Cheiloneurus bion Noyes 2023, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Noyes, John Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Cheiloneurus
Cheiloneurus bion

description: Cheiloneurus bion sp.nov.   
(Figs 878-883; Hab. E 128)  
 DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.4-2.2mm): head mostly orange-brown, thorax mostly orange, remainder of body dark to black with a weak to moderate metallic sheen; antenna (Fig. 878) with scape white margined dark brown or orange; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; darker area of mesoscutum clothed with silvery setae; fore and hind coxae white, middle coxa white sometimes mixed brown; legs white to pale orange with brown areas on femora and tibiae; fore wing (Fig. 878) mostly infuscate with a V-shaped hyaline area proximal to linea calva, a small hyaline area at apex of venation and opposite on posterior wing margin, apex less strongly infuscate; head (Fig. 883) about 3.6X as wide as frontovertex, in facial view slightly longer than broad, suboval, genae converging and weakly curved; frontovertex naked medially below anterior ocellus; eye separated from scrobe by about 0.8X diameter of ocellus, area between eye and scrobe completely smooth, scrobal margin carinate; interantennal prominence dorsally rounded with about 40 conspicuous setae; mandible with two teeth and a truncation; antenna (Fig. 878) with scape about 4.6X as long as broad; funicle with F1 about 2X as long as broad, remaining segments longer than broad or sometimes F5 quadrate and F6 transverse; head width slightly less than length of flagellum; linear sensilla on F4-F6, sometimes also F4; clava 3-segmented, about as long as F4-F6 combined; sensory area large and forming an oblique truncation, extending nearly 0.4X along ventral margin; mesoscutum (Fig. 882) with coarse linear sculpture medially in anterior half and laterally, otherwise with polygonally reticulate sculpture; scutellum with a distinct apical tuft of setae; wings fully developed; fore wing (Fig. 880) about 3.0X as long as broad; parastigma very distinctly curved downwards; costal cell dorsally with 1 or 2 setae at apex and ventrally with a single complete line of setae that is broadly interrupted above parastigma; area below proximal part of parastigma with a group of about 20 setae; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins connected by a naked hyaline area that extends a little way into disc (Fig. 879); apical bristle of postmarginal vein about 0.7X as long as marginal vein; mid tibial spur about as long as basitarsus; propodeum with about 5 setae around each spiracle, side naked; syntergum about as long as mid tibia; ovipositor (Fig. 881) about 2.7X gonostylus or 2.2X as long as mid tibia; gonostylus about 2.3X as long as mid tibial spur; exserted part of ovipositor about 1.5X as long as mid tibial spur. Male: unknown.   
Female (holotype): length, including ovipositor, 2.24mm; excluding ovipositor, 1.90mm (CPD).  
Head pale orange-brown, darker on frontovertex, temple and gena; a moderate blue sheen on frontovertex, mixed purple anteriorly and behind ocelli; area between eye and scrobe brassy; top of interantennal prominence shining metallic blue, area between toruli green; mouth margin with a slight green lustre; temple largely metallic green or blue-green, mixed brassy; gena with a slight blue sheen, mixed purple; frontovertex with inconspicuous dark brown setae; antenna (Fig. 878) with radicle pale orange; scape white, with proximal two thirds of ventral margin narrowly dark brown, upper margin externally pale orange, internally with distal two-thirds dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; thorax orange with some darker areas; neck of pronotum laterally dark brown; mesoscutum posteriorly dark brown with a weak purple and indigo sheen, the anterior margin of the dark brown area convexly curved and extending a little more than half-way across mesoscutum, darker area clothed in silvery setae that are more dense anteriorly and laterally, setae in paler area pale brown; tegula orange-brown; axilla dusky posteriorly; scutellum largely clothed in pale brown setae, subapical tuft conspicuous and black; metanotum dark brown with a slight purple sheen; mesopleuron anterior slightly dusky and with a slight brassy, green and purple sheen, posterior half with a very weak purple and brassy sheen; fore coxa white; fore femur pale orange with a brown streak externally in distal half connected to an inconspicuous, brown, subapical ring, tibia mostly brown with apices white or pale orange; mid coxa ventrally brown, otherwise dirty white; mid femur white, apex pale orange with a small, external, subapical brown streak, tibia pale orange, dark brown, then white at extreme base and with a elongate, subbasal brown spot; hind coxa white; hind femur pale orange, pale brownish along ventral margin, hind tibia pale orange, but narrowly white basally with a small, faint, brown, subbasal spot externally; tarsi orange, pretarsi slightly dusky; fore wing (Fig. 880) infuscate with a hyaline pattern, especially proximally; submarginal vein pale yellow, otherwise venation brown; propodeum dark purple-brown with a green lustre, medially slightly purplish and brassy; sides with not more than 5 inconspicuous silvery setae near spiracle; gaster dark purple-brown, mixed coppery, purple and brassy, sides and outer plate of ovipositor additionally with some metallic blue and green; gonostylus pale yellow.  
Head (Fig. 883) in facial view about 3.6X as wide as frontovertex, in profile anteriorly almost evenly rounded, shallow, about 2X as high as deep; occipital margin carinate, occiput without a median groove above foramen; ocelli forming an angle of about 85°; frontovertex slightly shiny, with shallow, transversely elongate, reticulate sculpture of mesh size generally greater than diameter of eye facet; scrobal area and mouth margin with shallower sculpture, interantennal prominence dorsally smooth and shiny; temple virtually smooth, with extremely shallow, longitudinally elongate sculpture, gena with similar sculpture to temple but slightly deeper and of smaller cells; scrobes deep, meeting dorsally, dorsal and lateral margins sharp, carinate; antenna as in Fig. 878; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 4.6X as long as broad; all funicle segments clearly longer than broad, F1 relatively longest, about 3X as long as broad, segments broadest distad so that F6 is only about 1.2X as long as broad; linear sensilla present only on F3-F4; clava hardly broadened, about as long as F4-F6 combined, sutures oblique, sensory area enlarged, extending about one-third along clava ventrally, giving it a distinct, obliquely truncate appearance; eye almost reaching occipital margin, separated by less than diameter of facet, appearing naked, clothed with extremely short, inconspicuous setae; inner eye margins slightly diverging anteriorly; malar sulcus absent; mandible with 2 short, acute teeth and a truncation. Relative measurements: HW 79, HH 86, FV 22, OD 6, POL 12, OOL 0.5, OCL 7, AOL 9, EL 58, EW 40, MS 30, SL 39, SW 8.5.  
Thorax (Fig. 882) with shallow, irregular, polygonally reticulate sculpture on pronotum, generally of mesh size less than diameter facet; sculpture on mesoscutum, axilla and scutellum similar to that on pronotum, but more regular and significantly coarser; extreme apex and sides of scutellum completely smooth and shiny; visible part of mesoscutum about 2X as broad as long; scutellum very slightly broader than long, with a very distinct subapical tuft, setae at least about half as long as scutellum; hind femur about 4X as long as broad; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 878, 879; costal cell without setae dorsally at apex; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins connected by a distinct, naked, hyaline streak (Fig. 879); propodeum (Fig. 882) naked but for a few setae anterior and lateral to spiracle, medially about 0.18X as long as scutellum and completely smooth. Relative measurements: FWL 76, FWW 25.5; HWL 68, HWW 17.  
Gaster without “gland-like” structures on Gt1 or Gt5; hypopygium reaching about half-way to apex; syntergum about as long as mid tibia, with apex acute; ovipositor (Fig. 881) well exserted, the exserted part about 1.5X as long as mid tibial spur or about 0.6X as long as mid tibia. Relative measurements: OL 98, GL 36 [MT 44].  
Variation. Females vary in overall length from 1.36-2.24mm, the mid coxa may be completely white or dirty white mixed brown, in smaller specimens F5 may be quadrate and F6 transverse, linear sensilla may be present on F3-F6 or F4-F6, otherwise little variation noted in material examined.  
Male. Unknown.  
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica.  
HOSTS. Unknown.  
MATERIAL EXAMINED.  
 Type material. Holotype E: COSTA RICA, Heredia, 3km S. Puerto Viejo, OTS-La Selva, 100m, canopy fog Carapa sp., FOT/02, 15.iii.1993. Paratypes: COSTA RICA, 1E, Heredia, Estacion Biologica La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, 24-25.ii.2011 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 9°59’N 84°08’W, 14.ii.2015 (J.S. Noyes). Holotype in NHMUK, paratypes in MZUCR and NHMUK.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), pp. 1-921 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 2 (11) on pages 352-353, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8074943