cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Limestone-Calcium Chloride Stabilized Base
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report is mainly concerned with the calcium-chloride stabilized portion of a combination base. A 4-inch course of waterbound macadam was placed over a 1-inch insulation course overlying an existing traffic-bound stone surface. The next 4 inches of base above, the water bound material consisted of two 2-inch layers of calcium-chloride stabilized limestone of a design not used heretofore by the Department.  Bituminous concrete binder and surface courses laid over the base brought the total mat thickness to more than 11 inches. The surface width was 30 feet, and the length of the project was 1.1 miles.  Although the road is located about 2 miles south of the Lexington city limit, it serves an area which is essentially urban. In addition it is a link between U.S. 27 and U.S. 68 as shown in the sketch map of Fig. 1. The traffic volume anticipated in the near future is approximately 1500 vehicles per day of which a fairly large percentage will be commercial because of the business and industrial zone nearby and the convenience this route offers in avoiding congested streets within Lexington carrying U.S. 27 north and south.  From an investigational standpoint, interest was centered on the so-called stabilized courses, not only because of the unusual stone gradation involved but also the feasibility of mixing and spreading these courses with patrol graders. This process was under observation as a means for simplifying macadam construction and improving the riding qualities of the finished pavement. The length of the project limited possibilities for comparison that would apply to simplified construction procedures; however, the length was not considered an important influence on placement of the base in its relation to improved riding qualities.
CONSOLIDATION, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, AND THE HECKSHCER-OHLIN THEORY OF TRADE - AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF US MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Schluter, Gerald E.
name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Schluter, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Industrial Organization
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
A Survey of Acidity in Drainage Waters and the Condition of Highway Drainage Installations
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: During the summer of 1949, approximately one year after installation, serious corrosion failures were discovered in a series of galvanized metal entrance culverts on U.S. 60 south of Ashland near Princess. Because of a unique disparity in their performance at this location, the problem was referred to the Research Division for possible explanation. An impromptu investigation ensued, and the cause of the failure was attributed directly to acid drainage water flowing from extensive strip-mining operations within the immediate area. A report (1)* describing the attendant conditions was made to the Research Committee in December of that year.  As an outgrowth of those findings and as a precaution against future recurrences, the Committee directed that a state-wide survey be made to determine whether drainage of this type would constitute a real problem in other parts of the state; and if so, to determine whether these corrosive conditions would be naturally restricted to particular areas within which it would be advantageous to require the use of acid resistant materials. Both of these provisions, of course, were somewhat contingent upon an inventory appraisal of in-service culverts and of necessity both phases would have to be conducted concurrently.
LIVESTOCK TO 2020: THE REVOLUTION CONTINUES
Creators: name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Meijer, Siet
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Meijer, Siet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Production Economics

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
title: Evaluation of clinical practice over time for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer: a collaborative study of Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario
Creators: name: Short, Ian P. B.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Background: In 1990, the National Institutes of Health released the first published guidelines for the treatment of rectal cancer, which recommended chemo-radiation therapy in the postoperative setting for patients with stage II and III of the disease. Since then, numerous studies have suggested the superiority of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy in terms of local control, acute and long-term toxic effects, patient compliance, and sphincter preservation. As a result, the current standard of care for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer has become neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy followed by surgery with curative intent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes made to the clinical practice of rectal cancer over time by comparing the effects of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy to standard therapy on patient survival and disease recurrence. Methods: We examined the clinicopathological data for a sample of 757 confirmed cases of rectal adenocarcinoma collected from 1 of 3 cohorts: the Newfoundland Colorectal Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2003, the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2000, and the single practice of a general surgeon working in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1993 – 2014. The primary outcome of our study was overall survival in patients with stage II and III of the disease, which was measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of death. We investigated the effect of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy on overall survival for these patients. Results: For patients with stage I-IV rectal cancer, age, anterior resection surgery, complete excision, grade, vascular and perineural invasion, and stage were independent predictors of overall survival (p < 0.05). For patients with stage II and III of the disease, age, anterior resection surgery, complete excision, grade, stage, and the presence of perineural invasion were independently associated with overall survival (p < 0.05). Again, no significant association between neoadjuvant therapy and patient survival was observed independent of these variables. The rate of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy was significantly higher for stage II and III patients diagnosed after December 2003 (5% vs. 41%, p < 0.001). For this cohort, age, sex, stage, and vascular invasion were independent significant predictors of overall survival (p < 0.05). Again, neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy had no significant effect on survival. However, the relative risk for neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy was 0.428 (p= 0.107). Conclusions: In the cohort with stage II and III rectal cancer diagnosed after 2003, the magnitude of the relative risk for neoadjuvant chemo-radiation suggested benefit, but it did not achieve statistical significance because of the inadequate power caused by the small study size.
Multi-verses, Micro-universes and Elementary Particles (Hadrons)
Creators: name: Recami, Erasmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a panoramic view of our unified, bi-scale theory of gravitational and strong interactions [which is mathematically analogous to the last version of N.Rosen's bi-metric theory, and yields physical results similar to strong gravity's]. This theory, developed during the last 25 years, is purely geometrical in nature, adopting the methods of general relativity for the description of hadron structure and strong interactions. In particular, hadrons can be associated with "strong black-holes", from the external point of view, and with micro-universes, from the internal point of view. Among the results presented in this extended summary, let us mention the elementary derivation: (i) of confinement and (ii) asymptotic freedom for the hadron constituents; (iii) of the Yukawa behaviour for the strong potential at the static limit; (iv) of the strong coupling "constant", and (v) of mesonic mass spectra. Incidentally, within the present approach, results obtained for hadrons can yield information about the corresponding multi-verses, and viceversa.
description: Latex file; 18 pages (2 eps-figures included)
Wavenumber-space band clipping in nonlinear periodic structures
Creators: name: Jiao, Weijian
name: Gonella, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In weakly nonlinear systems, the main effect of cubic nonlinearity on wave propagation is an amplitude-dependent correction of the dispersion relation. This phenomenon can manifest either as a frequency shift or as a wavenumber shift depending on whether the excitation is prescribed as a initial condition or as a boundary condition, respectively. Several models have been proposed to capture the frequency shifts observed when the system is subjected to harmonic initial excitations. However, these models are not compatible with harmonic boundary excitations, which represent the conditions encountered in most practical applications. To overcome this limitation, we present a multiple scales framework to analytically capture the wavenumber shift experienced by dispersion relation of nonlinear monatomic chains under harmonic boundary excitations. We demonstrate that the wavenumber shifts result in an unusual dispersion correction effect, which we term wavenumber-space band clipping. We then extend the framework to locally-resonant periodic structures to explore the implications of this phenomenon on bandgap tunability. We show that the tuning capability is available if the cubic nonlinearity is deployed in the internal springs supporting the resonators.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
A possible mechanism for QPOs modulation in neutron star sources
Creators: name: Horak, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was pointed out by Paczynski (1987) that the X-ray luminosity of accreting neutron stars is very sensitive to the physical properties of the accretion flow close to the innermost stable circular orbit. The X-ray radiation is dominated by that emitted in the boundary layer, where accreted matter hits a star surface. The X-ray luminosity of the boundary layer is proportional to the local accretion rate. In this note, we estimate local accretion rate variations from the disk that undergoes non-stationary axisymmetric perturbations. The perturbations are given by the poloidal-velocity potential. We obtain a simple formula describing the modulation of the accretion rate for the particular case of global vertical disk oscillations that have been recently studied by Abramowicz et al. (2005).
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Estimation of Amino Acid Residue Substitution Rates at Local Spatial Regions and Application in Protein Function Inference: A Bayesian Monte Carlo Approach
Creators: name: Tseng, Yan Y.
name: Liang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The amino acid sequences of proteins provide rich information for inferring distant phylogenetic relationships and for predicting protein functions. Estimating the rate matrix of residue substitutions from amino acid sequences is also important because the rate matrix can be used to develop scoring matrices for sequence alignment. Here we use a continuous time Markov process to model the substitution rates of residues and develop a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method for rate estimation. We validate our method using simulated artificial protein sequences. Because different local regions such as binding surfaces and the protein interior core experience different selection pressures due to functional or stability constraints, we use our method to estimate the substitution rates of local regions. Our results show that the substitution rates are very different for residues in the buried core and residues on the solvent exposed surfaces. In addition, the rest of the proteins on the binding surfaces also have very different substitution rates from residues. Based on these findings, we further develop a method for protein function prediction by surface matching using scoring matrices derived from estimated substitution rates for residues located on the binding surfaces. We show with examples that our method is effective in identifying functionally related proteins that have overall low sequence identity, a task known to be very challenging.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
title: A Concrete Pavement Without Transverse Joints
title: [Dec. 1952]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This project was last reported in January, 1951, or approximately two years ago. Three previous reports have been made. Report No. 2 was dated December, 1949, and Report No. 1 was made July, 1949. A memorandum report (for file only) covering the two 1951 inspections was made in February of 1952.  This road is a section of U.S. 31W in Simpson County designated as FI 239(4). It runs from Sta. 9-11 at the Tennessee State Line to Sta. 311-40 at the south city limit of Franklin (see layout plot). It consists of a 22-foot concrete pavement underlain by 1-1/2 inches of compacted crushed limestone (size No. 10) for insulation and leveling. The slab is of air-entrained concrete made with the agent intergrounded in the cement. There is a longitudinal joint at the center which is of metal with 1/2-inch deformed tie bars, but there are no transverse joints except for butt-type joints at the end of each run. The pavement was completed June 30, 1949.
title: Τα προσωπικά δεδομένα ως αντάλλαγμα για την προμήθεια ψηφιακού περιεχομένου ή υπηρεσιών (άρθρο 3 § 1 της Οδηγίας 2019/770)
title: Personal data in exchange for digital content or digital services (article 3 § 1 of Directive 2019/770)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Τσέτσα, Όλγα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ψηφιακό περιεχόμενο
subject: Ψηφιακές υπηρεσίες
subject: Προσωπικά δεδομένα
subject: Αντάλλαγμα
subject: Συναλλακτική φύση προσωπικών δεδομένων
subject: Άρθρο 3 § 1 της Οδηγίας (ΕΕ) 2019/770
subject: Ν. 4967/2022

description: Στο πλαίσιο της σύγχρονης ψηφιακής αγοράς και της διευρυμένης χρήσης του διαδικτύου, τα Υποκείμενα παρέχουν όλο και συχνότερα τα προσωπικά τους δεδομένα ως αντάλλαγμα για την προμήθεια ψηφιακού περιεχομένου ή υπηρεσιών. Ο ενωσιακός νομοθέτης, σε μια προσπάθεια προσέγγισης του ζητήματος, υιοθέτησε την Οδηγία (ΕΕ) 2019/770, που ενσωματώθηκε στην ελληνική έννομη τάξη με το Ν. 4967/2022, δυνάμει της οποίας παρέχεται η δυνατότητα χρήσης προσωπικών δεδομένων ως «αντάλλαγμα» στο πλαίσιο συναλλαγών προμήθειας ψηφιακού περιεχομένου ή υπηρεσιών. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της νομικής αναγνώρισης της συναλλακτικής φύσης των προσωπικών δεδομένων από τον ενωσιακό και τον εθνικό νομοθέτη, όσο και η ανάδειξη ζητημάτων γύρω από επιτρεπτό ή μη της εμπορευσιμότητας τους. Για τον λόγο αυτό, στο 1ο Κεφάλαιο θα εξεταστεί γενικότερα το ζήτημα της εμπορευματοποίησης των προσωπικών δεδομένων, ενώ στο 2ο Κεφάλαιο θα εξεταστεί η νομική αναγνώριση της συναλλακτικής τους φύσης. Στο 3ο Κεφάλαιο θα αναλυθούν νομικά ζητήματα, που ανακύπτουν στο πλαίσιο συμβάσεων, όπου η αντιπαροχή του λήπτη της κύριας παροχής, συνίσταται σε παροχή προσωπικών δεδομένων. Τέλος, στο 4ο Κεφάλαιο θα εξεταστούν ζητήματα εννόμου προστασίας των προσωπικών δεδομένων, υπό το πρίσμα του ουσιαστικού και δικονομικού δικαίου και θα επιχειρηθεί συσχετισμός με τον ΓΚΠΔ. Η εργασία συμπεραίνει ότι στόχος του νομοθέτη είναι η προστασία της ιδιωτικότητας των Υποκειμένων των δεδομένων. Ως εκ τούτου, την διατρέχει η σκέψη ότι η αναγνωρισμένη εκ του νόμου συναλλακτική φύση των δεδομένων, δεν πρέπει επ' ουδενί να διαταράσσει την ισόρροπη ανάπτυξη της προσωπικότητας των ατόμων.
KOREAN BEEF IMPORT PREFERENCES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE PATTERNS IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY
Creators: name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
On time-dependent orbital complexity in gravitational N-body simulations
Creators: name: Faber, N. T.
name: Boily, C. M.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement an efficient method to quantify time-dependent orbital complexity in gravitational $N$-body simulations. The technique, which we name DWaTIM, is based on a discrete wavelet transform of velocity orbital time series. The wavelet power-spectrum is used to measure trends in complexity continuously in time. We apply the method to the test cases N=3 Pythagorean- and a perturbed N=5 Caledonian configurations. The method recovers the well-known time-dependent complexity of the dynamics in these small-$N$ problems. We then apply the technique to an equal-mass collisional N=256 body simulation ran through core-collapse. We find that a majority of stars evolve on relatively complex orbits up to the time when the first hard binary forms, whereas after core-collapse, less complex orbits are found on the whole as a result of expanding mass shells.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Κρυπτονομίσματα και κερδοσκοπισμός
Creators: name: Κοκολάκης, Βασίλειος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Κρυπτονομίσματα
subject: Κερδοσκοπία
subject: Επένδυση

description: Τα κρυπτονομίσματα που παλαιότερα δεν ήταν τόσο γνωστά στο ευρύ κοινό, στις μέρες μας είναι γνωστά και μέρος της καθημερινής ασχολίας της πλειοψηφίας του πληθυσμού. Πρόκειται για μια μορφή ηλεκτρονικού χρήματος που χρησιμοποιείται ως μέσο συναλλαγών. Η χρησιμοποίηση κρυπτονομισμάτων περιλαμβάνει πολλά θετικά τα οποία δεν υπόκεινται μόνο σε οικονομικά στοιχεία όπως είναι το μικρότερο κόστος τους σε σχέση με τα κανονικά νομίσματα, αλλά καλύπτουν και άλλα κομμάτια όπως είναι η συνεχής διαφάνεια των συναλλαγών και η ιδιότητά τους να αντιστέκονται στην αύξηση των τιμών. Τα κρυπτονομίσματα δεν εμφανίζονται σε φυσική μορφή καθώς χρησιμοποιούν κρυπτογραφία για την κωδικοποίηση και την απόκρυψη των πληροφοριών με χρήση μοντέλων που σχετίζονται με τα Μαθηματικά και κα επέκταση την στατιστική. Έτσι επιτυγχάνεται η διατήρηση του απορρήτου του κάθε χρήστη καθώς και η εγκυρότητα των συναλλαγών. Αυτή η πολύπλοκη διαδικασία δημιουργίας τους καθιστά δύσκολη την πλαστογράφησή τους.
title: Παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τις επενδυτικές αποφάσεις στη ναυτιλία
title: Factors that affect the investment decisions in shipping
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κοντός, Μάριος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Επενδυτικές αποφάσεις
subject: Ναυτιλία
subject: Asset play
subject: Αγοροπωλησίες πλοίων

description: Το παγκόσμιο εμπόριο εξαρτάται άμεσα από τις θαλάσσιες υπηρεσίες μεταφορών καθώς μόνον δια θαλάσσης είναι εφικτό να πραγματοποιηθούν μεταφορές φορτίων σε κλίμακα που να ικανοποιούνται οι ανάγκες των χωρών παγκοσμίως. Βασικός σκοπός της μελέτης που ακολουθεί είναι η κατανόηση των στρατηγικών αποφάσεων που καλείται να πάρει ο επιχειρηματίας που δραστηριοποιείται στον κλάδο των θαλάσσιων μεταφορών, ορθότερα καλούμενος και ως πλοιοκτήτης ή εφοπλιστής, ανάλογα με την τάση του ναυτιλιακού οικονομικού κύκλου. Η μελέτη διαρθρώνεται σε δύο σκέλη, το πρώτο σκέλος αποτελείται από δύο κεφάλαια στα οποία παραθέτετε η θεωρητική ανασκόπηση, όπου πραγματοποιείτε εκτενείς αναφορά στις τέσσερεις ναυτιλιακές αγορές και στα επιμέρους χαρακτηριστικά τους και στον ναυτιλιακό κύκλο, τα χαρακτηριστικά του καθώς επίσης και την ιστορικότητα του. Το δεύτερο σκέλος, αποτελείται από δύο κεφάλαια και τα συμπεράσματα, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο του δευτέρου σκέλους ακολουθεί η μελέτη τριών περιπτώσεων ναυτιλιακών εταιρειών και των βασικών στρατηγικών επιλογών που ακολούθησαν ανά τα χρόνια κατά τη διάρκεια της πολυετής παρουσίας του στον χώρο. Ενώ στο δεύτερο ακολουθεί μελέτη της αγοράς για την τελευταία πενταετία βάση στατιστικής ανάλυσης με σκοπό την κατανόηση της επίδρασης των διακυμάνσεων του ναυτιλιακού κύκλου στις αγορές των μεταχειρισμένων και των νεότευκτων πλοίων. Τέλος τα συμπεράσματα που απορρέουν από τη συγκεκριμένη μελέτη βοηθούν στη κατανόηση των παραγόντων που ωθούν ένα πλοιοκτήτη να πάρει επενδυτικές αποφάσεις με στόχο την αύξηση της κερδοφορίας του βάση της πορείας του ναυτιλιακού κύκλου.
PRIORITIZATION OF THE SANITARY ISSUES LIMITING EXPORTS OF US LIVE ANIMALS AND GERMPLASM
Creators: name: Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg
name: Forde, K.N.
name: Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg
name: Forde, K.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
CH 3 GHz Observations of Molecular Clouds Along the Galactic Plane
Creators: name: Magnani, L.
name: Lugo, S.
name: Dame, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectra in the CH $^2Π_{1/2}$, J=1/2, F=1-1 transition at 3335 MHz were obtained in three 5-point crosses centered on the Galactic plane at $\ell =$ 50$\arcdeg$, 100$\arcdeg$, and 110$\arcdeg$. The lines of sight traverse both Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) and local, smaller entities. This transition is a good tracer of low-density molecular gas and the line profiles are very similar to CO(1-0) data at nearly the same resolution. In addition, the CH 3335 MHz line can be used to calibrate the CO-H$_2$ conversion factor (X$_{\rm CO}$) in low-density molecular gas. Although this technique underestimates X$_{\rm CO}$ in GMCs, our results are within a factor of two of X$_{\rm CO}$ values calibrated for GMCs by other techniques. The similarity of CH and CO line profiles, and that of X$_{\rm CO}$ values derived from CH and more traditional techniques, implies that most of the molecular gas along the observed lines of sight is at relatively low densities ($n \le$ 10$^3$ cm$^{-3}$).
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, submitted to the AJ, revised after referee report
The origin and conception of value
Creators: name: Gertsoyg, Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The goal of this project is to attempt a logical unfolding of one basic idea -that value emerges out of the chaos of energy through natural selection. The goal of the first chapter is to attempt to determine the origin of value. The goal of the second chapter is to attempt to determine the origin of the conception of value. A s a first approximation, it can be said that the first chapter seeks for an objective and the second for a subjective account of the origin of value. There is a paradox in this description, however. The objective gives rise to the subjective, but the subjective then constructs the objective. Objects give rise to subjects, but subjects then construct their objects, and different subjects may construct the world into different objects. This thesis shall attempt to resolve this paradox by describing the course of the emergence of value from the objective into the subjective and then back into the objective, without falling into the vicious circle that results from seeing the world as a juxtaposition of the objective and the subjective. As I hope to show, in the course of the first two chapters, and the ones to follow, the objective and the subjective are idealizations. They are two asymptotes which knowledge approaches but cannot touch. Knowledge ranges between objectivity and subjectivity, without attaining either. Knowledge is knowledge of something and is to that extent objective. Knowledge is knowledge by someone and is to that extent subjective. Because knowledge has an element of subjectivity, it cannot be purely objective. And because knowledge has an element of objectivity, it cannot be purely subjective. The resolution of the juxtaposition between the objective and the subjective, will allow us to describe the emergence of value out of the objective into the subjective and back in terms that do not presuppose either. Subjects arise out of reality that is undivided, and only then divide it into objects in accordance with their constitution, provided to them by undivided reality.
Proper Motions as an Underutilized Tool for Estimating Distances and Ages for Nearby, Young Stars
Creators: name: Mamajek, Eric E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent availability of accurate proper motion catalogs for millions of stars on the sky (e.g. Tycho-2, UCAC) can benefit projects for which age estimates are needed for stars that are plausibly young (<100 Myr-old) and within a few hundred pc of the Sun. Here I summarize how accurate proper motions have been useful in (1) identifying new, nearby, post-T Tauri star populations, and (2) estimating distances to young field stars which are lacking trigonometric parallax measurements. The later enables the calculation of stellar luminosities and isochronal ages -- two quantities critical for investigations of the evolution of star/planet/disk systems.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, ASP Conf. Series "Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes", eds. P.K. Seidelmann & A.K.B. Monet
Inquiring electromagnetic quantum fluctuations about the orientability of space
Creators: name: Lemos, N. A.
name: Reboucas, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orientability is an important topological property of spacetime manifolds. It is generally assumed that a test for spatial orientability requires a journey across the whole 3-space to check for orientation-reversing paths. Since such a global expedition is not feasible, theoretical arguments that combine universality of physical experiments with local arrow of time, CP violation and CPT invariance are offered to support the choosing of time- and space-orientable spacetime manifolds. We show that it is possible to access spatial orientability of Minkowski spacetime through local physical effects involving quantum electromagnetic fluctuations. To this end, we study the motions of a charged particle and an electric dipole under these fluctuations in Minkowski spacetime with orientable and non-orientable spatial topologies. We derive expressions for an orientability indicator for both point-like particles in two spatially flat topologies. For the particle, we show that it is possible to distinguish the orientable from the non-orientable topology by contrasting the evolution of the indicators. This shows that it is possible to access orientability through electromagnetic quantum fluctuations.The answer to the question on how to locally probe the orientability of Minkowski 3-space intrinsically arises in the study of the dipole's motions. We find that a characteristic inversion pattern exhibited by the dipole indicator curves is a signature of non-orientability. This result makes it clear that it is possible to locally unveil spatial non-orientability by the inversion pattern of orientability indicator curves of an electric dipole under electromagnetic fluctuations. Our findings open the way to a conceivable experiment involving quantum electromagnetic fluctuations to locally probe the spatial orientability on the microscopic scale of Minkowski spacetime.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; V2: Negative values for the velocity dispersion is solved. Clarification of orientability indicator is added. New references are included. Misprints corrected; V3: Discussion on local and global definition of spinor fields in connection with non-orientability is added, new references included, version published in Eur.Phys.J.C (2021)
Energy functionals and canonical Kahler metrics
Creators: name: Song, Jian
name: Weinkove, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q20

description: Yau conjectured that a Fano manifold admits a Kahler-Einstein metric if and only if it is stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory. There has been much progress on this conjecture by Tian, Donaldson and others. The Mabuchi energy functional plays a central role in these ideas. We study the E_k functionals introduced by X.X. Chen and G. Tian which generalize the Mabuchi energy. We show that if a Fano manifold admits a Kahler-Einstein metric then the functional E_1 is bounded from below, and, modulo holomorphic vector fields, is proper. This answers affirmatively a question raised by Chen. We show in fact that E_1 is proper if and only if there exists a Kahler-Einstein metric, giving a new analytic criterion for the existence of this canonical metric, with possible implications for the study of stability. We also show that on a Fano Kahler-Einstein manifold all of the functionals E_k are bounded below on the space of metrics with nonnegative Ricci curvature.
description: 23 pages. Published version
TRADE IMPACTS OF VOLUNTARY QUALITY STANDARDS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Bredahl, Maury E.
name: Normile, Mary Anne
name: Bredahl, Maury E.
name: Normile, Mary Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
Classification of bi-Hamiltonian pairs extended by isometries
Creators: name: Pavlov, Maxim V.
name: Vergallo, Pierandrea
name: Vitolo, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this article is to classify pairs of first-order Hamiltonian operators of Dubrovin-Novikov type such that one of them has a non-local part defined by an isometry of its leading coefficient. An example of such bi-Hamiltonian pair was recently found for the constant astigmatism equation. We obtain a classification in the case of 2 dependent variables, and a significant new example that is an extension of a hydrodynamic type system obtained from a particular solution of the WDVV equations.
Proposed Special Specification for Reflectorizing Glass Spheres
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In response to your request for a specification that will apply to glass beads for reflectorizing surfaces of signs, paints, and other night driving aids, we recommend the attached material which is drawn up in the form of a proposed specification. In general, the procedures. and ranges of performance characteristics conform with things that have been discussed by the A.S.T.M. Subcommittee on Traffic Paints. Actually, A.S.T.M. has not adopted a specification, but probably they will have one within the next year or two.  You will note the refractive index and size distribution or gradation are referred to in the specification, but the actual requirements are left open and subject to information contained in each invitation for bids. This provides a leeway within which you can obtain beads best suited for the use which you have planned.  In general, we would expect prices to increase as the refractive index increases, but also the reflective qualities of the beads become greater. The difference between a bead with a refractive index of 1.5 (which is equivalent to ordinary glass) and a refractive index of 1.75 is so great that the effectiveness of the sign would be increased tremendously through the use of beads with the higher refractive index rather than beads of ordinary glass. You can be certain that prospective vendors are in a position to know the refractive indices of their beads, and they will not hesitate to bid with a requirement of this sort in the invitation. Incidentally, the test that we think should be used is included in the specification and it is not difficult to perform.  In his memorandum which is attached, Mr. Havens has outlined some of the considerations that you will want to give to refractive index and to size distribution. He will be glad to discuss this further if you wish, and after you have some beads of different characteristics on hand he would welcome the opportunity of making observations in different places where they are applied in order to give you some specific data on the effects of changes in refractive indices and bead sizes.
Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on the International Food Supply Chain and Countermeasures of Shandong Province
Creators: name: YUAN Fangyao
name: YANG  Ping
name: XU Feng
name: HAN Tongkai
name: YUAN Fangyao
name: YANG  Ping
name: XU Feng
name: HAN Tongkai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: COVID-19 epidemic, Food supply chain, Food price, Food security

description: The current COVID-19 epidemic has exerted an impact on the global food supply chain, and also has contributed to the tendency of food hoarding and short supply; strong food demand has led to a rapid rise in international food prices, which has put enormous pressure on China’s food import, and domestic food price showed a rise trend accordingly. In order to ensure sufficient and stable supply of China's food market, it is necessary to adhere to the food security strategy of "food self-sufficiency" for a long term. In the spring agricultural production, Shandong Province has taken effective measures to stabilize food production and achieved good results. It has not been greatly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic; however, under the continuous spread of foreign epidemics, we must adhere to the dual hard core operation of epidemic prevention and production, and explore the establishment of technical specifications for agricultural production under normal conditions for epidemic prevention and control to ensure the food security.
Corrosion of Highway Structures by Acid-Bearing Drainage Water in Hopkins County
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Pursuant to your conversation with Mr. Hopgood concerning the above matter, Mr. Peed and I contacted Mr. Charlie Rogers, Resident Engineer, Madisonville, and made an inspection of the locations in question. In specific connection with this, you will recall from our Progress Report No. 1 on "A Survey of Acidity in Drainage Waters and the Condition of Highway Drainage Installations" that the acid conditions in Hopkins County were rated as extremely severe, if not the most critical in the state. It was, in part, due to the prevailing severity there that led to the selection of a location at Mortons Gap for our test installation (See page 37 of the report).
TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS AND THE WTO MILLENIUM ROUND: PROJECTIONS TO 2005 AND PROBLEMS WITH TRQ'S
Creators: name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Rae, Allan N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
Dehn filling in relatively hyperbolic groups
Creators: name: Groves, Daniel
name: Manning, Jason Fox
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a number of new tools for the study of relatively hyperbolic groups. First, given a relatively hyperbolic group G, we construct a nice combinatorial Gromov hyperbolic model space acted on properly by G, which reflects the relative hyperbolicity of G in many natural ways. Second, we construct two useful bicombings on this space. The first of these, "preferred paths", is combinatorial in nature and allows us to define the second, a relatively hyperbolic version of a construction of Mineyev. As an application, we prove a group-theoretic analog of the Gromov-Thurston 2πTheorem in the context of relatively hyperbolic groups.
description: 83 pages. v2: An improved version of preferred paths is given, in which preferred triangles no longer need feet. v3: Fixed several small errors pointed out by the referee, and repaired several broken figures. v4: corrected definition 2.38. This is very close to the published version