cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The role of consolidation and leadership by the national cancer screening program in symptomatic and asymptomatic radiological breast imaging optimisation and breast dose reduction in Ireland
Creators: name: Sugrue, Gavin
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Action 11 - Dialogue with industry
subject: Action 3 - Image quality assessment based on clinical indications
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 5 - Exchange and collaboration with medical industry
subject: Action 4 - Quality of radiological equipment
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Mammography
subject: Physics
subject: Workforce

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting European women today and is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality [i] . The premise for breast cancer screening is early detection and earlier treatment [ii] and is founded on a large...
VAFB-1980-10: RE: Report on the HDR V Project - SBA-1036 Archaeological Mitigation Definition of the Proposed Gatehouse on El Rancho Lateral Road Associated with the MX Project on Vandenberg Air Force Base
Creators: name: Snethkamp, Pandora
name: Ford, Duncan
name: Ford, Anabel
Year: 1980

description: This document is a letter report to Steve Craig of Henningson, Durham and Richardson, dated 3 July 1980, that reports the results of subsurface testing at CA-SBA-1036 located along El Rancho Lateral Road on VAFB in support of the environmental review process associated with the MX missile program. The purpose of the subsurface testing program was to define the scope of the mitigation required by providing accurate assessments of the depth of constituents and categories of information present within the construction impact zone. This multi-component site appears to retain integrity and would have adverse effects.
Core-envelope decoupling drives radial shear dynamos in cool stars
Creators: name: Cao, Lyra
name: Pinsonneault, Marc H.
name: van Saders, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential rotation is thought to be responsible for the dynamo process in stars like our Sun, driving magnetic activity and star spots. We report that star spot measurements in the Praesepe open cluster are strongly enhanced only for stars which depart from standard models of rotational evolution. A decoupling of the spin down history between the core and envelope explains both the activity and rotation anomalies: surface rotational evolution is stalled by interior angular momentum redistribution, and the resultant radial shears enhance star spot activity. These anomalies provide evidence for an evolving front of shear-enhanced activity affecting the magnetic and rotational evolution of cool stars and the high-energy environments of their planetary companions for hundreds of millions to billions of years on the main sequence.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
title: Patient Dose in Breast Imaging: a retrospective analysis
Creators: name: Morasca, Andrea
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dosimetry
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional display technology for available for breast volumetric images from a finite number of two-dimensional projections at low dose, obtained at different angles relative to the X-ray tube...
A comprehensive study on the relation between the metal enrichment of ionised and atomic gas in star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Arabsalmani, M.
name: Garratt-Smithson, L.
name: Wijers, N.
name: Schaye, J.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Lagos, C. D. P.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Obreschkow, D.
name: Peroux, C.
name: Schneider, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between the metallicities of ionised and atomic gas in star-forming galaxies at z=0-3 using the EAGLE cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations. This is done by constructing a dense grid of sightlines through the simulated galaxies and obtaining the star formation rate- and HI column density-weighted metallicities, Z_{SFR} and Z_{HI}, for each sightline as proxies for the metallicities of ionised and atomic gas, respectively. We find Z_{SFR} > Z_{HI} for almost all sightlines, with their difference generally increasing with decreasing metallicity. The stellar masses of galaxies do not have a significant effect on this trend, but the positions of the sightlines with respect to the galaxy centres play an important role: the difference between the two metallicities decreases when moving towards the galaxy centres, and saturates to a minimum value in the central regions of galaxies, irrespective of redshift and stellar mass. This implies that the mixing of the two gas phases is most efficient in the central regions of galaxies where sightlines generally have high column densities of HI. However, a high HI column density alone doesn't guarantee a small difference between the two metallicities. In galaxy outskirts, the inefficiency of the mixing of star-forming gas with HI seems to dominate over the dilution of heavy elements in HI through mixing with the pristine gas. We find good agreement between the available observational data and the Z_{SFR}-Z_{HI} relation predicted by the EAGLE simulations. Though, observed regions with a nuclear-starburst mode of star formation appear not to follow the same relation.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
(100837) Sophia Dunlop Gemmell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Topological quantum phase transition in individual Fe Atoms on MoS$_2$/Au(111)
Creators: name: Blesio, G. G.
name: Aligia, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment [Trishin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 236801 (2021)] a rich physics was observed for Fe atoms on MoS$_2$/Au(111), characterized by three different behaviors depending on the spectral density of the substrate $ρ_c$: one dominated by a single ion anisotropy, one by the Kondo effect, and an intermediate one. Based on symmetry and previous works, we show that the appropriate model to describe the system is the anisotropic two-channel spin-1 Kondo model (A2CS1KM), which has an underlying topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) between an ordinary Fermi liquid and a topological one with a non-trivial value of the Luttinger integral. Solving the model with the numerical renormalization group (NRG), we show that the different behaviors can be explained in a unified fashion as a function of $ρ_c$, and correspond to both Fermi liquids and an intermediate regime close to the TQPT in the topological phase. Further experiments should confirm this transition.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; minor changes and figures simplified
Complexity of Magnetization and Magnetic Simplification
Creators: name: Ávila, Daniel
name: Díaz, César
name: Patiño, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the complexity=volume (CV) prescription to study the effect of a magnetic field on the computational complexity for states in the gauge theories dual to two different gravitational models. In one of these theories the complexity increases with the intensity of the magnetic field, while in the other a more interesting behavior is discovered, resulting in a phenomenon that we term magnetic simplification. The relevant difference between the two theories is that the content of the second includes a scalar operator with a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value. This leads us to conclude that the direct impact of the magnetic field is to increase the complexity of a state, but it can indirectly lower it by diminishing the complexity associated to additional degrees of freedom when these do not vanish across the space. We additionally compare the results obtained working in the full ten-dimensional backgrounds and in their effective five-dimensional truncations, exhibiting that the question is still current about which surface, whether the uplift of the 5D extremal hypersurface or the extremal surface in 10D, should be used in the CV prescription.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures. Published version, updated figures 4,6,12 and some extra comments about these were added
Alpha Cluster Model of Atomic Nuclei
Creators: name: Sosin, Zbigniew
name: Błocki, Jan
name: Kallunkathariyil, Jinesh
name: Łukasik, Jerzy
name: Pawłowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Description of a nuclear system in its ground state and at low excitations based on the equation of state (EoS) around normal density is presented. In the expansion of the EoS around the saturation point additional spin polarization terms are taken into account. These terms, together with the standard symmetry term, are responsible for appearance of the $α$-like clusters in the ground state configurations of the N=Z even-even nuclei. At the nuclear surface these clusters can be identified as alpha particles. A correction for the surface effects is introduced for atomic nuclei. Taking into account an additional interaction between clusters the binding energies and sizes of the considered nuclei are very accurately described. The limits of the EoS parameters are established from the properties of the $α$, $^{3}$He and $t$ particles.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
title: Ask Eurosafe Imaging
Creators: name: Paulo, Graciano
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 12 - Information for and communication with patients
subject: Action 8 - Radiation protection training and learning material
subject: Action 11 - Improved patient communication
subject: Action 6 - Education and training in medical radiation protection
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Education and training

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Ask EuroSafe Imaging The mission of EuroSafe Imaging is to support and strengthen medical radiation protection across Europe following a holistic, inclusive approach. 96 Normal 0 21 false false false PT X-NONE X-NONE EuroSafe Imaging aims at...
Simbiosi Fasano (Unified Theory of the Wavelength of Particles)
Creators: name: Fasano, Paolo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document explores a new theory that unifies the description of the wavelength

of particles, based on the de Broglie principle, and extends the applications

of wavelength to a wide range of particles, from massless particles such as

photons to massive particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons. The theory

focuses on the interaction between particle wavelength and energy perturbations

that can modify it.
title: Low and Achievable: Breast Dose Reduction in Thorax CT
Creators: name: Akata, Deniz
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Breast
subject: Action 8 - Radiation protection training and learning material
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 6 - Education and training in medical radiation protection
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Radiation dose in breast tissue concerns physicians because of its relative high sensitivity to radiation compared with other organs in the thorax. Absorbed breastdoses are reported in the range of 4.3–66 mGy with current MDCT techniques that...
Heart Rate Variability, Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution, and Glucose Homeostasis: The Environmental Epidemiology of Arrhythmogenesis in the Women's Health Initiative
Creators: name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Christ, Sharon L.
name: Quibrera, P. Miguel
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Liao, Duanping
name: Anderson, Garnet L.
name: Prineas, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Metabolic neuropathophysiology underlying the prediabetic state may confer susceptibility to the adverse health effects of ambient particulate matter <10 μm in diameter (PM10). The authors therefore examined whether impaired glucose homeostasis modifies the effect of PM10 on heart rate variability in a stratified, random sample of 4,295 Women's Health Initiative clinical trial participants, among whom electrocardiograms and fasting blood draws were repeated at 3-year intervals from 1993 to 2004. In multilevel, mixed models weighted for sampling design and adjusted for clinical and environmental covariables, PM10 exposure was inversely associated with heart rate variability. Inverse PM10–heart rate variability associations were strongest for the root mean square of successive differences in normal-to-normal RR intervals (RMSSD). Among participants with impaired fasting glucose, there were −8.3% (95% confidence interval: −13.9, −2.4) versus −0.6% (95% confidence interval: −2.4, 1.3), −8.4% (95% confidence interval: −13.8, −2.7) versus −0.3% (95% confidence interval: −2.1, 1.6), and −4.3% (95% confidence interval: −9.4, 1.0) versus −0.8% (95% confidence interval: −2.7, 1.0) decreases in the RMSSD per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 at high versus low levels of insulin (P < 0.01), insulin resistance (P < 0.01), and glucose (P = 0.16), respectively. These associations were stronger among participants with diabetes and weaker among those without diabetes or impaired fasting glucose. The findings suggest that insulin and insulin resistance exacerbate the adverse effect of PM10 on cardiac autonomic control and thus risk of coronary heart disease among nondiabetic, postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose.
Photoionisation Feedback in a Self-Gravitating, Magnetised, Turbulent Cloud
Creators: name: Geen, Sam
name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: Tremblin, Pascal
name: Rosdahl, Joakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new set of analytic models for the expansion of HII regions powered by UV photoionisation from massive stars and compare them to a new suite of radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, self-gravitating molecular clouds. To perform these simulations we use the Eulerian adaptive mesh magnetohydrodynamics code RAMSES-RT, including radiative transfer of UV photons. Our analytic models successfully predict the global behaviour of the HII region provided the density and velocity structure of the cloud is known. We give estimates for the HII region behaviour based on a power law fit to the density field assuming that the system is virialised. We give a radius at which the ionisation front should stop expanding ("stall"). If this radius is smaller than the distance to the edge of the cloud, the HII region will be trapped by the cloud. This effect is more severe in collapsing clouds than in virialised clouds, since the density in the former increases dramatically over time, with much larger photon emission rates needed for the HII region to escape a collapsing cloud. We also measure the response of Jeans unstable gas to the HII regions to predict the impact of UV radiation on star formation in the cloud. We find that the mass in unstable gas can be explained by a model in which the clouds are evaporated by UV photons, suggesting that the net feedback on star formation should be negative
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor corrections to equations in Sections 2.3, 2.4
title: Is your Imaging EuroSafe?
Creators: name: Paulo, Graciano
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Radiation safety
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 10 - EuroSafe Imaging Stars
subject: Action 8 - EuroSafe Imaging Stars network and data collection
subject: Trauma

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Themissionof EuroSafe Imaging is tosupportandstrengthen medical radiation protectionacrossEuropefollowing a holistic, inclusive approach. EuroSafe Imaging Stars is an initiative designed to identify and recognise imaging facilities worldwide that...
Longitudinal Trends in Hazardous Alcohol Consumption Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1995-2006
Creators: name: Howard, Andrea A.
name: Plankey, Michael
name: Cohen, Mardge H.
name: Hessol, Nancy A.
name: Weber, Kathleen
name: Cook, Robert L.
name: Zhu, Fang
name: Wilson, Tracey E.
name: Belnap, Bea Herbeck
name: Vlahov, David
name: Cook, Judith A.
name: Sharp, Gerald B.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Richardson, Jean L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several adverse health and behavioral outcomes, but the proportion of HIV-positive women who engage in hazardous drinking over time is unclear. The authors sought to determine rates of hazardous alcohol consumption among these women over time and to identify factors associated with this behavior. Subjects were 2,770 HIV-positive women recruited from 6 US cities who participated in semiannual follow-up visits in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1995 to 2006. Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined as exceeding daily (≥4 drinks) or weekly (>7 drinks) consumption recommendations. Over the 11-year follow-up period, 14%–24% of the women reported past-year hazardous drinking, with a slight decrease in hazardous drinking over time. Women were significantly more likely to report hazardous drinking if they were unemployed, were not high school graduates, had been enrolled in the original cohort (1994–1995), had a CD4 cell count of 200–500 cells/mL, were hepatitis C-seropositive, or had symptoms of depression. Approximately 1 in 5 of the women met criteria for hazardous drinking. Interventions to identify and address hazardous drinking among HIV-positive women are urgently needed.
Improving Facilitation Skills
Creators: name: McCarter, Beck
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development

description: This booklet is the pre-learning I set for Unit 4 of the Fundamentals of Team-Based Learning CPD programme. It provides an introduction to the framework and key concepts so that participants are ready to explore them in greater depth when they join the session.
Long-term Use of  -Carotene, Retinol, Lycopene, and Lutein Supplements and Lung Cancer Risk: Results From the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Study
Creators: name: White, Emily
name: Littman, Alyson
name: Satia, Jessie A.
name: Galanko, Joseph A.
name: Slatore, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: High-dose β-carotene supplementation in high-risk persons has been linked to increased lung cancer risk in clinical trials; whether effects are similar in the general population is unclear. The authors examined associations of supplemental β-carotene, retinol, vitamin A, lutein, and lycopene with lung cancer risk among participants, aged 50–76 years, in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort Study in Washington State. In 2000–2002, eligible persons (n = 77,126) completed a 24-page baseline questionnaire, including detailed questions about supplement use (duration, frequency, dose) during the previous 10 years from multivitamins and individual supplements/mixtures. Incident lung cancers (n = 521) through December 2005 were identified by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Longer duration of use of individual β-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements (but not total 10-year average dose) was associated with statistically significantly elevated risk of total lung cancer and histologic cell types; for example, hazard ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 3.17 for individual supplemental lutein with total lung cancer and hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 8.07 for individual β-carotene with small-cell lung cancer for >4 years versus no use. There was little evidence for effect modification by gender or smoking status. Long-term use of individual β-carotene, retinol, and lutein supplements should not be recommended for lung cancer prevention, particularly among smokers.
Processi di internazionalizzazione e sistemi di PMI nell'Economia della conoscenza : un'esplorazione empirica integrata a livello regionale
Creators: name: DE NONI, IVAN
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2010

description: The analysis of the main theories on the process of internationalization of SMEs highlights multiple perspectives of interpretation. Each one focuses on what it believes to be a key determinant of international involvement, form resources/skills availability to relationships, from management capabilities to the risk appetite of the entrepreneur, and assesses the implications for the process of expanding into foreign markets, the benefits in terms of competitiveness and its chances of success. However, what you can easily find out by literature review is that a more or less complex learning and organizational process existence represents the base of the growth path of SMEs. A knowledge based perspective allows to model the path of business growth based on the capacity to exploit the knowledge within the organization and the ability to acquire and manage knowledge outside the company through a systematic process of exploration, associated with positive externalities resulting from an increased international involvement. The empirical analysis on a sample of micro and small enterprises in Emilia Romagna is developed at the macro level, in order to study the relationship between internationalization, knowledge and performance by assessing the cause and effect link and at the micro level, with the aim to identify policy recommendations that allow improve the approach of SME to internationalization process and define the role of other actors of the territory (banks, private and public associations, region and State)
How old is this bird? The age distribution under some phase sampling schemes
Creators: name: Hautphenne, Sophie
name: Massaro, Melanie
name: Taylor, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, we use a finite-state continuous-time Markov chain with one absorbing state to model an individual's lifetime. Under this model, the time of death follows a phase-type distribution, and the transient states of the Markov chain are known as phases. We then attempt to provide an answer to the simple question "What is the conditional age distribution of the individual, given its current phase"? We show that the answer depends on how we interpret the question, and in particular, on the phase observation scheme under consideration. We then apply our results to the computation of the age pyramid for the endangered Chatham Island black robin Petroica traversi during years of intensive conservation efforts in 1980-1989.
A Stability Timescale for Non-Hierarchical Three-Body Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Eric
name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Will, Clifford M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational three-body problem is a fundamental problem in physics and has significant applications to astronomy. Three-body configurations are often considered stable as long the system is hierarchical; that is, the two orbital distances are well-separated. However, instability, which is often associated with significant energy exchange between orbits, takes time to develop. Assuming two massive objects in a circular orbit and a test particle in an eccentric orbit, we develop an analytical formula estimating the time it takes for the test particle's orbital energy to change by an order of itself. We show its consistency with results from N-body simulations. For eccentric orbits in particular, the instability is primarily driven not by close encounters of the test particle with one of the other bodies, but by the fundamental susceptibility of eccentric orbits to exchange energy at their periapsis. Motivated by recent suggestions that the galactic center may host an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) as a companion to the massive black hole Sgr A*, we use our timescale to explore the parameter space that could harbor an IMBH for the lifetime of the S-cluster of stars surrounding Sgr A*. Furthermore, we show that the orbit of an S-star can be stable for long timescales in the presence of other orbital crossing stars, thus suggesting that the S-cluster may be stable for the lifetimes of its member stars.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Submitted ApJ - Comments welcome
Maternal Antenatal Complications and the Risk of Neonatal Cerebral White Matter Damage and Later Cerebral Palsy in Children Born at an Extremely Low Gestational Age
Creators: name: Boggess, Kim A.
name: Kuban, Karl
name: Oshea, T. Michael
name: McElrath, Thomas F.
name: Leviton, Alan
name: Paneth, Nigel
name: Allred, Elizabeth N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In a 2002–2004 prospective cohort study of deliveries of infants at <28 weeks at 14 US centers, the authors sought the antecedents of white matter damage evident in newborn cranial ultrasound scans (ventriculomegaly and an echolucent lesion) and of cerebral palsy diagnoses at age 2 years. Of the 1,455 infants enrolled, those whose mothers received an antenatal steroid tended to have lower risks of ventriculomegaly and an echolucent lesion than their peers (10% vs. 23%, P < 0.001 and 7% vs. 11%, P = 0.06, respectively). Risk of ventriculomegaly was increased for infants delivered because of preterm labor (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 4.9), preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 8.7), and cervical insufficiency (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.5) when compared with infants delivered because of preeclampsia. Risk of an echolucent lesion was increased for infants delivered because of preterm labor (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.7) and intrauterine growth retardation (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 9.4). The doubling of diparesis risk associated with preterm labor and with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes did not achieve statistical significance, nor did the doubling of quadriparesis risk and the tripling of diparesis risk associated with cervical insufficiency.
Theory of remote entanglement via quantum-limited phase-preserving amplification
Creators: name: Silveri, Matti
name: Zalys-Geller, Evan
name: Hatridge, Michael
name: Leghtas, Zaki
name: Devoret, Michel H.
name: Girvin, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a quantum-limited phase-preserving amplifier can act as a which-path information eraser when followed by heterodyne detection. This 'beam splitter with gain' implements a continuous joint measurement on the signal sources. As an application, we propose heralded concurrent remote entanglement generation between two qubits coupled dispersively to separate cavities. Dissimilar qubit-cavity pairs can be made indistinguishable by simple engineering of the cavity driving fields providing further experimental flexibility and the prospect for scalability. Additionally, we find an analytic solution for the stochastic master equation, a quantum filter, yielding a thorough physical understanding of the nonlinear measurement process leading to an entangled state of the qubits. We determine the concurrence of the entangled states and analyze its dependence on losses and measurement inefficiencies.
description: Main text (11 pages, 5 figures), updated to the published version
Meta- and Pooled Analyses of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer: A HuGE-GSEC Review
Creators: name: Budai, B.
name: Gemignani, F.
name: Matsuo, K.
name: Chen, K.
name: Garza, M. A.
name: Toffoli, G.
name: Moreno, V.
name: Plaschke, J.
name: Keku, T.
name: Little, J.
name: Lima, C. S.P.
name: Taioli, E.
name: Moore, C. G.
name: Thomas, S. B.
name: Le Marchand, L.
name: Bost, J.
name: Pufulete, M.
name: Wolf, C. R.
name: Bishop, D. T.
name: Ahn, Y. O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Worldwide, over 1 million cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) were reported in 2002, with a 50% mortality rate, making CRC the second most common cancer in adults. Certain racial/ethnic populations continue to experience a disproportionate burden of CRC. A common polymorphism in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been associated with a lower risk of CRC. The authors performed both a meta-analysis (29 studies; 11,936 cases, 18,714 controls) and a pooled analysis (14 studies; 5,068 cases, 7,876 controls) of the C677T MTHFR polymorphism and CRC, with stratification by racial/ethnic population and behavioral risk factors. There were few studies on different racial/ethnic populations. The overall meta-analysis odds ratio for CRC for persons with the TT genotype was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 0.90). An inverse association was observed in whites (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.94) and Asians (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.96) but not in Latinos or blacks. Similar results were observed for Asians, Latinos, and blacks in the pooled analysis. The inverse association between the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and CRC was not significantly modified by smoking status or body mass index; however, it was present in regular alcohol users only. The MTHFR 677TT polymorphism seems to be associated with a reduced risk of CRC, but this may not hold true for all populations.
(100839) Isobel M Gemmell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fundamental properties of Alkali-intercalated bilayer graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Huynh, Thi My Duyen
name: Hung, Guo-Song
name: Gumbs, Godfreys
name: Tran, Ngoc Thanh Thuy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Along with the inherent remarkable properties of graphene, adatom-intercalated graphene-related systems are expected to exhibit tunable electronic properties. The metal-based atoms could provide multi-orbital hybridizations with the out-of-plane pi-bondings on the carbon honeycomb lattice, which dominates the fundamental properties of chemisorption systems. In this work, using the first-principles calculations, the feature-rich properties of alkali-metal intercalated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are investigated, including edge passivation, stacking configurations, intercalation sites, stability, charge density distribution, magnetic configuration, and electronic properties. There exists a transformation from finite gap semiconducting to metallic behaviors, indicating enhanced electrical conductivity. They arise from the cooperative or competitive relations among the significant chemical bonds, finite-size quantum confinement, edge structure, and stacking order. Moreover, the decoration of edge structures with hydrogen and oxygen atoms is considered to provide more information about the stability and magnetization due to the ribbon' effect. These findings will be helpful for experimental fabrications and measurements for further investigation of GNRs-based materials.
Peer Evaluation & Team Development
Creators: name: McCarter, Beck
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development

description: This booklet is the pre-learning I set for Unit 5 of the Fundamentals of Team-Based Learning CPD programme. It provides an introduction to the framework and key concepts so that participants are ready to explore them in greater depth when they join the session.
title: Patient centering effects on Size-Specific Dose Estimates (SSDE)
Creators: name: Ahlström Riklund, Katrine
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Action 5 - Performance indicators for radiation protection management
subject: Action 10 - EuroSafe Imaging Stars
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 9 - Development of criteria for safe imaging procedures
subject: Action 8 - EuroSafe Imaging Stars network and data collection
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Physics
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: The concept of Size-Specific Dose Estimates (SSDE) for refining computed tomography (CT) dosimetry has been proposed in the Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 204.[1] The present conventional metrics for...
RECONSTRUCTING COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND FUNCTIONS IN DEGLACIATED AREAS THROUGH AN AD HOC ENVIRONMENTAL DNA METABARCODING TECHNIQUE
Creators: name: GUERRIERI, ALESSIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2022

description: Deglaciated areas are increasing worldwide due to the global glacier shrinkage and are undergoing rapid colonization by multiple lifeforms, thus representing experimental systems to study community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Our understanding of biotic colonization after glacier retreat has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to the integration of methodological innovations and ecological theories. The development of standardized, robust and previously tested molecular tools can shed light on fundamental gaps in ecological research. Here, I show how classical approaches can be combined with environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and functional trait analysis to document the formation of multitrophic communities, improving our understanding of the biotic processes that occur following the retreat of glaciers. This work contributed to both a methodological advancement of the eDNA metabarcoding technique and a conceptual advancement in the understanding of the dynamics of communities in deglaciated areas. In the first half of my thesis, I show how some important methodological approaches can be optimized to improve the strength and reliability of datasets built using eDNA metabarcoding. Specifically, I compare several approaches to soil preservation, and show that both low temperature and desiccation can enable long-term soil conservation before eDNA extraction. Subsequently, I compare thresholds for the bioinformatics clustering of metabarcoding data, and evaluate how optimal thresholds can be defined on the basis of study aims and markers. In the second half of the thesis, I analyse how environmental factors influence the colonization of glacier forelands by several taxonomic groups (bacteria, fungi, microeukaryotes and animals). By using a multi-taxa approach, I investigate how soil depth and time since glacier retreat influence the colonization of ice-free areas, and show that different groups colonize the forelands in a similar way, with communities homogenizing through different depths with time. Finally, I evaluate how time since glacier retreat, soil features and climate interact in determining the velocity of colonization of nematodes, and show how they shape community structure and functionality through succession. Understanding how metabarcoding data can be properly used to assess the colonization of glacier forelands and how different factors influence this process is particularly important in the context of ongoing climate change and for the extrapolation of current observations to the future. Besides helping to understand the biological consequence of the retreat of glaciers, the advancements provided here may allow the development of scenarios on how mountain environments can change over the next century.
Quasi-classical simulations of resonance Raman spectra based on path integral linearization
Creators: name: Bessone, Hugo
name: Vuilleumier, Rodolphe
name: Spezia, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a linearization approximation coupled with path integral formalism, we propose a method derived from the propagation of quasi-classical trajectories to simulate resonance Raman spectra. This method is based on a ground state sampling followed by an ensemble of trajectories on the mean surface between the ground and excited states. The method was tested on three models and compared to quantum mechanics solution based on a sum-over-states approach: harmonic and anharmonic oscillators and the HOCl molecule (hypochlorous acid). The method proposed is able to correctly characterize resonance Raman scattering and enhancement, including the description of overtones and combination bands. The absorption spectrum is obtained at the same time and the vibrational fine structure can be reproduced for long excited state relaxation times. The method can be applied also to dissociating excited states (as is the case for HOCl).
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors in African-American and White Women
Creators: name: Akushevich, Lucy
name: Palmieri, Rachel T.
name: Moorman, Patricia G.
name: Schildkraut, Joellen M.
name: Berchuck, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in both African-American and white women. Although prevalences of many ovarian cancer risk factors differ markedly between African Americans and whites, there has been little research on how the relative contributions of risk factors may vary between racial/ethnic groups. Using data from a North Carolina case-control study (1999–2008), the authors conducted unconditional logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ovarian cancer risk factors in African-American (143 cases, 189 controls) and white (943 cases, 868 controls) women and to test for interactions by race/ethnicity. They also calculated attributable fractions within each racial/ethnic group for the modifiable factors of pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, and body mass index. Many risk factors showed similar relations across racial/ethnic groups, but tubal ligation and family history of breast or ovarian cancer showed stronger associations among African Americans. Younger age at menarche was associated with risk only in white women. Attributable fractions associated with tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use, and obesity were markedly higher for African Americans. The relative importance of ovarian cancer risk factors may differ for African-American women, but conclusions were limited by the small sample. There is a clear need for further research on etiologic factors for ovarian cancer in African-American women.
FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC APPROACHES TO SENSITIZE HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES TO PROTEASOME INHIBITORS
Creators: name: BANDINI, CECILIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are extensively used for the therapy of multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL). Nevertheless, patients continuously relapse or are intrinsically resistant to PIs.Here, to identify druggable targets that synergize with PIs, we carried out a functional screening in MM cell lines using a shRNA library targeting cancer driver genes. The Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and Lysin Specific-Demethylases 1 (LSD1) genes were identified as top candidates, showing a synthetic lethal activity with the PI Carfilzomib (CFZ). We first validated the role of IDH2 in mediating PIs sensitivity. Combinations of the pharmacological IDH2 inhibitor AGI-6780 with FDA approved PIs significantly increased apoptotic cell death in ten MM cell lines, both sensitive and resistant to PIs. Combined treatments triggered synergistic cytotoxicity also in others hematological malignancies, such as Burkitt?s lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Importantly, CFZ/AGI-6780 treatment increased death of primary MM cells from nine patients and exhibited a favorable cytotoxicity profile towards normal human cells. Mechanistically, CFZ/AGI- 6780 combination decreased TCA cycle activity and ATP levels, due to enhanced IDH2 enzymatic inhibition. Specifically, CFZ treatment decreased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression, a rate-limiting enzyme required for IDH2 activation, through the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT3. Consistently, combination of CFZ with either NAMPT or SIRT3 inhibitors impaired IDH2 activity and increased MM cells death, thus phenocopying CFZ/AGI-6780 effects and putting the proteasome in a direct link with IDH2 inhibition. Moreover, inducible IDH2 knock-down enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of CFZ in xenograft mouse models of MM, resulting in inhibition of tumor progression and extended survival. Finally, preliminary results also showed that LSD1 may represent a potential therapeutic target to combine with PIs. Indeed, genetic inhibition of LSD1 increased sensitivity to CFZ in MM cell lines, both sensitive and resistant to PIs. Remarkably, treatment with the non-competitive LSD1 inhibitor SP2509 significantly increased CFZ efficacy in eighth out of ten MM cell lines, both sensitive and resistant to PIs. However, GSK2879552 and GSK-LSD1, two LSD1 enzymatic inhibitors, did not display synergistic activity with CFZ, thus establishing the basis for future research of non-canonical functions of LSD1 or alternative SP2509 targets. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IDH2 inhibition increases the therapeutic efficacy of PIs, thus providing compelling evidence for treatments with lower and less toxic doses and broadening the application of PIs to other malignancies. Moreover, preliminary results suggest LSD1 targeting as an alternative promising strategy to enhance PIs sensitivity in multiple myeloma.
Overload: Impact of Incident Stressful Events on Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Virologic Failure in a Longitudinal, Multisite Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort Study
Creators: name: Raper, James L.
name: Whetten, Kathryn
name: Reif, Susan
name: Pence, Brian Wells
name: Mugavero, Michael J.
name: Leserman, Jane
name: Thielman, Nathan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: HIV-infected individuals frequently experience traumatic and stressful events such as sexual and physical assault; housing instability; and major financial, employment, and legal difficulties. Past trauma history predicts poorer medication adherence and health outcomes, yet little research has examined the influence of incident stressful experiences on antiretroviral medication adherence and treatment outcomes.