cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bursting activity spreading through asymmetric interactions
Creators: name: Onaga, Tomokatsu
name: Shinomoto, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: People communicate with those who have the same background or share a common interest by using a social networking service (SNS). News or messages propagate through inhomogeneous connections in an SNS by sharing or facilitating additional comments. Such human activity is known to lead to endogenous bursting in the rate of message occurrences. We analyze a multi-dimensional self-exciting process to reveal dependence of the bursting activity on the topology of connections and the distribution of interaction strength on the connections. We determine the critical conditions for the cases where interaction strength is regulated at either the point of input or output for each person. In the input regulation condition, the network may exhibit bursting with infinitesimal interaction strength, if the dispersion of the degrees diverges as in the scale-free networks. In contrast, in the output regulation condition, the critical value of interaction strength, represented by the average number of events added by a single event, is a constant $1-1/\sqrt{2} \approx 0.3$, independent of the degree dispersion. Thus, the stability in human activity crucially depends on not only the topology of connections but also the manner in which interactions are distributed among the connections.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Sources, sinks and transformations of organic carbon in Australian floodplain rivers
Creators: name: Robertson, A. I
name: Bunn, S. E
name: Boon, P. I
name: Walker, K. F
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

This paper reviews research on fluxes of carbon in Australian floodplain rivers. Except where cover is absent, and in-stream gross primary production is >1 gC m–2 day–1 and ratios of production to respiration are >1, riparian sources dominate carbon pools in catchment streams. On floodplains, primary production by river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests is ~600 gC m–2 year–1. Total primary production by aquatic macrophytes and biofilms in floodplain wetlands is >2500 gC m–2 year–1 and >620 gC m–2 year–1, respectively. Large pools of particulate organic carbon (POC) exist on floodplains as litter (>500 gC m–2) and coarse woody debris (~6 kgC m–2). Floods may release 50 gDOC m–2 from leaf litter. Export of this DOC (dissolved organic carbon) may be substantial relative to autochthonous production in river channels. Sediments deposited on floodplains during large floods represent a substantial sink of riverine POC (up to 280 gC m–2). Bacteria are responsible for rapid decomposition of DOC and POC in floodplain wetlands (sediment respiration and methanogenesis, both ~1 gC m–2 day–1). Flow and its interaction with geomorphology control carbon fluxes in rivers. Decreased inputs of floodplain carbon, following river regulation and physical disturbances to catchments and floodplains, may have resulted in many Australian rivers being dominated by algal production.
Time-resolved single-particle spectrum of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model after interaction quenches
Creators: name: Su, Yong-Guang
name: Lu, Ruifeng
name: Lu, Hantao
name: Shao, Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model after interaction quenches. In strong-coupling regime with large on-site interaction, the ground states of this model with small and large nearest-neighbor interactions are in spin-density-wave and charge-density-wave phases, respectively. Combining twisted boundary conditions with the time-dependent Lanczos method, we obtain snapshots of the time-dependent single-particle spectrum after quenches. We find that for quench within the same phase, the single-particle spectrum becomes close to that of the quenched Hamiltonian immediately after the quench. While for quench across the critical point, the afterward evolution process depends mainly on the distribution of the initial state among the eigenstates of the quenched Hamiltonian. Our finding may serve as a way to detect the phase transition in ultracold atom systems with interactions.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of The SCRIPT trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Creators: name: Saya, Sibel
name: Boyd, Lucy
name: Chondros, Patty
name: McNamara, Mairead
name: King, Michelle
name: Milton, Shakira
name: Lourenco, Richard De Abreu
name: Clark, Malcolm
name: Fishman, George
name: Marker, Julie
name: Ostroff, Cheri
name: Allman, Richard
name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Buchanan, Daniel
name: Winship, Ingrid
name: McIntosh, Jennifer
name: Macrae, Finlay
name: Jenkins, Mark
name: Emery, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Standard cancer risk reduction information provided to control participants in the SCRIPT study.
Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates Nanoparticles with Tumor Selective Alkyl Silyl Ether Docetaxel Prodrug Reduces Toxicity
Creators: name: Chu, Kevin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Delivery systems designed to have triggered release after passively targeting the tumor may improve small molecule chemotherapeutic delivery. Particle replication in nonwetting templates was used to prepare nanoparticles to passively target solid tumors in an A549 subcutaneous xenograft model. An acid labile prodrug was delivered to minimize systemic free docetaxel concentrations and improve tolerability without compromising efficacy.
Optical Counterparts of Two Candidate Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in NGC 4536
Creators: name: Avdan, H.
name: Sonbas, E.
name: Dhuga, K. S.
name: Vinokurov, A.
name: Göğüş, E.
name: Avdan, S.
name: Solovyeva, Y. N.
name: Kostenkov, A. E.
name: Shablovinskaya, E. S.
name: Goktas, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Archival {\it XMM-Newton}, {\it Chandra} and {\it Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} data have been used to study the X-ray and optical properties of two candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in NGC\,4536. In order to search for potential optical counterparts, relative astrometry between {\it Chandra} and {\it HST} was improved, and as a result, optical counterparts were detected for both X-ray sources. To complement our findings (based on the archival data), ground-based optical spectra of the counterparts were obtained with the 6m BTA Telescope located at the Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO). The calculated redshift (z = 0.4391$\pm$0.0010) for one of the sources (X-3) indicates that the source is, in fact, a background active galactic nucleus (AGN). Two possible optical counterparts (s1 and s2) were found for X-2. Whether s1 is point-like or an extended source is unclear: If it is point-like and the emission is dominated by the donor its spectral type indicates O-B star. The second source (s2) is point-like and is consistent with the colors and absolute magnitudes of a red supergiant.
description: 10 pages, 9 figure; Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Jet quenching within a hybrid strong/weak coupling approach
Creators: name: Casalderrey-Solana, J.
name: Gulhan, D. C.
name: Milhano, J. G.
name: Pablos, D.
name: Rajagopal, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel hybrid model for jet quenching, including both strong and weak coupling physics where each seems appropriate. Branching in the parton shower is assumed to be perturbative and described by DGLAP evolution, while interactions with the medium result in each parton in the shower losing energy as at strong coupling, as realized holographically. The medium-modified parton shower is embedded into a hydrodynamic evolution of hot QCD plasma and confronted with LHC jet data.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, Quark Matter 2014 proceedings
Tessaracoccus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads, isolated from activated sludge biomass
Creators: name: Maszenan, A. M
name: Seviour, R. J
name: Patel, B. K. C
name: Schumann, P
name: Rees, G. N
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

An isolate of a Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain Ben 106(T), was obtained in pure culture by micromanipulation of a biomass sample obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. This isolate grew axenically as cocci or clusters of cocci arranged in regular tetrads and was morphologically similar to the dominant organism observed in the biomass. This morphology resembled that of some Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and the so-called 'G-bacteria' commonly seen in activated sludge samples. Strain Ben 106(T) is a non-motile, facultative anaerobe. It is oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and is capable of reducing nitrate. This organism can grow between 20 and 37 degrees C, with an optimum temperature of 25 degrees C. The pH range for growth is between 6.0 and 9.0, with an optimum pH of 7.5. The isolate stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is LL-diaminopimelic acid (LL-A(2)pm) with a glycine moiety at position 1 of the peptide subunit, which characterizes the presence of a rare peptidoglycan (type A3-gamma'). Two menaquinones, MK-9(H-4) and MK-7(H-4), are present and the main cellular fatty acid is 12-methyltetradecanoic acid. The G+C content is 74 mol%. From phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the isolate differed sufficiently from its closest phylogenetic relatives, namely Propionibacterium propionicum, Propioniferax innocua, Friedmanniella antarctica, Luteococcus japonicus and Microlunatus phosphovorus in the A1 subdivision of the Gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Firmicutes with a high G+C content), suborder Propionibacterineae, to be placed in a new genus, Tessaracoccus, as Tessaracoccus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is Ben 106(T) (= ACM 5119(T)).
Additional file 2 of The SCRIPT trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Creators: name: Saya, Sibel
name: Boyd, Lucy
name: Chondros, Patty
name: McNamara, Mairead
name: King, Michelle
name: Milton, Shakira
name: Lourenco, Richard De Abreu
name: Clark, Malcolm
name: Fishman, George
name: Marker, Julie
name: Ostroff, Cheri
name: Allman, Richard
name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Buchanan, Daniel
name: Winship, Ingrid
name: McIntosh, Jennifer
name: Macrae, Finlay
name: Jenkins, Mark
name: Emery, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. Example colorectal cancer risk report and screening recommendations for a participant’s GP at moderate risk in the SCRIPT study.
Using xCAT and Git to Manage Node Software Consistency and DevOPs
Creators: name: Mickens, Ross
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Penn State ICDS has deployed a new HPC environment, Roar Collab, using xCAT as the bare metal manager. By combining features of objects and script definitions from xCAT with a Git Repository, ICDS maintains node software consistency that is accessible to a broader set of administrators with a fast and low learning curve. This proposal will present a review of how we used Open-Source software to implement DevOps to stand up and manage bare metal nodes and deploy stateless OS images. We will discuss in detail how we use GIT to maintain the nodes' firmware, drivers, and software. We will discuss how these have enabled administration without the in-depth familiarity of the xCAT deployment, thus allowing more team members to contribute. We know of other deployments using a similar method to maintain software consistency across nodes. We will detail the differences and discuss the pros and cons of the methods.
Targeted PRINT Hydrogels: The Role of Nanoparticle Size and Ligand Density on Cell Association, Biodistribution, and Tumor Accumulation
Creators: name: Reuter, Kevin G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In this Letter, we varied targeting ligand density of an EGFR binding affibody on the surface of two different hydrogel PRINT nanoparticles (80 nm × 320 and 55 nm × 60 nm) and monitored effects on target-cell association, off-target phagocytic uptake, biodistribution, and tumor accumulation. Interestingly, variations in ligand density only significantly altered in vitro internalization rates for the 80 nm × 320 nm particle. However, in vivo, both particle sizes experienced significant changes in biodistribution and pharmacokinetics as a function of ligand density. Overall, nanoparticle size and passive accumulation were the dominant factors eliciting tumor sequestration.
The distribution patterns of dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) along the Kiewa River, Australia, and their relevance in conservation assessment
Creators: name: Hawking, J. H
name: New, T. R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Sampling of larval and adult Odonata from 16 sites along the Kiewa River, Victoria, yielded 34 species: 10 Zygoptera, 24 Anisoptera. Patterns of larval and adult incidence were appraised, and showed that most species were restricted in incidence to several consecutive sites along the river, and that there is clear distinction also between the faunas of the potamon, rhithron and eucrenon regions. Different species of some genera of Anisoptera displayed different zonational distributions, and patterns of incidence and relative abundance of larvae and adults confirmed zonational occupancy. For larvae, these distribution patterns transcended the mode of collection, although many species were found most abundantly in one microhabitat or by one of several sampling methods employed at each site. Sampling of the two stages separately showed considerable concurrence of distributional patterns, so that either stage alone may provide data of value in faunal and conservation assessment.
Processing of hydroxylamine, NH2OH, an important prebiotic precursor, on interstellar ices
Creators: name: Molpeceres, Gerán
name: Rivilla, Víctor. M.
name: Furuya, Kenji
name: Kästner, Johannes
name: Maté, Belén
name: Aikawa, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydroxylamine, NH2OH, is one of the already detected interstellar molecules with the highest prebiotic potential. Yet, the abundance of this molecule found by astronomical observations is rather low for a relatively simple molecule, $\sim$ 10$^{-10}$ relative to H2. This seemingly low abundance can be rationalized by destruction routes operating on interstellar dust grains. In this work, we tested the viability of this hypothesis under several prisms, finding that the origin of a lower abundance of \ce{NH2OH} can be explained by two chemical processes, one operating at low temperature (10 K) and the other at intermediate temperature (20 K). At low temperatures, enabling the hydrogen abstraction reaction HNO + H -> NO + H2, even in small amounts, partially inhibits the formation of NH2OH through successive hydrogenation of NO, and reduces its abundance on the grains. We found that enabling a 15--30 % of binding sites for this reaction results in reductions of \ce{NH2OH} abundance of $\sim$ 1-2 orders of magnitude. At warmer temperatures (20 K, in our study), the reaction NH2OH + H -> HNOH + H2, which was found to be fast (k$\sim$10$^{6}$ s$^{-1}$) in this work, followed by further abstractions by adsorbates that are immobile at 10 K (O, N) are the main route of \ce{NH2OH} destruction. Our results shed light on the abundance of hydroxylamine in space and pave the way to constraining the subsequent chemistry experienced by this molecule and its derivatives in the interstellar prebiotic chemistry canvas.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 3 of The SCRIPT trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Creators: name: Saya, Sibel
name: Boyd, Lucy
name: Chondros, Patty
name: McNamara, Mairead
name: King, Michelle
name: Milton, Shakira
name: Lourenco, Richard De Abreu
name: Clark, Malcolm
name: Fishman, George
name: Marker, Julie
name: Ostroff, Cheri
name: Allman, Richard
name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Buchanan, Daniel
name: Winship, Ingrid
name: McIntosh, Jennifer
name: Macrae, Finlay
name: Jenkins, Mark
name: Emery, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3. Example colorectal cancer risk report and screening recommendations for a participant’s GP at moderate risk in the SCRIPT study.
Discovery of the linear energy-dependence of the spectral lag of X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154
Creators: name: Xiao, Shuo
name: Tuo, You-Li
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Xiong, Shao-Lin
name: Lin, Lin
name: Zhang, Yan-Qiu
name: Wang, Yue
name: Xue, Wang-Chen
name: Cai, Ce
name: Gao, He
name: Li, Cheng-Kui
name: Li, Xiao-Bo
name: Zheng, Chao
name: Liu, Jia-Cong
name: Wang, Ping
name: Wang, Jin
name: Peng, Wen-Xi
name: Liu, Cong Zhan
name: Li, Xin-Qiao
name: Wen, Xiang-Yang
name: An, Zheng-Hua
name: Song, Li-Ming
name: Zheng, Shi-Jie
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Dong, Ai-Jun
name: Xie, Wei
name: Feng, Jian-Chao
name: Ma, Qing-Bo
name: Wang, De-Hua
name: Luo, Xi-Hong
name: Dang, Shi-Jun
name: Shang, Lun-Hua
name: Zhi, Qi-Jun
name: Li, Ti-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral lag of the low-energy photons with respect to the high-energy ones is a common astrophysical phenomenon (such as Gamma-ray bursts and the Crab pulsar) and may serve as a key probe to the underlying radiation mechanism. However, spectral lag in keV range of the magnetar bursts has not been systematically studied yet. In this work, we perform a detailed spectral lag analysis with the Li-CCF method for SGR J1935+2154 bursts observed by {\it Insight}-HXMT, GECAM and Fermi/GBM from July 2014 to Jan 2022. We discover that the spectral lags of about 61\% (non-zero significance >1$σ$) bursts from SGR J1935+2154 are linearly dependent on the photon energy ($E$) with $t_{\rm lag}(E)=α(E/{\rm keV})+C$, which may be explained by a linear change of the temperature of the blackbody-emitting plasma with time. The distribution of the slope ($α$) approximately follows a Gaussian function with mean and standard deviation of 0.02 ms/keV (i.e. high-energy photons arrive earlier) and 0.02 ms/keV, respectively. We also find that the distribution can be well fitted with three Gaussians with mean values of $\sim$ -0.009, 0.013 and 0.039 ms/keV, which may correspond to different origins of the bursts. These spectral lag features may have important implications on the magnetar bursts.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Scherk-Schwarz Supersymmetry Breaking in 4D
Creators: name: Craig, Nathaniel
name: Lou, Hou Keong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the techniques of dimensional deconstruction, we present 4D models that fully reproduce the physics of 5D supersymmetric theories compactified on an S^1/Z_2 orbifold with general Scherk-Schwarz supersymmetry breaking (SSSB) boundary conditions. In contrast to previous approaches, our deconstruction involves only soft supersymmetry breaking. Deconstruction preserves many of the attractive features of SSSB without the cumbersome architecture of a full fifth dimension, ambiguity of the ultraviolet completion, or challenges associated with stabilizing a large radius of compactification. We proceed to deconstruct various five-dimensional models featuring Scherk-Schwarz boundary conditions, including folded supersymmetry.
description: 21 pages with appendices, 6 figures
Anthracycline nano-delivery systems to overcome multiple drug resistance: A comprehensive review
Creators: name: Ma, Ping
name: Mumper, Russell J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin) are very effective chemotherapeutic drugs to treat many cancers; however, the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major limitations for their clinical applications. Nano-delivery systems have emerged as the novel cancer therapeutics to overcome MDR. Up until now, many anthracycline nano-delivery systems have been developed and reported to effectively circumvent MDR both in-vitro and in-vivo, and some of these systems have even advanced to clinical trials, such as the HPMA-doxorubicin (HPMA-DOX) conjugate. Doxil, a DOX PEGylated liposome formulation, was developed and approved by FDA in 1995. Unfortunately, this formulation does not address the MDR problem. In this comprehensive review, more than ten types of developed anthracycline nano-delivery systems to overcome MDR and their proposed mechanisms are covered and discussed, including liposomes; polymeric micelles, conjugate and nanoparticles; peptide/protein conjugates; solid-lipid, magnetic, gold, silica, and cyclodextrin nanoparticles; and carbon nanotubes.
The effects of sediment desiccation on the potential for nitrification, denitrification, and methanogenesis in an Australian reservoir
Creators: name: Mitchell, A. M
name: Baldwin, D. S
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Sediments from an Australian reservoir were selected for varying degrees of in situ desiccation (i.e. non-desiccated, partially desiccated and desiccated). Sediment samples were then chemically amended with appropriate electron donors and acceptors to ascertain the effect of sediment desiccation on the potential for nitrification, denitrification, methanogenesis, and the interaction of these processes. There was no detectable nitrification in these sediments yet up to 75% of added nitrate was converted to dinitrogen. Denitrification was predominantly limited by nitrate although there was evidence of carbon co-limitation. None of the nitrogen cycle processes were notably affected by sediment desiccation. There was no flush of mineral nitrogen from desiccated sediments upon rewetting. Methanogenesis did not begin in these sediments until nitrate concentrations fell below 2.25 * 10-5 M. Methanogenesis was always carbon limited. Methanogens were affected by sediment desiccation but were capable of recovery over time upon rewetting of sediments.
Gonality of Random Graphs
Creators: name: Deveau, Andrew
name: Jensen, David
name: Kainic, Jenna
name: Mitropolsky, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T05, 14H51, 05C80

description: We show that the expected gonality of a random graph is asymptotic to the number of vertices.
description: 4 pages
Additional file 4 of The SCRIPT trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Creators: name: Saya, Sibel
name: Boyd, Lucy
name: Chondros, Patty
name: McNamara, Mairead
name: King, Michelle
name: Milton, Shakira
name: Lourenco, Richard De Abreu
name: Clark, Malcolm
name: Fishman, George
name: Marker, Julie
name: Ostroff, Cheri
name: Allman, Richard
name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Buchanan, Daniel
name: Winship, Ingrid
name: McIntosh, Jennifer
name: Macrae, Finlay
name: Jenkins, Mark
name: Emery, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4. SCRIPT study consent form.
Nanoparticles for cancer imaging: The good, the bad, and the promise
Creators: name: Joshi, Amit
name: Weaver, John B.
name: Stern, Stephan
name: Chapman, Sandra
name: Woloschak, Gayle
name: Singh, Ravi
name: Lee, Hakho
name: Rao, Jianghong
name: Goodwin, Andrew
name: Pomper, Martin
name: Dobrovolskaia, Marina
name: Farahani, Keyvan
name: Meade, Thomas
name: Sridhar, Srinivas
name: Ptak, Krzysztof
name: Wang, Andrew
name: Yang, Lily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Recent advances in molecular imaging and nanotechnology are providing new opportunities for biomedical imaging with great promise for the development of novel imaging agents. The unique optical, magnetic, and chemical properties of materials at the scale of nanometers allow the creation of imaging probes with better contrast enhancement, increased sensitivity, controlled biodistribution, better spatial and temporal information, multi-functionality and multi-modal imaging across MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound. These features could ultimately translate to clinical advantages such as earlier detection, real time assessment of disease progression and personalized medicine. However, several years of investigation into the application of these materials to cancer research has revealed challenges that have delayed the successful application of these agents to the field of biomedical imaging. Understanding these challenges is critical to take full advantage of the benefits offered by nano-sized imaging agents. Therefore, this article presents the lessons learned and challenges encountered by a group of leading researchers in this field, and suggests ways forward to develop nanoparticle probes for cancer imaging. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Concept of entropy in the realm of charged particle beams
Creators: name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic phenomena occurring within charged particle beams can be handled using the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck generalization of the Vlasov equation. In particular, this non-deterministic approach can deal with effects due to Coulomb scattering between the beam particles. Moreover, stochastic phenomena also occur in computer simulations of charged particle beams. Both processes -- although different in their physical nature -- can be described by the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation, as in both cases the underlying stochastic process can be classified as a Markov process. This description is applied to beams in periodic focusing systems. We derive an equation relating the change of the $μ$-phase space entropy to the change of rms-emittance and ``temperature weighted excess field energy''. This equation enables us both to improve our capability to interpret the results of computer simulations, as well as to identify the conditions needed to minimize scattering induced degradation of the quality of beams circulating in storage rings.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Optimisation of an idealised ocean model, stochastic parameterisation of sub-grid eddies
Creators: name: Cooper, Fenwick C.
name: Zanna, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optimisation scheme is developed to accurately represent the sub-grid scale forcing of a high dimensional chaotic ocean system. Using a simple parameterisation scheme, the velocity components of a 30km resolution shallow water ocean model are optimised to have the same climatological mean and variance as that of a less viscous 7.5km resolution model. The 5 day lag-covariance is also optimised, leading to a more accurate estimate of the high resolution response to forcing using the low resolution model. The system considered is an idealised barotropic double gyre that is chaotic at both resolutions. Using the optimisation scheme, we find and apply the constant in time, but spatially varying, forcing term that is equal to the time integrated forcing of the sub-mesoscale eddies. A linear stochastic term, independent of the large-scale flow, with no spatial correlation but a spatially varying amplitude and time scale is used to represent the transient eddies. The climatological mean, variance and 5 day lag-covariance of the velocity from a single high resolution integration is used to provide an optimisation target. No other high resolution statistics are required. Additional programming effort, for example to build a tangent linear or adjoint model, is not required either. The focus of this paper is on the optimisation scheme and the accuracy of the optimised flow. The method can be applied in future investigations into the physical processes that govern barotropic turbulence and it can perhaps be applied to help understand and correct biases in the mean and variance of a more realistic coarse or eddy-permitting ocean model. The method is complementary to current parameterisations and can be applied at the same time without modification.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, submitted for publication
Variational approach for a class of cooperative systems
Creators: name: Alvarez-Caudevilla, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K40, 35K50, 35K57, 35K65

description: The aim of this work is to ascertain the characterization of the existence of coexistence states for a class of cooperative systems supported by the study of an associated non--local equation through classical variational methods. Thanks to those results we are able to obtain the blow--up behaviour of the solutions in the whole domain for certain values of the main continuation parameter.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Co-Condensed Gadolinium Chelates for Multimodal Imaging
Creators: name: Rocca, Joseph Della
name: Lin, Wenbin
name: Taylor-Pashow, Kathryn M. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Several mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) contrast agents have been synthesized using a co-condensation method to incorporate two different Gd3+ complexes at very high loadings (15.5–28.8 wt %). These MSN contrast agents, with an MCM-41 type pore structure, were characterized using a variety of methods including SEM and TEM, nitrogen adsorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), direct current plasma (DCP) spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivities of these contrast agents were determined using a 3 T MR scanner. The r1 relaxivities of these nanoparticles range from 4.1 to 8.4 mM−1s−1 on a per Gd basis. Additionally, the MSN particles were functionalized with an organic fluorophore and cancer cell targeting peptide to allow for demonstration of both the optical and MR contrast enhancing capabilities in vitro.
On the brink of a second financial system: modelling and mitigating risk in decentralised finance
Creators: name: Gudgeon, Lewis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: This thesis focuses on risk and fragility within Decentralised Finance (DeFi). This thesis presents new evidence on the interconnected and fragile nature of DeFi protocols and develops an approach to mitigate risk in DeFi that relies upon redundancy. Within this context, our contributions are threefold. Firstly, we focus on a subset of DeFi protocols: Protocols for Loanable Funds (PLFs). PLFs use smart contract code to facilitate the intermediation of loanable funds and, in doing so, allow agents to borrow and save programmatically. Within these protocols, interest rate mechanisms seek to equilibrate the supply and demand for funds. After reviewing methodologies used to set interest rates in PLFs and examining how these interest rate rules have changed in response to changes in liquidity, our main contribution is to model the market efficiency and inter-connectedness between protocols. Second, we make two contributions by focusing on one particular DeFi protocol, MakerDAO’s DAI. The first is to examine how governance system design weaknesses could enable an attacker to take complete control of the protocol. We present a novel strategy utilising flash loans that enables the execution of a governance attack in just two transactions without locking any assets. Second, we develop a stress-testing framework for a stylised DeFi lending protocol, focusing on the impact of a drying-up of liquidity on protocol solvency. Our third contribution is to develop an approach to minimising the frequency and severity of exploits in DeFi attacks. The idea is to implement a program logic more than once, ideally using different programming languages. Then, for each implementation, the results should match before allowing the state of the blockchain to change. We provide a novel algorithm for implementing dissimilar redundancy for smart contracts. Taking these contributions together, this thesis presents new methods for modelling and mea- suring financial risk in DeFi, and — focussing on smart contract risk alone — develops an approach to mitigating it.
Multinomial and empirical likelihood under convex constraints: directions of recession, Fenchel duality, perturbations
Creators: name: Grendár, Marian
name: Špitalský, Vladimír
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H12, 62H17 (Primary) 90C46 (Secondary)

description: The primal problem of multinomial likelihood maximization restricted to a convex closed subset of the probability simplex is studied. Contrary to widely held belief, a solution of this problem may assign a positive mass to an outcome with zero count. Related flaws in the simplified Lagrange and Fenchel dual problems, which arise because the recession directions are ignored, are identified and corrected. A solution of the primal problem can be obtained by the PP (perturbed primal) algorithm, that is, as the limit of a sequence of solutions of perturbed primal problems. The PP algorithm may be implemented by the simplified Fenchel dual. The results permit us to specify linear sets and data such that the empirical likelihood-maximizing distribution exists and is the same as the multinomial likelihood-maximizing distribution. The multinomial likelihood ratio reaches, in general, a different conclusion than the empirical likelihood ratio. Implications for minimum discrimination information, compositional data analysis, Lindsay geometry, bootstrap with auxiliary information, and Lagrange multiplier tests are discussed.
Additional file 1 of PEG@ Carbon Nanotubes Composite as an Effective Nanocarrier of Ixazomib for Myeloma Cancer Therapy
Creators: name: Elgamal, Hanady A.
name: Mohamed, Samah Abdelsabour
name: Farghali, Ahmed A.
name: Hassan, Abeer M. E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1s. (a), (b) and (c) are TEM images of CNT bundles. (d) is an enlargement of region in (a) indicating a clear image of CNTs bundles at 100 nm. (e) and (f) are enlarged again in revealing that the CNTs are multi-walled. Fig. S2s. (a) (b). Fig. S3s. Figure 4. A diagram represents the process of drug loading to PEGylated MWCNTs. Fig. S4s. HPLC Chromatogram of Ixazomib Citrate Standard and Supernatant.
Silver nanoparticles do not influence stem cell differentiation but cause minimal toxicity
Creators: name: Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A
name: Samberg, Meghan E
name: Loboa, Elizabeth G
name: Oldenburg, Steven J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: To evaluate the toxicity and cellular uptake of both undifferentiated and differentiated human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) exposed to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and to assess their effect on hASC differentiation.
Evolution of binary stars in the early evolutionary phases of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Livernois, Alexander R.
name: Vesperini, Enrico
name: Pavlík, Václav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of binary stars provides a unique avenue to gather insight into the study of the structure and dynamics of star clusters and galaxies. In this paper, we present the results of a set of $N$-body simulations aimed at exploring the evolution of binary stars during the early evolutionary phases of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFD). In our simulations, we assume that the stellar component of the UFD is initially dynamically cold and evolves towards its final equilibrium after undergoing the violent relaxation phase. We show that the early evolutionary phases of the UFD significantly enhance the disruption of wide binaries and leave their dynamical fingerprints on the semi-major axis distribution of the surviving binaries as compared to models initially in equilibrium. An initially thermal eccentricity distribution is preserved except for the widest binaries for which it evolves towards a superthermal distribution; for a binary population with an initially uniform eccentricity distribution, memory of this initial distribution is rapidly lost for most binaries as wider binaries evolve to approach a thermal/superthermal distribution. The evolution of binaries is driven both by tidal effects due to the potential of the UFD dark matter halo and collisional effects associated to binary-binary/single star encounters. Collisional effects are particularly important within the clumpy substructure characterizing the system during its early evolution; in addition to enhancing binary ionization and evolution of the binary orbital parameters, encounters may lead to exchanges of either of the primordial binary components with one of the interacting stars.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Biotargeted nanomedicines for cancer: six tenets before you begin
Creators: name: Mumper, Russell J
name: Patri, Anil K
name: Uckun, Fatih M
name: Hall, Jennifer B
name: Bulte, Jeff WM
name: Akin, Demir
name: Goldberg, Michael S
name: Cryns, Vincent L
name: Gharkholo, Nastaran
name: Wang, Andrew Z
name: Hanes, Justin
name: Hook, Sara S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Biotargeted nanomedicines have captured the attention of academic and industrial scientists who have been motivated by the theoretical possibilities of the ‘magic bullet’ that was first conceptualized by Paul Ehrlich at the beginning of the 20th century. The Biotargeting Working Group, consisting of more than 50 pharmaceutical scientists, engineers, biologists and clinicians, has been formed as part of the National Cancer Institute’s Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer to harness collective wisdom in order to tackle conceptual and practical challenges in developing biotargeted nanomedicines for cancer. In modern science and medicine, it is impossible for any individual to be an expert in every aspect of biology, chemistry, materials science, pharmaceutics, toxicology, chemical engineering, imaging, physiology, oncology and regulatory affairs. Drawing on the expertise of leaders from each of these disciplines, this commentary highlights six tenets of biotargeted cancer nanomedicines in order to enable the translation of basic science into clinical practice.
The influence of light and nutrients on buoyancy, filament aggregation and flotation of Anabaena circinalis
Creators: name: Brookes, Justin D
name: Ganf, George G
name: Green, Damian
name: Whittington, John
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

At Chaffey Dam, New South Wales, Australia, Anabaena circinalis filaments accumulated at the surface as diurnal surface layer thermal stratification developed. Previously buoyant, homogeneously distributed colonies accumulated in the top 2 m, but a proportion lost buoyancy. Similarly, a percentage of A.circinalis suspended in bottles lost buoyancy at depths experiencing >30% surface irradiance (Io). Nutrient addition reduced the proportion of filaments that lost buoyancy following a full day of high irradiance. The greatest axial linear dimension (GALD) was measured for A.circinalis deployed in bottles at three depths in the reservoir. GALD increased in samples exposed to 1 and 30% Io by the following day. The rank order of GALD from smallest to largest grouped samples exposed to 70, 30 and 1% Io, suggesting that increasing GALD is a function of irradiance. The increased GALD of biomass units was attributed to aggregation of filaments in low light. The enlargement of biomass units increased the mean floating velocity, supporting the theory that filament aggregation may be a strategy, utilized by light-limited filaments, to increase light exposure. High irradiance increased the carbohydrate content of cells and decreased the floating velocity of filaments.
Off-axis retrieval of orbital angular momentum of light stored in cold atoms
Creators: name: de Oliveira, R. A.
name: Pruvost, L.
name: Barbosa, P. S.
name: Martins, W. S.
name: Barreiro, S.
name: Felinto, D.
name: Bloch, D.
name: Tabosa, J. W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the storage of orbital angu- lar momentum (OAM) of light of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and its re- trieval along an axis different from the incident light beam. We employed a time-delayed four-wave mixing configuration to demonstrate that at small angle (2o), after storage, the retrieved beam carries the same OAM as the one encoded in the input beam. A calculation based on mode decomposition of the retrieved beam over the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is in agreement with the experimental observations done at small angle values. However, the calculation shows that the OAM retrieving would get lost at larger angles, reducing the fidelity of such storing-retrieving process. In addition, we have also observed that by applying an external magnetic field to the atomic ensemble the retrieved OAM presents Larmor oscillations, demonstrating the possibility of its manipulation and off-axis retrieval.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: The Effects of Electron Irradiation on MOSFETs
Creators: name: Skeldon, Mark D.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1977

description: The characteristics of n and p-channel MOSFETs have been investigated while irradiated with electron radiation from Strontium 9Ø. The drain current vs. gate voltage of the p-channel MOSFET and the threshold voltage changes in n and p-channel MOSFETs have been studied with and without aluminum shielding. The switching characteristics and threshold voltage changes of COS/MOS dual input NAND gates have been investigated while exposed to electron radiation. Various methods of annealing the radiation damage to these devices is discussed.
Plasma, tumor and tissue pharmacokinetics of Docetaxel delivered via nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes in mice bearing SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma xenograft
Creators: name: Walsh, Mark D.
name: Bridges, Arlene S.
name: Rawal, Sumit
name: Hasan, Warefta
name: Kuijer, Jennifer L.
name: Enlow, Elizabeth M.
name: Chu, Kevin S.
name: Luft, J. Christopher
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Zamboni, William C.
name: Napier, Mary E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The particle fabrication technique PRINT® was used to fabricate monodisperse size and shape specific poly(lactide-co-glycolide) particles loaded with the chemotherapeutic Docetaxel. The pharmacokinetics of two cylindrical shaped particles with diameter=80nm; height=320nm (PRINT-Doc-80×320) and d=200nm; h=200nm (PRINT-Doc-200×200) were compared to Docetaxel in mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma SKOV-3 flank xenografts. The Docetaxel plasma exposure was ~20-fold higher for both particles compared to docetaxel. Additionally, the volume of distribution (Vd) of Docetaxel in PRINT formulations was ~18-fold (PRINT-Doc-80×320) and ~33-fold (PRINT-Doc-200×200) lower than Docetaxel. The prolonged duration of Docetaxel in plasma when dosed with PRINT formulations subsequently lead to increased tumor exposure of Docetaxel from 0-168 hours (~53% higher for PRINT-Doc-80×320 and ~76% higher for PRINT-Doc-200×200 particles). PRINT-Doc-80×320 had lower exposures in the liver, spleen and lung compared with PRINT-Doc-200×200. Thus, the use of particles with smaller feature size may be preferred to decrease clearance by organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system.