cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The agents' preferences and the topology of networks
Creators: name: Cajueiro, Daniel O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a new framework to study weighed networks is introduced. The idea behind this methodology is to consider that each node of the network is an agent that desires to satisfy his/her preferences in an economic sense. Moreover, the formation of a link between two agents depends on the benefits and costs associated to this link. Therefore, an edge between two given nodes will only arise if the tradeoff between satisfaction and cost for building it is jointly positive. Using a computational framework, I intend to show that depending on the agents combination of benefits and costs, some very well known networks can naturally arise.
Pyrolysis Model Development for a Multilayer Floor Covering
Creators: name: McKinnon, Mark B.
name: Stoliarov, Stanislav I.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: material flammability
gasification
fire modeling
composites
engineered materials
carpet
ThermaKin
Controlled Atmosphere Pyrolysis Apparatus

description: Comprehensive pyrolysis models that are integral to computational fire codes have improved significantly over the past decade as the demand for improved predictive capabilities has increased. High fidelity pyrolysis models may improve the design of engineered materials for better fire response, the design of the built environment, and may be used in forensic investigations of fire events. A major limitation to widespread use of comprehensive pyrolysis models is the large number of parameters required to fully define a material and the lack of effective methodologies for measurement of these parameters, especially for complex materials. The work presented here details a methodology used to characterize the pyrolysis of a low-pile carpet tile, an engineered composite material that is common in commercial and institutional occupancies. The studied material includes three distinct layers of varying composition and physical structure. The methodology utilized a comprehensive pyrolysis model (ThermaKin) to conduct inverse analyses on data collected through several experimental techniques. Each layer of the composite was individually parameterized to identify its contribution to the overall response of the composite. The set of properties measured to define the carpet composite were validated against mass loss rate curves collected at conditions outside the range of calibration conditions to demonstrate the predictive capabilities of the model. The mean error between the predicted curve and the mean experimental mass loss rate curve was calculated as approximately 20% on average for heat fluxes ranging from 30 to 70 kW·m−2, which is within the mean experimental uncertainty.
Dioscin induces demethylation of DAPK-1 and RASSF-alpha genes via the antioxidant capacity, resulting in apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells
Creators: name: Zhou, Qiang
name: Song, Wie
name: Xiao, Wei
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: dioscin
subject: methylation
subject: DAPK-1
subject: RASSF-1α
subject: antioxidant capacity
subject: bladder cancer
subject: 610

description: DNA methylation at CpG rich regions often occurs at tumor suppressor gene promoters, resulting in reduced gene expression and final carcinogenesis. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, including DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes, have been found in patients with bladder carcinoma (BC) in some western countries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reported to play a causative role in gene hypermethylation. In this study, we detected the methylation status and expression of DAPK1 and RASSF-1α genes in tissue samples from Chinese BC pa- tients, using methylation-specific PCR, reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Further, we examined the ability of dioscin, a natural antioxidant, to regulate methylation status and expression of DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes in BC cell lines. In our results, DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes showed higher methylation level and lower express level in BC tissues than matched normal tissues. Treatment with dioscin decreased viability of BC 5637 and T24 cells, but not non-cancer bladder epithelial cell, SV-HUC-1. Dioscin triggered demethylation of DAPK1 and RASSF-1α genes in T24 cells and increased the gene and protein expression in 5637 and T24 cells. Both dioscin and substituted antioxidants (N-acetyl cysteine and Vitamin E) decreased intracellular ROS, but the effect of dioscin was abolished by adding H2O2. Similar to dioscin, the substituted antioxidants also induced the gene demethylation and T24 cell apoptosis. Co-treatment with dioscin and H2O2 had no such effects. Collectively, di- of DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes via the antioxidant capacity, resulting in apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells or inhibitory cell viability.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 16 2017
Nonhelical turbulent dynamos: shocks and shear
Creators: name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Haugen, N. E. L.
name: Mee, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small scale turbulent dynamo action in compressible transonic turbulence is discussed. It is shown that the critical value of the magnetic Reynolds number displays a bimodal behavior and changes from a typical value of 35 for small Mach numbers to about 80 for larger Mach numbers. The transition between the two regimes is relatively sharp. The direct simulations are then compared with simulations where shocks are captured using a shock viscosity that becomes large at locations where there are shocks. In the presence of shear it is shown that large scale dynamo action is possible.
description: 8 pages, 6 pictures, to appear in: The Magnetized Plasma in Galaxy Evolution, Eds. K.T. Chyzy, R.-J. Dettmar, K. Otmianowska-Mazur and M. Soida
Validation of Land Cover Maps in China Using a Sampling-Based Labeling Approach
Creators: name: Bai, Yan
name: Feng, Min
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Wang, Juanle
name: Liu, Yingzhen
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: land cover
reference data
stratified sampling
visual interpretation
validation

description: This paper presents a rigorous validation of five widely used global land cover products, i.e., GLCC (Global Land Cover Characterization), UMd (University of Maryland land cover product), GLC2000 (Global Land Cover 2000 project data), MODIS LC (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer Land Cover product) and GlobCover (GLOBCOVER land cover product), and a national land cover map GLCD-2005 (Geodata Land Cover Dataset for year 2005) against an independent reference data set over China. The land cover reference data sets in three epochs (1990, 2000, and 2005) were collected on a web-based prototype system using a sampling-based labeling approach. Results show that, in China, the highest overall accuracy is observed in GLCD-2005 (72.3%), followed by MODIS LC (68.9%), GLC2000 (65.2%), GlobCover (57.7%) and GLCC (57.2%), while UMd has the lowest accuracy (48.6%); all of the products performed best in representing “Trees” and “Others”, well with “Grassland” and “Cropland”, but problematic with “Water” and “Urban” across China in general. Moreover, in respect of GLCD-2005, there are significant accuracy differences across seven geographical locations of China, ranging from 46.3% in the Southwest, 77.5% in the South, 79.2% in the Northwest, 80.8% in the North, 81.8% in the Northeast, 82.6% in the Central, to 89.0% in the East. This study indicates that a regionally focused land cover map would in fact be more accurate than extracting the same region from a globally produced map.
Test of lepton universality and search for lepton flavor violation in Upsilon(1S,2S,3S) decays at CLEO
Creators: name: Danko, Istvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis technique and preliminary results of two ongoing analyses at CLEO which put lepton universality and lepton flavor conservation to the test in Upsilon decays.
description: 3 pages, contributed to the proceedings of Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC05), October 24-28, 2005, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
Maximum Likelihood Signal Matrix Model for Data-Driven Predictive Control
Creators: name: Yin, Mingzhou
name: Iannelli, Andrea
name: Smith, Roy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The paper presents a data-driven predictive control framework based on an implicit input-output mapping derived directly from the signal matrix of collected data. This signal matrix model is derived by maximum likelihood estimation with noise-corrupted data. By linearizing online, the implicit model can be used as a linear constraint to characterize possible trajectories of the system in receding horizon control. The signal matrix can also be updated online with new measurements. This algorithm can be applied to large datasets and slowly time-varying systems, possibly with high noise levels. An additional regularization term on the prediction error can be introduced to enhance the predictability and thus the control performance. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed signal matrix model predictive control algorithm is effective in multiple applications and performs better than existing data-driven predictive control algorithm.
Cross-Camera Convolutional Color Constancy
Creators: name: Afifi, Mahmoud
name: Barron, Jonathan T.
name: LeGendre, Chloe
name: Tsai, Yun-Ta
name: Bleibel, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present "Cross-Camera Convolutional Color Constancy" (C5), a learning-based method, trained on images from multiple cameras, that accurately estimates a scene's illuminant color from raw images captured by a new camera previously unseen during training. C5 is a hypernetwork-like extension of the convolutional color constancy (CCC) approach: C5 learns to generate the weights of a CCC model that is then evaluated on the input image, with the CCC weights dynamically adapted to different input content. Unlike prior cross-camera color constancy models, which are usually designed to be agnostic to the spectral properties of test-set images from unobserved cameras, C5 approaches this problem through the lens of transductive inference: additional unlabeled images are provided as input to the model at test time, which allows the model to calibrate itself to the spectral properties of the test-set camera during inference. C5 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy for cross-camera color constancy on several datasets, is fast to evaluate (~7 and ~90 ms per image on a GPU or CPU, respectively), and requires little memory (~2 MB), and thus is a practical solution to the problem of calibration-free automatic white balance for mobile photography.
title: Extensive use of monosodium glutamate
title: a threat to public health?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Niaz, Kamal
name: Zaplatic, Elizabeta
name: Spoor, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018
Energy Landscape of d-Dimensional Q-balls
Creators: name: Gleiser, Marcelo
name: Thorarinson, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of $Q$-balls in $d$ spatial dimensions. First, a generalized virial relation for these objects is obtained. We then focus on potentials $V(ϕϕ^{\dagger})= \sum_{n=1}^{3} a_n(ϕϕ^{\dagger})^n$, where $a_n$ is a constant and $n$ is an integer, obtaining variational estimates for their energies for arbitrary charge $Q$. These analytical estimates are contrasted with numerical results and their accuracy evaluated. Based on the results, we offer a simple criterion to classify ``large'' and ``small'' $d$-dimensional $Q$-balls for this class of potentials. A minimum charge is then computed and its dependence on spatial dimensionality is shown to scale as $Q_{\rm min} \sim \exp(d)$. We also briefly investigate the existence of $Q$-clouds in $d$ dimensions.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, final version to appear in Physical Review D. Small corrections
Membrane Affinity of Platensimycin and Its Dialkylamine Analogs
Creators: name: Rowe, Ian
name: Guo, Min
name: Yasmann, Anthony
name: Cember, Abigail
name: Sintim, Herman O.
name: Sukharev, Sergei
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: membrane permeability
drug insertion
hydrophobicity
amphipathicity
monolayers
lateral pressure
mechanosensitive channel

description: Membrane permeability is a desired property in drug design, but there have been difficulties in quantifying the direct drug partitioning into native membranes. Platensimycin (PL) is a new promising antibiotic whose biosynthetic production is costly. Six dialkylamine analogs of PL were synthesized with identical pharmacophores but different side chains; five of them were found inactive. To address the possibility that their activity is limited by the permeation step, we calculated polarity, measured surface activity and the ability to insert into the phospholipid monolayers. The partitioning of PL and the analogs into the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli was assessed by activation curve shifts of a re-engineered mechanosensitive channel, MscS, in patch-clamp experiments. Despite predicted differences in polarity, the affinities to lipid monolayers and native membranes were comparable for most of the analogs. For PL and the di-myrtenyl analog QD-11, both carrying bulky sidechains, the affinity for the native membrane was lower than for monolayers (half-membranes), signifying that intercalation must overcome the lateral pressure of the bilayer. We conclude that the biological activity among the studied PL analogs is unlikely to be limited by their membrane permeability. We also discuss the capacity of endogenous tension-activated channels to detect asymmetric partitioning of exogenous substances into the native bacterial membrane and the different contributions to the thermodynamic force which drives permeation.
Proteomic and bioinformatic discovery of biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy
Creators: name: Thippakorn, Chadinee
name: Schaduangrat, Nalini
name: Nantasenamat, Chanin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Diabetes
subject: Diabetic nephropathy
subject: Early biomarkers
subject: Proteomics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 610

description: Diabetes is associated with numerous metabolic and vascular risk factors that contribute to a high rate of microvascular and macro-vascular disorders leading to mortality and morbidity from diabetic complications. In this case, the major cause of death in overall diabetic patients results from diabetic nephropathy (DN) or renal failure. The risk factors and mechanisms that correspond to the development of DN are not fully understood and so far, no specific and sufficient diagnostic biomarkers are currently available other than micro- or macroalbuminuria. Therefore, this review describes current and novel protein biomarkers in the context of DN as well as probable proteins biomarkers associated with pathological processes for the early stage of DN via proteomics data together with bioinformatics. In addition, the mechanisms involved in early development of diabetic vascular disorders and complications resulting from glucose induced oxidative stress will also be explored.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018
Less Grease, Please. Phosphatidylethanolamine Is the Only Lipid Required for Replication of a (+)RNA Virus
Creators: name: Belovm George, A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: +RNA virus replication
membranous replication organelles
membrane remodeling
phospholipids

description: All positive strand RNA viruses of eukaryotes replicate their genomes in association with membranes. These viruses actively change cellular lipid metabolism to build replication membranes enriched in specific lipids. The ubiquitous use of membranes by positive strand RNA viruses apparently holds major evolutionary advantages; however our understanding of the mechanistic role of membranes, let alone of specific lipid components of the membrane bilayer, in the viral replication cycle is minimal. The replication complexes that can be isolated from infected cells, or reconstituted in vitro from crude cell lysates, do not allow controlled manipulation of the membrane constituents thus limiting their usefulness for understanding how exactly membranes support the replication reaction. Recent work from Peter Nagy group demonstrates that replication of a model positive strand RNA virus can be reconstituted in the in vitro reaction with liposomes of chemically defined composition and reveals an exclusive role of phosphatidylethanolamine in sustaining efficient viral RNA replication. This study opens new possibilities for investigation of membrane contribution in the replication process that may ultimately lead to development of novel broad spectrum antiviral compounds targeting the membrane-dependent elements of the replication cycle conserved among diverse groups of viruses.
Statistical Properties of a Modified Welch Method That Uses Sample Percentiles
Creators: name: Schwock, Felix
name: Abadi, Shima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present and analyze an alternative, more robust approach to the Welch's overlapped segment averaging (WOSA) spectral estimator. Our method computes sample percentiles instead of averaging over multiple periodograms to estimate power spectral densities (PSDs). Bias and variance of the proposed estimator are derived for varying sample sizes and arbitrary percentiles. We have found excellent agreement between our expressions and data sampled from a white Gaussian noise process.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, presented at ICASSP 2021
Impaired Focal Adhesion Kinase-Grb2 Interaction during Elevated Activity in Hippocampal Neurons
Creators: name: Murase, Sachiko
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: focal adhesion kinase (FAK)
Grb2
Erk1/2
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)
excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance
survival signaling

description: Excitatory/inhibitory imbalances are implicated in many neurological disorders. Previously, we showed that chronically elevated network activity induces vulnerability in neurons due to loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in response to the impairment of the serine/threonine kinase, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) activation. However, how phosphorylation of Erk1/2 decreases during elevated neuronal activity was unknown. Here I show the pErk1/2 decrease induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an A-type potassium channel inhibitor can be blocked by a broad-spectrum matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, FN-439. Surface expression levels of integrin β1 dramatically decrease when neurons are challenged by chronically elevated activity, which is reversed by FN-439. Treatment with 4-AP induces degradation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the mediator of integrin signaling. As a result, interactions between FAK and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), the adaptor protein that mediates Erk1/2 activation by integrin, are severely impaired. Together, these data suggest the loss of integrin signaling during elevated activity causes vulnerability in neurons.
THE PROBLEM OF COURT CONGESTION: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN LOWER COURTS
Creators: name: Micevska, Maja B.
name: Hazra, Arnab K.
name: Micevska, Maja B.
name: Hazra, Arnab K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Political Economy

description: This paper explores the problem of court congestion in Indian lower courts. We use several measures to capture court congestion. These include: caseloads per capita and per judge, the number of cases older than a year per capita and per judge, and congestion rates calculated as the ratio of cases older than a year to cases disposed. We conclude that the Indian state judiciaries differ with respect to the nature and the level of congestion. We can also identify the reasons why some judiciaries are more congested than others. The results show that the large number of judges per capita is negatively related to congestion rates, while judgeship vacancies have a positive effect on caseloads per judge. Court productivity captured by the clearance rates has a significant and negative effect on both caseloads and congestion rates and seems to be crucial for the effectiveness of congestion-reduction programs. Finally, judiciaries with lower litigation rates display a relatively better performance with respect to current caseloads, but are not efficient in addressing the ï¿½realï¿½ backlogs of cases pending for more than a year.
An Extended Detailed Investigation of First and Second Order Supersymmetries for Off-Shell N = 2 and N = 4 Supermultiplets
Creators: name: Gates, Sylvester James
name: Parker, James
name: Rodgers, Vincent G. J.
name: Rodriguez, Leo
name: Stiffler, Kory
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: supersymmetry
off-shell
ADS/CFT
Yang-Mills
extended supersymmetry
adinkra

description: This paper investigates the d = 4, 𝒩=4 Abelian, global Super-Yang Mills system (SUSY-YM). It is shown how the 𝒩=2 Fayet Hypermultiplet (FH) and 𝒩=2 vector multiplet (VM) are embedded within. The central charges and internal symmetries provide a plethora of information as to further symmetries of the Lagrangian. Several of these symmetries are calculated to second order. It is hoped that investigations such as these may yield avenues to help solve the auxiliary field closure problem for d = 4, 𝒩=4, SUSY-YM and the d = 4, 𝒩=2 Fayet-Hypermultiplet, without using an infinite number of auxiliary fields.
ON THE DEMAND FOR GRANDCHILDREN: TIED TRANSFERS AND THE DEMONSTRATION EFFECT
Creators: name: Cox, Donald
name: Stark, Oded
name: Cox, Donald
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: It is argued that parents provide help with housing downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that such a subsidization emanates from the "demonstration effect:" a child's propensity to furnish parents with attention and care can be conditioned by parental example. Parents who desire such transfers in the future have an incentive to make transfers to their own parents in order to instill appropriate preferences in their children. This generates a derived demand for grandchildren since potential grandparents will be treated better by their adult children if the latter have their own children to whom to demonstrate the appropriate behavior. Empirical work indicates behavior consistent with subsidization of the production of grandchildren and the demonstration effect.
Urban Evolution: The Role of Water
Creators: name: Kaushal, Sujay S.
name: McDowell, William H.
name: Wollheim, Wilfred M.
name: Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.
name: Mayer, Paul M.
name: Belt, Kenneth T.
name: Pennino, Michael J.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: urban watershed continuum
urban karst
urban succession
urban adaptation
transitional ecosystems
convergent urban evolution
urban calcium cycle

description: The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth’s population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, the concept of “urban evolution” was proposed. It allows urban planning, management, and restoration to move beyond reactive management to predictive management based on past observations of consistent patterns. Here, we define and review a glossary of core concepts for studying urban evolution, which includes the mechanisms of urban selective pressure and urban adaptation. Urban selective pressure is an environmental or societal driver contributing to urban adaptation. Urban adaptation is the sequential process by which an urban structure, function, or services becomes more fitted to its changing environment or human choices. The role of water is vital to driving urban evolution as demonstrated by historical changes in drainage, sewage flows, hydrologic pulses, and long-term chemistry. In the current paper, we show how hydrologic traits evolve across successive generations of urban ecosystems via shifts in selective pressures and adaptations over time. We explore multiple empirical examples including evolving: (1) urban drainage from stream burial to stormwater management; (2) sewage flows and water quality in response to wastewater treatment; (3) amplification of hydrologic pulses due to the interaction between urbanization and climate variability; and (4) salinization and alkalinization of fresh water due to human inputs and accelerated weathering. Finally, we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of urban waters from the Industrial Revolution to the present day based on empirical trends and historical information. Ultimately, we propose that water itself is a critical driver of urban evolution that forces urban adaptation, which transforms the structure, function, and services of urban landscapes, waterways, and civilizations over time.
New frequency-modulation readout based on relaxation oscillations
Creators: name: Furlan, Miha
name: Kirk, Eugenie
name: Zehnder, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scaling of multi-pixel cryogenic detectors for imaging becomes increasingly difficult with size due to complexity of readout circuitry and cryogenic constraints (thermal load from wiring). We propose and demonstrate a new readout scheme based on a highly stable RF oscillator composed of a superconducting tunnel junction which exhibits relaxation oscillations. The oscillation frequency is almost linear with the analog bias signal over a wide operation range. The frequency signals from different detectors can be combined into one single readout line. The current noise of an optimized circuit is about 5 pA/sqrt(Hz), which is comparable to standard SQUID amplifiers. We show experimental data from `stand-alone' operation as well as response to microcalorimeter X-ray signals.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Micro-computed tomography for the investigation of stationary liquid/liquid and liquid/gas interfaces in capillaries
Creators: name: Schuler, Julia
name: Kockmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Contact angle
subject: Interfaces
subject: Micro-computed tomography
subject: Microfluidics
subject: 660

description: For better understanding and optimization of multiphase flow in miniaturized devices, micro‐computed tomography (μCT) is a promising visualization tool, as it is nondestructive, three‐dimensional, and offers a high spatial resolution. Today, computed tomography (CT) is a standard imaging technique. However, using CT in microfluidics is still challenging, since X‐ray related artifacts, low phase contrast, and limited spatial resolution complicate the exact localization of interfaces. We apply μCT for the characterization of stationary interfaces in thin capillaries. The entire workflow for imaging stationary interfaces in capillaries, from image acquisition to the analysis of interfaces, is presented. Special emphasis is given to an in‐house developed segmentation routine. For demonstration purposes, contact angles of water, liquid polydimethylsiloxane, and air in FEP, glass, and PMMA are determined and the influence of gravity on interface formation is discussed. This work comprises the first steps for a systematic 3D investigation of multiphase flows in capillaries using μCT.
description: AIChE Journal;Vol 66. 2020, Issue 4, e16890
Fundamental limitations on distillation of quantum channel resources
Creators: name: Regula, Bartosz
name: Takagi, Ryuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum channels underlie the dynamics of quantum systems, but in many practical settings it is the channels themselves that require processing. We establish universal limitations on the processing of both quantum states and channels, expressed in the form of no-go theorems and quantitative bounds for the manipulation of general quantum channel resources under the most general transformation protocols. Focusing on the class of distillation tasks -- which can be understood either as the purification of noisy channels into unitary ones, or the extraction of state-based resources from channels -- we develop fundamental restrictions on the error incurred in such transformations and comprehensive lower bounds for the overhead of any distillation protocol. In the asymptotic setting, our results yield broadly applicable bounds for rates of distillation. We demonstrate our results through applications to fault-tolerant quantum computation, where we obtain state-of-the-art lower bounds for the overhead cost of magic state distillation, as well as to quantum communication, where we recover a number of strong converse bounds for quantum channel capacity.
description: 15+25 pages, 4 figures. v3: close to published version (changes in presentation, title modified; main results unaffected). See also related work by Fang and Liu at arXiv:2010.11822
The Transparency of Solar Coronal Active Regions
Creators: name: Brickhouse, N. S.
name: Schmelz, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonance scattering has often been invoked to explain the disagreement between the observed and predicted line ratios of Fe XVII 15.01 A to Fe XVII 15.26 A (the ``3C/3D'' ratio). In this process photons of 15.01, with its much higher oscillator strength, are preferentially scattered out of the line of sight, thus reducing the observed line ratio. Recent laboratory measurements, however, have found significant inner-shell Fe XVI lines at 15.21 and 15.26 Angstroms, suggesting that the observed 3C/3D ratio results from blending. Given our new understanding of the fundamental spectroscopy, we have re-examined the original solar spectra, identifying the Fe XVI 15.21 line and measuring its flux to account for the contribution of Fe XVI to the 15.26 flux. Deblending brings the 3C/3D ratio into good agreement with the experimental ratio; hence, we find no need to invoke resonance scattering. Low opacity in Fe XVII 15.01 also implies low opacity for Fe XV 284.2, ruling out resonance scattering as the cause of the fuzziness of TRACE and SOHO EIT 284-Angstrom images. The images must, instead, be unresolved due to the large number of structures at this temperature. Insignificant resonance scattering implies that future instruments with higher spatial resolution could resolve the active region plasma into its component loop structures.
description: accepted to Ap J Letters
Langevin Trajectories between Fixed Concentrations
Creators: name: Nadler, B.
name: Schuss, Z.
name: Singer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C31; 60H35; 65C35

description: We consider the trajectories of particles diffusing between two infinite baths of fixed concentrations connected by a channel, e.g. a protein channel of a biological membrane. The steady state influx and efflux of Langevin trajectories at the boundaries of a finite volume containing the channel and parts of the two baths is replicated by termination of outgoing trajectories and injection according to a residual phase space density. We present a simulation scheme that maintains averaged fixed concentrations without creating spurious boundary layers, consistent with the assumed physics.
Graviton Emission in the Bulk from a Higher-Dimensional Schwarzschild Black Hole
Creators: name: Creek, S.
name: Efthimiou, O.
name: Kanti, P.
name: Tamvakis, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evaporation of (4+n)-dimensional non-rotating black holes into gravitons. We calculate the energy emission rate for gravitons in the bulk obtaining analytical solutions of the master equation satisfied by all three types (S,V,T) of gravitational perturbations. Our results, valid in the low-energy regime, show a vector radiation dominance for every value of n, while the relative magnitude of the energy emission rate of the subdominant scalar and tensor radiation depends on n. The low-energy emission rate in the bulk for gravitons is well below that for a scalar field, due to the absence of the dominant l=0,1 modes from the gravitational spectrum. Higher partial waves though may modify this behaviour at higher energies. The calculated low-energy emission rate, for all types of degrees of freedom decreases with n, although the full energy emission rate, integrated over all frequencies, is expected to increase with n, as in the previously studied case of a bulk scalar field.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections, accepted by Phys. Lett. B
Reviving Dead Zones in Accretion Disks by Rossby Vortices at their Boundaries
Creators: name: varniere, P.
name: Tagger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of the accretion disks of Young Stellar Objects show that they should not be ionized at a few AU from the star, and thus not subject to the MHD turbulence believed to cause accretion. This has been suggested to create a 'Dead Zone' where accretion remains unexplained. Here we show that the existence of the Dead Zone self-consistently creates a density profile favorable to the Rossby Wave Instability of Lovelace et al. (1999). This instability will create and sustain Rossby vortices in the disk which could lead to enhanced planet formation.
description: accepted by A&A letters
Warped Tachyonic Inflation in Type IIB Flux Compactifications and the Open-String Completeness Conjecture
Creators: name: Cremades, Daniel
name: Quevedo, Fernando
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a cosmological scenario within the KKLT framework for moduli stabilization in string theory. The universal open string tachyon of decaying non-BPS D-brane configurations is proposed to drive eternal topological inflation. Flux-induced `warping' can provide the small slow-roll parameters needed for successful inflation. Constraints on the parameter space leading to sufficient number of e-folds, exit from inflation, density perturbations and stabilization of the Kahler modulus are investigated. The conditions are difficult to satisfy in Klebanov-Strassler throats but can be satisfied in T^3 fibrations and other generic Calabi-Yau manifolds. This requires large volume and magnetic fluxes on the D-brane. The end of inflation may or may not lead to cosmic strings depending on the original non-BPS configuration. A careful investigation of initial conditions leading to a phenomenologically viable model for inflation is carried out. The initial conditions are chosen on the basis of Sen's open string completeness conjecture. We find time symmetrical bounce solutions without initial singularities for k=1 FRW models which are correlated with an inflationary period. Singular big-bang/big-crunch solutions also exist but do not lead to inflation. There is an intriguing correlation between having an inflationary universe in 4 dimensions and 6 compact dimensions or a big-crunch singularity and decompactification.
description: 43 pages, 9 figures. v3: Typos corrected
Looking for populism in northwest British Columbia : the inter-war and post-war years
Creators: name: Price, Anthony Daio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The previous scholarship on British Columbia politics has mentioned but not adequately explained that province's populist culture. My paper responds to this deficiency by exploring the history of British Columbia populism. It examines the northwest (where populist culture was especially strong) as a case study of provincial politics and employs a political discourse analysis that compares language in the inter-war years with that of the post-war years. It also correlates voting and occupational statistics in polling districts in an effort to position language within a socio-economic context. The findings of this study emphasize the neighbouring northwest constituencies of Skeena and Omineca as representative of the dynamic nature of British Columbia political culture in the 1950s: in Skeena, a culture of class polarization dominated politics and led to an initial CCF provincial victory while Omineca had a culture of protest politics that supported Social Credit provincially and the CCF federally. These two differing kinds of politics (i.e. class versus populist politics) came from the same prodevelopment ethos that, while always dominating British Columbia culture, was especially significant in the post-war period. In Skeena, post-war corporate development attracted numerous unionized workers to the region and contributed to the CCF's class politics. The populism of Omineca was also a function of post-war development. It was not (like other populist traditions) connected to localistic or co-operative inclinations but in fact, was almost 1 exclusively anti-elitist. This populism integrated the anti-elite labeling of "the People" with a language that promoted the elite-controlled development of the 1950s, for the integration alleviated anxieties over that elite-control without actually threatening the existing pattern of development. The northwest's populist language was a function of a "non-populist" culture.
PROJECTING THE BENEFITS OF GOLDEN RICE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Roukayatou
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Zimmermann, Roukayatou
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Golden Rice has been genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene in the endosperm of the grain. It could improve the vitamin A status of deficient food consumers, especially women and children in the developing world. This paper analyses the potential impacts in a Philippine context. Since the technology is still at the stage of R&D, benefits are simulated within a scenario approach. The health effects are quantified using the methodology of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Golden Rice will not completely eliminate the problems of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness or increased mortality rates. So it should be seen as a complement rather than a substitute for alternative interventions. Yet, the technology will reduce related health costs significantly. In monetary terms, annual gains will lie between $23 million and $137 million, depending on the underlying assumptions. A preliminary cost-benefit analysis shows high returns on R&D investments. Micronutrient-enriched crops are an efficient way to reduce deficiency problems among the poor, and related research projects should receive higher political priority.
Holomorphic discs and sutured manifolds
Creators: name: Juhasz, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57R58,

description: In this paper we construct a Floer-homology invariant for a natural and wide class of sutured manifolds that we call balanced. This generalizes the Heegaard Floer hat theory of closed three-manifolds and links. Our invariant is unchanged under product decompositions and is zero for nontaut sutured manifolds. As an application, an invariant of Seifert surfaces is given and is computed in a few interesting cases.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 4 October 2006
Determination of the relationship between doxorubicin resistance and Wnt signaling pathway in HeLa and K562 cell lines
Creators: name: Mutlu, Pelin
name: Azarkan, Serap Yalçin
name: Pourianazar, Negar Taghavi
name: Yücel, Meral
name: Gündüz, Ufuk
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Wnt signaling pathway
subject: Drug resistance
subject: Cervical cancer
subject: Chronic myelogenous leukemia
subject: Gene expression
subject: 610

description: Activation of the Wnt signaling in some types of cancer and its relation with chemotherapy resistance is a very interesting issue that has been emphasized in recent years. Although, it is known that increase in the activity of β-catenin is important in blast transformation and drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, changes in the expression levels of 186 genes that are thought to be important in drug resistance and Wnt signaling pathways were determined by using qPCR method in doxorubicin-sensitive and –resistant HeLa and K562 cell lines. It has been observed that the genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathways are involved in more changes in HeLa/Dox cells (36 genes) than in the K562/Dox cells (17 genes). Genes important for the development of cancer resistance have been found to be significantly different in expression levels of 18 genes in HeLa/Dox cells and 20 genes in K562/Dox cells. In both cell lines, the expression of ABCB1 gene was significantly increased to 160 and 103 fold, respectively. However, despite the resistance to same drug in HeLa and K562 cell lines, it appears that the expression levels of different oncogenes and genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways have been altered. It has been found that although resistance develops to the same drug in both cell lines, the expression levels of different genes have changed. If functional analysis of these genes is performed on patient population groups, these molecules may become candidates for novel therapeutic target molecules.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018
DISPLACEMENT DUE TO VIOLENCE IN COLOMBIA: DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES AT THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
Creators: name: Kirchhoff, Stefanie
name: Ibanez, Ana Maria
name: Kirchhoff, Stefanie
name: Ibanez, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Political Economy

description: The armed conflict over economic and political power in Colombia has led to the massive displacement of people living in the areas of violence. The design of appropriate policies of prevention, assistance, and resettlement requires improved information on the determinants and effects of displacement. This paper contributes to providing such information by using household survey data collected at expulsory and receptor locations. First, we develop a conceptual framework for analyzing the factors which influence a household's decision to leave its area of origin for an uncertain future or to stay and risk being the victim of violence. Using econometric analysis, the framework is then used to examine the significance and relative importance of the hypothesized factors in the study region. Second, the impacts of displacement on the affected households are examined through a descriptive analysis of the survey data, and a method for estimating the welfare losses of the displaced is presented. The results confirm the significant role of violence and perceptions of insecurity in motivating displacement. The analysis indicates that land owners, members of local organizations, and younger household heads face the highest risk of becoming the direct target of threats which appear to be the most important trigger of displacement. However, security considerations do not appear to be the only factors underlying the displacement decision. People decide to stay in their areas of origin despite being affected by violence. A significant percentage of the displaced appear to have reflected on their options and on the expected impacts of displacement. Considerations regarding the cost of leaving behind important assets and potential improvements in living conditions after displacement appear to impact the decision. The results also point to the important role of information in displacement decisions. The descriptive analysis highlights the impacts of displacement on the affected households. The wide majority of the displaced had lived in the areas of origin for a very substantial amount of time. For many, displacement implies the loss of agricultural land and the associated way of life. At the receptor locations, households - particularly those from rural areas - have to look for types of employment they are not trained for. A very substantial proportion ends up being long-term unemployed. The surveys point to the need for programs which provide long-term opportunities to the displaced. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and topics for future research.
New role of hypoxia in pathophysiology of multiple myeloma through miR-210
Creators: name: Saba, Fakhredin
name: Soleimani, Masoud
name: Abroun, Saeid
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Multiple myeloma
subject: miR-210
subject: Hypoxia
subject: Microvesicle
subject: Osteoblast
subject: 610

description: Bone is one of the most common sites of complication in multiple myeloma (MM) progression and bone remodeling gets definitively perturbed during disease progression. Hypoxia and miR-210 play an important role in hematological malignancies. In an attempt to elucidate the specificity of the pathways of hypoxia and miR-210 in suppression of osteoblastic differentiation in MM patients, we examined the effect of miR-210 and hypoxia on expression of important cytokines and genes of myeloma cells. Differentiation of BM-MSCs towards osteoblastic cells in response to microvesicles (MVs) was also investigated. Finally, we proposed a molecular model on how HIF-1α may promote bone lesions in MM patients. To validate the effect of miR-210 and HIF-1α on targeted genes, the shRNA of HIF-1α and off-hsa-miR-210 were transfected into RPMI-8226 cells. BM-MSCs were cultured in osteoblastic inducer and 50 μg/mL of MVs derived from both hypoxic and normoxic myeloma cells. We designed an in vitro study to establish the effects of HIF-1α and miR-210 on the crosstalk between MM and osteoblasts. We here showed that hypoxia-induced miR-210 increased the mRNA expression of VLA-4, CXCR4, IL- 6 and TGF-β in myeloma cells. MiR-210 is mandatory for the hypoxia-increased resistance of MM cells to melphalan. Moreover, MVs derived from hypoxic myeloma cells substantially decreased osteoblast differentiation. Considered comprehensively, our findings explain one of the reasons of bone loss that occurs at the sites of MM and a nascent crosstalk model in MM pathogenesis.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018