cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improved radius determinations for the transiting brown dwarf population in the era of Gaia and TESS
Creators: name: Carmichael, Theron W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report updates to the substellar mass-radius diagram for 11 transiting brown dwarfs (BDs) and low-mass stars published before the third data release from the Gaia mission (Gaia DR3). I reanalyse these transiting BD systems whose physical parameters were published between 2008 and 2019 and find that when using the parallax measurements from Gaia DR3, 7 BDs show significant differences in their radius estimate or an improvement in the radius uncertainty. This has important implications for how these BDs are used to test substellar evolutionary models in the mass-radius diagram. The remaining 4 BDs show mass-radius estimates that are consistent with their previous pre-Gaia DR3 measurements. The 7 BDs that show significant deviation from the original mass-radius measurements are AD 3116b, CoRoT-3b, CoRoT-15b, EPIC 201702477b, Kepler-39b, KOI-205b, and KOI-415b. Of these, AD 3116b is a known member of the Praesepe cluster at an age of 600 Myr. Additionally, some of the previously smallest known transiting BDs, KOI-205b and KOI-415b, are not as small as once thought, leaving the mass-radius region for the very oldest BDs relatively sparse as a result of this work.
description: 25 pages, 17 tables, 6 figures. Accepted in MNRAS. This version contains easy-access data tables in Appendix B
Galassie fuse per buchi neri supermassicci
Creators: Eleonora Ferroni
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Con il telescopio Subaru gli esperti hanno ottenuto delle immagini ad alta risoluzione che permettono di studiare le emissioni originate dai buchi neri supermassicci (SMBH) nelle regioni centrali delle galassie ricche di gas e luminose. Grazie alle osservazioni nell'infrarosso hanno scoperto che nei sistemi di galassie interagenti almeno un SMBH diventa attivo con l'accrescimento di una grande quantità di materiale.
Come produrre acqua sulla Luna e ossigeno su Marte
Creators: Matteo De Giuli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Va avanti la missione NASA Resource Prospector che si propone di costruire rover e macchinari per utilizzare in situ le risorse spaziali e produrre direttamente (prima sulla Luna e poi su Marte) acqua e ossigeno per gli astronauti e carburante per le navicelle spaziali.
La chiave stellare
Creators: Caterina Boccato
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Sono tre i ricercatori padovani che hanno ottenuto il Consolidator Grant, il finanziamento del Consiglio Europeo della Ricerca destinato a ricercatori dai curricula eccellenti con diversi anni di esperienza. Tra questi l’astrofisica Paola Marigo, associata INAF, ha ottenuto un finanziamento di 2 milioni di euro.
Trovato il carburante della formazione stellare?
Creators: Matteo De Giuli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Un nuovo studio riporta l'osservazione di un fiume mai visto prima di idrogeno freddo che fluisce nello spazio tra le galassie. Questo tenue filamento di gas, rilevato nei dintorni della vicina galassia NGC 6946, potrebbe aiutare a spiegare come alcune galassie a spirale riescano a tenere il loro costante ritmo di formazione stellare.
Donne e astronomia: l’Italia è terza nel mondo
Creators: Eleonora Ferroni
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Il 27% dei ricercatori italiani iscritti alla IAU (International Astronomical Union), è "rosa" e l'Italia è seconda solo all'Argentina e all'Ucraina. Ad alzare la media ci pensa l'INAF, dove il 32% dei ricercatori sono donne e il 40% delle impiegate ricoprono posizioni amministrativo-tecniche. Le prospettive di fare carriera nell'ambito astronomico per le donne italiane, però, non sono così rosee, soprattutto ad alti livelli accademici.
La nebulosa lampeggiante
Creators: Marco Galliani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Grazie alle osservazioni del Very Large Telescope, i ricercatori guidati da Chris De Pree  sono riusciti a osservare cambiamenti d'intensità nell'emissione della nebulosa Sgr B2 avvenuti nell'arco di appena 23 anni. Un risultato che aiuta a chiarire i meccanismi che regolano la formazione delle stelle di grande massa e la loro interazione con l'ambiente che le circonda.
Automated Identification of Eviction Status from Electronic Health Record Notes
Creators: name: Yao, Zonghai
name: Tsai, Jack
name: Liu, Weisong
name: Levy, David A.
name: Druhl, Emily
name: Reisman, Joel I
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: Evictions are important social and behavioral determinants of health. Evictions are associated with a cascade of negative events that can lead to unemployment, housing insecurity/homelessness, long-term poverty, and mental health problems. In this study, we developed a natural language processing system to automatically detect eviction status from electronic health record (EHR) notes. Materials and Methods: We first defined eviction status (eviction presence and eviction period) and then annotated eviction status in 5000 EHR notes from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). We developed a novel model, KIRESH, that has shown to substantially outperform other state-of-the-art models such as fine-tuning pre-trained language models like BioBERT and BioClinicalBERT. Moreover, we designed a novel prompt to further improve the model performance by using the intrinsic connection between the two sub-tasks of eviction presence and period prediction. Finally, we used the Temperature Scaling-based Calibration on our KIRESH-Prompt method to avoid over-confidence issues arising from the imbalance dataset. Results: KIRESH-Prompt substantially outperformed strong baseline models including fine-tuning the BioClinicalBERT model to achieve 0.74672 MCC, 0.71153 Macro-F1, and 0.83396 Micro-F1 in predicting eviction period and 0.66827 MCC, 0.62734 Macro-F1, and 0.7863 Micro-F1 in predicting eviction presence. We also conducted additional experiments on a benchmark social determinants of health (SBDH) dataset to demonstrate the generalizability of our methods. Conclusion and Future Work: KIRESH-Prompt has substantially improved eviction status classification. We plan to deploy KIRESH-Prompt to the VHA EHRs as an eviction surveillance system to help address the US Veterans' housing insecurity.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Published by Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocad081
Barriers to sustainable supply chain flexibility during sales promotions
Creators: name: Chirra, Sricharan
name: Raut, Rakesh D.
name: Kumar, Dinesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: In today’s market, sales promotional schemes have spun out to be essential for promoting outfits. Nonetheless, due to the sudden ascent in sales, the subsequent demand uncertainty calls for the high flexibility in supply chains. The present work examines the barriers to flexibility in the Indian automobile supply chains under such an environment from a sustainability viewpoint, an indispensable element of the present-day supply chains. In view of the literature and the descriptive survey led, 20 barriers have been identified. Through the analytical investigation directed, a numerical index value for the sustainable supply chain flexibility barriers is developed via graph-theoretical and matrix approach. Findings, along with the sensitivity analysis, conducted establish that the barriers at the supply chain’s procurement function have the highest impact in inhibiting the sustainable supply chain flexibility, thus significantly affecting the firm performance during sales promotional schemes. The obtained barrier index can be utilised for assessing the performance of all the companies across the industry. The model proposed offers valuable discernments to practicing officials in focusing on the significant barriers. This study augments the existing literature by linking the supply chain flexibility, Sustainability, and Sales promotions and thus clubs the three independent research streams.
Unconventional spin freezing and fluctuations in the frustrated antiferromagnet NiGa2S4
Creators: name: MacLaughlin, D. E.
name: Nambu, Y.
name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Heffner, R. H.
name: Shu, Lei
name: Bernal, O. O.
name: Ishida, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon spin rotation (muSR) experiments reveal unconventional spin freezing and dynamics in the two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice antiferromagnet NiGa2S4. Long-lived disordered Ni-spin freezing (correlation time > 10-6 s at 2 K) sets in below T_f = 8.5 +- 0.5 K with a mean-field-like temperature dependence. The observed exponential temperature dependence of the muon spin relaxation above T_f is strong evidence for 2D critical spin fluctuations. Slow Ni spin fluctuations coexist with quasistatic magnetism at low temperatures but are rapidly suppressed for fields > 10 mT, in marked contrast with the field-independent specific heat. The muSR and bulk susceptibility data indicate a well-defined 2D phase transition at T_f, below which NiGa2S4 is neither a conventional magnet nor a singlet spin liquid.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
A time-dependent jet model for the emission from Sagittarius A*
Creators: name: Maitra, Dipankar
name: Markoff, Sera
name: Falcke, Heino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The source of emission from Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, is still unknown. Flares and data from multiwavelength campaigns provide important clues about the nature of Sgr A* itself. Here we attempt to constrain the physical origin of the broadband emission and the radio flares from Sgr A*. We developed a time-dependent jet model, which for the first time allows one to compare the model predictions with flare data from Sgr A*. Taking into account relevant cooling mechanisms, we calculate the frequency-dependent time lags and photosphere size expected in the jet model. The predicted lags and sizes are then compared with recent observations. Both the observed time lags and size-frequency relationships are reproduced well by the model. The combined timing and structural information strongly constrain the speed of the outflow to be mildly relativistic, and the radio flares are likely to be caused by a transient increase in the matter channelled into the jets. The model also predicts light curves and structural information at other wavelengths which could be tested by observations in the near future. We show that a time-dependent relativistic jet model can successfully reproduce: (1) the quiescent broadband spectral energy distribution of Sgr A*, (2) the observed 22 and 43 GHz light curve morphologies and time lags, and (3) the frequency-size relationship. The results suggest that the observed emission at radio frequencies from Sgr A* is most easily explained by a stratified, optically thick, mildly relativistic jet outflow. Frequency-dependent measurements of time-lags and intrinsic source size provide strong constraints on the bulk motion of the jet plasma.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. Four pages, 3 figures
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Year: 2018
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Detecting Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons via electron transport
Creators: name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity via an electrical current. We propose that by embedding a quantum dot p-i-n junction inside the cavity, the tunneling current through the device can reveal features of condensation due to a one-to-one correspondence of the photons to the condensate polaritons. Such a device can also be used to observe the phase interference of the order parameters from two condensates.
description: 5 Pages, 3 Figures
Diario (quasi) da Marte
Creators: Giulia Bonelli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Ricreare le condizioni del pianeta rosso. Era l’obiettivo della “Mock Mars Mission”, che dal 4 al 19 gennaio ha visto una squadra di 8 persone simulare la vita su Marte. Il racconto di Elizabeth Howell, unica giornalista del gruppo.
Optimal versioning strategies for software firms in the competitive environment
Creators: name: Sun, Yangyang
name: Dang, Chuangyin
name: Feng, Gengzhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software-as-a-service (SaaS) is gaining tremendous popularity in the enterprise software releases, which has brought the growing challenge for the incumbent used to adopt the on-premise licensing model. In this paper, we focus on the optimal versioning strategy problem of the incumbent when he faces the competition from the entrant who releases the SaaS software. He can choose from providing the upgraded on-premise software, turning to offer the SaaS version of the software, and releasing both the versions. We indicate that releasing both versions won't be the optimal choice in the competitive environment. When the upgrade cost is above a certain value, and the gap of value is below a threshold positively linear correlated with the upgrade cost, the incumbent prefers the SaaS strategy. Otherwise, the on-premise strategy generates the highest profit. A special case is that in the medium switching cost environment, the SaaS strategy can be optimal for all possible values of upgrade cost. Finally, We consider the problem in the presence of network effect and in the uncovered market setting. The results provide effective managerial insights into the strategy selection for the incumbent.
Chiral-induced spin selectivity augments quantum coherence in avian compass
Creators: name: Tiwari, Yash
name: Poonia, Vishvendra Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates the effect of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) on quantum spin coherence in the radical pair mechanism of avian magnetoreception. Additionally, we examine the utilitarian role of coherence for the avian compass by analyzing its correlation with the yield of the signaling state. We find that both the relative entropy of global coherence and local coherence in the radical pair increases with CISS. However, only global coherence exhibit the utilitarian role for the avian compass. We also analyze the interplay of dipolar interaction with the CISS and their effect on the coherence of the radical pair. Further, we analyze the effect of environmental decoherence along with CISS. We conclude that a high CISS results in a high correlation of global coherence with signaling state yield. It confirms that CISS plays an important role both for compass sensitivity and coherence in the avian compass.
Phenolic and volatile compound composition influence to specialty coffee cup quality
Creators: name: Laukaleja, I.
name: Kruma, Z.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: phenolic compounds
coffee aroma
cup quality
volatile compounds
article

description: With increasing specialty coffee consumption, more attention is focused not only on the cup quality (sensory quality) of the coffee beverage but also about the impact of coffee on health. The beneficial effects of coffee on human health are mainly based on a wide range of biologically active components, including phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of phenolic and volatile compound composition to specialty coffee cup quality. Seven specialty coffees from two Latvian roasteries were selected and analysed. Total phenolic and flavanoid content and radical scavenging activity by DPPH and ABTS assay were determined spectrophotometrically. Sensory evaluation (cup quality) was performed by trained panellist team using the SCAA protocols cupping specialty coffee. Volatile compounds were extracted by SPME and analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Coffee final cup quality score ranged in amplitude of 83–90.25 points. HON_2 with dry fruits and melon characteristics has shown the highest final cup quality score. Almost detected volatile compounds in KEN_1 is associated with positive specialty coffee characteristics. In ETH_1 coffee with the final cup quality score 88.25 was detected highest floral, fruity compounds and highest coffee– like roasted notes. The highest total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS•+˙ value showed Roastery_1 coffee samples (HON_1; KEN_1; COL_1) and the lowest values Roastery_2 coffee samples (HON_2; ETH_1; HON_3; SAL_1).The results indicate that the roastery specific roasting process parameters could influence not only volatile compounds profile and cup quality but also the total and individual phenolic compound content.
Detection of Dipole Modulation in CMB Temperature Anisotropy Maps from WMAP and Planck using Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Khan, Md Ishaque
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breakdown of rotational invariance of the primordial power spectrum manifests in the statistical anisotropy of the observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Hemispherical power asymmetry in the CMB may be caused due to a dipolar modulation, indicating the presence of a preferred direction. Appropriately re-scaled local variance maps of the CMB temperature anisotropy data effectively encapsulate this dipolar pattern. As a first-of-its-kind method, we train Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with such local variances as input features to distinguish statistically isotropic CMB maps from dipole modulated ones. Our trained ANNs are able to predict components of the amplitude times the unit vector of the preferred direction for mixed sets of modulated and unmodulated maps, with goodness of fit ($R^2$) scores $>0.97$ for full sky, and $>0.96$ for partial sky coverage. On all observed foreground-cleaned CMB maps, the ANNs detect the dipolar modulation signal with overall consistent values of amplitudes and directions. This detection is significant at $97.21\%-99.38\%$ C.L. for all full sky maps, and at $98.34\%-100\%$ C.L. for all partial sky maps. Robustness of the signal holds across full and partial skies, various foreground cleaning methods, inpainting algorithms, instruments and all the different periods of observation for Planck and WMAP satellites. The significant and robust detection of the signal, in addition to the consistency of values of amplitude and directions, as found independent of any pre-existing methods, further mitigates the criticisms of look-elsewhere effects and a posteriori inferences for the preferred dipole direction in the CMB.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
INAF e SAIt per le scienze dell’universo
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Tre premi, per un valore complessivo di 36.000 euro, quelli banditi dall'INAF in collaborazione con la SAIt e dedicati il primo alla comunicazione scientifica, il secondo alle ricercatrici italiane, il terzo all'eccellenza di singoli studiosi
An analysis of the mechanisms of pentobarbital induced myocardial depression by a study of electrolyte distribution
Creators: name: Robertson, Anne Cochrane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Continuous infusions of barbiturates in artificially-respired animals result in profound cardiovascular depression with terminal cardiac arrest. In an attempt to elucidate the nature of this cardiac depression at a cellular level, tissue electrolyte analyses were performed on mammalian hearts in failure following infusion of the intact animal with sodium pentobarbital. The patterns of electrolyte distribution encountered were compared to those in animals receiving control saline infusions, and to those in cats subjected to partial myocardial ischemia through ligation of the left coronary-artery. Significant species differences in resistance to the cardiolethal effect of pentobarbital were observed. On the basis of differences in effects on electrolyte distribution and pattern of failure, the conclusion was reached that myocardial ischemia was probably not responsible for pentobarbital failure in the cat and the dog. In cat auricles, pentobarbital exerted a selective action on electrolyte metabolism which may have been related to depression of atrial electrical activity. In addition, evidence was found of a direct action of pentobarbital on cardiac contractility independent of Na and K distribution. Control electrolyte values provided support for the hypothesis that electrolyte distribution is related to cardiac automaticity.
On dissociation of heavy mesons in a hot quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Dominguez, Fabio
name: Wu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two mechanisms for the dissociation of heavy mesons in an infinite quark-gluon plasma: dynamic Debye screening and multiple scattering. Using the uncertainty principle inspired by a Schrodinger-like equation, we find that the criterion a_B\simeq1/μ\simeq 1/(α_{eff}^{1/2}T) with α_{eff}\equivα(N_c+{N_f\over2}) is parametrically true both for the dissociation of fast moving heavy mesons with a size a_B due to dynamic Debye screening as well as for mesons at rest in the medium. In contrast, we find that the criterion for the dissociation of heavy mesons due to uncorrelated multiple scattering is parametrically 1/a_B \simeq [γα_{eff}\ln{1/α_{eff}}]^{1/3}T. Therefore, multiple scattering is a more efficient mechanism for the dissociation of heavy mesons in an infinite hot plasma.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures; minor changes, added references, accepted in Nuclear Physics A
Formulating the r-mode problem for slowly rotating neutron stars
Creators: name: Andersson, Nils
name: Gittins, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of inertial r-modes in stratified stars, drawing on a more precise description of the composition stratification in a mature neutron star. The results highlight issues with the traditional approach to the problem, leading us to rethink the computational strategy for r-modes of non-barotropic neutron stars. We outline two strategies for dealing with the problem. For moderate to slowly rotating neutron stars the only viable alternative may be to approach the problem numerically from the outset, while a meaningful slow-rotation calculation can be carried out for the fastest known spinning stars (which may be close to being driven unstable by the emission of gravitational waves). We demonstrate that the latter approach leads to a problem close, but not identical, to that for barotropic inertial modes. We also suggest that these reformulations of the problem likely resolve the long-standing problem of singular behaviour associated with a co-rotation point in rotating relativistic neutron stars. This issue needs to be resolved in order to guide future gravitational-wave searches.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in ApJ
The r-modes of slowly rotating, stratified neutron stars
Creators: name: Gittins, Fabian
name: Andersson, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The only r-modes that exist in a globally barotropic, rotating, Newtonian star are the fundamental $l = |m|$ solutions, where $l$ and $m$ are the indices of the spherical harmonic $Y_l^m$ that describe the mode's angular dependence. This is in stark contrast to a stellar model that is non-barotropic throughout its interior, which hosts all the $l \geq |m|$ perturbations including radial overtones. In reality, neutron stars are stratified with locally barotropic regions. Therefore, we explore how stratification alters a star's ability to support r-modes. We consider the globally stratified case and examine the behaviour of the modes as the star gets close to barotropicity. In this limit, we find that all but the fundamental $l = |m|$ perturbations change character and become generic inertial modes. Restricting the analysis to $l = |m|$ perturbations, we develop the r-mode equations in order to consider stellar models that exhibit local barotropicity. Our results for such models show that the r-mode overtones diverge and join the inertial modes. In order to see which r-modes persist and retain their character in realistic neutron stars, these calculations will need to be brought into full general relativity.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Il debutto di Gaia nella formazione
Creators: Alberto Cora
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Mercoledì 29 Gennaio, inizia la seconda edizione del corso di formazione (quasi tutto on-line) per insegnati delle scuole medie superiori, realizzato dall'Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) e battezzato CIELO@SCUOLA
Il book fotografico di Opportunity
Creators: Eleonora Ferroni
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

È stato il secondo dei gemelli Mars Exploration Rovers ad atterrare su Marte (poche settimane prima era atterrato Spirit). Dopo due lustri sul Pianeta rosso è ancora in buone condizioni. È al 3559° sol (giorno marziano) di missione, dopo aver guidato per 38,7 chilometri dal giorno dell'atterraggio e sta affrontando il suo sesto inverno marziano a Solander Point.
Se lo spazio danneggia il sistema immunitario
Creators: Giulia Bonelli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Un gruppo di ricercatori dell'Università Davis della California ha studiato gli effetti della microgravità spaziale sul sistema immunitario degli insetti Drosophila. Dimostrando che le condizioni nello spazio possono essere dannose per la risposta immunitaria. I risultati delllo studio su PLOS ONE.
Hawking: il buco nero non esiste
Creators: Giovanni Bignami
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Stephen Hawking, il settantenne fisico inglese gravemente malato di SLA da decenni, ma ancora lucidissimo, ha appena reso pubblico un suo lavoro nel quale sostiene che sia informazione sia energia possano non solo entrare, ma anche uscire da un buco nero. Esattamente il contrario di quanto sostenuto finora da Hawking stesso, e da tutti gli astrofici del mondo.
Current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance of a domain wall confined in a nano-oxide-layer
Creators: name: Sato, Jun
name: Matsushita, Katsuyoshi
name: Imamura, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance of a domain wall confined in a current-confined-path (CCP) structure made of a nano-oxide-layer (NOL). In order to calculate the MR ratio of the system, the continuity equations for charge and spin currents are numerically solved with the three-dimensional CCP geometry by use of finite element method. It is confirmed that the MR ratio is enhanced by the CCP structure, which is consistent with the experimental results.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 authors
Hawking: i buchi neri non esistono
Creators: Patrizia Caraveo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Su Nature News si annuncia un lavoro in attesa di pubblicazione firmato dal grande Hawking nel quale l'affermazione che il buco nero non fa scappare nulla, in base alla fisica quantistica, potrebbe non essere più vera. E con un po' di provocazione è stato detto che per Hawking il buco nero non esiste
Magnetic Mixing -- Electric Minicharges from Magnetic Monopoles
Creators: name: Bruemmer, Felix
name: Jaeckel, Joerg
name: Khoze, Valentin V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many extensions of the Standard Model require the existence of a "hidden" sector. We consider settings where the hidden sector in the infrared contains a U(1) gauge factor with magnetic monopoles, for instance 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles of an underlying non-abelian gauge group. In the presence of CP violation these monopoles acquire an electric charge in the hidden sector due to the Witten effect. We show that quite generally they also acquire (small) electric charges under the visible electromagnetic gauge group. This is a result of "magnetic mixing" which, as we show, often arises as a natural partner of kinetic mixing. Both kinetic and magnetic mixing are naturally induced radiatively even if the low-energy U(1)s arise from a single non-abelian gauge group. We argue that the hidden sector monopoles can be light and their electric minicharges could thus be testable in current and near future low-energy experiments.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
On the Super-Earths locked in the 3:2 mean-motion resonance
Creators: name: Łacny, A.
name: Szuszkiewicz, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first study of migration-induced resonances in a pair of Earth-like planets has been performed by Papaloizou and Szuszkiewicz (2005). They concluded that in the case of disparate masses embedded in a disc with the surface density expected for a minimum mass solar nebula at 5.2 au, the most likely resonances are ratios of large integers, such as 8:7. For equal masses, planets tend to enter into the 2:1 or 3:2 resonance. In Papaloizou and Szuszkiewicz (2005) the two low-mass planets have masses equal to 4 Earth masses, chosen to mimic the very well known example of two pulsar planets which are close to the 3:2 resonance. That study has stimulated quite a few interesting questions. One of them is considered here, namely how the behaviour of the plan- ets close to the mean-motion resonance depends on the actual values of the masses of the planets. We have chosen a 3:2 commensurability and investigated the outcome of an orbital migration in the vicinity of this resonance in the case of a pair of equal mass super-Earths, whose mass is either 5 or 8 Earth masses.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, conference proceedings of the Torun Exoplanets 2008
Lo spazio rosa, da Vostok 6 a Futura
Creators: Giulia Bonelli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Samantha Cristoforetti è la prima donna italiana che viaggerà nello spazio, alla fine del 2014. Ma qual è la storia dell’esplorazione spaziale femminile? Dall’Unione Sovietica agli Stati Uniti, dall’Inghilterra alla Francia, le astronaute protagoniste dagli anni ’60 fino a oggi.
Di uomini, sassi e stelle
Creators: Matteo De Giuli
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

L'archeoastronomia è una scienza interdisciplinare ancora giovane che, se affrontata con il giusto rigore, può portare a scoperte importanti sulla storia dell'architettura, dell'astronomia e del pensiero umano. Intervista all'archeoastronomo e fisico Giulio Magli
Un buco nero avaro di gas
Creators: Francesco Rea
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Sembra essere così per il buco nero nell'ammasso di galassie RX J1532.9 3021. Lo starebbe, infatti, tenendo tutto per sé, bloccando la nascita di migliaia di miliardi di stelle. È quanto evidenziato in una ricerca basata su dati dei satelliti Hubble e Chandra e apparsa su Astrophysical Journal lo scorso novembre.
title: Deep Image Segmentation for Defect Detection in Photo-lithography Fabrication
Creators: name: Paul, Omari
name: Abrar, Sakib
name: Mu, Richard
name: Islam, Riadul
name: Samad, Manar D.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image segmentation
subject: Machine learning
subject: surface acoustic wave sensor
subject: defect detection
subject: image segmentation
subject: convolutional neural network
subject: Fabrication
subject: Inspection
subject: Surface acoustic waves
subject: UMBC Cybersecurity Institute
subject: photo-lithography
subject: autoencoder
subject: Visualization
subject: Image sensors

description: 2023 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED),05-07 April 2023, San Francisco, CA, USA
description: Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors with increasingly unique and refined designed patterns are often developed using the lithographic fabrication processes. Emerging applications of SAW sensors often require novel materials, which may present uncharted fabrication outcomes. The fidelity of the SAW sensor performance is often correlated with the ability to restrict the presence of defects in post-fabrication. Therefore, it is critical to have effective means to detect the presence of defects within the SAW sensor. However, labor-intensive manual labeling is often required due to the need for precision identification and classification of surface features for increased confidence in model accuracy. One approach to automating defect detection is to leverage effective machine learning techniques to analyze and quantify defects within the SAW sensor. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach using a deep convolutional autoencoder to segment surface features semantically. The proposed deep image autoencoder takes a grayscale input image and generates a color image segmenting the defect region in red, metallic interdigital transducing (IDT) fingers in green, and the substrate region in blue. Experimental results demonstrate promising segmentation scores in locating the defects and regions of interest for a novel SAW sensor variant. The proposed method can automate the process of localizing and measuring post-fabrication defects at the pixel level that may be missed by error-prone visual inspection.
title: ÐÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ (Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ Â«ÐÐ Ð¡ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð¢ÑÐµÑÑÂ»)
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÑ
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description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ»Ð¸. Ð ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ. ÐÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾-ÑÐ¾Ð·ÑÐ¹ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸. ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð½Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÑ. ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ.
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Ð¥ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ â 2015-2017 Ð³Ð³.
Dream Chaser in orbita nel 2016
Creators: Eleonora Ferroni
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

La missione Dream Chaser potrebbe avvicinarsi finalmente alle fasi finali, dopo oltre un decennio di sviluppo e quasi 300 simulazioni di volo con i motori accesi a terra. Nell'ottobre del 2013 è stato effettuato un volo di prova fallito sulla pista d'atterraggio. Gli ingegneri della Sierra Nevada Corporation hanno in mente di migliorare le tecnologie della navicella e fra due anni ci sarà il vero e proprio test di volo orbitale.
A condensed matter interpretation of SM fermions and gauge fields
Creators: name: Schmelzer, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the bundle Aff(3) x C x /(R^3), with a geometric Dirac equation on it, as a three-dimensional geometric interpretation of the SM fermions. Each C x /(R^3) describes an electroweak doublet. The Dirac equation has a doubler-free staggered spatial discretization on the lattice space Aff(3) x C (Z^3). This space allows a simple physical interpretation as a phase space of a lattice of cells in R^3. We find the SM SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y action on Aff(3) x C x /(R^3) to be a maximal anomaly-free special gauge action preserving E(3) symmetry and symplectic structure, which can be constructed using two simple types of gauge-like lattice fields: Wilson gauge fields and correction terms for lattice deformations. The lattice fermion fields we propose to quantize as low energy states of a canonical quantum theory with Z_2-degenerated vacuum state. We construct anticommuting fermion operators for the resulting Z_2-valued (spin) field theory. A metric theory of gravity compatible with this model is presented too.
description: Minimal modifications in comparison with the published version
E’ esplosa una candela standard
Creators: Enrico Cappellaro e Massimo Della Valle
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2014

Il 22 gennaio è stata scoperta una Supernova in M82 (SN 2014J) in una delle galassie più vicine alla Via Lattea, a “solo” 4 Megaparsec (4 milioni di parsec) di distanza.  Dall'analisi dello spettro di SN 2014J è stato possibile verificare che si tratta di una SN di tipo Ia, Definite “candele standard“ sono di eccezionale utilità. Saul Pelmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schimdt studiando la luminosità delle Supernovae-Ia a grandi redshifts hanno scoperto l'espansione accelerata dell'Universo e hanno ricevuto il premio Nobel per la fisica nel 2012
Distributed vorticity model for vortex molecule dynamics
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sarthak
name: Brand, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of a hard wall trapping potential on the dynamics of a vortex molecule in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with linear coherent coupling. A vortex molecule consists of a vortex of the same charge in each component condensate connected by a domain wall of the relative phase. In a previous paper Ref.[Phys. RevA. 106,043319(2022)] we described the interaction of a vortex molecule with the boundary using the method of images by separately treating each component vortex as a point vortex, in addition to a Magnus force effect from the surface tension of the domain wall. Here we extend the model by considering a continuous distribution of image vorticity reflecting the effect of the domain wall on the vortex molecule phase structure. In the case of a precessing centered vortex molecule in an isotropic trap, distributing the image vorticity weakens its contribution to the precession frequency. We test the model predictions against numerical simulations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations in a two-dimensional circular disc and find support for the improved model.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; to appear in Physical Review A
Structure-aware Visualization Retrieval
Creators: name: Li, Haotian
name: Wang, Yong
name: Wu, Aoyu
name: Wei, Huan
name: Qu, Huamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the wide usage of data visualizations, a huge number of Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)-based visualizations have been created and shared online. Accordingly, there has been an increasing interest in exploring how to retrieve perceptually similar visualizations from a large corpus, since it can benefit various downstream applications such as visualization recommendation. Existing methods mainly focus on the visual appearance of visualizations by regarding them as bitmap images. However, the structural information intrinsically existing in SVG-based visualizations is ignored. Such structural information can delineate the spatial and hierarchical relationship among visual elements, and characterize visualizations thoroughly from a new perspective. This paper presents a structure-aware method to advance the performance of visualization retrieval by collectively considering both the visual and structural information. We extensively evaluated our approach through quantitative comparisons, a user study and case studies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and its advantages over existing methods.
description: Accepted to the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 22)
Inertial tolerancing and capability indices in an assembly production
Creators: name: Adragna, Pierre-Antoine
name: Pillet, Maurice
name: Formosa, Fabien
name: Samper, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional tolerancing considers the conformity of a batch when the batch satisfies the specifications. The characteristic is considered for itself and not according to its incidence in the assembly. Inertial tolerancing proposes another alternative of tolerancing in order to guarantee the final assembly characteristic. The inertia I2 = \sqrt{δ^2 + σ^2} is not toleranced by a tolerance interval but by a scalar representing the maximum inertia that the characteristic should not exceed. We detail how to calculate the inertial tolerances according to two cases, one aims to guarantee an inertia of the assembly characteristic the other a tolerance interval on the assembly characteristic by a Cpk capability index, in the particular but common case of uniform tolerances or more general with non uniform tolerances. An example will be detailed to show the results of the different tolerancing methods.