cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strain engineering of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes: An ab intio study
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Arpit
name: Suryanarayana, Phanish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electromechanical response of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes from first principles. In particular, considering both armchair and zigzag variants of twenty-seven select Janus TMD nanotubes, we determine the change in bandgap and charge carriers' effective mass upon axial and torsional deformations using density functional theory (DFT). We observe that metallic nanotubes remain unaffected, whereas the bandgap in semiconducting nanotubes decreases linearly and quadratically with axial and shear strains, respectively, leading to semiconductor--metal transitions. In addition, we find that there is a continuous decrease and increase in the effective mass of holes and electrons with strains, respectively, leading to n-type--p-type semiconductor transitions. We show that this behavior is a consequence of the rehybridization of orbitals, rather than charge transfer between the atoms. Overall, mechanical deformations form a powerful tool for tailoring the electronic response of semiconducting Janus TMD nanotubes.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
COVID and Corrections: A Profile of COVID Deaths in Custody in Texas
Creators: name: Deitch, Michele
name: Welch, Alycia
name: Bucknall, William
name: Moreno, Destiny
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID
Prisons
Texas
Jails
Deaths
Custody

description: Texas has had more COVID-19 infections and deaths among incarcerated people and staff than any other state in the country, according to a new report from the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at The University of Texas at Austin. The report, titled “COVID and Corrections: A Profile of COVID Deaths in Custody in Texas,” indicates that at least 231 people have died from COVID-19 in Texas prisons and jails, including both incarcerated people and staff. Among noteworthy findings, the report also finds that people in Texas prisons are testing positive for COVID at a rate 490% higher than for the state of Texas as a whole. This report was produced as part of the COVID, Corrections, and Oversight Project at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, with support from Arnold Ventures. The COVID, Corrections, and Oversight Project is led by Michele Deitch, Project Director, and Alycia Welch, Associate Director.
Additional file 2 of Prospective associations between working alliance, basic psychological need satisfaction, and coaching outcome indicators: a two-wave survey study among 181 Dutch coaching clients
Creators: name: Vermeiden, Margriet
name: Reijnders, Jennifer
name: van Duin, Eva
name: Simons, Marianne
name: Janssens, Mayke
name: Peeters, Sanne
name: Jacobs, Nele
name: Lataster, Johan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. BPNs-COACH in English. English translation of the Dutch version of the Basic Psychological Needs in Coaching relationships scale (BPNs-COACH) to assess coachee basic psychological need satisfaction in coaching relationships.
How soft repulsion enhances the depletion mechanism
Creators: name: Rovigatti, Lorenzo
name: Gnan, Nicoletta
name: Parola, Alberto
name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate binary mixtures of large colloids interacting through soft potentials with small, ideal depletants. We show that softness has a dramatic effect on the resulting colloid-colloid effective potential when the depletant-to-colloid size ratio $q$ is small, with significant consequences on the colloidal phase behaviour. We also provide an exact relation that allows us to obtain the effective pair potential for {\it any} type of colloid-depletant interactions in the case of ideal depletants, without having to rely on complicated and expensive full-mixture simulations. We also show that soft repulsion among depletants further enhances the tendency of colloids to aggregate. Our theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that --- in the limit of small $q$ --- soft mixtures cannot be mapped onto hard systems and hence soft depletion is not a mere extension of the widely used Asakura-Oosawa potential.
description: Accepted for publication in Soft Matter
Dynamical polarization in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Sobol, O. O.
name: Gorbar, E. V.
name: Gusynin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the continuum low energy model, we calculate the one-loop dynamical polarization functions in ABC-stacked (rhombohedral) $n$-layer graphene in a magnetic field. Neglecting the trigonal warping effects, they are derived as functions of wavevector and frequency at finite chemical potential, temperature, band gap, and the width of Landau levels. The analytic results are given in terms of digamma functions and generalized Laguerre polynomials and have the form of double sums over Landau levels. Various particular limits for polarization functions (static, clean, etc.) are discussed. The intralayer and interlayer screened Coulomb potentials are numerically calculated as functions of momentum and frequency.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, small changes, to match the version published in PRB
Gravitational waves from spinning compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits
Creators: name: De Vittori, Lorenzo
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
name: Gupta, Anuradha
name: Jetzer, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits are plausible gravitational wave (GW) sources for the upcoming and planned GW observatories. We develop an efficient prescription to compute post-Newtonian (PN) accurate ready-to-use GW polarization states for spinning compact binaries, influenced by the dominant order spin-orbit interactions, in hyperbolic orbits. This is achieved by invoking the 1.5PN accurate quasi-Keplerian parameterization for the radial sector of the orbital dynamics. We probe the influences of spins and gravitational radiation reaction on $h_+$ and $h_{\times}$ during the hyperbolic passage. It turns out that both polarization states exhibit the memory effect for GWs from spinning compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits. In contrast, only cross polarization state exhibits the memory effect for GWs from non-spinning compact binaries. Additionally, we compute 1PN accurate amplitude corrected GW polarization states for hyperbolic non-spinning compact binaries in a fully parametric manner and perform initial comparisons with the existing waveforms.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Domain and droplet sizes in emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles
Creators: name: Frijters, Stefan
name: Günther, Florian
name: Harting, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle-stabilized emulsions are commonly used in various industrial applications. These emulsions can present in different forms, such as Pickering emulsions or bijels, which can be distinguished by their different topologies and rheology. We numerically investigate the effect of the volume fraction and the uniform wettability of the stabilizing spherical particles in mixtures of two fluids. For this, we use the well-established three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method, extended to allow for the added colloidal particles with non-neutral wetting properties. We obtain data on the domain sizes in the emulsions by using both structure functions and the Hoshen-Kopelman (HK) algorithm, and demonstrate that both methods have their own (dis-)advantages. We confirm an inverse dependence between the concentration of particles and the average radius of the stabilized droplets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effect of particles detaching from interfaces on the emulsion properties and domain size measurements.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Ultra Low-Parameter Denoising: Trainable Bilateral Filter Layers in Computed Tomography
Creators: name: Wagner, Fabian
name: Thies, Mareike
name: Gu, Mingxuan
name: Huang, Yixing
name: Pechmann, Sabrina
name: Patwari, Mayank
name: Ploner, Stefan
name: Aust, Oliver
name: Uderhardt, Stefan
name: Schett, Georg
name: Christiansen, Silke
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computed tomography is widely used as an imaging tool to visualize three-dimensional structures with expressive bone-soft tissue contrast. However, CT resolution and radiation dose are tightly entangled, highlighting the importance of low-dose CT combined with sophisticated denoising algorithms. Most data-driven denoising techniques are based on deep neural networks and, therefore, contain hundreds of thousands of trainable parameters, making them incomprehensible and prone to prediction failures. Developing understandable and robust denoising algorithms achieving state-of-the-art performance helps to minimize radiation dose while maintaining data integrity. This work presents an open-source CT denoising framework based on the idea of bilateral filtering. We propose a bilateral filter that can be incorporated into a deep learning pipeline and optimized in a purely data-driven way by calculating the gradient flow toward its hyperparameters and its input. Denoising in pure image-to-image pipelines and across different domains such as raw detector data and reconstructed volume, using a differentiable backprojection layer, is demonstrated. Although only using three spatial parameters and one range parameter per filter layer, the proposed denoising pipelines can compete with deep state-of-the-art denoising architectures with several hundred thousand parameters. Competitive denoising performance is achieved on x-ray microscope bone data (0.7053 and 33.10) and the 2016 Low Dose CT Grand Challenge dataset (0.9674 and 43.07) in terms of SSIM and PSNR. Due to the extremely low number of trainable parameters with well-defined effect, prediction reliance and data integrity is guaranteed at any time in the proposed pipelines, in contrast to most other deep learning-based denoising architectures.
Altermagnetism and magnetic groups with pseudoscalar electron spin
Creators: name: Turek, Ilja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revise existing group-theoretical approaches for a treatment of nonrelativistic collinear magnetic systems with perfect translation invariance. We show that full symmetry groups of these systems, which contain elements with independent rotations in the spin and configuration spaces (spin groups), can be replaced by magnetic groups consisting of elements with rotations acting only on position vectors. This reduction follows from modified transformation properties of electron spin, which in the considered systems becomes effectively a pseudoscalar quantity remaining unchanged upon spatial operations but changing its sign due to an operation of antisymmetry. We introduce a unitary representation of the relevant magnetic point groups and use it for a classification of collinear magnets from the viewpoint of antiferromagnetism-induced spin splitting of electron bands near the center of Brillouin zone. We prove that the recently revealed different altermagnetic classes correspond in a unique way to all nontrivial magnetic Laue classes, i.e., to the Laue groups containing the operation of antisymmetry only in combination with a spatial rotation. Four of these Laue classes are found compatible with a nonzero spin conductivity. Subsequent inspection of a simple model allows us to address briefly the physical mechanisms responsible for the spin splitting in real systems.
description: supplement extended, 45 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure
Unsupervised Learning From Incomplete Measurements for Inverse Problems
Creators: name: Tachella, Julián
name: Chen, Dongdong
name: Davies, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.4.5; I.2.10; G.3
subject: 68U10

description: In many real-world inverse problems, only incomplete measurement data are available for training which can pose a problem for learning a reconstruction function. Indeed, unsupervised learning using a fixed incomplete measurement process is impossible in general, as there is no information in the nullspace of the measurement operator. This limitation can be overcome by using measurements from multiple operators. While this idea has been successfully applied in various applications, a precise characterization of the conditions for learning is still lacking. In this paper, we fill this gap by presenting necessary and sufficient conditions for learning the underlying signal model needed for reconstruction which indicate the interplay between the number of distinct measurement operators, the number of measurements per operator, the dimension of the model and the dimension of the signals. Furthermore, we propose a novel and conceptually simple unsupervised learning loss which only requires access to incomplete measurement data and achieves a performance on par with supervised learning when the sufficient condition is verified. We validate our theoretical bounds and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed unsupervised loss compared to previous methods via a series of experiments on various imaging inverse problems, such as accelerated magnetic resonance imaging, compressed sensing and image inpainting.
Mana and thermalization: probing the feasibility of near-Clifford Hamiltonian simulation
Creators: name: Sewell, Troy J.
name: White, Christopher David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum hydrodynamics is the emergent classical dynamics governing transport of conserved quantities in generic strongly-interacting quantum systems. Recent matrix product operator methods have made simulations of quantum hydrodynamics in 1+1d tractable, but they do not naturally generalize to 2+1d or higher, and they offer limited guidance as to the difficulty of simulations on quantum computers. Near-Clifford simulation algorithms are not limited to one dimension, and future error-corrected quantum computers will likely be bottlenecked by non-Clifford operations. We therefore investigate the non-Clifford resource requirements for simulation of quantum hydrodynamics using ``mana'', a resource theory of non-Clifford operations. For infinite-temperature starting states we find that the mana of subsystems quickly approaches zero, while for starting states with energy above some threshold the mana approaches a nonzero value. Surprisingly, in each case the finite-time mana is governed by the subsystem entropy, not the thermal state mana; we argue that this is because mana is a sensitive diagnostic of finite-time deviations from canonical typicality.
Subleading Soft Factor for String Disk Amplitudes
Creators: name: Schwab, Burkhard U. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behavior of superstring disk scattering amplitudes in the presence of a soft external momentum at finite string tension. We prove that there are no $α'$-corrections to the field theory form of the subleading soft factor $S^{(1)}$. At the end of this work, we also comment on the possibility to find the corresponding subleading soft factors in closed string theory using our result and the KLT relations.
description: 15 pages, v2: minor changes, new references, version accepted by JHEP
Quantifying n-photon indistinguishability with a cyclic integrated interferometer
Creators: name: Pont, Mathias
name: Albiero, Riccardo
name: Thomas, Sarah E.
name: Spagnolo, Nicolò
name: Ceccarelli, Francesco
name: Corrielli, Giacomo
name: Brieussel, Alexandre
name: Somaschi, Niccolo
name: Huet, Hêlio
name: Harouri, Abdelmounaim
name: Lemaître, Aristide
name: Sagnes, Isabelle
name: Belabas, Nadia
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
name: Osellame, Roberto
name: Senellart, Pascale
name: Crespi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a universal method to measure the genuine indistinguishability of n-photons - a crucial parameter that determines the accuracy of optical quantum computing. Our approach relies on a low-depth cyclic multiport interferometer with N = 2n modes, leading to a quantum interference fringe whose visibility is a direct measurement of the genuine n-photon indistinguishability. We experimentally demonstrate this technique for a 8-mode integrated interferometer fabricated using femtosecond laser micromachining and four photons from a quantum dot single-photon source. We measure a four-photon indistinguishability up to 0.81$\pm$0.03. This value decreases as we intentionally alter the photon pairwise indistinguishability. The low-depth and low-loss multiport interferometer design provides an efficient and scalable path to evaluate the genuine indistinguishability of resource states of increasing photon number.
Physics-informed neural networks for solving parametric magnetostatic problems
Creators: name: Beltrán-Pulido, Andrés
name: Bilionis, Ilias
name: Aliprantis, Dionysios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of physics-informed neural networks to learn the magnetic field response as a function of design parameters in the context of a two-dimensional (2-D) magnetostatic problem. Our approach is as follows. First, we present a functional whose minimization is equivalent to solving parametric magnetostatic problems. Subsequently, we use a deep neural network (DNN) to represent the magnetic field as a function of space and parameters that describe geometric features and operating points. We train the DNN by minimizing the physics-informed functional using stochastic gradient descent. Lastly, we demonstrate our approach on a \mbox{ten-dimensional} EI-core electromagnet problem with parameterized geometry. We evaluate the accuracy of the DNN by comparing its predictions to those of finite element analysis.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-502
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-502. The artifact is a black banded Monterey chert flake.
Wissenschaftliches Schreiben unter dem Vorzeichen von Diversität und Digitalisierung
Creators: name: Traninger, Anita
name: Martiens, Angie
name: Elmasry, Amira
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: wissenschaftliche Schreibkompetenz
subject: wissenschaftliches Schreiben
subject: wissenschaftliche Schlüsselkompetenzen
subject: Geisteswissenschaften
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Digital Literacy
subject: Diversity
subject: Hochschulausbildung
subject: 400 Sprache::400 Sprache::407 Ausbildung, Forschung, verwandte Themen

description: In diesem Ideenpapier wird für den Ausbau einer schreibdidaktisch durchdachten und strukturierten Lehre des wissenschaftlichen Schreibens in den Geisteswissenschaften argumentiert. Wissenschaftliches Schreiben bildet als Schlüsselkompetenz die Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Partizipation im akademischen Betrieb. Da der Zugang zur akademischen Welt sowie die Teilhabe an dieser immer auch von Ausschlussmechanismen entlang verschiedener Subjektkategorien (wie sozioökonomische Schichtenzugehörigkeit oder Geschlecht) geprägt sind, versteht dieses Papier die Schulung wissenschaftlicher Schreibkompetenz auch als Diversity-politische Maßnahme. Während Schreibfähigkeiten an britischen und US-amerikanischen Hochschulen bereits seit Langem als lehr- und erlernbar verstanden werden, wird die Frage nach dem wissenschaftlichen Schreiben in Deutschland traditionell mit dem Vertrauen auf individuelle Begabung und einem unerschütterlichen Glauben an das Talent beantwortet. Die Verfasserinnen argumentieren, dass das strukturierte Lehren des wissenschaftlichen Schreibens aus neun Gründen nötig ist: Es liegt in der Zuständigkeit der Hochschulen (1); es ergibt sich aus einem Aufklärungsanspruch (2) sowie einem Diversity-politischen Anspruch (3); es ist eine Frage der Gerechtigkeit (4), Transparenz (5), Teilhabe (6) und Chancengleichheit (7); ebenso können eine Positionierung innerhalb der internationalen Hochschullandschaft (8) sowie eine Exzellenz-Strategie (9) nicht unabhängig davon gedacht werden. Zugleich wird hier ein auf den Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin zugeschnittenes Konzept zur strukturierten Schulung des Schreibens zur Diskussion gestellt, das drei Stoßrichtungen enthält: Rhetorik, Digital Literacy und Forschungsorientierung. Der Umstand, dass das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten mittlerweile vollständig von der Digitalisierung durchdrungen ist, was in vielen geisteswissenschaftlichen Diskursen bislang noch zu wenig Beachtung findet, verleiht dem Digital-Literacy-Aspekt ein entsprechendes Gewicht.
The global rotating scalar field vacuum on anti-de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Kent, Carl
name: Winstanley, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the definition of the global vacuum state of a quantum scalar field on $n$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time as seen by an observer rotating about the polar axis. Since positive (or negative) frequency scalar field modes must have positive (or negative) Klein-Gordon norm respectively, we find that the only sensible choice of positive frequency corresponds to positive frequency as seen by a static observer. This means that the global rotating vacuum is identical to the global nonrotating vacuum. For $n\ge 4$, if the angular velocity of the rotating observer is smaller than the inverse of the anti-de Sitter radius of curvature, then modes with positive Klein-Gordon norm also have positive frequency as seen by the rotating observer.We comment on the implications of this result for the construction of global rotating thermal states.
description: Minor changes (inc. title change), version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B, 4 pages
title: Theory Makes Global IR Hang Together
title: Lessons from Citation Analysis
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Risse, Thomas
name: Wemheuer-Vogelaar, Wiebke
name: Havemann, Frank
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: International Relations
subject: bibliometrics
subject: core and periphery
subject: IR theory
subject: global IR
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen

description: This paper asked two interrelated questions through citation analyses of both WoS- and – for the first time – seven non-WoS publications from Latin America, Africa, and Asia: 1) What is the state of IR theory in various journals? 2) To what extent is IR theory global rather than con-fined to transatlantic IR? We find that IR theory is alive and kicking everywhere. There is little evidence for continued paradigmatic warfare as experienced during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The two main clusters of the 300 top-cited sources represented in our WoS dataset are both engaged in theory-building, one with regard to one substantive issue-area in world poli-tics, namely international security, the other more generally devoted to theorizing from a variety of substantive perspectives. As to the non-WoS journals in our sample, a similar picture of non-paradigmatic theory use emerges. However, while IR theory is referred to everywhere, it is definitely not global. Our top-300 WoS cited sources have been exclusively published in the U.S., the UK, and (Western) Europe. Highly cited theory sources in our dataset of non-WoS journals do not contain references to non-Western IR scholarship either. There are few theory citations in non-WoS journals referring to scholars of the particular region or country, but these cites do not travel beyond the individual journal. In sum, we can observe a core-periphery structure of global IR whereby a strongly interconnected transatlantic core community faces a periphery that only connects through common references to the core.
Comment on 'Counterintuitive Dispersion Violating Kramers-Kronig Relations in Gain Slabs'
Creators: name: Baranov, D. G.
name: Zyablovsky, A. A.
name: Dorofeenko, A. V.
name: Vinogradov, A. P.
name: Lisyansky, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Comment, we refute conclusions made in Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 233601 (2014) by L.-G. Wang, L. Wang, M. Al-Amri, S.-Y. Zhu, and M. S. Zubairy. These conclusions stem from the use of the linear theory, which is not applicable to systems having poles of the reflection and transmission coefficients in the upper half of the complex frequency plane.
Additional file 1 of Concurrent use of opioids and stimulants and risk of fatal overdose: A cohort study
Creators: name: Palis, Heather
name: Xavier, Chloé
name: Dobrer, Sabina
name: Desai, Roshni
name: Sedgemore, Kali-olt
name: Scow, Marnie
name: Lock, Kurt
name: Gan, Wenqi
name: Slaunwhite, Amanda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Heating of trapped ultracold atoms by collapse dynamics
Creators: name: Laloë, Franck
name: Mullin, William J.
name: Pearle, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {The Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) theory alters the Schrödinger equation. It describes wave function collapse as a dynamical process instead of an ill-defined postulate, thereby providing macroscopic uniqueness and solving the so-called measurement problem of standard quantum theory. CSL contains a parameter $λ$ giving the collapse rate of an isolated nucleon in a superposition of two spatially separated states and, more generally, characterizing the collapse time for any physical situation. CSL is experimentally testable, since it predicts some behavior different from that predicted by standard quantum theory. One example is the narrowing of wave functions, which results in energy imparted to particles. Here we consider energy given to trapped ultra-cold atoms. Since these are the coldest samples under experimental investigation, it is worth inquiring how they are affected by the CSL heating mechanism. We examine the CSL heating of a BEC in contact with its thermal cloud. Of course, other mechanisms also provide heat and also particle loss. From varied data on optically trapped cesium BEC's, we present an energy audit for known heating and loss mechanisms. The result provides an upper limit on CSL heating and thereby an upper limit on the parameter $λ$. We obtain $λ\lesssim 1(\pm1)\times 10^{-7}$sec$^{-1}$.}
description: 36 pages; 5 figures, 3 tables
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-482
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-482. The artifacts are two brown/gray banded Monterey chert flakes.
Emergent Non-Abelian Gauge Theory in Coupled Spin-Electron Dynamics
Creators: name: Lenzing, Nicolas
name: Lichtenstein, Alexander I.
name: Potthoff, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A clear separation of the time scales governing the dynamics of "slow" and "fast" degrees of freedom often serves as a prerequisite for the emergence of an independent low-energy theory. Here, we consider (slow) classical spins exchange coupled to a tight-binding system of (fast) conduction electrons. The effective equations of motion are derived under the constraint that the quantum state of the electron system at any instant of time $t$ lies in the $n$-dimensional low-energy subspace for the corresponding spin configuration at $t$. The effective low-energy theory unfolds itself straightforwardly and takes the form of a non-abelian gauge theory with the gauge freedom given by the arbitrariness of the basis spanning the instantaneous low-energy sector. The holonomic constraint generates a gauge covariant spin-Berry curvature tensor in the equations of motion for the classical spins. In the non-abelian theory for $n>1$, opposed to the $n=1$ adiabatic spin dynamics theory, the spin-Berry curvature is generically nonzero, even for time-reversal symmetric systems. Its expectation value with the representation of the electron state is gauge invariant and gives rise to an additional {\em geometrical} spin torque. Besides anomalous precession, the $n\ge 2$ theory also captures the spin nutational motion, which is usually considered as a retardation effect. This is demonstrated by proof-of-principle numerical calculations for a minimal model with a single classical spin. Already for $n=2$ and in parameter regimes where the $n=1$ adiabatic theory breaks down, we find good agreement with results obtained from the full (unconstrained) theory.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, v2 with minor changes
The domestic pig as human‐relevant large animal model to study adaptive antifungal immune responses against airborne Aspergillus fumigatus
Creators: name: Schmidt, Stefanie
name: Ebner, Friederike
name: Rosen, Kerstin
name: Kniemeyer, Olaf
name: Brakhage, Axel A.
name: Löfﬂer, Jürgen
name: Seif, Michelle
name: Springer, Jan
name: Schlosser, Josephine
name: Scharek-Tedin, Lydia
name: Scheffold, Alexander
name: Bacher, Petra
name: Kühl, Anja A.
name: Rösler, Uwe
name: Hartmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aspergillus fumigatus
subject: Fungal aerosolization
subject: Porcine large animal model
subject: Pul-monary immune response
subject: Tcells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::632 Schäden, Krankheiten, Schädlinge an Pflanzen

description: Pulmonary mucosal immune response is critical for preventing opportunistic Aspergillus fumigatus infections. Although fungus‐specific CD4+ T cells in blood are described to reflect the actual host–pathogen interaction status, little is known about Aspergillus‐specific pulmonary T‐cell responses. Here, we exploit the domestic pig as human‐relevant large animal model and introduce antigen‐specific T‐cell enrichment in pigs to address Aspergillus‐specific T cells in the lung compared to peripheral blood. In healthy, environmentally Aspergillus‐exposed pigs, the fungus‐specific T cells are detectable in blood in similar frequencies as observed in healthy humans and exhibit a Th1 phenotype. Exposing pigs to 106 cfu/m3 conidia induces a long‐lasting accumulation of Aspergillus‐specific Th1 cells locally in the lung and also systemically. Temporary immunosuppression during Aspergillus‐exposure showed a drastic reduction in the lung‐infiltrating antifungal T‐cell responses more than 2 weeks after abrogation of the suppressive treatment. This was reflected in blood, but to a much lesser extent. In conclusion, by using the human‐relevant large animal model the pig, this study highlights that the blood clearly reflects the mucosal fungal‐specific T‐cell reactivity in environmentally exposed as well as experimentally exposed healthy pigs. But, immunosuppression significantly impacts the mucosal site in contrast to the initial systemic immune response.
Critical exponents of O(N) models in fractional dimensions
Creators: name: Codello, A.
name: Defenu, N.
name: D'Odorico, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute critical exponents of O(N) models in fractal dimensions between two and four, and for continuos values of the number of field components N, in this way completing the RG classification of universality classes for these models. In d=2 the N-dependence of the correlation length critical exponent gives us the last piece of information needed to establish a RG derivation of the Mermin-Wagner theorem. We also report critical exponents for multi-critical universality classes in the cases N>1 and N=0. Finally, in the large-N limit our critical exponents correctly approach those of the spherical model, allowing us to set N~100 as threshold for the quantitative validity of leading order large-N estimates.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, reference added
Integrated optical-readout of a high-Q mechanical out-of-plane mode
Creators: name: Guo, Jingkun
name: Gröblacher, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid development of high-Q macroscopic mechanical resonators has enabled great advances in optomechanics. Further improvements could allow for quantum-limited or quantum-enhanced applications at ambient temperature. Some of the remaining challenges include the integration of high-Q structures on a chip, while simultaneously achieving large coupling strengths through an optical read-out. Here, we present a versatile fabrication method, which allows us to build fully integrated optomechanical structures. We place a photonic crystal cavity directly above a mechanical resonator with high-Q fundamental out-of-plane mode, separated by a small gap. The highly confined optical field has a large overlap with the mechanical mode, enabling strong optomechanical interaction strengths. Furthermore, we implement a novel photonic crystal design, which allows for a very large cavity photon number, a highly important feature for optomechanical experiments and sensor applications. Our versatile approach is not limited to our particular design but allows for integrating an out-of-plane optical read-out into almost any device layout. Additionally, it can be scaled to large arrays and paves the way to realizing quantum experiments and applications with mechanical resonators based on high-Q out-of-plane modes alike.
On the role of the microstructure in the deformation of porous solids
Creators: name: Patnaik, Sansit
name: Jokar, Mehdi
name: Ding, Wei
name: Semperlotti, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study explores the role that the microstructure plays in determining the macroscopic static response of porous elastic continua and exposes the occurrence of position-dependent nonlocal effects that are strictly correlated to the configuration of the microstructure. Then, a nonlocal continuum theory based on variable-order fractional calculus is developed in order to accurately capture the complex spatially distributed nonlocal response. The remarkable potential of the fractional approach is illustrated by simulating the nonlinear thermoelastic response of porous beams. The performance, evaluated both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, is directly contrasted with high-fidelity finite element models that fully resolve the pores' geometry. Results indicate that the reduced-order representation of the porous microstructure, captured by the synthetic variable-order parameter, offers a robust and accurate representation of the multiscale material architecture that largely outperforms classical approaches based on the concept of average porosity.
description: 11 pages and 5 figures
title: The Huisgen Reaction
title: Milestones of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Breugst, Martin
name: Reissig, Hans‐Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
subject: click chemistry
subject: computational chemistry
subject: heterocycles
subject: reaction mechanisms
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The concept of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions was presented by Rolf Huisgen 60 years ago. Previously unknown reactive intermediates, for example azomethine ylides, were introduced to organic chemistry and the (3+2) cycloadditions of 1,3‐dipoles to multiple‐bond systems (Huisgen reaction) developed into one of the most versatile synthetic methods in heterocyclic chemistry. In this Review, we present the history of this research area, highlight important older reports, and describe the evolution and further development of the concept. The most important mechanistic and synthetic results are discussed. Quantum‐mechanical calculations support the concerted mechanism always favored by R. Huisgen; however, in extreme cases intermediates may be involved. The impact of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions on the click chemistry concept of K. B. Sharpless will also be discussed.
Undulatory swimming in shear-thinning fluids: Experiments with C. elegans
Creators: name: Gagnon, David A.
name: Keim, Nathan C.
name: Arratia, Paulo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The swimming behaviour of microorganisms can be strongly influenced by the rheology of their fluid environment. In this manuscript, we experimentally investigate the effects of shear-thinning viscosity on the swimming behaviour of an undulatory swimmer, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tracking methods are used to measure the swimmer's kinematic data (including propulsion speed) and velocity fields. We find that shear-thinning viscosity modifies the velocity fields produced by the swimming nematode but does not modify the nematode's speed and beating kinematics. Velocimetry data show significant enhancement in local vorticity and circulation and an increase in fluid velocity near the nematode's tail compared to Newtonian fluids of similar effective viscosity. These findings are compared to recent theoretical and numerical results.
HST Imaging of Fading AGN Candidates I: Host-Galaxy Properties and Origin of the Extended Gas
Creators: name: Keel, William C.
name: Maksym, W. Peter
name: Bennert, Vardha N.
name: Lintott, Chris J.
name: Chojnowski, S. Drew
name: Moiseev, Alexei
name: Smirnova, Aleksandrina
name: Schawinski, Kevin
name: Urry, C. Megan
name: Evans, Daniel A.
name: Pancoast, Anna
name: Scott, Bryan
name: Showley, Charles
name: Flatland, Kelsi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present narrow- and medium-band HST imaging, with additional supporting ground-based data, for 8 galaxies identified as hosting fading AGN. These have AGN-ionized gas projected >10 kpc from the nucleus, and significant shortfall of ionizing radiation between the distant gas and the AGN, indicating fading AGN on ~50,000-year timescales. Every system shows evidence of ongoing or past interactions; a similar sample of obscured AGN with extended ionized clouds shares this incidence of disturbances. Several systems show multiple dust lanes in different orientations, broadly fit by differentially precessing disks of accreted material ~1.5 Gyr after initial arrival. The gas has lower metallicity than the nuclei; three systems have abundances uniformly well below solar, consistent with an origin in tidally disrupted low-luminosity galaxies, while some systems have more nearly solar abundances (accompanied by such signatures as multiple Doppler components), which may suggest redistribution of gas by outflows within the host galaxies themselves. These aspects are consistent with a tidal origin for the extended gas in most systems, although the ionized gas and stellar tidal features do not always match closely. In contrast to clouds near radio-loud AGN, these are dominated by rotation, in some cases in warped disks. Outflows are important only in localized regions near some of the AGN. In UGC 7342 and UGC 11185, luminous star clusters are seen within projected ionization cones, potentially triggered by outflows. As in the discovery example Hanny's Voorwerp/IC 2497, some clouds lack a strong correlation between H-alpha surface brightness and ionization parameter, indicating unresolved fine structure. Together with thin coherent filaments spanning several kpc, persistence of these structures over their orbital lifetimes may require a role for magnetic confinement. (Abridged)
description: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. This revised version adds spectroscopic estimates of abundances and new kinematic data. Figures compressed for space
Interpreting language-learning data
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: language-learning data
subject: 400 Sprache::400 Sprache::400 Sprache

description: This book provides a forum for methodological discussions emanating from researchers engaged in studying how individuals acquire an additional language. Whereas publications in the field of second language acquisition generally report on empirical studies with relatively little space dedicated to questions of method, the current book gave authors the opportunity to more fully develop a discussion piece around a methodological issue in connection with the interpretation of language-learning data. The result is a set of seven thought-provoking contributions from researchers with diverse interests. Three main topics are addressed in these chapters: the role of native-speaker norms in second-language analyses, the impact of epistemological stance on experimental design and/or data interpretation, and the challenges of transcription and annotation of language-learning data, with a focus on data ambiguity. Authors expand on these crucial issues, reflect on best practices, and provide in many instances concrete examples of the impact they have on data interpretation.
EKOLOGIK-GEOGRAFIK UZOQ G'O'ZA DURAGAYLARIDA AYRIM MORFOXO'JALIK BELGILARNING IRSIYLANISHI VA O'ZGARUVCHANLIGI
Creators: name: Raupova, Iroda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Kelib chiqishi uzoq bo'lgan g'o'za namunalarini duragaylash asosida yaratilgan yangi tizmalarda qimmatli xo'jalik belgilarining jumaladan tola chiqimi, tola uzunligi va bitta ko'sakdagi paxta vaznining o'zgaruvchanligi aniqlangan. G'o'za navlari chatishtirilganda F1 , F2 avlodlarda belgilarining irsiyat va o'zgaruvchanlik qanday o'zgarishi ko'rsatib berilgan.
Inflation of test accuracy due to data leakage in deep learning-based classification of OCT images
Creators: name: Tampu, Iulian Emil
name: Eklund, Anders
name: Haj-Hosseini, Neda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the application of deep learning on optical coherence tomography (OCT) data, it is common to train classification networks using 2D images originating from volumetric data. Given the micrometer resolution of OCT systems, consecutive images are often very similar in both visible structures and noise. Thus, an inappropriate data split can result in overlap between the training and testing sets, with a large portion of the literature overlooking this aspect. In this study, the effect of improper dataset splitting on model evaluation is demonstrated for three classification tasks using three OCT open-access datasets extensively used, Kermany's and Srinivasan's ophthalmology datasets, and AIIMS breast tissue dataset. Results show that the classification performance is inflated by 0.07 up to 0.43 in terms of Matthews Correlation Coefficient (accuracy: 5% to 30%) for models tested on datasets with improper splitting, highlighting the considerable effect of dataset handling on model evaluation. This study intends to raise awareness on the importance of dataset splitting given the increased research interest in implementing deep learning on OCT data.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures