cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hymenoepimecis tedfordi Gauld 1991
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Hymenoepimecis
Hymenoepimecis tedfordi

description: 2. Hymenoepimecis tedfordi Gauld, 1991
Hymenoepimecis tedfordi Gauld 1991: 340 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, San José Prov., San Antonio de Escazú, 1400 m, i.1984, coll. W.G. Eberhard; ♀ ♂; host].
References. Gauld et al. 1998: 121 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld 2000: 216 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 46 [El Salvador]. Eberhard 2013: 655 [Costa Rica; host; biology]. Pádua et al. 2020b: 60, 62 [in key], 89 [diagnosis; Nicaragua].
Diagnosis. Wings hyaline. Mesosoma predominantly reddish orange with propleuron, pronotum and propodeum blackish. Metasoma with all tergites black or dark reddish black. Sternite 1 with a low, rounded swelling posteriorly. Distance from tegula to head about 0.6× distance from tegula to hind margin of propodeum.
Variation. A single female from Mexico generally corresponds with the original description of this species, but has apical metasomal tergites more or less dark reddish black.
Material examined. MEXICO. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Mahosik’, Tenejapa, 4800 ft. (= 1465 m), 9–12.vii.1966, coll. D.E. Breedlove & L. Emmel.
Distribution. Mexico (Chiapas), El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.
Biology. Reared from spider Leucauge mariana (Keyserling) (Tetragnathidae) in Costa Rica (Gauld 1991); the host-parasitoid relations with this host were studied by Eberhard (2013).
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Coccus Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Choi, Jinyeong
name: Soysouvanh, Pheophanh
name: Lee, Seunghwan
name: Hong, Ki-Jeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Coccus

description: Genus Coccus Linnaeus, 1758
Type species: Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Opinion 1303 (1985). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae spinose, pointed, blunt or cylindrical (Figs 17C, 19B, 23D, 25E, 27D, 29A) (except in C. formicarii, in which they are setose, Fig. 21C). Marginal setae with pointed or fimbriate apices (Figs 17J, 19J, 20C, 21B, 23M, 25A, 26C, 27B, 28C, 29I). Venter with tubular ducts usually present on medial area of thorax or distributed in submarginal area (Figs 17G, 19F, 21I, 23L, 25M, 27K, 29L); and legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (Figs 22E, 23I, 24E, 25L, 26E, 27H, 28F, 29M) (except in C. capparidis and C. formicarii, Figs 17H, 20E, 21H) (Hodgson 1994; Wang & Feng 2012a).
Remarks. Coccus is a large genus, comprising about 111 described species from all zoogeographical regions (García Morales et al. 2016). Adult females of the genus are easily recognized by the presence of ventral tubular ducts mainly in the medial area of the thorax and legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (Hodgson 1994).
description: Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
Oxyrrhexis Forster 1869
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Oxyrrhexis

description: Genus Oxyrrhexis Förster, 1869
Oxyrrhexis Förster 1869: 166. Type species: Cryptus carbonator Gravenhorst, 1807, by monotypy (Schmiedeknecht 1888: 432; see also Perkins 1962: 441).
References. Viereck 1914: 108 [syn. of Acrodactyla]. Townes & Townes 1960: 242 [description; 1 species in Nearctic region]. Townes 1969: 106 [diagnosis]. Carlson 1979: 336 [catalogue; 1 species in North America]. Gauld & Dubois 2006: 552 [description; Holarctic genus with 2 species]. Liu et al. 2009 [review of 3 species from China (2 described as new); key]. Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014 [review; 1 new species from Norway; host, biology].
Oxyrrhexis is a small genus with four species: two species in Eastern Palaearctic region and Oriental China, one recently described species from Norway (Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014), and one widely distributed Holarctic species, O. carbonator. The latter species, as well as the genus Oxyrrhexis, is recorded here from Mexico for the first time.
Oxyrrhexis is very similar to Polysphincta, but differs from this genus by the shorter ovipositor and more densely and coarsely punctate metasomal tergites (Townes & Townes 1960; Townes 1969). Three Costa Rican species of Polysphincta also possess a rather short ovipositor and their generic placement may need to be reassigned (Gauld 1991: 308).
Species of Oxyrrhexis are koinobiont ectoparasitoids of adult spiders. Fritzén & Fjellberg (2014) supposed that Oxyrrhexis is a genus specialized on spiders of Theridiidae and might be restricted to only two theridiid genera, Steatoda Sundevall and Enoplognatha Pavesi, or to subfamilies Asageninae, Enoplognathinae and less likely also Theridiinae.
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on pages 170-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Ictonyx Kaup 1835
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx

description: Ictonyx Kaup 1835
Ictonyx Kaup 1835, Das Thierreich in Seinen Hauptformen, Vol. 1: 352.
Type Species: Ictonyx capensis Kaup 1835
Synonyms: Ictidonyx Agassiz 1846; Ictomys Roberts 1936; Ozolictis Gloger 1841; Poecilictis Thomas and Hinton 1920; Rhabdogale Wiegmann 1838; Zorilla Oken 1816; Zorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1826.
Species and subspecies: 2 species with 23 subspecies:
Species Ictonyx libyca (Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833)
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata Wagner 1841
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. oralis Thomas and Hinton 1920
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. rothschildi Thomas and Hinton 1920
Species Ictonyx striatus (Perry 1810)
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus Perry 1810
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. albescens Heller 1913
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. arenarius Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. elgonis Granvik 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. erythreae de Winton 1898
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. giganteus Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. intermedius Anderson and de Winton 1902
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. kalaharicus Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. lancasteri Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. limpopoensis Roberts 1917
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. maximus Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. obscuratus de Beaux 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. orangiae Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. ovamboensis Roberts 1951
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. pretoriae Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. senegalensis J. B. Fischer 1829
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. shoae Thomas 1906
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. shortridgei Roberts 1932
Discussion: There is considerable controversy over the correct name for this genus (Hershkovitz, 1955 b; Van Gelder, 1966). Zorilla Oken (1816) is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956 b). Zorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1826), was suppressed under the plenary powers for the purposes of the Principle of Priority (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1967). Rosevear (1974) strongly suggested, and Dekeyser (1955) and Niethammer (1987 a) argued that Poecilictis and Ictonyx are congeneric. The principal skull features used to erect the new genus by Thomas and Hinton (1920) could not be supported when a more extensive series of specimens was measured (Rosevear, 1974).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Coccus capparidis
Creators: name: Choi, Jinyeong
name: Soysouvanh, Pheophanh
name: Lee, Seunghwan
name: Hong, Ki-Jeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Coccus
Coccus capparidis

description: Coccus capparidis (Green, 1904)
(Figs 16, 17)
Lecanium capparidis Green, 1904b: 187.
Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae clavate (Fig. 17C); tubular ducts absent; duct tubercles present (Fig. 17B); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates (Fig. 17D). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed or slightly fimbriate apices (Fig. 17J). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 7 or 8 loculi, frequent around vulvar area, less frequently present on anterior area of abdomen (Fig. 17F); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, restricted to submarginal area of abdomen (Fig. 17G); pregenital setae numbering 1 or 2 pairs; antenna 6 or 7 segmented (Fig. 17K); and legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (Fig. 17H) (partially adopted from Williams & Watson 1990; Wang & Feng 2012a).
Material examined. 2 ♀♀, LAOS, Saysetha Dist., Vientiane Capital, 24.vii.2016, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. (Fabaceae).
Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), C. capparidis has been recorded from plants belonging to 32 genera in 21 families.
Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region (Hong Kong, India and Sri Lanka) (García Morales et al. 2016); Laos (new country record).
Economic importance. Coccus capparidis has been listed as a potential pest of citrus in Egypt (Morse et al. 1996); also, Ben-Dov (1980) and Blumberg & Swirski (1984) reported that in Israel it mostly infests citrus.
Remarks. Coccus capparidis differs from other Lao species of Coccus in possessing ventral tubular ducts in the submarginal areas of the abdomen only.
description: Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
Ictonyx libyca
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx libyca

description: Ictonyx libyca (Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833)
[Mustela] libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833, Symb. Phys. Mamm., vol. 1, pt. 2, sig. K: verso.
Type Locality: "Libyae" [Libya].
Vernacular Names: Saharan Striped Polecat.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata Wagner 1841
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. oralis Thomas and Hinton 1920
Subspecies Ictonyx libyca subsp. rothschildi Thomas and Hinton 1920
Distribution: Burkina Faso, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).
Discussion: Thomas and Hinton (1920), and Baryshnikov and Abramov (1997, 1998) placed it in Poecilictis. Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Oxyrrhexis carbonator
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Oxyrrhexis
Oxyrrhexis carbonator

description: 1. Oxyrrhexis carbonator (Gravenhorst, 1807)
Cryptus carbonator Gravenhorst 1807: 264 [type:? Germany (destroyed)].
Synonyms:
Acrodactyla carbonatrix Schulz, 1906 (unjustified emendation).
Polysphincta carbonator morio Kiss, 1929 (Horstmann 2009: 679).
Polysphincta pussila Fonscolombe, 1854 (Seyrig 1932: 112).
Polysphincta velata Hartig, 1838 (Aubert 1967: 898).
References. Townes 1944: 50 [catalogue]. Townes & Townes 1960: 242 [description; key to 2 subspecies]. Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014: 136 [distribution in Europe; host]. Gadallah & El-Hennawy 2017 [Egypt; host].
Holarctic species, O. carbonator, comprises two subspecies, the nominotypical subspecies from the Palaearctic region and the other Nearctic. The Nearctic O. carbonator texana differs from the Palaearctic subspecies by the hind femur with a rather strong subapical infuscate band (Fig. 38), reddish orange and whitish coxae without fuscous marks, and sharper fuscous banding on hind tibia (Fig. 38) (Townes & Townes 1960).
This species has been reared from many hosts of the spider families Araneidae, Linyphiidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae and Thomisidae, but all require verification (Gauld & Dubois 2006: 553). Fritzén & Fjellberg (2014) suggested that the only reliable host of European O. carbonator is Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Theridiidae) and considered all other host records in literature (listed by Yu et al. 2012) of non- Steatoda spiders, and also members of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, as misidentifications of either the parasitoid or host. Recently, O. carbonator was reared from the titanoecid spider Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas) (Titanoecidae) in Egypt (Gadallah & El-Hennawy 2017).
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Coccus celatus De Lotto. For 1960
Creators: name: Choi, Jinyeong
name: Soysouvanh, Pheophanh
name: Lee, Seunghwan
name: Hong, Ki-Jeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Coccus
Coccus celatus

description: Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960
(Figs 18, 19)
Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960: 395.
Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae bluntly spinose (Fig. 19B); tubular ducts absent; duct tubercles present (Fig. 19D); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates (Fig. 19C). Marginal setae spinose, with conspicuous fimbriate apices (Fig. 19J). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 10–12 loculi (Fig. 19E); tubular ducts of 2 types: type I each with a broad inner ductule, present around meta-, meso-, and procoxa, and type II each with a filamentous inner ductule, usually present in submarginal areas of abdomen, also a few ducts present on submargin of thorax (Fig. 19F); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 8 segmented; and legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (partially adopted from De Lotto 1960; Williams & Watson 1990).
Material examined. 5 ♀♀, LAOS, Xaythany Dist, Vientiane Capital, 16.i.2017, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Benth. (Apocynaceae).
Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), C. celatus has been recorded from plants belonging to 17 genera in 10 families.
Distribution. Mainly known from Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental Regions (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam) (García Morales et al. 2016); Laos (new country record).
Economic importance. Coccus celatus was listed as a coffee pest together with C. alpinus De Lotto and C. viridis (Green) (Waller et al. 2007). Infestation of C. celatus on coffee has been reported also from Brazil (Granara de Willink et al. 2010) and Papua New Guinea (Williams 1982; Murphy 1991).
Remarks. Among coffee soft scale pests in Laos, Coccus celatus is similar to C. viridis (Green), but is easily separated by having multilocular disc-pores mostly each with 10–12 loculi, and ventral tubular ducts each with a filamentous inner ductule present in submarginal areas of the abdomen. In contrast, C. viridis has multilocular discpores mostly each with 7 loculi, and ventral tubular ducts each with a broad inner ductule mainly distributed in medial areas of the thorax.
description: Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
Oxyrrhexis carbonator subsp. texana
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Oxyrrhexis
Oxyrrhexis carbonator
Oxyrrhexis carbonator texana (cresson, 1870)

description: Oxyrrhexis carbonator texana (Cresson, 1870)
(Figs 35–39)
Polysphincta texana Cresson 1870: 149 [♀ (ANSP), USA, Texas].
Synonyms: Polysphincta bicarinata Davis, 1898 (name preoccupied by Riley, 1871). Polysphincta vicina Provancher, 1873 (Dalla Torre 1901: 403).
References. Cresson 1872: 166 [Polysphincta; USA (Texas)]. Cushman 1913: 157 [Polysphincta; host]. Cresson 1916: 58 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated; USA, Texas]. Cushman 1920: 21 [Polysphincta (Polysphincta); remarks on taxonomy; USA (many localities); host]. Townes & Townes 1960: 243 [description; key to 2 subspecies; Canada, USA (many localities); host]. Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014: 137 [USA (Alaska); host].
Variation. A single female from Mexico corresponds well with description of O. carbonator texana given by Townes & Townes (1960), but differs from the illustration of this species (Townes & Townes 1960: 591 [Fig. 295, b]) by the median longitudinal carinae of propodeum very short, discernible only as short tubercles anteriorly (distinct in anterior 0.6 of propodeum according to Townes), and lateromedian longitudinal carinae of the first tergite developed only in its basal half (distinct in basal 0.8–0.9 of the tergite according to Townes).
Remarks. The species resembles the Costa Rican Polysphincta gutfreundi Gauld, P. janzeni Gauld and P. naranjae Gauld et al. in having a submetapleural carina complete (Fig. 37), but is distinct in having an almost entirely black mesosoma (Fig. 37). It also differs from the North American P. burgessi Cresson by the hind leg with tibia extensively marked with black and tarsus almost entirely black excepting basitarsus with a narrow white band basally (Fig. 38).
Material examined. MEXICO. Coahuila: 1 ♀ (UAT) Arteaga, Jame, pine forest, 11.vii.2000, coll. C.A. Covarrubias-Dimas. & S. Hernández-Aguilar.
Distribution. Canada, USA (very widely distributed, including Alaska), Mexico (Coahuila). First record of genus and species from Mexico.
Biology. Reared from Steatoda borealis (Hentz) (Theridiidae) in USA (Cushman 1913; Townes & Townes 1960; Fritzén & Fjellberg 2014).
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on pages 171-173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx libyca
Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca hemprich and ehrenberg 1833

description: Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833, Symb. Phys. Mamm., vol. 1, pt. 2, sig. K: verso.
Type Locality: "Libyae" [Libya].
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata Wagner 1841
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx libyca
Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata wagner 1841

description: Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata Wagner 1841
Synonyms: Ictonyx libyca subsp. frenata Sundevall 1842; Ictonyx libyca subsp. vaillantii (Loche 1856).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Ictonyx striatus
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx striatus

description: Ictonyx striatus (Perry 1810)
[Bradypus] striatus Perry 1810, Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist. Signature Y: Fig. [41] [1810].
Type Locality: "South America". This is clearly in error and Hollister (1918) fixed the type locality as " Cape of Good Hope". [South Africa].
Vernacular Names: Striped Polecat.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus Perry 1810
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. albescens Heller 1913
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. arenarius Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. elgonis Granvik 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. erythreae de Winton 1898
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. giganteus Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. intermedius Anderson and de Winton 1902
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. kalaharicus Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. lancasteri Roberts 1932
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. limpopoensis Roberts 1917
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. maximus Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. obscuratus de Beaux 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. orangiae Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. ovamboensis Roberts 1951
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. pretoriae Roberts 1924
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. senegalensis J. B. Fischer 1829
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. shoae Thomas 1906
Subspecies Ictonyx striatus subsp. shortridgei Roberts 1932
Distribution: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).
Discussion: Reviewed by Larivière (2002 b). See Hollister (1918) on the use of this name. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Polysphincta albipes Cresson 1880
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Polysphincta
Polysphincta albipes

description: 1. Polysphincta albipes Cresson, 1880
(Figs 40–42, 57–64)
Polysphincta albipes Cresson 1880: 208 [holotype ♂ (lost), USA, Florida, Rock Ledge, bred from cocoons found on an orange leaf].
Synonym: Polysphincta eboripes Townes & Townes, 1960 (Carlson 1979: 337).
References. Cresson 1916: 15 [holotype lost]. Cushman 1920: 23 [remarks on type and host]. Townes 1944: 54 [catalogue]. Townes & Townes 1960: 254 [P. eboripes (description)], 255 [P. albipes; reproduction of Cresson’s original description]. Greenbaum 1977 [USA (Florida)]. Carlson 1979: 337 [catalogue; P. eboripes (syn.); remarks on taxonomy].
Remarks. Three females from Michoacán have hind coxa and all femora orange (Figs 57, 62) and pronotal mediodorsal projection weaker (Figs 59, 64) than in typical P. albipes. The specimen from Cheran also has first metasomal tergite very abruptly angled at base (Fig. 64, arrow). These specimens have been tentatively identified as P. albipes var. although their taxonomic status is unclear and requires further investigation.
Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañón del Novillo, bosque de pinoencino, 800 m, 17.iv.1988, coll. R. Meza V. 1 ♀ (ZISP) NW of Cd. Victoria, Los Troncones (park), 27.iii.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim.
Other material. MEXICO. Michoacán: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 6 mi. N of Cheran, 8.viii.1985, coll. J.B. Woolley & G. Zolnerowicz. 1 ♀ (UAT) Morelia, Cerro Punhuato, Área de Fresnos, 19º41’924”N, 101º08’272”W, 2111 m, 16.vii.2010, coll. Ana L. Escalante Jiménez. 1 ♀ (ZISP) Morelia, Cerro Punhuato, Jardín Botánico, 19º41’658”N, 101º08’284”N, 2072 m, 2.vii.2010, coll. Ana L. Escalante Jiménez.
Distribution. East and central USA (Kansas, Pennsylvania to Florida), Mexico (Tamaulipas,? Michoacán). First record from Mexico.
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on pages 174-175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Frontiers of sovereignty: an environmental history of law, science, and profit on the French Kerguelen Islands
Creators: name: Sinclair, Katherine Mariko
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: The Kerguelen Islands are a remote archipelago with no indigenous population in the far southern Indian Ocean, claimed by France since 1772. “Frontiers of Sovereignty” examines how French administrators, politicians, entrepreneurs, and scientists have worked to translate France’s sovereignty claim into fact from the late nineteenth century until the present. Although the “desert island” is the model for traditional Westphalian sovereignty, study of the Kerguelen Islands reveals the difficulties and uncertainties inherent in trying to claim an actual desert island. I reveal how continuous efforts to renew the French claim to the Kerguelen Islands transformed them into a “permanent frontier” on the fringes of empire, where French administrators, politicians, entrepreneurs, and scientists experimented with different methods of establishing a French presence and generating value. The nature and space of the Kerguelen Islands frontier has changed over time, responding to international developments in science, technology, economics, and law. The frontier has not only moved through space, from the ocean surface to the beaches to the tundra, but also changed in shape, growing to three dimensions as French claims and ideas of value encompassed the upper atmosphere of the islands as well as the seabed around them. The shift from horizontal to volumetric concepts of sovereignty drew from, responded to, and transformed international developments in law, policy, and technology. Today, the frontier of the Kerguelen Islands includes land, sea, and airspace. While French politicians, administrators, entrepreneurs and scientists experimented with many methods of making the Kerguelen Islands valuable, today the forms of value that remain are the ones that involve the least human intervention in the territory. Invoking the value of the Kerguelen Islands as a nature reserve and an island “laboratory,” the French state can claim the maximum amount of national control over the Kerguelen Islands while invoking them to justify plans for international environmental governance on the regional and even the planetary scale. As a permanent frontier at the imagined boundary between “human” and “nature,” the Kerguelen Islands allow France to abstract local and specific landscapes/environments/forms of life in the name of the planetary. At the same time, however, close attention to the local and specific on the Kerguelen Islands reveal the problems inherent in any form of abstracted governance, from the desert island model of Westphalian sovereignty to current efforts at neoliberal or planetary forms of governance today.
Coccus formicarii
Creators: name: Choi, Jinyeong
name: Soysouvanh, Pheophanh
name: Lee, Seunghwan
name: Hong, Ki-Jeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Coccus
Coccus formicarii

description: Coccus formicarii (Green, 1896)
(Figs 20, 21)
Lecanium formicarii Green, 1896: 10.
Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae sharply setose (Fig. 21C); tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent; preopercular pores present in an elongate group anterior to anal plates (Fig. 21D). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed apices (Figs 20C, 21B). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 7–10 loculi (Fig. 21G); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, abundant on medial area between procoxae, between mesocoxae, and around each meso- and metacoxa (Figs 20D, 21I); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 7 or 8 segmented (Fig. 21L); and legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (Figs 20E, 21H) (partially adopted from Hodgson 1994).
Material examined. 25 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area,
Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 4.v.2015, coll. J.Y. Choi, on Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae).
Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), C. formicarii has been recorded from plants belonging to 44 genera in 30 families.
Distribution. Mainly known from Madagascan and Oriental Regions (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand) (García Morales et al. 2016); Laos (new country record).
Economic importance. Evans & Dooley (2013) recorded C. formicarii as a frequently intercepted species at U.S. ports and a potential threat to the U.S.A.; however, heavy infestations on its hosts have not yet been reported.
Remarks. Coccus formicarii is most similar to C. multisetus Wang & Feng, but differs from it in having 3 pairs of pregenital setae and in lacking ventral tubular ducts in submarginal areas. In contrast, C. multisetus has only 2 pairs of pregenital setae and ventral tubular ducts sparsely present in submarginal areas (Wang & Feng 2012a).
description: Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus Perry 1810
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx striatus
Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus perry 1810

description: Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus Perry 1810
Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus Perry 1810, Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist. Signature Y: Fig. [41] [1810].
Type Locality: "South America". This is clearly in error and Hollister (1918) fixed the type locality as " Cape of Good Hope". [South Africa].
Synonyms: Ictonyx striatus subsp. capensis (A. Smith 1826); Ictonyx striatus subsp. mustelina (Wagner 1841); Ictonyx striatus subsp. pondoensis Roberts 1924; Ictonyx striatus subsp. variegata (Lesson 1842).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 607, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Polysphincta gutfreundi Gauld 1991
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Polysphincta
Polysphincta gutfreundi

description: 2. Polysphincta gutfreundi Gauld, 1991
(Figs 43–45)
Polysphincta gutfreundi Gauld 1991: 316 [holotype ♀ (BMNH), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Santa Rosa Sector, Bosque San Emilio, 300 m, x.1985, coll. D. Janzen & I.D. Gauld; ♀].
References. Gauld et al. 1998: 42 [in key; host], 172 [remarks; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 44 [El Salvador]. Barrantes et al. 2008 [Costa Rica; host, biology]. Eberhard 2010 [host, biology; Costa Rica]. Eberhard 2019 [host, biology; Costa Rica]. Eberhard 2021 [host, biology; Costa Rica].
Remarks. This is the first record of male.
Variation. Female and male from Mexico (Fig. 43) have pronotum extensively black and colour markings on legs much scarcer than in specimens from Costa Rica. In male from Tamaulipas metapleuron is dark reddish brown.
Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♂ (UAT) Ocampo, 23 km Ocampo – Tula, bosque encino, 21.i.1995, coll. C.A. Covarrubias-Dimas. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 50 km ESE of Comitán, National Park Lagos de Montebello, 16.106551, -91.705158, 1500 m, 8.viii.2021, coll. A.I. Khalaim.
Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Chiapas), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.
Biology. Reared from the spider genus Cyclosa Menge (Araneidae) (Gauld et al. 1998) and Allocyclosa bifurca (McCook) (Araneidae) (Barrantes et al. 2008; Eberhard 2010, 2019, 2021) in Costa Rica. The parasitoid larva induces the host spider, A. bifurca, to spin a modified “cocoon web” which probably improves the physical stability of the web and survival of the wasp pupa (Eberhard 2010, 2019, 2021).
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis Roberts 1932
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Ictonyx
Ictonyx striatus
Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis roberts 1932

description: Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis Roberts 1932
Synonyms: Ictonyx striatus subsp. nigricaudus Roberts 1932.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 608, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Downscaling with the foundation model AtmoRep
Creators: name: Langguth, Michael
name: Lessig, Christian
name: Schultz, Martin
name: Luise, Ilaria
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2024, EGU 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14 Apr 2024 - 19 Apr 2024; doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-18331
description: In recent years, deep neural networks (DNN) to enhance the resolution of meteorological data, known as statistical downscaling, have surpassed classical statistical methods that have been developed previously with respect to several validation metrics. The prevailing approach for DNN downscaling is to train deep learning models in an end-to-end manner. However, foundation models trained on very large datasets in a self-supervised way have proven to provide new SOTA results for various applications in natural language processing and computer vision. To investigate the benefit of foundation models in Earth Science applications, we deploy the large-scale representation model for atmospheric dynamics AtmoRep (Lessig et al., 2023) for statistical downscaling of the 2m temperature over Central Europe. AtmoRep has been trained on almost 40 years of ERA5 data from 1979 to 2017 and has shown promising skill in several intrinsic and downstream applications. By extending AtmoRep’s encoder-decoder with a tail network for downscaling, we super-resolve the coarse-grained 2 m temperature field from ERA5-data (Δx = 25 km) to attain the high spatial resolution (Δx = 6 km) of the COSMO REA6 dataset. Different coupling approaches between the core and tail network (e.g. with and without fine-tuning the core model) are tested and analyzed in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Preliminary results show that downscaling with a task-specific extension of the foundation model AtmoRep can improve the downscaled product in terms of standard evaluation metrics such as the RMSE compared to a task-specific deep learning model. However, deficiencies in the spatial variability of the downscaled product are also revealed, highlighting the need for future work to focus especially on target data that inhibit a high degree of spatial variability and intrinsic uncertainty such as precipitation.
Polysphincta koebelei Howard 1892
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique
name: Coronado-Blanco, Juana María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Polysphincta
Polysphincta koebelei

description: 3. Polysphincta koebelei Howard, 1892
(Figs 46–49)
Polysphincta (Zaglyptus) koebelei Howard 1892: 293 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, California, Santa Cruz Mts.].
References. Cushman 1920: 24 [description; USA (California, Kanzas); host]. Townes & Townes 1960: 253 [description; USA (Washington, California)]. Carlson 1979: 337 [catalogue]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].
Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) 6 km NE of Miquihuana, 23°36.125’N, 99°42.45’W, 2200–2300 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (ZISP) 8 km NNE of Miquihuana, 2200–2300 m, 5.xi.2013, coll. S.A. Belokobylskij. Miquihuana [Municipio], La Marcela, 2500 m, forest Pinus + Quercus, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino & J. Treviño C. (all in UAT): 26.viii–1.x.2012 (2 ♂), 2.x–2.xi.2012 (2 ♀), 3.xi–1.xii.2012 (1 ♂). 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana, km 19 of highway Palmillas – Miquihuana, 24.xi.1993, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♂ (UAT) km 19 from Miquihuana, Aserradero, 4.xi.1988, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 2 ♂ (UAT) Miquihuana, km 15 from La Peña, 2500 m, pine forest, 16.viii.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. Hidalgo: 2 ♂ (UAT) 8 km N of Pachuca de Soto, National Park El Chico, 20°11.4’N, 98°44.55’W, 2800–2900 m, 18–22.xii.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Tlaxcala: 1 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSE of Apizaco, north slope of La Malinche volcano, 2550–3000 m, 1–2.x.2016, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Veracruz: 3 ♀ (AEIC) Fortin de las Flores, ex Metepeira, vii–viii.1987, coll. L.S. Rayor. 6 ♂ (AEIC) Coscomatepec on Huatusco Road, ex Metepeira, 29.vii.1987, coll. L.S. Rayor.
Variation. Black markings on mesoscutum and mesopleuron sometimes very weak, especially in small males.
Distribution. USA (west, from Washington to California), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Veracruz).
Biology. The holotype probably was reared from either Larinioides cornutus (Clerck) (= Epeira strix Hentz) or L. sclopetarius (Clerck) (Araneidae) in California, USA (Howard 1892; Townes & Townes 1960). Reared from Metepeira sp. (Araneidae) in Veracruz.
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique & Coronado-Blanco, Juana María, 2024, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Polysphincta genus-group, pp. 151-196 in Zootaxa 5458 (2) on pages 175-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11369805
Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype
Creators: name: Minakaki, Georgia
name: Menges, Stefanie
name: Kittel, Agnes
name: Emmanouilidou, Evangelia
name: Schaeffner, Iris
name: Barkovits, Katalin
name: Bergmann, Anna
name: Rockenstein, Edward
name: Adame, Anthony
name: Marxreiter, Franz
name: Mollenhauer, Brit
name: Galasko, Douglas
name: Buzás, Edit Irén
name: Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula
name: Marcus, Katrin
name: Xiang, Wei
name: Lie, Dieter Chichung
name: Vekrellis, Kostas
name: Masliah, Eliezer
name: Winkler, Jürgen
name: Klucken, Jochen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: The autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) regulates intracellular homeostasis of the cytosolic protein SNCA/alpha-synuclein and is impaired in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Emerging evidence suggests that ALP influences SNCA release, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Several studies identified SNCA in exosome/extracellular vesicle (EV) fractions. EVs are generated in the multivesicular body compartment and either released upon its fusion with the plasma membrane, or cleared via the ALP. We therefore hypothesized that inhibiting ALP clearance 1) enhances SNCA release via EVs by increasing extracellular shuttling of multivesicular body contents, 2) alters EV biochemical profile, and 3) promotes SNCA cell-to-cell transfer. Indeed, ALP inhibition increased the ratio of extra- to intracellular SNCA and upregulated SNCA association with EVs in neuronal cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a widespread, fused multivesicular body-autophagosome compartment. Biochemical characterization revealed the presence of autophagosome-related proteins, such as LC3-II and SQSTM1. This distinct “autophagosome-exosome-like” profile was also identified in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EVs. After a single intracortical injection of SNCA-containing EVs derived from CSF into mice, human SNCA colocalized with endosome and neuronal markers. Prominent SNCA immunoreactivity and a higher number of neuronal SNCA inclusions were observed after DLB patient CSF EV injections. In summary, this study provides compelling evidence that a) ALP inhibition increases SNCA in neuronal EVs, b) distinct ALP components are present in EVs, and c) CSF EVs transfer SNCA from cell to cell in vivo. Thus, macroautophagy/autophagy may regulate EV protein composition and consequently progression in synucleinopathies.
Coccus gymnospori
Creators: name: Choi, Jinyeong
name: Soysouvanh, Pheophanh
name: Lee, Seunghwan
name: Hong, Ki-Jeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Coccus
Coccus gymnospori

description: Coccus gymnospori (Green, 1908)
(Figs 22, 23)
Lecanium gymnospori Green, 1908: 29.
Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae cylindrical, blunt apically (Fig. 23D); tubular ducts sparsely present in submarginal areas (Fig. 23C); duct tubercles present (Fig. 23A); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates (Fig. 23E). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed or slightly fimbriate apices (Fig. 23M). Venter with multilocular discpores each usually with 8–10 loculi (Fig. 23G); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, a few present between mesocoxae, and around meta-, meso-, and procoxa (Figs 22D, 23L); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 8 segmented (Figs 22C); and legs each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis (Figs 22E, 23I) (partially adopted from Ben-Dov 1981; Avasthi & Shafee 1991).
Material examined. 3 ♀♀, LAOS, Salakham-nua Village, Hadxayfong Dist., Vientiane Capital, 30.iv.2015, coll. J.Y. Choi, on Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae); 5 ♀♀, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 4.v.2015, on Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness. (Fabaceae) (same collector).
Hosts. Gymnosporia montana (Celastraceae) (Avasthi & Shafee, 1991).
Distribution. Oriental Region (India and Sri Lanka) (Avasthi & Shafee, 1991); Laos (new country record).
Economic importance. Coccus gymnospori has not yet been recorded as an economically important pest.
Remarks. Coccus gymnospori is related to C. elatensis Ben-Dov, C. hesperidum Linnaeus and C. moestus De Lotto. Ben-Dov (1981) differentiated C. gymnospori from the other species using the following combination of characters: (i) the presence of 3 pairs of pregenital setae, (ii) antenna 8 segmented, (iii) dorsal tubular ducts shorter than or equal to length of ventral tubular ducts, and (iv) preopercular pores numbering 6–22 in a group.
description: Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
Lyncodon Gervais 1845
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Lyncodon

description: Lyncodon Gervais 1845
Lyncodon Gervais 1845, in: d'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat., Vol. 4: 685.
Type Species: Mustela patagonica de Blainville 1842
Species and subspecies: 1 species with 2 subspecies:
Species Lyncodon patagonicus (de Blainville 1842)
Subspecies Lyncodon patagonicus subsp. patagonicus de Blainville 1842
Subspecies Lyncodon patagonicus subsp. thomasi Cabrera 1928
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 608, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519