cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and experiences with district health information system software to collect and utilize health data in Bangladesh: a qualitative exploratory study
Creators: name: Rahman, Aminur
name: Adamou, Bridgit
name: Parvez, Muhammad Masud
name: Begum, Tahmina
name: Islam, Mohammad Saiful
name: Khan, Shaan Muberra
name: Kumkum, Feroza Akhter
name: Anwar, Iqbal
name: Ferdous, Jannatul
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description:
Background Accurate and high-quality data are important for improving program effectiveness and informing policy.In 2009 Bangladesh’s health management information system (HMIS) adopted the District Health Information Software, Version 2 (DHIS2) to capture real-time health service utilization data. However, routinely collected data are being underused because of poor data quality and reporting. We aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers to implementing DHIS2 as a way to retrieve meaningful and accurate data for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) services. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in two districts of Bangladesh from September 2017 to 2018. Data collection included key informant interviews (n = 11), in-depth interviews (n = 23), and focus group discussions (n = 2). The study participants were involved with DHIS2 implementation from the community level to the national level. The data were analyzed thematically. Results DHIS2 could improve the timeliness and completeness of data reporting over time. The reported facilitating factors were strong government commitment, extensive donor support, and positive attitudes toward technology among staff. Quality checks and feedback loops at multiple levels of data gathering points are helpful for minimizing data errors. Introducing a dashboard makes DHIS2 compatible to use as a monitoring tool. Barriers to effective DHIS2 implementation were lack of human resources, slow Internet connectivity, frequent changes to DHIS2 versions, and maintaining both manual and electronic system side-by-side. The data in DHIS2 remains incomplete because it does not capture data from private health facilities. Having two parallel HMIS reporting the same RMNCAH indicators threatens data quality and increases the reporting workload. Conclusion The overall insights from this study are expected to contribute to the development of effective strategies for successful DHIS2 implementation and building a responsive HMIS. Focused strategic direction is needed to sustain the achievements of digital data culture. Periodic refresher trainings, incentives for increased performance, and an automated single reporting system for multiple stakeholders could make the system more user-friendly. A national electronic health strategy and implementation framework can facilitate creating a culture of DHIS2 use for planning, setting priorities, and decision making among stakeholder groups.
title: Nutzerorientierte Innovationsmethoden in Behördenbibliotheken
Creators: name: Nowak, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Der ständige Wandel der Gesellschaft hinsichtlich der Bedürfnisse und Arbeitsgewohnheiten, stellt eine Herausforderung dar, mit der sich auch Behördenbibliotheken auseinandersetzen müssen. Diese stetigen Veränderungen führen zu einem erhöhten Innovationsbedarf in diesen Bibliotheken. Die Arbeit setzt sich mit zwei möglichen nutzerorientierten Innovationsmethoden auseinander. Jene können dazu beitragen, dass die veränderten Bedürfnisse der Bibliotheksnutzer unmittelbar in Innovationsprojekte der Behördenbibliotheken mit einfließen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden die theoretischen Grundlagen von Innovationen sowie der zwei Methoden, Open Innovation und Design Thinking, dargestellt. Open Innovation und Design Thinking werden darüber hinaus anhand von Praxisbeispielen aus Bibliotheken näher erläutert. Außerdem werden sowohl die Aufgaben als auch die allgemeinen Herausforderungen in Behördenbibliotheken dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die durchgeführte empirische Untersuchung beschrieben, die einen Aufschluss über den aktuellen Stand von Innovationen in Behördenbibliotheken geben soll. Abschließend werden, anhand der theoretischen Grundlagen sowie der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, Erfolgskriterien und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Durchführung von nutzerintegrierten Innovationsprojekten für Behördenbibliotheken gegeben.
Bank organization and screening performance
Creators: name: Hoshi, Takeo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper develops a simple model of organization design for a bank by modifying the model by Sah and Stiglitz (1986). Two alternative forms of bank organization are considered. In the "single-layered" organization, each loan candidate is screened only once. In the "double-layered" organization, loans are screened twice and have to be accepted by two independent decision units. It is shown that the single-layered organization originates more loans but its portfolio includes a higher proportion of bad loans compared with the double-layered organization. The profits for a bank with single-layered organization are higher than that with double-layered organization if (a) the quality of initial portfolio is high, (b) the problem of Type I error is serious, (c) the problem of Type II error is small, and/or (d) the screening cost is high. When the bank optimally chooses the intensity of screening, given the organizational structure, the bank with single-layered organization chooses a higher level of efforts to improve the screening skill. The preliminary empirical analysis suggests that the model is consistent with the recent experience in Japanese banking.
title: Gute Fragen für gute Lehre. Eine Handreichung für Lehrende zur Erstellung von Fragen im Antwortwahlverfahren.
Creators: name: Ehrich, Felix
name: Frie, Claudia
name: Kirchberg, Andrea
name: Klee, Tatiana
name: Meißner, Doris
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Fragen gehören zu den wirkungsvollsten Mitteln, um Lernprozesse anzustoßen. Sie regen Studierende an, sich mit Inhalten auseinanderzusetzen, diese zu verstehen und ihr Wissen und Können zu zeigen. Fragen ermöglichen Lernenden genauso wie Lehrenden Feedback zum Lernstand zu erhalten. Eine „gute“ Frage zu erstellen, ist eine Herausforderung für alle Dozierenden, die ihnen in verschiedenen Lehrzusammenhängen begegnet: • Klausurfragen (summatives Prüfen) • Test- und Übungsaufgaben zur Selbsteinschätzung Studierender • Test- und Übungsaufgaben als Lernfortschrittskontrolle • Semesterbegleitende Übungsaufgaben zum kontinuierlichen Lernen • Fragen für den Einsatz von Abstimmungssystemen (Audience-Response-Systeme) Die vorliegende Handreichung bietet eine praktische Anleitung zur Erstellung guter Fragen im Antwort-Wahl-Verfahren (AWV). Unter guten Fragen verstehen wir Fragen hoher Qualität hinsichtlich der Gütekriterien Reliabilität, Validität und Objektivität. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bilden allgemeine Hinweise zur Formulierung guter Fragen, wobei auch die fachdisziplinäre Sicht berücksichtigt wird.
Bringing a network perspective into research on technological transfers and other interorganizational relationships
Creators: name: Auster, Ellen R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: International economic relations
Commerce

description: International interorganizational relationships have exploded in the last decade (U.S. News and World Report, June 20, 1988: 48) and not surprisingly researchers have become increasingly interested in this phenomenon. A strong foundation of research grounded in strategic and transaction cost approaches is emerging on dyads at the organizational and industry level. This article proposes that a network perspective which considers the constellation of relationships these dyads are embedded in could enhance this research stream by bringing issues of power, resource dependence and exchange to the forefront. Applications using data on U.S./Japan linkages are used to illustrate a network approach. Implications for future research on interorganizational relationships are considered.
Archaeoastronomical analysis of the Roman Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi (Timgad) , founded at the sunrise of Trajan's Birthday
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Archaeoastronomy

description: It was told that the Roman Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi (Timgad in Algeria), founded in 100 AD, had been oriented to the sunrise on the day of Trajan’s birthday, given as September 18. This Gregorian date corresponds to September 17 of the Julian Calendar. Here we use software such as CalSKY and Stellarium to investigate the sunrise azimuth and compare it to the direction of the decumanus of the Roman town.  After the archaeoastronomical analysis we can conclude that the assertion concerning the orientation of Timgad to the sunrise of the day of Trajan’s birthday could be true.
Supplementary document for High-speed feedback based wavefront shaping for spatio-temporal enhancement of incoherent light through dynamic scattering media - 6354007.pdf
Creators: name: Hsieh, Chaomao
name: Malik, MOHAMMAD O. A.
name: Liu, Quan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement1
Could M31 be the result of a major merger?
Creators: name: Fouquet, Sylvain
name: Hammer, François
name: Yang, Yang-Bin
name: Wang, Jianling
name: Puech, Mathieu
name: Flores, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated a scenario in which M31 could be the remnant of a gas-rich major merger. Galaxy merger simulations, highly constrained by observations, were run using GADGET 2 in order to reproduce M31. We succeeded in reproducing the global shape of M31, the thin disk and the bulge, and in addition some of the main M31 large-scale features, such as the thick disk, the 10kpc ring and the Giant Stream. This lead to a new explanation of the Giant Stream which could be caused by tidal tail stars that have been captured by the galaxy potential.
description: Proceedings for the conference "Assembling the puzzle of the Milky Way", 2 pages
Peace and security on the Korean peninsula: Reflections on the economic dimension
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Our Study Mission focused on the potential for instability and hence military or other confrontations between North and South Korea that emanate from conditions within North Korea. We identified three major potential causes of instability. One is the potential threat of North Korea producing and hence possessing nuclear weapons. I, like others, consider this a highly destabilizing factor; it is discussed elsewhere in the Study Mission report. A second factor is the transition of political leadership following the death of President Kim II Sung. While his son, Kim Jung II, apparently is his designated successor, there is some uncertainty as to the nature of the transition process. Typically in Communist nations the legitimacy of leadership change has been open to question and tension and conflicts in the transition period have been the norm. This second issue is also dealt with elsewhere in the Study Mission report. The third potential cause of instability lies in the possibility of economic decline, even collapse, of the North Korean economy sufficient to engender chaos which would have severe political and security repercussions.
title: Vergleich von nativer App- und Cross-Platform-Entwicklung (Facebook React Native und Google Flutter)
Creators: name: Armagan, Ferdi
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: Die Entwicklung mobiler Applikationen für iOS und Android ist in der Regel mit viel Arbeit verbunden, da man für beide Plattformen gezwungenermaßen unterschiedlichen Quelltext schreiben muss. Abhilfe für dieses Problem schaffen Cross-Platform-Frameworks wie React Native von Facebook oder Flutter von Google. Anhand dieser Frameworks lassen sich Apps für beide Plattformen mit nur einer Codebase entwickeln. Eine kritische Stelle und oft gebrauchtes Kontra-Argument gegen die Entwicklung mit Cross-Platform-Frameworks ist die Hardwarenähe der nativen Applikationen, an welcher es den Frameworks vermeintlich mangelt. Doch wie ist der Stand der Dinge im Jahr 2020? Können Cross-Platform-Frameworks inzwischen performant und einfach auf Hardwarekomponenten zugreifen und machen damit die mühsame, native Entwicklung für iOS und Android vor allem in Anbetracht der Entwicklung von größerer Enterprise-Software obsolet? Dieser Frage wird in dieser Arbeit nachgegangen und generell überprüft wie tauglich die Cross-Platform-Entwicklung ist. Nach dem Lesen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollte entschieden werden können, ob Cross-Platform-Frameworks für das Anwendungsproblem des Lesers geeignet sind. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden je zwei Applikationen im Rahmen einer Fallstudie für je iOS und Android entwickelt, damit geprüft werden konnte, wie förderlich die zuvor genannten Frameworks sind. Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt also auf der Güte bzw. dem heutigen Stand der Cross-Platform-Entwicklung, vor allem im Bezug auf die Benutzung von Hardwarekomponenten bzw. betriebssystemspezifischen Diensten (Bluetooth, Kamera, etc.). Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie zeigen, dass es stets auf den Kontext und die Komplexität der zu realisierenden Anwendung ankommt inwiefern Cross-Platform-Frameworks verwendet werden können. In simplen Anwendungsfällen können Frameworks meist zu einer erheblichen Kostenminimierung und Zeitersparnis führen, wohingegen bei komplexeren Anwendungen relativ schnell Grenzen und starke Abhängigkeiten erreicht werden.
Toward Unbiased Galaxy Cluster Masses from Line of Sight Velocity Dispersions
Creators: name: Saro, A.
name: Bazin, G.
name: Mohr, J.
name: Dolag, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the use of red sequence selected galaxy spectroscopy for unbiased estimation of galaxy cluster masses. We use the publicly available galaxy catalog produced using the semi-analytic model of De Lucia & Blaizot (2007) on the Millenium Simulation (Springel et al. 2005). We explore the impacts on selection using galaxy color, projected separation from the cluster center, and galaxy luminosity. We study the relationship between cluster mass and velocity dispersion and identify and characterize the following sources of bias and scatter: halo triaxiality, dynamical friction of red luminous galaxies and interlopers. We show that due to halo triaxiality the intrinsic scatter of estimated line of sight dynamical mass is about three times larger (30-40%) than the one estimated using the 3D velocity dispersion (~12%) and a small bias (~1%) is induced. We find evidence of increasing scatter as a function of redshift and provide a fitting formula to account for it. We characterize the amount of bias and scatter introduced by dynamical friction when using subsamples of red-luminous galaxies to estimate the velocity dispersion. We study the presence of interlopers in spectroscopic samples and their effect on the estimated cluster dynamical mass. Our results show that while cluster velocity dispersions extracted from a few dozen red sequence selected galaxies do not provide precise masses on a single cluster basis, an ensemble of cluster velocity dispersions can be combined to produce a precise calibration of a cluster survey mass observable relation. Currently, disagreements in the literature on simulated subhalo velocity dispersion mass relations place a systematic floor on velocity dispersion mass calibration at the 15% level in mass. We show that the selection related uncertainties are small by comparison, providing hope that with further improvements this systematic floor can be reduced.
description: submitted to ApJ
Terahertz Dynamics of Quantum-Confined Electrons in Carbon Nanomaterials
Creators: name: Ren, L.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Nanot, S.
name: Kawayama, I.
name: Tonouchi, M.
name: Kono, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-dimensional carbon nanostructures, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene, offer new opportunities for terahertz science and technology. Being zero-gap systems with a linear, photon-like energy dispersion, metallic SWCNTs and graphene exhibit a variety of extraordinary properties. Their DC and linear electrical properties have been extensively studied in the last decade, but their unusual finite-frequency, nonlinear, and/or non-equilibrium properties are largely unexplored, although they are predicted to be useful for new terahertz device applications. Terahertz dynamic conductivity measurements allow us to probe the dynamics of such photon-like electrons, or massless Dirac fermions. Here, we use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate terahertz conductivities of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrons, respectively, in films of highly aligned SWCNTs and gated large-area graphene. In SWCNTs, we observe extremely anisotropic terahertz conductivities, promising for terahertz polarizer applications. In graphene, we demonstrate that terahertz and infrared properties sensitively change with the Fermi energy, which can be controlled by electrical gating and thermal annealing.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
title: Hochverfügbare Automatisierungsnetzwerke am Beispiel von PROFINET
title: Topologiebetrachtungen und Verfügbarkeitskennzahlen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stelljes, Sebastian
name: Niemann, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: Dieses Research Paper befasst sich mit dem Thema der Hochverfügbarkeit von Automatisierungsnetzwerken am Beispiel von PROFINET. Anhand von verschiedenen PROFINET-Topologien soll verdeutlicht werden, durch welche Maßnahmen eine hohe Verfügbarkeit erzielt werden kann. Zuvor wird mithilfe von grundliegenden Berechnungsbeispielen gezeigt, wie sich die Verfügbarkeit eines technischen Systems ermitteln lässt. Anschließend erfolgt für die Betrachtung der Gesamtverfügbarkeit einer PROFINET-Anlage eine genaue Bestimmung der jeweiligen Verfügbarkeitswerte für die einzelnen PROFINET-Geräte. Ein besonderes Augenmerk richtet sich hierbei speziell auf die Verwendung von IO Devices mit redundanten bzw. nicht-redundanten Interfacemodulen. Für das Erzielen einer hohen Verfügbarkeit sind nicht nur PROFINET-Geräte von entscheidender Bedeutung, sondern auch die Stuktur des PROFINET-Netzwerks. Im Zusammenspiel mit den bereits existierenden Redundanzprotokollen, die für die Verwaltung des Datenverkehrs zuständig sind, werden in diesem Bericht mehrere Topologien anhand verschiedener Eigenschaften und Voraussetzungen auf ihre Vor- und Nachteile untersucht und entsprechend ihrer Gesamtverfügbarkeitswerte bewertet. Dieses Research Paper basiert im Wesentlichen auf der Bachelorarbeit von Herrn Sebastian Stelljes an der Hochschule Hannover. Im Nachgang zur Arbeit wurden noch weitere Aspekte untersucht und mit den Inhalten der Bachelorarbeit zu diesem Research Paper zusammengeführt.
Analyzing Canada’s ecological footprint embodied in international trade : a unidirectional multi‐regional input‐output approach
Creators: name: Kuki, Yu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The ‘Ecological Footprint’ (EF) of a specified population is a comprehensive sustainability index that estimates the ‘bio‐capacity‘ (hectares of global average productivity) required to produce the resources consumed by that population and assimilate its carbon emissions. The greater the population’s material consumption and waste production, the larger its eco‐footprint (EF). The standardized method for Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is maintained and regularly updated by the Global Footprint Network (GFN), a non‐profit organization in California. In recent years, various EF analysts have experimented with wedding Input‐Output (I‐O) analysis to the standard method. I‐O based models are potentially superior for estimating the trade portion of the footprint because: (1) they account for country‐specific technological efficiencies when estimating the trade component of eco-footprints (rather than world‐average techno‐efficiency); (2) they account for the service‐related consumption which is absent from the existing method; and (3) they provide more detail on the origins of the imports. This thesis contributes to I-O based ecological footprint estimates. I develop a unidirectional trade‐inclusive multi‐regional input-output (MRIO) model for Canada using 2005 data. The results show that Canada relies for about 25% of its consumption-related resource needs on bio-capacity imported from other countries, compared to 44% using the GFN approach. Over 60% of Canada’s import‐embodied footprint comes from the U.S. and China. Food‐related sectors including agriculture were the largest contributors to Canada’s footprint overseas. Overall, my MRIO model yields a larger EF for Canada (9.77 gha) than the GFN standard method (7.33 gha). This difference is explained by the fact that the GFN standard method overestimates the footprint of exports for Canada (which presumably has production efficiencies that are higher than world-average) and hence leading to an underestimate of the footprint of consumption. Therefore, I conclude that while the MRIO approach is possibly more accurate, the important finding is that the two methods mutually reaffirms the fact that Canadians on average use four to five times more bio-capacity compared to their “fair share”. I discuss several policy implications of my analysis from an environmental, economic and social perspective using an interregional analytic framework.
Report on the non-energy impacts of energy efficiency in the industry sector
Creators: name: Kermeli, Katerina
name: Crijns-Graus, Wina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Energy efficiency (EE) plays a key role in the ongoing efforts for a clean energy transition in the industry sector and for meeting the global climate and sustainability goals. So far, analyses of energy efficiency measures and technologies focus mostly on the direct energy saving and the greenhouse gas (GHG) saving potentials. However, many of these energy efficiency measures except for reducing final energy use they can also provide other benefits, non-energy benefits (NEBs), which can play a definitive role for the uptake of energy efficiency in industries. For the industrial sector, the quantification and monetisation of non-energy benefits and their inclusion in cost-benefit analyses can lead to significant increase in profitability and reduced payback periods (IEA, 2014). In addition, according to survey responses, when stakeholders make investment decisions, the NEBs of energy efficiency and not the direct energy savings may, in certain cases, be the most important decision parameters (Reinaud et al., 2012). In a cost analysis made for the iron and steel industry, the inclusion of enhanced productivity was shown to significantly affect the profitability of the investments, doubling the overall cost-effective savings potential and cutting by half the payback period (from about 4 years to less than 2) for the measures that increase productivity (Worrell et al., 2004). Thus, incorporating NEBs of energy efficiency measures in the cost assessments can strengthen the incentives for their adoption. In this analysis, we aim to translate the energy efficiency potentials identified in Deliverable 3.6 (Kermeli and Crijns-Graus, 2020) to the NEB potentials for the EU 28 industry. Because the individual NEBS, are industry and measure specific and hard to quantify, we limited this analysis into creating a list with the most important NEBs per industry specific measure for two industrial sectors, the iron and steel and the cement industries. Instead of the term NEBs we use the term “non-energy impacts”. This is to demonstrate and to capture, where possible, that some measures might also have some drawbacks (e.g. increase of a certain pollutant or increased maintenance costs).
Readiness to use e-health in Africa: design, validation, and application of a country e-health readiness assessment tool
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Md. Faruq Uddin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 132-139
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The fundamental right of every human being to attain a level of health that would allow them to lead socially and economically productive lives is seriously affected by the absence of equitable access to health care. The quest for an e-solution to the issue is gaining in importance, especilly after WHO's recent call to its Member Countries to adopt e-Health into their health care systems. A need has been identified for a practical tool that could be applied at the 'national' or, 'country level' in order to assess the degree of e-Health readiness for adoption of e-Health, but there is no such tool. The current study develops, validates and applies an evidence-based and practical 'Country e-Health Readiness Assessment Tool' (CeRAT). Focus is given to African countries as these are facing complex economical and medical realities. The snidy also formulates recommendations based on CeRA T's assessment of these African countries.
The Argentinian Debt: History, Default, and Restructuring
Creators: name: Damill, Mario
name: Frenkel, Roberto
name: Rapetti, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: We believe that the study of the Argentinean foreign debt needs no justification. For almost three decades, Argentina's foreign debt was continuously one of the main concerns of economic policy. Yet, both the record amount of the defaulted debt and the novel characteristics of its restructuring may be sufficient reasons to include an analysis of Argentina in a selection of studies about sovereign debt. Therefore, the processes that led to the default of the debt and its subsequent restructuring constitute one of the main focuses of this work. However, the Argentinean case also presents other aspects that demand attention, our analysis takes these into account as well. The Argentinean experience is often used as an example of general arguments that take the country as a notable particular case. The rhetoric power of the example precisely comes from its supposedly well-known characteristics, yet sometimes these characteristics appear exempt of solid proofs. Many are second hand references and in some cases not even that but the mere mentioning of a "consensual image". Thus we are motivated to take a close look at what happened in Argentina. This work is in part a polemic against some of those references that we consider fallacious. Each reference involves certain facts that we examine and try to explain. Our criticism also reaches the general plausibility of the argument that falsely takes the Argentinean case as an example. We think that the plausibility of an argument is strongly questioned when the argument is proved false in the case serving as its notable example.
Additional file 4 of Risk factors for the critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Cheng, Sijing
name: Wu, Dingfeng
name: Li, Jie
name: Zou, Yifeng
name: Wan, Yunle
name: Shen, Lihan
name: Zhu, Lixin
name: Shi, Mang
name: Hou, Linlin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Jiao, Na
name: Li, Yichen
name: Huang, Yibo
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Xu, Mingwei
name: Jiang, Shusong
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yan, Guangjun
name: Lan, Ping
name: Zhu, Ruixin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table S4. Laboratory findings of critically ill patients on admission, different hospitals.
The complexity of wholesale distribution channels in Japan
Creators: name: Flath, David
name: Nariu, Tatsuhiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: A measure of number of steps in the wholesale distribution chain is proposed and calculated for Japan, the U.S., and Germany and for different kinds of business within Japan and within the U.S. Economic factors that influence the number of wholesale steps in the distribution channel are examined in relation to these data.
Disc formation in turbulent massive cores: Circumventing the magnetic braking catastrophe
Creators: name: Seifried, D.
name: Banerjee, R.
name: Pudritz, R. E.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present collapse simulations of 100 M_{\sun}, turbulent cloud cores threaded by a strong magnetic field. During the initial collapse phase filaments are generated which fragment quickly and form several protostars. Around these protostars Keplerian discs with typical sizes of up to 100 AU build up in contrast to previous simulations neglecting turbulence. We examine three mechanisms potentially responsible for lowering the magnetic braking efficiency and therefore allowing for the formation of Keplerian discs. Analysing the condensations in which the discs form, we show that the build-up of Keplerian discs is neither caused by magnetic flux loss due to turbulent reconnection nor by the misalignment of the magnetic field and the angular momentum. It is rather a consequence of the turbulent surroundings of the disc which exhibit no coherent rotation structure while strong local shear flows carry large amounts of angular momentum. We suggest that the "magnetic braking catastrophe", i.e. the formation of sub-Keplerian discs only, is an artefact of the idealised non-turbulent initial conditions and that turbulence provides a natural mechanism to circumvent this problem.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS Letters, updated to final version
Validity of nonequilibrium work relations for the rapidly expanding quantum piston
Creators: name: Quan, H. T.
name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work by Teifel and Mahler [Eur. Phys. J. B 75, 275 (2010)] raises legitimate concerns regarding the validity of quantum nonequilibrium work relations in processes involving moving hard walls. We study this issue in the context of the rapidly expanding one-dimensional quantum piston. Utilizing exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, we find that the evolution of the wave function can be decomposed into static and dynamic components, which have simple semiclassical interpretations in terms of particle-piston collisions. We show that nonequilibrium work relations remains valid at any finite piston speed, provided both components are included, and we study explicitly the work distribution for this model system.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Coarsening scenarios in unstable crystal growth
Creators: name: Biagi, Sofia
name: Misbah, Chaouqi
name: Politi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystal surfaces may undergo thermodynamical as well kinetic, out-of-equilibrium instabilities. We consider the case of mound and pyramid formation, a common phenomenon in crystal growth and a long-standing problem in the field of pattern formation and coarsening dynamics. We are finally able to attack the problem analytically and get rigorous results. Three dynamical scenarios are possible: perpetual coarsening, interrupted coarsening, and no coarsening. In the perpetual coarsening scenario, mound size increases in time as L=t^n, where the coasening exponent is n=1/3 when faceting occurs, otherwise n=1/4.
description: Changes in the final part. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Einsatzgebiet und Wirksamkeit von Firewalls in Automatisierungssystemen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Next Generation Firewalls
Creators: name: Kühnlein, Marco
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: Zur Verbesserung der IT-Sicherheit im klassischen Büroumfeld wird bereits eine neue Firewall-Technologie, die sogenannte Next Generation Firewall verwendet. Um diese Technologie im Produktionsbereich einzusetzen, muss sie vorher getestet werden, da sich die Priorisierung der Schutzziele im Produktionsbereich und im Büroumfeld unterscheidet. In dieser Arbeit werden das Einsatzgebiet und die Wirkungsweise von Firewalls in industriellen Automatisierungssystemen im Allgemeinen und spezifisch für Next Generation Firewalls untersucht. Die Untersuchung geht auf die Aufgaben der einzelnen Firewalls in einem Produktionsunternehmen ein und prüft, welche Firewall durch eine Next Generation Firewall ergänzt werden kann. Dazu werden die konventionellen Firewall-Technologien mit der neuen Firewall-Technologie verglichen und bewertet. Der Nutzen der Next Generation Firewall in der Produktionsumgebung wird am Beispiel eines ausgewählten Angriffsszenarios erklärt. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für dessen Einsatz in industriellen Automatisierungssystemen gegeben.
description: The Next Generation Firewall is a new firewall technology which is already being used in the tradi-tional office environment to secure business systems. To use this technology in the production en-vironment it must be tested because there is a difference in the security objects between these two environments. This thesis examines the general use firewalls in industrial automation and control systems (IACS) and explores the use of the Next Generation Firewalls. The investigation deals with the tasks of individual firewalls in a production company and examines which firewall can profit from a Next Generation Firewall. For this purpose, the conventional firewall technologies are com-pared and evaluated with the new firewall technology. In addition, a cyberattack is executed on an IACS to demonstrate the benefits of the Next Generation Firewall in the production environment. Finally, this thesis gives recommendations for the use of Next Generations Firewalls in IACS.
Electron correlation and nuclear charge dependence of parity-violating properties in open-shell diatomic molecules
Creators: name: Isaev, T. A.
name: Berger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling of nuclear spin-dependent parity violating effects with increasing nuclear charge $Z$ is discussed in two series of isovalent open-shell diatomic molecules. The parameter $W_\mathrm{a}$ characterising the strength of parity violation in diatomic molecules is calculated in the framework of the zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) and found to be in good agreement with the $R(Z) Z^k$ scaling law derived for atoms in which $R(Z)$ represents a relativistic enhancement factor. The influence of electron correlation is studied on the molecular level, with spin-polarisation effects being conveniently accounted for by a previously established approximate relation between the hyperfine coupling tensor and $W_\mathrm{a}$. For high accuracy predictions of parity violating effects in radium fluoride the necessity for systematically improvable correlation calculations is emphasised.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables; Results for copernicium hydride (CnH) added and included in figure 2, additional reference included, details concerning basis sets added and corrected, minor changes in text, tables and figures, typos corrected
The Japanese economy: Sustained recovery and growth not yet assured
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper reviews Japan's recent economic performance through the summer of 2004. It notes the strong cyclical recovery and its slowdown. I note several problems about the economic data, particularly about the GDP deflation's bias which results in an overestimate of real GDP growth by about 1 percent point. I consider inadequate aggregate demand; persisting deflation and monetary policy; unemployment and underemployment, adversely affecting the young particularly; ongoing financial system reform; government economic policy; longer run growth and economic transformation; and changes in corporate governance. The key issue is whether the generally positive economic ending has finally put Japan onto the path of self-sustained growth. I am cautiously skeptical; it depends whether growth in 2005 is close to 3 percent or to 1 percent.
Existence of product vectors and their partial conjugates in a pair of spaces
Creators: name: Kiem, Young-Hoon
name: Kye, Seung-Hyeok
name: Lee, Jungseob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81P15, 15A30, 46L05

description: Let $D$ and $E$ be subspaces of the tensor product of the $m$ and $n$ dimensional complex spaces, with codimensions $k$ and \ell$, respectively. We show that if $k+\ellm+n-2$ then there may not exist such a product vector. If $k+\ell=m+n-2$ then both cases may occur depending on $k$ and $\ell$.
description: 15 pages, to correct a technical problem in V2
title: Simulation der Wirkung des Kabelschirms von PROFINET-Leitungen unter Berücksichtigung der Art der Schirmauflage
Creators: name: Otten, Jens Christian
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, ein einfach verständliches Simulationsmodell zur Darstellung der Wirkung von Kabelschirmen bei Betrachtung verschiedener Schirmauflageverfahren zu entwickeln. Die erarbeiteten Ergebnisse decken sich mit der allgemein vertretenen Meinung, dass die beste Schirmwirkung durch eine beidseitige und flächige Schirmauflage erzielt wird. Zuerst werden Grundlagen erklärt, wobei sich auf relevante Literatur bezogen wird. Daraus wird das Simulationsmodell hergeleitet, dessen Ergebnisse anhand von theoretischen Überlegungen und praktischen Messungen überprüft werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist interessant für Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieure der Automatisierungstechnik in der Prozess- und Fertigungsindustrie, die ein grundlegendes Verständnis für relevante Effekte der Kabelschirmung bilden wollen.
description: It is the goal of this bachelor thesis to provide an easily understandable simulation model for wire shields with consideration to their grounding practice. The results indicate that it is best to ground the shield on both sides. The basics with regards to relevant literature are explained in the first part. From that knowledge the simulation model is developed. Its results are validated with theoretical methods and practical measurements. The scope of this thesis affects Engineers working in the automation industry, who want to build a basic understanding for relevant effects of cable shielding.
The effect of the 1987 Stock Crash on international financial integration
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Masulis, Ronald W.
name: Ng, Victor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper examines daily open-to-close returns from three major stock markets over the past five years including the October 1987 Stock Market Crash. We find some evidence that volatility spillover effects emanating from Japan have been gathering strength over time, especially after the 1987 Crash. This may be attributed to a growing awareness of domestic investors about the economic interdependence of international financial markets.
The controversy over Japan's low manufactured imports
Creators: name: Lincoln, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Relative to other industrial countries, Japan continues to have very low levels of manufactured imports, a distinctive feature that has not been affected substantially by the high value of the yen since 1985. This aspect of Japan has been widely known by economists, but there is still substantial disagreement over the causes of the low level of imports. Can it be ascribed to implicitly protectionist behavior, or can it be explained by standard economic variables? As with most social science questions, the answer is probably a combination of many factors, none of which provides a complete explanation by themselves. This paper reviews the evidence on Japan for both the low level of imports and the low level of intra-industry trade, another pattern of trade which is very substantial for virtually all industrial nations except Japan. A variety of explanations have been offered by economists, political scientists, and business scholars, and these explanations are explored here. A final topic which cannot be ignored is the impact of the rising yen since 1985 and how it is changing Japanese behavior.
A Chandra X-ray Observation of the Binary Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1023+0038
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Slavko
name: Archibald, Anne M.
name: Hessels, Jason W. T.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Lorimer, Duncan
name: McLaughlin, Maura A.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Chandra X-ray Observatory ACIS-S variability, spectroscopy, and imaging study of the peculiar binary containing the millisecond pulsar J1023+0038. The X-ray emission from the system exhibits highly significant (12.5 sigma) large-amplitude (factor of 2-3) orbital variability over the five consecutive orbits covered by the observation, with a pronounced decline in the flux at all energies at superior conjunction. This can be naturally explained by a partial geometric occultation by the secondary star of an X-ray--emitting intrabinary shock, produced by the interaction of outflows from the two stars. The depth and duration of the eclipse imply that the intrabinary shock is localized near or at the surface of the companion star and close to the inner Lagrangian point. The energetics of the shock favor a magnetically dominated pulsar wind that is focused into the orbital plane, requiring close alignment of the pulsar spin and orbital angular momentum axes. The X-ray spectrum consists of a dominant non-thermal component and at least one thermal component, likely originating from the heated pulsar polar caps, although a portion of this emission may be from an optically-thin "corona". We find no evidence for extended emission due to a pulsar wind nebula or bow shock down to a limiting luminosity of L_X<3.6x10^29 ergs s^-1 (0.3-8 keV), <7x10^-6 of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, for a distance of 1.3 kpc and an assumed power-law spectrum with photon index Gamma=1.5.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Challenging the weak cosmic censorship conjecture with charged quantum particles
Creators: name: Richartz, Maurício
name: Saa, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent attempts to violate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for near-extreme black-holes, we consider the possibility of overcharging a near-extreme Reissner-Nordström black hole by the quantum tunneling of charged particles. We consider the scattering of spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles by the black hole in a unified framework and obtain analytically, for the first time, the pertinent reflection and transmission coefficients without any small charge approximation. Based on these results, we propose some gedanken experiments that could lead to the violation of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture due to the (classically forbidden) absorption of small energy charged particles by the black hole. As for the case of scattering in Kerr spacetimes, our results demonstrate explicitly that scalar fields are subject to (electrical) superradiance phenomenon, while spin-1/2 fields are not. Superradiance impose some limitations on the gedanken experiments involving spin-0 fields, favoring, in this way, the mechanisms for creation of a naked singularity by the quantum tunneling of spin-1/2 charged fermions. We also discuss the implications that vacuum polarization effects and quantum statistics might have on these gedanken experiments. In particular, we show that they are not enough to prevent the absorption of incident small energy particles and, consequently, the formation of a naked singularity.
description: 9 pages; Final version to appear in PRD
Japan's role in Asia-Pacific cooperation: Dimensions, prospects, and problems
Creators: name: Lincoln, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Economics
International economic relations
Commerce

description: Japan's relationship with the world and especially with the Asia-Pacific region is changing rapidly. These shifts hold both promise for closer and more productive interactions as well as concerns over the possible exclusive nature of the evolving relationships. The cause of the changes come from the macroeconomic developments considered in Dick Nanto's paper--developments that have produced large net capital outflows and a strong appreciation of the yen. The purpose of this paper is to explore Japan's position in the development of trade and investment ties in the Asia-Pacific region, review the changes now taking place in Japan's relationship toward these countries, and provide some speculation on future developments.
The transfer of human resource management systems overseas: An exploratory study of Japanese and American maquiladoras
Creators: name: Beechler, Schon
name: Taylor, Sully
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The field of international management has, until recently, largely ignored how human resources management (HRM) systems in overseas subsidiaries are designed and how design impacts performance. In addition, there is virtually no research comparing the HRM systems in Japanese and Western affiliates. In an attempt to begin to address this important issue, this chapter presents the results of a study of Japanese and American maquiladoras (in-bond assembly plants) in Mexico. This chapter examines the relative influence of parent company strategy, strategic role of the affiliate, parent company administrative heritage, and host country environment on the HRM systems in eight maquiladoras, four Japanese and four American, located in Tijuana, Mexico. Using a contingency framework, this chapter also describes the fits between each maquiladora's HRM system and its internal and external environments. Finally, it identifies the resulting impact of these fits on performance, both at the individual employee and affiliate levels.