cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heads and hearts: establishing the principles behind health monitoring from the ear canal
Creators: name: Von Rosenberg, Wilhelm Christopher
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Human bodies are governed by multiple interacting functions – cardiac, neural, and respiratory to name a few. To assess the health of a high-risk person or as part of an ordinary medical check-up, a wearable device would allow users to continue with their daily routine. Therefore, the ultimate aim in mobile physiological monitoring is to design a single unobtrusive device that observes and analyses as many body parameters as accurately as possible. This would enhance the user’s quality of life, provide a more natural setting for health assessment, and equip physicians with continuous real-world data they could not study previously. Existing wearable solutions are either obtrusive or only cover a subset of the body functions (or both). In this work, the ear canal is investigated as a base for a mobile multi-function health monitor that is as unnoticable as hearing devices worn by millions of people every day. So far, head-based locations for recording physiological signals other than brain rhythms have been underexplored, as the comparatively narrow neck impedes the propagation of vital signals from the torso to the head surface. The suitability of the ear canal as a location for meaningful observations of physiological signals is ﬁrst shown through a novel three-dimensional multi-shell biophysics model with realistic body geometries and dielectric properties, which is used to simulate the propagation of biosignals from their sources to the sensor positions on the head and in the ear. After establishing the theoretical principles behind cardiac and neural recordings from in-ear locations, the feasibility of such measurements is demonstrated through experiments. Starting with sensors embedded in a motorcycle helmet – also concealed in scenarios where a helmet is routinely worn – standard brain responses are reliably determined and heart beats correctly detected using a novel multi-channel algorithm in real-world scenarios during motion. Furthermore, full cardiac cycles are extracted from the noisy head-ECG, which facilitates an early warning system for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Subsequently, this methodology is proven to work with sensors embedded onto earplugs. The straightforward helmet and in-ear set-ups permit their usage in everyday life and enable the analysis of changes in vital body parameters. A new perspective on the evaluation of heart rate changes for stress analysis is next developed, by a simultaneous consideration of multiple heart rate derived stress metrics to categorise the psychological and physiological state of a person. The proposed theoretical models, conducted experiments, and developed algorithms pave the way to 24/7 continuous and inconspicuous health monitoring and promise to empower practitioners with a unique long-term data source for prescribing treatment.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0013
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0013, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0013, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
The effect of variability in the microstructure of tow-based discontinuous composites on their structural behaviour
Creators: name: Li, Yizhuo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Tow-Based Discontinuous Composites (TBDCs) consist of a network of randomly positioned and oriented carbon fibre tows, embedded in a polymeric matrix. These materials provide a solution for combining the manufacturability and mechanical performance for high volume production of structural components, e.g. in automotive/sporting industry. The growing application of TBDCs in structures, in the meanwhile, urge the need for an efficient design tool to account for their discontinuous nature and the heterogeneous microstructure. This work therefore aims to deepen the understanding on the mechanical response of TBDCs and develop design tools for TBDC structures. An experimental study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of randomly-oriented TBDCs to their equivalent ply-by-ply laminate counterparts. The results validated the equivalent laminate analogy used in literature for modelling TBDCs, while measuring the 30% strength knock-down in TBDC due to the intrinsic variability in the microstructure of TBDCs and hence highlighted the need to account for this variability in modelling TBDCs. To account for the intrinsic variability in TBDCs, an analytical strength model based on stochastic equivalent laminate assumption was developed. This model predicts the strength of TBDCs with good agreement to the experimental data, and is able to capture the change in the strength of TBDCs with changing tow dimensions, and therefore, can be used to aid material design and microstructural optimisation. The analytical strength model developed is then integrated with a finite element design framework to account for variability in TBDCs in structural components. By conducting a case study on the engine bonnet lid of Lamborghini Huracan PERFORMANTE, this design framework is shown suitable for large structures. The results from this case study show that the variability in TBDC has signi ficant effect on the critical load and failure initiation location of a TBDC structure. Overall, this work develops an efficient design tool to account for the intrinsic variability in the TBDC on the mechanical response of TBDC structures, which allows for more efficient structural design with these materials.
Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas acuta

description: Anas acuta [spec. nov.]
A. cauda acuminata elongata subtus nigra, occipite utrinque linea alba.
Anas cauda cuneiformi acuta. Fn. svec. 96.
Anas cauda acuta. Gesn. av. 121. Will. orn. 289. t. 73. Raj. av. 147. Alb. av. 2. p. 84. t. 94.
Habitat in Europae maritimis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 126, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4: of Heterogeneous combinatorial expression of Hoxd genes in single cells during limb development
Creators: name: P. Fabre
name: M. Leleu
name: B. Mascrez
name: Q. Lo Giudice
name: J. Cobb
name: D. Duboule
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S3. Table of differentially expressed genes between autopod and zeugopod cells. List of the 50 genes with the highest enrichment in autopod cells compared to zeugopod cells from E12.5 Hoxd11::GFP+ developing limb single cells. (PDF 26 kb)
Kinetic and Structural Evolution of Self-gravitating, Magnetized Clouds: 2.5-Dimensional Simulations of Decaying Turbulence
Creators: name: Ostriker, Eve C.
name: Gammie, Charles F.
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molecular component of the Galaxy is comprised of turbulent, magnetized clouds, many of which are self-gravitating and form stars. To understand how these clouds' evolution may depend on their level of turbulence, mean magnetization, and degree of self-gravity, we perform a survey of direct numerical MHD simulations in 2.5 dimensions. Two of our independent survey parameters allow us to model clouds which either meet or fail conditions for magneto-Jeans stability and magnetic criticality. Our third survey parameter allows us to initiate turbulence of either sub- or super-Alfvénic amplitude. We evaluate the times for each cloud model to become gravitationally bound, and measure each model's kinetic energy loss over the fluid flow crossing time. We compare the evolution of density and magnetic field structural morphology, and quantify the differences in the density contrast generated by internal stresses, for models of differing mean magnetization. We find that the values of (c_s/v_A)^2 and L/L_Jeans, but not the initial Mach number v/c_s, determine the time for cloud gravitational binding and collapse. We find, contrary to some previous expectations, less than a factor of two difference between turbulent decay times for models with varying magnetic field strength. In all models, we find turbulent amplification in the magnetic field strength, with the turbulent magnetic energy between 25-60% of the turbulent kinetic energy after one flow crossing time. We find that for non-self-gravitating stages of evolution, the mass-averaged density contrast magnitudes are in the range 0.2-0.5; we note that only the more strongly-magnetized models appear consistent with estimates of clump/interclump density contrasts inferred in Galactic GMCs.
description: 34 pages, 7 postscript figures, to appear in ApJ 3/1/99
L-PR: Exploiting LiDAR Fiducial Marker for Unordered Low Overlap Multiview Point Cloud Registration
Creators: name: Liu, Yibo
name: Shan, Jinjun
name: Haridevan, Amaldev
name: Zhang, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud registration is a prerequisite for many applications in computer vision and robotics. Most existing methods focus on pairwise registration of two point clouds with high overlap. Although there have been some methods for low overlap cases, they struggle in degraded scenarios. This paper introduces a novel framework dubbed L-PR, designed to register unordered low overlap multiview point clouds leveraging LiDAR fiducial markers. We refer to them as LiDAR fiducial markers, but they are the same as the popular AprilTag and ArUco markers, thin sheets of paper that do not affect the 3D geometry of the environment. We first propose an improved adaptive threshold marker detection method to provide robust detection results when the viewpoints among point clouds change dramatically. Then, we formulate the unordered multiview point cloud registration problem as a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) problem and develop a framework consisting of two levels of graphs to address it. The first-level graph, constructed as a weighted graph, is designed to efficiently and optimally infer initial values of scan poses from the unordered set. The second-level graph is constructed as a factor graph. By globally optimizing the variables on the graph, including scan poses, marker poses, and marker corner positions, we tackle the MAP problem. We conduct both qualitative and quantitative experiments to demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods and to showcase that L-PR can serve as a low-cost and efficient tool for 3D asset collection and training data collection. In particular, we collect a new dataset named Livox-3DMatch using L-PR and incorporate it into the training of the SOTA learning-based method, SGHR, which brings evident improvements for SGHR on various benchmarks.
title: ADCO, Troisième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XVIe), Cart. 23 (G 127), 310 folios, f. 00022
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2011
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Troisième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XVIe), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 23 (G 127), 310 folios, f. 00022, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Troisième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XVIe), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 23 (G 127), 310 folios, f. 00022, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Anas hyemalis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas hyemalis

description: Anas hyemalis [spec. nov.]
A. cauda cuneata: rectricibus intermediis longis, corpore griseo, temporibus albis. Fn. svec. 95.
Anas islandica. Worm. mus. 302.
Anas cauda acuta canadensis. Edw. av. 156. t. 156.
Habitat in Europa & America arctica.
Hieme ad nos migrat; aestate versus septentrionem ulterius pergit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 126, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1: of Deleterious effects of dialysis emergency start, insights from the French REIN registry
Creators: name: Alain, Michel
name: Pladys Adelaide
name: Bayat Sahar
name: Couchoud CĂŠcile
name: Hannedouche Thierry
name: Vigneau CĂŠcile
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Factors associated with three-year mortality on univariate analysis in 2012 incident patients (imputed dataset). Table S2. Causes of death by dialysis initiation condition in 2012 patients. Table S3. Proportion of patients with emergency start per French region, in 2006 and 2012. Appendix S1. Classification of primary kidney nephropathies in the REIN registry depending on the form of renal function impairment. (PDF 109 kb)
Additional file 16: of Bivariate genome-wide association analysis strengthens the role of bitter receptor clusters on chromosomes 7 and 12 in human bitter taste
Creators: name: Liang-Dar Hwang
name: Puya Gharahkhani
name: Breslin, Paul
name: Gordon, Scott
name: Zhu, Gu
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Reed, Danielle
name: Wright, Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Figure S4. The Q-Q plots for each of the univariate analyses. PROP: propylthiouracil. (DOCX 2545 kb)
On the Evoution of the Light Elements I. D, He-3, and He-4
Creators: name: Fields, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light elements D, \he3, \he4, and \li7 are produced in big bang nucleosynthesis and undergo changes in their abundances due to galactic processing. Since one may observe most of these elements only in contemporary environments, knowledge of the intervening evolution is necessary for determining the observational constraints on primordial nucleosynthesis. Chemical and stellar evolution model dependences in light element evolution are systematically investigated via a comparison of 1460 possible chemical evolution scenarios and of stellar nucleosynthesis yields, all of which have been selected to fit solar neighborhood C, N, O, and Fe abundances as well as the observed local gas density and gas mass fraction. The light element evolution and solar system yields in these models are found to span a wide range, explicitly demonstrating the model dependence. The range of model dependence for D, \he3, and \he4 solar abundances is calculated, and its sensitivity to the heavy element constraints is noted. The chemical evolution contribution to the uncertainty in the observed primordial light element abundances is estimated, and the effects of this uncertainty on big bang nucleosynthesis results are discussed. The predictions for the light elements are found to be correlated; the extent and physical origin of these correlations is discussed. D and \he3 evolution is found to have significant model dependence, however, the dominant factor determining their solar and interstellar abundances is their primordial abundance. In addition, \he3 is found to be very sensitive to the details of processing in low mass stars. \he4 yields are shown to be very model dependent; in particular, both the introduction of mass loss and the possibly very high \he4 stellar yields in the
description: 35 pages, written in aastex using aaspptwo.sty, 20 figures available at http://www.nd.edu/~bfields/thesis.html . To appear in Astrophys. J
The dynamics of the outer boundaries in global simulations of planetary magnetospheres
Creators: name: Mejnertsen, Lars
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The solar wind-magnetosphere interaction consists of a set of coupled regions with different dominating physical processes. Understanding this interaction is important in both furthering our understanding of space plasma physics, and mitigating the effects of space weather. The outer boundaries of the magnetosphere are important as they mediate variations in the solar wind and their impact on magnetospheric dynamics. The Gorgon magnetohydrodynamic code is developed to simulate planetary magnetospheres. It is benchmarked in the context of the Earth's magnetosphere, where it performs well compared to other global MHD codes. The code is used to study the behaviour of the outer boundaries of the magnetosphere, the bow shock and magnetopause, focussing on their response to different magnetospheric drivers. Gorgon is first adapted to Neptune's magnetosphere, whose dipole is significantly tilted from its rotation axis. The outer boundaries undergo daily variation, resulting in reconnection being heavily modulated by the precessing internal field. The results found have implications on the global circulation of plasma and energy in inclined magnetospheres, emphasising the need for three-dimensional, time-dependent simulations. The Earth's magnetosphere is studied using real varying solar wind, where the outer boundaries' position and velocity undergo rapid changes. The variable solar wind and curved bow shock causes different parts of the bow shock to respond differently which not captured in empirical models that are widely used to place spacecraft observations in context. In situ observations of the shock may be biased toward observing high velocity shocks, as they rarely cross a stationary shock. A complex mesh of flux ropes are also formed. Their generation creates complex topology, which affects their subsequent evolution, allowing some flux ropes far into the tail. Their complex topology has interesting consequences on the impact these flux ropes have on the transfer of magnetic flux and plasma into magnetosphere.
Optimal Qubit Mapping Search for Encoding Classical Data into Matrix Product State Representation with Minimal Loss
Creators: name: Jeon, Hyeongjun
name: Lee, Kyungmin
name: Lee, Dongkyu
name: Kim, Bongsang
name: Kim, Taehyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix product state (MPS) offers a framework for encoding classical data into quantum states, enabling the efficient utilization of quantum resources for data representation and processing. This research paper investigates techniques to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of MPS representations specifically designed for encoding classical data. Based on the observations that MPS truncation error depends on the pattern of the classical data, we devised an algorithm that finds optimal qubit mapping for given classical data, thereby improving the efficiency and fidelity of the MPS representation. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of the optimized MPS in the context of quantum classifiers, demonstrating their enhanced performance compared to the conventional mapping. This improvement confirms the efficacy of the proposed techniques for encoding classical data into quantum states. MPS representation combined with optimal qubit mapping can pave a new way for more efficient and accurate quantum data representation and processing.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures, The current version represents the initial submission and differs significantly from the final published version. Please check the official publication in Physics Letters A for the most up-to-date and comprehensive content
Anas ferina Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas ferina

description: Anas ferina [spec. nov.]
A. alis cinereis immaculatis, uropygio nigro. Faun. svec. 107.
Anas fera fusca. Gesn. av. 116. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 40. Will. orn. 288. t. 72. Raj. av. 143. Alb. av. 2. p. 87. t. 98.
Habitat in Europae maritimis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 126, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Spectroscopic Detectability of Argon in the Lunar Atmosphere
Creators: name: Parker, Joel Wm.
name: Stern, S. Alan
name: Gladstone, G. Randall
name: Shull, J. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct measurements of the abundance of argon in the lunar atmosphere were made in 1973 by instruments placed on the Moon during the Apollo 17 mission, but the total daytime abundance is unknown due to instrument saturation effects; thus, until we are able to return to the Moon for improved direct measurements, we must use remote sensing to establish the daytime abundance. In this paper, we present a complete analysis of the potential for measuring argon in the lunar atmosphere via emission-line or absorption-line observations. We come to the surprising conclusion that the lower limit established by the in situ lunar argon measurements implies that any absorption-line measurement of argon in the lower, dayside lunar atmosphere requires analysis in the optically-thick regime. In light of this result, we present the results of our EUVS sounding rocket observations of the lunar occultation of Spica, which provide a new upper limit on the abundance of argon in the daytime lunar atmosphere. We also re-analyze a recently reported weak detection of lunar atmospheric Ar I 1048 in emission by the ORFEUS satellite, and show that those data are inconsistent with the emission being due to argon over a wide range of temperatures. This result is primarily due to our use of a more complete curve of growth analysis, and improved values for the argon fluorescent emission rates from radiation and solar wind interactions. We find that the detection reported by ORFEUS would imply an argon surface density significantly greater than the total surface density of the lunar atmosphere for argon accommodated to typical daytime surface temperatures (~400 K), and also is inconsistent with a high-density transient event. We conclude that the reported argon detection is untenable.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 15: of Bivariate genome-wide association analysis strengthens the role of bitter receptor clusters on chromosomes 7 and 12 in human bitter taste
Creators: name: Liang-Dar Hwang
name: Puya Gharahkhani
name: Breslin, Paul
name: Gordon, Scott
name: Zhu, Gu
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Reed, Danielle
name: Wright, Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Table S12. Genetic variants associated with human bitter taste perception using the sample with one member of each MZ pair removed (see Table 1 for associations using the full sample). (DOCX 24 kb)
A quantitative single-cell investigation of cell growth and antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Creators: name: Priestman, Miles
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Tuberculosis is a disease which has afflicted humans for millennia and currently holds the dubious title of the greatest cause of mortality by any single infectious agent. Mycobacterium tuberculosis—the causative agent of tuberculosis—is exquisitely adapted to the infection of humans, with the ability to persist within the hostile intracellular environment of the macrophage. To enable this, M. tuberculosis enacts a dormancy programme that permits long-term survival. This programme has been linked to the requirement for six months treatment to cure tuberculosis since it may enhance drug tolerance—the ability for bacteria to survive antibiotics without genetic resistance. In this thesis, I extensively utilise single-cell time-lapse microscopy coupled with microfluidics to observe Mycobacterium smegmatis cells over many generations. I describe in detail a robust methodology for long-term time-lapse and subsequent image analysis workflow, including its application to a challenging dataset. I then investigate how single cells maintain their cell size under diverse environmental conditions, and determine that birth length and division length are intimately linked by a fixed average extension when grown in standard medium—a so-called "adder". This relationship however breaks down when cells are grown in sub-optimal sole carbon sources. At the population level, I investigate antibiotic tolerance in M. smegmatis, and demonstrate that the ability to survive is highly enriched by growth phase, but not by nutrient deprivation. Finally, I describe an experimental platform with which the response of M. smegmatis to antibiotics can be observed at the single-cell level, and investigate factors that may predict the survival of M. smegmatis cells exposed to the anti-tubercular drug rifampicin, finding that single-cell growth rate and the ability to tolerate rifampicin are uncorrelated. Throughout this thesis, I use quantitative measures of single-cell properties that describe mycobacteria, data which may help develop novel strategies to combat the devastating global burden of tuberculosis.
Peptide nucleic acid conjugates regulate gene expression in vitro: Mode of action and new strategies for improved cellular uptake
Creators: name: Vair-Turnbull, Douglas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: RNA G-quadruplexes (G4) are an important class of nucleic acid secondary structures that are involved in mRNA translation, alternative splicing, localisation and 3’-end processing. Putative RNA G4 forming sequences have been identified in the regulatory regions of many disease-related genes, in particular oncogenes, and as a result have been of increasing interest as therapeutic targets for chemical intervention. G4-binding small molecule ligands and antisense oligonucleotides have both been used to effectively regulate translation. However, the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting RNA G4 structures is limited by a lack of specificity in the presence of alternative RNA secondary structures (including other G4s). Herein, the efficacy of a new generation of “sequence + structure” specific RNA G4 ligands is tested against the well characterised NRAS G4, chosen as a model system. Ligands were designed to target both (i) G4-specific structural features using a flat aromatic and cationic NDI platform and (ii) the single-stranded G4 flanking regions using short complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences. Using an in vitro translation assay these PNA-small molecule conjugates were shown to inhibit translation with a significantly lower IC50 than the PNA or NDI alone. However, evidence suggested that the observed effect was mainly non-specific, which we suggest is due to electrostatic interactions mediated by the positively charged lysine residues added to the PNA-conjugates to improve solubility. In addition, a new 5’UTR G4 in the mRNA of the Aurora A kinase gene has been identified and characterised. Therapeutic PNA oligomers, built around a neutral peptide backbone instead of the negatively-charged oligonucleotide’s sugar-phosphate backbone, offer a number of advantages when compared to natural oligonucleotides, including resistance to proteases and higher binding affinity and specificity for complementary DNA (or RNA) sequences. However, PNA oligomers have very poor membrane permeability, which means that PNA conjugation is likely to significantly decrease their bioavailability. Conjugation of molecular transporters, such as cell penetrating peptides (or peptoids), is currently the most viable method to improve cellular uptake of therapeutic PNA oligomers. Here we report on the development of an in vitro assay and present initial results showing that sonoporation (formation of small pores in cell membranes by combined use of ultrasound and microbubbles) can be used to increase the cellular uptake of PNAs without the need for pre-conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides.
Galaxy GFF3 tool suite for manipulation, conversion and deposition of genome data
Creators: name: Criscione, Anthony
name: Ross, Curtis
name: Maughmer, Cory
name: Ramsey, Jolene
name: Liu, Mei
name: Gill, Jason
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: One of the strengths of Galaxy is the ability to chain analyses together into workflows, which saves user time and enhances reproducibility. A major barrier to workflow construction is the variability of tool input and output file formats; many tools produce outputs in bespoke formats that are not immediately usable in downstream processes. To alleviate this problem in the area of genome annotation, we have developed a suite of manipulation tools centered around the Generic Feature Format (GFF) file format, which we use extensively for formats inter-conversion for compatibility between tools and databases. These tools allow proper parsing of GFF3 files and interconversion between GFF3 and multiple file formats. These functions include conversions from BLAST XML to GFF3, InterProScan integration, and protein localization signal analysis. Following annotation, genomes are submitted into the public sequence repositories, primarily to INSD via NCBI. Because NCBI does not accept GFF3 formatted genome data directly, we have also developed a set of tools to convert GFF3 data to/from Genbank format, and Genbank to/from the NCBI 5-column table format. Finally, a newly implemented GFF3 parser is designed to read GFF data and write sequence-features to the GFF3 standard, including options to rebuild GFF3 gene models, include or suppress feature types, and filter illegal characters. These conversion tools offer flexibility in genome annotation workflows and accessibility for annotations saved in different formats. These tools are currently available for use on the CPT Galaxy instance (cpt.tamu.edu/galaxy-pub) and in the CPT GitHub repository (github.com/TAMU-CPT/). Integration into the Galaxy Toolshed is planned for the near future.
Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas querquedula

description: Anas querquedula [spec. nov.]
A. macula alarum viridi, linea alba supra oculos. Fn. svec. 108.
Kernell. Gesn. av. 107. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 33.
Querquedula prima. Will. ornith. 291. t. 74. Raj. av. 148.
Habitat in Europae aquis dulcibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 126, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1: of Molecular surveillance of respiratory viruses with bioaerosol sampling in an airport
Creators: name: Bailey, Emily
name: Choi, Jessica
name: Zemke, Juliana
name: Myagmarsukh Yondon
name: Gray, Gregory
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Primer and probe sequences for rPCR and rRT-PCR. Full primer and probe sequences for rPCr and rRT-PCR, including references. (DOCX 13Â kb)
Dynamical Friction in a Gaseous Medium
Creators: name: Ostriker, Eve C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using time-dependent linear perturbation theory, we evaluate the dynamical friction force on a massive perturber M_p traveling at velocity V through a uniform gaseous medium of density rho_0 and sound speed c_s. This drag force acts in the direction -\hat V, and arises from the gravitational attraction between the perturber and its wake in the ambient medium. For supersonic motion (M=V/c_s>1), the enhanced-density wake is confined to the Mach cone trailing the perturber; for subsonic motion (M<1), the wake is confined to a sphere of radius c_s t centered a distance V t behind the perturber. Inside the wake, surfaces of constant density are hyperboloids or oblate spheroids for supersonic or subsonic perturbers, respectively, with the density maximal nearest the perturber. The dynamical drag force has the form F_df= - I 4π(G M_p)^2ρ_0/V^2. We evaluate I analytically; its limits are I\to M^3/3 for M<<1 and I\to ln(Vt/r_min) for M>>1. We compare our results to the Chandrasekhar formula for dynamical friction in a collisionless medium, noting that the gaseous drag is generally more efficient when M>1 but less efficient when M<1. To allow simple estimates of orbit evolution in a gaseous protogalaxy or proto-star cluster, we use our formulae to evaluate the decay times of a (supersonic) perturber on a near-circular orbit in an isothermal ρ\propto r^{-2} halo, and of a (subsonic) perturber on a near-circular orbit in a constant-density core. We also mention the relevance of our calculations to protoplanet migration in a circumstellar nebula.
description: 17 pages, 5 postscript figures, to appear in ApJ 3/1/99
General theory for packing icosahedral shells into multi-component aggregates
Creators: name: Canestrari, Nicolò
name: Nelli, Diana
name: Ferrando, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-component aggregates are being intensively researched in various fields because of their highly tunable properties and wide applications. Due to the complex configurational space of these systems, research would greatly benefit from a general theoretical framework for the prediction of stable structures, which, however, is largely incomplete at present. Here we propose a general theory for the construction of multi-component icosahedral structures by assembling concentric shells of different chiral and achiral types, consisting of particles of different sizes. By mapping shell sequences into paths in the hexagonal lattice, we establish simple and general rules for designing a wide variety of magic icosahedral structures, and we evaluate the optimal size-mismatch between particles in the different shells. The predictions of our design strategy are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations for several multi-component atomic clusters and nanoparticles.
Modelling of the bonding process in powder forging
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Bonding between powders is a key factor that has a crucial influence on the mechanical performance of a component formed by powder forging. Consequently, modelling the bonding process is important for controlling the quality of the forged component and predicting the optimum process parameters (i.e. forming temperature, applied load and holding time). However, few numerical models have been developed to investigate this process. In the present study, a theoretical bonding model was established to predict the extent of bonding for a contact region with constant temperature and interfacial pressure, also to identify the bonding conditions for this region (i.e. a combination of temperature, pressure and time). The bonding time for a miniature component manufactured by direct powder forging (DPF) using FGH96 powders was determined at 1150 °C in terms of two applied pressures (103.5 and 198.9 MPa). The numerical predictions from the theoretical model were compared with the obtained experimental results and a good agreement was found, indicating that the model is applicable for predicting bonding between powder particles. A methodology was proposed to implement the analytical equations derived in the theoretical bonding model into finite element (FE) simulation via user subroutines, thus real-time bonding results can be predicted. Also, a micromechanical model was established for modelling the powder densification process in commercial FE software, Abaqus, which employs the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) and face-centred cubic (FCC) structures as a representative volume element (RVE) of the powder aggregate. Since the RVE model simulated the actual interaction between powders, realistic contact pressures were obtained during powder compaction. Finally, a multiscale model was developed to predict the bonding time (i.e. critical holding time) for a specified location within a forged component, which consists of a continuum FE model, the micromechanical (RVE) model, and the theoretical bonding model. The use of this multiscale model was demonstrated via a practical DPF process, which indicates promise in determining the critical value of an industrial process parameter, i.e. holding time, through which the mechanical strength of the forged components can be guaranteed.
Counterrotating Nuclear Disks in Arp 220
Creators: name: Sakamoto, K.
name: Scoville, N. Z.
name: Yun, M. S.
name: Crosas, M.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220 has been observed at 0.5" resolution in CO(2-1) and 1 mm continuum using the newly expanded Owens Valley Millimeter Array. The CO and continuum peaks at the double nuclei and the surrounding molecular gas disk are clearly resolved. We find steep velocity gradients across each nucleus (dV ~ 500 km/s within r= 0.3") whose directions are not aligned with each other and with that of the outer gas disk. We conclude that the double nuclei have their own gas disks (r ~ 100 pc). They are counterrotating with respect to each other and embedded in the outer gas disk (r ~ 1 kpc) rotating around the dynamical center of the system. The masses of each nucleus are M_dyn > 2* 10^9 M_sun based on the CO kinematics. Although there is no evidence of an old stellar population in the optical or near infrared spectroscopy of the nuclei (probably due to the much brighter young population), it seems likely that these nuclei were 'seeded' from the pre-merger nuclei in view of their counterrotating gas kinematics. The gas disks probably constitute a significant fraction (~ 50 %) of the mass in each nucleus. The CO and continuum brightness temperatures imply that the nuclear gas disks have high area filling factors (~ 0.5-1) and have extremely high visual extinctions (Av ~ 1000 mag). The molecular gas must be hot (>= 40 K) and dense (>= 10^4-5 cm^-3), given the large mass and small scale-height of the nuclear disks. The continuum data suggest that the large luminosity (be it starburst or AGN) must originate within 100 pc of the two nuclear gas disks which were presumably formed through concentration of gas from the progenitor outer galaxy disks.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas crecca

description: Anas crecca [spec. nov.]
A. macula alarum viridi, linea alba supra infraque o-1.273 culos. Fn. svec. 109.
Querquedula secunda s. minor. Gesn. av. 105. Aldr. orn. 1. 19. c. 31. Will. orn. 290. t. 74. Raj. av. 147.
Querquedula francia. Alb. av. 1. p. 95. t. 100. & 2. p. 91. t. 102.
Habitat in Europae aquis dulcibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: The Dynamics of Drug Trafficking/ Smuggling by Female Offenders in the Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Approach
Creators: name: Ellis, Le 'Jeane' Iman
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011

description: Female offenders incarcerated for the crime of drug trafficking/smuggling have received little research attention. This thesis is an exploratory study designed to help fill that gap. As such, the study is primarily focused on women involved in the illicit drug economy via their participation in drug trafficking/ smuggling activities and secondarily focused on the general population of females incarcerated/remanded for various other crimes. Within the relevant body of research the term "trafficking" is loosely utilized (Fleetwood 2009). Thus to provide clarity, in this research project the terms "trafficking" and "smuggling" are used interchangeably and specifically reference the act of international import and export of drugs (2009). This research, which was conducted at the women's facility in Arouca, Trinidad at the Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service (TIPS), analyzed relevant experiences of females incarcerated/remanded by addressing three central questions: What are the main factors that influenced the female offender's decision to engage in drug trafficking/ smuggling activities?, How was the female offender recruited to become a drug smuggler/trafficker?, At what point did the female offender become involved with drug trafficking/ smuggling activities? These core research questions were addressed by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with (13) thirteen participants and administering a survey instrument to the broader population of inmates in the Women's Prison. This research, which explored the relevant aspects of the women's lives as well as the incidents leading up to their initiation into drug smuggling, was achieved by probing both general and specific past experiences via questions pertaining to women's educational and criminal history, abuse and other criminogenic factors. Ultimately, the in-depth interview analysis provides a framework for understanding the female drug smugglers of TIPS and offers some preliminary insight into this neglected area. Interview and survey data indicate that many women were tricked or became involved in drug trafficking via false pretense. Furthermore, all females in this study functioned on the lower levels of this illicit industry, having little information regarding higher level operations. This suggests that a more in-depth qualitative study should be conducted in order to collect more detailed information from larger samples of women from various prison facilities in the Caribbean, United Kingdom, Canada and elsewhere. Overall this research produced three major findings which covered women's Motivation, Recruitment and Involvement. These findings suggest that women were not simply motivated by monetary gain, women traffickers made the autonomous decision, were lured, and were tricked into drug trafficking via their personal relationships with men.
Parafermions in Moiré Minibands
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
name: Perea-Causin, Raul
name: Bergholtz, Emil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moiré materials provide a remarkably tunable platform for topological and strongly correlated quantum phases of matter. Very recently, the first zero field Abelian fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) have been experimentally demonstrated and it has been theoretically predicted that non-Abelian states with Majorana fermion excitations may be realized in the nearly dispersionless minibands of these systems. Here we provide telltale evidence in terms of low-energy quantum numbers, spectral flow and entanglement spectra for the even more exotic possibility of moiré-based non-Abelian FCIs exhibiting Fibonacci parafermion excitations.
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