cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Donor-driven spin relaxation in multi-valley semiconductors
Creators: name: Song, Yang
name: Chalaev, Oleg
name: Dery, Hanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for spin relaxation of electrons due to scattering off the central-cell potential of impurities in silicon. Taking into account the multivalley nature of the conduction band and the violation of translation symmetry, the spin-flip amplitude is dominated by this short-range impurity scattering after which the electron is transferred to a valley on a different axis in $k$-space (the so called $f$-process). These $f$-processes dominate the spin relaxation at all temperatures, where scattering off the impurity central-cell dominate at low temperatures, and scattering with $Σ$-axis phonons at elevated temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, the theory is the first to explain and accurately quantify the empirically-found dependence of spin relaxation on the impurity identity. Accordingly, the new formalism fills a longstanding gap in the spin relaxation theory of $n$-type silicon, and it is valuable for characterization of silicon-based spintronic devices.
description: 4 pages of main text, 7 pages of appendices, 2 Figures
Stabilities of free and complexed human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigens during short- and long-term storage.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: By the standard p24 assay there was a 25 to 27% decrease in free p24 antigen in serum after storage at 4 degrees C over 14 days but no loss at -70 degrees C. There was no loss at either temperature by the immune complex dissociation (ICD) procedure. Furthermore, there was no significant loss of detectable p24 in serum by either the ICD or the standard p24 assay after 700 days of storage at -70 degrees C.
Processing Images from Multiple IACTs in the TAIGA Experiment with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Polyakov, Stanislav
name: Demichev, Andrey
name: Kryukov, Alexander
name: Postnikov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Extensive air showers created by high-energy particles interacting with the Earth atmosphere can be detected using imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The IACT images can be analyzed to distinguish between the events caused by gamma rays and by hadrons and to infer the parameters of the event such as the energy of the primary particle. We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze Monte Carlo-simulated images from the telescopes of the TAIGA experiment. The analysis includes selection of the images corresponding to the showers caused by gamma rays and estimating the energy of the gamma rays. We compare performance of the CNNs using images from a single telescope and the CNNs using images from two telescopes as inputs.
description: In Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on Deep Learning in Computational Physics (DLCP2021), 28-29 June, 2021, Moscow, Russia
Relative entropy in hyperbolic relaxation for balance laws
Creators: name: Miroshnikov, Alexey
name: Trivisa, Konstantina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B35, 76N10

description: We present a general framework for the approximation of systems of hyperbolic balance laws. The novelty of the analysis lies in the construction of suitable relaxation systems and the derivation of a delicate estimate on the relative entropy. We provide a direct proof of convergence in the smooth regime for a wide class of physical systems. We present results for systems arising in materials science, where the presence of source terms presents a number of additional challenges and requires delicate treatment. Our analysis is in the spirit of the framework introduced by Tzavaras [A. Tzavaras, Commun. Math. Sci., 3-2, 2005] for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws.
Jets and Rings in Images of Spinning Black Holes
Creators: name: Papoutsis, Evan
name: Bauböck, Michi
name: Chang, Dominic
name: Gammie, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a "dual cone" model for millimeter wavelength emission near a spinning black hole. The model consists of optically thin, luminous cones of emission, centered on the spin axis, which are meant to represent jet walls. The resulting image is dominated by a thin ring. We first consider the effect of black hole's spin on the image, and show that the dominant effect is to displace the ring perpendicular to the projection of the spin axis on the sky by $2 a_* \sin i + \mathcal{O}(a_*^3)$. This effect is lower order in $a_*$ than changes in the shape and size of the photon ring itself, but is undetectable without a positional reference. We then show that the centerline of the jet can provide a suitable reference: its location is exactly independent of spin if the observer is outside the cone, and nearly independent of spin if the observer is inside the cone. If astrophysical uncertainties can be controlled for, then spin displacement is large enough to be detectable by future space VLBI missions. Finally, we consider ring substructure in the dual cone model and show that features in total intensity are not universal and depend on the cone opening angle.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Are heat shock proteins an important link between type 2 diabetes and alzheimer disease?
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Proteins and peptides

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are growing in prevalence worldwide. The development of T2D increases the risk of AD disease, while AD patients can show glucose imbalance due to an increased insulin resistance. T2D and AD share similar pathological features and underlying mechanisms, including the deposition of amyloidogenic peptides in pancreatic islets (i.e., islet amyloid polypeptide; IAPP) and brain (β-Amyloid; Aβ). Both IAPP and Aβ can undergo misfolding and aggregation and accumulate in the extracellular space of their respective tissues of origin. As a main response to protein misfolding, there is evidence of the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in moderating T2D and AD. HSPs play a pivotal role in cell homeostasis by providing cytoprotection during acute and chronic metabolic stresses. In T2D and AD, intracellular HSP (iHSP) levels are reduced, potentially due to the ability of the cell to export HSPs to the extracellular space (eHSP). The increase in eHSPs can contribute to oxidative damage and is associated with various pro-inflammatory pathways in T2D and AD. Here, we review the role of HSP in moderating T2D and AD, as well as propose that these chaperone proteins are an important link in the relationship between T2D and AD.
Identification of a gravitational arrow of time
Creators: name: Barbour, Julian
name: Koslowski, Tim
name: Mercati, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that special initial conditions must be imposed on any time-symmetric law if its solutions are to exhibit behavior of any kind that defines an `arrow of time'. We show that this is not so. The simplest non-trivial time-symmetric law that can be used to model a dynamically closed universe is the Newtonian $N$-body problem with vanishing total energy and angular momentum. Because of special properties of this system (likely to be shared by any law of the Universe), its typical solutions all divide at a uniquely defined point into two halves. In each a well-defined measure of shape complexity fluctuates but grows irreversibly between rising bounds from that point. Structures that store dynamical information are created as the complexity grows and act as `records'. Each solution can be viewed as having a single past and two distinct futures emerging from it. Any internal observer must be in one half of the solution and will only be aware of the records of one branch and deduce a unique past and future direction from inspection of the available records.
description: To appear in Physical Review Letters
The gas and stellar content of a metal-poor galaxy at $z=8.496$ as revealed by JWST and ALMA
Creators: name: Heintz, K. E.
name: Giménez-Arteaga, C.
name: Fujimoto, S.
name: Brammer, G.
name: Espada, D.
name: Gillman, S.
name: González-López, J.
name: Greve, T. R.
name: Harikane, Y.
name: Hatsukade, B.
name: Knudsen, K. K.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Kohno, K.
name: Kokorev, V.
name: Lee, M. M.
name: Magdis, G. E.
name: Nelson, E. J.
name: Rizzo, F.
name: Sanders, R. L.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Shapley, A. E.
name: Strait, V. B.
name: Toft, S.
name: Valentino, F.
name: van der Wel, A.
name: Vijayan, A. P.
name: Watson, D.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Christiansen, C. R.
name: Wilson, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a joint analysis of the galaxy S04590 at $z=8.496$ based on NIRSpec, NIRCam, and NIRISS observations obtained through as part of Early Release Observations programme of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the far-infrared [CII]-$158μ$m emission line detected by dedicated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the physical properties of S04590 from modelling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) and through the redshifted optical nebular emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec. The best-fit SED model reveals a low-mass ($M_\star = 10^{7.2}-10^{8}\,M_{\odot}$) galaxy with a low oxygen abundance of $12+\log{\rm (O/H)} = 7.16^{+0.10}_{-0.12}$ derived from the strong nebular and auroral emission lines. Assuming that [CII] effectively traces the interstellar medium (ISM), we estimate the total gas mass of the galaxy to be $M_{\rm gas} = (8.0\pm 4.0)\times 10^{8}\,M_\odot$ based on the luminosity and spatial extent of [CII]. This yields an exceptionally high gas fraction, $f_{\rm gas} = M_{\rm gas}/(M_{\rm gas} + M_\star) \gtrsim 90\%$, though still consistent within the range expected for its low metallicity. We further derive the metal mass of the galaxy based on the gas mass and gas-phase metallicity, which we find to be consistent with the expected metal production from Type II supernovae. Finally, we make the first constraints on the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metals (DTM) ratios of galaxies in the epoch of reionization at $z\gtrsim 6$, showing overall low mass ratios of logDGT $<-3.8$ and logDTM $<-0.5$, though consistent with local scaling relations and in particular the local metal-poor galaxy I Zwicky 18. Our analysis highlights the synergy between ALMA and JWST in characterizing the gas, metal, and stellar content of the first generation of galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Renoprotection Induced by Aerobic Training Is Dependent on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Obese Zucker Rats
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cell physiology

description: Aerobic training (AT) promotes several health benefits that may attenuate the progression of obesity associated diabetes. Since AT is an important nitric oxide (NO-) inducer mediating kidney-healthy phenotype, the present study is aimed at investigating the effects of AT on metabolic parameters, morphological, redox balance, inflammatory profile, and vasoactive peptides in the kidney of obese-diabetic Zucker rats receiving L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Forty male Zucker rats (6 wk old) were assigned into four groups (n=10, each): sedentary lean rats (CTL-Lean), sedentary obese rats (CTL-Obese), AT trained obese rats without blocking nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (Obese+AT), and obese-trained with NOS block (Obese+AT+L-NAME). AT groups ran 60 min in the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), five days/wk/8 wk. Obese+AT rats improved glycemic homeostasis, SBP, aerobic capacity, renal mitochondria integrity, redox balance, inflammatory profile (e.g., TNF-α, CRP, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-17a), and molecules related to renal NO- metabolism (klotho/FGF23 axis, vasoactive peptides, renal histology, and reduced proteinuria). However, none of these positive outcomes were observed in CTL-Obese and Obese+AT+L-NAME (p<0.0001) groups. Although Obese+AT+L-NAME lowered BP (compared with CTL-Obese; p<0.0001), renal damage was observed after AT intervention. Furthermore, AT training under conditions of low NO- concentration increased signaling pathways associated with ACE-2/ANG1-7/MASr. We conclude that AT represents an important nonpharmacological intervention to improve kidney function in obese Zucker rats. However, these renal and metabolic benefits promoted by AT are dependent on NO- bioavailability and its underlying regulatory mechanisms.
UNPACKING THE NEXUS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL INJUSTICE AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC.
Creators: name: Ogele,, Eziho Promise
name: Amadi,, Ethel Innocent
Publisher: name: ZAP Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: conflict, democracy, elite, injustice, insecurity

description: The paper examined insecurity emanating from structural injustice and power relations that unethically harm specific groups and jeopardize socioeconomic cum political development in Nigeria. At the demise of military rule in 1999, citizens were wrapped up in democratic dividends predicated on the rule of law, which determines the actions and inactions of the power elite. However, these expectations were far-fetched as the power elite exploited and oppressed the hiopolloi beyond reduction. Consequently, this unfairness has resulted in protracted conflicts in various parts of the country. The expected public good is now a mirage and horrendous to citizens. The non-state actors operating in various parts of the country continuously contended the monopoly of the legitimate use of violence with the Nigerian state. The study adopted the relative deprivation theory and the Theory of Justice as its theoretical construct. The paper relied on a secondary data-gathering technique. The study revealed that structural injustice is to maintain a class structure inherited from the colonist, ethnic chauvinism competition, and corruption, among others. The paper recommends amongst others, effective national dialogue in the country
Detection of Norwalk Virus and Other Genogroup 1 Human Caliciviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody, RecombinantAntigen-Based Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme Immunoassay
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Sera obtained from two groups of adult volunteers infected with Norwalk virus (NV) and two groups of patients involved in two natural outbreaks were tested for NV-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) by use of a monoclonal antibody, recombinant-antigen-based IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA). No NV-reactive IgM was detected in the preinoculation sera of 15 volunteers, and 14 of 15 showed NV-reactive antibodies postinfection with NV. All of the volunteers showed IgG seroconversion to NV. In the outbreak studies, all 9 persons in one outbreak and 19 of 24 in another outbreak had NV-reactive IgM. In the first outbreak, only three of nine seroconverted to NV, which was likely due to late collection of acute-phase sera. In the second outbreak, 21 of 24 showed IgG seroconversion to NV. Sequencing of viruses isolated from five stool samples selected from those in the second outbreak showed that they were human calicivirus (HuCV) genogroup 1 viruses related, but not identical, to NV. In the volunteer studies, NV-reactive IgM was first detected 8 days postinoculation. The time of development of NV-reactive IgM antibodies in natural outbreaks was estimated to be similar to that found in the volunteer studies. Sera from three Hawaii virus-infected volunteers, four Snow Mountain virus patients, and 80 healthy individuals were negative for NV-reactive IgM, indicating test specificity for HuCV genogroup I infections. This capture IgM EIA is suitable for diagnosis of NV and other HuCV genogroup I infections and is especially useful when sera and fecal samples have not been collected early in the course of an outbreak.
Critical exponents for a spin-charge flip symmetric fixed point in 2+1d with massless Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Huffman, Emilie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Hamiltonian picture, free spin-$1/2$ Dirac fermions on a bipartite lattice have an $O(4)$ (spin-charge) symmetry. Here we construct an interacting lattice model with an interaction $V$, which is similar to the Hubbard interaction but preserves the spin-charge flip symmetry. By tuning the coupling $V$, we show that we can study the phase transition between the massless fermion phase at small-$V$ and a massive fermion phase at large-$V$. We construct a fermion bag algorithm to study this phase transition and find evidence for it to be second order. Numerical study shows that the universality class of the transition is different from the one studied earlier involving the Hubbard coupling $U$. Here we obtain some critical exponents using lattices up to $L=48$.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2021)
Der Papst über Fragen der Sozial- und Wirtschaftsordnung, über das Mitbestimmungsrecht und das Arbeitslosenproblem
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 4 Nr. 10 (1949): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 4, Heft 10
Drude weights in one-dimensional systems with a single defect
Creators: name: Takasan, Kazuaki
name: Oshikawa, Masaki
name: Watanabe, Haruki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ballistic transport of a quantum system can be characterized by Drude weight, which quantifies the response of the system to a uniform electric field in the infinitely long timescale. The Drude weight is often discussed in terms of the Kohn formula, which gives the Drude weight by the derivative of the energy eigenvalue of a finite-size system with the periodic boundary condition in terms of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. Recently, the Kohn formula is generalized to nonlinear responses. However, the nonlinear Drude weight determined by the Kohn formula often diverges in the thermodynamic limit. In order to elucidate the issue, in this work we examine a simple example of a one-dimensional tight-binding model in the presence of a single defect at zero temperature. We find that its linear and non-linear Drude weights given by the Kohn formula (i) depend on the Aharonov-Bohm flux and (ii) diverge proportionally to a power of the system size. We argue that the problem can be attributed to different order of limits. The Drude weight according to the Kohn formula (``Kohn--Drude weight'') indicates the response of a finite-size system to an adiabatic insertion of the Aharonov-Bohm flux. While it is a well-defined physical quantity for a finite-size system, its thermodynamic limit does not always describe the ballistic transport of the bulk. The latter should be rather characterized by a ``bulk Drude weight'' defined by taking the thermodynamic limit first before the zero-frequency limit. While the potential issue of the order of limits has been sometimes discussed within the linear response, the discrepancy between the two limits is amplified in nonlinear Drude weights. We demonstrate the importance of the low-energy excitations of $O(1/L)$, which are excluded from the Kohn--Drude weight, in regularizing the bulk Drude weight.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures. This work supersedes our previous submission arXiv:2105.11378 with major revisions and substantial new results
Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of l-glutamine and l-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Endocrinology

description: We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4 % solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, specific IL (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-κB activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P<0·05 v. sedentary group). However, l-glutamine supplements (l-alanine plus l-glutamine (GLN+ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-κB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral l-glutamine treatment (given with l-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.
Знатная вдова в средневековой Скандинавии и на Руси: матримониальные стратегии и легенды власти
Creators: name: Литвина Анна Феликсовна
name: Успенский Федор Борисович
Publisher: name: Палеоросия. Древняя Русь во времени, в личностях, в идеях
Year: 2014
Subjects: СКАНДИНАВИЯ
SCANDINAVIA
КИЕВСКАЯ РУСЬ
KIEVAN RUS''
СВОЙСТВО
КРОВНОЕ РОДСТВО
CONSANGUINITY
ЛЕВИРАТНЫЙ БРАК
LEVIRATE MARRIAGE
КНЯЗЬ
PRINCE
КОНУНГ
AFFINITY
KONUNG

description: Скандинавия и Русь, весьма близкие друг другу в том, что касается семейно-родового и династического обихода, кардиналь-но различаются в вопросах брака, если речь идет о кровном родстве или свойстве. Так, женитьба на вдове недавно правившего государя была чрезвычайно мощным и политически эффективным ходом, к которому в Скандинавии прибегали чрезвычайно охотно. В то же время русскому князю нельзя было жениться на той, кто уже побывала русской княгиней. Отталкиваясь от сюжета с «сыном от двою отцу» Святополком Окаянным, делается вывод, что данный матримониальный запрет основан на интуитивном отторжении идеи левиратного брака как брака, разрешенного дохристианским «законом». Abstract: Scandinavia and Russia are very close to each other in regard to the tribal and dynastic practice, but fundamentally different in matters of marriage, when it comes to consanguinity or affinity. Marriage to a widow recently ruled sovereign was extremely powerful and politically effective way, which in Scandinavia resorted extremely gladly. At the same time, the Russian prince could not marry the one who has already been a Russian princess. Proceeding from the story with a "son of the two fathers" Svyatopolk Damned, it is concluded that the matrimonial ban is based on an intuitive rejection of the idea of marriage as a levirate marriage, allowed pre-Christian "law".
PHANGS-JWST First Results: A Global and Moderately Resolved View of Mid-Infrared and CO Line Emission from Galaxies at the Start of the JWST Era
Creators: name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Bolatto, Alberto D.
name: Sandstrom, Karin
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Barnes, Ashley. T.
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Boquien, Médéric
name: Brok, Jakob S. den
name: Cao, Yixian
name: Chastenet, Jérémy
name: Chevance, Mélanie
name: Chiang, I-Da
name: Chown, Ryan
name: Colombo, Dario
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Henshaw, Jonathan D.
name: Hughes, Annie
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Koch, Eric W.
name: Kim, Jaeyeon
name: Kreckel, Kathryn
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Larson, Kirsten L.
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Levy, Rebecca C.
name: Lin, Lihwai
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Meidt, Sharon E.
name: Pety, Jérôme
name: Querejeta, Miguel
name: Rubio, Mónica.
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Salim, Samir
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Sormani, Mattia C.
name: Sun, Jiayi
name: Thilker, David A.
name: Usero, Antonio
name: Watkins, Stuart N. Vogel Elizabeth J.
name: Whitcomb, Cory M.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
name: Wilson, Christine D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relationship between mid-infrared (mid-IR) and CO rotational line emission from massive star-forming galaxies, which is one of the tightest scalings in the local universe. We assemble a large set of unresolved and moderately ($\sim 1$ kpc) spatially resolved measurements of CO (1-0) and CO (2-1) intensity, $I_{\rm CO}$, and mid-IR intensity, $I_{\rm MIR}$, at 8, 12, 22, and 24$μ$m. The $I_{\rm CO}$ vs. $I_{\rm MIR}$ relationship is reasonably described by a power law with slopes $0.7{-}1.2$ and normalization $I_{\rm CO} \sim 1$ K km s$^{-1}$ at $I_{\rm MIR} \sim 1$ MJy sr$^{-1}$. Both the slopes and intercepts vary systematically with choice of line and band. The comparison between the relations measured for CO~(1-0) and CO (2-1) allow us to infer that $R_{21} \propto I_{\rm MIR}^{0.2}$, in good agreement with other work. The $8μ$m and $12μ$m bands, with strong PAH features, show steeper CO vs. mid-IR slopes than the $22μ$m and $24μ$m, consistent with PAH emission arising not just from CO-bright gas but also from atomic or CO-dark gas. The CO-to-mid-IR ratio correlates with global galaxy stellar mass ($M_\star$) and anti-correlates with SFR/$M_\star$. At $\sim 1$ kpc resolution, the first four PHANGS-JWST targets show CO to mid-IR relationships that are quantitatively similar to our larger literature sample, including showing the steep CO-to-mid-IR slopes for the JWST PAH-tracing bands, although we caution that these initial data have a small sample size and span a limited range of intensities.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, key quantitative results in Table 3, Accepted as part of a PHANGS-JWST Focus Issue to appear in ApJ
Shell structure of potassium isotopes deduced from their magnetic moments
Creators: name: Papuga, J.
name: Bissell, M. L.
name: Kreim, K.
name: Barbieri, C.
name: Blaum, K.
name: De Rydt, M.
name: Duguet, T.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Heylen, H.
name: Kowalska, M.
name: Neugart, R.
name: Neyens, G.
name: Nortershauser, W.
name: Rajabali, M. M.
name: Sanchez, R.
name: Smirnova, N.
name: Soma, V.
name: Yordanov, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: \item[Background] Ground-state spins and magnetic moments are sensitive to the nuclear wave function, thus they are powerful probes to study the nuclear structure of isotopes far from stability. \item[Purpose] Extend our knowledge about the evolution of the $1/2^+$ and $3/2^+$ states for K isotopes beyond the $N = 28$ shell gap. \item[Method] High-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy on bunched atomic beams. \item[Results] From measured hyperfine structure spectra of K isotopes, nuclear spins and magnetic moments of the ground states were obtained for isotopes from $N = 19$ up to $N = 32$. In order to draw conclusions about the composition of the wave functions and the occupation of the levels, the experimental data were compared to shell-model calculations using SDPF-NR and SDPF-U effective interactions. In addition, a detailed discussion about the evolution of the gap between proton $1d_{3/2}$ and $2s_{1/2}$ in the shell model and {\it{ab initio}} framework is also presented. \item[Conclusions] The dominant component of the wave function for the odd-$A$ isotopes up to $^{45}$K is a $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ hole. For $^{47,49}$K, the main component originates from a $π2s_{1/2}^{-1}$ hole configuration and it inverts back to the $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ in $^{51}$K. For all even-$A$ isotopes, the dominant configuration arises from a $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ hole coupled to a neutron in the $ν1f_{7/2}$ or $ν2p_{3/2}$ orbitals. Only for $^{48}$K, a significant amount of mixing with $π2s_{1/2}^{-1} \otimes ν(pf)$ is observed leading to a $I^π=1^{-}$ ground state. For $^{50}$K, the ground-state spin-parity is $0^-$ with leading configuration $π1d_{3/2}^{-1} \otimes ν2p_{3/2}^{-1}$.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables
Capture of Dark Matter in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Busoni, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme conditions in Neutron Stars make them ideal test facilities for fundamental interactions. A Neutron Star can capture Dark Matter via scattering. As a result of the scattering, Dark Matter kinetic energy is transferred to the star. An observational consequence of this can be the warming of old neutron stars to near-infrared temperatures. Different approximations or simplifications have been applied to previous analyses of the capture process. In this article, we summarise a significantly improved treatment of Dark Matter capture, which properly accounts for all relevant physical effects over a wide range of Dark Matter masses. Among them are gravitational focusing, a fully relativistic scattering treatment, Pauli blocking, neutron star opacity and multiple scattering effects. This paper cites general expressions that allow the capture rate to be computed numerically, and simplified expressions for particular types of interactions or mass regimes, which greatly increase the efficiency of computation. As a result of our method, we are able to model the scattering of Dark Matter from any neutron star constituent as well as the capture of Dark Matter in other compact objects. Our results are applied to scattering of Dark Matter from neutrons, protons, leptons and exotic baryons.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Quantization of a Particle on a Two-Dimensional Manifold of Constant Curvature
Creators: name: Bracken, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formulation of quantum mechanics on spaces of constant curvature is studied. It is shown how a transition from a classical system to the quantum case can be accomplished by the quantization of the Noether momenta. These can be determined by Lie differentiation of the metric which defines the manifold. For the metric examined here, it is found that the resulting Schrodinger equation is separable and the spectrum and eigenfunctions can be investigated in detail.
Control of optical properties of hybrid materials with chirped femtosecond laser pulses under strong coupling conditions
Creators: name: Sukharev, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of chirped femtosecond laser pulses with hybrid materials - materials comprised of plasmon sustaining structures and resonant molecules - is scrutinized using a self-consistent model of coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations. The optical properties of such systems are examined with the example of periodic sinusoidal gratings. It is shown that under strong coupling conditions one can control light transmission using chirped pulses in a spatiotemporal manner. The temporal origin of control relies on chirps non-symmetric in time while the space control is achieved via spatial localization of electromagnetic energy due to plasmon resonances.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, to be submitted to JCP
Tuning Pythia for Forward Physics Experiments
Creators: name: Fieg, Max
name: Kling, Felix
name: Schulz, Holger
name: Sjöstrand, Torbjörn
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: particle, spectrum
photon, spectrum
CERN LHC Coll
Monte Carlo
LHC-F
flux
hadronization
rapidity
central region

description: Event generators like Pythia play an important role in physics studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While they make accurate predictions in the central region, i.e. at pseudorapidities $\eta<5$, a disagreement between Pythia and measurements in the forward region, $\eta>7$, has been observed. We introduce a dedicated forward physics tune for the Pythia event generator to be used for forward physics studies at the LHC, which uses a more flexible modelling of beam remnant hadronization and is tuned to available particle spectra measured by LHCf. Furthermore, we provide an uncertainty estimate on the new tune in a data-driven way which can be used as a means of flux uncertainty for future forward physics studies. We demonstrate an application of our tune by showing the updated neutrino and dark photon spectra at the FASER experiment.
Wave-packet Dynamics in Synthetic Non-Abelian Gauge Fields
Creators: name: Hasan, Mehedi
name: Madasu, Chetan Sriram
name: Rathod, Ketan D.
name: Kwong, Chang Chi
name: Miniatura, Christian
name: Chevy, Frederic
name: Wilkowski, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally admitted that in quantum mechanics, the electromagnetic potentials have physical interpretations otherwise absent in classical physics as illustrated by the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In 1984, Berry interpreted this effect as a geometrical phase factor. The same year, Wilczek and Zee generalized the concept of Berry phases to degenerate levels and showed that a non-Abelian gauge field arises in these systems. In sharp contrast with the Abelian case, spatially uniform non-Abelian gauge fields can induce particle noninertial motion. We explore this intriguing phenomenon with a degenerated Fermionic atomic gas subject to a two-dimensional synthetic SU(2) non-Abelian gauge field. We reveal the spin Hall nature of the noninertial dynamic as well as its anisotropy in amplitude and frequency due to the spin texture of the system. We finally draw the similarities and differences of the observed wave packet dynamic and the celebrated Zitterbewegung effect of the relativistic Dirac equation.
description: Published version: 6 pages of main text with 4 figures; 5 pages of supplementary information with 1 figure
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the indigenous i pig (Sus scrofa) in Vietnam
Creators: name: Bui, Anh Tuan
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Epigenetics (incl. genome methylation and epigenomics)

description: Objective: The I pig is a long nurtured longstanding breed in Vietnam, and contains excellent indigenous genetic resources. However, after 1970s, I pig breeds have become a small population because of decreasing farming areas and increasing pressure from foreign breeds with a high growth rate. Thus, there is now the risk of the disappearance of the I pigs breed. The aim of this study was to focus on classifying and identifying the I pig genetic origin and supplying molecular makers for conservation activities. Methods: This study sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome and used the sequencing result to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of I pig with Asian and European domestic pigs and wild boars. The full sequence was annotated and predicted the secondary tRNA. Results: The total length of I pig mitochondrial genome (accession number KX094894) was 16,731 base pairs, comprised two rRNA (12S and 16S), 22 tRNA and 13 mRNA genes. The annotation structures were not different from other pig breeds. Some component indexes as AT content, GC, and AT skew were counted, in which AT content (60.09%) was smaller than other pigs. We built the phylogenetic trees from full sequence and D loop sequence using Bayesian method. The result showed that I pig, Banna mini, wild boar (WB) Vietnam and WB Hainan or WB Korea, WB Japan were a cluster. They were a group within the Asian clade distinct from Chinese pigs and other Asian breeds in both phylogenetic trees (0.0004 and 0.0057, respectively). Conclusion: These results were similar to previous phylogenic study in Vietnamese pig and showed the genetic distinctness of I pig with other Asian domestic pigs.
Towards Safe Multi-Task Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Lübsen, Jannis
name: Hespe, Christian
name: Eichler, Annika
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023

description: Bayesian optimization has emerged as a highly effective tool for the safe online optimization of systems, due to its high sample efficiency and noise robustness. To further enhance its efficiency, reduced physical models of the system can be incorporated into the optimization process, accelerating it. These models are able to offer an approximation of the actual system, and evaluating them is significantly cheaper. The similarity between the model and reality is represented by additional hyperparameters, which are learned within the optimization process. Safety is a crucial criterion for online optimization methods such as Bayesian optimization, which has been addressed by recent works that provide safety guarantees under the assumption of known hyperparameters. In practice, however, this does not apply. Therefore, we extend the robust Gaussian process uniform error bounds to meet the multi-task setting, which involves the calculation of a confidence region from the hyperparameter posterior distribution utilizing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Subsequently, the robust safety bounds are employed to facilitate the safe optimization of the system, while incorporating measurements of the models. Simulation results indicate that the optimization can be significantly accelerated for expensive to evaluate functions in comparison to other state-of-the-art safe Bayesian optimization methods, contingent on the fidelity of the models.
The abundance of $z \gtrsim 10$ galaxy candidates in the HUDF using deep JWST NIRCam medium-band imaging
Creators: name: Donnan, C. T.
name: McLeod, D. J.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Carnall, A. C.
name: Cullen, F.
name: Magee, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilise JWST NIRCam medium-band imaging to search for extreme redshift ($z \geq 9.5$) galaxy candidates in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) and the additional pointing within the GOODS-South field provided by the second NIRCam module. Our search reveals 6 robust candidates, 3 of which have recently been spectroscopically confirmed. One of these 3 is the previously controversial $z \simeq 12$ galaxy candidate UDF-22980 which is now detected in five JWST NIRCam medium-band filters (F182M, F210M, F430M, F460M and F480M), efficiently excluding alternative low-redshift solutions and allowing us to now report a secure photometric redshift of $z = 11.6 \pm 0.2$. We also detect 2 galaxies at $z \geq 12.5$ including a newly-detected candidate in the imaging provided by the second NIRCam module (south-west of the HUDF) at $z = 12.6 \pm 0.6$. We determine the physical properties of the 6 galaxies by fitting the 14-band photometry with Bagpipes. We find stellar masses of $\log(M_{\star}/{\rm {M_{\odot}}}) \simeq 7.5 - 8.7$ and star-formation rates of $\log(\rm{SFR}/M_{\odot}^{-1} \rm{yr}^{-1}) \simeq 0.3 - 5.0$. Despite the relatively small cosmological volume covered by the HUDF itself and the second NIRCam module imaging, we find that the existence of these galaxies is fully consistent with the latest measurements of both the UV luminosity function and cosmic star-formation rate density at $z\simeq11$, supporting a gradual steady decline in the cosmic star-formation rate density out to at least $z\simeq15$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Confined monolayer Ag as a large gap 2D semiconductor and its momentum resolved excited states
Creators: name: Lee, Woojoo
name: Wang, Yuanxi
name: Qin, Wei
name: Kim, Hyunsue
name: Liu, Mengke
name: Nunley, T. Nathan
name: Fang, Bin
name: Maniyara, Rinu
name: Dong, Chengye
name: Robinson, Joshua A.
name: Crespi, Vincent
name: Li, Xiaoqin
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
name: Shih, Chih-Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D materials have intriguing quantum phenomena that are distinctively different from their bulk counterparts. Recently, epitaxially synthesized wafer-scale 2D metals, composed of elemental atoms, are attracting attention not only for their potential applications but also for exotic quantum effects such as superconductivity. By mapping momentum-resolved electronic states using time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we reveal that monolayer Ag confined between bilayer graphene and SiC is a large gap (> 1 eV) 2D semiconductor, consistent with GW-corrected density functional theory. The measured valence band dispersion matches the DFT-GW quasiparticle band. However, the conduction band dispersion shows an anomalously large effective mass of 2.4 m0. Possible mechanisms for this large enhancement in the apparent mass are discussed.
Motion-induced signal revival in pulsed Rydberg four-wave mixing beyond the frozen gas limit
Creators: name: Huber, B.
name: Kölle, A.
name: Pfau, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements on pulsed four-wave mixing involving a Rydberg state in an atomic vapor cell. The excitation to the Rydberg state is conducted by a pulsed two-photon excitation on the nanosecond timescale that is combined with a third CW laser in phase-matched geometry yielding light emission on the same timescale. An additional signal peak is observed shortly after the pulse that can be attributed to a revival of constructive interference between different velocity classes of the radiating atomic dipoles. Furthermore we investigate the density dependence of the four-wave mixing signal. From the shape of the respective curve we are able to confirm energy and momentum conservation in the photonic part of the system.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
New chemical topologies based on calixarene threading
Creators: name: Ciao, Roberta
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: CHIM/06 CHIMICA ORGANICA
subject: Calixareni

description: 2012 - 2013
description: Recently, Neri et al. have introduced an efficient method to obtain endo-cavity complexation and through-the-annulus threading of large calixarenes by exploiting the inducing effect of the weakly coordinating tetrakis[3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB-) anion. The corresponding calix[6]-arene/dialkylammonium pair can be considered a versatile recognition motif, which can be used for the construction of a large variety of calixarene-threaded architectures. This Ph. D. thesis deals with the exploration of the stereochemical features of the threading of hosts containing multiple cavities. Therefore, the synthesis of double- and triple-calixarenes is reported, which is followed by the subsequent study of their threading abilities with dialkylammonium axles.The results confirmed the now well-known endo-alkyl rule of calix[6]arenes that give the inclusion of alkyl chains inside the calix-cavity. On this basis, we were then able to build new attractive chemical topologies. In particular, doubly-threaded pseudo[3]rotaxane structures have been obtained by the threading of double-calixarene hosts with mono-ammonium axles. The subsequent extention to triple-calixarene hosts, in which three macrocycles are covalently linked to one another by means of an appropriate spacer, gave triply-threaded pseudo[4]rotaxane structures. Because of the three-dimensional nonsymmetrical nature of the calix[6]arene wheels, by threading double-calixarene hosts with bis-ammonium axles three examples of beautiful stereoisomeric calixarene-based handcuff rotaxanes were obtained, which could be termed as head-to-head (H,H), head-to-tail (H,T), and tail-to-tail (T,T). On the basis of these results, it is conceivable that the extension of this approach could lead to novel mechanically interlocked architectures with high-order topologies. [edited by Author]
Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma by Using Blood Dried on Filter Paper
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: We compared whole blood dried on filter paper to the standard assay with frozen cell-free plasma for use in the quantitation of the human immunodeficiency virus RNA load in blood. RNA values from filter paper, corrected for the hematocrit, gave results comparable to those of the standard assay in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility.
Stocktake of Australasian Psychiatry’s training resources
Creators: name: Bui, Anh Tuan
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Psychiatry (incl. psychotherapy)

description: Objective: To identify all past publications from Australasian Psychiatry with subject matter particularly relevant for trainees. The results of such a search could then be collated into an easily accessible resource available to trainees and their supervisors. Method: An electronic search of the journal’s back catalogue was conducted. Results: Eighty-seven articles published on subjects particularly relevant for trainees were discovered from within Australasian Psychiatry. In particular, multiple useful resources were identified on the topics of the scholarly project and formulation skills. Conclusions: Australasian Psychiatry has published a wealth of literature that is likely to be of significant benefit for trainees as they work their way through the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists training programme.