cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Endogenous TNF-α Antagonist Induced by Splice-switching Oligonucleotides Reduces Inflammation in Hepatitis and Arthritis Mouse Models
Creators: name: Sazani, Peter
name: Hansen, Henrik
name: Fulton, LeShara
name: Ørum, Henrik
name: Tarrant, Teresa K
name: Graziewicz, Maria A
name: Roberts, Jennifer
name: Kole, Ryszard
name: Buckley, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key mediator of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and anti–TNF-α drugs such as etanercept are effective treatments. Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are a new class of drugs designed to induce therapeutically favorable splice variants of targeted genes. In this work, we used locked nucleic acid (LNA)–based SSOs to modulate splicing of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) pre-mRNA. The SSO induced skipping of TNFR2 exon 7, which codes the transmembrane domain (TM), switching endogenous expression from the membrane-bound, functional form to a soluble, secreted form (Δ7TNFR2). This decoy receptor protein accumulated in the circulation of treated mice, antagonized TNF-α, and altered disease in two mouse models: TNF-α-induced hepatitis and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This is the first report of upregulation of the endogenous, circulating TNF-α antagonist by oligonucleotide-induced splicing modulation.
(:unas) unassigned
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2024

description: L’articolo intende suggerire una possibile comparazione tra David Herbert Lawrence e Aby Warburg, leggendo l’opera del primo attraverso la lente del metodo critico del secondo. Per fare ciò, si procede riassumendo brevemente il contenuto e i problemi ermeneutici connessi al romanzo di Lawrence Il serpente piumato (1926), che concerne la storia di un movimento politico e religioso messicano basato sull’annuncio del ritorno dell’antico dio Quetzalcoatl. In seguito si propone l’idea warburghiana di Nachleben come utile chiave di lettura per interpretare la complessa immagine di questo simbolo pagano e della sua ritualità, accostandola alle danze Pueblo descritte da Warburg nel Rituale del Serpente (1923).
description: The article intends to suggest a possible comparation between David Herbert Lawrence and Aby Warburg, reading the former through the critical lens of the latter. To do so, it proceeds sketching a brief resume of content and hermeneutic problems of Lawrence’s novel The Plumed Serpent (1926), which concerns the story of a political and religious Mexican movement based on the return of ancient God Quetzalcoatl. It proposes then Warburg’s idea of Nachleben as a useful key to interpretate the complex image of this pagan symbol and of its rituality, accosting it to the Pueblo dances described in Warburg’s The Ritual of the Snake (1923).
Efficient Oncogene Silencing and Metastasis Inhibition via Systemic Delivery of siRNA
Creators: name: Chono, Sumio
name: Li, Shyh-Dar
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The selective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to metastatic tumors remains a challenging task. We have developed a nanoparticle (NP) formulation composed of siRNA, a carrier DNA, a polycationic peptide, and cationic liposomes. The NP was obtained by a self-assembling process, followed by surface modification with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated ligand, anisamide. The NP was PEGylated and a ligand was presented to target sigma receptor–expressing murine melanoma cells, B16F10. The lung metastasis model was established by intravenous (IV) injection of the B16F10 cells into C57BL/6 mice. A mixture of siRNA against MDM2, c-myc, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) co-formulated in the targeted NP caused simultaneous silencing of each of the oncogenes in the metastatic nodules. Two consecutive IV injections of siRNA in the targeted NP significantly reduced the lung metastasis (~70–80%) at a relatively low dose (0.45 mg/kg), whereas free siRNA and the nontargeted NP showed little effect. This targeted NP formulation significantly prolonged the mean survival time of the animals by 30% as compared to the untreated controls. At the therapeutic dose, the targeted NP showed little local and systemic immunotoxicity and did not decrease the body weight or damage the major organs.
Observation of Coulomb blockade and Coulomb staircases in superconducting Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films
Creators: name: Wang, Rui-Feng
name: Xiong, Yan-Ling
name: Yan, Hang
name: Hu, Xiaopeng
name: Osada, Motoki
name: Li, Danfeng
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Song, Can-Li
name: Ma, Xu-Cun
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in the infinite-layer nickelate family, we report an experimental endeavor to clean the surface of nickelate superconductor Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films by Ar+ ion sputtering and subsequent annealing, and we study their electronic structures by cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The annealed surfaces are characterized by nano-sized clusters and Coulomb staircases with periodicity inversely proportional to the projected area of the nanoclusters, consistent with a double-barrier tunneling junction model. Moreover, the dynamical Coulomb blockade effects are observed and result in well-defined energy gaps around the Fermi level, which correlate closely with the specific configuration of the junctions. These Coulomb blockade-related phenomena provide an alternative plausible cause of the observed gap structure that should be considered in the spectroscopic understanding of nickelate superconductors with the nano-clustered surface.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Engineering and Selection of Shuffled AAV Genomes: A New Strategy for Producing Targeted Biological Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Samulski, Richard J
name: Leichtle, Stefan
name: Govindaswamy, Lakshmanan
name: Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis
name: Eugene Redmond Jr, D
name: McCown, Thomas J
name: Wu, Zhijian
name: Johnson, Jarrod S
name: Li, Wuping
name: Asokan, Aravind
name: Sharpless, Norman E
name: DiPrimio, Nina
name: Van Dyke, Terry
name: Petermann, Kimberly B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We report a DNA shuffling–based approach for developing cell type–specific vectors through directed evolution. Capsid genomes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1–9 were randomly fragmented and reassembled using PCR to generate a chimeric capsid library. A single infectious clone (chimeric-1829) containing genome fragments from AAV1, 2, 8, and 9 was isolated from an integrin minus hamster melanoma cell line previously shown to have low permissiveness to AAV. Molecular modeling studies suggest that AAV2 contributes to surface loops at the icosahedral threefold axis of symmetry, while AAV1 and 9 contribute to two- and fivefold symmetry interactions, respectively. The C-terminal domain (AAV9) was identified as a critical structural determinant of melanoma tropism through rational mutagenesis. Chimeric-1829 utilizes heparan sulfate as a primary receptor and transduces melanoma cells more efficiently than all serotypes. Further, chimeric-1829 demonstrates altered tropism in rodent skeletal muscle, liver, and brain including nonhuman primates. We determined a unique immunological profile based on neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer and crossreactivity studies strongly supporting isolation of a synthetic laboratory-derived capsid variant. Application of this technology to alternative cell/tissue types using AAV or other viral capsid sequences is likely to yield a new class of biological nanoparticles as vectors for human gene transfer.
Sustained Dystrophin Expression Induced by Peptide-conjugated Morpholino Oligomers in the Muscles of mdx Mice
Creators: name: Sazani, Peter
name: Iversen, Patrick L
name: Roberts, Jennifer
name: Moulton, Hong M
name: Kole, Ryszard
name: Fucharoen, Suthat
name: Buckley, Brian
name: Jearawiriyapaisarn, Natee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), containing arginine (R), 6-aminohexanoic acid (X), and/or β-alanine (B) conjugated to phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), enhance their delivery in cell culture. In this study, the potency, functional biodistribution, and toxicity of these conjugates were evaluated in vivo, in EGFP-654 transgenic mice that ubiquitously express the aberrantly spliced EGFP-654 pre-mRNA reporter. Correct splicing and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) upregulation serve as a positive readout for peptide-PMO (PPMO) entry into cells and access to EGFP-654 pre-mRNA in the nucleus. Intraperitoneal injections of a series of PPMOs, A-N (12 mg/kg), administered once a day for four successive days resulted in splicing correction in numerous tissues. PPMO-B was highly potent in the heart, diaphragm, and quadriceps, which are key muscles in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We therefore investigated PPMO M23D-B, designed to force skipping of stop-codon containing dystrophin exon 23, in an mdx mouse model of the disease. Systemic delivery of M23D-B yielded persistent exon 23 skipping, yielding high and sustained dystrophin protein expression in body-wide muscles, including cardiac muscle, without detectable toxicity. The rescued dystrophin reduced serum creatinine kinase to near-wild-type levels, indicating improvement in muscle integrity. This is the first report of oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping and dystrophin protein induction in the heart of treated animals.
Estimation of reliability characteristics for linear consecutive 𝒌-out-of-𝒏: 𝑭 systems based on exponentiated Weibull distribution
Creators: name: M. Kalaivani
name: R. Kannan
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)
Reliability function
Mean Time to System Failure (MTSF)
Asymptotic confidence interval and Exponentiated Weibull distribution

description: The focus of this paper is to estimate the reliability characteristics of a linear consecutive 𝑘-out-of𝑛: 𝐹 system with 𝑛 linearly ordered components. The components are independent and identically distributed with exponentiated Weibull lifetimes. The system fails if and only if at least 𝑘 successive components fail. In such a system, the reliability function and mean time to system failure are obtained by maximum likelihood estimation method using uncensored failure observations. The asymptotic confidence interval is determined for the reliability function. The results are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation to compare the performance of the systems using various sample sizes and combination of parameters. The procedure is also illustrated through a real data set.
Stochastic independence for probability MV-algebras
Creators: name: Lapenta, Serafina
name: Leustean, Ioana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that any MV-algebra has a faithful state can be embedded in an \em{f}MV-algebra of integrable functions. As consequence, we prove Hölder's inequality and Hausdorff moment problem for MV-algebras with product and we propose a solution for the stochastic independence of probability MV-algebras.
Genomic and experimental investigations into pneumococcal bacteriocins and their role in competition
Creators: name: Butler, Madeleine Ella Bowler
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Streptococcus pneumoniae ('the pneumococcus') is a frequent asymptomatic coloniser of the nasopharynx, from where it may disseminate to cause life-threatening infections including pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis. Pneumococcal disease remains a leading cause of global mortality despite the use of safe and effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria to target competitor bacteria within the ecological niche. Twenty pneumococcal bacteriocins have been characterised in silico, but their role in competition within the nasopharynx is not yet understood. In the first part of this project, I studied the distribution of bacteriocin genes in two large genomic datasets (>5,000 pneumococcal genomes in total) sampled from Iceland and Kenya. The distribution of some bacteriocins differed by location, between pneumococci recovered from carriage and disease, and between pneumococci recovered before and after the introduction of PCVs. These observations were largely explained by the association of bacteriocins with clonal complexes and suggested that there were different competition dynamics among pneumococci. A functional model of the streptococcin bacteriocins was generated using structural predictions. This informed further genomic studies, which observed genetic heterogeneity in the streptococcins. A dataset of >1,800 genomes from non-pneumococcal streptococci was screened for streptococcins, which were commonly harboured by viridans streptococci. There was evidence that the streptococcin diversification was driven by horizontal exchange between pneumococci and non-pneumococcal streptococci. In the final part of the project, the streptococcins were studied experimentally. A streptococcin toxin was isolated for the first time using a recombinant expression and purification method. The streptococcin was used in susceptibility assays against a panel of pneumococci and non-pneumococcal streptococci. Preliminary results suggested that the streptococcin had activity against some of the test strains. Results presented in this thesis expand our understanding of pneumococcal bacteriocins and will be used to inform further genomic and experimental studies.
ESTIMATION OF STRESS-STRENGTH RELIABILITY FOR AKASH DISTRIBUTION
Creators: name: Varghese, Akhila K
name: V.M. Chacko
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: stress–strength model
maximum-likelihood estimator
bootstrap confidence intervals
asymptotic distributions

description: In this paper, we consider the estimation of the stress–strength parameter R = P[Y < X], when X and Y are following one-parameter Akash distributions with parameter 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 respectively. It is assumed that they are independently distributed. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of R and its asymptotic distribution are obtained. Asymptotic distributions of the maximum likelihood estimator is useful for constructing confidence interval of P[Y < X]. The Bootstrap confidence interval of P[Y < X] is also computed. The illustrative part consists of the analysis of two real data sets, (i) simulated and (ii) real.
Estimating the Oblateness Of Dark Matter Halos Using Neutral Hydrogen Velocity Dispersion
Creators: name: Das, Mousumi
name: Ianjamasimanana, Roger
name: McGaugh, Stacy S.
name: Schombert, James
name: Dwarakanath, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the oblateness parameter q of the dark matter halo of a sample of gas rich, face-on disk galaxies. We have assumed that the halos are triaxial in shape but their axes in the disk plane (a and b) are equal, so that q=c/a measures the halo flattening. We have used the HI velocity dispersion, derived from the stacked HI emission lines and the disk surface density to determine the disk potential and the halo shape at the R25 and 1.5R25 radii. We have applied our model to 20 nearby galaxies, of which 6 are large disk galaxies with M(stellar)>10^10 solar mass, 8 have moderate stellar masses and 6 are low surface brightness dwarf galaxies. Our most important result is that gas rich galaxies that have M(gas)/M(baryons)>0.5 have oblate halos (q < 0.55), whereas stellar dominated galaxies have a range of q values, ranging from 0.21+-0.07 in NGC4190 to 1.27+-0.61 in NGC5194. Our results also suggest a positive correlation between the stellar mass and the halo oblateness q, which indicates that galaxies with massive stellar disks have a higher probability of having halos that are spherical or slightly prolate, whereas low mass galaxies have oblate halos (q < 0.55).
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Mixed-state fidelity susceptibility through iterated commutator series expansion
Creators: name: Tonchev, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a perturbative approach to the problem of computation of mixed-state fidelity susceptibility (MFS) for thermal states. The mathematical techniques used provides an analytical expression for the MFS as a formal expansion in terms of the thermodynamic mean values of successively higher commutators of the Hamiltonian with the operator involved through the control parameter. That expression is naturally divided into two parts: the usual isothermal susceptibility and a constituent in the form of an infinite series of thermodynamic mean values which encodes the noncommutativity in the problem. If the symmetry properties of the Hamiltonian are given in terms of the generators of some (finite dimensional) algebra, the obtained expansion may be evaluated in a closed form. This issue is tested on several popular models, for which it is shown that the calculations are much simpler if they are based on the properties from the representation theory of the Heisenberg or SU(1, 1) Lie algebra.
description: 16 pages, Latex file
Tumor-targeted Delivery of siRNA by Self-assembled Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Chen, Yun-Ching
name: Li, Shyh-Dar
name: Hackett, Michael J
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We have developed a self-assembled nanoparticle (NP) that efficiently delivers small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the tumor by intravenous (IV) administration. The NP was obtained by mixing carrier DNA, siRNA, protamine, and lipids, followed by post-modification with polyethylene glycol and a ligand, anisamide. Four hours after IV injection of the formulation into a xenograft model, 70–80% of injected siRNA/g accumulated in the tumor, ~10% was detected in the liver and ~20% recovered in the lung. Confocal microscopy showed that fluorescent-labeled siRNA was efficiently delivered into the cytoplasm of the sigma receptor expressing NCI-H460 xenograft tumor by the targeted NPs, whereas free siRNA and non-targeted NPs showed little uptake. Three daily injections (1.2 mg/kg) of siRNA formulated in the targeted NPs silenced the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the tumor and induced ~15% tumor cell apoptosis. Forty percent tumor growth inhibition was achieved by treatment with targeted NPs, while complete inhibition lasted for 1 week when combined with cisplatin. The serum level of liver enzymes and body weight monitoring during the treatment indicated a low level of toxicity of the formulation. The carrier itself also showed little immunotoxicity (IMT).
Comparative Study of Anti-hepatitis B Virus RNA Interference by Double-stranded Adeno-associated Virus Serotypes 7, 8, and 9
Creators: name: Sun, Cheng-Pu
name: Wu, Pin-Yi
name: Ma, Hsin-I
name: Tao, Mi-Hua
name: Xiao, Xiao
name: Chen, Chun-Chi
name: Fang, Cheng-Chieh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Using a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model, we previously showed that a single dose of double-stranded adeno-associated virus (dsAAV) vector serotype 8 carrying a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) effectively reduces HBV replication and gene expression, but the effect gradually decreases with time. In this report, we compared the anti-HBV RNA interference (RNAi) effect of dsAAV8 with those of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9, two other hepatotropic AAV vectors, and examined whether the sequential use of these heterologous AAV vectors could prolong the anti-HBV effect. Our results showed that shRNA delivered by each of the three dsAAV vectors profoundly reduced the serum HBV titer and liver HBV mRNA and DNA levels in the transgenic mice for up to 22 weeks, with dsAAV8 having the greatest inhibitory effect, followed by dsAAV9 and dsAAV7. The potency of dsAAV8 correlated with the presence of higher levels of vector DNA and anti-HBV shRNA in the liver. An in vivo cross-administration experiment showed that preexisting anti-AAV8 antibody completely blocked the anti-HBV RNAi effect of dsAAV8, but had no effect on the potency of dsAAV7 and dsAAV9. Moreover, we demonstrated that a longer anti-HBV effect could be achieved by the sequential use of dsAAV8 and dsAAV9. These results indicate that effective and persistent HBV suppression might be achieved by a combination of the power of RNAi silencing effect and multiple treatments with different AAV serotypes.
Adsorption preference reversal phenomenon from multisite-occupancy theory fortwo-dimensional lattices
Creators: name: Matoz-Fernandez, D. A.
name: Ramirez-Pastor, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical thermodynamics of polyatomic species mixtures adsorbed on two-dimensional substrates was developed on a generalization in the spirit of the lattice-gas model and the classical Guggenheim-DiMarzio approximation. In this scheme, the coverage and temperature dependence of the Helmholtz free energy and chemical potential are given. The formalism leads to the exact statistical thermodynamics of binary mixtures adsorbed in one dimension, provides a close approximation for two-dimensional systems accounting multisite occupancy and allows to discuss the dimensionality and lattice structure effects on the known phenomenon of adsorption preference reversal.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Estimation of the Change Point in the Mean Control Chart for Autocorrelated Processes
Creators: name: Rupali Kapase
name: Ghute, Vikas
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: Change point
maximum likelihood estimator
control chart
average run length
autocorrelation
autoregressive process

description: Control charts are the most popular monitoring tools used to monitor changes in a process and distinguish between assignable and chance causes of variations. The time that a control chart gives an out-of-control signal is not the real time of change. The actual time of change is called the change point. Knowing the real time of change will help and simplify finding the assignable causes of the signal which may be the result of the shift in the process parameters. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood estimator of the process change point when a Shewhart 𝑋 chart with autocorrelated observations signals a change in the process mean. The performance of the proposed change point estimator when used with 𝑋 chart with AR(1) process is investigated using simulation study. The results show that the performance of the proposed estimator has good properties in the aspect of expected length and coverage probability. We illustrate the use of proposed change point estimator through an example.
Possible evidence for a large-scale enhancement in the Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum at redshift $\mathbf{\textit{z}\geq 4}$
Creators: name: Molaro, Margherita
name: Iršič, Vid
name: Bolton, James S.
name: Lieu, Maggie
name: Keating, Laura C.
name: Puchwein, Ewald
name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inhomogeneous reionization enhances the 1D Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum on large scales at redshifts $z\geq4$. This is due to coherent fluctuations in the ionized hydrogen fraction that arise from large-scale variations in the post-reionization gas temperature, which fade as the gas cools. It is therefore possible to use these relic fluctuations to constrain inhomogeneous reionization with the power spectrum at wavenumbers $\log_{10}(k/{\rm km^{-1}\,s})\lesssim -1.5$. We use the Sherwood-Relics suite of hybrid radiation hydrodynamical simulations to perform a first analysis of new Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum measurements at $4.0\leq z \leq 4.6$. These data extend to wavenumbers $\log_{10}(k/{\rm km^{-1}\,s})\simeq -3$, with a relative uncertainty of $10$--$20$ per cent in each wavenumber bin. Our analysis returns a $2.7σ$ preference for an enhancement in the Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum at large scales, in excess of that expected for a spatially uniform ultraviolet background. This large-scale enhancement could be a signature of inhomogeneous reionization, although the statistical precision of these data is not yet sufficient for obtaining a robust detection of the relic post-reionization fluctuations. We show that future power spectrum measurements with relative uncertainties of $\lesssim 2.5$ per cent should provide unambiguous evidence for an enhancement in the power spectrum on large scales.
description: Accepted by MNRAS, 13 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Annotation of epilepsy clinic letters for natural language processing
Creators: name: Fonferko-Shadrach, Beata
name: Strafford, Huw
name: Jones, Carys
name: Khan, Russell A.
name: Brown, Sharon
name: Edwards, Jenny
name: Hawken, Jonathan
name: Shrimpton, Luke E.
name: White, Catharine P.
name: Powell, Robert
name: Sawhney, Inder M. S.
name: Pickrell, William O.
name: Lacey, Arron S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Orbital stability of two circumbinary planets around misaligned eccentric binaries
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng
name: Lubow, Stephen H.
name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Nixon, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With $n$-body simulations we investigate the stability of tilted circumbinary planetary systems consisting of two nonzero mass planets. The planets are initially in circular orbits that are coplanar to each other, as would be expected if they form in a flat but tilted circumbinary gas disc and decouple from the disc within a time difference that is much less than the disc nodal precession period. We constrain the parameters of stable multiple planet circumbinary systems. Both planet-planet and planet-binary interactions can cause complex planet tilt oscillations which can destabilise the orbits of one or both planets. The system is considerably more unstable than the effects of these individual interactions would suggest, due to the interplay between these two interactions. The stability of the system is sensitive to the binary eccentricity, the orbital tilt and the semi-major axes of the two circumbinary planets. With an inner planet semi-major axis of $5\,a_{\rm b}$, where $a_{\rm b}$ is semi-major axis of the binary, the system is generally stable if the outer planet is located at $\gtrsim 8\,a_{\rm b}$, beyond the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the inner planet. For larger inner planet semi-major axis the system is less stable because the von-Zeipel--Kozai--Lidov mechanism plays a significant role, particularly for low binary-eccentricity cases. For the unstable cases, the most likely outcome is that one planet is ejected and the other remains bound on a highly eccentric orbit. Therefore we suggest that this instability is an efficient mechanism for producing free-floating planets.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Covariance mapping spectroscopy of ultrafast laser induced biomolecular dissociation
Creators: name: Ayers, Ruth Kathleen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis reports the development of and first results from femtosecond laser-induced ionisation/dissociation (fs-LID) two-dimensional partial covariance mass spectrometry (2D-PC- MS) of biomolecules. Collision induced dissociation (CID) 2D-PC-MS is first extended to oligonucleotides. 2D- PC-MS fragment–fragment correlations are shown to give more sequence-specific information for oligonucleotides than the individual fragment analysis of 1D MS/MS. This is particularly relevant in the important case of modified oligonucleotides, where common sequencing methods can struggle to discover the nature and location of chemical modifications. The experimental development of fs-LID 2D-PC-MS runs in parallel with predictive simulations of the laser–ion cloud overlap in our experimental system, which inform the experimental parameters required for success. The discovery that contaminant free measurements are possible in negative ion mode, combined with oligonucleotides being more amenable to negative ion mode MS, the relevant experience from oligonucleotide CID 2D-PC-MS and the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, fs-LID activated MS of oligonucleotides was unprecedented, lead to a focus on fs-LID 2D-PC-MS of oligonucleotide anions. Novel 2D-PC-MS molecular diagrams are developed to give insights into the fragmentation patterns of phosphorylated peptides and oligonucleotides. These diagrams visually represent the relative probabilities of a molecule taking the fragmentation pathways found to be strongest when correlated fragment pairs are ranked by their 2D-PC-MS significance score. Comparing 2D-PC-MS molecular diagrams for CID and fs-LID activation elucidated mechanistic differences in the fragmentation behaviour between the statistical bond-breaking of CID and the ultrafast fragmentation triggered by fs-LID. A comparison of the fs-LID fragmentation pathways around different riboses finds that the nature of the ribose greatly influences the local fragmentation behaviour. In a wider context, investigating laser–biomolecule interaction mechanisms could contribute to the understanding of light–biomolecule interactions such as sunlight interacting with living cells.
Gravitational wave emission from dynamical stellar interactions
Creators: name: Moran-Fraile, Javier
name: Schneider, Fabian R. N.
name: Roepke, Friedrich K.
name: Ohlmann, Sebastian T.
name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Soultanis, Theodoros
name: Bauswein, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are witnessing the dawn of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. With currently available detectors, observations are restricted to GW frequencies in the range between ${\sim} 10\,\mathrm{Hz}$ and $10\,\mathrm{kHz}$, which covers the signals from mergers of compact objects. The launch of the space observatory LISA will open up a new frequency band for the detection of stellar interactions at lower frequencies. In this work, we predict the shape and strength of the GW signals associated with common-envelope interaction and merger events in binary stars, and we discuss their detectability. Previous studies estimated these characteristics based on semi-analytical models. In contrast, we used detailed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to compute the GW signals. We show that for the studied models, the dynamical phase of common-envelope events and mergers between main-sequence stars lies outside of the detectability band of the LISA mission. We find, however, that the final stages of common-envelope interactions leading to mergers of the stellar cores fall into the frequency band in which the sensitivity of LISA peaks, making them promising candidates for detection. These detections can constrain the enigmatic common-envelope dynamics. Furthermore, future decihertz observatories such as DECIGO or BBO would also be able to observe this final stage and the post-merger signal, through which we might be able to detect the formation of Thorne-Żytkow objects.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 12 pages, 8 figures
Generation of Novel AAV Variants by Directed Evolution for Improved CFTR Delivery to Human Ciliated Airway Epithelium
Creators: name: Drouin, Lauren M
name: Zhijian, Wu
name: Ping-Jie, Xiao
name: Samulski, R Jude
name: Johnson, Jarrod S
name: Grieger, Joshua C
name: Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis
name: Li, Wuping
name: Pickles, Raymond J
name: Zhang, Liqun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have been used to deliver CFTR to the airway epithelium of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, no significant CFTR function has been demonstrated likely due to low transduction efficiencies of the AAV vectors. To improve AAV transduction efficiency for human airway epithelium (HAE), we generated a chimeric AAV library and performed directed evolution of AAV on an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium. Two independent and novel AAV variants were identified that contained capsid components from AAV-1, AAV-6, and/or AAV-9. The transduction efficiencies of the two novel AAV variants for human ciliated airway epithelium were three times higher than that for AAV-6. The novel variants were then used to deliver CFTR to ciliated airway epithelium from CF patients. Here we show that our novel AAV variants, but not the parental, AAV provide sufficient CFTR delivery to correct the chloride ion transport defect to ~25% levels measured in non-CF cells. These results suggest that directed evolution of AAV on relevant in vitro models will enable further improvements in CFTR gene transfer efficiency and the development of an efficacious and safe gene transfer vector for CF lung disease.
Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in ultra-thin metasurfaces with arbitrary topological charges
Creators: name: Bouchard, Frédéric
name: De Leon, Israel
name: Schulz, Sebastian A.
name: Upham, Jeremy
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
name: Boyd, Robert W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital angular momentum associated with the helical phase-front of optical beams provides an unbounded \qo{space} for both classical and quantum communications. Among the different approaches to generate and manipulate orbital angular momentum states of light, coupling between spin and orbital angular momentum allows a faster manipulation of orbital angular momentum states because it depends on manipulating the polarisation state of light, which is simpler and generally faster than manipulating conventional orbital angular momentum generators. In this work, we design and fabricate an ultra-thin spin-to-orbital angular momentum converter, based on plasmonic nano-antennas and operating in the visible wavelength range that is capable of converting spin to an arbitrary value of OAM $\ell$. The nano-antennas are arranged in an array with a well-defined geometry in the transverse plane of the beam, possessing a specific integer or half-integer topological charge $q$. When a circularly polarised light beam traverses this metasurface, the output beam polarisation switches handedness and the OAM changes in value by $\ell = \pm2q\hbar$ per photon. We experimentally demonstrate $\ell$ values ranging from $\pm 1$ to $\pm 25$ with conversion efficiencies of $8.6\pm0.4~\%$. Our ultra-thin devices are integratable and thus suitable for applications in quantum communications, quantum computations and nano-scale sensing.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures - submitted!
Fuzzy Project Planning and Scheduling with Pentagonal Fuzzy Number
Creators: name: Adilakshmi Siripurapu
name: Nowpada, Ravi Shankar
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: Activity duration
centroid
fuzzy ranking
fuzzy critical path
fuzzy number
project schedule

description: In optimization approaches such as assignment issues, transportation problems, project schedules, artificial intelligence, data analysis, network flow analysis, an uncertain environment in organizational economics, and so on, ranking fuzzy numbers is essential. This paper introduces a new fuzzy ranking in Pentagonal fuzzy numbers. Each activity’s duration is expressed as a Pentagonal fuzzy number in the project schedule. The new ranking function transforms every Pentagonal fuzzy number into a crisp number (normal number). We calculated the fuzzy critical path using a new algorithm. These approaches are illustrated with a numerical example.
title: Absorption Cross-Sections of Sodium Diatomic Molecules
Creators: name: Fong, Zeng-Shevan
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: The absorption cross sections of sodium dimers were studied using a heat pipe over operating in the non-heat-pipe mode. Three wavelength regions were observed. They are in the red, the green-blue, and the near ultraviolet regions. The absorption cross section depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Representative peak values for the v"=0 progression in the red and green-blue regions are 2.59 A sup 2 (average value) and 11.77 A sup 2 (Tave=624 K). The value for the C greater than X transitions is several tenths A sup 2. The cross sections were measured from absorption spectra taken as a function of temperature.
INVENTORY MODEL WITH EXPONENTIAL DETERIORATION AND SHORTAGES FOR SEVERAL LEVELS OF PRODUCTION
Creators: name: A. Lakshmana Rao
name: S. Arun Kumar
name: K.P.S. Suryanarayana
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: EPQ
optimal operating policies
Exponential distribution
multiple levels of production
cycle time

description: The EPQ models are mathematical models which represent the inventory situation in a production or manufacturing system. In production and manufacturing units, the EPQ model is extremely significant and also be utilized for scheduling the optimal operating policies of market yards, warehouses, godowns, etc. In this research study, we provide inventory model of economic production for deteriorating commodities at multiple levels, in which various production stages are mentioned as well as deterioration rates follow exponential distributions. After a specific period of time, it is feasible to swap production rates from one to another, which is advantageous by starting with a production of low rate, an enormous amount of manufacturing articles is avoided at the outset, resulting in lower holding costs. Variation in output level allows for customer happiness as well as potential profit. The goal of this study is to determine the best production time solution so as to reduce total cost of the entire cycle. Finally, numerical illustrations and parameter sensitivity analyses have been used to validate proposed inventory system's results.
Inversion Method of Consistency Measure Estimation Expert Opinions
Creators: name: A. Bochkov
name: N. Zhigirev
name: A. Kuzminova
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2022
Subjects: collective choice
permutation
group
inconsistency
inversion
graph
rating
Schulze method
skating method
Pareto-optimal solutions

description: The problem of collective choice is the problem of combining several individual experts' opinions about the order of preference of objects (alternatives) being compared into a single "group" preference. The complexity of collective choice consists in the necessity of processing the ratings of the compared alternatives set by different experts in their own private scales. This article presents the author's original algorithm for processing expert preferences in the problem of collective choice, based on the notion of the total "error" of the experts and measuring their contribution to the collective measure of their consistency. The presentation of the material includes the necessary theoretical part consisting of basic definitions and rules, the statement of the problem and the method itself based on the majority rule, but in the group order of objects.
BTF measurements with beam-beam interactions
Creators: name: Gorgen, P.
name: Boine-Frankenheim, O.
name: Fischer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present considerations about the transverse beam transfer function (BTF) of beams under the influence of two effects: The strong-strong beam-beam effect and the influence of a Gaussian electron lens. The BTF are investigated using two methods: BTF excitation is simulated in a particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The BTF model is verified using a known analytic expectation. Analytic expectations for BTF of beams under a stationary electron lens are derived by extending BTF from the formalism of Berg and Ruggiero. Finally we compare the analytic BTF results for a stationary Gaussian lens to both the PIC simulation for split tune conditions and to PIC simulations for a beam influenced by an electron lens. We conclude that the formalism represents the electron lens well and can be applied to a limited extend to the beam-beam effect under split tune conditions. The analytic formalism allows us to recover the strength of an electron lens by means of fitting and can give clues regarding the strength of the beam-beam effect under split tune conditions.
description: 5 pages, contribution to the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 Mar 2013
Additional file 2 of Enhancing nurse competence in early recognition of cardiotoxicity
Creators: name: Kolbus, Jeff
name: Adeola, Mopelola T.
name: Tipton, Janelle M.
name: Luebcke, Caitlin E. D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 2
The origin of free-floating planets
Creators: name: Miret-Roig, Núria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free-floating planets (FFPs) are the lightest products of star formation and they carry important information on the initial conditions of the environment in which they were formed. They were first discovered in the 2000s but still few of them have been identified and confirmed due to observational challenges. This is a review of the last advances in the detection of these objects and the understanding of their origin. Several studies indicate that the observed fraction of FFPs outnumbers the prediction of turbulent fragmentation and suggest that many were formed in planetary systems that were later abandoned. The JWST will certainly constitute a new step further in the detection and characterisation of FFPs. To interpret these new observations, precise ages for the nearby star-forming regions in which they were formed will be necessary.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Daytime vertical distribution of microzooplankton in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi
name: Gibbs, Philip
name: Shiel, Russell J
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Daytime vertical distribution of 18 dominant taxa of freshwater microzooplankton was examined in mid-channel open water at North Richmond in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, New South Wales, by measuring their densities at two depths about biweekly throughout the year. The objective was to test whether of not there was any significant depth-related distributional pattern for the dominant microzooplankton. Ten taxa were heterogeneously distributed with depth over the sampling period. Among the taxa that exhibited vertical heterogeneity, rotifers were distributed more abundantly either near the surface or in the deeper water, whereas microcrustaceans were distributed more abundantly in the deeper water. The observed vertical distributional patterns appeared to be largely independent of river flow rate. For the estimate of density of zooplankton in the water column, depth-integrated collection of quantitative samples may generally be recommended even in rivers to reduce sampling bias deriving from the likely heterogeneous distribution of river zooplankton with depth.
Validation report for the digital twin software, considering requirements of digitisation and industry 4.0, for static, continuous and dynamic force transfer standards including measurement uncertainty determination
Creators: name: Giusca Claudiu
name: Oksana, Baer
name: Garcia, Izquierdo Carmen
name: González Sergio Molto
name: Andrea, Prato
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Digital Metrological Twin
FEA
Data Communication
Python
Measurement Uncertainty
Static Calibration
Continuous Calibration
Calibration Creep
Thermoelasticity
Dynamic Calibration

description: The aim of this report is to describe the preliminary version of a digital metrological twin (DMT) of a force measuring device for static, continuous and dynamic forces. In almost all major manufacturing industries such as aerospace, automobile, and construction, one of the most important activities is material/mechanical testing. Material/mechanical testing allows the manufacturer to understand, quantify and check whether their product is suitable for a particular application. This process involves the measurement of force/s acting on a product usually by means of a force measuring instrument called a load cell. With the inevitability of the fourth industrial revolution, coined as Industry 4.0, virtual tools and models of measuring instruments called digital twins (DT) will be required in manufacturing and inspection processes. A DT is generally defined as “a virtual model used to facilitate detailed analysis and monitoring of physical or psychological systems”. DT’s purpose is not to mirror but rather to ensure the “health,” integrity and reliability through monitoring, prediction and optimisation of its physical asset using data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, among others.
description: The ComTraForce project 18SIB08 has received funding from the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) as well as the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (Euramet).
Transduction Efficiencies of Novel AAV Vectors in Mouse Airway Epithelium In Vivo and Human Ciliated Airway Epithelium In Vitro
Creators: name: Wilson, James M
name: Zhang, Liqun
name: Pickles, Raymond J
name: Limberis, Maria P
name: Vandenberghe, Luk H
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We have characterized the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1–9 in addition to nineteen novel vectors isolated from various tissues, to transduce mouse and human ciliated airway epithelium (HAE). Vectors expressing α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and β-galactosidase were co-instilled into the mouse lung. Of all the vectors tested rh.64R1, AAV5 and AAV6 were the most efficient. The high transduction observed in mouse was reproduced in HAE cell cultures for both rh.64R1 and AAV6 but not for AAV5. Since AAV6 was the most efficient vector in mouse and HAE we also tested the transduction efficiencies of the AAV6 singleton vectors (i.e., AAV6 variants with targeted mutations) in these models. Of these, AAV6.2 transduced mouse airway epithelium and HAE with greater efficiency than all other AAV vectors tested. We demonstrated that AAV6.2 exhibits improved transduction efficiency compared to previously reported AAVs in mouse airways and in culture models of human airway epithelium and that this vector requires further development for preclinical and clinical testing.