Plagiopyla rariseta Li &amp; Zhuang &amp; Feng &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Schrecengost &amp; Roưerova &amp; Beinart &amp; Hu 2023, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Li, Ran
name: Zhuang, Wenbao
name: Feng, Xiaochen
name: Al-Farraj, Saleh A.
name: Schrecengost, Anna
name: Roưerova, Johana
name: Beinart, Roxanne A.
name: Hu, Xiaozhong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Kinetofragminophora
Plagiopylida
Plagiopylidae
Plagiopyla
Plagiopyla rariseta

description: <i>Plagiopyla rariseta</i> sp.nov. <b>(Figs 4, 5; Table 3)</b> <i>ZooBank registration:</i> urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DD5C54CE-052D-4C2B-BA78-89C3B604B104. <i>Diagnosis:</i> Cell size 55–80 × 25–45 μm <i>in vivo</i>, shape ellipsoidal. Length to width ratio 1.4–2.2: 1 <i>in</i> vivo. 50–58 monokinetidal somatic kineties. Cilia above the oral opening loosely arranged. One globular to slightly ellipsoidal macronucleus and one small, spherical micronucleus. Striated band about 32 μm long, extending to below midbody. One dense ciliary row. Numerous curved extrusomes, 8–11 µm long. Region above oral opening about 30% of cell length. Tube-shaped buccal cavity obliquely extended to the le&amp;hstrok; dorsal side, about 80% of cell width, bending upwards in the middle. <i>Etymology:</i> Composite of the Latin words <i>rara</i> (few, sparse) and <i>saeta</i> (bristle ~ cilia), referring to sparse cilia above the oral opening. <i>Type locality:</i> Sediments of intertidal zone in Bainidi Park, ºingdao, China (36°12ʹ03.1″N; 120°22ʹ27.3″E). <i>Type deposition:</i> The protargol slide (registration number: LR2020071701-01) with the holotype specimen (Figs 4H, I, 5F, G) and several paratype specimens, and another slide (registration number: LR2020071701-02) with several paratype specimens were deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of China, ºingdao, China. The holotype was marked by a black ink circle on the back side of the slide. <i>Description of Chinese population:</i> Body non-contractile, 55–80 × 25–45 μm <i>in vivo</i>, with length to width ratio 1.4–2.2:1. Shape ellipsoidal in both living and stained cells, dorsoventrally flaưened (Figs 4A, 5A, B). Cortex ridged with kinetosomes located at top of ridges (Fig. 5K). Cytoplasm colourless, including numerous small globular granules and a few food vacuoles with green algae inside (Figs 4A, 5A, B, L). One globular to slightly ellipsoidal macronucleus, 18–23 × 18–20 µm <i>in vivo</i> and 13–22 × 12–21 µm a&amp;hstrok;er staining, mostly located at midbody (Figs 4A, E, 5E). Single globular micronucleus, relatively small, 1.1–1.7 µm across in stained specimens, always slightly enveloped by macronucleus, hardly observed <i>in vivo</i> (Fig. 5E). Numerous curved extrusomes 8–11 µm long, distributed randomly in endoplasm and relatively densely under the cortex (Figs 4A, B, 5L). Extruded extrusomes slender, needle-shaped, 20–37 µm long (Figs 4C, 5C). Single subterminal contractile vacuole, opens dorsally with two distinct pores (Figs 4A, D, 5A, B, K, N). Striated band on dorsal surface, 29–35 µm long, 3–4 µm wide, extending below midlength. In normal cells, striated band usually rodshaped viewed from dorsal side, parallel to ciliary rows, loop at the front part easily observed in compressed cells (Figs 4D, I, 5O). Swims by spiralling counter-clockwise around body axis. Sluggish or even motionless a&amp;hstrok;er a period of exposure to air. Somatic cilia 10–15 µm long, uniformly packed in 50–58 monokinetidal longitudinal kineties (25–31 on ventral, 25–30 on dorsal), except for about two dikinetid-like structures right to frontal region of striated band (Figs 4G, H, I, 5F, G). Cilia above the oral opening arranged loosely (Figs 4H, 5F). Seven to nine caudal cilia positioned at le&amp;hstrok; rear margin, rigid, around 10 µm long, oriented to lower le&amp;hstrok; (Figs 4A, 5M). One dense ciliary row (DC), 8–11 µm long, comprised of 10–16 kinetosomes, located le&amp;hstrok; to cytoproct on dorsal side (Figs 4D, I, 5G). Oral opening slit-shaped, opened at right ventral surface, surrounded by two lip-like structures (Figs 4A, H, 5A, B, F, H, J). No obvious nose-like structure on right side of upper oral lip. Region above oral opening about 30% of cell length. Buccal cavity long and thick, obliquely extended to le&amp;hstrok; dorsal side, forming a deep tube, about 80% of cell width, making an upwards bend in middle (Figs 4F, 5D, H, I). Distance from anterior end of cell to top of buccal cavity 10–12 μm. Oral ciliature much denser than somatic one and discontinuous, leaving gaps around upper and lower lips, with upper gap 2–4 μm wide (Figs 4H, 5F). Oral kineties (51– 56) extended from exterior of oral cavity to interior (Figs 4F, H, 5D, F). Upper oral lip kineties 5–8 μm long (Figs 4F, H, 5D, F).
description: Published as part of <i>Li, Ran, Zhuang, Wenbao, Feng, Xiaochen, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Schrecengost, Anna, Roưerova, Johana, Beinart, Roxanne A. &amp; Hu, Xiaozhong, 2023, Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of three anaerobic plagiopyleans (Alveolata: Ciliophora), retrieved from two geographically distant localities in Asia and North America, pp. 493-510 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2)</i> on page 499, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad015, http://zenodo.org/record/8426115