cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining racial and ethnic disparities in adult emergency department patient visits for concussion in the United States
Creators: name: Ward, Valerie L.
name: Mannix, Rebekah C.
name: Meehan, William P.
name: Wallace, Jessica S.
name: Walton, Samuel R.
name: Kerr, Zachary Yukio
name: Melvin, Patrice
name: Lempke, Landon B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department (ED) visits have been reported among adolescent patients but are unsubstantiated among adults. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and adult ED visits for concussions, their injury mechanisms, and computed tomography (CT) scan use among a nationally representative sample. Methods We used the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database from 2010–2015 to examine 63,725 adult (20–45 years old) patient visits, representing an estimated 310.6 million visits presented to EDs. Of these visits, 884 (4.5 million national estimate) were diagnosed with a concussion. Visit records detailed patient information (age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, primary payment type), ED visit diagnoses, injury mechanism (sport, motor vehicle, fall, struck by or against, “other”), and head CT scan use. The primary independent variable was race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black or African American, Hispanic/Latinx, non-Hispanic multiracial or another, and non-Hispanic White). We used multivariable logistic and multinomial regression models with complex survey sampling design weighting to examine the relationship between concussion ED visits, injury mechanisms, and CT scan use separately by race/ethnicity while accounting for covariates. Results There were no associations between race/ethnicity and concussion diagnosis among adult ED visits after accounting for covariates. Relative to sports-related injuries, non-Hispanic Black or African American patient visits were associated with a motor vehicle (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.06–6.86) and “other” injury mechanism (OR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.34–15.69) compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Relative to sports-related injuries, non-Hispanic Asian, multiracial, or patients of another race had decreased odds of falls (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04–0.91) and “other” injuries (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.55) compared to non-Hispanic White patients. The odds of a CT scan being performed were significantly lower among Hispanic/Latinx patient visits relative to non-Hispanic White patients (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30–0.91), while no other race/ethnicity comparisons differed. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the overarching concussion ED visit likelihood may not differ by race/ethnicity in adults, but the underlying mechanism causing the concussion and receiving a CT scan demonstrates considerable differences. Prospective future research is warranted to comprehensively understand and intervene in the complex, multi-level race/ethnicity relationships related to concussion health care to ensure equitable patient treatment.
Additional file 1 of Amine-modified nanoplastics promote the procoagulant activation of isolated human red blood cells and thrombus formation in rats
Creators: name: Kim, Eun-Hye
name: Choi, Sungbin
name: Kim, Donghyun
name: Park, Han Jin
name: Bian, Yiying
name: Choi, Sang Ho
name: Chung, Han Young
name: Bae, Ok-Nam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. PS exposure, MV formation and thrombin generation of various polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics (PDF).
Flat Lens Criterion by Small-Angle Phase
Creators: name: Ott, Peter
name: Shakhs, Mohammed H. Al
name: Lezec, Henri J.
name: Chau, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a classical imaging criterion based on angular dependence of small-angle phase can be applied to any system composed of planar, uniform media to determine if it is a flat lens capable of forming a real paraxial image and to estimate the image location. The real paraxial image location obtained by this method shows agreement with past demonstrations of far-field flat-lens imaging and can even predict the location of super-resolved images in the near-field. The generality of this criterion leads to several new predictions: flat lenses for transverse-electric polarization using dielectric layers, a broadband flat lens working across the ultraviolet-visible spectrum, and a flat lens configuration with an image plane located up to several wavelengths from the exit surface. These predictions are supported by full-wave simulations. Our work shows that small-angle phase can be used as a generic metric to categorize and design flat lenses.
Can retinal ganglion cell dipoles seed iso-orientation domains in the visual cortex?
Creators: name: Schottdorf, Manuel
name: Eglen, Stephen J.
name: Wolf, Fred
name: Keil, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It has been argued that the emergence of roughly periodic orientation preference maps (OPMs) in the primary visual cortex (V1) of carnivores and primates can be explained by a so-called statistical connectivity model. This model assumes that input to V1 neurons is dominated by feed-forward projections originating from a small set of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The typical spacing between adjacent cortical orientation columns preferring the same orientation then arises via Moiré-Interference between hexagonal ON/OFF RGC mosaics. While this Moiré-Interference critically depends on long-range hexagonal order within the RGC mosaics, a recent statistical analysis of RGC receptive field positions found no evidence for such long-range positional order. Hexagonal order may be only one of several ways to obtain spatially repetitive OPMs in the statistical connectivity model. Here, we investigate a more general requirement on the spatial structure of RGC mosaics that can seed the emergence of spatially repetitive cortical OPMs, namely that angular correlations between so-called RGC dipoles exhibit a spatial structure similar to that of OPM autocorrelation functions. Both in cat beta cell mosaics as well as primate parasol receptive field mosaics we find that RGC dipole angles are spatially uncorrelated. To help assess the level of these correlations, we introduce a novel point process that generates mosaics with realistic nearest neighbor statistics and a tunable degree of spatial correlations of dipole angles. Using this process, we show that given the size of available data sets, the presence of even weak angular correlations in the data is very unlikely. We conclude that the layout of ON/OFF ganglion cell mosaics lacks the spatial structure necessary to seed iso-orientation domains in the primary visual cortex.
description: 9 figures + 1 Supplementary figure and 1 Supplementary table
$ π^- p \rightarrow D^- Λ_{c}^{+} $ within the Generalized Parton Picture
Creators: name: Kofler, Stefan
name: Kroll, Peter
name: Schweiger, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the reaction $ π^- p \rightarrow D^- Λ_{c}^{+} $ within the generalized parton picture. The process is described by a handbag-type mechanism with the charm-quark mass acting as the hard scale. As in the case of preceding work on $\bar{p} p \rightarrow \barΛ^-_c Λ_{c}^{+} $ we argue that the process amplitude factorizes into one for the perturbatively calculable partonic subprocess $\bar{u} u\rightarrow \bar{c} c$ and hadronic matrix elements that can be parameterized in terms of generalized parton distributions. Modeling the generalized parton distributions by overlaps of (valence-quark) light-cone wave functions for the hadrons involved, we obtain numerical results for unpolarized differential and integrated cross sections as well as spin observables. Our approach works well above the production threshold ($s \gtrsim 20 $GeV$^2$) in the forward hemisphere and predicts unpolarized cross sections of the order of nb, a finding that could be of interest in view of plans to measure $ π^- p \rightarrow D^- Λ_{c}^{+} $ at J-PARC.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Genetic susceptibility loci for Chlamydia trachomatis endometrial infection influence expression of genes involved in T cell function, tryptophan metabolism and epithelial integrity
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiaojing
name: O'Connell, Catherine M.
name: Yount, Kacy
name: Li, Yun
name: Wiesenfeld, Harold C.
name: Liu, Yutong
name: Poston, Taylor B.
name: Wang, Yuhan
name: Zhong, Wujuan
name: Kollipara, Avinash
name: Darville, Toni
name: Hillier, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Objectives Identify genetic loci of enhanced susceptibility to Chlamydial trachomatis (Ct) upper genital tract infection in women.MethodsWe performed an integrated analysis of DNA genotypes and blood-derived mRNA profiles from 200 Ct-exposed women to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and determine their association with endometrial chlamydial infection using a mediation test. We further evaluated the effect of a lead eQTL on the expression of CD151 by immune cells from women with genotypes associated with low and high whole blood expression of CD151, respectively. Results We identified cis-eQTLs modulating mRNA expression of 81 genes (eGenes) associated with altered risk of ascending infection. In women with endometrial infection, eGenes involved in proinflammatory signaling were upregulated. Downregulated eGenes included genes involved in T cell functions pivotal for chlamydial control. eGenes encoding molecules linked to metabolism of tryptophan, an essential chlamydial nutrient, and formation of epithelial tight junctions were also downregulated in women with endometrial infection. A lead eSNP rs10902226 was identified regulating CD151, a tetrospanin molecule important for immune cell adhesion and migration and T cell proliferation. Further in vitro experiments showed that women with a CC genotype at rs10902226 had reduced rates of endometrial infection with increased CD151 expression in whole blood and T cells when compared to women with a GG genotype. Conclusions We discovered genetic variants associated with altered risk for Ct ascension. A lead eSNP for CD151 is a candidate genetic marker for enhanced CD4 T cell function and reduced susceptibility.
Additional file 3 of The role of patients’ stories in medicine: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Quah, Elaine Li Ying
name: Chua, Keith Zi Yuan
name: Lin, Casper Keegan Ronggui
name: Vijayan, Andrew Vimal
name: Abdul Hamid, Nur Amira Binte
name: Owyong, Jasmine Lerk Juan
name: Satku, Neeta
name: Woong, Natalie
name: Lim, Crystal
name: Phua, Gillian Li Gek
name: Ong, Eng Koon
name: Fong, Warren
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Study Characteristics of Included Articles.
The classical Kepler problem and geodesic motion on spaces of constant curvature
Creators: name: Keane, Aidan J.
name: Barrett, Richard K.
name: Simmons, John F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we clarify and generalise previous work by Moser and Belbruno concerning the link between the motions in the classical Kepler problem and geodesic motion on spaces of constant curvature. Both problems can be formulated as Hamiltonian systems and the phase flow in each system is characterised by the value of the corresponding Hamiltonian and one other parameter (the mass parameter in the Kepler problem and the curvature parameter in the geodesic motion problem). Using a canonical transformation the Hamiltonian vector field for the geodesic motion problem is transformed into one which is proportional to that for the Kepler problem. Within this framework the energy of the Kepler problem is equal to (minus) the curvature parameter of the constant curvature space and the mass parameter is given by the value of the Hamiltonian for the geodesic motion problem. We work with the corresponding family of evolution spaces and present a unified treatment which is valid for all values of energy continuously. As a result, there is a correspondence between the constants of motion for both systems and the Runge-Lenz vector in the Kepler problem arises in a natural way from the isometries of a space of constant curvature. In addition, the canonical nature of the transformation guarantees that the Poisson bracket Lie algebra of constants of motion for the classical Kepler problem is identical to that associated with geodesic motion on spaces of constant curvature.
description: Third equation in section 2 corrected
Gene therapy approaches for equine osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Thampi, Parvathy
name: Goodrich, Laurie R.
name: McIlwraith, C. Wayne
name: Grieger, Joshua C.
name: Samulski, R. Jude
name: Phillips, Jennifer N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: With an intrinsically low ability for self-repair, articular cartilage injuries often progress to cartilage loss and joint degeneration resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis and the associated articular cartilage changes can be debilitating, resulting in lameness and functional disability both in human and equine patients. While articular cartilage damage plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OA, the contribution of other joint tissues to the pathogenesis of OA has increasingly been recognized thus prompting a whole organ approach for therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy methods have generated significant interest in OA therapy in recent years. These utilize viral or non-viral vectors to deliver therapeutic molecules directly into the joint space with the goal of reprogramming the cells' machinery to secrete high levels of the target protein at the site of injection. Several viral vector-based approaches have demonstrated successful gene transfer with persistent therapeutic levels of transgene expression in the equine joint. As an experimental model, horses represent the pathology of human OA more accurately compared to other animal models. The anatomical and biomechanical similarities between equine and human joints also allow for the use of similar imaging and diagnostic methods as used in humans. In addition, horses experience naturally occurring OA and undergo similar therapies as human patients and, therefore, are a clinically relevant patient population. Thus, further studies utilizing this equine model would not only help advance the field of human OA therapy but also benefit the clinical equine patients with naturally occurring joint disease. In this review, we discuss the advancements in gene therapeutic approaches for the treatment of OA with the horse as a relevant patient population as well as an effective and commonly utilized species as a translational model.
X-ray Polarimetry as a Tool to Measure the Black Hole Spin in Microquasars: Simulations of IXPE Capabilities
Creators: name: Mikusincova, Romana
name: Dovciak, Michal
name: Bursa, Michal
name: Di Lalla, Niccolo
name: Matt, Giorgio
name: Svoboda, Jiri
name: Taverna, Roberto
name: Zhang, Wenda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the angular momentum (spin) of astrophysical black holes are extremely important, as they provide information on the black hole formation and evolution. We present simulated observations of a X-ray binary system with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), with the aim to study the robustness of black hole spin and geometry measurements using X-ray polarimetry. As a representative example, we used the parameters of GRS 1915+105 in its former unobscured, soft state. In order to simulate the polarization properties, we modeled the source emission with a multicolor blackbody accounting for thermal radiation from the accretion disk, including returning radiation. Our analysis shows that the polarimetric observations in the X-ray waveband will be able to estimate both spin and inclination of the system with a good precision (without returning radiation we obtained for the lowest spin $Δa \leq 0.4$ (0.4/0.998 $\sim$ 40%) for spin and $Δi \leq 30^\circ$ (30$^\circ$/70$^\circ$ $\sim$ 43%) for inclination, while for the higher spin values we obtained $Δa \leq 0.12$ ($\sim$ 12%) for spin and $Δi \leq 20^\circ$ ($ \sim $ 29%) for inclination, within 1$ σ$ errors). When focusing on the case of returning radiation and treating inclination as a known parameter, we were able to successfully reconstruct spin and disk albedo in $Δa \leq 0.15$ ($\sim$ 15%) interval and $Δ$ albedo $\leq 0.45$ (45%) intervals within 1$ σ$ errors. We conclude that X-ray polarimetry will be a useful tool to constrain black hole spins, in addition to timing and spectral-fitting methods.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Hund's metals, explained
Creators: name: Medici, Luca de'
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible practical definition for a Hund's metal is given, as a metallic phase - arising consistently in realistic simulations and experiments in Fe-based superconductors and other materials - with three features: large electron masses, high-spin local configurations dominating the paramagnetic fluctuations and orbital-selective correlations. These features are triggered by, and increase with the proximity to, a Hund's coupling-favored Mott insulator that is realized for half-filled conduction bands. A clear crossover line is found where these three features get enhanced, departing from the Mott transition at half filling and extending in the interaction/doping plane, between a normal (at weak interaction and large doping) and a Hund's metal (at strong interaction and small doping). This phenomenology is found identically in models with featureless bands, highlighting the generality of this physics and its robustness by respect to the details of the material band structures. Some analytical arguments are also given to gain insight into these defining features. Finally the attention is brought on the recent theoretical finding of enhanced/diverging electronic compressibility near the Hund's metal crossover, pointing to enhanced quasiparticle interactions that can cause or boost superconductivity or other instabilities.
description: Lecture prepared for the Autumn School on Correlated Electrons, 25-29 September 2017, Juelich. To appear on: E. Pavarini, E. Koch, R. Scalettar, and R. Martin (eds.) The Physics of Correlated Insulators, Metals, and Superconductors Modeling and Simulation Vol. 7 Forschungszentrum Juelich, 2017, ISBN 978-3-95806-224-5 http://www.cond-mat.de/events/correl17
Supporting algebra handling for `Constructing the space of quasisymmetric stellartors through near-axis expansion'
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supporting Mathematica script with the derivation of the expressions for the 2nd order ODE on B20, expressions of which are presented in the paper `Constructing the space of quasisymmetric stellartors through near-axis expansion'. This uses the notation in the paper.
Rearrangement groups of fractals
Creators: name: Belk, James
name: Forrest, Bradley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65 (Primary), 20F38, 28A80 (Secondary)

description: We construct rearrangement groups for edge replacement systems, an infinite class of groups that generalize Richard Thompson's groups F, T, and V . Rearrangement groups act by piecewise-defined homeomorphisms on many self-similar topological spaces, among them the Vicsek fractal and many Julia sets. We show that every rearrangement group acts properly on a locally finite CAT(0) cubical complex, and we use this action to prove that certain rearrangement groups are of type F infinity.
description: Published version
Supporting algebra handling for `Constructing the space of quasisymmetric stellartors through near-axis expansion'
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supporting Mathematica script with the derivation of the expressions for the 2nd order ODE on B20, expressions of which are presented in the paper `Constructing the space of quasisymmetric stellartors through near-axis expansion'. This uses the notation in the paper. An updated, tidier version is to follow.
Particles act as ‘specialty centers’ with expanded enzymatic function throughout the water column in the western North Atlantic
Creators: name: Ghobrial, Sherif
name: Brown, Sarah
name: Hoarfrost, Adrienne
name: Balmonte, John Paul
name: Lloyd, C. Chad
name: Arnosti, Carol
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Heterotrophic bacteria initiate the degradation of high molecular weight organic matter by producing an array of extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze complex organic matter into sizes that can be taken up into the cell. These bacterial communities differ spatially and temporally in composition, and potentially also in their enzymatic complements. Previous research has shown that particle-associated bacteria can be considerably more active than bacteria in the surrounding bulk water, but most prior studies of particle-associated bacteria have been focused on the upper ocean - there are few measurements of enzymatic activities of particle-associated bacteria in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic ocean, although the bacterial communities in the deep are dependent upon degradation of particulate organic matter to fuel their metabolism. We used a broad suite of substrates to compare the glucosidase, peptidase, and polysaccharide hydrolase activities of particle-associated and unfiltered seawater microbial communities in epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic waters across 11 stations in the western North Atlantic. We concurrently determined bacterial community composition of unfiltered seawater and of samples collected via gravity filtration (>3 μm). Overall, particle-associated bacterial communities showed a broader spectrum of enzyme activities compared with unfiltered seawater communities. These differences in enzymatic activities were greater at offshore than at coastal locations, and increased with increasing depth in the ocean. The greater differences in enzymatic function measured on particles with depth coincided with increasing differences in particle-associated community composition, suggesting that particles act as ‘specialty centers’ that are essential for degradation of organic matter even at bathypelagic depths.
Novel Insights into the Effects of Genetic Variants on Serum Urate Response to an Acute Fructose Challenge: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinruo
name: Talevi, Valentina
name: Mass, Baba B.
name: Voruganti, Venkata Saroja
name: North, Kari E.
name: Hou, Ruixue
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Studies have shown that genetic variations can influence metabolic response to nutrient intake, and that diets rich in fructose contribute to hyperuricemia. In this pilot study, our aim was to determine the variability of serum urate in response to an acute fructose challenge and to investigate if genetic variants would affect this response in young to middle-aged adults who self-reported as Black or White. Fifty-seven participants consumed a fructose-rich beverage after an overnight fast. Blood was drawn at five time points (baseline, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after consumption). Thirty urate-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for their associations with baseline serum urate and its percent changes, using a two-step modeling approach followed by meta-analysis. At baseline, serum urate (mg/dL, mean ± SD) was higher in Whites (5.60 ± 1.01 vs. 5.37 ± 0.96), men (6.17 ± 1.14 vs. 5.24 ± 0.79), and those with obesity (5.69 ± 1.08 vs. 5.42 ± 1.06 vs. 5.34 ± 0.80). Three SNPs were significantly associated with baseline serum urate or its percent changes, and six SNPs were nominally associated with percent changes in serum urate. In summary, our results showed that genetic variants could play a role in short-term urate metabolism.
Molecular identification of hymenopteran parasitoids and their endosymbionts from agromyzids
Creators: name: Xu, X
name: Hoffmann, AA
name: Umina, PA
name: Ward, SE
name: Coquilleau, MP
name: Malipatil, Mallik
name: Ridland, PM
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 300409
subject: Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)

description: Three polyphagous pest Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) have recently invaded Australia and are damaging horticultural crops. Parasitic wasps are recognized as effective natural enemies of leafmining species globally and are expected to become important biocontrol agents in Australia. However, the hymenopteran parasitoid complex of agromyzids in Australia is poorly known and its use hindered due to taxonomic challenges when based on morphological characters. Here, we identified 14 parasitoid species of leafminers based on molecular and morphological data. We linked DNA barcodes (5′ end cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences) to five adventive eulophid wasp species (Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt), Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), and Neochrysocharis okazakii Kamijo) and two braconid species (Dacnusa areolaris (Nees) and Opius cinerariae Fischer). We also provide the first DNA barcodes (5′ end COI sequences) with linked morphological characters for seven wasp species, with three identified to species level (Closterocerus mirabilis Edwards & La Salle, Trigonogastrella parasitica (Girault), and Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah) and four identified to genus (Aprostocetus sp., Asecodes sp., Opius sp. 1, and Opius sp. 2). Phylogenetic analyses suggest C. pubicornis, D. isaea, H. varicornis, and O. cinerariae are likely cryptic species complexes. Neochrysocharis formosa and Aprostocetus sp. specimens were infected with Rickettsia. Five other species (Cl. mirabilis, D. isaea, H. varicornis, Opius sp. 1, and Opius sp. 2) were infected with Wolbachia, while two endosymbionts (Rickettsia and Wolbachia) co-infected N. okazakii. These findings provide background information about the parasitoid fauna expected to help control the leafminers.
Cerium anomaly as a tracer for paleo-oceanic redox conditions: A thermodynamics-based Ce oxidation modeling approach
Creators: name: Chen, J.
name: Cao, C.
name: Liu, X.-M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Reconstructing redox conditions in the paleo-ocean is essential to understand the Earth’s biogeochemical evolution. Cerium (Ce) anomaly in marine sediments has been used to distinguish oxic versus anoxic depositional environments in the Paleo-ocean. Previous studies suggested that dissolved oxygen is indispensable to cerium oxidation. Therefore, this reaction can be thermodynamically modeled to quantify oxygen contents in the ocean. This study presents a series of thermodynamics-based models to relate Ce anomaly to dissolved oxygen level. We then evaluated these models in two representatively settings, including an oxic ocean and anoxic basin. Finally, we examined the modeled relationship on a compiled dataset of cerium anomaly and dissolved oceanic oxygen content. These models suggest that the cerium anomaly is quantitatively related to oceanic oxygen, pH, and phosphate concentration. Notably, the results suggest that cerium anomaly is not sensitive to changes in dissolved oxygen in oxic environments. By contrast, Ce anomaly is well correlated with dissolved oxygen in anoxic environments, and it was less affected by pH and phosphate concentration. This research has significant implications for using lanthanide patterns in ancient marine carbonates to quantify dissolved oxygen level, especially during anoxic events in the Paleo-ocean.
Global change differentially modulates Caribbean coral physiology
Creators: name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Thomasson, B.C.
name: Umbanhowar, J.
name: Bove, C.B.
name: McCoppin, J.A.
name: Ries, J.B.
name: Farquhar, E.B.
name: Davies, S.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal symbionts is particularly vulnerable to increasing ocean temperatures and altered carbonate chemistry. Here, we assess the physiological responses of three Caribbean coral (animal host + algal symbiont) species from an inshore and offshore reef environment after exposure to simulated ocean warming (28, 31◦C), acidification (300–3290 μatm), and the combination of stressors for 93 days. We used multidimensional analyses to assess how a variety of coral physiological parameters respond to ocean acidification and warming. Our results demonstrate reductions in coral health in Siderastrea siderea and Porites astreoides in response to projected ocean acidification, while future warming elicited severe declines in Pseudodiploria strigosa. Offshore S. siderea fragments exhibited higher physiological plasticity than inshore counterparts, suggesting that this offshore population was more susceptible to changing conditions. There were no plasticity differences in P. strigosa and P. astreoides between natal reef environments, however, temperature evoked stronger responses in both species. Interestingly, while each species exhibited unique physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming, when data from all three species are modelled together, convergent stress responses to these conditions are observed, highlighting the overall sensitivities of tropical corals to these stressors. Our results demonstrate that while ocean warming is a severe acute stressor that will have dire consequences for coral reefs globally, chronic exposure to acidification may also impact coral physiology to a greater extent in some species than previously assumed. Further, our study identifies S. siderea and P. astreoides as potential ‘winners’ on future Caribbean coral reefs due to their resilience under projected global change stressors, while P. strigosa will likely be a ‘loser’ due to their sensitivity to thermal stress events. Together, these species-specific responses to global change we observe will likely manifest in altered Caribbean reef assemblages in the future.
Derandomized Distributed Multi-resource Allocation with Little Communication Overhead
Creators: name: Alam, Syed Eqbal
name: Shorten, Robert
name: Wirth, Fabian
name: Yu, Jia Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a class of distributed optimization problems for multiple shared resource allocation in Internet-connected devices. We propose a derandomized version of an existing stochastic additive-increase and multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) algorithm. The proposed solution uses one bit feedback signal for each resource between the system and the Internet-connected devices and does not require inter-device communication. Additionally, the Internet-connected devices do not compromise their privacy and the solution does not dependent on the number of participating devices. In the system, each Internet-connected device has private cost functions which are strictly convex, twice continuously differentiable and increasing. We show empirically that the long-term average allocations of multiple shared resources converge to optimal allocations and the system achieves minimum social cost. Furthermore, we show that the proposed derandomized AIMD algorithm converges faster than the stochastic AIMD algorithm and both the approaches provide approximately same solutions.
Mode-Suppression: A Simple, Stable and Scalable Chunk-Sharing Algorithm for P2P Networks
Creators: name: Raja, Vamseedhar Reddyvari
name: Parag, Parimal
name: Shakkottai, Srinivas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability of a P2P network to scale its throughput up in proportion to the arrival rate of peers has recently been shown to be crucially dependent on the chunk sharing policy employed. Some policies can result in low frequencies of a particular chunk, known as the missing chunk syndrome, which can dramatically reduce throughput and lead to instability of the system. For instance, commonly used policies that nominally "boost" the sharing of infrequent chunks such as the well known rarest-first algorithm have been shown to be unstable. Recent efforts have largely focused on the careful design of boosting policies to mitigate this issue. We take a complementary viewpoint, and instead consider a policy that simply prevents the sharing of the most frequent chunk(s). Following terminology from statistics wherein the most frequent value in a data set is called the mode, we refer to this policy as mode-suppression. We also consider a more general version that suppresses the mode only if the mode frequency is larger than the lowest frequency by a fixed threshold. We prove the stability of mode-suppression using Lyapunov techniques, and use a Kingman bound argument to show that the total download time does not increase with peer arrival rate. We then design versions of mode-suppression that sample a small number of peers at each time, and construct noisy mode estimates by aggregating these samples over time. We show numerically that the variants of mode-suppression yield near-optimal download times, and outperform all other recently proposed chunk sharing algorithms.
Channel-aware Decoupling Network for Multi-turn Dialogue Comprehension
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhuosheng
name: Zhao, Hai
name: Liu, Longxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training machines to understand natural language and interact with humans is one of the major goals of artificial intelligence. Recent years have witnessed an evolution from matching networks to pre-trained language models (PrLMs). In contrast to the plain-text modeling as the focus of the PrLMs, dialogue texts involve multiple speakers and reflect special characteristics such as topic transitions and structure dependencies between distant utterances. However, the related PrLM models commonly represent dialogues sequentially by processing the pairwise dialogue history as a whole. Thus the hierarchical information on either utterance interrelation or speaker roles coupled in such representations is not well addressed. In this work, we propose compositional learning for holistic interaction across the utterances beyond the sequential contextualization from PrLMs, in order to capture the utterance-aware and speaker-aware representations entailed in a dialogue history. We decouple the contextualized word representations by masking mechanisms in Transformer-based PrLM, making each word only focus on the words in current utterance, other utterances, and two speaker roles (i.e., utterances of sender and utterances of the receiver), respectively. In addition, we employ domain-adaptive training strategies to help the model adapt to the dialogue domains. Experimental results show that our method substantially boosts the strong PrLM baselines in four public benchmark datasets, achieving new state-of-the-art performance over previous methods.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS). Journal extension of arXiv:2009.06504
Additional file 1 of Identifying project topics and requirements in a citizen science project in rare diseases: a participative study
Creators: name: Neff, Michaela
name: Storf, Holger
name: Vasseur, Jessica
name: Scheidt, Jörg
name: Zerr, Thomas
name: Khouri, Andreas
name: Schaaf, Jannik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: SRQR guideline.
Exciton-polaron complexes in pulsed electrically-detected magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Keevers, T. L.
name: Baker, W. J.
name: McCamey, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several microscopic pathways have been proposed to explain the large magnetic effects observed in organic semiconductors, but identifying and characterising which microscopic process actually influences the overall magnetic field response is challenging. Pulsed electrically-detected magnetic resonance provides an ideal platform for this task as it intrinsically monitors the charge carriers of interest and provides dynamical information which is inaccessible through conventional magnetoconductance measurements. Here we develop a general time domain theory to describe the spin-dependent reaction of exciton-charge complexes following the coherent manipulation of paramagnetic centers through electron spin resonance. A general Hamiltonian is treated, and it is shown that the transition frequencies and resonance positions of the exciton-polaron complex can be used to estimate inter-species coupling. This work also provides a general formalism for analysing multi-pulse experiments which can be used to extract relaxation and transport rates.
Comparison of baseline lymphoma and HIV characteristics in Malawi before and after implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy
Creators: name: Kimani, S.
name: Tomoka, T.
name: Chimzimu, F.
name: Kaimila, B.
name: Lilly, A.
name: Gondwe, Y.
name: Fedoriw, Y.
name: Randall, C.
name: Mumba, N.
name: Kudowa, E.
name: Gopal, S.
name: Kampani, C.
name: Mulenga, M.
name: Kasonkanji, E.D.
name: Zuze, T.
name: Painschab, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to epidemiological changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated lymphoma in high-income countries such as reductions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and stable or increased Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). In 2016, Malawi implemented a universal ART (UART) policy, expanding ART eligibility to all persons living with HIV (PLWH). We compare the distribution of lymphoma subtypes and baseline HIV and prognostic characteristics for lymphoma patients in Malawi before and after implementation of UART. We enrolled patients with pathologically confirmed incident lymphoproliferative disorders into a observational clinical cohort. At diagnosis, a comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation was performed. Of 412 participants, 156 (38%) were pre-UART (2013-June 2016) and 256 (62%) post-UART (July 2016-2020). HIV prevalence was 50% in both groups. The most common pre-UART diagnoses were DLBCL [75 (48%)], low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [19 (12%)], HL [17 (11%)] and, BL [13 (8%)]. For post-UART they were DLBCL [111 (43%)], NHL [28 (11%)], BL [27 11%)] and, HL [20 (8%)]. Among PLWH, 44 (57%) pre-UART initiated ART prior to lymphoma diagnosis compared to 99 (78%) post-UART (p = 0.02). HIV-ribonucleic acid was suppressed <1000 copies/mL in 56% (33/59) pre-UART and 71% (73/103) post-UART (p = 0.05). CD4 T-cell counts were similar for both groups. We observed similar findings in the subset of participants with DLBCL. Overall, there were no significant changes in incident lymphoma subtypes (p = 0.61) after implementation of UART, but HIV was better controlled. Emerging trends bear monitoring and may have implications for prognosis and health system priority setting.
A Functional Decomposition of Finite Bandwidth Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
Creators: name: Adams, Gregory T.
name: Wagner, Nathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47

description: In this work, we consider "finite bandwidth" reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces which have orthonormal bases of the form $f_n(z)=z^n \prod_{j=1}^J \left( 1 - a_{n}w_j z \right)$, where $w_1 ,w_2, \ldots w_J $ are distinct points on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ and $\{ a_n \}$ is a sequence of complex numbers with limit $1$. We provide general conditions based on a matrix recursion that guarantee such spaces contain a functional multiple of the Hardy space. Then we apply this general method to obtain strong results for finite bandwidth spaces when $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} n (1-a_n)=p$. In particular, we show that point evaluation can be extended boundedly to precisely $J$ additional points on $\mathbb{T}$ and we obtain an explicit functional decomposition of these spaces for $p>1/2$ in analogy with a previous result in the tridiagonal case due to Adams and McGuire. We also prove that multiplication by $z$ is a bounded operator on these spaces and that they contain the polynomials.
description: 19 pages with references
Bismuth antiphase domain wall: A three-dimensional manifestation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
Creators: name: Kim, Jinwoong
name: Huang, Cheng-Yi
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: Kioussis, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Su, Schrieffer and Heeger (SSH) model, describing the soliton excitations in polyacetylene due to the formation of antiphase domain walls (DW) from the alternating bond pattern, has served as a paradigmatic example of one-dimensional (1D) chiral topological insulators. While the SSH model has been realized in photonic and plasmonic systems, there have been limited analogues in three-dimensional (3D) electronic systems, especially regarding the formation of antiphase DWs. Here, we propose that pristine bulk Bi, in which the dimerization of $(111)$ atomic layers renders alternating covalent and van der Waals bonding within and between successive $(111)$ bilayers, respectively, serves as a 3D analogue of the SSH model. First, we confirm that the two dimerized Bi structures belong to different Zak phases of 0 and $π$ by considering the parity eigenvalues and Wannier charge centers, while the previously reported bulk topological phases of Bi remain invariant under the dimerization reversal. Next, we demonstrate the existence of topologically non-trivial $(111)$ and trivial $(11\bar{2})$ DWs in which the number of in-gap DW states (ignoring spin) is odd and even respectively, and show how this controls the interlinking of the Zak phases of the two adjacent domains. Finally, we derive general criteria specifying when a DW of arbitrary orientation exhibits a $π$ Zak phase based on the flip of parity eigenvalues. An experimental realization of dimerization in Bi and the formation of DWs may be achieved via intense femtosecond laser excitations that can alter the interatomic forces and bond lengths.
Additional file 1 of ApoER2-Dab1 disruption as the origin of pTau-associated neurodegeneration in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Ramsden, Christopher E.
name: Zamora, Daisy
name: Horowitz, Mark S.
name: Jahanipour, Jahandar
name: Calzada, Elizabeth
name: Li, Xiufeng
name: Keyes, Gregory S.
name: Murray, Helen C.
name: Curtis, Maurice A.
name: Faull, Richard M.
name: Sedlock, Andrea
name: Maric, Dragan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Contains supplementary tables, extended figures, and supplementary text on materials and methods.
Ejecta cloud distributions for the statistical analysis of impact cratering events onto asteroids' surfaces: a sensitivity analysis
Creators: name: Trisolini, Mirko
name: Colombo, Camilla
name: Tsuda, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents the model of an ejecta cloud distribution to characterise the plume generated by the impact of a projectile onto asteroids surfaces. A continuum distribution based on the combination of probability density functions is developed to describe the size, ejection speed, and ejection angles of the fragments. The ejecta distribution is used to statistically analyse the fate of the ejecta. By combining the ejecta distribution with a space-filling sampling technique, we draw samples from the distribution and assigned them a number of \emph{representative fragments} so that the evolution in time of a single sample is representative of an ensemble of fragments. Using this methodology, we analyse the fate of the ejecta as a function of different modelling techniques and assumptions. We evaluate the effect of different types of distributions, ejection speed models, coefficients, etc. The results show that some modelling assumptions are more influential than others and, in some cases, they influence different aspects of the ejecta evolution such as the share of impacting and escaping fragments or the distribution of impacting fragments on the asteroid surface.
Additional file 2 of Identifying project topics and requirements in a citizen science project in rare diseases: a participative study
Creators: name: Neff, Michaela
name: Storf, Holger
name: Vasseur, Jessica
name: Scheidt, Jörg
name: Zerr, Thomas
name: Khouri, Andreas
name: Schaaf, Jannik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Pre survey questionnaire.