cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inference from gated first-passage times
Creators: name: Kumar, Aanjaneya
name: Scher, Yuval
name: Reuveni, Shlomi
name: Santhanam, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: First-passage times provide invaluable insight into fundamental properties of stochastic processes. Yet, various forms of gating mask first-passage times and differentiate them from actual detection times. For instance, imperfect conditions may intermittently gate our ability to observe a system of interest, such that exact first-passage instances might be missed. In other cases, e.g., certain chemical reactions, direct observation of the molecules involved is virtually impossible, but the reaction event itself can be detected. However, this instance need not coincide with the first collision time since some molecular encounters are infertile and hence gated. Motivated by the challenge posed by such real-life situations we develop a universal -- model-free -- framework for the inference of first-passage times from the detection times of gated first-passage processes. In addition, when the underlying laws of motions are known, our framework also provides a way to infer physically meaningful parameters, e.g. diffusion coefficients. Finally, we show how to infer the gating rates themselves via the hitherto overlooked short-time regime of the measured detection times. The robustness of our approach and its insensitivity to underlying details are illustrated in several settings of physical relevance.
Rotation Curve decomposition in Search for a Dark Matter Model for Analog Galaxies
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Natanael
name: Menéndez-Delmestre, Karín
name: Gonçalves, Thiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dark matter
Local dark matter density
Rotation curves
Analogs

description: Recent estimates indicate that dark matter represents 85% of the total matter in the Universe. Its presence, so far, is manifested through gravitational effects, where one of its most concrete evidence can be verified through the rotation curves of disk galaxies. Motivated to understand how dark matter is distributed in galaxies like our own, we define a sample of Milky Way (MW) analog galaxies. Our sample is derived from the S4G and VIVA surveys, which are the most complete surveys regarding stellar mass characterization and atomic hydrogen gas (HI) distribution in nearby galaxies, respectively. The mid-infrared imaging at 3.6 and 4.5μm of the S4G survey is the best single band tracer of the stellar mass, allowing us to make a careful analysis of the baryonic mass distribution in our sample. On the other hand, using the data cubes of the HI distribution from the VIVA survey allows us to map the distribution of the dark matter component. Our sample is composed of 6 MW analogs, defined as such based on the maximum rotation velocity of the HI gas and morphological type similar to the Milky Way. This proves to be efficient as we limit ourselves to objects that present physical characteristics similar to the Milky Way galaxy. For each object present in the sample, we constructed rotation curves from the intensity and velocity maps of the HI derived through the VIVA survey data cubes. In order to disentangle the contributions due to baryonic and dark matter, we did the characterization of the stellar mass distribution based on the S4G imaging. Finally, we develop an analytical model for dark matter distribution and decompose the rotation curves into the different mass contributions. The model is guided by parameters extracted from the decomposition of stellar mass into different components of the internal structure of galaxies (e.g. bulge, disk and halo), ensuring a reliable profile of the mass distribution. This work allows us to generate maps of dark matter distribution in Milky Way analog galaxies, opening the possibility of constructing a set of realistic variations of dark matter profiles in our own galaxy.
Discovery of a novel Melanocortin receptor 5 agonist for Type 1 Diabetes
Creators: name: MUGAN, REKHA SHANDRE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321405
subject: Pharmaceutical sciences

description: Type 1 diabetes is a prevailing disease that has a significant need of additional adjunctive therapy that does not increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Recent studies have demonstrated that MC5R has a role in glucose uptake and homeostasis making a potent and selective MC5R agonist a potential treatment option for Type 1 diabetes. This thesis focuses on validating MC5R as a target for glucose uptake and discovering novel MC5R compounds with suitable pharmacological properties that have the potential to be developed as therapeutics. These findings are expected to assist in identifying the best candidate to be used in clinical research.
Generalized analysis of quantum noise and dynamic back-action in signal-recycled Michelson-type laser interferometers
Creators: name: Khalili, Farid Ya.
name: Tarabrin, Sergey P.
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Hammerer, Klemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the radiation pressure induced interaction of mirror motion and light fields in Michelson-type interferometers used for the detection of gravitational waves and for fundamental research in table-top quantum optomechanical experiments, focusing on the asymmetric regime with a (slightly) unbalanced beamsplitter and a (small) offset from the dark port. This regime, as it was shown recently, provides new interesting features, in particular a stable optical spring and optical cooling on cavity resonance. We show that generally the nature of optomechanical coupling in Michelson-type interferometers does not fit into the standard dispersive/dissipative dichotomy. In particular, a symmetric Michelson interferometer with signal-recycling but without power-recycling cavity is characterized by a purely dissipative optomechanical coupling; only in the presence of asymmetry, additional dispersive coupling arises. In gravitational waves detectors possessing signal- and power-recycling cavities, yet another, "coherent" type of optomechanical coupling takes place. We develop here a generalized framework for the analysis of asymmetric Michelson-type interferometers which also covers the possibility of the injection of carrier light into both ports of the interferometer. Using this framework, we analyze in depth the "anomalous" features of the Michelson-Sagnac interferometer which where discussed and observed experimentally in previous works [1-3].
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Miniature lightweight x-ray optics (MiXO) for surface elemental composition mapping of asteroids and comets
Creators: name: Hong, Jaesub
name: Romaine, Suzanne
name: team, the MiXO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compositions of diverse planetary bodies are of fundamental interest to planetary science, providing clues to the formation and evolutionary history of the target bodies and the Solar system as a whole. Utilizing the X-ray fluorescence unique to each atomic element, X-ray imaging spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of diverse planetary bodies. Until now the mass and volume of focusing X-ray optics have been too large for resource-limited in-situ missions, so near-target X-ray observations of planetary bodies have been limited to simple collimator-type X-ray instruments. We introduce a new Miniature lightweight Wolter-I focusing X-ray Optics (MiXO) using metal-ceramic hybrid X-ray mirrors based on electroformed nickel replication and plasma thermal spray processes. MiXO can enable compact, powerful imaging X-ray telescopes suitable for future planetary missions. We illustrate the need for focusing X-ray optics in observing relatively small planetary bodies such as asteroids and comet nuclei. We present a few example configurations of MiXO telescopes and demonstrate their superior performance in comparison to an alternative approach, micro-pore optics, which is being employed for the first planetary focusing X-ray telescope, the Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer-T (MIXS-T) onboard Bepicolumbo. X-ray imaging spectroscopy using MiXO will open a large new discovery space in planetary science and will greatly enhance our understanding of the nature and origin of diverse planetary bodies.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Earth, Planets and Space
Central Engine Memory of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are bursts of $γ$-rays generated from relativistic jets launched from catastrophic events such as massive star core collapse or binary compact star coalescence. Previous studies suggested that GRB emission is erratic, with no noticeable memory in the central engine. Here we report a discovery that similar light curve patterns exist within individual bursts for at least some GRBs. Applying the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method, we show that similarity of light curve patterns between pulses of a single burst or between the light curves of a GRB and its X-ray flare can be identified. This suggests that the central engine of at least some GRBs carries "memory" of its activities. We also show that the same technique can identify memory-like emission episodes in the flaring emission in Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGRs), which are believed to be Galactic, highly magnetized neutron stars named magnetars. Such a phenomenon challenges the standard black hole central engine models for GRBs, and suggest a common physical mechanism behind GRBs and SGRs, which points towards a magnetar central engine of GRBs.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters in press
Learning to Locate Visual Answer in Video Corpus Using Question
Creators: name: Li, Bin
name: Weng, Yixuan
name: Sun, Bin
name: Li, Shutao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new task, named video corpus visual answer localization (VCVAL), which aims to locate the visual answer in a large collection of untrimmed instructional videos using a natural language question. This task requires a range of skills - the interaction between vision and language, video retrieval, passage comprehension, and visual answer localization. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal contrastive global-span (CCGS) method for the VCVAL, jointly training the video corpus retrieval and visual answer localization subtasks with the global-span matrix. We have reconstructed a dataset named MedVidCQA, on which the VCVAL task is benchmarked. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other competitive methods both in the video corpus retrieval and visual answer localization subtasks. Most importantly, we perform detailed analyses on extensive experiments, paving a new path for understanding the instructional videos, which ushers in further research.
description: Accepted by ICASSP 2023
Domain wall-gated skyrmion logic
Creators: name: Xing, Xiangjun
name: Pong, Philip W. T.
name: Zhou, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions and domain walls are typical spin textures of significant technological relevance to magnetic memory and logic applications, where they are used as carriers of information. The unique topology of skyrmions makes them to display distinct dynamical properties compared to domain walls. Some studies have demonstrated that the two topologically inequivalent magnetic objects could be interconverted by cleverly designed geometric structures. Here, we numerically address the skyrmion-domain wall collision in a magnetic racetrack by introducing relative motion between the two objects based on a specially designed junction. An electric current serves as the driving force that moves a skyrmion toward a trapped domain-wall pair. We observe different types of collision dynamics by changing the driving parameters. Most importantly, the domain wall modulation of skyrmion transport is realized in this system, allowing a set of domain wall-gated logical NOT, NAND, and NOR gates to be constructed. By providing a promising logic architecture that is fully compatible with racetrack memories, this work is expected to speed up the development of skyrmion-based magnetic computation.
description: 43 pages with 8 figures
Architectural constraints vs. efficiency constraints: Argument coding and verbal voice coding
Creators: name: Haspelmath, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In this talk, I discuss several universals of argument coding and verbal voice coding and argue that they can be explained on the basis of efficiency of coding, i.e. a tradeoff between speaker and hearer needs (a functional-adaptive explanation). These constructions have often been discussed in a generative context, where explanations have been expected to come from innate architectural and substantive biocognitive constraints (“UG”). I observe that the generative proposals have not converged, while the coding asymmetries that are the focus of my work have proved robust and ubiquitous in grammar.
Theoretical Developments in QCD Jet Energy Loss
Creators: name: Mehtar-Tani, Yacine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the recent developments in the theory of jet-quenching. First, we analyze the coherent vacuum cascade and incoherent medium-induced cascade separately. We then discuss the interplay between the two kinds of cascade and the resulting partial decoherence of the inner jet structure. Finally, we report on recent calculations of higher-order corrections. In particular, the dominant radiative corrections to jet observables that yield the renormalization of the jet-quenching parameter are addressed.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, invited plenary talk, to appear in the proceedings of Quark Matter 2015 conference, Kobe, Japan
Eutrichocampa remyi Conde 1947
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplura
Campodeidae
Eutrichocampa
Eutrichocampa remyi

description: Eutrichocampa remyi Condé, 1947
Eutrichocampa remyi Condé, 1947b: 60, figs a–k.
Diagnosis (Condé 1947b)
Body length 2.0 mm; short clothing setae; antennae with 20–21 antennomeres; 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 1+1 lp macrosetae on pronotum and 1+1 la macrosetae on mesonotum; ma and la pronotal macrosetae with 1–2 dital barbs, lp pronotal macrosetae with barbs along distal two-thirds and la mesonotal macrosetae with barbs along distal half; marginal setae similar to clothing setae but with 1–2 distal barbs; without dorsal femoral macrosetae; calcars with 2–3 distal barbs; one ventral tibial macroseta with two thin distal barbs; smooth subapical tarsal setae; subequal claws slightly regularly curved; laminar telotarsal process with longs barbs on ventral side; 1+1 la macrosetae on V–VII urotergites, 3+3 lp on VIII urotergite and 5+5 lp on IX abdominal segment; first urosternite with 7+7 macrosetae, 4+4 on II–VII urosternites, 1+1 on VIII urosternite; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 -setae; cerci shorter than body with 8 articles covered with long macrosetae with barbs along distal half and a few clothing setae.
Habitat and distribution
Soil-dwelling species known from several localities in eastern Balkans (Condé 1947b).
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on page 94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/4316883
"Menschenrechte" als praktisch-theologisches Thema
Creators: name: Müller, Alois
name: Greinacher, Norbert
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1979): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 15, Heft 4
Spreading, Nonergodicity, and Selftrapping: a puzzle of interacting disordered lattice waves
Creators: name: Flach, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization of waves by disorder is a fundamental physical problem encompassing a diverse spectrum of theoretical, experimental and numerical studies in the context of metal-insulator transitions, the quantum Hall effect, light propagation in photonic crystals, and dynamics of ultra-cold atoms in optical arrays, to name just a few examples. Large intensity light can induce nonlinear response, ultracold atomic gases can be tuned into an interacting regime, which leads again to nonlinear wave equations on a mean field level. The interplay between disorder and nonlinearity, their localizing and delocalizing effects is currently an intriguing and challenging issue in the field of lattice waves. In particular it leads to the prediction and observation of two different regimes of destruction of Anderson localization - asymptotic weak chaos, and intermediate strong chaos, separated by a crossover condition on densities. On the other side approximate full quantum interacting many body treatments were recently used to predict and obtain a novel many body localization transition, and two distinct phases - a localization phase, and a delocalization phase, both again separated by some typical density scale. We will discuss selftrapping, nonergodicity and nonGibbsean phases which are typical for such discrete models with particle number conservation and their relation to the above crossover and transition physics. We will also discuss potential connections to quantum many body theories.
description: 13 pages in Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 1 M. Tlidi and M. G. Clerc (eds.), Nonlinear Dynamics: Materials, Theory and Experiment, Springer Proceedings in Physics 173. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.1122
Orbital Expansion Variational Quantum Eigensolver: Enabling Efficient Simulation of Molecules with Shallow Quantum Circuit
Creators: name: Wu, Yusen
name: Huang, Zigeng
name: Sun, Jinzhao
name: Yuan, Xiao
name: Wang, Jingbo B.
name: Lv, Dingshun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum era, Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising method to study ground state properties in quantum chemistry, materials science, and condensed physics. However, general quantum eigensolvers are lack of systematical improvability, and achieve rigorous convergence is generally hard in practice, especially in solving strong-correlated systems. Here, we propose an Orbital Expansion VQE~(OE-VQE) framework to construct an efficient convergence path. The path starts from a highly correlated compact active space and rapidly expands and converges to the ground state, enabling simulating ground states with much shallower quantum circuits. We benchmark the OE-VQE on a series of typical molecules including H$_{6}$-chain, H$_{10}$-ring and N$_2$, and the simulation results show that proposed convergence paths dramatically enhance the performance of general quantum eigensolvers.
description: Wu et al 2023 Quantum Sci. Technol
Catch-22s of reservoir computing
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanzhao
name: Cornelius, Sean P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reservoir Computing (RC) is a simple and efficient model-free framework for forecasting the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems from data. Here, we show that there exist commonly-studied systems for which leading RC frameworks struggle to learn the dynamics unless key information about the underlying system is already known. We focus on the important problem of basin prediction -- determining which attractor a system will converge to from its initial conditions. First, we show that the predictions of standard RC models (echo state networks) depend critically on warm-up time, requiring a warm-up trajectory containing almost the entire transient in order to identify the correct attractor. Accordingly, we turn to Next-Generation Reservoir Computing (NGRC), an attractive variant of RC that requires negligible warm-up time. By incorporating the exact nonlinearities in the original equations, we show that NGRC can accurately reconstruct intricate and high-dimensional basins of attraction, even with sparse training data (e.g., a single transient trajectory). Yet, a tiny uncertainty in the exact nonlinearity can render prediction accuracy no better than chance. Our results highlight the challenges faced by data-driven methods in learning the dynamics of multistable systems and suggest potential avenues to make these approaches more robust.
description: Published version (slight change to the title due to journal policy). Code at https://github.com/spcornelius/RCBasins
Memory Dependent Growth in Sublinear Volterra Differential Equations
Creators: name: Appleby, John A. D.
name: Patterson, Denis D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34K25, 34K28

description: We investigate memory dependent asymptotic growth in scalar Volterra equations with sublinear nonlinearity. To obtain precise results we utilise the powerful theory of regular variation extensively. By computing the growth rate in terms of a related ordinary differential equation we show that when the memory effect is so strong that the kernel tends to infinity, the growth rate of solutions depends explicitly on the memory of the system. Finally, we employ a fixed point argument to determine analogous results for a perturbed Volterra equation and show that, for a sufficiently large perturbation, the solution tracks the perturbation asymptotically, even when the forcing term is potentially highly non-monotone.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure
Un webinaire pour améliorer la sécurité des systèmes d’information
Creators: name: Zago, Muriel
name: Guerrier, Bénédicte
name: Quenon, Jean-Luc
name: Éric Pohier
name: Pourin, Catherine
Publisher: name: Health & Co
Year: 2022
Subjects: Amélioration de la qualité
Évaluation de la qualité des soins
Événement indésirable
Système d’information
Risque informatique

description: Les risques numériques perturbent les activités des établissements sanitaires et médico-sociaux sous la forme de cyberattaques plus ou moins médiatisées dont les conséquences sont parfois considérables. Depuis le décret n° 2016-1606 du 25 novembre 2016, les structures régionales d’appui (SRA) ont pour mission d’accompagner les professionnels de santé dans l’analyse des événements indésirables graves, selon une démarche structurée de gestion des risques. Le comité de coordination de l’évaluation clinique et de la qualité, SRA de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, a organisé en avril 2021, en partenariat avec l’Agence nationale d’appui à la performance, le centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux et l’association Ressourcial, un atelier en ligne dédié à la gestion des risques numériques. Les échanges ont porté sur les différents cadres de référence fixés par la feuille de route de la réforme Ma santé 2022, un engagement collectif, dans un contexte de mise en place complexe de l’identité numérique de santé (INS). Des retours d’expériences de cyberattaques ont permis de répondre à différents questionnements : comment faire face aux nouveaux risques informatiques, comment les prévenir et comment réparer les préjudices ? Les moyens financiers, techniques et humains ont été présentés. Les enjeux éthiques des applications du numérique en santé mettent en lumière les opportunités mais aussi les dangers que représenterait une exposition sans limites de notre espace privé. Malgré l’obligation réglementaire, les accidents de cybersécurité restent, comme tous les événements indésirables, sous-déclarés : la vulnérabilité des systèmes d’information est une problématique majeure qui met en exergue la nécessité de développer une culture de sécurité adaptée à la complexité des organisations.
Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD+
Creators: name: Biesheuvel, J.
name: Karr, J. -Ph.
name: Hilico, L.
name: Eikema, K. S. E.
name: Ubachs, W.
name: Koelemeij, J. C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2+ and HD+, provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, we report on such a test based on a frequency measurement of a vibrational overtone transition in HD+ by laser spectroscopy. We find that the theoretical and experimental frequencies are equal to within 0.6(1.1) parts per billion, which represents the most stringent test of molecular theory so far. Our measurement not only confirms the validity of high-order quantum electrodynamics in molecules, but also enables the long predicted determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio from a molecular system, as well as improved constraints on hypothetical fifth forces and compactified higher dimensions at the molecular scale. With the perspective of comparisons between theory and experiment at the 0.01 part-per-billion level, our work demonstrates the potential of molecular hydrogen ions as a probe of fundamental physical constants and laws.
Bondi flow revisited
Creators: name: Datta, Satadal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newtonian spherically symmetric transonic accretion has been studied by including the mass of the accreting matter, while considering the growth of the accretor itself to be negligibly small. A novel iterative method has been introduced to accomplish that task. It has been demonstrated that the inclusion of the mass of the fluid changes the critical properties of the flow as well as the topological phase portraits of the stationary integral solution.
description: 9 pages, 15 figs
Comment on "Super-universality in Anderson localization"
Creators: name: Burmistrov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on recent paper by I. Horváth and P. Markoš, "Super-universality in Anderson localization", Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 106601 (2022) [arXiv:2110.11266].
Compound chondrule formation via collision of supercooled droplets
Creators: name: Arakawa, Sota
name: Nakamoto, Taishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel model showing that compound chondrules are formed by collisions of supercooled droplets. This model reproduces two prominent observed features of compound chondrules: the nonporphyritic texture and the size ratio between two components.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Icarus
Shift symmetries and duality web in gauge theories
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Chakraborty, Anwesha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a generalised Noether prescription we are able to extract all the currents and their conservation laws in space dependent shift symmetric theories. Various identities among the currents in the matter sector are found that form the basis for revealing a dual picture when the full interacting theory is considered by coupling to gauge fields. The coupling is achieved in terms of vector fields by adhering to a modified minimal prescription which is also supported by an iterative Noether scheme. Further, this scheme shows that couplings can also be introduced using higher rank tensor gauge fields that have appeared in recent discussions on fractons. We reveal a connection among these descriptions (using vector or tensor fields) through certain duality maps that relate the various fields (gauge, electric and magnetic) in the two cases. A correspondence is established among the Gauss' law, Faraday's law and Ampere's law. Explicit calculations are provided for linear and quadratic shift symmetric lagrangians.
description: 41 Pages, 6 Tables
The dependence of gamma-ray burst X-ray column densities on the model for Galactic hydrogen
Creators: name: Arcodia, Riccardo
name: Campana, Sergio
name: Salvaterra, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the X-ray absorption of a complete sample of 99 bright Swift gamma-ray bursts. Over the last few years, a strong correlation between the intrinsic X-ray absorbing column density (N_H(z)) and the redshift was found. This absorption excess in high-z GRBs is now thought to be due to the overlooked contribution of the absorption along the intergalactic medium, by means of both intervening objects and the diffuse warm-hot intergalactic medium along the line of sight. In this work we neglect the absorption along the IGM, because our purpose is to study the eventual effect of a radical change in the Galactic absorption model on the N_H(z) distribution. Therefore, we derive the intrinsic absorbing column densities using two different Galactic absorption models, the Leiden Argentine Bonn HI survey and the more recent model including molecular hydrogen. We find that, if on the one hand the new Galactic model considerably affects the single column density values, on the other hand there is no drastic change in the distribution as a whole. It becomes clear that the contribution of Galactic column densities alone, no matter how improved, is not sufficient to change the observed general trend and it has to be considered as a second-order correction. The cosmological increase of N_H(z) as a function of redshift persists and, in order to explain the observed distribution, it is necessary to include the contribution of both the diffuse intergalactic medium and the intervening systems along the line of sight of the GRBs.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Infrastructure-Based Pedestrian Risk Tagging Methodology to Support AV Risk Assessment
Creators: name: Chia, Wei Ming (Dan)
name: Keoh, Sye Loong
name: Michala, Anna Lito
name: Goh, Cindy
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Automotive safety engineering

description: Safety is paramount in AV deployment. Traditionally, AV safety is incorporated during development by identifying the failure of vehicular components using risk and scenarios-based validation approaches with risk indicators. The main challenge of having a comprehensive risk assessment for AV safety is to include all potential complex environments that could occur in real-time, which is more critical for higher AV automation levels. Real-world real-time risk assessment research addresses this shortcoming by providing an advanced warning to the AV during deployment either at the vehicle level or at the infrastructure level. This paper proposes a risk tagging methodology to quantitatively risk tag the severity rating of the real-world environment for real-time risk assessment of AV using the existing roadside infrastructure. The proposed methodology - Spatial-Temporal Risk Estimation Ensemble Technique (STREET), provides advanced risk indicators in the form of pedestrian risk tag figure and time to collision value to the AV. This paper includes the evaluation of STREET, tested on four events over a pre-defined uncontrolled traffic scene from the infrastructure and validated using ground truth and heatmap of pedestrian occurrence. This methodology includes three different algorithms developed to emphasize different events depending on the AV risk and safety management strategy. The STREET reduces the bandwidth needed compared to traditional approaches of streaming video images for lightweight integration of AV risk assessment. The outcome of the pedestrian risk tag from STREET can be used as a severity rating for the existing real-time risk assessment of AV via cooperative mode.
Caveats on the first-generation da Vinci Research Kit: latent technical constraints and essential calibrations
Creators: name: Cui, Zejian
name: Cartucho, Joao
name: Giannarou, Stamatia
name: Baena, Ferdinando Rodriguez y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Telesurgical robotic systems provide a well established form of assistance in the operating theater, with evidence of growing uptake in recent years. Until now, the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc, Sunnyvale, California) has been the most widely adopted robot of this kind, with more than 6,700 systems in current clinical use worldwide [1]. To accelerate research on robotic-assisted surgery, the retired first-generation da Vinci robots have been redeployed for research use as "da Vinci Research Kits" (dVRKs), which have been distributed to research institutions around the world to support both training and research in the sector. In the past ten years, a great amount of research on the dVRK has been carried out across a vast range of research topics. During this extensive and distributed process, common technical issues have been identified that are buried deep within the dVRK research and development architecture, and were found to be common among dVRK user feedback, regardless of the breadth and disparity of research directions identified. This paper gathers and analyzes the most significant of these, with a focus on the technical constraints of the first-generation dVRK, which both existing and prospective users should be aware of before embarking onto dVRK-related research. The hope is that this review will aid users in identifying and addressing common limitations of the systems promptly, thus helping to accelerate progress in the field.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Herschel Footprint Database and Service
Creators: name: Varga-Verebélyi, E.
name: Dobos, L.
name: Budavári, T.
name: Kiss, Cs.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We created the Herschel Footprint Database and web services for the Herschel Space Observatory imaging data. For this database we set up a unified data model for the PACS and SPIRE Herschel instruments, from the pointing and header information of each observation, generated and stored sky coverages (footprints) of the observations in their exact geometric form. With this tool we extend the capabilities of the Herschel Science Archive by providing an effective search tool that is able to find observations for selected sky locations (objects), or even in larger areas in the sky.
description: IAU Symposium 315
Density functional theory studies of MTSL nitroxide side chain conformations attached to an activation loop
Creators: name: Concilio, Maria Grazia
name: Fielding, Alistair J.
name: Bayliss, Richard
name: Burgess, Selena G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum-mechanical (QM) method rooted on density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to determine conformations of the methane-thiosulfonate spin label (MTSL) attached to a fragment extracted from the activation loop of Aurora-A kinase. The features of the calculated energy surface revealed low energy barriers between isoenergetic minima and the system could be described in a population of 76 rotamers that can be also considered for other systems since it was found that the X3, X4 and X5 do not depend on the previous two dihedral angles. Conformational states obtained were seen to comparable to those obtained in the α-helix systems studied previously, indicating that the protein backbone does not affect the torsional profiles significantly and suggesting the possibility to use determined conformations for other protein systems for further modelling studies.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1511.01667
Learning Deep Robotic Skills on Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Wang, Weitao
name: Saveriano, Matteo
name: Abu-Dakka, Fares J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose RiemannianFlow, a deep generative model that allows robots to learn complex and stable skills evolving on Riemannian manifolds. Examples of Riemannian data in robotics include stiffness (symmetric and positive definite matrix (SPD)) and orientation (unit quaternion (UQ)) trajectories. For Riemannian data, unlike Euclidean ones, different dimensions are interconnected by geometric constraints which have to be properly considered during the learning process. Using distance preserving mappings, our approach transfers the data between their original manifold and the tangent space, realizing the removing and re-fulfilling of the geometric constraints. This allows to extend existing frameworks to learn stable skills from Riemannian data while guaranteeing the stability of the learning results. The ability of RiemannianFlow to learn various data patterns and the stability of the learned models are experimentally shown on a dataset of manifold motions. Further, we analyze from different perspectives the robustness of the model with different hyperparameter combinations. It turns out that the model's stability is not affected by different hyperparameters, a proper combination of the hyperparameters leads to a significant improvement (up to 27.6%) of the model accuracy. Last, we show the effectiveness of RiemannianFlow in a real peg-in-hole (PiH) task where we need to generate stable and consistent position and orientation trajectories for the robot starting from different initial poses.
On the containment problem
Creators: name: Szemberg, Tomasz
name: Szpond, Justyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C20, 13F20

description: The purpose of this note is to provide an overview of the containment problem for symbolic and ordinary powers of homogeneous ideals, related conjectures and examples. We focus here on ideals with zero dimensional support. This is an area of ongoing active research. We conclude the note with a list of potential promising paths of further research.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Efficient few-shot learning for pixel-precise handwritten document layout analysis
Creators: name: De Nardin, Axel
name: Zottin, Silvia
name: Paier, Matteo
name: Foresti, Gian Luca
name: Colombi, Emanuela
name: Piciarelli, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Layout analysis is a task of uttermost importance in ancient handwritten document analysis and represents a fundamental step toward the simplification of subsequent tasks such as optical character recognition and automatic transcription. However, many of the approaches adopted to solve this problem rely on a fully supervised learning paradigm. While these systems achieve very good performance on this task, the drawback is that pixel-precise text labeling of the entire training set is a very time-consuming process, which makes this type of information rarely available in a real-world scenario. In the present paper, we address this problem by proposing an efficient few-shot learning framework that achieves performances comparable to current state-of-the-art fully supervised methods on the publicly available DIVA-HisDB dataset.
description: Accepted for publication at IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2023
Diffusion and Radiation in Magnetized Collisionless Plasmas with High-Frequency Small-Scale Turbulence
Creators: name: Keenan, Brett D.
name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetized high-energy-density plasmas can often have strong electromagnetic fluctuations whose correlation scale is smaller than the electron Larmor radius. Radiation from the electrons in such plasmas, which markedly differs from both synchrotron and cyclotron radiation, and their energy and pitch-angle diffusion are tightly related. In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical and numerical study of the particles' transport in both cold, "small-scale" Langmuir and Whistler-mode turbulence and its relation to the spectra of radiation simultaneously produced by these particles. We emphasize that this relation is a superb diagnostic tool of laboratory, astrophysical, interplanetary, and solar plasmas with a mean magnetic field and strong small-scale turbulence.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
Towards nanoscale multiplexing with parity-time symmetric plasmonic coaxial waveguides
Creators: name: Alaeian, Hadiseh
name: Baum, Brian
name: Jankovic, Vladan
name: Lawrence, Mark
name: Dionne, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate a nanoscale mode-division multiplexing scheme based on parity-time (PT) symmetric coaxial plasmonic waveguides. Coaxial waveguides support paired degenerate modes corresponding to distinct orbital angular momentum states. PT symmetric inclusions of gain and loss break the degeneracy of the paired modes and create new hybrid modes without orbital angular momentum. This process can be made thresholdless by matching the mode order with the number of gain and loss sections within the coaxial ring. Using both a Hamiltonian formulation and degenerate perturbation theory, we show how the wavevectors and fields evolve with increased loss/gain and derive sufficient conditions for thresholdless transitions. As a multiplexing filter, this PT symmetric coaxial waveguide could help double density rates in on-chip nanophotonic networks.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Bernoulli variables, classical exclusion processes and free probability
Creators: name: Bauer, Michel
name: Bernard, Denis
name: Biane, Philippe
name: Hruza, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new description of the known large deviation function of the classical symmetric simple exclusion process by exploiting its connection with the quantum symmetric simple exclusion processes and using tools from free probability. This may seem paradoxal as free probability usually deals with non commutative probability while the simple exclusion process belongs to the realm of classical probability. On the way, we give a new formula for the free energy -- alias the logarithm of the Laplace transform of the probability distribution -- of correlated Bernoulli variables in terms of the set of their cumulants with non-coinciding indices. This latter result is obtained either by developing a combinatorial approach for cumulants of products of random variables or by borrowing techniques from Feynman graphs.
description: 40 pages, submitted to the special issue of the Annales H. Poincare in memory of Krzysztof Gawedzki
Eutrichocampa thamugadensis Conde 1947
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplura
Campodeidae
Eutrichocampa
Eutrichocampa thamugadensis

description: Eutrichocampa thamugadensis Condé, 1947
Eutrichocampa thamugadensis Condé, 1947g: 145, figs a–f.
Meiocampa thamugadensis Paclt, 1957: 31.
Diagnosis (Condé 1947g, 1952b; Bareth 2006; Sendra et al. 2010)
Body length 2.5–3.0 mm; long, smooth clothing setae; antennae with 22–29 antennomeres; sensillum of third antennomere in dorsal position; 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 1+1 lp macrosetae on pronotum and mesonotum, 1+1 ma, 1+1 lp on metanotum; long, thin notal macrosetae with many thin barbs; thin marginal setae similar to clothing setae; calcars with a few barbs; without dorsal femoral macrosetae; one ventral tibial macroseta with distal barb; smooth subapical tarsal setae; subequal claws slightly regularly curved; laminar telotarsal process with very short barbs on ventral side; 1+1 lp macrosetae on IV urotergite, 1+1 la, 1+1 lp on V–VII urotergites, 3+3 lp on VIII urotergite and 5+5 lp on IX abdominal segment; urosternite I 7+7 macrosetae; urosternite II–VII 6+6; ursternite VIII 1+1 macrosetae; first male urosternite I with glandular g 1 -setae and appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae; female with glandular a 1 -setae; cerci a little bit longer than body covered in long macrosetae with barbs and a few clothing setae.
Habitat and distribution
Soil-dwelling species known from a few localities in southeastern France (Condé 1947g), Corsica (Condé 1952b), Algeria (Condé 1947g), the Pontine Islands (Condé 1978b) and Anatolia (Sendra et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/4316883
One-dimensional transport in hybrid metal-semiconductor nanotube systems
Creators: name: Gelin, M. F.
name: Bondarev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an electron transport theory for the hybrid system of a semiconducting carbon nanotube that encapsulates a one-atom-thick metallic wire. The theory predicts Fano resonances in electron transport through the system, whereby the interaction of electrons on the wire with nanotube plasmon generated near-fields blocks some of the wire transmission channels to open up the new coherent plasmon-mediated channel in the nanotube forbidden gap outside the wire transmission band. Such a channel makes the entire hybrid system transparent in the energy domain where neither wire, nor nanotube is indivudually transparent. This effect can be used to manipulate by the electron charge transfer in hybrid nanodevices built on metal-semiconductor nanotube systems.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 appendix, 117 references