cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The influence of interscholastic athletic participation on delinquency
Creators: name: Gies, Stephen V.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: A premise of contemporary crime prevention programs such as youth athletic leagues and midnight basketball projects is that athletic participation reduces crime. Athletic participation may reduce crime either by way of the socializing effects of participation or by way of the tendency of athletics to channel the time and energy of young adults from crime to more benign and even healthy activities and thus divert potential delinquents from engaging in criminal activity. In this paper, I examine the relationship between athletic participation and the delinquency of young adults by using panel data of over 20,000 high school students from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS). The NELS data permits separate estimates of factors that predict participation in various high school sports programs from estimates of the effect of that participation on delinquency. Specifically, I use an instrumental variable approach to disentangle the self-selection effect from the subsequent effect of athletic participation on delinquency. Moreover, I focus on the effects of particular sports---football, basketball, baseball, swimming, diving, etc. I also transform the standardized regression coefficients into elasticities in order to make comparisons within and across regressions easier. Finally, I address the central policy implications of the findings.
On perturbative aspects of a nonminimal Lorentz-violating QED with CPT-even dimension-5 terms
Creators: name: Mariz, T.
name: Melo, M.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explicitly calculate the lower CPT-even one-loop quantum corrections in nonminimal Lorentz-violating spinor QED with all possible CPT-even dimension-5 operators. Within our calculations, we restrict ourselves to the cases when these parameters are completely expressed in terms of one constant vector.
description: 12 pages, version accepted to EPJ C
The influence of interscholastic athletic participation on delinquency
Creators: name: Gies, Stephen V.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A premise of contemporary crime prevention programs such as youth athletic leagues and midnight basketball projects is that athletic participation reduces crime. Athletic participation may reduce crime either by way of the socializing effects of participation or by way of the tendency of athletics to channel the time and energy of young adults from crime to more benign and even healthy activities and thus divert potential delinquents from engaging in criminal activity. In this paper, I examine the relationship between athletic participation and the delinquency of young adults by using panel data of over 20,000 high school students from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS). The NELS data permits separate estimates of factors that predict participation in various high school sports programs from estimates of the effect of that participation on delinquency. Specifically, I use an instrumental variable approach to disentangle the self-selection effect from the subsequent effect of athletic participation on delinquency. Moreover, I focus on the effects of particular sports---football, basketball, baseball, swimming, diving, etc. I also transform the standardized regression coefficients into elasticities in order to make comparisons within and across regressions easier. Finally, I address the central policy implications of the findings.
Wind structure and its impact on hail production: A VORTEX '95 study using airborne Doppler radar
Creators: name: Hence, Deanna
name: Lee, Wen-chau
name: Miller, L.
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 April 1995 data collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research airborne Electra Doppler Radar during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment was used to resolve the kinematic structure of the storm, which was used to perform a hail trajectory analysis. Hailstone embryos introduced into the right flank of the storm followed the cyclonic branch of the horizontal flow which was found to favor the largest hail growth. A placement of the axis of maximum vertical vorticity upstream of the updraft both directs particles into the updraft, and redirects particles into the updraft after initial descent. This configuration was found to allow for two passes over the updraft or recirculation, as described in past studies. These findings agree with the current understanding of hail growth within thunderstorms. It was found in this study that the placement of a deep, relatively weak updraft around the maximum cloud liquid water content level played a key role in supporting large hail growth in both size and quantity, as well as concentrating the hail fallout into a small area. A stronger maximum updraft that lifted the particles above the level of maximum liquid water content was found to provide a smaller concentration of large hail growth, as well as spreading the particle fallout over a larger area due to stronger advection in the midlevels of the storm. These findings seem at odds with the notion that the strength of the updraft alone determines final hail sizes.
Reading a Target Zone in KeynesŠs Indian Currency and Finance
Creators: name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: target zone
subject: Indian currency question
subject: gold exchange standard

description: The gold-exchange standard in India 1893–1913 was characterized by a narrow target zone for the exchange rate, a wide annual range for the international interest-rate differential, and negative (seasonal) autocorrelation in interest rates. These properties are consistent with a standard target-zone model in which fundamentals are negatively autocorrelated on a Markov chain.
The use of climate information in air quality management in the Denver metropolitan area
Creators: name: Mann, Clarence
name: Moser, Suzanne
name: Dilling, Lisa
name: Morss, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004
Subjects: Climate change
Anthropogenic
Fossil fuels
Ozone
Heat-trapping gases

Climate change and air quality are two intimately linked environmental problems. An increasing amount of heat-trapping gases have been emitted into the atmosphere because of anthropogenic activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Some of the emitted gases both cause the atmosphere to warm and are precursors of one of the main pollutants, ozone (O₃). In the Denver metropolitan area, O₃ is a major contributor to the city’s air quality problems. Given the close link between the growing threats from climate warming and Denver’s air quality problems, this research examined the degree to which Denver regional managers view climate change as a threat to air quality. In addition, this research examined how Denver area planners and decision-makers integrate climate information into their management of air quality. The primary method used in this research was semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with key informants in the Denver area. Interviews were used to solicit information about air quality management, involved institutions, and the use of weather and climate change information in that process. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed for qualitative analysis. The interviews showed that climate information currently plays a small role in Denver air quality management. However, this research revealed both the uses of past climate and real-time weather information for long-term and short-term planning. This research also discovered the institutional responsibilities dispersed across local, regional, state, and federal levels for air quality management. Information needs identified by interviewees offer several entry points for climate change information in the future.
Minimal Kinematics: An All $k$ and $n$ Peek into ${\rm Trop}^+{\rm G}(k,n)$
Creators: name: Cachazo, Freddy
name: Early, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we present a formula for the Cachazo-Early-Guevara-Mizera (CEGM) generalized biadjoint amplitudes for all $k$ and $n$ on what we call the minimal kinematics. We prove that on the minimal kinematics, the scattering equations on the configuration space of $n$ points on $\mathbb{CP}^{k-1}$ has a unique solution, and that this solution is in the image of a Veronese embedding. The minimal kinematics is an all $k$ generalization of the one recently introduced by Early for $k=2$ and uses a choice of cyclic ordering. We conjecture an explicit formula for $m_n^{(k)}(\mathbb{I},\mathbb{I})$ which we have checked analytically through $n=10$ for all $k$. The answer is a simple rational function which has only simple poles; the poles have the combinatorial structure of the circulant graph ${\rm C}_n^{(1,2,\dots, k-2)}$. Generalized biadjoint amplitudes can also be evaluated using the positive tropical Grassmannian ${\rm Tr}^+{\rm G}(k,n)$ in terms of generalized planar Feynman diagrams. We find perfect agreement between both definitions for all cases where the latter is known in the literature. In particular, this gives the first strong consistency check on the $90\,608$ planar arrays for ${\rm Tr}^+{\rm G}(4,8)$ recently computed by Cachazo, Guevara, Umbert and Zhang. We also introduce another class of special kinematics called planar-basis kinematics which generalizes the one introduced by Cachazo, He and Yuan for $k=2$ and uses the planar basis recently introduced by Early for all $k$. Based on numerical computations through $n=8$ for all $k$, we conjecture that on the planar-basis kinematics $m_n^{(k)}(\mathbb{I},\mathbb{I})$ evaluates to the multidimensional Catalan numbers, suggesting the possibility of novel combinatorial interpretations. For $k=2$ these are the standard Catalan numbers.
Consumption and Real Exchange Rates in Dynamic Economies with Non-Traded Goods
Creators: name: Backus, David K.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Backus, David K.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: consumption correlations
subject: purchasing power parity
subject: real exchange rates

description: We examine the possibility that nontraded goods may account for several striking features of international macroeconomic data: large, persistent deviations from purchasing power parity, small correlations of aggregate consumption fluctuations across countries, and substantial international real interest rate differentials. A dynamic, exchange economy is used to show that nontraded goods in principle can account for each of these phenomena. In the theory there is a close relation between fluctuations in consumption ratios and those in bilateral real exchange rates, but we find little evidence for this relation in time series data for eight OECD countries.
SMEs and HEIs: Observations from Brunei Darussalam and Germany
Creators: name: Heilmaier, J
name: Ling, Mayyer
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130199 Education systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper explores the role of higher education institutions in enhancing the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) ecosystem in Brunei Darussalam, particularly with regard to improving the spirit of entrepreneurship and the motivation to seek opportunities independently to propel the country’s transition economy forward. A qualitative methodology was adopted for data collection, using semi-structured interviews with Bruneian and German SME owner/managers and sales representatives. The economics perspective of the institutional framework was employed to identify the formal and informal constraints faced by SMEs in Brunei Darussalam. Recommendations are offered to inform the relevant stakeholders about the key issues faced by SMEs so that appropriate forms of guidance and benchmarking can be provided to facilitate the country’s economic development.
Buzdin, Shapiro and Chimera Steps in $φ_0$ Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Shukrinov, Yu. M.
name: Kovalenko, E.
name: Tekic, J.
name: Kulikov, K.
name: Nashaat, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unique resonance and locking phenomena in the superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor $φ_0$ Josephson junction under external electromagnetic radiation are demonstrated when not just the electric but also the magnetic component of external radiation is taken into account. Due to the coupling of superconductivity and magnetism in this system, the magnetic moment precession of the ferromagnetic layer caused by the magnetic component of external radiation can lock the Josephson oscillations, which results in the appearance of a particular type of steps in the current-voltage characteristics, completely different from the well-known Shapiro steps. We call these steps the Buzdin steps in the case when the system is driven only by the magnetic component and the Chimera steps in the case when both magnetic and electric components are present. Unlike the Shapiro steps where the magnetization remains constant along the step, here it changes though the system is locked. The spin-orbit coupling substantially contributes to the amplitude, i.e., the size of these steps. Dramatic changes in their amplitudes are also observed at frequencies near the ferromagnetic resonance. Combinations of the Josephson and Kittel ferromagnetic resonances together with different types of locking pronounced in dynamics and current-voltage characteristics make the physics of this system very interesting and open up a series of new applications.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Real Business Cycle Realizations
Creators: name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Zin, Stanley E.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Zin, Stanley E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: real business cycles
subject: Solow residuals
subject: US business cycle history

description: Much recent business cycle research focuses on moments of macroeconomic aggregates. We construct examples of real business cycle sample paths for output, consumption, and employment for the U.S. economy. Annual sample paths are generated from an initial condition in 1925, measured technology and government spending shocks since then, and a standard, calibrated, one-sector model of the business cycle. Quarterly sample paths are generated similarly, from an initial condition in 1955. The law of motion for shocks is not parametrized and so decision-rules are estimated by GMM. We compare the paths with actual history graphically and by spectral methods.
Epimelissodes (Epimelissodes) helianthelli
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Epimelissodes (Epimelissodes) helianthelli (Cockerell, 1905)
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ Mesilla, Doña Ana Co., New Mexico, USA; 26 Jun]
This species is distributed in the xeric regions of the southwestern USA and northern Mexico (LaBerge 1958). SEMC holds one specimen from the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland collected in April 1994 identified by R. Brooks (iDigBio 2023). Additionally, we reviewed one male collected in the Lower Colorado Desert in Mexicali in June 1939 (CASC). The MABC team collected one female in Mexicali in August 2018. See fig. 100.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
title: Testing extensions to the standard model of cosmology with the growth of structure
Creators: name: Stafford, S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2022

description: The past century has seen cosmologists piece together a working theory for the origin and evolution of structure in the Universe which has been hugely successful at describing a wide range of observations. This theoretical paradigm is called the LCDM model, which describes the two main constituents of our Universe: L, representing dark energy which drives the late-time accelerated expansion of space and CDM, representing cold dark matter, the main matter constituent of our Universe. Despite this, this thesis lays out some of the current tensions which have arisen with the current concordance model of cosmology and uses these to motivate exploring extensions to LCDM. The thesis is comprised of three main parts; in the first part I explore one of the predictions of inflation, which is a non-zero running of the scalar spectral index -- usually set to be zero in the LCDM model -- and its effects on the formation and evolution of large-scale structure. In particular I examine its effects on the abundance (through the halo mass function), distribution (through the two point auto-correlation function) and internal properties (through total matter density profiles) of dark matter haloes, finding effects of the order 10% in all of these quantities when comparing to a LCDM simulation. I also show that these effects due to cosmology are separable from the effects present due to galaxy formation physics to typically better than 1% accuracy. In the second part of this thesis, I focus on the effects warm dark matter, self-interacting dark matter and a running scalar spectral index have on galaxy scales, with particular focus on Milky Way mass haloes. In this part of the thesis I explore the degeneracies present between the effects of these different cosmological models on the abundance and distribution of substructure, as well as the distribution of matter inside host haloes in dark matter-only simulation. In general these models all show strong degeneracies in their effects, but in detail differences can be discerned. This part of the thesis also illustrates the degeneracy between the effects from baryons and galaxy formation physics and cosmological effects. In the third and final part of this thesis I explore whether future stage-IV weak lensing surveys will be able to place independent and competitive constraints on the parameters associated with the aforementioned extensions M_WDM, σ/m, α_s). This is done using the non-linear matter power spectrum extracted from dark matter-only simulations to compute the cosmic shear power spectrum. I then compute a realistic set of error bars associated with the cosmic shear power spectrum which are representative of future upcoming surveys, taking into account the expected sky coverage, number density of source galaxies, and associated shape noise. I find that weak lensing should be able to place useful, independent, constraints on each of these cosmological parameters, supporting current observational efforts in doing so.
Business Cycle Theory and Econometrics
Creators: name: Gregory, Allan W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Gregory, Allan W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: business cycles
subject: time-series econometrics

description: We outline in turn criticisms made by econometricians of the methods used in empirical business-cycle research and then criticisms made by business-cycle researchers of some methods used by econometricians. The aim is to clarify and in some cases correct these criticisms. Overall there is no conflict in using rigourous statistical procedures to study modern dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. We also provide a concise bibliography of recent research on statistical methods for business-cycle models.
Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticle size distribution using the Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer (RDMA)
Creators: name: Mattis, Damian
name: Smith, James
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

Atmospheric nanoparticles, defined as having a spherical equivalent diameter smaller than 50 nanometers (nm), have become a major interest to atmospheric scientists. It is believed that these particles form an integral part of important atmospheric processes such as cloud formation, precipitation and chemistry. Our goal, therefore, was to gain a greater understanding of their formation and fate using a radial differential mobility analyzer (RDMA), a novel instrument compared to established instrumentation used for this purpose. To achieve this task, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was assembled with an aerosol charger, an RDMA, a condensation nucleus counter (CNC), a blower system, a power supply box, and a computer-based data acquisition system as its components. It was then deployed as NCAR's Marshall Field Site, a rural location 5 miles southeast of Boulder, Colorado. Size distributions were compared to a SMPS system with a TSI nano-DMA also deployed at the site to evaluate its performance. Intercomparison of these two systems showed a close correspondence in the measured sizes of aerosols, however the RDMA-based SMPS concentrations were found to be 11 times greater than that of the nano-DMA SMPS. Continuous monitoring of size distributions in the diameter range 6-170mm was performed during the period 30 July-1 August, 2004. These measurements were then compared to locally measured sulfur dioxide (S0â) concentrations and meteorological parameters. Results from these measurements show close correlations between nanoparticle concentrations, SOâ, and wind velocity.
Additional file 1 of On rare variants in principal component analysis of population stratification
Creators: name: Shengqing Ma
name: Shi, Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Text S1. Proof of eq. (4). Text S2. Proofs of eqs. (5–10). Text S3. FPC as a function of allele frequencies. Text S4. Proofs of rare variants on the eigenvalues. Text S5. Proof of eq. (15). Table S1. Theoretical and empirical values of the inter-population covariance of EGRM (0.4
Physician demographics and decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Creators: name: Hill, Lauren Diane
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care, but little is known about physicians' practices regarding Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study investigated aspects of gynecologists' decision making regarding the diagnosis and treatment of MDD and PMDD using written questionnaires and descriptive scenarios as analogues to clinical cases. Demographic variables, attitudes toward MDD and PMDD, beliefs about antidepressant medications, diagnostic probability judgments, decision maker confidence, diagnostic reasoning strategies, use of prior probability data, and self-reported treatment patterns were examined. Differences between MDD and PMDD in reasoning and judgment were also investigated. Signal Detection Theory, Bayes's Theorem and Expected Utility Theory were used to conceptualize key issues, formulate hypotheses and inform analyses. Postal questionnaires were mailed to 997 practicing gynecologists from across the United States. Questionnaire recipients were randomly assigned to one of eight analogous versions of a questionnaire that contained multiple sections. Approximately 36% (N = 335) of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Respondents indicated more responsibility for and confidence in their ability to treat PMDD than MDD. Younger physicians, female physicians and those who self-identified as primary care providers more strongly endorsed certain attitudes that may be associated with a greater tendency to diagnose and treat MDD in practice. Personal experience with PMDD had a significant impact on attitudes. Significant differences between MDD and PMDD in self-reported treatment decisions were found. Pessimism about antidepressants did not appear to impact treatment decisions. Diagnostic probability judgments were significantly more accurate for PMDD than MDD, but respondents were significantly more confident about probability judgments of MDD than PMDD case scenarios. For MDD, less accurate respondents placed comparatively more importance on somatic complaints, and were less likely to prioritize case data according to DSM-IV criteria. In contrast, both more and less accurate respondents appeared to make use of similar, and fairly valid, reasoning strategies regarding PMDD. Respondents did not make meaningful use of prior probability data when it was made available to them. Certain clinician variables appear to constitute biasing factors in decision making, and may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of MDD, but not PMDD in gynecologic practice.
Improving an automated aerosol optical depth algorithm
Creators: name: Medina, Carlos
name: Augustine, John
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

Over the past decade, a network of Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (MFRSRs) has been monitoring aerosol properties across the nation. Data collected by the MFRSRs could improve climate models, characterize weather events, and correct and validate satellite signals. Before this can happen, the raw data must be processed into useful information, call the aerosol optical depth (AOD). An innovative automated method of computing aerosol optical depth was developed and explained in Augustine and Medina (2003). This method has been further refined in order to increase the accuracy and volume of information retrieved from MFRSR readings. The algorithm was expanded to include five more channels of the MFRSR, from just the previous 500 nm channel. More additions to AOD algorithm include accounting for the variability in the ozone and its affect on AOD and removing data contaminated by clouds. The calibration method was improved, which in turn, improved the error estimation. These changes resulted in superior discrimination of aerosol signals from ozone absorption, molecular scattering, and cloud contamination. These modifications improved the automatic data processing procedures, which result in more accurate and faster AOD data than by the previous hand calculation. The final product is the new aerosol optical depth data. It may be useful in satellite calibration and validation, climate modeling, and climatologic studies.
Theory and data analysis of player and team ball possession time in football
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Ken
name: Uezu, Seiya
name: Kagawa, Keiichiro
name: Yamazaki, Yoshihiro
name: Narizuka, Takuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, the stochastic properties of player and team ball possession times in professional football matches are examined. Data analysis shows that player possession time follows a gamma distribution and the player count of a team possession event follows a mixture of two geometric distributions. We propose a formula for expressing team possession time in terms of player possession time and player count in a team's possession, verifying its validity through data analysis. Furthermore, we calculate an approximate form of the distribution of team possession time, and study its asymptotic property.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Exact WKB analysis and TBA equations for the Mathieu equation
Creators: name: Imaizumi, Keita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations for the exact WKB periods of the Mathieu equation in the weak coupling region. We will use the TBA equations to calculate the quantum corrections to the WKB periods, which are regarded the quantum periods of $\mathcal{N} = 2$ $SU(2)$ super Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. We calculate the effective central charge of the TBA equations, which is found to be proportional to the coefficient of the one-loop beta function of the 4d theory. We also study the spectral problem for the Mathieu equation based on the TBA equations numerically.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
An improved technique for understanding damage from floods
Creators: name: Noble, Erik
name: Pielke, Roger
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

Floods cause billions of dollars worth of annual losses to physical property, crops, and public infrastructure. Annual flood losses, which have increased from 1929 to 2003, average approximately 6.5 billion U.S. dollars. A common assumption is that increasing flood damage over time is caused by increasing intensity and frequency of floods. Contrary to this assumption, research indicates that increasing flood damage is the result of a complex interplay between weather and the growing vulnerability of society to flood damage. Growing vulnerability, and thus growing damage, results from increasing population and wealth in locations exposed to flood impacts. To the extent that policy makers have misperceptions about the causes of growth in flood damage, decisions might be implemented based on incorrect information, leading to inefficient or ineffective flood policies. To better understand the increase in flood damage, I developed and refined a technique to normalize U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) unadjusted yearly flood damage estimates from 1929 to 2003. "Normalization" refers to an approximation of how much damage a flood event from the past would cause under today's societal conditions. I adjusted the data to reflect not only inflation, but also changes in population change and wealth to arrive at an estimate of what damage floods of the past might cause under today's levels of development and floodplain occupancy. I observed that increased population and wealth convincingly influence the increase of flood damage from 1929 to 2003. Flood related damage is, to some degree, the result of human choice.
Versatile Atomic Magnetometry Assisted by Bayesian Inference
Creators: name: Puebla, R.
name: Ban, Y.
name: Haase, J. F.
name: Plenio, M. B.
name: Paternostro, M.
name: Casanova, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensors typically translate external fields into a periodic response whose frequency is then determined by analyses performed in Fourier space. This allows for a linear inference of the parameters that characterize external signals. In practice, however, quantum sensors are able to detect fields only in a narrow range of amplitudes and frequencies. A departure from this range, as well as the presence of significant noise sources and short detection times, lead to a loss of the linear relationship between the response of the sensor and the target field, thus limiting the working regime of the sensor. Here we address these challenges by means of a Bayesian inference approach that is tolerant to strong deviations from desired periodic responses of the sensor and is able to provide reliable estimates even with a very limited number of measurements. We demonstrate our method for an $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ trapped-ion quantum sensor but stress the general applicability of this approach to different systems.
description: 6+15 pages, 3+11 figures. Close to published version; comments welcome
Physician demographics and decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Creators: name: Hill, Lauren Diane
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care, but little is known about physicians' practices regarding Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study investigated aspects of gynecologists' decision making regarding the diagnosis and treatment of MDD and PMDD using written questionnaires and descriptive scenarios as analogues to clinical cases. Demographic variables, attitudes toward MDD and PMDD, beliefs about antidepressant medications, diagnostic probability judgments, decision maker confidence, diagnostic reasoning strategies, use of prior probability data, and self-reported treatment patterns were examined. Differences between MDD and PMDD in reasoning and judgment were also investigated. Signal Detection Theory, Bayes's Theorem and Expected Utility Theory were used to conceptualize key issues, formulate hypotheses and inform analyses. Postal questionnaires were mailed to 997 practicing gynecologists from across the United States. Questionnaire recipients were randomly assigned to one of eight analogous versions of a questionnaire that contained multiple sections. Approximately 36% (N = 335) of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Respondents indicated more responsibility for and confidence in their ability to treat PMDD than MDD. Younger physicians, female physicians and those who self-identified as primary care providers more strongly endorsed certain attitudes that may be associated with a greater tendency to diagnose and treat MDD in practice. Personal experience with PMDD had a significant impact on attitudes. Significant differences between MDD and PMDD in self-reported treatment decisions were found. Pessimism about antidepressants did not appear to impact treatment decisions. Diagnostic probability judgments were significantly more accurate for PMDD than MDD, but respondents were significantly more confident about probability judgments of MDD than PMDD case scenarios. For MDD, less accurate respondents placed comparatively more importance on somatic complaints, and were less likely to prioritize case data according to DSM-IV criteria. In contrast, both more and less accurate respondents appeared to make use of similar, and fairly valid, reasoning strategies regarding PMDD. Respondents did not make meaningful use of prior probability data when it was made available to them. Certain clinician variables appear to constitute biasing factors in decision making, and may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of MDD, but not PMDD in gynecologic practice.
Greenback-Gold Returns and Expectations of Resumption, 1862-1879
Creators: name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Smith, R. Todd
name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Smith, R. Todd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: greenbacks
subject: gold standard
subject: regime switching

description: We propose a unified framework for studying the greenback-gold price during the U.S. suspension of convertibility from 1862 to 1879. The gold price is viewed as a floating exchange rate, with a fixed destination given by gold standard parity because of the prospect of resumption. We test this perspective using daily data for the entire period, and measure the effect of news during and after the Civil War. New evidence of a decline in the volatility of gold returns after the Resumption Act of 1875 provides statistical support for the importance of expectations of resumption.
Where the girls were: The geographies of lesbian experience in Washington, D.C. during the late 1960s and 1970s
Creators: name: Michels, Melinda Relayne
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies

description: This dissertation traces the geographies of lesbian experience in Washington, D.C. in the late 1960s and 1970s, an era of dramatic change in the lives of lesbians in the capital and across the country. In particular, I focus on the material and ideological expressions of local lesbian communities through examining tensions between public and private spaces as well as by exploring the production of safe and unsafe spaces. I tie these geographies to individual and collective action by analyzing how access to and experiences of space contributed to women's ability to construct and contest lesbian geographies. I argue that lesbians were able to create safe space in the District through two mechanisms. Women could create claims to privacy that allowed them to express lesbian desire and identity shielded from unwanted surveillance. Women also could contest the heterosexual and patriarchal nature of public space. Through using both of these methods, women were able to carve relatively safe lesbian geographies out of an otherwise repressive landscape. However, women's ability and access to resources to engage in these processes of constructing safe spaces were unevenly distributed. Accordingly, this study also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of recent history in the nation's capital by exploring how sexuality and gender articulated with race, class, and other factors in the development of urban lesbian geographies.
Where the girls were: The geographies of lesbian experience in Washington, D.C. during the late 1960s and 1970s
Creators: name: Michels, Melinda Relayne
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation traces the geographies of lesbian experience in Washington, D.C. in the late 1960s and 1970s, an era of dramatic change in the lives of lesbians in the capital and across the country. In particular, I focus on the material and ideological expressions of local lesbian communities through examining tensions between public and private spaces as well as by exploring the production of safe and unsafe spaces. I tie these geographies to individual and collective action by analyzing how access to and experiences of space contributed to women's ability to construct and contest lesbian geographies. I argue that lesbians were able to create safe space in the District through two mechanisms. Women could create claims to privacy that allowed them to express lesbian desire and identity shielded from unwanted surveillance. Women also could contest the heterosexual and patriarchal nature of public space. Through using both of these methods, women were able to carve relatively safe lesbian geographies out of an otherwise repressive landscape. However, women's ability and access to resources to engage in these processes of constructing safe spaces were unevenly distributed. Accordingly, this study also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of recent history in the nation's capital by exploring how sexuality and gender articulated with race, class, and other factors in the development of urban lesbian geographies.
Deformation of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra and the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}\left( {1|2} \right)$: exact solution for the quantum harmonic oscillator with a position-dependent mass
Creators: name: Jafarov, E. I.
name: Nagiyev, S. M.
name: Van der Jeugt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B81, 81Q37, 33C45 17B81

description: We propose a new deformation of the quantum harmonic oscillator Heisenberg-Weyl algebra with a parameter $a>-1$. This parameter is introduced through the replacement of the homogeneous mass $m_0$ in the definition of the momentum operator $\hat p_x$ as well as in the creation-annihilation operators $\hat a^\pm$ with a mass varying with position $x$. The realization of such a deformation is shown through the exact solution of the corresponding Schrödinger equation for the non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator within the canonical approach. The obtained analytical expression of the energy spectrum consists of an infinite number of equidistant levels, whereas the wavefunctions of the stationary states of the problem under construction are expressed through the Hermite polynomials. Then, the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra deformation is generalized to the case of the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}\left( {1|2} \right)$. It is shown that the realization of such a generalized superalgebra can be performed for the parabose quantum harmonic oscillator problem, the mass of which possesses a behavior completely overlapping with the position-dependent mass of the canonically deformed harmonic oscillator problem. This problem is solved exactly for both even and odd stationary states. It is shown that the energy spectrum of the deformed parabose oscillator is still equidistant, however, both even and odd state wavefunctions are now expressed through the Laguerre polynomials. Some basic limit relations recovering the canonical harmonic oscillator with constant mass are also discussed briefly.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in EPJ Plus on 10 February, 2025
Finite Naturalness and Quark-Lepton Unification
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Murgui, Clara
name: Patrone, Samuel
name: Testa, Adriano
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the implications of finite naturalness in Pati-Salam models where $SU(3)_C$ is embedded in $SU(4)$. For the minimal realization at low-scale of quark-lepton unification, which employs the inverse seesaw for neutrino masses, we find that radiative corrections to the Higgs boson mass are at least $δm_h^2 / m_h^2 \sim {\cal O}(10^4)$. The one-loop contributions to the Higgs mass are suppressed by four powers of the hypercharge gauge coupling. We find that for the vector leptoquarks the naively leading part of the two-loop corrections cancel. We assume the Dirac Yukawa couplings for neutrinos are equal to the up-type quark Yukawa couplings as predicted in the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification. Despite these findings, the two-loop corrections still dominate the finite naturalness bound. We mention a way to relax the lower bound on the vector leptoquark mass and have $δm_h^2 / m_h^2 \sim {\cal O}(10^2)$.
description: 7 pages, v2: several corrections, version to appear in Physical Review D
Mesoanalysis of bow echo environments during BAMEX
Creators: name: Reynolds, Amber
name: Dowell, David
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

One of the more significant forms of mesoscale convective organization is the bow echo. Although bow-shaped convective lines are relatively small in scale (20-120 km long), they can produce damaging straight-line winds over periods of several hours across swaths of several hundred kilometers. Bow echoes represent a challenge for operational forecasting and warning of severe weather. It is difficult to predict the severity of these systems, which often results in false severe weather warnings issued to the public. The environments of bow echoes sampled on June 10, June 24, June 25/26, and July 4/5, 2003 during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) were analyzed to determine differences associated with bow echoes that produce localized vs. widespread straight-line wind damage. Surface-based, Most Unstable, and Mixed Layer Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition (CIN) were computed from environmental soundings. Bulk wind shear was also calculated for surface to 3 km (low-level) and surface to 6 km (deep layer) intervals for the four cases. In addition, an analysis of bow echo maintenance was performed by comparing the velocity representing the strength of the cold pool versus ambient low-level wind shear. The results of this investigation indicated that the amount of CAPE and CIN can vary greatly in the environments preceding bow echoes. In addition, there was no significant difference in the amount of low-level or deep layer wind shear to contrast localized versus widespread straight-line wind damage cases. The results of this investigation will be useful to other scientists who are investigating different aspects of these four cases.
MODIS observations of desert, dust, forest fire smoke and anthropogenic aerosols
Creators: name: Rios, Andro
name: Massie, Steven
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2004

MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Radio Spectrometer) data were analyzed to determine if different aerosol types, i.e. desert dust, forest fire smoke, and human produced (anthropogenic) aerosols, can be identified using the angstrom coefficient. Aerosol optical depths, fine mode ratios, and angstrom coefficients over land and ocean were mapped and statistically evaluated for fourteen different MODIS five minute granules. The granules were chosen based on known aerosol types that were emitted in each location from Earth Observing System (EOS) images. MODIS data for eleven of the fourteen cases were consistent with previous AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) studies that established a correlation between the angstrom coefficient and aerosol type. Aerosols of the coarse fraction (desert dust) had angstrom coefficients from 0.0 to 0.5, and aerosols of the fine fraction (forest fire smoke and anthropogenic emissions) had angstrom coefficients from 1.0 to 1.5. Although the results for the eleven cases suggest that MODIS data can be used to identify the coarse fraction from the fine, ambiguity exists in differentiating forest fire smoke and anthropogenic aerosols.