cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
State Hazard Mitigation Plans and Climate Change: Rating the States
Creators: name: Babcock, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental law
Local government
Local government--Law and legislation
Local government--Planning
Hazard mitigation--Law and legislation
Climatic changes
Public policy (Law)

description: Climate change is affecting and will continue to affect the frequency and severity of natural hazard events, a trend that is of increasing concern for emergency managers and hazard mitigation agencies across the United States. Proper response to these hazards will require preparation and planning. Unfortunately, states are not required to include analysis of climate change in their State Hazard Mitigation Plans, which leads to uneven treatment of the issue and missed opportunities for mitigation planning. This survey identifies those state plans that address climate change and climate-related issues in an accurate and helpful manner and those that do not. Several states will be releasing updated State Hazard Mitigation Plans in 2013 and 2014, and this survey forms a basis for improving those plans through shared lessons learned and targeted communication. The results of the survey indicate that coastal states are more likely to include a discussion of climate change, possibly due in part to recent emphasis on and awareness of the relationship between climate change and sea level rise, coastal storms, and related hazards. The relative lack of discussion of climate change in land-locked states may point to a need for greater communication of how risks such as drought, floods, heat events, and non-coastal storms are affected by climate change. State plans that currently include climate change analyses and adaptation plans may be used as examples for improving other plans. This survey provides a basis for further analysis comparing future plans and determining whether they include an improved discussion of climate change.
Legal Tools for Climate Adaptation Advocacy: NEPA
Creators: name: Klein, Jennifer
name: Strell, Ethan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Climatic changes
Local government--Law and legislation
Environmental law
Public policy (Law)

description: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1970. NEPA requires federal agencies to evaluate the environmental effects of a wide range of actions, including direct federal undertakings and projects that receive federal funding or permits. Many states have since enacted similar laws of varying scope, requiring evaluation of the environmental impacts of certain state and local actions. Since climate change has emerged as a critical environmental issue, some agencies have evaluated and disclosed the projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to government actions. Government agencies have also occasionally performed a “reverse environmental impact analysis,” in which the effects of climate change on a government project are considered. However, many, if not most, government agencies have failed to meaningfully consider the effects of climate change on proposed projects in connection with the environmental review process. This section briefly describes the traditional environmental impact assessment process, discusses the legal authority for using NEPA and similar state laws to address climate change adaptation, and explains how citizens can use these laws to encourage agencies and applicants to consider climate change impacts – both those caused by and those affecting a proposed project.
Inference on accretion flow dynamics using TCAF solution from the analysis of spectral evolution of H 1743-322 during 2010 outburst
Creators: name: Mondal, Santanu
name: Debnath, Dipak
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study accretion flow dynamics of Galactic transient black hole candidate (BHC) H 1743-322 during its 2010 outburst by analyzing spectral data using Two Component (Keplerian and sub-Keplerian) Advective Flow (TCAF) solution, after its inclusion in XSPEC as a local model. We compare our TCAF solution fitted results with combined disk black body and power-law model fitted results and find a similar smooth variation of thermal (Keplerian or disk black body) and non-thermal (power-law or sub-Keplerian) fluxes/rates in two types of model fits. For a spectral analysis, 2.5-25 keV spectral data from RXTE PCA instrument are used. From the TCAF solution fit, accretion flow parameters, such as Keplerian rate, sub-Keplerian rate, location of centrifugal pressure supported shock and strength of the shock are extracted, thus providing a deeper understanding of accretion process and properties of accretion disks around BHC H 1743-322 during its X-ray outburst. Based on the halo to disk accretion rate ratio (ARR), shock properties, accretion rates and nature of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs, if observed) entire outburst is classified into four different spectral states, such as, hard, hard-intermediate, soft-intermediate, and soft. From time variation of intrinsic flow parameters it appears that their evolutions in decline phase do not retrace path of rising phase. Since our current model does not include magnetic fields, spectral turnover at energies beyond 500-600 keV cannot be explained.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Jet Breakup Dynamics of Inkjet Printing Fluids
Creators: name: Sundara Rajan, Kashyap
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Continuous InkJet (CIJ) printing is a common 2-Dimensional printing technique that creates jets of ink that breakup into drops as they are propelled towards a substrate to create a print. Inkjet printing has been used not only to print on paper, but to manufacture a variety of devices including OLEDs, solar cells and microfluidic devices. In many cases, the ‘ink’ consists of a polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent. As this ink is sprayed on to the substrate, the solvent evaporates, leaving the polymer behind as the print. The addition of the polymer alters the physics of the problem significantly enough that it varies greatly from jetting only a fluid with nothing dissolved in it. Polymers impart viscoelasticity to the solution, creating ink jets that are long-lived and difficult to break into droplets. In order to maintain the formation of drops in a repeatable, uniform fashion, a disturbance of known magnitude is imposed upon the jet. While jetting a liquid with no additives in it, this disturbance governed jet breakup leads to the formation of satellite drops, smaller drops of fluid in-between the main jet drops. Satellite drops are an undesirable occurrence in inkjet printing because of their unpredictable behavior and potential to affect the quality of the print. However, the addition of polymers to the liquid can control and potentially suppress the formation of these satellite drops, greatly improving the print quality. The elasticity of iv the polymer and its ability to influence the jet behavior and formation of satellite drops is highly dependent on multiple factors including the backbone rigidity, molecular weight and the concentration in which it is present in the fluid. Strongly viscoelastic effects have a marked effect on the jet and their presence can be quantified quite easily. However, some polymers show weak viscoelastic behavior while present in the ink fluids and may or may not affect the jetting process. The objective of this study is to examine such a class of polymeric fluids that are weakly viscoelastic in the context of inkjet printing and satellite drop formation. Firstly, the fluids are tested in an extensional rheology setup called Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometry – Drop-on-Substrate (CaBER-DoS) to quantify their extensional properties. Then, they are tested in an emulated inkjet printing setup. The goal is to quantify the impact of the aforementioned factors on jetting and using satellite drop behavior as a guiding metric to understanding viscoelastic behavior in inkjet printing fluids.
Legal Tools for Climate Adaptation Advocacy: Securities Law
Creators: name: Hart, Nina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Environmental law
Financial disclosure
Corporations
Climatic changes
Finance

description: Corporations today face increasing risks from climate change. These risks threaten not only the operations and infrastructure of the corporations, but ultimately their long-term financial soundness as well. For example, as has been noted with respect to the oil and gas industries, refineries often do not have high profit margins because most of the profits come from extraction. Therefore, refineries, which frequently are near the coasts and vulnerable to increasing sea levels and storms surges, could suffer material financial losses if their operations were disrupted. To prevent this physical infrastructure or operational damage, as well as the attendant financial losses, corporations need to adapt and implement measures to address these risks. This chapter focuses on how governments and investors can use financial disclosure as a tool to incentivize or pressure publicly traded companies to undertake climate change adaptation measures. The chapter explains why financial disclosure is a powerful tool, describes the relevant regulatory schemes, and outlines both regulatory or enforcement and market-based strategies for improving corporate responses to climate change.
The Milky Way Spiral Structure Parameters from Data on Masers and Selected Open Clusters
Creators: name: Bobylev, Vadim V.
name: Bajkova, Anisa T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To estimate the parameters of the Galactic spiral structure - namely, the pitch angle i and the number of spiral arms,- data on Galactic masers with known trigonometric parallaxes were used. We applied the well-known method based on analysis of the "position angle - distance logarithm" diagram. Estimates of the pitch angle i obtained from four segments of different arms belonging to the global Galactic structure are self-consistent and close to i=-13+/-1 degrees. The segment which is most interesting is that of the Outer arm. It contains only three masers. Hence, in order to obtain correct estimates, we also used the data on 12 very young star clusters with distances determined by Camargo et al. from infrared photometry. The estimates obtained allow us to conclude in favor of the four-armed model of the Galactic spiral structure.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables; accepted to MNRAS
Legal Tools for Climate Adaptation Advocacy: Flood Insurance
Creators: name: Sienkiewicz, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Climatic changes
Flood damage prevention
Flood insurance--Law and legislation
Public policy (Law)

description: If thoughtfully redesigned, the flood insurance regime could be a powerful tool for encouraging sensible coastal land use as we confront the increased danger that climate change poses to these areas. As sea levels rise and storms become more frequent and severe, damage from flooding will increase. A properly constructed insurance regime would ensure that the people affected by this increased flooding pay appropriate insurance premiums. Moreover, such a regime would discourage excess development in flood-prone areas in the first place. This paper will begin by exploring the impact that climate change will have on flooding before turning to a description of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), the principle focus of this paper. The paper will provide details on the operation and functions of the NFIP and then discuss the ways the regime discourages adaptation to climate change. Finally, the paper will conclude with suggestions for how readers can promote climate change adaptation by advocating for changes to the NFIP.
title: Effects of a circadian mutation on adult neurogenesis
Creators: name: Bahiru, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Rotating shift work, irregular sleep patterns and jetlag disrupt circadian rhythms, induce or aggravate disease, and produce deficits in cognitive function. Internal misalignment, a state in which abnormal phase relationships prevail between and within organs, is widely proposed to account for these adverse effects of circadian disruption. This hypothesis has been difficult to test because phase shifts of the entraining environmental cycle lead to transient desynchrony. Thus, it remains possible that phase shifts, regardless of internal desynchrony, account for adverse effects of circadian disruption. I have used the duper mutant hamster, whose locomotor activity rhythms re-entrain 5-fold faster than wild types after a phase shift of 8 hours, to test whether internal desynchrony can account for adverse effects of jet lag on adult neurogenesis. I subjected wild type and duper female hamsters to alternating 8h phase advances and delays of the LD cycle at 16-day intervals. I injected 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU, a thymidine analogue) after the 4th shift and collected brains after the 8th shift. As expected, mutants re-entrained activity rhythms more rapidly than did wild types. On the other hand, estrous cycles, as assessed by vaginal smears, were rarely disrupted by repeated phase shifts in either genotype.
I next compared cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus between Duper mutants and wild type siblings using the S-phase marker BrdU and the neuronal marker NeuN. I assessed the total number of BrdU cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, as the proportion that expressed NeuN. Duper mutants had more BrdU-ir cells, and more BrdU+/NeuN+ cells than did wild types, whether or not they experienced phase shifts, revealing an unexpected increase in neurogenesis. Surprisingly, repeated phase shifts increased neurogenesis in WT but not duper hamsters. Despite the increase in neurogenesis, phase shifts reduced the number of adult-born non-neuronal (BrdU+/NeuN-) cells in WT hamsters but had no such effect on duper mutants. In addition, the duper mutation increases hippocampal neurogenesis regardless of circadian. Our results suggest that adult-born non-neuronal cells are most vulnerable to circadian disruption, and that internal desynchrony promotes their demise. disruption.
The close environment of high-mass X-ray binaries at high angular resolution I. VLTI/AMBER and VLTI/PIONIER near-infrared interferometric observations of Vela X-1
Creators: name: Choquet, E.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Bouquin, J. -B. Le
name: Merand, A.
name: Berger, J. -P.
name: Haubois, X.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Petrucci, P. -O.
name: Lazareff, B.
name: Pott, J. -U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent improvements on the sensitivity and spectral resolution of X-ray observations have led to a better understanding of the properties of matter in the vicinity of High Mass X-ray Binaries hosting a supergiant star and a compact object. However the geometry and physical properties of their environment at larger scales are currently only predicted by simulations. We aim at exploring the environment of Vela X-1 at a few stellar radii of the supergiant using spatially resolved observations in the near-infrared and at studying its dynamical evolution along the 9-day orbital period of the system. We observed Vela X-1 in 2010 and 2012 using long baseline interferometry at VLTI, respectively with the AMBER instrument in the K band and the PIONIER instrument in the H band. The PIONIER observations span through one orbital period to monitor possible evolutions in the geometry of the system. We resolved a structure of $8\pm3~R_\star$ from the AMBER data and $2.0\,_{-1.2}^{+0.7}~R_\star$ from the PIONIER data. From the closure phase we found that the environment of Vela X-1 is symmetrical. We observed comparable measurements between the continuum and the spectral lines in the K band, meaning that both emissions originate from the same forming region. From the monitoring of the system over one period in 2012, we found the signal to be constant with the orbital phase within the error bars. We propose three scenarios for the discrepancy between the two measurements: either there is a strong temperature gradient in the supergiant wind leading to a hot component much more compact than the cool part of the wind observed in the K band, or we observed a diffuse shell in 2010 possibly triggered by an off-state in the accretion rate of the pulsar that was dissolved in the interstellar medium in 2012, or the structure observed in the H band was the stellar photosphere instead of the supergiant wind.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Targeting the CaMKII/ERK Interaction in the Heart Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy
Creators: name: Cipolletta, Ersilia
name: Rusciano, Maria Rosaria
name: Maione, Angela Serena
name: Santulli, Gaetano
name: Sorriento, Daniela
name: Del Giudice, Carmine
name: Ciccarelli, Michele
name: Franco, Antonietta
name: Crola, Catherine
name: Campiglia, Pietro
name: Sala, Marina
name: Gomez-Monterrey, Isabel
name: De Luca, Nicola
name: Trimarco, Bruno
name: Iaccarino, Guido
name: Illario, Maddalena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Molecular biology
Cytology

description: AIMS: Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an important step in signaling of cardiac hypertrophy. The molecular mechanisms by which CaMKII integrates with other pathways in the heart are incompletely understood. We hypothesize that CaMKII association with extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), promotes cardiac hypertrophy through ERK nuclear localization. METHODS AND RESULTS: In H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, the selective CaMKII peptide inhibitor AntCaNtide, its penetratin conjugated minimal inhibitory sequence analog tat-CN17β, and the MEK/ERK inhibitor UO126 all reduce phenylephrine (PE)-mediated ERK and CaMKII activation and their interaction. Moreover, AntCaNtide or tat-CN17β pretreatment prevented PE induced CaMKII and ERK nuclear accumulation in H9C2s and reduced the hypertrophy responses. To determine the role of CaMKII in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to intramyocardial injections of AntCaNtide or tat-CN17β. Left ventricular hypertrophy was evaluated weekly for 3 weeks by cardiac ultrasounds. We observed that the treatment with CaMKII inhibitors induced similar but significant reduction of cardiac size, left ventricular mass, and thickness of cardiac wall. The treatment with CaMKII inhibitors caused a significant reduction of CaMKII and ERK phosphorylation levels and their nuclear localization in the heart. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CaMKII and ERK interact to promote activation in hypertrophy; the inhibition of CaMKII-ERK interaction offers a novel therapeutic approach to limit cardiac hypertrophy.
Repeating fast radio bursts reveal memory from minutes to an hour
Creators: name: Wang, F. Y.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief, luminous pulses with unknown physical origin. The repetition pattern of FRBs contains essential information about their physical nature and emission mechanisms. Using the two largest samples of FRB 20121102A and FRB 20201124, we report that the sources of the two FRBs reveal memory over a large range of timescales, from a few minutes to about an hour. The memory is detected from the coherent growths in burst-rate structures and the Hurst exponent. The waiting time distribution displays a power-law tail, which is consistent with a Poisson model with a time-varying rate. From cellular automaton simulations, we find that these characteristics can be well understood within the physical framework of a self-organized criticality system driven in a correlation way, such as random walk functions. These properties indicate that the triggers of bursts are correlated, preferring the crustal failure mechanism of neutron stars.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
Electricity Sector Adaptation to Heat Waves
Creators: name: Aivalioti, Sofia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Electric power systems--Law and legislation
Heat waves (Meteorology)
Climatic changes
Renewable energy sources
Environmental law
Sustainability

description: Electricity is very important for human settlements and a key accelerator for development and prosperity. As heat waves become more frequent and intense the reliability and efficiency of the electricity systems is threatened. Increased temperatures have adverse effects on electricity generation, transmission, distribution and demand. The high temperatures cause intentional or unintentional brownouts and blackouts, which come at high costs for people and economies. The case studies in this analysis highlight the importance of heat wave impacts to the electricity sector and the need for adaptation. The electricity sector requires a holistic approach for adaptation that comprises technological, behavioral and institutional approaches. All actors, governments, electricity companies and individuals need to collaborate in order to secure electricity supply in future heat waves.
title: Die Verdienste der Linken zu Frankfurt; [1848]
title: Die Leiter und Wortführer der Volksversammlungen versäumen nicht, bei jeder Gelegenheit jener Seite der Paulskirche ihr Vertrauensvotum zu adressieren, ohne daß das liebe Volk eignetlich weiß, warum? ...
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
title: Applying Ecological Theory to Amphibian Populations to Determine if Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) are Ideal and Free when Selecting Breeding Habitat
Creators: name: Braunagel, Taylor M
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Amphibian populations are declining globally due to a litany of factors including pollution, disease, climate change, and most importantly, habitat destruction. As most amphibian life histories involve their populations being recruitment limited, focusing on the mechanism behind breeding habitat selection will reveal useful cues that managers may use to increase abundance and breeding success. Though there are many theoretical models that describe the distribution of animals in response to a resource, the ideal free distribution (IFD) theory has not yet been applied to amphibian settling decisions. Through this application of the IFD, I have found that a population of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in Patuxent National Wildlife Refuge select vernal pools that are large, deep, and hold water into the summer months to breed from 2010-2015. This information will provide managers with the ability to predict sites where wood frogs will breed in the future, as well as describe the cues that wood frogs are cueing in on so we can protect, alter, or create ideal breeding habitat.
Nanoscale temperature measurements using non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics of a levitated nanosphere
Creators: name: Millen, J.
name: Deesuwan, T.
name: Barker, P.
name: Anders, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein realised that the fluctuations of a Brownian particle can be used to ascertain properties of its environment. A large number of experiments have since exploited the Brownian motion of colloidal particles for studies of dissipative processes, providing insight into soft matter physics, and leading to applications from energy harvesting to medical imaging. Here we use optically levitated nanospheres that are heated to investigate the non-equilibrium properties of the gas surrounding them. Analysing the sphere's Brownian motion allows us to determine the temperature of the centre-of-mass motion of the sphere, its surface temperature and the heated gas temperature in two spatial dimensions. We observe asymmetric heating of the sphere and gas, with temperatures reaching the melting point of the material. This method offers new opportunities for accurate temperature measurements with spatial resolution on the nanoscale, and a new means for testing non-equilibrium thermodynamics
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material available upon request
Additional file 1 of Soil-transmitted helminths and schistosome infections in Ethiopia: a systematic review of progress in their control over the past 20 years
Creators: name: Maddren, Rosie
name: Phillips, Anna
name: Ower, Alison
name: Landeryou, Toby
name: Mengistu, Birhan
name: Anjulo, Ufaysa
name: Firdawek, Ewnetu
name: Negussu, Nebiyu
name: Anderson, Roy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Intensity and prevalence age profiles for soil-transmitted helminths (STH).
Jet substructure in neutral current deep inelastic e+p scattering at upcoming Electron-Ion Collider
Creators: name: Jain, Siddharth
name: Aggarwal, R.
name: Kaur, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictions are made for the jet substructure of one-jet events produced in electron-proton neutral current deep inelastic scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider for exchanged four-momentum squared, $Q^2 > 125$ GeV$^2$. Data are simulated using Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA 8.304 and RAPGAP 3.308 at the center of mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 63.2, 104.9 and 141 GeV. Jets and subjets are produced by longitudinally invariant $k_T$ cluster algorithm. The subjet multiplicity distributions and differential jet shapes are measured for different jet sizes and varying jet-resolution parameter. A comparison is presented between the $k_T$ and anti-$k_T$ cluster algorithms for the study of jets and subjets using the simulated data and the HERA data.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures
The Day After Tomorrow: A Survey Of How Gulf Coast State Utility Commissions and Utilities are Preparing for Future Storms
Creators: name: Carey, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Electric utilities
Natural disasters--Planning
Natural disasters--Safety measures
Environmental law
Climatic changes
Public policy (Law)

description: With widespread outages caused by devastating natural disasters such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricane Ike in the nation’s recent memory, the public wants to know that the electric utility industry is prepared to withstand and respond to the storms of the future. But is the industry prepared? The government’s role in regulating the electric utility industry makes it impossible to properly analyze why industry players are prepared or unprepared without looking at the actions and decisions of the state regulatory officials. The industry’s actions are inherently tied to the regulations it is required to follow and the costs it is allowed to recover. State public service commissions are tasked with allowing investments and setting rates for the electric utility industry that are “just and reasonable” and “in the public interest.” These vague guidelines have led to many different approaches to investments, cost recovery, and rate-setting. State commissioners are tasked with finding the balance between keeping costs low today and ensuring service remains reliable for their ratepayers in the future. With one of the worst economic recessions in U.S. history and predictions for tomorrow’s climate trends worsening every year, are state commissions striking the proper balance? Part I of this Note gives a brief introduction to the role of state commissions within the electric utility industry, with a focus on why this matters in the context of the important discussion taking place today on climate change trends and, more specifically, preparing for tomorrow’s storms. Part II presents a summary of what actions, if any, Gulf Coast state commissions have taken regarding resiliency measures and storm hardening and how some major utilities have responded to those actions, or alternatively, how utilities have acted when little commission action has occurred. Part III provides an analysis of the results of the survey and recommendations going forward.
title: Studies on High-Throughput Single-Neuron RNA Sequencing and Circadian Rhythms in the Nudibranch, Berghia stephanieae
Creators: name: Bui, Thi
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: One of the goals of neuroscience is to classify all of the neurons in the brain. Neuronal types can be defined using a combination of morphology, electrophysiology, and gene expression profiles. Gene expression profiles allow differentiation between cells that share similar characteristics. Leveraging the advantage of Berghia stephanieae (Gastropoda; Nudibranchia), which has around 28,000 neurons, I constructed high-throughput single-neuron transcriptomes for its whole brain. I produced a single-cell dissociation protocol and a custom data analysis pipeline for data of this nature. Around 129,000 cells were collected from 18 rhinophore ganglia and 20 circumesophageal ring ganglia (brain), consisting of the cerebropleural, pedal, and buccal ganglia. Messenger RNA libraries were constructed using the 10X Genomics’ Chromium platform. After library preparation, around 1,000 cells were recovered and sequenced. The HTStream package was utilized to trim off unwanted sequences from the raw reads and remove PCR duplicates and other contamination, then the salmon alevin package was employed to construct gene-by-cell matrices containing all the transcripts for each gene in each cell. The Seurat pipeline was used to extract this expression data from the matrices, normalize it, and perform dimensionality reduction. The cells were clustered based on similarities in their gene expression profiles. The cells formed eight clusters on a UMAP graph, each having distinct marker genes. Additionally, one cluster was composed of almost exclusively cells from the rhinophore ganglia, accounting for 30% of all rhinophore ganglion cells in the sample. Cells from the rhinophore ganglia are as heteregenous as cells from the rest of the brain, with cells forming six clusters. Cell populations that express the same neurotransmitter were identified for a wide range of both small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In a separate project, the locomotion of Berghia was recorded over 9 days with 2 lighting regimes: LD first and DD first. The results suggest that locomotion of Berghia is governed by circadian clock and that Berghia is nocturnal. Hunger state likely plays a role in modulating this circadian rhythm.
Casimir energy in the Gribov-Zwanziger approach to QCD
Creators: name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Rosa, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the Casimir energy of QCD within the Gribov-Zwanziger approach. In this model non-perturbative effects of gauge copies are properly taken into account. We show that the computation of the Casimir energy for the MIT bag model within the (refined) Gribov-Zwanziger approach not only gives the correct sign but it also gives an estimate for the radius of the bag.
description: 5 pages, No figures. The discussion about the constraints on the RGZ parameters (as well as about the corresponding estimates) imposed by the requirement to have the correct behaviour of the Casimir energy has been expanded. Version accepted for publication on Physical Review D
title: Parametric Study of Integral Abutment Bridge Using Finite Element Model
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Asako
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: A parametric study of single-span integral abutment bridge (IAB) was conducted using finite element analysis to explore the effects of various load conditions, bridge geometries, and soil properties. This study investigated the difference between the live load distribution of traditional jointed bridges and integral abutment bridges (IABs) under HL-93 truck component load. The results showed that AASHTO live load distribution factors (LLDFs) were overly conservative by up to 50% to use for IABs. LLDFs for IABs proposed by Dicleli and Erhan (2008) matched well for interior girder moment, but they were unconservative for exterior girder moment by up to 20% for the bridges studied. The study further investigated the effects of various parameters on the IAB responses under dead, live, and thermal loads and load combinations specified by AASHTO. The results of this study are limited to short to moderate single-span straight bridges under dead, live, and thermal loads. Due to a fixity of superstructure and abutments in IABs, the bridge response to each loading is influenced by the relative stiffness of superstructure to substructure. Under combined loads, the amount of each load effect varied depending on superstructure and substructure stiffness, but the critical load combination for each bridge response was determined in this study. Yielding of piles seems unavoidable for IABs built on sand under combined loads even after the change of pile size or pile orientation, but replacing the soil around top 3m (10ft) of piles with softer material is effective to reduce the significant amount of pile moment for IABs built on sand foundation soil. This thesis includes some design recommendations based on the findings of this study.
Isolation, screening, preliminary optimisation and characterisation of thermostable xylanase production under submerged fermentation by fungi in Durban, South Africa
Creators: name: Dhaver, Priyashini
name: Pletschke, Brett
name: Sithole, Bruce
name: Govinden, Roshini
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fungi are renowned for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes into their surrounding environment. Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of xylan degradation. The objectives of this study were to isolate, screen for potential xylanolytic fungi from soil and tree bark samples from three locations in South Africa and to determine their growth conditions for maximum xylanase production. Forty-six isolates were obtained based on clearing zone formation on xylan-enriched agar plates using Congo red indicator. Xylanase activity was quantified during submerged fermentation. Isolate MS5, identified as Trichoderma harzianum with the highest enzyme activity (38.17 U/ml) was selected for further studies based on thermophilic properties (70°C) and pH (5.0). The culture conditions; incubation period (5 days), agitation speed (160 rpm) wheat bran (1%) and ammonium sulphate (1.2%) were optimised further. Biochemical characterisation of the crude enzyme revealed two pH and temperature optima (pH 6.0 at 60°C and 70°C, pH 8.0 at 55°C and 75°C). The enzyme retained >70% activity after 4 h at pH 6.0 at 70°C. SDS-PAGE revealed multiple protein bands with a prominent band at 70 kDa. Substrate Native PAGE revealed multiple isoforms between 55 and 130 kDa. This enzyme will be beneficial for applications in the animal feed and biofuels industries.
Carbon Capture and Storage Policy in China
Creators: name: Gu, Yan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Carbon sequestration
Environmental law
Climatic changes

description: This paper examines the current state of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage technology (CCUS) in China as well as the related climate change policy, laws, and initiatives that might be used to encourage the large-scale deployment of carbon sequestration in China. The paper is organized in six sections. Section I examines the overall status of CCUS development in China, including CCUS research activities and demonstration project deployment. Section II discusses the broader environment of national climate change policies issued by the State Council (namely the Central People’s Government) and how it accommodates CCUS development policy. Section III reviews China’s technology policy and roadmap and how they guide the direction of research and development (R and D) of CCUS, as well as China’s development policy for implementing CCUS pilots and demonstration projects. Section IV explores Chinese environmental and energy laws that could be used for regulating CCUS activities and clarifying liability accordingly. Section V focuses on China’s cooperation with international organizations and developed countries to conduct R and D of advanced CCUS technologies and launch demonstration projects. Section VI overviews the barriers and challenges posed to CCUS in China in the future.
Discussion on the energy content of the galactic dark matter Bose-Einstein condensate halo in the Thomas-Fermi approximation
Creators: name: de Souza, J. C. C.
name: Pires, M. O. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the galactic dark matter halo, considered composed of an axionlike particles Bose-Einstein condensate \cite{pir12} trapped by a self-graviting potential \cite{boh07}, may be stable in the Thomas-Fermi approximation since appropriate choices for the dark matter particle mass and scattering length are made. The demonstration is performed by means of the calculation of the potential, kinetic and self-interaction energy terms of a galactic halo described by a Boehmer-Harko density profile. We discuss the validity of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for the halo system, and show that the kinetic energy contribution is indeed negligible.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; v.2: 11 pages, 3 figures, references added, matches published version in JCAP
"It's Not Easy Being Green": Local Initiatives, Preemption Problems, and the Market Participant Exception
Creators: name: Burger, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental law
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Federal government
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Article considers whether the market participant exception should be interpreted to exempt local climate change and sustainability initiatives from the "ceilings" imposed by existing environmental laws and pending federal climate change legislation. In the decades-long absence of federal action on climate change, local governments-along with the states-positioned themselves at the forefront of climate change and sustainability planning. In fact, state and local actions account for most of the nation's greenhouse gas reduction efforts to date. Yet, front-running localities are being limited by a preemption doctrine that fails to account for both the motives behind their initiatives and the actual effect they have on federal schemes. Indeed, while environmental law has long sought a balance between federalization and devolution of regulatory authority, current preemption doctrine, as applied to federal "ceilings," almost exclusively favors federalization values. The market participant exception offers a means to correct this imbalance. This Article begins by providing a detailed discussion of the evolution of the market participant exception in the dormant Commerce Clause and preemption contexts and unpacking the rationales behind federal floors" and "ceilings." It then analyzes the collapsing roles of governments and corporations as regulators and market actors, and recasts the work of local governments undertaking climate change initiatives as a "race to the top" of the market for "green" places to live, work, and invest. The Article then articulates a revised test for the market participant exception and illustrates through several case studies how the test can successfully empower local autonomy and enable local innovation without sacrificing the benefits of federal law.
Formation of ultracold molecules by merging optical tweezers
Creators: name: Ruttley, Daniel K.
name: Guttridge, Alexander
name: Spence, Stefan
name: Bird, Robert C.
name: Sueur, C. Ruth Le
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
name: Cornish, Simon L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the formation of a single RbCs molecule during the merging of two optical tweezers, one containing a single Rb atom and the other a single Cs atom. Both atoms are initially predominantly in the motional ground states of their respective tweezers. We confirm molecule formation and establish the state of the molecule formed by measuring its binding energy. We find that the probability of molecule formation can be controlled by tuning the confinement of the traps during the merging process, in good agreement with coupled-channel calculations. We show that the conversion efficiency from atoms to molecules using this technique is comparable to magnetoassociation.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Zero sound in a two-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas
Creators: name: Lu, Zhen-Kai
name: Matveenko, S. I.
name: Shlyapnikov, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study zero sound in a weakly interacting 2D gas of single-component fermionic dipoles (polar molecules or atoms with a large magnetic moment) tilted with respect to the plane of their translational motion. It is shown that the propagation of zero sound is provided by both mean field and many-body (beyond mean field) effects, and the anisotropy of the sound velocity is the same as the one of the Fermi velocity. The damping of zero sound modes can be much slower than that of quasiparticle excitations of the same energy. One thus has wide possibilities for the observation of zero sound modes in experiments with 2D fermionic dipoles, although the zero sound peak in the structure function is very close to the particle-hole continuum.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Nachweis derjenigen Akten des Abgeordneten von Reden, welche dem beim Volkswirthschafts-Ausschuss eingerichteten statistischen Büreau (Weydt'sches Haus in der Löweneckgasse) zur Benutzung durch die Mitglieder des verfassunggebenden Reichstags, mitgetheilt worden sind; [1848]
Creators: name: Reden, Friedrich Wilhelm von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Druck von August Osterrieth in Frankfurt a. M.
Influence of plant growth-promoting endophytes Colletotrichum siamense and Diaporthe masirevici on tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Creators: name: da Silva Santos, Shalene
name: da Silva, Angela Aparecida
name: Polonio, Julio Cesar
name: Polli, Andressa Domingos
name: Orlandelli, Ravely Casarotti
name: dos Santos Oliveira, João Arthur
name: Brandão-Filho, José Usan Torres
name: Azevedo, João Lúcio
name: Pamphile, João Alencar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The protective and growth-promoting activities of Colletrotrichum and Diaporthe endophytes on tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are underexplored. We screened 40 endophytic fungi associated with Mexican shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeana) using an in vitro dual culture assay for Fusarium oxysporum, one of the most important phytopathogens of tomato plants. The three best antagonists, Colletotrichum siamense (JB224.g1), C. siamense (JB252.g1), and Diaporthe masirevicii (JB270), were identified based on multilocus sequence analysis. They were assessed in vitro for their inhibition of F. oxysporum and phosphate solubilisation capacity, and for the production of indole acetic acid. Greenhouse experiments verified the growth-promoting effects of these endophytes and the suppression of F. oxysporum symptoms in tomato plants. Under greenhouse conditions, the JB252.g1 and JB270 isolates showed positive results for seedling emergence speed. The radicular system depth of plants inoculated with JB270 was greater than that in uninoculated plants (27.21 vs 21.95 cm). The soil plant analysis development chlorophyll metre (SPAD) index showed statistically significant results, especially for the endophyte JB224.g1 (36.99) compared to the control plants (30.90) and plants infected solely with F. oxysporum (33.64).
The (Re)Federalization of Fracking Regulation
Creators: name: Burger, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Federal government
subject: Environmental law
subject: Environmental health
subject: Natural gas--Safety regulations
subject: Hydraulic fracturing
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The purpose of this Article is to defend environmental law's federalism choices from the insinuation that they do not match fracking's environmental impacts and to demonstrate that fracking does indeed belong under the umbrella of federal law. The Article proceeds in four Parts. Part I establishes the federalism-choice analysis framework and applies it to both state and federal regulation of fracking. Part II buttresses the conclusion that federal regulation of potential impacts on underground drinking-water supplies is appropriate through a fresh and extensive examination of the statutory scheme and legislative history of SDWA. Part III offers further support for federal law's applicability to fracking through a more abbreviated look at RCRA and EPCRA. Part V details the ongoing trend toward federalization of fracking regulation under environmental law, offers a new federalism analysis of several possible regulatory measures, and proposes that, in the absence of direct federal regulation, either the federal government or the states should ramp up efforts to promote policy diffusion and the spread of best practices. A brief conclusion follows.