Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane, Bui &amp; Eguchi 2008
Creators: name: Yamada, Aiki
name: Nguyen, Dai D.
name: Eguchi, Katsuyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Opamyrma
Opamyrma hungvuong

description: <i>Opamyrma hungvuong</i> YAMANE, BUI &amp; EGUCHI, 2 008 (Figs. 1 - 1 5) <b>Non-type material examined: China: 25 workers, 6 larvae (colony ID: AKY 05vii17-06), Guangxi, Guilin, Huaping National Nature Reserve, 25.57° N, 109.94° E, ca. 1000 - 1500 m above sea level (a.s.l.), collected from soil under stone on forest floor, coll. A. Yamada, 5 July 2017 (AKYC, ACEG, GXNU, MCZC, MHNG)</b>. <b>Vietnam:</b> 3 workers, 2 alate queens, 5 dealate queens, 2 males (colony ID: Dai19iii2019-029), Son La, Ta Xua Nature Reserve, Bac Yen, Hang Dong, 21.3158° N, 104.5213° E, 1533 m a.s.l., collected from soil on forest floor, coll. D. D. Nguyen, 14 March 2019 (AKYC, ACEG, IEBR, MCZC, MHNG). <b>Diagnosis:</b> The female (worker and queen) of the unique species is easily recognizable by the following combination of characteristics: 1) occipital carina virtually uninterrupted and anteriorly located before the posterior margin of cranium; 2) outer face of labrum bears numerous peg-like setae; 3) waist 1-segmented; 4) petiole without distinct anterior peduncle; 5) tergosternal fusion of petiole present only anteriorly; 6) gaster elongated and flattened laterally, with distinct presclerites in abdominal segment IV. The male may be recognizable by the following combination of characteristics: 1) mandible reduced and nub-like; 2) wing venation reduced (Ogata’s venation type IVb) with only three closed cells, that is, basal, subbasal, and discal cells; 3) propodeal lobes inconspicuous; 4) waist 1-segmented; 5) petiole not tergosternally fused; 6) pygostyli absent; 7) abdominal sternite IX without prongs or teeth, and with posteromedian lobe; 8) genitalia conspicuous with extremely elongate telomere directed ventrad in repose. <b>Measurements and indices: Worker:</b> CI 76 - 82; HL 0.62 - 0.71 mm; HW 0.48 - 0.54 mm; MFI 91 - 96; MFL 0.44 - 0.50 mm; PTH 0.28 - 0.38 mm; PTI 46 - 50; PTL 0.42 - 0.55 mm; PTW 0.21 - 0.27 mm; PW 0.35 - 0.43 mm; SI 64 - 71; SL 0.33 - 0.38 mm; WL 1.01 - 1.18mm (n = 7). <b>Queen:</b> CI 78 - 79; EI 24 - 25; EL 0.17 mm; HL 0.86 - 0.87 mm; HW 0.68 mm; MFI 89 - 92; MFL 0.61 - 0.63 mm; OI 8 - 9; OL 0.05 - 0.06 mm; PTH 0.48 - 0.49 mm; PTI 50 - 56; PTL 0.69 - 0.70 mm; PTW 0.35 - 0.38 mm; PW 0.58 - 0.60 mm; SI 67 - 69; SL 0.45 - 0.47 mm; WL 1.58 - 1.63 mm (n = 3). <b>Male:</b> CI 99 - 106; EI 53 - 56; EL 0.33 mm; HL 0.59 mm; HW 0.58 - 0.62 mm; MFI 104 - 109; MFL 0.64 - 0.65 mm; OI 15; OL 0.09 - 0.10mm; PTH 0.36 - 0.37 mm; PTI 92 - 99; PTL 0.34 - 0.36 mm; PTW 0.31 - 0.35 mm; PW 0.53 mm; SI 19; SL 0.11 - 0.12 mm; WL 1.48 - 1.49 mm (n = 2). <b>Redescription: Worker (Figs. 1 - 9):</b> C r a n i u m. In full-face view subrectangular, longer than wide, with slightly convex lateral margin and slightly concave posterior margin, in lateral view, flattened dorsoventrally. Median longitudinal cephalic carina absent. Frontal carina and lobes absent. Occiput extended anteriorly to have distinct dorsal, lateral, and ventral face, delimited anteriorly by distinct occipital carina (“Occ” in Figs. 1A - B, 2B, 4C; = “preoccipital carina” in the original description); the carina virtually uninterrupted, forming a V-shaped angle at the middle of the venter (arrow in Fig.2B). Postgenal ridge (“Pgr” in Figs. 1B, 4C) externally visible as a dark line running on the ventral midline, ending a little before the level of occipital carina (the dark line was mentioned as “median furrow” in the original description, but the ventral midline is not furrowed as seen in Fig. 2B). Hypostomal process (“Hysp” in Fig. 2B, D) conspicuous, in lateral view broad with rounded apex. Eye and ocelli completely absent. Antennal socket completely exposed in full-face view, directing almost dorsad, located in a large, roundly excavated area of which anterior wall is steep a little behind the anterior margin of clypeus; the area not clearly defined posteriorly. Antennal torulus distinct, simple annular, located distant from anterior clypeal margin, posterolaterally surrounded by deep tear- drop-shaped peritorular groove (“Ptg” in Figs. 2A, 4A - B; the term “peritorular groove” is borrowed from RICHTER &amp; al. 2019). Anterior tentorial pit not externally visible (see tentorium description below). Posterior tentorial pit (“Ptp” in Figs.2B, 4C) located laterally to postocciput. Median portion of clypeus rather clearly divided into anterior steep slope and posterior horizontal area that is raised dorsad and posteriorly roundly delimited by a continuous steep declivity; posterior area broadly inserted between antennal sockets, nearly reaching the level of posterior margin of antennal torulus; supraclypeal area (“Sca” in Fig.2A) small, subtriangular; median longitudinal clypeal carina absent; lateral portion of clypeus in front of antennal socket very narrow anteroposteriorly: posterior limit of lateral portion of clypeus externally not obvious, but internal line that might be paroculoclypeal sulcus (dashed line in Fig.4A) tracing the anterior outline of excavated area around antennal socket is recognized under transmitted light microscope; anterior clypeal margin broadly concave without any peg-like setae or cuticular denticles. M o u t h p a r t s. Mandible short and sublinear, strongly curved near the distal end of mandalus, with long but somewhat bluntly tapering apical tooth followed by a broad trapezoidal preapical tooth (“Pat” in Fig. 2C, E; in the original description, the preapical tooth was mentioned as “trapezoidal lobe” that was interpreted as fusion of two preapical teeth, but it could well be a single preapical tooth corresponding in location to, for example, <i>Apomyrma</i>, † <i>Gerontoformica</i> NEL &amp; PERRAULT, 2004, and <i>Prionopelta</i> MAYR, 1866) and three or four inconspicuous teeth; ventral face with a single peg-like seta (“Mps” in Fig. 2A, C, E; the seta morphology is similar to that of labrum) which is located near the base of the second and third inconspicuous teeth of the masticatory margin, and two long apically spatulate setae (arrows in Fig. 2C, E); trulleum apparently absent; canthellus (“Ctl” in Fig.2C, E) less-defined, not differentiated from the basal margin of mandible; mandalus (“Mdl” marked by red color in Fig.2C) elongate and narrow club-shaped (it is visible as whitish membranous area in dry specimen under an optical microscope, and it was misinterpreted as trulleum in the original description). Labrum (Fig. 2F, “Lbr” in Fig. 1B) large, entirely concealing prementum (“Prm” in Fig. 3A, C) and maxillary stipes (“Mxst” in Fig. 3A - B) when mouthparts retracted, almost as long as wide, with rounded distal margin (median cleft absent); labral tuberculi absent; basal third of the outer face bearing numerous peg-like setae that are arranged regularly but not in strict transverse rows (“Lps” in Fig. 2A, F); distal area of the outer face with at least five pairs of long apically spatulate setae (halves of the pairs are indicated by arrows in Fig. 2F) that are regularly arranged. Maxilla with conspicuous maxillary comb (“Mxco” in Fig.3B); transverse stipital groove absent; galeal comb absent; galeal crown flattened with a series of thick apically rounded (not spatulate) setae, one of which is particularly stout (“Gcss” in Fig.3A - B), without ventral comb; lacinia (“Lcn” in Fig.3B) small subtriangular, with relatively acute apex; lacinial comb present, composed of short thin setae; maxillary palp (“Mxp” in Fig.3A - B) 4-segmented, becoming shorter and narrower apically; apical segment with bluntly tapering apex. Premental shield (ventral surface of prementum, marked by red color in Fig. 3A) convex oblong in ventral view, without transverse premental groove. Labium in dorsal view with conspicuous anteromedian sclerite (“Ams” in Fig. 3D) that is apparently dorsal extension of prementum; base of subglossal brush (“Sglb” in Fig.3C - D) forming strong anterolateral projection in dorsal view (arrow in Fig. 3D); paraglossa unrecognizable in our observation; labial palp (“Lbp” in Fig. 3A, C - D) 2-segmented; second segment about as long as first segment, with rounded apex. T e n t o r i u m. Anterior tentorial arm (“Ata” in Fig.4B - D) originated from endoskeletal structure of antennal socket; anterior tentorial pit apparently located on medioventral wall of antennal socket (“Atp” in Fig. 4A - B). Buttress-like extension absent. Internal plate (“Ip” in Fig.4B, D) relatively narrow but much broader than external plate (“Ep” in Fig.4D), with rounded anterodistal corner. Dorsal tentorial arm (“Dta” in Fig.4D) distinct, with long branchlike apical part. Tentorial bridge (“Tb” in Fig.4C - D) thin tubular. Corpotendon (“Ct” in Fig.4C - D) long. Posterior tentorial arm (“Pta” in Fig.4C) thin tubular. A n t e n n a. Antenna 12-merous, gradually incrassate from antennomeres II to XII (Fig. 5A). Antennal scape, when laid backward, extending past midlength of cranium, flattened dorsoventrally, narrowed toward base, without distinct basal flange distal to bulbus; antennomere II subconical bead-like, in dorsal view strongly narrowed at base, slightly longer than wide; antennomore III slightly longer than wide and narrowed basally; antennomeres IV and V almost as long as wide; antennomeres VI - XI wider than long; apical antennomere longer than wide and bluntly pointed at apex. Apical antennomere, with at least two types of sensilla recognizable: basiconic (black arrows in Fig.5B), and trichodic ones; trichodic sensilla become small on basal marginal area; pit-like structures that might be coeloconic / ampullaceous sensilla or socket of broken basiconic / trichodic sensilla also recognizable (white arrows in Fig.5B). Scape bulbus hemispherical with short tubular neck; anterior basal margin of the bulbus apparently without a distinct notch. M e s o s o m a. Mesosoma slender and consisting of two distinct portions, prothorax and meso-metathoracico-propodeal complex, which is oblong and slightly longer and narrower than pronotum and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view: articulation between prothorax and mesothorax unfused and fully flexible in fresh condition. Pronotum longer than wide in dorsal view, with slightly convex dorsal face that roundly continues to lateral face; anterior slope short and steep. Propleurae unfused relative to one another, but are strongly attached along the ventral midline. Procoxal cavity (“Pcc” in Fig. 6D, F) as small as meso- and metacoxal cavities, in ventral view bounded anteriorly by propleuron and laterally and posteriorly by prosternum (virtually not bounded by pronotum). Dorsum of anterior articulatory area of mesonotum (inserted under the pronotum, marked by blue color in Fig.6B - C) posteriorly delimited by deep narrow transverse groove (“Msg”, marked by red color in Fig.6B - C) which continues along the ventral margin of mesopleuron. Mesonotal spiracle unrecognizable in our observation. Notopleural suture of mesothorax absent. Longitudinal mesopleural sulcus absent. Metanotal groove absent. Mesometapleural suture present as weak groove. Metanotal spiracle (“Mtsp” in Fig.6A) small and apparently closed, located high on lateral face. Propodeum with rather flat dorsum and steep posterior face; posterior face roundly continues to dorsal and lateral faces without any delimiting carina. Propodeal spiracle located relatively low on the lateral face of propodeum. Outline of metapleural gland bulla conspicuously recognized through cuticle under natural lighting, subcircular, occupying posterior two-fifths of ventrolateral part of the pleuron; metapleural gland orifice (“Mgo” in Fig. 6E) narrow slit-like, located in the lower posterior corner of the metapleuron; metapleural longitudinal flange (“Mlf”, marked by green color in Fig.6E) anter- oposteriorly long, projecting laterad and overhanging (but not concealing) metapleural gland orifice. Ventral part of metapleuron below the orifice also laterally produced to form longitudinal flange. Propodeal lobes (“Pdl” in Fig. 6C - E) weakly present, low and round. Anteroventral face of mesopectus with distinct median carina and submedial deep subrectangular depressions that accommodate the forecoxae; posterior remaining face just medially weakly raised without forming distinct median carina. Mesosternal pit present (“Mstp” in Fig. 6D). Metasternal pit apparently absent. Meso- and metacoxal cavities small, fully closed with a complete cuticular annuli surrounding the cavities; metacoxal cavity separated from propodeal foramen by a cuticular band. L e g s. Relatively broad gap present between pro- and mesocoxae. Metacoxal dorsum unarmed. Profemur broader than meso- and metafemur. Protibia broader than meso- and metatibia. Anterior face of protibia without “protibial anterior sulcus” sensu KELLER (2011). The calcar of the strigil (“Ca” in Fig. 7A - C) fully pectinated; basal one third of the calcar bearing narrow unnotched lamina (arrow in Fig.7B); anterior surface with brush that is composed of dense seta-like cuticular projections; posterior surface with sparse seta-like cuticular projections. Pos- terodistal apex of protibia with a single stout seta (“Ptss” in Fig.7C), located close to the insertion of the calcar of the strigil. Meso- and meta- tibiae each with a reduced barbu- late anterior spur (“Ats” in Fig.7E, H) and a well-developed pectinate posterior spur (“Pts” in Fig. E - F, H); posterior spurs with dense seta-like cuticular projections except for basiposterior surface of the metatibial spur. Apically truncated and somewhat flattened setae present on poste- rior face of metatibia near insertion of the posterior spur; similar setae also present posterior face of metabasitarsus along its inner margin (arrows in Fig.7F). Anterior surface of probasitarsal notch with numerous acute scale-like cuticular projections (Fig. 7A - B); posterior surface of the probasitarsal notch without any stout spiniform seta (Fig.7C). Anterior surfaces of distal portion of protibia and probasitarsus bearing numerous spatulate setae (Fig. 7A - B). Basiventral margin of probasitarsus just rounded, not strongly produced. Posteroventral corner of protarsomeres I - III respectively with some conspicuous stout spiniform setae (arrows in Fig. 7D). Stout spiniform setae absent on mesotibia, mesobasitarsus, and metabasitarsus (except for stout setae near distal margin of mesobasitarsus). Pretarsal manubrium (“Mnb” in Fig.7G) relatively large, flat and longitudinal elliptical, with a pair of stout long setae (no significant differences between those of pro-, meso- and meta legs). Pretarsal claws simple, without teeth (Fig.7G). M e t a s o m a. Waist 1-segmented, that is, consisting of only petiole (abdominal segment II). Petiole subrectangular to oblong in lateral view, virtually sessile without distinct anterior peduncle, longer than wide in dorsal view, with slightly convex dorsal face that roundly continues to lateral face; petiolar sternite in ventral view (“Ptsn”, marked by blue color in Fig.8B) disproportionate dumbbell-shaped, with narrow elongated anterior part, only anteriorly fused with the tergite; posterior part of the sternite delimited from the tergite by distinct tergosternal suture (“Tss” in Fig.8B); petiolar laterotergite (“Ptlt”, marked by green color in Fig.8B) present as narrow area along the tergosternal suture; petiolar spiracle located anteriorly on the lateral face of the tergite at its midheight; anteroventral corner of petiole with flange-like structure (arrow in Fig.8A - B); petiolar levator process complete, without lacuna; very short tubular posterior peduncle present inside which the helcium articulates. Gaster very elongate and laterally compressed especially in posterior segments, in lateral view highest at the posterior end of abdominal segment V. Helcium axial (sensu KELLER 2011), tergosternally fused; helcium sternite laterally enclosed in the tergite. Postsclerites of abdominal segment III tergosternally unfused, having a free anterior face above the helcium, longer than high, narrowed basally in dorsal view, longer than segments IV, V and VI. Prora of abdominal sternite III present as a strong corner that is produced anteriad to reaching the level of the anteriormost point of tergite III. Abdominal spiracle III located on lower lateral face of the tergite. Abdominal segment IV with externally visible presclerites; pretergite (“Prtg-IV” in Fig. 8E - F) short and inconspicuous, just weakly constricted; presternite (“Prsn-IV” in Fig.8F - G) long and conspicuous, posteriorly delimited by strong constriction. Abdominal spiracles IV - V visible, but VI - VII concealed by preceding tergites (the original description stated that spiracles V is concealed, but it is clearly visible as indicated by arrow in Fig.8F). Abdominal segment VII longest among the segments III - VII. Pygidium (abdominal tergite VII) very large and simple, unarmed, convex and downcurved posteriorly in lateral view. Hypopygium (abdominal sternite VII) unarmed, in ventral view long subtriangular. S t i n g a p p a r a t u s. Lateral hemitergites of spiracular plate (abdominal tergite VIII) narrowly attached each other by large medial connection (“Mc” in Fig. 9A); the attachment present as a suture-like, strongly sclerotized midline; median connection distinctly delimited from the main disc (= “body” sensu KUGLER, 1978) by a weak carina (indicated by dashed line in Fig. 9A); main disc subrectangular with broadly concave posterodorsal margin, without distinct dorsal notch; spiracle (arrow in Fig. 9A) relatively large, located lower (ventrad) center of the disc; posteroventral corner without posterodorsal lobe and tubercle; anterior apodeme (“Ap” in Fig.9A) narrow. Anterior apodeme (“Ap” in Fig. 9B) of quadrate plate (abdominal tergite IX) much smaller than its main disc, delimited by distinct midplate line (partially indicated by dashed line in Fig. 9B), with large lateral lobe (“Ll” in Fig. 9B); anterodorsal corner (arrow in Fig.9B) long and sharp. Anal arcs and plate present (“Ana” and “Anp” in Fig. 9C), weakly sclerotized apparently without anal sensilla. Anterior apodeme (“Ap” in Fig. 9D) of oblong plate (gonocoxa IX; = second valvifer) forming small subtriangular sclerite in lateral view, that is posteriorly margined by diverging thickened ridge that is connected with dorsal ridge of the posterior arm (“Pa” in Fig. 9D); posterior arm relatively large, more than twice as long as high in lateral view: dorsal subterminal part of the arm (arrow in Fig.9D) forming weakly sclerotized flange protruding from the dorsal ridge; most of ventral arm inconspicuous and apparently membranous; fulcral arm (“Fa” in Fig.9L) large and linear. Basal part of triangular plate (gonangulum; = first valvifer; “Tp” in Fig. 9D) long and thin, weakly curved; lateral tubercle apparently absent; dorsoapical and ventroapical processes short and stout. Gonostylus (gonoplac; = third valvula; “Gs” in Fig.9D, E) long and slender, composed of 2 distinct segments; first segment long and feebly sclerotized except for well-sclerotized dorsal margin, with s
description: Published as part of <i>Yamada, Aiki, Nguyen, Dai D. &amp; Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2020, Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma YAMANE, BUI &amp; EGUCHI, 2008 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus, pp. 27-52 in Myrmecological News 30</i> on pages 30-47, DOI: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_030:027, http://zenodo.org/record/3610835
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