cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Manota squamulata Jaschhof & Hippa 2005, sp. n.
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Hippa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Manota
Manota squamulata

description: Manota squamulata sp. n. (Fig. 7)
 Description. Small species.
 Male. Head. Antenna with fourth flagellomere 1.8 times as long as wide. Maxillary palpus with third palpomere bearing (3–)4(–5) curved sensilla; fourth palpomere with a small process apically.
 Thorax. Anterior basalare and laterotergite each setose. Episternum 3 with ventral portion setose. Wing. Length 1.5 mm. Membrane with a few setae along posterior margin. Sc bare. CuA2 fading away proximally.
 Terminalia (Fig. 7). Sternite 9 largely merged with gonocoxites; only posterior margin distinct, situated at almost same level as posterior gonocoxal margin, straight or very slightly emarginate; on interior surface with extensive scale­like pattern; on exterior surface densely covered with setae, sometimes with a small non­setose area medially. Distolateral lobes of gonocoxites absent. Gonocoxites in position I+II with 12–14 thick, blunt and pointed setae on lobe; in position III+IV with 1 pointed megaseta. Gonostyli short, slightly bilobed; ventral lobe on inner margin with some 5 large setae increasing in length posteriorly; dorsal lobe on posterior margin with some 4 large setae curved dorsally. Parastylar lobes large, rounded; each with some 5 setae posteriorly. Tegmen strongly narrowed in distal half, very wide basally with dorsal portions of tegmen extending laterally beyond width of parameral apodemes. Hypoproct tapering to tip; with long setae disto­laterally.
 Diagnostic characters. Together with M. major (next species), this is the only species with both the anterior basalare and laterotergites setose. The terminalia with sternite 9 are largely merged with the gonocoxites and with a scale­like pattern on the interior surface; disto­lateral lobes of the gonocoxites are absent; gonostyli are stout and with large setae apically; and the parastylar lobes are large and setose.
 Etymology. From Latin, squamulatus, with small scales, referring to the interior surface structure on sternite 9.
 Types. Holotype. Male, Costa Rica, Limón province, Hitoy Cerere Biological Reserve, Sendero Espavel, 100–550 m, in tall secondary rain­forest, 18 Sep.–7 Oct. 2003, by sweepnet and aspirator, M. Jaschhof. Paratypes. 1 male, same data as the holotype; 2 males, same data, but 550 m, by Malaise trap, E. Rojas, B. Gamboa, W. Arana, M. & C. Jaschhof; 1 male, Puntarenas province, Cerro Puma, 100–300 m, 19 June–8 July 2003, by flight interception trap, M. Moraga, A. Azofeifa & K. Caballero (INBio sample #74480).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Hippa, Heikki, 2005, The genus Manota in Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 1011 (1) on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1011.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5048990
Additional file 3 of How well do elderly patients with major depressive disorder respond to antidepressants: a systematic review and single-group meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gutsmiedl, Katharina
name: Krause, Marc
name: Bighelli, Irene
name: Schneider-Thoma, Johannes
name: Leucht, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Sensitivity analysis (pdf).
A guide to preparation protocols in palynology
Creators: name: Riding, James B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: A comprehensive, illustrated guide to the preparation (i.e. extraction, concentration and microscope slide production) of palynomorphs from samples of sediments, sedimentary rocks and other materials is presented. The traditional technique, based upon mineral acid digestion of the sample matrix, is subdivided into four phases. These are: sampling and pre-preparation; acid digestion; palynomorph concentration; and presentation of palynomorphs for study and archiving of materials. Modifications for preparing Quaternary and modern materials such as acetolysis are outlined, as are methods of preparation which do not use hazardous acids. One of the most effective non-acid preparation techniques uses sodium hexametaphosphate as a clay deflocculant and works well on clay-rich samples which are not intensely lithified. Hydrogen peroxide is another reagent which can be used for this purpose. The contamination of samples by material from other samples or modern pollen can lead to spurious data and interpretations. Strenuous efforts to avoid contamination should be made. Modifications of the traditional preparation technique are described for 14 specific sample materials. For example, many pure limestones only require digestion with hydrochloric acid. Moreover, coal is typically simply oxidised using nitric acid or Schulze’s solution then reacted with dilute potassium hydroxide solution to produce organic substances which are then rinsed away using water. Traditional preparation techniques are used for all palynomorph groups irrespective of their biological affinity, however certain of these require some specific modifications. For example chitinozoa and megaspores are substantially larger than acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts, miospores and pollen, therefore modifications to the technique must be used, principally in the sieve sizes used. Some attempts have been made to automate palynomorph processing. The equipment for this is discussed, together with other technological solutions such as microwave digestion. Eight techniques closely associated with palynological processing and the microscopical observation of palynomorphs such as scanning electron microscopy are also reviewed.
Astrophysics of the Knee in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum
Creators: name: al., A. Haungs et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review is given on the astrophysics of cosmic rays in the PeV primary energy range, i.e. the region of the knee.
description: Proceedings to XXXIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD), Krakow, Poland, 5-11 September 2003
Additional file 4 of Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis
Creators: name: Swindell, Nils
name: Rees, Paul
name: Fogelholm, Mikael
name: Drummen, Mathijs
name: MacDonald, Ian
name: J. Martinez
name: Navas-Carretero, Santiago
name: Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora
name: Boyadjieva, Nadka
name: Bogdanov, Georgi
name: Poppitt, Sally
name: Gant, Nicholas
name: Silvestre, Marta
name: Brand-Miller, Jennie
name: Schlicht, Wolfgang
name: Muirhead, Roslyn
name: Brodie, Shannon
name: Tikkanen, Heikki
name: Jalo, Elli
name: Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet
name: Adam, Tanja
name: Vestentoft, Pia
name: Larsen, Thomas
name: Raben, Anne
name: Stratton, Gareth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4. Comparison of the sample distribution of each DV and predicted values following the reallocation of time from ST to LIPA.
xGASS: HI fueling of star formation in disk-dominated galaxies
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
name: Catinella, Barbara
name: Saintonge, Amelie
name: Pan, Zhizheng
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Shao, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method to estimate the HI mass within the optical radius of disk galaxies from integrated HI spectra, with an uncertainty of 0.09 dex. We use these estimates to study how inner HI fuels star formation in late-type disk galaxies. We find that star formation rate (SFR) at a given stellar mass ($M_*$) is well correlated with the inner HI surface density ($Σ_{\rm HI,in}$) and inner HI mass-to-stellar mass ratio. For the massive ($M_*>10^{10} M_{\odot}$) disk galaxies, higher SFR at a given stellar mass is also related with higher efficiency of converting inner HI to molecular gas, but no such correlation is found for the total HI mass. The highest $Σ_{\rm HI,in}$ and the fastest depletion of the total neutral gas within the optical disks are found in the most compact and star-forming disk galaxies at a given stellar mass. These results highlight the important role of inner HI as an intermediate step of fueling star formation in disk galaxies.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication at ApJ
Are agricultural technologies pro-poor? The case of improved cassava varieties in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Feleke, S.
name: Manyong, V.
name: Abdoulaye, T.
name: Alene, A.
name: Wossen, T.
name: Dontsop, P.
name: Feleke, S.
name: Manyong, V.
name: Abdoulaye, T.
name: Alene, A.
name: Wossen, T.
name: Dontsop, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The paper assesses whether, and if so, to what extent, the adoption of improved cassava varieties are more favourable towards the food insecure (pro-poor) as measured by the share of overall benefits. Data for this study came from a household survey conducted in Tanzania, DR Congo, Sierra Leone and Zambia through multinational-CGIAR support to agricultural research for development of strategic crops project in Africa. Given the observational nature of the data, a parametric approach (endogenous switching and Poisson regression model) was applied, accounting for potential self-selection bias that may arise from unobserved heterogeneities. Results provided consistent findings that adoption of cassava varieties decreased the rate, depth and severity of food insecurity. Decomposition of the overall average gains in calories due to adoption resulted in over four-fifths accruing to food insecure, compared to only one-fifth accruing to the food secure group. This implies that the impacts of cassava varieties are more favourable towards the food insecure than the food secure and thus present important evidence on the effectiveness of the adoption of cassava technology for reducing the rate and depth of food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. Acknowledgement : The authors wish to thank the African Development Bank (AfDB) for supporting the multinational-CGIAR support to agricultural research for development of strategic crops (SARD-SC) in Africa project that made possible the collection of the data used in the study. We are also thankful to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture for supporting this study.
The Heterogeneous Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Agricultural Export: Evidence from Chinese Food Firm-level Data
Creators: name: Jin, Y.
name: Jin, S.
name: Jin, Y.
name: Jin, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper analyzes the heterogeneous impacts of exchange rate volatility on Chinese food exporters. Previous researches that employed country or sector-level aggregated data has yielded controversy conclusions in estimating effects of exchange rate uncertainty on agricultural trade. In this paper, we construct highly disaggregated Chinese food firm-level census data with destination-specific export data from 2000 to 2013 (215,783 sample firms), to discuss the influence based on firm-level characters. In general, this empirical research illustrates that the exchange rate fluctuation has significant negative effects on both trade prices and volumes. More importantly, we find that different firm-level characters (performance and scale) may reinforce or weaken the impact of this volatility on each firm. And this result is robust to different measures and econometric specifications. Acknowledgement : The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC-71273233, 71333011), the Major Program of the Key Research Institute of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 15JJD790032).
DEMAND FOR MEATS IN JAPAN: A REVIEW AND AN UPDATE OF ELASTICITY ESTIMATES
Creators: name: Dyck, John H.
name: Dyck, John H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Japan
subject: meats
subject: beef
subject: pork
subject: chicken meat
subject: fish
subject: demand
subject: elasticities

description: Estimates of income, own-price, and cross-price elasticities of demand for beef, pork, chicken meat, and fish are reviewed. The estimates differ in the methods used to obtain them, in the data sources used, and in the periods that they cover. Changes in the sizes of some income and price elasticities appear to have occurred over time. Cross-price elasticity estimates have often been not significantly different from zero, and those that have been reported are often not in agreement with others. Use of aggregated fish consumption and of a fish price index has been unsuccessful, whether in determining the demand for fish or the demand for meats. Single-equation methods used to estimate elasticities with updated data show that remarkably high elasticities of demand for beef, pork, and chicken meat persist, and that most cross-price elasticities cannot be estimated with confidence. A few interesting cross-price elasticity estimates have emerged from previous demand system work, and such an approach is recommended for future use.
p-Adic wavelet transform and quantum physics
Creators: name: Altaisky, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: p-Adic wavelet transform is considered as a possible tool for the description of hierarchic quantum systems
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps Figures, Talk at 1st Int. Conf. on $p$-Adic Mathematical Physics, Moscow, Oct 1-5, 2003
FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR NINE SELECTED IMPORTS, 1975-85
Creators: name: Brown, Richard N.
name: Suarez, Nydia R.
name: Brown, Richard N.
name: Suarez, Nydia R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Fruit
subject: vegetable
subject: prices
subject: production
subject: imports
subject: exports
subject: supply
subject: wholesale
subject: origin
subject: port-of-entry
subject: CBI
subject: United States
subject: market

description: The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of August 5, 1983, created a need for market information for nontraditional agricultural products, as 27 Caribbean and Central American countries were offered duty-free access to U.S. markets for a minimum of 12 years. This report provides a 10-year annual and monthly database, beginning with 1975 for U.S. production, consumption, imports, and prices for nine fresh fruits and vegetables: avocados, cantaloups, honeydews, limes, mangoes, broccoli, cauliflower, peppers, and cucumbers. It also determines annual and seasonal patterns of quantity and price trends from the data assembled for the nine commodities.
A guide to preparation protocols in palynology
Creators: name: Riding, James B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: A comprehensive, illustrated guide to to the preparation (i.e. extraction, concentration and microscope slide production) of palynomorphs from samples of sediments, sedimentary rocks and other materials is presented. The traditional technique, based upon mineral acid digestion of the sample matrix, is subdivided into four phases. These are: sampling and pre-preparation; acid digestion; palynomorph concentration; and presentation of palynomorphs for study and archiving of materials. Modifications for preparing Quaternary and modern materials such as acetolysis are outlined, as are methods of preparation which do not use hazardous acids. One of the most effective non-acid preparation techniques uses sodium hexametaphosphate as a clay deflocculant and works well on clay-rich samples which are not intensely lithified. Hydrogen peroxide is another reagent which can be used. The contamination of samples by material from other samples or modern pollen can lead to spurious data and interpretations. Strenuous efforts to avoid contamination should be made. Modifications of the traditional preparation technique are described for 14 specific sample materials. For example, many pure limestones only require digestion with hydrochloric acid. Moreover, coal is typically simply oxidised using nitric acid or Schulze’s solution then reacted with dilute potassium hydroxide solution to produce organic substances which are then rinsed away using water. Traditional preparation techniques are used for all palynomorph groups irrespective of their biological affinity, however certain of these require some specific modifications. For example chitinozoa and megaspores are substantially larger than acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts, miospores and pollen, therefore modifications to the technique must be used, principally in the sieve sizes used. Some attempts have been made to automate palynomorph processing. The equipment for this is discussed, together with other technological solutions such as microwave digestion. Eight techniques closely associated with palynological processing and the microscopical observation of palynomorphs such as scanning electron microscopy are also reviewed.
Medium-band Photometry Reverberation Mapping of Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Kim, Joonho
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Choi, Changsu
name: Hwang, Sungyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reverberation mapping (RM) is one of the most efficient ways to investigate the broad-line region around the central supermassive black holes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). A common way of performing the RM is to perform a long term spectroscopic monitoring of AGNs, but the spectroscopic monitoring campaign of a large number of AGNs requires an extensive amount of observing time of medium to large size telescopes. As an alternative way, we present the results of photometric RM with medium-band photometry. As the widths of medium-band filters match well with the widths of AGN broad emission lines, the medium-band observation with small telescopes can be a cost-effective way to perform RM. We monitored five nearby AGNs with available spectroscopic RM results showing days to weeks scale variability. Observations were performed for ~3 months with an average of 3 days cadence using three medium-band filters on a 0.43 m telescope. The time lags between the continuum and the H-alpha emission line light curves are calculated using the JAVELIN software and the discrete correlation function. We find time lags of 1.5-15.9 days for these AGNs, which are consistent with the time lags derived from previous spectroscopic RM measurements. This result demonstrates that even a 0.5 m class telescope can perform RM with medium-bands. Furthermore, we show that RM for tens of thousands AGNs is possible with a dedicated 1 m class telescope.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
FARMLAND PRICES: AN EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC FORECASTS, USES, AND LIMITATIONS
Creators: name: Gertel, Karl
name: Gertel, Karl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: expectations
subject: farmland prices
subject: interest rates
subject: projections

description: Presenting general trends is a more accurate way to convey forecast information to users than the traditional model-generated year-to-year (point) predictions. This report describes the benefits of forecasting procedures that combine results of formal econometric models with judgmentbased predictions. Farmland prices are used as an example.
Additional file 2 of How well do elderly patients with major depressive disorder respond to antidepressants: a systematic review and single-group meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gutsmiedl, Katharina
name: Krause, Marc
name: Bighelli, Irene
name: Schneider-Thoma, Johannes
name: Leucht, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Risk of bias assessment (pdf).
Ultra-wideband Reflection-type Metasurface for Generating Integer and Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Yang, Ling-Jun
name: Sun, Sheng
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum are extensively studied owing to its potential to expand channel capacity of microwave and optical communication. By utilizing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase concept, an ultra-wideband single layer metasurface is proposed to realize the conversion from incident plane waves to reflected vortex beams covering a considerable bandwidth from 6.75 to 21.85 GHz . An equivalent circuit model combined with broadband phase shift network is developed to effectively design the meta-atoms in metasurface. It is the first time to design wideband metasurfaces with the phase-based characteristics. To verify the proposed model, some deformed square loop meta-atoms are proposed to construct the metasurfaces with broadband OAM characteristic. Moreover, the vortex beams with the integer (l = -3), fractional (l = -1.5), and high-order (l = -10) OAM mode are generated respectively. Based on an OAM spectral analysis, the mode purity of the generated vortex waves is discussed in detail. The experimental results achieve a good agreement with those obtained from the simulation, thus proving the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
The Hagedorn/Deconfinement Phase Transition in Weakly Coupled Large N Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Marsano, Joseph
name: Minwalla, Shiraz
name: Papadodimas, Kyriakos
name: Van Raamsdonk, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that weakly coupled, large N, d-dimensional SU(N) gauge theories on a class of compact spatial manifolds (including S^{d-1} \times time) undergo deconfinement phase transitions at temperatures proportional to the inverse length scale of the manifold in question. The low temperature phase has a free energy of order one, and is characterized by a stringy (Hagedorn) growth in its density of states. The high temperature phase has a free energy of order N^2. These phases are separated either by a single first order transition that generically occurs below the Hagedorn temperature or by two continuous phase transitions, the first of which occurs at the Hagedorn temperature. These phase transitions could perhaps be continuously connected to the usual flat space deconfinement transition in the case of confining gauge theories, and to the Hawking-Page nucleation of AdS_5 black holes in the case of the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We suggest that deconfinement transitions may generally be interpreted in terms of black hole formation in a dual string theory. Our analysis proceeds by first reducing the Yang-Mills partition function to a (0+0)-dimensional integral over a unitary matrix U, which is the holonomy (Wilson loop) of the gauge field around the thermal time circle in Euclidean space; deconfinement transitions are large N transitions in this matrix integral.
description: harvmac, 90 pages, 14 figures, 67 footnotes. V3: added references and minor clarifications. v4: added reference, minor changes. v5: corrected figure captions. v6: small corrections and added footnote
Groundwater Irrigation: Declining Water Levels in the Texas High Plains Translate to Declining Economic Performance
Creators: name: Homes, Wendell
name: Petrulis, Mindy
name: Homes, Wendell
name: Petrulis, Mindy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Rapid development of irrigation systems in a seven-county area of west Texas following World War II led to the establishment of a highly intensified agricultural production system. As irrigation grew, so did population and employment. This was not without consequence. The source. of irrigation water, the Ogallala Aquifer, is drying up. As the water level declines, farmers in the area are faced with some rather severe decisions: be more efficient in the use of water, change cropping practices to raise plants that need less water, or revert to a dryland economy. As a comparison, an eight-county dryland area, just east of the irrigated area where irrigation water is not available, is analyzed to determine how farmers in this area have learned to operate in a dryland area.
ILLINOIS RURAL CLEAN WATER PROJECT: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Setia, Parveen P.
name: Magleby, Richard S.
name: Carvey, David G.
name: Setia, Parveen P.
name: Magleby, Richard S.
name: Carvey, David G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Nonpoint pollution
subject: sediment
subject: water quality
subject: soil erosion
subject: Rural Clean Water Program

description: Hydrologic and economic models were used to evaluate the Highland Silver Lake (Illinois) project of the Rural Clean Water Program. Conservation tillage was the most cost-effective practice in reducing sediment and nutrient loadings to the lake. Wider implementation of this practice in place of more costly structural measures would have increased the cost effectiveness of the project. While the economic water quality benefits of the project will likely be less than the costs, insights for future projects and programs were gained from the project's inclusion in the experimental program.
A TRANSACTION COST MODEL OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL MARKETS FOR RURAL CREDIT
Creators: name: Roumasset, James A.
name: Simons, Scott
name: Roumasset, James A.
name: Simons, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Public Economics

description: A mOdel is developed that describes formal and in-Formal rural credit markets in terms of transaction costs of lenders. Stimulating agricultural investment with subsidized , formal loans is shown to incur signi.ficant efficiency costs by drawing credit away from high productivity investments in - the unsubsidized sector.
Effect of proximity to ionic liquid-solvent demixing on electrical double layers
Creators: name: Cruz, Carolina
name: Kondrat, Svyatoslav
name: Lomba, Enrique
name: Ciach, Alina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a growing interest in the properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL-solvent mixtures at metallic interfaces, particularly due to their applications in energy storage. The main focus so far has been on electrical double layers with ILs far from phase transitions. However, the systems in the vicinity of their phase transformations are known to exhibit some remarkable features, such as wetting transitions and capillary condensation. Herein, we develop a mean-field model suitable for the IL-solvent mixtures close to demixing, and combine it with the Carnahan-Starling (CS) and lattice-gas expressions for the excluded volume interactions. This model is then solved analytically, using perturbation expansion, and numerically. We demonstrate that, besides the well-known camel and bell-shaped capacitances, there is a bird-shaped capacitance, having three peaks as a function of voltage, which emerges due to the proximity to demixing. In addition, we find that the camel-shaped capacitance, which is a signature of dilute electrolytes, can appear at high IL densities for ionophobic electrodes. We also discuss the differences and implications arising from the CS and lattice-gas expressions in the context of our model.
Heat kernel expansion: user's manual
Creators: name: Vassilevich, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat kernel expansion is a very convenient tool for studying one-loop divergences, anomalies and various asymptotics of the effective action. The aim of this report is to collect useful information on the heat kernel coefficients scattered in mathematical and physical literature. We present explicit expressions for these coefficients on manifolds with and without boundaries, subject to local and non-local boundary conditions, in the presence of various types of singularities (e.g., domain walls). In each case the heat kernel coefficients are given in terms of several geometric invariants. These invariants are derived for scalar and spinor theories with various interactions, Yang-Mills fields, gravity, and open bosonic strings. We discuss the relations between the heat kernel coefficients and quantum anomalies, corresponding anomalous actions, and covariant perturbation expansions of the effective action (both "low-" and "high-energy" ones).
description: 113 pp, to be submitted to Phys.Repts, v2: added references and corrected typos
COMMODITY PRICES AND INTEREST RATES INFLUENCE THE LEVEL OF SOIL EROSION
Creators: name: Hyberg, Bengt
name: Hyberg, Bengt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Soil erosion
subject: 1985 Food Security Act
subject: macroeconomic variables
subject: offsite damages

description: The optimal level of soil erosion for Federal policymakers and farmers is constantly shifting because both the general economy and the agricultural sector are constantly changing. This report examines the choices of farmers and policymakers using two models that link levels of soil erosion to both productivity and macroeconomic variables. Because farmers do not bear the costs of offsite damage from "soil erosion, they may ignore such damage when choosing the level of erosion to tolerate. The Conservation Compliance Provision of the 1985 Food Security Act may be ineffective if the benefits farmers receive from participating in farm programs fail to offset the gains from more erosive production practices.
On the natural representation of $S(Ω)$ into $L^2(P(Ω))$: Discrete harmonics and Fourier transform
Creators: name: Marco, José Manuel
name: Parcet, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E10; 05E30

description: Let $Ω$ denote a non-empty finite set. Let $S(Ω)$ stand for the symmetric group on $Ω$ and let us write $P(Ω)$ for the power set of $Ω$. Let $ρ: S(Ω) \to U(L^2(P(Ω)))$ be the left unitary representation of $S(Ω)$ associated with its natural action on $P(Ω)$. We consider the algebra consisting of those endomorphisms of $L^2(P(Ω))$ which commute with the action of $ρ$. We find an attractive basis $B$ for this algebra. We obtain an expression, as a linear combination of $B$, for the product of any two elements of $B$. We obtain an expression, as a linear combination of $B$, for the adjoint of each element of $B$. It turns out the Fourier transform on $P(Ω)$ is an element of our algebra; we give the matrix which represents this transform with respect to $B$.
description: 17 pages
X-rays from HH 80, HH 81, and the Central Region
Creators: name: Pravdo, Steven H.
name: Tsuboi, Yohko
name: Maeda, Yoshitomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report detections of X-rays from HH 80 and HH 81 with the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These are among the most luminous HH sources in the optical and they are now the most luminous known in X-rays. These X-rays arise from the strong shocks that occur when the southern extension of this bipolar outflow slams into the ambient material. There is a one-to-one correspondence between regions of high X-ray emission and high H? emission. The X-ray luminosities of HH 80 and HH 81 are 4.5 and 4.3 x 1031 erg s-1, respectively, assuming the measured low-energy absorption is not in the sources. The measured temperature of the HH plasma is not as large as that expected from the maximum velocities seen in the extended tails of the optical emission lines. Rather it is consistent with the ~106 K temperature of the ?narrow? core of the optical lines. There is no observed emission from HH 80 North, the northern extension of the bipolar flow, based upon a measurement of lower sensitivity. We imaged the central region of the bipolar flow revealing a complex of X-ray sources including one near, but not coincident with the putative power source in the radio and infrared. This source, CXOPTM J181912.4-204733, has no counterparts at other wavelengths and is consistent in luminosity and spectrum with a massive star with AV ~ 90 mag. It may contribute significantly to the power input to the complex. Alternatively, this emission might be extended X-rays from outflows close to the power source. We detect 94 X-ray sources overall in this area of star formation.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, PDF format, ApJ April 2004, in press
Manota major Jaschhof & Hippa 2005, sp. n.
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Hippa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Manota
Manota major

description: Manota major sp. n. (Fig. 8)
 Description. Large species.
 Male. Head. Antenna with fourth flagellomere 2.1 times as long as wide. Maxillary palpus with third palpomere bearing 4(–5) curved sensilla; fourth palpomere with a small process apically.
 Thorax. Anterior basalare and laterotergite each setose. Episternum 3 setose. Wing. Length 1.7–2.2 mm. Membrane with a few setae along posterior wing margin. Sc setose dorsally. CuA­fork complete.
 Terminalia (Fig. 8). Extremely similar to M. squamulata, with differences as follows. Sternite 9 with a large non­setose area medially (Fig.). Gonocoxites in position I+II with 16–18 blunt megasetae; in position III+IV with 1 pointed, blade­like megaseta. Gonostyli short, not bilobed, from some angles almost circular; on inner margin with some 5 setae increasing in length posteriorly, with most posterior seta particularly large; dorso­posterior gonocoxal margin with numerous setae curved dorsally. Parastylar lobes each with some 5 curly, or whip­like setae apically. Tegmen with dorsal portions not extending laterally beyond width of parameral apodemes.
 Diagnostic characters. See under Terminalia.
 Etymology. From Latin, major, larger, referring to the larger body size compared with the closely related M. squamulata.
 Types. Holotype. Male, Costa Rica, Limón province, Pococí, Braulio Carrillo National Park, Estación Quebrada González, 400–500 m, 15 May 2002, by Malaise trap, P. Hanson & C. Godoy (INBio sample #68654). Paratypes. 1 male, Puntarenas province, La Amistad International Park, Buenos Aires, Sendero a Casa Coca, 1700 m, 13 Oct.–13 Nov. 2001, by Malaise trap, D. Rubí (INBio sample #74889); 1 male, Alajuela province, San Carlos, Volcán Arenal National Park, Sendero Pilón, 650 m, 6–7 Nov. 2000, by Malaise trap, G. Carballo (INBio sample #60084).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Hippa, Heikki, 2005, The genus Manota in Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 1011 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1011.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5048990
Likelihood Analysis of the CMSSM Parameter Space
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Santoso, Yudi
name: Spanos, Vassilis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a likelihood analysis of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), in which the input scalar masses m_0 and fermion masses m_{1/2} are each assumed to be universal. We include the full experimental likelihood function from the LEP Higgs search as well as the likelihood from a global precision electroweak fit. We also include the likelihoods for b to s gamma decay and (optionally) g_mu - 2. For each of these inputs, both the experimental and theoretical errors are treated. We include the systematic errors stemming from the uncertainties in m_t and m_b, which are important for delineating the allowed CMSSM parameter space as well as calculating the relic density of supersymmetric particles. We assume that these dominate the cold dark matter density, with a density in the range favoured by WMAP. We display the global likelihood function along cuts in the (m_{1/2}, m_0) planes for tan beta = 10 and both signs of mu, tan beta = 35, mu < 0 and tan beta = 50, mu > 0, which illustrate the relevance of g_mu - 2 and the uncertainty in m_t. We also display likelihood contours in the (m_{1/2}, m_0) planes for these values of tan beta. The likelihood function is generally larger for mu > 0 than for mu < 0, and smaller in the focus-point region than in the bulk and coannihilation regions, but none of these possibilities can yet be excluded.
description: 25 pages, 33 figures
Melting transition of two-dimensional complex plasma crystal in the DC glow discharge
Creators: name: Jaiswal, S.
name: Thomas, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of self-consistent dust crystal and its melting is a well known phenomenon in rf generated plasma but remains challenging in DC glow discharge plasma. Here, we report the melting of a two dimensional dusty plasma crystal, suspended in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge plasma. The experiments are carried out in a $Π-$shaped Dusty Plasma Experimental (DPEx) device where a stationary crystal of melamine formaldehyde particles is formed between the confining strips in a background of Argon plasma. The stable structure breaks and leads to a fluid state on reducing the neutral pressure.% and even reaches to a gas like states at very low pressure. The neutral pressure range where this melting transition is observed is an order of magnitude less than what reported in rf discharge plasma. The transition is confirmed by evaluating the variation in different characteristic parameters such as the pair correlation function, voronoi diagram, local bond order, defect fraction and dust temperature as a function of background neutral pressure. The transition is attributed to an increase in effective particle temperature which we believe is occurred due to increase in charge fluctuation and ion streaming. The special feature of the device that helps formation of dust crystal and its melting in DC glow discharge can be implemented to study various phenomena associated with dust crystal in dc glow discharge plasma devices.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Dinogamasus longipes LeVeque 1931
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Huff, Jeremy C.
name: Oconnor, Barry M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Laelapidae
Dinogamasus
Dinogamasus longipes

description: Dinogamasus longipes LeVeque, 1931: 7;
ex Euglossa viridissima Friese, 1899 (Hexapoda, Hymenoptera, Apidae), Trong, Thailand (as Siam), no other data, holotype ♀, 6 ♀ paratypes, ACC 31184.
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Huff, Jeremy C. & Oconnor, Barry M., 2011, Catalog of the Acari types deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York (Arthropoda: Arachnida), pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 2936 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2936.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5284434
First Detection of X-Ray Line Emission from Type IIn Supernova 1978K with XMM-Newton's RGS
Creators: name: Chiba, Y.
name: Katsuda, S.
name: Yoshida, T.
name: Takahashi, K.
name: Umeda, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on robust measurements of elemental abundances of the Type IIn supernova SN 1978K, based on the high-resolution X-ray spectrum obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton. The RGS clearly resolves a number of emission lines, including N Ly$α$, O Ly$α$, O Ly$β$, Fe XVII, Fe XVIII, Ne He$α$ and Ne Ly$α$ for the first time from SN 1978K. The X-ray spectrum can be represented by an absorbed, two-temperature thermal emission model, with temperatures of $kT \sim 0.6$ keV and $2.7$ keV. The elemental abundances are obtained to be N $=$ $2.36_{-0.80}^{+0.88}$, O $=$ $0.20 \pm{0.05}$, Ne $=$ $0.47 \pm{0.12}$, Fe $=$ $0.15_{-0.02}^{+0.01}$ times the solar values. The low metal abundances except for N show that the X-ray emitting plasma originates from the circumstellar medium blown by the progenitor star. The abundances of N and O are far from CNO-equilibrium abundances expected for the surface composition of a luminous blue variable, and resemble the H-rich envelope of less-massive stars with masses of 10-25 M$_\odot$. Together with other peculiar properties of SN 1978K, i.e., a low expansion velocity of 500-1000 km s$^{-1}$ and SN IIn-like optical spectra, we propose that SN 1978K is a result of either an electron-capture SN from a super asymptotic giant branch star, or a weak Fe core-collapse explosion of a relatively low-mass ($\sim$10 M$_\odot$) or high-mass ($\sim$20-25 M$_\odot$) red supergiant star. However, these scenarios can not naturally explain the high mass-loss rate of the order of $\dot{M} \sim 10^{-3} \rm{M_{\odot}\ yr^{-1}}$ over $\gtrsim$1000 yr before the explosion, which is inferred by this work as well as many other earlier studies. Further theoretical studies are required to explain the high mass-loss rates at the final evolutionary stages of massive stars.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Manota penicillata Jaschhof & Hippa 2005, sp. n.
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Hippa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Manota
Manota penicillata

description: Manota penicillata sp. n. (Fig. 9)
 Description. Large species.
 Male. Head. Antenna with fourth flagellomere 1.9 times as long as wide. Maxillary palpus with third palpomere bearing 3 curved sensilla; fourth palpomere with a parasegment apically.
 Thorax. Anterior basalare bare. Laterotergite setose. Episternum 3 with ventral portion setose. Wing. Length 1.7–1.8 mm. Membrane occasionally with single setae along posterior margin. Sc bare. CuA2 fading away proximally.
 Terminalia (Fig. 9). Sternite 9 large, with posterior and most of lateral margins distinct; posterior margin with a wide, shallow emargination and a tiny notch medially; with setae larger than those on gonocoxites. Disto­lateral lobes of gonocoxites large; each lobe with a dense brush of large, curly setae apically, inside with a dense stripe of shorter setae on ridge extending from ventral to dorsal side. Gonocoxites in position I+II with a patch of some 15–20 short, blunt setae; in position III+IV with 2 flat megasetae, each broad basally and whip­like apically. Gonostyli small, elongate; on ventral surface with setae of various lengths, dorso­apically with some 6 strong setae directed dorsally. Parastylar lobes large; each with 2–3 setae apico­posteriorly. Parameral apodemes widely spread. Tegmen evenly tapering to tip; margin of ventro­lateral lobes distinct. Hypoproct almost pointed; with long setae disto­laterally.
 Diagnostic characters. Among the species with setose laterotergites, it has the terminalia quite distinct because of the striking brush of setae on the disto­lateral lobes of the gonocoxites.
 Etymology. From Latin, penicillatus, brush­like setose, referring to the peculiar setae on the gonocoxites.
 Types. Holotype. Male, Costa Rica, Puntarenas province, Corcovado National Park, Cerro Rincón, 745 m, 1 Aug.–25 Sep. 2002, by Malaise trap, J. Azofeifa (INBio sample #71459). Paratypes. 7 males, same data as the holotype.
 Other material studied. 2 males, same locality as the types, but 23 April–24 June 2002 (INBio samples #70842 and 70843).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Hippa, Heikki, 2005, The genus Manota in Costa Rica (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 1011 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1011.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5048990
Additional file 3 of Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis
Creators: name: Swindell, Nils
name: Rees, Paul
name: Fogelholm, Mikael
name: Drummen, Mathijs
name: MacDonald, Ian
name: J. Martinez
name: Navas-Carretero, Santiago
name: Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora
name: Boyadjieva, Nadka
name: Bogdanov, Georgi
name: Poppitt, Sally
name: Gant, Nicholas
name: Silvestre, Marta
name: Brand-Miller, Jennie
name: Schlicht, Wolfgang
name: Muirhead, Roslyn
name: Brodie, Shannon
name: Tikkanen, Heikki
name: Jalo, Elli
name: Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet
name: Adam, Tanja
name: Vestentoft, Pia
name: Larsen, Thomas
name: Raben, Anne
name: Stratton, Gareth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3. Variation matrix.