cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exact eigenvalue order statistics for the reduced density matrix of a bipartite system
Creators: name: Sharmila, B.
name: Balakrishnan, V.
name: Lakshmibala, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the reduced density matrix $ρ_{A}^{(m)}$ of a bipartite system $AB$ of dimensionality $mn$ in a Gaussian ensemble of random, complex pure states of the composite system. For a given dimensionality $m$ of the subsystem $A$, the eigenvalues $λ_{1}^{(m)},\ldots, λ_{m}^{(m)}$ of $ρ_{A}^{(m)}$ are correlated random variables because their sum equals unity. The following quantities are known, among others: The joint probability density function (PDF) of the eigenvalues $λ_{1}^{(m)},\ldots, λ_{m}^{(m)}$ of $ρ_{A}^{(m)}$, the PDFs of the smallest eigenvalue $λ_{\rm min}^{(m)}$ and the largest eigenvalue $λ_{\rm max}^{(m)}$, and the family of average values $\langle \mathrm{Tr}\big(ρ_{A}^{(m)}\big)^{q}\rangle$ parametrised by $q$. Using values of $m$ running from $2$ to $6$ for definiteness, we show that these inputs suffice to identify and characterise the eigenvalue order statistics, i.e., to obtain explicit analytic expressions for the PDFs of each of the $m$ eigenvalues arranged in ascending order from the smallest to the largest one. When $m = n$ (respectively, $m < n$) these PDFs are polynomials of order $m^{2}-2$ (respectively, $mn - 2$) with support in specific sub-intervals of the unit interval, demarcated by appropriate unit step functions. Our exact results are fully corroborated by numerically generated histograms of the ordered set of eigenvalues corresponding to ensembles of over $10^{5}$ random complex pure states of the bipartite system. Finally, we present the general solution for arbitrary values of the subsystem dimensions $m$ and $n$, namely, formal exact expressions for the PDFs of every ordered eigenvalue.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
A novel approach reveals that HLA class 1 single antigen bead-signatures provide a means of high-accuracy pre-transplant risk assessment of acute cellular rejection in renal transplantation
Creators: name: Wittenbrink, Nicole
name: Herrmann, Sabrina
name: Blazquez-Navarro, Arturo
name: Bauer, Chris
name: Lindberg, Eric
name: Wolk, Kerstin
name: Sabat, Robert
name: Reinke, Petra
name: Sawitzki, Birgit
name: Thomusch, Oliver
name: Hugo, Christian
name: Babel, Nina
name: Seitz, Harald
name: Or-Guil, Michal
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Renal transplantation
subject: Acute cellular rejection
subject: Pre-transplantation risk assessment Anti-HLA-1 antibodies
subject: Single HLA antigen bead assay
subject: Immune signatures
subject: Machine learning
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is associated with complications after kidney transplantation, such as graft dysfunction and graft loss. Early risk assessment is therefore critical for the improvement of transplantation outcomes. In this work, we retrospectively analyzed a pre-transplant HLA antigen bead assay data set that was acquired by the e:KID consortium as part of a systems medicine approach. Results The data set included single antigen bead (SAB) reactivity profiles of 52 low-risk graft recipients (negative complement dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch, PRA < 30%) who showed detectable pre-transplant anti-HLA 1 antibodies. To assess whether the reactivity profiles provide a means for ACR risk assessment, we established a novel approach which differs from standard approaches in two aspects: the use of quantitative continuous data and the use of a multiparameter classification method. Remarkably, it achieved significant prediction of the 38 graft recipients who experienced ACR with a balanced accuracy of 82.7% (sensitivity = 76.5%, specificity = 88.9%). Conclusions The resultant classifier achieved one of the highest prediction accuracies in the literature for pre-transplant risk assessment of ACR. Importantly, it can facilitate risk assessment in non-sensitized patients who lack donor-specific antibodies. As the classifier is based on continuous data and includes weak signals, our results emphasize that not only strong but also weak binding interactions of antibodies and HLA 1 antigens contain predictive information. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00724022. Retrospectively registered July 2008.
Influence of the NR3A subunit on NMDA receptor functions
Creators: name: Roberts, Adam C.
name: Henson, Maile A.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Pérez-Otaño, Isabel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Various combinations of subunits assemble to form the NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR), generating diversity in its functions. Here we review roles of the unique NMDAR subunit, NR3A, which acts in a dominant-negative manner to suppress receptor activity. NR3A-containing NMDARs display striking regional and temporal expression specificity, and, unlike most other NMDAR subtypes, they have a low conductance, are only modestly permeable to Ca2+, and pass current at hyperpolarized potentials in the presence of magnesium. While glutamate activates triheteromeric NMDARs composed of NR1/NR2/NR3A subunits, glycine is sufficient to activate diheteromeric NR1/NR3A-containing receptors. NR3A dysfunction may contribute to neurological disorders involving NMDARs, and the subunit offers an attractive therapeutic target given its distinct pharmacological and structural properties.
The trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase Tps2 regulates ATG8 transcription and autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Kim, Bongkeun
name: Lee, Yongook
name: Choi, Hyojeong
name: Huh, Won-Ki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy is an important catabolic process for maintaining cellular homeostasis by adapting to various stress conditions. Autophagy is mediated by a double-membrane autophagosome, which sequesters a portion of cytoplasmic components for delivery to the vacuole. Several autophagy-related (ATG) genes play crucial roles in autophagosome formation. The induction of ATG genes must be tightly regulated to maintain a proper autophagic activity, but their regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we report that the trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase Tps2 functions as a positive regulator of autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cellular trehalose levels do not affect autophagy regulation by Tps2. Loss of Tps2 leads to impaired autophagic flux and reduced ATG8 expre/ssion under nitrogen starvation. In tps2Δ cells, Ume6 is predominantly dephosphorylated and represses ATG8 transcription by binding to its promoter region. Tps2 regulates nuclear translocation and activation of Rim15 kinase, a negative regulator of Ume6, by causing the dissociation of Rim15 from the 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1/2 under nitrogen starvation, suggesting that Rim15 mediates the function of Tps2 as a positive regulator of ATG8 induction. Furthermore, Tps2 plays a crucial role in the dephosphorylation of Ser1061 and Thr1075 residues of Rim15, which is important for controlling the dissociation of Rim15 from Bmh1/2 under nitrogen starvation. Together, our results reveal the role of Tps2 as a positive regulator of autophagy and provide new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of ATG gene expression. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GFP: green fluorescent protein; PKA: protein kinase A; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Rim15KI: kinase-inactive Rim15; Rim15-2A: Rim15S1061A,T1075A; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TORC1: target of rapamycin complex 1
Displacement correlations in disordered athermal networks
Creators: name: Das, Debankur
name: Acharya, Pappu
name: Ramola, Kabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact results for correlations in the displacement fields $\{ δ\vec{r} \} \equiv \{ δr_{μ= x,y} \}$ in near-crystalline athermal systems in two dimensions. We analyze the displacement correlations produced by different types of microscopic disorder, and show that disorder at the microscopic scale gives rise to long-range correlations with a dependence on the system size $L$ given by $\langle δr_μ δr_ν \rangle \sim c_{μν}(r/L,θ)$. In addition, we show that polydispersity in the constituent particle sizes and random bond disorder give rise to a logarithmic system size scaling, with $c_{μν}(ρ,θ) \sim \text{const}_{μν} - \text{a}_{μν}(θ)\log ρ+ \text{b}_{μν}(θ) ρ^{2} $ for $ρ~(=r/L) \to 0$. This scaling is different for the case of displacement correlations produced by random external forces at each vertex of the network, given by $c^{f}_{μν}(ρ,θ) \sim \text{const}^{f}_{μν} -( \text{a}^{f}_{μν}(θ) + \text{b}^{f}_{μν}(θ) \log ρ) ρ^2 $. Additionally, we find that correlations produced by polydispersity and the correlations produced by disorder in bond stiffness differ in their symmetry properties. Finally, we also predict the displacement correlations for a model of polydispersed soft disks subject to external pinning forces, that involve two different types of microscopic disorder. We verify our theoretical predictions using numerical simulations of polydispersed soft disks with random spring contacts in two dimensions.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
MPEC 2023-R57 : 2023 RH1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RH1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Pain mechanisms: A commentary on concepts and issues
Creators: name: Perl, Edward R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This commentary on ideas about neural mechanisms underlying pain is aimed at providing perspective for a reader who does not work in the field of mammalian somatic sensation. It is not a comprehensive review of the literature. The organization is historical to chronicle the evolution of ideas. The aim is to call attention to source of concepts and how various ideas have fared over time.
Effects of chronic cocaine administration on aggressive behavior in virgin rats
Creators: name: Johns, Josephine M.
name: Lubin, Deborah A.
name: Walker, Cheryl H.
name: Meter, Kathleen E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Lubin, Deborah, A, Kathleen E Meter, Cheryl H Walker and Josephine M Johns: Effects Of Chronic Cocaine Administration On Aggressive Behavior In Virgin Rats. 1 Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of saline, 3.5, 7. 5 or 15 mg/kg of cocaine, twice daily, for 20 consecutive days 2 Females were videotaped for 10 minutes in the presence of a male rat for assessment of aggression towards the intruder 2, 3, and 5 days following cessation of cocaine or saline administration Oxytocin levels in discrete brain areas were assayed following behavioral testing, 5 days following cessation of cocaine or saline administration 3 The 30 mg/kg-dose group tended to have a lower frequency of fight attacks and aggressive postures compared to saline-treated controls across sessions 4 The frequency of most of the behaviors analyzed were represented by quadratic functions across time, such that the highest frequency of behavior occurred 2 days following the final injection with relatively less activity 3 and 5 days following cessation of saline or cocaine administration 5 The 30 mg/kg cocaine-treated group had significantly lower hippocampal OT levels than the 15 mg/kg group 5 days following cessation of cocaine or saline administration.
Structure of the Martian dayside magnetosphere: two types
Creators: name: Vaisberg, Oleg
name: Shuvalov, Sergey
name: Dubinin, Eduard
name: Kim, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-02

description: The comprehensive suite of scientific instruments with high temporal resolution measurements on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft allowed studies of the structure and properties of the dayside magnetosphere of Mars. The dayside plasma envelope was found on first Mars orbiters (Vaisberg et al., 1976, Gringauz et al., 1976), but only the high temporal and mass resolutions of MAVEN instruments allowed investigations of the structure and processes of plasma of the dayside magnetosphere, the plasma layer which exists between shocked solar wind and ionosphere (Vaisberg et al., 2017). It was found that in the different dayside conditions the two different plasma layers form between the magnetosheath and ionosphere: (1) the mixture of heated ionospheric ions and energetic pick-up exospheric ions and (2) the layer of accelerated ionospheric ions population that forms the lower energy part of the plume formation. The first type of dayside magnetosphere of Mars is formed by the interaction of pick-up oxygen ions of exospheric origin with the topside of Mars' ionosphere (Vaisberg and Shuvalov, 2021). The second plasma layer between magnetosheath flow and ionosphere forms from initial lower energy part of the plume that is accelerated and continues in the magnetosheath. In this paper we show typical plasma populations, their properties and conditions that lead to formation of the dayside magnetosphere mainly from the material provided by the upper layer of the ionosphere. As the annex we include 115 dayside magnetosphere crossings of both types that were analyzed in the paper.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Can we reach the Zeptouniverse with rare K and B_{s,d} decays?
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Buttazzo, Dario
name: Girrbach-Noe, Jennifer
name: Knegjens, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Hadron Collider will directly probe distance scales as short as 10^{-19}m, corresponding to energy scales at the level of a few TeV. In order to reach even higher resolutions before the advent of future high-energy colliders, it is necessary to consider indirect probes of New Physics (NP), a prime example being Delta F=2 neutral meson mixing processes, which are sensitive to much shorter distance scales. However Delta F=2 processes alone cannot tell us much about the structure of NP beyond the LHC scales. To identify for instance the presence of new quark flavour-changing dynamics of a left-handed (LH) or right-handed (RH) nature, complementary results from Delta F=1 rare decay processes are vital. We therefore address the important question of whether NP could be seen up to energy scales as high as 200 TeV, corresponding to distances as small as 10^{-21}m -- the Zeptouniverse -- in rare K and B_{s,d} decays, subject to present Delta F=2 constraints and perturbativity. We focus in particular on a heavy Z' gauge boson. If restricted to purely LH or RH Z' couplings to quarks, we find that rare K decays, in particular KL-> pi^0 nu nubar and K^+->pi^+ nu nubar, allow us to probe the Zeptouniverse. On the other hand rare B_s and B_d decays, which receive stronger Delta F=2 constraints, allow us to reach about 15 TeV. Allowing for both LH and RH couplings a loosening of the Delta F=2 constraints is possible, and we find that the maximal values of M_Z' at which NP effects that are consistent with perturbative couplings could be found are approximately 2000 TeV for K decays and 160 TeV for rare B_{s,d} decays. Finally we present a simple idea for an indirect determination of M_Z' that could be realised at the next linear e^+e^- or mu^+ mu^- collider and with future precise flavour data.
description: 43 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables; new section on the role of heavy neutral scalars in reaching Zeptouniverse added; clarifying comments and references added
X-ray luminosity function of accreting neutron stars and black holes
Creators: name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Kuranov, A. G.
name: Yungelson, L. R.
name: Gilfanov, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model X-ray luminosity functions (XLF) of accreting neutron stars and black holes in $10^{35} \leq L_X \leq 10^{41}$ erg/s range in star-forming galaxies and galaxies with the initial star formation burst. XLFs are obtained by combining a fast generation of compact object+normal star population using the binary population synthesis code BSE and calculation of the subsequent detailed binary evolution by the MESA code. XLFs in the galaxies of both types is broadly reproduced using the standard assumptions of the binary star evolution.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, accepted to Proc. conf. VAK-2021, August 23-28, 2021, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow (Ed. by A.M. Cherepashchuk et al.)
Policy on the handling of research data at the University of Freiburg
Creators: name: Leendertse, Jan
Publisher: name: FreiData
Year: 2023

description: This is an unofficial translation of the document "Policy zum Umgang mit Forschungsdaten an der Universität Freiburg" (https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/231612). For binding referencing, the German document is decisive.
The translation has been produced with support of AI tools (deepl.com).
Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and reduced nicotinic receptor binding in the Fawn-Hooded rat, an animal model of co-morbid depression and alcoholism
Creators: name: Getachew, Bruk
name: Overstreet, David H.
name: Hauser, Sheketha R.
name: Rezvani, Amir H.
name: Tizabi, Yousef
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A strong positive association between depression and alcoholism is evident in epidemiological studies. Curiously, the incidence of smoking (nicotine intake) is also very high among depressed individuals. Because neuronal nicotinic receptors have been implicated in mood regulation as well as in reinforcing effects of alcohol, it was of interest to determine whether inherent changes in these receptors may be manifested in an animal model that expresses both depressive-like characteristics and high alcohol intake. Thus, Fawn-Hooded (FH) rats along with their control ACI rats were used to measure the density of the high affinity nicotinic receptor in discrete brain regions. Furthermore, the effects of acute and chronic nicotine on depressive-like characteristics of FH rats were also evaluated. Measurements of [3H]cytisine binding (selective for α4β2 nicotinic receptor subtype) revealed a reduction in these receptors only in the striatum of FH rats, a result very similar to that observed in selectively-bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Administration of nicotine acutely (0.4 mg/kg, sc) resulted in a significant reduction of immobility in the forced swim test (FST) in FH rats only, implying an antidepressant-like effect of nicotine. Another group of FH rats were administered 0.4 mg/kg nicotine (daily, sc) for 14 days and their behavior in the FST was evaluated 22–24 h after the last injection. In this case, nicotine also had a significant antidepressant-like effect in FH rats suggesting no tolerance to nicotine had occurred. The effects of nicotine on FST behavior are very similar to those observed in Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a putative animal model of depression. Together, these findings provide additional evidence for antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and strengthen the postulated association between striatal nicotinic receptors and high alcohol intake. Thus, nicotinic receptors could be suitable targets for the development of novel pharmacotherapy for treatment of depression and possibly alcoholism.
Identification and ranking of the risk factors of cloud computing in State-Owned organizations
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: Rapid development of processing and storage technologies and the success of the Internet have made computing resources cheaper, more powerful and more available than before. This technological trend has enabled the realization of a new computing model called cloud computing. Recently, the State-Owned organizations have begun to utilize cloud computing architectures, platforms, and applications to deliver services and meet constituents’ needs. Despite all of the advantages and opportunities of cloud computing technology, there are so many risks that State-Owned organizations need to know about before their migration to cloud environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the risks factors of cloud computing in State-Owned organizations by making use of IT experts’ opinion. Firstly, by reviewing key articles, a comprehensive list of risks factors were extracted and classified into two categories: tangible and intangible. Then, six experts were interviewed about these risks and their classifications, and 10 risks were identified. After that, process of ranking the risks was done by seeking help from 52 experts and by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The results show that experts have identified intangible risks as the most important risks in cloud computing usage by State-Owned organizations. As the results indicate, "data confidentiality" risk has the highest place among the other risks.
How to evaluate an institutional repository system: a case study
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: Information management in universities and academic environments was a critical issue for their managers in late years. Some infrastructures like academic websites suggested as a solution but they had other problems such as out of dating information. So many universities have developed information management systems for managing their intellectual properties in recent years. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) has established its institutional repository named the SAED since 1385 (2006). The purpose of this research is to assessing the SAED from technical aspects. Evaluating research and case study were selected for implementing the research. Data collection tool was a checklist which was constructed by the researchers. Findings revealed that SAED is at average level of technical specifications, overall. But Content management & Accessibility aspects have no good efficiency may be effect on usefulness of the system. So user centered approach must be applied in system redesigning and improving. Though Archiving & System support have suitable situation, increasing of users and data may be challengeable in future.
Evaluation of using expert system features in information retrieval in Iranian digital library software
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: The goal of this study is to evaluate expert system features in Iranian’s selected Digital Library software in context of information retrieval. Methodology: This study was performed using evolutional method and whit a checklist. To gathering data, a checklist was prepared by 66 criteria based of the research dimensions (include Tools of information retrieval, Interface, Information database (Knowledge), and the strategies used for the more guidance of users). Furthermore, we took the opinion of LIS expert in necessity. The population in this study was 5 selected Iranian Digital Library software’s include Pars Azarakhsh, Simorgh, Papyrus, Payam and Parvan. Finding: The status of the selected Digital library software’s investigated based on research dimensions. According to the studied criteria in research, the results showed that selected digital library software’s are lower than normal in matter of information recovery and information data base, but in the interface feature is higher than normal range. Also in the more guidance of user’s dimensions, result showed that the most emphasis is in common software features instead of specialized of them. Hypothesis test also showed that there is significant difference between features of the expert system software current status of digital libraries, in Iran. Originality/Value: The research prepared a checklist for evaluation of Digital Library software’s in expert systems context. Also the funded results can be helpful for the software providers to resolve the weakness and reinforce the strengths of software’s.
Magneto-rotational evolution of neutron stars with hysteresis effect and fallback
Creators: name: Khokhriakova, A. D.
name: Popov, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, accreting neutron stars (NSs) in X-ray binary systems in supernova remnants have been discovered. They are a puzzle for the standard magneto-rotational evolution of NSs, as their age ($\lesssim 10^5$ years) is much less than expected duration of the preceding Ejector and Propeller stages. To explain such systems, we consider rotational evolution of NSs with fallback accretion and asymmetry in direct/backward transitions between Ejector and Propeller stages. It is shown that at certain values of the initial period and the magnetic field, a young neutron star may not enter the Ejector stage during its evolution.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Proc. conf. VAK-2021, August 23-28, 2021, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow
Novel positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors: Do subtle differences in activity at α1 plus α5 versus α2 plus α3 subunits account for dissimilarities in behavioral effects in rats?
Creators: name: Milinković, Marija M.
name: Majumder, Samarpan
name: Cook, James M.
name: Furtmüller, Roman
name: Sieghart, Werner
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Edwankar, Rahul V.
name: Joksimović, Srđan
name: Ramerstorfer, Joachim
name: Clayton, Terry
name: Huang, Shengming
name: Savić, Miroslav M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Over the last years, genetic studies have greatly improved our knowledge on the receptor subtypes mediating various pharmacological effects of positive allosteric modulators at GABAA receptors. This stimulated the development of new benzodiazepine (BZ)-like ligands, especially those inactive/low-active at GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit, with the aim of generating more selective drugs. Hereby, the affinity and efficacy of four recently-synthesized BZ site ligands: SH-053-2’N, SH-053-S-CH3-2’F, SH-053-R-CH3-2’F and JY-XHe-053 were assessed. They were also studied in behavioral tests of spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, and water maze in rats, which are considered predictive of, respectively, the sedative, anxiolytic, and amnesic influence of BZs. The novel ligands had moderately low to low affinity and mild to partial agonistic efficacy at GABAA receptors containing the α1 subunit, with variable, but more pronounced efficacy at other BZ-sensitive binding sites. While presumably α1 receptor-mediated sedative effects of GABAA modulation were not fully eliminated with any of the ligands tested, only SH-053-2’N and SH-053-S-CH3-2’F, both dosed at 30 mg/kg, exerted anxiolytic effects. The lack of clear anxiolytic-like activity of JY-XHe-053, despite its efficacy at α2- and α3-GABAA receptors, may have been partly connected with its preferential affinity at α5-GABAA receptors coupled with weak agonist activity at α1-containing subtypes. The memory impairment in water-maze experiments, generally reported with BZ site agonists, was completely circumvented with all four ligands. The results suggest that a substantial amount of activity at α1 GABAA receptors is needed for effecting spatial learning and memory impairments, while much weaker activity at α1- and α5-GABAA receptors is sufficient for eliciting sedation.
A Specialized Processor for Track Reconstruction at the LHC Crossing Rate
Creators: name: Abba, A.
name: Bedeschi, F.
name: Citterio, M.
name: Caponio, F.
name: Cusimano, A.
name: Geraci, A.
name: Marino, P.
name: Morello, M. J.
name: Neri, N.
name: Punzi, G.
name: Piucci, A.
name: Ristori, L.
name: Spinella, F.
name: Stracka, S.
name: Tonelli, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an R&D study of a specialized processor capable of precisely reconstructing events with hundreds of charged-particle tracks in pixel detectors at 40 MHz, thus suitable for processing LHC events at the full crossing frequency. For this purpose we design and test a massively parallel pattern-recognition algorithm, inspired by studies of the processing of visual images by the brain as it happens in nature. We find that high-quality tracking in large detectors is possible with sub-$μ$s latencies when this algorithm is implemented in modern, high-speed, high-bandwidth FPGA devices. This opens a possibility of making track reconstruction happen transparently as part of the detector readout.
description: Presented by G.Punzi at the conference on "Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics" (INSTR14), 24 Feb to 1 Mar 2014, Novosibirsk, Russia. Submitted to JINST proceedings
Citing Journal Articles in Social Sciences Blogs
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: This article aims to analyze motivations behind social sciences blog posts citing journal articles in order to find out whether blog citations of scholarly journal articles are good indicators for the societal impact of research. A random sample of 300 social sciences blog posts (out of 1,233 blog posts) from ResearchBlogging published between 01/01/2012 to 18/06/2014 were subjected to content analysis. An existing categorization scheme was used and modified inductively. The 300 blog posts had 472 references including 424 journal articles from 269 different journals. Sixty-one (22.68%) of all journals cited were from the category of social sciences and most of the journals with high frequency were highly cited general science journals such as PNAS and Science. Seventy-five percent of all journals were referenced only once. The average age of articles cited was 5.8 years. The most frequent (38, 12.67%) motivation was to ‘neutrally presenting details of a study’. Overall, social science blogs were rather subject-oriented than article oriented. This means a considerable number of blog posts were not driven simply by writing about an article, instead bloggers tend to write about their subject of interest and use references to support their argument. The study shows the potential of blog citations as an altmetric measure and as a proxy for assessing the research impact.
A survey of the statues and factors affecting librarians’communication skills: A case study of Librarians at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: Purpose: This research aimed to study the status of communication skills of librarians and effective factors in this field. Method: A questionnaire was used in this survey for collecting data. Research population consisted of the librarians at the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Findings: Findings showed that the most important factors in interpersonal communication from the point of views of librarians are firstly organizational and then environmental, personal and cultural factors. Also, there is no significant relationship between variables like "education" and "experience" with communication skills of librarians. Furthermore, findings show that the status of librarians' communication skills in all areas of study at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is the same and there is no significant difference among them. At the end, some recommendations are mentioned for extension of interpersonal communication skills of librarians.
Kappa opioid receptor signaling in the brain: Circuitry and implications for treatment
Creators: name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: Crowley, Nicole A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the central nervous system have been known to be important regulators of a variety of psychiatry illnesses, including anxiety and addiction, but their precise involvement in these behaviors is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we briefly review the pharmacology of KORs in the brain, including KOR's involvement in anxiety, depression, and alcohol addiction. We also review the known neuronal circuitry impacted by KOR signaling, and interactions with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), another key peptide in anxiety-related illnesses, as well as the role of glucocorticoids. We suggest that KORs are a promising therapeutic target for a host of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Lagrangian Variational Framework for Boundary Value Problems
Creators: name: Figotin, Alexander
name: Reyes, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 49S05

description: A boundary value problem is commonly associated with constraints imposed on a system at its boundary. We advance here an alternative point of view treating the system as interacting "boundary" and "interior" subsystems. This view is implemented through a Lagrangian framework that allows to account for (i) a variety of forces including dissipative acting at the boundary; (ii) a multitude of features of interactions between the boundary and the interior fields when the boundary fields may differ from the boundary limit of the interior fields; (iii) detailed pictures of the energy distribution and its flow; (iv) linear and nonlinear effects. We provide a number of elucidating examples of the structured boundary and its interactions with the system interior. We also show that the proposed approach covers the well known boundary value problems.
description: 41 pages, 3 figures
Recursos tecnológicos para trabajar la audición y el lenguaje
Creators: name: Rodao Martín, Tamara
name: Suarez, Belen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390405
subject: Educational technology and computing
classificationCode: 390411
subject: Special education and disability
classificationCode: 390101
subject: Creative arts, media and communication curriculum and pedagogy

description: This document presents a guide to work on hearing and language with students in the primary education stage. The aim is to facilitate teachers' location and possible use in the classroom.
Spirals in galaxies
Creators: name: Sellwood, J. A.
name: Masters, Karen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spirals in galaxies have long been thought to be caused by gravitational instability in the stellar component of the disk, but discerning the precise mechanism had proved elusive. Tidal interactions, and perhaps bars, may provoke some spiral responses, but spirals in many galaxies must be self-excited. We survey the relevant observational data and aspects of disk dynamical theory. The origin of the recurring spiral patterns in simulations of isolated disk galaxies has recently become clear and it is likely that the mechanism is the same in real galaxies, although evidence to confirm this supposition is hard to obtain. As transient spiral activity increases random motion, the patterns must fade over time unless the disk also contains a dissipative gas component. Continuing spiral activity alters the structure of the disks in other ways: reducing metallicity gradients and flattening rotation curves are two of the most significant. The overwhelming majority of spirals in galaxies have two- or three-fold rotational symmetry, indicating that the cool, thin disk component is massive. Spirals in simulations of halo-dominated disks instead manifest many arms, and consequently do not capture the expected full spiral-driven evolution. We conclude by identifying areas where further work is needed.
description: 50 pages, 9 figures, to appear in vol 60 of ARAA (2022) - this version includes revisions to the figures made by the copy-editor - Supplementary video available at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~sellwood/supp_material.html
Accretion and magnetic field morphology around Class 0 stage protostellar discs
Creators: name: Seifried, D.
name: Banerjee, R.
name: Pudritz, R. E.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse simulations of turbulent, magnetised molecular cloud cores focussing on the formation of Class 0 stage protostellar discs and the physical conditions in their surroundings. We show that for a wide range of initial conditions Keplerian discs are formed in the Class 0 stage already. In particular, we show that even subsonic turbulent motions reduce the magnetic braking efficiency sufficiently in order to allow rotationally supported discs to form. We therefore suggest that already during the Class 0 stage the fraction of Keplerian discs is significantly higher than 50%, consistent with recent observational trends but significantly higher than predictions based on simulations with misaligned magnetic fields, demonstrating the importance of turbulent motions for the formation of Keplerian discs. We show that the accretion of mass and angular momentum in the surroundings of protostellar discs occurs in a highly anisotropic manner, by means of a few narrow accretion channels. The magnetic field structure in the vicinity of the discs is highly disordered, revealing field reversals up to distances of 1000 AU. These findings demonstrate that as soon as even mild turbulent motions are included, the classical disc formation scenario of a coherently rotating environment and a well-ordered magnetic field breaks down. Hence, it is highly questionable to assess the magnetic braking efficiency based on non-turbulent collapse simulation. We strongly suggest that, in addition to the global magnetic field properties, the small-scale accretion flow and detailed magnetic field structure have to be considered in order to assess the likelihood of Keplerian discs to be present.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, updated to final version
μ-Opioid receptor 6-transmembrane isoform: A potential therapeutic target for new effective opioids
Creators: name: Maixner, William
name: Samoshkin, Alexander
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Gold, Michael S.
name: Convertino, Marino
name: Gauthier, Josee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: 6TM MOR is a functional isoform of μ-opioid receptor.6TM MOR has a different cellular localization with respect to 7TM-MOR.6TM MOR may signal via different cellular pathways with respect to 7TM MOR.6TM MOR stimulation may mediate excitatory cellular effects.The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is the primary target for opioid analgesics. MOR induces analgesia through the inhibition of second messenger pathways and the modulation of ion channels activity. Nevertheless, cellular excitation has also been demonstrated, and proposed to mediate reduction of therapeutic efficacy and opioid-induced hyperalgesia upon prolonged exposure to opioids. In this mini-perspective, we review the recently identified, functional MOR isoform subclass, which consists of six transmembrane helices (6TM) and may play an important role in MOR signaling. There is evidence that 6TM MOR signals through very different cellular pathways and may mediate excitatory cellular effects rather than the classic inhibitory effects produced by the stimulation of the major (7TM) isoform. Therefore, the development of 6TM and 7TM MOR selective compounds represents a new and exciting opportunity to better understand the mechanisms of action and the pharmacodynamic properties of a new class of opioids.
Crosstalk between HSPA5 arginylation and sequential ubiquitination leads to AKT degradation through autophagy flux
Creators: name: Kim, Hyo Jeong
name: Kim, Sun-Yong
name: Kim, Dae-Ho
name: Park, Joon Seong
name: Jeong, Seong Hyu
name: Choi, Young Won
name: Kim, Chul-Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Virology

description: AKT/PKB is downregulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which plays a key role in cell survival and tumor progression in various types of cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the sequential ubiquitination of lysine residues K284 to K214 in AKT and R-HSPA5 (the arginylated form of HSPA5), which contribute to the autophagic/lysosomal degradation of AKT when impaired proteasomal activity induces cellular stress. Results show that proteasome inhibitors (PIs) increased ATE1 (arginyltransferase 1)-mediated R-HSPA5 levels in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Further, binding of fully ubiquitinated AKT with R-HSPA5 induced AKT degradation via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Specifically, the K48 (Lys48)-linked ubiquitinated form of AKT was selectively degraded in the lysosome with R-HSPA5. The deubiquitinase, USP7 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 7), prevented AKT degradation by inhibiting AKT ubiquitination via interaction with AKT. MUL1 (mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1) also played a vital role in the lysosomal degradation of AKT by sequentially ubiquitinating AKT residues K284 to K214 for R-HSPA5-mediated autophagy. Consistent with this finding, despite HSPA5 arginylation, AKT was not degraded in mul1 KO cells. These results suggest that MUL1-mediated sequential ubiquitination of K284 to K214 may serve as a novel mechanism by which AKT is designated for lysosomal degradation. Moreover, binding of R-HSPA5 with fully ubiquitinated AKT is required for the autophagic/lysosomal degradation of AKT. Thus, modulating the MUL1-mediated non-proteasomal proteolysis mechanisms, such as sequential ubiquitination, may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
Regional capabilities and their relation to the geography of scientific production in Iran
Publisher: name: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc)
Year: 2015

description: This study investigates the relation of regional capabilities and the geographic distribution of scientific productions in some disciplines in Iran. Data include all articles related to the oceanography, agriculture, medicine, oil and petroleum, and energy disciplines with at least one Iranian author published between 2007 And 2011 that have been indexed in Scopus database. Results show that the geographic distribution of specialists, scientific centers and universities was focused in Tehran. This might be because all research infrastructure and facilities are concentrated in Tehran and other provinces do not have enough. Tehran was also the hub for most of collaborations in science .This uneven distribution of scientific wealth is not in accordance with the science policy of the country and does not support the efficiency of scientific activities in the country.
Oncogenic role of MIR516A in human bladder cancer was mediated by its attenuating PHLPP2 expression and BECN1-dependent autophagy
Creators: name: Jin, Honglei
name: Ma, Jiugao
name: Xu, Jiheng
name: Li, Hongyan
name: Chang, Yuanyuan
name: Zang, Nan
name: Tian, Zhongxian
name: Wang, Xin
name: Zhao, Nannan
name: Liu, Lu
name: Chen, Caiyi
name: Xie, Qipeng
name: Lu, Yongyong
name: Fang, Zhouxi
name: Huang, Xing
name: Huang, Chuanshu
name: Huang, Haishan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Although MIR516A has been reported to be downregulated and act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, its expression and potential contribution to human bladder cancer (BC) remain unexplored. Unexpectedly, we showed here that MIR516A was markedly upregulated in human BC tissues and cell lines, while inhibition of MIR516A expression attenuated BC cell monolayer growth in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo, accompanied with increased expression of PHLPP2. Further studies showed that MIR516A was able to directly bind to the 3′-untranslated region of PHLPP2 mRNA, which was essential for its attenuating PHLPP2 expression. The knockdown of PHLPP2 expression in MIR516A-inhibited cells could reverse BC cell growth, suggesting that PHLPP2 is a MIR516A downstream mediator responsible for MIR516A oncogenic effect. PHLPP2 was able to mediate BECN1/Beclin1 stabilization indirectly, therefore promoting BECN1-dependent macroautophagy/autophagy, and inhibiting BC tumor cell growth. In addition, our results indicated that the increased autophagy by attenuating MIR516A resulted in a dramatic inhibition of xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal that MIR516A has a novel oncogenic function in BC growth by directing binding to PHLPP2 3′-UTR and inhibiting PHLPP2 expression, in turn at least partly promoting CUL4A-mediated BECN1 protein degradation, thereby attenuating autophagy and promoting BC growth, which is a distinct function of MIR516A identified in other cancers. Abbreviation: ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BC: bladder cancer; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CUL3: cullin 3; CUL4A: cullin 4A; CUL4B: cullin 4B; IF: immunofluorescence: IHC-p: immunohistochemistry-paraffin; MIR516A: microRNA 516a (microRNA 516a1 and microRNA 516a2); MS: mass spectrometry; PHLPP2: PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase.