cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Production experiment, subject 69
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 64-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Phenomenological description of bright domain walls in ferroelectric-antiferroelectric layered chalcogenides
Creators: name: Morozovska, Anna N.
name: Eliseev, Eugene A.
name: Kelley, Kyle
name: Vysochanskii, Yulian M.
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Maksymovych, Petro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a layered ferroelectric CuInP2Se6 was shown to exhibit domain walls with locally enhanced piezoresponse - a striking departure from the observations of nominally zero piezoresponse in most ferroelectrics. Although it was proposed that such "bright" domain walls are phase-boundaries between ferri- and antiferroelectrically ordered regions of the materials, the physical mechanisms behind the existence and response of these boundaries remain to be understood. Here, using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenology combined with four sub-lattices model, we describe quantitatively the bright-contrast and dark-contrast domain boundaries between the antiferroelectric, ferroelectric or ferrielectric long-range ordered phases in a layered ferroelectric-antiferroelectric ferroics, such as CuInP2(S1-ySey)6
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 1 Appendix
Sul Carso triestino, la più antica delle mappe celesti
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Una pietra circolare di 50 cm di diametro e 30 cm di spessore, trovata nel Castelliere di Rupinpiccolo e risalente a un’epoca compresa fra il 1800 a.C. e il 400 a.C., presenta sulla superficie 29 incisioni sovrapponibili con notevole precisione – tutte tranne una – alle stelle dello Scorpione, di Orione, delle Pleiadi e di Cassiopeia. Ad accorgersene, un astronomo dell’Inaf di Trieste, Paolo Molaro, e un archeologo dell’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia e dell’Ictp, Federico Bernardini
Interpolation of rational functions in loop calculations by using p-adic numbers
Creators: name: Chawdhry, Herschel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation and manipulation of large multi-variable rational functions is a key bottleneck in multi-loop calculations. In these conference proceedings, based on my article [Chawdhry (2023) arXiv:2312.03672], I present a technique to interpolate such rational functions in a compact form by evaluating them at special integer points chosen for their properties under a $p$-adic absolute value. I apply the technique to examples of large rational functions appearing in 2-loop 5-point massless non-planar amplitude calculations in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The number of required numerical probes (per field) is found to be around 25 times smaller than in conventional techniques, and the obtained result is 130 times smaller.
description: 11 pages. Contribution to the proceedings of "Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory" (LL2024), Wittenberg, Germany
Analysis of the Matrix Event Graph Replicated Data Type
Creators: name: Jacob, Florian
name: Beer, Carolin
name: Henze, Norbert
name: Hartenstein, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.1; C.2.4; G.3
subject: 60J20

description: Matrix is a new kind of decentralized, topic-based publish-subscribe middleware for communication and data storage that is getting popular particularly as a basis for secure instant messaging. In comparison to traditional decentralized communication systems, Matrix replaces pure message passing with a replicated data structure. This data structure, which we extract and call the Matrix Event Graph (MEG), depicts the causal history of messages. We show that this MEG represents an interesting and important replicated data type for general decentralized applications that are based on causal histories of publish-subscribe events: we show that a MEG possesses strong properties with respect to consistency, byzantine attackers, and scalability. First, we show that the MEG provides Strong Eventual Consistency (SEC), and that it is available under partition, by proving that the MEG is a Conflict-Free Replicated Data Type for causal histories. While strong consistency is impossible here as shown by the famous CAP theorem, SEC is among the best known achievable trade-offs. Second, we discuss the implications of byzantine attackers on the data type's properties. We note that the MEG, as it does not strive for consensus, can cope with $n > f$ environments with $n$ total participants of which $f$ show byzantine faults. Furthermore, we analyze scalability: Using Markov chains we study the width of the MEG, defined as the number of forward extremities, over time and observe an almost optimal evolution. We conjecture that this property is inherent to the underlying spatially inhomogeneous random walk.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Obtaining Exact Value by Approximate Computations
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingzhong
name: Feng, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Numerical approximate computation can solve large and complex problems fast. It has the advantage of high efficiency. However it only gives approximate results, whereas we need exact results in many fields. There is a gap between approximate computation and exact results. In this paper, we build a bridge by which exact results can be obtained by numerical approximate computations.
Esopianeti glaciali, ma con oceani e geyser
Creators: Rossella Spiga
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

La superficie di diciassette pianeti extrasolari potrebbe nascondere oceani di acqua liquida e un’attività geologica molto elevata, in grado di produrre veri e propri geyser capaci di emergere dalla crosta ghiacciata. Lo suggerisce uno studio guidato dalla Nasa pubblicato lo scorso ottobre su The Astrophysical Journal
Exposure to pottery kiln emissions : a pilot study to measure potters’ exposures to the vaporous and ærosols during the firing process
Creators: name: Hirtle, Robert Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Area samples for gases and metals were taken at 10 sites from each of five categories: professional studios, recreation centres, elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. Reported concentrations are in ug/m3 unless otherwise specified. Means and maxima are reported for substances detectable at 50% or more of all sites: nitrogen dioxide (0.021 ppm, 0.060 ppm), aluminum (1.13, 15.6), barium (0.015, 0.091), boron (0.534, 5.25), iron (0.549, 4.04), manganese (0.013, 0.094). Only maximum values are reported for substances with fewer than 25 of the 50 measurements above detection limits: sulfur dioxide (0.508 ppm), fluorides (0.152 ppm), formaldehyde (0.102 ppm), carbon monoxide (7 ppm), antimony (0.010), beryllium (0.002), cadmium (0.114), chromium (0.431), cobalt (0.169), copper (0.002), lead (0.208), lithium (0.015), magnesium (4.25), mercury (0.017), nickel (0.291), selenium (0.249), silver (0.003), vanadium (5.22), and zinc (1.50). There were no detectable levels of arsenic or gold. Personal metal exposures were sampled at 24 sites. Means and maxima are reported for metals present at more than 50% of all sites. Where more than 50% of all values are below detection limits, only maxima are reported. Aluminum (7.82, 62.8), barium (0.085, 0.368), beryllium (0.005) boron (0.655, 3.89), cadmium (0.999), chromium (0.306), cobalt (0.069, 0.863), copper (0.075, 0.312), iron (2.51, 27.0), lead (0.788), lithium (0.125), magnesium (1.87, 9.57), manganese (0.056,0.174), nickel (0.175), silver (1.76), zinc (0.359,3.58). There were no detectable levels of antimony, arsenic, gold, mercury, selenium, or vanadium. In general, measured concentrations were well below North American occupational limits. Personal metal exposures tended to exceed kiln area concentrations, suggesting other important sources of metal exposure. Small, ventilated kiln rooms, with contaminant concentrations ranking among the highest measured, indicate a potential for higher contamination. Industrial exhaust hoods accompanied by HVAC systems proved the most effective ventilation strategy.
Phytotoxic metabolites produced by Botryosphaeriaceae involved in cultivated and forest plants diseases
Creators: name: Basso, Sara
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: Species of Botryosphaeriaceae occur in most parts of the world under various ecological niches, and are found as endophytes, parasites and saprophytes on a vast number of both annual and perennial plants. Several species of this family are significant plant pathogens causing important symptoms and eventual death in economically important woody perennial crops and ornamental plants as well as both in native and introduced forest tree species.
The interaction between plant pathogens and their hosts is extremely complex. There are many factors affecting the plant disease development.
Phytopathogenic fungi employ an array of strategies to distress, weaken or kill the host plant in order to gain access to nutrients. One of these strategies is the production of secondary metabolites.
The aim of the present thesis was the study of Botryosphaeriaceae species involved in GTDs and canker and dieback in forest plants, by chemical and biological characterization of the phytotoxins produced in order to understand the role of these natural products in the phatogenesis process and therefore to use them against specific diseases.
Redshifts of Emission Line Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Creators: name: Xu, Chun
name: Pirzkal, Norbert
name: Malhotra, Sangeeta
name: Rhoads, James E.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Gronwall, Caryl
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Panagia, Nino
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Kuemmel, Martin
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
name: Pasquali, Anna
name: Alighieri, Sperello di Serego
name: Vernet, Joel
name: Walsh, Jeremy R.
name: Windhorst, Rogier
name: Yan, Haojing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present redshifts for 115 emission line objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) identified through the GRism ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) project using the slitless grism spectroscopy mode of the ACS Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The sample was selected by an emission line search on all extracted 1-dimensional GRAPES spectra. We identify the emission lines using line wavelength ratios where multiple lines are detected in the grism wavelength range (5800A < lambda < 9600A), and using photometric redshift information where multiple lines are unavailable. We then derive redshifts using the identified lines. Our redshifts are accurate to delta(z) = 0.009, based on both statistical uncertainty estimates and comparison with published ground-based spectra. Over 40% of our sample is fainter than typical magnitude limits for ground-based spectroscopy (with i_{AB}>25 mag). Such emission lines would likely remain undiscovered without our deep survey. The emission line objects fall into 3 categories: 1) Most are low to moderate redshift galaxies (0 < z < 2), including many actively star forming galaxies with strong HII regions; 2) 9 are high redshift (4 < z < 7) Lyman-alpha emitters; and 3) at least 3 are candidate AGNs.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Magnetismo terrestre: una storia scritta nell’argilla
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Secondo uno studio pubblicato di recente su Pnas, in alcune tavole d'argilla provenienti da siti archeologici dell'antica Mesopotamia si nasconderebbero le firme di una misteriosa anomalia nel campo magnetico terrestre verificatasi oltre tremila anni fa. La ricerca, condotta da un team dell’Ucl, offre un nuovo strumento per datare antichi manufatti, e può aiutare gli storici a stabilire con maggiore precisione la durata dei regni di alcuni degli antichi re di queste terre
Additional file 1 of Development of an exercise programme for balance abilities in people with multiple sclerosis: a development of concept study using Rasch analysis
Creators: name: Sattelmayer, Karl Martin
name: Chevalley, Odile
name: Kool, Jan
name: Wiskerke, Evelyne
name: Denkinger, Lina Nilsson
name: Giacomino, Katia
name: Opsommer, Emmanuelle
name: Hilfiker, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. An example balance exercise (exercise e1). File format: pdf. This webpage was shown to the participants and comprised a photo of the exercise, written instructions and the self-reported scale to rate the difficulty of the exercise.
Making Data: The Work Behind Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Braz, Matheus Viana
name: Tubaro, Paola
name: Casilli, Antonio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: AI generates both enthusiasm and disillusionment, with promises that often go unfulfilled. It is therefore not surprising that human labor, which is its fundamental component, is also subject to these same deceptions. The development of "smart technologies" depends, at different stages, on a multitude of precarious, underpaid and invisible workers, who, dispersed globally, carry out repetitive, fragmented activities, paid per task and completed in a few seconds. These are workers who label data to train algorithms, through tasks that require the intuitive, creative and cognitive abilities of human beings, such as categorizing images, classifying advertisements, transcribing audio and video, evaluating advertisements, moderating content on social media, labeling human anatomical points of interest, digitizing documents, etc. This form of work is often referred to as "microwork". Our contribution, which documents the conditions of microwork in Brazil and offers portraits of the workers, is a step in the wider effort to overcome the current state of invisibilization. It opens up avenues for future research, with the aim of better characterizing this new form of work, tracing its changes over time in relation to the dynamics of globalization and, ideally, identifying levers for action and transitions.
description: in Portuguese language
Che tempo spaziale fa? Ce lo dice “Meteo Spazio”
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Il conduttore-comandante spaziale Riccardo Cresci, a bordo della sua astronave virtuale “Star Gulp”, racconta su Rai Gulp cosa succede sul Sole e sui pianeti del nostro sistema planetario, parlando di temi legati all’astronomia, al nostro pianeta, al Sistema solare e alle più recenti novità dal mondo delle scienze spaziali. Il programma vede per la prima volta la collaborazione dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica
A MEASUREMENT ARCHITECTURE BASED ON COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING FOR THE MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION GRIDS
Creators: name: Bonavolontà, Francesco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: In recent years significant change in the power grid for the distribution of electrical energy have been observed. Thanks to liberalization of the electrical market and the incentives offered to the production of energy from renewable sources, the number of medium and small producers has increased. Moreover, with the development of communication technology, the transmission grid has been increasingly equipped with automated devices capable of monitoring and transmitting some information about the grid and, in some cases, to control the actuation devices connected to the grid itself. In this scenario, the term smart grid was born, used to describe energy networks that can automatically monitor energy flows and adjust to changes in energy supply and demand accordingly. When coupled with smart metering systems, smart grids reach consumers and suppliers by providing information on real-time consumption. As an example, consumers can adapt their energy usage to different energy prices throughout the day with personal smart meters, saving money on their energy bills by consuming more energy in lower price periods. As it can be expected, the wider the grid, the larger the number of smart meters required for its monitoring. However, deploying thousands of such devices turns rapidly to be too expensive. Consequently, the realization of the distributed measurement system could not be economically sustainable.
To overcome the considered limitations, the research activities have been focused on the possibility to move towards a different approach for monitoring grid deployed on wide geographical areas, exploiting the advantages of an innovative acquisition paradigm: the Compressed Sampling (CS) . CS is a signal processing technique for efficiently acquiring and reconstructing a signal from far fewer samples than those required by the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem. In particular, the proposed architecture consists of low cost nodes mandated only to sample and digitize a limited number of input signal samples and transmit them to a central measurement unit, thus saving the costs related to large memory supports and expensive digital processing units. Once the samples are received, the central unit recovers the signal spectrum thanks to CS-based algorithm and carries out the desired measurements. Thanks to the CS-based approach, it is possible to design and realize a measurement node, characterized by reduced memory depth and only one ADC, suitable for poly-phase system with neutral wire that allows meeting the requirements of a distributed measurement system. Numerical and experimental test verified highlight the capability of CS-based acquisition approach of correctly measuring the root-mean-square amplitude of voltage waveforms and assuring simultaneous multi-channel acquisitions. Finally, the compliance of the measurement node based on CS approach with the current Power Quality standards is assessed and discussed.
Usage Scenarios for Byte-Addressable Persistent Memory inHigh-Performance and Data Intensive Computing
Creators: name: Weiland, Michele
name: Homoelle, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Byte-addressable persistent memory (B-APM) presents a new opportunity to bridge the performance gap between main memory and storage. In this paper, we present the usage scenarios for this new technology, based on the capabilities of Intel's DCPMM. We outline some of the basic performance characteristics of DCPMM, and explain how it can be configured and used to address the needs of memory and I/O intensive applications in the HPC and data intensive domains. Two decision trees are presented to advise on the configuration options for B-APM; their use is illustrated with two examples. We show that the flexibility of the technology has the potential to be truly disruptive, not only because of the performance improvements it can deliver, but also because it allows systems to cater for wider range of applications on homogeneous hardware.
On the Nature of Part Time Radio Pulsars
Creators: name: Li, Xiang-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of rotating radio transients and the quasi-periodicity of pulsar activity in the radio pulsar PSR B1931$+$24 has challenged the conventional theory of radio pulsar emission. Here we suggest that these phenomena could be due to the interaction between the neutron star magnetosphere and the surrounding debris disk. The pattern of pulsar emission depends on whether the disk can penetrate the light cylinder and efficiently quench the processes of particle production and acceleration inside the magnetospheric gap. A precessing disk may naturally account for the switch-on/off behavior in PSR B1931$+$24.
description: 9 pages, accepted to ApJL
Gallina in fuga nella costellazione del Centauro
Creators: Redazione Eso
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Una nuova immagine dell’Eso da 1,5 miliardi di pixel – ottenuta con la  fotocamera a grande campo OmegaCam installata sul Vst (Vlt Survey Telescope), un telescopio dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica ospitato al Paranal, in Cile – mostra la nebulosa di Lambda Centauri con un dettaglio senza precedenti
Nonassicative cosmological solitonic R-flux deformations in gauge gravity and G. Perelman geometric flow thermodynamics
Creators: name: Bubuianu, L.
name: Seti, J. O.
name: Vacaru, S.
name: Veliev, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on a model of nonassociative and noncommutative gauge gravity for the de Sitter gauge group $SO(4,1)$ embedding extensions of the affine structure group $Af(4,1)$ and the Poincaré group $ISO(3,1)$. In string theory, such nonassociative gauge gravity theories are determined by star product R-flux deformations. They are new avenues to quantum gravity and geometric and quantum information theories. We analyze physically important and geometric thermodynamic properties of new classes of generic off-diagonal cosmological solitonic solutions encoding nonassociative effective sources. Particularly, we focus on modelling by such solutions of locally anisotropic and inhomogeneous dark matter and dark energy structures generated as nonassociative solitonic hierarchies. Such accelerating cosmological evolution scenarios can't be described in the framework of the Bekenstein-Hawking thermodynamic formalism. This motivates a change in the gravitational thermodynamic paradigm by considering nonassociative and relativistic generalizations of the concept of W-entropy in the theory of Ricci flows. Finally, we compute the corresponding modified G. Perelman's thermodynamic variables and analyze the temperature-like evolution of cosmological constants determined by nonassociative cosmological flows.
description: latex2e, 11pt, 18pages
Additional file 3 of Development of an exercise programme for balance abilities in people with multiple sclerosis: a development of concept study using Rasch analysis
Creators: name: Sattelmayer, Karl Martin
name: Chevalley, Odile
name: Kool, Jan
name: Wiskerke, Evelyne
name: Denkinger, Lina Nilsson
name: Giacomino, Katia
name: Opsommer, Emmanuelle
name: Hilfiker, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. The 19 key balance exercises and ratings of balance dimensions and mean rank position of exercise difficulty. File format: pdf. The following information is presented: the exercise ID; the exercise name; photo of the exercise; specification in which categories the exercise has been sorted; frequency of ratings within the category; mean rank position; exercise instruction.
Nonmetric geometric flows and quasicrystalline topological phases for dark energy and dark matter in $f(Q)$ cosmology
Creators: name: Bubuianu, L.
name: Nurlan, E.
name: Seti, J. O.
name: Vacaru, S.
name: Veliev, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on nonmetric geometric flow theory and metric-affine gravity with applications in modern cosmology. Two main motivations for our research follow from the facts that 1) cosmological models for $f(Q)$ modified gravity theories, MGTs, are efficient for describing recent observational data provided by the James Webb Space Telescope; and 2) the statistical thermodynamic properties of such nonmetric locally anisotropic cosmological models can be studied using generalizations of the concept of G. Perelman entropy. We derive nonmetric distorted R. Hamilton and Ricci soliton equations in such canonical nonholonomic variables when corresponding systems of nonlinear PDEs can be decoupled and integrated in general off-diagonal forms. This is possible if we develop and apply the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method involving corresponding types of generating functions and generating sources encoding nonmetric distortions. Using such generic off-diagonal solutions (when the coefficients of metrics and connections may depend generically on all spacetime coordinates), we model accelerating cosmological scenarios with quasi-periodic gravitational and (effective) matter fields; and study topological and nonlinear geometric properties of respective dark energy and dark matter, DE and DM, models. As explicit examples, we analyze some classes of nonlinear symmetries defining topological quasicrystal, QC, phases which can modified to generate other types of quasi-periodic and locally anisotropic structures. The conditions when such nonlinear systems possess a behaviour which is similar to that of the Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) scenario are stated. We conclude that nonmetric geometric and cosmological flows can be considered as an alternative to the $Λ$CDM concordance models and speculate on how such theories can be elaborated.
description: latex2e, 11pt, 41 pages
Concerto di dodicimila stelle per Gaia
Creators: Chiara Badia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Studiando i “terremoti stellari”, ovvero le variazioni nello spettro di frequenza delle onde sonore delle stelle, è possibile stimarne le dimensioni e di conseguenza la distanza. Un po' come capire se uno strumento musicale è grande o piccolo dal tipo di suono che emette. Con questo metodo, un team di astronomi dell’Epfl di Losanna, dell’Università di Bologna e dell’Inaf ha potuto confrontare e verificare i dati di parallasse forniti dal telescopio spaziale Gaia
Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles
Creators: name: Vicsek, Tamas
name: Czirok, Andras
name: Ben-Jacob, Eshel
name: Cohen, Inon
name: Sochet, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model with a novel type of dynamics is introduced in order to investigate the emergence of self-ordered motion in systems of particles with biologically motivated interaction. In our model particles are driven with a constant absolute velocity and at each time step assume the average direction of motion of the particles in their neighborhood with some random perturbation ($η$) added. We present numerical evidence that this model results in a kinetic phase transition from no transport (zero average velocity, $| {\bf v}_a | =0$) to finite net transport through spontaneous symmetry breaking of the rotational symmetry. The transition is continuous since $| {\bf v}_a |$ is found to scale as $(η_c-η)^β$ with $β\simeq 0.45$.
Chemical Fingerprints of Formation in Rocky Super-Earths' Data
Creators: name: Plotnykov, Mykhaylo
name: Valencia, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition of rocky exoplanets in the context of stars' composition provides important constraints to formation theories. In this study, we select a sample of exoplanets with mass and radius measurements with an uncertainty <25% and obtain their interior structure. We calculate compositional markers, ratios of iron to magnesium and silicon, as well as core-mass fractions (cmf) that fit the planetary parameters, and compare them to the stars'. We find four key results that successful planet formation theories need to predict: (1) In a population sense, the composition of rocky planets spans a wider range than stars. The stars' Fe/Si distribution is close to a Gaussian distribution $1.63^{+0.91}_{-0.85}$, while the planets' distribution peaks at lower values and has a longer tail, $1.15^{+1.43}_{-0.76}$. It is easier to see the discrepancy in cmf space, where primordial stellar composition is $0.32^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$, while rocky planets' follow a broader distribution $0.24^{+0.33}_{-0.18}$. (2) We introduce uncompressed density ($\overline{ρ_0}$ at reference pressure/temperature) as a metric to compare compositions. With this, we find what seems to be the maximum iron enrichment that rocky planets attain during formation ($\overline{ρ_0}$ ~ 6 and cmf ~ 0.8). (3) Highly irradiated planets exhibit a large range of compositions. If these planets are the result of atmospheric evaporation, iron enrichment and perhaps depletion must happen before gas dispersal. And (4), we identify a group of highly-irradiated planets that, if rocky, would be 2-fold depleted in Fe/Si with respect to the stars. Without a reliable theory for forming iron-depleted planets, these are interesting targets for follow up.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Competition between Vortex Unbinding and Tunneling in an Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Cazalilla, M. A.
name: Iucci, A.
name: Giamarchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a system of two-dimensional Bose gases trapped in minima of a deep one-dimensional optical lattice potential. Increasing the tunneling amplitude between adjacent gases drives a deconfinement transition to a phase where coherence is established between neighboring two-dimensional gases. We compute the signature of this transition in the interference pattern of the system as well as in its rotational response, which provides a direct measurement of the superfluidity in the system.
description: 4+ pages, 1 figure
Universi, è uscito il secondo numero della rivista
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Nel mese di dicembre è uscito il nuovo numero della rivista Universi. In questo secondo numero, ricercatrici e ricercatori dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica hanno preparato approfondimenti su temi di attualità riguardanti ricerche scientifiche in cui sono direttamente coinvolti. Li trovate, insieme a rubriche e servizi fotografici, sul sito web della rivista, dal quale è anche possibile abbonarsi alla versione cartacea
Systems of orthogonal polynomials defined by hypergeometric type equations with application to quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Cotfas, Nicolae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33C45; 81Q60

description: A hypergeometric type equation satisfying certain conditions defines either a finite or an infinite system of orthogonal polynomials. We present in a unified and explicit way all these systems of orthogonal polynomials, the associated special functions and the corresponding raising/lowering operators. The considered equations are directly related to some Schrodinger type equations (Poschl-Teller, Scarf, Morse, etc), and the defined special functions are related to the corresponding bound-state eigenfunctions.
description: Additional results available at http://fpcm5.fizica.unibuc.ro/~ncotfas
Nonassociative Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell systems and R-flux modified Reissner-Nordström black holes and wormholes
Creators: name: Bubuianu, L.
name: Seti, J. O.
name: Vacaru, S.
name: Veliev, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate on a model of nonassociative and noncommutative Einstein--Dirac-Maxwell, EDM, theory determined by star product R-flux deformations in string theory. Solutions for nonassociative EDM systems and physical properties not studied in modern physics. For modifications of the four-dimensional, 4-d, Einstein gravity, we work on conventional nonassociative 8-d phase spaces modelled as star-deformed co-tangent Lorentz bundles. Generalizing the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method, the nonassociative EDM equations are decoupled and integrated in exact and parametric quasi-stationary forms. Corresponding generic off-diagonal metrics are described by nonlinear symmetries and encode nonassociative effective sources and generating functions depending on space and momentum-like coordinates. For respective nonholonomic parameterizations, such solutions describe nonassociative deformations of the Reissner-Nordström black holes. A variant of nonassociative phase space wormhole solution with fermions possessing anisotropic polarized masses is also analyzed. We conclude that such phase space physical objects can't be characterized using the concept of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and show how to compute another type (modified G. Perelman ones) nonassociative geometric and statistical thermodynamic variables.
description: latex2e, 11 pt, 21 pages
Fractional term structure models: No-arbitrage and consistency
Creators: name: Ohashi, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H30 (Primary) 91B70 (Secondary)

description: In this work we introduce Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) interest rate models driven by fractional Brownian motions. By using support arguments we prove that the resulting model is arbitrage free under proportional transaction costs in the same spirit of Guasoni [Math. Finance 16 (2006) 569-582]. In particular, we obtain a drift condition which is similar in nature to the classical HJM no-arbitrage drift restriction. The second part of this paper deals with consistency problems related to the fractional HJM dynamics. We give a fairly complete characterization of finite-dimensional invariant manifolds for HJM models with fractional Brownian motion by means of Nagumo-type conditions. As an application, we investigate consistency of Nelson-Siegel family with respect to Ho-Lee and Hull-White models. It turns out that similar to the Brownian case such a family does not go well with the fractional HJM dynamics with deterministic volatility. In fact, there is no nontrivial fractional interest rate model consistent with the Nelson-Siegel family.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP586 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Il superammasso Westerlund 1 ai raggi X
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

È l’ammasso stellare giovane più massiccio nella Via Lattea. Osservarlo con Chandra ai raggi X ha consentito a un team guidato da Mario Guarcello dell’Inaf di Palermo l’identificazione di 5963 sorgenti di raggi X, per lo più stelle dell’ammasso. La sorgente più luminosa ai raggi X in Westerlund 1 è una stella a neutroni generata da una supernova avvenuta circa 700mila anni fa
Additional file 5 of Development of an exercise programme for balance abilities in people with multiple sclerosis: a development of concept study using Rasch analysis
Creators: name: Sattelmayer, Karl Martin
name: Chevalley, Odile
name: Kool, Jan
name: Wiskerke, Evelyne
name: Denkinger, Lina Nilsson
name: Giacomino, Katia
name: Opsommer, Emmanuelle
name: Hilfiker, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Category disordering. File format: pdf. Average (mean) ability estimates are presented for each category. Disordered categories are highlighted with an *.
Plasma bollente tutt’attorno alla Via Lattea
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Analizzando i dati a tutto cielo raccolti dal telescopio spaziale per raggi X eRosita, un team del Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Germania), guidato da Nicola Locatelli dell’Inaf di Brera, ha scoperto che la nostra galassia è avvolta da un gas caldo e ionizzato la cui distribuzione ricorda quella del disco stellare, ed è probabilmente parte di un alone sferico molto più grande. Il risultato su A&A
Exponential control of overlap in the replica method for p-spin Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model
Creators: name: Panchenko, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B44

description: Recently, Michel Talagrand computed the large deviations limit $\lim_{N\to\infty}(Na)^{-1}\log \e Z_N^a$ for the moments of the partition function $Z_N$ in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model for all real $a\geq 0.$ For $a\geq 1$ the limit is given by Guerra's inverse bound and this result extends the classical physicist's replica method that corresponds to integer $a.$ We give a new proof for $a\geq 1$ in the case of the pure $p$-spin SK model that provides a strong exponential control of the overlap.
Air Pollution in the City of Naples: Methods of measurements and prognostic models for the improvement of the air quality.
Creators: name: Mazzeo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: Study of the composition of atmospheric particulate PM10 of the city of Naples. Sampling campaign of particulate pollution by gravimetry and optical method OPC. Chemical analysis of particulate filters with objective to have a  quantitative determination of the inorganic component ion by ion chromatography, heavy metals by ICP-MS and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by HPLC.
Definition of a meteorological model set to the geographical domain of Naples by WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting Model) and the implementation of a simulation model of the chemical reactivity and transport of the main air pollutants through the program CAMx (Comprehensive Air quality Model with extention ). The project work was conceived in partnership with the authorities of the City of Naples and University of Naples Federico II in order to provide the citizens a tool for the improvement of air quality in the city of Naples.
C-Functions in Lovelock Gravity
Creators: name: Anber, Mohamed M.
name: Kastor, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present C-functions for static and spherically symmetric spacetimes in Lovelock gravity theories. These functions are monotonically increasing functions of the outward radial coordinate and acquire their minima when evaluated on the horizon. Unlike the case of Einstein gravity, where there is a single C-function, we find that this function is non-unique in the case of Lovelock gravity. We define two C-functions, which agree at the horizon giving the black hole entropy, and state the different energy conditions that must hold in order for these functions to satisfy the monotonicity condition.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, v2-references added, few comments added
Production experiment, subject 68
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 33-year-old female. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Generalizing the calculable $R$-matrix theory and eigenvector continuation to the incoming wave boundary condition
Creators: name: Bai, Dong
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculable $R$-matrix theory has been formulated successfully for regular boundary conditions with vanishing radial wave functions at the coordinate origins [P. Descouvemont and D. Baye, Rept. Prog. Phys. 73, 036301 (2010)]. We generalize the calculable $R$-matrix theory to the incoming wave boundary condition (IWBC), which is widely used in theoretical studies of low-energy heavy-ion fusion reactions to simulate the strong absorption of incoming flux inside the Coulomb barriers. The generalized calculable $R$-matrix theory also provides a natural starting point to extend eigenvector continuation (EC) [D. Frame et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 032501 (2018)] to fusion observables. The ${}^{14}\text{N}+{}^{12}\text{C}$ fusion reaction is taken as an example to validate these new theoretical tools. Both local and nonlocal potentials are considered in numerical calculations. Our generalizations of the calculable $R$-matrix theory and EC are found to work well for IWBC.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; accepted by Physical Review C
The Atkinson Theorem in Hilbert C*-Modules Over C*-Algebras of Compact Operators
Creators: name: Niknam, Assadollah
name: Sharifi, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A53, 46L05, 47L60

description: In this paper the concept of unbounded Fredholm operators on Hilbert C*- modules over an arbitrary C*-algebra is discussed and the Atkinson theorem is generalized for bounded and unbounded Feredholm operators on Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators. In the framework of Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators, the index of an unbounded Fredholm operator and the index of its bounded transform are the same.
description: 8 pages, the proof of the Theorem 2.3 was omitted, to appear in Abstract and Applied Analysis
Quantum Helicity Entropy of Moving Bodies
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Shao, Shuxin
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz transformation of the reduced helicity density matrix for a massive spin 1/2 particle is investigated in the framework of relativistic quantum information theory for the first time. The corresponding helicity entropy is calculated, which shows no invariant meaning as that of spin. The variation of the helicity entropy with the relative speed of motion of inertial observers, however, differs significantly from that of spin due to their distinct transformation behaviors under the action of Lorentz group. This novel and odd behavior unique to the helicity may be readily detected by high energy physics experiments. The underlying physical explanations are also discussed.
description: version to appear in Journal of Physics A as a Fast Track Communication
Multi-objective optimization for a composite pressure vessel with unequal polar openings
Creators: name: Rozova, Lyudmyla
name: Meemary, Bilal
name: Chaki, Salim
name: Deléglise-Lagardère, Mylène
name: Vasiukov, Dmytro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multi-objective parametric optimization problem is presented for overwrapped composite pressure vessels under internal pressure for storage and heating water. It is solved using the developed iterative optimization algorithm. Optimal values of design parameters for the vessel are obtained by varying the set of parameters for composite layers, such as the thickness of layers and radii of polar openings, which influence the distribution of fiber angles along the vessel. The suggested optimization methodology is based on the mechanical solution for composite vessels and the satisfaction of the main failure criteria. An innovative approach lies in the possibility of using the developed optimization methodology for designing vessels with non-symmetrical filament winding, which have unequal polar openings on the domes. This became possible due to the development of a special numerical mechanical finite element model of a composite vessel. A specific Python program provides the creation of a model and controls the exchange of data between the modules of the iterative optimization process. The numerical model includes the determination of the distribution of fiber angles on the domes and cylindrical part of the vessel as well as changes in layer thicknesses. The optimization problem solution is provided using a Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm, this type of method showed its efficiency for such applications, by allowing to avoid local solutions. Thus, optimal parameters of a composite vessel were found by minimizing composite mass and thickness and maximizing the strain energy. Test solutions using the developed methodology are presented for three types of composite materials to evaluate their possibility for integration into the vessel design model.
Molecular cloud regulated star formation in galaxies
Creators: name: Booth, C. M.
name: Theuns, T.
name: Okamoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a numerical implementation of star formation in disk galaxies, in which the conversion of cooling gas to stars in the multiphase interstellar medium is governed by the rate at which molecular clouds are formed and destroyed. In the model, clouds form from thermally unstable ambient gas and get destroyed by feedback from massive stars and thermal conduction. Feedback in the ambient phase cycles gas into a hot galactic fountain or wind. We model the ambient gas hydrodynamically using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). However, we cannot resolve the Jeans mass in the cold and dense molecular gas and, therefore, represent the cloud phase with ballistic particles that coagulate when colliding. We show that this naturally produces a multiphase medium with cold clouds, a warm disk, hot supernova bubbles and a hot, tenuous halo. Our implementation of this model is based on the Gadget N-Body code. We illustrate the model by evolving an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy and study the properties of a disk formed in a rotating spherical collapse. Many observed properties of disk galaxies are reproduced well, including the molecular cloud mass spectrum, the molecular fraction as a function of radius, the Schmidt law, the stellar density profile and the appearance of a galactic fountain.
description: 26 pages including 22 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Version including full resolution figures available from http://star-www.dur.ac.uk/~dph3cmb/sp.ps