cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biomass burning, land-cover change, and the hydrological cycle in Northern sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Ichoku, Charles
name: Ellison, Luke
name: Willmot, K. Elena
name: Matsui, Toshihisa
name: Dezfuli, Amin K.
name: Gatebe, Charles K.
name: Wang, Jun
name: Wilcox, Eric M.
name: Lee, Jejung
name: Adegoke, Jimmy
name: Okonkwo, Churchill
name: Bolten, John
name: Policelli, Frederick S.
name: Habib, Shahid
Publisher: name: IOP
Year: 2016

description: The Northern Sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, which accounts for 20%–25% of the global carbon emissions from biomass burning, also suffers from frequent drought episodes and other disruptions to the hydrological cycle whose adverse societal impacts have been widely reported during the last several decades. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the NSSA regional climate system components that may be linked to biomass burning, as well as detailed analyses of a variety of satellite data for 2001–2014 in conjunction with relevant model-assimilated variables. Satellite fire detections in NSSA show that the vast majority (>75%) occurs in the savanna and woody savanna land-cover types. Starting in the 2006–2007 burning season through the end of the analyzed data in 2014, peak burning activity showed a net decrease of 2–7%/yr in different parts of NSSA, especially in the savanna regions. However, fire distribution shows appreciable coincidence with land-cover change. Although there is variable mutual exchange of different land cover types, during 2003–2013, cropland increased at an estimated rate of 0.28%/yr of the total NSSA land area, with most of it (0.18%/yr) coming from savanna. During the last decade, conversion to croplands increased in some areas classified as forests and wetlands, posing a threat to these vital and vulnerable ecosystems. Seasonal peak burning is anti-correlated with annual water-cycle indicators such as precipitation, soil moisture, vegetation greenness, and evapotranspiration, except in humid West Africa (5°–10° latitude), where this anti-correlation occurs exclusively in the dry season and burning virtually stops when monthly mean precipitation reaches 4 mm d⁻¹. These results provide observational evidence of changes in land-cover and hydrological variables that are consistent with feedbacks from biomass burning in NSSA, and encourage more synergistic modeling and observational studies that can elaborate this feedback mechanism.
Fast variability as a tracer of accretion regimes in black hole transients
Creators: name: Muñoz-Darias, T.
name: Motta, S.
name: Belloni, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the rms-intensity diagram for black hole transients. Using observations taken with the Rossi X-ray timing explorer we study the relation between the root mean square (rms) amplitude of the variability and the net count-rate during the 2002, 2004 and 2007 outbursts of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4. We find that the rms-flux relation previously observed during the hard state in X-ray binaries does not hold for the other states, when different relations apply. These relations can be used as a good tracer of the different accretion regimes. We identify the hard, soft and intermediate states in the rms-intensity diagram. Transitions between the different states are seen to produce marked changes in the rms-flux relation. We find that one single component is required to explain the ~ 40 per cent variability observed at low count rates, whereas no or very low variability is associated to the accretion-disc thermal component.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 6 pages, 4 figures
Novel Complexes with a Short Tungsten-Phosphorus Triple Bond
Creators: name: Kramkowski, Peter
name: Baum, Gerhard
name: Radius, Udo
name: Kaupp, Martin
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Metathesis; P ligands; Phosphido ligands; Tungsten
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The novel phosphido complexes [thf(ArO)3WPM(CO)5] (3 a,b; Ar=2,6-Me2C6H3; M=W, Cr; 3 a is depicted here) can be prepared in high yields by the reaction of [W2(OAr)6] with tBuCP in the presence of [M(CO)5thf]. Initial reactivity studies with [(ArO)4W=O] and [(Ph3P)2Pt(2-C2H4)] resulted in the formation of dinuclear four-membered ring complexes and indicated the high side-on reactivity of these compounds. Theoretical studies of the model complexes [(HO)3WP], [(HO)3WPW(CO)5], and [thf(HO)3WPW(CO)5] give insights into the bonding situation.
Time Dependent Analysis of an 𝑴/𝑴/𝟐/𝑵 Queue With Catastrophes
Creators: name: Bura, Gulab Singh
name: Shilpi Gupta
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2019
Subjects: Markovian queueing system
catastrophes
limited capacity
Time Dependent Solution

description: We consider a Markovian queueing system with two identical servers subjected to catastrophes. When the system is not empty, catastrophes may occur and destroy all present customers in the system. Simultaneously the system is ready for new arrivals. The time dependent and the steady state solution are obtained explicitly. Further we have obtained some important performance measures of the studied queueing model.
The Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS): The Environments of High-z SDSS Quasi-Stellar-Objects
Creators: name: Falder, J. T.
name: Stevens, J. A.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Bonfield, D. G.
name: Lacy, M.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Surace, J.
name: Mauduit, J. -C.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Marchetti, L.
name: González-Solares, E.
name: Afonso, J.
name: Cava, A.
name: Seymour, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a study of the environments of SDSS Quasi-Stellar-Objects (QSOs) in the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). We concentrate on the high-redshift QSOs as these have not been studied in large numbers with data of this depth before. We use the IRAC 3.6-4.5μm colour of objects and ancillary r-band data to filter out as much foreground contamination as possible. This technique allows us to find a significant (> 4-σ) over-density of galaxies around QSOs in a redshift bin centred on z ~ 2.0 and a (> 2-σ) over-density of galaxies around QSOs in a redshift bin centred on z ~ 3.3. We compare our findings to the predictions of a semi-analytic galaxy formation model, based on the ΛCDM millennium simulation, and find for both redshift bins that the model predictions match well the source-density we have measured from the SERVS data.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by ApJ
Process optimization for yam flour incorporated in expanded extrudates
Creators: name: KC, Yadav
name: Rajbanshi, Ranjit
name: Katuwal, Nirat
name: Dhungana, Pramesh
name: Subba, Dilip
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The effects of incorporation of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.), feed moisture content, and extrusion conditions on physical characteristics of expanded extrudate were studied using response surface methodology. The mixture was prepared using maize grit, rice grit, and gram flour. Yam flour was incorporated at 10–20% level in the feed mix, and the moisture content of the feed was varied from 13% to 15%. The extrusion process was run at varied temperature conditions (90–110°C) in a single screw extruder. A numerical multi-response optimization technique was used for optimizing input variables. Lateral expansion (LE) and starch digestibility had significant (p p p 3 for density, 6.002 g/g for WAI, 7.217% for WSI, and 305.15 µg/g for maltose content with desirability 0.848. The extrusion conditions and response variables reveal the possibility of using yam to produce extruded expanded snacks.
A recombination algorithm for the decomposition of multivariate rational functions
Creators: name: Chèze, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we show how we can compute in a deterministic way the decomposition of a multivariate rational function with a recombination strategy. The key point of our recombination strategy is the used of Darboux polynomials. We study the complexity of this strategy and we show that this method improves the previous ones. In appendix, we explain how the strategy proposed recently by J. Berthomieu and G. Lecerf for the sparse factorization can be used in the decomposition setting. Then we deduce a decomposition algorithm in the sparse bivariate case and we give its complexity
Persistent Robotic Tasks: Monitoring and Sweeping in Changing Environments
Creators: name: Smith, Stephen L.
name: Schwager, Mac
name: Rus, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present controllers that enable mobile robots to persistently monitor or sweep a changing environment. The changing environment is modeled as a field which grows in locations that are not within range of a robot, and decreases in locations that are within range of a robot. We assume that the robots travel on given closed paths. The speed of each robot along its path is controlled to prevent the field from growing unbounded at any location. We consider the space of speed controllers that can be parametrized by a finite set of basis functions. For a single robot, we develop a linear program that is guaranteed to compute a speed controller in this space to keep the field bounded, if such a controller exists. Another linear program is then derived whose solution is the speed controller that minimizes the maximum field value over the environment. We extend our linear program formulation to develop a multi-robot controller that keeps the field bounded. The multi-robot controller has the unique feature that it does not require communication among the robots. Simulation studies demonstrate the robustness of the controllers to modeling errors, and to stochasticity in the environment.
description: This is an expanded version of a paper at ICRA 2011. This expanded version has been submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Sabah (North Borneo) stingless bees for probiotic and food applications
Creators: name: Goh, Lucky Poh Wah
name: Molujin, Arnold Marshall
name: Muthu, Kaliswaran
name: Abdulla, Rahmath
name: Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan
name: Faik, Ainol Azifa Mohd
name: Gansau, Jualang Azlan
name: Jawan, Roslina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Stingless bees harbor lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which possesses multiple beneficial properties. However, there is no report on LAB in stingless bee from Sabah and their products. This study aimed to isolate LAB from several stingless bee species and their products as well as to perform characterization and safety assessments. A total of 104 strains were isolated and seven potential antimicrobial LAB isolates were identified from stingless bee and their products. Characterization, identification, and assessments were performed on seven (A2b, B3b, P1b, H4b, A6, B5, and B10) LAB that exert potential antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. The A6 isolate was closely related to the Lactobacillus pentosus species whereas isolates B5 and B10 were closely related to Weissella paramesenteroides species. Finally, isolates P1b, H4b, B3b, and A2b were closely related to the Enterococcus sp. These seven LAB isolates were able to survive in stimulated gastrointestinal tract conditions (acidic, salt, bile salt, and temperature). The carbon fermentation, proteolytic activities, acidification, milk coagulation, and wide antibiotic susceptibility testing of seven LAB isolates revealed their potential used as a probiotic and fermentation purposes. Therefore, more studies are warranted to investigate the potential of these LAB isolates towards applications in probiotic and fermentation.
Supplemental figures from Convergent evolution of ventral adaptations for enrolment in trilobites and extant euarthropods
Creators: name: Losso, Sarah R.
name: Affatato, Pauline
name: Nanglu, Karma
name: Ortega-Hernández, Javier
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 370506
subject: Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description: The ability to enrol for protection is an effective defensive strategy that has convergently evolved multiple times in disparate animal groups ranging from euarthropods to mammals. Enrolment is a staple habit of trilobites, and their biomineralized dorsal exoskeleton offered a versatile substrate for the evolution of interlocking devices. However, it is unknown whether trilobites also featured ventral adaptations for enrolment. Here, we report ventral exoskeletal adaptations that facilitate enrolment in exceptionally preserved trilobites from the middle Ordovician Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York State, USA. Walcott-Rust trilobites reveal the intricate three-dimensional organization of the non-biomineralized ventral anatomy preserved as calcite casts, including the spatial relationship between the articulated sternites (i.e. ventral exoskeletal plates) and the wedge-shaped protopodites. Enrolment in trilobites is achieved by ventrally dipping the anterior margin of the sternites during trunk flexure, facilitated by the presence of flexible membranes, and with the close coupling of the wedge-shaped protopodites. Comparisons with the ventral morphology of extant glomerid millipedes and terrestrial isopods reveal similar mechanisms used for enrolment. The wedge-shaped protopodites of trilobites closely resemble the gnathobasic coxa/protopodite of extant horseshoe crabs. We propose that the trilobites' wedge-shaped protopodite simultaneously facilitated tight enrolment and gnathobasic feeding with the trunk appendages.
Nondestructive measurement of intramuscular fat content of fresh beef meat by a hand-held magnetic resonance sensor
Creators: name: Nakashima, Yoshito
name: Shiba, Nobuya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: To realize nondestructive in-situ quantification of intramuscular fat in fresh beef meat, a lightweight (5.0-kg) hand-held sensor that consists of a planar radio-frequency coil and a unilateral (i.e., single-sided) magnetic circuit was constructed as a subunit of a time-domain proton magnetic resonance (MR) scanner system. The MR scanner based on proton relaxometry enables the nondestructive quantification of the fat content of meat by using the difference in the spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water molecules in muscle and of fat molecules. The investigation depth of the sensor unit was 7 mm, which is sufficient to probe the meat beneath a subcutaneous fat layer less than a few millimeters thick. The scanner was successfully applied in a laboratory at a meat temperature of 30.5°C to quantify the fat content at 30 locations in fresh beef samples. The required measurement time was 22 s for each location. Reasonable agreement with a root-mean-square error as small as 5.4 wt% was obtained for fat quantification compared with the conventional destructive food analysis (Soxhlet extraction method). Thus, the portable MR scanner with a hand-held sensor unit is a promising nondestructive and noninvasive tool for the in-situ fat quantification of fresh beef (e.g., carcasses) with thin subcutaneous fat layers at meat processing factories.
In vitro anti-inflammatory property of a Quercetin-3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside characterized from fresh leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L
Creators: name: Bhatt, S. Kavya
name: Javagal, R. Manjunatha
name: Nanjarajurs, M. Shashirekha
name: Eligar, Sachin M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) leaves are nutritionally rich green leafy vegetables consumed in South-East Asian and Middle-Eastern countries. Scientific data suggests properties including anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-nociception, and hepatoprotective. However, the molecules responsible for these properties are yet to be identified. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized an anti-inflammatory nutraceutical molecule based on bioassay from the fresh leaves of fenugreek. The lipoxygenase inhibition assay revealed 79.9 ± 1.1% and 69.0 ± 2.9% inhibition in ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The ethanolic extract purified on a semi-prep HPLC column yielded a nutraceutical molecule quercetin glycoside (QG) having potent inhibition of lipoxygenase (75.3 ± 1.6%) at 10 mM and hyaluronidase (67.4 ± 4.0%) at 2 mM, respectively. The QG structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data, including FTIR, UHPLC-MS/MS, and 1D and 2D NMR as Quercetin-3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside. QG also suppressed ROS, NO, and IL-6 production in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Radical scavenging assays of DPPH and ABTS revealed the potent antioxidant activity of QG with an EC50 of 245.5 and 68.8 μM, respectively. Our results demonstrate that newly characterized quercetin glycoside from fresh leaves of fenugreek possesses potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Adorno and Marcuse’s critical analysis of media culture and its implications for media education in China
Creators: name: Li, Yue
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This thesis explores the educational insights in Adorno and Marcuse’s critical theory and discusses its implication for media education in mainland China. There are three main areas where their critical philosophy can strengthen critical pedagogy and media education in contemporary China: their analysis of the nature and effects of media culture, their critique of the educational system, and their aesthetic educational method with the aim of cultivating critical thinking. Given mass media’s significant role in shaping people’s understanding towards different social affairs, my thesis challenges the current technical mode of media education in mainland China, which stresses too much the teaching of technical knowledge while ignoring the cultivation of the ability to think critically. I also discuss the educational methods that teachers may use to cultivate critical thinking based on Adorno and Marcuse’s philosophy of education. As a philosophical inquiry, my thesis concentrates on theoretical analysis. By applying Adorno and Marcuse’s critical philosophy to contemporary China, I not only analyze the insights of their philosophy for understanding the current society, but also suggest that some opinions in their theory should be changed within the contemporary social and cultural context.
Supplemental figures from Convergent evolution of ventral adaptations for enrollment in trilobites and extant euarthropods
Creators: name: Losso, Sarah R.
name: Affatato, Pauline
name: Nanglu, Karma
name: Ortega-Hernández, Javier
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 370506
subject: Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description: The ability to enroll for protection is an effective defensive strategy that has convergently evolved multiple times in disparate animal groups ranging from euarthropods to mammals. Enrollment is an evolutionary staple habit of trilobites, and their biomineralized dorsal exoskeleton offered a versatile substrate for the evolution of interlocking devices. However, it is unknown whether trilobites also featured ventral adaptations for enrollment. Here, we report ventral exoskeletal adaptations that facilitate enrollment in exceptionally preserved trilobites from the Upper Ordovician Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York State, USA. Walcott-Rust trilobites reveal the intricate three-dimensional organization of the non-biomineralized ventral anatomy preserved as calcite casts, including the spatial relationship between the articulated sternites (i.e. ventral exoskeletal plates) and the wedge-shaped protopodites. Enrollment in trilobites is achieved by ventrally dipping the anterior margin of the sternites during trunk flexure, facilitated by the presence of flexible membranes, and with the close coupling of the wedge-shaped protopodites. Comparisons with the ventral morphology of extant glomerid millipedes and terrestrial isopods reveal similar mechanisms used for enrollment. The wedge-shaped protopodites of trilobites closely resemble the gnathobasic coxa/protopodite of extant horseshoe crabs. We propose that the trilobites' wedge-shaped protopodite simultaneously facilitated tight enrollment and gnathobasic feeding with the trunk appendages.
Mechanistic insights into condensate formation of human liver-type phosphofructokinase by stochastic modeling approaches
Creators: name: Kang, Hye-Won
name: Nguyen, Luan
name: An, Songon
name: Kyoung, Minjoung
Publisher: name: Nature
Year: 2024
Subjects: Multienzyme complexes
Molecular biophysics
Computational models
Applied mathematics

description: Human liver-type phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKL) has been shown to regulate glucose flux as a scaffolder arranging glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes into a multienzyme metabolic condensate, the glucosome. However, it has remained elusive of how phase separation of PFKL is governed and initiates glucosome formation in living cells, thus hampering to understand a mechanism of glucosome formation and its functional contribution to human cells. In this work, we developed a stochastic model in silico using the principle of Langevin dynamics to investigate how biological properties of PFKL contribute to the condensate formation. The significance of an intermolecular interaction between PFKLs, an effective concentration of PFKL at a region of interest, and its own self-assembled filaments in formation of PFKL condensates and control of their sizes were demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulation using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS). Such biological properties that define intracellular dynamics of PFKL appear to be essential for phase separation of PFKL, which may represent an initiation step for the formation of glucosome condensates. Collectively, our computational study provides mechanistic insights of glucosome formation, particularly an initial stage through the formation of PFKL condensates in living human cells.
Interference mitigation and alignment for interference-limited communication systems
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Jahidur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: With limited availability of the communication spectrum and ever-increasing demands for high-data-rate services, it is natural to reuse the same time-frequency resource to the greatest degree possible. Depending on the nature of transmission and reception of the users, this leads to different instances of interference, e.g., inter-user interference in an interference network and self-interference in a Full-Duplex (FD) transmission. With a goal to mitigate such interference, in this thesis we investigate emerging interference-limited communication systems, such as FD, Device-to-Device (D2D), and Power Line Communication (PLC). To this end, we propose advanced solutions, namely self-interference mitigation and Interference Alignment (IA). With an objective to reduce the power consumption, we study transceiver design for FD multi-cell Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS). Considering realistic self-interference models and robustness against Channel State Information (CSI) uncertainty, our numerical results reveal transmission scenarios and design parameters for which replacing half-duplex with FD systems is beneficial in terms of power minimization. If the system is not power constrained, however, a natural objective is to optimize the total throughput given a power budget. Nonetheless, throughput maximization underserves the users that experience poor channels, which leads to QoS unfairness. Therefore, we propose a fair transceiver design for FD multi-cell MIMO systems, which can be implemented in a distributed manner. We further extend our design to enforce robustness against CSI uncertainty. As a second contribution within this design theme, the concept of robust fair transceiver design is also extended for D2D communications, where unlike the self-interference in FD transmission, the users suffer from strong inter-user interference. Recognizing that simultaneous multiple connections in PLC contribute to (interuser) interference-limited communication, we introduce IA techniques for PLC networks, for which the results confirm a significant sum-rate improvement. To overcome the implementation burden of CSI availability for IA techniques, we then study Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) for PLC X-network, and show that the characteristics of the PLC channel thwart simple implementation of this technique via impedance modulation. We therefore resort to a transmission scheme with multiple receiving ports, which can achieve the maximum multiplexing gain for this network.
Evaluation of fatty acids, phenolics and bioactivities of spent coffee grounds prepared from Vietnamese coffee
Creators: name: Vu, Danh C.
name: Vu, Quyen T.
name: Huynh, Long
name: Lin, Chung-Ho
name: Alvarez, Sophie
name: Vo, Xuyen T.
name: Nguyen, Trang H. D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a residue released during coffee brewing. Disposal of SCG is able to lead to a loss of bioactive constituents and have a negative impact upon the environment. This study aimed to explore fatty acids, bioactive phenolics, antioxidant and anti-aging potentials of SCG samples obtained from coffee shops in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. The oil content of the SCG samples ranged from 6.3 to 10.5%, and linoleic (43%), palmitic (33.4%) and oleic (11%) acids were identified as major constituents of the oil. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid examined (832.9–7657.7 μg/g of dry weight), followed by ferulic acid (40.5–1041.7 μg/g). Through anti-collagenase and anti-elastase assays, SCG showed a promising anti-aging activity, with IC50 values comparable with those of epigallocatechin gallate. The correlation analysis revealed gallic acid positively correlated with the free radical scavenging potential evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and the inhibitory effect on elastase. The results demonstrated that utilization of SCG prepared from Vietnamese coffee could open new avenues for food and cosmeceutical industry.
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and few-body Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Florio, Giuseppe
name: Pascazio, Saverio
name: Pepe, Francesco V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states is a crucial problem in quantum information. We derive general conditions for obtaining GHZ states as eigenstates of a Hamiltonian. In general, degeneracy cannot be avoided if the Hamiltonian contains m-body interaction terms with m<=2 and a number of qubits strictly larger than 4. As an application, we explicitly construct a two-body 4-qubit Hamiltonian and a three-body 5-qubit Hamiltonian that exhibit a GHZ as a nondegenerate eigenstate.
description: 4 pages
Pnictides as Symmetrically Bridging Ligands in Novel Neutral Complexes
Creators: name: Scheer, Manfred
name: Müller, Jan
name: Schiffer, Michael
name: Baum, Gerhard
name: Winter, Rainer F.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: antimony; heterocumulenes; pnictides; tripodal ligands; tungsten
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The reaction of [LWCl] (3) [L=N(CH2CH2NiPr)3] with LiE/SiMe3)2 (E=P, As, Sb) yields the novel, neutral pnictido-bridged complexes [LW=E=WL] (5-7). By following the reaction, which starts from the LiP/SiMe3)2 derivative, by 31P NMR spectroscopy, the formation of an intermediate with a terminal pnictido ligand can be ruled out. The paramagnetic complexes 5-7 are comprehensively spectroscopically characterised. The X-ray structure analysis of the heterocumulenes 5-7 reveals a linear structure in which the two W-tren units bind to the central pnictido atom in a staggered conformation [tren=tren-based ligand; tren=tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. When N2 is used as the inert gas in the synthesis of the starting material [{N(CH2CH2NNp)3}WCl] [Np=CH2C(CH3)3], the complex [{[N(CH2CH2NNp)3]W}2(,1:1-N2)] (4) is formed as a side product. Complex 4 possesses a hydrazido(4-) (N24-) ligand connected by two tungsten-tren moieties.
Predictors of antiretroviral adherence self-efficacy among people living with HIV/AIDS who use illicit drugs
Creators: name: Lee, William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Although the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who use illicit drugs have been well-described, sub-optimal adherence to ART remains an ongoing health concern. Positive health outcomes associated with adherence self-efficacy have been well-documented but there is a paucity of research exploring the antecedents of this construct. This study sought to identify possible determinants of adherence self-efficacy among a cohort of PLWHA who use illicit drugs. From December 2005 to June 2014, data were collected from the AIDS Care Cohort to evaluate Exposure to Survival Services (ACCESS), a prospective cohort of adult PLWHA who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada. We used multivariate linear regression to identify factors independently associated with higher ART adherence self-efficacy. Among 520 participants, older age and Caucasian ethnicity significantly and independently predicted higher levels of ART adherence efficacy expectations and self-regulatory efficacy, being employed predicted only higher levels of ART adherence efficacy expectations, whereas daily cocaine injection and being homeless significantly and independently predicted lower levels of ART adherence self-regulatory efficacy. Although this study highlights the potential importance that some demographic and contextual factors play in shaping adherence self-efficacy within the context of HIV and illicit drug use, efforts should be made to address methodological inconsistencies when investigating self-efficacy across different populations, including PLWHA. Future findings in this area introduce the notion of implementing screening measures for those at-risk for low ART adherence self-efficacy, as well as tailoring psychotherapy among PLWHA to increase aspects of adherence self-efficacy.
Naked Phosphorus as a Bent Bridging Ligand [Nackter Phosphor als gewinkelt verbrückender Ligand]
Creators: name: Kramkowski, Peter
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: metathesis; multiple bonds; P ligands; tungsten
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The metathesis reaction of [W2(OAr)6] (Ar=2,6-Me2C6H3) with tBuCP leads to the formation of a complex containing the first bent bridging P1 ligand with the coordination number 2 (see structure, atom P2). This mode of coordination was previously exclusively found for nitrogen and was unknown for the heavier homologues. The lone pair of electrons of the phosphorus ligand coordinates Lewis acidic M(CO)5 fragments (M=Cr, W).
Completely noninvasive multi-analyte monitoring system for cell culture processes
Creators: name: Rahmatnejad, Vida
name: Tolosa, Michael
name: Ge, Xudong
name: Rao, Govind
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mammalian cell culture
Sensor
Dissolved carbon dioxide
Noninvasive
Flow cell
Dissolved oxygen

description: Although online monitoring of dissolved O₂, pH, and dissolved CO₂ is critical in bioprocesses, nearly all existing technologies require some level of direct contact with the cell culture environment, posing risks of contamination. This study addresses the need for an accurate, and completely noninvasive technique for simultaneous measurement of these analytes. A “non-contact” technique for simultaneous monitoring of dissolved O₂, pH, and dissolved CO₂ was developed. Instead of direct contact with the culture media, the measurements were made through permeable membranes via either a sampling port in the culture vessel wall or a flow cell. The efficacy of the “non-contact” technique was validated in Escherichia coli (E.coli), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) culture processes, and dynamic environments created by sparging gases in cell culture medium. The measurements obtained through the developed techniques were comparable to those obtained through control methods. The noninvasive monitoring system can offer accurate, and contamination-minimized monitoring of critical process parameters including dissolved O₂, pH, and dissolved CO₂. These advancements will enhance the control and optimization of cell culture processes, promising improved cell culture performance.
Asteroseismology of Solar-type stars with Kepler III. Ground-based Data
Creators: name: Molenda-Zakowicz, Joanna
name: Bruntt, Hans
name: Sousa, Sergio
name: Frasca, Antonio
name: Biazzo, Katia
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Ireland, Mike
name: Bedding, Tim
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Uytterhoeven, Katrien
name: Dreizler, Stefan
name: De Cat, Peter
name: Briquet, Maryline
name: Catanzaro, Giovanni
name: Karoff, Chistoffer
name: Frandsen, Soeren
name: Spezzi, Loredana
name: Catala, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the ground-based follow-up program of spectroscopic and photometric observations of solar-like asteroseismic targets for the Kepler space mission. These stars constitute a large group of more than thousand objects which are the subject of an intensive study of the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium Working Group 1 (KASC WG-1). The main goal of this coordinated research is the determination of the fundamental stellar atmospheric parameters, which are used for the computing of their asteroseismic models, as well as for the verification of the Kepler Input Catalogue (KIC).
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Metal-Linked Pn Ligand Complexes
Creators: name: Sekar, Perumal
name: Umbarkar, Shubhangi B.
name: Scheer, Manfred
name: Voigt, Andreas
name: Kirmse, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Phosphorus; Chromium; Molybdenum; Cyclopentadienes; Sandwich complexes
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The reaction of [CpCr(CO)3]2 with P4 in toluene at 90 °C for 5 h affords the triple-decker sandwich complex [CpCr(CO)(3-P3)(CpCr)2(,1:5:5-P5)] (1) as a new product, along with the previously described products with P2, P3, and P10 units. The structure of the paramagnetic complex 1 has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. A novel complex [{CpCr(CO)2}2(,1:1:2-P2){Mo(CO)4}2{(,1:1:5:5-P5)(CpCr)2}] (2) has been obtained from the reaction of [{CpCr(CO)2}2(,2-P2)] with [Mo(CO)4(NBD)] (NBD = norbornadiene). The X-ray structure of 2 reveals a six-membered Mo2P4 ring combining a Cr2P2 tetrahedral core and a triple-decker sandwich Cr2P5 moiety. The EPR spectra of the paramagnetic (S = 1/2) complexes 1 and 2 are reported. A noticeable hyperfine interaction with two 31P nuclei is observed for 2.
Unboxing Occupational Bias: Grounded Debiasing of LLMs with U.S. Labor Data
Creators: name: Gorti, Atmika
name: Gaur, Manas
name: Chadha, Aman
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
UMBC Ebiquity Research Group

description: Accepted in AAAI Spring Symposium 2024
description: Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue becomes particularly problematic as biased LLMs can have far-reaching consequences, leading to unfair practices and exacerbating social inequalities across various domains, such as recruitment, online content moderation, or even the criminal justice system. Although prior research has focused on detecting bias in LLMs using specialized datasets designed to highlight intrinsic biases, there has been a notable lack of investigation into how these findings correlate with authoritative datasets, such as those from the U.S. National Bureau of Labor Statistics (NBLS). To address this gap, we conduct empirical research that evaluates LLMs in a ``bias-out-of-the-box" setting, analyzing how the generated outputs compare with the distributions found in NBLS data. Furthermore, we propose a straightforward yet effective debiasing mechanism that directly incorporates NBLS instances to mitigate bias within LLMs. Our study spans seven different LLMs, including instructable, base, and mixture-of-expert models, and reveals significant levels of bias that are often overlooked by existing bias detection techniques. Importantly, our debiasing method, which does not rely on external datasets, demonstrates a substantial reduction in bias scores, highlighting the efficacy of our approach in creating fairer and more reliable LLMs.
On the pathway of the 1–5 migration of a Cp* ligand
Creators: name: Schiffer, Michael
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The thermolysis and photolysis, respectively, of the phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] 1 in the presence of MeCCMe leads to the three-membered heterocycle [(2-CH2C5Me4)W(CO)4C{(CH3)CH(CH3)}PW(CO)5] 4 with an unusual 2-coordinated CH2C5Me4 ligand formed by a 1,4-sigmatropic hydrogen shift; the crystal structure and the spectroscopic data of 4 are discussed.
An Approach to Novel Complexes with a Tungsten−Phosphorus Triple Bond
Creators: name: Scheer, Manfred
name: Kramkowski, Peter
name: Schuster, Kay
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The metathesis reaction of [W2(OtBu)6] with tBuCP leads to the phosphido complex [(tBuO)3WP] (1), which can be stabilized when the reaction is carried out in the presence of Lewis acidic carbonyl complexes of the type [M(CO)5thf] (M = Cr, W). However, further reaction of the metathesis products [(tBuO)3WCtBu] and [(tBuO)3WP→M(CO)5] [M = W (4a), Cr (4b)] with tBuCP leads after subsequent 1,3-OtBu shift to the metallaphosphacyclobutadiene derivatives [(tBuO)2W{C(tBu)}2P(OtBu)] (2a) and [(tBuO)2WC(tBu)P{M(CO)5}P(OtBu)] [M = W (5a), M = Cr (5b)]. To prevent the latter, the bulky phosphaalkyne Ar‘CP (Ar‘ = 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2) was employed in the three-component reaction instead of tBuCP. Surprisingly here, a “head-to-tail” dimerization of Ar‘CP occurs to give the novel phosphinidene complexes [M(CO)4P(R‘)C(Ar‘)P{MCO)5}] [M = Cr (6a), M = W (6b); R‘ = 2,4-tBu2-7-Me2-indanyl]. In the case of [W(CO)5thf], additionally, the complex [W(CO)2{(η2-PCAr‘)W(CO)5}2] (7) is formed. The function of [W2(OtBu)6] in this reaction is uncertain, but stoichiometric amounts of [W2(OtBu)6] are essential to obtain complex 6. Reduction of the size of the alkoxide ligands by the use of [W2(ONp)6] (Np = CH2tBu) in the three-component reaction with Ar‘CP leads to the trinuclear cluster compounds [W3(μ3-P){W(CO)5}(μ-ONp)3(ONp)6] (8) and [W3(μ3-P)(μ-ONp)3(ONp)6] (9). The crucial step of the side-product free synthesis of the phosphido complexes 4 is the introduction of MesCP (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) into the three-component system of [W2(OtBu)6], RCP, and [W(CO)5thf]. Comprehensive structural and spectroscopic data are given for the products. Furthermore, a 31P NMR experiment was conducted following the reaction of [W2(OtBu)6] with MesCP from −70 °C to ambient temperature. In the range of −60 to −40 °C, a singlet at 845 ppm with one pair of tungsten satellites (1JW,P = 176 Hz) was observed for the complex [(tBuO)3WP] (1).
Experimental investigation on the nearshore transport of buoyant microplastic particles
Creators: name: Larsen, Bjarke Eltard
name: Al-Obaidi, Mustafa Ali Abdullah
name: Guler, Hasan Gokhan
name: Carstensen, Stefan
name: Goral, Koray Deniz
name: Christensen, Erik Damgaard
name: Kerpen, Nils B.
name: Schlurmann, Torsten
name: Fuhrman, David R.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Breaking waves
subject: Buoyant particles
subject: Lagrangian transport velocities
subject: Microplastic particles
subject: Non-breaking waves
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: This paper presents experimental measurements of beaching times for buoyant microplastic particles released, both in the pre-breaking region and within the surf zone. The beaching times are used to quantify cross-shore Lagrangian transport velocities of the microplastics. Prior to breaking the particles travel onshore with a velocity close to the Lagrangian fluid particle velocity, regardless of particle characteristics. In the surf zone the Lagrangian velocities of the microplastics increase and become closer to the wave celerity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that particles having low Dean numbers (dimensionless fall velocity) are transported at higher mean velocities, as they have a larger tendency to be at the free-surface relative to particles with higher Dean numbers. An empirical relation is formulated for predicting the cross-shore Lagrangian transport velocities of buoyant microplastic particles, valid for both non-breaking and breaking irregular waves. The expression matches the present experiments well, in addition to two prior studies.
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Sabah (North Borneo) stingless bees for probiotic and food applications
Creators: name: Goh, Lucky Poh Wah
name: Molujin, Arnold Marshall
name: Muthu, Kaliswaran
name: Abdulla, Rahmath
name: Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan
name: Faik, Ainol Afiza Mohd
name: Gansau, Jualang Azlan
name: Jawan, Roslina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Stingless bees harbor lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which possesses multiple beneficial properties. However, there is no report on LAB in stingless bee from Sabah and their products. This study aimed to isolate LAB from several stingless bee species and their products as well as to perform characterization and safety assessments. A total of 104 strains were isolated and seven potential antimicrobial LAB isolates were identified from stingless bee and their products. Characterization, identification, and assessments were performed on seven (A2b, B3b, P1b, H4b, A6, B5, and B10) LAB that exert potential antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. The A6 isolate was closely related to the Lactobacillus pentosus species whereas isolates B5 and B10 were closely related to Weissella paramesenteroides species. Finally, isolates P1b, H4b, B3b, and A2b were closely related to the Enterococcus sp. These seven LAB isolates were able to survive in stimulated gastrointestinal tract conditions (acidic, salt, bile salt, and temperature). The carbon fermentation, proteolytic activities, acidification, milk coagulation, and wide antibiotic susceptibility testing of seven LAB isolates revealed their potential used as a probiotic and fermentation purposes. Therefore, more studies are warranted to investigate the potential of these LAB isolates towards applications in probiotic and fermentation.