cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Approach to a non-equilibrium steady state
Creators: name: Piasecki, Jaroslaw
name: Soto, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a non-interacting one-dimensional gas accelerated by a constant and uniform external field. The energy absorbed from the field is transferred via elastic collisions to a bath of scattering obstacles. At gas-obstacle encounters the particles of the gas acquire a fixed kinetic energy. The approach to the resulting stationary state is studied within the Boltzmann kinetic theory. It is shown that the long time behavior is governed by the hydrodynamic mode of diffusion superposed on a convective flow. The diffusion coefficient is analytically calculated for any value of the field showing a minimum at intermediate field intensities. It is checked that the properly generalized Green-Kubo formula applies in the non-equilibrium stationary state.
description: 2 figures, accepted in Physica A
The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations
Creators: name: Weidner, Carsten
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the mass of the most massive star in a cluster correlates non-trivially with the cluster mass. A simple algorithm according to which a cluster is filled up with stars that are chosen randomly from the standard IMF but sorted with increasing mass yields an excellent description of the observational data. Algorithms based on random sampling from the IMF without sorted adding are ruled out with a confidence larger than 0.9999. A physical explanation of this would be that a cluster forms by more-massive stars being consecutively added until the resulting feedback energy suffices to revert cloud contraction and stops further star formation. This has important implications for composite populations. For example, 10^4 clusters of mass 10^2 Msol will not produce the same IMF as one cluster with a mass of 10^6 Msol. It also supports the notion that the integrated galaxial IMF (IGIMF) should be steeper than the stellar IMF and that it should vary with the star-formation rate of a galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Contemporary Agricultural Economics in Australia
Creators: name: Williams, Donald Birtall
name: Williams, Donald Birtall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1957
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This review of the present state of agricultural economics concentrates on some aspects which appear to be of particular importance or interest. In no sense is it an attempt to discuss the whole field of agricultural economics, nor to review the scope of work in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. I have concentrated on aspects which seem to me to have given agricultural economics in Australia a separate identity within the broader fields covered by general economic. In the final section of this paper, rather than on the selected aspects discussed in more detail in the main part of it. The scope of agricultural economics, as I see it, is set out.
The Distribution of Satellite Galaxies in a Lambda-CDM Universe
Creators: name: Agustsson, Ingolfur
name: Brainerd, Tereasa G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the locations of satellite galaxies with respect to their hosts using the Lambda-CDM GIF simulation. If the major axes of the hosts' images are perfectly aligned with the major axes of their projected mass, the satellites are located preferentially close to the hosts' major axes. In this case, the degree of anisotropy in the satellite locations is a good tracer of the flattening of the hosts' halos. If all hosts have luminous circular disks, the symmetry axes of the projected mass and light are not perfectly aligned, and the locations of the satellites depend upon how the hosts' disks are placed within their halos. If the disk angular momentum vectors are aligned with the major axes of the halos, the satellites show a pronounced "Holmberg effect". If the disk angular momentum vectors are aligned with the intermediate axes of the local large scale structure, the distribution of satellite locations is essentially isotropic. If the disk angular momentum vectors are aligned with either the minor axes or with the net angular momentum vectors of the halos, the satellites are distributed anisotropically about their hosts, with a preference for being found nearby the hosts' major axes. This agrees well with the observation that satellite galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey tend to be found nearby the major axes of their hosts, and suggests that the mass and light of SDSS host galaxies must be fairly well aligned in projection on the sky.
description: ApJ, in press; substantial revision of text but main results are unchanged; revised paper includes the locations of satellites when the host angular momentum vector is aligned with either the halo major axis or the halo net angular momentum
Additional file 2 of The roles of predictors in cardiovascular risk models - a question of modeling culture?
Creators: name: Wallisch, Christine
name: Agibetov, Asan
name: Dunkler, Daniela
name: Haller, Maria
name: Samwald, Matthias
name: Dorffner, Georg
name: Heinze, Georg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2. Extended methods and results.
EDisCS -- the ESO Distant Cluster Survey -- Sample Definition and Optical Photometry
Creators: name: White, S. D. M.
name: Clowe, D. I.
name: Simard, L.
name: Rudnick, G.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
name: Bender, R.
name: Best, P.
name: Bremer, M.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Dalcanton, J.
name: Dantel, M.
name: Desai, V.
name: Fort, B.
name: Halliday, C.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Kauffmann, G.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Pello', R.
name: Poggianti, B.
name: Poirier, S.
name: Rottgering, H.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Zaritsky, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS) a survey of 20 fields containing distant galaxy clusters with redshifts ranging from 0.4 to almost 1.0. Candidate clusters were chosen from among the brightest objects identified in the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey, half with estimated redshift z_est~0.5 and half with z_est~0.8. They were confirmed by identifying red sequences in moderately deep two colour data from VLT/FORS2. For confirmed candidates we have assembled deep three-band optical photometry using VLT/FORS2, deep near-infrared photometry in one or two bands using NTT/SOFI, deep optical spectroscopy using VLT/FORS2, wide field imaging in two or three bands using the ESO Wide Field Imager, and HST/ACS mosaic images for 10 of the most distant clusters. This first paper presents our sample and the VLT photometry we have obtained. We present images, colour-magnitude diagrams and richness estimates for our clusters, as well as giving redshifts and positions for the brightest cluster members. Subsequent papers will present our infrared photometry, spectroscopy, HST and wide-field imaging, as well as a wealth of further analysis and science results. Our reduced data become publicly available as these papers are accepted.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, A&A in press. A version with full resolution figures is available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/ediscs/papers.html
Orbital magnetoelectric effect in zigzag nanoribbons of p-band systems
Creators: name: Cysne, Tarik P.
name: Guimarães, Filipe S. M.
name: Canonico, Luis M.
name: Rappoport, Tatiana G.
name: Muniz, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Profiles of the spin and orbital angular momentum accumulations induced by a longitudinally applied electric field are explored in nanoribbons of $p$-band systems with a honeycomb lattice. We show that nanoribbons with zigzag borders can exhibit orbital magnetoelectric effects. More specifically, we have found that purely orbital magnetization oriented perpendicularly to the ribbon may be induced in these systems by means of the external electric field, when sublattice symmetry is broken. The effect is rather general and may occur in other multi-orbital materials.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Evolution of the Exoplanet Size Distribution: Forming Large Super-Earths Over Billions of Years
Creators: name: David, Trevor J.
name: Contardo, Gabriella
name: Sandoval, Angeli
name: Angus, Ruth
name: Yuxi
name: Lu
name: Bedell, Megan
name: Curtis, Jason L.
name: Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Grunblatt, Samuel K.
name: Petigura, Erik A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radius valley, a bifurcation in the size distribution of small, close-in exoplanets, is hypothesized to be a signature of planetary atmospheric loss. Such an evolutionary phenomenon should depend on the age of the star-planet system. In this work, we study the temporal evolution of the radius valley using two independent determinations of host star ages among the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) sample. We find evidence for a wide and nearly empty void of planets in the period-radius diagram at the youngest system ages ($\lesssim$2-3 Gyr) represented in the CKS sample. We show that the orbital period dependence of the radius valley among the younger CKS planets is consistent with that found among those planets with asteroseismically determined host star radii. Relative to previous studies of preferentially older planets, the radius valley determined among the younger planetary sample is shifted to smaller radii. This result is compatible with an atmospheric loss timescale on the order of gigayears for progenitors of the largest observed super-Earths. In support of this interpretation, we show that the planet sizes which appear to be unrepresented at ages $\lesssim$2-3 Gyr are likely to correspond to planets with rocky compositions. Our results suggest the size distribution of close-in exoplanets, and the precise location of the radius valley, evolves over gigayears.
description: Accepted to The Astronomical Journal. 46 pages, 27 figures
Potential Impacts of Bt Eggplant on Economic Surplus and Farmers' Health in India
Creators: name: Krishna, Vijesh V.
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Krishna, Vijesh V.
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Bt eggplant
subject: Economic surplus
subject: Health costs
subject: Pesticides
subject: Public-private partnership

description: In this article, the potential impacts of Bt eggplant technology in Indian agriculture are analyzed. Several proprietary Bt hybrids are likely to be commercialized in the near future. Based on field trial data, it is shown that the technology can significantly reduce insecticide applications and increase effective yields. Comprehensive farm survey data are used to project farm level effects and future adoption rates. Simulations show that the aggregate economic surplus gains of Bt hybrids could be around US $108 million per year. Consumers will capture a large share of these gains, but farmers and the innovating company will benefit too. As the company has also shared its technology with the public sector, Bt open-pollinated varieties might become available with a certain time lag. This would make the technology more accessible, especially for resource-poor farmers, entailing further improvements in welfare and distribution effects. The wider implications of the private-public technology transfer are discussed. Furthermore, the potential benefits for farmers' health resulting from reduced insecticide applications are examined, using an econometric model and a cost of illness approach. These benefits are worth an additional $3-4 million per year. Yet they only constitute a small fraction of the technology's environmental and health externalities. More research is needed for comprehensive impact analysis.
Towards nationwide mapping of bamboo resources in the Philippines: testing the pixel-based and fractional cover approaches
Creators: name: Dida, Jan Joseph V.
name: Arnan B. Araza
name: Eduarte, Gerald T.
name: Umali, Arthur Glenn A.
name: Malabrigo, L.
name: Razal, Ramon A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: In tropical and subtropical countries, the awareness on the importance of bamboos to the environment and economy is increasing and so is the demand for spatial bamboo information. However, mapping bamboos especially those naturally grown has been challenging, as these grasses are often mixed with other land-use and land-cover (LULC). In this study, we used Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 remote sensing (RS) images, and their vegetation indices to accurately map the bamboos of Iloilo province in the Philippines using: (1) pixel-based method that mapped bamboos and other LULC at 10 m resolution, and (2) fractional cover method that mapped bamboo cover at 100 m resolution (% ha−1). A random forest model was trained for each method and then validated per hectare basis using a 50:50 training-validation ratio of a stratified random sample. The fractional cover method showed 0.34 higher Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and 5.10% lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) than the pixel-based method. Further validation within upland and lowland sites also favoured the fractional cover method, but the results of the two methods were closer in the upland site (bamboo plantation). Errors at 10 m resolution especially in the lowlands were mostly commission errors, likely because of the spectral similarity and proximity between bamboos and > 14 vegetations. Averaging the RS inputs into 100 m resulted in at most 12% separation of reflectance values among bamboos, forests, and other vegetations. Using the bamboo cover map, a total of 14,795 (± 1,283) ha bamboos and 7.45 (± 4.20) million harvestable culms (poles) were estimated for the whole province, where 54% come from the lowland. We suggest using the fractional cover method for nationwide baselining of bamboo resources.
Hedging Downside Risk to Farm Income with Futures and Options: Effects of Government Payment Programs and Federal Crop Insurance Plans
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui (Carolyn)
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Zhang, Rui (Carolyn)
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: The high proportion of government payments in total crop farm income and the purchase of subsidized crop insurance have changed the income distribution of U.S. crop farmers. As a result, the risk management behaviors of U.S. crop farmers are affected by these programs in terms of the use of private market risk management tools, such as futures and options. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the government payments and federal crop insurance policies on the usage of futures and options by crop farmers from a downside risk management perspective. Results in this study suggest that both yield insurance and revenue insurance creates more hedging demands for futures. But revenue insurance decreases the buying of put options at the same time. Loan deficiency government payments substitutes largely for the hedging role of put options while Counter Cyclical payments substitutes futures hedge. This research contributes the literature by proposing to use a downside risk hedge model, the second-order lower partial moment (LPM2) hedge model, to investigate the interaction of government and private risk management tools used by crop farmers. This study also initiatively applies the conditional kernel density method and the copula approach in the data simulation process. The conditional kernel density method generates county yield and farm yield with the same conditional pattern as revealed in the historical yields. The copula simulation allows the crop yield and prices have more flexible joint distributions other than bivariate normal.
The Impact of Weather Extremes on Agricultural Production Methods: Does Drought Increase Adoption of Conservation Tillage Practices?
Creators: name: Ding, Ya
name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Ding, Ya
name: Schoengold, Karina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The adoption of conservation tillage practices such as ridge till, mulch till, or no-till has been shown to reduce soil erosion. An additional benefit of these conservation practices is that they also increase soil moisture. Therefore, these practices appear to be a method that agricultural producers can use to reduce their risk associated with abnormally dry or wet conditions (i.e., drought or flood). Given the large amount of money spent by the USDA on crop insurance indemnity and ad-hoc disaster relief payments, practices that reduce the risk of drought to the farmer should be strongly encouraged. Using SUR estimation with random effects, the paper uses panel data to measure the impact of extreme weather events on the adoption of conservation tillage. Panel data allows the identification of differences in adoption rates as a function of the severity of the drought or flood event. The adoption of no-till, alternative conservation tillage, and reduced till are estimated relative to conventional tillage. Both extremely dry and extremely wet conditions are found to increase the adoption of conservation tillage; while extremely wet conditions increase the adoption of both no-till and other conservation tillage practices.
Snow Layer Detection by Pattern Matching in a Multipath Radar Interference Scenario
Creators: name: Kulsoom, Farzana
name: Dell’Acqua, Fabio
name: Pasian, Marco
name: Espín-López, Pedro Fidel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Snowpack in sloped mountain terrain may present stratification in which layers of snow accumulate over a certain period. The loosely adhering layers in snowpack may exhibit a severe avalanche risk, and detecting such stratification phenomena is key to avalanche detection. The danger of manual, in-situ sampling calls for investigation of alternative approaches, including the use of in-situ radars. Considering a buried radar sensor, this manuscript analyses the impact of multipath phenomena on the results of the sensing operation. Multiple bounces in snow layers may degrade the received signal and corrupt the estimation results. Multipath phenomena are well known and analysed in communication systems, but snow layering measurement is a different problem, with little previous research done on related multipath phenomena. This paper analyses the problem with a multi-receiver radar architecture, investigating the impact of multi-path effects from layered snow on measurements carried out by a multi-static radar of Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) type. A few simplifying assumptions are formulated, in order to make the problem manageable, and a possible approach for solving the related issues is proposed, using a robust algorithm based on pattern matching to detect snow layering in such a challenging environment. Results obtained from various simulations carried out with realistic environmental and geometrical parameters appear to support the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that with 3 metres of snow thickness, the probability of successfully detecting the correct numbers of layers exceeds 80%.
Robust and fast post-processing of single-shot spin qubit detection events with a neural network
Creators: name: Struck, Tom
name: Lindner, Javed
name: Hollmann, Arne
name: Schauer, Floyd
name: Schmidbauer, Andreas
name: Bougeard, Dominique
name: Schreiber, Lars R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Establishing low-error and fast detection methods for qubit readout is crucial for efficient quantum error correction. Here, we test neural networks to classify a collection of single-shot spin detection events, which are the readout signal of our qubit measurements. This readout signal contains a stochastic peak, for which a Bayesian inference filter including Gaussian noise is theoretically optimal. Hence, we benchmark our neural networks trained by various strategies versus this latter algorithm. Training of the network with 10$^{6}$ experimentally recorded single-shot readout traces does not improve the post-processing performance. A network trained by synthetically generated measurement traces performs similar in terms of the detection error and the post-processing speed compared to the Bayesian inference filter. This neural network turns out to be more robust to fluctuations in the signal offset, length and delay as well as in the signal-to-noise ratio. Notably, we find an increase of 7 % in the visibility of the Rabi-oscillation when we employ a network trained by synthetic readout traces combined with measured signal noise of our setup. Our contribution thus represents an example of the beneficial role which software and hardware implementation of neural networks may play in scalable spin qubit processor architectures.
Dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic modes
Creators: name: Rossi, Enrico
name: Heinonen, Olle G.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic modes using a system plus reservoir approach with realistic magnetoelastic coupling. After integrating out the elastic modes we obtain a self-contained equation for the dynamics of the magnetization. We find explicit expressions for the memory friction kernel and hence, {\em via} the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem, for the spectral density of the magnetization thermal fluctuations. For magnetic samples in which the single domain approximation is valid, we derive an equation for the dynamics of the uniform mode. Finally we apply this equation to study the dynamics of the uniform magnetization mode in insulating ferromagnetic thin films. As experimental consequences we find that the fluctuation correlation time is of the order of the ratio between the film thickness, $h$, and the speed of sound in the magnet and that the line-width of the ferromagnetic resonance peak should scale as $B_1^2h$ where $B_1$ is the magnetoelastic coupling constant.
description: Revised version as appeared in print. 12 pages 9 figures
On surfaces of general type with p_g=q=1 isogenous to a product of curves
Creators: name: Polizzi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J29 (Primary) 14J10, 20F65 (Secondary)

description: A smooth algebraic surface $S$ is said to be \emph{isogenous to a product of unmixed type} if there exist two smooth curves $C, F$ and a finite group $G$, acting faithfully on both $C$ and $F$ and freely on their product, so that $S=(C \times F)/G$. In this paper we classify the surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1$ which are isogenous to an unmixed product, assuming that the group $G$ is abelian. It turns out that they belong to four families, that we call surfaces of type $I, II, III, IV$. The moduli spaces $\mathfrak{M}_{I}, \mathfrak{M}_{II}, \mathfrak{M}_{IV}$ are irreducible, whereas $\mathfrak{M}_{III}$ is the disjoint union of two irreducible components. In the last section we start the analysis of the case where $G$ is not abelian, by constructing several examples.
description: 23 pages. To appear in Communications in Algebra
Structural diversity in electrohydrodynamically driven active and organized liquid states
Creators: name: Raju, Geet
name: Kyriakopoulos, Nikos
name: Timonen, Jaakko V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous emergence of organized states in materials driven by non-equilibrium conditions is of significant fundamental and technological interest. In many cases, the organized states are complex, hence, with some well-studied exceptions, their emergence is challenging to predict. In this article, we show that an unexpectedly diverse collection of dissipative organized states can emerge in a simple biphasic system consisting of two liquids under planar confinement. We drive the liquid-liquid interface, which is held together by capillary forces, out of thermodynamic equilibrium using DC electrohydrodynamic shearing. As a result, the interface goes through multiple spontaneous symmetry breakings, leading to various organized non-equilibrium states. First, at low shearing, the shear-deformed interface becomes unstable and a 1D quasi-static corrugation pattern emerges. At slightly higher shearing, we observe topological changes that lead to emergence of active self-propulsive fluidic filaments and filament networks, as well as ordered bicontinuous fluidic lattices. Finally, the system transitions into active self-propulsive droplets, quasi-stationary dissipating polygonal and toroidal droplets, and ultimately to a chaotic active emulsion of non-coalescing droplets with complex interactions. Interestingly, this single system captures many features from continuum non-equilibrium pattern formation and discrete active particles, which are often considered separate fields of study. The diversity of observed dissipative organized states is exceptional and points towards many new avenues in the study of electrohydrodynamics, capillary phenomena, non-equilibrium pattern formation, and active materials.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
VIMOS-IFU survey of z~0.2 massive galaxy clusters. I. Observations of the strong lensing cluster Abell 2667
Creators: name: Covone, G.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Soucail, G.
name: Richard, J.
name: Jullo, E.
name: Ebeling, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We present extensive multi-color imaging and low resolution VIMOS Integral Field Unit spectroscopic observations of the X-ray luminous cluster Abell 2667 (z=0.233). An extremely bright giant gravitational arc (z=1.0334) is easily identified as part of a triple image system and other fainter multiple images are also revealed by the HST-WFPC2 images. The VIMOS-IFU observations cover a field of view of 54'' x 54'' and enable us to determine the redshift of all galaxies down to V=22.5. Furthermore, redshifts could be identified for some sources down to V=23.2. In particular we identify 21 cluster members in the cluster inner region, from which we derive a velocity dispersion of σ=960 km/s, corresponding to a total mass of 7.1 x 10^{13} solar masses within a 110 kpc radius. Using the multiple images constraints and priors on the mass distribution of cluster galaxy halos we construct a detailed lensing mass model leading to a total mass of 2.9 x 10^{13} solar masses within the Einstein radius (16 arcsec). The lensing mass and dynamical mass are in good agreement although the dynamical one is much less accurate. Comparing these measurements with published X-ray analysis, is however less conclusive. Although the X-ray temperature matches the dynamical and lensing estimates, the published NFW mass model derived from the X-ray measurement with its small concentration of c ~3 can not account for the large Einstein radius observed in this cluster. A larger concentration of ~6 would however match the strong lensing measurements. These results are likely reflecting the complex structure of the cluster mass distribution, underlying the importance of panchromatic studies from small to large scale in order to better understand cluster physics.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to AA
The 1+3-Newton-Cartan system and Newton-Cartan cosmology
Creators: name: Vigneron, Quentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a covariant 1+3 split of the Newton-Cartan equations. The resulting 3-dimensional system of equations, called \textit{the 1+3-Newton-Cartan equations}, is structurally equivalent to the 1+3-Einstein equations. In particular it features the momentum constraint, and a choice of adapted coordinates corresponds to a choice of shift vector. We show that these equations reduce to the classical Newton equations without the need for special Galilean coordinates. The solutions to the 1+3-Newton-Cartan equations are equivalent to the solutions of the classical Newton equations if space is assumed to be compact or if fall-off conditions at infinity are assumed. We then show that space expansion arises as a fundamental field in Newton-Cartan theory, and not by construction as in the classical formulation of Newtonian cosmology. We recover the Buchert-Ehlers theorem for the general expansion law in Newtonian cosmology.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D; 11 pages; 1 figure
The Changing Structure of Commercial Banks Lending to Agriculture
Creators: name: Nam, Sangjeong
name: Ellinger, Paul N.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Nam, Sangjeong
name: Ellinger, Paul N.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: agricultural loan
subject: agricultural loan growth
subject: quantile regression

description: This study examines the effect of selected factors on the changes in agricultural lending from 2000 to 2005 using a quantile regression method with commercial bank data. The study finds that the effects of the characteristics of commercial banks and the financial markets on the agricultural loan growth differ among quantiles. The results indicate that there are three significant characteristics affecting agricultural loan growth using the OLS regression, however, six different factors are significant in the different quantiles. Bank assets and deposit growth rates have a positive impact, and the population growth rate, loan to deposit ratio, equity to asset ratio, and location have a negative impact on the agricultural loan growth rate at commercial banks. The agricultural loan rate and ROA showed mixed results as banks with low and medium growth rates increase their lending to agriculture while those with higher growth rates decrease their agricultural loans.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/11/07.
Moving Beyond Income: Neighborhood Structure, Household Behavior, and Children's Health in the United States
Creators: name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Aradhyula, Satheesh V.
name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Aradhyula, Satheesh V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: children's health
subject: neighborhood characteristics
subject: socioeconomic status

description: Using insights from economics, pediatrics, psychology, and sociology, this paper examines the effects of income, income inequality, participation in religious services, maternal health, breastfeeding, household smoking, neighborhood characteristics, and racial/ethnic composition of population on child health. Using aggregate data on children's health and well-being for 50 U.S. states derived from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH, 2005), we document the following results: (1) neighborhood characteristics are a more powerful predictor of children's health than income; (2) there is a large effect of mother's health on children's health; (3) the independent effect of income inequality on children's health vary across domains of child health outcomes, as some aspects of child health (mental health) are more responsive to the immediate environment of family and neighborhood than others; (4) breastfeeding has beneficial effect on children's health, while household smoking has negative effect on children's health and well-being; and (5) childrens who participate in religious services at least once a week have less socio-emotional difficulties compared to children who do not.
Entropies of Mixing and the Lorenz Order
Creators: name: Lavenda, B. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropies of mixing can be derived directly from the parent distributions of extreme value theory. They correspond to pseudo-additive entropies in the case of Pareto and power function distributions, while to the Shannon entropy in the case of the exponential distribution.The former tend to the latter when their shape parameters tend to infinity and zero, respectively. Hence processes whose entropies of mixing are pseudo-additive entropies majorize, in the Lorenz order sense, those whose entropy is the Shannon entropy. In the case of the arcsine distribution, maximal properties of regular polygons correspond to maximum entropy of mixing.
description: 5 pages
A cavity-QED quantum simulator of dynamical phases of a BCS superconductor
Creators: name: Lewis-Swan, Robert J.
name: Barberena, Diego
name: Cline, Julia R. K.
name: Young, Dylan J.
name: Thompson, James K.
name: Rey, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to simulate dynamical phases of a BCS superconductor using an ensemble of cold atoms trapped in an optical cavity. Effective Cooper pairs are encoded via internal states of the atoms and attractive interactions are realized via the exchange of virtual photons between atoms coupled to a common cavity mode. Control of the interaction strength combined with a tunable dispersion relation of the effective Cooper pairs allows exploration of the full dynamical phase diagram of the BCS model, as a function of system parameters and the prepared initial state. Our proposal paves the way for the study of non-equilibrium features of quantum magnetism and superconductivity by harnessing atom-light interactions in cold atomic gases.
description: 6+6 pages, 4+3 figures
Andresen, Carl / u.a., Die Lehrentwicklung im Rahmen der Katholizität
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 3 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 3
Supply Channel Stage-Games and Horizontal Merger Simulation in the Refrigerated Orange Juice Industry
Creators: name: Pofahl, Geoffrey M.
name: Pofahl, Geoffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper seeks to explore the implementation of more realistic supply channel interactions in merger simulation. In particular, a two-stage pricing game is used to conduct merger simulations in the refrigerated orange juice category. The major finding is that practical use of stage-game modeling in merger simulation will not be possible until the relationship between demand specification and retail pass-through rates is better understood.
Covid-19 epidemic under the K-quarantine model: Network approach
Creators: name: Choi, K.
name: Choi, Hoyun
name: Kahng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D30

description: The Covid-19 pandemic is ongoing worldwide, and the damage it has caused is unprecedented. For prevention, South Korea has adopted a local quarantine strategy rather than a global lockdown. This approach not only minimizes economic damage, but it also efficiently prevents the spread of the disease. In this work, the spread of COVID-19 under local quarantine measures is modeled using the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model on complex networks. In this network approach, the links connected to isolated people are disconnected and then reinstated when they are released. This link dynamics leads to time-dependent reproduction number. Numerical simulations are performed on networks with reaction rates estimated from empirical data. The temporal pattern of the cumulative number of confirmed cases is then reproduced. The results show that a large number of asymptomatic infected patients are detected as they are quarantined together with infected patients. Additionally, possible consequences of the breakdowns of local quarantine measures and social distancing are considered.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of The roles of predictors in cardiovascular risk models - a question of modeling culture?
Creators: name: Wallisch, Christine
name: Agibetov, Asan
name: Dunkler, Daniela
name: Haller, Maria
name: Samwald, Matthias
name: Dorffner, Georg
name: Heinze, Georg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 3. Risk prediction of a CVD event within 1 year.
MPEC 2024-A89 : 2024 AY1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AY1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Matter formed at the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider
Creators: name: Brown, G. E.
name: Gelman, B. A.
name: Rho, Mannque
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that the "new form of matter" found just above $T_c$ by RHIC is made up of tightly bound quark-antiquark pairs, essentially 32 chirally restored (more precisely, nearly massless) mesons of the quantum numbers of $π$, $σ$, $ρ$ and $a_1$. Taking the results of lattice gauge simulations (LGS) for the color Coulomb potential from the work of the Bielefeld group and feeding this into a relativistic two-body code, after modifying the heavy-quark lattice results so as to include the velocity-velocity interaction, all ground-state eigenvalues of the 32 mesons go to zero at $T_c$ just as they do from below $T_c$ as predicted by the vector manifestation (VM in short) of hidden local symmetry. This could explain the rapid rise in entropy up to $T_c$ found in LGS calculations. We argue that how the dynamics work can be understood from the behavior of the hard and soft glue.
description: Final version
First-principles modeling of plasmons in aluminum under ambient and extreme conditions
Creators: name: Ramakrishna, Kushal
name: Cangi, Attila
name: Dornheim, Tobias
name: Baczewski, Andrew
name: Vorberger, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical understanding of plasmon behavior is crucial for an accurate interpretation of inelastic scattering diagnostics in many experiments. We highlight the utility of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) as a first-principles framework for consistently modeling plasmon properties. We provide a comprehensive analysis of plasmons in aluminum from ambient to warm dense matter conditions and assess typical properties such as the dynamical structure factor, the plasmon dispersion, and the plasmon lifetime. We compare our results with scattering measurements and with other TDDFT results as well as models such as the random phase approximation, the Mermin approach, and the dielectric function obtained using static local field corrections of the uniform electron gas parametrized from path integral Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude that results for the plasmon dispersion and lifetime are inconsistent between experiment and theories and that the common practice of extracting and studying plasmon dispersion relations is an insufficient procedure to capture the complicated physics contained in the dynamic structure factor in its full breadth.
Analytical representation for amplitudes and differential cross section of pp elastic scattering at 13 TeV
Creators: name: Ferreira, E.
name: Kohara, A. K.
name: Kodama, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With analytical representation for the pp scattering amplitudes introduced and tested at lower energies, a description of high precision is given of the $dσ/dt$ data at $\sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV for all values of the momentum transfer, with explicit identification of the real and imaginary parts. In both $t$ and $b$ coordinates the amplitudes have terms identified as of non-perturbative and perturbative nature, with distinction of their influences in forward and large $|t|$ ranges and in central and peripheral regions respectively. In the forward range, the role of the Coulomb-nuclear interference phase is investigated. The energy dependence of the parameters of the amplitudes are reviewed and updated, revealing a possible emergence of a peculiar behavior of elastic and inelastic profiles in b-space for central collisions, which seems to be enhanced quickly at higher energies. Some other models are also briefly discussed in comparison, including the above mentioned behavior in b-space.
description: 22 pages, 26 figures
High Efficiency Detection of Argon Scintillation Light of 128nm Using LAAPDs
Creators: name: Chandrasekharan, R.
name: Knecht, A.
name: Messina, M.
name: Regenfus, C.
name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of efficient collection and detection of vacuum ultraviolet light as emitted by argon, krypton, and xenon gas is studied. Absolute quantum efficiencies of large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) are derived at these wavelengths. VUV light of wavelengths down to the 128nm of Ar emission is shown to be detectable with silicon avalanche photodiodes at quantum efficiencies above 42%. Flexible Mylar foil overcoated with Al+MgF$_2$ is measured to have a specular reflectivity of $\sim$91% at argon emission wavelength. Low-pressure argon gas is shown to emit significant amounts of non-UV radiation. The average energy expenditure for the creation of non-UV photons in argon gas at this pressure is measured to be below 378 eV.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Talk given at IEEE 2005 Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Puerto Rico
Identification of Hazardous Locations on City Streets
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for identifying hazardous locations in Kentucky cities (over 2,500 population). Methods used in 45 other states were reviewed. Accident information for 69 of the 97 cities over 2,500 population was used to develop criteria for an identification method.  A Number Method was selected for initial identification of midblocks and intersections on arterial-collector streets and on urban freeways. A Rate-Quality Control Method was included in the form of a critical rate factor computed for each location. A set of critical rate curves was constructed for easy determination of hazardous locations. A computer program ranks sites according to the criteria proposed.
Multiparty quantum secret splitting and quantum state sharing
Creators: name: Deng, Fu-Guo
name: Li, Xi-Han
name: Li, Chun-Yan
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Zhou, Hong-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A protocol for multiparty quantum secret splitting is proposed with an ordered $N$ EPR pairs and Bell state measurements. It is secure and has the high intrinsic efficiency and source capacity as almost all the instances are useful and each EPR pair carries two bits of message securely. Moreover, we modify it for multiparty quantum state sharing of an arbitrary $m$-particle entangled state based on quantum teleportation with only Bell state measurements and local unitary operations which make this protocol more convenient in a practical application than others.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. The revision of the manuscript appeared in PLA. Some procedures for detecting cheat have been added. Then the security loophole in the original manuscript has been eliminated
Phase separation and protein partitioning in compartmentalized cell-free expression reactions
Creators: name: Kato, Shuzo
name: Garenne, David
name: Noireaux, Vincent
name: Maeda, Yusuke T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is important to control a wide range of reactions from gene expression to protein degradation in a cell-sized space. To bring a better understanding of the compatibility of such phase-separated structures with protein synthesis, we study emergent LLPS in a cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) reaction. When the TXTL reaction composed of many proteins is concentrated, the uniformly mixed state becomes unstable, and membrane-less phases form spontaneously. This LLPS droplet formation is induced when the TXTL reaction is enclosed in water-in-oil emulsion droplets, in which water evaporates from the surface. As the emulsion droplets shrink, smaller LLPS droplets appear inside the emulsion droplets and coalesce into large phase-separated domains that partition the localization of synthesized reporter proteins. The presence of PEG in the TXTL reaction is important not only for versatile cell-free protein synthesis but also for the formation of two large domains capable of protein partitioning. Our results may shed light on the dynamic interplay of LLPS formation and cell-free protein synthesis toward the construction of synthetic organelles.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, and 6 supplemental figures