cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Test Fairness in Second Language Assessment
Creators: name: Banerjee, Heidi Liu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Ability testing
Language and languages--Ability testing--Evaluation
Fairness
Applied linguistics

description: Fairness, an essential quality of a test, has been broadly defined as equitable treatment of all test-takers during the testing process, absence of measurement bias, equitable access to the constructs being measured, and justifiable validity of test score interpretation for the intended purpose(s) (AREA, APA, & NCME, 2014). Given that test fairness is closely related to the interpretations and uses of test scores as well as the claims made from those interpretations and uses, it is critical to obtain and weigh validity evidence to support or refute the score interpretations, their uses, and the potential socio-political consequences in order to evaluate fairness (Chalhoub-Deville, 2015; Haertel & Herman, 2005; McNamara & Roever, 2006). The purpose of this article is to describe how test fairness has been conceptualized in second language assessment through the lens of validity theories. First, I will describe construct- and interpretive-argument-based validity theories and how they accommodate the integration of test fairness. Then, following Xi (2010), three major approaches to conceptualizing test fairness in relation to validity will be discussed. As observed by Xi (2010), all three major approaches share a common caveat in that they do not provide concrete steps to prioritize evidence in fairness investigations. In an attempt to build a more comprehensive fairness argument that allows for systematic investigation of test fairness, Xi (2010) proposes a new approach to conceptualizing fairness within a validity framework. Her contribution to the understanding of fairness issues in language testing will be presented as part of the conclusion of this article.
Growing a Diverse and InclusiveWorkflow Ecosystem with CWL
Creators: name: Zaranek, Sarah
name: Amstutz, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: CWL
CZI
EOSS
Diversity
FOSS

description: Curii Corporation is a women-led company with a strong commitment to diversity, parity, and inclusion. This proposal will support the hiring and managing of a full time software engineer (“community engineer”) to support new and existing CWL community members with a focus on systematically underrepresented groups in open source software. With the work of the community engineer, the team aims to better support underrepresented communities and make our community and project more inclusive by focusing on three major topics: (1) directing and mentoring internships focused on those who face underrepresentation, bias, or discrimination in the open source community, (2) updating existing code repositories and materials to make them more “user friendly” to new contributors, and (3) performing a large-scale assessment on the current state of diversity of the project and developing recommendations on improvement.
Treatment with Botulinum Neurotoxin Improves Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Patients with Upper Limb Tremor
Creators: name: Kreisler, Alexandre
name: Bouchain, Benoîte
name: Defebvre, Luc
name: Krystkowiak, Pierre
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Tremor
Botulinum toxin--Therapeutic use
Quality of life
Neurology

description: Background: Botulinum neurotoxin’s degree of effectiveness on upper limb tremor is subject to debate; although this treatment reduces the tremor’s amplitude, a clear functional benefit has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment on activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with upper limb tremor. Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of 50 consecutive patients treated with botulinum neurotoxin for upper limb tremor that was refractory to oral medication. One month after the injection, the patient was evaluated according to the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire, and the Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment. Results: Full data sets were available for 38 patients suffering variously from essential tremor (n = 21), Holmes tremor secondary to a focal brain lesion (n = 8), idiopathic dystonic tremor (n = 4), primary writing tremor (n = 4), and Parkinson’s disease (n = 1). The Quality of Life Essential Tremor Questionnaire and the Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment scores improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the study population as a whole, and in the essential tremor and Holmes tremor subgroups. Discussion: Botulinum neurotoxin treatment of patients with upper limb tremor is associated with improved quality of life and activities of daily living, irrespective of the tremor’s etiology. Long-term treatment enables the physician to adjust the injection strategy to the patient’s needs. Our study was limited by its retrospective design. The results must therefore be confirmed in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
Is Restless Legs Syndrome Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality? A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Creators: name: Cubo, Esther
name: Gallego-Nieto, Cesar
name: Elizari-Roncal, Miren
name: Barroso-Perez, Teresa
name: Collazo, Carla
name: Calvo, Sara
name: Delgado-López, Pedro-David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Restless legs syndrome
Mortality
Epidemiology
Sleep disorders
Cohort analysis
Neurology

description: Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder,. although controversial, growing evidence relates the presence of RLS to an increased risk of mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular events. The aim of this article was to review the role of RLS as a risk factor of mortality according to independent cohort studies. Methods: We performed a literature review via PubMed database for articles relating RLS and mortality. We used the random-effects model to calculate the pooled effect estimates on mortality. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: Out of 100 articles identified, 13 were finally included. Although studies were heterogeneous (p = 0.001), no significant publication bias was found. When all cohort studies were considered, the random-effects model yielded a significantly increased risk of mortality in RLS versus non-RLS patients (13 studies, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.80). However, this association was not statistically significant when only cohort studies using the international RLS diagnostic criteria were considered (5 studies, HR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.94–2.81). Discussion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RLS seems to be a risk factor of mortality, although this association is conditioned by the diagnostic criteria used in the studies. Future long-term follow-up standardized mortality studies are needed to address this important question that carries potential impact on population global health.
title: New data on composition and structure of the Kara Sea ichthyofauna
Creators: name: Dolgov, A.V.
name: Smirnov, O.V.
name: Drevetnyak, K.V.
name: Chetyrkina, O. Yu.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session E
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The Kara Sea is one of the northern Eurasian seas, which is completely covered by ice almost throughout the year. This peculiarity limits research activity in this area to a great extent and explains rather poor knowledge on composition and structure of the Kara Sea ichthyofauna. Only a few marine expeditions were conducted in the Kara Sea during the XX century. Comparatively comfortable ice conditions caused by recent warming period in the North Atlantic allowed taking observations in the Kara Sea and adjacent areas of the northeastern Barents Sea in summer period 2007-2008. New data on species composition and fish community structure of the Kara Sea were obtained from demersal and pelagic trawls. Totally 46 species were found in catches, including 5 new species for this area (Arctozenus risso, Benthosema glaciale, Myctophum punctatum, as well as commercially important deepwater redfish and Greenland halibut). So, the recent Kara Sea ichthyofauna list includes 70 fish species. Coldwater arctic species dominated the fish community. The most abundant species are polar cod Boreogadus saida and Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides. In addition, a number of non-target species such as Liparis fabricii, Lycodes pallidus, Triglops nybelini, Leptagonus decagonus, Gymnacanthus tricuspis and Liparis gibbus are abundant. Our results were compared to previous investigations
The influence of individual lattice defects on the domain structure in magnetic antidot lattices
Creators: name: Hu, X. K.
name: Sievers, S.
name: Müller, A.
name: Schumacher, H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically and experimentally investigate the influence of single defects consisting of a missing antidot on the spin configurations in rectangular permalloy antidot lattices. The introduction of such lattice defects leads to the nucleation of complex domain structures after the decay of a saturating magnetic field. Micromagnetic simulations yield four typical domain configurations around the defect having distinct energy densities. The existence of the four spin configurations is confirmed by magnetic force microscopy on antidot lattices containing individual defects.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
title: A shift in a hake (Merluccius merluccius) population of the NW Mediterranean inducedby a combined effect of climate and fishery harvesting
Creators: name: Hidalgo, Manuel
name: Rouyer, Tristan
name: Massutí, Enric
name: Moranta, Joan
name: Guijarro, Beatriz
name: Stenseth, Nils Christian
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Climate and fisheries are often interacting with each other and producing complex synergic effects on the population dynamics of marine species. The drastic change in the climatic conditions in the North Atlantic (NA) in the early eighties triggered changes in local weather and hydrographical conditions in the Mediterranean Sea. In the other hand, the long term fishery harvesting on the stock of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) off the Balearic Islands (BA, NW Mediterranean) changed the properties of the population and its structure in the early eighties, which could have triggered a different response to the environmental variability. Using time series analysis (on the environmental and hake CPUE time series) and a population simulation model, we examine the hypothesis that these processes are linked and, in turn, a combined effect of fishery harvesting and environmental changes in the NA induced an ecological shift in the hake population off BA. The results points out that the changes in the variance and modes of hake CPUE were consistent with changes in the hydroclimatic variability in the NW Mediterranean induced by the North Atlantic climate. Population simulations show that age-structured populations act like a filter of the environmental fluctuations and can intrinsically generate cycles (‘cohort-resonance effect’) consistent with the 12 yr mode observed in the CPUE before the eighties. Size selective fishing mortality could erode the age structure and change the population filter properties. The population would have changed from internally-generated fluctuations to an externally-forced fluctuations mode after the eighties, increasing its dependency on the recruitment variability. This fits with the observations which show the high dependency of the CPUE on the recruitment variability and the winter condition modes predominating after eighties. Our results emphasize the importance of the interaction between fisheries, environment and internal dynamics that can cause transitory shifts in the behaviour of a population.
The Bound State S-matrix of the Deformed Hubbard Chain
Creators: name: de Leeuw, Marius
name: Matsumoto, Takuya
name: Regelskis, Vidas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we use the q-oscillator formalism to construct the atypical (short) supersymmetric representations of the centrally extended Uq (su(2|2)) algebra. We then determine the S-matrix describing the scattering of arbitrary bound states. The crucial ingredient in this derivation is the affine extension of the aforementioned algebra.
description: 44 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor corrections
Ignoring Disadvantaged Students: Caveats of the ELA Regents Exam
Creators: name: Beltran, Jorge Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements--Validity
Second language acquisition
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Discrimination in education

description: The Comprehensive English Regents Exam, also referred to as the English Language Arts (ELA) Examination, is a widely used measure of student achievement in the K-12 system in New York, yet it is not without criticism. One concern is that the ELA Regents Exam may be contributing to the widening of the gap in graduation rates between English language learners (ELLs) and English-proficient students (NYSED, 2014b). This suggests a threat to the validity of the inferences made based on test scores. When considering the features of test design and the characteristics of the test’s diverse target population under an argument-based validity approach (Bachman, 2003, 2005; Kane, 1992, 2002), a mismatch between the intended consequences of test use and the actual effects on the involved stakeholders can be identified. The purpose of this commentary is to analyze possible threats to validity, with issues ranging from domain analysis and construct definition to test misuse from a language assessment perspective and to discuss the impact of the Regents Examination in ELA on newly-arrived ELLs.
title: Modeling the competition for food by flatfish speciesin the North Sea under varying climate regimes and fishing pressures
Creators: name: Van Kooten, T.
name: Van der zon, S.
name: Van Hal, R.
name: Lambers, R. Hille Ris
name: Hintzen, N.T.
name: Rijnsdorp, A.D.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A clear increase in average water temperature has been observed in recent decades in the North Sea. Simultaneously, a number of small demersal fish species like scaldfish (Arnoglossus Laterna) and solenette (Buglossidium luteum) have increased strongly in abundance in regions which were previously considered to be outside their temperature range. These species compete for resources with exploited flatfish populations such as plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), which can potentially lead to reduced availability of valuable flatfish resources. We develop a stage-structured model to study how the competition between these groups plays out under different scenarios of harvesting and climate change.
title: Aseptic Techniques Currently Used in Dental Hygiene Clinics Within Accredited Dental Hygiene Programs
Creators: name: Greenlee, Jan Shaner
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: The purpose of this survey was to assess the aseptic techniques currently used in 197 accredited dental hygiene programs in the United States. A self-designed, 51-item questionnaire examined the aseptic techniques used in: (1) preparation of the dental hygiene clinic and unit, (2) instrument preparation, (3) preparation of the student practitioner, (4) preparation of the patient, (5) preparation of radiographic equipment, and (6) treatment of the hepatitis patient.

The questionnaire and a letter of transmittal were mailed to the clinical supervisor of each accredited dental hygiene program. Data were obtained from 173 returned questionnaires and analyzed via modal and percentage responses for each item.

Data analysis suggests that dental hygiene programs are following some of the recommended aseptic procedures; however, in several areas of asepsis, discrepancies exist between what is recommended and what is being practiced.
title: The Interaction of Fisheries and Climate Change: Socioeconomic and Management Perspectives
Creators: name: Charles, Anthony
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Climate change, operating through related physical changes (e.g. sea level, ocean temperature) has biological implications (e.g. changes in primary productivity) which in turn produce direct impacts on human uses of the ocean (e.g., fishing, tourism, ports) and broader induced impacts on human society (e.g., social, economic, community). In fisheries, the effects of climate change are bound to interact with the effects of fishing, in their cumulative impacts on fish stocks, and on human aspects of the fishery system. It is important to recognize that the overall approach to, and the specific components of, fisheries management will have major effects on this interaction. Accordingly, this paper explores two main considerations. First, socioeconomic and behavioural aspects of fisheries need to be monitored in the face of climate change, as these will likely have strong management and assessment implications. Second, the need to address the combination of climate change and fishing as forcing factors in fisheries reinforces the necessity for adopting a broad-based precautionary approach to management decision making, and for re-designing management systems so that their structure and methods are more robust and adaptive.
Potential of Grow-out of Softshell Blue Crabs in Ponds Stocked with Juvenile Crabs
Creators: name: Posadas, Benedict C.
name: Posadas, Benedict C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economic feasibility
subject: pond culture
subject: soft blue crabs
subject: brackish water

description: Economic simulations were performed to guide the planning and managing of additional pilot experiments in softshell blue crab grow-out to maximize harvests and improve profitability. The potential costs and benefits are weighed in advance before implementing any planned changes. In making these simulations, the current information on softshell blue crab production is used. Simulations initially considered the cost of juvenile crabs as produced by private hatcheries and nurseries. Additional simulations cover the impacts of increasing survival rates and stocking density. Finally, simulations of discounted net annual cash inflows incorporated the wholesale prices of blue softshell crabs in the Mid-Atlantic markets.
Using Observations of Distant Quasars to Constrain Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Perlman, Eric S.
name: Ng, Y. Jack
name: Floyd, David J. E.
name: Christiansen, Wayne A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The small-scale nature of spacetime can be tested with observations of distant quasars. We comment on a recent paper by Tamburini et al. (A&A, 533, 71) which claims that Hubble Space Telescope observations of the most distant quasars place severe constraints on models of foamy spacetime. Methods. If space is foamy on the Planck scale, photons emitted from distant objects will accumulate uncertainties in distance and propagation directions thus affecting the expected angular size of a compact object as a function of redshift. We discuss the geometry of foamy spacetime, and the appropriate distance measure for calculating the expected angular broadening. We also address the mechanics of carrying out such a test. We draw upon our previously published work on this subject (Christiansen et al. 2011), which carried out similar tests as Tamburini et al. and also went considerably beyond their work in several respects. Results. When calculating the path taken by photons as they travel from a distant source to Earth, one must use the comoving distance rather than the luminosity distance. This then also becomes the appropriate distance to use when calculating the angular broadening expected in a distant source. The use of the wrong distance measure causes Tamburini et al. to overstate the constraints that can be placed on models of spacetime foam. In addition, we consider the impact of different ways of parametrizing and measuring the effects of spacetime foam. Given the variation of the shape of the point-spread function (PSF) on the chip, as well as observation-specific factors, it is important to select carefully -- and document -- the comparison stars used as well as the methods used to compute the Strehl ratio.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
title: Temperature-modified stock-recruitment relationships for Northwest Atlantic fish stocks, a metapopulation approach
Creators: name: Nye, Janet A.
name: Link, Jason S.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In a previous study, we documented poleward shifts in the distribution of many fish stocks that were correlated with large-scale oceanographic indices rather than changes in population abundance. However, shifts in spatial distribution varied spatially among stocks within a species and may have been exacerbated in heavily fish stocks. Stocks at the southern extent of their range experienced more dramatic movements than stocks at the northern extent of their range. We hypothesized that low recruitment in southern stocks relative to the northern stocks can at least partially explain the differences in spatial shifts observed within species. An analysis of stock-recruitment relationships among stocks within species that frequently occur in the US Northeast continental shelf ecosystem suggests that recruitment in southern stocks compared to northern stocks is as good (or better in some species). However, we developed and evaluated stockrecruitment relationships modified by environmental variables that can be used to improve stock assessment models. Including an environmental parameter improved the fit of these recruitment models, particularly in southern stocks, despite the penalty of an additional term and a possible additional source of variability. Incorporating an environmental variable into stock-recruitment relationships may be a promising method to consider the effects of fishing and the environment simultaneously, particularly as the effects of climate change continue to be a concern in management and policy
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the First Amendment: Section 1201’s Disruptive Effects on the Fair Use Doctrine
Creators: name: Taylor-Gutt, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Fair use (Copyright)
Copyright

description: Although the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not impede First Amendment rights directly, it does infringe on First Amendment rights indirectly as it impedes the functional operation of the right to fair use. Specifically, in the implementation of the anti-circumvention provision, the DMCA unfairly restricts fair use. The right to fair use is cited as one of the inherent balancers of First Amendment issues within the Copyright Clause thus, as the right to fair use is restricted under the DMCA, the current Copyright Clause creates challenges for the functional operation of First Amendment rights within copyright law.
title: Considering both fishing and climate in a model of the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay: what do we learn?
Creators: name: Guénette, Sylvie
name: Gascuel, Didier
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Using only fisheries effort, Ecosim predicted the general trend in landing and biomass for several demersal species such as hake, monkfish (figure 2, thick dark line), while large discrepancies occur for other species such as cod, sole, plaice and whiting. Ecosim predicted relatively stable biomass and low landings for pelagic species such as herring, sardine, anchovy and mackerel, suggesting that fishery mortalities are not sufficient to explain biomass trends and that the observed peaks are probably due to environmental variations rather than population dynamics alone. Ecosim cannot account for the observed decline in mackerel because the high initial biomass is due to the entry of very large cohorts in the population before 1975, the effect of which are still present in the early 1980s. Thus, fishing alone was not sufficient to have provoked the declined. The sum of squares (ss) reached 374 for the fishery alone scenario.
Structure of dimension-six derivative interactions in pseudo Nambu-Goldstone N Higgs doublet models
Creators: name: Kikuta, Yohei
name: Okada, Yasuhiro
name: Yamamoto, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the general structure of dimension-six derivative interactions in the N Higgs doublet models, where Higgs fields arise as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone modes of a strongly interacting sector. We show that there are several relations among the dimension-six operators, and therefore the number of independent operators decreases compared with models on which only SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y invariance is imposed. As an explicit example, we derive scattering amplitudes of longitudinal gauge bosons and Higgs bosons at high energy on models involving two Higgs doublets, and compare them with the amplitudes in the case of one Higgs doublet.
description: 49 pages, 10 figures
N=4 SYM model for soft interactions at high energy
Creators: name: Levin, E
name: Potashnikova, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we compare the prediction for high energy soft interactions in the model of N=4 SYM, with the experimental data. It is shown that this model is able to describe the total, elastic and inelastic cross sections and the elastic slope with only three free parameters. However, the model failed to obtain the cross sections for diffractive production, which was close to the experimental data, giving small values for them. We believe that the theory of N=4 SYM, of the order of $1/λ$ is needed to find the origin of large mass diffraction.
description: 14 pp, 10 figures in,eps files
title: Changes in the Barents Sea fish community induced by environmental change and fishery
Creators: name: Aschan, M.
name: Fossheim, M.
name: Primicerio, R.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session F
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A spatio-temporal analysis of Barents Sea survey data from the deeper parts of the Barents Sea shows a sudden change in fish community structure and abundance taking place in the mid 1980s and 1990s. The change in fish community structure is concomitant with climatic change and increasing fishing effort. Fishery may amplify the effects of climate forcing, and oppose recovery from the impact of climatic events. To characterize the effects of climate and fishery, survey trawl data, temperature data and log book data from the shrimp fishery are analyzed for the period 1980-2007. The climate regime shifts in the mid 80s and 90s with decline in North Atlantic Oscillation and temperature resulted in abrupt decline in fish abundance, decline in biodiversity and increase in pelagic demersal ratio. The shrimp stock also declined and the response of the shrimp industry was a reduction in effort. As the standardised fishing effort is our only measure of fishing impact it becomes difficult to separate between the two impact factors temperature and fisheries. Yet, preliminary results indicate that the shrimp fishery has minor influence on the fish community. The fish community in the Barents Sea has changed into a more North Sea like pelagic-dominated ecosystem. The sudden changes in abundance and diversity reveal that the Barents Sea fish community is sensitive to environmental change. High precaution is needed in the management of all human activities in the Barents Sea due to its low species diversity and resilience.
Frontiers of philosophy and flesh : mapping conceptual metaphor in women's frontier revival literature, 1880-1930
Creators: name: Johnstone, Tiffany T.E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In this dissertation, I identify a genre of travel writing that I refer to as frontier revival literature, which I show to be particularly important in negotiating North American ideas of imperialism, nationality, citizenship, gender, and race from 1880-1930. Meaning about cultural identity emerges through motifs of physical movement in frontier revival literature. I focus on how female frontier revival authors appropriate familiar motifs of frontier revival literature to promote women’s rights. Frontier revival literature consists of tourist accounts of travel in western Canada by Canadian and American authors who published in northeastern American cities and who wrote for a largely eastern, urban audience. I show how male frontier revival literature authors use American manifest destiny rhetoric in a western Canadian setting to promote ideas of an intercontinental west that, despite seeming to broadly represent North American progress, are highly gendered and racialized. I combine and adapt elements of feminist and conceptual metaphor theory as a way of reading how women writers of the frontier revival debate such ideas through representations of physical movement. I build on a diverse range of feminist theory to examine how images of the travelling female body negotiate and often contest dominant ideological messages about cultural identity in travel literature by men. I develop conceptual metaphor theory in order to identify a network of metaphors that I see as emerging in frontier revival literature. Focussing on three different chronological stages of frontier revival literature, I apply my methodology in comparative close readings of the following texts by Canadian and American authors: Sara Jeannette Duncan’s A Social Departure: How Orthodocia and I Went Around the World By Ourselves (1890) and Elizabeth Taylor’s “A Woman in the Mackenzie Delta” (1894-95); Grace Gallatin’s A Woman Tenderfoot (1900) and Agnes Deans Cameron’s The New North (1909); and Mary Schäffer’s Old Indian Trails (1911), and Agnes Laut’s Enchanted Trails of Glacier Park (1926). I explore how these six female frontier revival authors challenge the dominant imperialist and masculinist perspectives of their male peers through representations of the female travelling body.
The Adoption of Drying Added-Value Technologies in the Specialty Crop Industry
Creators: name: Torres, Ariana P.
name: Rodriguez, Orlando
name: Ileleji, Klein E.
name: Torres, Ariana P.
name: Rodriguez, Orlando
name: Ileleji, Klein E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: market differentiation
subject: agricultural diversification
subject: minority farmers
subject: value-added
subject: food crops
subject: specialty crops
subject: drying foods
subject: food labels

description: Value-added technologies can benefit specialty crops growers by leading to an increase profitability and improving access to markets. This study categorized and explored the main characteristics of farmers on the spectrum of adoption of drying value-added technologies. Farmers were categorized as 1) considering drying, 2) currently drying, 3) stopped drying, or 4) never dried. There were more women and minority farmers drying specialty crops than farmers with genders and races/ethnicities. There was a greater proportion of diversified operations, those selling through local markets, and those using food labels among farmers using drying technologies to add value to their products.
Commentaries on Validity Issues in Foreign and Second Language Assessment
Creators: name: Tsutagawa, Fred Seizo
name: Seong, Yuna P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition
Language and languages--Ability testing--Evaluation
Educational tests and measurements--Validity

description: In empirical applied linguistics research, the primary goal and concern is to operationalize key variables (i.e., measured constructs) in a valid and reliable way, generate scores for the measured variables through quantitative and/or qualitative means (e.g., various kinds of pre- or posttests, surveys, or coded observations), treat those scores appropriately, and allow for proper hypothesis testing of the research questions under investigation (Purpura, Brown, & Schoonen, 2015, p. 37). If the consequences of the research are “low stakes” in that the participants in the study are generally not directly impacted by the results (i.e., decisions are not made on the results to either advance or demote them in some way), the research can be published, our knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon in question deepened, and the story can essentially end there. But if there are important “high stakes” decisions to be made about the participants based on the results, decisions that can potentially impact their lives directly, it becomes imperative that our procedures and theoretical constructs have been thoroughly examined and are valid. That is why in the subfield of second and foreign language assessment, where high stakes decisions such as university admission or classification as an English language learner (ELL) in the U.S. K-12 public school system do take place based on the various test results, a higher standard needs to be adhered to in the development and implementation of the test instruments, potential interpretations of the results, and any possible subsequent uses of the results. Consequently, in second and foreign language testing, validation frameworks have been thoroughly developed and discussed to ensure that best measurement practices and high professional standards are followed (American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA], and the National Council on Measurement in Education [NCME], 1985, 2014), and that is why second/foreign language testers subject test scores to rigorous validity evaluation so that claims made about the measured constructs can be deemed meaningful and appropriate for their intended purpose(s), and their intended use and interpretation in decision making can also be justified (Purpura et al., 2015).
MPEC 2025-G132 : 2025 FB28
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FB28

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Impact of Input Flooding and Textual Enhancement on Iranian EFL Learners’ Syntactic Development
Creators: name: Arani, Samaneh Ghanei
name: Yazdanimoghaddam, Massood
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Methodology
Reading comprehension

description: The present study was an attempt to examine the impact of input flooding (IF) and textual enhancement (TIE) on EFL learners’ syntactic development. Four homogenous groups were selected based on the pre-test and placement tests. During the treatment, the first group (i.e., IF) received reading comprehension passages in which the structure was flooded. The second group (i.e., TIE) received reading comprehension passages in which the structure was textually enhanced. The third group (IF + TIE) received the reading comprehension passages with the structures enhanced through both input flood and textual enhancement. The fourth group received reading texts in which the structure was neither flooded nor textually enhanced. The results showed that textual enhancement and input flooding have positive effects on the recognition and production of syntactic development. These techniques resulted in higher acquisition scores in production and recognition when combined. The findings of the present study are further discussed with implications for teachers in second/foreign language teaching.
Colorado Producers during COVID-19: A Closer Look at the Potato Supply Chain
Creators: name: Love, Erin
name: Ehrlich, Sarah
name: Sullins, Martha
name: Love, Erin
name: Ehrlich, Sarah
name: Sullins, Martha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Colorado
subject: potatoes
subject: COVID-19
subject: adaptation strategy
subject: farm diversification
subject: supply chain

description: Media headlines during the COVID-19 pandemic have told two different stories about sales of agricultural products. On the one hand, many large establishments whose customer base consists of restaurants and food service lost sales (Yaffe-Bellany and Corkery, 2020). On the other hand, establishments whose primary customers are in retail or direct-to-consumer markets (e.g., farmers markets, roadside stands) have seen increased demand for their products (Robey, 2020). In short, the reality of COVID-19 is affecting farm establishments differently, depending on many factors including their market channel. In turn, farmers are responding to the pandemic with a variety of strategies, which affect actors farther down the supply chain (Blevins, 2020; Ehrlich, Sullins, and Jablonski 2020; Love, Thilmany, and Jablonski 2020). We interviewed potato farmers from the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and compiled their strategies for adjusting farm operations and product marketing during the pandemic. Their strategies range from short-term solutions, such as repackaging their products, to longer-term solutions, such as building new customer relationships or diversifying their crop rotations. For farmers, hearing how others are creatively handling an unusual situation may spark innovation, and, for policy makers, it may provide clarity on how they can best support agriculture with effective policy. For food processors, distributors, and retailers, knowledge of on-farm strategies can help them prepare to increase the versatility of their operations to keep pace with swift changes in market dynamics in the future. During this time of transition, it is important to reflect on priorities, management practices, and the industry's evolvement to be better positioned for the future.
A model to localize gauge and tensor fields on thick branes
Creators: name: Chumbes, A. E. R.
name: da Silva, J. M. Hoff
name: Hott, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the introduction of a suitable function in the higher-dimensional gauge field action may be used in order to achieve gauge bosons localization on a thick brane. The model is constructed upon analogies to the effective coupling of neutral scalar field to electromagnetic field and to the Friedberg-Lee model for hadrons. After that we move forward studying the localization of the Kalb-Ramond field via this procedure.
description: 5 pages New version: title, abstract and body text modified to take into account the extension of the approach to the localization of Kalb-Ramond fields on the brane. Some additional references are also included
Compensatory branching morphogenesis of stalk cells in the Drosophila trachea
Creators: name: Francis, Deanne
name: Ghabrial, Amin S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cytology
Cell interaction
Morphogenesis
Drosophila

description: Tubes are essential for nutrient transport and gas exchange in multicellular eukaryotes, but how connections between different tube types are maintained over time is unknown. In the Drosophila tracheal system, mutations in oak gall (okg) and conjoined (cnj) confer identical defects, including late onset blockage near the terminal cell-stalk cell junction and the ectopic extension of autocellular, seamed tubes into the terminal cell. We determined that okg and cnj encode the E and G subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) and showed that both the V0 and V1 domains are required for terminal cell morphogenesis. Remarkably, the ectopic seamed tubes running along vATPasedeficient terminal cells belonged to the neighboring stalk cells. All vATPase-deficient tracheal cells had reduced apical domains and terminal cells displayed mislocalized apical proteins. Consistent with recent reports that the mTOR and vATPase pathways intersect, we found that mTOR pathway mutants phenocopied okg and cnj. Furthermore, terminal cells depleted for the apical determinants Par6 or aPKC had identical ectopic seamed tube defects.We thus identify a novel mechanism of compensatory branching in which stalk cells extend autocellular tubes into neighboring terminal cells with undersized apical domains. This compensatory branching also occurs in response to injury, with damaged terminal cells being rapidly invaded by their stalk cell neighbor.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 38 Issue 15
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Waste Management Practices in New York City, Hong Kong and Beijing
Creators: name: Cohen, Steven Alan
name: Martinez, Hayley
name: Schroder, Alix
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Refuse and refuse disposal
Refuse and refuse disposal--Management
City planning

description: Solid waste management is a challenge for large urban areas around the world. Removing garbage from residential, institutional and commercial locations in cities is a major logistical and operational task. Waste management is usually a function of local government, and is often a city’s largest budget item. Solid waste generation rates are rising fast, particularly in cities experiencing increasing population rates and higher economic activity, putting pressure on municipal governments to deal with rising costs and environmental impacts. This case study examines waste management practices in three cities: New York City, Hong Kong and Beijing. We begin by assessing New York City to provide an overview of waste management practices in a large, complex U.S. city. We then focus on Hong Kong, and finally on Beijing, to provide detail on the waste management practices of two major Chinese cities and learn how they are dealing with the growing volume of waste generated by these large cities. In each of the three cases we describe the history of waste management in that locale, the status of waste management today, and discuss the challenges faced in each location. Finally, we compare the practices in these cities, and detail the technical, managerial and political issues that define the waste management system in each place.
Measurement-Adaptive Cellular Random Access Protocols
Creators: name: Giovanidis, Anastasios
name: Liao, Qi
name: Stanczak, Slawomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work considers a single-cell random access channel (RACH) in cellular wireless networks. Communications over RACH take place when users try to connect to a base station during a handover or when establishing a new connection. Within the framework of Self-Organizing Networks (SONs), the system should self- adapt to dynamically changing environments (channel fading, mobility, etc.) without human intervention. For the performance improvement of the RACH procedure, we aim here at maximizing throughput or alternatively minimizing the user dropping rate. In the context of SON, we propose protocols which exploit information from measurements and user reports in order to estimate current values of the system unknowns and broadcast global action-related values to all users. The protocols suggest an optimal pair of user actions (transmission power and back-off probability) found by minimizing the drift of a certain function. Numerical results illustrate considerable benefits of the dropping rate, at a very low or even zero cost in power expenditure and delay, as well as the fast adaptability of the protocols to environment changes. Although the proposed protocol is designed to minimize primarily the amount of discarded users per cell, our framework allows for other variations (power or delay minimization) as well.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Springer Wireless Networks 2014
Remarks on Holographic Wilson Loops and the Schwinger Effect
Creators: name: Ambjorn, Jan
name: Makeenko, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend Douglas' solution of the problem of finding minimal surfaces to anti-de Sitter space. The case of a circle as a boundary contour is elaborated. We discuss applications to ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills: a circular Wilson loop and the Schwinger process, where we calculate the $1/\sqrtλ$ correction to the critical value of constant electric field.
description: 6pp; v2: one paragraph added, v3: title as published in PRD