Panaetius lobulatus Stal 1866
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Jing
name: Liu, Guo-Qing
name: Cassis, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Acanthosomatidae
Panaetius
Panaetius lobulatus

description: Panaetius lobulatus Stål
Figures 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Panaetius lobulatus Stål 1866: 157 (original description); Lethierry and Severin 1893: 251 (catalogue); Kirkaldy 1908: 769 (list); Kirkaldy 1909: 170 (catalogue); Cassis and Gross 2002: 372 (Australian catalogue).
Ucia mutilata Walker 1867: 408 (sp. nov.); Stål, 1876: 112 (synonymy).
Diagnosis. Panaetius lobulatus is recognised by the following combination of characters: anterolateral processes of pronotum broad at base, rounded at apex (Fig. 7c); humeral horns reddish brown, with margin black; humeral horns distinctly protruding, elevated upwards, apically bifid, anterior apical tooth short, laterally oriented (Figs 1,10a,b), posterior tooth more robust, posteriorly oriented (Fig. 1).
Redescription. Male. COLOURATION (Fig. 1). Head: pale brown dorsally with dark brown markings and dark brown ventrally; lateral margin of paraclypei and anteclypeus dark brown, not reaching the apex of paraclypei; paraclypei ventrally yellowish brown and buccula pale brown; posterior region of ocellus dark brown; yellowish brown spot along anterior margin of eyes. Eyes: reddish brown, with posterior and medial margin yellow. Antennae: AI pale brown, with apex medium brown; AII(a)-AII(b) medium brown; AIII-AIV dark brown. Labium: LI pale brown; LII and LIII medium brown, with base of LII pale brown; LIV dark brown, almost black. Pronotum: pale brown to grey, with reddish brown markings; callus yellowish brown, sometimes indistinct, with dark brown markings around and intersected by a longitudinal pale brown spot, impunctate; a transverse pale brown spot at medial regions of humeral horns; anterolateral processes pale brown; humeral horns reddish brown, with margin black; one distinct spine dorsally, with margin black. Scutellum: yellowish brown at base, with V-shaped pale brown callose marking at apex; triangular dark brown callose stripe at base, with a medial longitudinal dark brown stripe, sometimes reaching apex. Thoracic pleura: propleura mostly pale brown, with dark brown markings and sometimes anteromedial region dark brown, almost black; pterothoracic pleura dark brown, almost black, with yellowish brown spot along lateral margin. MTG: anterior region of external efferent system yellowish brown, posterior region and lateral margins dark brown. Hemelytra: pale brown to grey, with dark brown markings, sometimes medium brown stripe along medial fracture; membrane medium brown at base, almost transparent at apex; veins dark brown. Legs: coxae pale brown; femora pale brown at base and apex, medium or dark brown medially; tibiae dark brown, with medium brown bands medially and apically, medial band about 2× longer than apical band in length; tarsi medium brown; claws medium brown at base, black apically. Abdomen: connexiva medium brown, punctate dark brown markings; venter yellowish brown with dark brown stripes laterally and base of sternites III-V; abdominal spine medium brown. STRUCTURE. Head: paraclypei flat, arcuate distally and contiguous apically. Antennae: AIII-AIV slightly wider than other segments; AI shortest segment, not passing anterior margin of head; AII(a) longest segment, ca. 1.5× longer than AI; AII(b) slightly shorter than AIV; AII(a) about as long as AIV; AIV slightly shorter than AIII. Labium: reaching mesocoxae or a little beyond; LI slightly wider than LII and LIII; LII about as wide as LIII; LIV slightly thinner than LII; LII longest segment, ca. 2× as long as LI; LIII ca. 1.5× shorter than LII; LIV slightly shorter than LIII. Pronotum: anterolateral processes of pronotum broad at base, rounded and recurved at apex, not reaching anterior margin of eyes; humeral horns prominent, elevated dorsally, apically bifid, anterior tooth short, oriented laterally; posterior tooth stronger, oriented posteriorly. Scutellum: flat, slightly wider than long. MTG: mostly as in genus description; peritreme posterolaterally oriented, mesepimeron without evaporative areas (Fig. 8c). Legs: hind femora slightly broader and longer than mesofemora; tarsi narrow, tarsal segment I short, segment II ca. 2–3× longer than segment I. Abdomen: posterior angles of connexiva short, apex weakly recurved; abdominal spine reaching beyond anterior margin of procoxae (Fig. 1). Male genitalia: pygophore (Fig. 4a); parameres broad, knife-shaped, with apex almost at a right angle and an obscure black line from apex to middle of lateral margin (Fig. 4b); vesica tapering apically (Fig. 4c,d); aedeagus with a pair of lateral and dorsal conjunctival lobes (Fig. 4c,d).
Female. COLOURATION (Fig. 1). Mostly as in male. Head: sometimes with a short longitudinal yellowish brown stripe at medial region of ocelli. Eyes: black, posterior and medial margins yellow brown with slightly reddish tinge. Antennae: AIV pale brown, with apex medium brown. Pronotum: humeral horns mostly orange brown. Thoracic pleura: mesopleuron and metapleuron dark brown, almost black, with orange brown spot along lateral margin. MTG: anterior and lateral regions of external efferent system orange brown; posterior region dark brown. Hemelytra: uniformly pale grey, no medium brown stripe along medial fracture; sometimes with a large dark brown spot near inner base of membrane. Legs: tarsi pale brown, with reddish tinge. Abdomen: midline dark brown. STRUCTURE. Mostly as in male. Antennae: AII(b) almost as long as AIV; AIII slightly shorter than AII(a), and longer than AIV. Abdomen: Pendergrast’s organs (Fig. 9c). Female genitalia: capsula seminalis small, short curved medially (Fig. 6c); thickenings of vaginal intima semi-circular (Fig. 6c); sclerotised rings subtriangular laterally, broad inside and gradually narrowed laterally (Fig. 6c).
Fig. 12.Phylogeny ofPanaetiusspp. and acanthosomatid outgroup taxa.
Specimens examined. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 2♀♀, Collaroy, 10 Dec 1982, I. W. Watson (00002813– 00002814) (QM); 1♂, Gosford, 16 Oct 1903, W. W. F (00002748) (AM); 1♀, Brooklana, E Dorrigo, 1929, W. Heron (00002755) ex. (Andrews) parviflorus Lindl. (Ericaceae) (AM); 1♀, Mount Tomah, 29 Feb 1932, J. Armstrong (00002759) (AM); 1♂, Leura, Jan 1933, A. V., (00002750) (AM); 1♂, Whip Mountain, nr. Taylors Arm, NSW, 3 Nov 1958, T. G. Campbell (00002749) (AM); 3♂♂ 2♀♀, Pearl Beach NSW, 12 Oct 1968, F. McDonald (00002803– 00002804, 00002795–00002797) (UNSW); 1♀, Pearl Beach NSW, 14 Apr 1971, N. W. Forrester (00002805) (QM); 1♀, Forest Walk, 7.5 km S of Helensburgh/Stanwell Park roundabout on Old Princess Hwy, 34°15′59.28″S 150°57′12.84″E, 385 m, 19 IX 2000, R. Silveira and M. Elliott (00002753) (AM); 1♂, Bournda National Park, North Wallagoot, Turingal Head, 16 m, 36°47.07’S 149°57.408’E, 20 XI 2002, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, M. D. Schwartz (00002757) ex. Acacia mearnsii De Wild (naturalised) (Fabaceae) (AM). AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 1♂, Brisbane (00002798) (QM); 2♂♂ 1♀, Brisbane, 02 Nov 1924, H. Hacker (00002809) (QM); 1♂, Brisbane, 06 Apr 1952, S. G. Grimmett (00002799) (QM); 1♀, Beenleigh, 29 Jun 1956, T. E. Woodward (00002815) (QM); 1♂, Brisbane, 21 Oct 1957, R. Metcalfe (00002800) (QM); 1♂, Brisbane, 19 Sep 1959, K. Korboot (00002801) (QM); 1♀, Highvale, 20 Mar 1961, P. Coyne (00002817) (QM); 1♀, Lever’s Plateau, 18 Apr 1964, R. A. McLachlan (00002812) (QM); 1♀, Upper Mulgrave River, 01–03 Nov 1965, G. Monteith (00002810) (QM); 1♀, Yungaburra, 20 Aug 1966, D. Smith (00002811) (QM); 1♀, Sandgate, 09 Apr 1967, J. A. McKenna (00002816) (QM); 1♀, Durack Brisbane, 27 Nov 1986, Y. Risk (00002806) (QM); 1♀, Brisbane, ex. Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae), 13 May 1987, M. Purcell (00002807) (QM); 1♀, Brisbane, Corinda, 30 Jul 1987, M. Purcell (00002808) Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae) (QM); 1♀, Bakers Blue Mt, 17 km W Mt. Molloy, 09 Jan 1990, Anzses Expedition (00002802) (QM). AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: 1♂, Mt. Wellington, 30 Sep 1917, G. H. Hardy (00002746) (AM); 1♀, Mt. Wellington, 21 Jan 1918, G. H. Hardy (00002752) (AM); 1♀, Trevallyn, Launceston, 22 Apr 1930, V. V. Hickman (00002756) (AM); 1♀, ca. 1 km S of Narawntapu National Park, 40 m, 41 ° 9.647’S 146 ° 36.648’E, 12 XI 2002, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, M. D. Schwartz (00002751) ex. Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae) (AM); 1♀, Friendly Beaches, Freycinet Peninsula, 19 m, 41 ° 59.2899’S 148 ° 17.2587’E, 13 XI 2002, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, M. D. Schwartz (00002754) (AM); 1♀, Mt. William National Park, Waterhole, 50 m, 40°53.089’S 148°10.68’E, 13 XI 2002, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, M. D. Schwartz (00002758) ex. Kunzea ambigua (Myrtaceae) (UNSW_ENT 00002758) (AM); Victoria: 1♀, Trafalgar, 38.16806°S 146.13377°E, no other collected data provided (UNSW_ENT 00002760) (AM); 1♂, Wilsons Promontory National Park, Darley River area, 38.97705°S 146.2749°E, 50 m, 18 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, (UNSW_ENT 00002747) (AM).
Plant associations. Panaetius lobulatus has been collected on four plant species, including Pimelea nivea (Thymelaceae), Leucopogon parviflorus (Ericaceae), Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae), Kunzea ambigua (Myrtaceae) and Acacia mearnsii (Fabaceae). None of these plant associations yielded <10 specimens of this acanthosomatid species, and as such none are hypothesised as host plants.
Tony Daley and Kristi Ellingsen (pers. comm. 2013) found specimens of P. lobulatus in Tasmania on Pimelea nivea (Figs 10a,b). The specimens of this acanthosomatid species on Melaleuca quinquenervia were found in shrub woodland habitat (Fig. 10c).
Remarks. See P. eliasi and P. laevicornis remarks section for differential diagnosis. Panaetius lobulatus can be separated from P. trabifer by its anterolateral processes of pronotum being broader and the humeral horns shorter (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Wang, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Guo-Qing & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2015, Revision of Panaetius Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae) from Australia, including the description of two new species and phylogenetic analysis, pp. 445-464 in Austral Entomology 54 (4) on pages 458-462, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12154, http://zenodo.org/record/15299076