cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On non-existence of continuous families of stationary nonlinear modes for a class of complex potentials
Creators: name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
name: Slobodyanyuk, Alexander O.
name: Alfimov, Georgy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two cases when the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with an external complex potential is well-known to support continuous families of localized stationary modes: the ${\cal PT}$-symmetric potentials and the Wadati potentials. Recently Y. Kominis and coauthors [Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 118, 222-233 (2019)] have suggested that the continuous families can be also found in complex potentials of the form $W(x)=W_{1}(x)+iCW_{1,x}(x)$, where $C$ is an arbitrary real and $W_1(x)$ is a real-valued and bounded differentiable function. Here we study in detail nonlinear stationary modes that emerge in complex potentials of this type (for brevity, we call them W-dW potentials). First, we assume that the potential is small and employ asymptotic methods to construct a family of nonlinear modes. Our asymptotic procedure stops at the terms of the $\varepsilon^2$ order, where small $\varepsilon$ characterizes amplitude of the potential. We therefore conjecture that no continuous families of authentic nonlinear modes exist in this case, but "pseudo-modes" that satisfy the equation up to $\varepsilon^2$-error can indeed be found in W-dW potentials. Second, we consider the particular case of a W-dW potential well of finite depth and support our hypothesis with qualitative and numerical arguments. Third, we simulate the nonlinear dynamics of found pseudo-modes and observe that, if the amplitude of W-dW potential is small, then the pseudo-modes are robust and display persistent oscillations around a certain position predicted by the asymptotic expansion. Finally, we study the authentic stationary modes which do not form a continuous family, but exist as isolated points. Numerical simulations reveal dynamical instability of these solutions.
description: title changed; several corrections made; 20 pages, 9 figures; accepted for Studies in Applied Mathematics
Additional file 1 of Leveraging genomic diversity for discovery in an electronic health record linked biobank: the UCLA ATLAS Community Health Initiative
Creators: name: Johnson, Ruth
name: Ding, Yi
name: Venkateswaran, Vidhya
name: Bhattacharya, Arjun
name: Boulier, Kristin
name: Chiu, Alec
name: Knyazev, Sergey
name: Schwarz, Tommer
name: Freund, Malika
name: Zhan, Lingyu
name: Burch, Kathryn S.
name: Caggiano, Christa
name: Hill, Brian
name: Rakocz, Nadav
name: Balliu, Brunilda
name: Denny, Christopher T.
name: Sul, Jae Hoon
name: Zaitlen, Noah
name: Arboleda, Valerie A.
name: Halperin, Eran
name: Sankararaman, Sriram
name: Butte, Manish J.
name: Lajonchere, Clara
name: Geschwind, Daniel H.
name: Pasaniuc, Bogdan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Materials providing additional graphs and figures.
Intensity correlations, entanglement properties and ghost imaging in multimode thermal-seeded parametric downconversion: Theory
Creators: name: Degiovanni, Ivo P.
name: Bondani, Maria
name: Puddu, Emiliano
name: Andreoni, Alessandra
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address parametric-downconversion seeded by multimode pseudo-thermal fields. We show that this process may be used to generate multimode pairwise correlated states with entanglement properties that can be tuned by controlling the seed intensities. Multimode pseudo-thermal fields seeded parametric-downconversion represents a novel source of correlated states, which allows one to explore the classical-quantum transition in pairwise correlations and to realize ghost imaging and ghost diffraction in regimes not yet explored by experiments.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Perturbative finite temperature field theory in Minkowski space
Creators: name: Keil, Werner H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis contains a perturbative analysis of decay and scattering rates in finite temperature and density environments. The discussion is based on the Niemi-Semenoff real-time formulation of quantum field theory at finite temperature. Two systems are investigated: neutron β decay at finite density, and Higgs boson decay with radiative QED corrections, at finite temperature. For neutron β decay, a fully relativistic analysis at tree level is presented. An analytic formula for the free neutron decay rate is derived, and subsequently generalized to a finite-density environment. The decay rates are obtained from the imaginary part of the neutron self-energy. This method turns out to be very straightforward and elegant, since it includes all relevant decay and inverse decay modes in a nontrivial way. The decay of a Higgs boson into two fermions, with one-loop QED corrections, is used to discuss the problem of renormalization at finite temperature. It is found that the finite-temperature part of the self-energy corrections cannot be absorbed into temperature dependent mass and wave function renormalization counterterms, due to the lack of Lorentz invariance, and it is argued that finite-temperature renormalization is not an appropriate concept for decay and scattering rate calculations. A general algorithm for the calculation of thermal self-energy corrections is derived, and applied to the Higgs-fermion system. The result is explicitly shown to be free of infrared and mass singularities. Previous work on the subject is compared to this general approach, and possible applications in cosmology and astrophysics are discussed.
Photon Antibunching in the Photoluminescence Spectra of a Single Carbon Nanotube
Creators: name: Högele, Alexander
name: Galland, Christophe
name: Winger, Martin
name: Imamoglu, Atac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of photon antibunching in the photoluminescence from single carbon nanotubes. The emergence of a fast luminescence decay component under strong optical excitation indicates that Auger processes are partially responsible for inhibiting two-photon generation. Additionally, the presence of exciton localization at low temperatures ensures that nanotubes emit photons predominantly one by one. The fact that multiphoton emission probability can be smaller than 5% suggests that carbon nanotubes could be used as a source of single photons for applications in quantum cryptography.
description: content as published
N=1,2,3 l-conformal Galilei superalgebras
Creators: name: Galajinsky, Anton
name: Masterov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of constructing N=1,2,3 supersymmetric extensions of the l-conformal Galilei algebra is reconsidered following the approach in [JHEP 1709 (2017) 131]. Drawing a parallel between acceleration generators entering the superalgebra and irreducible supermultiplets of d=1, N-extended superconformal group, a new N=1 l-conformal Galilei superalgebra, two new N=2 variants, and two new N=3 versions are built. Realisations in terms of differential operators in superspace are given.
description: v2: 17 pages, introductory and concluding parts extended, references added; the version accepted in JHEP
Supplementary table (jc.2021-00200).pdf
Creators: name: Vogt, Elinor
name: Husebye, Eystein S
name: E Royrvik
name: Breivik, Lars Ertesvåg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: We tested associations to 104 POI- or AAD-associated genes. When applying the Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0·00048, no between-group differences were detected for any of the 104 genes tested for. Eight of the 104 loci reached nominal significance, including three (FOXL2, PNO1, and DDX4) with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 5%. Since genotyping and imputation of rare alleles (defined as <5%) are prone to inaccuracy for technical reasons, the genotypes reported for the remaining five rare alleles were not reliable in our POI cohort and were therefore not reported.
Crystallization of the resonating valence bond liquid as vortex condensation
Creators: name: Ralko, Arnaud
name: Ferrero, Michel
name: Becca, Federico
name: Ivanov, Dmitri
name: Mila, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the liquid-to-crystal quantum phase transition in the Rokhsar--Kivelson dimer model on the two-dimensional triangular lattice occurs as a condensation of vortex-like excitations called ``visons''. This conclusion is drawn from the numerical studies of the vison spectrum in the liquid phase by using the Green's function Monte Carlo method. We find that visons remain the lowest excitation throughout the liquid phase and that their gap decreases continuously to zero at the phase transition. The nature of the crystal phase and the second order of the phase transition are in agreement with the earlier prediction of Moessner and Sondhi [Phys. Rev. B 63, 224401 (2001)].
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Simulation of Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistors
Creators: name: Fiori, G.
name: Iannaccone, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an atomistic three-dimensional simulation of graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors (GNR-FETs), based on the self-consistent solution of the 3D Poisson and Schroedinger equation with open boundary conditions within the non-equilibrium Green's Function formalism and a tight-binding hamiltonian. With respect to carbon nanotube FETs, GNR-FETs exhibit comparable performance, reduced sensitivity on the variability of channel chirality, and similar leakage problems due to band-to-band tunneling. Acceptable transistor performance requires effective nanoribbon width of 1-2 nm, that could be obtained with periodic etching patterns or stress patterns.
Holographic Path-Integral Optimization
Creators: name: Boruch, Jan
name: Caputa, Pawel
name: Ge, Dongsheng
name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we elaborate on holographic description of the path-integral optimization in conformal field theories (CFT) using Hartle-Hawking wave functions in Anti-de Sitter spacetimes. We argue that the maximization of the Hartle-Hawking wave function is equivalent to the path-integral optimization procedure in CFT. In particular, we show that metrics that maximize gravity wave functions computed in particular holographic geometries, precisely match those derived in the path-integral optimization procedure for their dual CFT states. The present work is a detailed version of \cite{Boruch:2020wax} and contains many new results such as analysis of excited states in various dimensions including JT gravity, and a new way of estimating holographic path-integral complexity from Hartle-Hawking wave functions. Finally, we generalize the analysis to Lorentzian Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter geometries and use it to shed light on path-integral optimization in Lorentzian CFTs.
description: 74 pages, 6 figures, v2 References added, Published version
Additional file 4 of Three tyrosine kinase inhibitors cause cardiotoxicity by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Wang, Huan
name: Wang, Yiming
name: Li, Jiongyuan
name: He, Ziyi
name: Boswell, Sarah A.
name: Chung, Mirra
name: You, Fuping
name: Han, Sen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 4. Supplementary research methods and details on the reagent or resource used in the experiment.
Regular black holes and gravitational particle-like solutions in generic DHOST theories
Creators: name: Baake, Olaf
name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Hassaine, Mokhtar
name: Juan, Miguel San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct regular, asymptotically flat black holes of higher order scalar tensor (DHOST) theories, which are obtained by making use of a generalized Kerr-Schild solution generating method. The solutions depend on a mass integration constant, admit a smooth core of chosen regularity, and generically have an inner and outer event horizon. In particular, below a certain mass threshold, we find massive, horizonless, particle-like solutions. We scan through possible observational signatures ranging from weak to strong gravity and study the thermodynamics of our regular solutions, comparing them, when possible, to General Relativity black holes and their thermodynamic laws.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures (added new references)
Birth of universes with non-minimal coupling
Creators: name: Fakir, Redouane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Part I : Models of cosmological inflation are plagued with a severe and seemingly unavoidable problem: in order to produce density perturbations of an amplitude consistent with large scale observations, the self-coupling λ of the inflaton field has to be tuned to an excessively small value. In all these models, however, the scalar field is taken to be minimally coupled to the scalar curvature (the curvature coupling ξ is set to zero). It is shown here that in the more general case of non-minimal coupling (ξ≠0 ), and within the framework of Linde's chaotic inflation, the constraint on the self-coupling can be relaxed by several orders of magnitude. This stems essentially from the fact that, contrary to common belief, the curvature coupling ξ can be almost arbitrarily large without upsetting the inflationary scenario. Non-minimal coupling may thus provide a relatively simple solution to the long-standing problem of excessive density perturbations in inflationary models. Part II : The possibility of inflation during induced gravity spontaneous symmetry breaking with Zee's Lagrangian L — ξφ²R/2 –δ[sub α]φδ[sup α]φ/2-λ(φ²-v²)² is confirmed. The 'ordinary' and 'chaotic' versions of this model are compared and found to differ substantially regarding the constraints on initial conditions and field parameters. The 'chaotic' version, which is very similar to the model discribed in Part I, proves to be more attractive in most respects. In particular, the belief that λ has to be excessively small is shown to be well founded only for 'ordinary' inflation. Part III : The minisuperspace canonical quantization is applied to the λφ⁴ theory of Part I, where the usual assumption of minimal coupling between the curvature and the scalar field is dropped. Different sets of variables are used and special attention is paid to the invariance of the quantization procedure and to the related issue of factor ordering in the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. It is shown that the generic features of Vilenkin's and Hartle and Hawking's wave functions are preserved in non-minimal coupling. The results also apply to the quartic induced gravity potential of Part II. It is noted that the minisuperspace wave function can be regarded, not as the wave function of the Universe, but rather as describing an ensemble of inflationary sub-universes. Predictions of classical initial conditions could then be made using an ordinary frequency interpretation of quantum probabilities.
Amsterdam Efficient Deduplication (AED) method
Creators: name: Otten, René
name: Vries, Ralph De
name: Schoonmade, Linda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: deduplication
systematic review
EndNote
multiple databases
search updates

description: In extensive searching of biomedical literature, especially for systematic reviews, it is common practice and usually required to search multiple databases. Depending on the specific subject it can range from 2 to more than 10 databases. The results will therefore contain many duplicates. But deduplication can be a time-consuming process and is sensitive to faults.We describe a method (the Amsterdam Efficient Deduplication (AED) method) which is efficient, highly reliable and time saving. 
Phase transition in a stochastic prime number generator
Creators: name: Luque, Bartolo
name: Lacasa, Lucas
name: Miramontes, Octavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a stochastic algorithm that acts as a prime number generator. The dynamics of such algorithm gives rise to a continuous phase transition which separates a phase where the algorithm is able to reduce a whole set of integers into primes and a phase where the system reaches a frozen state with low prime density. We present both numerical simulations and an analytical approach in terms of an annealed approximation, by means of which the data are collapsed. A critical slowing down phenomenon is also outlined.
description: accepted in PRE (Rapid Comm.)
Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory: Kinetic Potentials and Ab-Initio Local Pseudopotentials
Creators: name: Chai, Jeng-Da
name: Weeks, John D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the density functional (DF) theory of Kohn and Sham, the kinetic energy of the ground state of a system of noninteracting electrons in a general external field is calculated using a set of orbitals. Orbital free methods attempt to calculate this directly from the electron density by approximating the universal but unknown kinetic energy density functional. However simple local approximations are inaccurate and it has proved very difficult to devise generally accurate nonlocal approximations. We focus instead on the kinetic potential, the functional derivative of the kinetic energy DF, which appears in the Euler equation for the electron density. We argue that the kinetic potential is more local and more amenable to simple physically motivated approximations in many relevant cases, and describe two pathways by which the value of the kinetic energy can be efficiently calculated. We propose two nonlocal orbital free kinetic potentials that reduce to known exact forms for both slowly varying and rapidly varying perturbations and also reproduce exact results for the linear response of the density of the homogeneous system to small perturbations. A simple and systematic approach for generating accurate and weak ab-initio local pseudopotentials which produce a smooth slowly varying valence component of the electron density is proposed for use in orbital free DF calculations of molecules and solids. The use of these local pseudopotentials further minimizes the possible errors from the kinetic potentials. Our theory yields results for the total energies and ionization energies of atoms, and for the shell structure in the atomic radial density profiles that are in very good agreement with calculations using the full Kohn-Sham theory.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. B
Tracking granules on the Sun's surface and reconstructing horizontal velocity fields: I. the CST algorithm
Creators: name: Rieutord, M.
name: Roudier, T.
name: Roques, S.
name: Ducottet, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination of horizontal velocity fields on the solar surface is crucial for understanding the dynamics of structures like mesogranulation or supergranulation or simply the distribution of magnetic fields. We pursue here the development of a method called CST for coherent structure tracking, which determines the horizontal motion of granules in the field of view. We first devise a generalization of Strous method for the segmentation of images and show that when segmentation follows the shape of granules more closely, granule tracking is less effective for large granules because of increased sensitivity to granule fragmentation. We then introduce the multi-resolution analysis on the velocity field, based on Daubechies wavelets, which provides a view of this field on different scales. An algorithm for computing the field derivatives, like the horizontal divergence and the vertical vorticity, is also devised. The effects from the lack of data or from terrestrial atmospheric distortion of the images are also briefly discussed.
description: in press in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 9 pages
Διαμόρφωση βασικών παραμέτρων σχεδιασμού και υλοποίησης της Ελληνικής Εθνικής Υποδομής Γεωχωρικών Πληροφοριών: εφαρμογή στον αγροτικό τομέα
Creators: name: Τζιαχρής, Παναγιώτης Η.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2015
Subjects: Υποδομή Γεωχωρικών Πληροφοριών (ΥΓΕΠ)
Σχεδιασμός, Καλλιέργεια
Μοντέλο Σύνθεσης Τάσεων
Εδαφολογικά χωρικά δεδομένα
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
Design, Cultivation
Tension Synthesis Model
Soil spatial data

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η μελέτη της Υποδομής Γεωχωρικών Πληροφοριών (ΥΓΕΠ, Spatial Data Infrastructure - SDI) ειδικά για την περίπτωση της Ελλάδας και η πρόταση διαμόρφωσης βασικών παραμέτρων σχεδιασμού και υλοποίησης της, με την δόμηση και αξιοποίηση ενός "Μοντέλου Σύνθεσης Τάσεων". Επιπλέον, καταγράφει την υφιστάμενη προσέγγιση από την εδαφολογική επιστημονική κοινότητα, των Ελληνικών αγροτικών εδαφολογικών δεδομένων και την συγκρίνει με τις απαιτήσεις του νόμου 3882/2010 για την Ελληνική Εθνική ΥΓΕΠ (ΕΥΓΕΠ) και της Ευρωπαϊκής ΥΓΕΠ (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community, INSPIRE). Τέλος αξιοποιώντας τα θεωρητικά συμπεράσματα της παρούσας διατριβής, παραθέτει δυο διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις (τεχνοκεντρική, κοινωνικοτεχνική) ενσωμάτωσης και αξιοποίησης των Ελληνικών εδαφολογικών δεδομένων σε μια μελλοντική Ελληνική ΕΥΓΕΠ, προκρίνοντας ωστόσο την κοινωνικοτεχνική ως πιο πιθανά βιώσιμη και επιτυχημένη, καθώς και πιο συμβατή τόσο με την σύγχρονη θεωρία όσο και με τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας διατριβής.
description: The aim of the current thesis is to study the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) specifically for Greece and to introduce a configuration of its key design and implementation parameters, based on the "Tension Synthesis Model" proposal. Additionally, it analyzes and presents the Greek agricultural soil spatial data (definition, processes, approach) and compares it with the requirements of Law 3882/2010 for the Greek NSDI and the European SDI (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community, INSPIRE). Finally, using the theoretical conclusions of this study, describes two different approaches of integrating Greek soil spatial data in a future Greek NSDI, favoring the one over the other based on the probable viability and compatibility with the thesis results.
Evaluation report of learning outcomes of high school students after participating in air quality projects
Creators: name: Passani, Antonella
name: Annelli Janssen
name: Lisio, Giulia Di
name: Grossberndt, Sonja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Citizen science in high schools
air quality
Arduino based sensors
learning outcomes
impact assessment

description: This deliverable evaluates the learning outcomes of high school students participating in ACTION’s air quality pilot in Norway and the overall impact of these activities.
D4.2 Heterogeneous Acceleration for Efficient  Processing
Creators: name: Bertuletti, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this deliverable, we propose 6G heterogeneous digital accelerators for a trustworthy execution platform, addressing the need for specialized, programmable, and energy-efficient hardware to meet rising processing demands and evolving standards, with RISC-V playing a key role. This deliverable is submitted and under review.COREnext is a Horizon Europe project under Grant Agreement number 101092598.
Tin(II) thiocyanate Sn(SCN)$_2$ as an ultrathin anode interlayer in organic photovoltaics
Creators: name: Chaopaknam, Jidapa
name: Wechwithayakhlung, Chayanit
name: Nakajima, Hideki
name: Lertvanithphol, Tossaporn
name: Horprathum, Mati
name: Sudyoadsuk, Taweesak
name: Promarak, Vinich
name: Saeki, Akinori
name: Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the application of a coordination polymer semiconductor, tin(II) thiocyanate [Sn(SCN)$_2$] as an ultrathin anode interlayer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Sub-10 nm layers of Sn(SCN)$_2$ with high smoothness and excellent transparency having an optical band gap of 3.9 eV were deposited from an alcohol-based solution at room temperature without post-deposition annealing. Inserting Sn(SCN)$_2$ as an anode interlayer in polymer:fullerene OPVs drastically reduces the recombination loss due to the exciton-blocking energy levels of Sn(SCN)$_2$. At the optimum thickness of 7 nm, an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.6% and a maximum of 8.1% were obtained. The simple processability using common solvents gives Sn(SCN)$_2$ a distinct advantage over the more well-known copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN). The electronic and optical properties of Sn(SCN)$_2$ make it interesting for applications in large-area electronic devices.
description: Accepted version. Article has been revised based on peer review comments. Photoelectron spectroscopy result (Fig. 4) after ion etching has been removed as it was determined that the etching depth was not sufficient and replaced with data of two different thicknesses (50 and 90 nm) of the bulk-heterojunction layer. The discussion on band-bending of version 1 has been amended
The double signature of local cosmic-ray acceleration in star-forming regions
Creators: name: Padovani, Marco
name: Marcowith, Alexandre
name: Galli, Daniele
name: Hunt, Leslie K.
name: Fontani, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the study of the generation of low-energy cosmic rays (CRs; < 1 TeV) in shocks situated on the surface of a protostar or along protostellar jets. These locally accelerated CRs offer an attractive explanation for the high levels of non-thermal emission and ionisation rate, $ζ$, observed close to these sources. The high $ζ$ observed in some protostellar sources is generally attributed to shock-generated UV photons. The aim of this article is to show that when synchrotron emission and a high $ζ$ are measured in the same spatial region, a locally shock-accelerated CR flux is sufficient to explain both phenomena. We assume that relativistic particles are accelerated according to the first-order Fermi acceleration mechanism and compute $ζ$ and the non-thermal emission at cm wavelengths. We then apply our model to the star-forming region OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4. Using a Bayesian analysis, we constrain the parameters of the model and estimate the spectral indices of the non-thermal radio emission. We demonstrate that the local CR acceleration model makes it possible to simultaneously explain the synchrotron emission along the HOPS 370 jet within the FIR 3 region and $ζ$ observed near the FIR 4 protocluster. Our model constrains the magnetic field strength (~250-450$~μ$G), its turbulent component (~20-40$~μ$G), and the jet velocity in the shock reference frame for the three non-thermal sources of the HOPS 370 jet (~350-1000 km s$^{-1}$). Beyond the modelling of the OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4 system, we show how the combination of continuum observations at cm wavelengths and molecular transitions is a powerful new tool for the analysis of star-forming regions: these two types of observations can be simultaneously interpreted by invoking only the presence of locally accelerated CRs, without having to resort to shock-generated UV photons.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A
Rotating stealth black holes with a cohomogeneity-1 metric
Creators: name: Baake, Olaf
name: Hassaine, Mokhtar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In five dimensions we consider a general shift symmetric and parity preserving scalar tensor action that contains up to second order covariant derivatives of the scalar field. A rotating stealth black hole solution is constructed where the metric is given by the Myers-Perry spacetime with equal momenta and the scalar field is identified with the Hamilton-Jacobi potential. This nontrivial scalar field has an extra hair associated with the rest mass of the test particle, and the solution does not require any fine tuning of the coupling functions of the theory. Interestingly enough, we show that the disformal transformation, generated by this scalar field, and with a constant degree of disformality, leaves invariant (up to diffeomorphisms) the Myers-Perry metric with equal momenta. This means that the hair of the scalar field, along with the constant disformality parameter, can be consistently absorbed into further redefinitions of the mass and of the single angular parameter of the disformed metric. These results are extended in higher odd dimensions with a Myers-Perry metric for which all the momenta are equal. The key of the invariance under disformal transformation of the metric is mainly the cohomogeneity-1 character of the Myers-Perry metric with equal momenta. Starting from this observation, we consider a general class of cohomogeneity-1 metrics in arbitrary dimension, and we list the conditions ensuring that this class of metrics remain invariant (up to diffeomorphisms) under a disformal transformation with a constant degree of disformality and with a scalar field with constant kinetic term. The extension to the Kerr-(A)dS case is also considered where it is shown that rotating stealth solutions may exist provided some fine tuning of the coupling functions of the scalar tensor theory.
description: 19 pages (added new references)
Exploring the design space for nonlinear buckling of composite thin-walled lenticular tubes under pure bending
Creators: name: Jia, Qilong
name: An, Ning
name: Ma, Xiaofei
name: Zhou, Jinxiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an automatic finite element simulation scheme accounting for high geometric nonlinearity and the difference between linear and nonlinear buckling of composite thin-walled lenticular tubes (CTLTs). Parameterizing of cross-section shapes and generation of design space for CTLTs with both circular and parabolic arcs were accomplished, and several key factors were identified, in particular the contrary effect of lumbus length and parabolic coefficient on the bending stiffness anisotropy. The first quantitative comparison of triangular rollable and collapsible (TRAC) booms and CTLTs is given in terms of bending performance in two directions, showing that the optimal CTLT carefully selected from the design space demonstrates a comparable or even better performance than the TRAC boom. This is of great importance from both academic and engineering perspectives. Our efforts enhance the understanding of nonlinear buckling and post-buckling behavior of CTLTs, and provide guidelines for future design of CTLTs with desirable performance.
Definitive AI: Why a new path in AI is necessary
Creators: name: Billions, Ava
name: Knight, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Machine learning
subject: Machine Learning

description: Abstract

The contemporary artificial intelligence landscape is largely characterized by the remarkable success of Predictive AI models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), which excel at pattern recognition and generation based on vast datasets. However, their inherent probabilistic nature leads to significant limitations, including the potential for factual inaccuracies ('hallucinations') and a consequent trust deficit, especially in critical applications demanding verifiable correctness. This paper introduces and advocates for "Definitive AI" as a crucial, complementary paradigm shift. Definitive AI focuses on generating or representing knowledge that is factually correct, verifiably correct, and deterministic, thereby eliminating probabilistic variance in core factual outputs. We explore the foundational principles of Definitive AI, contrasting it with Predictive AI, and delve into the necessity of correspondingly definitive training data, examining the SLTF (Single-Line Training FACT) framework as a potential exemplar. Furthermore, we discuss the implications for trustworthy AI systems, such as NM-SRN AGI models built on "Safer by Design" principles. This paper argues for the imperative need to develop and integrate Definitive AI to foster a future where AI systems are not only powerful but also demonstrably reliable, accurate, and trustworthy partners in knowledge discovery and critical decision-making.
Noise-guided evolution within cyclical interactions
Creators: name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Szolnoki, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a stochastic predator-prey model on a square lattice, where each of the six species has two superior and two inferior partners. The invasion probabilities between species depend on the predator-prey pair and are supplemented by Gaussian noise. Conditions are identified that warrant the largest impact of noise on the evolutionary process, and the results of Monte Carlo simulations are qualitatively reproduced by a four-point cluster dynamical mean-field approximation. The observed noise-guided evolution is deeply routed in short-range spatial correlations, which is supported by simulations on other host lattice topologies. Our findings are conceptually related to the coherence resonance phenomenon in dynamical systems via the mechanism of threshold duality. We also show that the introduced concept of noise-guided evolution via the exploitation of threshold duality is not limited to predator-prey cyclical interactions, but may apply to models of evolutionary game theory as well, thus indicating its applicability in several different fields of research.
description: to be published in New J. Phys
Statistical Properties of Many Particle Eigenfunctions
Creators: name: Heller, Eric J.
name: Landry, Brian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wavefunction correlations and density matrices for few or many particles are derived from the properties of semiclassical energy Green functions. Universal features of fixed energy (microcanonical) random wavefunction correlation functions appear which reflect the emergence of the canonical ensemble as the number of particles approaches infinity. This arises through a little known asymptotic limit of Bessel functions. Constraints due to symmetries, boundaries, and collisions between particles can be included.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Observational Constraints on the Pulsar Wind Model: The Cases of Crab and Vela
Creators: name: Coelho, Jaziel G.
name: de Araujo, José C. N.
name: Ladislau, Samantha M.
name: Nunes, Rafael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, pulsars are extremely stable rotators. However, although slowly, they spin down thanks to brake mechanisms, which are in fact still subject of intense investigation in the literature. Since pulsars are usually modelled as highly magnetized neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation out of their magnetic poles, it is reasonable to consider that the spindown has to do with a magnetic brake. Although an interesting and simple idea, a pure magnetic brake is not able to adequately account for the spindown rate. Thus, many alternative spindown mechanisms appear in the literature, among them the pulsar wind model, where a wind of particles coming from the pulsar itself can carry part of its rotational kinetic energy. Such a spindown mechanism depends critically on three parameters, namely, the dipole magnetic field $B$, the angle between the magnetic and rotation axes $(ϕ)$, and the density of primary particles $(ζ)$ of the pulsar's magnetosphere. Differently from a series of articles in this subject, we consider for the first time in the literature a statistical modelling which includes a combination of a dipole magnetic and wind brakes. As a result, we are able to constrain the above referred parameters in particular for Crab and Vela pulsars.
description: 6 Pages, 6 Figures, 1 Table. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
Resolving Disks & Mergers in $z\sim2$ Heavily Reddened Quasars and their Companion Galaxies with ALMA
Creators: name: Banerji, Manda
name: Jones, Gareth C.
name: Carniani, Stefano
name: DeGraf, Colin
name: Wagg, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present sub-arcsecond resolution ALMA imaging of the CO(3-2) emission in two $z\sim2.5$ heavily reddened quasars (HRQs) - ULASJ1234+0907 and ULASJ2315+0143 - and their companion galaxies. Dynamical modeling of the resolved velocity fields enables us to constrain the molecular gas morphologies and host galaxy masses. Combining the new data with extensive multi-wavelength observations, we are able to study the relative kinematics of different molecular emission lines, the molecular gas fractions and the locations of the quasars on the M$_{\rm{BH}}$-M$_{\rm{gal}}$ relation. Despite having similar black-hole properties, the two HRQs display markedly different host galaxy properties and local environments. J1234 has a very massive host, M$_{\rm{dyn}} \sim 5 \times 10^{11}$M$_\odot$ and two companion galaxies that are similarly massive located within 200 kpc of the quasar. The molecular gas fraction is low ($\sim$6%). The significant ongoing star formation in the host galaxy is entirely obscured at rest-frame UV and optical wavelengths. J2315 is resolved into a close-separation major-merger ($Δ$r=15 kpc; $Δ$v=170 km/s) with a $\sim$1:2 mass ratio. The total dynamical mass is estimated to be $\lesssim$10$^{11}$M$_\odot$ and the molecular gas fraction is high ($>$45%). A new HSC image of the galaxy shows unobscured UV-luminous star-forming regions co-incident with the extended reservoir of cold molecular gas in the merger. We use the outputs from the Illustris simulations to track the growth of such massive black holes from $z\sim6$ to the present day. While J1234 is consistent with the simulated $z\sim2$ relation, J2315 has a black hole that is over-massive relative to its host galaxy.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Role of Neurotoxicants on Brain Development Process: Cognitive and Memory Impairment.
Creators: name: Tripathi, Dinesh
name: Tiwari, Sunita
name: Chetna Mishra
name: Vaibhav Mishra
name: Singh, Seema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Contribution to KGMU Journal of Physiology 2020
title: Investigating laser control over crystal nucleation
Creators: name: Kinney, Nina L.H.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation, NPLIN, crystal formation, laser generated bubbles, nano-bubbles, femtosecond, nanosecond, KCl, glycine, lysozyme.

description: The aim of this project was to investigate the incidence of femtosecond laser-induced crystal nucleation in various compounds, setting the results in context. The search for greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) and better control over nucleation processes are highly sought after. The following work details the study of laser-induced crystal nucleation in solutions of potassium chloride, glycine and lysozyme to date. Through a comprehensive critical review of the relevant literature, supplemented by an experimental investigation of NPLIN in KCl solutions, the strength of evidence for possible mechanisms underlying this enigmatic phenomenon will be evaluated. From an overview of the relevant literature, it is clear that evidence for opposing theories of nucleation is developing in parallel, indicating that the existence of multiple mechanisms is likely. The nature of these mechanisms, and factors governing the prevailing mechanism for a given system, leaves much to be explored. This report will contrast observations, in order to shed some light on opposing theories and to identify inconsistencies, where further study is needed. Experimentally, it was found that femtosecond laser irradiation could successfully induce crystallisation in KCl/D$_{2}$O solutions. The likelihood of NPLIN occurring was found to depend on the saturation value, as expected, and also the laser power. Higher laser powers (with approximately 0.8 W -- 1 W reaching the sample droplet) were found to consistently produce vapour bubbles in heavy water solutions, despite low absorption due to molecular vibrations. The observation of laser-induced bubble formation could be considered an indication that the NPLIN demonstrated resulted from nano- or micro-bubble formation and collapse, as oppose to laser trapping. All this aims to establish a concrete starting point for the CONTROL project, which seeks to build greater understanding of laser-induced nucleation, with particular emphasis on the consideration of laser-induced liquid-liquid phase separation as a possible precursor to crystal nucleation.
Impact Assessment Report V1
Creators: name: Passani, Antonella
name: Annelli Janssen
name: Lisio, Giulia Di
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Impact assessment
impact of CS projects
social impact
economic impact
scientific impact
environmental impac
policy impact
transformative potential of CS projects

description: This document reports the results of the intermediate impact assessment of the ACTION project. It focuses on the results achieved by the ACTION pilots in the first half of the project. Following the ACTION impact assessment methodology, the main areas of impact considered are: scientific, social, economic, political and environmental. The transformative potential of the pilots is also considered together with their potential contribution to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report describes the impact analysis of nine pilots at aggregated level firs and then one by one. Averall ACTIOn and its pilot reported many and interesting results and the perspective in terms of impact are positive. The areas of impact that score highest are the scientific and the social ones and promising results are observable also in terms of political impact.
title: Fine structures of solar radio bursts: origins and radio-wave propagation effects
Creators: name: Chrysaphi, Nicolina
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar physics, solar radio bursts, radio-wave propagation simulations, radio-wave scattering, coronal mass ejection shocks, imaging spectroscopy, LOFAR.

description: Solar eruptive events are associated with radio emissions that appear as impulsive increases in intensity, known as solar radio bursts. Turbulence in the solar corona impacts the propagation of radio waves, obscuring the intrinsic emission properties. Here, anisotropic scattering on small-scale density fluctuations is investigated using novel 3D radio-wave propagation simulations. Several observed radio properties are simultaneously reproduced for the first time, verifying the necessity to consider anisotropic scattering. The sub-second evolution of fine radio burst properties at a single frequency is also investigated, enabled by conducting observations that utilise the unprecedented imaging capabilities of the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). The fundamental and harmonic sources of a Type IIIb burst are quantitatively compared, demonstrating that harmonic emissions arise from an intrinsic source with a finite size and finite emission duration. Drift-pair burst observations are successfully described by the radio echo hypothesis. It is shown that the radio echo, which produces the second Drift-pair component, is detected only when the anisotropy is strong. A dependence of the observed properties on the source's intrinsic location and on the assumed emission-to-plasma frequency ratio is inferred. Moreover, the subbands of a split-band Type II burst are simultaneously imaged for the first time. Despite the large separations observed between subband sources, it is shown that once scattering is quantitatively accounted for, the sources become co-spatial. Corrections on the observed source locations also allude to lower coronal densities. Additionally, the first observation of a Type II burst that transitions between a stationary and drifting state—termed as a transitioning Type II burst—is reported. The radio emissions are related to a jet eruption that drives a streamer-puff CME. Overall, state-of-the-art simulations and radio observations are combined and compared. The importance of accounting for radio-wave propagation effects—primarily anisotropic scattering—and the consequence of neglecting to do so on any subsequent interpretations is illustrated.
Edge computing for 5G networks - white paper
Creators: name: Artuñedo Guillen, David
name: Sayadi, Bessem
name: Bisson, Pascal
name: Wary, Jean Phillippe
name: Lonsethagen, Håkon
name: Antón, Carles
name: de la Oliva, Antonio
name: Kaloxylos, Alexandros
name: Frascolla, Valerio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The 5G PPP Initiative and the 5GIA are happy to present a new white paper entitled “Edge Computing for 5G Networks”. This white paper provides a) a brief introduction to the Edge computing concept, b) an exhaustive technology review focusing on virtualisation, orchestration, network control, and operational frameworks, c) a discussion about the role of security, and d) an analysis of several business aspects around the Edge ecosystem. Moreover, the white paper provides an in-depth analysis of Edge solutions that have been selected, deployed and validated by 17 different EU funded 5G PPP projects. 
Final Guidelines for Task Design
Creators: name: Reeves, Neal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Citizen science
task design
guidelines,
interview
statistical analysis

description: This deliverable presents final guidelines on task design, building on earlier deliverable 5.1. We present high level recommendations from citizen science and scientific crowdsourcing administrators. We also present research conducted by the ACTION consortium on the topic of task design.