cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The masses of hadrons in the chiral symmetry restored vacuum
Creators: name: Kim, Jisu
name: Lee, Su Houng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the masses of the vector and axial-vector mesons as well as the nucleon and the delta resonance in the chiral symmetry restored vacuum. This is accomplished by separating the quark operators appearing in the QCD sum rules for these hadrons into the chiral symmetric and symmetry breaking parts depending on the contributions of the fermion zero modes. We then extract the vacuum expectation values of all the separated parts of the quark operators using the QCD sum rule relations for these hadrons with their vacuum masses and widths. By taking the chiral symmetry breaking parts to be zero while keeping the symmetric operators to their vacuum values, we obtain the chiral symmetric part of the hadron masses. We find that the masses of chiral partners, such as the $(ρ,a_1)$ and $(K^*,K_1)$, become degenerate to values between 500 and 600 MeV in the chiral symmetry restored vacuum, while parity partners $(ω,f_1)$ that are chiral partners only in the limit where the disconnected diagrams are neglected remain non-degenerate with masses $(655,1060)$ MeV, respectively. The masses of the nucleon and the Delta are also found to reduce to about 500 and 600 MeV, respectively, in the chiral symmetric vacuum. This shows that while chiral symmetry breaking is responsible for the mass difference between chiral partner, both the meson and baryon retain non-trivial fraction of their masses in the chiral symmetry restored vacuum.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
"EMOTIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT" IN FUTURE DOCTORS
Creators: name: Honchar, V.
name: Zhytniy, M.
name: Harchenko, O.
name: Chyrkin, V.
name: Bogomolna, L.
name: Danylchenko, A.
name: Derkach, A.
name: Lulka, I.
name: Reshetova, O.
name: Baklunov, V.
name: M’Yasoed Yu.
name: Tereshchenko, N.
name: Chernenko, G.
name: Slesarenko, O.
name: Нalazdra, S.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: chronic fatigue syndrome
emotional burnout
medical students
students.

description: There is a steady interest in the study of chronic fatigue syndrome and emotional burnout, as emotional burnout is one of the most common problems in the modern world. This problem applies not only to professionals engaged in professional activities, but also to students. Most students experience the effects of emotional burnout to varying degrees, especially medical students are exposed to many risks of this syndrome due to the peculiarities of the educational process in higher medical education. The concept of "emotional or professional burnout" was first introduced by the American psychologist Freudenberg and referred to the "psychological state of people who communicate intensively and closely with others" (Freudenberger, 1980). Initially, the group included specialists who worked in psychiatric clinics and crisis centers, and later in this group joined all those who by the nature of their professional activities are forced to constantly communicate with people, or work in extreme situations. The concept of "emotional burnout syndrome" from the English burn out burn out, "the negative impact of professional activities on the individual in the field of man man" has become established as certain changes in human behavior and condition. Studies around the world show that emotional burnout is beginning to take shape in senior medical students. Working in the medical field has many different and often unusual requirements for a medical student.
Chaos in generalized Jaynes-Cummings model. Kinetic approach
Creators: name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Toklikishvili, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study possibility of chaos formation in the dynamics governed by paradigmatic model of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, the so called James-Cammings model. In particular we consider generalized JC model. It is shown that even in the case of zero detuning dynamics is chaotic. Kinetic approach for the problem under study has been applied.
Stereoselective synthesis of 3-sulfone sugars via cobalt catalysis
Creators: name: Xiong, Tao
name: Cao, Zhen
name: Gu, Jiarui
name: Wang, Nengzhong
name: Liu, Mingguo
name: Yao, Hui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: We report herein the stereoselective synthesis of 3-sulfone sugars in good yields from glycals and sodium arylsulfinates. Various 3,4-O-carbonate glycals were sulfonylated directly by a range of benzene- and naphthalene-sulfinic acid sodium salts catalyzed by cobalt species, demonstrating a broad substrate scope. The mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation from the bottom face of the sugar ring due to the steric effect from the C3 group of glycals was proposed. Moroever, cobalt catalysis tends to favor branched allylation, resulting in excellent regioselectivity. This synthetic strategy features the green sulfone source, good functional group tolerance, exclusive regioselectivity, and excellent stereoselectivity.
Classifying Seyfert galaxies with deep learning
Creators: name: Chen, Yen Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional classification for subclass of the Seyfert galaxies is visual inspection or using a quantity defined as a flux ratio between the Balmer line and forbidden line. One algorithm of deep learning is Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and has shown successful classification results. We building a 1-dimension CNN model to distinguish Seyfert 1.9 spectra from Seyfert 2 galaxies. We find our model can recognize Seyfert 1.9 and Seyfert 2 spectra with an accuracy over 80% and pick out an additional Seyfert 1.9 sample which was missed by visual inspection. We use the new Seyfert 1.9 sample to improve performance of our model and obtain a 91% precision of Seyfert 1.9. These results indicate our model can pick out Seyfert 1.9 spectra among Seyfert 2 spectra. We decompose Hα emission line of our Seyfert 1.9 galaxies by fitting 2 Gaussian components and derive line width and flux. We find velocity distribution of broad Hα component of the new Seyfert 1.9 sample has an extending tail toward the higher end and luminosity of the new Seyfert 1.9 sample is slightly weaker than the original Seyfert 1.9 sample. This result indicates that our model can pick out the sources that have relatively weak broad Hα component. Besides, we check distributions of the host galaxy morphology of our Seyfert 1.9 samples and find the distribution of the host galaxy morphology is dominant by large bulge galaxy. In the end, we present an online catalog of 1297 Seyfert 1.9 galaxies with measurement of Hα emission line.
description: accepted for publication in ApJS
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCES FOR THE FALLACY OF THE STR VERSION IN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS
Creators: name: Antonov, A.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: imaginary numbers
special theory of relativity
Ohm’s law
resonance
transient processes
dark matter
dark energy
invisible universes
Multiverse
portals
anomalous zones.

description: The article presents experimental proofs2 of falsity of the generally accepted version of the SRT studied in physics textbooks and truth of its alternative version. It is shown that there would be no radio engineering, electrical engineering, Ohm’s law in Steinmetz’s interpretation or physical phenomenon of resonance, we would neither hear bell ringing or piano music, as well as no tsunami or Indian summer or other things would ever exist, if the generally accepted version of the SRT were correct. Even children’s swing wouldn’t sway after being pushed by parents. Therefore, it is concluded that the sections of physics textbooks related to relativistic physics, astronomy and astrophysics require correction.
A theoretical study of the (π,πn) knock-out reaction
Creators: name: Shrimpton, Neil Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The (π, πn) reaction is studied theoretically, the specific case examined being 0¹⁶(π⁺, π⁺p)N¹⁵. Calculations of the differential cross sections for 1P ½ and 1P 3/2 protons are made at various incident pion energies. The remaining kinematic variables are specified by a geometry which emphasizes the behavior of the two-body pion nucleon interaction. The aim is to examine the influence of the nucleus on the two-body interaction. In particular, the influences of Pauli exclusion of the nucleon, the off-shell effect, and the effective polarization of the nucleon are examined. The computation is performed using the factorized distorted wave impulse approximation. By evaluating the distorted wave matrix element in coordinate space the localization of the knock-out reaction in the nucleus is determined. The Pauli exclusion of the nucleon is found to have the largest influence on the differential cross section at incident pion energies of 116 MeV. At higher energies the knock-out reaction occurs at the extreme edge of the nucleus and the effect of Pauli exclusion is minimal. At lower energies, the two-body interaction itself is less sensitive to Pauli exclusion. Off-shell effects were found to be very small. The polarization of the proton was found to have a large influence on the cross sections. Furthermore, it is noted that comparing the cross sections for 1P ½ and 1P3/2 protons will indicate the effective polarization of the proton in the nucleus.
Instability of frozen-in states in synchronous Hebbian neural networks
Creators: name: Metz, F. L.
name: Theumann, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full dynamics of a synchronous recurrent neural network model with Ising binary units and a Hebbian learning rule with a finite self-interaction is studied in order to determine the stability to synaptic and stochastic noise of frozen-in states that appear in the absence of both kinds of noise. Both, the numerical simulation procedure of Eissfeller and Opper and a new alternative procedure that allows to follow the dynamics over larger time scales have been used in this work. It is shown that synaptic noise destabilizes the frozen-in states and yields either retrieval or paramagnetic states for not too large stochastic noise. The indications are that the same results may follow in the absence of synaptic noise, for low stochastic noise.
description: 14 pages and 4 figures; accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen
The impacts of benzoyl and benzyl groups on the non-covalent interactions and electronic properties of glycosyl acceptors
Creators: name: Zhu, Shengyong
name: Qin, Chunjun
name: Wang, Yuying
name: Hu, Jing
name: Yin, Jian
name: You, Qingjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Modulating the reactivity of glycosyl acceptors has become a key in promoting the chemical synthesis of complex glycans. Herein, computational chemistry was employed to explore the impacts of protecting groups on the non-covalent interactions and electronic properties of glycosyl acceptors. Wavefunction analyses showed that substituting benzoyl groups with benzyl groups and introducing a benzyl group to the C2 amine of a D-GlcpNAc residue can eliminate intra-/intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby altering the charge distribution significantly. This protecting group-induced charge distribution increases the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl group. This study may contribute to understanding the assistance of computational chemistry in glycan synthesis.
Structural, Vibrational and Thermodynamic Properties of AgnCu34-n Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Yildirim, Handan
name: Kara, Abdelkader
name: Rahman, Talat. S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of a systematic study of structural, vibrational and thermodynamical properties of 34-atom bimetallic nanoparticles from the AgnCu34-n family using model interaction potentials as derived from the embedded atom method and in the harmonic approximation of lattice dynamics. Systematic trends in the bond length and dynamical properties can be explained largely on arguments based on local coordination and elemental environment. Thus increase in the number of silver atoms in a given neighborhood introduces a monotonic increase in bond length while increase of the copper content does the reverse. Moreover, based on bond lengths of the lowest coordinated (6 and 8) copper atoms with their nearest neighbors (Cu atoms), we find that the nanoparticles divide into two groups with average bond length either close to (~ 2.58 A) or smaller (~ 2.48 A) than that in bulk copper, accompanied by characteristic features in their vibrational density of states. For the entire set of nanoparticles, vibrational modes are found above the bulk bands of copper/silver. Furthermore, a blue shift in the high frequency end with increasing number of copper atoms in the nanoparticles is traced to a shrinkage of bond lengths from bulk values. The vibrational densities of states at the low frequency end of the spectrum scale linearly with frequency as for single element nanoparticles, however, the effect is more pronounced for these nanoalloys. The Debye temperature was found to be about one third of that of the bulk for pure copper and silver nanoparticles with a non-linear increase with increasing number of copper atoms in the nanoalloys.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures
Challenges and Opportunities of Evolutionary Robotics
Creators: name: Sofge, D. A.
name: Potter, M. A.
name: Bugajska, M. D.
name: Schultz, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic hardware designs are becoming more complex as the variety and number of on-board sensors increase and as greater computational power is provided in ever-smaller packages on-board robots. These advances in hardware, however, do not automatically translate into better software for controlling complex robots. Evolutionary techniques hold the potential to solve many difficult problems in robotics which defy simple conventional approaches, but present many challenges as well. Numerous disciplines including artificial life, cognitive science and neural networks, rule-based systems, behavior-based control, genetic algorithms and other forms of evolutionary computation have contributed to shaping the current state of evolutionary robotics. This paper provides an overview of developments in the emerging field of evolutionary robotics, and discusses some of the opportunities and challenges which currently face practitioners in the field.
description: 6 pages
Chemical modifications of xylan from sugarcane bagasse and their regulatory effects on gut microbiota in mice
Creators: name: Zhang, Guozhu
name: Guan, Yuan
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Li, Jing
name: Chen, Haishan
name: Zhou, Li
name: Liang, Jun
name: Li, Xia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The absorption and metabolism of indigestible dietary glycans play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier and shaping the gut microbiota. Three chemically modified products of xylan, including carboxymethylated xylan, xylan–zinc complex, and carboxymethylated xylan–zinc complex, were synthesized using xylan from sugarcane bagasse. The potential effects of xylan before and after modification on the intestinal barriers and intestinal microbiota of mice were subsequently investigated and compared, revealing distinct changes in the gut microbiota of mice. The results suggest that the chemically modified xylan products have the potential to induce specific regulatory functions on the gut microbiota.
Financial Return Distributions: Past, Present, and COVID-19
Creators: name: Wątorek, Marcin
name: Kwapień, Jarosław
name: Drożdż, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze the price return distributions of currency exchange rates, cryptocurrencies, and contracts for differences (CFDs) representing stock indices, stock shares, and commodities. Based on recent data from the years 2017--2020, we model tails of the return distributions at different time scales by using power-law, stretched exponential, and $q$-Gaussian functions. We focus on the fitted function parameters and how they change over the years by comparing our results with those from earlier studies and find that, on the time horizons of up to a few minutes, the so-called "inverse-cubic power-law" still constitutes an appropriate global reference. However, we no longer observe the hypothesized universal constant acceleration of the market time flow that was manifested before in an ever faster convergence of empirical return distributions towards the normal distribution. Our results do not exclude such a scenario but, rather, suggest that some other short-term processes related to a current market situation alter market dynamics and may mask this scenario. Real market dynamics is associated with a continuous alternation of different regimes with different statistical properties. An example is the COVID-19 pandemic outburst, which had an enormous yet short-time impact on financial markets. We also point out that two factors -- speed of the market time flow and the asset cross-correlation magnitude -- while related (the larger the speed, the larger the cross-correlations on a given time scale), act in opposite directions with regard to the return distribution tails, which can affect the expected distribution convergence to the normal distribution.
Effective Field Theory with a Variable Ultraviolet Cutoff
Creators: name: Tetradis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of strongly gravitating systems suggest that field theory overcounts the states of a system. Reducing the number of degrees of freedom, without abandoning the notion of effective field theory, may be achieved through a connection between the ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs. We provide an implementation of this idea within the Wilsonian approach to the renormalization group. We derive an exact flow equation that describes the evolution of the effective action. We discuss the implications for the existence of infrared fixed points and the running of couplings. We also give an alternative derivation in the context of the perturbative renormalization group.
description: minor corrections, additional references
Synergy and policy-making in German innovation systems: Smart Specialisation Strategies at national, regional, local levels?
Creators: name: Ruhrmann, Henriette
name: Fritsch, Michael
name: Leydesdorff, Loet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Tools for Smart Specialisation Strategy (RIS3) development to assess at which territorial level innovation is concentrated and how innovation systems compare across regions and sectors remain scarce. The triple helix indicator is a data-driven tool that can serve in RIS3 development to assess synergy in innovation systems based on readily available data sets. For Germany, we find strong decentralization with innovation system synergy concentrated at regional and local levels. Innovation systems in manufacturing are less regionalized than in knowledge-intensive services. An East–West divide persists. RIS3 policy-making should account for decentralization by building capacity for region-specific RIS3 development at lower governance levels.
Sivers Asymmetries for Inclusive Pion and Kaon Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Hwang, Dae Sung
name: Kotzinian, Aram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Sivers distribution functions induced by the final-state interaction due to one-gluon exchange in diquark models of nucleon structure, treating the cases of scalar and axial-vector diquarks with both dipole and Gaussian form factors. We use these distribution functions to calculate the Sivers single-spin asymmetries for inclusive pion and kaon production in deep-inelastic scattering. We compare our calculations with the results of HERMES and COMPASS, finding good agreement for pi+ production at HERMES, and qualitative agreement for pi0 and K+ production. Our predictions for pion and kaon production at COMPASS could be probed with increased statistics. The successful comparison of our calculations with the HERMES data constitutes prima facie evidence that the quarks in the nucleon have some orbital angular momentum in the infinite-momentum frame.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures
HUMUS CONDITION OF CLEAR-GRAY FOREST SOIL IN DOUBLE FIELD SHORT-ROTARY CULTIVATION OF POLISSIA DEPENDING ON THE SATURATION OF CULTIVARIANCE OF POTATOES AND FERTILIZERS
Creators: name: Klymenko, T.
name: Omelchuk, A.
name: Petruk, V.
name: Risich M.
name: Kukhta, V.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: potatoes
fertilizers
humus
deficit-free balance
crop rotation.

description: The connection between potato saturation, crop fertilization and the balance of humus of light gray forest soil in short-rotation crop rotations in Polissya is considered. It is proved that at saturation of crop rotations with 50% of potatoes for deficit-free balance of humus it is expedient to apply, as an alternative fertilizer, straw + greens + manure + N45P50K60
Machine learning and the identification of Smart Specialisation thematic networks in Arctic Scandinavia
Creators: name: Moilanen, Mikko
name: Østbye, Stein
name: Simonen, Jaakko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The European Union (EU) has recognized that universities and research institutes play a critical role in regional Smart Specialisation processes. Our research aims to identify thematic cross-border research domains across space and disciplines in Arctic Scandinavia. We identify potential domains using an unsupervised machine-learning technique (topic modelling). We uncover latent topics based on similarities in the vocabulary of research papers. The proposed methodology can be utilized to identify common research domains across regions and disciplines in almost real time, thereby acting as a decision support system to facilitate cooperation among knowledge producers.
Bipolar Molecular Outflow from M17
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinematics of the molecular clouds in the star forming complex M17 is studied using the high-resolution CO-line mapping data at resolution ($20" \sim 0.2$ pc) with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. The northern molecular cloud of M17, which we call the molecular "lobe", is shown to have an elongated shell structure around a top-covered cylindrical cavity. The lobe is expanding at $\sim 5$ \kms in the minor axis direction, and at $ \sim 3/\cos \ i$ km s$^{-1}$ in the major axis direction, where $i$ is the inclination of the major axis. The kinetic energy of the expanding motion is on the order of $\sim 3\times 10^{49}$ ergs. We show that the lobe is a backyard structure having the common origin to the denser molecular "horn" flowing out from NGC 6618 toward the south, so that the lobe and horn compose a bipolar outflow. Intensity distributions across the lobe and horn show a double-peak profile typical for a cylinder around a cavity. Position-velocity diagrams (PVD) across the lobe and horn exhibit open ring structure with the higher- and/or lower-velocity side(s) being lacking or faded. This particular PVD behavior can be attributed to outflow in a conical cylinder with the flow velocity increasing toward the lobe and horn axes.
description: Accepted for MNRAS, 10 pages, 13 figures
Alternative care delivery systems : an empirical study and commentary
Creators: name: Ratsoy, M. Bernadet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The rising costs of health care and the lack of integration between parts of the delivery system has led to discussion and experiments on new forms of delivering care. Governments have included the development of ambulatory care in new statements of objectives and goals in the hope that expenditures might be reduced through the reduced use of acute care hospital beds. This is a study of the experience surrounding an acute care hospital's attempts to have a Medical Day Care Program accepted by the government as an adjunct to the existing Ambulatory Care Services of the hospital. As Director of Nursing at the hospital it was possible to follow the sequence of events, concept development, proposal design, ministry involvement, implementation and evaluation. A diary was kept for one year following implementation of the program as a pilot project and project documents have contributed to the analysis of events. What was not readily apparent were the many forces outside the hospital which were impacting on the likelihood of the proposal's acceptance. Since Ambulatory Care was the health policy of the 1970's it was puzzling to find the Ministry of Health unresponsive to a proposal which seemed most appropriate. In attempts to resolve the puzzle regarding the lack of interest in ambulatory care at the hospital level, other developments in the province were reviewed. Planning models were explored seeking explanation for inconsistencies observed between stated government objectives and government behavior in relation to the development of hospital ambulatory care. More satisfactory explanations were found in a political model than in planning models, in the light of actual developments. Some conclusions are drawn about the impact of political realities on management functions in health care institutions.
Measurement of the ttbar production cross section in ppbar collisions using dilepton events
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the ttbar pair production cross section in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV utilizing approximately 425 pb-1 of data collected with the D0 detector. We consider decay channels containing two high pT charged leptons (either e or μ) from leptonic decays of both top-daughter W bosons. These were gathered using four sets of selection criteria, three of which required that a pair of fully identified leptons (i.e., eμ, ee, or μμ) be found. The fourth approach imposed less restrictive criteria on one of the lepton candidates and required that at least one hadronic jet in each event be tagged as containing a b quark. For a top quark mass of 175 GeV, the measured cross section is 7.4 +/-1.4(stat} +/- 1.0(syst) pb.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
VV-ECMO in ARDS: past, present and future
Creators: name: Assouline, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2025
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/617

description:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition, first described in 1967.1 57 years later, ARDS is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory failure and remains associated with a high mortality rate, ranging from 34 to 46%.2 Annually, ARDS impacts about 3 millions of patients worldwide, with about 200,000 cases reported in the United States each year, resulting in nearly 75,000 deaths.3

Despite decades of research, the management of ARDS remains supportive. In fact, more than 150 RCTs were conducted since ARDS first description. To date, no specific pharmacologic therapies have been successfully developed and only few interventions have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality rate. Protective mechanical ventilation and prone positioning currently represent the cornerstone of ARDS management. However, some patients are refractory to optimal conventional management. In life-threatening situations, ECLS has been proposed as a potential rescue strategy. Since the first successful case described in 1972,4 and after several negative trials, ECMO has finally become an established treatment for refractory ARDS. In fact, recent guidelines advocate for its use in selected patients and high-volume centers (strong recommendation, moderate level of evidence).5

This thesis aims to review the historical perspective and evidence supporting the use of VV- ECMO in the management of ARDS. The introduction is divided into two parts. The first part will introduce ARDS, and the second part will focus on the aims, key principles, historical perspective and evidence associated with this technique in ARDS. Then, a line of work will present and highlight the methodological limitations of RCTs conducted in ARDS, the impact of the timing of implantation of ECLS in ARDS, the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnant patients rescued with ECMO in severe ARDS, and the management of mechanical ventilation during ECMO support. Finally, based on these findings, the research agenda will be reviewed and discussed.
Plan-Based Relaxed Reward Shaping for Goal-Directed Tasks
Creators: name: Schubert, Ingmar
name: Oguz, Ozgur S.
name: Toussaint, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In high-dimensional state spaces, the usefulness of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is limited by the problem of exploration. This issue has been addressed using potential-based reward shaping (PB-RS) previously. In the present work, we introduce Final-Volume-Preserving Reward Shaping (FV-RS). FV-RS relaxes the strict optimality guarantees of PB-RS to a guarantee of preserved long-term behavior. Being less restrictive, FV-RS allows for reward shaping functions that are even better suited for improving the sample efficiency of RL algorithms. In particular, we consider settings in which the agent has access to an approximate plan. Here, we use examples of simulated robotic manipulation tasks to demonstrate that plan-based FV-RS can indeed significantly improve the sample efficiency of RL over plan-based PB-RS.
description: Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2021
Evidence-informed decision-making in Smart Specialisation Strategies: a patent-based approach for discovering regional technological capabilities
Creators: name: Natalicchio, Angelo
name: Mora, Luca
name: Ardito, Lorenzo
name: Petruzzelli, Antonio Messeni
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Discovering regional technological capabilities is key to underpinning the place-based and evidence-driven logic of Smart Specialisation. However, a comprehensive methodological approach for operationalizing the mapping, assessment and benchmarking of regional technological knowledge is urgently required. To address this need, we design and test a patent-based methodology that helps to profile technological domains in European Union regions, detects technological competitive advantages and opportunities for knowledge recombination, assesses selected S3 priorities against regional innovation performance measures, and conducts benchmarking activities. This study lays the foundation for tailoring a digital application to complement the suite of online services for S3 development currently available.
SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY AT VARIOUS NORMS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
Creators: name: Trembitska, O.
name: Sorochuk, M.
name: Serhiienko, T.
name: Zinkevych, V.
name: Konovchuk, M.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: sunflower
quantity of vegetable oil
mineral fertilizers
fertilizer options
quality of products.

description: According to research in Central Polissia on sod-podzolic soils, the hybrid Oplot had an exceptionally great influence on the growth, development, and productivity of sunflower seeds. It was noted that the development of sunflower plants is faster in the variant, where together with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and also phosphorus is used. The best maturing of sunflower is noted at use of N90P90K90 where the productivity of sunflower was optimum when using mineral fertilizer was at norm N90P90K90 and made 2.16 t/hectare and on quality indicators again mineral system N90P90K90 where the quantity of oil made 44.2% of seeds that for 8.6% exceeded control was the best.
The extragalactic optical-infrared background radiations, their time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
Creators: name: Franceschini, Alberto
name: Rodighiero, Giulia
name: Vaccari, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The background radiations in the optical and the infrared constitute a relevant cause of energy loss in the propagation of high energy particles through space. In particular, TeV observations with Cherenkov telescopes of extragalactic sources are influenced by the opacity effects due to the interaction of the very high-energy source photons with the background light. With the aim of assessing with the best possible detail these opacity terms, we have modelled the extragalactic optical and IR backgrounds using available information on cosmic sources in the universe from far-UV to sub-mm wavelengths over a wide range of cosmic epochs. We have exploited the relevant cosmological survey data - including number counts, redshift distributions, luminosity functions - from ground-based observatories in the optical, near-IR, and sub-mm, as well as multi-wavelength information coming from space telescopes, HST, ISO and Spitzer. Additional constraints have been used from direct measurements or upper limits on the extragalactic backgrounds by dedicated missions (COBE). All data were fitted and interpolated with a multi-wavelength backward evolutionary model, allowing us to estimate the background photon density and its redshift evolution. From the redshift-dependent background spectrum, the photon-photon opacities for sources of high-energy emission at any redshifts were then computed. The same results can also be used to compute the optical depths for any kind of processes in the intergalactic space involving interactions with background photons (like scattering of cosmic-ray particles). We have applied our photon-photon opacity estimates to the analysis of spectral data at TeV energies on a few BLAZARs of particular interest. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. The current paper has been corrected for a small error in eq.(13) appearing in the previous version
THE CONNECTION OF PHILOSOPHY AND PHYSICS THROUGH THE LAWS OF THE THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE
Creators: name: Rysin, A.
name: Nikiforov, I.
name: Boykachev, V.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Einstein SRT and GRT
vector potentials
wave of Louis de Broglie.

description: In this article we expand the number of laws of philosophy based on the principles of existence and interaction in the universe. At the same time, the result is a general formula of the universe, from which all the laws of physics follow
Vladimir Turaev, friend and colleague
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Athanase
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is a biography and a report on the work of Vladimir Turaev. Using fundamental techniques that are rooted in classical topology, Turaev introduced new ideas and tools that transformed the field of knots and links and invariants of 3-manifolds. He is one of the main founders of the new topic called quantum topology. In surveying Turaev's work, this article will give at the same time an overview of an important part of the intense activity in low-dimensional topology that took place over the last 45 years, with its connections with mathematical physics.
The BCS-BEC crossover and superconductivity in a lattice fermion model with hard core repulsion
Creators: name: Kujawa, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have considered the BCS-BEC crossover at T=0 in the framework of a lattice fermion model (the extended Hubbard model). We have analyzed the case of on-site hard core repulsion ($U=\infty$) and intersite attraction ($W<0$) in a 3D system with extended s-wave pairing symmetry. The mechanisms of density-driven and attraction-strength-driven crossover have been analyzed. We have obtained the ground state phase diagram. The analyzed quantities are: chemical potential, order parameter, coherence length and fraction of condensed particles.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the XII National School "Correlated Electron Systems Then and Now", Ustron, September 14-18, 2006
Constraining magnetic fields in intermediate-mass main-sequence stars with asteroseismology
Creators: name: Jordan, Van Beeck
name: Prat Vincent
name: Stéphane, Mathis
name: Conny, Aerts
name: Dominic, Bowman M.
name: Timothy, Van Reeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Stellar Magnetism
Asteroseismology
Intermediate-mass Main-sequence Stars
Gravity Modes
Stellar Rotation

description: This is the digital version of the poster presented by Jordan Van Beeck at the Nederlandse Astronomenconferentie (NAC), 2019.  (https://www.astro.rug.nl/nac2019/)

Additional information can be found in the references, for which we provide a link to the corresponding NASA astrophysics data system (ADS) pages:

[1]: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019arXiv190301426P/abstract

[2]: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.475..879T/abstract

[3]: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019arXiv190305620P/abstract

[4]: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010A%26A...517A..58D/abstract
description: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme (grant agreement number 670519: MAMSIE  and number 647383: SPIRE).
description: {"references": ["B. Paxton, R. Smolec, A. Gautschy, L. Bildsten, M. Cantiello, A. Dotter, R. Farmer, J. A. Goldberg, A. S. Jermyn, S. M. Kanbur, P. Marchant, J. Schwab, A. Thoul, R. H. D. Townsend, W. M. Wolf, M. Zhang, and F. X. Timmes. Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Pulsating Variable Stars, Rotation, Convective Boundaries, and Energy Conservation. arXiv e-prints, March 2019.", "R. H. D. Townsend, J. Goldstein, and E. G. Zweibel. Angular momentum transport by heat-driven g-modes in slowly pulsating B stars. MNRAS, 475(1):879\u2013893, March 2018.", "V. Prat, S. Mathis, B. Buysschaert, J. Van Beeck, D. M. Bowman, C. Aerts, and C. Neiner. Period spacings of gravity modes in rapidly rotating magnetic stars I. Axisymmetric fossil field with poloidal and toroidal components. arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1903.05620, March 2019.", "V. Duez and S. Mathis. Relaxed equilibrium configurations to model fossil fields . I. A first family. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 517:A58, July 2010."]}
Consistency of Planck Data With Power-Law Primordial Scalar Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Farhang, Marzieh
name: Esmaeilian, Muhammad Sadegh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we explore the possibility of variations in the primordial scalar power spectrum around the power-law shape, as predicted by single-field slow-roll inflationary scenarios. We search for the trace of these fluctuations in a semi-blind, model-independent way on the observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) sky. In particular we use two sets of perturbation patterns, specific patterns with typical features such as oscillations, bumps and transitions, as well as perturbation modes, constructed from the eigenanalysis of the forecasted or measured covariance of perturbation parameters. These modes, in principle, span the parameter space of all possible perturbations to the primordial spectrum, and when rank-ordered, the ones with the highest detectability would suffice to explore the constrainable features around the power-law spectrum in a data-driven (and not theoretically-biased) manner. With Planck measurements of CMB anisotropies, the amplitudes of all perturbation patterns considered in this work are found to be consistent with zero. This finding confirms, in the absence of theoretical biases, the consistency of the Planck data with the assumption of power-law inflationary pattern for the primordial spectrum.
description: 6 pages
The adaptive value of melanism in alpine Colias butterflies (Lepidoptera:Pieridae)
Creators: name: Roland, Jens
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Many insect populations become darker at high elevations and high latitudes. Despite absence of empirical evidence, it is commonly believed that melanism allows more efficient basking by insects in sunlight, thereby raising body temperature and increasing activity. Variation in melanism within a single population of alpine Colias sulphur butterflies (Lepidoptera:Pieridae) allowed determination of the advantage, in cold environments, for this characteristic. Alternative hypotheses relating the effect of melanism to fecundity, predation, diel activity, and seasonal survivorship were tested by field and laboratory observation and experiment. At low temperature, melanistic females are more fecund. A balancing advantage for light coloured females does not exist at high temperatures. Dark individuals suffer lower predation rates at high altitude than do light individuals; the opposite is not true at low elevation. Duration of diel activity is markedly extended for darker butterflies under cool conditions, but only slightly for light individuals during warm sunny periods. Melanistic individuals are able to prolong the duration of activity for feeding, mate location, oviposition and escape from predation under cold conditions. This appears to the prime benefit for melanism in this population. This is the first demonstration, in a natural population, of the benefit of alpine melanism in insects.
L-homologies of double complexes
Creators: name: Goswami, Amartya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U05, 18G35, 06A12

description: The notion of L-homologies (of double complexes) as proposed in this paper extends the notion of classical horizontal and vertical homologies, along with two other new homologies introduced in the homological diagram lemma called salamander lemma. We enumerate all L-homologies associated with an object of a double complex and provide new examples of exact sequences. We describe a classification problem of these exact sequences. We study two poset structures on these L-homologies; one of them determines the trivialities of horizontal and vertical homologies of an object in terms of other L-homologies of that object, whereas the second structure shows the significance of the two homologies introduced in salamander lemma. Finally, we prove the existence of a faithful amnestic Grothendieck fibration from the category of L-homologies to a category consisting of objects and morphisms of a given double complex.
description: 10 pages
Thinkback: Task-SpecificOut-of-Distribution Detection
Creators: name: Yang, Lixuan
name: Rossi, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increased success of Deep Learning (DL) has recently sparked large-scale deployment of DL models in many diverse industry segments. Yet, a crucial weakness of supervised model is the inherent difficulty in handling out-of-distribution samples, i.e., samples belonging to classes that were not presented to the model at training time. We propose in this paper a novel way to formulate the out-of-distribution detection problem, tailored for DL models. Our method does not require fine tuning process on training data, yet is significantly more accurate than the state of the art for out-of-distribution detection.
Update of Parton Distributions at NNLO
Creators: name: Martin, A. D.
name: Stirling, W. J.
name: Thorne, R. S.
name: Watt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new set of parton distributions obtained at NNLO. These differ from the previous sets available at NNLO due to improvements in the theoretical treatment. In particular we include a full treatment of heavy flavours in the region near the quark mass. In this way, an essentially complete set of NNLO partons is presented for the first time. The improved treatment leads to a significant change in the gluon and heavy quark distributions, and a larger value of the QCD coupling at NNLO, alpha_S(M_Z^2) = 0.1191 +/- 0.002(expt.) +/- 0.003(theory). Indirectly this also leads to a change in the light partons at small x and modifications of our predictions for W and Z production at the LHC. As well as the best-fit set of partons, we also provide 30 additional sets representing the uncertainties of the partons obtained using the Hessian approach.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. Version published. Slight extension and some modification of references