cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ras Inactivation of the Retinoblastoma Pathway by Distinct Mechanisms in NIH 3T3 Fibroblast and RIE-1 Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Pestell, Richard G.
name: Pruitt, Kevin
name: Der, Channing J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Although Ras and Raf cause transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, only Ras causes transformation of RIE-1 intestinal epithelial cells. To determine if the inability of Raf to transform RIE-1 cells is due to a failure to deregulate cell cycle progression, we evaluated the consequences of sustained Ras and Raf activation on steady state levels of cyclin D1, p21(CIP/WAF), and p27(KIP1). Both Ras- and Raf-transformed NIH 3T3 cells showed up-regulated expression of cyclin D1, p21, and p27 protein, increased retinoblastoma (Rb) hyperphosphorylation, and increased activation of E2F-mediated transcription. Similarly, Ras-transformed RIE-1 cells also showed up-regulation of cyclin D1, p21, and hyperphosphorylated Rb. In contrast, Ras-mediated down-regulation of p27 was seen in RIE-1 cells. Conversely, stable expression of activated Raf alone caused only a partial up-regulation of p21 and Rb hyperphosphorylation but no activation of E2F-responsive transcription or down-regulation of p27 in RIE-1 cells. Moreover, we found that the AP-1 site was dispensable for Ras-mediated stimulation of the cyclin-D1 promoter in NIH 3T3 cells but was essential for Ras-mediated stimulation in RIE-1 cells. Thus, up-regulation of p21, rather than the down-regulation seen in previous transient expression studies, is seen with sustained Ras activation. Additionally, p27 may serve a positive (NIH 3T3) or negative (RIE-1) regulatory role in Ras transformation that is cell type-dependent. The involvement of Raf and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in mediating Ras changes in cyclin D1, p21, and p27 was also very distinct in NIH 3T3 and RIE-1 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of Raf-independent pathways in mediating oncogenic Ras deregulation of cell cycle progression in epithelial cells.
(1899) Emma Pamelia McGregor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Recombinant Fibrinogen Studies Reveal That Thrombin Specificity Dictates Order of Fibrinopeptide Release
Creators: name: Binnie, C. G.
name: Mullin, J. L.
name: Gorkun, O. V.
name: Lord, S. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: During cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, fibrinopeptide A (FpA) release precedes fibrinopeptide B (FpB) release. To examine the basis for this ordered release, we synthesized A'beta fibrinogen, replacing FpB with a fibrinopeptide A-like peptide, FpA' (G14V). Analyses of fibrinopeptide release from A'beta fibrinogen showed that FpA release and FpA' release were similar; the release of either peptide followed simple first-order kinetics. Specificity constants for FpA and FpA' were similar, demonstrating that these peptides are equally competitive substrates for thrombin. In the presence of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization, the rate of FpB release from normal fibrinogen was reduced 3-fold, consistent with previous data; in contrast, the rate of FpA' release from A'beta fibrinogen was unaffected. Thus, with A'beta fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide release from the beta chain is similar to fibrinopeptide release from the alpha chain. We conclude that the ordered release of fibrinopeptides is dictated by the specificity of thrombin for its substrates. We analyzed polymerization, following changes in turbidity, and found that polymerization of A'beta fibrinogen was similar to that of normal fibrinogen. We analyzed clot structure by scanning electron microscopy and found that clots from A'beta fibrinogen were similar to clots from normal fibrinogen. We conclude that premature release of the fibrinopeptide from the N terminus of the beta chain does not affect polymerization of fibrinogen.
Die orphische Theogonie im Papyrus von Derveni vor dem Hintergrund von Hesiods Theogonie und orientalischer Kosmogonien
Creators: name: Wolf, Margarita
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 480 Griechisch
subject: 880 Griechische Literatur

description: Bei der sogenannten Orphik handelt es sich um eine vielschichtige Erscheinung im Bereich von Mythologie, Dichtung und Kult, die nicht nur hinsichtlich genauer Abgrenzung, sondern auch begrifflich problematisch ist. Von besonderem Interesse sind die als orphisch bezeichneten Gedichte in theogonischer Form, die allesamt Orpheus als ihren Autor angeben. Solche Gedichte sind auch für die vorchristlichen Jahrhunderte belegt, aber wenn überhaupt nur dürftig überliefert, weshalb Vermutungen über diese altorphischen Inhalte lange Zeit nur spekulativ sein konnten. Mit dem Zufallsfund des Papyrus von Derveni in den 1960er Jahren wurden aber Reste einer altorphischen Theogonie entdeckt, die auffällige Übereinstimmungen mit, aber auch entscheidende Abweichungen von Hesiods Theogonie aufweist: Zentrale Motive finden sich teils abgewandelt und reinterpretiert in der orphischen Theogonie wieder und lassen sich zudem mit orientalischen Schöpfungsmythen vergleichen. Hinzu kommt die durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch proklamierte Autorenschaft der nicht weiter bekannten Entität Orpheus, die sich zwar nicht mit der berühmten mythischen Sängergestalt Orpheus gleichsetzen lässt, aber möglicherweise wenigstens bezüglich der Namensgebung auf die gemeinsame Vorlage des sogenannten Goëten berufen kann. Auch hierzu lassen sich bei Hesiod Anhaltspunkte finden.
Modular Action Language ALM
Creators: name: Inclezan, Daniela
name: Gelfond, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper introduces a new modular action language, ALM, and illustrates the methodology of its use. It is based on the approach of Gelfond and Lifschitz (1993; 1998) in which a high-level action language is used as a front end for a logic programming system description. The resulting logic programming representation is used to perform various computational tasks. The methodology based on existing action languages works well for small and even medium size systems, but is not meant to deal with larger systems that require structuring of knowledge. ALM is meant to remedy this problem. Structuring of knowledge in ALM is supported by the concepts of module (a formal description of a specific piece of knowledge packaged as a unit), module hierarchy, and library, and by the division of a system description of ALM into two parts: theory and structure. A theory consists of one or more modules with a common theme, possibly organized into a module hierarchy based on a dependency relation. It contains declarations of sorts, attributes, and properties of the domain together with axioms describing them. Structures are used to describe the domain's objects. These features, together with the means for defining classes of a domain as special cases of previously defined ones, facilitate the stepwise development, testing, and readability of a knowledge base, as well as the creation of knowledge representation libraries. To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
description: 65 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
Supplemental text from On critical dynamics and thermodynamic efficiency of urban transformations
Creators: name: Crosato, Emanuele
name: Nigmatullin, Ramil
name: Prokopenko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document contains additional information about data sources, methods and results.
Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble III. Stochastic (Fermi) Re-Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Emitted by SNRs
Creators: name: Cheng, K. S.
name: Chernyshov, D. O.
name: Dogiel, V. A.
name: Ko, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the model of stochastic re-acceleration of electrons, which are emitted by supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galactic Disk and propagate then into the Galactic halo, in order to explain the origin on nonthermal (radio and gamma-ray) emission from the Fermi Bubbles (FB). We assume that the energy for re-acceleration in the halo is supplied by shocks generated by processes of star accretion onto the central black hole. Numerical simulations show that regions with strong turbulence (places for electron re-acceleration) are located high up in the Galactic Halo about several kpc above the disk. The energy of SNR electrons that reach these regions does not exceed several GeV because of synchrotron and inverse Compton energy losses. At appropriate parameters of re-acceleration these electrons can be re-accelerated up to the energy 10E12 eV which explains in this model the origin of the observed radio and gamma-ray emission from the FB. However although the model gamma-ray spectrum is consistent with the Fermi results, the model radio spectrum is steeper than the observed by WMAP and Planck. If adiabatic losses due to plasma outflow from the Galactic central regions are taken into account, then the re-acceleration model nicely reproduces the Planck datapoints.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
(1896) Handel Pickard
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Beruf Massentierhalter:in - Landwirtschaft zwischen Fürsorge, Ausbeutung und Naturbeherrschung
Creators: name: Wittmann, Barbara
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Landwirtschaft; Natur; Kultur; Intensivtierhaltung; Umwelt
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie

description: Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich anhand von empirischen Einblicken und Interviewausschnitten mit der gesellschaftlich stark kritiierten Intensivtierhaltung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Naturbezüge einer Berufsgruppe, die innerhalb einer technisierten, automatisierten und in zahlreiche wirtschaftliche Abhängigkeiten eingebetteten Landwirtschaft agiert. Dabei wird die Vielschichtigkeit der bäuerlichen Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen ökonomischem Druck und hierarchischen Beziehungen ebenso deutlich wie Ebenen der Fürsorge sowie Überforderung und Abwehr angesichts der Fülle an öffentlichen Vorwürfen.
Electronic supplementary material from The use and misuse of herbarium specimens in evaluating plant extinction risks.
Creators: name: Lughadha, Eimear Nic
name: Walker, Barnaby E.
name: Canteiro, Cátia
name: Chadburn, Helen
name: Davis, Aaron P.
name: Serene Hargreaves
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Schuiteman, André
name: Williams, Emma
name: Bachman, Steven P.
name: Baines, David
name: Barker, Amy
name: Budden, Andrew P.
name: Carretero, Julia
name: Clarkson, James J.
name: Roberts, Alexandra
name: Rivers, Malin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Herbarium specimens provide verifiable and citable evidence of the occurrence of particular plants at particular points in space and time, and are vital resources for assessing extinction risk in the tropics, where plant diversity and threats to plants are greatest. We reviewed approaches to assessing extinction risk in response to the Convention on Biological Diversity's Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 2: an assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species by 2020. We tested five alternative approaches, using herbarium-derived data for trees, shrubs and herbs in five different plant groups from temperate and tropical regions. All species were previously fully assessed for the IUCN Red List. We found significant variation in the accuracy with which different approaches classified species as threatened or not threatened. Accuracy was highest for the machine learning model (90%) but the least data-intensive approach also performed well (82%). Despite concerns about spatial, temporal and taxonomic biases and uncertainties in herbarium data, when specimens represent the best available evidence for particular species, their use as a basis for extinction risk assessment is appropriate, necessary and urgent. Resourcing herbaria to maintain, increase and disseminate their specimen data is essential to guide and focus conservation action.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.
Simulation and modeling of a hydraulic hybrid driveline
Creators: name: Cheesman, Kaylen
name: Robinson, Kyle
name: Welp, Jared
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019

description: The work presented in this report demonstrates a model and simulation of a hydraulic hybrid
system which can be used in passenger vehicles. The system was developed to increase vehicle
fuel efficiency for the purpose of reducing vehicle emissions, as well as lowering operational costs
for vehicle owners. The system utilizes a regenerative braking system that features a variety of
hydraulic components used to capture and reuse energy that is traditionally lost in present day
vehicle systems. The hydraulic hybrid system was built and simulated on Simulink and Simscape,
so that the effects of implementing a hydraulic hybrid system into a vehicle could be observed and
analyzed. The simulation required input parameters based on factors such as weight, tire size, and
engine size. The hydraulic components, such as the accumulator and pump/motor, required sizing
for the simulation as well. To input the sizes of the hydraulic components, these values first had
to be calculated. The end-result of these inputs was a model of a hydraulic hybrid system. This
was followed by a simulation, which showed the effects when implementing a hydraulic hybrid
into an automobile.
Recombinant Fibrinogen Vlissingen/Frankfurt IV: THE DELETION OF RESIDUES 319 AND 320 FROM THE γ CHAIN OF FIBRINOGEN ALTERS CALCIUM BINDING, FIBRIN POLYMERIZATION, CROSS-LINKING, AND PLATELET AGGREGATION
Creators: name: Weisel, John W.
name: Hogan, Kelly A.
name: Gorkun, Oleg V.
name: Lounes, Karim C.
name: Coates, Andrew I.
name: Lord, Susan T.
name: Hantgan, Roy R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We synthesized a variant, recombinant fibrinogen modeled after the heterozygous dysfibrinogen Vlissingen/Frankfurt IV, a deletion of two residues, gammaAsn-319 and gammaAsp-320, located within the high affinity calcium-binding pocket. Turbidity studies showed no evidence of fibrin polymerization, although size exclusion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering studies showed small aggregates. These aggregates did not resemble normal protofibrils nor did they clot. Fibrinopeptide A release was normal, whereas fibrinopeptide B release was delayed approximately 3-fold. Plasmin cleavage of this fibrinogen was not changed by the presence of calcium or Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, indicating that both the calcium-binding site and the "a" polymerization site were non-functional. We conclude that the loss of normal polymerization was due to the lack of "A-a" interactions. Moreover, functions associated with the C-terminal end of the gamma chain, such as platelet aggregation and factor XIII cross-linking, were also disrupted, suggesting that this deletion of two residues affected the overall structure of the C-terminal domain of the gamma chain.
(1894) Elizabeth Coldingley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
LHC phenomenology of natural MSSM with non-universal gaugino masses at the unification scale
Creators: name: Abe, Hiroyuki
name: Kawamura, Junichiro
name: Omura, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we study collider phenomenology in the supersymmetric Standard Model with a certain type of non-universal gaugino masses at the gauge coupling unification scale, motivated by the little hierarchy problem. In this scenario, especially the wino mass is relatively large compared to the gluino mass at the unification scale, and the heavy wino can relax the fine-tuning of the higgsino mass parameter, so-called $μ$-parameter. Besides, it will enhance the lightest Higgs boson mass due to the relatively large left-right mixing of top squarks through the renormalization group (RG) effect. Then $125$ GeV Higgs boson could be accomplished, even if the top squarks are lighter than $1$ TeV and the $μ$ parameter is within a few hundreds GeV. The right-handed top squark tends to be lighter than the other sfermions due to the RG runnings, then we focus on the top squark search at the LHC. Since the top squark is almost right-handed and the higgsinos are nearly degenerate, $2b + E_T^{\rm miss}$ channel is the most sensitive to this scenario. We figure out current and expected experimental bounds on the lightest top squark mass and model parameters at the gauge coupling unification scale.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; added references and clarifications
New Proofs of Königs Theorem
Creators: name: Ghazal, Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: We introduce four new elementary short proofs of the famous König's theorem which characterizes bipartite graphs by absence of odd cycles.
Identidad ‘española’ y traducción cultural: el ejemplo del enciclopedismo español en la época de la Ilustración
Creators: name: Greilich, Susanne
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: traducción, transferencia cultural, identidad cultural, Ilustración, enciclopedias
subject: 860 Spanische und portugiesische Literatur

description: El artículo está dedicado a los fenómenos de traducción cultural y su relación con la identidad colectiva. Utilizando el ejemplo de la transferencia del género de la enci­clopedia moderna desde Francia hacia España en el siglo XVIII, se muestra cómo tales fenómenos de traducción cultural se configuran según las normas de la cultura de des­tino, convirtiéndose al mismo tiempo en el lugar de procesos de autoafirmación. El análi­sis muestra cómo las transferencias culturales pueden leerse como expresión de la iden­tidad colectiva. The article focusses on phenomena of cultural translation and their relations to collective identities. Using the example of the transfer of the genre of the modern encyclopaedia from France to Spain during the long 18th century, it is shown how such cultural translation phenomena are influenced by the norms of the target culture and become the site of self-assertion processes. The analysis shows how cultural transfers may be read as an expression of collective identities.
A search for neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality by means of sterile neutrino oscillometry
Creators: name: Smirnov, M. V.
name: Loo, K. K.
name: Novikov, Yu. N.
name: Trzaska, W. H.
name: Wurm, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The investigation of the oscillation pattern induced by the sterile neutrinos might determine the oscillation parameters, and at the same time, allow to probe CPT symmetry in the leptonic sector through neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality. We propose to use a large scintillation detector like JUNO or LENA to detect electron neutrinos and electron antineutrinos from MCi electron capture or beta decay sources. Our calculations indicate that such an experiment is realistic and could be performed in parallel to the current research plans for JUNO and RENO. Requiring at least 5$σ$ confidence level and assuming the values of the oscillation parameters indicated by the current global fit, we would be able to detect neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality of the order of 0.5% or larger, which would imply a signal of CPT anomalies.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Supplementary information from Elephant trunks form joints to squeeze together small objects.
Creators: name: Jianing Wu
name: Yichao Zhao
name: Yunshu Zhang
name: Shumate, David
name: Slade, Stephanie Braccini
name: Franklin, Scott V.
name: Hu, David L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Wild African elephants are voracious eaters, consuming 180 g of food per minute. One of their methods for eating at this speed is to sweep food into a pile and then pick it up. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we elucidate the elephant’s unique method of picking up a pile of food by compressing it with its trunk. To grab the smallest food items, the elephant forms a joint in its trunk, creating a pillar up to 11 cm tall that it uses to push down on food. Using a force sensor, we show the elephant applies greater force to smaller food pieces, in a manner that is required to solidify the particles into a lump solid, as calculated by Weibullian statistics. Elephants increase the height of the pillar with the force required, achieving up to 28% of the applied force using the self-weight of the pillar alone. This work shows that elephants are capable of modulating the force they apply to granular materials, taking advantage of their transition from fluid to solid. In the future, heavy robotic manipulators may also form joints to compress and lift objects together.
Temperature control module
Creators: name: Blaize, Ben
name: Miller, Michael
name: Serletic, Grant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this project was to allow students to control the temperature of a block of
aluminum using Proportional Integral Derivative (FID) tuning. The temperature board is modular
and connects to an IDEC Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Trainer for the ENGR 382
SCADA System Design class at USE The students will learn about PID tuning in lecture. The
students will then go through a laboratory experiment where they will use PID control on the
temperature control module we have created. The PID parameters they use will come from using
the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. The temperature control module has been built and tested
and has successfully met the customer's requirements of allowing students to PID tune using the
Ziegler-Nichols tuning method.
TEACHING ENGLISH USING VARIOUS MULTIMEDIA AND DIGITAL TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
Creators: name: Egamov, Erkin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The development of information technologies in the field of education has formed a new trend, within which the active use of multimedia technologies in the process of teaching foreign languages is perceived as a necessary requirement of the time. However, the scope of the term "multimedia technologies" is used in various studies, depending on the research tasks and subject area of the study, quite flexibly.
(1890) Joseph Husler Laycock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Restoration of Correct Splicing of Thalassemic β-Globin Pre-mRNA by Modified U1 snRNAs
Creators: name: Kole, R.
name: Gorman, L.
name: Mercatante, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The T-->G mutation at nucleotide 705 in the second intron of the beta-globin gene creates an aberrant 5' splice site and activates a 3' cryptic splice site upstream from the mutation. As a result, the IVS2-705 pre-mRNA is spliced via the aberrant splice sites leading to a deficiency of beta-globin mRNA and protein and to the genetic blood disorder thalassemia. We have shown previously that in cell culture models of thalassemia, aberrant splicing of beta-thalassemic IVS2-705 pre-mRNA was permanently corrected by a modified murine U7 snRNA that incorporated sequences antisense to the splice sites activated by the mutation. To explore the possibility of using other snRNAs as vectors for antisense sequences, U1 snRNA was modified in a similar manner. Replacement of the U1 9-nucleotide 5' splice site recognition sequence with nucleotides complementary to the aberrant 5' splice site failed to correct splicing of IVS2-705 pre-mRNA. In contrast, U1 snRNA targeted to the cryptic 3' splice site was effective. A hybrid with a modified U7 snRNA gene under the control of the U1 promoter and terminator sequences resulted in the highest levels of correction (up to 70%) in transiently and stably transfected target cells.
Limits on the fluctuating part of $y$-type distortion monopole from Planck and SPT results
Creators: name: Khatri, Rishi
name: Sunyaev, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the published Planck and SPT cluster catalogs and recently published $y$-distortion maps to put strong observational limits on the contribution of the fluctuating part of the $y$-type distortions to the $y$-distortion monopole. Our bounds are $5.4\times 10^{-8} < \langle y\rangle < 2.2\times 10^{-6}$. Our upper bound is a factor of 6.8 stronger than the currently best upper $95\%$ confidence limit from COBE-FIRAS of $\langle y\rangle <15\times 10^{-6}$. In the standard cosmology, large scale structure is the only source of such distortions and our limits therefore constrain the baryonic physics involved in the formation of the large scale structure. Our lower limit, from the detected clusters in the Planck and SPT catalogs, also implies that a Pixie-like experiment should detect the $y$-distortion monopole at $>27$-$σ$. The biggest sources of uncertainty in our upper limit are the monopole offsets between different HFI channel maps that we estimate to be $<10^{-6}$.
description: Added comparison with Planck NILC/MILCA maps, and figures of y probability distribution function. Accepted version
SNIP, a Novel SNAP-25-interacting Protein Implicated in Regulated Exocytosis
Creators: name: Chin, Lih Shen
name: Li, Lian
name: Nugent, Russel D.
name: Vavalle, John P.
name: Raynor, Mathew C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a presynaptic membrane protein that has been clearly implicated in membrane fusion in both developing and mature neurons, although its mechanisms of action are unclear. We have now identified a novel SNAP-25-interacting protein named SNIP. SNIP is a hydrophilic, 145-kDa protein that comprises two predicted coiled-coil domains, two highly charged regions, and two proline-rich domains with multiple PPXY and PXXP motifs. SNIP is selectively expressed in brain where it co-distributes with SNAP-25 in most brain regions. Biochemical studies have revealed that SNIP is tightly associated with the brain cytoskeleton. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence localization studies have demonstrated that SNIP co-localizes with SNAP-25 as well as the cortical actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that SNIP serves as a linker protein connecting SNAP-25 to the submembranous cytoskeleton. By using deletion analysis, we have mapped the binding domains of SNIP and SNAP-25, and we have demonstrated that the SNIP-SNAP-25 association is mediated via coiled-coil interactions. Moreover, we have shown that overexpression of SNIP or its SNAP-25-interacting domain inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis from PC12 cells. These results indicate that SNIP is involved in regulation of neurosecretion, perhaps via its interaction with SNAP-25 and the cytoskeleton.
Technology and readout for scaling up superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Knehr, Emanuel Marius
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: SNSPD
Einzelphotonendetektor
Supraleitung
Atomlagenabscheidung
single-photon detector
superconductivity
thin-film technology
frequency-division multiplexing
optical integration

description: This work presents three advances to scale SNSPDs from few-pixel devices to large detector arrays: atomic layer deposition for the fabrication of uniform superconducting niobium nitride films of few-nanometer thickness, a frequency-multiplexing scheme to operate multiple detectors with a reduced number of lines, and the integration of SNSPDs with free-form polymer structures to achieve efficient optical coupling onto the active area of the detectors.
Appendix S2 Supplemental methods and results for mathematical model from El Niño/Southern Oscillation-driven rainfall pulse amplifies predation by owls on seabirds via apparent competition with mice.
Creators: name: Thomsen, Sarah K.
name: Mazurkiewicz, David M.
name: Stanley, Thomas R.
name: Green, David J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Most approaches for assessing species vulnerability to climate change have focused on direct impacts via abiotic changes rather than indirect impacts mediated by changes in species interactions. Changes in rainfall regimes may influence species interactions from the bottom-up by increasing primary productivity in arid environments, but subsequently lead to less predictable top-down effects. Our study demonstrates how the effects of an EL niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven rainfall pulse ricochets along a chain of interactions between marine and terrestrial food webs, leading to enhanced predation of a vulnerable marine predator on its island breeding grounds. On Santa Barbara Island, barn owls (Tyto alba) are the main predator of a nocturnal seabird, the Scripps's murrelet (Synthliboramphus scrippsi), as well as an endemic deer mouse. We followed the links between rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index and subsequent peaks in mouse and owl abundance. After the mouse population declined steeply, there was approximately 15-fold increase in the number of murrelets killed by owls. We also simulated these dynamics with a mathematical model and demonstrate that bottom-up resource pulses can lead to subsequent declines in alternative prey. Our study highlights the need for understanding how species interactions will change with shifting rainfall patterns through the effects of ENSO under global change.
The impact of ChatGPT on higher education
Creators: name: Dempere, Juan
name: Modugu, Kennedy
name: Hesham, Allam
name: Ramasamy, Lakshmana Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390405
subject: Educational technology and computing
classificationCode: 390403
subject: Educational administration, management and leadership
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing

description: Introduction: This study explores the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots, with a particular focus on OpenAI’s ChatGPT, on Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). With the rapid advancement of AI, understanding its implications in the educational sector becomes paramount.Methods: Utilizing databases like PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, we systematically searched for literature on AI chatbots’ impact on HEIs. Our criteria prioritized peer-reviewed articles, prominent media outlets, and English publications, excluding tangential AI chatbot mentions. After selection, data extraction focused on authors, study design, and primary findings. The analysis combined descriptive and thematic approaches, emphasizing patterns and applications of AI chatbots in HEIs.Results: The literature review revealed diverse perspectives on ChatGPT’s potential in education. Notable benefits include research support, automated grading, and enhanced human-computer interaction. However, concerns such as online testing security, plagiarism, and broader societal and economic impacts like job displacement, the digital literacy gap, and AI-induced anxiety were identified. The study also underscored the transformative architecture of ChatGPT and its versatile applications in the educational sector. Furthermore, potential advantages like streamlined enrollment, improved student services, teaching enhancements, research aid, and increased student retention were highlighted. Conversely, risks such as privacy breaches, misuse, bias, misinformation, decreased human interaction, and accessibility issues were identified.Discussion: While AI’s global expansion is undeniable, there is a pressing need for balanced regulation in its application within HEIs. Faculty members are encouraged to utilize AI tools like ChatGPT proactively and ethically to mitigate risks, especially academic fraud. Despite the study’s limitations, including an incomplete representation of AI’s overall effect on education and the absence of concrete integration guidelines, it is evident that AI technologies like ChatGPT present both significant benefits and risks. The study advocates for a thoughtful and responsible integration of such technologies within HEIs.
Electronic supplementary material from The use and misuse of herbarium specimens in evaluating plant extinction risks
Creators: name: Lughadha, Eimear Nic
name: Walker, Barnaby E.
name: Canteiro, Cátia
name: Chadburn, Helen
name: Davis, Aaron P.
name: Serene Hargreaves
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Schuiteman, André
name: Williams, Emma
name: Bachman, Steven P.
name: Baines, David
name: Barker, Amy
name: Budden, Andrew P.
name: Carretero, Julia
name: Clarkson, James J.
name: Roberts, Alexandra
name: Rivers, Malin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Herbarium specimens provide verifiable and citable evidence of the occurrence of particular plants at particular points in space and time, and are vital resources for assessing extinction risk in the tropics, where plant diversity and threats to plants are greatest. We reviewed approaches to assessing extinction risk in response to the Convention on Biological Diversity's Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 2: an assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species by 2020. We tested five alternative approaches, using herbarium-derived data for trees, shrubs and herbs in five different plant groups from temperate and tropical regions. All species were previously fully assessed for the IUCN Red List. We found significant variation in the accuracy with which different approaches classified species as threatened or not threatened. Accuracy was highest for the machine learning model (90%) but the least data-intensive approach also performed well (82%). Despite concerns about spatial, temporal and taxonomic biases and uncertainties in herbarium data, when specimens represent the best available evidence for particular species, their use as a basis for extinction risk assessment is appropriate, necessary and urgent. Resourcing herbaria to maintain, increase and disseminate their specimen data is essential to guide and focus conservation action.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.
Two-stroke dirt bike electric fuel injection retrofit kit
Creators: name: Leathem, Joshua
name: Snyder, Nolan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this project was to design an electric fuel injection kit for a preexisting
two-stroke dirt bike engine. The need for this project is that two-stroke engines produce more
unbumed hydrocarbon emissions than four-stroke dirt bike engines. This has led to less
manufacturers producing two-stroke dirt bikes, which has contributed to the decline in dirt bike
sales in the United States and Europe. In some Asian countries two-stroke engines are used for
transportation means and contribute to the poor air quality in those countries. A solution to the
emissions issues of the two-stroke engine is electric fuel injection. Electric Fuel injection
controls the amount of fuel injected into the engine and when the fuel is injected. The fuel
injection is controlled by a programmable microcontroller. The design for this fuel injection kit
is called Throttle Body Injection. This form of fuel injection replaces the carburetor on the dirt
bike with a throttle body. A fuel injector is embedded into the throttle boy and injects fuel into
the air stream passing through the throttle body to be delivered to the engine. To test the
emissions of the vehicle a test was developed with the University of Southern Indiana's Dr.
Bohrer from the chemistry department. The emissions test analyzed condensed emissions in a
mass spectrometer. A working design of the project was not completed, therefore there is no
final emissions data to report.
REACT strategies for an eco-friendly fight against invasive insect pests
Creators: name: OIKOPLUS GmbH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Due to climate change, Europe has become home to certain new insect species which pose a risk to human health and food safety. The EU-funded project, REACT focuses on two of those species: Bactrocera zonata, the peach fruit fly, and Bactrocera dorsalis, the oriental fruit fly. The goal of REACT is to find novel and, above all, pesticide-free methods to control the dispersion of both pests. This video shows an in-depth introduction to the REACT project, including some of the activities undertaken by the researchers, and shares the knowledge of the fundamental methodologies used in the project. 

Speakers: Prof. Dr. Marc Schetelig, Dr. Hélène Delatte, Dr. Francesca Scolar, Dr. Gur Pines, Dr. Antonios Avgoustinos

Narrator: Michael Anranter Produced by: Catalina Sabie, Michael Anranter, Thomas Stollenwerk, Zuzanna Zajac

Footage: IAEA, Oikoplus, Pexels, Artlist (Ami Bornstein, Hans Peter Schepp, Boreale Vision, Forvision, Pavel Daniliuk, Via Films, MayaLab, Lior Patel, MXR Productions)

Funded by the European Union
(1892) John Laycock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Real-space observation of short-period cubic lattice of skyrmions in MnGe
Creators: name: Tanigaki, Toshiaki
name: Shibata, Kiyou
name: Kanazawa, Naoya
name: Yu, Xiuzhen
name: Aizawa, Sinji
name: Onose, Yoshinori
name: Park, Hyun Soon
name: Shindo, Daisuke
name: Tokura, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergent phenomena and functions arising from topological electron-spin textures in real space or momentum space are attracting growing interest for new concept of states of matter as well as for possible applications to spintronics. One such example is a magnetic skyrmion, a topologically stable nanoscale spin vortex structure characterized by a topological index. Real-space regular arrays of skyrmions are described by combination of multi-directional spin helixes. Nanoscale configurations and characteristics of the two-dimensional skyrmion hexagonal-lattice have been revealed extensively by real-space observations. Other three-dimensional forms of skyrmion lattices, such as a cubic-lattice of skyrmions, are also anticipated to exist, yet their direct observations remain elusive. Here we report real-space observations of spin configurations of the skyrmion cubic-lattice in MnGe with a very short period (~3 nm) and hence endowed with the largest skyrmion number density. The skyrmion lattices parallel to the {100} atomic lattices are directly observed using Lorentz transmission electron microscopes (Lorentz TEMs). It enables the first simultaneous observation of magnetic skyrmions and underlying atomic-lattice fringes. These results indicate the emergence of skyrmion-antiskyrmion lattice in MnGe, which is a source of emergent electromagnetic responses and will open a possibility of controlling few-nanometer scale skyrmion lattices through atomic lattice modulations.
(1893) Alfred Laycock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Appendix S1 Detailed methods for the deer mouse mark-recapture analysis on Santa Barbara Island from El Niño/Southern Oscillation-driven rainfall pulse amplifies predation by owls on seabirds via apparent competition with mice.
Creators: name: Thomsen, Sarah K.
name: Mazurkiewicz, David M.
name: Stanley, Thomas R.
name: Green, David J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Most approaches for assessing species vulnerability to climate change have focused on direct impacts via abiotic changes rather than indirect impacts mediated by changes in species interactions. Changes in rainfall regimes may influence species interactions from the bottom-up by increasing primary productivity in arid environments, but subsequently lead to less predictable top-down effects. Our study demonstrates how the effects of an EL niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven rainfall pulse ricochets along a chain of interactions between marine and terrestrial food webs, leading to enhanced predation of a vulnerable marine predator on its island breeding grounds. On Santa Barbara Island, barn owls (Tyto alba) are the main predator of a nocturnal seabird, the Scripps's murrelet (Synthliboramphus scrippsi), as well as an endemic deer mouse. We followed the links between rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index and subsequent peaks in mouse and owl abundance. After the mouse population declined steeply, there was approximately 15-fold increase in the number of murrelets killed by owls. We also simulated these dynamics with a mathematical model and demonstrate that bottom-up resource pulses can lead to subsequent declines in alternative prey. Our study highlights the need for understanding how species interactions will change with shifting rainfall patterns through the effects of ENSO under global change.
(1891) Robert Laycock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.