cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rasna_Indian Journal of Adult Education, March 2021.pdf
Creators: name: SEHRAWAT, RASNA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Humans are the only species on the planet Earth who do not contribute in the natural environmental cycle but has always been the exploiter of the limited resources. Tecer (2007) told that Environmental deterioration, extinction, or pollution in many vital earth systems, such as air, water, soil, forest, and biological diversity have required countries to develop policies for protecting and developing the earth and promoting global cooperation on these issues. Atasoy (2005) concluded in his study that Environmental problems have become globalized and have reached the stage where they present a threat to life on Earth. This situation has led to the review of people's relationships with nature, their attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, the duties and responsibilities assumed by the individual towards nature, and the redefinition of ecological culture and environmental awareness. This paper discuss the environmentally responsive behaviours and also presents the data for awareness status of educators. It is imperative to be Environmentally Responsible in the present scenario where awareness on the effect of responsible behavior already exists in abundance through media, curriculum, and social activities.
Dynamic is optimal: Effect of three alternative auto-complete on the usability of in-vehicle dialing displays and driver distraction
Creators: name: Zhong, Qi
name: Zhi, Jinyi
name: Guo, Gang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Auto-complete (AC) has become ubiquitous on domain-specific systems and is mainly divided into two types (static-AC and dynamic-AC). Specifically, static-AC only presents the possible completions not changing with user input in the suggestion list for users to select. Dynamic-AC constantly filters out inconsistent content with user input and shows the possible completions at the top of the suggestion list. However, the details of the driver’s interactions with AC in the vehicle are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of three alternative AC (non-AC, static-AC, and dynamic-AC) on the usability of in-vehicle dialing displays and driver distraction. As a reference, the baseline task (only driving) was also surveyed in each AC condition. A simulated driving experiment consisting of 24 participants was conducted. The primary task was a lane-keeping task with speed ranging between 60 and 120 km/h over the stretch. The secondary task was dialing an 11-digit phone number. Usability metrics (task completion time and number of errors) and driver distraction metrics (NASA-reduced task load index (NASA-RTLX), mean speed, lateral position variation, total glance time, number of glances, mean glance time, and number of glances over 1.6 s) in each condition were measured. A series of one-way repeated measure analyses of variance was used to examine whether and which type of AC can maximize the usability of in-vehicle dialing displays and minimize driver distraction. Generally, the AC-based in-vehicle dialing display gains a more positive effect. Specifically, we observed that among the three alternative AC conditions, dynamic-AC performed optimally on usability metrics similar to previous studies and various driver distraction metrics, notwithstanding it is still not up to the level of the baseline condition. However, static-AC did not exhibit the advantages described in previous studies except for fewer errors and NASA-RTLX owing to the possibility of position bias and boundary effect. This study provides valuable insights into drivers’ interactions with AC-based in-vehicle dialing displays and broadened its applications in safety-critical situations. More importantly, it informs the design of a more effective in-vehicle system, which positively contributes to mitigating driver distraction and preventing traffic accidents.
Radio/gamma-ray time delay in the parsec-scale cores of active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Pushkarev, A. B.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Lister, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a non-zero time delay between radio emission measured by the VLBA at 15.4 GHz and gamma-ray radiation (gamma-ray leads radio) registered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope for a sample of 183 radio and gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs). For the correlation analysis we used 100 MeV - 100 GeV gamma-ray photon fluxes, taken from monthly binned measurements from the first Fermi LAT catalog, and 15.4 GHz radio flux densities from the MOJAVE VLBA program. The correlation is most pronounced if the core flux density is used, strongly indicating that the gamma-ray emission is generated within the compact region of the 15 GHz VLBA core. Determining the Pearson's r and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients for different time lags, we find that for the majority of sources the radio/gamma-ray delay ranges from 1 to 8 months in the observer's frame and peaks at about 1.2 months in the source's frame. We interpret the primary source of the time delay to be synchrotron opacity in the nuclear region.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Letters; minor corrections to the text are made; full table 1 in electronic form can be extracted from the preprint source
Displacing visco plastic fluid with Newtonian fluid in a vertical circular pipe with buoyancy effects
Creators: name: Jeon, Jaewoo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis, displacement flows in a vertical pipe are studied when Newtonian fluids displace visco-plastic fluids. The density combinations between displacing and displaced fluids are varied from density unstable through iso-density to density stable, and captured dimensionlessly using Atwood numbers. In density unstable cases, three flow regimes are classified: central, mixed/turbulent and asymmetric regimes. These regimes are partially classified by a buoyancy parameter. However, we found that the buoyancy parameter has a limit in classifying the flow regimes. Once the flow enters the turbulent regime, spread of the dispersive mixed region is characterized by fitting the mean concentration changes to the solution of an 1D linear advection diffusion equation, i.e., turbulent diffusivity (or dispersivity) dominates in this regime. In iso-density cases, all flows are classified in central regime but the shapes of static layers are classified as: smooth, wavy and corrugated. We found that Re, Newtonian Reynolds number, differentiates the static layer shapes. Transitional Reynolds numbers are identified as Re = 345 for corrugated to wavy and Re = 1000 for wavy to smooth. The transitional Re for turbulent regime is identified at around 4000. Lastly, we observed that viscous fingering is common in density stable cases. Viscous fingering is observed for large effective viscosity, ratio of a viscoplastic fluid to a Newtonian fluid, and a ratio of shear stress to a yield stress of a displaced fluid ratio is small, and starts from an elongated thin layer finger. In the regime, the wall shear stress is too small to yield the visco-plastic fluid from the wall and the mobility of the displacing fluid is relatively high, so it seeks a way to channel though the visco-plastic fluid. The transitional Re for mixed/turbulent regime was not found within our experimental range. The displacement efficiency, described in the ratio of a front velocity to a mean velocity in density stable cases increases by approximately 15%, compared to density unstable and iso-density. Density unstable experiments can have better efficiency than iso-density experiments due to entering mixing regime in lower Reynolds numbers. However, the differences in the efficiency are generally small.
Neue Methoden für die Weiterentwicklung von hybriden Triebsträngen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz = New methods for the development of hybrid drive trains to increase energy efficiency
Creators: name: Brezger, Friedrich Philipp
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: This thesis deals with methodical further development of clutch systems on the example of passenger cars. The clutch systems are needed in various new drive systems with changed or extended tasks. In addition, they often have the same task as clutch systems in conventional drive trains but with a different operating point probability density. Thus, further potentials due to increase energy efficiency are possible which are investigated and determined.
CO-Spaces
Creators: name: SEHRAWAT, RASNA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: In the current scenario, the most applied tool in pedagogy for student engagement and curriculum dissemination is technology, be it transaction through online mode or use of various e-tools for transaction and assessment procedures. Moving ahead with it, immersive technologies like augmented reality and virtual reality are also now being explored and blended by the teachers in their teaching learning processes. These techniques would enhance immersive learning in the students through a simulated environment providing them a real experience of even abstract concepts. One of the tools of immersive learning discussed in this paper is Co Spaces. It is an incredible tool as experienced by the researcher firsthand, which provides endless possibilities to the teachers and students to create 3-D world for the students and grab experience in 360-degree transition as well. This paper specifically deals with the process of using CoSpaces as content development tool for K-12 education.
Intertwined Genealogies: Dutch, Chinese, and Colonial Indonesian Architecture of Philanthropy, 1640-1740
Creators: name: Wan, Simon Hinman
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Intertwined genealogies are untold accounts of interactions, tensions, and hybridizations between multiple cultures of seeming incommensurability, as opposed to a single heroic nation, that are often embedded in the spatial artifacts of migrating populations. This dissertation is the first major study of colonial Indonesia’s almshouses, hospices, orphanages, and reformatories as architectural cases. It is also the first time that these buildings are examined alongside antecedents in the Netherlands and China. Through an analysis of overlapping developments in the Netherlands, China, and Indonesia, I argue that early modern Dutch and Chinese philanthropic establishments were built for the ruling class rather than the underclass. These establishments reflected the middle class’ exercise of disciplinary power. A critical aim is to consider Dutch and Chinese philanthropic establishments in broader terms that transcend the existing and mostly limited understanding of these sites as utilitarian spaces for the indigent. Inclusive of hospices that prefigured the modern hospital, reformatories that prefigured the modern prison, and orphanages that prefigured the modern public school, philanthropic establishments were a distinctively early modern category of civic landmarks. Their relevance stems from straddling and bridging two paradigms of power expression in the urban domain. On the one hand, philanthropic establishments saluted to the ruling class with impressive architectural works, like the premodern display of sovereign power. On the other hand, these were disciplinary programs molding society into a healthy, productive, and compliant mass, similar to governmental institutions of the industrialized world that did not generally occupy the community’s most prominent buildings. Overall, this dissertation suggests that philanthropic establishments of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries illustrate a particular moment, debatably the last and only time in history, when the pervasive force of disciplinary power had to be deliberately presented to the public through the visual medium of architecture.
Geodesic Normal distribution on the circle
Creators: name: Coeurjolly, Jean-François
name: Bihan, Nicolas Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the study of a circular random distribution called geodesic Normal distribution recently proposed for general manifolds. This distribution, parameterized by two real numbers associated to some specific location and dispersion concepts, looks like a standard Gaussian on the real line except that the support of this variable is $[0,2π)$ and that the Euclidean distance is replaced by the geodesic distance on the circle. Some properties are studied and comparisons with the von Mises distribution in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic means and variances are provided. Finally, the problem of estimating the parameters through the maximum likelihood method is investigated and illustrated with some simulations.
Comparison of injuries among motorcycle, moped and bicycle traffic accident victims
Creators: name: Kent, Tyler
name: Miller, Jordan
name: Shreve, Colby
name: Allenback, Gayle
name: Wentz, Brock
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Motorcycles, moped scooters and bicycles are commonly involved in traffic accidents and riders often suffer significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare and categorize the different injury patterns and fractures suffered by riders of each vehicle type after a traffic accident. Data from a level 1 trauma center in Las Vegas, Nevada were analyzed. Traffic accident victims riding a motorcycle, moped, or bicycle from 2013 to 2017 were included. Injury location and fracture location were assigned to six and sixteen categorical locations, respectively. Descriptive statistics, including frequency counts for categorical data and mean for continuous data, were calculated for the full sample and for each of the vehicle types. Logistic regression was performed on race, categorized age, vehicle type and helmet use to calculate adjusted odds ratios for injury type between the three groups. Of the 2115 patients, 1372 were motorcyclists, 356 were moped scooter riders and 387 were bicyclists. Overall the vast majority of injuries reported were of the extremities or pelvic girdle (62.2%), and this was true regardless of vehicle type. Head and neck injuries were significantly more common in bicyclists (39.5%) and moped riders (34.6%), than in motorcyclists (22.7%). Helmet use was substantially lower in the moped (34%) and bicycle (20%) groups compared to the motorcycle group (85%). The most common fractures regardless of vehicle type were of the skull/face, rib, vertebral, and tibia/fibula with slight variations between vehicle groups. Similarities were seen in the most common fracture and injury patterns between the three groups. Head and neck injuries were much more common in moped and bicycle riders compared to motorcyclists. This is most likely due to the significantly higher percentage of motorcycle riders who wore a helmet. Counseling regarding helmet and protective equipment use, especially among moped and bicycle riders is essential to reduce head injuries.
Greywater - Characteristics, Biodegradability and Reuse of some Greywaters
Creators: name: Weingärtner, Dorothea Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Greywater
biodegradability
stakeholder

description: Based on experiences with greywater systems in Germany and other countries, the actual implementation of greywater reclamation raises questions. Compared to the established water and wastewater management, de- or semicentralized systems face other frame conditions. Not only are these specific conditions defined by technical and legal aspects, but also depend on the impact of affected stakeholders.
High Frequency Trading in Financial Markets
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuo Sarah
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: High Frequency Trading
Hochfrequenzhandel
HFT
Market Efficiency
Price Discovery

description: Financial markets have undergone tremendous changes in the last decades. Next to the automation of the trading process and the improvement in market quality, High Frequency Trading (HFT) plays a major role in financial markets. This thesis provides a background on the evolution of financial markets and the role of HFT in price discovery and the nature of its interaction with human traders.
Family of counterexamples to King's conjecture
Creators: name: Michalek, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this short note we present a family of counterexamples to the King's conjecture.
Right unitarity triangles and tri-bimaximal mixing from discrete symmetries and unification
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: King, Stephen F.
name: Luhn, Christoph
name: Spinrath, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose new classes of models which predict both tri-bimaximal lepton mixing and a right-angled Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) unitarity triangle, alpha approximately 90 degrees. The ingredients of the models include a supersymmetric (SUSY) unified gauge group such as SU(5), a discrete family symmetry such as A4 or S4, a shaping symmetry including products of Z2 and Z4 groups as well as spontaneous CP violation. We show how the vacuum alignment in such models allows a simple explanation of alpha approximately 90 degrees by a combination of purely real or purely imaginary vacuum expectation values (vevs) of the flavons responsible for family symmetry breaking. This leads to quark mass matrices with 1-3 texture zeros that satisfy the phase sum rule and lepton mass matrices that satisfy the lepton mixing sum rule together with a new prediction that the leptonic CP violating oscillation phase is close to either 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees depending on the model, with neutrino masses being purely real (no complex Majorana phases). This leads to the possibility of having right-angled unitarity triangles in both the quark and lepton sectors.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in NPB
Curricular Implementation Patterns and Their Potential Influence on Student Achievement
Creators: name: Bruscianelli, Kamila Brodowinska
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In education reform, contemporary pedagogical practices that offer students the means to learn and develop 21st century skills are continuously being explored and vetted. Problem-based learning (PBL), an approach that emphasizes the role of authentic, ill-structured problems as impetus for collaborative learning and the development of problem-solving and critical thinking skills, has been considered a promising alternative to traditional methods. However, research examining the effectiveness of PBL has yielded inconsistent results. Fidelity of PBL implementation has been theorized to be one possible culprit in producing differential student outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify instructional profiles of PBL enactment and determine if differences in implementation might play a role in student learning. For this study, 53 middle school teachers were systematically observed over the span of 12 weeks while enacting a PBL curriculum. Cluster analysis of classroom observation data revealed two predominant implementation profiles; one in which teachers exemplified PBL tutor characteristics and supported their students’ learning throughout, and the other in which a hands-off approach to implementation was assumed by teachers and required students to work independently to a considerable degree. Analysis of covariance revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups on student post-assessment scores. Students of teachers whose implementation closely aligned with PBL principles outperformed the students of teachers that took the hands-off approach (F(1, 909) = 32.849, p < .004). Content analysis of teacher interviews in addition to teacher background information and demographic data revealed that teachers who did not deliver the PBL program as intended, appeared to face greater challenges. They were predominantly new to the program and expressed that their students found the curriculum overwhelming. The findings of this study indicate that differences in PBL implementation do exist and can impact student learning outcomes. Nevertheless, in order to identify the supports and training necessary for teachers to enact it with greater fidelity, it is critical to investigate PBL implementation more comprehensively to better understand its efficacy in different contexts and under varying circumstances.
Resolving the controversy on the glass transition temperature of water?
Creators: name: Capaccioli, S.
name: Ngai, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider experimental data on the dynamics of water (1) in glass-forming aqueous mixtures with glass transition temperature Tg approaching the putative Tg=136 K of water from above and below, (2) in confined spaces of nanometer in size and (3) in the bulk at temperatures above the homogeneous nucleation temperature. Altogether, the considered relaxation times from the data range nearly over 15 decades from 10-12 to 103 s. Assisted by the various features in the isothermal spectra and theoretical interpretation, these considerations enable us to conclude that relaxation of un-crystallized water is highly non-cooperative. The exponent Beta_K of its Kohlrausch stretched exponential correlation function is not far from having the value of one, and hence the deviation from exponential time decay is slight. Albeit the temperature dependence of its alpha-relaxation time being non-Arrhenius, the corresponding Tg-scaled temperature dependence has small steepness index m, likely less than 44 at Tg, and hence water is not 'fragile' as a glassformer. The separation in time scale of the alpha- and the beta-relaxations is small at Tg, becomes smaller at higher temperatures, and they merge together shortly above Tg. From all these properties and by inference, water is highly non-cooperative as a glass-former, it has short cooperative length-scale, and possibly minimal configurational entropy and small change of heat capacity at Tg compared with other organic glass-formers. This conclusion is perhaps unsurprising because water is the smallest molecule. Our deductions from the data rule out that the Tg of water is higher than 160 K, and suggest that it is close to the traditional value of 136 K.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Trends in pediatric passenger restraint use by rurality and age in Iowa, 2006–2019
Creators: name: Hamann, Cara J.
name: Missikpode, Celestin
name: Peek-Asa, Corinne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Pediatric restraint use has increased over time in the United States, but motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death for children under age 18. Age-appropriate use of safety restraints (safety seats, booster seats, seat belt) and statewide child restraint laws can greatly reduce injury or death in the event of a crash. Surveillance of pediatric restraint use and compliance with policy can inform prevention efforts. This study aims to examine time trends in pediatric restraint use and compliance with pediatric passenger laws in Iowa by rurality and age. Fourteen years of Iowa observational pediatric restraint use data (2006–2019) are included in this cross-sectional study. Proportions of restrained youth by year, age, and rurality (rural, urban) were calculated. Log-linear models were used to compute the Annual Percent Change (APC) by year to explore trends in restraint use over time by rurality and by age group. A total of 42,007 observed pediatric passengers with complete data from 2006 to 2019 were included in this study. Restraint use increased across all years and all age groups observed, with the largest increases among the older pediatric age groups. However, restraint use was consistently highest among the youngest child passengers. With all study years combined, the odds of being compliantly restrained were 13% lower in rural areas (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.95) compared to urban areas. Restraint use was lower in rural areas and among older pediatric passengers, suggesting targeted efforts to increase restraint use among these groups may have the greatest impact on overall occupant protection.
Relation Between a Three Parameter Formula for Isotope Shifts and Staggering Parameters
Creators: name: Zamick, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is noted that the staggering parameters used to describe even-odd effects for isotope shifts can in some cases exhibit very rapidly varying behavior as a function of neutron number. On the other hand a three parameter formula (3P) with fixed coefficients can explain the same behaviour.
Social Preferences under Risk - Peer Types and Relationships in Economic Decision Making
Creators: name: Teubner, Timm
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: This work considers economic decision making, particularly scenarios in which the decision maker faces the presence of other (private) persons. It draws inferences for the design, operation, and use of e-commerce platforms from an economic and information systems perspective and is oriented along two vital concepts therein: social preferences and risk. The role of the type as well as the relation towards the reference person is explored from an empirical and game theoretical perspective.
The Bacterial Surface Protein Internalin B Enhances Vertical Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes
Creators: name: Lamond, Nicole
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative gram-positive intracellular bacterium that is capable of causing serious invasive infections in pregnant women resulting in abortion, still-birth, and disseminated fetal infection. Previously, a clinical L. monocytogenes isolate, 07PF0776, was identified as having an enhanced ability to target cardiac tissue; this tissue tropism appeared to result from amino acid variations within Internalin B (InlB), a bacterial surface protein associated with host cell invasion. Given that the mammalian receptor bound by InlB, Met, is abundantly expressed by placental tissue, we assessed 07PF0776 for its ability to be transmitted from mother to fetus. Pregnant Swiss-Webster mice were infected on gestational day E13 via tail vein injection with the standard isolate 10403S, a non-cardiotropic strain, or 07PF0776, the cardiac isolate. Pregnant mice infected with 07PF0776 exhibited significantly enhanced transmission of L. monocytogenes to placentas and fetuses compared to 10403S. Both bacterial burdens and the frequency of placental and fetal infection were increased in mice infected with the cardiac isolate. Strain 07PF0776 also exhibited an enhanced ability to invade Jar human trophoblast tissue culture cells in comparison to 10403S. 07PF0776 was found to have increased levels of InlB associated with the bacterial cell surface in comparison to 10403S. Overexpression of surface InlB via genetic modification was sufficient to confer enhanced invasion of the placenta and fetus for both 10403S and 07PF0776. 07PF0776 also exhibited more rapid invasion of the placenta compared to 10403S, with increased bacterial burdens and frequency of infection established as early as 48 hours post infection. 07PF0776 expressing inlB from 10403S (07PF0776 InlBNC) exhibited increased infection of the placenta and fetus compared to 10403S expressing inlB from 07PF0776 (10403S InlBC). It was found that 10403S InlBC did not retain InlB on the bacterial cell surface. These data support a critical role for surface InlB in the vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes.
On genus-1 simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations
Creators: name: Hayano, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 57R65

description: Auroux, Donaldson and Katzarkov introduced broken Lefschetz fibrations as a generalization of Lefshcetz fibrations in order to describe near-symplectic 4-manifolds. We first study monodromy representations of higher sides of genus-1 simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations. We then completely classify diffeomorphism types of such fibrations with connected fibers and with less than six Lefschetz singularities. In these studies, we obtain several families of genus-1 simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations, which we conjecture contain all such fibrations, and determine the diffeomorphism types of the total spaces of these fibrations. Our results are generalizations of Kas' classification theorem of genus-1 Lefschetz fibrations, which states that the total space of a non-trivial genus-1 Lefschetz fibration over $S^2$ is diffeomorphic to an elliptic surface E(n), for some $n\geq 1$.
description: 48 pages, 32 figures. The proof of a lemma in section 4 is revised and one figure is added in the proof. We also add the remark about Pao's manifolds
Analysis of the management of uncertainty in long-term planning for electric utilities
Creators: name: Irvine, Laura Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Electric utilities engaging in integrated resource planning face a variety of uncertainties which complicate the development of robust plans. These uncertainties occur in variables such as demand growth, energy price, green house gas regulations, and water inflows for hydroelectric-dominated utilities, just to name a few. This study examines the current planning methods in use among (largely North American) utilities with a particular focus on the features of each method that manage or mitigate uncertainty. The two most common planning methods (portfolio-based and scenario-based planning) are analysed and their advantages, disadvantages, potential alterations, and circumstances of best application are evaluated. These findings are then applied to the case of BC Hydro, one of the largest electric utilities in Canada, with recommendations for changes to their current planning process.
Signatures of the neutrino thermal history in the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves
Creators: name: Benini, Riccardo
name: Lattanzi, Massimiliano
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the effect of the anisotropic stress generated by neutrinos on the propagation of primordial cosmological gravitational waves. The presence of anisotropic stress, like the one generated by free-streaming neutrinos, partially absorbs the gravitational waves (GWs) propagating across the Universe. We find that in the standard case of three neutrino families, 22% of the intensity of the wave is absorbed, in fair agreement with previous studies. We have also calculated the maximum possible amount of damping, corresponding to the case of a flat Universe completely dominated by ultrarelativistic collisionless particles. In this case 43% of the intensity of the wave is absorbed. Finally, we have taken into account the effect of collisions, using a simple form for the collision term parameterized by the mean time between interactions, that allows to go smoothly from the case of a tigthly-coupled fluid to that of a collisionless gas. The dependence of the absorption on the neutrino energy density and on the effectiveness of the interactions opens the interesting possibility of observing spectral features related to particular events in the thermal history of the Universe, like neutrino decoupling and electron-positron annihilation, both occurring at T~1 MeV. GWs entering the horizon at that time will have today a frequency $ν\sim 10^{-9} \Hz$, a region that is going to be probed by Pulsar Timing Arrays.
description: V1: 14 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Gen. Rel. Grav. V2: References Added
Non Singular Origin of the Universe and its Present Vacuum Energy Density
Creators: name: Guendelman, E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a non singular origin for the Universe starting from an Einstein static Universe, the so called "emergent universe" scenario, in the framework of a theory which uses two volume elements $\sqrt{-{g}}d^{4}x$ and $Φd^{4}x$, where $Φ$ is a metric independent density, used as an additional measure of integration. Also curvature, curvature square terms and for scale invariance a dilaton field $ϕ$ are considered in the action. The first order formalism is applied. The integration of the equations of motion associated with the new measure gives rise to the spontaneous symmetry breaking (S.S.B) of scale invariance (S.I.). After S.S.B. of S.I., it is found that a non trivial potential for the dilaton is generated. In the Einstein frame we also add a cosmological term that parametrizes the zero point fluctuations. The resulting effective potential for the dilaton contains two flat regions, for $ϕ\rightarrow \infty$ relevant for the non singular origin of the Universe, followed by an inflationary phase and $ϕ\rightarrow -\infty$, describing our present Universe. The dynamics of the scalar field becomes non linear and these non linearities are instrumental in the stability of some of the emergent universe solutions, which exists for a parameter range of values of the vacuum energy in $ϕ\rightarrow -\infty$, which must be positive but not very big, avoiding the extreme fine tuning required to keep the vacuum energy density of the present universe small. Zero vacuum energy density for the present universe defines the threshold for the creation of the universe.
description: 28 pages, short version of this paper awarded an honorable mention by the Gravity Research Foundation, 2011, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics A
A non-linear Reduced Order Methodology applicable to Boiling Water Reactor Stability Analysis
Creators: name: Prill, Dennis Paul
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: BWR
non-linear stability
POD-ROM

description: Das Stabilitätsverhalten von SWRen ist geprägt durch die thermohydraulische Kopplung zwischen Leistung, Massenstrom, Dichteverteilung und die neutronenphysikalische Rückkopplung. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig eine systematische, automatisierte und in sich geschlossene modellordnungsreduzierende Methodik entwickelt, welche allgemein auf verschiedenste dynamische Probleme und im Speziellen auf SWRen anwendbar ist. Dieses Vorgehen ermöglicht umfassende Analysen des nichtlinearen Verhaltens.
Unresolved and diffuse components of X-ray emission and X/K luminosity ratios in nearby early-type and late-type galaxies
Creators: name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Gilfanov, Marat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the nature of unresolved X-ray emission in a broad sample of galaxies of all morphological types based on archival Chandra data. After removing bright compact sources, we study L_X/L_K luminosity ratios of unresolved emission, and compare them with the Solar neighborhood values. We conclude that unresolved emission is determined by four main components, three of which were known before: (i) The population of faint unresolved sources associated with old stellar population. In early-type galaxies, their 2-10 keV band luminosity scales with the stellar mass with L_X/L_K = (3.1\pm 0.9) x 10^27 erg/s/L_K,sun; (ii) The ISM with kT ~ 0.2-0.8 keV present in galaxies of all types. Because of the large dispersion in the gas content of galaxies, the size of our sample is insufficient to obtain reliable scaling law for this component; (iii) The population of unresolved young stars and young stellar objects in late-type galaxies. Their 2-10 keV band luminosity scales with the star-formation rate with L_X/SFR = (1.7\pm0.9) x 10^38 (erg/s)/(M_sun/yr); (iv) In four old and massive Virgo ellipticals (M49, M60, M84, NGC4636) we find anomalously high X-ray emission in the 2-10 keV band. Its presence has not been recognized before and its nature is unclear. Although it appears to be stronger in galaxies having stronger ISM component, its existence cannot be explained in terms of an extrapolation of the warm ISM spectrum. Association with Virgo cluster of galaxies suggests that the excess emission may be due to intracluster gas accreted in the gravitational well of a massive galaxy. We investigate this and other possibilities.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The importance of the mixed phase in hybrid stars built with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Paoli, M. G.
name: Menezes, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of hybrid stars based on two different constructions: one is based on the Gibbs condition for phase coexistence and considers the existence of a mixed phase (MP), and the other is based on the Maxwell construction and no mixed phase is obtained. The hadron phase is described by the non-linear Walecka model (NLW) and the quark phase by the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). We conclude that the masses and radii obtained are model dependent but not significantly different for both constructions.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Role of Activin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Creators: name: Mancinelli, Georgina E
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth -leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival as low as 9%. Lethality remains high due to increased metastatic potential and reduced patient condition due to cachexia that prevents them from withstanding aggressive chemotherapy drugs. Novel therapeutic and prognostic targets for PDAC are urgently needed to improve patient survival. One unappreciated candidate is activin, a member of the TGF family. In PDAC patients, serum activin levels have been shown to be significantly higher and associated with cancer cell stemness and cachexia. Hence, we focused our efforts on activin ligand and activin receptor type 1a (ACVR1a) to examine the factors that render activin signaling as a promoter of PDAC progression. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to expose PDAC cells to activin A and determine its impact on disease potential by measuring cell growth, migration and metastasis. We also manipulated the expression of ACVR1a in the murine pancreas of an established pancreatic cancer mouse model and measured the progression of disease compared to control mice. Our studies show that activin A expression in the stromal fraction of human pancreatic tissue correlates to worse prognosis. Pancreatic stromal cells secrete high levels of activin A that increases epithelial cancer cells metastatic potential. Inhibition of activin A in vivo with a activin A specific neutralizing antibody reduced metastasis formation and cancer-induced cachexia. Meanwhile, in vivo manipulation of ACVR1a showed a significant survival benefit in mice without receptor expression but a constitutively active receptor in the pancreas was sufficient to drive accelerated invasive PDAC disease compared to control mice. This work defines activin signaling in late stages of PDAC as an important contributor to metastasis and advancement of disease. The delay on disease progression upon inhibition of activin A and ACVR1a separately, provide evidence that these novel therapeutic targets can be translated into the clinic. Patients that present with high levels of circulating activin A could benefit from activin A inhibition. In cases where a tissue biopsy can be collected, activin A and ACVR1a immunostaining could also stratify patients who can benefit from inhibition to both activin ligand and receptor combination therapy.
Effectiveness of Concept Mapping Tool
Creators: name: SEHRAWAT, RASNA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description: This study has adopted theories grounded in instructional applications of educational psychology and instructional technology to gauge effectiveness of concept mapping as a e-learning strategy across an effective sample of K-12 students. This study was intended to investigate effectiveness of concept mapping as a learning strategy employed to teach science concept to secondary school students. This exploratory study has been conducted with an aim to examine concept mapping strategy as an effective tool for K-12 students toward learning at e-platform. Approach employed for investigation in the current research is “contextually –specific” studying how particular strategy contributes in certain environment. The study has utilized a mixed methods approach to increase the validity and reliability of body of evidences. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered utilizing questionnaire and focus group discussions respectively. Questionnaire was analysed for perceptions on the use of concept mapping as e-learning strategy. Results are discussed in the light of instructional effectiveness towards usage of specific strategy in classroom environment. The findings confirmed that there was statistically significant difference between the mean scores of two groups inferring control group with lower mean rank and experimental group with higher mean rank. Overall, the study provided an insight into how students perceive learning through concept mapping strategy. It provides insights supported with evidences how concept mapping strategy enhances student’s learning .It is recommended that these evident of the research can serve as a basis to develop policy frameworks for integrating such strategies at K-12 level and shaping future e-learning strategies
Upper limits on the observational effects of nuclear pasta in neutron stars
Creators: name: Gearheart, M.
name: Newton, W. G.
name: Hooker, J.
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of the existence of exotic nuclear shapes at the bottom of the neutron star inner crust - nuclear `pasta' - on observational phenomena are estimated by comparing the limiting cases that those phases have a vanishing shear modulus and that they have the shear modulus of a crystalline solid . We estimate the effect on torsional crustal vibrations and on the maximum quadrupole ellipticity sustainable by the crust. The crust composition and transition densities are calculated consistently with the global properties, using a liquid drop model with a bulk nuclear equation of state (EoS) which allows a systematic variation of the nuclear symmetry energy. The symmetry energy J and its density dependence L at nuclear saturation density are the dominant nuclear inputs which determine the thickness of the crust, the range of densities at which pasta might appear, as well as global properties such as the radius and moment of inertia. We show the importance of calculating the global neutron star properties on the same footing as the crust EoS, and demonstrate that in the range of experimentally acceptable values of L, the pasta phase can alter the crust frequencies by up to a factor of three, exceeding the effects of superfluidity on the crust modes, and decrease the maximum quadrupole ellipticity sustainable by the crust by up to an order of magnitude. The signature of the pasta phases and the density dependence of the symmetry energy on the potential observables highlights the possibility of constraining the EoS of dense, neutron-rich matter and the properties of the pasta phases using astrophysical observations.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals the Transcriptome of Spermatogenesis in Fish with Sex Reversal
Creators: name: 黄英毅
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Monoisolate

description: Spermatogenesis in different vertebrates is considered to be conservative to a great extent, but frequently more adaptable in lower vertebrates. The opposition between genetic sex and physiological sex accompanied by infertility in mammal, but not certainly in fish. To better understand spermatogenesis in sexually reversed fish, we describe a high-resolution single-cell RNA-seq atlas of cells derived from male and pseudomale testis of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). We identified five germ cells and six somatic cell types and obtained the first single cell atlas of gene dynamic changes during spermatogenesis of fish. Focusing on spermatogenesis of pseudomale, we found that pseudomale Leydig cells and Sertoli cells exhibited functional inactivity, Ca2+ signaling pathway related genes decreased in spermatogonia but spermatogenesis was maintained through CaSR-MAPK mediated correction mechanism, and spermatocytes showed abnormal meiosis. Additionally, we focused on the absent of W gametes in pseudomales and found that Z chromosome-specific genes are dose dependent to spermatogenesis. Studies on the homogeneity and heterogeneity of spermatogenesis in normal males and pseudomales may provide a different perspective for analysis of human male infertility and treatment.
Gesture Recognition System Using Particle Filter
Creators: name: Abhinaya Ganesh
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We will be presenting a gesture recognition system based on particle filters. The accelerometer data from the UTD MHAD (Multi-modal Human Action Dataset) has been used to create the gesture templates using Dynamic Time Warping Barycenter Averaging. The input gesture is then matched with the template gestures to determine its belongingness to a class depending on the probability of the particles associated with each gesture. We manage to achieve an average of 87% accuracy for gestures in UTD MHAD and 82% average for UC Berkeley MHAD. The low-power hardware architecture for this model has also been designed in Quartus and checked in Modelsim for validation, it manages to achieve the accuracy with marginal 2% error in bit conversion.