cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study of back-diffusion in the nickel-base single crystal superalloy RR-2100
Creators: name: Thirumalai, Anand
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Nickel-base superalloys have been an topic of active research for over five decades and the findings from various researchers worldwide have had a direct impact not only on different areas of materials science but also on applications thereof, in particular the aircraft industry, i.e. the aeroengine. One of the primary concerns of aircraft engine manufacturers has been the problem of microsegregation in turbine blade alloys. This phenomenon which is present in almost all cast products occurs due to the partitioning of solute between the solid and the liquid phases during solidification and is ultimately the source of several types of defects such freckling and white spots in castings resulting in rejection of defective products. Since microsegregation results in a heterogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the cast product it is deleterious to the component's thermo-mechanical properties as well as to its resistance to environmental attack. Thus, much of the current work in superalloy technology has been directed towards gaining a better understanding of microsegregation in different alloys through experimentation coupled with efforts leading towards finding a means of satisfactorily predicting its effects and also to a degree controlling it. Over the years efforts have culminated in many models of microsegregation having been developed for different alloy systems with reasonably acceptable predictive capacities. Nearly all of these models consider the phenomenon of back-diffusion in the solid which serves to reduce the degree of microsegregation in the final cast product by redistributing the solute during solidification. In Ni—base superalloys however, evidence for back diffusion is scarce and only a handful of models of microsegregation are available. The work contained in this thesis addresses the issue of obtaining experimental proof for back diffusion in a Ni—base single crystal superalloy. The study was also aimed at developing a suitable model to predict the microsegregation in the alloy. Directional solidification experiments were conducted in a Directional Solidification and Quench (DSQ) furnace for producing cast single crystal specimens of the alloy RR-2100 which were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the alloy's solidification behaviour and range. Electron—probe microanalysis (EPMA) experiments were conducted on specimens prepared in this way to obtain compositional data in the mushy zone. The raw data from these experiments were sorted and interpreted with the model of microsegregation. The agreement between the model's predictions and the experimental data were found to be reasonably good. The analysis revealed evidence for back diffusion in RR-2100 nickel-base single crystal superalloy and the measures of the diffusivities of the solutes obtained were found to be consistent with previous findings in the literature.
Electric field screening by a proton counterflow in the pulsar polar cap
Creators: name: Asano, Katsuaki
name: Takahara, Fumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new mechanism to screen the electric field in the pulsar polar cap. Previous studies have shown that if an electron beam from the stellar surface is accelerated to energies high enough to create electron-positron pairs, the required electric field parallel to the magnetic field lines is too strong to be screened out by the produced pairs. We argue here that if non-relativistic protons are supplied from the magnetosphere to flow towards the stellar surface, they can provide an anode to screen out such a strong electric field. Injected electron-positron pairs yield an asymmetry of the electrostatic potential around the screening point. The required pair creation rate in this model is consistent with the conventional models.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Optimal Estimation of Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Babich, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically analyze the primordial non-Gaussianity estimator used by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) science team with the basic ideas of estimation theory in order to see if the limited Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data is being optimally utilized. The WMAP estimator is based on the implicit assumption that the CMB bispectrum, the harmonic transform of the three-point correlation function, contains all of the primordial non-Gaussianity information in a CMB map. We first demonstrate that the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) of an estimator based on CMB three-point correlation functions is significantly larger than the S/N of any estimator based on higher-order correlation functions; justifying our choice to focus on the three-point correlation function. We then conclude that the estimator based on the three-point correlation function, which was used by WMAP, is optimal, meaning it saturates the Cramer-Rao Inequality when the underlying CMB map is nearly Gaussian. We quantify this restriction by demonstrating that the suboptimal character of our estimator is proportonal to the square of the fiducial non-Gaussianity, which is already constrained to be extremely small, so we can consider the WMAP estimator to be optimal in practice. Our conclusions do not depend on the form of the primordial bispectrum, only on the observationally established weak levels of primordial non-Gaussianity.
description: 15 pages, replaced to match version accepted by PRD
Découverte de Danthonia compressa Austin (Poaceae) dans le Massif vosgien (France, Grand Est), une nouvelle espèce exogène pour la France
Creators: name: Martin, Yoan
Publisher: name: SHNEC [Société d'Histoire Naturelle et d'Ethnographie de Colmar]
Year: 2024

description: Résumé  ̶  Les invasions biologiques représentent une menace majeure pour la biodiversité mondiale. La découverte l’été 2024 de Danthonia compressa, une poacée nord-américaine, sur le versant lorrain du Massif vosgien, dans la région naturelle des Hautes-Vosges gréseuses (région Grand Est, France), vient s'ajouter à la liste des espèces exotiques en France. Cette espèce est morphologiquement distincte de l'indigène Danthonia decumbens par une panicule étalée, la présence d’arêtes et une plus grande taille. Elle forme des populations importantes qui se concentrent principalement le long des voies de communication forestières sur substrat gréseux. Cette espèce exogène n’était jusqu’alors pas connue en France et très peu mentionnée en Europe. Aux États-Unis, Danthonia compressa est connue pour former des peuplements denses et concurrencer les autres espèces, ce qui souligne l’importance de surveiller son installation dans le Massif vosgien. Cette note présente la morphologie, la biologie, l’écologie et la chorologie de cette espèce et propose des hypothèses sur l’origine de son installation et sur son potentiel envahissant.Mots-clés  ̶  Danthonia compressa, exogène, Lorraine, Massif vosgien, voies de communication.Abstract  ̶  Discovery of Danthonia compressa Austin (Poaceae) in the Vosges Mountains (eastern France), a new alien species for FranceBiological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity. The discovery of Danthonia compressa, a North American poaceae, in the summer of 2024 on the Lorraine side of the Vosges massif, in the Hautes-Vosges sandstone natural region (eastern France), has added to the list of exotic species in France. This species is morphologically distinct from the native Danthonia decumbens, with a spreading panicle, the presence of awns and a larger size. It forms large populations that are mainly concentrated along forest roads on sandstone substrates. Until now, this exogenous species has not been known in France and there are very few references to it in Europe. In the United States, Danthonia compressa is known to form dense stands and to compete with other species, highlighting the importance of monitoring its establishment in the Vosges massif. This note presents the morphology, biology, ecology and chorology of this species and proposes hypotheses on the origin of its establishment and its invasive potential.Keywords  ̶  Danthonia compressa, exogenous, Lorraine, Vosges Mountains, communication routes.
Gravitational waves in the Spinor Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Novello, Mario
name: Hartmann, Angelo E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the gravitational waves within the Spinor Theory of Gravity and compare it with the General Relativity proposal. In the case of STG a gravitational wave may occur if the effective gravitational metric induced by the spinorial field is Ricci flat.
description: 5 pages
Superintegrable Deformations of the Smorodinsky-Winternitz Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Herranz, Angel Ballesteros Francisco J.
name: Musso, Fabio
name: Ragnisco, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J35, 17B37

description: A constructive procedure to obtain superintegrable deformations of the classical Smorodinsky-Winternitz Hamiltonian by using quantum deformations of its underlying Poisson sl(2) coalgebra symmetry is introduced. Through this example, the general connection between coalgebra symmetry and quasi-maximal superintegrability is analysed. The notion of comodule algebra symmetry is also shown to be applicable in order to construct new integrable deformations of certain Smorodinsky-Winternitz systems.
description: 17 pages. Published in "Superintegrability in Classical and Quantum Systems", edited by P.Tempesta, P.Winternitz, J.Harnad, W.Miller Jr., G.Pogosyan and M.A.Rodriguez, CRM Proceedings & Lecture Notes, vol.37, American Mathematical Society, 2004
Vegetable forcing program in Hungary, and its employment aspects
Creators: name: Gergely, Sandor
name: Gergely, Sandor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: vegetable forcing
subject: vegetable export and import
subject: employment of unemployed people
subject: green energy
subject: integration
subject: hajtatásos zöldségtermelés
subject: zöldség export-import
subject: munkanélküliek foglalkoztatása
subject: zöldenergia
subject: integráció

description: Hungary is one of the countries best suited for agriculture in Europe and throughout the world. Over the last decades, however, the emphasis on putting such natural endowments to the benefit of the nation and of rural communities has dwindled. Most of the opportunities lost concern vegetable and fruit growing, as well as animal husbandry. This also means that these are the fields where we have the greatest reserves. No country may reach the level of prosperity to which it destined without using its natural and human resources in a sustainable manner. Our paper presents the main trends in vegetable growing in the world, the Community and in Hungary, as well as characteristics of the export and import of vegetables in the country. We present development scenarios in the field of vegetable forcing in greenhouse, covering program versions of 1000, 2000 or 3000 ha. We also present the investment and operational features of development scenarios, their budgetary effects, as well as how implementing such scenarios would/could improve employments rates, particularly in underdeveloped micro-regions characterised by high rates of unemployment. We present proposals on how producers could act together in the field of vegetable forcing and marketing. -------------------------------------- Magyarország Európa és a földkerekség egyik legjobb mezőgazdasági adottságokkal rendelkező országa. Azonban az utóbbi évtizedekben ezt az adottságot egyre kevésbé hasznosítjuk a nemzet és a vidék javára. Főként a zöldség-, gyümölcstermelésben, valamint az állattenyésztésben aknázzuk ki legkevésbé a lehetőségeinket, következésképp: ezeken a területeken vannak a legnagyobb tarta¬lékaink. Márpedig egy ország sem érheti el a jólétnek azt a szintjét, amelyre predesztinálva van, ha nem aknázza ki fenntartható módon természeti és emberi erőforrásait. Tanulmányunkban bemu¬tatjuk a világ és EU, valamint a hazai zöldségtermelés alakulását, a hazai zöldség export-import jel¬lemzőit. Fejlesztési program szcenáriókat mutatunk be a fóliaházas zöldséghajtatás terén 1000, 2000 és 3000 ha-os programváltozatokban. Bemutatjuk a fejlesztési program szcenáriók beruhá¬zási és működtetési jellemzőit, hatását a költségvetésre, valamint azt, hogy ezek megvalósítása mi¬lyen hatással lesz/lehet a foglalkoztatás növelésére, különösen a nagyarányú munkanélküliséggel sújtott hátrányos helyzetű kistérségekben. Javaslatot teszünk a termelők erőegyesítésére a hajtatá¬sos zöldségtermelés és értékesítés területén.
Tackling the Cybersecurity Impacts of the Coronavirus Outbreak as a Challenge to Internet Safety
Creators: name: OKEREAFOR, KENNETH
name: Olajide Adebola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cybercriminals are exploiting the panic associated with COVID-19 to attack vulnerable digital assets using ransomware, email phishing and social engineering scams. The impacts on the cyberspace are examined, and recommendations for digital behaviours are proffered to ensure user privacy and computer security even as the pandemic rages.
Financial heat machine
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider dynamics of financial markets as dynamics of expectations and discuss such a dynamics from the point of view of phenomenological thermodynamics. We describe a financial Carnot cycle and the financial analogue of a heat machine. We see, that while in physics a perpetuum mobile is absolutely impossible, in economics such mobile may exist under some conditions. Our thermodynamical model for the financial market induces a rather unusual interpretation of the role of financial crises. In contrast to the common point of view, in our model financial crises play a crucial role in functioning of the modern financial market. This is an important (concluding) stage of any financial cycle that is analogous to the stage of cooling in the ordinary Carnot cycle. A financial cycle could not be completed without such a stage as well as the ordinary Carnot cycle. Thus, in spite its destructive (at the first sight) consequences the stage or financial crises is as well important as the stage of "boiling of the financial market" ("heating of expectations")
Single Image HDR Reconstruction Using a CNN with Masked Features and Perceptual Loss
Creators: name: Santos, Marcel Santana
name: Ren, Tsang Ing
name: Kalantari, Nima Khademi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital cameras can only capture a limited range of real-world scenes' luminance, producing images with saturated pixels. Existing single image high dynamic range (HDR) reconstruction methods attempt to expand the range of luminance, but are not able to hallucinate plausible textures, producing results with artifacts in the saturated areas. In this paper, we present a novel learning-based approach to reconstruct an HDR image by recovering the saturated pixels of an input LDR image in a visually pleasing way. Previous deep learning-based methods apply the same convolutional filters on well-exposed and saturated pixels, creating ambiguity during training and leading to checkerboard and halo artifacts. To overcome this problem, we propose a feature masking mechanism that reduces the contribution of the features from the saturated areas. Moreover, we adapt the VGG-based perceptual loss function to our application to be able to synthesize visually pleasing textures. Since the number of HDR images for training is limited, we propose to train our system in two stages. Specifically, we first train our system on a large number of images for image inpainting task and then fine-tune it on HDR reconstruction. Since most of the HDR examples contain smooth regions that are simple to reconstruct, we propose a sampling strategy to select challenging training patches during the HDR fine-tuning stage. We demonstrate through experimental results that our approach can reconstruct visually pleasing HDR results, better than the current state of the art on a wide range of scenes.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, to be published in ACM SIGGRAPH 2020. For project page see http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/nimak/Papers/SIGGRAPH2020_HDR/
In-Chain Tunneling Through Charge-Density Wave Nanoconstrictions and Break-Junctions
Creators: name: O'Neill, K.
name: Slot, E.
name: Thorne, R. E.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated longitudinal nanoconstrictions in the charge-density wave conductor (CDW) NbSe$_{3}$ using a focused ion beam and using a mechanically controlled break-junction technique. Conductance peaks are observed below the T$_{P1}$$=145 $K and T$_{P2}$$=59 $K CDW transitions, which correspond closely with previous values of the full CDW gaps $2Δ_{1}$ and $2Δ_{2}$ obtained from photo-emission. These results can be explained by assuming CDW-CDW tunneling in the presence of an energy gap corrugation $ε_{2}$ comparable to $Δ_{2}$, which eliminates expected peak at $Δ_{1}+Δ_{2}$. The nanometer length-scales our experiments imply indicate that an alternative explanation based on tunneling through back-to-back CDW-normal junctions is unlikely.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to physical review letters
Seeing Relativity -- III. Journeying within the Kerr metric toward the negative gravity region
Creators: name: Riazuelo, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study some features of the Kerr metric both from an analytic and a visual point of view by performing accurate raytracing in various situations. We focus on features that are unique to the maximal analytic extension of the Kerr metric as compared to that of the Schwarzschild or even the Reissner-Nordström one. A large number of new, yet underexplored phenomena appear, especially regarding the structure of bounded null geodesics and the aspect of the negative gravity regions whose visual characteristics are shown both from outside and inside it.
description: 55 pages, 44 figures, ~ 50 Mb; submitted to IJMPD
Hilbert spaces built on a similarity and on dynamical renormalization
Creators: name: Dutkay, Dorin Ervin
name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 42C40, 42A16, 42A65, 43A65, 47D07,60D18

description: We develop a Hilbert space framework for a number of general multi-scale problems from dynamics. The aim is to identify a spectral theory for a class of systems based on iterations of a non-invertible endomorphism. We are motivated by the more familiar approach to wavelet theory which starts with the two-to-one endomorphism $r: z \mapsto z^2$ in the one-torus $\bt$, a wavelet filter, and an associated transfer operator. This leads to a scaling function and a corresponding closed subspace $V_0$ in the Hilbert space $L^2(\br)$. Using the dyadic scaling on the line $\br$, one has a nested family of closed subspaces $V_n$, $n \in \bz$, with trivial intersection, and with dense union in $L^2(\br)$. More generally, we achieve the same outcome, but in different Hilbert spaces, for a class of non-linear problems. In fact, we see that the geometry of scales of subspaces in Hilbert space is ubiquitous in the analysis of multiscale problems, e.g., martingales, complex iteration dynamical systems, graph-iterated function systems of affine type, and subshifts in symbolic dynamics. We develop a general framework for these examples which starts with a fixed endomorphism $r$ (i.e., generalizing $r(z) = z^2$) in a compact metric space $X$. It is assumed that $r : X\to X$ is onto, and finite-to-one.
description: v3, minor additions
The benefits of applying controlling in Hungarian small and medium enterprises
Creators: name: Hagen, Istvan Zsombor
name: Hagen, Istvan Zsombor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: controlling
subject: small and medium enterprises
subject: profit before tax
subject: examining profitability
subject: efficiency
subject: kontrolling
subject: kis- és középvállalkozások
subject: adózás előtti eredmény
subject: eredményesség vizsgálata
subject: hatékonyság

description: The issue of optimal company size as well as related efficiency issues have always been a great dilemma for scientists and professionals alike. It is now evident that a bigger size would not result in greater efficiency for all activities. As a result of my research, I point out that to achieve the goals of economic policy – in line with the requirements of the European Union – it should be possible for small and medium enterprises to improve their operational efficiency and boost their profitability. To ensure this, various procedures and methods need to be adapted to this purpose. Companies should be open to the new innovative systems and should incorporate them into their everyday decision-making mechanisms. Effective and rational thinking is essential in the decision-making processes of the managers of small enterprises as well, which can be promoted by adopting a controlling-based approach and implementing controlling functions. My research proved that small and medium enterprises using controlling have a clear competitive advantage over their competitors, and that this competitive advantage becomes more characteristic and pronounced in the long run. ------------------------------------ A kutatók és gyakorlati szakemberek számára mindig is nagy dilemmát jelentett az optimális vállalati méret és az ezzel összefüggő hatékonyság kérdése. Napjainkra egyértelművé vált, hogy nem minden tevékenység esetében igaz, hogy a nagyobb méret jelenti a hatékonyabb megoldást. Kutatásom eredményeképpen felhívom a figyelmet arra, hogy a gazdaságpolitika céljainak teljesüléséhez – az európai uniós követelményekkel összefüggésben – meg kell teremteni a lehetőségét annak, hogy a kis- és középvállalkozások működése hatékonyabbá válhasson, gazdálkodásuk eredményesebb legyen, melyhez elengedhetetlen feltétel különböző eljárások és módszerek adaptációja. A vállalkozások részéről fontos, hogy nyitottak legyenek az új innovatív rendszerek iránt, és azt meg kell próbálniuk beépíteni mindennapi döntéshozatali mechanizmusaikba. A kisvállalkozások vezetőinek döntéshozatali folyamatainál is lényeges a hatékony és a racionális gondolkodás, melynek elősegítője a kontrolling szemléletmód kialakítása, a kontrolling funkciók alkalmazása. Kutatásom során bizonyítást nyert, hogy a kontrollingot alkalmazó kis- és középvállalkozások egyértelmű versenyelőnyt élveznek a többi vállalkozással szemben, mely versenyelőny hosszabb távon kifejezőbb, jellemzőbb.
Longitudinal and transverse noise in a moving Vortex Lattice
Creators: name: Scola, J.
name: Pautrat, A.
name: Goupil, C.
name: Simon, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the longitudinal and the transverse velocity fluctuations of a moving vortex lattice (VL) driven by a transport current. They exhibit both the same broad spectrum and the same order of magnitude. These two components are insensitive to the velocity and to a small bulk perturbation. This means that no bulk averaging over the disorder and no VL crystallization are observed. This is consistently explained referring to a previously proposed noisy flow of surface current whose elementary fluctuator is measured isotropic.
description: accepted for publication in Phys Rev B
Biometric Anti-spoofing Technique Using Randomized 3D Multi-Modal Traits
Creators: name: OKEREAFOR, KENNETH
name: Osuagwu, Oliver
name: Onime, Clement
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A novel biometric liveness detection approach is proposed using a randomization technique to increase impostor's difficulty of ever guessing the attributes applied, thereby optimizing the security of the biometric authentication function.
Microstructure evolution during processing of dual phase and trip steels
Creators: name: Huang, Jin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this study, a systematic experimental study on the microstructure evolution for a dual phase and a TRIP steel during intercritical annealing and intermediate temperature holding (for the TRIP steel) was conducted. In the reheating stage, recrystallization occurs for the cold-rolled materials, which were characterized by the microhardness and metallography. A mathematical description of the recrystallization kinetics can be made using the Avrami equation. It was found that for dual phase steel, ferrite recrystallization may extend into the austenite formation region thus overlapping with the austenite formation reaction. While for the TRIP steel, which has faster recrystallization rates, the recrystallization and austenite formation processes are sequential for the processing parameters (i.e. heating rates of 1, 10 and 100 °C/s) considered in this study. In the intercritical annealing stage, the materials were subjected to both continuous and ramp plus isothermal hold heat treatments with various heating rates. The kinetics of austenite formation was determined by dilatometry. Very significant effects of heating rate on both the fraction of austenite and its spatial distribution and morphology were observed. The material behaviour during austenite formation can be understood by considering the effect of heating rate on the nucleation and growth of austenite. The basic trends can be rationalized by the competing mechanisms for nucleation and growth of austenite and how these depend on the starting microstructure (i.e. spatial distribution of pearlite and the degree of ferrite recrystallization). The interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation is strong and it affects not only the kinetics of austenite formation but also the spatial distribution and morphology of austenite. A new approach using neutron Bragg-edge transmission (BET) was applied to studying the austenite decomposition which occurs when the material is cooled to the intermediate hold stage (i.e. during processing of TRIP steel). The neutron BET technique allows for the analysis of the evolution of volume fraction for the participating phases; and also reveals unique, 'msitu' carbon redistribution information which may be derived from the change in the lattice parameter. The volume fraction results were compared to the results from traditional XRD, dilatometry and optical metallography. Excellent agreement between these results was observed. In addition, carbon enrichment in the austenite phase during bainite transformation is clearly observed from this technique.
Cooperation driven by mutations in multi-person Prisoner's Dilemma
Creators: name: Eriksson, Anders
name: Lindgren, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The n-person Prisoner's Dilemma is a widely used model for populations where individuals interact in groups. The evolutionary stability of populations has been analysed in the literature for the case where mutations in the population may be considered as isolated events. For this case, and assuming simple trigger strategies and many iterations per game, we analyse the rate of convergence to the evolutionarily stable populations. We find that for some values of the payoff parameters of the Prisoner's Dilemma this rate is so low that the assumption, that mutations in the population are infrequent on that timescale, is unreasonable. Furthermore, the problem is compounded as the group size is increased. In order to address this issue, we derive a deterministic approximation of the evolutionary dynamics with explicit, stochastic mutation processes, valid when the population size is large. We then analyse how the evolutionary dynamics depends on the following factors: mutation rate, group size, the value of the payoff parameters, and the structure of the initial population. In order to carry out the simulations for groups of more than just a few individuals, we derive an efficient way of calculating the fitness values. We find that when the mutation rate per individual and generation is very low, the dynamics is characterised by populations which are evolutionarily stable. As the mutation rate is increased, other fixed points with a higher degree of cooperation become stable. For some values of the payoff parameters, the system is characterised by (apparently) stable limit cycles dominated by cooperative behaviour. The parameter regions corresponding to high degree of cooperation grow in size with the mutation rate, and in number with the group size.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Theoretical Biology
Time Delay Lens Modelling Challenge
Creators: name: Ding, X.
name: Treu, T.
name: Birrer, S.
name: Chen, G. C. -F.
name: Coles, J.
name: Denzel, P.
name: Galan, M. Frigo A.
name: Marshall, P. J.
name: Millon, M.
name: More, A.
name: Shajib, A. J.
name: Sluse, D.
name: Tak, H.
name: Xu, D.
name: Auger, M. W.
name: Bonvin, V.
name: Chand, H.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Despali, G.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Gilman, D.
name: Hilbert, S.
name: Kumar, S. R.
name: Lin, Y. -Y.
name: Park, J. W.
name: Saha, P.
name: Vegetti, S.
name: Van de Vyvere, L.
name: Williams, L. L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, breakthroughs in methods and data have enabled gravitational time delays to emerge as a very powerful tool to measure the Hubble constant $H_0$. However, published state-of-the-art analyses require of order 1 year of expert investigator time and up to a million hours of computing time per system. Furthermore, as precision improves, it is crucial to identify and mitigate systematic uncertainties. With this time delay lens modelling challenge we aim to assess the level of precision and accuracy of the modelling techniques that are currently fast enough to handle of order 50 lenses, via the blind analysis of simulated datasets. The results in Rung 1 and Rung 2 show that methods that use only the point source positions tend to have lower precision ($10 - 20\%$) while remaining accurate. In Rung 2, the methods that exploit the full information of the imaging and kinematic datasets can recover $H_0$ within the target accuracy ($ |A| < 2\%$) and precision ($< 6\%$ per system), even in the presence of poorly known point spread function and complex source morphology. A post-unblinding analysis of Rung 3 showed the numerical precision of the ray-traced cosmological simulations to be insufficient to test lens modelling methodology at the percent level, making the results difficult to interpret. A new challenge with improved simulations is needed to make further progress in the investigation of systematic uncertainties. For completeness, we present the Rung 3 results in an appendix, and use them to discuss various approaches to mitigating against similar subtle data generation effects in future blind challenges.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, MNRAS accepted
Demo 1 - Tong Xue, Jie Li, Guo Chen, Pablo Cesar. pdf
Creators: name: Xue, Tong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80111 Virtual Reality and Related Simulation
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Title: A Social VR Clinic for Knee Arthritis Patients with Haptics
Authors: Tong Xue, Jie Li, Guo Chen, Pablo Cesar
Potential links between rural tourism and agriculture in the Northern Great Plain Region
Creators: name: Szabo, Bernadett
name: Posta, Laszlo
name: Szabo, Bernadett
name: Posta, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural tourism
subject: agriculture
subject: land ownership
subject: land use
subject: expected profit
subject: falusi vendéglátás
subject: mezőgazdaság
subject: földtulajdonlás
subject: földhasználat
subject: elvárható jövedelem

description: Agriculture has played and still plays a significant role in the life of rural communities and in rural development. But, because agriculture yields low revenues, agricultural workers often need a source of additional income. Agriculture combines excellently with the growing of medicinal herbs, organic farming, handicrafts and tourism. Rural tourism, as originally conceived, is a source of revenue to supplement income from agriculture. In Hungary, however, the ties between these two activities are very weak. Our current research is focused on assessing the willingness of land owners and agricultural entrepreneurs in the Northern Great Plain region to engage in rural tourism, as well as the willingness of rural hosts to start agricultural activities. Additionally, we seek to assess the potential opportunities for combining agricultural activities and rural tourism in the region by identifying the factors behind the successful operation of profitable enterprises pursuing both lines of business. We also look at the potential economic results from these two activities, and how they might change the revenue levels of the region’s dwellers. We have administered our questionnaire to 122 enterprises so far. ------------------------------------ A mezőgazdaság a vidéki területek életében, a vidékfejlesztésben jelentős funkciókat töltött és tölt be ma is. A mezőgazdaság alacsony jövedelemtermelő képessége kapcsán azonban szükségessé válhat a mezőgazdaságban dolgozók jövedelmének kiegészítése. A tevékenységhez kitűnően kapcsolható a gyógynövénytermesztés, biogazdálkodás, kézművesipari termékek előállítása és az idegenforgalom. A falusi vendéglátás klasszikus értelemben a mezőgazdaságból származó jövedelmet egészíti ki, azonban magyar viszonyok között a két tevékenység általában alig kapcsolódik egymáshoz. Jelenlegi kutatásunkban arra törekszünk, hogy felmérjük az Észak-alföldi Régióban működő mezőgazdasági vállalkozók, földtulajdonosok hajlandóságát falusi turizmus végzésére, falusi vendéglátók készségét mezőgazdasági tevékenység folytatására, továbbá a mindkét tevékenységet végző gazdaságok sikeres működésének feltételeit meghatározva, lehatárolni a régió potenciális lehetőségeit a mezőgazdasági tevékenység és a falusi vendéglátó tevékenység összekapcsolására. Vizsgáljuk továbbá azt is, hogy a két tevékenységnek milyen gazdasági eredménye lehet, illetve azok hogyan befolyásolhatják a vizsgált régióban élők jövedelemviszonyait. Munkánk során eddig összesen 122 vállalkozás kérdőíves felmérését végeztük el.
Current and universal scaling in anomalous transport
Creators: name: Goychuk, I.
name: Heinsalu, E.
name: Patriarca, M.
name: Schmid, G.
name: Hanggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous transport in tilted periodic potentials is investigated within the framework of the fractional Fokker-Planck dynamics and the underlying continuous time random walk. The analytical solution for the stationary, anomalous current is obtained in closed form. We derive a universal scaling law for anomalous diffusion occurring in tilted periodic potentials. This scaling relation is corroborated with precise numerical studies covering wide parameter regimes and different shapes for the periodic potential, being either symmetric or ratchet-like ones.
T-Duality in Affine NA Toda Models
Creators: name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Sotkov, G. M.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of Non Abelian affine Toda models is discussed in terms of its underlying Lie algebraic structure. It is shown that a subclass of such non conformal two dimensional integrable models naturally leads to the construction of a pair of actions which share the same spectra and are related by canonical transformations.
description: 6 pages, Presented at the 13th International Colloquium on Integrable Systems and Quantum Groups, Prague, June, 2004
ORB-SLAM3: An Accurate Open-Source Library for Visual, Visual-Inertial and Multi-Map SLAM
Creators: name: Campos, Carlos
name: Elvira, Richard
name: Rodríguez, Juan J. Gómez
name: Montiel, José M. M.
name: Tardós, Juan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents ORB-SLAM3, the first system able to perform visual, visual-inertial and multi-map SLAM with monocular, stereo and RGB-D cameras, using pin-hole and fisheye lens models. The first main novelty is a feature-based tightly-integrated visual-inertial SLAM system that fully relies on Maximum-a-Posteriori (MAP) estimation, even during the IMU initialization phase. The result is a system that operates robustly in real-time, in small and large, indoor and outdoor environments, and is 2 to 5 times more accurate than previous approaches. The second main novelty is a multiple map system that relies on a new place recognition method with improved recall. Thanks to it, ORB-SLAM3 is able to survive to long periods of poor visual information: when it gets lost, it starts a new map that will be seamlessly merged with previous maps when revisiting mapped areas. Compared with visual odometry systems that only use information from the last few seconds, ORB-SLAM3 is the first system able to reuse in all the algorithm stages all previous information. This allows to include in bundle adjustment co-visible keyframes, that provide high parallax observations boosting accuracy, even if they are widely separated in time or if they come from a previous mapping session. Our experiments show that, in all sensor configurations, ORB-SLAM3 is as robust as the best systems available in the literature, and significantly more accurate. Notably, our stereo-inertial SLAM achieves an average accuracy of 3.6 cm on the EuRoC drone and 9 mm under quick hand-held motions in the room of TUM-VI dataset, a setting representative of AR/VR scenarios. For the benefit of the community we make public the source code.
Probabilistic pathway representation of cognitive information
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present for mental processes the program of mathematical mapping which has been successfully realized for physical processes. We emphasize that our project is not about mathematical simulation of brain's functioning as a complex physical system, i.e., mapping of physical and chemical processes in the brain on mathematical spaces. The project is about mapping of purely mental processes on mathematical spaces. We present various arguments -- philosophic, mathematical, information, and neurophysiological -- in favor of the $p$-adic model of mental space. $p$-adic spaces have structures of hierarchic trees and in our model such a tree hierarchy is considered as an image of neuronal hierarchy. Hierarchic neural pathways are considered as fundamental units of information processing. As neural pathways can go through whole body, the mental space is produced by the whole neural system. Finally, we develop Probabilistic Neural Pathway Model in that Mental States are represented by probability distributions on mental space.
Exploring the Potentials of Telemedicine and Other Non-Contact Electronic Health Technologies in Controlling the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Creators: name: OKEREAFOR, KENNETH
name: Olajide Adebola
name: Djehaiche, Rania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Telemedicine and Telehealth have great potentials to shield health workers from direct contact with patients. Together with related technologies they are suitable strategies for controlling the spread of COVID-19 global health pandemic.
Deuteron Dipole Polarizabilities and Sum Rules
Creators: name: Friar, J. L.
name: Payne, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar, vector, and tensor components of the (generalized) deuteron electric polarizability are calculated, as well as their logarithmic modifications. Several of these quantities arise in the treatment of the nuclear corrections to the deuterium Lamb shift and the deuterium hyperfine structure. A variety of second-generation potential models are used and a (subjective) error is assigned to the calculations. The zero-range approximation is used to analyze a subset of the results, and a simple relativistic version of this approximation is developed.
description: 14 pages, LaTex - submitted to Physical Review C
Simulating the fabrication of aluminium oxide tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Cyster, M. J.
name: Smith, J. S.
name: Vogt, N.
name: Opletal, G.
name: Russo, S. P.
name: Cole, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aluminium oxide (AlO$_\mathrm{x}$) tunnel junctions are important components in a range of nanoelectric devices including superconducting qubits where they can be used as Josephson junctions. While many improvements in the reproducibility and reliability of qubits have been made possible through new circuit designs, there are still knowledge gaps in the relevant materials science. A better understanding of how fabrication conditions affect the density, uniformity, and elemental composition of the oxide barrier may lead to the development of lower noise and more reliable nanoelectronics and quantum computers. In this paper we use molecular dynamics to develop models of Al-AlO$_\mathrm{x}$-Al junctions by iteratively growing the structures with sequential calculations. With this approach we can see how the surface oxide grows and changes during the oxidation simulation. Dynamic processes such as the evolution of a charge gradient across the oxide, the formation of holes in the oxide layer, and changes between amorphous and semi-crystalline phases are observed. Our results are widely in agreement with previous work including reported oxide densities, self-limiting of the oxidation, and increased crystallinity as the simulation temperature is raised. The encapsulation of the oxide with metal evaporation is also studied atom by atom. Low density regions at the metal-oxide interfaces are a common feature in the final junction structures which persists for different oxidation parameters, empirical potentials, and crystal orientations of the aluminium substrate.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
Exploring Cryptographic Primitives and Secure Hash Functions: A Comprehensive Overview
Creators: name: Riddhiman Bhattacharya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cryptography
Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA)
Discrete Logarithms
Elliptic-Curve Discrete Logarithms
Digital Signatures
One Way Hash Functions
Pseudo Random Number Generator
Asymmetric Key
Mix Network
Commitment Scheme

description: This report paper delves into the significance of cryptographic primitives and focuses specifically on secure hash functions. It explores their role in enhancing data security and examines their applications in various domains, shedding light on their importance in protecting sensitive information.
description: Pages: 10
References: 10