Neomaenas monachus subsp. limonias Philippi 1859
Creators: name: Matz, Jess
name: Brower, Andrew V. Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Neomaenas
Neomaenas monachus
Neomaenas monachus limonias (philippi, 1859) (satyrus)

description: Neomaenas monachus limonias (Philippi, 1859) (Satyrus) n. comb.
Type: ?? (Rodulfo Philippi was Director of the Museo Nacional de Chile when the taxon was described, but the type may have been lost)
Type location: Valdivia, Los Ríos Province, Chile
= Satyrus janirioides Blanchard, 1852 preocc. (not Satyrus janiroides Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, a species now placed in Pyronia —See Lamas, 2010)
Holotype: (female) MNHN, Paris, genitalia prep. No. 4146 (photo examined)
Type location: Chile
= Epinephele dryas C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867
Holotype: (male) BMNH #809782 (specimen examined)
Type location: Chile
= Epinephele blanchardii W.F. Kirby, 1871, repl. name
= Epinephele janirioides var. quinquepunctata Silva, 1916
Lectotype: MNHN, Santiago de Chile, Type No. 4043 (photo examined)
Type location: Lautaro, Araucanía Province, Chile
= Epinephele limonias var. quinquepunctata Silva, 1916
Other combinations:
Elina janirioides — Heimlich (1972)
Neomaenas limonias —D’Abrera (1988, p. 793).
Neomaenas janiroides (sic)– D’Abrera (1988, p. 794); Peña & Ugarte (1997, p. 294)
Quilaphoetosus janirioides —Herrera (1966); Lamas & Viloria (2004, p. 217)
Distribution. Ovelapping in range with N. monachus monachus, but found in small, isolated populations where N. monachus limonias has been collected exclusive of the nominate subspecies (Fig. 26).
Diagnosis. Identical to N. monachus monachus, but generally lighter in color and more often with larger and bipupillate ocelli between M1-M3 on the ventral side of the forewing. Postmedian band on the ventral side of the hindwing is lavender from the costa to M2 and daffodil yellow from M2 to the inner margin. Small round yellow or white hindwing ocelli are present in each cell from Rs to 1A+2A, but may be obscured or absent.
Redescription. Head: Male palps with a longitudinal daffodil yellow stripe at the median, the dorsal side chocolate brown, and the ventral side with a longitudinal chocolate brown stripe just below the yellow stripe at the median and with white, medium brown, and dark chocolate brown piliform scales. Female palps with a longitudinal white stripe at the median, white and chocolate brown dorsally, and ventrally with a longitudinal chocolate stripe just below the median white stripe and white and black piliform scales.
Thorax bears iridescent black scales with black and tawny pilifom scales in the males and white and iridescent black scales with white piliform scales in the females. Abdomens are taupe to tawny ventrally and chocolate dorsally.
Forewing (Fig. 7 D): Dorsal side chocolate to dark chocolate, a rust red to rust orange patch extending from the base to the subtermen, interrupted in the males by heavy androconial patches in chevron to rectangular patches between M3 and the inner margin. An ocelli sometimes appears as a small, round, black spot between M1-M2 and another similar ocellus occasionally appears between M2-M3. Ventral side taupe to chocolate with a ripple pattern in chocolate to dark chocolate striations extending along the costa and over the radials. A rust orange patch extends from the discal cell to the postmedian band, which is a lighter shade of orange and may be lightly bordered in chocolate. Apical ocellus extends from M1-M3 and is round, black, bipupillate, and ringed in daffodil yellow.
Hindwing (Fig. 7 D): Dorsal side similar in color to the forewing with the postmedian band appearing between M2 and CuA 2 in rust red to rust orange rectangular patches. Ventral side taupe to chocolate with a ripple pattern in chocolate to dark chocolate striations over the entire wing. Postmedian band is widest from the costa to M2 and lavender, narrowing abruptly at M2 and daffodil yellow from M2 to the inner margin, the median border either smoothly sinuous or barely scalloped. Ocelli are present in each cell from Rs to 1A+2A and are small, round, and white or daffodil yellow. Some of these may be obscured by the ripple pattern or absent.
Remarks. Weymer (1911) and Gaede (1931) noted and Lamas (2010) agreed that Blanchard’s janirioides was preoccupied by a species from Algiers and assigned to it the replacement name of limonias, noting that it is identical with Philippi’s description, which has priority over Kirby’s replacement name blanchardii. Elwes (1903) found it “on dry hill-sides covered with bushes,” and remarks that it is commonly found in Valparaiso in November and December.
Specimens examined. Chile, Santiago Metropolitan Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 93362, (MTSU) CH 43-1; Chile, Maule Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 94365, 0 0 0 0 95046, 0 0 0 0 95051, 0 0 0 0 94365, (MTSU) CH 26-3; Chile, Bío-Bío Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 95048, (MTSU) CH 32-3, CH 32-4; Chile, unknown province, (BMNH) male Holotype 809782
description: Published as part of Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4125 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271704