cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
YOLO-CIANNA: Galaxy detection with deep learning in radio data. I. A new YOLO-inspired source detection method applied to the SKAO SDC1
Creators: name: Cornu, D.
name: Salomé, P.
name: Semelin, B.
name: Marchal, A.
name: Freundlich, J.
name: Aicardi, S.
name: Lu, X.
name: Sainton, G.
name: Mertens, F.
name: Combes, F.
name: Tasse, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The upcoming Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will set a new standard regarding data volume generated by an astronomical instrument, which is likely to challenge widely adopted data-analysis tools that scale inadequately with the data size. The aim of this study is to develop a new source detection and characterization method for massive radio astronomical datasets based on modern deep-learning object detection techniques. For this, we seek to identify the specific strengths and weaknesses of this type of approach when applied to astronomical data. We introduce YOLO-CIANNA, a highly customized deep-learning object detector designed specifically for astronomical datasets. In this paper, we present the method and describe all the elements introduced to address the specific challenges of radio astronomical images. We then demonstrate the capabilities of this method by applying it to simulated 2D continuum images from the SKA observatory Science Data Challenge 1 (SDC1) dataset. Using the SDC1 metric, we improve the challenge-winning score by +139% and the score of the only other post-challenge participation by +61%. Our catalog has a detection purity of 94% while detecting 40 to 60% more sources than previous top-score results, and exhibits strong characterization accuracy. The trained model can also be forced to reach 99% purity in post-process and still detect 10 to 30% more sources than the other top-score methods. It is also computationally efficient, with a peak prediction speed of 500 images of 512x512 pixels per second on a single GPU. YOLO-CIANNA achieves state-of-the-art detection and characterization results on the simulated SDC1 dataset and is expected to transfer well to observational data from SKA precursors.
description: 42 pages. Custom layout edit of the corresponding in press A&A paper
EVALUATION OF RURAL UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN THE VICINITY OF KISANGANI, ZAIRE
Creators: name: Bazola, Muangu
name: Bazola, Muangu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The Republic of Zaire has an area of more than 2.3 million square kilometers, ranking eleventh in the world. The total population in 1970 was estimated at 21.6 million persons of whom 20.7 million were Zairean and 0.9 million foreign born. The previous census, taken in 1958 when the country was a Belgian colony, showed Zairean and foreign population of 13.5 and 0.1 million respectively. This indicates annual growth of 3.9 percent for the total population and 3.6 percent for the native born. Growth rates have been highest in the cities due largely to migration of people from rural to urban areas. The out-migration from rural areas may be explained by fear and insecurity during the civil war and various rebellions that stroked the country during the early independence years (1960's), lack of economic opportunities and lack of educational and health facilities in the country side, and typical urban attraction. Yet, no study has been taken to determine whether this out flow had any significant impact on the lag in production of food products.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ
Creators: name: ГАДБАН ХАМЗАХ ТАДЖЕЕЛ ГАДБАН
name: ГЕРАСИМОВА Н.Р.
Publisher: name: Контентус
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ВИНА
ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЕ
ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЕ
ПРЕЗУМПЦИЯ
LEGAL LIABILITY
GUILT
LAW ENFORCEMENT
OFFENSE
PRESUMPTION

description: В данной статье авторы раскрывают основные положения теории юридической ответственности, выделяет основания юридической ответственности, ее признаки, рассматривается роль вины для наступления юридической ответственности. Выдвигается проблема существования так называемой безвиновной юридической ответственности, которая, по мнению авторов, вовсе не имеет права на существование. Кроме того, предлагается исключить из правоприменения некоторые виды презумпций как способа для дискриминации субъектов правовых отношений.In this article, the author reveals the main provisions of the theory of legal liability, identifies the grounds for legal liability, its features, examines the role of guilt for the occurrence of legal liability. The problem of the existence of the so-called innocent legal liability, which, according to the author, does not have a right to exist, is put forward. In addition, it is proposed to exclude from law enforcement certain types of presumptions as a way to discriminate against subjects of legal relations.In this article, the author reveals the main provisions of the theory of legal liability, identifies the grounds for legal liability, its features, examines the role of guilt for the occurrence of legal liability. The problem of the existence of the so-called innocent legal liability, which, according to the author, does not have a right to exist, is put forward. In addition, it is proposed to exclude from law enforcement certain types of presumptions as a way to discriminate against subjects of legal relations.
Elicitation on words overheard during a meeting
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for an elicitation on words overheard during a meeting, like abstract verbs. Corresponds to pages 132-139 in Notebook 2.
AI-Powered Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0, A Review
Creators: name: Soori, Mohsen
name: Dastres, Roza
name: Arezoo, Behrooz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401407
subject: Manufacturing management
classificationCode: 401403
subject: Flexible manufacturing systems

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms can be employed to enhance the security of the blockchain networks in the era of industry 4.0. Smart contracts, powered by blockchain, can be developed by using the AI capabilities. These contracts can execute themselves based on predefined conditions, automating various processes and reducing the need for intermediaries. Blockchain provides a transparent and immutable ledger for supply chain transactions. AI can be integrated to analyze this data, providing insights into the entire supply chain. This helps in tracking and tracing products, ensuring authenticity, and optimizing the supply chain based on data-driven decisions. AI algorithms can be employed to analyze data from the manufacturing process recorded on the blockchain. This allows for predictive maintenance and quality control, helping to identify and address issues before they result in defects or downtime. AI and blockchain can work together to secure the massive amount of data generated by IoT devices in an Industry 4.0 setting. Blockchain ensures the integrity and immutability of IoT data, while AI can analyze this data for insights and optimization. AI and blockchain can facilitate the creation of decentralized energy grids where AI algorithms optimize energy distribution and blockchain ensures transparent and secure energy trading through smart contracts. AI and blockchain can support decentralized and collaborative manufacturing networks where different entities can securely and efficiently collaborate on production processes. Blockchain enables individuals or organizations to securely monetize their data. AI can help analyze and determine the value of data, ensuring fair compensation in tokenized ecosystems. In this paper, applications of AI-Powered Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0 is reviewed and discussed and future research works are also suggested. As a result, efficiency, transparency, and security across various industrial processes can be enhanced by analyzing the recent achievements in AI-Powered Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0.
Fundamental limitations of Huygens metasurfaces for optical beam shaping
Creators: name: Gigli, Carlo
name: Li, Qitong
name: Chavel, Pierre
name: Leo, Giuseppe
name: Brongersma, Mark
name: Lalanne, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical dielectric metasurfaces composed of arrayed nanostructures are expected to enable arbitrary spatial control of incident wavefronts with subwavelength spatial resolution. For phase modulation, one often resorts to two physical effects to implement a 2π-phase excursion. The first effect relies on guidance by tall nanoscale pillars and the second one exploits resonant confinement by nanoresonators with two degenerate Mie-resonances. The first approach requires high aspect ratios, while the second one, known as Huygens metasurfaces, is much flatter, and thus easier to manufacture. We compare the two approaches, more focusing on conceptual rather than technological issues, and identify fundamental limitations with the latter. We explain the origin of the limitations based on general arguments, such as reciprocity, multimode/monomode operation and symmetry breaking.
description: 6 figures
Summary of relevant published case reports.
Creators: name: Yerolatsite, Melina
name: Torounidou, Nanteznta
name: Amylidi, Anna-Lea
name: Kapoulitsa, Fani
name: Kampletsas, Eleftherios
name: Zarkavelis, George
name: Mauri, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Summary of relevant published case reports for the publication of the article; Exploring Immune-Related Adverse Events: A case of Febrile Neutropenia in Melanoma Patient Receiving Immunotherapy.
Hydraulic Jump in One-dimensional Flow
Creators: name: Singha, Subhendu B.
name: Bhattacharjee, Jayanta K.
name: Ray, Arnab K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of viscosity the hydraulic jump in one dimension is seen to be a first-order transition. A scaling relation for the position of the jump has been determined by applying an averaging technique on the stationary hydrodynamic equations. This gives a linear height profile before the jump, as well as a clear dependence of the magnitude of the jump on the outer boundary condition. The importance of viscosity in the jump formation has been convincingly established, and its physical basis has been understood by a time-dependent analysis of the flow equations. In doing so, a very close correspondence has been revealed between a perturbation equation for the flow rate and the metric of an acoustic white hole. We finally provide experimental support for our heuristically developed theory.
description: 17 Pages, 8 Figures, 1 Table. To appear in European Physical Journal B
Follow-up elicitation on small clauses, verbal number, scope, and adverbs
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for a follow-up elicitation on small clauses, verbal number, scope judgements, and adverbs in relative clauses. Corresponds to page 124-131 in Notebook 2.
Optimal Corn and Soybean Rotations
Creators: name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Rust, John
name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Rust, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: We examine crop choice as a dynamic optimization problem over an infinite time horizon, taking into account the effects over time that corn-soybean rotations have on soil quality, which manifest in yield and therefore profit impacts. We show how the efficient decision rule depends on model parameters and how it compares to those characteristic of static models of supply. The model is parameterized for a representative acre of Iowa cropland and used to predict actual crop choices in a panel of over 6500 Iowa plots during 1979–1997 surprisingly well.
Propagation of logarithmic regularity and inviscid limit for the 2D Euler equations
Creators: name: Ciampa, Gennaro
name: Crippa, Gianluca
name: Spirito, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30, 35Q31, 35Q35, 76B03

description: The aim of this note is to study the Cauchy problem for the 2D Euler equations under very low regularity assumptions on the initial datum. We prove propagation of regularity of logarithmic order in the class of weak solutions with $L^p$ initial vorticity, provided that $p\geq 4$. We also study the inviscid limit from the 2D Navier-Stokes equations for vorticity with logarithmic regularity in the Yudovich class, showing a rate of convergence of order $|\logν|^{-α/2}$ with $α>0$.
description: Submitted to "Mathematics in Engineering" for the special issue "Math aspects of classical and quantum fluid dynamics" dedicated to Pierangelo Marcati for his 70th birthday
Bayesian Learning and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Climate change
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Bayesian learning
subject: Asymmetric information
subject: Choice of instruments
subject: Dynamic optimization

description: We study the importance of anticipated learning - about both environmental damages and abatement costs - in determining the level and the method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. We also compare active learning, passive learning, and parameter uncertainty without learning. Current beliefs about damages and abatement costs have an important effect on the optimal level of emissions, However, the optimal level of emissions is not sensitive either to the possibility of learning about damages. or to the type of learning (active or passive), Taxes dominate quotas, but by a small margin.
ПРАВОВАЯ ПРИРОДА ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ОБЯЗАННОСТЕЙ ГОСУДАРСТВА
Creators: name: ЗАВЬЯЛОВ С.О.
Publisher: name: Контентус
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЯЗАННОСТИ
ГОСУДАРСТВО
ПРАВООТНОШЕНИЯ
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВА
КОНСТИТУЦИЯ
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STATE
LEGAL RELATIONS
OBLIGATIONS
THE CONSTI-TUTION

description: В работе детально изучаются юридические обязанности государства, их правовой статус в сфере внутригосударственных и международных правоотношений. Цель исследования заключается в полноценном и всестороннем анализе существующих принципов, регулирующих природу государственных обязательств перед обществом, гражданами и другими государствами. Актуальность статьи выражена в представлении современных механизмов исполнения обязанностей и пробелов, негативно влияющих на их реализацию. Подчеркнуты важные законодательные инициативы на конституционном уровне, влияющие на обязательства Российской Федерации. Проводится анализ вводимых поправок в Конституцию РФ, имеющих прямое отношение к обязанностям государства. В работе используются сравнительно-аналитический и формально-юридический методы. В результате приведены предположения о возможном статусе юридических обязанностей государства в условиях стремительно развивающихся изменений на политической карте мира.
Mesoscopic Fluctuations of the Pairing Gap
Creators: name: Åberg, S.
name: Olofsson, H.
name: Leboeuf, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A description of mesoscopic fluctuations of the pairing gap in finite-sized quantum systems based on periodic orbit theory is presented. The size of the fluctuations are found to depend on quite general properties. We distinguish between systems where corresponding classical motion is regular or chaotic, and describe in detail fluctuations of the BCS gap as a function of the size of the system. The theory is applied to different mesoscopic systems: atomic nuclei, metallic grains, and ultracold fermionic gases. We also present a detailed description of pairing gap variation with particle number for nuclei based on a deformed cavity potential.
description: Conference Proceeding of Mesoscopic Workshop WNMP07
Acoustic Emission Testing of Shielded Metal-Arc Welds Using ASTM A 36 Steel
Creators: name: Hopwood, Theodore
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Manual, shielded metal-arc welds on ASTM A 36 structural steel were monitored with acoustic emission equipment. The listening device detected operator inconsistencies and improper electrode deposition during the welding operation. On completion of the weld, acoustic emission monitoring detected slag inclusions, cracking, and martensite formation.
The Massless Dirac Equation in Three Dimensions: Dispersive estimates and zero energy obstructions
Creators: name: Green, William R.
name: Lane, Connor
name: Lyons, Benjamin
name: Ravishankar, Shyam
name: Shaw, Aden
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dispersive estimates for the massless three dimensional Dirac equation with a potential. In particular, we show that the Dirac evolution satisfies a $\langle t\rangle^{-1}$ decay rate as an operator from $L^1$ to $L^\infty$ regardless of the existence of zero energy eigenfunctions. We also show this decay rate may be improved to $\langle t\rangle ^{-1-γ}$ for any $0\leq γ< 1/2$ at the cost of spatial weights. This estimate, along with the $L^2$ conservation law allows one to deduce a family of Strichartz estimates in the case of a threshold eigenvalue. We classify the structure of threshold obstructions as being composed of zero energy eigenfunctions. Finally, we show the Dirac evolution is bounded for all time with minimal requirements on the decay of the potential and smoothness of initial data.
description: Updated to reflect referee comments. Published in the Journal of Differential Equations
Exploring the landscapes of "computing": digital, neuromorphic, unconventional -- and beyond
Creators: name: Jaeger, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.0

description: The acceleration race of digital computing technologies seems to be steering toward impasses -- technological, economical and environmental -- a condition that has spurred research efforts in alternative, "neuromorphic" (brain-like) computing technologies. Furthermore, since decades the idea of exploiting nonlinear physical phenomena "directly" for non-digital computing has been explored under names like "unconventional computing", "natural computing", "physical computing", or "in-materio computing". This has been taking place in niches which are small compared to other sectors of computer science. In this paper I stake out the grounds of how a general concept of "computing" can be developed which comprises digital, neuromorphic, unconventional and possible future "computing" paradigms. The main contribution of this paper is a wide-scope survey of existing formal conceptualizations of "computing". The survey inspects approaches rooted in three different kinds of background mathematics: discrete-symbolic formalisms, probabilistic modeling, and dynamical-systems oriented views. It turns out that different choices of background mathematics lead to decisively different understandings of what "computing" is. Across all of this diversity, a unifying coordinate system for theorizing about "computing" can be distilled. Within these coordinates I locate anchor points for a foundational formal theory of a future computing-engineering discipline that includes, but will reach beyond, digital and neuromorphic computing.
description: An extended and carefully revised version of this manuscript has now (March 2021) been published as "Toward a generalized theory comprising digital, neuromorphic, and unconventional computing" in the new open-access journal Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering
РОЛЬ КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО СУДА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ПРАВ И СВОБОД ЛИЧНОСТИ
Creators: name: КАНТЕЕВ К.Р.
Publisher: name: Контентус
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЙ СУД РФ
КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО СУДА РФ
ПРАВА И СВОБОДЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННОЕ ПРАВОСУДИЕ
КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
COMPETENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROL

description: Автором рассматривается деятельность Конституционного Суда РФ в области обеспечения защиты прав и свобод личности. В связи с тем, что на сегодняшний день нарушение данных прав и свобод можно признать нередким явлением в Российской Федерации, изучение и анализ деятельности Конституционного Суда РФ по их защите, основанные на комплексном изучении правового пространства России, имеют большое значение и представляют немалый теоретический и практический интерес.
A note on Rees algebras and the MFMC property
Creators: name: Gitler, I.
name: Valencia, C. E.
name: Villarreal, R. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F55

description: We study irreducible representations of Rees cones and characterize the max-flow min-cut property of clutters in terms of the normality of Rees algebras and the integrality of certain polyhedra. Then we present some applications to combinatorial optimization and commutative algebra. As a byproduct we obtain an "effective" method, based on the program "Normaliz", to determine whether a given clutter satisfies the max-flow min-cut property. Let C be a clutter and let I be its edge ideal. We prove that C has the max-flow min-cut property if and only if I is normally torsion free, that is, I^i=I^{(i)} for all i>=1, where I^{(i)} is the ith symbolic power of I.
description: Beitrage Algebra Geom., to appear
Highway Pavement Maintenance Costs and Pavement Type Selection
Creators: name: Newberry, Donald C.
name: Mayes, Jesse G.
name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classified by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual maintenance costs shown should be interpreted to be accurate in order of magnitude only.
Adoption and Abandonment of Precision Soil Sampling in Cotton Production
Creators: name: Walton, Jonathan C.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Martin, Steven W.
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Paxton, Kenneth W.
name: Reeves, Jeanne M.
name: Walton, Jonathan C.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Martin, Steven W.
name: Marra, Michele C.
name: Paxton, Kenneth W.
name: Reeves, Jeanne M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Technology adoption in precision agriculture has received considerable attention, while abandonment has received little. Our objective was to identify factors motivating adoption and abandonment of precision soil sampling in cotton. Results indicate younger producers who farmed more cotton area, owned more of their cropland, planted more non-cotton area, used a computer, or used a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) were more likely to adopt precision soil sampling. Those with more cotton area or who owned livestock were more likely to abandon, while those who used precision soil sampling longer, used a PDA, or used variable-rate fertilizer application were less likely to abandon.
title: The daily life of the punitive detachment in the village of Zhestyanaya Gorka: the testimony of victims and German trophy documents
Creators: name: Kovalev, Boris
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: During World War II, the Nazis, their allies and collaborators, killed hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens. Among them were civilians in towns and villages in the North-West of Russia. In the village of Zhestyanaya Gorka, in 1941—1943, volunteers from Latvia killed more than 3,500 people: men and women, children and elderly people, Orthodox priests and communists, Jews and gypsies, prisoners and partisans. This can be explained by the fact that the Nazis viewed their potential opponents as communists, Komsomol members, representatives of the anti-Hitler Resistance, or people who showed dissatisfaction with the “new order”. This article uses, among other resources, documents recently declassified in the Novgorod FSB Department.
Parvey, Constance F.: Ordination of Women in Ecumenical Perspective
Creators: name: Reichle, Erika
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 31 Nr. 1 (1982): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 31, Heft 1
Improving Molecule Generation and Drug Discovery with a Knowledge-enhanced Generative Model
Creators: name: Malusare, Aditya
name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent advancements in generative models have established state-of-the-art benchmarks in the generation of molecules and novel drug candidates. Despite these successes, a significant gap persists between generative models and the utilization of extensive biomedical knowledge, often systematized within knowledge graphs, whose potential to inform and enhance generative processes has not been realized. In this paper, we present a novel approach that bridges this divide by developing a framework for knowledge-enhanced generative models called KARL. We develop a scalable methodology to extend the functionality of knowledge graphs while preserving semantic integrity, and incorporate this contextual information into a generative framework to guide a diffusion-based model. The integration of knowledge graph embeddings with our generative model furnishes a robust mechanism for producing novel drug candidates possessing specific characteristics while ensuring validity and synthesizability. KARL outperforms state-of-the-art generative models on both unconditional and targeted generation tasks.
description: Accepted for publication at IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Physical deep learning based on optimal control of dynamical systems
Creators: name: Furuhata, Genki
name: Niiyama, Tomoaki
name: Sunada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep learning is the backbone of artificial intelligence technologies, and it can be regarded as a kind of multilayer feedforward neural network. An essence of deep learning is information propagation through layers. This suggests that there is a connection between deep neural networks and dynamical systems in the sense that information propagation is explicitly modeled by the time-evolution of dynamical systems. In this study, we perform pattern recognition based on the optimal control of continuous-time dynamical systems, which is suitable for physical hardware implementation. The learning is based on the adjoint method to optimally control dynamical systems, and the deep (virtual) network structures based on the time evolution of the systems are used for processing input information. As a key example, we apply the dynamics-based recognition approach to an optoelectronic delay system and demonstrate that the use of the delay system allows for image recognition and nonlinear classifications using only a few control signals. This is in contrast to conventional multilayer neural networks, which require a large number of weight parameters to be trained. The proposed approach provides insight into the mechanisms of deep network processing in the framework of an optimal control problem and presents a pathway for realizing physical computing hardware.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Failing to throw his mind back into the past : the reception of David Hume’s History of England in early nineteenth-centruy British historiography
Creators: name: Miles, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: From narrow partisan attacks on his political and religious views to more sophisticated discussions of his mode of historical writing, British writers in the first half of the nineteenth-century responded in various ways to David Hume's History of England. The response to Hume's history represented both continuity and change. Nineteenth- century writers introduced a new dimension to the discourse on Hume's history while continuing the political and religious controversies that began with the publication of Hume's work in 1754. Nineteenth-century Whigs continued to question Hume's account of the political struggle in England during the seventeenth century while maintaining that Hume was a mere royal apologist. Critics of Hume's religious views persisted in reproaching Hume for his impiety and continued to object to his alleged unfair treatment of religious groups in history. Nineteenth-century criticism of Hume's history added attacks on Hume's historical method and his narrative style to these political and religious challenges. Hume's historical method was criticized for being ahistorical and anachronistic; Hume was cited for writing "conjectural" rather than "authentic" history. Hume's narrative style was reproached for lacking vividness and for being too remote and distant. This paper investigates the meanings of these various criticisms and argues that they represented a new mode of historical consciousness that emerged at the beginning of the nineteenth-century. Hume's history was an important influence on the thinking of British writers in the first half of the nineteenth-century. This paper contends that an examination of the response to Hume's history provides an important way of understanding the historical consciousness of that period.
USDA's Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans: Development and Expenditure Shares
Creators: name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Fungwe, Thomas V.
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Fungwe, Thomas V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans represent nutritious diets at various costs. This revision of the market baskets of each food plan using a mathematical optimization model reflects recent changes in dietary guidance and incorporates updated information on food composition, consumption patterns, and food prices at the same inflation-adjusted cost of the previous food plans. This analysis shows how food expenditures need to change to obtain a healthful diet. The analysis is particularly significant because average food expenses exceed the cost of the Low-Cost Food Plan. Hence, Americans could achieve a healthful diet at less the cost than they are currently paying.
Information transmission through lossy bosonic memory channels
Creators: name: Ruggeri, Giovanna
name: Soliani, Giulio
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the information transmission through a quantum channel, defined over a continuous alphabet and losing its energy en route, in presence of correlated noise among different channel uses. We then show that entangled inputs improve the rate of transmission of such a channel.
description: 6 pages revtex, 2 eps figures
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ПРАВОСУБЪЕКТНОСТЬ ГОСУДАРСТВА: ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ
Creators: name: ЛУКИЧЕВ Д.А.
Publisher: name: Контентус
Year: 2020
Subjects: ГОСУДАРСТВО
ПРАВОСУБЪЕКТНОСТЬ ГОСУДАРСТВА
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ
ПРИЗНАНИЕ
ПРАВОПРЕЕМСТВО
СУВЕРЕННЫЕ ПРАВА
STATE
LEGAL PERSONALITY OF THE STATE
STATE SOVEREIGNTY
RECOGNITION
SUCCESSION
SOVEREIGN RIGHTS

description: В ряду субъектов международного права особое место занимает государство как доминирующий участник международно-правового общения. В этом статусе государство обладает особыми признаками, которые во многом влияют в последующем на его основные права и обязанности и политический статус. Такой статус зависит от факта признания государств и иных факторов, установление которых во многом повлияет на решение многих проблем современного международного общения при условии их учета в практике международного общения.
On a Serrin-type overdetermined problem
Creators: name: Celentano, Antonio
name: Nitsch, Carlo
name: Trombetti, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B06, 35J57, 35N25

description: In this paper, we prove a Serrin-type result for an elliptic system of equations, overdetermined with both Dirichlet and a generalized Neumann conditions. With this tool, we characterize the critical shapes under volume constraint of some domain functionals.
Designing Effective Questions for Classroom Response System Teaching
Creators: name: Beatty, Ian D.
name: Gerace, William J.
name: Dufresne, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classroom response systems (CRSs) can be potent tools for teaching physics. Their efficacy, however, depends strongly on the quality of the questions used. Creating effective questions is difficult, and differs from creating exam and homework problems. Every CRS question should have an explicit pedagogic purpose consisting of a content goal, a process goal, and a metacognitive goal. Questions can be engineered to fulfil their purpose through four complementary mechanisms: directing students' attention, stimulating specific cognitive processes, communicating information to instructor and students via CRS-tabulated answer counts, and facilitating the articulation and confrontation of ideas. We identify several tactics that help in the design of potent questions, and present four "makeovers" showing how these tactics can be used to convert traditional physics questions into more powerful CRS questions.
description: 11 pages, including 6 figures and 2 tables. Submitted (and mostly approved) to the American Journal of Physics. Based on invited talk BL05 at the 2005 Winter Meeting of the American Association of Physics Teachers (Albuquerque, NM)
ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА ОБ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОМ СТРАХОВАНИИ АВТОГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Creators: name: ПЛОТНИКОВА Т.В.
Publisher: name: Контентус
Year: 2020
Subjects: СТРАХОВАНИЕ
ДОГОВОР СТРАХОВАНИЯ
ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОЕ СТРАХОВАНИЕ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ВЛАДЕЛЬЦЕВ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ
INSURANCE
INSURANCE CONTRACT
INSURER
COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE OF VEHICLE OWNERS

description: Статья посвящена рассмотрению возникновения и развития страхования гражданской ответственности владельцев транспортных средств в России. Проведен анализ исторических аспектов в целом организации страхового дела, а также страхования автогражданской ответственности в дореволюционной России, а также в советский и постсоветский период. В статье приводятся статистические данные за последние два года.
Characteristic Time Variability of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Signals from Three-dimensional Simulations of Non-Rotating and Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core-Collapse
Creators: name: Shibagaki, Shota
name: Kuroda, Takami
name: Kotake, Kei
name: Takiwaki, Tomoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from full general relativistic three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of stellar core collapse of a 70 M$_\odot$ star with spectral neutrino transport. To investigate the impact of rotation on non-axisymmetric instabilities, we compute three models by parametrically changing the initial strength of rotation. The most rapidly rotating model exhibits a transient development of the low-$T/|W|$ instability with one-armed spiral flow at the early postbounce phase. Subsequently, the two-armed spiral flow appears, which persists during the simulation time. The moderately rotating model also shows the growth of the low-$T/|W|$ instability, but only with the two-armed spiral flow. In the nonrotating model, a vigorous activity of the standing accretion-shock instability (SASI) is only observed. The SASI is first dominated by the sloshing mode, which is followed by the spiral SASI until the black hole formation. We present a spectrogram analysis of the gravitational waves (GWs) and neutrinos, focusing on the time correlation. Our results show that characteristic time modulations in the GW and neutrino signals can be linked to the growth of the non-axisymmetric instabilities. We find that the degree of the protoneutron star (PNS) deformation, depending upon which modes of the non-axisymmetric instabilities develop, predominantly affects the characteristic frequencies of the correlated GW and neutrino signals. We point out that these signals would be simultaneously detectable by the current-generation detectors up to $\sim10$ kpc. Our findings suggest that the joint observation of GWs and neutrinos is indispensable for extracting information on the PNS evolution preceding the black hole formation.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures
The Sixth Framework Program as an Affiliation Network: Representation and Analysis
Creators: name: Billand, Pascal
name: Frachisse, David
name: Massard, Nadine
name: Billand, Pascal
name: Frachisse, David
name: Massard, Nadine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Affiliation Network
subject: Innovation Policies
subject: Centrality

description: In this paper, we compare two different representations of Framework Programs as affiliation network: “One-mode networks”' and “Two-mode networks”'. The aim of this article is to show that the choice of the representation has an impact on the analysis of the networks and on the results of the analysis. In order to support our proposals, we present two forms of representation and different indicators used in the analysis. We study the network of the 6th Framework Program using the two forms of representation. In particular, we show that the identification of the central nodes is sensitive to the chosen representation. Furthermore, the nodes forming the core of the network vary according to the representation. These differences of results are important as they can influence innovation policies.
Photonic implementation of quantum information masking
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng-Hao
name: Liang, Xiao-Bin
name: Sun, Kai
name: Li, Qiang
name: Meng, Yu
name: Yang, Mu
name: Li, Bo
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
name: Xu, Jin-Shi
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Masking of quantum information spreads it over nonlocal correlations and hides it from the subsystems. It is known that no operation can simultaneously mask all pure states [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230501 (2018)], so in what sense is quantum information masking useful? Here, we extend the definition of quantum information masking to general mixed states, and show that the resource of maskable quantum states are far more abundant than the no-go theorem seemingly suggests. Geometrically, the simultaneously maskable states lays on hyperdisks in the state hypersphere, and strictly contain the broadcastable states. We devise a photonic quantum information masking machine using time-correlated photons to experimentally investigate the properties of qubit masking, and demonstrate the transfer of quantum information into bipartite correlations and its faithful retrieval. The versatile masking machine has decent extensibility, and may be applicable to quantum secret sharing and fault-tolerant quantum communication. Our results provide some insights on the comprehension and potential application of quantum information masking.
description: 5+11 pages, 4+5 figures. To appear in PRL
Coupling bosonic modes with a qubit: entanglement dynamics at zero and finite-temperatures
Creators: name: Ciancio, Emanuele
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of two iso-spectral bosonic modes coupled with a single two-level systems i.e., a qubit. The dynamics is described by a mode-symmetric two-modes Jaynes-Cummings. The entanglement, induced between the two bosonic modes, is analyzed and quantified by negativity. We computed the time evolution of negativity starting from an initial thermal state of the bosonic sector for both zero and finite temperature. We also studied the entangling power of the interaction as a function of mode-qubit detuning and its resilience against temperature increase. Finally a two-qubit gates based on bosonic virtual subsystem is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Elicitation on relative clauses
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for an elicitation on word order in relative clauses. Corresponds to page 119-123 in Notebook 2.
Trainability Barriers in Low-Depth QAOA Landscapes
Creators: name: Rajakumar, Joel
name: Golden, John
name: Bärtschi, Andreas
name: Eidenbenz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a prominent variational quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Its effectiveness depends on identifying input parameters that yield high-quality solutions. However, understanding the complexity of training QAOA remains an under-explored area. Previous results have given analytical performance guarantees for a small, fixed number of parameters. At the opposite end of the spectrum, barren plateaus are likely to emerge at $Ω(n)$ parameters for $n$ qubits. In this work, we study the difficulty of training in the intermediate regime, which is the focus of most current numerical studies and near-term hardware implementations. Through extensive numerical analysis of the quality and quantity of local minima, we argue that QAOA landscapes can exhibit a superpolynomial growth in the number of low-quality local minima even when the number of parameters scales logarithmically with $n$. This means that the common technique of gradient descent from randomly initialized parameters is doomed to fail beyond small $n$, and emphasizes the need for good initial guesses of the optimal parameters.
description: minor updates
Shadow Pricing Market Access: A Trade Benefit Function Approach
Creators: name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Fare, Rolf
name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Fare, Rolf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Appropriate assessment of the social value of market access is at the core of a broad range of inquiries in trade research. A selection include: the appraisal of industry-level production and consumption distortions due to selective trade liberalization and partial tax reform; the construction of national-level quantity indicators of market access consistent with welfare change, and the use of international trade re-balancing as sanctions to discourage trade agreement violations, or as compensation in trade dispute settlement. In order to obtain shadow prices, we propose a new approach integrating the Luenberger benefit function and the directional output distance function. This yields a trade benefit function which represents trade preferences à la Meade in the context of a canonical general equilibrium model of trade. We first show that our approach is in keeping with well-established and commonly used measurement techniques of trade welfare, for the standard trade expenditure function is in fact dual to the trade benefit function. We then show that this dual relation allows for a direct retrieval of the shadow values of net imports from the trade benefit function. The usefulness and operationality of our approach is then demonstrated in a series of applications and simulations.
O(D,D) and the string $α'$ expansion: An obstruction
Creators: name: Hronek, Stanislav
name: Wulff, Linus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double Field Theory (DFT) is an attempt to make the O(d,d) T-duality symmetry of string theory manifest, already before reducing on a d-torus. It is known that supergravity can be formulated in an O(D,D) covariant way, and remarkably this remains true to the first order in $α'$. We set up a systematic way to analyze O(D,D) invariants, working order by order in fields, which we carry out up to order $α'^3$. At order $α'$ we recover the known Riemann squared invariant, while at order $α'^2$ we find no independent invariant. This is compatible with the $α'$ expansion in string theory. However, at order $α'^3$ we show that there is again no O(D,D) invariant, in contradiction to the fact that all string theories have a quartic Riemann invariant with coefficient proportional to $ζ(3)$. We conclude that DFT and similar frameworks cannot capture the full $α'$ expansion in string theory.
description: 20 pages; v2: Clarifications and references added. Published version
Convergence Rate of Projected Subgradient Method with Time-varying Step-sizes
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhihan
name: Zhang, Yanhao
name: Xia, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C25, 90C30

description: We establish the optimal ergodic convergence rate for the classical projected subgradient method with a time-varying step-size. This convergence rate remains the same even if we slightly increase the weight of the most recent points, thereby relaxing the ergodic sense.
description: 4 pages, Optimization Letters, 2024