cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhanced control of excimer laser pulse timing using tunable additive noise
Creators: name: Mingesz, Robert
name: Barna, Angela
name: Gingl, Zoltan
name: Mellar, Janos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we have shown a system developed to precisely control the laser pulse timing of excimer lasers [1]. The electronic circuit based on an embedded microcontroller and utilized the natural jitter noise of the laser pulse generation to improve the long term regulation of the delay of the laser related to an external trigger pulse. Based on our results we have developed an improved system that uses additional, programmable time delay units to tune the noise source to further enhance performance and allows reduction of complexity in the same time. A mixed-signal microcontroller generates a randomly dithered delay of the pulse generation moment to enhance the resolution and also runs a dedicated algorithm to optimize regulation. The compact, flexible hardware supports further enhancements; the signal processing algorithm can be replaced even by in-system reprogramming. Optimized processing and the relaxed hardware requirements may also support low-power operation, wireless communication, therefore the application possibilities may be extended to many other disciplines.
description: Paper from Workshop on Fluctuations and coherence: from superfluids to living systems, Lancaster, 13-16 July 2011
title: Mucocele of the appendix: an unexpected finding in a patient with abdominal pain
Creators: name: DE LA CRUZ MONFERRER, MARIA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emergency Imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Surgery
subject: Inflammation
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The main objective is to make a review about epidemiology, clinical presentation, etiology, radiologic findings and treatment of appendiceal...
Hillary's Big Trip
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations

description: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's trip to several former Soviet and Communist bloc states this week occurs at a particularly notable time as it follows almost immediately after Russian President Dmitri Medvedev's trip to the U.S. and the break up and arrest of members of a Russian spy ring in the U.S.  Accordingly, this trip will help further define the U.S. role in the region and relationship with the states there.
title: Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Imaging features and pathological correlation of a rare type of breast cancer
Creators: name: Ogata, Vivian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: • To learn mammographic and sonographic features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) • To identify the differences and the similarities in the presentation between MBC and invasive breast cancer (IBC)...
Application of Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) Technology for the Treatment of Pulp Mill Effluent
Creators: name: Vashi, Harsh
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: The pulp and paper industry produces a significant amount of wastewater with toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Pulp and paper wastewater (PPW) requires a special treatment method that is diverse enough to deal with the complexities of this type of wastewater. The present study was aimed primarily at the removal of tannin/lignin from PPW using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. Aerobic granules were cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with tannin/lignin present in the range of 50-200 mg/L. Granules were cultivated within 9 days of operation of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with SVI30 of 51.6 mL/g, achieving steady-state within the first three weeks of operation. On average, the COD removal efficiency for synthetic PPW was 90%. Tannin/lignin were removed up to 80% during the initial stages, but slowly decreased to an average removal of 70%. The mature granules were then transferred to a real PPW wastewater system containing tannin/lignin concentration up to 500 mg/L. Biodegradation and biosorption were observed to be the two pathways for the removal tannin/lignin. Biosorption was a primary form of removal at lower concentrations, achieving 74% removal at 50 mg/L. The biosorption ability reduced to 58% removal at 200 mg/L. This reveals that biodegradation prevails at these higher concentrations. The Haldane kinetic parameters were: Vmax = 0.93 (g tannin/lignin/g VSS· day), Ks = 1910 mg/L, and Ki = 27 mg/L. Various adsorption kinetic models and isotherms were fitted to the system. The Langmuir isotherm coefficients were: (x/m) max = 21.5 (mg tannin/lignin/g SS), b = 0.00386 L/mg. The Freundlich isotherm had coefficients of n = 1.172, K = 0.1174. COD removal of 79% and a tannin/lignin removal of 56% were achieved with real PPW. Furthermore, experimental runs in warmer and more humid temperature conditions revealed higher removal efficiencies, achieving about 80% tannin/lignin degradation at a concentration of 130 mg/L. The most prominent species responsible for the degradation of these toxic substances were Pseudomonas, Corynebacteriaceae and Flavobacterium.
Conservative Sparse Neural Network Embedded Frequency-Constrained Unit Commitment With Distributed Energy Resources
Creators: name: Sang, Linwei
name: Xu, Yinliang
name: Yi, Zhongkai
name: Yang, Lun
name: Long, Huan
name: Sun, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) will decrease the rotational inertia of the power system and further degrade the system frequency stability. To address the above issues, this paper leverages the advanced neural network (NN) to learn the frequency dynamics and incorporates NN to facilitate system reliable operation. This paper proposes the conservative sparse neural network (CSNN) embedded frequency-constrained unit commitment (FCUC) with converter-based DERs, including the learning and optimization stages. In the learning stage, it samples the inertia parameters, calculates the corresponding frequency, and characterizes the stability region of the sampled parameters using the convex hulls to ensure stability and avoid extrapolation. For conservativeness, the positive prediction error penalty is added to the loss function to prevent possible frequency requirement violation. For the sparsity, the NN topology pruning is employed to eliminate unnecessary connections for solving acceleration. In the optimization stage, the trained CSNN is transformed into mixed-integer linear constraints using the big-M method and then incorporated to establish the data-enhanced model. The case study verifies 1) the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of high accuracy, fewer parameters, and significant solving acceleration; 2) the stable system operation against frequency violation under contingency.
Getting it Right in Iran and Ukraine
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations

description: The recent election in Ukraine seems, at first glance, to have little in common with the 2009 election in Iran. The former was a relatively orderly election which was viewed as both free and fair leading to a transition of power in Ukraine, while the second was a flawed election leading to widespread demonstrations, a violent crackdown and an Iranian regime relying more heavily on coercion to maintain its grip on power. These two elections were, however, among the most important foreign elections which have occurred since President Obama came into office. In both cases the administration responded to these elections and their outcomes very well, revealing a thoughtful and effective, if low key and understated approach to some of the less visible, but still important, foreign policy challenges facing the U.S. In both cases, the approach was consistent with the overall Obama approach which, in a major reversal from the Bush administration, prioritizes outcomes over bluster. This is a frustrating way of doing foreign policy, but in both Ukraine and Iran, it was the right way.
Natural Evolution Strategy for Mixed-Integer Black-Box Optimization
Creators: name: Ikeda, Koki
name: Ono, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a natural evolution strategy (NES) for mixed-integer black-box optimization (MI-BBO) that appears in real-world problems such as hyperparameter optimization of machine learning and materials design. This problem is difficult to optimize because plateaus where the values do not change appear when the integer variables are relaxed to the continuous ones. CMA-ES w. Margin that addresses the plateaus reportedly showed good performance on MI-BBO benchmark problems. However, it has been observed that the search performance of CMA-ES w. Margin deteriorates when continuous variables contribute more to the objective function value than integer ones. In order to address the problem of CMA-ES w. Margin, we propose Distance-weighted eXponential Natural Evolution Strategy taking account of Implicit Constraint and Integer (DX-NES-ICI). We compare the search performance of DX-NES-ICI with that of CMA-ES w. Margin through numerical experiments. As a result, DX-NES-ICI was up to 3.7 times better than CMA-ES w. Margin in terms of a rate of finding the optimal solutions on benchmark problems where continuous variables contribute more to the objective function value than integer ones. DX-NES-ICI also outperformed CMA-ES w. Margin on problems where CMA-ES w. Margin originally showed good performance.
description: Accepted for GECCO'23
Gossip on Weighted Networks
Creators: name: Tasgin, Mursel
name: Bingol, Haluk O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.4

description: We investigate how suitable a weighted network is for gossip spreading. The proposed model is based on the gossip spreading model introduced by Lind et.al. on unweighted networks. Weight represents "friendship." Potential spreader prefers not to spread if the victim of gossip is a "close friend". Gossip spreading is related to the triangles and cascades of triangles. It gives more insight about the structure of a network. We analyze gossip spreading on real weighted networks of human interactions. 6 co-occurrence and 7 social pattern networks are investigated. Gossip propagation is found to be a good parameter to distinguish co-occurrence and social pattern networks. As a comparison some miscellaneous networks and computer generated networks based on ER, BA, WS models are also investigated. They are found to be quite different than the human interaction networks.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Exponential moments for planar tessellations
Creators: name: Tóbiás, András
name: Jahnel, ##!Error: Attribute  Unknown!##
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Poisson--Voronoi tessellation
subject: Poisson--Delaunay tessellation
subject: Poisson line tessellation
subject: Johnson--Mehl tessellation
subject: Manhattan grid
subject: Cox--Voronoi tessellation
subject: nested tessellation
subject: iterated tessellation
subject: exponential moments
subject: total edge
subject: length
subject: number of cells
subject: number of edges
subject: Palm calculus
subject: 60K05
subject: 52A38
subject: 60G55

description: In this paper we show existence of all exponential moments for the total edge length in a unit disc for a  family of planar tessellations based on Poisson point processes. Apart from classical such tessellations  like the Poisson--Voronoi, Poisson--Delaunay and Poisson line tessellation, we also treat the Johnson--Mehl  tessellation, Manhattan grids, nested versions and Palm versions. As part of our proofs, for some planar  tessellations, we also derive existence of exponential moments for the number of cells and the number of  edges intersecting the unit disk.
title: Most Underrated Imaging Modality? - DEXA and their applications beyond bone density measurements.
Creators: name: Kannivelu, Anbalagan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Screening
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Toexplain the basics of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and its primary use in assessment of bone density. To discuss the evolving role of DEXAin evaluation of soft tissues especially for body composition such as quantification of fatand...
Democracy Isn't the Only System in Crisis Now
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations

description: The collapse of the Greek economy, which has exacerbated the crisis facing the European Union, along with the bickering, partisanship and inability to get anything done in Washington reflects the post-recession meltdown facing western democracies. Europe and the U.S. are experiencing one of the periodic crises which have come and gone in recent decades. Because of the economic problems, this one may well be worse. The broad turmoil which this will cause for the western democracies will be serious, but it should be seen in a broader context. The next few years will be tough for the world's major democracies, but they may be worse for the world's non-democratic regimes.
Beyond Bombs and Ballots: Dispelling Myths about Democracy Assistance
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: International relations
Public policy (Law)

description: A central component of American foreign policy since the First World War is now under attack. In popular American perception, democracy promotion has become linked to the aggressive foreign policy of the Bush Administration, most notably the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. These wars are now frequently cited to caricature all democracy assistance as “bombs and ballots” initiatives that depend excessively on military action and elections.
In Square Circle: Geometric Knowledge of the Indus Civilization
Creators: name: Sinha, Sitabhra
name: Yadav, Nisha
name: Vahia, Mayank N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The earliest origins of mathematics in the Indian subcontinent is generally dated around 800-500 BCE when the {\em Sulbasutras} are thought to have been written. In this article we suggest that mathematical thinking in South Asia, in particular, geometry, may have had an even earlier beginning - in the third millenium BCE. We base our hypothesis on the analysis of design patterns, such as complex space-filling tiling, seen on artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization (also referred to as the Mature Harappan Civilization, 2500-1900 BCE) which speaks of a deep understanding of sophisticated geometric principles.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures
CLARITY Climate Services - Supporting Urban Climate Change Resilience and Adaptive Planning through Modelling of Possible Climate Adaptation Strategies
Creators: name: Kainz, Astrid
name: Zuvela-Aloise, Maja
name: de Wit, Rosmarie
name: Goler, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Urban areas and traffic infrastructure are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts. Heat waves, together with urban heat island effects represent a climate related concern that particularly affects cities, resulting from an interplay of climate warming, densification of urban areas, vegetation loss and increased sealed surfaces.

The CLARITY project (EU-Horizon 2020, www.clarity-h2020.eu) aims at implementing a climate service tool designed for assessing climate change induced hazards and for considering possible adaptation strategies in order to improve resilience measures at the urban level and to support urban infrastructure development. Using a dynamical-statistical downscaling approach, information on climate change and related climate extremes can be assessed on the urban scale by combining future climate projections provided by the EURO-CORDEX project with urban climate simulations.

Here, we use the dynamical urban climate model MUKLIMO_3, developed by DWD, to provide high-resolution (100 m) urban climate projections and climate sensitivity simulations for the city of Linz in Austria, based on high-resolution Urban Atlas land-use data and Copernicus topography data. The modelling methodology, as developed within CLARITY, are outlined and furthermore, the current and future climatic situation in terms of urban heat stress are analysed and possible climate adaptation measures, such as roof greening, increased albedo, decreased soil sealing, amongst others, are tested with respect to their efficiency towards resilient urban planning.
Predicting the Evolutionary and Medical Significance of Human Genetic Variations with Machine Learning
Creators: name: Saha Mandal, Arnab
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: bioinformatics, genomics, machine learning, genomic variants, classification, pathogenic, benign, rare disease, genetics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer Science

description: The advent of inexpensive and high-throughput genome sequencing technologies has facilitated the acquisition of patient exome and genome sequences at a vast scale. One of the primary challenges of such data is its functional interpretation, and specifically, the ability to distinguish functionally important, deleterious, and pathogenic variants from neutral or benign variants (“variant impact prediction” or VIP). Over the last two decades, many approaches have been proposed for VIP, which utilize data from patterns of evolutionary conservation, population genomics, protein structures and other sources to inform machine learning classification algorithms. However, existing approaches are fraught with limitations, especially when they are trained on databases of putatively pathogenic variants that may have been identified with reference to existing prediction methods (a type of ‘circularity’). This dissertation identifies shortcomings of existing variant impact prediction methods and discusses how they can be better understood (Chapter 1). Approaches to overcome these shortcomings are presented (Chapter 2), and a new method, TAIGA (Transformation and Integration of Genomic Annotations), is developed. The utility of this method and its accompanying refinements are evaluated (Chapter 3) and later scrutinized (Chapter 4). As part of this work, I have produced TAIGA scores for all protein coding positions of the human genome, and I show these have substantially superior performance in distinguishing known pathogenic variations from neutral variations in a number of high-quality datasets. Variant prediction scores from TAIGA are later integrated with clinical information from human phenotypes (Chapter 5) and this extension demonstrated the highest sensitivity and smallest candidate gene search space over a large set of rare genetic disorders. It is my hope that TAIGA will aide clinicians and researchers alike in the new era of personalized genomic medicine in which we find ourselves.
An investigation of deformations in stainless steel rings by heating
Creators: name: Towfighi, Siyavash
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Screen cylinders are widely used in the field of pulp and paper for the removal of oversized contaminants. These screens may consist of several cylindrical partitions that are attached to each other by welding them to cylindrical rings. Since they are subject to various types of loading and placed in a corrosive environment, it is desirable to understand the changes that occur in them as a result of heating in a welding process. The focus of this study is to identify the cause and magnitude of deformations due to welding in the connecting rings of stainless steel AISI 304L. This is accomplished by investigating two potential mechanisms: 1) Microstructural changes such as phase transformations, and 2) Plastic deformation. To consider microstructural changes, a ferritescope is utilized for detecting the non-austenitic phases that may occur. Measurements taken from connecting rings prior to and after welding show that little phase transformation is caused in AISI 304L. In a second set of experiments, cylindrical specimens of AISI 304L are heated to elevated temperatures and compressed in the Gleeble 3500 machine. It is confirmed that heating and straining produce insignificant phase transformations in the rings. Material data is also obtained for elevated temperature stress strain curves at low strain rates that were not available. These results are used in a thermostructural analysis of the rings for plastic deformation. A simplified constrained beam model is used to illustrate the possibility of compressive yielding in the heated region of the material. This analysis highlighted important aspects of the thermo-structural analysis including buckling/bending and the temperature profile. Experiments on square plates of AISI 304L confirmed some of these predictions. A finite element model created using LS-DYNA and C++ code predicted the deformations in square plate samples with reasonable accuracy. A simpler finite element methodology is then used as an extension of this work to examine plastic deformation in the AISI 304L rings after welding. About 440 simulations with varying parameters are performed with the results indicating that significant plastic deformation occurs during the welding procedure and suggestions are given for controlling this deformation.
KitchenScale: Learning to predict ingredient quantities from recipe contexts
Creators: name: Choi, Donghee
name: Gim, Mogan
name: Badreddine, Samy
name: Kim, Hajung
name: Park, Donghyeon
name: Kang, Jaewoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: H.4.m

description: Determining proper quantities for ingredients is an essential part of cooking practice from the perspective of enriching tastiness and promoting healthiness. We introduce KitchenScale, a fine-tuned Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) that predicts a target ingredient's quantity and measurement unit given its recipe context. To effectively train our KitchenScale model, we formulate an ingredient quantity prediction task that consists of three sub-tasks which are ingredient measurement type classification, unit classification, and quantity regression task. Furthermore, we utilized transfer learning of cooking knowledge from recipe texts to PLMs. We adopted the Discrete Latent Exponent (DExp) method to cope with high variance of numerical scales in recipe corpora. Experiments with our newly constructed dataset and recommendation examples demonstrate KitchenScale's understanding of various recipe contexts and generalizability in predicting ingredient quantities. We implemented a web application for KitchenScale to demonstrate its functionality in recommending ingredient quantities expressed in numerals (e.g., 2) with units (e.g., ounce).
description: Expert Systems with Applications 2023, Demo: http://kitchenscale.korea.ac.kr/
title: Imaging techniques and patient work-up in coronary artery anomalies
Creators: name: Ciuni, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Congenital
subject: Normal variants
subject: MR
subject: Echocardiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Management
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate the epidemiology, signs and symptoms of benign and malignant coronary artery anomalies (CAA) To review the role of the different imaging methods, including cardiac ultrasound, invasive coronary angiography, computed tomography...
Institutions of environmental democracy and environmental justice: the case of Chile
Creators: name: Baver, S.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: Principle 10
P10
environmental access rights
Environmental Impact Assessments
EIA
Chile

description: Presented at the Environmental justice in the Anthropocene symposium held on April 24-25, 2017 at the Lory Student Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado. This symposium aims to bring together academics (faculty and graduate students), independent researchers, community and movement activists, and regulatory and policy practitioners from across disciplines, research areas, perspectives, and different countries. Our overarching goal is to build on several decades of EJ research and practice to address the seemingly intractable environmental and ecological problems of this unfolding era. How can we explore EJ amongst humans and between nature and humans, within and across generations, in an age when humans dominate the landscape? How can we better understand collective human dominance without obscuring continuing power differentials and inequities within and between human societies? What institutional and governance innovations can we adopt to address existing challenges and to promote just transitions and futures?
Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Spontaneous Dimensional Reduction
Creators: name: Mureika, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several different approaches to quantum gravity suggest the effective dimension of spacetime reduces from four to two near the Planck scale. In light of such evidence, this letter re-examines the thermodynamics of primordial black holes (PBHs) in specific lower-dimensional gravitational models. Unlike in four dimensions, $\done$-D black holes radiate with power $P \sim \Mbh^2$, while it is known no $(2+1)-$D (BTZ) black holes can exist in a non-anti-deSitter universe. This has important relevance to the PBH population size and distribution, and consequently on cosmological evolution scenarios. The number of PBHs that have evaporated to present day is estimated, assuming they account for all dark matter. Entropy conservation during dimensional transition imposes additional constraints. If the cosmological constant is non-negative, no black holes can exist in the $(2+1)$-dimensional epoch, and consequently a $(1+1)$-dimensional black hole will evolve to become a new type of remnant. Although these results are conjectural and likely model-dependent, they open new questions about the viability of PBHs as dark matter candidates.
description: 20 pp, 1 figure; title changed and discussion significantly expanded; to appear in Phys. Lett. B
title: DualCT in the characterization of edema in acute vertebral fracture.
Creators: name: Rodriguez Jimenez, Javier
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Acute
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Emergency
subject: Bones
subject: Emergency Imaging
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To assess the usefulness of dual CT in the characterization of vertebral edema as a tool to differentiate an acute from a chronic fracture. To describe dual CT vertebral imaging findings of an acute vertebral...
Smaller dishware to reduce energy intake: fact or fiction?
Creators: name: Olstad, Dana L
name: Collins, Clare
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2019

description: Abstract The potential effects of dishware size on energy intake are unclear, as many previous studies have been of low methodological quality. A newly published paper by Kosīte et al. (IJBNPA 10.1186/s12966-019-0826-1, 2019) reports findings from a rigorous, pre-registered investigation of the effects of manipulating plate size on total energy intake within a single eating occasion. This Editorial considers the implications of these new findings in light of previous evidence pertaining to the efficacy of behavioral nudges in particular, and in relation to contextual drivers of food consumption more generally. We conclude that the potential impact of behavioral nudges may have been exaggerated in the past, and call for future high-quality randomized controlled trials to establish whether reducing dishware size and other behavioral nudges might offer an effective complement to more comprehensive, multi-level interventions to reduce overconsumption of foods and beverages at a population-level.
title: Paget disease of the breast: Imaging findings of the cases diagnosed in our center
Creators: name: Larburu Zavala, Soledad
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the mammographic, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of Paget disease of the breast. To highlight the role of this imaging techniques in providing an appropriate and individualized treatment. To exhibit the diagnostic...
A Generalized Diffusion Tensor for Fully Anisotropic Diffusion of Energetic Particles in the Heliospheric Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Effenberger, Frederic
name: Fichtner, Horst
name: Scherer, Klaus
name: Barra, Stephan
name: Kleimann, Jens
name: Strauss, Roelf Du Toit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial diffusion of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields can, in the most general case, be fully anisotropic, i.e. one has to distinguish three diffusion axes in a local, field-aligned frame. We reexamine the transformation for the diffusion tensor from this local to a global frame, in which the Parker transport equation for energetic particles is usually formulated and solved. Particularly, we generalize the transformation formulas to allow for an explicit choice of two principal local perpendicular diffusion axes. This generalization includes the 'traditional' diffusion tensor in the special case of isotropic perpendicular diffusion. For the local frame, we motivate the choice of the Frenet-Serret trihedron which is related to the intrinsic magnetic field geometry. We directly compare the old and the new tensor elements for two heliospheric magnetic field configurations, namely the hybrid Fisk and the Parker field. Subsequently, we examine the significance of the different formulations for the diffusion tensor in a standard 3D model for the modulation of galactic protons. For this we utilize a numerical code to evaluate a system of stochastic differential equations equivalent to the Parker transport equation and present the resulting modulated spectra. The computed differential fluxes based on the new tensor formulation deviate from those obtained with the 'traditional' one (only valid for isotropic perpendicular diffusion) by up to 60% for energies below a few hundred MeV depending on heliocentric distance.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted in ApJ
Simultaneous confidence bands for Yule-Walker estimators and order selection
Creators: name: Jirak, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\{X_k,k\in{\mathbb{Z}}\}$ be an autoregressive process of order $q$. Various estimators for the order $q$ and the parameters ${\bolds Θ}_q=(θ_1,...,θ_q)^T$ are known; the order is usually determined with Akaike's criterion or related modifications, whereas Yule-Walker, Burger or maximum likelihood estimators are used for the parameters ${\boldsΘ}_q$. In this paper, we establish simultaneous confidence bands for the Yule--Walker estimators $\hatθ_i$; more precisely, it is shown that the limiting distribution of ${\max_{1\leq i\leq d_n}}|\hatθ_i-θ_i|$ is the Gumbel-type distribution $e^{-e^{-z}}$, where $q\in\{0,...,d_n\}$ and $d_n=\mathcal {O}(n^δ)$, $δ>0$. This allows to modify some of the currently used criteria (AIC, BIC, HQC, SIC), but also yields a new class of consistent estimators for the order $q$. These estimators seem to have some potential, since they outperform most of the previously mentioned criteria in a small simulation study. In particular, if some of the parameters $\{θ_i\}_{1\leq i\leq d_n}$ are zero or close to zero, a significant improvement can be observed. As a byproduct, it is shown that BIC, HQC and SIC are consistent for $q\in\{0,...,d_n\}$ where $d_n=\mathcal {O}(n^δ)$.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS963 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Going beyond the Kaiser redshift-space distortion formula: a full general relativistic account of the effects and their detectability in galaxy clustering
Creators: name: Yoo, Jaiyul
name: Hamaus, Nico
name: Seljak, Uros
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kaiser redshift-space distortion formula describes well the clustering of galaxies in redshift surveys on small scales, but there are numerous additional terms that arise on large scales. Some of these terms can be described using Newtonian dynamics and have been discussed in the literature, while the others require proper general relativistic description that was only recently developed. Accounting for these terms in galaxy clustering is the first step toward tests of general relativity on horizon scales. The effects can be classified as two terms that represent the velocity and the gravitational potential contributions. Their amplitude is determined by effects such as the volume and luminosity distance fluctuation effects and the time evolution of galaxy number density and Hubble parameter. We compare the Newtonian approximation often used in the redshift-space distortion literature to the fully general relativistic equation, and show that Newtonian approximation accounts for most of the terms contributing to velocity effect. We perform a Fisher matrix analysis of detectability of these terms and show that in a single tracer survey they are completely undetectable. To detect these terms one must resort to the recently developed methods to reduce sampling variance and shot noise. We show that in an all-sky galaxy redshift survey at low redshift the velocity term can be measured at a few sigma if one can utilize halos of mass M>10^12 Msun (this can increase to 10-sigma or more in some more optimistic scenarios), while the gravitational potential term itself can only be marginally detected. We also demonstrate that the general relativistic effect is not degenerate with the primordial non-Gaussian signature in galaxy bias, and the ability to detect primordial non-Gaussianity is little compromised.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, published in PRD
title: Uncommon benign pelvic lesions: diagnostic clues
Creators: name: Corujo, Andrés
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Parasites
subject: Cysts
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Pelvis
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe a variety of CT and MRI imaging features of rare benign pelvic lesions. To identify diagnostic clues of rare benign pelvic lesions, in order to achieve accurate...
title: Typical & atypical radiological presentations of acute pancreatitis & complications
Creators: name: LAKHIA, REVAT
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: Pancreas
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To recognize the imaging indication and presentation of acute pancreatitis. To evaluate the various complications of acute pancreatitis. To outline the clino radiological summary of the acute pancreatitis & complications, illuminate puzzling...
A Complete Classification of Higher Derivative Gravity in 3D and Criticality in 4D
Creators: name: Ohta, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the condition that the theory is unitary and stable in three-dimensional gravity with most general quadratic curvature, Lorentz-Chern-Simons and cosmological terms. We provide the complete classification of the unitary theories around flat Minkowski and (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. The analysis is performed by examining the quadratic fluctuations around these classical vacua. We also discuss how to understand critical condition for four-dimensional theories at the Lagrangian level.
description: 20 pages, v2: minor corrections, refs. added, v3: logic modified, v4: typos corrected
Correction to: Methods for identifying 30 chronic conditions: application to administrative data
Creators: name: Tonelli, Marcello
name: Wiebe, Natasha
name: Fortin, Martin
name: Guthrie, Bruce
name: Hemmelgarn, Brenda R
name: James, Matthew T
name: Klarenbach, Scott W
name: Lewanczuk, Richard
name: Manns, Braden J
name: Ronksley, Paul
name: Sargious, Peter
name: Straus, Sharon
name: Quan, Hude
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2019

description: Following publication of the original manuscript [1], the authors noted several errors in Table 1. Details of the requested corrections are shown below:
title: CT evaluation of vena cava pathology
Creators: name: TACU, ALEXANDRA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Anatomy
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Congenital
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: describe the embryological development of the superior and inferior venae cavae review the spectrum of congenital variations of the venae cavae highlight relevant CT findings of the most important anatomical variations and pathologies that can...
Copenhagen, Darfur and New Perceptions of China
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: International relations

description: Blame for the failure of the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference to lead to a stronger agreement has, in many quarters, been assigned to China. A recent piece in The Guardian sums up this view very clearly. While it may not be entirely fair to blame this failure solely on China, and affluent countries including the U.S. and many in Europe are not, in the bigger picture, without blame for the climate change crisis, China clearly bears some of the responsibility for the relative failure in Copenhagen.
The influence of anisotropic gate potentials on the phonon induced spin-flip rate in GaAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Sanjay
name: Melnik, Roderick V. N.
name: Bonilla, Luis L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the anisotropic orbital effect in the electric field tunability of the phonon induced spin-flip rate in quantum dots (QDs). Our study shows that anisotropic gate potential enhances the spin-flip rate and reduces the level crossing point to a lower quantum dot radius due to the suppression of the Land$\acute{e}$ g-factor towards bulk crystal. In the range of $10^4-10^6$ V/cm, the electric field tunability of the phonon induced spin-flip rate can be manipulated through strong Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. These results might assist the development of a spin based solid state quantum computer by manipulating phonon induced spin-flip rate through spin-orbit coupling with the application of anisotropic gate potential in a regime where the g-factor changes its sign.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Towards a neck injury prevention helmet for head-first impacts : a mechanical investigation
Creators: name: Nelson, Timothy Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Cervical spine and spinal cord injuries (SCI) have catastrophic and permanent neurological consequences and are known to occur from head-first impacts in many activities where helmets are worn. A particularly dangerous posture for catastrophic cervical SCI from head-first impacts occurs when the head is flexed (nodded) approximately 30 degrees downward such that the cervical spinal column becomes aligned. In this posture, the neck reacts axially along its stiffest axis such that high forces develop over small displacements. The deceleration of the torso creates strain energy in the vertebrae beyond their tolerance. It has been shown that increasing constraint on the head at impact places the cervical spine at greater risk of injury compared to less constraining head conditions that allow the head to rotate and translate along the impact surface. At impact speeds near the tolerance for injury, this degree of head constraint can make the difference between avoiding neck injury altogether or the development of unstable neck fractures. This thesis involves the design, construction, and testing of a mechanical head, neck, and a helmet prototype that induces horizontal motion to the head as a neck injury mitigation approach in aligned column head-first impacts. In addition, a new in vitro cervical spine model of head-first impact was developed. All testing utilized a free standing drop tower to create an experimental model of the head, neck and torso system. The head and neck model exhibited an impact response that was in good agreement with the in vitro human response and was sensitive to surface compliance and platform angle. The lower-neck, head, and impact surface were instrumented to provide estimates of impact severity. The helmet prototype, of realistic size, mass, and inertia, showed that when the induced head motion acted to increase the obliqueness of the impact, a combined injury metric comprised of peak neck axial force and peak bending moment was reduced by 30% to 51% compared to testing without induced head motion. These reductions in lower-neck reaction loads were achieved without significant increases, or accompanying decreases in head accelerations. This work is being used to develop and test subsequent helmet prototypes.
title: Imaging findings in categorized splenic lesions ;usual and unusual pathologies.
Creators: name: Gülmez, Ismet
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Spleen
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Education
subject: Education and training
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Herein we aimed to present imaging findings of varied splenic lesions to help radiologists to make an correct diagnostic...
title: Artificial pneumothorax- an ally in interventional oncology
Creators: name: Krešić, Elvira
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Interventional Radiology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the role and technique of artificial pneumothorax as an ancilliary method in CT-guided percutaneous biopsy or thermal ablation of tumors located in the hepatic...
Maybe U.S.-Russian 'Reset' Isn't About Iran
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: International relations

description: Last July, on his way home from a trip to Ukraine and Georgia, Vice-President Joe Biden gave an interview with the Wall Street Journal. The interview, in which Biden described how Russia is weak, and how the U.S. “vastly underestimate(s) the hand that we hold” was widely understood in the U.S. as another gaffe by the gaffe-prone Biden. Biden’s remarks only qualify as a gaffe if we use Mike Kinsley’s definition of a gaffe as when a politician accidentally tells the truth.