cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Priors in Bayesian Causal Learning
Creators: name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Kern, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we investigate causal learning of independent causal mechanisms from a Bayesian perspective. Confirming previous claims from the literature, we show in a didactically accessible manner that unlabeled data (i.e., cause realizations) do not improve the estimation of the parameters defining the mechanism. Furthermore, we observe the importance of choosing an appropriate prior for the cause and mechanism parameters, respectively. Specifically, we show that a factorized prior results in a factorized posterior, which resonates with Janzing and Schölkopf's definition of independent causal mechanisms via the Kolmogorov complexity of the involved distributions and with the concept of parameter independence of Heckerman et al.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence
Spin-orbit interactions may relax the rigid conditions leading to flat bands
Creators: name: Kucska, Nóra
name: Gulácsi, Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flat bands are of extreme interest in a broad spectrum of fields since given by their high degeneracy, a small perturbation introduced in the system is able to push the ground state in the direction of an ordered phase of interest. Hence the flat band engineering in real materials attracts huge attention. However, manufacturing a flat band represents a difficult task because its appearance in a real system is connected to rigid mathematical conditions relating a part of Hamiltonian parameters. Consequently, whenever a flat band is desired to be manufactured, these Hamiltonian parameters must be tuned exactly to the values fixed by these rigid mathematical conditions. Here we demonstrate that taking the many-body spin-orbit interaction (SOI) into account -- which can be continuously tuned e.g. by external electric fields --, these rigid mathematical conditions can be substantially relaxed. On this line we show that a $\sim 20-30 \%$ variation in the Hamiltonian parameters rigidly fixed by the flat band conditions can also lead to flat bands in the same or in a bit displaced position on the energy axis. This percentage can even increase to $\sim 80 \%$ in the presence of an external magnetic field. The study is made in the case of conducting polymers. These systems are relevant not only because they have broad application possibilities, but also because they can be used to present the mathematical background of the flat band conditions in full generality, in a concise, clear and understandable manner applicable everywhere in itinerant systems.
Modeling DNA beacons at the mesoscopic scale
Creators: name: Errami, Jalal
name: Peyrard, Michel
name: Theodorakopoulos, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report model calculations on DNA single strands which describe the equilibrium dynamics and kinetics of hairpin formation and melting. Modeling is at the level of single bases. Strand rigidity is described in terms of simple polymer models; alternative calculations performed using the freely rotating chain and the discrete Kratky-Porod models are reported. Stem formation is modeled according to the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois Hamiltonian. The kinetics of opening and closing is described in terms of a diffusion-controlled motion in an effective free energy landscape. Melting profiles, dependence of melting temperature on loop length, and kinetic time scales are in semiquantitative agreement with experimental data obtained from fluorescent DNA beacons forming poly(T) loops. Variation in strand rigidity is not sufficient to account for the large activation enthalpy of closing and the strong loop length dependence observed in hairpins forming poly(A) loops. Implications for modeling single strands of DNA or RNA are discussed.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Eur. J. Phys. E
Two-Fluid Viscous Modified Gravity on a RS Brane
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Singularities in the dark energy late universe are discussed, under the assumption that the Lagrangian contains the Einstein term R plus a modified gravity term R^α, where αis a constant. The 4D fluid is taken to be viscous and composed of two components, one Einstein component where the bulk viscosity is proportional to the scalar expansion θ, and another modified component where the bulk viscosity is proportional to the power θ^{2α-1}. Under these conditions it is known from earlier that the bulk viscosity can drive the fluid from the quintessence region (w > -1) into the phantom region (w1/2, carries over to the 5D metric in the bulk, |y|>0. The present investigation generalizes that of an earlier paper [I. Brevik, arXiv:0807.1797; to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C] in which only a one-component modified fluid was present.
description: 8 pages, no figures; to appear in Gravitation & Cosmology
Reconciling multi-messenger constraints with chiral symmetry restoration
Creators: name: Marczenko, Michał
name: Redlich, Krzysztof
name: Sasaki, Chihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the recent astrophysical constraints in the context of a hadronic equation of state (EoS), in which the baryonic matter is subject to chiral symmetry restoration. We show that with such EoS it is possible to reconcile the modern constraints on the neutron star (NS) mass, radius, and tidal deformability (TD). We find that the softening of the EoS, required by the TD constraint of a canonical $1.4~M_\odot$ NS, followed by a subsequent stiffening, required by the $2~M_\odot$ constraint, is driven by the appearance of $Δ$ matter due to partial restoration of chiral symmetry. Consequently, a purely hadronic EoS that accounts for the fundamental properties of quantum chromodynamics linked to the dynamical emergence of parity doubling with degenerate masses of nucleons and $Δ$ resonances can be fully consistent with multi-messenger data. Therefore, with the present constraints on the EoS, the conclusion about the existence of the quark matter in the stellar core may still be premature.
description: version accepted for publication ApJ Letters
High T$_c$ superconductivity in superhard diamond-like BC$_{5}$
Creators: name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density functional theory calculations we show that the recently-synthesized, superhard diamond-like BC$_5$ is superconducting with a critical temperature of the same order than that of MgB$_2$. The average electron-phonon coupling is $λ=0.89$, the phonon-frequency logarithmic-average is $_{\log}=67.4 $ meV and the isotope coefficients are $α(C)=0.3$ and $α(B)=0.2$. In BC$_5$, superconductivity is mostly sustained by vibrations of the B atom and its C neighbors.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear on Phys. Rev. Lett
Pseudosida szalayi
Creators: name: Gusakov, Vladimir A.
name: Dien, Tran Duc
name: Tran, Hoan Quoc
name: Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai
name: Huan, Phan Trong
name: Ha, Vo Thi
name: Dinh, Cu Nguyen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Branchiopoda
Ctenopoda
Sididae
Pseudosida
Pseudosida szalayi

description: 2. Pseudosida szalayi (Daday, 1898)
Localities and specimens found: 46 − 2♀; 49 − 1♀; 50 − 7♀, 3j; 59 − 1♀; 60 − 1♀.
Distribution and ecology. According to modern concepts, this species is chiefly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. The northern limit of its range passes through Northern India, Central China and the Russian Far East (the Lower Amur River basin), whereas in the south it reaches New Guinea and north of Australia (Korovchinsky 2010, 2018; Korovchinsky et al. 2021b). Pseudosida szalayi is well known in most Oriental and neighbouring countries under its original name (Korovchinsky 2010, 2013; Chatterjee et al. 2013; Kotov et al. 2013b; Padhye & Dumont 2015; Sinev & Yusoff 2015, 2018; Sinev et al. 2015; Xiang et al. 2015; Lopez et al. 2017; Sharma & Sharma 2017; Siboualipha et al. 2020; Tiang-nga et al. 2020; Choedchim & Maiphae 2023). In addition, in many sources (e.g., Shirota 1966; Fernando 1974; Idris & Fernando 1981; Idris 1983; Sharma & Michael 1987; Michael & Sharma 1988; Sanoamuang 1998; Maiphae et al. 2005, 2008; Tanaka & Ohtaka 2010; Rane 2011, etc.), it has been mistakenly reported in the region as a related Neotropical species P. bidentata Herrick, 1884 (see comments in Korovchinsky 2010, 2018; Chatterjee et al. 2013; Kotov et al. 2012, 2013b; Xiang et al. 2015; Lopez et al. 2017; Sharma & Sharma 2017). In Vietnam, this crustacean has been recorded (including as P. bidentata) only in southern provinces so far (Shirota 1966; Dang & Pham 1979; Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013; present study).
The lifestyle and ecology of P. szalayi are poorly studied. It lives mainly among aquatic vegetation, to which the crustacean apparently attaches itself by means of hook-shaped setae on its antennae (Korovchinsky et al. 2021b). Pseudosida szalayi can also be found on the bottom. The species has been recorded in various water bodies and biotopes: littoral zones of lakes, ponds, ditches, channels, paddy fields, swamps, small pools, etc. (Idris 1983; Korovchinsky 2010; Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013; Sinev & Yusoff 2015, 2018; Siboualipha et al. 2020; Choedchim & Maiphae 2023). In our material, a few individuals of P. szalayi were registered only in shallow, vegetation-rich floodplain lakes, both on the bottom and among the roots of a water hyacinth (see Appendix 1).
description: Published as part of Gusakov, Vladimir A., Dien, Tran Duc, Tran, Hoan Quoc, Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai, Huan, Phan Trong, Ha, Vo Thi & Dinh, Cu Nguyen, 2025, An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. III. Water fleas (Cladocera), pp. 401-455 in Zootaxa 5613 (3) on pages 405-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15216705
Semantics for Variational Quantum Programming
Creators: name: Jia, Xiaodong
name: Kornell, Andre
name: Lindenhovius, Bert
name: Mislove, Michael
name: Zamdzhiev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a programming language that can manipulate both classical and quantum information. Our language is type-safe and designed for variational quantum programming, which is a hybrid classical-quantum computational paradigm. The classical subsystem of the language is the Probabilistic FixPoint Calculus (PFPC), which is a lambda calculus with mixed-variance recursive types, term recursion and probabilistic choice. The quantum subsystem is a first-order linear type system that can manipulate quantum information. The two subsystems are related by mixed classical/quantum terms that specify how classical probabilistic effects are induced by quantum measurements, and conversely, how classical (probabilistic) programs can influence the quantum dynamics. We also describe a sound and computationally adequate denotational semantics for the language. Classical probabilistic effects are interpreted using a recently-described commutative probabilistic monad on DCPO. Quantum effects and resources are interpreted in a category of von Neumann algebras that we show is enriched over (continuous) domains. This strong sense of enrichment allows us to develop novel semantic methods that we use to interpret the relationship between the quantum and classical probabilistic effects. By doing so we provide the first denotational analysis that relates models of classical probabilistic programming to models of quantum programming.
Local Cloning of Entangled Qubits
Creators: name: Choudhary, Sujit K.
name: Kunkri, Samir
name: Rahaman, Ramij
name: Roy, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the exact cloning of orthogonal but entangled qubits under local operations and classical communication. The amount of entanglement necessary in blank copy is obtained for various cases. Surprisingly this amount is more than 1 ebit for certain set of two nonmaximal but equally entangled states of two qubits system. To clone any three two qubits Bell states at least log2 3 ebit is necessary.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Geometric cross sections of rotating strings and black holes
Creators: name: Matsuo, Toshihiro
name: Oda, Kin-ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production cross section of a highly excited string with fixed angular momentum from an ultra-high energy collision of two light strings. We find that the cross section exhibits geometric behavior in a certain region of angular-momentum/impact-parameter space. This geometric behavior is common to the differential cross sections of a black hole production with fixed angular momentum and thus we see another correspondence between strings and black holes.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures (v1); comments, references, and Appendix D added (v2)
An evaluation of policy for public spas and hot tubs in British Columbia
Creators: name: Crandall, Robert A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Increasing numbers of deaths, injuries, and disease outbreaks associated with the use of spas and hot tubs have created increasing concern about the effectiveness of existing spa management policies and procedures. The problem of devising appropriate public spa policies is complicated by the high degree of uncertainty related to spa management. In examining this problem, the thesis evaluates policy for public spas and hot tubs and proposes a set of policies for the Province of British Columbia which would provide reasonable public health and safety protection. The potential hazards associated with spa use are examined in order to identify the risks and uncertainties which pose difficulties for spa management. The difficulties illuminate several basic issues which policy evaluation must address. A framework is developed for evaluating spa management policies based upon public policy and public health literature. Using criteria established by the evaluative framework, spa policies and practices in selected jurisdictions of the United States and Canada are evaluated. Literature and interviews obtained from government agencies, the industry, spa operators and others are used as a basis of information for the evaluation. A set of spa policies for British Columbia is then proposed which is designed to meet the evaluative criteria and overcome existing deficiencies evidenced by the U.S.-Canadian experience. The results of the study indicate that potential hazards associated with public spas and hot tubs justify government regulation of spa management in a manner different from regulation of swimming pool and other public bathing activities. Spa policies in British Columbia which provide reasonable public health protection should be developed to accomplish the following; (1) precisely define spa hazards, (2) provide an acceptable level of "safe" conditions for spa users and the public, (3) actively involve spa users and operators in policy development, (4) provide policy implementation measures which effectively deal with the variable conditions of spas, and (5) organize a social learning process to reduce uncertainties and improve spa management practices. Specific recommendations for attaining these objectives are suggested.
Exploring Associations Between Sleep, Physical Activity And Glycaemic Control
Creators: name: Plekhanova, Tatiana
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background:Physical activity and sleep are lifestyle behaviours associated with health and well-being. However, few studies have examined a potential interaction among the two behaviours and most investigations of these relationships relied on self-report. Wrist accelerometers can capture the whole 24-hour physical behaviour profile but limited data on the validity of these to measure sleep exists.Aims:1) Assess the criterion validity of an automated sleep detection algorithm for common research-grade raw acceleration accelerometers worn on both wrists against polysomnography.2) Establish comparability of sleep outcomes between common research-grade raw acceleration accelerometer brands, wrist placements, and sleep log condition (with/without) in free-living setting.3) Examine the effect of exercise on sleep and the bidirectional associations with accelerometer-assessed physical activity in men with obesity.4) Examine associations between chronotype, accelerometer-assessed sleep duration and physical activity, and short-term glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.Key findings:1) The automated sleep detection algorithm applied to three commonly used accelerometers, worn on either wrist, provides comparable estimates of sleep compared to polysomnography but a poor measure of wakefulness during the sleep period.2) At group level, sleep data were comparable from different accelerometers worn on either wrist irrespective of the accelerometer brand when the sleep log was not used.3) An exercise intervention had a chronic but not an acute effect on sleep duration. Day-to-day, more physical activity predicted earlier timing of sleep onset, but worse sleep quality during the following night and vice versa.4) Being a morning or evening chronotype was not associated with short-term glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Achieving optimal sleep duration and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity could be important for daily glucose regulation.Conclusions:Wrist accelerometry can be used to assess sleep and provides concurrent measures of physical activity and sleep. Evidence of an inter-relationship between the two behaviours and their association with glucose profiles highlights the importance of measuring the full 24-hour day of physical behaviours in future studies.
Competition between shear and biaxial extensional viscous dissipation in the expansion dynamics of Newtonian and rheo-thinning liquid sheets
Creators: name: Louhichi, Ameur
name: Charles, Carole-Ann
name: Arora, Srishti
name: Bouteiller, Laurent
name: Vlassopoulos, Dimitris
name: Ramos, Laurence
name: Ligoure, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a drop of fluid hits a small solid target of comparable size, it expands radially until reaching a maximum diameter and subsequently recedes. In this work, we show that the expansion process of liquid sheets is controlled by a combination of shear (on the target) and biaxial extensional (in the air) deformations. We propose an approach toward a rational description of the phenomenon for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by evaluating the viscous dissipation due to shear and extensional deformations, yielding a prediction of the maximum expansion factor of the sheet as a function of the relevant viscosity. For Newtonian systems, biaxial extensional and shear viscous dissipation are of the same order of magnitude. On the contrary, for thinning solutions of supramolecular polymers, shear dissipation is negligible compared to biaxial extensional dissipation and the biaxial thinning extensional viscosity is the appropriate quantity to describe the maximum expansion of the sheets. Moreover, we show that the rate-dependent biaxial extensional viscosities deduced from drop impact experiments are in good quantitative agreement with previous experimental data and theoretical predictions for various viscoelastic liquids.
Time Dependent Pairing Equations for Seniority One Nuclear Systems
Creators: name: Mirea, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the time dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov intrinsic equations of motion are solved in the case of seniority one nuclear systems, the unpaired nucleon remains on the same orbital. The blocking effect hinders the possibility to skip from one orbital to another. This unpleasant feature is by-passed with a new set of pairing time dependent equations that allows the possibility that the unpaired nucleon changes its single-particle level. These equations generalize the time dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations of motion by including the Landau-Zener effect. The derivation of these new equations is presented in details. These equations are applied in the case of a superasymmetric fission process, that is, in order to explain the fine structure the 14C emission from 233Ra. A new version of the Woods-Saxon model extended for two-center potentials is used in this context.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
On the molecular mechanism behind the bubble rise velocity jump discontinuity in viscoelastic liquids
Creators: name: Bothe, Dieter
name: Niethammer, Matthias
name: Pilz, Christian
name: Brenn, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.3; G.1.8; I.6.5; J.2; J.6
subject: 76Axx, 76A10, 65Mxx, 65Pxx, 70Bxx, 70Kxx, 70Sxx

description: Bubbles rising in viscoelastic liquids may exhibit a jump discontinuity of the rise velocity as a critical bubble volume is exceeded. The phenomenon has been extensively investigated in the literature, both by means of experiments as well as via numerical simulations. The occurrence of the velocity jump has been associated with a change of the bubble shape under the formation of a pointed tip at the rear end and to the appearance of a so-called negative wake with the liquid velocity behind the bubble, pointing in the opposite direction to that in viscous Newtonian fluids. We revisit this topic, starting with a review of the state of knowledge on the interrelations between the mentioned characteristic features. In search for a convincing explanation of the jump phenomenon, we performed detailed numerical simulations of the transient rise of single bubbles in 3D, allowing for a local polymer molecular conformation tensor analysis. The latter shows that polymer molecules traveling along the upper bubble hemisphere are stretched in the circumferential direction, due to the flow kinematics. Then, depending on the relaxation time scale of the polymer, the stored elastic energy is either unloaded essentially above or below the bubble's equator. In the former case, this slows down the bubble, while the bubble gets accelerated otherwise. In this latter case, the relative velocity of the polymer molecules against the bubble is increased, giving rise to a self-amplification of the effect and thus causing the bubble rise velocity to jump to a higher level. Detailed experimental velocity measurements in the liquid field around the bubble confirmed the conclusion that the ratio of the time scale of the Lagrangian transport of polymer molecules along the bubble contour to the relaxation time scale of the polymer molecules determines the sub- or supercritical state of the bubble motion.
description: 51 pages, 36 figures, 1 table
Comparison of some growth characteristics between two different Douglas-fir ecosystems of the same age and site index
Creators: name: Jaeger, Brigitte Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study compared growth characteristics of two naturally established, unmanaged, late-immature, Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stands. Both stands were very similar in regards to age, site index, relative density and history, but represented two different ecosystems. The objective was to determine and explain differences in major growth characteristics between the two stands. The ecosystems were identified at all levels of the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification. The analysis of the ecosystems confirmed that the selected stands were considerably different in their ecotope. The stand in which Douglas-fir was moderately shade-tolerant had a warm and drier mesothermal climate. The other stand in which Douglas-fir was shade-intolerant had a cold and wetter mesothermal climate. Comparing edatopic differences, the site of the first stand was drier and had a poorer nutrient status than that of the second stand. The classification and site indices of Douglas-fir determined for the stands were in agreement with those predicted by Krajina (1969). The stand in which Douglas-fir was moderately shade-tolerant had a multilayered stand structure and the associated growth characteristics resembled those of an uneven-aged stand of shade-tolerant tree species. The stand in which Douglas-fir was shade-intolerant had a uniform canopy and the associated characteristics were typical for an even-aged stand of shade-intolerant tree species. Adjusting for a six year difference in age, there was a 15 percent difference in volume in favour of the stand in which Douglas-fir was shade-intolerant. The analysis of stand structure and relationship of density to a number of growth characteristics indicated consistent differences between the stands, which appeared to be correlated to shade tolerance of Douglas-fir. Despite the similar site index and relative density index, it was concluded that there was a disparity in stand structure and volume production, which was related to ecological differences. A small number of samples and unknown initial density levels however, limit the validity of conclusions reached. The described trends and relationships need to be verified by further integrated studies. If such studies can confirm the relationship between ecosystem taxa and growth characteristics as described in this study, the adoption of a selective ecosystem-specific approach to stand management and construction of yield tables for Douglas-fir should be recommended. This could help to fully utilize the production potential of a site and to accurately predict stand development.
Chern Invariants of Topological Continua; a Self-Consistent Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Model
Creators: name: Pakniyat, Samaneh
name: Gangaraj, S. Ali Hassani
name: Hanson, George W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk-edge correspondence is a fundamental principle of topological wave physics, which states that the difference in gap Chern numbers between the interfaced materials is equal to the net number of topological edge modes. Although this principle works well for periodic photonic topological insulators, difficulties arise in the case of continuous systems with no intrinsic periodicity, due to the absence of a finite Brillouin zone, which may lead to an ill-behaved response for diverging wavenumbers. This problem has been solved previously by introducing an ad hoc material model including a spatial cutoff wavenumber. However, this method introduces other difficulties, such as an unphysical response at large wavenumbers, and the need to interpolate the interfaced materials permittivity functions. In this work, we show that the inclusion of realistic spatial dispersion (e.g., hydrodynamic nonlocality) formally restores the bulk-edge correspondence by avoiding an unphysical response at large wavenumbers, forming a complete, self-consistent model. This model clarifies the subtle and rich topological wave physics of continuous media.
Non-perturbative renormalization of the static vector current and its O(a)-improvement in quenched QCD
Creators: name: Palombi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out the renormalization and the Symanzik O(a)-improvement programme for the static vector current in quenched lattice QCD. The scale independent ratio of the renormalization constants of the static vector and axial currents is obtained non-perturbatively from an axial Ward identity with Wilson-type light quarks and various lattice discretizations of the static action. The improvement coefficients cVstat and bVstat are obtained up to O(g_0^4)-terms by enforcing improvement conditions respectively on the axial Ward identity and a three-point correlator of the static vector current. A comparison between the non-perturbative estimates and the corresponding one-loop results shows a non-negligible effect of the O(g_0^4)-terms on the improvement coefficients but a good accuracy of the perturbative description of the ratio of the renormalization constants.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures; two paragraphs added at the end of sect. 5; version as accepted for publication in JHEP
Highly efficient acoustooptic diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals
Creators: name: Martynyuk-Lototska, I. Yu.
name: Mys, O. G.
name: Grabar, A. A.
name: Stoika, I. M.
name: Vysochanskii, Yu. M.
name: Vlokh, R. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the acoustooptic (AO) diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals and found that they manifest high values of AO figure of merit. The above crystals may therefore be used as highly efficient materials in different AO applications.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Clarifying transfer function approximations for the large-scale gravitational wave background in $Λ$CDM
Creators: name: Kite, Thomas
name: Chluba, Jens
name: Ravenni, Andrea
name: Patil, Subodh P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial gravitational wave background (GWB) offers an exciting future avenue of discovery for new physics. Its information content encodes multiple eras in the early Universe's history, corresponding to many orders of magnitude in frequency and physical scale to be measured today. By numerically solving for the GW transfer functions we provide simple yet accurate formulas describing the average power of the large-scale energy spectrum of the GWB for arbitrary primordial tensor power spectra. In doing so we can pedagogically explain and clarify previous GWB literature, highlight the important cosmological parameters of various GWB features, and reveal multiple ways in which cancelling conceptual errors can give deceptively accurate results. The scales considered here are particularly important for CMB probes of the GWB, via $B$-modes and spectral distortions. In particular, we carefully study the effects of both neutrino damping, and the precise nature of the transition between the radiation-dominated (RD) and matter-dominated (MD) eras. A byproduct of numerically solving the problem is the ability to study the robustness of common approximations in the literature. Specifically, we show that a numerical treatment is especially important around the RD--MD transition, and for a brief moment of history where neutrino damping occurs during MD. In passing we also discuss the effects of late acceleration caused by dark energy -- showing that this can be neglected in most practical GWB applications -- and the effects of changing relativistic degrees of freedom on the GWB at very small-scales.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Extension theorems for differential forms and Bogomolov-Sommese vanishing on log canonical varieties
Creators: name: Greb, Daniel
name: Kebekus, Stefan
name: Kovács, Sándor J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J17, 14F17

description: Given a p-form defined on the smooth locus of a normal variety, and a resolution of singularities, we study the problem of extending the pull-back of the p-form over the exceptional set of the desingularization. For log canonical pairs and for certain values of p, we show that an extension always exists, possibly with logarithmic poles along the exceptional set. As a corollary, it is shown that sheaves of reflexive differentials enjoy good pull-back properties. A natural generalization of the well-known Bogomolov-Sommese vanishing theorem to log canonical threefold pairs follows.
description: final version with improved exposition and several minor clarifications and corrections
On the problem of phase transitions in lysozyme crystals
Creators: name: Vasylkiv, Yu.
name: Nastishin, Yu.
name: Vlokh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental evidence of the fact that lysozyme crystals, which are grown from their mother solution and exist in it, dissolve on heating above T=307 K. We argue that the anomaly in the light scattering recently observed at the temperature T=307 K and identified in the reference [Svanidze A. V. et al. 2006. JETP Lett. 84: 551] as a structural crystalline phase transition in the single lysozyme crystals, in fact, corresponds to a temperature limit of the crystal existence.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray bounds on nonbirefringent modified-Maxwell theory
Creators: name: Klinkhamer, F. R.
name: Risse, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particularly simple Lorentz-violating modification of the Maxwell theory of photons maintains gauge invariance, CPT, and renormalization. This modified-Maxwell theory, coupled to standard Dirac particles, involves nineteen dimensionless "deformation parameters." Ten of these parameters lead to birefringence and are already tightly constrained by astrophysics. New bounds on the remaining nine nonbirefringent parameters can be obtained from the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Using selected UHECR events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory and assigning pseudo-random directions (i.e., assuming large-scale isotropy), Cherenkov bounds are found at the 10^{-18} level, which improve considerably upon current laboratory bounds. Future UHECR observations may reduce these Cherenkov bounds to the 10^{-23} level. An Addendum with two-sided bounds has been published separately [Phys. Rev. D 77, 117901 (2008), arXiv:0806.4351].
description: 16 pages, v6: included reference to a published Addendum
Enhanced radiative strength in the quasi-continuum of 117Sn
Creators: name: Agvaanluvsan, U.
name: Larsen, A. C.
name: Chankova, R.
name: Guttormsen, M.
name: Mitchell, G. E.
name: Schiller, A.
name: Siem, S.
name: Voinov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative strength functions of 117Sn has been measured below the neutron separation energy using the (3He,3He'gamma) reactions. An increase in the slope of the strength functions around E_gamma= 4.5 MeV indicates the onset of a resonance-like structure, giving a significant enhancement of the radiative strength function compared to standard models in the energy region 4.5 <= E_gamma <= 8.0 MeV. For the first time, the functional form of this resonance-like structure has been measured in an odd tin nucleus below neutron threshold in the quasi-continuum region.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Polytobacco product use among current cigarette smokers in Hong Kong, China: results from population surveys (2015–17)
Creators: name: S. L. Chau
name: Wang, M. P.
name: Y. Wu
name: D. Y. T. Cheung
name: A. Kong
name: V. Lai
name: T. H. Lam
name: S. Y. Ho
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 STROBE Statement, Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies.
Neuroprotective mechanism of low-dose sodium nitrite in oxygen-glucose deprivation model of cerebral ischemic stroke in PC12 cells
Creators: name: Shakib, Nader
name: Khadem Ansari, Mohammad Hassan
name: Karimi, Pouran
name: Rasmi, Yousef
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: sodium nitrite
oxygen and glucose deprivation
PC12 cells
endoplasmic reticulum stress
Ca2+ release

description: The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of the protective effects of low-dose sodium nitrite (SN) on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells. The PC12 cells were exposed to 4 h of OGD and treated with 100 μmol SN. The expression and activity of ER stress markers, including PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), as well as caspase-12 and -3, were detected by immunoblotting assay. Fluorescence staining was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ release from the ER. Cell viability was also evaluated by MTT assay. It was found that SN significantly inhibited ROS production and Ca2+ release from the ER in OGD-injured PC12 cells. Moreover, ER stress marker expression and cleaved fragments of caspase-3 and -12 in OGD-injured PC12 cells were decreased after SN treatment. These findings were accompanied by a significant increase in cell viability. It seems that SN exerts a neuroprotective effect at least partially through reduction of ROS-mediated ER stress caused by OGD insult.
description: EXCLI Journal; 18:Doc229; ISSN 1611-2156
Decohering d-dimensional quantum resistance
Creators: name: Roy, Dibyendu
name: Kumar, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landauer scattering approach to 4-probe resistance is revisited for the case of a d-dimensional disordered resistor in the presence of decoherence. Our treatment is based on an invariant-embedding equation for the evolution of the coherent reflection amplitude coefficient in the length of a 1-dimensional disordered conductor, where decoherence is introduced at par with the disorder through an outcoupling, or stochastic absorption, of the wave amplitude into side (transverse) channels, and its subsequent incoherent re-injection into the conductor. This is essentially in the spirit of B{ü}ttiker's reservoir-induced decoherence. The resulting evolution equation for the probability density of the 4-probe resistance in the presence of decoherence is then generalised from the 1-dimensional to the d-dimensional case following an anisotropic Migdal-Kadanoff-type procedure and analysed. The anisotropy, namely that the disorder evolves in one arbitrarily chosen direction only, is the main approximation here that makes the analytical treatment possible. A qualitatively new result is that arbitrarily small decoherence reduces the localisation-delocalisation transition to a crossover making resistance moments of all orders finite.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
title: A study into the teaching and learning of English speaking skills at Al Jabal Al Gharbi University from the teachers’ and students’ perspectives
Creators: name: Ashreef, S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2021

description: case study provides insight into the teaching and learning of English speaking skills at the Libyan Al Jabal Al Gharbi University as a research context, investigating the teachers’ and students’ perceptions in terms of the level of adoption of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in the speaking classes held at the institution. The lens of focus was placed on the main obstacles that might impede the effective adoption of the CLT approach in the study context. The results and the findings of this study will also help to facilitate the university decision makers in their planning and designing of the English language speaking skills curricula. In order to achieve valid and reliable results, this research adopted a mixed method approach that is represented through the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. A questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data from students at different years of academic study, while semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to gather the qualitative data from the students and also those lecturers who teach speaking skills in the English language department at Al Jabal Al Gharbi University. The main findings of this research reveal that traditional approaches and techniques are more frequently employed in the institution to teach speaking skills, whereas CLT-based techniques and activities are limited, although it was also shown that some lecturers of speaking skills are able to apply CLT approaches and techniques, notwithstanding the many obstacles that impede their effective application. Moreover, the findings also highlight that a large number of students hold the belief that utilising communicative approaches to promote the acquisition of speaking skills is beneficial and enhances their language use, although a limited number of students believe that communicative approaches do not always support the development of their speaking competences, arguing that the more traditional approaches of language teaching are more effective in their view. This study also presents a number of obstacles identified by the speaking skills teachers and their students that present challenges in the context of applying the CLT approach.
Pseudogap and time reversal breaking in a holographic superconductor
Creators: name: Roberts, Matthew M.
name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space is known to provide a holographic dual to a 2+1 system that undergoes a superconducting phase transition. We study the electrical conductivity and spectral density of an isotropic superconducting phase. We show that the theory exhibits a pseudogap at low temperatures and a nonzero Hall conductivity. The Hall conductivity is possible because of spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry.
description: 1+16 pages. 4 figures. PDFLaTeX. v2: Corrections to the conductivity and statements about uplift
Sarsilatona fernandoi
Creators: name: Gusakov, Vladimir A.
name: Dien, Tran Duc
name: Tran, Hoan Quoc
name: Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai
name: Huan, Phan Trong
name: Ha, Vo Thi
name: Dinh, Cu Nguyen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Branchiopoda
Ctenopoda
Sididae
Sarsilatona
Sarsilatona fernandoi

description: 3. Sarsilatona cf. fernandoi (Rane, 1983)
Localities and specimens found: 50 − 2♀.
Distribution and ecology. This is a rare sidid from the Indo-Malaysian region that still requires additional investigation. To date, it has only been reported from a few habitats in central India, southern Thailand and southern Vietnam (Rane 1983, 2011; Korovchinsky 2011, 2018; Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013; present study).
The lifestyle and ecology of the species are unstudied. It is probably (like Latonopsis australis) a predominantly bottom dweller that inhabits, judging by known finds, small water bodies and the littoral zones of lakes (Rane 1983; Korovchinsky 2011; Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013). In Vietnam, so far, Sarsilatona cf. fernandoi has been noted in two locations within Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province): a semi-permanent forest pond and a flooded forest area (Korovchinsky 2011; Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013). Our only record (two adult females) was made in a permanent floodplain lake in the same territory, in a sample taken from the roots of water hyacinth (see Appendix 1). Thus, the species obviously lives among aquatic plants as well.
Remarks. It is possible that S. fernandoi may have been previously confused with other related representatives in the region, most notably with S. serricaudata (Sars, 1901), now considered Neotropical. Therefore, the Asian findings of this and closely related forms need to be re-examined (Korovchinsky 2011, 2018; Van Damme & Sinev 2013).
description: Published as part of Gusakov, Vladimir A., Dien, Tran Duc, Tran, Hoan Quoc, Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai, Huan, Phan Trong, Ha, Vo Thi & Dinh, Cu Nguyen, 2025, An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. III. Water fleas (Cladocera), pp. 401-455 in Zootaxa 5613 (3) on page 406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15216705
ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЕ НАЛОГОВЫХ РЕФОРМ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ НАЛОГОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ
Creators: name: РЕУТ Анна Владимировна
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2020
Subjects: подвижность налоговой системы
стабильность налоговой системы
концепция налоговых реформ
оперативный налоговый контроль

description: Автор обосновывает необходимость различать осуществление налоговых реформ и совершенствование действующего законодательства (восполнение пробелов, устранение неясностей и неточностей). Указывается, что принцип стабильности налоговой системы может быть реализован только при условии разработки концепций реформирования налогового законодательства при каждом ключевом изменении налоговой системы. Концепция налоговой реформы должна содержать цели и задачи проведения реформы и ее этапы.