cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transition region contribution to AIA observations in the context of coronal heating
Creators: name: Schonfeld, Samuel J.
name: Klimchuk, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relative contributions from the transition region and corona of coronal loops observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Using EBTEL (Enthalpy-Based Thermal Evolution of Loops) hydrodynamic simulations, we model loops with multiple lengths and energy fluxes heated randomly by events drawn from power-law distributions with different slopes and minimum delays between events to investigate how each of these parameters influences observable loop properties. We generate AIA intensities from the corona and transition region for each realization. The variations within and between models generated with these different parameters illustrate the sensitivity of narrowband imaging to the details of coronal heating. We then analyze the transition region and coronal emission from a number of observed active regions and find broad agreement with the trends in the models. In both models and observations, the transition region brightness is significant, often greater than the coronal brightness in all six "coronal" AIA channels. We also identify an inverse relationship, consistent with heating theories, between the slope of the differential emission measure (DEM) coolward of the peak temperature and the observed ratio of coronal to transition region intensity. These results highlight the use of narrowband observations and the importance of properly considering the transition region in investigations of coronal heating.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 16 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
title: Functional Electrolytes Designing and Studying for Lithium Metal and Non-Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Creators: name: Zhang, Liping
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Our current energy policy relies heavily on burning fossil fuels, raising serious concerns due to CO2-related global warming. Consequently, significant progress is being made in pursuing renewable and green energy sources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy. These renewable energies require rechargeable batteries as energy storage systems to compensate for their intermittent nature.
Over the decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominant power sources for portable electronic devices. Current LIBs rely on graphite anodes with a limited theoretical capacity (372 mAh g-1), which restricts their advanced applications. Li metal (Li0) anodes, with the highest theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g-1), are considered the "Holy Grail" for developing high-energy-density battery systems.
My research primarily focuses on lithium metal batteries (LMBs) and anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs). In LMBs, Li0 is directly used as the anode while in AFLMBs, the Li0 anode is replaced with a copper (Cu) foil which serves as the current collector to support Li0 plating/stripping. All the Li+ in AFLMBs comes from the lithiated cathode. The configuration of AFLMB has gained significant attention due to its potential for maximum energy and improved safety.
However, the high reactivity of Li0 poses significant challenges for developing practical LMBs and stable AFLMBs. Functional electrolyte design is considered a crucial strategy to promote their development via generating a stable and protective interphase on the Li0 surface. During my Ph.D. studies, two lithium additive-based electrolyte systems were designed and studied for LMBs and AFLMBs, respectively. Comprehensive studies of the physiochemical and electrochemical performances of the designed electrolytes and battery systems were conducted, revealing detailed electrode and electrolyte interphase chemistry through spectroscopy studies.
Beyond LMBs and AFLMBs, zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) offer a promising alternative energy storage system due to the advantages of the Zn metal anode, such as high volumetric capacity, intrinsic safety, and abundance. An advanced and novel non-aqueous Zn electrolyte was discovered for ZMBs. Systematic electrochemical tests were conducted to demonstrate its feasibility and stability. This work provides new insights and opportunities for the future development of high-performance non-aqueous ZMBs.
Utilization and management of red alder genetic resources in British Columbia
Creators: name: Hamann, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis genecology, phylogeography, and quantitative genetics of red alder were investigated. Further, literature with respect to red alder product values, market demand, forest resources, and red alder biology were reviewed. Implications of these aspects for genetic resources management were evaluated and a breeding strategy for red alder in British Columbia was developed. Genetic differentiation among provenances in British Columbia was investigated based on six polymorphic allozyme loci and measurements of six quantitative traits. Multivariate analysis revealed complex associations of quantitative traits with the latitude, distance to the coast, and elevation of the seed source. Nei's genetic distance revealed a strong differentiation among island and mainland provenances at one allozyme locus. This differentiation can be interpreted as a result of migration from two different refugia since the last glaciation. Adaptation of red alder provenances was investigated based on trials in multiple planting environments. Significant genotype x environment interactions were found at the population and family level. Provenances close to each planting site showed superior performance in growth and survival, suggesting adaptation of red alder to local environments. Seed transfer guidelines and seed procurement zones were developed under the assumption of local optimality using improved methodology based on risk associated with seed transfer.
On the stability of the infinite Projected Entangled Pair Operator ansatz for driven-dissipative 2D lattices
Creators: name: Kilda, Dainius
name: Biella, Alberto
name: Schiró, Marco
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Keeling, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the time-evolution of the driven-dissipative XYZ model using the infinite Projected Entangled Pair Operator (iPEPO) method, introduced by [A. Kshetrimayum, H. Weimer and R. Orús, Nat. Commun. 8, 1291 (2017)]. We explore the conditions under which this approach reaches a steady state. In particular, we study the conditions where apparently converged calculations may become unstable with increasing bond dimension of the tensor-network ansatz. We discuss how more reliable results could be obtained.
description: Submission to SciPost
On the Question of the Behavior of O-C Residuals of the Active Algol-Like Binary RZ Cassiopeiae
Creators: name: Golovin, Alex
name: Pavlenko, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the RZ Cassiopeia O-C diagram for a 30-year period, based on data published by the AAVSO. The new parabolic light-elements are determined and P-dot was estimated. This enabled us to establish the value of M-dot, the rate of the mass transfer between components of this eclipsing binary. Deviations from the parabola in the RZ Cas O-C diagram have a wavelike trend. The pulsation of the primary component influences the scatter of O-C points, as well as it influences the shape of the eclipse. Some physical points on such O-C behavior are presented.
description: Accepted to JAAVSO vol. 34
The computer analysis of facial expressions : on the example of depression and anxiety
Creators: name: McIntyre, Gordon James
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: TA1650 .M35 2010
subject: Human face recognition (Computer science)
subject: Computer vision

description: Significant advances have been made in the field of computer vision in the last few years. The mathematical underpinnings have evolved in conjunction with increases in computer processing speed. Many researchers have attempted to apply these improvements to the field of Facial Expression Recognition (FER). In the typical FER approach, once an image has been acquired, possibly from capturing frames in a video, the face is detected and local information is extracted from the facial region in the image. One popular approach is to build a database of the raw feature data, and then use statistical measures to group the data into representations that correspond to facial expressions. Newly acquired images are then subjected to the same feature extraction process, and the resulting feature data compared to that in the database for matching facial expressions. Academic studies tend to make use of freely available, annotated sets of images. These community databases, used for training and testing, are usually built from acted or posed expressions [Kanade 00, Wallhoff] of primary or prototypical emotion ex-pressions such as fear, anger and happiness. Making use of video or images captured in a natural setting is less common, and fewer studies attempt to apply the techniques to more subtle and pervasive moods and emotional states, such as boredom, arousal, anxiety and depression. This dissertation aims to test whether state-of-the-art developments in the field of computer vision can be successfully applied in a practical situation involving non-primary FER. The functional requirements of a system that can perform full lifecycle, video analysis of vocal and facial expressions are outlined. These have been used to build a fully-functional prototype system that incorporates Active Appearance Model (AAM)s. The system has been integral to supporting the experimental aspects of this dissertation. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the recent evolution in computer vision of the AAM. These are used to locate fiduciary, or landmark, points, around a face in an image. If the landmark points can be reliably and consistently found within an image then the collective "shape" for the points, together with the pixel information, can be used to build representations of facial expressions. Two experiments were undertaken and are reported in this thesis. The first investigated whether FER practices could be applied to sense for anxious expressions in images. The second was designed to analyse the facial activity and expressions in video recordings of patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Finally, the practical limitations of the statistical approach to FER are considered along with strategies for overcoming those limitations.
New Confocal Hyperbola-based Ellipse Fitting with Applications to Estimating Parameters of Mechanical Pipes from Point Clouds
Creators: name: Maalek, Reza
name: Lichti, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This manuscript presents a new method for fitting ellipses to two-dimensional data using the confocal hyperbola approximation to the geometric distance of points to ellipses. The proposed method was evaluated and compared to established methods on simulated and real-world datasets. First, it was revealed that the confocal hyperbola distance considerably outperforms other distance approximations such as algebraic and Sampson. Next, the proposed ellipse fitting method was compared with five reliable and established methods proposed by Halir, Taubin, Kanatani, Ahn and Szpak. The performance of each method as a function of rotation, aspect ratio, noise, and arc-length were examined. It was observed that the proposed ellipse fitting method achieved almost identical results (and in some cases better) than the gold standard geometric method of Ahn and outperformed the remaining methods in all simulation experiments. Finally, the proposed method outperformed the considered ellipse fitting methods in estimating the geometric parameters of cylindrical mechanical pipes from point clouds. The results of the experiments show that the confocal hyperbola is an excellent approximation to the true geometric distance and produces reliable and accurate ellipse fitting in practical settings.
Entangled networks, synchronization, and optimal network topology
Creators: name: Donetti, Luca
name: Hurtado, Pablo I.
name: Munoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new family of graphs, {\it entangled networks}, with optimal properties in many respects, is introduced. By definition, their topology is such that optimizes synchronizability for many dynamical processes. These networks are shown to have an extremely homogeneous structure: degree, node-distance, betweenness, and loop distributions are all very narrow. Also, they are characterized by a very interwoven (entangled) structure with short average distances, large loops, and no well-defined community-structure. This family of nets exhibits an excellent performance with respect to other flow properties such as robustness against errors and attacks, minimal first-passage time of random walks, efficient communication, etc. These remarkable features convert entangled networks in a useful concept, optimal or almost-optimal in many senses, and with plenty of potential applications computer science or neuroscience.
description: Slightly modified version, as accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
New Findings on GLRT Radar Detection of Nonfluctuating Targets via Phased Arrays
Creators: name: García, Fernando Darío Almeida
name: Miranda, Marco Antonio Miguel
name: Filho, José Cândido Silveira Santos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses the standard generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detection problem of weak signals in background noise. In so doing, we consider a nonfluctuating target embedded in complex white Gaussian noise (CWGN), in which the amplitude of the target echo and the noise power are assumed to be unknown. Important works have analyzed the performance for the referred scenario and proposed GLRT-based detectors. Such detectors are projected at an early stage (i.e., prior to the formation of a post-beamforming scalar waveform), thereby imposing high demands on hardware, processing, and data storage. From a hardware perspective, most radar systems fail to meet these strong requirements. In fact, due to hardware and computational constraints, most radars use a combination of analog and digital beamformers (sums) before any estimation or further pre-processing. The rationale behind this study is to derive a GLRT detector that meets the hardware and system requirements. In this work, we design and analyze a more practical and easy-to-implement GLRT detector, which is projected after the analog beamforming. The performance of the proposed detector is analyzed and the probabilities of detection (PD) and false alarm (PFA) are derived in closed form. Moreover, we show that in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the post-beamforming GLRT detector performs better than both the classic pre-beamforming GLRT detector and the square-law detector. This finding suggests that if the signals are weak, instead of processing the signals separately, we first must to reinforce the overall signal and then assembling the system's detection statistic. At last, the SNR losses are quantified, in which the superiority of the post-beamforming GLRT detector was evidenced as the number of antennas and samples increase.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Consumers don't play dice, influence of social networks and advertisements
Creators: name: Groot, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Empirical data of supermarket sales show stylised facts that are similar to stock markets, with a broad (truncated) Levy distribution of weekly sales differences in the baseline sales [R.D. Groot, Physica A 353 (2005) 501]. To investigate the cause of this, the influence of social interactions and advertisements are studied in an agent-based model of consumers in a social network. The influence of network topology was varied by using a small-world network, a random network and a Barabasi-Albert network. The degree to which consumers value the opinion of their peers was also varied. On a small-world and random network we find a phase-transition between an open market and a locked-in market that is similar to condensation in liquids. At the critical point, fluctuations become large and buying behaviour is strongly correlated. However, on the small world network the noise distribution at the critical point is Gaussian, and critical slowing down occurs which is not observed in supermarket sales. On a scale-free network, the model shows a transition between a gas-like phase and a glassy state, but at the transition point the noise amplitude is much larger than what is seen in supermarket sales. To explore the role of advertisements, a model is studied where imprints are placed on the minds of consumers that ripen when a decision for a product is made. The correct distribution of weekly sales returns follows naturally from this model, as well as the noise amplitude, the correlation time and cross-correlation of sales fluctuations. For particular parameter values, simulated sales correlation shows power law decay in time. The model predicts that social interaction helps to prevent aversion, and that products are viewed more positively when their consumption rate is higher.
description: Accepted for publication in Physica A
Flexural Strength of Various Sizes and Weight of Silane-treated Alumina Reinforced Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resins
Creators: name: Uraivichaikul, Duangjai
Publisher: name: The Dental Association of Thailand
Year: 2022
Subjects: Acrylic resins
Flexural strength
Nano-alumina
Reinforcement
Silane-treated alumina

description: Journal of The Dental Association of Thailand, 72, 2, 287-299
Deconfined quantum criticality in the two dimensional Kondo lattice model
Creators: name: Kim, Ki-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the continuous quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic metal to a heavy fermion liquid based on the Kondo lattice model in two dimensions. We propose that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and conduction electrons fractionalize into neutral bosonic spinons and charged spinless fermions at the quantum critical point. This deconfined quantum criticality leads us to establish a critical field theory in terms of the fractionalized fields interacting via emergent U(1) gauge fields. The critical field theory not only predicts non-Fermi liquid physics near the quantum critical point but also recovers Fermi liquid physics away from the quantum critical point.
Technique for separating velocity and density contributions in spectroscopic data and its application to studying turbulence and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Yuen, Ka Ho
name: Ho, Ka Wai
name: Lazarian, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the theoretical description of Position-Position-Velocity(PPV) statistics in Lazarian & Pogosyan(2000), we introduce a new technique called the Velocity Decomposition Algorithm(VDA) in separating the PPV fluctuations arising from velocity and density fluctuations. Using MHD turbulence simulations, we demonstrate its promise in retrieving the velocity fluctuations from PPV cube in various physical conditions and its prospects in accurately tracing the magnetic field. We find that for localized clouds, the velocity fluctuations are most prominent at the wing part of the spectral line, and they dominate the density fluctuations. The same velocity dominance applies to extended HI regions undergoing galactic rotation. Our numerical experiment demonstrates that velocity channels arising from the cold phase of atomic hydrogen (HI) are still affected by velocity fluctuations at small scales. We apply the VDA to HI GALFA-DR2 data corresponding to the high-velocity cloud HVC186+19-114 and high latitude galactic diffuse HI data. Our study confirms the crucial role of velocity fluctuations in explaining why linear structures are observed within PPV cubes. We discuss the implications of VDA for both magnetic field studies and predicting polarized galactic emission that acts as the foreground for the Cosmic Microwave Background studies. Additionally, we address the controversy related to the filamentary nature of the HI channel maps and explain the importance of velocity fluctuations in the formation of structures in PPV data cubes. VDA will allow astronomers to obtain velocity fluctuations from almost every piece of spectroscopic PPV data and allow direct investigations of the turbulent velocity field in observations.
description: 48 pages, 11 sections, 6 appendices, 26 figures in the main text, 7 figures in the appendices. Accepted by ApJ for publication
First evidence of anisotropic quenched disorder effects on a smectic liquid crystal confined in porous silicon
Creators: name: Guégan, Régis
name: Morineau, Denis
name: Loverdo, Claude
name: Béziel, Wilfried
name: Guendouz, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a neutron scattering analysis of the structure of the smectic liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) confined in one-dimensional nanopores of porous silicon films (PS). The smectic transition is completely suppressed, leading to the extension of a short-range ordered smectic phase aligned along the pore axis. It evolves reversibly over an extended temperature range, down to 50 K below the \textit{N-SmA} transition in pure 8CB. This behavior strongly differs from previous observations of smectics in different one-dimensional porous materials. A coherent picture of this striking behavior requires that quenched disorder effects are invoked. The strongly disordered nature of the inner surface of PS acts as random fields coupling to the smectic order. The one-dimensionality of PS nano-channels offers new perspectives on quenched disorder effects, which observation has been restricted to homogeneous random porous materials so far.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Cellular activation patterns of CD10+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors across acquired disease states in human skeletal muscle biopsies
Creators: name: Schutz, Peter
name: Cheung, Simon
name: Yi, Lin
name: Rossi, Fabio M. V.
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fibro-adipogenic progenitor
Inflammatory myopathy
Denervation
CD10
Skeletal muscle
Periarteriolar
Type 2 atrophy

description: Background: Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAP) are muscle resident mesenchymal stem cells pivotal for regulation of myofiber repair. Experimental results show in addition involvement in a range of other pathological conditions and potential for pharmacological intervention. FAP histopathology in human muscle biopsies is largely unknown, but has potential to inform translational research.

Methods: CD10+ FAPs in 32 archival muscle biopsies from 8 groups (normal, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis (IBM), anti-synthetase syndrome, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), denervation, type 2 atrophy, rhabdomyolysis) were visualized by CD10 immunohistochemistry and their histology compared. Groups are compared by semi-quantitative scoring.

Results: Histological activation of endomysial CD10+ FAPs includes prominent expansion of a network of cell processes surrounding muscle fibers, as well as endomysial cell clusters evidencing proliferation. Prominence of periarteriolar processes is a notable feature in some pathologies. FAP activation is often associated with fiber degeneration/regeneration, foci of inflammation, and denervation in keeping with experimental results. Type 2 atrophy shows no evidence of FAP activation. Dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase syndrome associated myositis demonstrate diffuse activation.

Conclusion: Assessment of CD10+ FAP activation is routinely possible using CD10 immunohistochemistry and demonstrates several patterns in keeping with preclinical results. Prominent expansion of FAP processes surrounding myofibers suggests enhanced interaction between myofiber/basement membranes and FAPs during activation. The presence of diffuse FAP activation in dermatomyositis biopsies unrelated to fiber repair raises the possibility of FAP activation as part of the autoimmune process. Future diagnostic applications, clinical significance and therapeutic potential remain to be elucidated.
description: Free Neuropathology, Bd. 5 (2024)
Fully-heavy tetraquarks in strongly interacting medium
Creators: name: Zhao, Jiaxing
name: Shi, Shuzhe
name: Zhuang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of fully-heavy tetraquarks at finite temperature and their production in high-energy nuclear collisions. We obtain the masses and wave functions of the exotic hadron states $cc\bar c\bar c$ and $bb\bar b\bar b$ by solving the four-body Schrödinger equation in vacuum and strongly interacting matter. In vacuum, the tetraquarks are above the corresponding meson-meson mass threshold, and the newly observed exotic state $X(6900)$ might be a $cc\bar c\bar c$ state with quantum number $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ or $1^{+-}$. In hot medium, the temperature dependence of the tetraquark masses and the dissociation temperatures are calculated. Taking the wave function at finite temperature, we construct the Wigner function for the tetraquark states and calculate, with coalescence mechanism, the production yield and transverse momentum distribution of $cc\bar c\bar c$ in heavy-ion collisions at LHC energy. In comparison with nucleon-nucleon collisions, the yield per binary collision is significantly enhanced.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of 0.4
Creators: name: Maier, C.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Carollo, M.
name: Stockton, A.
name: Brodwin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new J-band VLT-ISAAC and Keck-NIRSPEC spectroscopy, we have measured Halpha and [NII] line fluxes for 0.470.1 for most (but not all) of the CFRS galaxies indicate that they lie on the high-metallicity branch of the R23 calibration; d) about one third of the 0.47
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Opacity from Loops in AdS
Creators: name: Costantino, Alexandria
name: Fichet, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how quantum dynamics affects the propagation of a scalar field in Lorentzian AdS. We work in momentum space, in which the propagator admits two spectral representations (denoted "conformal" and "momentum") in addition to a closed-form one, and all have a simple split structure. Focusing on scalar bubbles, we compute the imaginary part of the self-energy $ {\rm Im} Π$ in the three representations, which involves the evaluation of seemingly very different objects. We explicitly prove their equivalence in any dimension, and derive some elementary and asymptotic properties of $ {\rm Im} Π$. Using a WKB-like approach in the timelike region, we evaluate the propagator dressed with the imaginary part of the self-energy. We find that the dressing from loops exponentially dampens the propagator when one of the endpoints is in the IR region, rendering this region opaque to propagation. This suppression may have implications for field-theoretical model-building in AdS. We argue that in the effective theory (EFT) paradigm, opacity of the IR region induced by higher dimensional operators censors the region of EFT breakdown. This confirms earlier expectations from the literature. Specializing to AdS$_5$, we determine a universal contribution to opacity from gravity.
description: 51+23 pages, 4 figures. v2: Typos corrected and other minor edits, matches JHEP version
Simulations of Axion Minihalos
Creators: name: Xiao, Huangyu
name: Williams, Ian
name: McQuinn, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The axion, motivated as a solution to the strong CP problem, is also a viable dark matter candidate. We use N-body simulations to study the formation of substructures from white-noise density fluctuations. The density profiles of our relaxed axion minihalos can be described by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile, and the minihalos' concentration number agrees well with a simple, physically-motivated model. We develop a semi-analytic formula to fit the mass function from our simulation, which agrees broadly at different redshifts and only differs at factor of two level from classic halo mass functions. This analytic mass function allows us to consider uncertainties in the post-inflation axion scenario, as well as extrapolate our high-redshift simulations results to the present. Our work estimates the present-day abundance of axion substructures, as is necessary for predicting their effect on cosmological microlensing caustics and pulsar timing. Our calculations suggest that if pulsar timing and microlensing probes can reach recent sensitivity forecasts, they may be sensitive to the post-inflation axion dark matter scenario, even when accounting for uncertainties pertaining to axion strings. For pulsar timing, the most significant caveat is whether axion minihalos are disrupted by stars, which our estimates show is mildly important at the most relevant masses. Finally, as our gravitational simulations are scale invariant, the results can be extended to models where the dark matter is comprised of other axion-like particles and even clusters of primordial black holes.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
An Improved Exact Algorithm for the Exact Satisfiability Problem
Creators: name: Hoi, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Exact Satisfiability problem, XSAT, is defined as the problem of finding a satisfying assignment to a formula $φ$ in CNF such that exactly one literal in each clause is assigned to be "1" and the other literals in the same clause are set to "0". Since it is an important variant of the satisfiability problem, XSAT has also been studied heavily and has seen numerous improvements to the development of its exact algorithms over the years. The fastest known exact algorithm to solve XSAT runs in $O(1.1730^n)$ time, where $n$ is the number of variables in the formula. In this paper, we propose a faster exact algorithm that solves the problem in $O(1.1674^n)$ time. Like many of the authors working on this problem, we give a DPLL algorithm to solve it. The novelty of this paper lies on the design of the nonstandard measure, to help us to tighten the analysis of the algorithm further.
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management in U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Vandeman, Ann
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Jans, Sharon
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Vandeman, Ann
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Jans, Sharon
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: IPM
subject: fruits
subject: nuts
subject: vegetables
subject: field crops

description: This report summarizes information on the extent of adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques in the production of fruits, vegetables, and major field crops. Farmers are considered to be using IPM if, before making pesticide application decisions, they closely monitor pest populations (scouting) in order to determine when a population has reached an economically damaging threshold. Over half of the Nation's fruit, vegetable, and major field crop acres are now under some level of IPM, according to USDA survey data. A host of pest management practices are used, and their adoption rates vary by crop and State. The data suggest two strategies to increase adoption of IPM. One is to increase the availability of alternative practices through more research in crops and regions where few alternatives are used. A second is to encourage more farmers to adopt existing IPM technology.
Rapidly-converging methods for the location of quantum critical points from finite-size data
Creators: name: Roncaglia, M.
name: Venuti, L. Campos
name: Boschi, C. Degli Esposti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in detail, beyond the usual scaling hypothesis, the finite-size convergence of static quantities toward the thermodynamic limit. In this way we are able to obtain sequences of pseudo-critical points which display a faster convergence rate as compared to currently used methods. The approaches are valid in any spatial dimension and for any value of the dynamic exponent. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods both analytically on the basis of the one dimensional XY model, and numerically considering c = 1 transitions occurring in non integrable spin models. In particular, we show that these general methods are able to locate precisely the onset of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition making only use of ground-state properties on relatively small systems.
description: 9 pages, 2 EPS figures, RevTeX style. Updated to published version
Scalar Multiplet Dark Matter in a Fast Expanding Universe: resurrection of the desert region
Creators: name: Barman, Basabendu
name: Ghosh, Purusottam
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Saha, Abhijit Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the impact of a faster expanding Universe on the phenomenology of scalar dark matter (DM) associated with $SU(2)_L$ multiplets. Earlier works with radiation dominated Universe have reported the presence of desert region for both inert $SU(2)_L$ doublet and triplet DM candidates where the DM is under abundant. We find that the existence of a faster expanding component before BBN can revive a substantial part of the desert parameter space consistent with relic density requirements and other direct and indirect search bounds. We also review the possible collider search prospects of the newly obtained parameter space and predict that such region might be probed at the future colliders with improved sensitivity via a disappearing/stable charged track.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, to appear in PRD
Sustainability and its Limits
Creators: name: Vetlesen, Arne Johan
Publisher: name: Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sustainable development
capitalism
growth
decoupling
technology optimism

description: Zum Blog-Beitrag
description: Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit, 2024: SuN Blog Beiträge 2024
PeV-EeV neutrinos from gamma-ray blazars due to ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray propagation
Creators: name: Das, Saikat
name: Gupta, Nayantara
name: Razzaque, Soebur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars are potential candidates of cosmic-ray acceleration up to ultrahigh energies ($E\gtrsim10^{18}$ eV). For an efficient cosmic-ray injection from blazars, $pγ$ collisions with the extragalactic background light (EBL) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) can produce neutrino spectrum peaks near PeV and EeV energies, respectively. We analyze the contribution of these neutrinos to the diffuse background measured by the IceCube neutrino observatory. The fraction of neutrino luminosity originating from individual redshift ranges is calculated using the distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs provided in the \textit{Fermi}-LAT 4LAC catalog. Furthermore, we use a luminosity dependent density evolution to find the neutrino flux from unresolved blazars. The results obtained in our model indicate that as much as $\approx10\%$ of the flux upper bound at a few PeV energies can arise from cosmic-ray interactions on EBL. The same interactions will also produce secondary electrons and photons, initiating electromagnetic cascades. The resultant photon spectrum is limited by the isotropic diffuse $γ$-ray flux measured between 100 MeV and 820 GeV. The latter, together with the observed cosmic-ray flux at $E>10^{16.5}$ eV, can constrain the baryonic loading factor depending on the maximum cosmic-ray acceleration energy.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
Creators: name: Abazajian, Kevork
name: Koushiappas, Savvas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of constraints on the sterile neutrino as a dark matter candidate. The minimal production scenario with a standard thermal history and negligible cosmological lepton number is in conflict with conservative radiative decay constraints from the cosmic X-ray background in combination with stringent small-scale structure limits from the Lyman-alpha forest. We show that entropy release through massive particle decay after production does not alleviate these constraints. We further show that radiative decay constraints from local group dwarf galaxies are subject to large uncertainties in the dark matter density profile of these systems. Within the strongest set of constraints, resonant production of cold sterile neutrino dark matter in non-zero lepton number cosmologies remains allowed.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; v2 includes discussion of astro-ph/0605706 and matches version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Effect of Tooth Brushing on Surface Roughness and Gloss of Nano Composite
Creators: name: Thanadolpijit, Nichapa
Publisher: name: The Dental Association of Thailand
Year: 2022
Subjects: Tooth brushing simulation
Surface gloss
Surface roughness
Nanocomposites

description: Journal of The Dental Association of Thailand, 72, 2, 300-310
Conger vetustus Frizzell & Lamber 1962
Creators: name: Lin, Chien-Hsiang
name: Nolf, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Congridae
Conger
Conger vetustus

description: Conger vetustus Frizzell & Lamber, 1962
Fig. 9D
Conger? vetustus Frizzell & Lamber, 1962: 100, figs 6a–b, 8a–d.
Conger vetustus – Nolf 1985: 42; 2013: 35, pl. 22. — Nolf & Stringer 2003: pl. 1 fig. 9.
Remarks
A single otolith of this species was collected from the “upper” Lisbon Formation (Alabama) (Table 1). Despite its poor preservation, the characteristically very elongate otolith shape and the straight but obliquely ventrally oriented sulcus allow a conclusive identification.
Stratigraphic and geographic distribution
Bartonian: Moodys Branch Formation, Louisiana and Mississippi; “upper” Lisbon Formation, Alabama. Priabonian: Yazoo Clay, Louisiana.
description: Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on page 31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355
The Cosmic-Ray Composition between 2 PeV and 2 EeV Observed with the TALE Detector in Monocular Mode
Creators: name: Telescope Array Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray composition by the Telescope Array Low-Energy Extension (TALE) air fluorescence detector (FD). By making use of the Cherenkov light signal in addition to air fluorescence light from cosmic ray (CR) induced extensive air showers, the TALE FD can measure the properties of the cosmic rays with energies as low as $\sim 2$ PeV and exceeding 1 EeV. In this paper, we present results on the measurement of $X_{\rm max}$ distributions of showers observed over this energy range. Data collected over a period of $\sim 4$ years was analyzed for this study. The resulting $X_{\rm max}$ distributions are compared to the Monte Carlo (MC) simulated data distributions for primary cosmic rays with varying composition and a 4-component fit is performed. The comparison and fit are performed for energy bins, of width 0.1 or 0.2 in $\log_{10} (E/{\rm eV})$, spanning the full range of the measured energies. We also examine the mean $X_{\rm max}$ value as a function of energy for cosmic rays with energies greater than $10^{15.8}$ eV. Below $10^{17.3}$ eV, the slope of the mean $X_{\rm max}$ as a function of energy (the elongation rate) for the data is significantly smaller than that of all elements in the models, indicating that the composition is becoming heavier with energy in this energy range. This is consistent with a rigidity-dependent cutoff of events from galactic sources. Finally, an increase in the $X_{\rm max}$ elongation rate is observed at energies just above $10^{17}$ eV indicating another change in the cosmic rays composition.
description: 20 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Final_9623_ssDNA_dsDNA_vOTUs
Creators: name: Gary Trubl
name: Simon Roux
name: Arvind Varsani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: fasta

description: ssDNA and dsDNA vOTUs sequences associated with manuscript Population ecology and biogeochemical implications of ssDNA and dsDNA viruses along a permafrost thaw gradient.
The baryon content of the Universe
Creators: name: Persic, M.
name: Salucci, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large discrepancy between the amount of baryons that were synthesized in Big-Bang and that we detect at $z=0$ locked in stars inside galaxies and in hot/cold gas in galaxies. goup and clusters, is a well known crucial issue for present day cosmology. It is also thought that this riddle is at the backbone of how the ordinary matter has formed, inside dark potential wells, the structures we see today. Then, it is useful to reprint, by means of this archive, the first (pre- astro-ph era) published work in which the amount of "luminous" baryons was actually and suitably computed and the disagreement with the BBN predictions strongly claimed. This because 12 years after the method and the results are still up-to-date, and above all, people are occasionally found to know only later works (appeared on astro-ph) that were meant to be just (ours or other's) follow ups of the present paper.
description: 5 pages
title: Instrument Development for Determining High School Students’ Epistemological and Ontological Beliefs Regarding Photography
Creators: name: Maeser, Earl Stanford
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description:
Research in educational psychology has shown that students' beliefs about knowledge—known as personal epistemology—significantly impact their academic success. However, accurately measuring these beliefs has proven to be challenging due to the lack of reliable and valid tools. This study addresses this gap by developing and testing two tools aimed at assessing high school students' beliefs about knowledge and reality in the context of photography: the Photographic Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ) and the Photographic Reality Questionnaire (PRQ).

Photography, with its strong ties to reality and representation, provides a unique way to explore personal beliefs about the nature of reality and how knowledge of that reality is acquired. The PKQ looks at students' beliefs about photographic knowledge, while the PRQ examines their beliefs about photographic reality. The study involved three stages: a preparatory stage to refine the tools, a pilot test with 39 students, and a field test with 106 students.

Results from the analyses showed that the PRQ is both a valid and reliable measure of beliefs about photographic reality, while the PKQ needs further refinement to reach a similar level of validity. These findings suggest that beliefs about reality can be assessed separately from beliefs about knowledge, opening new opportunities for research and educational practice. Future research could focus on developing a theoretical model for personal beliefs about reality and exploring their impact on academic achievement. Additionally, improving the PKQ could provide a more credible tool for understanding how specific beliefs about knowledge influence learning in photography.

This study not only contributes to the field of educational measurement but also offers practical insights for educators seeking to enhance students' understanding of knowledge and reality through photography.
Hold aloft the red banner of Dazhai Seize abundant agricultural harvests (高举大寨红旗 夺取农业丰收)
Creators: name: Zhang Anpu 张安朴
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural productivity
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/801250
subject: Dazhai da dui
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/559098
subject: Agriculture
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/801355
subject: Agriculture and state
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/801722
subject: Agriculture
subject: Campaign Against "Gang of Four"

description: Price: 11 fen
The network of concepts in written texts
Creators: name: Caldeira, Silvia M. G.
name: Lobao, Thierry C. Petit
name: Andrade, R. F. S.
name: Neme, Alexis
name: Miranda, J. G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex network theory is used to investigate the structure of meaningful concepts in written texts of individual authors. Networks have been constructed after a two phase filtering, where words with less meaning contents are eliminated, and all remaining words are set to their canonical form, without any number, gender or time flexion. Each sentence in the text is added to the network as a clique. A large number of written texts have been scrutinized, and its found that texts have small-world as well as scale-free structures. The growth process of these networks has also been investigated, and a universal evolution of network quantifiers have been found among the set of texts written by distinct authors. Further analyzes, based on shufling procedures taken either on the texts or on the constructed networks, provide hints on the role played by the word frequency and sentence length distributions to the network structure. Since the meaningful words are related to concepts in the author's mind, results for text networks may uncover patterns in communication and language processes that occur in the mind.