Centruroides cuauhmapan Goodman & Prendini & Francke & Esposito 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Goodman, Aaron M.
name: Prendini, Lorenzo
name: Francke, Oscar F.
name: Esposito, Lauren A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Centruroides
Centruroides cuauhmapan

description: Centruroides cuauhmapan, sp. nov.
Figures 2, 3, 5A, B, 8A, B, 11A, 12A, 17A, D,
18A, D, 19A, D, 20A, D, 21A, D, 22A, D, 23A, D, 24A, D, 25A, D, 28, 29, tables 1, 3, 10
Centruroides schmidti: Francke, 2007: 69, 71, 72, fig. 1 (misidentification); Armas and Martín-Frías, 2008: 7–10, 12, 17, 19, 20, figs. 2–4, table XIV (misidentification).
TYPE MATERIAL: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Município San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec: Holotype ♂ (CNAN T01396), 4 ♀ paratypes (CNAN T01399–T01402), 17 km from San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Cerro del Oro Dam, 17°59′55″N 96°15′47.2″W, 74 m, 23.v.1990, E. Barrera and A. Cadena. Veracruz: Município Actopan: 2 ♂ paratypes (CNAN T01397, T01398), Los Idolos, 19°25′44.9″N 96°32′12.4″W, 112 m, 5.v.2006, O.F. Francke, P. Berea, and J. Ballesteros, collected with UV detection.
1 Sum of carapace, tergites I–VII, metasomal segments I–V, and telson; 2 distance between median ocelli; 3 sum of trochanter, femur, patella, and chela; 4 measured from base of condyle to tip of fixed finger; 5 sum of tergites I–VII; 6 sum of metasomal segments I–V and telson.
ETYMOLOGY: The species name is a noun in apposition, taken from the Nahuatl word meaning “up in a tree” and alludes to the arboreal habitat of species in the genus.
DIAGNOSIS: Centruroides cuauhmapan is most closely related to C. rileyi, from which it differs as follows. The posterosubmedian carinae on the carapace are absent in C. cuauhmapan (fig. 5D) but weakly developed in C. rileyi (fig. 5A). The retrodorsal carina of the pedipalp chela manus is finely granular, the dorsomedian carina distinct, granular, and the prodorsal carina distinct, granular and complete in the male of C. cuauhmapan (figs. 11, 12B), whereas the retrodorsal carina is smooth, the dorsomedian carina weakly granular, and the prodorsal carina weakly granular and restricted to the distal half of the segment in the male of C. rileyi (figs. 11, 12A). The ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae of mesosomal sternite VII are distinct, granular and the intercarinal surfaces finely granular in C. cuauhmapan, whereas the ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae are obsolete to absent and the intercarinal surfaces smooth in C. rileyi. The metasoma and telson are longer in the male and more robust, proportionally longer and broader, in the female of C. cuauhmapan than C. rileyi. The ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae are distinct, granular on metasomal segments I–V in the male and female of C. cuauhmapan (figs. 18G, J, 19G, J, 21G, J, 22G, J), but granular on segment I in the female, vestigial on I–III, and smooth on IV and V in the male of C. rileyi (figs. 18A, D, 19A, D, 21A, D, 22A, D). The surfaces of the telson vesicle of the female are granular in C. cuauhmapan (figs. 23–25J), but smooth in C. rileyi (figs. 23–25D).
DESCRIPTION: The following description is based on the holotype male, with differences among other material noted in the section on variation.
Coloration: Base color pale yellow, with extensive infuscation, creating mottled or marbled pattern. Carapace with uniformly infuscate marbling, more densely infuscate medially. Pedipalp chela fingers and manus, dorsal and retrolateral intercarinal surfaces with moderately infuscate marbling; prolateral and ventral intercarinal surfaces immaculate. Legs retrolateral surfaces with infuscate marbling; prolateral surfaces pale, immaculate. Tergites with unformly infuscate mottling, pale stripe medially, blackish spots submedially, and distinct, narrow bands laterally. Sternites slightly infuscate posteriorly, with faintly infuscate triangular marking at posterior margin of sternite III, fading to infuscate mottling on sternite VII. Metasomal segments uniformly, faintly marbled; segment V and telson markedly infuscate, noticeably darker than preceding segments.
Carapace: Shape trapezoidal; anterior width four-fifths of posterior width (table 3); anteromedian sulcus moderately deep, oval; posteromedian sulcus shallow anteriorly, deeper posteriorly; carinae moderately developed, comprising small to medium-sized granules (fig. 5C).
Pedipalps: Orthobothriotaxic, Type A; femur dorsal trichobothria with α configuration; pedipalp chela fixed finger, trichobothrium db situated slightly distal to et. Femoral carinae granular; dorsal intercarinal surface moderately granular; pro- and retrolateral intercarinal surfaces each with series of large spiniform granules. Patella carinae granular; prolateral intercarinal surface with eight to 10 large subspiniform granules. Chela manus slightly incrassate; dorsal secondary carina well developed, finely serrate; digital and retrolateral secondary carinae moderately developed, finely crenulate; retrodorsal carina well developed, coarsely crenulate; retroventral carina well developed, finely crenulate; proventral carina moderately developed, comprising few rounded granules; prodorsal carina well developed, coarsely serrate. Fixed and movable fingers each shallowly curved proximally. Fixed finger, median denticle row comprising eight oblique subrows, each flanked by pro- and retrolateral supernumerary denticles. Movable finger, median denticle row with short terminal subrow comprising four denticles preceded by eight oblique subrows, each flanked by pro- and retrolateral supernumerary denticles.
Legs: Leg I length 1.92× greater than carapace length (table 10). Telotarsi ventral surfaces densely covered with short setae; ungues strongly curved.
Pectines: Pectinal plate 1.8× wider than long; posterior margin distinctly rounded; pectinal tooth count 14/14 (♂) (fig. 8C, table 3).
Mesosoma: Tergites width similar to carapace posterior width; I and II slightly narrower (table 3). Pretergites surfaces smooth to finely granular. Posttergites surfaces weakly granular; I–VI with dorsomedian carinae vestigial and reduced to several small granules; VII surface finely granular, dorsomedian and dorsosubmedian carinae present, dorsolateral carinae finely serrate. Sternites III–VI, surfaces smooth; VII surface weakly granular, ventrolateral carinae serrate.
Metasoma: Metasoma length 2.86× mesosoma length (table 3). Segments longer than wide; increasing in length posteriorly, segment V 2× length of I; carinae distinct, granular; intercarinal surfaces sparsely granular (figs. 20–22G).
Telson: Vesicle elongate, ovoid; ventral surface shallowly convex, moderately granular; ventromedian carina granular, terminating at subaculear tubercle; subaculear tubercle narrow and angular in lateral aspect, directed toward midpoint of aculeus. Aculeus angled ventrally at slightly less than 90° (figs. 23–25G).
Variation: Adult males and females differ as follows. The dorsomedian carinae of the pedipalp patella are absent, the pectinal tooth count slightly higher (13 or 14), the mesosoma proportionally longer and slenderer, and the metasoma longer, in males (figs. 28A, B, 29A, B, table 3). The first pair of legs are shorter and stouter, the pectinal tooth count slightly lower (11–13), and the metasomal carinae more developed and finely serrate in females (figs. 8C, D, 17G, J, 18G, J, 19G, J, 20G, J, 21G, J, 22G, J, 23G, J, 24G, J, 25G, J, table 3).
DISTRIBUTION: Centruroides cuauhmapan is endemic to eastern Mexico and recorded from two localities in the state of Veracruz and a third, approximately 200 km south, in the state of Oaxaca (fig. 3).
ECOLOGY: The localities at which C. cuauhmapan has been recorded range in altitude from 74 to 555 m. The habitat at these localities varies from subtropical highland forest to humid subtropical forest. One individual was collected in a coffee plantation in lowland rainforest. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the arboreal, corticolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001a).
REMARKS: Specimens from Córdoba, Veracruz, were misidentified as C. schmidti by Armas and Frías (2008). This species has not been recorded from Mexico.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Município San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec: Cerro del Oro Dam, 17 km from San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, 17°59′55″N 96°15′47.2″W, 74 m, 23.v.1990, E. Barrera and A. Cadena, 1 ♂ (CNAN SC4001). Veracruz: Município Amatlán de los Reyes: Cañada Blanca, 18°55′43.5″N 96°51′26″W, 555 m, 18.vii.2002, E. González, found in coffee plantation in lowland rainforest, collected at night with UV light, 1 ♂ (AMNH [LP 2073]).
description: Published as part of Goodman, Aaron M., Prendini, Lorenzo, Francke, Oscar F. & Esposito, Lauren A., 2021, Systematic Revision Of The Arboreal Neotropical " Thorellii " Clade Of Centruroides Marx, 1890, Bark Scorpions (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) With Descriptions Of Six New Species, pp. 1-93 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (452) on pages 33-41, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.452.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5825896