cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Sampling Collaborative Filtering Datasets
Creators: name: Sachdeva, Noveen
name: Wu, Carole-Jean
name: McAuley, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the practical consequences of dataset sampling strategies on the ranking performance of recommendation algorithms. Recommender systems are generally trained and evaluated on samples of larger datasets. Samples are often taken in a naive or ad-hoc fashion: e.g. by sampling a dataset randomly or by selecting users or items with many interactions. As we demonstrate, commonly-used data sampling schemes can have significant consequences on algorithm performance. Following this observation, this paper makes three main contributions: (1) characterizing the effect of sampling on algorithm performance, in terms of algorithm and dataset characteristics (e.g. sparsity characteristics, sequential dynamics, etc.); (2) designing SVP-CF, which is a data-specific sampling strategy, that aims to preserve the relative performance of models after sampling, and is especially suited to long-tailed interaction data; and (3) developing an oracle, Data-Genie, which can suggest the sampling scheme that is most likely to preserve model performance for a given dataset. The main benefit of Data-Genie is that it will allow recommender system practitioners to quickly prototype and compare various approaches, while remaining confident that algorithm performance will be preserved, once the algorithm is retrained and deployed on the complete data. Detailed experiments show that using Data-Genie, we can discard upto 5x more data than any sampling strategy with the same level of performance.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication at WSDM '22. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2107.04984
Automatic Throughput and Critical Path Analysis of x86 and ARM Assembly Kernels
Creators: name: Laukemann, Jan
name: Hammer, Julian
name: Hager, Georg
name: Wellein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Useful models of loop kernel runtimes on out-of-order architectures require an analysis of the in-core performance behavior of instructions and their dependencies. While an instruction throughput prediction sets a lower bound to the kernel runtime, the critical path defines an upper bound. Such predictions are an essential part of analytic (i.e., white-box) performance models like the Roofline and Execution-Cache-Memory (ECM) models. They enable a better understanding of the performance-relevant interactions between hardware architecture and loop code. The Open Source Architecture Code Analyzer (OSACA) is a static analysis tool for predicting the execution time of sequential loops. It previously supported only x86 (Intel and AMD) architectures and simple, optimistic full-throughput execution. We have heavily extended OSACA to support ARM instructions and critical path prediction including the detection of loop-carried dependencies, which turns it into a versatile cross-architecture modeling tool. We show runtime predictions for code on Intel Cascade Lake, AMD Zen, and Marvell ThunderX2 micro-architectures based on machine models from available documentation and semi-automatic benchmarking. The predictions are compared with actual measurements.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Mathematikunterricht in Mehrjahrgangsklassen der Primarschule: Eine Deskription entlang verschiedener Gestaltungselemente und Einschätzungen der Lehrpersonen
Creators: name: Brunner, Esther
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2017
Subjects: Schulentwicklung
Unterrichtsforschung
Jahrgangsübergreifender Unterricht
Altersdurchmischtes Lernen

description: Die vorliegende Studie zeigt für eine Stichprobe von 99 Lehrpersonen, die in einer Mehrjahrgangsklasse der Primarschule unterrichten, wie sie ihren Mathematikunterricht unter diesen strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen bezüglich verschiedener Gestaltungselemente beschreiben. Gefragt wird nach der Häufigkeit des Einsatzes bestimmter Unterrichts- und Sozialformen im Mathematikunterricht sowie bestimmter Organisationsformen altersdurchmischten Lernens. Ferner interessiert, welche dieser Organisationsformen altersdurchmischten Lernens in welchen mathematischen Inhaltsbereichen und in welchen Phasen des Lernprozesses besonders häufig eingesetzt werden. Des Weiteren wird nach den Einschätzungen zu altersdurchmischtem Lernen im Mathematikunterricht gefragt und geprüft, inwiefern sich diese mit den vorhanden Forschungsbefunden decken. Damit greift dieser Beitrag ein aktuelles Thema der Schulentwicklung auf und fragt aus fachdidaktischer Perspektive nach der Gestaltung des Mathematikunterrichts in diesen Mehrjahrgangsklassen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Mathematik auch in Mehrjahrgangsklassen überwiegend jahrgangsgetrennt unterrichtet wird und die betreffenden Lehrpersonen diese strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen als sehr anspruchsvoll empfinden.
description: Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 57
Addressing a volatile subject: adaptive measurement of Australian digital capacities
Creators: name: Magee, Liam
name: Kearney, Emma
name: Bellerose, Delphine
name: Collin, Philippa
name: Crabtree, Louise
name: Humphry, Justine
name: James, Paul
name: Notley, Tanya
name: Sharma, Anjali
name: Third, Amanda
name: Yorke, Samantha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Measuring the dynamic shape of digital practices and their near-ubiquitous relationship to daily life is an elusive quest, one that must contend with temporal and relational limits. Research instruments employing categories and indicators struggle with the transient and interconnected character of the digital ‘social fact’. Longitudinal studies pose special difficulties: a 1990s study of browsing and searching would need to be updated to account for the rise of blogging, gaming and media sharing in the 2000s, and again for mobile devices, virtual reality and home automation in the 2010s. Accounting for the volatility of digital life requires, we argue, an adaptive theoretical approach that acknowledges its integral temporal and relational character. We introduce ‘digital capacity’ as the key organising concept for this approach. Alongside the productive capacities of digital objects, the concept doubles as a description of the responsive and generative abilities of digital users. Such capacities are not invariant, and evolve reflexively through multiple sociotechnical milieu: local neighbourhoods, regional configurations of law and infrastructure, and global networks, standards and platforms. Today, capacities respond, for example, to complex arrangements of face-to-face relations, nation-state norms, and the increasing prevalence of mobile devices, telecommunications and platforms. Despite the rapidity and complexity of this change, practitioner and research communities need some stability in definitions and measures of capacities, and we further discuss an approach, based on community indicator work, to research instrument design that admits both comparison and sensitivity to time, place and context. We include illustrative data from a pilot study of Australian digital capacities.
Giant Magnetoimpedance of Glass-Covered Amorphous Microwires of Co-Mn-Si-B and Co-Si-B
Creators: name: Nie, H. B.
name: Zhang, X. X.
name: Pakhomov, A. B.
name: Xie, Z.
name: Yan, X.
name: Zhukov, A.
name: Vazquez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of magnetic hysteresis and Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) in amorphous glass covered Co-Si-B and Co-Mn-Si-B wires is presented. The wires, about 10 microns in diameter, were obtained by glass-coated melt spinning technique. Samples with positive magnetostriction (MS) have a rectangular bistable hysteresis loop. A smooth hysteresis loop is observed for wires with nearly zero MS. When MS is negative, almost no hysteresis is observed. The GMI was measured in the frequency range between 20 Hz and 30 MHz. The shapes of the impedance versus field curves are qualitatively similar to each other for both positive and zero MS samples. Impedance is maximum at zero field, and decreases sharply in the range 10-20 Oe. For the negative MS wires, when the driving current is small, the impedance is maximum at a finite external field. The position of the maximum approaches zero with increasing current. The contributions of the moment rotation and domain wall motion in the three cases are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Infringement on fundamental human rights through human trafficking
Creators: name: Oaikhena, Marvellous
name: Ikhayere, Aziegbemhin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Human trafficking has been described as the receipt of persons through fraudulent means or deceptive means, transportation of individuals, recruitment, harboring or transfer of persons based on falsehood. Oftentimes men and women or under aged children are usually victims of this inhumane activity. Some Nigerians (male or female) have had to be trafficked outside Nigeria under the pretense that they are going to have a better life. This infringement on their fundamental human rights has led to the loss of life and identity. As victims are smuggled out of the country with a promise of greener pasture oversees or in neighboring African countries. Nigeria and Libya were considered in the study, as trafficking and smuggling are prevalent in prevalent in these countries. The objectives of this study are to ascertain if there are adequate policies on ground to help in sustaining the fight against human trafficking, and why the government has not been able to eradicate the menace from the society. Hence the Nigerian government engages in diplomatic relations with other countries to return persons to the country (like in the case of Libya), through the established relevant agencies such as the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Person (NAPTIP). The study adopted the secondary data generational approach. It advocated for a more rigorous approach in other to sustain relevant policies, if any, and strengthen the fight against trafficking of persons.
Complete 1-Loop Calculation of the T-violating D-Parameter in Neutron Decay in the MSSM
Creators: name: Drees, Manuel
name: Rauch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the violation of time reversal invariance in the decay of the free neutron in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The coefficient of the triple product of the neutron spin and the momenta of electron and neutrino, the so called D parameter, is computed at one loop order including all diagrams. We find that D is mainly sensitive to the trilinear A coupling in the squark sector and to the phase of the coefficient μwhich mixes the two Higgs superfields. The maximal MSSM contribution using parameters still allowed by experiment is however at D \approx 10^{-7}, while QED final state interactions give a value of D_{fsi} = - 2.3 * 10^{-5}. Explicit expressions for all relevant diagrams are given in an Appendix.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures; Improved scanning of parameter space leads to some numerical change, but the basic conclusion remains unchanged
Phase diagram of dense neutral three-flavor quark matter
Creators: name: Ruester, Stefan B.
name: Shovkovy, Igor A.
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of dense, locally neutral three-flavor quark matter as a function of the strange quark mass, the quark chemical potential, and the temperature, employing a general nine-parameter ansatz for the gap matrix. At zero temperature and small values of the strange quark mass, the ground state of matter corresponds to the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase. At some critical value of the strange quark mass, this is replaced by the recently proposed gapless CFL (gCFL) phase. We also find several other phases, for instance, a metallic CFL (mCFL) phase, a so-called uSC phase where all colors of up quarks are paired, as well as the standard two-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase and the gapless 2SC (g2SC) phase.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, references added; the version accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
title: La lezione itinerante nel contesto educativo- didattico. Dall'approccio sensoriale alla analisi e organizzazione delle informazioni ambiental
Creators: name: De Vecchis, Gino
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2019

description: I contributi, che qui si propongono, costituiscono soltanto una parte di una più vasta ricerca, partita da un'attività promossa alla fine del 1989 dalla Sezione Lazio dell'Associazione Italiana Insegnanti di Geografia, che ha avuto come tema generale "La lezione itinerante dalla Scuola elementare all'Università". L'iniziativa, alla quale hanno preso parte attiva numerosi docenti, sia della scuola dell'obbligo, che della scuola secondaria superiore e dell'università (1), ha avuto due obiettivi principali: - analizzare le possibilità e i problemi relativi all'inserimento organico e interdisciplinare della lezione itinerante in un progetto didattico di ampio respiro.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 1 (1991)
Multi-parameter estimation beyond Quantum Fisher Information
Creators: name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
name: Gorecki, Wojciech
name: Guta, Madalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review aims at gathering the most relevant quantum multi-parameter estimation methods that go beyond the direct use of the Quantum Fisher Information concept. We discuss in detail the Holevo Cramér-Rao bound, the Quantum Local Asymptotic Normality approach as well as Bayesian methods. Even though the fundamental concepts in the field have been laid out more than forty years ago, a number of important results have appeared much more recently. Moreover, the field drew increased attention recently thanks to advances in practical quantum metrology proposals and implementations that often involve estimation of multiple parameters simultaneously. Since these topics are spread in the literature and often served in a very formal mathematical language, one of the main goals of this review is to provide a largely self-contained work that allows the reader to follow most of the derivations and get an intuitive understanding of the interrelations between different concepts using a set of simple yet representative examples involving qubit and Gaussian shift models.
description: Review paper, 69 pages. Published in the special issue of Journal of Physics A: "Quantum multiparameter estimation and metrology"
title: Paludi pontine: un paesaggio scomparso
Creators: name: Falconi, Carla
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2019

description: Non c'è nulla che faccia rumore: non la barca sull'acqua, non la stuzza quando si affonda, non i due muri di paglia tra cui scivoliamo. Tutto sembra irreale. Ogni termine di paragone con la vita è abolito. È impossibile pensare a qualcosa di determinato. Ogni pensiero si smussa in una sonnolenza, in un'atonia viscida, verdastra, in ogni vibrazione si disfa come le erbe che macerano sotto l'acqua immota. Sembra che anche il cervello comincia a ristagnare; come l'aria, l'acqua, il sole, come tutto ciò che altrove è vita. Si va, si va lentamente, su l'acqua nera fra le cannucce immobili. Appena ogni tanto la stuzza dà un risciacquio fioco, che sembra un singhiozzo: ma pare che venga di lontano, lontano dalla vita che si è abbandonata e che si incomincia a dimenticare.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (1993)
On completeness in a non-Archimedean setting via firm reflections
Creators: name: Deses, D.
name: Lowen-Colebunders, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54E15, 54B30, 54D35, 26E30, 18G05

description: We develop a completion theory for (general) non-Archimedean spaces based on the theory on "a categorical concept of completion of objects" as introduced by G.C.L. Brümmer and E. Giuli. Our context is the construct $\mathbf{NA}_0$ of all Hausdorff non-Archimedean spaces and uniformly continuous maps and $\mathcal{V}$ is the class of all epimorphic embeddings in $\mathbf{NA}_0$. We determine the class ${\bf Inj} \mathcal{V}$ of all $\mathcal{V}$-injective objects and we present an internal characterization as "complete objects". The basic tool for this characterization is a notion of small collections that in some sense preserve the inclusion order on the non-Archimedean structure. We prove that the full subconstruct $\mathbf{CNA}_0$ consisting of all complete objects forms a firmly $\mathcal{V}$-reflective subcategory. This means that every object $X$ in $\mathbf{NA}_0$ has a completion which is a $\mathcal{V}$-reflection $r_X:X\to RX$ into the full subconstruct $\mathbf{CNA}_0$ of "complete spaces". Moreover this completion is unique (up to isomorphism) in the sense that, considering $L(\mathbf{CNA}_0)$, the class of all those morphisms $u: X\to Y$ for which $Ru:RX\to RY$ is an isomorphism, one has that $\mathcal{V}$ is contained in $L(\mathbf{CNA}_0)$. In fact one even has $\mathcal{V}=L(\mathbf{CNA}_0)$. Finally we apply our constructions to the classical case of Hausdorff non-Archimedean uniform spaces, in that case our completion reduces to the standard one.
description: Special volume: p-adic numbers in number theory, analytic geometry and funtional analysis
title: Una proposta didattica: l'evoluzione dell'immagine turistica desunta dai depliants illustrativi. L'esempio dei Colli Albani
Creators: name: Banini, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2019

description: I sussidi audiovisivi, il software, il maggiore spazio concesso alle visite e alle gite d'istruzione hanno progressivamente aperto nuove frontiere all 'insegnamento. Ne ha tratto giovamento ancor più la geografia che abbisogna, proprio per la natura che la contraddistingue, di costanti riferimenti alle realtà territoriali oggetto di studio, relative sia al "vicino" che, per quanto possibile, al "lontano".
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (1993)
Soft wetting and the Shuttleworth effect, at the crossroads between thermodynamics and mechanics
Creators: name: Andreotti, Bruno
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremely compliant elastic materials, such as thin membranes or soft gels, can be deformed when wetted by a liquid drop. It is commonly assumed that the solid capillarity in "soft wetting" can be treated in the same manner as liquid surface tension. However, the physical chemistry of a solid interface is itself affected by any distortion with respect to the elastic reference state. This gives rise to phenomena that have no counterpart in liquids: the mechanical surface stress is different from the excess free energy in surface. Here we point out some striking consequences of this "Shuttleworth effect" in the context of wetting on deformable substrates, such as the appearance of elastic singularities and unconventional capillary forces. We provide a synthesis between different viewpoints on soft wetting (microscopic and macroscopic, mechanics and thermodynamics), and point out key open issues in the field.
title: La lettura del paesaggio laziale attraverso il resoconto di un viaggiatore inglese: Edward Lear (XIX Sec.)
Creators: name: Masetti, Carla
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2019

description: La penisola italiana, terra promessa dell'arte e dell'eredità classica greco-romana, è sempre stata meta di continui flussi di visitatori e viaggiatori provenienti da diversi Paesi. Studiosi, nobili, artisti si sono alternati in un ininterrotto pellegrinaggio che vede ancora l'Italia tra le principali destinazioni del turismo europeo. Ma è nel XVII-XVIII secolo che il viaggio in Italia diviene tappa di quella vera e propria moda istituzionale che prende il nome di Grand Tour e la cui tradizione sopravviverà anche nei secoli successivi.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (1993)
The chemical composition of the Herbig Ae SB2 system AK Sco (HD152404)
Creators: name: Castelli, F.
name: Hubrig, S.
name: Jarvinen, S. P.
name: Schöller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stellar atmospheres of the two components of the Herbig Ae SB2 system AK Sco to determine the elements present in the stars and their abundance. Equal stellar parameters T_eff = 6500K and log g = 4.5 were used for both stars. We studied HARPSpol spectra (resolution 110,000) that were previously used to state the presence of a weak magnetic field in the secondary. A composite synthetic spectrum was compared in the whole observed region lambda 3900-6912A with the observed spectrum. The abundances were derived mostly from unblended profiles, in spite of their sparsity, owing to the complexity of the system and to the not negligible v sin i of 18km/s and 21km/s adopted for the two components, respectively. The identified elements are those typical of stars with spectral type F5IV-V, except for Li I at 6707A and He I at 5875.61A, whose presence is related with the Herbig nature of the two stars. Furthermore, overabundances were determined in both stars for Y, Ba, and La. Zirconium is overabundant only in the primary, while sulfur is overabundant outside the adopted error limits only in the secondary. In contrast to previous results showing a high occurrence rate of lambda Boo peculiarities or normal chemical composition among the Herbig Ae/Be stars, the abundance pattern of AK Sco is similar to that of only few other Herbig stars displaying weak Ap/Bp peculiarities. A few accretion diagnostic lines are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Did volcanoes erupting in estuaries (Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, BGB) serve as microbiological cradles during the Archean?
Creators: name: van Rensburg, Deon Janse
name: Reimann (2), Sebastian
name: Heubeck (1), Christoph
name: Zametzer (2), Andreas
name: Fugmann (3), Paul
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: FSU Jena, Germany (1); Curtin University, Australia (2); Université de Liège, Belgium (3)

The Moodies Group is classically described as a synorogenic sequence of quartz-rich sandstone, conglomerate, fine-grained sediments with subordinate ferruginous sediments and volcanic components. A prominent basaltic lava (MdL) approx. mid-section marks BGB-wide changes in facies trends, tectonic regime, and sandstone petrographic composition. This unit is the surface expression of the large Moodies Igneous Complex (MIC) which, aside from the basaltic lava and associated tuffs, also consists of plutonic sills (e.g., Lomati River Intrusive, LRI) and a subvolcanic stockwork complex. The interaction of this (sub)volcanic component with the coastal sedimentary setting has not been studied to-date. The stockwork, which likely acted as feeders to MdL, includes at least one diatreme, surrounded by tidal bars. Numerous widespread outcrops show peperitic textures that suggest that hydrothermal activity affected the alluvial, fluvial, deltaic and tidal environments. Microbial mats, best preserved in the Saddleback Syncline of the central BGB and thought to be restricted to coastal environments, also exist in other environments, all of which appear related to volcanic activity. Preservation potential appears to have been best near the LRI. Continued geochemical and geological research will resolve the complex near-contemporaneous, close spatial association of magmatism, sedimentation, deformation, and hydrothermal alteration in the Moodies Group. This, in turn, will allow us to better constrain the paleoenvironmental setting of the microbial mats. We speculate that the elevated temperatures and ready the supply of nutrients, combined with the estuarine setting of the middle Moodies Group, provided an ideal laboratory for the evolution and preservation of surface-adapted microbiological life forms.
Backreaction in Acoustic Black Holes
Creators: name: Balbinot, Roberto
name: Fagnocchi, Serena
name: Fabbri, Alessandro
name: Procopio, Giovanni P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The backreaction equations for the linearized quantum fluctuations in an acoustic black hole are given. The solution near the horizon, obtained within a dimensional reduction, indicates that acoustic black holes, unlike Schwarzschild ones, get cooler as they radiate phonons. They show remarkable analogies with near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.
description: 4 pages, revtex, 1 figure. revised version, published in prl
A Survey on Masked Facial Detection Methods and Datasets for Fighting Against COVID-19
Creators: name: Wang, Bingshu
name: Zheng, Jiangbin
name: Chen, C. L. Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a great challenge to the world since its outbreak. To fight against the disease, a series of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are developed and applied to real-world scenarios such as safety monitoring, disease diagnosis, infection risk assessment, lesion segmentation of COVID-19 CT scans,etc. The coronavirus epidemics have forced people wear masks to counteract the transmission of virus, which also brings difficulties to monitor large groups of people wearing masks. In this paper, we primarily focus on the AI techniques of masked facial detection and related datasets. We survey the recent advances, beginning with the descriptions of masked facial detection datasets. Thirteen available datasets are described and discussed in details. Then, the methods are roughly categorized into two classes: conventional methods and neural network-based methods. Conventional methods are usually trained by boosting algorithms with hand-crafted features, which accounts for a small proportion. Neural network-based methods are further classified as three parts according to the number of processing stages. Representative algorithms are described in detail, coupled with some typical techniques that are described briefly. Finally, we summarize the recent benchmarking results, give the discussions on the limitations of datasets and methods, and expand future research directions. To our knowledge, this is the first survey about masked facial detection methods and datasets. Hopefully our survey could provide some help to fight against epidemics.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 2021, early access
Information-based approach towards a unified resource theory
Creators: name: Costa, A. C. S.
name: Angelo, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resource theories play an important role in quantum information theory, as they identify resourceful states and channels that are potentially useful for the accomplishment of tasks that would be otherwise unreachable. The elementary structure of such theories, which is based on the definition of free states and free operations, successfully accommodates different nonclassical aspects, such as quantum coherence and entanglement, but it is still not clear whether and how far such formal framework can be extended. In this work, by taking information as the most primitive quantum resource and defining resource-destroying operations, we develop a unifying approach that proves able to encompass several nonclassical aspects, including the newly developed concepts of quantum irreality and realism-based nonlocality.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Updated to the published version
MOESM3 of Health economic evaluations of sepsis interventions in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review
Creators: name: Higgins, Alisa
name: Brooker, Joanne
name: Mackie, Michael
name: D. Cooper
name: Harris, Anthony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Tables A3-1 to A3-3 Characteristics and results of included evaluations
Imprints of Evolution on the Internal Kinematics of Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Watkins, Laura L.
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Bellini, Andrea
name: Libralato, Mattia
name: Anderson, Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters are collisional systems, meaning that the stars inside them interact on timescales much shorter than the age of the Universe. These frequent interactions transfer energy between stars and set up observable trends that tell the story of a cluster's evolution. This contribution focuses on what we can learn by studying velocity anisotropy and energy equipartition in globular clusters with Hubble Space Telescope proper motions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 351 "Star Clusters: From the Milky Way to the Early Universe", 2019
Integration of Smallholders in Modern Agri-food Chains: Lessons from the KASCOL Model in Zambia
Creators: name: Mungandi, Sepiso
name: Conforte, Daniel
name: Shadbolt, Nicola M.
name: Mungandi, Sepiso
name: Conforte, Daniel
name: Shadbolt, Nicola M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Agri-food value chain
subject: smallholders
subject: contract farming
subject: social capital
subject: KASCOL
subject: Zambia

description: The Kaleya Smallholders Company Limited (KASCOL) model has been considered in Zambia a success in increasing smallholders’ participation, ownership and governance in an agri-food val-ue chain. This study explores if and why this was a successful experience. The evidence gathered revealed that along its thirty years of existence, the model was able to grow the smallholder ownership and governance role. Although the context, governance structures and managerial competence were necessary factors in the sustainability of the model, the variables related to social capital were key determinants for the long term successful inclusion of the smallholders.
description: The IFAMR is the official journal of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association. We are open access. The complete library can be found at www.ifama.org
Tidal Disruptions of Main Sequence Stars -- I. Observable Quantities and their Dependence on Stellar and Black Hole Mass
Creators: name: Ryu, Taeho
name: Krolik, Julian
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Noble, Scott C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a series of papers presenting a quantitative theory for the tidal disruption of main sequence stars by supermassive black holes. Using fully general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations and MESA-model initial conditions, we explore the pericenter-dependence of tidal disruption properties for eight stellar masses ($0.15 \leq M_*/M_\odot \leq 10$) and six black hole masses ($10^5 \leq M_{BH}/M_\odot \leq 5 \times 10^7$). We present here the results most relevant to observations. The effects of internal stellar structure and relativity decouple for both the disruption cross section and the characteristic energy width of the debris. Moreover, the full disruption cross section is almost independent of $M_*$ for $M_*/M_\odot \lesssim 3$. Independent of $M_*$, relativistic effects increase the critical pericenter distance for full disruptions by up to a factor $\sim 3$ relative to the Newtonian prediction. The probability of a direct capture is also independent of $M_*$; at $M_{BH}/M_\odot \simeq 5 \times 10^6$ this probability is equal to that of a complete disruption. The width of the debris energy distribution $ΔE$ can differ from the standard estimate by factors from 0.35 to 2, depending on $M_*$ and $M_{BH}$, implying a corresponding change in the characteristic mass-return timescale. The "frozen-in approximation" is inconsistent with $ΔE$, and mass-loss continues over a long span of time. We provide analytic forms, suitable for use in both event rate estimates and parameter inference, to describe all these trends. For partial disruptions, we find a nearly-universal relation between the star's angular momentum and the fraction of $M_*$ remaining. Within the "empty loss-cone" regime, partial disruptions must precede full disruptions. These partial disruptions can drastically affect the rate and appearance of subsequent total disruptions.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, Supersedes arXiv:1907.08205
RATAN-600 and PLANCK Mission: new results after First General Meeting
Creators: name: Parijskij, Yu.
name: Novikov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present activity at RATAN-600 connected with future PLANCK mission. It includes special radio telescope upgrading, multi-frequencies observations in the 0.6GHz-30GHz band with 40 channels, new results, connected with synchrotron, spinning dust and polarized Galaxy emission at small scales. Much lower limits were found than expected before the First Planck meeting. New deep sub-mJy survey of the 100 sq.deg. field at cm. waves demonstrated, that NVSS objects will dominate at LFI frequencies, and new, invisible by NVSS population will be below PLANCK sensitivity limit with only few exceptions. Preparation to the next generation experiments, connected with PLANCK mission we describe as well. They include high l polarization, SZ- blind survey, and test observations of the cosmological highly redshifted lines at small scales.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, PDF file
Compassion across borders: Cross-border journey mapping of Afghan patients seeking care in Pakistan
Creators: name: Shirdel, Madina
name: Rehmat, Shagufta
name: Khan, Faisal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The dominant majority of Afghan patients travel across the border to avail the of healthcare at tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. According to International Organization for Migration, a total of 75,734 Afghan refugees crossed the Torkham border from January to February 2022. Among them, 16,149 Afghans had valid visas, 596 Afghan patients with medical visas that required medical treatment in Pakistan along with 539 attendants who accompanied the patients. The aim of this study is to map and measure all touchpoints that an Afghan patient goes through in his or her treatment journey in a healthcare facility (before, during, and after treatment). This will help us identify and capture insights into their experience and document the shortcomings of the healthcare system and the challenges they pose to patients in the process of attaining medical care.
Automorphism groups of superextensions of finite monogenic semigroups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Gavrylkiv, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20D45, 20M15, 20B25

description: A family $\mathcal L$ of subsets of a set $X$ is called linked if $A\cap B\ne\emptyset$ for any $A,B\in\mathcal L$. A linked family $\mathcal M$ of subsets of $X$ is maximal linked if $\mathcal M$ coincides with each linked family $\mathcal L$ on $X$ that contains $\mathcal M$. The superextension $λ(X)$ of $X$ consists of all maximal linked families on $X$. Any associative binary operation $* : X\times X \to X$ can be extended to an associative binary operation $*: λ(X)\timesλ(X)\toλ(X)$. In the paper we study automorphisms of the superextensions of finite monogenic semigroups and characteristic ideals in such semigroups. In particular, we describe the automorphism groups of the superextensions of finite monogenic semigroups of cardinality $\leq 5$.
Operation Mechanism of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives from the Point of Low-Carbon Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Huang, Lei
name: Cheng, Yu-Gui
name: Huang, Lei
name: Cheng, Yu-Gui
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cluster of low-carbon agricultural products
subject: Farmers’ professional cooperatives
subject: Low-carbon value

description: We firstly take a look at internal logic of cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products. In combination with operation features of farmers’ professional cooperatives and actual requirements for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products; we elaborate establishing benefit allocation mechanism, bearing education and training functions, forming low-carbon value, building low-carbon identification system, as well as realizing low-carbon value. According to these situations, we systematically analyze operation mechanism of farmers’ professional cooperatives suitable for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products. To promote cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products, we put forward following suggestions, including government guidance and encouragement, social acceptance and active cooperation, and integration into global low-carbon development system to share benefit of low-carbon development.
Inner and outer star forming regions over the disks of spiral galaxies. II. A comparative of physical properties and evolutionary stages
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Baras, M.
name: Díaz, A. I.
name: Rosales-Ortega, F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HII regions are all studied employing the same general prescriptions, despite the possible influence of their environment in their star formation processes. Through the analysis of two samples of 725 inner and 671 outer disk HII region observed spectra, we explore possible systematic differences between their ionising clusters physical properties (metallicity, mass, and age), comparing observations and predictions by photoionisation models. Higher metallicities are confirmed for inner regions, although there are important discrepancies between the diagnostic diagrams. Calibrations based on the N2 index may underestimate inner regions O/H due to the [NII] saturation at solar metallicities. The degeneracy between the age and ionisation parameter affects O/H calibrations based on the O3N2 index. Innermost regions have enhanced N/O ratios, indicating an increase in the slope of the relation between N/O and O/H. Ionisation parameter calibrations based on the [SII]/Hα ratio are not valid for inner regions due to the bivalued behaviour of this ratio with O/H. Innermost regions have lower [OII]/[OIII] ratios than expected, indicating a possible non-linear relation between u and Z. Ionising and non-ionising populations are present in both inner and outer regions. Inner regions show larger ionising cluster masses that possibly compose star-forming complexes. Outer regions might be affected by stochastic effects. Equivalent widths indicate younger ages for outer regions, but degeneracy between evolution and underlying population effects prevent a quantitative determination. Inner regions have larger angular sizes, lower filling factors, and larger ionised hydrogen masses. The confirmed systematic differences between ionising clusters of inner and outer HII regions condition the validity and range of reliability of O/H and u calibrations commonly applied to the study of HII regions.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 14 pages, 12 figures
Stabilizing the invisible axion in 3-3-1 models
Creators: name: Dias, Alex G.
name: Pleitez, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By introducing local $Z_N$ symmetries with $N=11,13$ in two 3-3-1 models, it is possible to implement an automatic Peccei-Quinn symmetry, keeping the axion protected against gravitational effects at the same time. Both models have a $Z_2$ domain wall problem and the neutrinos are strictly Dirac particles.
description: 5 pages
title: "Il paesaggio" di Aldo Sestini come strumento didattico: un'esemplificazione per il Lazio
Creators: name: Tondinelli, Milena
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2019

description: Con capacità di sintesi e con invidiabile padronanza espressiva, Sestini riesce a mettere in relazione geologia, clima, vegetazione, variazione dell'ambiente fisico durante il corso dell'anno, popolazione, insediamento: questi sono i livelli più alti che la letteratura geografica italiana abbia raggiunto nel produrre analisi di paesaggi secondo i canoni della geografia classica.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (1993)
Signatures of Supernova Neutrino Oscillations into Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Cirelli, Marco
name: Romanino, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the mixing of muon and tau neutrinos with sterile fermion fields propagating in extra dimensions in the context of core collapse supernova physics, extending the analysis of the electron neutrino case done in a previous work. We show that the potentially dramatic modifications to the supernova evolution are prevented by a mechanism of feedback, so that no severe bounds on the parameters of the extra dimensions need to be imposed. Nevertheless, the supernova core evolution is significantly modified. We discuss the consequences on the delayed explosion mechanism and the compatibility with the SN1987A signal. Then, for the cases of both nu_{mu,tau} and nu_e mixing with bulk fermions, we analyse the distinctive features of the signal on Earth.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor changes, matches published version
MOESM2 of Health economic evaluations of sepsis interventions in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review
Creators: name: Higgins, Alisa
name: Brooker, Joanne
name: Mackie, Michael
name: D. Cooper
name: Harris, Anthony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Publications excluded at full text stage
Development Model and Characteristics of Rural Land Joint Stock-cooperative System
Creators: name: Chang, Huan-Huan
name: Yu, Yun
name: Guo, Yong-Sheng
name: Chen, Xiao-Di
name: Chang, Huan-Huan
name: Yu, Yun
name: Guo, Yong-Sheng
name: Chen, Xiao-Di
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural land joint-stock cooperative system
subject: Household contract responsibility system
subject: Securitization of rural land

description: We introduce and analyze operating mechanism of three major rural land joint-stock cooperative systems in China, including community type (Nanhai model), collective leasing type (Ningxia Pingluo model) and joint operating type (Zhejiang Jiande model). Current rural land joint-stock cooperative system has following characteristics. Firstly, adhere to the collective ownership and household contract responsibility system in rural areas. Secondly, safeguard farmers’ land contractual rights and interests. Thirdly, implement large-scale agricultural production and operation. Fourthly, carry out normative operation of farmers’ cooperatives. On the basis of these, we point out such problems as backward technology and short of funds in development of rural land joint-stock cooperative system. Finally, we conclude that the development of rural land joint-stock cooperative system should fully draw lessons from foreign advanced experience, actively try new model like securitization of rural land, to explore a road suitable for current national conditions.
Radiation induced zero-resistance states: a dressed electronic structure effect
Creators: name: Rivera, P. H.
name: Schulz, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on magnetoresistance in a two dimensional electron gas under crossed magnetic and microwave fields show a new class of oscillations, suggesting a new kind of zero-resistance states. A complete understanding of the effect is still lacking. We consider the problem from the point of view of the electronic structure dressed by photons due to a in plane linearly polarized ac field. The dramatic changes in the dressed electronic structure lead to a interpretation of the new magnetoresistance oscillations as a persistent-current like effect, induced by the radiation field.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, revtex4, changes in introduction and added references
An Empirical Study of Sections in Classifying Disease Outbreak Reports
Creators: name: Doan, Son
name: Conway, Mike
name: Collier, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying articles that relate to infectious diseases is a necessary step for any automatic bio-surveillance system that monitors news articles from the Internet. Unlike scientific articles which are available in a strongly structured form, news articles are usually loosely structured. In this chapter, we investigate the importance of each section and the effect of section weighting on performance of text classification. The experimental results show that (1) classification models using the headline and leading sentence achieve a high performance in terms of F-score compared to other parts of the article; (2) all section with bag-of-word representation (full text) achieves the highest recall; and (3) section weighting information can help to improve accuracy.
description: 13 pages, 2 tables, book chapter in Web-Based Applications in Healthcare and Biomedicine. Annals of Information Systems, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA, 2010