cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A vector autoregressive model for electricity prices subject to long memory and regime switching
Creators: name: Haldrup, Niels
name: Nielsen, Frank S.
name: Orregaard Nielsen, Morten
name: Haldrup, Niels
name: Nielsen, Frank S.
name: Orregaard Nielsen, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Cointegration
subject: electricity prices
subject: fractional integration
subject: long memory
subject: regime switching

description: A regime dependent VAR model is suggested that allows long memory (fractional integration) in each of the observed regime states as well as the possibility of fractional cointegration. The model is motivated by the dynamics of electricity prices where the transmission of power is subject to occasional congestion periods. For a system of bilateral prices non-congestion means that electricity prices are identical whereas congestion makes prices depart. Hence, the joint price dynamics implies switching between a univariate price process under non-congestion and a bivariate price process under congestion. At the same time, it is an empirical regularity that electricity prices tend to show a high degree of long memory, and thus that prices may be fractionally cointegrated. Analysis of Nord Pool data shows that even though the prices are identical under non-congestion, the prices are not, in general, fractionally cointegrated in the congestion state. Hence, in most cases price convergence is a property following from regime switching rather than a conventional error correction mechanism. Finally, the suggested model is shown to deliver forecasts that are more precise compared to competing models.
Bait Contracts
Creators: name: VierAy, Marie-Louise
name: VierAy, Marie-Louise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: contracts
subject: ambiguity
subject: optimism
subject: incentives
subject: signals

description: This paper explores contracting in the presence of ambiguity. It revisits Holmstrom's (1979) suffcient statistic result of when to condition a contract on an outside signal. It is shown that if the signal is ambiguous, in the sense that its probability distribution is unknown, then Holmstrom's result can be overturned. Specically, uninformative ambiguous signals can be valuable.
Disordered Weyl semimetal as an array of coupled Hubbard chains
Creators: name: Yi, Jinmin
name: Burkov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a disordered magnetic Weyl semimetal may be mapped onto a two-dimensional array of coupled replicated Hubbard chains, where the Hubbard $U$ is directly related to the variance of the disorder potential. This is a three-dimensional generalization of a similar mapping of the two-dimensional quantum Hall plateau transition to a one-dimensional Hubbard chain. We demonstrate that this mapping leads to the conclusion that the Weyl semimetal becomes a diffusive metal with a nonzero density of states at arbitrarily weak disorder, in agreement with recent work. We also discuss the absence of localization in strongly disordered Weyl semimetals from the viewpoint of this mapping.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, published version
Paradoxical Narratives About Industrial Technology
Creators: name: Johansson, Maria C.
name: Asghari, Hamid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: industrial technology
narratives
vocational knowing
vocational pride

description: Within the Swedish context this paper sets out to describe and analyse the declining interest in work and education linked to Industrial Technology. This is made through the narratives of different agents connected to Industrial Technology. Thus, a narrative approach is adopted, supported by vocational knowing and pride as analytical concepts. The results reveal that the narratives connected to the Industrial Technology are quite paradoxical, starting with negative accounts turning into quite positive ones. On one hand industrial work is described as easy, requiring little knowing, and as being dirty. On the other hand, industrial education and work are described as filled with opportunities for individuals as well as for society and complex vocational knowing of which the workers and students are rightfully proud. This implies that vocational knowing and pride are shadowed by the negative narratives which may affect public interest in industrial work and education.
Variable Smoothing for Weakly Convex Composite Functions
Creators: name: Böhm, Axel
name: Wright, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study minimization of a structured objective function, being the sum of a smooth function and a composition of a weakly convex function with a linear operator. Applications include image reconstruction problems with regularizers that introduce less bias than the standard convex regularizers. We develop a variable smoothing algorithm, based on the Moreau envelope with a decreasing sequence of smoothing parameters, and prove a complexity of $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-3})$ to achieve an $ε$-approximate solution. This bound interpolates between the $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-2})$ bound for the smooth case and the $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-4})$ bound for the subgradient method. Our complexity bound is in line with other works that deal with structured nonsmoothness of weakly convex functions.
Understanding Kivutien civil society and its roles in the Congolese peace process
Creators: name: Santoso, Arnila Hevena
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: This study seeks to understand the role of civil society in the peace process of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The inclusion of civil society in peace processes at various phases had become a topic of increasing study within the field of conflict resolution. This study will look for the presence, absence or emergence of these roles among Kivutien civil society. The study will also examine how the nature of civil society affects its participation in the peace process. Semi-structured interviews were used to conduct the study. The results show that due to differences in the nature of Kivutien civil society it has taken limited roles in the Congolese peace process.
Common Challenges European VET Teachers as Innovators Are Facing and Their Impact on Academic VET Teacher Education
Creators: name: Kaiser, Franz
name: Marhuenda Fluixá, Fernando
name: Palomares-Montero, Davinia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: VET-teacher education
academic lecturing
challenges
innovation
self-reflexivity

description: Considering the many challenges VET educators face, VET TE providers need to find answers on how to best design their education and training. The network “VETteach” aims at sharing good practice on current and future requirements of VET TE in the development and application of curricula, pedagogical and didactical approaches. The project partners of VETteach are from six European countries. All of them work in universities which have a long tradition as VET TE providers, and most of them are responsible for the education and training of future VET educators at their Universities. The contribution offers an insight in the project aims and deepens findings from an exchange workshop that focused on fostering civic engagement and self-reflexivity among teachers in December 2020.
Classical analogies for the force acting on an impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Rønning, Jonas
name: Skaugen, Audun
name: Hernández-García, Emilio
name: López, Cristóbal
name: Angheluta, Luiza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrodynamic forces acting on a small impurity moving in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate at non-zero temperature. The condensate is modelled by the damped-Gross Pitaevskii (dGPE) equation and the impurity by a Gaussian repulsive potential coupled to the condensate. For weak coupling, we obtain analytical expressions for the forces acting on the impurity, and compare them with those computed through direct numerical simulations of the dGPE and with the corresponding expressions for classical forces. For non-steady flows, there is a time-dependent force dominated by inertial effects and which has a correspondence in the Maxey-Riley theory for particles in classical fluids. In the steady-state regime, the force is dominated by a self-induced drag. Unlike at zero temperature, where the drag force vanishes below a critical velocity, at low temperatures the impurity experiences a net drag even at small velocities, as a consequence of the energy dissipation through interactions of the condensate with the thermal cloud. This dissipative force due to thermal drag is similar to the classical Stokes' drag. There is still a critical velocity above which steady-state drag is dominated by acoustic excitations and behaves non-monotonically with impurity's speed.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary movies available at: https://cloud.ifisc.uib-csic.es/nextcloud/index.php/s/AFzw6JxNW77DT6d
Molecular Hydrogen Excitation in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Creators: name: Davies, R. I.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Lehnert, M.
name: Tacconi-Garman, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report medium resolution VLT ISAAC K-band spectroscopy of the nuclei of seven ultraluminous infrared galaxies. After accounting for stellar absorption features, we have detected several molecular hydrogen (H_2) v=1-0, 2-1, and 3-2 vibrational emission lines, as well as the HI Brγand HeI 2^1P-2^1S recombination lines. The relative H_2 line intensities show little variation between the objects, suggesting that the H_2 excitation mechanisms in the nuclei are similar in all the objects. The 1-0 emissions appear thermalised at temperatures T\sim1000K. However, the 2-1 and 3-2 emissions show evidence of being radiatively excited by far-ultraviolet (FUV) photons, suggesting that the H_2 excitation in the ULIRGs may arise in dense photon dominated regions (PDRs). We show that the line ratios in the nuclei are consistent with PDRs with cloud densities between 10^4 to 10^5cm^{-3}, exposed to far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation fields at least 10^3 times more intense than the ambient FUV intensity in the local interstellar medium. We have constructed starburst models for the ULIRGs based on their H_2 properties, as well as on the intensities of the recombination lines. Our models provide a consistent picture of young 1-5Myr star clusters surrounded by relatively dense PDRs which are irradiated by intense FUV fluxes. Comparison to the inner few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way indicates that the star formation efficiency in ULIRGs is 10--100 times higher than in the Galactic Center.
description: accepted by ApJ (32 pages including figures)
Darwinian gradient descent
Creators: name: Levin, Michael
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Large optimization problems of many variables can be difficult to solve and very computationally intensive. To dedicate greater computer resources to the problem, this thesis proposes a way to distribute the problem over many different computers using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC), an open-source platform where people can volunteer their personal computer to work on various problems while their computer is idle. My program runs a genetic version of a gradient descent algorithm, including conjugate gradient methods, that runs the algorithm in parallel on many computers at once to find a solution faster and to avoid some common problems of gradient descent, such as getting trapped in local minima.
Darwinian gradient descent
Creators: name: Levin, Michael
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Large optimization problems of many variables can be difficult to solve and very computationally intensive. To dedicate greater computer resources to the problem, this thesis proposes a way to distribute the problem over many different computers using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC), an open-source platform where people can volunteer their personal computer to work on various problems while their computer is idle. My program runs a genetic version of a gradient descent algorithm, including conjugate gradient methods, that runs the algorithm in parallel on many computers at once to find a solution faster and to avoid some common problems of gradient descent, such as getting trapped in local minima.
Nearly Efficient Likelihood Ratio Tests of the Unit Root Hypothesis
Creators: name: Jansson, Michael
name: AYrregaard Nielsen, Morten
name: Jansson, Michael
name: AYrregaard Nielsen, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Efficiency
subject: likelihood ratio test
subject: unit root hypothesis

description: Seemingly absent from the arsenal of currently available "nearly efficient" testing procedures for the unit root hypothesis, i.e. tests whose asymptotic local power functions are virtually indistinguishable from the Gaussian power envelope, is a test admitting a (quasi-)likelihood ratio interpretation. We study the large sample properties of a quasi-likelihood ratio unit root test based on a Gaussian likelihood and show that this test is nearly efficient.
Fathers Were Once Men
Creators: name: Choutka, Amanda
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: FATHERS WERE ONCE MEN is a collection of linked short stories about a family and friends who work at an Irish pub in suburban Philadelphia. The sudden death of the O'Neill family matriarch, Marie, is the catalyst for the stories. Marie was a wife, a mother, a sister, an older friend---without Marie's constant influence and in the wake of grief, how will each character choose to live their life? Each short story examines how each loved one copes with loss by searching for solace outside of their circle of friends. The stories culminate in revisiting the O'Neill family and friends five years after Marie's death, looking to answer the question that began their stories---how has grief changed who they were meant to be?
Wigner crystallization in a polarizable medium
Creators: name: Rastelli, G.
name: Ciuchi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a variational study of the 2D and 3D Wigner crystal phase of large polarons. The method generalizes that introduced by S. Fratini,P.\ Qu{é}merais [Mod. Phys. Lett. B {\bf 12} 1003 (1998)]. We take into account the Wigner crystal normal modes rather than a single mean frequency in the minimization procedure of the variational free energy. We calculate the renormalized modes of the crystal as well as the charge polarization correlation function and polaron radius. The solid phase boundaries are determined via a Lindemann criterion, suitably generalized to take into account the classical-to-quantum cross-over. In the weak electron-phonon coupling limit, the Wigner crystal parameters are renormalized by the electron-phonon interaction leading to a stabilization of the solid phase for low polarizability of the medium. Conversely, at intermediate and strong coupling, the behavior of the system depends strongly on the polarizability of the medium. For weakly polarizable media, a density crossover occurs inside the solid phase when the renormalized plasma frequency approaches the phonon frequency. At low density, we have a renormalized polaron Wigner crystal, while at higher densities the electron-phonon interaction is weakened irrespective of the {\it bare} electron-phonon coupling. For strongly polarizable media, the system behaves as a Lorentz lattice of dipoles. The abrupt softening of the internal polaronic frequency predicted by Fratini and Quemerais is observed near the actual melting point only at very strong coupling, leading to a possible liquid polaronic phase for a wider range of parameters.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures v1.3
Identifying a Forward-Looking Monetary Policy in an Open Economy
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, Rokon
name: Bhuiyan, Rokon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Forward-looking monetary policy
subject: forecast-augmented VAR
subject: impulse response

description: I identify a forward-looking monetary policy function in a structural VAR model by using forecasts of macroeconomic variables, in addition to the realized variables used in a standard VAR. Both impulse responses and variance decompositions of the monetary policy variable of this forecast-augmented VAR model suggest that forecasted variables play a greater role than realized variables in a central bank’s policy decisions. I also find that a contractionary policy shock instantaneously increases the market interest rate as well as the forecast of the market interest rate. The policy shock also appreciates both the British pound and the forecast of the pound on impact. On the other hand, the policy shock lowers expected inflation immediately, but affects realized inflation with a lag. When I estimate the standard VAR model encompassed in the forecast-augmented model, I find that a contractionary policy shock raises the inflation rate and leads to a gradual appreciation of the domestic currency. However, the inclusion of inflation expectations reverses this puzzling response of the inflation rate, and the inclusion of both the market interest rate forecast and the exchange rate forecast removes the delayed overshooting response of the exchange rate. These findings suggest that a standard VAR may incorrectly identify the monetary policy function.
Perdita (Hexaperdita) rossi Timberlake 1956
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Perdita
Perdita rossi

description: Perdita (Hexaperdita) rossi Timberlake, 1956
Endemic
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ Santo Domingo, Baja California Sur, Mexico; July 17, 1938]
This species is endemic to the BCP and has been collected in the Lower Colorado Desert in northern BC, in the Magdalena Plains, and the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland in BCS. We reviewed the allotype (♂) and six paratypes (5 ♂, 1 ♀) collected in the Magdalena Plains in October 1941, and two specimens collected in the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland in January 1959. See fig. 42.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Simultaneous optical and X-ray high speed photometry of Cyg X-2
Creators: name: Dubus, G.
name: Kern, B.
name: Esin, A. A.
name: Rutledge, R. E.
name: Martin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray emission from X-ray binaries may originate in flares occurring when magnetic loops anchored in the disc reconnect. In analogy with our Sun, H alpha emission should arise as the accelerated electrons thermalize in the optically emitting disc, perhaps leading to correlated variability between X-rays, H alpha and the optical continuum. We present simultaneous X-ray and optical high speed photometry of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 to search for such correlations. The highest time resolution achieved is 5 ms in white light and 100 ms with a 3 nm filter centred on H alpha. We find power on timescales > 100s (flickering) in optical with a total r.m.s. of a few %, about an order of magnitude less than that seen in X-rays. We do not find significant correlations between the X-ray and optical fluxes on short timescales, hence cannot conclude whether magnetic flares contribute significantly to the optical emission.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fathers Were Once Men
Creators: name: Choutka, Amanda
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture
classificationCode: 4705
subject: Literary studies

description: FATHERS WERE ONCE MEN is a collection of linked short stories about a family and friends who work at an Irish pub in suburban Philadelphia. The sudden death of the O'Neill family matriarch, Marie, is the catalyst for the stories. Marie was a wife, a mother, a sister, an older friend---without Marie's constant influence and in the wake of grief, how will each character choose to live their life? Each short story examines how each loved one copes with loss by searching for solace outside of their circle of friends. The stories culminate in revisiting the O'Neill family and friends five years after Marie's death, looking to answer the question that began their stories---how has grief changed who they were meant to be?
Measurement of the charge separation along the magnetic field with Signed Balance Function in 200 GeV Au + Au collisions at STAR
Creators: name: Lin, Yufu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental searches for Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in heavy-ion collisions have been going on for a decade, and so far there is no conclusive evidence for its existence. Recently, the Signed Balance Function (SBF), based on the idea of examining the momentum ordering of charged pairs along the in- and out-of-plane directions, has been proposed as a probe of CME. In this approach, a pair of observables is invoked: one is $r_{\mathrm{rest}}$, the out-of-plane to in-plane ratio of $ΔB$ measured in pair's rest frame, where $ΔB$ is the difference between signed balance functions; The other is a double ratio, $R_{\mathrm{B}} = r_{\mathrm{rest}}/r_{\mathrm{lab}}$, where $r_{\mathrm{lab}}$ is a measurement similar to $r_{\mathrm{rest}}$ but measured in the laboratory frame. These two observables give opposite responses to the CME-driven charge separation compared to the background correlations arising from resonance flow and global spin alignment. Both $r_{\mathrm{rest}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{B}}$ being larger than unity can be regarded as a case in favor of the existence of CME. It is found experimentally that $r_{\mathrm{rest}}$, $r_{\mathrm{lab}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{B}}$ are larger than unity in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, and larger than realistic model calculations with no CME implemented. These findings are difficult to be explained by a background-only scenario.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of 28th International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2019) A typo has been corrected
The Structure of Canada‘s Immigration System and Canadian Labour Market Outcomes
Creators: name: Sweetman, Arthur
name: Warman, Casey
name: Sweetman, Arthur
name: Warman, Casey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Immigration Class
subject: Points System
subject: Canada

description: Two distinct issues are addressed. First, we explore earnings and employment outcome differences across categories of the immigrant selection system and directly link the points system to these outcomes, which is relatively rare in Canadian research. Second, the appropriateness of alternative approaches to selecting the sample for analysis and defining the dependent variable(s) are investigated to determine their relevance for answering different policy questions. Appreciable differences in outcomes across immigrant categories are observed with, as expected, the economic class having superior earnings in the long run. However, employment in some categories is comparable to, or higher than, that of the economic class, especially in the short run. Notably, privately sponsored refugees have relatively good outcomes, particularly in the short run and for employment. Their outcomes are particularly strong conditional on observed characteristics and plausibly point to the value of local information and networks.
Utilizing incommensurate sampling rates to layer audio files for use with variable bandwidth
Creators: name: Taubeneck, Erik Leland
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4901
subject: Applied mathematics

description: In the study of Sampling Theory, the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, proved in the first half of the 20th century, showed that a bandwidth limited signal could be exactly reconstructed when sampled at an appropriate rate. This is the basis for digital representation of audio files (CDs), since human hearing is bandwidth limited. Dr. Stephen Casey proved in his recent research that such a signal, sampled at multiple specifically chosen incommensurate rates, can also be exactly reconstructed. This research takes his theorem and applies it to a regularly sampled audio signal to construct new data sets, sampled at incommensurate rates. The signal can be reconstructed from one or more of these sets, with quality increasing as more data sets are included. Each data set can buffer individually when streamed over a broadband connection. Thus, when bandwidth changes the audio player can add or drop a data set without having to completely re-buffer.
Utilizing incommensurate sampling rates to layer audio files for use with variable bandwidth
Creators: name: Taubeneck, Erik Leland
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In the study of Sampling Theory, the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, proved in the first half of the 20th century, showed that a bandwidth limited signal could be exactly reconstructed when sampled at an appropriate rate. This is the basis for digital representation of audio files (CDs), since human hearing is bandwidth limited. Dr. Stephen Casey proved in his recent research that such a signal, sampled at multiple specifically chosen incommensurate rates, can also be exactly reconstructed. This research takes his theorem and applies it to a regularly sampled audio signal to construct new data sets, sampled at incommensurate rates. The signal can be reconstructed from one or more of these sets, with quality increasing as more data sets are included. Each data set can buffer individually when streamed over a broadband connection. Thus, when bandwidth changes the audio player can add or drop a data set without having to completely re-buffer.
Motivation for smoking cessation: Differences between attempters and nonattempters
Creators: name: O'Brien, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The current study explored differences between daily cigarette smokers who have attempted to quit smoking in the past ('attempters') and those who have never attempted to quit ('nonattempters') in an effort to understand why certain smokers do not attempt to quit despite the well-known health risks associated with smoking. Based on a consensus in the literature that outcome expectancies about the consequences of smoking are largely connected with quitting behaviors, it was hypothesized that attempters and nonattempters would have different levels of expectancies as measured by the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult version (Copeland, Brandon & Quinn, 1995). This hypothesis was not supported, indicating that outcome expectancies may not be a crucial factor in motivating smokers to quit. The current study posits that certain smokers may not exhibit enough worry about negative aspects of smoking due to disengagement beliefs (Dijkstra & Brosschot, 2003), resulting in low motivation to quit.
Getting the Right Spin: A Theory of Value of Social Networks
Creators: name: Bouchard St-Amant, Pier-AndrÃl’
name: Bouchard St-Amant, Pier-AndrÃl’
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Network Economics
subject: Network Value
subject: Work-Of-Mouth Advertising

description: I examine the problem of maximizing the spread of information in a context where users of a network decide which piece of information is shared. A company thus provides initial information to some users and they then choose what to share to their neighbours. These actions of sharing and choosing produce the characteristics of word-of-mouth advertising over time. I then answer the two following questions: what is the best word-of-mouth campaign that the company can perform and second, what is the value of such a campaign? The optimal solution can be understood as a Nash Equilibria that maximizes the concentration of the initial information to a small group of users. Such solution contrasts with standard measures of user influence and I show that they can sometime be seriously misleading. I provide an exact solution for a wide class of generic network topologies and an algorithm to compute it in polynomial time.
Additional file 5 of DNA methylation signatures associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children from India and The Gambia: results from the EMPHASIS study
Creators: name: Antoun, Elie
name: Issarapu, Prachand
name: di Gravio, Chiara
name: Shrestha, Smeeta
name: Betts, Modupeh
name: Saffari, Ayden
name: Sahariah, Sirazul A.
name: Sankareswaran, Alagu
name: Arumalla, Manisha
name: Prentice, Andrew M.
name: Fall, Caroline H. D.
name: Silver, Matt J.
name: Chandak, Giriraj R.
name: Lillycrop, Karen A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Online supplementary methods.
An explanation for the unusual IMF in Taurus
Creators: name: Goodwin, Simon P.
name: Whitworth, A. P.
name: Ward-Thompson, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In comparison with other well studied star formation regions, Taurus is unusual in several respects. (i) Its stellar initial mass function (IMF) peaks at relatively high mass ($\sim 0.8 M_\odot$), but contains very few stars much more massive than $1 M_\odot$, and is relatively deficient in brown dwarfs. (ii) It has a higher binary fraction, particularly at large separations. (iii) Its core mass function is strongly peaked at a few $M_\odot$, and the cores have extended envelopes and relatively low levels of turbulence. We present here the results of an ensemble of hydrodynamic simulations which suggest that the unusual stellar IMF in Taurus is a direct consequence of the unusual properties of the cores there. By following the collapse and fragmentation of cores having properties typical of Taurus, we find that roughly 50% of the objects formed in a core, predominantly the low-mass ones, are ejected from the core to form a population of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with a flat mass function. The remaining objects form multiple systems within the core, accreting until their masses approach $1 M_\odot$; this produces a population of intermediate-mass stars whose mass function peaks at $\sim 0.8 M_\odot$. Together these two populations reproduce the IMF in Taurus very well. This demonstrates, for the first time, a direct causal link between the core mass function and the stellar IMF in a star formation region.
description: In press in A&A, 5 pages, 3 figures
What is the cost of retaining and attracting exceptional talents? Evidence from the Canada Research Chair program
Creators: name: Courty, Pascal
name: Sim, John
name: Courty, Pascal
name: Sim, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Compensation
subject: brain drain
subject: crowding out
subject: Canada Research Chair

description: The compensation of a professor who is awarded an internal Canada Research Chair (CRC) increases by 6.3 percent on average in our sample. This gain is large initially but quickly erodes over CRC tenure. The gain is slightly larger for professors who change university to obtain a CRC Chair. Assuming that the CRC program has achieved its goal of attracting and retaining top talents, we infer that the compensation cost of doing so is modest. In addition, only a small fraction of the CRC grants have been passed through to professors as compensation increases. This is despite the fact that universities report spending more than half of the CRC grants on chairholder compensation.
Apical oxygen vibrations dominant role in d-wave cuprate superconductivity and its interplay with spin fluctuations
Creators: name: Rosenstein, Baruch
name: Shapiro, B. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic theory of a high Tc cuprate BiSCO based on main pairing channel of electrons in CuO planes due to 40meV lateral vibrations of the apical oxygen atoms in adjacent the SrO ionic insulator layer is proposed. The separation between the vibrating charged atoms and the 2D electron gas creates the forward scattering peak leading in turn to the d-wave pairing within Eliashberg formalism. The phonon mode naturally explain the kink in dispersion relation observed by ARPES and the and effect of the O16 to O18 isotope substitution in the normal state. To describe the pseudogap physics a single band fourfold symmetric Hubbard model, with the hopping parameters t' = - 0.17t and the on site repulsion U = 6t was used. It described the Mott insulator at low doping, while at higher dopping the pseudogap physics (still strongly correlated) can be be approximated by the symmetrized mean field model and with renormalized U incorporating screening. The location of the transition line between the locally antiferromagnetic pseudogap and the paramagnetic overdoped phases and susceptibility (describing spin uctuations coupling to 2DEG) are also obtained within this approximation. The superconducting d-wave gap mainly due to the phonon channel but is assisted by the spin fluctuations (15-20%). The dependence of the gap and Tc on doping and effect of the isotope substitution are obtained and is consistent with experiments.
The impact of financial crises on the risk-return tradeoff and the leverage effect
Creators: name: Jesper Christensen, Bent
name: ÃŸrregaard Nielsen, Morten
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Jesper Christensen, Bent
name: ÃŸrregaard Nielsen, Morten
name: Zhu, Jie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: FIEGARCH-M
subject: financial crises
subject: financial leverage
subject: international markets
subject: long memory
subject: risk-return tradeoff
subject: stock returns
subject: volatility feedback

description: We investigate the impact of financial crises on two fundamental features of stock returns, namely, the risk-return tradeoff and the leverage effect. We apply the fraction- ally integrated exponential GARCH-in-mean (FIEGARCH-M) model for daily stock return data, which includes both features and allows the co-existence of long memory in volatility and short memory in returns. We extend this model to allow the financial parameters governing the volatility-in-mean effect and the leverage effect to change during financial crises. An application to the daily U.S. stock index return series from 1926 through 2010 shows that both financial effects increase significantly during crises. Strikingly, the risk-return tradeoff is significantly positive only during financial crises, and insignificant during non-crisis periods. The leverage effect is negative throughout, but increases significantly by about 50% in magnitude during financial crises. No such changes are observed during NBER recessions, so in this sense financial crises are spe- cial. Applications to a number of major developed and emerging international stock markets confirm the increase in the leverage effect, whereas the international evidence on the risk-return tradeoff is mixed.
Economic Crises: The Impact on Australia and Canada
Creators: name: Milne, Frank
name: Milne, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: The Financial Crisis accelerated a latent Fiscal Crisis that had been brewing in many Western countries. The paper outlines the causes of the Financial Crisis, and how this increased expenditure and reduced revenues for many Western governments. But these additional fiscal stresses merely advanced the day of reckoning when fiscal problems had to be faced Demographics (the Baby Boom effect) dictated that reforms would be required in taxation, health care and pensions to smooth the transition. Many governments had not prepared adequately, so that the added burden of the Financial Crisis provided a double impost on budgets. The paper compares Canada and Australia in this framework, showing that there are similarities and differences that are instructive. Both countries avoided the initial Crisis, but they may not be so fortunate in the near future.
Ising transition in the two-dimensional quantum $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Capriotti, Luca
name: Roscilde, Tommaso
name: Fubini, Andrea
name: Tognetti, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics of the spin-$S$ two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice with nearest ($J_1$) and next-nearest ($J_2$) neighbor couplings in its collinear phase ($J_2/J_1>0.5$), using the pure-quantum self-consistent harmonic approximation. Our results show the persistence of a finite-temperature Ising phase transition for every value of the spin, provided that the ratio $J_2/J_1$ is greater than a critical value corresponding to the onset of collinear long-range order at zero temperature. We also calculate the spin- and temperature-dependence of the collinear susceptibility and correlation length, and we discuss our results in light of the experiments on Li$_2$VOSiO$_4$ and related compounds.
description: 4 page, 4 figures
Motivation for smoking cessation: Differences between attempters and nonattempters
Creators: name: O'Brien, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The current study explored differences between daily cigarette smokers who have attempted to quit smoking in the past ('attempters') and those who have never attempted to quit ('nonattempters') in an effort to understand why certain smokers do not attempt to quit despite the well-known health risks associated with smoking. Based on a consensus in the literature that outcome expectancies about the consequences of smoking are largely connected with quitting behaviors, it was hypothesized that attempters and nonattempters would have different levels of expectancies as measured by the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult version (Copeland, Brandon & Quinn, 1995). This hypothesis was not supported, indicating that outcome expectancies may not be a crucial factor in motivating smokers to quit. The current study posits that certain smokers may not exhibit enough worry about negative aspects of smoking due to disengagement beliefs (Dijkstra & Brosschot, 2003), resulting in low motivation to quit.
On Time Synchronization Issues in Time-Sensitive Networks with Regulators and Nonideal Clocks
Creators: name: Thomas, Ludovic
name: Boudec, Jean-Yves Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.0; C.4
subject: 68M07, 68M20

description: Flow reshaping is used in time-sensitive networks (as in the context of IEEE TSN and IETF Detnet) in order to reduce burstiness inside the network and to support the computation of guaranteed latency bounds. This is performed using per-flow regulators (such as the Token Bucket Filter) or interleaved regulators (as with IEEE TSN Asynchronous Traffic Shaping). Both types of regulators are beneficial as they cancel the increase of burstiness due to multiplexing inside the network. It was demonstrated, by using network calculus, that they do not increase the worst-case latency. However, the properties of regulators were established assuming that time is perfect in all network nodes. In reality, nodes use local, imperfect clocks. Time-sensitive networks exist in two flavours: (1) in non-synchronized networks, local clocks run independently at every node and their deviations are not controlled and (2) in synchronized networks, the deviations of local clocks are kept within very small bounds using for example a synchronization protocol (such as PTP) or a satellite based geo-positioning system (such as GPS). We revisit the properties of regulators in both cases. In non-synchronized networks, we show that ignoring the timing inaccuracies can lead to network instability due to unbounded delay in per-flow or interleaved regulators. We propose and analyze two methods (rate and burst cascade, and asynchronous dual arrival-curve method) for avoiding this problem. In synchronized networks, we show that there is no instability with per-flow regulators but, surprisingly, interleaved regulators can lead to instability. To establish these results, we develop a new framework that captures industrial requirements on clocks in both non-synchronized and synchronized networks, and we develop a toolbox that extends network calculus to account for clock imperfections.
description: ACM SIGMETRICS 2020 Boston, Massachusetts, USA June 8-12, 2020
Two-State Migration of DNA in a structured Microchannel
Creators: name: Streek, Martin
name: Schmid, Friederike
name: Duong, Thanh Tu
name: Anselmetti, Dario
name: Ros, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: DNA migration in topologically structured microchannels with periodic cavities is investigated experimentally and with Brownian dynamics simulations of a simple bead-spring model. The results are in very good agreement with one another. In particular, the experimentally observed migration order of Lambda- and T2-DNA molecules is reproduced by the simulations. The simulation data indicate that the mobility may depend on the chain length in a nonmonotonic way at high electric fields. This is found to be the signature of a nonequilibrium phase transition between two different migration states, a slow one and a fast one, which can also be observed experimentally under appropriate conditions.
description: Revised edition corresponding to the comments by the referees, submitted to Physical Review E
Thermally activated processes in polymer dynamics
Creators: name: Bongini, Lorenzo
name: Livi, Roberto
name: Torcini, Alessandro
name: Politi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Jumps between neighboring minima in the energy landscape of both homopolymeric and heteropolymeric chains are numerically investigated by determining the average escape time from different valleys. The numerical results are compared to the theoretical expression derived by Langer [J.S. Langer, Ann. Phys. 54 (1969) 258] with reference to a 2N-dimensional space. Our simulations indicate that the dynamics within the native valley is well described by a sequence of thermally activated process up to temperatures well above the folding temperature. At larger temperatures, systematic deviations from the Langer's estimate are instead observed. Several sources for such discrepancies are thoroughly discussed.
description: 16 pages, Revtex - 19 EPS Figs - Submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Curculio tonkinensis
Creators: name: Frank W. Pelsue, Jr.
name: Zhang, Runzhi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Curculio
Curculio tonkinensis

description: Curculio tonkinensis (Heller)
Figs. 5–6, 40–43
description: Published as part of Frank W. Pelsue, Jr. & Zhang, Runzhi, 2000, A Review Of The Curculio From China With Descriptions Of New Taxa. Part II. The Curculio Alboscutellatus Group (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Cyrculionini), pp. 467-496 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 54 (4) on page 480, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065x(2000)054[0467:arotcf]2.0.co;2, http://zenodo.org/record/4900281
Rates of superlinear convergence for classical quasi-Newton methods
Creators: name: Rodomanov, Anton
name: Nesterov, Yurii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the local convergence of classical quasi-Newton methods for nonlinear optimization. Although it was well established a long time ago that asymptotically these methods converge superlinearly, the corresponding rates of convergence still remain unknown. In this paper, we address this problem. We obtain first explicit non-asymptotic rates of superlinear convergence for the standard quasi-Newton methods, which are based on the updating formulas from the convex Broyden class. In particular, for the well-known DFP and BFGS methods, we obtain the rates of the form $(\frac{n L^2}{μ^2 k})^{k/2}$ and $(\frac{n L}{μk})^{k/2}$ respectively, where $k$ is the iteration counter, $n$ is the dimension of the problem, $μ$ is the strong convexity parameter, and $L$ is the Lipschitz constant of the gradient.
Three-body recombination at large scattering lengths in an ultracold atomic gas
Creators: name: Weber, Tino
name: Herbig, Jens
name: Mark, Michael
name: Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph
name: Grimm, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three-body recombination in an optically trapped ultracold gas of cesium atoms with precise magnetic control of the s-wave scattering length a. At large positive values of a, we measure the dependence of the rate coefficient on a and confirm the theoretically predicted scaling proportional to a^4. Evidence of recombination heating indicates the formation of very weakly bound molecules in the last bound energy level.