cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Josephson current and Andreev states in superconductor-half metal-superconductor heterostructures
Creators: name: Galaktionov, Artem V.
name: Kalenkov, Mikhail S.
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a detailed microscopic theory describing dc Josephson effect and Andreev bound states in superconducting junctions with a half-metal. In such systems the supercurrent is caused by triplet pairing states emerging due to spin-flip scattering at the interfaces between superconducting electrodes and the half-metal. For sufficiently clean metals we provide a detailed non-perturbative description of the Josephson current at arbitrary transmissions and spin-flip scattering parameters for both interfaces. Our analysis demonstrates that the behavior of both the Josephson current and Andreev bound states crucially depends on the strength of spin-flip scattering showing a rich variety of features which can be tested in future experiments.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; version published in Phys. Rev. B
Numerical relativity in spherical coordinates with the Einstein Toolkit
Creators: name: Mewes, Vassilios
name: Zlochower, Yosef
name: Campanelli, Manuela
name: Ruchlin, Ian
name: Etienne, Zachariah B.
name: Baumgarte, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical relativity codes that do not make assumptions on spatial symmetries most commonly adopt Cartesian coordinates. While these coordinates have many attractive features, spherical coordinates are much better suited to take advantage of approximate symmetries in a number of astrophysical objects, including single stars, black holes and accretion disks. While the appearance of coordinate singularities often spoils numerical relativity simulations in spherical coordinates, especially in the absence of any symmetry assumptions, it has recently been demonstrated that these problems can be avoided if the coordinate singularities are handled analytically. This is possible with the help of a reference-metric version of the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura formulation together with a proper rescaling of tensorial quantities. In this paper we report on an implementation of this formalism in the Einstein Toolkit. We adapt the Einstein Toolkit infrastructure, originally designed for Cartesian coordinates, to handle spherical coordinates, by providing appropriate boundary conditions at both inner and outer boundaries. We perform numerical simulations for a disturbed Kerr black hole, extract the gravitational wave signal, and demonstrate that the noise in these signals is orders of magnitude smaller when computed on spherical grids rather than Cartesian grids. With the public release of our new Einstein Toolkit thorns, our methods for numerical relativity in spherical coordinates will become available to the entire numerical relativity community.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, published in Phys. Rev. D
Anyons on Higher Genus Surfaces - a Constructive Approach
Creators: name: Hansson, T. H.
name: Karlhede, Anders
name: Westerberg, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the problem of anyons on higher genus surfaces by embedding them in three dimensional space. From a concrete realization based on three dimensional flux tubes bound to charges moving on the surface, we explicitly derive all the representations of the spinning braid group. The component structure of the wave functions arises from winding the flux tubes around the handles. We also argue that the anyons in our construction must fulfil the generalized spin-statistics relation.
description: 8 pages, LaTex, 2 figures available on request (wes@vana.physto.se), USITP-93-11
Additional file 1: of Towards an holistic approach to energy access in humanitarian settings: the SET4food project from technology transfer to knowledge sharing
Creators: name: Barbieri, Jacopo
name: Leonforte, Fabrizio
name: Colombo, Emanuela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Summary table of all the implemented solutions. (DOCX 20 kb)
Eine Analyse der bei Hattie zitierten Klassenfrequenzstudien
Creators: name: Hagemeister, Dr. Volker
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2019

description: Hatties Aussage (2015, S. 102), dass „die bloße Reduzierung der Anzahl der Lernenden, ... wenig zu ändern (scheint) — weder beim Lehren noch bei den Outcomes“ ist das Resultat einer einseitigen Auslegung empirischer Studien: Hattie reduziert die Ergebnisse der Studien jeweils auf einen einzige Zahl. Deshalb wird in „Lernen sichtbar machen“ nicht vermittelt, dass in repräsentativ zusammengesetzten kleinen Klassen Kinder aus bildungsfernen Elternhäusern signifikant besser als in großen Klassen gefördert werden, ohne dass dabei die Kinder aus bildungsnahen Elternhäuser vernachlässigt wurden.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution
Mathematikunterrichtsbezogene Überzeugungen mithilfe der Q-Methode typisieren
Creators: name: Jaschke, Tobias
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2019

description: Unter Verwendung des Q-Sort-Verfahrens wird im vorliegenden Beitrag die Frage untersucht, ob sich unter Mathematikstudierenden Personentypen mit kollektiv geteilten Überzeugungsmustern im Hinblick auf Mathematik und Mathematikunterricht identifizieren lassen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich ein eher konstruktivistisch orientierter und ein eher gemischt-orientierter Typ unterscheiden lassen.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution
Wie unterstützen Lehrende den Trainingstransfer in Führungstrainings? Eine qualitative Interviewstudie
Creators: name: Barth, Dorothee
name: Hochholdinger, Sabine
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2019

description: Wenig ist bekannt über das Vorgehen von Weiterbildenden bezüglich des Teilnehmertransfers. 15 leitfadengestützte Interviews wurden mit Führungskräftetrainer/innen durchgeführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis verfügen die Befragten über ein breites, größtenteils mit der Forschungslage korrespondierendes Handlungsrepertoire und Wissen: Transfer wird als kontinuierlich verstanden und entsprechend gestützt, spezifische Lehrendenmerkmale werden als transferwirksam benannt. Zusätzlich beinhalten die Daten neue, plausibel erscheinende Transferaktivitäten. How do HRD professionals support transfer of training? An exploratory interview study 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with trainers of leadership development trainings. The data was coded using content analysis. Overall a broad set of transfer strategies was mentioned which is highly commensurate with the literature: The majority tries to support training transfer at all time periods and sees themselves as relevant regarding transfer. Furthermore plausible activities related to transfer emerged from the data.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution
Additional file 1: of Age and sex differences in emergency department visits of nursing home residents: a systematic review
Creators: name: Brucksch, Annika
name: Hoffmann, Falk
name: Allers, Katharina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Search strategy. (DOCX 15 kb)
Electromagnetic response of quantum Hall systems in dimensions five and six and beyond
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Wang, Yuzhu
name: Chen, Youjian
name: Zhang, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Hall (QH) states are arguably the most ubiquitous examples of nontrivial topological order, requiring no special symmetry and elegantly characterized by the first Chern number. Their higher dimension generalizations are particularly interesting from both mathematical and phenomenological perspectives, and have attracted recent attention due to a few high profile experimental realizations. In this work, we derive from first principles the electromagnetic response of QH systems in arbitrary number of dimensions, and elaborate on the crucial roles played by their modified phase space density of states under the simultaneous presence of magnetic field and Berry curvature. We provide new mathematical results relating this phase space modification to the non-commutativity of phase space, and show how they are manifested as a Hall conductivity quantized by a higher Chern number. When a Fermi surface is present, additional response currents unrelated to these Chern numbers also appear. This unconventional response can be directly investigated through a few minimal models with specially chosen fluxes. These models, together with more generic 6D QH systems, can be realized in realistic 3D experimental setups like cold atom systems through possibly entangled synthetic dimensions.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Models of Galaxies with Central Black Holes: Simulation Methods
Creators: name: Sigurdsson, Steinn
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Quinlan, Gerald D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for simulating numerically the effect of the adiabatic growth of black holes on the structure of elliptical galaxies. Using a parallel self--consistent field code, we add black holes to N--body realizations of model distribution functions for spherical galaxies, using a continuous mass--spectrum. The variable particle mass, combined with a simple multiple timestep integration scheme, makes it possible to evolve the models for many dynamical times with $N \sim 10^6-10^8$, allowing high spatial and mass resolution. This paper discusses verification of the code using analytic models for spherical galaxies, comparing our numerical results of the effect of central black holes on the structure of the galaxies with previously published models. The intrinsic and projected properties of the final particle distribution, including higher order moments of the velocity distribution, permit comparison with observed characteristics of real galaxies, and constrain the masses of any central black holes present in those galaxies. Our technique is promising and is easily extended to axisymmetric and triaxial galaxies.
description: 17 pages (incl. 11 figure) uuencoded postscript, Lick Preprint Series No. 35
Belastung und Beanspruchung im Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf: Übersicht zu Theorien, Variablen und Ergebnissen in einem integrativen Rahmenmodell
Creators: name: Cramer, Colin
name: Friedrich, Alena
name: Merk, Samuel
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2019

description: Im Lehramt wird hohe psychische Beanspruchung festgestellt, die Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien ist. Der Diskurs zeichnet sich durch vielfältige Theorien und Modelle sowie eine begriffliche Unschärfe aus. Im Beitrag werden daher existierende Theorien und Modelle zur Begründung eines integrativen Rahmenmodells zur Belastung und Beanspruchung im Lehrerberuf herangezogen. In dessen Rahmen können vorliegende Forschungsbefunde geordnet diskutiert und das Rahmenmodell so zugleich validiert werden. Dabei werden Belastungen, Ressourcen und Folgen von Beanspruchung sowie jeweils personale und berufliche Ausprägungen unterschieden. Es wird integriert, was in den einzelnen Theorien, Modellen und Studien mit jeweils spezifischem Fokus bearbeitet wird. Die strukturierte Übersicht trägt zu einer begrifflichen und konzeptuellen Schärfung des Feldes bei. So wird der wechselseitige Bezug bestehender Studien aufeinander vereinfacht und ein heuristischer Ausgangspunkt zur Rahmung weiterführender Forschung gegeben.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution
TotalSegmentator MRI: Robust Sequence-independent Segmentation of Multiple Anatomic Structures in MRI
Creators: name: D'Antonoli, Tugba Akinci
name: Berger, Lucas K.
name: Indrakanti, Ashraya K.
name: Vishwanathan, Nathan
name: Weiß, Jakob
name: Jung, Matthias
name: Berkarda, Zeynep
name: Rau, Alexander
name: Reisert, Marco
name: Küstner, Thomas
name: Walter, Alexandra
name: Merkle, Elmar M.
name: Boll, Daniel
name: Breit, Hanns-Christian
name: Nicoli, Andrew Phillip
name: Segeroth, Martin
name: Cyriac, Joshy
name: Yang, Shan
name: Wasserthal, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the introduction of TotalSegmentator CT, there is demand for a similar robust automated MRI segmentation tool that can be applied across all MRI sequences and anatomic structures. In this retrospective study, a nnU-Net model (TotalSegmentator) was trained on MRI and CT examinations to segment 80 anatomic structures relevant for use cases such as organ volumetry, disease characterization, surgical planning and opportunistic screening. Examinations were randomly sampled from routine clinical studies to represent real-world examples. Dice scores were calculated between the predicted segmentations and expert radiologist reference standard segmentations to evaluate model performance on an internal test set, two external test sets and against two publicly available models, and TotalSegmentator CT. The model was applied to an internal dataset containing abdominal MRIs to investigate age-dependent volume changes. A total of 1143 examinations (616 MRIs, 527 CTs) (median age 61 years, IQR 50-72) were split into training (n=1088, CT and MRI) and an internal test set (n=55; only MRI), two external test sets (AMOS, n=20; CHAOS, n=20; only MRI), and an internal aging-study dataset of 8672 abdominal MRIs (median age 59 years, IQR 45-70) were included. The model showed a Dice Score of 0.839 on the internal test set and outperformed two other models (Dice Score, 0.862 versus 0.759; and 0.838 versus 0.560; p<.001 for both). The proposed open-source, easy-to-use model allows for automatic, robust segmentation of 80 structures, extending the capabilities of TotalSegmentator to MRIs of any sequence. The ready-to-use online tool is available at https://totalsegmentator.com, the model at https://github.com/wasserth/TotalSegmentator, and the dataset at https://zenodo.org/records/14710732.
description: Published in Radiology
Influence of an Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis on Perceptions of Guilt and Accountability of a Sexual Offender
Creators: name: Iwanicki, Aubrey
Publisher: name: Midwestern University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Clinical Psychology

description:     Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common and well-studied neurodevelopmental disorders. Over the years, ever-increasing prevalence rates have been recorded, increasing from 1 in 150 children in 2000 to 1 in 36 children in 2020 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023). These increasing prevalence rates may have implications in how others perceive individuals with ASD.

     To date, there is limited research on individuals with ASD in the criminal justice system, with the available research consisting primarily of small sample sizes, including case studies, limiting the generalizability. Of particular interest are offenders with ASD who have been alleged to have committed a sexual offense and the perceptions others hold regarding their guilt and accountability relative to their diagnosis. 

  The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis on the perceptions of guilt and accountability of a sexual offender utilizing a vignette research design. A significant relationship between the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and perceptions of an offender’s guilt and accountability was hypothesized. 

   There was no significant difference found between diagnostic labels (e.g., ASD, major depressive disorder (MDD), no diagnostic label) and perceptions of guilt and accountability. However, more positive views of sexual offenders were found to be held toward the individuals in the ASD and MDD diagnostic labels, compared to no diagnostic label, suggesting an influence of diagnostic label on views of sexual offenders.
Institutionsübergreifende Bildungsarrangements und ihre Wirkung auf den Sprachentwicklungsstand von Kindern
Creators: name: Kipp, Kerstin H.
name: Streb, Judith
name: Arndt, Petra A.
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2019

description: Zusammenfassung Unklar ist, ob jüngere Kinder vom regelmäßigen Austausch mit älteren Kindern hinsichtlich ihrer Sprachentwicklung profitieren. Hierfür wurden Kinder getestet, die im Rahmen des Modellprojekts „Bildungshaus 3–10“ (Land Baden-Württemberg) an regelmäßigen altersübergreifenden Aktivitäten teilnahmen. Positive Effekte fanden sich hinsichtlich grammatischer Fertigkeiten. Bessere Sprachfertigkeiten hingen zudem zusammen mit dem freien Zugang zu Büchern und Sprachspielen und mit sprachspezifischen Qualitätsmerkmalen im Kindergarten. Abstract It is unclear whether younger children can profit from interactions with older peers regarding language development. This was examined within the project „Bildungshaus 3 – 10“ (Baden-Württemberg) where children participated in regular mixed-age activities. Positive effects were found for grammar skills. Additionally, better language competence was related to access to books and language games and to language-specific indications of kindergarten quality.
description: bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution
On $f$-Divergences: Integral Representations, Local Behavior, and Inequalities
Creators: name: Sason, Igal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is focused on $f$-divergences, consisting of three main contributions. The first one introduces integral representations of a general $f$-divergence by means of the relative information spectrum. The second part provides a new approach for the derivation of $f$-divergence inequalities, and it exemplifies their utility in the setup of Bayesian binary hypothesis testing. The last part of this paper further studies the local behavior of $f$-divergences.
description: Final edits before publication. To appear in the Entropy journal, special issue on Entropy and Information Inequalities, May 2018
Discrete and Continuum Virasoro Constraints in Two-Cut Hermitian Matrix Models
Creators: name: Ogura, Waichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum Virasoro constraints in the two-cut hermitian matrix models are derived from the discrete Ward identities by means of the mapping from the $GL(\infty )$ Toda hierarchy to the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) hierarchy. The invariance of the string equation under the NLS flows is worked out. Also the quantization of the integration constant $α$ reported by Hollowood et al. is explained by the analyticity of the continuum limit.
description: 25 pages
AGN feedback from Jet-ISM/IGM interactions
Creators: name: Antonuccio-Delogu, V.
name: Silk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of relativistic jets originating from AGNs within the Interstellar/Intergalactic Medium of their host galaxies, and use it to build a model for the suppression of stellar formation within the expanding cocoon.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures. Poster presented at IAU Symp. no. 245 ("Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Bulges"), Oxford, July 16-20, 2007
Charmless Hadronic B Decays at BABAR
Creators: name: Mohanty, Gagan B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent measurements of branching fractions and charge asymmetries of charmless hadronic B decays using the data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e+e- collider.
description: 7 pages, 4 postscript figures, 3 tables, contributed to the Proceedings of XII International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON07), Frascati, Italy
RETURN to an Address of the Legislative Assembly, praying for a Return of leases have not been signed and shewing in detail date of application, name survey, amount due and unpaid thereon for survey fee, rent, and road tax, and Pastoral Leases issued, and Pastoral Leases applied for and surveyed, but for which of applicant or lessee, date of lease, term, rental per acre, name of surveyor, date of the Electoral District in which the land is situate.
Creators: name: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
Publisher: name: Victoria, BC : Government Printer
Year: 2016

Abstract
Hot carrier dynamics in plasmonic transition metal nitrides
Creators: name: Habib, Adela
name: Florio, Fred
name: Sundararaman, Ravishankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extraction of non-equilibrium hot carriers generated by plasmon decay in metallic nanostructures is an increasingly exciting prospect for utilizing plasmonic losses, but the search for optimum plasmonic materials with long-lived carriers is ongoing. Transition metal nitrides are an exciting class of new plasmonic materials with superior thermal and mechanical properties compared to conventional noble metals, but their suitability for plasmonic hot carrier applications remains unknown. Here, we present fully first-principles calculations of the plasmonic response, hot carrier generation and subsequent thermalization of all group IV, V and VI transition metal nitrides, fully accounting for direct and phonon-assisted transitions as well as electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering. We find the largest frequency ranges for plasmonic response in ZrN, HfN and WN, between those of gold and silver, while we predict strongest absorption in the visible spectrum for the VN, NbN and TaN. Hot carrier generation is dominated by direct transitions for most of the relevant energy range in all these nitrides, while phonon-assisted processes dominate only below 1 eV plasmon energies primarily for the group IV nitrides. Finally, we predict the maximum hot carrier lifetimes to be around 10 fs for group IV and VI nitrides, a factor of 3 - 4 smaller than noble metals, due to strong electron-phonon scattering. However, we find longer carrier lifetimes for group V nitrides, comparable to silver for NbN and TaN, while exceeding 100 fs (twice that of silver) for VN, making them promising candidates for efficient hot carrier extraction.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Supplemental information in source archive (SI.pdf)
Additional file 5: of Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel pathogenic mutations and putative phenotype-influencing variants in Polish limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients
Creators: name: Fichna, Jakub
name: Macias, Anna
name: Piechota, Marcin
name: MichaĹ KorostyĹSki
name: Potulska-Chromik, Anna
name: Redowicz, Maria
name: Zekanowski, Cezary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Selected genes with reported skeletal muscle expression which could contribute to LGMD. (DOCX 16 kb)
Particle acceleration in explosive relativistic reconnection events and Crab Nebula gamma-ray flares
Creators: name: Lyutikov, Maxim
name: Komissarov, Serguei
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Porth, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in highly-magnetized relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab nebula and review the theory of pulsar winds and termination shocks. We also review the principle points of particle acceleration in explosive reconnection events (Lyutikov et al. 2017a,b). It is required that particles producing flares are accelerated in highly magnetized regions of the nebula. Flares originate from the poleward regions at the base of Crab's polar outflow, where both the magnetization and the magnetic field strength are sufficiently high. The post-termination shock flow develops macroscopic (not related to the plasma properties on the skin-depth scale) kink-type instabilities. The resulting large-scales magnetic stresses drive explosive reconnection events on the light-crossing time of the reconnection region. Flares are produced at the initial stage of the current sheet development, during the X-point collapse. The model has all the ingredients needed for Crab flares: natural formation of highly magnetized regions, explosive dynamics on light travel time, development of high electric fields on macroscopic scales and acceleration of particles to energies well exceeding the average magnetic energy per particle.
description: 24 pages. Invited contribution, Plasma Physics of gamma ray emission from pulsars and their nebulae, Journal of Plasma Physics
Adaptive Activation Steering: A Tuning-Free LLM Truthfulness Improvement Method for Diverse Hallucinations Categories
Creators: name: Wang, Tianlong
name: Jiao, Xianfeng
name: Zhu, Yinghao
name: Chen, Zhongzhi
name: He, Yifan
name: Chu, Xu
name: Gao, Junyi
name: Wang, Yasha
name: Ma, Liantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies have indicated that Large Language Models (LLMs) harbor an inherent understanding of truthfulness, yet often fail to consistently express it and generate false statements. This gap between "knowing" and "telling" poses a challenge for ensuring the truthfulness of generated content. Inspired by recent work on the practice of encoding human-interpretable concepts linearly within large language models, we treat truthfulness as a specially linearly encoded concept within LLMs, and introduce Adaptive Activation Steering (ACT), a tuning-free method that adaptively shifts LLM's activations in the "truthful" direction during inference. ACT addresses diverse categories of hallucinations by utilizing diverse truthfulness-related steering vectors and adjusting the steering intensity adaptively. Applied as an add-on across various models, ACT significantly improves truthfulness in LLaMA ($\uparrow$ 142%), LLaMA2 ($\uparrow$ 24%), Alpaca ($\uparrow$ 36%), Vicuna ($\uparrow$ 28%), LLaMA2-Chat ($\uparrow$ 19%), and LLaMA3($\uparrow$ 34%). Furthermore, we verify ACT's scalability across larger models (13B, 33B, 65B), underscoring the adaptability of ACT to large-scale language models. Our code is available at https://github.com/tianlwang/ACT.
description: ACM TheWebConf 2025 Conference (WWW 2025) Research Track
Structural Properties of Two-Dimensional Polymers
Creators: name: Muenkel, Christian
name: Heermann, Dieter W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present structural properties of two-dimensional polymers as far as they can be described by percolation theory. The percolation threshold, critical exponents and fractal dimensions of clusters are determined by computer simulation and compared to the results of percolation theory. We also describe the dependence of the typical cluster structures on the reaction rate.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX with RevTeX and epsf styles and PostScript figures included (uuencoded shell archive), TVP-930512
The Coupling of Yang-Mills to Extended Objects
Creators: name: Dixon, J. A.
name: Duff, M. J.
name: Sezgin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling of Yang-Mills fields to the heterotic string in bosonic formulation is generalized to extended objects of higher dimension (p-branes). For odd p, the Bianchi identities obeyed by the field strengths of the (p+1)-forms receive Chern-Simons corrections which, in the case of the 5-brane, are consistent with an earlier conjecture based on string/5-brane duality.
description: 14 Pages
Is natural higgsino-only dark matter excluded?
Creators: name: Baer, Howard
name: Barger, Vernon
name: Sengupta, Dibyashree
name: Tata, Xerxes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The requirement of electroweak naturalness in supersymmetric (SUSY) models of particle physics necessitates light higgsinos not too far from the weak scale characterized by m(weak)~ m(W,Z,h)~100 GeV. On the other hand, LHC Higgs mass measurements and sparticle mass limits point to a SUSY breaking scale in the multi-TeV regime. Under such conditions, the lightest SUSY particle is expected to be a mainly higgsino-like neutralino with non-negligible gaugino components (required by naturalness). The computed thermal WIMP abundance in natural SUSY models is then found to be typically a factor 5-20 below its measured value. To gain concordance with observations, either an additional DM particle (the axion is a well-motivated possibility) must be present or additional non-thermal mechanisms must augment the neutralino abundance. We compare present direct and indirect WIMP detection limits to three natural SUSY models based on gravity-, anomaly- and mirage-mediation. We show that the case of natural higgsino-only dark matter where non-thermal production mechanisms augment its relic density, is essentially excluded by a combination of direct detection constraints from PandaX-II, LUX and Xenon-1t experiments, and by bounds from Fermi-LAT/MAGIC observations of gamma rays from dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
description: 16 pages with 6 .png figures; some added references for version 2
Programmable interference between two microwave quantum memories
Creators: name: Gao, Yvonne Y.
name: Lester, B. J.
name: Zhang, Yaxing
name: Wang, C.
name: Rosenblum, S.
name: Frunzio, L.
name: Jiang, Liang
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Schoelkopf, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interference experiments provide a simple yet powerful tool to unravel fundamental features of quantum physics. Here we engineer an RF-driven, time-dependent bilinear coupling that can be tuned to implement a robust 50:50 beamsplitter between stationary states stored in two superconducting cavities in a three-dimensional architecture. With this, we realize high contrast Hong-Ou- Mandel (HOM) interference between two spectrally-detuned stationary modes. We demonstrate that this coupling provides an efficient method for measuring the quantum state overlap between arbitrary states of the two cavities. Finally, we showcase concatenated beamsplitters and differential phase shifters to implement cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which can control the signature of the two-photon interference on-demand. Our results pave the way toward implementation of scalable boson sampling, the application of linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) protocols in the microwave domain, and quantum algorithms between long-lived bosonic memories.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Testing the Accuracy of Redshift Space Group Finding Algorithms
Creators: name: Frederic, James J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using simulated redshift surveys generated from a high resolution N-body cosmological structure simulation, we study algorithms used to identify groups of galaxies in redshift space. Two algorithms are investigated; both are friends-of-friends schemes with variable linking lengths in the radial and transverse dimensions. The chief difference between the algorithms is in the redshift linking length. The algorithm proposed by Huchra \& Geller (1982) uses a generous linking length designed to find ``fingers of god'' while that of Nolthenius \& White (1987) uses a smaller linking length to minimize contamination by projection. We find that neither of the algorithms studied is intrinsically superior to the other; rather, the ideal algorithm as well as the ideal algorithm parameters depend on the purpose for which groups are to be studied. The Huchra/Geller algorithm misses few real groups, at the cost of including some spurious groups and members, while the Nolthenius/White algorithm misses high velocity dispersion groups and members but is less likely to include interlopers in its group assignments. In a companion paper we investigate the accuracy of virial mass estimates and clustering properties of groups identified using these algorithms.
description: 27 pages + 15 figures, AASTeX, ApJS accepted. Compressed postscript figures available in ftp://arcturus.mit.edu/Preprints/grps1_figs.tar. CSR-94-20
Prediction with expert advice for the Brier game
Creators: name: Vovk, Vladimir
name: Zhdanov, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that the Brier game of prediction is mixable and find the optimal learning rate and substitution function for it. The resulting prediction algorithm is applied to predict results of football and tennis matches. The theoretical performance guarantee turns out to be rather tight on these data sets, especially in the case of the more extensive tennis data.
description: 34 pages, 22 figures, 2 tables. The conference version (8 pages) is published in the ICML 2008 Proceedings
Measuring the supernova unknowns at the next-generation neutrino telescopes through the diffuse neutrino background
Creators: name: Moller, Klaes
name: Suliga, Anna M.
name: Tamborra, Irene
name: Denton, Peter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) will preciously contribute to gauge the properties of the core-collapse supernova population. We estimate the DSNB event rate in the next-generation neutrino detectors, Hyper-Kamiokande enriched with Gadolinium, JUNO, and DUNE. The determination of the supernova unknowns through the DSNB will be heavily driven by Hyper-Kamiokande, given its higher expected event rate, and complemented by DUNE that will help in reducing the parameters uncertainties. Meanwhile, JUNO will be sensitive to the DSNB signal over the largest energy range. A joint statistical analysis of the expected rates in 20 years of data taking from the above detectors suggests that we will be sensitive to the local supernova rate at most at a 20-33% level. A non-zero fraction of supernovae forming black holes will be confirmed at a 90% CL, if the true value of that fraction is larger than 20%. On the other hand, the DSNB events show extremely poor statistical sensitivity to the nuclear equation of state and mass accretion rate of the progenitors forming black holes.
description: 29 pages, including 15 figures. Minor changes in the text, matches version accepted for publication in JCAP
EMERGE: Enhancing Multimodal Electronic Health Records Predictive Modeling with Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Creators: name: Zhu, Yinghao
name: Ren, Changyu
name: Wang, Zixiang
name: Zheng, Xiaochen
name: Xie, Shiyun
name: Feng, Junlan
name: Zhu, Xi
name: Li, Zhoujun
name: Ma, Liantao
name: Pan, Chengwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The integration of multimodal Electronic Health Records (EHR) data has significantly advanced clinical predictive capabilities. Existing models, which utilize clinical notes and multivariate time-series EHR data, often fall short of incorporating the necessary medical context for accurate clinical tasks, while previous approaches with knowledge graphs (KGs) primarily focus on structured knowledge extraction. In response, we propose EMERGE, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) driven framework to enhance multimodal EHR predictive modeling. We extract entities from both time-series data and clinical notes by prompting Large Language Models (LLMs) and align them with professional PrimeKG, ensuring consistency. In addition to triplet relationships, we incorporate entities' definitions and descriptions for richer semantics. The extracted knowledge is then used to generate task-relevant summaries of patients' health statuses. Finally, we fuse the summary with other modalities using an adaptive multimodal fusion network with cross-attention. Extensive experiments on the MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV datasets' in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission tasks demonstrate the superior performance of the EMERGE framework over baseline models. Comprehensive ablation studies and analysis highlight the efficacy of each designed module and robustness to data sparsity. EMERGE contributes to refining the utilization of multimodal EHR data in healthcare, bridging the gap with nuanced medical contexts essential for informed clinical predictions. We have publicly released the code at https://github.com/yhzhu99/EMERGE.
description: CIKM 2024 Full Research Paper; arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2402.07016
Odd Frequency Pairing in the Kondo Lattice
Creators: name: Coleman, P.
name: Miranda, E.
name: Tsvelik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility that heavy fermion superconductors involve odd-frequency pairing of the kind first considered by Berezinskii. Using a toy model for odd frequency triplet pairing in the Kondo lattice we are able to examine key properties of this new type of paired state. To make progress treating the strong $n_f=1$ constraint in the Kondo lattice model we use the technical trick of a Majorana representation of the local moments, which permits variational treatments of the model without a Gutzwiller approximation. The simplest mean field theory involves the development of bound states between the local moments and conduction electrons, characterized by a spinor order parameter. We show that this state is a stable realization of odd frequency triplet superconductivity with surfaces of gapless excitations whose spin and charge coherence factors vanish linearly in the quasiparticle energy. A $T^3$ NMR relaxation rate coexists with a linear specific heat. We discuss possible extensions of our toy model to describe heavy fermion superconductivity.
description: 67 pages
Assessing the Accuracy of Masses and Spatial Correlations of Galaxy Groups
Creators: name: Frederic, James J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two algorithms for the identification of galaxy groups from redshift surveys are tested by application to simulated data derived from N-body simulation. The accuracy of the membership assignments by these algorithms is studied in a companion to this paper (Frederic 1994). Here we evaluate the accuracy of group mass estimates and the group-group correlation function. We find a strong bias to low values in the virial mass estimates of groups identified using the algorithm of Nolthenius \& White (1987). The Huchra \& Geller (1982) algorithm gives virial mass estimates which are correct on average. These two algorithms result in group catalogs with similar two-point correlations. We find that groups in a CDM model have excessively large mass to light ratios even when the group richness distribution agrees with observations. We also find that our CDM groups are more strongly correlated than individual halos (galaxies), unlike the groups in the CfA redshift survey extension.
description: 20 pages + 3 figures, AASTeX, ApJS accepted. Compressed postscript figures available in ftp://arcturus.mit.edu/Preprints/grps2_figs.tar. CSR-94-21
title: 02_1842
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The Superparticle and the Lorentz Group
Creators: name: Galperin, A. S.
name: Stelle, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unified group-theoretical framework for superparticle theories. This explains the origin of the ``twistor-like'' variables that have been used in trading the superparticle's $κ$-symmetry for worldline supersymmetry. We show that these twistor-like variables naturally parametrise the coset space ${\cal G}/{\cal H}$, where $\cal G$ is the Lorentz group $SO^\uparrow(1,d-1)$ and $\cal H$ is its maximal subgroup. This space is a compact manifold, the sphere $S^{d-2}$. Our group-theoretical construction gives the proper covariantisation of a fixed light-cone frame and clarifies the relation between target-space and worldline supersymmetries.
description: 33 pages
High-Precision Measurement of Sine and Pulse Reference Signals using Software-Defined Radio
Creators: name: Andrich, Carsten
name: Ihlow, Alexander
name: Bauer, Julia
name: Beuster, Niklas
name: Del Galdo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses simultaneous, high-precision measurement and analysis of generic reference signals by using inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf Software Defined Radio hardware. Sine reference signals are digitally down-converted to baseband for the analysis of phase deviations. Hereby, we compare the precision of the fixed-point hardware Digital Signal Processing chain with a custom Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) x86 floating-point implementation. Pulse reference signals are analyzed by a software trigger that precisely locates the time where the slope passes a certain threshold. The measurement system is implemented and verified using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210 by Ettus Research LLC. Applying standard 10 MHz and 1 PPS reference signals for testing, a measurement precision (standard deviation) of 0.36 ps and 16.6 ps is obtained, respectively. In connection with standard PC hardware, the system allows long-term acquisition and storage of measurement data over several weeks. A comparison is given to the Dual Mixer Time Difference (DMTD) and Time Interval Counter (TIC), which are state-of-the-art measurement methods for sine and pulse signal analysis, respectively. Furthermore, we show that our proposed USRP-based approach outperforms measurements with a high-grade Digital Sampling Oscilloscope.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures, and 4 tables
Additional file 3 of Prediction of RNA-protein sequence and structure binding preferences using deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks
Creators: name: Xiaoyong Pan
name: Rijnbeek, Peter
name: Junchi Yan
name: Shen, Hong-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. The AUCs of using CNNs with sequence and structure information for different hyperparameters learning rate and weight decay. (PDF 47 kb)