cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward Realistic Dosimetry In Vitro: Determining Effective Concentrations of Test Substances in Cell Culture and Their Prediction by an In Silico Mass Balance Model
Creators: name: Dimitrijevic, Dunja
name: Fabian, Eric
name: Nicol, Beate
name: Funk-Weyer, Dorothee
name: Landsiedel, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Assays
subject: Cells
subject: Lipids
subject: Serum
subject: Water
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Nominal concentrations (CNom) in cell culture media are routinely used to define concentration–effect relationships in the in vitro toxicology. The actual concentration in the medium (CMedium) can be affected by adsorption processes, evaporation, or degradation of chemicals. Therefore, we measured the total and free concentration of 12 chemicals, covering a wide range of lipophilicity (log KOW −0.07–6.84), in the culture medium (CMedium) and cells (CCell) after incubation with Balb/c 3T3 cells for up to 48 h. Measured values were compared to predictions using an as yet unpublished in silico mass balance model that combined relevant equations from similar models published by others. The total CMedium for all chemicals except tamoxifen (TAM) were similar to the CNom. This was attributed to the cellular uptake of TAM and accumulation into lysosomes. The free (i.e., unbound) CMedium for the low/no protein binding chemicals were similar to the CNom, whereas values of all moderately to highly protein-bound chemicals were less than 30% of the CNom. Of the 12 chemicals, the two most hydrophilic chemicals, acetaminophen (APAP) and caffeine (CAF), were the only ones for which the CCell was the same as the CNom. The CCell for all other chemicals tended to increase over time and were all 2- to 274-fold higher than CNom. Measurements of CCytosol, using a digitonin method to release cytosol, compared well with CCell (using a freeze–thaw method) for four chemicals (CAF, APAP, FLU, and KET), indicating that both methods could be used. The mass balance model predicted the total CMedium within 30% of the measured values for 11 chemicals. The free CMedium of all 12 chemicals were predicted within 3-fold of the measured values. There was a poorer prediction of CCell values, with a median overprediction of 3- to 4-fold. In conclusion, while the number of chemicals in the study is limited, it demonstrates the large differences between CNom and total and free CMedium and CCell, which were also relatively well predicted by the mass balance model.
Thin Film PV Manufacturing Scaling to Giga-Watt Capacity: Lessons Learned from the Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display Industries
Creators: name: Krick, D.
name: Weinzerl, H.
name: Behrens, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3665-3669
description: PV manufacturers must develop and optimize manufacturing operations to gain market share, take
advantage of economies of scale, and meet cost/watt business objectives. However, most manufacturers have limited
resources and their expertise is often focused on technology, finance, and operations – not on factory optimization.
Details of planning a state-of-the-art thin film PV manufacturing facility present a daunting logistical challenge, and
missteps during this process often impact a company’s bottom line. These challenges are magnified significantly as
manufacturers contemplate deploying manufacturing facilities at the very large (giga-watt) scale. In this paper, we
use our extensive facility planning and design experience in two mature industries similar to solar PV manufacturing
– semiconductor and flat panel (FPD) display manufacturing – to provide key “lessons learned” for planning thin
film PV manufacturing facilities. While this paper is targeted at manufacturers targeting very large (giga-watt scale)
thin-film facilities, it is also relevant for significantly smaller (>100MW) projects as well as silicon wafer projects.
Additionally, we introduce a "checklist" approach for owners to evaluate expansion plans.
Network Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Shunt Defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Modules
Creators: name: Misic, B.
name: Orgassa, K.
name: Schweitzer, U.
name: Müller, J.
name: Kuhn, C.
name: Manz, D.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3670-3675
description: We use a network simulation model with an equivalent circuit approach to simulate and predict the
effect of shunts in the P3-scribing line of the TCO front contact in a Cu(InGa)Se2 solar module. Efficiency loss and
change of I-V-parameters are calculated as a function of shunt density and module design. For a realistic set of input
parameters, simulated voltage and current of the module show distinctly different behaviour below and above a shunt
density value of about 40 shunts per meter. This behavior is related to the increasing fraction of total cell area that has
to deliver the shunt currents. For the same reason, many smaller shunts are more detrimental to the efficiency as one
large shunt for the same given total shunt width. In addition, the effect of cell width within the module was studied
showing a stronger impact of shunts on efficiency for module designs with smaller cell width.
Vorwort
Creators: name: Benoit, Pierre
name: Murphy, Roland E.
name: Iersel, Bastiaan Martinus Franciscus Van
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 12 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 12
New Procedure for P2 Laser Scribe Manufacturing in CIGS Solar Modules
Creators: name: Pellegrino, S.
name: Scorticati, D.
name: Caldironi, M.
name: Acciarri, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3654-3656
description: In this paper we report a novel laser shallow scribe approach where the material is not removed but a phase
modification in the material is induced by pulsed IR Fiber Laser, a process named “extended P2”. The approach can be
used for example in Cu(InGa)Se2 films structuring where the single cell interconnection is not obtained by absorber layer
removal followed by upper transparent conductive film deposition, but rather by changing Cu(InGa)Se2 film properties
from not electrical conductive to locally conductive layer.
As a result a number of advantages respect to more conventional techniques, like the absence of re-deposited material
near the scribe, it produces narrow scribe lines and, last but not least, it is performed with low average power, state of the
art pulsed IR Fiber Laser.
A grammar of Gyeli
Creators: name: Grimm, Nadine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gyeli
subject: language
subject: southern Cameroon
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: This grammar offers a grammatical description of the Ngòló variety of Gyeli, an endangered Bantu (A80) language spoken by 4,000-5,000 "Pygmy" hunter-gatherers in southern Cameroon. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. The grammatical description, which is couched in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli phonology to its information structure and complex clauses. It draws on nineteen months of fieldwork carried out as part of the "Bagyeli/Bakola" DoBeS (Documentation of Endangered Languages) project between 2010 and 2014. The resulting multimodal corpus from that project, which includes texts of diverse genres such as traditional stories, narratives, multi-party conversations and dialogues, procedural texts, and songs, provides the empirical basis for the grammatical description. The documentary text collection, supplemented by data from elicitation work, questionnaires, and experiments, are accessible in the Bagyeli/Bakola collection of The Language Archive. With additional ethnographic, sociolinguistic, diachronic, and comparative remarks, the grammar may appeal to a wider audience in general linguistics, typology, Bantu studies, and anthropology. In 2019, the grammar received the Pāṇini Award by the Association for Linguistic Typology.
Defect Termination of Flash-Lamp-Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Films by Undesorped Hydrogen Atoms
Creators: name: Ohdaira, K.
name: Nishikawa, T.
name: Ishii, S.
name: Tomura, N.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Matsumura, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3546-3548
description: Flash lamp annealing (FLA) can form micrometer-order-thick polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films on
glass substrates within its millisecond-order duration. This rapid annealing leads to the crystallization of amorphous
Si (a-Si) films without serious hydrogen (H) desorption from Si films, which results in the formation of poly-Si films
with high H concentration on the order of 1021 cm-3. The defect density of flash-lamp-crystallized (FLC) poly-Si
films effectively decreases after conventional furnace annealing at appropriate temperatures, whereas reversely
increases by annealing at excessively high temperatures. This tendency is consistent with previous results for the
minority carrier lifetimes of FLC poly-Si films estimated with microwave photoconductivity decay (μ-PCD). The
defect-terminated FLC poly-Si films demonstrate actual solar-cell operation, and their solar cell characteristics are
equivalent to or slightly better than those fabricated using FLC poly-Si films whose defects are passivated through
high-pressure water-vapor annealing (HPWVA). These facts clearly show the effectiveness of the termination of Si
dangling bonds by H atoms in remaining FLC poly-Si films.
Topological data analysis of truncated contagion maps
Creators: name: Klimm, Florian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: contagion maps
subject: truncation
subject: topological data analysis
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: The investigation of dynamical processes on networks has been one focus for the study of contagion processes. It has been demonstrated that contagions can be used to obtain information about the embedding of nodes in a Euclidean space. Specifically, one can use the activation times of threshold contagions to construct contagion maps as a manifold-learning approach. One drawback of contagion maps is their high computational cost. Here, we demonstrate that a truncation of the threshold contagions may considerably speed up the construction of contagion maps. Finally, we show that contagion maps may be used to find an insightful low-dimensional embedding for single-cell RNA-sequencing data in the form of cell-similarity networks and so reveal biological manifolds. Overall, our work makes the use of contagion maps as manifold-learning approaches on empirical network data more viable.
Performance and Productivity Improvements in Very Large Area Amorphous Silicon Modules
Creators: name: Fonrodona, M.
name: Santos, S.
name: Mata, C.
name: Vetter, M.
name: Andreu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3661-3664
description: Enhanced efficiency and cost reduction, both in module manufacturing and in installation, are the main
driving forces in the photovoltaic industry. T-Solar has specialized in the fabrication of thin film amorphous silicon
modules with sizes up to 5.7 m2. When compared to smaller (Quarter size, 1.43 m2) modules produced with the same
technology, the Full size (5.7 m2) modules result in higher stabilized efficiency (production average  = 6.6%) due to
better exploitation of the module area (3% higher active area ratio) without suffering from any non-homogeneity
effects that could be associated to the very large area. The very large area modules are also advantageous in terms of
manufacturing costs (savings in material costs) and installation (enhanced balance of system). Cost savings for Full
size modules summing up efficiency and material use benefits are of about 15% compared to Quarter size ones.
Contamination Control of Prediffusion Wet Chemistries
Creators: name: Frankhauser, J.
name: Johnson, M.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2108-2111
description: Throughout the photovoltaic industry, significant efforts in design and manufacturing are being made to
improve the efficiency of crystal-silicon photovoltaic cells. One factor affecting the performance of these cells is the
amount of metallic contamination found on the cells and the resulting impact on minority carrier lifetime. This paper
addresses the topic of particle and ionic contamination found in prediffusion wet process steps including the amount of
contamination that could be present in a system based on the wetted surface materials and recommendations for
minimizing and removing contamination.
Gender Bias in Urology: How Do Patients Really Choose Their Urologist?
Creators: name: Tamalunas, Alexander
name: Lenau, Philipp
name: Stadelnneier, Leo Federico
name: Mumm, Jan-Niclas
name: Vilsmaier, Theresa
name: Höhn, Henrik
name: Mumm, Maja-Lena
name: Waidelich, Raphaela
name: Casuscelli, Jozefina
name: Magistro, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gender
subject: sex
subject: urologist
subject: health economics
subject: health services research
subject: medical research
subject: patient-centered care
subject: person-centered medicine
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of patients’ and urologists’ gender when choosing a urologist. With rising population diversity through immigration and generational differences, patient-centered healthcare has recently moved to the focus of European healthcare systems. As healthcare in urology often concentrates on sensitive topics, and often involves gender-specific diseases, research on the influence of gender on decision-making processes is of high importance. Understanding influence of gender on patients’ choices in real life would provide patients, and physicians alike, with the means to provide better resources to achieve greater satisfaction from visits to a urologist. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared, and patients at our tertiary referral center were given the opportunity to voluntarily participate in our survey. We collected questionnaires from 1012 patients during their visits from June 2021 to October 2021. Results: Patients were divided into groups according to their gender: male (n=763), female (n=246), and non-binary (n=3). Our patient cohort consisted of more men than women (75% vs 24%), with only three patients identifying as non-binary. Irrespective of the patients’ own gender, patients preferred a male urologist when problems were considered embarrassing, limiting daily activities, or when worrisome. When problems were considered painful, all patients preferred a female urologist. When patients had had a previous positive experience with a female or male urologist, they preferred to be treated by a female or male urologist, respectively. Overall, 65% of patients stated a gender preference for at least one given situation, or consultation scenario. Conclusion: As the majority of our patients stated a gender preference, urological departments should be considerate of potential patients’ preferences for urologist gender that may be based on the individual patient’s history, taking a comprehensive approach to fulfill the patients’ need for same gender urologists in educational hospitals and health care services.
Mono and Multi Crystalline Silicon –Supply Chain Analysis and BOS Impact
Creators: name: Fong, T.
name: Henley, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2114-2120
description: There is general recognition that higher Conversion Efficiency (CE) has benefits throughout the value
chain of PV manufacturing and system installation. However, typically cost sensitivity has driven the strong demand for
lower cost cells and panels. In general, mono-c-Si provides the opportunity for higher CE, as well as improved yield
from less wafer breakage. This paper presents the broader view supporting the notion of advantages for higher CE based
on the positive impact on the full value chain extended to electricity production. Higher CE benefits both $/W and LCOE
since there are benefits to increasing the CE even with some limited associated increase in manufacturing cost. The
advantages of mono with the higher CE are presented as well as some of the developing drivers for increased adoption.
In particular, the SiGen approach is highlighted for its ability to allow increased market penetration of mono with
additional advantages stemming from the intrinsic nature of the kerf-free wafers. These advantages include: low starting
poly Si material usage, the complete absence of micro-cracks, and improved TTV, as well as the ability to dramatically
lower the kg/W metric. A representative comparison to Diamond Wire is addressed. This paper will provide a descriptive
analysis of the crystalline silicon value chain. Even though the previous rapid market expansion favored the lower cost
multi-c-Si, it appears increasingly beneficial to implement mono-c-Si because of the various advantages.
A unified diagrammatic approach to topological fixed point models
Creators: name: Bauer, Andreas
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Wille, Carolin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: topological fixed point models
subject: systematic mathematical language
subject: unified diagrammatic approach
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We introduce a systematic mathematical language for describing fixed point models and apply it to the study to topological phases of matter. The framework established is reminiscent to that of state-sum models and lattice topological quantum field theories, but is formalized and unified in terms of tensor networks. In contrast to existing tensor network ansatzes for the study of ground states of topologically ordered phases, the tensor networks in our formalism directly represent discrete path integrals in Euclidean space-time. This language is more immediately related to the Hamiltonian defining the model than other approaches, via a Trotterization of the respective imaginary time evolution. We illustrate our formalism at hand of simple examples, and demonstrate its full power by expressing known families of models in 2+1 dimensions in their most general form, namely string-net models and Kitaev quantum doubles based on weak Hopf algebras. To elucidate the versatility of our formalism, we also show how fermionic phases of matter can be described and provide a framework for topological fixed point models in 3+1 dimensions.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Stapled Oligosaccharides
Creators: name: Ricardo, Manuel G.
name: Reuber, Emelie E.
name: Yao, Ling
name: Danglad-Flores, José
name: Delbianco, Martina
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Carbohydrates
subject: Chemical biology
subject: Metathesis
subject: Oligosaccharides
subject: Peptides and proteins
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Stapling short peptides to lock specific conformations and thereby obtain superior pharmacological properties is well established. However, similar concepts have not been applied to oligosaccharides. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of the first stapled oligosaccharides. Automated assembly of β-(1,6)-glucans equipped with two alkenyl side chains was followed by on-resin Grubbs metathesis for efficient ring closure with a variety of cross-linkers of different sizes. Oligosaccharide stapling increases enzymatic stability and cell penetration, therefore opening new opportunities for the use of glycans in medicinal chemistry.
Repository Guidelines
Creators: name: Edmunds, Rorie
name: Specht, Alison
name: Stall, Shelley
name: David, Romain
name: Mabile, Laurence
name: O'Brien, Margaret
name: Murayama, Yasuhiro
name: Correa, Pedro
name: Machicao, Jeaneth
name: Miyairi, Nobuko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: repository
selection
TRUST
FAIR
data
importance
benefit

description: This document, prepared by the Data Strand of the PARSEC project funded by the Belmont Forum, provides guidelines for researchers about the importance and benefits of data repositories, the risks if you choose the wrong repository for your data, suggestions for selection of the right, TRUSTed repository and where to find them. Version 2: the citation for this guideline was added to the end of the document.
description: This research is a product of the PARSEC consortium funded by the Belmont Forum as part of its Collaborative Research Action (CRA) on Science-Driven e-Infrastructures Innovation (SEI) with funding from the Agence Nationale de Research (ANR), France, the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant number 1929464, with support from the synthesis centre CESAB of the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity.
Feedback-related EEG dynamics separately reflect decision parameters, biases, and future choices
Creators: name: Kirschner, Hans
name: Fischer, Adrian G.
name: Ullsperger, Markus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: optimal decision making
subject: complex environments
subject: dynamic learning
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Optimal decision making in complex environments requires dynamic learning from unexpected events. To speed up learning, we should heavily weight information that indicates state-action-outcome contingency changes and ignore uninformative fluctuations in the environment. Often, however, unrelated information is hard to ignore and can potentially bias our learning. Here we used computational modelling and EEG to investigate learning behaviour in a modified probabilistic choice task that introduced two task-irrelevant factors that were uninformative for optimal task performance, but nevertheless could potentially bias learning: pay-out magnitudes were varied randomly and, occasionally, feedback presentation was enhanced by visual surprise. We found that participants’ overall good learning performance was biased by distinct effects of these non-normative factors. On the neural level, these parameters are represented in a dynamic and spatiotemporally dissociable sequence of EEG activity. Later in feedback processing the different streams converged on a central to centroparietal positivity reflecting a signal that is interpreted by downstream learning processes that adjust future behaviour.
Laser Marking of Solar Cells: Technologies and Potential
Creators: name: Krieg, A.
name: Rajsrima, N.
name: Rein, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2130-2134
description: In this work, laser marking processes for wafer identification have been investigated on monocrystalline
silicon wafers with respect to the laser-induced damage using small Data Matrix codes with a code size of
0.8 x 3.2 mm² and a brick slice code. The experiment focuses on the identification of shunts, the breakdown
characteristics and the recombination losses of Al BSF solar cells to check if a purely geometric specification of a
front-side marking is sufficient for the ongoing standardization procedure. The analysis of photoluminescence images
shows that recombination losses which affect the finished solar cell are only detectable after ARC. Thermography
revealed that a severe hot spot risk only arises for codes with the too deep structures. However, all laser marks
resulted in sites of slightly increased energy dissipation under reverse bias. So the proposed purely geometric SEMI
specification for Data Matrix codes at the front side of the cell seems to be sufficient to exclude marking-induced
efficiency losses in standard industrial solar.
Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from Germany by molecular and serological testing (2008–2021)
Creators: name: Schäfer, Ingo
name: Silaghi, Cornelia
name: Fischer, Susanne
name: Marsboom, Cedric
name: Hendrickx, Guy
name: Gehlen, Heidrun
name: Müller, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
subject: PCR
subject: IFAT
subject: Hematology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) is a tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum. In Germany, this pathogen is transmitted primarily by Ixodes ricinus. There is limited knowledge about its prevalence in horses in Germany. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the results of serological and molecular testing for A. phagocytophilum in horses which were done in a commercial laboratory in Germany over fourteen years. Additionally, risk factors were evaluated, and hematological abnormalities were addressed in horses with positive PCR results. Methods This retrospective study examined results of direct (Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and indirect (immunofluorescence antibody test [IFAT]) detection methods for A. phagocytophilum in horses on samples provided by German veterinarians and processed by the commercial laboratory LABOKLIN from 2008 to 2021. In horses with positive test results, a Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) were also analyzed where possible. Results In total, 1217/4834 horses tested positive (PCR: 190/1246 horses, 15.2%; IFAT: 1036/3849 horses, 26.9%). Seasonality and location, as classified by federal state, had a statistically significant impact on PCR results (P < 0.001 for both). In horses with positive PCR results, hematological abnormalities were detected in 112/118 horses (95%), with thrombocytopenia (86%) and anemia (52%) representing the most common findings. The remaining 6/118 horses (5%) showed no hematological abnormalities on CBC. SAA was measured in 35 horses with positive PCR results, which exclusively showed marked elevation. Conclusions The seasonality of A. phagocytophilum infections confirmed by PCR testing was consistent with known peaks in vector activity in Germany. The high rate of horses with positive PCR results when compared to dogs and cats may be due to a lack of ectoparasite prophylaxis. Infections with A. phagocytophilum should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with cytopenia on CBC and SAA elevation, especially in the summer and after any possible tick exposure.
Testing modified gravity and no-hair relations for the Kerr-Newman metric through quasi-periodic oscillations of galactic microquasars
Creators: name: Suvorov, Arthur George
name: Melatos, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D05

description: We construct multipole moments for stationary, asymptotically flat, spacetime solutions to higher-order curvature theories of gravity. The moments are defined using $3+1$ techniques involving timelike Killing vector constructions as in the classic papers by Geroch and Hansen. Using the fact that the Kerr-Newman metric is a vacuum solution to a particular class of $f(R)$ theories of gravity, we compute all its moments, and find that they admit recurrence relations similar to those for the Kerr solution in general relativity. It has been proposed previously that modelling the measured frequencies of quasi-periodic oscillations from galactic microquasars enables experimental tests of the no-hair theorem. We explore the possibility that, even if the no-hair relation is found to break down in the context of general relativity, there may be an $f(R)$ counterpart that is preserved. We apply the results to the microquasars GRS $1915$+$105$ and GRO J$1655$-$40$ using the diskoseismology and kinematic resonance models, and constrain the spins and `charges' [which are not really electric charges in the $f(R)$ context] of their black holes.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; Accepted for publication in PRD
Thin Si Solar Cell with Epitaxial N Type Absorber
Creators: name: Hao, R.
name: Murcia, C.P.
name: Shreve, K.
name: Lochtefeld, A.
name: Curtin, M.
name: Creazzo, T.
name: Gerger, A.
name: Leitz, C.
name: Barnett, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3606-3609
description: Thin silicon (Si) solar cells have the potential of having high performance due to lower bulk
recombination which leads to high open circuit voltage (Voc). N-type Si has been reported having the advantages of
longer lifetime, the surfaces being easier to passivate, no light-induced degradation and being less affected by metal
contamination. Thin Si solar cell structures based on an epitaxial n-type absorber have been studied in this work. The
solar cells results have been analyzed based on the current -voltage (I-V) measurements for planar silicon solar cells.
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) solar cell structure has been analyzed. PC1D software has been used to study the
Voc and efficiency as a function of n type and p type Si absorber thickness, respectively.
Cell-intrinsic ceramides determine T cell function during melanoma progression
Creators: name: Hose, Matthias
name: Günther, Anne
name: Naser, Eyad
name: Schumacher, Fabian
name: Schönberger, Tina
name: Falkenstein, Julia
name: Papadamakis, Athanasios
name: Kleuser, Burkhard
name: Becker, Katrin Anne
name: Gulbins, Erich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: sphingolipids
subject: T cells
subject: ceramide
subject: melanoma
subject: Mouse
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) and acid ceramidase (Ac) are parts of the sphingolipid metabolism. Asm hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which is further metabolized to sphingosine by Ac. Ceramide generates ceramide-enriched platforms that are involved in receptor clustering within cellular membranes. However, the impact of cell-intrinsic ceramide on T cell function is not well characterized. By using T cell-specific Asm- or Ac-deficient mice, with reduced or elevated ceramide levels in T cells, we identified ceramide to play a crucial role in T cell function in vitro and in vivo. T cell-specific ablation of Asm in Smpd1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Asm/CD4cre) mice resulted in enhanced tumor progression associated with impaired T cell responses, whereas Asah1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Ac/CD4cre) mice showed reduced tumor growth rates and elevated T cell activation compared to the respective controls upon tumor transplantation. Further in vitro analysis revealed that decreased ceramide content supports CD4+ regulatory T cell differentiation and interferes with cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, elevated ceramide concentration in CD8+ T cells from Ac/CD4cre mice was associated with enhanced cytotoxic activity. Strikingly, ceramide co-localized with the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD3 in the membrane of stimulated T cells and phosphorylation of TCR signaling molecules was elevated in Ac-deficient T cells. Hence, our results indicate that modulation of ceramide levels, by interfering with the Asm or Ac activity has an effect on T cell differentiation and function and might therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T cell-dependent diseases such as tumorigenesis.
Deoxyfluorination tunes the aggregation of cellulose and chitin oligosaccharides and highlights the role of specific hydroxyl groups in the crystallization process
Creators: name: Fittolani, Giulio
name: Djalali, Surusch
name: Chaube, Manishkumar A.
name: Tyrikos-Ergas, Theodore
name: Dal Colle, Marlene C. S.
name: Grafmüller, Andrea
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
name: Delbianco, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cellulose
subject: chitin
subject: polysaccharides
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Cellulose and chitin are abundant structural polysaccharides exploited by nature in a large number of applications thanks to their crystallinity. Chemical modifications are commonly employed to tune polysaccharide physical and mechanical properties, but generate heterogeneous mixtures. Thus, the effect of such modifications is not well understood at the molecular level. In this work, we examined how deoxyfluorination (site and pattern) impact the solubility and aggregation of well-defined cellulose and chitin oligomers. While deoxyfluorination increased solubility in water and lowered the crystallinity of cellulose oligomers, chitin was much less affected by the modification. The OH/F substitution also highlighted the role of specific hydroxyl groups in the crystallization process. This work provides guidelines for the design of cellulose- and chitin-based materials. A similar approach can be imagined to prepare cellulose and chitin analogues capable of withstanding enzymatic degradation.
Die Unentschiedenheit des christlichen Bewußtseins angesichts der gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen: Französisch Kanada
Creators: name: Lemaire, Paul-Marcel
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 11 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 11
Motivational dynamics of German Salafist jihadists: A multi-methodical in-depth study of three paradigmatic cases
Creators: name: Moeller, Mika Josephine
name: Langer, Phil C.
name: Scheithauer, Herbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: qualitative case study
subject: Salafist jihadism
subject: radicalization
subject: motivation
subject: cognitive dissonance
subject: in-depth hermeneutic
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Individuals belonging to terrorist organizations accept and often use violence as an instrument of their strategies to achieve their goals. The present study focuses on the motivational dynamics of three contrastively selected paradigmatic cases of extremists that grew up in Germany, joined and supported terrorist organizations abroad, and later disengaged and distanced themselves from the jihadist ideology. An innovative multi-methodical approach was applied to the interviews that combines a biographical reconstruction of the lived experiences with a psychoanalytically informed interpretation of the narratives. First, the biographical trajectories were analyzed on the manifest level: How have the former terrorists experienced their own pathways? What were relevant factors for their engagement in and disengagement from terrorism? Second, to gain a deeper understanding of the unconscious motivational dynamics for involvement in terrorism, key sequences of the narrative interviews were interpreted scenically in a psychoanalytical interpretation group: How did the interviewees express their lived experiences (and why in this particular way)? What latent meanings can be extrapolated that provide deep insights into the motivational backgrounds of their decisions? Based on the results of the triangulation process, characterizing structural hypotheses about case dynamics including protective and risk factors are presented and implications for prevention and intervention approaches are given.
Das christliche Bewußtsein und die kulturelle und menschliche Unterentwicklung in Brasilien
Creators: name: Lepargneur, Hubert
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 11 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 11
Source attribution of particulate matter in Berlin
Creators: name: Pültz, Joscha
name: Banzhaf, Sabine
name: Thürkow, Markus
name: Kranenburg, Richard
name: Schaap, Martijn
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemistry-transport model
subject: Source attribution
subject: Coarse mode
subject: Urban increment
subject: Lenschow-approach
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The exposure to ambient particulate matter in metropolitan areas is a major health problem. A prerequisite for formulating effective mitigation strategies it to understand the origin of particulate matter in terms of source regions and sectors. We performed a source attribution of particulate matter (PM) for the Berlin agglomeration area covering the period from 2016 to 2018 using the LOTOS-EUROS chemistry transport model. The (3 year-) mean modelled urban background PM2.5 concentration (10.4 μg/m³) is largely explained by households (3.2 μg/m³) and industry & energy (2.0 μg/m³), while the remaining source sectors contribute the other half. The modelled annual mean urban increment for PM2.5 is mainly attributed to households (1.6 μg/m³) and traffic (0.5 μg/m³). With respect to its relative shares the PM10 source attribution looks similar to that of PM2.5 throughout the year, but with enhanced natural contributions. From a geographical perspective the main source area for the PM2.5 in Berlin is Germany (5.1 μg/m³) itself, followed by the contributions from transboundary transport (3.4 μg/m³). The German sources could be further split into Berlin (2.6 μg/m³), Brandenburg (0.7 μg/m³) and remaining states of Germany (1.8 μg/m³). About one third of the foreign shares can be attributed to Germany's neighbouring countries Poland and Czech Republic. During episodes these contributions can significantly differ, e.g. in February 2017 the Polish contribution is about 1/3rd. The sectoral contributions agree with previous findings except that our study indicates lower contributions for traffic. The model's underestimation of total PM is largely caused by an underestimation of the coarse mode PM. Both the coarse mode urban increment as well as the regional background concentrations are underestimated by the model, especially during summer. We suggest that the enhanced coarse material (in the city) during warm seasons is predominated by (road) resuspension processes which need more of our attention to further improve our models.
Mechanical Characterization of Epitaxial Wafer Equivalents from Block Casting to Thin Film Deposition
Creators: name: Orellana Pérez, T.
name: Funke, C.
name: Fütterer, W.
name: Wagner, T.
name: Riepe, S.
name: Reber, S.
name: Möller, H.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3619-3625
description: The epitaxial wafer equivalent concept promises to reduce the cost for photovoltaic solar energy
conversion. For this purpose, less expensive substrates of upgraded metallurgical silicon (UMG-Si) are used as a
mechanical support for the epitaxial cell. In the presented paper the mechanical strength of substrates coming
from different positions of an UMG-Si ingot was investigated. The investigation of mechanical strength was
performed after block crystallization, multi-wire sawing of the wafers and after depositing a 20 μm crystalline
thin film until the production of an epitaxial wafer equivalent. UMG-Si substrates and epitaxial wafer equivalents
were tested with the ring on ring bending test. To interpret the results IR-transmission and scanning electron
microscopy, impurity concentration measurements and residual stress measurements were done on selected
wafers. It could be shown that the presence of precipitates in the silicon matrix has a strong influence on the
mechanical strength of the wafers. UMG-Si as well as industry standard Cz-Si and mc-Si showed less mechanical
strength after epitaxial processes. This could be due either to a change in microstructure of the substrate or to
thermal stresses introduced during the high temperature process. The deposition of the crystalline silicon thin film
did not decrease the mechanical strength of the epitaxial wafer equivalent. It could be concluded that the UMG-Si
investigated in this work shows sufficient mechanical strength for manufacturing epitaxial wafer equivalents.
8.5% Efficiency for Thin-Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells: A Study of Hydrogen Plasma Passivation
Creators: name: Qiu, Y.
name: Kunz, O.
name: Venkatachalam, S.
name: Van Gestel, D.
name: Egan, R.
name: Gordon, I.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3633-3637
description: Thin polycrystalline silicon layers were made using aluminum induced crystallization and thermal
CVD epitaxy. Two types of hydrogen plasma, direct plasma and remote plasma, were used to passivate defects in the
layer and were compared at solar cell level. The remote plasma results in higher hydrogen concentration in the Si
layers and higher short circuit currents compared to the direct plasma hydrogenation. In addition, solar cell results
suggest that the hydrogen plasma introduces damages to the surface layer of the pc-Si and lead to the deterioration of
Voc. Therefore a surface texturing using SF6/N2O plasma was carried out to remove any possible damages. For direct
plasma hydrogenation, not only the cell current but also the open circuit voltage and the fill factor are greatly
improved using the sequence “hydrogenation + texturing”. For remote plasma hydrogenation, the sample position is
crucial to achieve the high open circuit. At distance close to the plasma, the sample surface suffers from the plasma
damage and the post-hydrogenation texturing is necessary to obtain high voltage. At distance far from the plasma, the
damage can be avoided. A new efficiency record of 8.5% for thin film AIC solar cells has been achieved with remote
plasma hydrogenation.
In-Line High-Rate Deposition of Aluminum Onto RISE Solar Cells by Electron Beam Technology
Creators: name: Heinß, J.-P.
name: Mader, C.
name: Merkle, A.
name: Brendemühl, T.
name: Brendel, R.
name: Ehlers, L.
name: Meyer, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2121-2124
description: This paper presents results on the contact formation to Rear Interdigitated Single Evaporation Emitter
Wrap Through (RISE EWT) solar cells by electron beam high-rate evaporation of aluminum. In stationary
depositions water cooled copper crucible and ceramic crucibles were used. The ceramic crucibles were found to be
best suitable when regarding the electron beam power and the upper limit of the solar cell temperature of 400 °C.
Using an in-line high-rate deposition equipment 20 μm-thick aluminum layers were deposited at dynamic deposition
rates of 3.6 μm×m/min from ceramic crucibles onto RISE EWT solar cells. The cell temperature during deposition
was measured and analyzed using 2-dimensional finite-element (FEM) simulations. The processed RISE EWT solar
cells present efficiencies of up to 18.4 %, which equals the cell efficiencies of reference solar cells that are contacted
at lower deposition rates at lab scale.
Novel Methode for Preparation of Interdigitated Back Contacted a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Scherff, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2125-2129
description: We present a novel method for structuring Emitter and BSF areas of interdigitated back contacted
silicon heterojunction solar cells (IBC-HJ). The method combines the benefits of in-line capability with vacuum
processes only, reusable masks, self alignment and furthermore an easy and extreme safe wafer handling. It is
based on plasma etching of passivation layers and a following layer deposition procedure via openings in a
mechanical masking. The exceptional way how the reusable masks are attached to the sample provides accurate
masking over large area. By overlaying two masks the wafer can remain underneath the lower masking, which also
works as a sample holder during all the structuring steps while, if necessary, the upper mask is exchanged for each
particular process step. This provides an extreme safe wafer handling along all the IBC-HJ specific process steps,
highly recommended for very thin wafers. This allows processing the different layers (e.g. emitter, BSF, TCO,
metal) structures without the need to touch the wafer after each step. Furthermore a mechanical self aligning of the
mask-stacks can be applied in mass production. First test structures are shown and cost estimation for IBC-HJ solar
cells is presented.
Thin-Film Polycrystalline-Silicon Solar Mini-Modules on Non-Silicon Substrates
Creators: name: Vanleenhove, A.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Van Gestel, D.
name: Gordon, I.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3626-3629
description: A new method, comprising a monolithic process flow and interdigitated contact design, is proposed for
the fabrication of thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar modules on top of alumina or glass-ceramic substrates. The
process flow is short and simple, consisting of epitaxial growth on a crystallized seed layer, emitter growth, laser
grooving or etching in order to define cell areas, base contacting, cell isolation and combined cell-to-cell and emitter
contacting. First module measurements showed no losses due to mini-module processing when compared to cell
results, except for an increase in series resistance.