cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Predator-prey survival pressure is sufficient to evolve swarming behaviors
Creators: name: Li, Jianan
name: Li, Liang
name: Zhao, Shiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The comprehension of how local interactions arise in global collective behavior is of utmost importance in both biological and physical research. Traditional agent-based models often rely on static rules that fail to capture the dynamic strategies of the biological world. Reinforcement learning has been proposed as a solution, but most previous methods adopt handcrafted reward functions that implicitly or explicitly encourage the emergence of swarming behaviors. In this study, we propose a minimal predator-prey coevolution framework based on mixed cooperative-competitive multiagent reinforcement learning, and adopt a reward function that is solely based on the fundamental survival pressure, that is, prey receive a reward of $-1$ if caught by predators while predators receive a reward of $+1$. Surprisingly, our analysis of this approach reveals an unexpectedly rich diversity of emergent behaviors for both prey and predators, including flocking and swirling behaviors for prey, as well as dispersion tactics, confusion, and marginal predation phenomena for predators. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the collective behavior of organisms and highlights the potential applications in swarm robotics.
Digital Games as Tools for Stimulating and Assessing Reasoning Skills
Creators: name: Bottino, Rosa
name: Caponetto, Ilaria
name: Ott, Michela
name: Tavella, Mauro
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: This paper offers some thoughts on the use of educational digital logic games. Specifically refers to a number of research experiments conducted by ITD-CNR, which have highlighted the significant potential of digital games to help develop and/or consolidation of logical thinking and reasoning skills in students of primary and secondary school level. It offers a brief overview of four research experiences carried out by multidisciplinary teams coordinated by ITD-CNR since the early 2000s These experiences have highlighted the high potential of digital games to develop and strengthen logical thinking skills and have shown the positive impact of their use even on school performance. Verificare e stimolare le abilità di ragionamento con i giochi digitali Questo contributo propone alcune riflessioni sull’uso educativo dei giochi logici digitali. In particolare fa riferimento ad alcune esperienze di ricerca condotte dall’Istituto di Tecnologie Didattiche - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITD-CNR) che hanno evidenziato le interessanti potenzialità dei giochi digitali per contribuire allo sviluppo e/o al consolidamento del pensiero logico e delle abilità di ragionamento in studenti di scuola primaria e secondaria di primo grado. Si propone un breve excursus su quattro esperienze di ricerca svolte da equipe multidisciplinari coordinate da ITD-CNR a partire dai primi anni Duemila. Tali esperienze hanno messo in luce l’alto potenziale dei giochi digitali per sviluppare e potenziare abilità di pensiero logico ed hanno evidenziato il positivo impatto del loro uso anche sul rendimento scolastico.
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Teaching methods in mathematics, science and technology in schools
Creators: name: Bottino, Rosa
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: Didattica in ambito matematico, scientifico e tecnologico nella scuola
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Overlapping group logistic regression with applications to genetic pathway selection
Creators: name: Zeng, Yaohui
name: Breheny, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discovering important genes that account for the phenotype of interest has long been challenging in genomewide expression analysis. Analyses such as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) that incorporate pathway information have become widespread in hypothesis testing, but pathway-based approaches have been largely absent from regression methods due to the challenges of dealing with overlapping pathways and the resulting lack of available software. The R package grpreg is widely used to fit group lasso and other group-penalized regression models; in this study, we develop an extension, grpregOverlap, to allow for overlapping group structure using the latent variable approach proposed by Jacob et al. (2009). We compare this approach to the ordinary lasso and to GSEA using both simulated and real data. We find that incorporation of prior pathway information substantially improves the accuracy of gene expression classifiers, and we shed light on several ways in which hypothesis-testing approaches such as GSEA differ from regression approaches with respect to the analysis of pathway data.
Effects of the Spatial Extension of the Edge Channels on the Interference Pattern of a Helical Josephson Junction
Creators: name: Vigliotti, Lucia
name: Calzona, Alessio
name: Ziani, Niccolò Traverso
name: Bergeret, F. Sebastian
name: Sassetti, Maura
name: Trauzettel, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junctions (JJs) in the presence of a magnetic field exhibit qualitatively different interference patterns depending on the spatial distribution of the supercurrent through the junction. In JJs based on two-dimensional topological insulators (2DTIs), the electrons/holes forming a Cooper pair (CP) can either propagate along the same edge or be split into the two edges. The former leads to a SQUID-like interference pattern, with the superconducting flux quantum $ϕ_0$ (where $ϕ_0=h/2e$) as a fundamental period. If CPs' splitting is additionally included, the resultant periodicity doubles. Since the edge states are typically considered to be strongly localized, the critical current does not decay as a function of the magnetic field. The present paper goes beyond this approach and inspects a topological JJ in the tunneling regime featuring extended edge states. It is here considered the possibility that the two electrons of a CP propagate and explore the junction independently over length scales comparable to the superconducting coherence length. As a consequence of the spatial extension, a decaying pattern with different possible periods is obtained. In particular, it is shown that, if crossed Andreev reflections (CARs) are dominant and the edge states overlap, the resulting interference pattern features oscillations whose periodicity approaches $2ϕ_0$.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Ranieri Maria, Manca Stefania, I social network nell’educazione. Basi teoriche, modelli applicativi e linee guida. Trento: Erickson (2013)
Creators: name: Bruni, Filippo
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: .
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
A high-mass X-ray binary descended from an ultra-stripped supernova
Creators: name: Richardson, Noel D.
name: Pavao, Clarissa
name: Eldridge, Jan J.
name: Pablo, Herbert
name: Chené, André-Nicolas
name: Wysocki, Peter
name: Gies, Douglas R.
name: Younes, George
name: Hare, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-stripped supernovae are different from other terminal explosions of massive stars, as they show little or no ejecta from the actual supernova event. They are thought to occur in massive binary systems after the exploding star has lost its surface through interactions with its companion. Such supernovae produce little to no kick, leading to the formation of a neutron star without loss of the binary companion, which itself may also evolve into another neutron star. Here we show that a recently discovered high-mass X-ray binary, CPD -29 2176 (CD -29 5159; SGR 0755-2933), has an evolutionary history that shows the neutron star component formed during an ultra-stripped supernova. The binary has orbital elements that are similar both in period and in eccentricity to one of 14 Be X-Ray binaries that have both known orbital periods and eccentricities. The identification of the progenitors systems for ultra-stripped supernovae is necessary as their evolution pathways leads to the formation of a binary neutron star systems. Binary neutron stars, such as the system that produced the kilonova GW170817 that was observed with both electromagnetic and gravitational energy, are known to produce a large quantity of heavy elements.
description: published in Nature, February 1, 2023
Boffo Vanna, Le relazioni educative: tra comunicazione e cura. Autori e testi. Milano: Apogeo (2011)
Creators: name: Bergamini, Roberta
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: .
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Collective frequency variation in network synchronization and reverse PageRank
Creators: name: Arenas, Alex
name: Sun, Jie
name: Taylor, Dane
name: Skardal, Per Sebastian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A wide range of natural and engineered phenomena rely on large networks of interacting units to reach a dynamical consensus state where the system collectively operates. Here we study the dynamics of self-organizing systems and show that for generic directed networks the collective frequency of the ensemble is not the same as the mean of the individuals’ natural frequencies. Specifically, we show that the collective frequency equals a weighted average of the natural frequencies, where the weights are given by an out-flow centrality measure that is equivalent to a reverse PageRank centrality. Our findings uncover an intricate dependence of the collective frequency on both the structural directedness and dynamical heterogeneity of the network, and also reveal an unexplored connection between synchronization and PageRank, which opens the possibility of applying PageRank optimization to synchronization. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of collective frequency variation in real-world networks by considering the UK and Scandinavian power grids.
Advancing Hungarian Text Processing with HuSpaCy: Efficient and Accurate NLP Pipelines
Creators: name: Orosz, György
name: Szabó, Gergő
name: Berkecz, Péter
name: Szántó, Zsolt
name: Farkas, Richárd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50

description: This paper presents a set of industrial-grade text processing models for Hungarian that achieve near state-of-the-art performance while balancing resource efficiency and accuracy. Models have been implemented in the spaCy framework, extending the HuSpaCy toolkit with several improvements to its architecture. Compared to existing NLP tools for Hungarian, all of our pipelines feature all basic text processing steps including tokenization, sentence-boundary detection, part-of-speech tagging, morphological feature tagging, lemmatization, dependency parsing and named entity recognition with high accuracy and throughput. We thoroughly evaluated the proposed enhancements, compared the pipelines with state-of-the-art tools and demonstrated the competitive performance of the new models in all text preprocessing steps. All experiments are reproducible and the pipelines are freely available under a permissive license.
description: Submitted to TSD 2023 Conference
Entanglement, noise, and the cumulant expansion
Creators: name: Porter, William J.
name: Drut, Joaquín E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We put forward a simpler and improved variation of a recently proposed method to overcome the signal-to-noise problem found in Monte Carlo calculations of the entanglement entropy of interacting fermions. The present method takes advantage of the approximate log-normal distributions that characterize the signal-to-noise properties of other approaches. In addition, we show that a simple rewriting of the formalism allows circumvention of the inversion of the restricted one-body density matrix in the calculation of the nth Rényi entanglement entropy for n>2. We test our technique by implementing it in combination with the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm and calculating the n=2,3,4,⋯,10 Rényi entropies of the one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model. We use that data to extrapolate to the von Neumann (n=1) and n→∞ cases.
Population dynamics of Protea nitida and Protea arborea in the Cederberg, site 3219AC/7
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
population dynamics
Protea nitida
Protea arborea
Cederberg

description: This is a scanned copy of the population dynamics of Protea nitida and Protea arborea in the Cederberg, site 3219AC/7. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species.    Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape.   SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of wandering intermediate-mass black holes considering the anisotropic radiation and dust sublimation
Creators: name: Ogata, Erika
name: Ohsuga, Ken
name: Fukushima, Hajime
name: Yajima, Hidenobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations, we study Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion onto intermediate-mass black holes (BHs) wandering in the dusty gas. Here, we take into account the anisotropic radiation feedback and the sublimation of dust grains. Our simulations show that when the relative velocity between the BH and the gas is small (~20 km/s) and gas density is ~10^4/cm^3, the gas mainly accretes from near the equatorial plane of the accretion disk at a time-averaged rate of 0.6% of the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton rate. An ionized region like two spheres glued together at the equatorial plane is formed, and the dense shock shell appears near the ionization front. The BH is accelerated at ~10^-8cm/s^2 due to the gravity of the shell. For denser gas (~10^6/cm^3), the time-averaged accretion rate is also 0.6% of the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton rate.However, the BH is decelerated at ~10^-7cm/s^2 due to gravity of the dense downstream gas although the dense shock shell appears upstream. Our simulations imply that intermediate-mass BHs in the early universe keep floating at > several 10km/s without increasing mass in interstellar gas with density of ~10^4/cm^3, and slow down and grow into supermassive BHs in galaxies with the density of ~10^6/cm^3.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Reanalysis of the electrode polarization in electrolytic cells limited by blocking electrodes
Creators: name: Barbero,
name: Macdonald, J. Ross
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We evaluate the effect of ions on the electric response of an insulting liquid by means of the total electric polarization induced in a cell by an external field. The limiting surfaces are assumed blocking and identical and the ions pointike nonpolarizable charged particles. The analysis is limited to the case where the selective ionic adsorption is absent, in such a manner that in the absence of external electric field the sample is locally and globally neutral. We obtain formulas for the effective dielectric constant renormalized by the presence of the ions in the absence and presence of adsorption from the surfaces. Our results coincide with those obtained by means of the electric impedance of the cell. From the coincidence of the results relevant to the effective dielectric constant we infer that the ions in an insulating liquid do not have a conductive or dielectric nature. They are just electric charges dissolved in an insulating liquid.
Deformed aerogels in the superfluid 3He
Creators: name: Fomin, I. A.
name: Surovtsev, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deformed aerogels induce a global anisotropy in the superfluid 3He and orient the orbital part of its order parameter. Here a phenomenological theory of the orientational effect of elastic deformations of aerogels on the superfluid phases of 3He in the spirit of conventional theory of elasticity is formulated. Phenomenological coefficients, entering basic relations, depend on properties of given aerogel in the non-deformed state. Examples of originally isotropic silica aerogel and axially symmetric "nematically ordered" aerogel are considered. Values of phenomenological coefficients are estimated with the aid of a simple microscopic model. An example of a nonuniform deformation of "nematically ordered" aerogel is discussed.
description: 7 pages
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Cape Peninsula Hospital Bend D Bottom soil moisture station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Fynbos Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Cape Peninsula
Hydrological
Soil Moisture Probe
Soil moisture
soil temperature

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at Cape Peninsula's Hospital Bend D Bottom soil moisture station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
A multi-sensory methodological approach for science learning
Creators: name: Bossio, Eugenia Lucia
name: Rizzuti, Costantino
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: This paper presents both a learning environment aimed at science education and the results obtained at the end of its experimentation carried out in a secondary school. The edutainment environment has been designed to explain the physical theory of superstrings, and it was mainly based on the construction of artifacts and on the manipulation of digital media. In order to both intrigue students and make interesting and appealing this complex subject of physics we have tried to stimulate and engage students in a multi-sensory way through different approaches. It was outlined a path made by different steps to deal with the scientific issues addressed that would actively encourage a real translation of knowledge into skills and both different styles and ways of learning. Superstring theory was first presented through traditional approaches and, later, through the construction of metaphoric representations made by artifacts created by the students. The experimentation, conducted on a group of 20 students, allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of the environment. Un approccio multisensoriale per l’apprendimento delle scienze Questo articolo presenta un ambiente di apprendimento rivolto alla didattica delle scienze e i risultati ottenuti al termine della sua sperimentazione compiuta presso un istituto scolastico d’istruzione secondaria di primo grado. L’ambiente di edutainment è stato progettato per realizzare la divulgazione della teoria fisica delle superstringhe, ed è stato prevalentemente basato sulla costruzione di manufatti e sulla manipolazione di media digitali. Si è cercato di stimolare e coinvolgere gli alunni mediante approcci diversi e in maniera multisensoriale con l’obiettivo di incuriosirli rendendo interessante e accattivante questo complesso argomento della fisica. È stato delineato un percorso per gradi alle problematiche scientifiche affrontate che potesse attivamente stimolare sia i vari stili e modi di apprendimento, sia una reale trasposizione delle conoscenze in competenze. La teoria delle superstringhe è stata presentata prima attraverso approcci tradizionali e, in seguito, attraverso la costruzione di rappresentazioni metaforiche costituite da manufatti realizzati dagli studenti. La sperimentazione, condotta su un gruppo di 20 studenti, ha consentito il rilievo dell’efficacia di tale ambiente.
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Uniform asymptotic approximation of diffusion to a small target: Generalized reaction models
Creators: name: Newby, Jay
name: Isaacson, Samuel A.
name: Mauro, Ava J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The diffusion of a reactant to a binding target plays a key role in many biological processes. The reaction radius at which the reactant and target may interact is often a small parameter relative to the diameter of the domain in which the reactant diffuses. We develop uniform in time asymptotic expansions in the reaction radius of the full solution to the corresponding diffusion equations for two separate reactant-target interaction mechanisms: the Doi or volume reactivity model and the Smoluchowski-Collins-Kimball partial-absorption surface reactivity model. In the former, the reactant and target react with a fixed probability per unit time when within a specified separation. In the latter, upon reaching a fixed separation, they probabilistically react or the reactant reflects away from the target. Expansions of the solution to each model are constructed by projecting out the contribution of the first eigenvalue and eigenfunction to the solution of the diffusion equation and then developing matched asymptotic expansions in Laplace-transform space. Our approach offers an equivalent, but alternative, method to the pseudopotential approach we previously employed [Isaacson and Newby, Phys. Rev. E 88, 012820 (2013)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.88.012820] for the simpler Smoluchowski pure-absorption reaction mechanism. We find that the resulting asymptotic expansions of the diffusion equation solutions are identical with the exception of one parameter: the diffusion-limited reaction rates of the Doi and partial-absorption models. This demonstrates that for biological systems in which the reaction radius is a small parameter, properly calibrated Doi and partial-absorption models may be functionally equivalent.
VARIAZIONI DELLA SPESA ENERGETICA BASALE IN SOGGETTI ALLERGICI PRIMA E DURANTE TRATTAMENTO
Creators: name: LEONE, LUDOVICA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Growth impairment has been reported in children with food allergies (FA). However, the available data on the dietary intake of FA children are controversial, and no data are available for children under 3 years of age on their resting energy expenditure (REE). The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status, through anthropometric parameters, and estimate the energy expenditure in children with FA before and during treatment. In this study, 30 FA children were matched by sex and age, with 20 healthy controls. Anthropometric parameters were evaluated by measuring weight, length/height, BMI, relative percentiles and Z-scores. Their REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC). Energy and macronutrient intake were evaluated using a three-day food diary. Anthropometrics parameters of FA children were unbalanced at enrollment compared to healthy children of the same age. All parameters (weight-height, weight-age, height-age and BMI-age z-score) normalized after 6 months of dietary treatment. The TEE (Total Energy Expenditure) of FA children, obtained from the REE measured with indirect calorimetry, was significantly higher than the caloric intake calculated with the food diary. In addition, the REE of FA children measured with indirect calorimetry was also significantly higher than the basal metabolic rate predicted with the Harris-Benedict equation. Nutritional evaluation and regular dietary follow-up are fundamental in FA children to ensure a balanced growth. On the basis of the results of this study, the measurement of basal metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry would always be appropriate and always recommended in the management of children with FA. This is one of the first research works that characterize the nutritional status of FA children through the use of anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic (indirect calorimetry) methodologies to obtain a complete approach and treat this pathology in a personalized way.
Start App: a coding experience between primary and secondary school
Creators: name: Bruni, Filippo
name: D'Onofrio, Luigi
name: Nisdeo, Michela
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: The paper presents a coding experience in primary school (“Colozza” in Campobasso). Within the theoretical framework offered by computational thinking, using App Inventor, it was created a calculator for smartphone in the Android environment. High school students (from a technical secondary school) guided the pupils in primary school, making an interesting form of cooperation between primary and secondary schools. Start App: una esperienza di coding tra scuola primaria e scuola secondaria Il contributo presenta una esperienza di coding nella scuola primaria dell’Istituto Comprensivo statale “Colozza” di Campobasso. All’interno della cornice teorica offerta dal pensiero computazionale, utilizzando App Inventor, è stata realizzata una calcolatrice per smartphone in ambiente Android. A guidare gli allievi della primaria sono stati gli studenti dell’Istituto Tecnico Industriale “Marconi” di Campobasso realizzando una interessante forma di collaborazione tra istituti scolastici di ordine diverso.
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Crystal structure optimisation using an auxiliary equation of state
Creators: name: Jackson, Adam J.
name: Skelton, Jonathan M.
name: Hendon, Christopher H.
name: Butler, Keith T.
name: Walsh, Aron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard procedures for local crystal-structure optimisation involve numerous energy and force calculations. It is common to calculate an energy-volume curve, fitting an equation of state around the equilibrium cell volume. This is a computationally intensive process, in particular for low-symmetry crystal structures where each isochoric optimisation involves energy minimisation over many degrees of freedom. Such procedures can be prohibitive for non-local exchange-correlation functionals or other 'beyond' density functional theory electronic structure techniques, particularly where analytical gradients are not available. We present a simple approach for efficient optimisation of crystal structures based on a known equation of state. The equilibrium volume can be predicted from one single-point calculation, and refined with successive calculations if required. The approach is validated for PbS, PbTe, ZnS and ZnTe using nine density functionals, and applied to the quaternary semiconductor Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$ and the magnetic metal-organic framework HKUST-1.
The effect of different In$_2$O$_3$(111) surface terminations on CO$_2$ adsorption
Creators: name: Gericke, Sabrina M.
name: Kauppinen, Minttu M.
name: Wagner, Margareta
name: Riva, Michele
name: Franceschi, Giada
name: Posada-Borbón, Alvaro
name: Rämisch, Lisa
name: Pfaff, Sebastian
name: Rheinfrank, Erik
name: Imre, Alexander M.
name: Preobrajenski, Alexei B.
name: Appelfeller, Stephan
name: Blomberg, Sara
name: Merte, Lindsay R.
name: Zetterberg, Johan
name: Diebold, Ulrike
name: Grönbeck, Henrik
name: Lundgren, Edvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In$_2$O$_3$-based catalysts have shown high activity and selectivity for CO$_2$ hydrogenation to methanol, however the origin of the high performance of In$_2$O$_3$ is still unclear. To elucidate the initial steps of CO$_2$ hydrogenation over In$_2$O$_3$, we have combined X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study the adsorption of CO$_2$ on the In$_2$O$_3$(111) crystalline surface with different terminations, namely the stoichiometric, the reduced, and the hydroxylated surface, respectively. The combined approach confirms that the reduction of the surface results in the formation of In ad-atoms and that water dissociates on the surface at room temperature. A comparison of the experimental spectra and the computed core-level-shifts (using methanol and formic acid as benchmark molecules) suggests that CO$_2$ adsorbs as a carbonate on all surface terminations. We find that CO$_2$ adsorption is hindered by hydroxyl groups on the hydroxylated surface.
description: 49 pages, 18 figures
Strong Coupling Running, Gauge Coupling Unification and the Scale of New Physics
Creators: name: Bourilkov, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent unification of gauge couplings in Grand Unified Theories around 10$^{16}$ GeV is one of the strong arguments in favor of Supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. In this paper, an analysis of the measurements of the strong coupling running from the CMS experiment at the LHC is combined with a "traditional" gauge coupling unification analysis using data at the Z peak. This approach places powerful constraints on the possible scales of new physics and on the parameters around the unification scale. A supersymmetric analysis without GUT threshold corrections describes the CMS data well and provides perfect unification. The favored scales are $M_{SUSY}\ =\ 2820\ +670\ -540$ GeV and $M_{GUT}\ =\ 1.05 \pm 0.06 \cdot 10^{16}$ GeV. For zero or small threshold corrections the scale of new physics may be well within LHC reach.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Oral health among refugees and asylum seekers utilizing Médecins du Monde clinics in mainland Greece, 2016–2017
Creators: name: Scales, Sarah Elizabeth
name: Vora, Bhumi
name: Loftus, Kyle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Isospin-violating dark-matter-nucleon scattering via two-Higgs-doublet-model portals
Creators: name: Drozd, Aleksandra
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Gunion, John F.
name: Jiang, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in a multi-Higgs model in which one Higgs fits the LHC 125 GeV state, one or more of the other Higgs bosons can mediate DM-nucleon interactions with maximal DM isospin violation being possible for appropriate Higgs-quark couplings, independent of the nature of DM. We then consider the explicit example of a Type II two-Higgs-doublet model, identifying the h or H as the 125 GeV state while the H or h, respectively, mediates DM-nucleon interactions. Finally, we show that if a stable scalar, S, is added then it can be a viable light DM candidate with correct relic density while obeying all direct and indirect detection limits.
description: Two subsections are added to address the collider bounds from direct search for heavy Higgs bosons and from jet plus missing energy final states. The LUX (2013) bound considered in the previous version is replaced by the latest LUX (2016) bound and the SuperCDMS limit is taken into account. The conclusions remain unchanged. A very minor change made in the title and new references included
Solar coronal density turbulence and magnetic field strength at the source regions of two successive metric type II radio bursts
Creators: name: Ramesh, R.
name: Kathiravan, C.
name: Kumari, Anshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report spectral and polarimeter observations of two weak, low frequency (${\approx}$85-60\,MHz) solar coronal type II radio bursts that occurred on 2020 May 29 within a time interval ${\approx}$2\,min. The bursts had fine structures, and were due to harmonic plasma emission. Our analysis indicates that the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks responsible for the 1st and 2nd type II bursts were generated by the leading edge (LE) of an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux rope/coronal mass ejection (CME) and interaction of its flank with a neighbouring coronal structure, respectively. The CME deflected from the radial direction by ${\approx}25^{\arcdeg}$ during propagation in the near-Sun corona. The estimated power spectral density (PSD) and magnetic field strength ($B$) near the location of the 1st burst at heliocentric distance $r{\approx}1.35R_{\odot}$ are $\rm {\approx}2{\times}10^{-3}\,W^{2}m$ and ${\approx}$1.8\,G, respectively. The corresponding values for the 2nd burst at the same $r$ are $\rm {\approx}10^{-3}\,W^{2}m$ and ${\approx}$0.9\,G. The significant spatial scales of the coronal turbulence at the location of the two type II bursts are ${\approx}$62\,-\,1\,Mm. Our conclusions from the present work are that the turbulence and magnetic field strength in the coronal region near the CME LE are higher compared to the corresponding values close to its flank. The derived estimates of the two parameters correspond to the same $r$ for both the CME LE and its flank, with a delay of ${\approx}$2\,min for the latter.
description: 11 Pages, 4 Figures, Published in The Astrophysical Journal
Geoff Petty, Evidence-based teaching: a practical approach. Second edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes (2009)
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Marta
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2016

description: .
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2016): Teaching methods for science and technology in schools
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the SIBHAYI SIB02 station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Sibhayi
Hydrological
Pressure transducer
Ground Water level

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at SIBHAYI's SIB02 station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
The classification and categorisation of Gamma-Ray Bursts with machine learning techniques for neutrino detection
Creators: name: Kruiswijk, Karlijn
name: de Wasseige, Gwenhaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While Gamma-Ray Burst (GRBs) are clear and distinct observed events, every individual GRB is unique. In fact, GRBs are known for their variable behaviour, and BATSE was already able to discover two categories of GRB from the T90 distribution; the short and long GRBs. These two categories match up with the expected two types of GRB progenitors. Nowadays, more features have been found to be able to further distinguish them, such as the hardness ratio or the presence of supernovae. However, that does not mean that it is by any means simple to categorise individual GRBs. Furthermore, more GRB categories have been theorised as well, such as low-luminosity or X-ray-rich GRBs. These different types of GRBs also could indicate a different neutrino spectrum, with different types of GRBs more likely to emit higher amounts of neutrinos. We present an ongoing effort to use machine learning to categorise and classify GRBs, searching for subpopulations that could yield a larger neutrino flux. We specifically use unsupervised learning, as it allows hidden patterns and correlations to come to light. With the help of features such as the T90, hardness, fluence, SNR, spectral index and even the full light curve and spectra, different structures and categories of Gamma-Ray bursts can be found.
description: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023)
Energy and Vorticity Spectra in Turbulent Superfluid $^4$He from $T=0$ to $T_λ$
Creators: name: Boué, Laurent
name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Nagar, Yotam
name: Nazarenko, Sergey V.
name: Pomyalov, Anna
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: PACS number(s): 67.25.dk

description: We discuss the energy and vorticity spectra of turbulent superfluid $^4$He in all the temperature range from $T=0$ up to the phase transition "$λ$ point", $T_λ\simeq 2.17\,$K. Contrary to classical developed turbulence in which there are only two typical scales, i.e. the energy injection $L$ and the dissipation scales $η$, here the quantization of vorticity introduces two additional scales, i.e the vortex core radius $a_0$ and the mean vortex spacing $\ell$. We present these spectra for the super- and normal-fluid components in the entire range of scales from $L$ to $a_0$ including the cross-over scale $\ell$ where the hydrodynamic eddy-cascade is replaced by the cascade of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. At this scale a bottleneck accumulation of the energy was found earlier at $T=0$. We show that even very small mutual friction dramatically suppresses the bottleneck effect due to the dissipation of the Kelvin waves. Using our results for the spectra we estimate the Vinen "effective viscosity" $ν'$ in the entire temperature range and show agreement with numerous experimental observation for $ν'(T)$.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Enhanced Detectability of Community Structure in Multilayer Networks through Layer Aggregation
Creators: name: Taylor, Dane
name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Stanley, Natalie
name: Shai, Saray
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Many systems are naturally represented by a multilayer network in which edges exist in multiple layers that encode different, but potentially related, types of interactions, and it is important to understand limitations on the detectability of community structure in these networks. Using random matrix theory, we analyze detectability limitations for multilayer (specifically, multiplex) stochastic block models (SBMs) in which L layers are derived from a common SBM. We study the effect of layer aggregation on detectability for several aggregation methods, including summation of the layers’ adjacency matrices for which we show the detectability limit vanishes as 𝒪(L−1/2) with increasing number of layers, L. Importantly, we find a similar scaling behavior when the summation is thresholded at an optimal value, providing insight into the common—but not well understood—practice of thresholding pairwise-interaction data to obtain sparse network representations.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the Cathedral Peak Weir 06 station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Cathedral Peak
Hydrological
Pressure transducers OTT & CS
Streamflow
Water temperature

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at Cathedral Peak's Weir 06 station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Quantum interference between non-identical single particles
Creators: name: Su, Keyu
name: Zhong, Yi
name: Zhang, Shanchao
name: Li, Jianfeng
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
name: Wang, Yunfei
name: Yan, Hui
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum interference between identical single particles reveals the intrinsic quantum statistic nature of particles, which could not be interpreted through classical physics. Here, we demonstrate quantum interference between non-identical bosons using a generalized beam splitter based on a quantum memory. The Hong-Ou-Mandel type interference between single photons and single magnons with high visibility is demonstrated, and the crossover from the bosonic to fermionic quantum statistics is observed by tuning the beam splitter to be non-Hermitian. Moreover, multi-particle interference that simulates the behavior of three fermions by three input photons is realized. Our work extends the understanding of the quantum interference effects and demonstrates a versatile experimental platform for studying and engineering quantum statistics of particles.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
GANravel: User-Driven Direction Disentanglement in Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Evirgen, Noyan
name: Chen, Xiang 'Anthony'
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have many application areas including image editing, domain translation, missing data imputation, and support for creative work. However, GANs are considered 'black boxes'. Specifically, the end-users have little control over how to improve editing directions through disentanglement. Prior work focused on new GAN architectures to disentangle editing directions. Alternatively, we propose GANravel a user-driven direction disentanglement tool that complements the existing GAN architectures and allows users to improve editing directions iteratively. In two user studies with 16 participants each, GANravel users were able to disentangle directions and outperformed the state-of-the-art direction discovery baselines in disentanglement performance. In the second user study, GANravel was used in a creative task of creating dog memes and was able to create high-quality edited images and GIFs.
First-Passage Time to Clear the Way for Receptor-Ligand Binding in a Crowded Environment
Creators: name: Allard, Jun
name: Newby, Jay
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Certain biological reactions, such as receptor-ligand binding at cell-cell interfaces and macromolecules binding to biopolymers, require many smaller molecules crowding a reaction site to be cleared. Examples include the T-cell interface, a key player in immunological information processing. Diffusion sets a limit for such cavitation to occur spontaneously, thereby defining a time scale below which active mechanisms must take over. We consider N independent diffusing particles in a closed domain, containing a subregion with N_{0} particles, on average. We investigate the time until the subregion is empty, allowing a subsequent reaction to proceed. The first-passage time is computed using an efficient exact simulation algorithm and an asymptotic approximation in the limit that cavitation is rare. In this limit, we find that the mean first-passage time is subexponential, T∝e^{N_{0}}/N_{0}^{2}. For the case of T-cell receptors, we find that stochastic cavitation is exceedingly slow, 10^{9} s at physiological densities; however, it can be accelerated to occur within 5 s with only a fourfold dilution.
Total torsion of three-dimensional lines of curvature
Creators: name: Raffaelli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A04 (Primary) 53A07, 53C40 (Secondary)

description: A curve $γ$ in a Riemannian manifold $M$ is three-dimensional if its torsion (signed second curvature function) is well-defined and all higher-order curvatures vanish identically. In particular, when $γ$ lies on an oriented hypersurface $S$ of $M$, we say that $γ$ is well positioned if the curve's principal normal, its torsion vector, and the surface normal are everywhere coplanar. Suppose that $γ$ is three-dimensional and closed. We show that if $γ$ is a well-positioned line of curvature of $S$, then its total torsion is an integer multiple of $2π$; and that, conversely, if the total torsion of $γ$ is an integer multiple of $2π$, then there exists an oriented hypersurface of $M$ in which $γ$ is a well-positioned line of curvature. Moreover, under the same assumptions, we prove that the total torsion of $γ$ vanishes when $S$ is convex. This extends the classical total torsion theorem for spherical curves.
description: 8 pages, no figures. Accepted version
The Harmonic Oscillator in the Classical Limit of a Minimal-Length Scenario
Creators: name: Quintela, T. S.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Nogueira, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we explicitly solve the problem of the harmonic oscillator in the classical limit of a minimal-length scenario. We show that (i) the motion equation of the oscillator is not linear anymore because the presence of a minimal length introduces an anarmonic term and (ii) its motion is described by a Jacobi sine elliptic function. Therefore the motion is periodic with the same amplitude and with the new period depending on the minimal length. This result (the change in the period of oscillation) is very important since it enables us to find in a quite simple way the most relevant effect of the presence of a minimal length and consequently traces of the Planck-scale physics. We show applications of our results in spectroscopy and gravity.
description: Accepted for publication in Brazilian Journal of Physics