cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Social support and the quality of children's eyewitness testimony
Creators: name: Moston, S. J
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: It has been argued that children do not make competent witnesses. Their accounts of witnessed events tend to be limited in scope and they are seen as being highly suggestible. However, assessments of competency have been biased by situational variables such as stress at the time information is recalled. The provision of social support is one way of reducing stress but this issue has been neglected by eyewitness researchers, seemingly because of the assumption that the presence of a support person undermines the reliability of the interview. This thesis examined the conditions under which peer social support could influence children's testimony. It shows how fears concerning social support stem from a poor understanding of the causes of suggestibility and that social support can have considerable beneficial effects on testimony without undermining the quality of an account. The effects of social support were examined in three studies involving children aged from 4 to 10 years of age. In each study children witnessed a live staged event and were then asked to describe what had occurred. Several types of experimental interview were conducted, each being compared to a control group of children interviewed alone. The experimental interviews typically involved the interviewing of witnesses in the presence of a peer who had not witnessed the staged event. These additional children were termed non-witnesses, their purpose during the interviews being to provide social support. The mere presence of a non-witness peer had no effect on recall. However, when the non-witness was allowed to talk with the witness about the staged event prior to recall, their subsequent presence during the interview resulted in improved recall by the witness. The sharing of information was crucial to the improved recall performance. The results are the first experimental confirmation of the beneficial effects of social support on children's free recall.
Supertask Computation
Creators: name: Hamkins, Joel David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03D30; 03D60; 68Q05

description: Infinite time Turing machines extend the classical Turing machine concept to transfinite ordinal time, thereby providing a natural model of infinitary computability that sheds light on the power and limitations of supertask algorithms.
description: 19 pages. This is the text of a talk I gave for the conference on the Foundations of the Formal Sciences III, held in Vienna, September, 2001. (The logo on the cover page is incorrect.)
Multilevel Modelling of Electronic Health Records
Creators: name: Gasparini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The use of electronic health records (EHRs) is increasingly common in applied research, providing the opportunity to answer more relevant and detailed clinical questions. Among others, assessing the quality of routine care, enabling pragmatic clinical trials, investigating temporal trends and the natural evolution of diseases. The effective use of EHRs in medical research provides several opportunities, but challenges persist. The principal aim of this Thesis consists of investigating methodological challenges, with focus on the multilevel structure of EHRs. First, I studied shared frailty survival models for clustered survival data and the impact of model misspecification on estimates of risk and heterogeneity. Then, I investigated joint models for longitudinal and survival data and their use to account for the drop-out and observation processes in the analysis of longitudinal data. Drop-out and the timing between observations are likely not independent of the outcome of interest in the settings of EHRs, therefore violating common assumptions of traditional methods. Focussing on the observation process, I compared the joint modelling approach to other methods previously proposed in the literature via Monte Carlo simulation. Lastly, given the use of simulation methods throughout this Thesis, I introduced newly-developed software in R to aid, support, and supplement their analysis. The results of this Thesis highlight the importance of properly modelling the baseline hazard, frailty distribution, and assessing model fit in shared frailty survival models, as clinically-relevant biases may arise otherwise. Moreover, the joint modelling approach showed superior performance and flexibility when modelling the observation process, with a consistent pattern across all simulated scenarios. I illustrated the above-mentioned results in practice using real-world data on chronic kidney disease and intensive care medicine, emphasising once again the requirement for appropriate statistical methods that can accommodate the complexities commonly encountered in the settings of EHRs.
Elliptic de Sitter Space: dS/Z_2
Creators: name: Parikh, Maulik K.
name: Savonije, Ivo
name: Verlinde, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that for every event in de Sitter space, there is a CPT-conjugate event at its antipode. Such an ``elliptic'' $Z_2$-identification of de Sitter space provides a concrete realization of observer complementarity: every observer has complete information. It is possible to define the analog of an S-matrix for quantum gravity in elliptic de Sitter space that is measurable by all observers. In a holographic description, S-matrix elements may be represented by correlation functions of a dual (conformal field) theory that lives on the single boundary sphere. S-matrix elements are de Sitter-invariant, but have different interpretations for different observers. We argue that Hilbert states do not necessarily form representations of the full de Sitter group, but just of the subgroup of rotations. As a result, the Hilbert space can be finite-dimensional and still have positive norm. We also discuss the elliptic interpretation of de Sitter space in the context of type IIB* string theory.
description: LaTeX, 31 pages; v2: some points clarified, expanded section on string realization, minor corrections, references added
Measurement of the Hadronic Cross-Section for the Scattering of Two Virtual Photons at LEP
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
name: Abbiendi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of virtual photons is investigated using the reaction e+e- -> e+e- hadrons based on data taken by the OPAL experiment at e+e- centre-of-mass energies sqrt(s_ee)=189-209 GeV, for W>5 GeV and at an average Q^2 of 17.9 GeV^2. The measured cross-sections are compared to predictions of the Quark Parton Model (QPM), to the Leading Order QCD Monte Carlo model PHOJET to the NLO prediction for the reaction e+e- -> e+e-qqbar, and to BFKL calculations. PHOJET, NLO e+e- -> e+e-qqbar, and QPM describe the data reasonably well, whereas the cross-section predicted by a Leading Order BFKL calculation is too large.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to Eur.Phys.J. C
Petrogenesis and Concentric Zonation of the Belchertown Intrusive Complex, West-Central Massachusetts
Creators: name: Van Wagner, Karen June
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: The Belchertown Intrusive Complex is a ~164 km2 Devonian pluton that intruded Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in west-central Massachusetts. Intrusion of the pluton was synchronous with Acadian deformation (Ashwal, 1974). The complex is concentrically zoned, with a core of orthopyroxene-biotite monzodiorite, a middle zone of clinopyroxene-hornblende-biotite granodiorite, and an outermost zone of hornblende-biotite granodiorite. Zoning from a more to less hydrous mineral suite from the outside to the inside of the pluton led Ashwal (1974) to suggest that metamorphic hydration most strongly affected the outermost zones of the complex. Basaltic inclusions occur most commonly near the edges of the pluton. Many of these inclusions preserve textures suggestive of mafic-felsic magma interaction. The abundance of basaltic enclaves on the edges of the complex may suggest a bowl-shaped structure, with lower more mafic-dominated rocks exposed on
the edges of the complex. Bulk rock major element analyses of granitoids, basalts and gabbros, and diorites from all zones of the complex show that intermediate samples, regardless of zone, plot on a mixing line between mafic and felsic end members, supporting a model in which mafic and felsic magmas may have mingled and mixed. Trace element analyses of intermediate-composition samples are similar across the entire complex, with enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and a pronounced Nb trough. In contrast, trace element concentrations in both the mafic rocks (basaltic enclaves and gabbroic inclusions), and in the granitoids, show considerable variation. The diversity of composition within both the mafic and felsic end-members suggests that either fractionation or differing degrees of partial melting of source rocks may account for these compositional ranges. Sanukitoids comprise a majority of the inner zone, and point to the mixing of parental melts at depth in a subduction tectonic regime as a likely model of petrogenesis for the complex.
Virtual reality as a research method: is this the future of photo-elicitation?
Creators: name: McLaughlan, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Photo-elicitation is a method commonly employed by researchers attempting to answer questions about the relationship between our built environment and wellbeing. Despite the benefits of this method, there are limitations to the spatial, material and atmospheric understanding obtainable from a two-dimensional image. Given the increasing accessibility of virtual reality (VR) technology, this article reports results from a study that sought to understand whether VR could be the next logical step for researchers who currently employ photo-elicitation. 43 participants were shown the foyer and atrium space of a cancer treatment centre across three different mediums: photographs (14), a virtual environment (11) and a visit to the physical space (18). The variances between data quality obtained across these three experiences was analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-interviews as an alternative to both photo-elicitation and walk-through interviews. While there is much excitement about the possibilities of VR as a visual research method, little research critically evaluates the data quality obtainable using this new technology relative to more traditional methods. Finally, the article provides recommendations for optimising VR for research, relative to enhancing participant engagement and data richness
Cicurina (Cicurella) mixmaster Cokendolpher & Reddell 2001
Creators: name: Paquin, Pierre
name: Dupérré, Nadine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Hahniidae
Cicurina
Cicurina mixmaster

description: Cicurina (Cicurella) mixmaster Cokendolpher & Reddell 2001
(Figs 62–63, 129)
 Cicurina mixmaster Cokendolpher & Reddell 2001: 41, figs 8–9 (description of female). — Paquin & Hedin 2004: 3243–3246, 3249, 3253; Taylor et al. 2005: 98.
 HOLOTYPE female: “ Texas: Coryell County: Mixmaster Cave, Fort Hood. 5 Nov. 1998. J. Cokendolpher, J. Krejca, J. Reddell, M. Reyes ”. Examined (AMNH).
 Description. Female holotype
Total length: 5.76; carapace length: 2.79; carapace width: 1.98; opisthosoma length: 2.97. Eyes absent. Cheliceral promargin right side with 3 teeth (2 large, 1 small), left side likewise; retromargin right side with 7 denticles (3 large, 4 small), left side likewise. Leg I: total length: 7.98; femur: 2.30; patella: 0.83; tibia: 1.80; metatarsus: 1.85; tarsus: 1,20; leg IV: total length: 9.35; femur: 2.50; patella: 0.80; tibia: 2.25; metatarsus: 2.55; tarsus: 1.25. Tarsal claw IV: 0.17. Epigynum: 0.406 mm. Epigynal ventral plate with short transverse slit, bearing medial, very deep, inverted U-shaped indentation; atrium square, almost completely intruded by dome-shaped dorsal plate, atrial aperture small; bursa not enlarged nor fused; copulatory ducts separated at midpoint, reaching top primary lobe apex; copulatory ducts constriction located medially; primary pore visible (1 seen); stalk short, straight, obliquely directed, joining the primary lobe at the aperture of the dictynoid pore; dictynoid pore rounded; primary lobe hat-shaped; secondary lobe absent; fertilization canal short, reaching primary pore; fertilization duct medially attached to the primary lobe base.
 Distribution. Only reported from the type locality: Mixmaster Cave (Coryell County, Texas, Fig. 129).
 Remarks. Male unknown.
description: Published as part of Paquin, Pierre & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, of 60 troglobitic species of the subgenus Cicurella (Araneae: Dictynidae), and a first visual assessment of their distribution, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 2002 on page 33
Multifractality and the distribution of the Kondo temperature at the Anderson transition
Creators: name: Slevin, Keith
name: Kettemann, Stefan
name: Ohtsuki, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical simulations, we investigate the distribution of Kondo temperatures at the Anderson transition. In agreement with previous work, we find that the distribution has a long tail at small Kondo temperatures. Recently, an approximation for the tail of the distribution was derived analytically. This approximation takes into account the multifractal distribution of the wavefunction amplitudes (in the parabolic approximation), and power law correlations between wave function intensities, at the Anderson transition. It was predicted that the distribution of Kondo temperatures has a power law tail with a universal exponent. Here, we attempt to check that this prediction holds in a numerical simulation of Anderson's model of localisation in three dimensions.
description: published in European Physical Journal B, topical issue on "Recent advances in the theory of disordered systems."
Semiclassical force for electroweak baryogenesis: three-dimensional derivation
Creators: name: Kainulainen, Kimmo
name: Prokopec, Tomislav
name: Schmidt, Michael G.
name: Weinstock, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a semiclassical transport equation for fermions propagating in the presence of a CP-violating planar bubble wall at a first order electroweak phase transition. Starting from the Kadanoff-Baym (KB) equation for the two-point (Wightman) function we perform an expansion in gradients, or equivalently in the Planck constant h-bar. We show that to first order in h-bar the KB equations have a spectral solution, which allows for an on-shell description of the plasma excitations. The CP-violating force acting on these excitations is found to be enhanced by a boost factor in comparison with the 1+1-dimensional case studied in a former paper. We find that an identical semiclassical force can be obtained by the WKB method. Applications to the MSSM are also mentioned.
description: 19 pages
Makalah Indvidu & Makalah Kelompok
Creators: name: Yanti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Kewirausahaan, karakteristik, analisa, peluang, strategi, usaha

description: Makalah Indvidu menjelaskan tentang : Pengertian, ruang lingkup, karakteristik dan strategi kewirausahaan Makalah kelompok menjelaskan tentang : Sumber peluang usaha, analisa peluang sebelum dijadikan usaha dan karakteristik kewirausahaan
description: Makalah Individu di buat oleh : Yanti 11812054 (7B) Makalah Kelompok dibuat oleh : Melania Khoiriyah 11812035, Sulis Aspiyani 11812050, Yanti 11812054 (7B)
Conformity and Digression: Change of Narrative in a Chinese Peasant's Personal Writing
Creators: name: Wang, Danping
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: Rural China has gone through dramatic transformation from the Mao era to the post-Mao era. China scholars have been studying the institutional changes closely in the past few decades. However, Chinese peasants’ living experience and their memory and understanding of the past have not yet received enough attention and discussion. By examining personal writings of a peasant named Luo Xuechang in Jiande, Zhejiang province, this paper discusses the complex interactions between the state and the individual. This paper attempts to unfold the juxtaposition of state narratives and personal narratives embedded in Luo’s unpublished memoir, almanacs from 1972 to 1980, notebooks and other personal writings. By focusing on Luo’s writings on his family life, education, work and political perspectives, this paper reveals how Luo altered his personal narratives over time and how Luo carefully conformed with and digressed from state-produced national narratives to make sense of his own history.
Cicurina (Cicurella) orellia Gertsch 1992
Creators: name: Paquin, Pierre
name: Dupérré, Nadine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Hahniidae
Cicurina
Cicurina orellia

description: Cicurina (Cicurella) orellia Gertsch 1992
(Figs 68–69, 135)
 Cicurina orellia Gertsch 1992: 105, figs 107–108 (description of female). — Jackman 1997: 162.
 HOLOTYPE female: “ Texas: Real County, Orell Crevice Cave, 100 yards west of Orell Bat Cave; most found hanging from webs on wall. August 18, 1963 J. Reddell, D. McKenzie ”. Examined (AMNH).
 Description. Female holotype
Total length: 5.13; carapace length: 2.52; carapace width: 1.62; opisthosoma length 2.61. Eyes absent. Cheliceral promargin right side with 3 teeth (2 large, 1 small), left side likewise; retromargin right side with 6 denticles (3 large, 3 small), left side likewise. Leg I: total length: 7.40; femur: 2.00; patella: 0.75; tibia: 1.85; metatarsus: 1.75; tarsus: 1.05; leg IV: total length: 8.40; femur: 2.15; patella: 0.70; tibia: 2.05; metatarsus: 2.35; tarsus: 1.15. Tarsal claw IV: 0.15. Epigynum length: 0.434. Epigynal ventral plate with short transverse slit, bearing medial, deep, inverted U-shaped indentation; atrium rectangular, half intruded by rounded dorsal plate, atrial aperture moderate; bursa enlarged, not fused; copulatory ducts touching at midpoint, reaching top of primary lobe apex (left side) and over primary lobe apex (right side); copulatory ducts constriction located basally; primary pores not visible; stalk short, straight, obliquely directed, joining the primary lobe at the aperture of the dictynoid pore; dictynoid pore rounded; primary lobe kidney-shaped; secondary lobe absent; fertilization canal short reaching the dictynoid pore; fertilization duct internally attached to the primary lobe base.
 Distribution. Only reported from the type locality: Orell Crevice Cave (Real County, Texas, Fig. 135).
 Remarks. Male unknown. On the type label the information stating “most found hanging from webs on wall” does not refer to Cicurina, but to Agyneta llanoensis (Gertsch & Davis 1936) (James R. Reddell, pers. comm.).
description: Published as part of Paquin, Pierre & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, of 60 troglobitic species of the subgenus Cicurella (Araneae: Dictynidae), and a first visual assessment of their distribution, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 2002 on pages 34-35
Methylglyoxal Influences Development of Caenorhabditis Elegans via  Heterochronic Pathway
Creators: name: wang, jiaying
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, which is widely distributed in food products and beverages, and is particularly high in Manuka honey. In addition to its antibacterial effects, methylglyoxal is also known as a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), that produces altered macromolecules (such as proteins and DNA), leading to abnormal physiological changes. However, the effects of methylglyoxal on development is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of methylglyoxal in this aspect using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Treatment of methylglyoxal at 0.1 mM and 1 mM for 48 h significantly inhibited development of C. elegans and reduced pumping rate. Activity, measured by moving speed, was increased with 0.1 mM methylglyoxal, but reduced with 1 mM methylglyoxal. Lifespan of C. elegans was not influenced by methylglyoxal at 0.1 mM, but was shortened at 1 mM. Treatment methylglyoxal on the mutant, lin-41, which has a precocious phenotype, could alleviate the implication on wild-type worms. These results suggested that methylglyoxal significantly influenced the development of C. elegans through the heterochronic pathway.
Additional file 1 of Association between the vertebrobasilar artery geometry and basilar artery plaques determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinmei
name: Sun, Bin
name: Lin, Ruolan
name: Teng, Yongqi
name: Zhao, Xihai
name: Xue, Yunjing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Figures of six patients whose vascular geometry were not classified. Bilateral vertebral arteries cross to the contralateral, left VA in the right and right VA in the left, to form the basilar artery in the patient 1–3. Bilateral vertebral arteries cross to the contralateral, but left VA in the left and right VA in the right, to form the basilar artery in the patient 4–5. Bilateral vertebral arteries curve medially before forming the basilar artery in the patient 6. Figure S2. Schematic diagram of the diameter measurement of the vertebral artery. The measurement was made at three consecutive points, 3 mm apart, starting from the vertebrobasilar junction, the diameter of the vertebral artery was calculated as the average of the three measurement values. For example: (2.73 mm + 2.63 mm + 2.53 mm)/3 = 2.63 mm. Figure S3. Schematic diagram of multi-bending and oligo-bending. (A). Four bends were identified in the bilateral vertebral arteries’ intracranial segments, the patient was classified into the multi-bending group (total number of bends ≥ 3). (B). Not bend was identified in the intracranial segments of the vertebral arteries, the patient was assigned to the oligo-bending group (total number of bends < 3).
A Linguistic Study on the Four Editions of Bǎijiā xìng 百家姓 in hP’ags-pa Script
Creators: name: Wang, Sicheng
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: The hP’ags-pa script was created in the late 13th century (the early Yuan dynasty) which was intended to transliterate all the languages of the Mongol empire such as Tibetan, Uyghur and Chinese into a single writing system. Among all the Chinese hP’ags-pa materials, the primer Bǎijiā xìng 百家姓 [Surnames of the Hundred Families] (BJX) offered us extensive hP’ags-pa syllables and their corresponding Chinese characters.
The BJX in hP’ags-pa script has four editions that are currently known to scholars. A careful comparison and examination of the four editions of the BJX text reveals three main types of errors in hP’ags-pa syllables: (1) The misuse of similar-looking letters; (2) Pure clerical errors; and (3) Errors in the transliteration of variant pronunciations. The variant transliterations in the C edition provide some clues to sound changes, including (1) The devoicing of voiced stops and fricatives and (2) The loss of the bilabial nasal coda [m]. Aside from the variant transliterations, the majority of errors are purely graphic and reflect a lack of knowledge about the writing system.
An examination of the use of the hP’ags-pa script in the BJX text suggests several potential reasons for the failure of the script to come into common use. These include: (1) A misconception of the nature of the hP’ags-pa writing system; (2) An ineffective learning approach; (3) The discrepancy of phonological categories and phonetic values; and (4) The non-adaptability to the Chinese language.
Endogenous Switching Systems: Issues, Options, and Application to the U.S. Dairy Sector
Creators: name: Cornick, Jorge
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Cornick, Jorge
name: Cox, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Endogenous switching
subject: simultaneous equations
subject: bounded prices
subject: censored variables

description: This research explores the theoretical and applied issues associated with endogenous switching systems where market prices are bounded by policy instruments such as price supports Options for estimation of model parameters and their associated standard errors are identifdied and explored Application to the US dairy sector illustrates the research tradeoffs between conceptual rigor and empirical tracrability that characterize these models Results suggest that failure to explicitly address the endgenous switching context compromises the estimation results
Mass spectra of doubly heavy Omega_QQ' baryons
Creators: name: Kiselev, V. V.
name: Likhoded, A. K.
name: Pakhomova, O. N.
name: Saleev, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the masses of baryons composed of two heavy quarks and a strange quark with account for spin-dependent splittings in the framework of potential model with the KKO potential motivated by QCD with a three-loop beta-function for the effective charge consistent with both the perturbative limit at short distances and linear confinement term at long distances between the quarks. The factorization of dynamics is supposed and explored in the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation for the motion in the system of two heavy quarks constituting the doubly heavy diquark and the strange quark interaction with the diquark. The limits of approach, its justification and uncertainties are discussed. Excited quasistable states are classified by the quantum numbers of heavy diquark composed by the heavy quarks of the same flavor.
description: 14 pages, revtex4-file, 3 eps-figures, 5 tables, typos corrected
Investigating sex specific mechanisms of neuroprotection using mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
Creators: name: Raeed A. K. Altaee
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Ischaemic stroke initiates a pathological cascade resulting in brain injury and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only available and approved drug, thus identification of novel therapeutic targets is essential. There is increasing evidence that men and women differ in incidence, mortality, and outcome following stroke yet the majority of preclinical stroke studies tend to focus on single sex, for in vivo studies, or mixed-sex if using in vitro approaches.The aim of this study was to establish a sex-specific in vitro model of ischaemia to then investigate if the effectiveness of neuroprotective steroids (i.e. oestrogens, progestin) were affected by biological sex. The aim was also to identify sex differences in the molecular processes activated under ischaemic conditions. Male and female-derived organotypic hippocampal sliced cultures (OHSCs) were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in order to model ischaemia. Treatment with sex steroid hormones (e.g. progesterone and oestrogens) did reduce the amount of cell death but some sex differences were observed. Administration of a caspase inhibitor, i.e. Q-VD-OPH, significantly reduced the amount of cell death only in female-derived OHSCs while poly (ADP) - ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition, (via PJ-34 inhibition) significantly reduced the amount of cell death only in male-derived OHSCs. The ability of progesterone and oestrogens to induce neuroprotection were not affected, in both sexes, by the inhibition of caspase or PARP.Following the establishment of a sex-specific in vitro model of ischaemia we showed that caspase activation is a major contributor to cell death in female-derived cells only whereas, in contrast, PARP is a major contributor to cell death in males. This adds further evidence to sex differences in the specific elements of the cell death pathways activated following ischaemic stroke and highlights the need to consider sex effects when investigating novel therapeutic targets.
On the Normalization of the Neutrino-Deuteron Cross Section
Creators: name: Beacom, John F.
name: Parke, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well-known, comparison of the solar neutrino fluxes measured in SuperKamiokande (SK) by $ν+ e^- \to ν+ e^-$ and in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) by $ν_e + d \to e^- + p + p$ can provide a ``smoking gun'' signature for neutrino oscillations as the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle. This occurs because SK has some sensitivity to all active neutrino flavors whereas SNO can isolate electron neutrinos. This comparison depends crucially on the normalization and uncertainty of the theoretical charged-current neutrino-deuteron cross section. We address a number of effects which are significant enough to change the interpretation of the SK--SNO comparison.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PRD
Cicurina (Cicurella) pastura Gertsch 1992
Creators: name: Paquin, Pierre
name: Dupérré, Nadine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Hahniidae
Cicurina
Cicurina pastura

description: Cicurina (Cicurella) pastura Gertsch 1992
(Figs 72–73, 136)
 Cicurina pastura Gertsch 1992: 114, figs 123–124 (description of female). — Jackman 1997: 162.
 HOLOTYPE female: “ Water Pond Pasture Cave, Kerr Co., Texas. 16 Oct. 1976. D. Pate, R. Fieseler, C. Yates ”. Examined (AMNH).
 Description. Female holotype
Total length: 3.78; carapace length: 1.98; carapace width: 1.26; opisthosoma length: 1.80. Eyes absent. Cheliceral promargin right side with 3 teeth (2 large, 1 small), left side likewise; retromargin right side with 7 denticles (5 large, 2 small), left side 6 denticles (3 large, 3 small). Leg I: total length: 5.85; femur: 1.60; patella: 0.60; tibia: 1.45; metatarsus: 1.35; tarsus: 0.85; leg IV: total length: 6.60; femur: 1.75; patella: 0.65; tibia: 1.60; metatarsus: 1.70; tarsus: 0.90. Tarsal claw IV: 0.15. Epigynum: 0.346. Epigynal ventral plate with long transverse slit, bearing medial, shallow, inverted U-shaped indentation; atrium rectangular, half intruded by slightly rounded dorsal plate, atrial aperture moderate; bursa enlarged, not fused; copulatory ducts touching at midpoint, reaching well over primary lobe apex; copulatory ducts constriction located medially; primary pores visible (1 seen); stalk short, straight, obliquely directed, joining the primary lobe at the aperture of the dictynoid pore; dictynoid pore rounded; primary lobe kidney-shaped; secondary lobe absent; fertilization canal short, externally positioned from dictynoid pore; fertilization duct internally attached to the primary lobe base.
 Distribution. Only reported from the type locality: Water Pond Pasture Cave (Kerr County, Fig. 136).
 Remarks. Male unknown. The holotype vial contained the female holotype and four immature spiders not reported in Gertsch (1992). The position of the copulatory ducts may have been altered from their original position as the epigynum is damaged.
description: Published as part of Paquin, Pierre & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, of 60 troglobitic species of the subgenus Cicurella (Araneae: Dictynidae), and a first visual assessment of their distribution, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 2002 on page 36
Time and Tachyon
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent analysis suggests that the classical dynamics of a tachyon on an unstable D-brane is described by a scalar Born-Infeld type action with a runaway potential. The classical configurations in this theory at late time are in one to one correspondence with the configuration of a system of non-interacting (incoherent), non-rotating dust. We discuss some aspects of canonical quantization of this field theory coupled to gravity, and explore, following earlier work on this subject, the possibility of using the scalar field (tachyon) as the definition of time in quantum cosmology. At late `time' we can identify a subsector in which the scalar field decouples from gravity and we recover the usual Wheeler - de Witt equation of quantum gravity.
description: LaTeX file, 24 pages
A Representational-Hierarchical Account: A New Theory of False Memories
Creators: name: Wilson, D. Merika
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2017

description: Past research has supported a representational-hierarchical theory of memory and perception that extends the ventral visual stream into the medial temporal lobe. In this account, representations are organized in a hierarchical manner, such that structures located further anterior in the brain contain complex representations of whole objects and areas further posterior in the visual cortex contain representations of simple features. When conjunctive representations are compromised, an individual must rely on simple-feature representations to complete mnemonic and perceptual tasks. However, these simple-feature representations are susceptible to feature-level interference, which can cause false recognition of novel objects. The goal of the present study was to explore the account’s third assumption: the effect of interference. Experiment 1 examined the effect of interference on neural representations during fMRI. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of different types of interference on a behavioral memory task with older adults thought to have impaired conjunctive representations. Although the results of the first experiment were inconclusive, the second experiment revealed that older adults’ recognition memory performance was shielded from semantic, but not perceptual, interference. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Extensions of abelian varieties defined over a number field
Creators: name: Papanikolas, Matthew A.
name: Ramachandran, Niranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05 (Primary) 11F33, 14K15 (Secondary)

description: We study the arithmetic aspects of the finite group of extensions of abelian varieties defined over a number field. In particular, we establish relations with special values of L-functions and congruences between modular forms.
description: 11 pages
Trade Barriers and Countermeasures for Export of China’s Agricultural Products
Creators: name: WU, Lijing
name: WU, Lijing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural product export
subject: Trade barrier
subject: Countermeasures
subject: China

description: At present, export of China’s agricultural products is faced with many trade barriers, especially technological barriers. Trade barriers include (1) technological barriers (such as quarantine and inspection barrier, identity certification/authentication barrier and labeling rules barrier); (2) trade remedy barrier; (3) other non-tariff barriers (NTB). Through positioning and analysis of trade barriers of China’s agricultural products, it is known that technological barriers should not be deemed unreasonable totally. Some barriers also have certain positive significance. To respond to trade barriers, it comes up with countermeasures and recommendations from the perspective of agricultural producers and government. Agricultural producers should actively improve product quality, abide by requirement of importers, and treat quarantine and inspection in a rational manner; government should supply information and issue early warning, assist domestic producers in responding to lawsuits, and take advantage of WTO platform to solve trade disputes.
Thermal topology optimisation of a plasma facing component for use in next-generation fusion reactors
Creators: name: Marshall, Oliver H.R.
name: Margetts, Lee
name: Llion M. Evans
name: Roy, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The ITER tokamak, the experimental fusion reactor designed to be the first to produce net energy, has had a monoblock concept selected for use as a plasma facing component in the divertor region. This design currently consists of a CuCrZr cooling pipe surrounded by a copper interlayer and embedded in a tungsten armour plate. Additive manufacturing may facilitate a geometry capable of greater efficiency through the introduction of greater design freedom whilst maintaining compatibility with the monoblock concept. This is achieved through the addition of high conductivity material to the armour domain surrounding the coolant pipe. Finite element simulation of the heat transfer system combined with a topology optimisation methodology has been used to find the optimal distribution of high thermal conductivity material (such as Cu) for three thermal objectives: minimising temperature and thermal gradient, and maximising conductive heat flux. The topology optimisation relies on a density-based approach which makes use of the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes technique [1]. The optimised geometries have been tested for both steady state operation and transient heat flux events for both a symmetric, flat monoblock design and an asymmetric component designed to minimise leading edges. In high heat flux transient events, the optimisation resulted in temperature reductions of over 200K and reduced thermal gradients. These techniques may be used to help protect divertor components from damage in future devices.
An Evolutionary Expert System for Medical Diagnosis using Machine learning and Gestalt Laws
Creators: name: habbiche, lotfi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Engineering

description: Healthcare organizations usually maintain datasets that consist of historical patient data records describing specific medical diseases. The data collected for each patient contains predictive features, including analytical, clinical, and pathological data. In addition, each patient record is associated with a class indicating a specific diagnosis. Applications of AI in medical diagnostics are in their early stages of development. These applications can change the way clinicians and healthcare systems approach medical diagnostics. Therefore, they must prove their reliability, sensitivity and how they will be integrated into clinical practice without compromising clinical expertise.
Hydro+ in Action: Understanding the Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics Near a Critical Point in the QCD Phase Diagram
Creators: name: Rajagopal, Krishna
name: Ridgway, Gregory
name: Weller, Ryan
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming experimental programs will look for signatures of a possible critical point in the QCD phase diagram in fluctuation observables. To understand and predict these signatures, one must account for the fact that the dynamics of any critical fluctuations must be out-of-equilibrium: because of critical slowing down, the fluctuations cannot stay in equilibrium as the droplet of QGP produced in a collision expands and cools. Furthermore, their out-of-equilibrium dynamics must also influence the hydrodynamic evolution of the cooling droplet. The recently developed Hydro+ formalism allows for a consistent description of both the hydrodynamics and the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations, including the feedback between them. We shall explicitly demonstrate how this works, setting up a Hydro+ simulation in a simplified setting: a rapidity-independent fireball undergoing radial flow with an equation of state in which we imagine a critical point close to the $μ_B=0$ axis of the phase diagram. Within this setup, we show that we can quantitatively capture non-equilibrium phenomena, including critical fluctuations over a range of scales and memory effects. Furthermore, we illustrate the interplay between the dynamics of the fluctuations and the hydrodynamic flow of the fireball: as the fluid cools and flows, the dynamical fluctuations lag relative to how they would evolve if they stayed in equilibrium; there is then a backreaction on the flow itself due to the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations; and, in addition, the radial flow transports fluctuations outwards by advection. Within our model, we find that the backreaction from the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations does not yield dramatically large effects in the hydrodynamic variables. Further work will be needed in order to check this quantitative conclusion in other settings but, if it persists, this will considerably simplify future modelling.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures
Therapist perspectives on individual and group Compassion Focused Therapy for Eating Disorders
Creators: name: Kidd, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Systematic Literature Review:A systematic literature review explored quantitative papers investigating shame in clinical eating disorder (ED) groups. Following searches of four databases, 30 papers were deemed relevant to the current review and were selected for inclusion. Included studies suggested that shame was significantly correlated with ED symptoms, and that shame was significantly higher in ED groups compared to healthy control groups. Several variables were identified that may affect the relationship between shame and ED symptoms. The results suggested that shame is high in groups diagnosed with an ED but that the variables that affect this relationship have not been fully explored.
Empirical Research Project:Research into the group Compassion Focused Therapy for Eating Disorders (CFT-E) protocol has found encouraging results (Gale et al., 2014), but little research has been conducted into individual CFT-E. This research aimed to provide the first qualitative investigation of therapists’ understanding of the benefits, challenges and process of individual CFT-E (Part A) and provide a qualitative comparison of the benefits and challenges of group and individual CFT-E (Part B). Participants were therapists who conducted CFT-E in their clinical practice. For Part A, four therapists completed three qualitative interviews per client over the course of individual CFT-E interventions. For Part B, six therapists completed a qualitative interview about the benefits and challenges of individual and group CFT-E. For Part A, the thematic analysis created two major themes: “the therapeutic process of CFT-E” and “working through fears, blocks and resistances in therapy”. For Part B, eight themes were created using thematic analysis which reflected benefits and challenges of group and individual CFT-E. The research described the therapeutic process of individual CFT-E and highlighted the importance of fears, blocks and resistances. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Cicurina (Cicurella) platypus Cokendolpher 2004
Creators: name: Paquin, Pierre
name: Dupérré, Nadine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Hahniidae
Cicurina
Cicurina platypus

description: Cicurina (Cicurella) platypus Cokendolpher 2004
(Figs 76–77, 134)
 Cicurina platypus Cokendolpher 2004a: 18–20, 22, 24, 26–27, 34, 41, 51– 52, 54 (description of female). — Paquin & Hedin 2004: 3243–3245, 3247, 3253–3254; Reddell & Cokendolpher 2004: 80–81.
 HOLOTYPE female: “ Texas: Bexar County: Platypus Pit. 20 March 1995. J. Reddell, M. Reyes ”. Examined (AMNH).
 Additional material examined. UNITED STATES: Bexar County: MARS Pit (Camp Bullis), 29.x.2001 (molted on the 20.v.2002, 25.xi.2002, 15.viii.2003, 04.i.2004, matured on 03.iv.2005), 1♀, J. Krejca, P. Sprouse (TMM).
 Description. Female holotype
Total length: 5.67; carapace length: 2.70; carapace width: 1.80; opisthosoma length: 2.97. Eyes absent. Cheliceral promargin right side with 3 teeth (1 large, 2 small), left side likewise; retromargin right side with 7 denticles (4 large, 3 small), left side likewise. Leg I: total length: 9.45; femur: 2.40; patella: 0.85; tibia: 2.45; metatarsus: 2.30; tarsus: 1.45; leg IV: total length: 10.65; femur: 2.65; patella: 0.85; tibia: 2.65; metatarsus: 3.05; tarsus: 1.70. Tarsal claw IV: 0.20. Epigynum: 0.462. Epigynal ventral plate with long transverse slit, bearing medial, deep, inverted V-shaped indentation; atrium rectangular, almost intruded by rounded dorsal plate, atrial aperture small; bursa enlarged, not fused; copulatory ducts scarcely separated at midpoint, reaching top of primary lobe apex; copulatory ducts constriction located apically; primary pores not visible; stalk short, straight, obliquely directed, joining the primary lobe at the aperture of the dictynoid pore; dictynoid pore rounded; primary lobe hat-shaped; secondary lobe absent; fertilization canal short, externally positioned from dictynoid pore; fertilization duct internally attached to the primary lobe base.
 Distribution. Known only from two caves in Bexar County (Texas): MARS Pit and Platypus Pit (type locality) (Fig. 134).
 Remarks. Male unknown. According to Cokendolpher (2004a: 52), C. bullis and C. platypus are found in sympatry in Platypus Pit.
description: Published as part of Paquin, Pierre & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, of 60 troglobitic species of the subgenus Cicurella (Araneae: Dictynidae), and a first visual assessment of their distribution, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 2002 on page 38