cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large scale atomistic simulations of nanocrystalline Iron formation and its irradiation performance
Creators: name: Tolkachev, Ivan
name: Ma, Pui-Wai
name: Mason, Daniel
name: Boleininger, Max
name: Hofmann, Felix
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Nanomaterials
nuclear materials
molecular dynamics
ARCHER2

description: Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM)steels are candidate materials for the construction of the first wall and breeding blanket in future nuclear fusion reactors. These materials will be subjected to 14.1MeV neutrons that can penetrate the material lattice and displace atoms from their positions causing damage within the material. The resulting defects can accumulate and cause changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of the material. It is important to study the effects of irradiation on iron, and how to improve material performance in this extreme environment. Nanocrystalline materials have previously been considered for use in reactor environments due to their high grain boundary density, which could act as a “sink” for irradiation defects. In this poster, we present a method of grain refinement through severe plastic deformation. We used the molecular dynamics code LAMMPS on ARCHER2 to apply shear strain to initially pristine Fe samples and observed the creation of nanocrystalline material due to the formation of a disordered atomic state and subsequent recrystallisation. We also present the initial results of collision cascade simulations, where the nanocrystalline material is subsequently irradiated. Based on our results, we can gain fundamental insight into the mechanisms that control the formation of nanocrystalline materials, and how they are subsequently altered by irradiation. This is essential information for the targeted development of next generation, high radiation-resistant steels.
Striga asiatica Kuntze 1891
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Orobanchaceae
Striga
Striga asiatica

description: Buchnera asiatica Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 630. 1753.
"Habitat in Zeylona, China." RCN: 4577.
 Lectotype (Hepper in Rhodora 76: 46. 1974): Torén, Herb. Linn. No. 790.10, branched specimen (LINN).
 Current name: Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze (Scrophulariaceae).
 Note: Hepper argued that 790.10 (LINN) was collected by Torén in the Comores in 1750 (it is annotated "Ins. Johan."). Saldanha (in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 67-68. 1963) reviewed earlier use of the name and concluded that, as it had been applied to several species, it should be rejected under (the then) Art. 69. Cramer (in Dassanayake & Fosberg, Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 400. 1981) also treated the name as ambiguous. However, Musselman & Hepper (in Kew Bull. 41: 207. 1986; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: 44. 1988) accept S. asiatica, as do many other authors.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Streaming Architecture for Large-Scale Quantized Neural Networks on an FPGA-Based Dataflow Platform
Creators: name: Baskin, Chaim
name: Liss, Natan
name: Zheltonozhskii, Evgenii
name: Bronshtein, Alex M.
name: Mendelson, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are used by different applications that are executed on a range of computer architectures, from IoT devices to supercomputers. The footprint of these networks is huge as well as their computational and communication needs. In order to ease the pressure on resources, research indicates that in many cases a low precision representation (1-2 bit per parameter) of weights and other parameters can achieve similar accuracy while requiring less resources. Using quantized values enables the use of FPGAs to run NNs, since FPGAs are well fitted to these primitives; e.g., FPGAs provide efficient support for bitwise operations and can work with arbitrary-precision representation of numbers. This paper presents a new streaming architecture for running QNNs on FPGAs. The proposed architecture scales out better than alternatives, allowing us to take advantage of systems with multiple FPGAs. We also included support for skip connections, that are used in state-of-the art NNs, and shown that our architecture allows to add those connections almost for free. All this allowed us to implement an 18-layer ResNet for 224x224 images classification, achieving 57.5% top-1 accuracy. In addition, we implemented a full-sized quantized AlexNet. In contrast to previous works, we use 2-bit activations instead of 1-bit ones, which improves AlexNet's top-1 accuracy from 41.8% to 51.03% for the ImageNet classification. Both AlexNet and ResNet can handle 1000-class real-time classification on an FPGA. Our implementation of ResNet-18 consumes 5x less power and is 4x slower for ImageNet, when compared to the same NN on the latest Nvidia GPUs. Smaller NNs, that fit a single FPGA, are running faster then on GPUs on small (32x32) inputs, while consuming up to 20x less energy and power.
description: Will appear in RAW 2018
An in-depth analysis of the variable cyclotron lines in GX 301$-$2
Creators: name: Zalot, Nicolas
name: Sokolova-Lapa, Ekaterina
name: Stierhof, Jakob
name: Ballhausen, Ralf
name: Zainab, Aafia
name: Pottschmidt, Katja
name: Fürst, Felix
name: Thalhammer, Philipp
name: Islam, Nazma
name: Diez, Camille M.
name: Kretschmar, Peter
name: Berger, Katrin
name: Rothschild, Richard
name: Malacaria, Christian
name: Pradhan, Pragati
name: Wilms, Jörn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

description: Context. The High-Mass X-ray Binary (HMXB) system GX 301$-$2 is a persistent source with a well-known variable cyclotron line centered at 35 keV. Recently, a second cyclotron line at 50 keV has been reported with a presumably different behavior than the 35 keV line. Aims. We investigate the presence of the newly discovered cyclotron line in the phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra at higher luminosities than before. We further aim to determine the pulse-phase variability of both lines. Methods. We analyze a NuSTAR observation of GX 301$-$2 covering the pre-periastron flare, where the source luminosity reached its peak of ${\sim} 4 \times 10^{37}\,\mathrm{erg}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ in the 5-50 keV range. We analyze the phase-averaged spectra in the NuSTAR energy range from 3.5-79 keV for both the complete observation and three time segments of it. We further analyze the phase-resolved spectra and the pulse-phase variability of continuum and cyclotron line parameters. Results. We confirm that the description of the phase-averaged spectrum requires a second absorption feature at $51.5^{+1.1}_{-1.0}$ keV besides the established line at 35 keV. The statistical significance of this feature in the phase-averaged spectrum is $>99.999\%$. We further find that the 50 keV cyclotron line is present in three of eight phase bins. Conclusions. Based on the results of our analysis, we confirm that the detected absorption feature is very likely to be a cyclotron line. We discuss a variety of physical scenarios which could explain the proposed anharmonicity, but also outline circumstances under which the lines are harmonically related. We further present the cyclotron line history of GX 301$-$2 and evaluate concordance among each other. We also discuss an alternative spectral model including cyclotron line emission wings.
Dimensional flow and fuzziness in quantum gravity: emergence of stochastic spacetime
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Ronco, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the uncertainty in distance and time measurements found by the heuristic combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity is reproduced in a purely classical and flat multi-fractal spacetime whose geometry changes with the probed scale (dimensional flow) and has non-zero imaginary dimension, corresponding to a discrete scale invariance at short distances. Thus, dimensional flow can manifest itself as an intrinsic measurement uncertainty and, conversely, measurement-uncertainty estimates are generally valid because they rely on this universal property of quantum geometries. These general results affect multi-fractional theories, a recent proposal related to quantum gravity, in two ways: they can fix two parameters previously left free (in particular, the value of the spacetime dimension at short scales) and point towards a reinterpretation of the ultraviolet structure of geometry as a stochastic foam or fuzziness. This is also confirmed by a correspondence we establish between Nottale scale relativity and the stochastic geometry of multi-fractional models.
description: 25 pages. v2: minor typos corrected, references added
Glandularia canadensis Nutt.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Verbenaceae
Glandularia
Glandularia canadensis

description: Buchnera canadensis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2: 421; Mantissa Plantarum: 88. 1767.
"Habitat in Virginia." RCN: 4575.
 Lectotype (Moldenke in Phytologia 8: 468. 1963): Herb. Linn. No. 790.7 (LINN).
 Current name: Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. (Verbenaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 1: of Targeted sequencing reveals complex, phenotype-correlated genotypes in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Ivanov, Maxim
name: Matsvay, Alina
name: Glazova, Olga
name: Krasovskiy, Stanislav
name: Usacheva, Mariya
name: Amelina, Elena
name: Chernyak, Aleksandr
name: Ivanov, Mikhail
name: Musienko, Sergey
name: Prodanov, Timofey
name: Kovalenko, Sergey
name: Ancha Baranova
name: Khafizov, Kamil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary methods. Primer trimming during NGS data pre-processing. (DOCX 18Â kb)
Back reaction of the gravitational radiation on the metric of spacetime
Creators: name: Grib, A. A.
name: Pavlov, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of back reaction of the gravitational radiation of the two merging black holes on the metric of the spacetime is investigated. It is shown for some models that large energy density of the gravitational waves close to the merger can lead to the disappearance of the visible accretion disc of the merged pair of black holes.
description: 9 pages, no figures. New version matches the published version, includes adding references and corrections mainly in section 4
Emission Noise in an Interacting Quantum Dot: Role of Inelastic Scattering and Asymmetric Coupling to the Reservoirs
Creators: name: Crépieux, A.
name: Sahoo, S.
name: Duong, T. Q.
name: Zamoum, R.
name: Lavagna, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory is developed for the emission noise at frequency $ν$ in a quantum dot in the presence of Coulomb interactions and asymmetric couplings to the reservoirs. We give an analytical expression for the noise in terms of the various transmission amplitudes. Including inelastic scattering contribution, it can be seen as the analog of the Meir-Wingreen formula for the current. A physical interpretation is given on the basis of the transmission of one electron-hole pair to the concerned reservoir where it emits an energy after recombination. We then treat the interactions by solving the self-consistent equations of motion for the Green functions. The results for the noise derivative versus $eV$ show a zero value until $eV = hν$, followed by a Kondo peak in the Kondo regime, in good agreement with recent measurements in carbon nanotube quantum dots.
description: 6 pages + SM, 4 figures
Polycarena capensis Benth.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Scrophulariaceae
Polycarena
Polycarena capensis

description: Buchnera capensis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2: 421; Mantissa Plantarum: 88. 1767.
"Habitat ad Cap. b. spei." RCN: 4576.
 Lectotype (Hilliard, Manuleae, Tribe Scrophulariaceae: 402. 1994): Burman s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 790.9 (LINN).
 Current name: Polycarena capensis (L.) Benth. (Scrophulariaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
The Infrared Physics of Bad Theories
Creators: name: Assel, Benjamin
name: Cremonesi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the complete moduli space of vacua of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ $U(N)$ SQCD theories with $N_f$ fundamentals, building on the algebraic description of the Coulomb branch, and deduce the low energy physics in any vacuum from the local geometry of the moduli space. We confirm previous claims for good and ugly SQCD theories, and show that bad theories flow to the same interacting fixed points as good theories with additional free twisted hypermultiplets. A Seiberg-like duality proposed for bad theories with $N \le N_f \le 2N-2$ is ruled out: the spaces of vacua of the putative dual theories are different. However such bad theories have a distinguished vacuum, which preserves all the global symmetries, whose infrared physics is that of the proposed dual. We finally explain previous results on sphere partition functions and elucidate the relation between the UV and IR $R$-symmetry in this symmetric vacuum.
description: 40 pages + appendices; v2: reference added, massive vacua discussed in section 4.4; v3: imprecision corrected in section 2.4
Constraints from thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts and power spectrum combined with CMB
Creators: name: Salvati, Laura
name: Douspis, Marian
name: Aghanim, Nabila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect is one of the recent probes of cosmology and large scale structures. We update constraints on cosmological parameters from galaxy clusters observed by the Planck satellite in a first attempt to combine cluster number counts and power spectrum of hot gas, using the new value of the optical depth, and sampling at the same time on cosmological and scaling-relation parameters. We find that in the $Λ$CDM model, the addition of tSZ power spectrum provides only small improvements with respect to number counts only, leading to the $68\%$ c.l. constraints $Ω_m = 0.32 \pm 0.02$, $σ_8 = 0.77\pm0.03 $ and $σ_8 (Ω_m/0.3)^{1/3}= 0.78\pm0.03$ and lowering the discrepancy with CMB primary anisotropies results (updated with the new value of $τ$) to $\simeq 1.6\, σ$ on $σ_8$. We analyse extensions to standard model, considering the effect of massive neutrinos and varying the equation of state parameter for dark energy. In the first case, we find that the addition of tSZ power spectrum helps in strongly improving cosmological constraints with respect to number counts only results, leading to the $95\%$ upper limit $\sum m_ν< 1.53 \, \text{eV}$. For the varying dark energy EoS scenario, we find again no important improvements when adding tSZ power spectrum, but still the combination of tSZ probes is able in providing constraints, producing $w = -1.0\pm 0.2$. In all cosmological scenari the mass bias to reconcile CMB and tSZ probes remains low: $(1-b)\lesssim 0.66$ as compared to estimates from weak lensing and Xray mass estimate comparisons or numerical simulations.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Design Economies_A4_JLumsden.pdf
Creators: name: Jurate Julia Lumsden
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120302 Design Innovation
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: ArtTech Startup/Website/App
On the Resiliency of Protected Masked S-Boxes Against Template Attack in the Presence of Temperature and Aging Misalignments
Creators: name: Anik, Md Toufiq Hasan
name: Danger, Jean-Luc
name: Guilley, Sylvain
name: Karimi, Naghmeh
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024
Subjects: Temperature sensors
Aging
Common criteria
Costs
impact of aging
innate protection against aging
masking at hardware-level
maximum likelihood distinguisher
PRESENT
Resilience
resistance to side-channel analysis (SCA)
S-Box
Silicon
Temperature
Temperature measurement
template attack

description: Profiling side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks have received a lot of attention in the recent years. To perpetrate these attacks, the adversary creates a profile of a sensitive device at her disposal, and uses it to model a target device with a similar implementation to extract its key. Template attacks are recognized to be the most powerful profiling attacks when the measurement noise is Gaussian. To tackle SCA attacks, different countermeasures have been proposed in the literature, among which masking schemes have received the utmost attention. By adding randomness to the circuit, masking schemes prevent the adversary from relating the power consumption to the evaluated data, thus making the attack more difficult. In this article, we study the protection provided by several masking schemes against template attacks. More precisely, we investigate how the success of the template attack is changed when there is a misalignment between the target and profiling devices in terms of temperature and process variations. As another innovative analysis angle, we extensively study the impact of device aging on the template attack and demonstrate quantitatively how aging misalignments in side-channel traces, between the profiling and the target devices, do hinder the attack. The main objective of this study is to get accurate and numerous results allowing the designer to compare different implementations of masking and accordingly choose one which corresponds to the best compromise among complexity, security, and sensitivity to temperature and aging. We target the S-Box module of the unprotected PRESENT cipher along with its five masking variants including global lookup table (GLUT), rotating S-Box masking (referred to as RSM-LOG hereafter), RSM with read-only memory (RSM-ROM), Ishai–Sahai–Wagner masking (ISW), and threshold implementation (TI). The unprotected circuit gets impacted by such aging misalignments with \approx 12.5% increase in the number of traces needed to reach 80% success rate (SR) in the course of 20 weeks of aging at 105 \circ C. Such increase is 23.3%, 37.19%, and 38.24% for ISW, GLUT, and RSM-LOG, respectively. For RSM-ROM such increase is 193.37% for ten weeks of aging. Interestingly, TI is not much affected by aging in this regard.
Maximum and minimum entropy states yielding local continuity bounds
Creators: name: Hanson, Eric P.
name: Datta, Nilanjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given an arbitrary quantum state ($σ$), we obtain an explicit construction of a state $ρ^*_\varepsilon(σ)$ (resp. $ρ_{*,\varepsilon}(σ)$) which has the maximum (resp. minimum) entropy among all states which lie in a specified neighbourhood ($\varepsilon$-ball) of $σ$. Computing the entropy of these states leads to a local strengthening of the continuity bound of the von Neumann entropy, i.e., the Audenaert-Fannes inequality. Our bound is local in the sense that it depends on the spectrum of $σ$. The states $ρ^*_\varepsilon(σ)$ and $ρ_{*,\varepsilon}(σ)$ depend only on the geometry of the $\varepsilon$-ball and are in fact optimizers for a larger class of entropies. These include the Rényi entropy and the min- and max- entropies. This allows us to obtain local continuity bounds for these quantities as well. In obtaining this bound, we first derive a more general result which may be of independent interest, namely a necessary and sufficient condition under which a state maximizes a concave and Gâteaux-differentiable function in an $\varepsilon$-ball around a given state $σ$. Examples of such a function include the von Neumann entropy, and the conditional entropy of bipartite states. Our proofs employ tools from the theory of convex optimization under non-differentiable constraints, in particular Fermat's Rule, and majorization theory.
description: 38 pages; v2: added an application, streamlined proofs of Lem. 6.8-6.11, corrected typos, corrected figure 1, updated the style of figure 2
Additional file 1: of High fidelity hypothermic preservation of primary tissues in organ transplant preservative for single cell transcriptome analysis
Creators: name: Wanxin Wang
name: Penland, Lolita
name: Ozgun Gokce
name: Croote, Derek
name: Quake, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Overall viability and abundance of Cd45+ cells across different durations of preservation time. At the bottom of each panel, the percentage in white was calculated as: counts of PI- events / counts of all events for the top panels, and counts of Cd45+ events / counts of all events for the bottom panels. Raw counts were shown in the fractions. Figure S2. cDNA concentration and smearing assessed via fragment analysis for single Cd45+ cells from mouse kidneys after different durations of preservation presented as (A) electrophoresis traces and (B) gel image. Figure S3. Genebody coverage of Cd45+ single cells from mouse kidneys after different durations of time. (A) 5′-3′ read coverage on exons. (B) Distribution of skewness of 5′-3′ read coverage on exons. Figure S4. Identification of cell types in Cd45+ single cells from mouse kidneys. (A) Number of genes detected cast on 2d tSNE. (B) Uniquely expressing genes identified for each putative cell clusters. (Coloring of cluster ID follows that in Fig. 3A.) Figure S5. genes rejected by null hypothesis (DE genes) at FDR = 0.05 between fresh and preserved tissue in cluster 2, 4, 6, 7. (A) Number of DE genes identified between each of the eight identified cell types and its nearest neighbor (defined in Fig. 3A) with incrementing FDR. (B) Volcano plots for DE gene at FDR = 0.05 between fresh and preserved tissue identified in the given cluster (blue) and DE genes identified in (A) for the same cluster (black). (C)(D) DE genes at FDR = 0.05 in cluster 4 between fresh and day 3 tissues. (Cluster ID and color for time followed that in Fig. 3A.) Figure S6. Number of gene sets enriched with FDR q value≤0.05 for genes that are (A) upregulated or (B) downregulated in cells from fresh tissues compared to those from preserved tissues. Figure S7. Number of genes with rejected null hypothesis by the Breusch-Pagan test at incrementing FDR for each identified cell cluster. Figure S8. Evaluation of gene expression variation between cells from fresh and preserved tissues via (A) dimension reduction on incrementing number of overdispersed genes (B) hierarchical clustering on top 500 over-dispersed genes (cluster ID follows that in Fig. 3A, cell clustering follows Fig. 2D). (PDF 6690 kb)
Plexipus cernuus R. Fern.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Verbenaceae
Plexipus
Plexipus cernuus

description: Buchnera cernua Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 251. 1771.
"Habitat in Cap. b. spei montibus." RCN: 4573.
 Lectotype (Moldenke in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 314. 1938): Tulbagh 100, Herb. Linn. No. 790.1 (LINN).
 Current name: Plexipus cernuus (L.) R. Fern. (Verbenaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
The stories of three serving brothers
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: During the Second World War, father (John Casey) conscripted in the Royal Navy; the war was declared on his birthday. He served throughout the war. Afterwards, he didn't talk about the war, not even to his wife. He may have served on Arctic Convoy. He was based in New York at some point, and perhaps near the Suez Canal. Mother worked in Morris Engines in Coventry during the war, and was a bike messenger during the Blitz. An incendiary bomb landed in their loft and Grandad threw it. My father's younger brother, Dennis, served in India. His other brother, James, participated in D-Day with the 2nd Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment as a Signaller. D-Day was part of a larger set of military initiatives called 'Operation Overlord', which James was involved with. Afterwards, he went back to Brighton Municipal Hospital and died around aged 20 during the war. My father stayed in Brighton on 22nd July 1944, while Dennis was stationed in India.
Defects in Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Gardas, Bartłomiej
name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
name: Zwolak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shift of interest from general purpose quantum computers to adiabatic quantum computing or quantum annealing calls for a broadly applicable and easy to implement test to assess how quantum or adiabatic is a specific hardware. Here we propose such a test based on an exactly solvable many body system -- the quantum Ising chain in transverse field -- and implement it on the D-Wave machine. An ideal adiabatic quench of the quantum Ising chain should lead to an ordered broken symmetry ground state with all spins aligned in the same direction. An actual quench can be imperfect due to decoherence, noise, flaws in the implemented Hamiltonian, or simply too fast to be adiabatic. Imperfections result in topological defects: Spins change orientation, kinks punctuating ordered sections of the chain. The number of such defects quantifies the extent by which the quantum computer misses the ground state, and is, therefore, imperfect.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Scientific Reports, authors' list completed
Coventry's Air Raids: A First-Hand Account
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The contributor was born in the town of Nuneaton on the 30th of August 1934. He shared a memory of a bombing raid on Coventry during the Second World War. At the time he lived in a village called Caldecott, located outside of Nuneaton. He caught the bus to visit his grandma, who lived on Earls Road in Nuneaton and spent the day there. As they went to catch the bus in the early evening, the air raid sounded. When the air raid sounded, he recalled, everything stopped. His grandad led them to the Anderson Shelter in his grandparent's garden. He could hear the bombing from the shelter and spent the night in there. After all clear was sounded, he and his grandparents went upstairs in the house. He recalled that Nuneaton was about eight miles from Coventry, making the bright image all the more striking. They all looked out of the front bedroom window, in the direction of Coventry, and his grandad said, "My God. That's Coventry burning." The day after the bombing, his family moved to Coventry because his stepfather worked at Courtaulds Factory in Little Health. During the war, his stepfather made parachutes. The contributor emphasised that normality continued despite the war. His older cousin, Leslie Charles Allto, served in the RAF and fought in the Battle of Britain as a pilot. He recalled that his older cousin was based in Biggin Holl and fondly remembered him comforting the contributor's grandmother and his mother during an air raid, when he was home on leave. Moreover, the contributor recalled a memory from the war when a government inspector arrived and requisitioned accommodation at their home in Foal's Hill Road, Coventry. Two American soldiers were billeted with the family in the buildup to D-Day. He recalled that the American troops brought food such as powdered egg, which the family ate, and marmalade in a tin, which the contributor had never seen in a tin before! The American troops used to give him sweets. One of the American soldiers' mothers wrote a letter to the family after the war thanking them, and this letter is now with the Coventry Archive.
Emerging Frontiers in Human–Robot Interaction
Creators: name: Safavi, Farshad
name: Olikkal, Parthan
name: Pei, Dingyi
name: Kamal, Sadia
name: Meyerson, Helen
name: Penumalee, Varsha
name: Vinjamuri, Ramana
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024
Subjects: Brain-Computer Interface
Computer Vision
Emotional Intelligent Perception
Human–Robot Collaboration
Human–Robot Interaction

description: Effective interactions between humans and robots are vital to achieving shared tasks in collaborative processes. Robots can utilize diverse communication channels to interact with humans, such as hearing, speech, sight, touch, and learning. Our focus, amidst the various means of interactions between humans and robots, is on three emerging frontiers that significantly impact the future directions of human–robot interaction (HRI): (i) human–robot collaboration inspired by human–human collaboration, (ii) brain-computer interfaces, and (iii) emotional intelligent perception. First, we explore advanced techniques for human–robot collaboration, covering a range of methods from compliance and performance-based approaches to synergistic and learning-based strategies, including learning from demonstration, active learning, and learning from complex tasks. Then, we examine innovative uses of brain-computer interfaces for enhancing HRI, with a focus on applications in rehabilitation, communication, brain state and emotion recognition. Finally, we investigate the emotional intelligence in robotics, focusing on translating human emotions to robots via facial expressions, body gestures, and eye-tracking for fluid, natural interactions. Recent developments in these emerging frontiers and their impact on HRI were detailed and discussed. We highlight contemporary trends and emerging advancements in the field. Ultimately, this paper underscores the necessity of a multimodal approach in developing systems capable of adaptive behavior and effective interaction between humans and robots, thus offering a thorough understanding of the diverse modalities essential for maximizing the potential of HRI.
Terminalia buceras C. Wright
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Combretaceae
Terminalia
Terminalia buceras

description: Bucida buceras Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1025. 1759.
["Habitat in Jamaica."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 557 (1762). RCN: 3127.
 Lectotype (Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 5: 307. 1926): Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 556.1 (LINN; iso- BM).
 Generitype of Bucida Linnaeus, nom. cons.
 Current name: Terminalia buceras (L.) C. Wright (Combretaceae).
 Note: Bucida Linnaeus, nom. cons. vs. Buceras P. Browne.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Equilibrium points and basins of convergence in the linear restricted four-body problem with angular velocity
Creators: name: Zotos, Euaggelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planar linear restricted four-body problem is used in order to determine the Newton-Raphson basins of convergence associated with the equilibrium points. The parametric variation of the position as well as of the stability of the libration points is monitored when the values of the mass parameter $b$ as well as of the angular velocity $ω$ vary in predefined intervals. The regions on the configuration $(x,y)$ plane occupied by the basins of attraction are revealed using the multivariate version of the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. The correlations between the attracting domains of the equilibrium points and the corresponding number of iterations needed for obtaining the desired accuracy are also illustrated. We perform a thorough and systematic numerical investigation by demonstrating how the parameters $b$ and $ω$ influence the shape, the geometry and of course the fractality of the converging regions. Our numerical outcomes strongly indicate that these two parameters are indeed two of the most influential factors in this dynamical system.
description: Published in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals journal (CSF). arXiv admin note: previous papers with related context: arXiv:1702.07279, arXiv:1704.02273
Institutional support for regional mission-driven innovation in the context of fieldlabs
Creators: name: Vazquez Villegas, Orlando Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This presentation contains findings from a quantitative exploration of the EFRO (OPZuid) program in the Netherlands, a public database of innovation projects. It includes analyses of collaboration networks and the distribution of EFRO funding across organizations. The presentation was introduced during a research consortium meeting within the Fieldlabs@Scale project, financed by NWO.
Additional file 4: of Associations between perceived stress, socioeconomic status, and health-risk behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Algren, Maria
name: Ekholm, Ola
name: Nielsen, Line
name: ErsbĂ¸Ll, Annette
name: Bak, Carsten
name: Andersen, Pernille
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S4. Prevalence of monthly disposable income in DKK in deprived neighbourhoods; Table S5. Prevalence of economic deprivation in deprived neighbourhoods: Had had to refrain from doing one or more of the listed activities within the last year for economic reasons; Table S6. Prevalence of strain in deprived neighbourhoods: Have been strained by some of the listed factors within the past year. (DOCX 16Â kb)
Retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by syringe filters
Creators: name: He, Ke
name: Feerick, Anna
name: Jin, Hongyue
name: Batista-Andrade, Jahir Antonio
name: Duarte Batista, Marylia
name: Dugan, Caitlyn
name: Blaney, Lee
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024
Subjects: Micropollutant
Filtration
Forever chemical
Membrane
PFAS
Retention

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being increasingly measured in water and wastewater due to emerging toxicity concerns and strict regulatory limits. Previous studies have filtered water samples to remove suspended solids before PFAS analysis. However, filtration may introduce negative bias to measured PFAS concentrations. Using a well-controlled syringe pump assembly, we evaluated retention of six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, one fluorotelomer sulfonate, and two perfluorooctane sulfonamides by glass-fiber, glass-fiber cellulose acetate, nylon, polyethersulfone, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride/ difluoride, and surfactant-free cellulose acetate filters. The impacts of water quality and operational parameters were also investigated for select filter types. We found that PFAS were retained on all filters, with the glass-fiber cellulose acetate filters demonstrating the lowest retention. For all filters, PFAS retention was linearly related to chain length and hydrophobicity above certain thresholds (i.e., log D higher than 1.5). Importantly, more PFAS were retained at low filtrate volumes, and?~?30 mL filtrate was required before the retention efficiencies stabilized. Solution pH only affected the retention of perfluorooctane sulfonamides. Pore size (i.e., 0.20, 0.45, 0.70 µm), filtration rate (i.e., 0.5, 1.0 mL min?1), and PFAS concentration (i.e., 10, 100 µg L?1), did not exert major influences on PFAS retention. The presence of dissolved organic matter improved PFAS permeation. Based on the reported results, filtration introduces bias and is not recommended for sample pretreatment.
Buddleja americana Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja
Buddleja americana

description: Buddleja americana Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 112. 1753.
"Habitat in Caribaeis ad ripas & torrentes." RCN: 919.
 Lectotype (Norman in Gentes Herb. 10: 83. 1967): Herb. Clifford: 35, Buddleja 1 (BM-000557795).
 Generitype of Buddleja Linnaeus.
 Current name: Buddleja americana L. (Loganiaceae / Buddlejaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Exploring Fermionic Dark Matter via Higgs Boson Precision Measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider
Creators: name: Xiang, Qian-Fei
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Yin, Peng-Fei
name: Yu, Zhao-Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of fermionic dark matter (DM) on projected Higgs precision measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), including the one-loop effects on the $e^+e^-\to Zh$ cross section and the Higgs boson diphoton decay, as well as the tree-level effects on the Higgs boson invisible decay. As illuminating examples, we discuss two UV-complete DM models, whose dark sector contains electroweak multiplets that interact with the Higgs boson via Yukawa couplings. The CEPC sensitivity to these models and current constraints from DM detection and collider experiments are investigated. We find that there exist some parameter regions where the Higgs measurements at the CEPC will be complementary to current DM searches.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures; minor revisions to match the published version
Superflare UV flashes impact on Kepler-96 system: a glimpse of habitability when the ozone layer first formed on Earth
Creators: name: Estrela, Raissa
name: Valio, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kepler-96 is an active solar-type star harbouring a Super-Earth planet in close orbit. Its age of 2.3 Gyr is the same as the Sun when there was a considerable increase of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere due to micro-organisms living in the ocean. We present the analysis of superflares seen on the transit lightcurves of Kepler-96b. The model used here simulates the planetary transit in a flaring star. By fitting the observational data with this model, it is possible to infer the physical properties of the flares, such as their duration and the energy released. We found 3 flares within the energy range of superflares, where the biggest superflare observed was found to have an energy of 1.81$\times$10$^{35}$ ergs. The goal is to analyse the biological impact of these superflares on a hypothetical Earth in the habitable zone of Kepler-96 assuming this planet has protection via different scenarios: an Archean and Present-day atmospheres. Also, we compute the attenuation of the flare UV radiation through an Archean ocean. The conclusion is that considering the increase in the UV flux by the strongest superflare emission, {\it E. Coli} and {\it D. Radiodurans} could survive on the surface of the planet only if there was an ozone layer present on the planet atmosphere. However, they could escape from the hazardous UV effects at a depth of 28m and 12m below the ocean surface, respectively. For smaller superflares contribution, {\it D. Radiodurans} could survive in the surface even in an Archean atmosphere with no ozone.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astrobiology
Disorder-induced half-integer quantized conductance plateau in quantum anomalous Hall insulator-superconductor structures
Creators: name: Huang, Yingyi
name: Setiawan, F.
name: Sau, Jay D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A weak superconducting proximity effect in the vicinity of the topological transition of a quantum anomalous Hall system has been proposed as a venue to realize a topological superconductor (TSC) with chiral Majorana edge modes (CMEMs). A recent experiment [Science 357, 294 (2017)] claimed to have observed such CMEMs in the form of a half-integer quantized conductance plateau in the two-terminal transport measurement of a quantum anomalous Hall-superconductor junction. Although the presence of a superconducting proximity effect generically splits the quantum Hall transition into two phase transitions with a gapped TSC in between, in this Rapid Communication we propose that a nearly flat conductance plateau, similar to that expected from CMEMs, can also arise from the percolation of quantum Hall edges well before the onset of the TSC or at temperatures much above the TSC gap. Our Rapid Communication, therefore, suggests that, in order to confirm the TSC, it is necessary to supplement the observation of the half-quantized conductance plateau with a hard superconducting gap (which is unlikely for a disordered system) from the conductance measurements or the heat transport measurement of the transport gap. Alternatively, the half-quantized thermal conductance would also serve as a smoking-gun signature of the TSC.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 8 pages of supplementary material. Published version
Universal Quantum Computing with Measurement-Induced Continuous-Variable Gate Sequence in a Loop-Based Architecture
Creators: name: Takeda, Shuntaro
name: Furusawa, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scalable scheme for optical quantum computing using measurement-induced continuous-variable quantum gates in a loop-based architecture. Here, time-bin-encoded quantum information in a single spatial mode is deterministically processed in a nested loop by an electrically programmable gate sequence. This architecture can process any input state and an arbitrary number of modes with almost minimum resources, and offers a universal gate set for both qubits and continuous variables. Furthermore, quantum computing can be performed fault-tolerantly by a known scheme for encoding a qubit in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space of a single light mode.
Vertical-axis turbine performance enhancement with physics-informed blade pitch control. Basic principles and proof of concept with high-fidelity numerical simulation
Creators: name: Wisner, Kai
name: Yu, Meilin
Publisher: name: AIP
Year: 2024

description: In this study, we developed active physics-informed turbine blade pitch control methods to conquer the inconsistent energy harvesting efficiency challenges encountered by the vertical-axis turbines (VATs) technology. Specifically, individual turbine blades were pitched by actuators following commands from the physics-informed controllers, and the turbine performance improvements as a result of the blade pitch control mechanism and the associated flow physics were studied. The aim of the blade pitch control was to maintain constant effective angles of attack (AoAs) experienced by turbine blades through active blade pitch, and the constant AoA function was designed to facilitate control mechanism implementation into real-world VATs. To gain in-depth understanding of the capability of the control, flow physics was studied for different constant AoA control strategies across a wide range of tip speed ratios and wind speeds and was compared with that from the corresponding baselines without control, and that from the sinusoidal AoA control strategy. The comparison between the turbine performance with constant AoA control and that without control showed a consistent increase in the time-averaged net power coefficient, a measure of energy harvesting efficiency taking out of the actuator loss, ranging from 27.4% to 704.0% across a wide spread of wind speeds. The superior turbine performance with constant AoA control was largely attributed to blade dynamic stall management during the blade upstream and downstream cycles and the transition between the two cycles.