title: ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Calibration of the pi-meson channel utilizing the Time of Flight method
Creators: name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ²ÐµÐµÐ², ÐÐ²Ð°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¹
Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°
Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ñ
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ
Ð¸Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÑÑÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸
Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑ
high-energy physics
time-of-flight
pi-mesons
protons
isotopic invariance
scintillation counters
proportional chambers

description: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² (Ï-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²) Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑÐ° (TOF) Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. ÐÐ¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ñ, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑ Ð² Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¸Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð» Ð¸ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð². ÐÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ TOF, Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑÐ° ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐµ. Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð², Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² Ð¸ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° TOF, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ° Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÑ ÑÐ±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ, Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸, Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÐµ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ TOF Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑÐ°, Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸. Ð¢Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° TOF Ð² ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸. ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾, Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ½Ð´Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐµ. ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð´ÐµÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ³Ð»ÑÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¹. Ð Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ, ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ° ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð¸-Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° TOF Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ°Ð³ Ð²Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´ Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÑ ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð² Ð¿ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² ÑÑÐ½Ð´Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ.
description: This thesis explores the calibration of the pi-meson (Ï-meson) channel utilizing the Time of Flight (TOF) method in particle physics experiments. Pi-mesons, fundamental particles in the study of particle interactions, are crucial for understanding the dynamics of strong nuclear forces and the structure of hadrons. The TOF method, known for its precision in measuring particle velocities, is employed to calibrate the pi-meson channel by determining the flight times of these particles between known points in the experimental setup. The thesis begins with an overview of pi-mesons, their properties, and their significance in particle physics research. It then delves into the theoretical framework of the TOF method, detailing its principles and applications in particle detection and identification. Experimental setup and data acquisition procedures are elucidated, highlighting the specific methodologies employed to collect and analyze TOF data for pi-mesons. Results from the calibration process are presented, including the determination of flight times, velocity measurements, and corresponding uncertainties. The accuracy and reliability of the TOF method in calibrating the pi-meson channel are assessed through statistical analysis and comparison with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the implications of calibrated pi-meson channels in advancing research on particle interactions and fundamental physics. Insights gained from this calibration study contribute to enhancing the precision of particle detectors and improving our understanding of pi-meson behavior in high-energy environments. In conclusion, the calibration of the pi-meson channel using the TOF method represents a significant step forward in experimental particle physics, offering insights into particle dynamics and paving the way for future advancements in fundamental research.