cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Observations of a Zebra Pattern in Solar Decimetric Radio Burst
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Bastian, Timothy S.
name: Gary, Dale E.
name: Jing, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first interferometric observation of a zebra-pattern radio burst with simultaneous high spectral (~ 1 MHz) and high time (20 ms) resolution. The Frequency-Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR) Subsystem Testbed (FST) and the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) were used in parallel to observe the X1.5 flare on 14 December 2006. By using OVSA to calibrate the FST the source position of the zebra pattern can be located on the solar disk. With the help of multi-wavelength observations and a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, the zebra source is explored in relation to the magnetic field configuration. New constraints are placed on the source size and position as a function of frequency and time. We conclude that the zebra burst is consistent with a double-plasma resonance (DPR) model in which the radio emission occurs in resonance layers where the upper hybrid frequency is harmonically related to the electron cyclotron frequency in a coronal magnetic loop.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Bioenergy supply chain optimization - decision making under uncertainty
Creators: name: Zamar, David Sebastian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: In an age of dwindling fossil fuels, increased air pollution, and toxic groundwater, it is time we embrace renewable energy sources and commit to global green initiatives. In principle, biomass could be used to manufacture all the fuels and chemicals currently being manufactured from fossil fuels. Unlike fossil fuels, which take millions of years to reach a usable form, biomass is an energy source that can close the loop on many of our recycling and hazardous waste problems. The goal of this research is to develop flexible and easy to use mathematical frameworks suitable for the design and planning of biomass supply chains. This thesis deals with the development of discrete-continuous decision support methodology and algorithms for solving complex optimization problems frequently encountered in the procurement of biomass for bioenergy production. Uncertainty and randomness is predominant, although often ignored, throughout the biomass supply chain. Uncertainty in the biomass supply chain may be classified as upstream (supply) uncertainty, internal (process) uncertainty, and downstream (demand) uncertainty. This thesis endeavors to incorporate uncertainty in the modeling of biomass supply chains. For this purpose, stochastic modeling and scenario analysis methodologies are utilized. The main contributions of this thesis are: (i) the development of a novel stochastic optimization methodology, called quantile-based scenario analysis (QSA); and (ii) the development of optimization algorithms, namely constrained cluster analysis (CCA) and min-min min-max optimization algorithm (MMROA), for the collection of bales across multiple adjoining fields. These methodologies are applied to three distinct biomass procurement case studies. Results show that QSA achieves more favorable solutions than those obtained using existing stochastic or deterministic approaches. In addition, QSA is found to be computationally more efficient. In a case study involving the collection of forest harvest residues for several competing power plants, QSA achieved an average cost reduction of 11%. In a case study involving the collection of sawmill residues, QSA obtained a 6% gain in performance by accounting for uncertainty in the model parameters. In a case study involving the collection of bales, an 8.7% reduction in the total travel distance was obtained by the MMROA.
Attractivity, invariance and ergodicity for SDEs on Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Banas, Lubomir
name: Brzezniak, Zdzislaw
name: Ondrejat, Martin
name: Prohl, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a sufficient condition on nonlinearities of an SDE on a compact connected Riemannian manifold $M$ which implies that laws of all solutions converge weakly to the normalized Riemannian volume measure on $M$. This result is further applied to characterize invariant and ergodic measures for various SDEs on manifolds.
description: full preprint available at: http://na.uni-tuebingen.de/pub/prohl/papers/SDEs_Jan05.pdf
Constructing Entanglement Witness Via Real Skew-Symmetric Operators
Creators: name: Jafarizadeh, M. A.
name: Behzadi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, new types of EWs are introduced. They are constructed by using real skew-symmetric operators defined on a single party subsystem of a bipartite dxd system and a maximal entangled state in that system. A canonical form for these witnesses is proposed which is called canonical EW in corresponding to canonical real skew-symmetric operator. Also for each possible partition of the canonical real skew-symmetric operator corresponding EW is obtained. The method used for dxd case is extended to d1xd2 systems. It is shown that there exist Cd2xd1 distinct possibilities to construct EWs for a given d1xd2 Hilbert space. The optimality and nd-optimality problem is studied for each type of EWs. In each step, a large class of quantum PPT states is introduced. It is shown that among them there exist entangled PPT states which are detected by the constructed witnesses. Also the idea of canonical EWs is extended to obtain other EWs with greater PPT entanglement detection power.
description: 40 pages
Magnetic coupling properties of rare-earth metals (Gd, Nd) doped ZnO: first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Li, Shu-Shen
name: Xia, Jian-Bai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure and magnetic coupling properties of rare-earth metals (Gd, Nd) doped ZnO have been investigated using first-principles methods. We show that the magnetic coupling between Gd or Nd ions in the nearest neighbor sites is ferromagnetic. The stability of the ferromagnetic coupling between Gd ions can be enhanced by appropriate electron doping into ZnO:Gd system and the room-temperature ferromagnetism can be achieved. However, for ZnO:Nd system, the ferromagnetism between Nd ions can be enhanced by appropriate holes doping into the sample. The room-temperature ferromagnetism can also be achieved in the \emph{n}-conducting ZnO:Nd sample. Our calculated results are in good agreement with the conclusions of the recent experiments. The effect of native defects (V$_{\rm{Zn}}$, V$_{\rm{O}}$) on the ferromagnetism is also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Coherent Probing of Excited Quantum Dot States in an Interferometer
Creators: name: Sigrist, Martin
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.63.Kv, 03.65.−w, 73.23.Hk, 73.40.Gk

description: Measurements of elastic and inelastic cotunneling currents are presented on a two-terminal Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with a Coulomb-blockaded quantum dot embedded in each arm. Coherent current contributions, even in a magnetic field, are found in the nonlinear regime of inelastic cotunneling at a finite-bias voltage. The phase of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the current exhibits phase jumps of π at the onsets of inelastic processes. We suggest that additional coherent elastic processes occur via the excited state. Our measurement technique allows the detection of such processes on a background of other inelastic current contributions and contains qualitative information about the ratio of transport and inelastic relaxation rates.
Implications on the blazar sequence and inverse Compton models from Fermi bright blazars
Creators: name: Chen, Liang
name: Bai, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use the quasi-simultaneous spectra of Fermi bright blazars and Fermi detected narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) to study the blazar sequence and inverse Compton (IC) models. I. The synchrotron peak luminosities (L_{s}) significantly inverse correlate with the synchrotron peak frequencies (ν_{s}), L_{s}\proptoν_{s}^{-0.44}, which is consistent with the blazar sequence. In addition to the correlation, there are some blazars showing low ν_{s} and low L_{s}. To study the relation between these low ν_{s} low L_{s} blazars and the blazar sequence, we present correlations of the parameter L_{s}ν_{s}^{1/4} with the ratio of Compton to synchrotron peak frequencies (r_{Cs}\equivν_{C}/ν_{s}) and with the ratio of Compton to synchrotron luminosities (CD\equiv L_{C}/L_{s}). The results indicate that both correlations are significant with a Pearson's probability for null correlation of p=0.0218 and p=0.0286 respectively. This does not support the idea that the low ν_{s} low L_{s} blazars are sources with less beaming. Another possibility, as suggested by Ghisellini & Tavecchio, is that these blazars have relative lower black hole masses. To test this, we collect the black hole masses of 30 blazars from archives, and find that the hole mass correlates with the parameter L_{s}ν_{s}^{0.44} (p=0.0344). Therefore, the black hole masses of low ν_{s} low L_{s} blazars are statistically small. The NLS1s are thought to have lower black hole masses. We find that the four NLS1s detected by Fermi have low ν_{s} and low L_{s}. This supports the above result. II. The ratio r_{Cs} correlates with CD significantly (p=0.00375). The external Compton (EC) model can naturally explain this correlation, while synchrotron self Compton (SSC) model can not. This agrees with the findings of many authors that the EC process dominates the gamma-ray emission of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars.
description: 9 figures, accepted by ApJ
Identification of CXOU J171405.7-381031 as a New Magnetar with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Sato, Takuro
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Nakamura, Ryoko
name: Ishida, Manabu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the 3.8 s pulsar CXOU J171405.7-381031 with XMM-Newton, and discovered the significant dP/dt of 6.40+/-0.14X10^-11 s/s from this source for the first time, with the aid of archival Chandra data. The characteristic age (950 yr), the magnetic field strength (5X10^14 G), and the spin-down luminosity (4.5X10^34 erg/s) derived from P and dP/dt lead us to conclude that CXOU J171405.7-381031 should be identified as a new magnetar. The obtained characteristic age indicates that CXOU J171405.7-381031 is youngest among all known anomalous X-ray pulsars, which is consistent with the age estimation from the thermal X-rays of the associated supernova remnant. The ratio between 2-10 keV luminosity and spin-down luminosity is almost unity, which implies that CXOU J171405.7-381031 is the key source to connect magnetars and traditional radio pulsars.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, PASJ letter accepted
A Multi-APD readout for EL detectors
Creators: name: Lux, T.
name: Ballester, O.
name: Illa, J.
name: Jover, G.
name: Martin, C.
name: Rico, J.
name: Sanchez, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detectors with an electroluminesence readout show an excellence performance in respect of energy resolution making them interesting for various applications as X-ray detection, double beta and dark matter experiments, Compton and gamma cameras, etc. In the following the study of a readout based on avalanche photo diodes to detect directly the VUV photons is presented. Results of measurements with 5 APDs in xenon at pressures between 1 and 1.65 bar are shown indicating that such a readout can provide excellent energy and a moderate position resolution.
description: Talk given at the 5th Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events. Submitted to JPCS (Journal of Physics: Conference Series) for publication. 8 pages, 17 figures
Directional correlations between UHECRs and neutrinos observed with IceCube
Creators: name: Lauer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) above an energy threshold of tens of EeV might undergo only small deflections due to interstellar magnetic fields. Their arrival directions would then point to regions of possible hadronic acceleration processes, which are likely to be also sources of high energy neutrinos. To search for such cosmic accelerators, we present here the first high statistics analysis of directional correlations between neutrino candidates from the IceCube Observatory and UHECR events. Data taken with IceCube in a configuration of 22 strings provided the basis for using published events from both the Pierre Auger Observatory and the HiRes experiment as reference directions in a search for coincidences with neutrinos. The analysis was optimized according to strict blindness criteria and showed an excess of neutrino candidates close to UHECR directions with a probability of 1% to occur as a random fluctuation, consistent with a background-only hypothesis. An extension of this analysis to include newer IceCube data, taken with 40 strings and using a likelihood approach, is discussed in the outlook.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of ECRS 2010 held in Turku, submitted to Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans
What do people with cystic fibrosis eat? diet quality, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes (compared to recommended guidelines) in adults with cystic fibrosis–A systematic review
Creators: name: Greaney, Cian
name: Doyle, Ailish
name: Drummond, Nicola
name: King, Suzanne
name: Hollander-Kraaijeveld, Francis
name: Robinson, Katie
name: Tierney, Audrey
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Treatment advancements have improved life expectancy and nutritional status of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Alongside reductions in malnutrition, incidences of overweight, obesity and risk factors for diet-related chronic diseases have increased in recent years. This study aimed to synthesise the available literature on diet quality, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes compared to the recommended guidelines in adults with CF, an essential step in deducing the optimal dietary pattern and intakes for CF adults. Methods: A systematic search of five electronic databases from inception until April 2023 was conducted using keywords related to CF, diet quality and nutrient intakes. Results: Twenty-one studies were included comprising 18 cross-sectional, one cohort and two case control studies, reporting data from 724 adults with CF. Energy and / or macronutrient intake data was reported across 17 cohorts, eight studies provided micronutrients data, and diet quality was determined for four CF cohorts by using a diet quality score, and / or categorising food intake into servings per day for food groups and comparing findings to national dietary guidelines. Although energy intake recommendations were met, and most micronutrient requirements were achieved through supplementation, total energy intake from fat was above recommendations and diet quality was poor. Conclusion: This is the first systematic review comprehensively evaluating literature on dietary intakes of adults with CF. Energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods contribute to intakes which pose risk in developing diet-related chronic diseases. Revision of dietary guidelines and practice change in CF nutritional therapy is warranted to optimise nutrition and health outcomes.
Machine learning estimation of snow water equivalent over British Columbia
Creators: name: Snauffer, Andrew Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: In regions with hydrologic regimes dominated by spring snowmelt, reliable water resources forecasting and planning require accurate estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE). While various gridded data products can provide such estimates, they are especially challenging under conditions of mountainous terrain, heavy forest cover and large snow accumulations. These conditions aptly describe the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. SWE values from reanalyses, land data assimilation systems and observation-based data sets were compared with manual snow surveys over the five physiographic regions of BC. Yearly time series were generated for each survey month (January through June), and correlation, bias and mean absolute error (MAE) were found for each product and physiographic region. Better SWE estimates were seen in regions of lower snow accumulation and land relief, and a product performance ranking found three products to be the best: ERA-Interim/Land, GLDAS-2 and MERRA. Using the snow surveys as target data, combinations of the gridded SWE products and primary spatiotemporal covariates (survey date, year, latitude, longitude, elevation and grid cell elevation differences) were incorporated into multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The ANN using the best three products was found to have the lowest overall MAE compared to other products and models. This base ANN was then enhanced to include terrain covariates (slope, aspect and Terrain Ruggedness Index) and a simple one-layer energy balance snow model driven by bias-corrected ANUSPLIN temperatures and precipitations. Lagged predictor values compensated for early snow model melt off. These enhancements further improved mean station MAE by 10% and correlations by 0.04. The ANN models were also compared with the Variable Infiltration Capacity model calibrated for four BC watersheds. While the base ANN produced statistically significant MAE reductions in one region and correlation increases in two regions, the enhanced ANN achieved larger improvements that were significant in three and all five regions, respectively. These results demonstrate the promise of machine learning in fusing complementary information from sophisticated lower-resolution gridded products and a simple but higher-resolution snow model, improving SWE estimation in challenging contexts.
Guideline zum Lernen mit dem Gerät über das Gerät für verschiedene Zielgruppen
Creators: name: Döhner, Yasmin
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004

description: Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019; Aachen (2019). = Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019
description: Published by Aachen
Schülerlabor-Modul zum Thema Datenbanken für Schülerinnen und Schüler der Oberstufe
Creators: name: Reinartz, Fabian
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004

description: Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019; Aachen (2019). = Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019
description: Published by Aachen
Element abundances in the stars of the MILES spectral library: the Mg/Fe ratio
Creators: name: Milone, Andre de Castro
name: Sansom, Anne E.
name: Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained [Mg/Fe] measurements for 76.3% of the stars in the MILES spectral library used for understanding stellar atmospheres and stellar populations in galaxies and star clusters. These abundance ratios were obtained through (1) a compilation of values from the literature using abundances from high-resolution spectroscopic studies and (2) a robust spectroscopic analysis using the MILES mid-resolution optical spectra. All the [Mg/Fe] values were carefully calibrated to a single uniform scale, by using an extensive control sample with results from high-resolution spectra. The small average uncertainties in the calibrated [Mg/Fe] values (respectively 0.09 and 0.12 dex with methods (1) and (2)) and the good coverage of the stars with [Mg/Fe] over stellar atmospheric parameter space of the library will permit the building of new simple stellar populations (SSPs) with empirical $α$-enhancements. These will be available for a range of [Mg/Fe], including both sub-solar and super-solar values, and for several metallicities and ages. These models will open up new prospects for testing and applications of evolutionary stellar population synthesis.
description: 29 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
InfoSphere-Modul zum Thema Datenverarbeitung und Privatsphäre für Schülerinnen und Schüler der Mittelstufe
Creators: name: Schmeing, Elena
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004

description: Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019; Aachen (2019). = Bachelorarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2019
description: Published by Aachen
MPEC 2023-X150 : 2023 XJ4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XJ4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Products of all elements in a loop and a framework for non-associative analogues of the Hall-Paige conjecture
Creators: name: Pula, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B15, 20N05

description: For a finite loop $Q$, let $P (Q)$ be the set of elements that can be represented as a product containing each element of $Q$ precisely once. Motivated by the recent proof of the Hall-Paige conjecture, we prove several universal implications between the following conditions: (A) $Q$ has a complete mapping, i.e. the multiplication table of $Q$ has a transversal, (B) there is no $N \normal Q$ such that $|N|$ is odd and $Q/N \cong \ZZ_{2^m}$ for $m \geq 1$, and (C) $P(Q)$ intersects the associator subloop of $Q$. We prove $(A) \implies (C)$ and $(B) \iff (C)$ and show that when $Q$ is a group, these conditions reduce to familiar statements related to the Hall-Paige conjecture (which essentially says that in groups $(B) \implies (A))$. We also establish properties of $P(Q)$, prove a generalization of the Dénes-Hermann theorem, and present an elementary proof of a weak form of the Hall-Paige conjecture.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Acrylate and methacrylate esters: relationship of hemolytic activity and in vivo toxicity.
Creators: name: Dillingham, E. O.
name: Lawrence, W. H.
name: Autian, J.
name: Schmalz, Gottfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Acrylates/toxicity
subject: Animals
subject: Hemolysis/drug effects
subject: Lethal Dose 50
subject: Methacrylates/toxicity
subject: Mice
subject: Mice, Inbred ICR
subject: Regression Analysis

description: Quantitative hemolysis assays of acrylate and methacrylate esters provided estimates of the intrinsic hemolytic activity (Hi, the slope of the concentration-response curve) and the concentrations effecting 5% (H5) and 50% (H50) hemolysis. The dependence of hemolytic activity and LD50 (mice) on physical properties (lipophilicity, molar refraction, and molecular volume) of the esters was determined by multiple regression analysis. The observed correlations were: Hi, R2 = 0.94; H5, R2 = 0.95; H50, R2 = 0.94; and LD50, R2 (all compounds) = 0.80, R2 (all compounds less the methyl esters) = 0.94. The difference of the methyl esters was associated with the smaller steric volume of the methyl ester substituent and the presence (methacrylates) or absence (acrylates) of the branched methyl group. Associative steric contributions of the branched methyl group and the ester substituents were probably responsible for greater variability in the methyacrylate series. The results were consistent with the conclusion that the mechanism of the action of the esters is membrane mediated and relatively nonspecific and that in vivo biotransformation was not a significant factor. Also, long-term toxic liability of the esters may be more closely related to intrinsic toxicity than acute toxicity.
In Pursuit of New Physics with B^0_s -> K^+K^-
Creators: name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Knegjens, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The B^0_s -> K^+K^- decay is the U-spin partner of B^0_d -> pi^+π^- and allows a determination of the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. Using updated information on the branching ratio and the relevant hadronic form factors, we discuss the picture that emerges for gamma from the currently available data, which is in good agreement with the fits of the unitarity triangle. We point out that the B^0_s -> K^+K^- decay also offers interesting probes to search for new physics in B^0_s-\bar B^0_s mixing, thereby complementing the well-known B^0_s -> J/psi phi analyses. The relevant observables are the effective lifetime of this channel and its mixing-induced CP asymmetry. We calculate correlations between these quantities and the CP-violating B^0_s-\bar B^0_s mixing phase, which serve as target regions for improved measurements at the Tevatron and the early data taking at the LHCb experiment. Finally, we discuss the expected situation for the optimal determination of gamma at LHCb, exploiting precise measurements of the CP violation in B^0_s -> K^+K^-.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Biocompatible Nanoparticles Based on Amphiphilic Random Polypeptides and Glycopolymers as Drug Delivery Systems
Creators: name: Zashikhina, Natalia
name: Levit, Mariia
name: Dobrodumov, Anatoliy
name: Gladnev, Sergey
name: Lavrentieva, Antonina
name: Tennikova, Tatiana
name: Korzhikova-Vlakh, Evgenia
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: amphiphilic copolymers
subject: cellular uptake of particles
subject: drug delivery systems
subject: polymer particles
subject: polypeptides
subject: random and block-random copolymers
subject: synthetic glycopolymers
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: In this research, the development and investigation of novel nanoobjects based on biodegradable random polypeptides and synthetic non-degradable glycopolymer poly(2-deoxy-2-meth-acrylamido-D-glucose) were proposed as drug delivery systems. Two different approaches have been applied for preparation of such nanomaterials. The first one includes the synthesis of block-random copolymers consisting of polypeptide and glycopolymer and capable of self-assembly into polymer particles. The synthesis of copolymers was performed using sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) techniques. Amphiphilic poly(2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose)-b-poly(L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) (PMAG-b-P(Lys-co-Phe)) copolymers were then used for preparation of self-assembled nanoparticles. Another approach for the formation of polypeptide-glycopolymer particles was based on the post-modification of preformed polypeptide particles with an oxidized glycopolymer. The conjugation of the polysaccharide on the surface of the particles was achieved by the interaction of the aldehyde groups of the oxidized glycopolymer with the amino groups of the polymer on particle surface, followed by the reduction of the formed Schiff base with sodium borohydride. A comparative study of polymer nanoparticles developed with its cationic analogues based on random P(Lysco-D-Phe), as well as an anionic one––P(Lys-co-D-Phe) covered with heparin––was carried out. In vitro antitumor activity of novel paclitaxel-loaded PMAG-b-P(Lys-co-Phe)-based particles towards A549 (human lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells was comparable to the commercially available Paclitaxel-LANS.
Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field
Creators: name: Fischer, Daniel
name: King, Jordan
name: Rieckmann, Marco
name: Barth, Matthias
name: Büssing, Alexander
name: Hemmer, Ingrid
name: Lindau-Bank, Detlev
Publisher: name: London [u.a.] : Sage
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: assessment
subject: international teacher education
subject: learning environment
subject: systematic literature review
subject: Teacher Education for Sustainable Development
subject: teacher education research methodology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education.
Measurements of higher-order noise correlations in a quantum dot with a finite bandwidth detector
Creators: name: Gustavsson, S.
name: Leturcq, R.
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.63.Kv, 72.70.+m, 73.23.Hk

description: We present measurements of the fourth and fifth cumulants of the distribution of transmitted charge in a tunable quantum dot. We investigate how the measured statistics is influenced by the finite bandwidth of the detector and by the finite measurement time. By including the detector when modeling the system, we use the theory of full counting statistics to calculate the noise levels for the combined system. The predictions of the finite bandwidth model are in good agreement with measured data.
Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in a p+-(Ga,Mn)As/n+-GaAs Esaki diode
Creators: name: Ciorga, Mariusz
name: Einwanger, Andreas
name: Sadowski, Janusz
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.40.Kp; 73.43.Jn; 75.30.Gw; 75.50.Pp; 85.75.-d

description: We have performed magnetotransport experiments on p+-(Ga,Mn)As/n+-GaAs Esaki diode devices. The spin-valve-like signal was observed in these devices in an in-plane magnetic field configuration due to Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance effect. The pattern of the observed magnetic reversal process strongly depends on the observed magnetic anisotropy of the (Ga,Mn)As layer - depending on its type the sign of the spin-valve-like signal can be changed by a simple rotation of the magnetic field by 90° or not. The type of the anisotropy is found to be strongly shaped, in a random way, during processing of the wafer.
Phenotypic drug screening in a human fibrosis model identified a novel class of antifibrotic therapeutics
Creators: name: Gerckens, Michael
name: Schorpp, Kenji
name: Pelizza, Francesco
name: Wögrath, Melanie
name: Reichau, Kora
name: Ma, Huilong
name: Dworsky, Armando-Marco
name: Sengupta, Arunima
name: Stoleriu, Mircea Gabriel
name: Heinzelmann, Katharina
name: Merl-Pham, Juliane
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Alsafadi, Hani N.
name: Trenkenschuh, Eduard
name: Sarnova, Lenka
name: Jirouskova, Marketa
name: Frieß, Wolfgang
name: Hauck, Stefanie M.
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Kneidinger, Nikolaus
name: Behr, Jürgen
name: Hilgendorff, Anne
name: Hadian, Kamyar
name: Lindner, Michael
name: Königshoff, Melanie
name: Eickelberg, Oliver
name: Gregor, Martin
name: Plettenburg, Oliver
name: Yildirim, Ali Önder
name: Burgstaller, Gerald
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : Assoc.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological organs
subject: Cell culture
subject: Deposition
subject: Diagnosis
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Fibrogenic processes instigate fatal chronic diseases leading to organ failure and death. Underlying biological processes involve induced massive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) by aberrant fibroblasts. We subjected diseased primary human lung fibroblasts to an advanced three-dimensional phenotypic high-content assay and screened a repurposing drug library of small molecules for inhibiting ECM deposition. Fibrotic Pattern Detection by Artificial Intelligence identified tranilast as an effective inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship studies confirmed N-(2-butoxyphenyl)-3-(phenyl)acrylamides (N23Ps) as a novel and highly potent compound class. N23Ps suppressed myofibroblast transdifferentiation, ECM deposition, cellular contractility, and altered cell shapes, thus advocating a unique mode of action. Mechanistically, transcriptomics identified SMURF2 as a potential therapeutic target network. Antifibrotic activity of N23Ps was verified by proteomics in a human ex vivo tissue fibrosis disease model, suppressing profibrotic markers SERPINE1 and CXCL8. Conclusively, N23Ps are a novel class of highly potent compounds inhibiting organ fibrosis in patients.
The effect of a low-carbohydrate high-fat breakfast on glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Chang, Courtney Rochelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Improving overall glycemia by targeting postprandial glucose spikes, particularly at the breakfast meal when insulin resistance is the highest in type 2 diabetes (T2D), may help to prevent diabetes complications. The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether consuming a low-carbohydrate high-fat breakfast was superior to a breakfast with the dietary guidelines recommended nutrient profile for improving postprandial and 24-hour blood glucose responses to mixed meals in individuals with T2D. Adults with physician diagnosed T2D (N=23, 59 ± 11y, A1c: 6.7 ± 0.6%, BMI: 31 ± 7kg/m2) completed two 24-h isocaloric intervention periods, in a random order. Participants consumed either i) a low-carbohydrate high-fat breakfast [LC-BF; <10% energy from carbohydrate (CHO), 85% energy from fat (FAT), and 15% energy from protein (PRO)], or ii) a breakfast with the dietary guidelines recommended nutrient profile (GL-BF; 55%CHO/30%FAT/15%PRO), with the same lunch and dinner provided (both 55%CHO/30%FAT/15%PRO). Continuous glucose monitoring assessed postprandial glucose responses to each meal (incremental area under the curve; iAUC) and the mean 24-h glucose during each intervention. The postprandial glucose excursion (3h iAUC) after the LC-BF was ~80% lower than the GL-BF (p<0.01). Overall postprandial hyperglycemia (measured as the sum of the 3h iAUC of breakfast, lunch and dinner), and glycemic variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE]) were significantly reduced with the LC-BF compared to the GL-BF (3h iAUC: -100 ± 116 mmol/L•9h, p<0.01; MAGE: -0.4 ± 0.8 mmol/L•24h, p=0.03). However, the mean 24-h blood glucose was not significantly reduced (LC-BF: 7.2 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs. GL-BF: 7.5 ± 1.5 mmol/L, p=0.09). Restricting carbohydrate at breakfast reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with T2D. A low-carbohydrate high-fat breakfast may be a simple and effective strategy to reduce the development of diabetes complications in T2D and long-term interventions are warranted.
Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies
Creators: name: Cançado, L. G.
name: Jorio, A.
name: Ferreira, E. H. Martins
name: Stavale, F.
name: Achete, C. A.
name: Capaz, R. B.
name: Moutinho, M. V. O.
name: Lombardo, A.
name: Kulmala, T.
name: Ferrari, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Raman study of Ar(+)-bombarded graphene samples with increasing ion doses. This allows us to have a controlled, increasing, amount of defects. We find that the ratio between the D and G peak intensities for a given defect density strongly depends on the laser excitation energy. We quantify this effect and present a simple equation for the determination of the point defect density in graphene via Raman spectroscopy for any visible excitation energy. We note that, for all excitations, the D to G intensity ratio reaches a maximum for an inter-defect distance ~3nm. Thus, a given ratio could correspond to two different defect densities, above or below the maximum. The analysis of the G peak width and its dispersion with excitation energy solves this ambiguity.
description: Fixed numerical factors in equations (5) and (6)
Powers of Elements in Jordan Loops
Creators: name: Pula, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: A Jordan loop is a commutative loop satisfying the Jordan identity $(x^2 y) x = x^2 (y x)$. We establish several identities involving powers in Jordan loops and show that there is no nonassociative Jordan loop of order $9$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Vanishing cyclotron gaps in a two-dimensional electron system with a strong short-period modulation
Creators: name: Feil, Thomas
name: Výborný, K.
name: Smrčka, L.
name: Gerl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.23.−b, 73.43.Qt, 73.61.−r

description: Magnetotransport in a density-tunable two-dimensional electron gas that is modulated with a strong, atomically precise superlattice potential of a 15 nm period is investigated. For low densities, the system shows typical two-dimensional behavior. In the regime of large densities, however, a quasi-one-dimensional state is entered, in which the cyclotron gaps vanish and the quantum Hall effect breaks down. Both regimes, and the transition between them, are theoretically described in the framework of a quantum-mechanical tight-binding model.
Criterion for explosive percolation transitions on complex networks
Creators: name: Hooyberghs, H.
name: Van Schaeybroeck, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent Letter, Friedman and Landsberg discussed the underlying mechanism of explosive phase transitions on complex networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 255701 (2009)]. This Brief Report presents a modest, though more insightful extension of their arguments. We discuss the implications of their results on the cluster-size distribution and deduce that, under general conditions, the percolation transition will be explosive if the mean number of nodes per cluster diverges in the thermodynamic limit and prior to the transition threshold. In other words, if, upon increase of the network size n the amount of clusters in the network does not grow proportionally to n, the percolation transition is explosive. Simulations and analytical calculations on various models support our findings.
Dr. Ambedkar Ke Vyaktitv Kee Chhaap Aur DalitoddharDaridra Vyaktiyon Kee SamasyayenDr. NEETU SINGH TOMAR, Post Doctoral Fellow, University Grant Commission New Delhi
Creators: name: Tomar, Neetusingh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Dr. Ambedkar Ke Vyaktitv Kee Chhaap Aur Dalitoddhar
Linear optical quantum computation with imperfect entangled photon-pair sources and inefficient non-photon-number-resolving detectors
Creators: name: Gong, Yan-Xiao
name: Zou, Xu-Bo
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
name: Zhu, Shi-Ning
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for efficient cluster state quantum computation by using imperfect polarization-entangled photon-pair sources, linear optical elements and inefficient non-photon-number-resolving detectors. The efficiency threshold for loss tolerance in our scheme requires the product of source and detector efficiencies should be >1/2 - the best known figure. This figure applies to uncorrelated loss. We further find that the loss threshold is unaffected by correlated loss in the photon pair source. Our approach sheds new light on efficient linear optical quantum computation with imperfect experimental conditions.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Building Change Detection in Airborne Laser Scanning and Dense Image Matching Point Clouds Using a Residual Neural Network
Creators: name: Politz, F.
name: Sester, M.
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus Publications
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Airborne Laser Scanning
subject: Building Change Detection
subject: Deep Learning
subject: Dense Image Matching
subject: density-independent
subject: Jensen- Shannon-distance
subject: Point Cloud Processing
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: National Mapping Agencies (NMAs) acquire nation-wide point cloud data from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) sensors as well as using Dense Image Matching (DIM) on aerial images. As these datasets are often captured years apart, they contain implicit information about changes in the real world. While detecting changes within point clouds is not a new topic per se, detecting changes in point clouds from different sensors, which consequently have different point densities, point distributions and characteristics, is still an on-going problem. As such, we approach this task using a residual neural network, which detects building changes using height and class information on a raster level. In the experiments, we show that this approach is capable of detecting building changes automatically and reliably independent of the given point clouds and for various building sizes achieving mean F1-Scores of 80.5% and 79.8% for ALS-ALS and ALS-DIM point clouds on an object-level and F1-Scores of 91.1% and 86.3% on a raster-level, respectively.
Analyzing the Impact of Visitors on Page Views with Google Analytics
Creators: name: Omidvar, Mohammad Amin
name: Mirabi, Vahid Reza
name: Shokry, Najes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62M10, 62J05

description: This paper develops a flexible methodology to analyze the effectiveness of different variables on various dependent variables which all are times series and especially shows how to use a time series regression on one of the most important and primary index (page views per visit) on Google analytic and in conjunction it shows how to use the most suitable data to gain a more accurate result. Search engine visitors have a variety of impact on page views which cannot be described by single regression. On one hand referral visitors are well-fitted on linear regression with low impact. On the other hand, direct visitors made a huge impact on page views. The higher connection speed does not simply imply higher impact on page views and the content of web page and the territory of visitors can help connection speed to describe user behavior. Returning visitors have some similarities with direct visitors.
description: 32 pages,16 table, 10 figure
Bioprocess development for endospore production by Bacillus coagulans using an optimized chemically defined medium
Creators: name: Biermann, Riekje
name: Rösner, Laura
name: Beyer, Lisa-Marie
name: Niemeyer, Laura
name: Beutel, Sascha
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bacillus coagulans
subject: bioprocess development
subject: defined medium
subject: optimization
subject: spore production
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Bacillus coagulans is a promising probiotic, because it combines probiotic properties of Lactobacillus and the ability of Bacillus to form endospores. Due to this hybrid relationship, cultivation of this organism is challenging. As the probiotics market continues to grow, there is a new focus on the production of these microorganisms. In this work, a strain-specific bioprocess for B. coagulans was developed to support growth on one hand and ensure sporulation on the other hand. This circumstance is not trivial, since these two metabolic states are contrary. The developed bioprocess uses a modified chemically defined medium which was further investigated in a one-factor-at-a-time assay after adaptation. A transfer from the shake flask to the bioreactor was successfully demonstrated in the scope of this work. The investigated process parameters included temperature, agitation and pH-control. Especially the pH-control improved the sporulation in the bioreactor when compared to shake flasks. The bioprocess resulted in a sporulation efficiency of 80%–90%. This corresponds to a sevenfold increase in sporulation efficiency due to a transfer to the bioreactor with pH-control. Additionally, a design of experiment (DoE) was conducted to test the robustness of the bioprocess. This experiment validated the beforementioned sporulation efficiency for the developed bioprocess. Afterwards the bioprocess was then scaled up from a 1 L scale to a 10 L bioreactor scale. A comparable sporulation efficiency of 80% as in the small scale was achieved. The developed bioprocess facilitates the upscaling and application to an industrial scale, and can thus help meet the increasing market for probiotics.
Some Adventures in the Search for a Modified Gravity Explanation for Cosmic Acceleration
Creators: name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of cosmic acceleration has raised the intriguing possibility that we are witnessing the first breakdown of General Relativity on cosmological scales. In this article I will briefly review current attempts to construct a theoretically consistent and observationally viable modification of gravity that is capable of describing the accelerating universe. I will discuss f(R) models, and their obvious extensions, and the DGP model as an example of extra-dimensional implementations. I will then briefly describe the Galileon models and their very recent multifield and curved space extensions - a class of four-dimensional effective field theories encoding extra dimensional modifications to gravity. This article is dedicated to the career of my friend and former colleague, Joshua Goldberg, and is written to appear in his festschrift.
description: 17 pages, to appear in a festschrift for Joshua Goldberg