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Luminous Satellites II: Spatial Distribution, Luminosity Function and Cosmic Evolution
Creators: name: Nierenberg, A. M.
name: Auger, M. W.
name: Treu, T.
name: Marshall, P. J.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Busha, Michael T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We infer the normalization and the radial and angular distributions of the number density of satellites of massive galaxies ($\log_{10}[M_{h}^*/M\odot]>10.5$) between redshifts 0.1 and 0.8 as a function of host stellar mass, redshift, morphology and satellite luminosity. Exploiting the depth and resolution of the COSMOS HST images, we detect satellites up to eight magnitudes fainter than the host galaxies and as close as 0.3 (1.4) arcseconds (kpc). Describing the number density profile of satellite galaxies to be a projected power law such that $P(R)\propto R^{\rpower}$, we find $\rpower=-1.1\pm 0.3$. We find no dependency of $\rpower$ on host stellar mass, redshift, morphology or satellite luminosity. Satellites of early-type hosts have angular distributions that are more flattened than the host light profile and are aligned with its major axis. No significant average alignment is detected for satellites of late-type hosts. The number of satellites within a fixed magnitude contrast from a host galaxy is dependent on its stellar mass, with more massive galaxies hosting significantly more satellites. Furthermore, high-mass late-type hosts have significantly fewer satellites than early-type galaxies of the same stellar mass, likely a result of environmental differences. No significant evolution in the number of satellites per host is detected. The cumulative luminosity function of satellites is qualitatively in good agreement with that predicted using subhalo abundance matching techniques. However, there are significant residual discrepancies in the absolute normalization, suggesting that properties other than the host galaxy luminosity or stellar mass determine the number of satellites.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age
Creators: name: Costa, Kassandra Maria
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Ren, H.
name: Sigman, D. M.
name: Winckler, Gisela
name: Fleisher, Martin Q.
name: Marcantonio, F.
name: Ravelo, A. Christina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Paleoceanography
Glacial epoch
Iron

description: The equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the major high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions in the global ocean. In such regions, the consumption of the available macro-nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate is thought to be limited in part by the low abundance of the critical micro-nutrient iron1. Greater atmospheric dust deposition2 could have fertilized the equatorial Pacific with iron during the last ice age—the Last Glacial Period (LGP) but the effect of increased ice-age dust fluxes on primary productivity in the equatorial Pacific remains uncertain. Here we present meridional transects of dust (derived from the 232Th proxy), phytoplankton productivity (using opal, 231Pa/230Th and excess Ba), and the degree of nitrate consumption (using foraminifera-bound δ15N) from six cores in the central equatorial Pacific for the Holocene (0–10,000 years ago) and the LGP (17,000–27,000 years ago). We find that, although dust deposition in the central equatorial Pacific was two to three times greater in the LGP than in the Holocene, productivity was the same or lower, and the degree of nitrate consumption was the same. These biogeochemical findings suggest that the relatively greater ice-age dust fluxes were not large enough to provide substantial iron fertilization to the central equatorial Pacific. This may have been because the absolute rate of dust deposition in the LGP (although greater than the Holocene rate) was very low. The lower productivity coupled with unchanged nitrate consumption suggests that the subsurface major nutrient concentrations were lower in the central equatorial Pacific during the LGP. As these nutrients are today dominantly sourced from the Subantarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, we propose that the central equatorial Pacific data are consistent with more nutrient consumption in the Subantarctic Zone, possibly owing to iron fertilization as a result of higher absolute dust fluxes in this region7,8. Thus, ice-age iron fertilization in the Subantarctic Zone would have ultimately worked to lower, not raise, equatorial Pacific productivity.
Factorization and NNLL Resummation for Higgs Production with a Jet Veto
Creators: name: Becher, Thomas
name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using methods of effective field theory, we derive the first all-order factorization theorem for the Higgs-boson production cross section with a jet veto, imposed by means of a standard sequential recombination jet algorithm. Like in the case of small-q_T resummation in Drell-Yan and Higgs production, the factorization is affected by a collinear anomaly. Our analysis provides the basis for a systematic resummation of large logarithms log(m_H/p_T^veto) beyond leading-logarithmic order. Specifically, we present predictions for the resummed jet-veto cross section and efficiency at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. Our results have important implications for Higgs-boson searches at the LHC, where a jet veto is required to suppress background events.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures; v2: published version; note added in proof
A timeline for the introduction of synthetic dyestuffs in Japan during the late Edo and Meiji periods
Creators: name: Cesaratto, Anna
name: Luo, Yan-Bing
name: Smith II, Henry D.
name: Leona, Marco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Color prints, Japanese--Meiji period
Color prints, Japanese--Edo period
Dyes and dyeing
Chromolithography
Coal-tar colors

description: A widespread belief among scholars and connoisseurs of the Japanese color woodblock print (nishiki-e) holds that synthetic dyes were imported from the West in the 1860s, and soon came to be used for all nishiki-e colorants during the Meiji period. These “cheap imported aniline dyes” are widely described as “gaudy”, “garish”, and “strident”, and thought to stand in sharp contrast to more muted “natural” colorants that preceded them. This study calls this narrative into question through an analysis of the colorants of nishiki-e from 1860 until 1900, using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with micro-Raman, XRF and fiber optic reflectance spectroscopies. The results show that the introduction of synthetic dyes was gradual and selective, and that most of the customary colorants of the late Edo period continued in use. The results revealed a series of key turning points after 1860: (1) In 1864, the purple dye rosaniline became the first synthetic dye to be used in nishiki-e, at first in combination with Prussian blue for a more bluish color. From 1875, it was usually mixed or replaced with methyl violet for a stronger purple. (2) In early 1869, a dramatic and until recently unrecognized transition took place, from the longstanding use of safflower as the dominant red, to its total replacement by imported cochineal carmine. Carmine remained the primary red for the next two decades, often combined with vermillion. (3) In 1877, eosine appeared as the first synthetic red dye in nishiki-e, used alone for pink, and in mixture with carmine for red. (4) Finally, from 1889, a succession of red naphthol dyes of more striking color appeared. Just about this time, however, a tendency to more restrained use of color and more painterly effects began to emerge in nishiki-e, and with the exception of a burst of dynamic color in prints depicting the Sino–Japanese War (1894–95), the uses of strong colors in Meiji prints receded. A final key finding is that colorants were often combined, either through mixture in a bowl or on the printing block, or by two-step overprinting.
Removing Infragravity-Wave-Induced Noise from Ocean-Bottom Seismographs (OBS) Data Deployed Offshore of Taiwan
Creators: name: Kuo, Ban-Yuan
name: Webb, Spahr C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ocean bottom
Seismic waves--Measurement
Seismology--Data processing
Seismology--Instruments

description: Vertical ocean-bottom seismograph (OBS) data at frequencies below 0.05 Hz are contaminated by noise induced by infragravity waves. We constructed the transfer function between pressure and velocity data from OBSs deployed in Taiwan waters to remove the wave pressure-induced noise from seismic recordings. Data were analyzed from five portable broadband OBSs deployed each for 10 months at water depths from 1740 to 4600 m and from a cabled, shallow-buried seismograph (EOS1) installed on the seafloor at 300 m depth. Removing long-period noise from these OBS data improves the identification of teleseismic phases such as P, S, SS, Pdiff , and PKIKP that are otherwise ambiguous or unidentifiable. For EOS1, infragravity-wave signals completely mask the P and S waveforms in the 10–50 s period band suitable for centroid moment tensor (CMT) solutions for most of the local events. Application of the transfer functions to predict and remove wave deformation yielded clean prominent P and S waveforms at these periods and aided in the CMT determination for small events jointly with land stations. The relative amplitudes of the wave-number-normalized transfer function for some of the OBSs are mostly determined by the thickness of the sediment at the OBS site.
Multi-Speeds solitary waves solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems
Creators: name: Ianni, Isabella
name: Coz, Stefan Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the existence of a new type of solutions to a nonlinear Schrödinger system. These solutions, which we call "multi-speeds solitary waves", are behaving at large time as a couple of scalar solitary waves traveling at different speeds. The proof relies on the construction of approximations of the multi-speeds solitary waves by solving the system backwards in time and using energy methods to obtain uniform estimates.
Providing Broader Sixth Amendment Protections: We Can Afford to Give Indigent Defendants More
Creators: name: Rogers, Shane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public defenders
subject: Fair trial
subject: Criminal justice, Administration of
subject: Discrimination in criminal justice administration

description: Though the Framers intended for the Sixth Amendment to secure criminal defendants’ right to a fair trial by providing them with the right to effective assistance of counsel, the full right to effective assistance of counsel is not currently guaranteed. A recent Sixth Circuit case, Turner v. United States, held that a defendant does not have the right to effective assistance of counsel until the right to counsel attaches. This is troubling given that in Turner, the defendant, John Turner, received a sentence ten years greater than the sentence he would have received but for his state counsel’s ineffectiveness. The Sixth Circuit rejected Turner’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim because under current jurisprudence, the right to counsel has a bright-line rule: it does not attach until an indictment is brought or the defendant is brought before a judge. Turner’s attorney for his state case negotiated a plea deal with federal prosecutors before a federal indictment was brought, and therefore, the right to counsel did not attach in the federal case. Thus, Turner did not have the right to effective assistance of counsel. This tension between ineffective assistance of counsel and when the right to such counsel attaches is striking: it deprives criminal defendants of a Sixth Amendment right. Courts can resolve this tension, however, by recognizing that (1) effective assistance of counsel is an independent Sixth Amendment right; (2) the right to counsel raises different administrative and fairness concerns than effective assistance of counsel; and (3) courts apply the different strands of the Sixth Amendment independently, differently, and respective of the concerns the particular case raises. Furthermore, courts should promptly resolve this tension because the racial disparity in outcomes indicates that Turner situations will fall unevenly along poor and minority lines. The Sixth Amendment will not completely and effectively fulfill its purpose of guaranteeing criminal defendants the right to effective assistance of counsel unless it is properly interpreted to protect defendants like John Turner.
The DFR property for counting processes stopped at an independent random time
Creators: name: Badía, F. G.
name: Sangüesa, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62E10 (Primary) 60E15 (Secondary)

description: In the present paper we consider general counting processes stopped at a random time $T$, independent of the process. Provided that $T$ has the decreasing failure rate (DFR) property, we give sufficient conditions on the arrival times so that the number of events occurring before $T$ preserves the DFR property of $T$. In particular, when the interarrival times are independent, we consider applications concerning the DFR property of the stationary number of customers waiting in queue for specific queuing models.
description: Some changes made in the general results with respect to the previous version. Main result is now Theorem 3.1
Slow slip near the trench at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand
Creators: name: Wallace, Laura M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Ocean bottom
Subduction zones

description: The range of fault slip behaviors near the trench at subduction plate boundaries is critical to know, as this is where the world’s largest, most damaging tsunamis are generated. Our knowledge of these behaviors has remained largely incomplete, partially due to the challenging nature of crustal deformation measurements at offshore plate boundaries. Here we present detailed seafloor deformation observations made during an offshore slow-slip event (SSE) in September and October 2014, using a network of absolute pressure gauges deployed at the Hikurangi subduction margin offshore New Zealand. These data show the distribution of vertical seafloor deformation during the SSE and reveal direct evidence for SSEs occurring close to the trench (within 2 kilometers of the seafloor), where very low temperatures and pressures exist.
On the existence of curves with $A_k$-singularities on $K3$-surfaces
Creators: name: Galati, Concettina
name: Knutsen, Andreas Leopold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $(S,H)$ be a general primitively polarized $K3$ surface. We prove the existence of curves in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with $A_k$-singularities and corresponding to regular points of the equisingular deformation locus. Our result is optimal for $n=1$. As a corollary, we get the existence of elliptic curves in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with a cusp and nodes or a simple tacnode and nodes. We obtain our result by studying the versal deformation family of the $m$-tacnode. Finally, we give a regularity condition for families of curves with only $A_k$-singularities in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|.$
description: 26 pages. Final version incorporating the referee's suggestions and corrections. The exposition has been ultimately improved in Sections 3 and 4. To appear on Math. Res. Lett
Seasonal Noise Versus Subseasonal Signal: Forecasts of California Precipitation During the Unusual Winters of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017
Creators: name: Wang, Shuguang
name: Anichowski, Alek J.
name: Tippett, Michael K.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Columbia University. Applied Physics And Applied Mathematics
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Precipitation variability
Atmospherics
Atmospheric physics
Environmental sciences
Weather forecasting

description: Subseasonal forecasts of California precipitation during the unusual winters of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 are examined in this study. It is shown that two different ensemble forecast systems were able to predict monthly precipitation anomalies in California during these periods with some skill in forecasts initialized near or at the start of the month. The unexpected anomalies in February 2016, as well as in January and February 2017, were associated with shifts in the position of the jet stream over the northeast Pacific in a manner broadly consistent with associations found in larger ensembles of forecasts. These results support the broader notion that what is unpredictable atmospheric noise at the seasonal time scale can become predictable signal at the subseasonal time scale, despite that the lead times and verification averaging times associated with these forecasts are outside the predictability horizons of canonical midrange weather forecasting.
Computing Tropical Linear Spaces
Creators: name: Rincón, Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define and study the cyclic Bergman fan of a matroid M, which is a simplicial polyhedral fan supported on the tropical linear space T(M) of M and is amenable to computational purposes. It slightly refines the nested set structure on T(M), and its rays are in bijection with flats of M which are either cyclic flats or singletons. We give a fast algorithm for calculating it, making some computational applications of tropical geometry now viable. Our C++ implementation, called TropLi, and a tool for computing vertices of Newton polytopes of A-discriminants, are both available online.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. Added a few examples and made some minor corrections
Are Picked-up Losers Really Losers?: Evidence from Scrapping Policies  in the Japanese Spinning Industry, 1965-79
Creators: name: Korenaga, Takafumi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Industrial policy
Trade regulation
Industrial equipment
Spinning
Textile industry

description: Scrapping policy induces or forces firms to dismantle and dispose of “excessive” machines, and was a typical policy tool for depressed or declining industries in postwar Japan. This paper examines the effects of this policy on the Japanese spinning industry from 1965-79 using firm-level data. After clarifying features in the policy scheme, I first calculated the productivity and (capital) profitability of a specified machine targeted by the scrapping policy by estimating the production function with data from the production stage. Then, several forms of (dis)investment functions were estimated to examine the direct effect on investment under policy implementation and the indirect effect on post-policy investment through the firm’s revelation of the expected long-term return on investment. The former effect crucially depended upon whether scrapping was compulsory or voluntary, as well as on the coverage of targeted machines. Compulsory scrapping distorted a firm’s investment decisions more than voluntary scrapping. Regarding the latter effect, firms picked up by voluntary scrapping in a certain period were shown to be losers still investing less or disinvesting in the post- treatment period. Firm exits also had a certain role in cutting down the unprofitable machines. Distortions by another related policy (a scrap-and-build constraint on investment) was also observed. As a result, this skillfully-designed policy scheme was, on the whole, far from a welfare-enhancing scheme.
Additional file 1 of Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis reveal the key physiological processes in seed germination stimulated by decreased salinity in the seagrass Zostera marina L.
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Yue, Shidong
name: Liu, Mingjie
name: Wang, Xinhua
name: Xu, Shaochun
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Zhou, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material: Table S1. Upregulated Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) identified in main carbohydrate metabolism pathways in pre-germination stage (DoS vs. DeS). Table S2. Upregulated Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) identified in main carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways in the germination stage (DeS vs. GeS). Table S3. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) identified in plant hormone signal transduction pathway (map04075) in the pre-germination stage. Table S4. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) identified in plant hormone signal transduction pathway (map04075) in the germination stage. Table S5. Primer sequences of RT-qPCR.
Ideational grammatical metaphor in scientific texts: a Hallidayan perspective
Creators: name: Kazemian, Bahram
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Language
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 130204 English and Literacy Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. LOTE, ESL and TESOL)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Scientific Texts are generally concentrated on highly technical terms, and they are troublesome to understand due to their complexity in forms and meanings. Grammatical metaphor is divided into two broad areas: ideational and interpersonal. This paper focuses on the first type i.e. Ideational Grammatical Metaphor, which includes process types and nominalization. This paper adopts Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar to pinpoint and analyze nominalization and the role played by it. With a corpus of 10 authentic scientific texts drawn from very influential magazines, the analysis is conducted based on nominalization, its frequency and process types. The analysis displays that Ideational Grammatical Metaphor has permeated scientific texts and the prevailing process types are material and relational types. Consequently, the tone of the writing is more abstract, technical and formal. Instances of IGM In scientific writing enable technicality and rationality. Based on the findings of this study, some implications can be drawn for academic and scientific writing and reading as well as translators, students and instructors involved in writing and reading pedagogy.
A magasan kvalifikált fiatal munkavállalói csoportok elemzésének új megközelítési lehetősége: a prekariátus
Creators: name: R. Fedor, Anita
name: Fónai, Mihály
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 4. ISSN 2498-5368
Hamiltonian form and solitary waves of the spatial Dysthe equations
Creators: name: Fedele, Francesco
name: Dutykh, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial Dysthe equations describe the envelope evolution of the free-surface and potential of gravity waves in deep waters. Their Hamiltonian structure and new invariants are unveiled by means of a gauge transformation to a new canonical form of the evolution equations. An accurate Fourier-type spectral scheme is used to solve for the wave dynamics and validate the new conservation laws, which are satisfied up to machine precision. Traveling waves are numerically constructed using the Petviashvili method. It is shown that their collision appears inelastic, suggesting the non-integrability of the Dysthe equations.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.lama.univ-savoie.fr/~dutykh/
Engaging College Students in the Transition to Sustainability Through Design-Based Approaches
Creators: name: Mouchrek, Najla
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sustainable development
College students--Attitudes
User-centered system design
Education, Higher
Sustainable design

description: To achieve social change towards sustainable ways of living, it is essential to promote a culture of sustainability among young people. Universities have a very important role, as sustainable education on college campuses has the potential to achieve long-term results by promoting the development of awareness and skills for youth engagement in order to face complex challenges, now and in the future. This study investigates the application of design-based thinking and participatory design to support a culture of sustainability among youth. It aims to bridge the value-action gap and to develop sustainable competencies. Design-based strategies integrated within educational experiences promote dealing with change and complexity, as well as offering a range of potentialities and interfaces for innovative action in the transition to sustainability. This research used a qualitative multi-method approach which consisted of a literature review, context analysis, ethnographic observation, and application of participatory design in educational settings in Brazil and the United States. This paper summarizes preliminary findings, including guidelines for engagement strategies. These reinforce the importance of understanding values and challenges of youth development, exploring dimensions of sustainability connected to student realities, building contexts for transformation, stimulating empowerment and autonomy, and using mediation to facilitate change processes conducted by young people. These findings also demonstrate that design-based participatory approaches in educational settings offer excellent opportunities for intervention to both engage youth in sustainability and support their positive development.
High-Resolution Seafloor Absolute Pressure Gauge Measurements Using a Better Counting Method
Creators: name: Webb, Spahr C.
name: Nooner, Scott L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Oceanographic instruments
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Pressure--Measurement--Instruments
subject: Ocean bottom

description: Vibrating quartz force transducers are the critical component of most deep-sea pressure and depth gauges in use in oceanography, producing a frequency output that varies with pressure. Accurate and low drift pressure measurements can be obtained by precisely measuring this frequency. In most imple- mentations, the frequency is determined by counting the number of cycles of a high-frequency standard oscillator occurring during a large number of cycles of the lower-frequency quartz force oscillator. Res- olution is limited by the sampling interval (length of counting) and the frequency of the frequency stan- dard. Alternative counting methods can provide significant (20–40 dB) improvements in resolution at sampling rates above 1 Hz. Each counting method can be described as a different filter applied to the output of a counter of the frequency standard gated at each transition of the transducer quartz oscillator. Improvements in resolution can be understood as the result of minimizing the aliasing of higher-frequency counting noise into the spectrum below the Nyquist frequency. A simple multipole infinite impulse re- sponse (IIR) filter designed to limit spectral leakage of high-frequency noise minimizes the noise spectrum and thereby optimizes the resolution of the pressure output. The resultant noise spectrum rises as fre- quency squared above 1 Hz, independent of the sampling rate. At frequencies below 1 Hz, it is limited by noise in the electronics driving the force transducer quartz oscillator. Resolution increases with frequency of the frequency standard up to about 200 MHz, plateauing for higher frequencies due to other noise sources (likely electronic).
A method based on image segmentation for the analysis of the orientation of rod-like objects
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Image processing
Image segmentation
Orientation of segments

description: Here we show a method of image processing, which can be applied to the measurement of the orientation of rod-like objects. The method is based on an image segmentation recently developed and used for the analysis of micrographs.  The segmentation allows to determine specific objects in the image, the orientation of which can be measured with respect to the axes of the image frame. The orientation is determined by means of the elements of a matrix of inertia. Two lengths are associated to the elements of the diagonal of the matrix. Their ratio is giving the arctangent of an angle, between 0 and 90 degrees; the element outside the diagonal is giving the sign of this angle, which is measuring the orientation of segmented rod-like objects.
Modeling deep groundwater flow through fractured bedrock in a mountainous headwater catchment using a coupled surface water - groundwater model, Okanagan Basin, British Columbia
Creators: name: Voeckler, Hendrik Maximilian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Quantifying recharge to the mountain block from headwater catchments in snowmelt dominated upland mountainous regions is an important aspect of hydrologic studies. This study contributes to understanding of the interaction between surface water, soil water and deep groundwater flow in headwater catchments. A novel approach was developed for estimating the bedrock hydraulic conductivity of a regional-scale fractured bedrock aquifer using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling. The methodology was tested in the mountainous Okanagan Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Discrete fractures were mapped in outcrops, and larger-scale fracture zones (corresponding to lineaments) were mapped from orthophotos and LANDSAT imagery. Outcrop fracture data were used to generate DFN models for estimating hydraulic conductivity for the fractured matrix (Km). The mountain block hydraulic conductivity (Kmb) was estimated using larger-scale DFN models. Simulated Km and Kmb values range from 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ m/s, are consistent with estimates from regional modeling studies, and are greatest in a N-S direction, coinciding with the main strike direction of Okanagan Valley Fault Zone. Kmb values also decrease away from the fault, consistent with the decrease in lineament density. Simulated hydraulic conductivity values also compare well with those estimated from pumping tests. The estimates of Kmb were then used to represent the deep bedrock in a coupled surface water - groundwater model using MIKE SHE for the Upper Penticton Creek 241 headwater catchment in the Okanagan Basin. Although highly uncertain due to parameter uncertainty and calibration error, recharge to deep groundwater was ~4% of the annual water budget. An specified outward flux from the catchment boundary, representing ~6% of annual water budget, did not significantly impact streamflow calibration, indicating that such deep groundwater losses from the catchment can be accommodated in a model. This outflow may contribute to cross-catchment flow and, ultimately, to groundwater inflow to lower elevation catchments in the mountain block. The modeling exercise is one of the first in catchment hydrology modeling within steep mountainous terrain in which the lower boundary of the model is not treated as impermeable, and in which recharge to the deep bedrock and discharge to the surrounding mountain block were estimated.
Stepping Sustainably: The Potential Partnership Between Dance and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Mosko, Sadi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sustainable development
Sustainability
Dance
Science and the arts
Communication in science

description: Focusing specifically on dance, this study explores the relationship between the arts and sustainable development. Very little academic work has been conducted about artists’ role in sustainability, a field that is characterized by intersectionality and cross-disciplinary work. This paper seeks to begin to fill that research gap. It determines two ways that dance artists can interact with sustainability: the operations approach and the artistic approach. Highlighting four organizations — Arts Council England, Kidd Pivot, Eiko & Koma, and Vertigo Dance Company — that have made strides in these two approaches, the study concludes that dance could be a tool for sustainability advocates to better communicate material to non-scientific audiences. Introducing environmental material through dance or other artistic mediums is a way of reframing conversations so that they appeal to broader audiences and target different types of solutions. A true shift toward a sustainably minded society will come from many sources, including a shift in cultural values about consumption and humankind’s relationship to the natural world. Art is a driver and creator of culture. If combined effectively, the arts and sustainable development could help to shift our society in a sustainable direction.
Single--crossover recombination and ancestral recombination trees
Creators: name: Baake, Ellen
name: von Wangenheim, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D10, 60J28

description: We consider the Wright-Fisher model for a population of $N$ individuals, each identified with a sequence of a finite number of sites, and single-crossover recombination between them. We trace back the ancestry of single individuals from the present population. In the $N \to \infty$ limit without rescaling of parameters or time, this ancestral process is described by a random tree, whose branching events correspond to the splitting of the sequence due to recombination. With the help of a decomposition of the trees into subtrees, we calculate the probabilities of the topologies of the ancestral trees. At the same time, these probabilities lead to a semi-explicit solution of the deterministic single-crossover equation. The latter is a discrete-time dynamical system that emerges from the Wright-Fisher model via a law of large numbers and has been waiting for a solution for many decades.
description: J. Math. Biol., in press. 26 pages, 8 figures
Gender-specific profiles of adverse childhood experiences, past year mental and substance use disorders, and their associations among a national sample of adults in the United States
Creators: name: Cavanaugh, Courtenay E.
name: Petras, Hanno
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology
Mental health
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology

description: Purpose: This study examined profiles of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental and substance use disorders (MSUDs), and associations between distinct profiles of ACEs and MSUDs. Methods: Participants were adults (N = 34, 652) involved in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Latent class analysis was used to examine both profiles of ten ACEs and ten past year MSUDs. Dual latent class analysis regression was used to examine associations between profiles of ACEs and MSUDs. Given gender differences in ACEs and MSUDs, analyses were conducted separately for females and males. Results: Four profiles of ACEs and three profiles of MSUDs were selected for both genders. The four profiles of ACEs were characterized by the following probabilities: high multiple ACEs, high parental substance abuse, high childhood physical abuse, and low ACEs. The three profiles of MSUDs were characterized by the following probabilities: high multiple MSUDs for females and low MSUDs except alcohol use disorders for males, moderate-to-high major depressive episode, and low MSUDs. When compared to the low ACEs and MSUDs profiles, members in the higher ACEs profiles had 3.71–89.75 times greater odds of also being members in the higher MSUDs profiles. However, more than one-third of members in the high multiple ACEs profiles were also in the low MSUDs profiles. Conclusions: Study findings suggest four profiles of the ACEs widely studied as part of the Adverse Childhood Experiences study and risk and resilience for recent MSUDs among men and women nationally affected by ACEs.
From Housing to Health: Imagining Antidiscrimination Provisions for Menthol Cigarette Marketing
Creators: name: Li, Olivia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Cigarettes--Marketing
subject: African Americans
subject: Public health laws
subject: Discrimination

description: Smoking has been decreasing steadily over the past several decades, but advertisers still target some populations for cigarette consumption. Currently, almost nine out of ten African American smokers smoke mentholated cigarettes compared to only one in four White Americans. This disparity in use came about through decades of targeted marketing efforts on the part of tobacco companies. Mentholated cigarettes are more addictive than unflavored cigarettes and lead to more lifelong smoking. Because menthol smokers have a harder time quitting, civil rights and public health advocates have long viewed the marketing practices of menthol cigarette makers as a racial injustice. This Note substantiates this notion by comparing racially targeted marketing of menthol to the racial targeting practices in the subprime mortgage market. In housing crisis-era cases centered on Fair Housing Act claims, courts found that targeting minorities to purchase predatory home loans was a civil rights violation. Drawing on reverse redlining jurisprudence under the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, this Note proposes a statutory provision that would prohibit racially targeted marketing of mentholated cigarettes.
Excited Upsilon Radiative Decays
Creators: name: Lewis, Randy
name: Woloshyn, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bottomonium S-wave states were studied using lattice NRQCD. Masses of ground and excited states were calculated using multiexponential fitting to a set of correlation functions constructed using both local and wavefunction-smeared operators. Three-point functions for M1 transitions between vector and pseudoscalar states were computed. Robust signals for transitions involving the first two excited states were obtained. The qualitative features of the transition matrix elements are in agreement with expectations. The calculated values of matrix elements for Y(2S) and Y(3S) decay are considerably larger than values inferred from measured decay widths.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures, published version
Modeling the MJO in a cloud‐resolving model with parameterized large‐scale dynamics: Vertical structure, radiation, and horizontal advection of dry air
Creators: name: Wang, Shuguang
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Nie, Ji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Atmospheric physics
Madden-Julian oscillation
Dynamics
Cloud physics--Mathematical models
Meteorology
Precipitation (Meteorology)--Simulation methods

description: Two Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) events, observed during October and November 2011 in the equatorial Indian Ocean during the DYNAMO field campaign, are simulated in a limited‐area cloud‐resolving model using parameterized large‐scale dynamics. Three parameterizations of large‐scale dynamics—the conventional weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation, vertical mode‐based spectral WTG (SWTG), and damped gravity wave coupling (DGW)—are employed. A number of changes to the implementation of the large‐scale parameterizations, as well as the model itself, are made and lead to improvements in the results. Simulations using all three methods, with imposed time‐dependent radiation and horizontal moisture advection, capture the time variations in precipitation associated with the two MJO events well. The three methods produce significant differences in the large‐scale vertical motion profile, however. WTG produces the most top‐heavy profile, while DGW's is less so, and SWTG produces a profile between the two, and in better agreement with observations. Numerical experiments without horizontal advection of moisture suggest that that process significantly reduces the precipitation and suppresses the top‐heaviness of large‐scale vertical motion during the MJO active phases. Experiments in which a temporally constant radiative heating profile is used indicate that radiative feedbacks significantly amplify the MJO. Experiments in which interactive radiation is used produce agreement with observations that is much better than that achieved in previous work, though not as good as that with imposed time‐varying radiative heating. Our results highlight the importance of both horizontal advection of moisture and radiative feedbacks to the dynamics of the MJO.
Ultrastrong coupling of the cyclotron transition of a two-dimensional electron gas to a THz metamaterial
Creators: name: Scalari, Giacomo
name: Maissen, Curdin
name: Turcinková, Dana
name: Hagenmüller, David
name: De Liberato, Simone
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Reichl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Beck, Mattias
name: Faist, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial cavity photon resonators with ultrastrong light-matter interactions are attracting interest both in semiconductor and superconducting systems, due to the possibility of manipulating the cavity quantum electrodynamic ground state with controllable physical properties. We report here experiments showing ultrastrong light-matter coupling in a terahertz metamaterial where the cyclotron transition of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas is coupled to the photonic modes of an array of electronic split-ring resonators. We observe a normalized coupling ratio $\fracΩ{ω_c}=0.58$ between the vacuum Rabi frequency $Ω$ and the cyclotron frequency $ω_c$. Our system appears to be scalable in frequency and could be brought to the microwave spectral range with the potential of strongly controlling the magnetotransport properties of a high-mobility 2DEG.
The cosmic history of the spin of dark matter haloes within the large scale structure
Creators: name: Trowland, Holly E.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use N-body simulations to investigate the evolution of the orientation and magnitude of dark matter halo angular momentum within the large scale structure since z=3. We look at the evolution of the alignment of halo spins with filaments and with each other, as well as the spin parameter, which is a measure of the magnitude of angular momentum. It was found that the angular momentum vectors of dark matter haloes at high redshift have a weak tendency to be orthogonal to filaments and high mass haloes have a stronger orthogonal alignment than low mass haloes. Since z=1, the spins of low mass haloes have become weakly aligned parallel to filaments, whereas high mass haloes kept their orthogonal alignment. This recent parallel alignment of low mass haloes casts doubt on tidal torque theory as the sole mechanism for the build up of angular momentum. We see evidence for bulk flows and the broadening of filaments over time in the alignments of halo spin and velocities. We find a significant alignment of the spin of neighboring dark matter haloes only at very small separations, $r<0.3$Mpc/h, which is driven by substructure. A correlation of the spin parameter with halo mass is confirmed at high redshift.
Double trouble: Exploring the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and the nonmedical use of psychoactive prescription drugs among adolescents
Creators: name: Zahlan, Leona
name: Ghandour, Lilian A.
name: Yassin, Nasser
name: Afifi, Rima
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medication abuse
Tobacco use
Psychotropic drugs
Youth--Drug use
Youth--Tobacco use

description: Background: In youth, both waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) are globally growing concerns. This study assesses for the first time the lifetime and past-year associations between WTS and four classes of psychoactive prescription drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional data (2011) on 986 high school students attending public and private high schools in Beirut (Lebanon) was analyzed. Schools were selected using proportionate random cluster sampling from a comprehensive list of schools provided by the Ministry of Education. Results: Almost half (46%) had tried WTS compared to 25% who had ever tried cigarettes. Lifetime prevalence estimates of NMUPD were: pain relievers (8.2%), sedatives/tranquilizers (5.6%), stimulants (3.5%), antidepressants (2.5%), and sleeping pills (2.3%). WTS was associated with increased odds of sedatives/tranquilizer use (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.25, 8.25), pain reliever use (OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.02, 9.17), and sleeping medication use (OR = 8.31, 95% CI: 2.37, 29.20), controlling for sex, age, school type, and other substance use. For cigarettes, the associations were consistently either weaker or non-existent, except with stimulant use (OR = 5.29, 95% CI: 1.55, 18.05). Conclusions: While public health professionals have watched with caution the global prevalence of youth cigarette use–worldwide, an insidious alternative form of tobacco use has grown. Further research is needed to understand the unique risk factors and motives associated with WTS and how these relate to NMUPD in order to inform the development of effective intervention programs and policies that support youth positive health decisions.
title: Integrated Bio-Socio-Economic Analysis and Advice for Fishery Management: A Reflection
Creators: name: Charles, Anthony
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.For many decades, there have been calls for the inclusion of human-related information into fishery analyses, and particularly into the advice provided to fishery managers. Over time, the tools to facilitate this have been developed, ranging from the GordonSchaeffer approach of the 1950s (and Warming's work well before that) to bio-economic and bio-socio-economic models that emerged in the 1970s (e.g. Charles 1989), and which have been refined over the past three decades. Certainly we have seen a strong development of integrated 'fishery system' analysis (e.g. Charles 2001; Garcia and Charles 2007, 2008), to the point that any study of a fishery that does not take an integrated perspective is seen to be falling short of the potential.
Tunneling of the 3rd Kind: A Test of the Effective Non-locality of Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Gardiner, Simon A.
name: Gies, Holger
name: Jaeckel, Joerg
name: Wallace, Chris J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrating out virtual quantum fluctuations in an originally local quantum field theory results in an effective theory which is non-local. In this Letter we argue that tunneling of the 3rd kind - where particles traverse a barrier by splitting into a pair of virtual particles which recombine only after a finite distance - provides a direct test of this non-locality. We sketch a quantum-optical setup to test this effect, and investigate observable effects in a simple toy model.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Updated to match version published in EPL