cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
All-sky interferometric meteor radar meteoroid speed estimation using the Fresnel transform
Creators: name: Holdsworth, D.A.
name: Elford, W.G.
name: Vincent, R.A.
name: Reid, I.M.
name: Murphy, D.J.
name: Singer, W.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: estimation method
subject: meteor
subject: radar interferometry
subject: spectral analysis
subject: velocity profile
subject: 530

description: Fresnel transform meteor speed estimation is investigated. A spectral based technique is developed allowing the transform to be applied at low temporal sampling rates. Simulations are used to compare meteoroid speeds determined using the Fresnel transform and alternative techniques, confirming that the Fresnel transform produces the most accurate meteoroid speed estimates for high effective pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs). The Fresnel transform is applied to high effective PRF data collected during Leonid meteor showers, producing speed estimates in good agreement with the theoretical pre-atmospheric speed of the 71 kms−1. Further simulations for the standard low effective PRF sampling parameters used for Buckland Park meteor radar (BPMR) observations suggests that the Fresnel transform can successfully estimate meteor speeds up to 80 kms−1. Fresnel transform speed estimation is applied using the BPMR, producing speed distributions similar to those obtained in previous studies. The technique is also applied to data collected using the BPMR sampling parameters during Southern delta-Aquarid and Geminid meteor showers, producing speeds in very good agreement with the theoretical pre-atmospheric speeds of these showers (41 kms−1 and 35 kms−1, respectively). However, application of the Fresnel transform to high speed showers suggests that the practical upper limit for accurate speed estimation using the BPMR sampling parameters is around 50 kms−1. This limit allows speed accurate estimates to be made for about 70% of known meteor showers, and around 70% of sporadic echoes.
Detecting gravitational waves from mountains on neutron stars in the Advanced Detector Era
Creators: name: Haskell, Brynmor
name: Priymak, Maxim
name: Patruno, Alessandro
name: Oppenoorth, Manuel
name: Melatos, Andrew
name: Lasky, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapidly rotating Neutron Stars (NSs) in Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) are thought to be interesting sources of Gravitational Waves (GWs) for current and next generation ground based detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and the Einstein Telescope. The main reason is that many of the NS in these systems appear to be spinning well below their Keplerian breakup frequency, and it has been suggested that torques associated with GW emission may be setting the observed spin period. This assumption has been used extensively in the literature to assess the strength of the likely gravitational wave signal. There is now, however, a significant amount of theoretical and observation work that suggests that this may not be the case, and that GW emission is unlikely to be setting the spin equilibrium period in many systems. In this paper we take a different starting point and predict the GW signal strength for two physical mechanisms that are likely to be at work in LMXBs: crustal mountains due to thermal asymmetries and magnetically confined mountains. We find that thermal crustal mountains in transient LMXBs are unlikely to lead to detectable GW emission, while persistent systems are good candidates for detection by Advanced LIGO and by the Einstein Telescope. Detection prospects are pessimistic for the magnetic mountain case, unless the NS has a buried magnetic field of $B\approx 10^{12}$ G, well above the typically inferred exterior dipole fields of these objects. Nevertheless, if a system were to be detected by a GW observatory, cyclotron resonant scattering features in the X-ray emission could be used to distinguish between the two different scenarios.
description: submitted to MNRAS
Drug Use Review of Bisphosphonates and Raloxifene for Osteoporosis Treatment at the Postmenopausal Clinic, Health Promoting Hospital, Regional Health Promotion Center 6
Creators: name: Prachit Kangsaun
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2008
Subjects: review, bisphosphonates, raloxifene, osteoporosis, postmenopause

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 2, 46-56
title: Mind the Gap: Emerging Standards of Protection of the Right to Equal Pay Under the European Social Charter and EU Law
Creators: name: Arabadjieva, Kalina
name: Kotsoni, Maria
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: equal pay
subject: transparency
subject: social rights
subject: Europe
subject: gender equality
subject: enforcement

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2022 7(3), 1537-1567
description: I. Introduction. - II. Equal pay standards under the European Social Charter. - II.1. Obligations deriving from the protection of equal pay under the European Social Charter. - II.2. What place for EU law? - III. The European Commission's proposal on binding measures regarding pay transparency. - III.1. What role for ESC standards? - IV. How does the proposal compare to the ESC standards? - V. Opportunities and challenges. - VI. Conclusions.
description: The legal frameworks protecting the right to equal pay at European level are being reshaped. This re-shaping is taking place in parallel within the European Social Charter (ESC) system, through the case-law of the European Committee of Social Rights, and in EU law, through a proposal for a Directive on pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms. In this Article, we revisit the interaction between the ESC and EU law, in the context of the right to equal pay between men and women for equal work or work of equal value. Emerging equal pay standards are detailed and address long-standing enforcement problems that have deprived legal frameworks of their full potential as an avenue for the effective realisation of the right to equal pay. We show, however, that there are some differences between the ESC and the EU instrument underway. The ESC seems to set more progressive standards in certain respects and has the potential of accommodating workers' interests with fewer restrictions. This is particularly evident in relation to employers' wage reporting obligation and positive obligations to promote equal pay. With regard to the interaction of EU law with the ESC system, we argue that re-cent equal pay developments do not suggest a major break from existing critical accounts of the stance of the EU legal order towards more progressive social rights standards found in the ESC.
The quark propagator and quark-gluon vertex from lattice QCD at finite temperature
Creators: name: Marques, Jesuel
name: Kalusche, Gerhard
name: Mendes, Tereza
name: Silva, Paulo
name: Skullerud, Jon-Ivar
name: Oliveira, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark-gluon vertex is an important object of QCD. Studies have shown that this quantity is relevant for the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking pattern in the vacuum. The goal of our project is to obtain the quark-gluon vertex at finite temperature around the deconfinement/chiral transition using the tools provided by lattice QCD. It will be the first time that the quark-gluon vertex at finite temperature is determined using lattice QCD. The propagators, which are a by-product of this project, are also of interest in themselves. The configurations used were generated by the FASTSUM collaboration. In this contribution, we describe our motivations and goals, some technical details of the determination and report on the status of the calculation.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of Lattice 2022, Bonn, Germany, 8th-13th August, 2022
Preferences in Quantum Games
Creators: name: Phoenix, Simon J. D.
name: Khan, Faisal Shah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum game can be viewed as a state preparation in which the final output state results from the competing preferences of the players over the set of possible output states that can be produced. It is therefore possible to view state preparation in general as being the output of some appropriately chosen (notional) quantum game. This reverse engineering approach in which we seek to construct a suitable notional game that produces some desired output state as its equilibrium state may lead to different methodologies and insights. With this goal in mind we examine the notion of preference in quantum games since if we are interested in the production of a particular equilibrium output state, it is the competing preferences of the players that determine this equilibrium state. We show that preferences on output states can be viewed in certain cases as being induced by measurement with an appropriate set of numerical weightings, or payoffs, attached to the results of that measurement. In particular we show that a distance-based preference measure on the output states is equivalent to a having a strictly-competitive set of payoffs on the results of some measurement.
Evidence for a molecular cloud origin of gamma-ray bursts: Implications for the nature of star formation in the universe
Creators: name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Price, P.A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2002

description: It appears that the majority of rapidly and well-localized gamma-ray bursts with undetected or dark optical afterglows ("dark bursts") occur in clouds of size R ≳ 10L491/2 pc and mass M ≳ 3 × 105L49 M⊙ where L is the isotropic-equivalent peak luminosity of the optical flash. We show that clouds of this size and mass cannot be modeled as a gas that is bound by pressure equilibrium with a warm or hot phase of the interstellar medium (i.e., a diffuse cloud): such a cloud would be unstable to gravitational collapse, resulting in the collapse and fragmentation of the cloud until a burst of star formation reestablishes pressure equilibrium within the fragments and the fragments are bound by self-gravity (i.e., a molecular cloud). Consequently, dark bursts probably occur in molecular clouds, in which case dark bursts are probably a by-product of this burst of star formation, if the molecular cloud formed recently, and/or the result of lingering or latter generation star formation if the molecular cloud formed some time ago. We then show that if bursts occur in Galactic-like molecular clouds, the column densities of which might be universal, the number of dark bursts can be comparable to the number of bursts with detected optical afterglows: this is what is observed, which suggests that the bursts with detected optical afterglows might also occur in molecular clouds. We confirm this by modeling and constraining the distribution of column densities, measured from absorption of the X-ray afterglow, of the bursts with detected optical afterglows: we find that this distribution is consistent with the expectation for bursts that occur in molecular clouds and is not consistent with the expectation for bursts that occur in diffuse clouds. Consequently, we find that all but perhaps a few bursts, dark or otherwise, probably occur in molecular clouds. Finally, we show that the limited information that is available on the column densities of the dark bursts is not consistent with the idea that the dark bursts occur in the nuclear regions of ultraluminous infrared/submillimeter-bright galaxies, from which we draw conclusions about the nature of star formation in the universe.
Faceting and metal-exchange catalysis in (010) β-Ga2O3 thin films homoepitaxially grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: Mazzolini, P.
name: Vogt, P.
name: Schewski, R.
name: Wouters, C.
name: Albrecht, M.
name: Bierwagen, Oliver
Publisher: name: New York : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Catalysis
subject: Thin films
subject: Epitaxy
subject: Equilibrium thermodynamics
subject: Oxides
subject: Transmission electron microscopy
subject: Surface and interface chemistry
subject: 530

description: We here present an experimental study on (010)-oriented -Ga2O3 thin films homoepitaxially grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We study the effect of substrate treatments (i.e., O-plasma and Ga-etching) and several deposition parameters (i.e., growth temperature and metal-to-oxygen flux ratio) on the resulting Ga2O3 surface morphology and growth rate. In situ and ex-situ characterizations identified the formation of (110) and (¯110)-facets on the nominally oriented (010) surface induced by the Ga-etching of the substrate and by several growth conditions, suggesting (110) to be a stable (yet unexplored) substrate orientation. Moreover, we demonstrate how metal-exchange catalysis enabled by an additional In-flux significantly increases the growth rate (>threefold increment) of monoclinic Ga2O3 at high growth temperatures, while maintaining a low surface roughness (rms < 0.5 nm) and preventing the incorporation of In into the deposited layer. This study gives important indications for obtaining device-quality thin films and opens up the possibility to enhance the growth rate in -Ga2O3 homoepitaxy on different surfaces [e.g., (100) and (001)] via molecular beam epitaxy.
The Digital Botanical Gardens Initiative (DBGI) - A brief presentation of the initiative
Creators: name: Defossez, Emmanuel
name: Allard, Pierre-Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: DBGI
EMI

description: The Digital Botanical Gardens Initiative (DBGI) - A brief presentation of the initiative A presentation given on the 2023-08-30 at the Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel for the Hortus Botanicus general assembly.
Observations on the Lovász $θ$-Function, Graph Capacity, Eigenvalues, and Strong Products
Creators: name: Sason, Igal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper provides new observations on the Lovász $θ$-function of graphs. These include a simple closed-form expression of that function for all strongly regular graphs, together with upper and lower bounds on that function for all regular graphs. These bounds are expressed in terms of the second-largest and smallest eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the regular graph, together with sufficient conditions for equalities (the upper bound is due to Lovász, followed by a new sufficient condition for its tightness). These results are shown to be useful in many ways, leading to the determination of the exact value of the Shannon capacity of various graphs, eigenvalue inequalities, and bounds on the clique and chromatic numbers of graphs. Since the Lovász $θ$-function factorizes for the strong product of graphs, the results are also particularly useful for parameters of strong products or strong powers of graphs. Bounds on the smallest and second-largest eigenvalues of strong products of regular graphs are consequently derived, expressed as functions of the Lovász $θ$-function (or the smallest eigenvalue) of each factor. The resulting lower bound on the second-largest eigenvalue of a $k$-fold strong power of a regular graph is compared to the Alon--Boppana bound; under a certain condition, the new bound is superior in its exponential growth rate (in $k$). Lower bounds on the chromatic number of strong products of graphs are expressed in terms of the order and the Lovász $θ$-function of each factor. The utility of these bounds is exemplified, leading in some cases to an exact determination of the chromatic numbers of strong products or strong powers of graphs. The present research paper is aimed to have tutorial value as well.
description: electronic links to references were added in version 2; Available at https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/104
Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients by Multidisciplinary Team at Waritchaphum Hospital, Sakon Nakhon Province
Creators: name: Somjai Phanphuwong
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2008
Subjects: Tuberculosis, Multidisciplinary team

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 2, 57-64
Comment on "Sponge-templated preparation of high surface area graphene with ultrahigh capacitive deionization performance"
Creators: name: Porada, Slawomir
name: Biesheuvel, P.M.
name: Presser, Volker
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: capacitive deionization
subject: carbon electrodes
subject: porous carbons
subject: water treatment
subject: 530

description: [no abstract available]
Broadband observations of the afterglow of GRB 000926: Observing the effect of inverse Compton scattering
Creators: name: Harrison, F.A.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Frail, D.A.
name: Bloom, J.S.
name: Djorgovski, S.G.
name: Diercks, A.
name: Reichart, D.
name: Wheeler, C.
name: Axelrod, T.
name: Galama, T.J.
name: Price, P.A.
name: Sari, R.
name: Yost, S.A.
name: Piro, L.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Pooley, G.G.
name: Shepherd, D.
name: Holtzman, J.
name: Costa, E.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: McCarthy, P.
name: Kulkarni, S.R.
name: Berger, E.
name: Chevalier, R.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2001

description: GRB 000926 has one of the best-studied afterglows to date, with multiple X-ray observations, as well as extensive multifrequency optical and radio coverage. Broadband afterglow observations, spanning from X-ray to radio frequencies, provide a probe of the density structure of the circumburst medium, as well as of the ejecta energetics, geometry, and physical parameters of the relativistic blast wave resulting from the explosion. We present an analysis of Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of this event, along with Hubble Space Telescope and radio monitoring data. We combine these data with ground-based optical and IR observations and fit the synthesized afterglow light curve using models where collimated ejecta expand into a surrounding medium. We find that we can explain the broadband light curve with reasonable physical parameters if the cooling is dominated by inverse Compton scattering. For this model, an excess due to inverse Compton scattering appears above the best-fit synchrotron spectrum in the X-ray band. No previous bursts have exhibited this component, and its observation would imply that the GRB exploded in a moderately dense (n ∼ 30 cm-3) medium, consistent with a diffuse interstellar cloud environment.
Consensus Algorithm For Calculation Of Protein Binding Affinity Using Multiple Models
Creators: name: Ergin, Ayşenaz Ezgi
name: Altılar, Deniz Turgay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which bind peptides for presentation on the cell surface, play an important role in cell-mediated immunity. In light of developing databases and technologies over the years, significant progress has been made in research on peptide binding affinity calculation. Several in techniques have been developed to predict peptide binding to MHC class I. Most of the research on MHC Class I due to its nature brings better performance and more. Considering the use of different methods and different technologies, and the approach of similar methods on different proteins, a classification was created according to the binding affinity of protein peptides.
description: 13 pages
Urban Material Classification Using Spectral and Textural Features Retrieved from Autoencoders
Creators: name: Ilehag, R.
name: Leitloff, J.
name: Weinmann, M.
name: Schenk, A.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020
Subjects: Material classification
Spectral features
Textural features
Autoencoder
Compressed representation
Spectral library

description: Classification of urban materials using remote sensing data, in particular hyperspectral data, is common practice. Spectral libraries can be utilized to train a classifier since they provide spectral features about selected urban materials. However, urban materials can have similar spectral characteristic features due to high inter-class correlation which can lead to misclassification. Spectral libraries rarely provide imagery of their samples, which disables the possibility of classifying urban materials with additional textural information. Thus, this paper conducts material classification comparing the benefits of using close-range acquired spectral and textural features. The spectral features consist of either the original spectra, a PCA-based encoding or the compressed spectral representation of the original spectra retrieved using a deep autoencoder. The textural features are generated using a deep denoising convolutional autoencoder. The spectral and textural features are gathered from the recently published spectral library KLUM. Three classifiers are used, the two well-established Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers in addition to a Histogram-based Gradient Boosting Classification Tree. The achieved overall accuracy was within the range of 70–80% with a standard deviation between 2–10% across all classification approaches. This indicates that the amount of samples still is insufficient for some of the material classes for this classification task. Nonetheless, the classification results indicate that the spectral features are more important for assigning material labels than the textural features.
Additional file 8 of Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review
Creators: name: Duan, Chengchen
name: Liu, Liu
name: Wang, Tianyi
name: Wang, Guanru
name: Jiang, Zhishen
name: Li, Honglin
name: Zhang, Gaowei
name: Ye, Li
name: Li, Chunjie
name: Cao, Yubin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 8. Additional COVID-19-related evidence from single-armed meta-analyses.
Light curves and spectra of dust echoes from gamma-ray bursts and their afterglows: Continued evidence that GRB 970228 is associated with a supernova
Creators: name: Reichart, D.E.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2001

description: The relative brightening and reddening of the optical afterglows of GRB 970228 and GRB 980326 around 20-30 days after these bursts have been attributed to supernovae, which are red (blueward of their spectral peak) and which peak in time after ≈ 20(1 + z) days. However, this direct evidence for a gamma-ray burst/supernova (GRB/SN) connection has recently been challenged. It has been suggested that the late afterglows of these bursts can be explained by dust echoes, of which we consider two cases: (1) the scattering of light from the afterglow (the forward shock), the optical flash (the reverse shock), and/or the optical light from the burst itself by a shell of dust at a radius R from the progenitor and (2) the absorption and thermal reemission of this light by this shell of dust. In this paper, we model and compute dust echo light curves and spectra for both cases. Although the late-time afterglow of GRB 980326 was not sufficiently well sampled to rule out a dust echo description, we find that the late-time afterglow of GRB 970228 cannot be explained by a dust echo.
Efficient Decision-Making by Volume-Conserving Physical Object
Creators: name: Kim, Song-Ju
name: Aono, Masashi
name: Nameda, Etsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that any physical object, as long as its volume is conserved when coupled with suitable operations, provides a sophisticated decision-making capability. We consider the problem of finding, as accurately and quickly as possible, the most profitable option from a set of options that gives stochastic rewards. These decisions are made as dictated by a physical object, which is moved in a manner similar to the fluctuations of a rigid body in a tug-of-war game. Our analytical calculations validate statistical reasons why our method exhibits higher efficiency than conventional algorithms.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Quantification of nitrogen balance components in a commercial broiler barn
Creators: name: Von Bobrutzki, K.
name: Ammon, S.
name: Berg, W.
name: Fiedler, M.
Publisher: name: Prague : ČSAZV
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ammonia
subject: emissions
subject: mass balance
subject: litter sampling
subject: 630

description: Characterizing the respective nitrogen (N) use efficiency requires understanding the N flow of inputs and outputs from a commercial broiler barn. In this study, an N mass balance was performed for one entire growing cycle. The objectives were to quantify, sample, and analyze all N components entering and leaving the barn. The N from feed, chickens, and bedding material was considered as inputs, the outputs included the N accretion in mature broilers, the total N emissions (NTNE), the N accumulation in litter, and the N of mortality. Of particular relevance was the determination of an appropriate method to mirror the heterogenic texture of the litter. Litter samples were collected weekly according to a defined procedure. The major N input was feed N, accounting for 99% of the total N input. After the 36-day growing cycle, the N outputs were portioned as follows: 59% (1741.3 kg N) in mature broilers, 37% (1121.3 kg N) accumulated in litter, and 4% in NTNE (114.3 kg N). The N accumulations in broiler tissue and litter agree well with other studies. The measured emissions were consistently lower compared to other references, due to the fact that these references were mainly based on studies where broilers were raised on built-up litter. In contrast to in situ quantified N emissions in this study, other published values were assumed to be the difference of N between inputs and outputs. This study illustrates that extensive sampling of litter is a prerequisite for calculating litter masses. The accurate specification of the litter texture proved to be crucial within the mass balance approach. With this information, the feasible improvements within management practices can be identified.
Quakes of Compact Stars
Creators: name: Lu, Ruipeng
name: Yue, Han
name: Lai, Xiaoyu
name: Wang, Weihua
name: Zhang, Shenjian
name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glitches are commonly observed for pulsars, which are explained by various mechanisms. One hypothesis attributes the glitch effect to the instantaneous moment of inertia change of the whole star caused by a starquake, which is similar to earthquakes caused by fast dislocation occurring on planar faults for the static stress, though the quake-induced dynamics responsible for glitch (superfluid vortex vs. pure starquake) remains still unknown. However, a theoretical model to quantitatively explain the stress loading, types of starquakes, and co-seismic change of moment of inertia is rarely discussed. In this study, we incorporate elastic deformation theories of earthquakes into the starquake problems. We compute the field of stress loading associated with rotation deceleration and determine the optimal type of starquakes at various locations. Two types of pulsar structure models, i.e. neutron and strangeon star models, are included in the computation and their differences are notable. Our calculation shows that the observed glitch amplitude can be explained by the starquakes in the strangeon star model, though the required scaled starquake magnitude is much larger than that occurred on the Earth. We further discuss the possibility to compute the energy budget and other glitch phenomena using the starquake model in the elastic medium framework.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures; MNRAS paper accepted
Dust extinction curves and Lyα forest flux deficits for use in modeling gamma-ray burst afterglows and all other extragalactic point sources
Creators: name: Reichart, D.E.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2001

description: Since gamma-ray burst afterglows were first detected in 1997, the relativistic fireball model has emerged as the leading theoretical explanation of the afterglows. In this paper, we present a very general, Bayesian inference formalism with which this, or any other, afterglow model can be tested, and with which the parameter values of acceptable models can be constrained, given the available photometry. However, before model comparison or parameter estimation can be attempted, one must also consider the physical processes that affect the afterglow as it propagates along the line of sight from the burst source to the observer. Namely, how does extinction by dust, both in the host galaxy and in our galaxy, and absorption by the Lyα forest and by H I in the host galaxy, change the intrinsic spectrum of the afterglow? Consequently, we also present in this paper a very general, eight-parameter dust extinction curve model and a two-parameter model of the Lyα forest flux deficit versus redshift distribution. Using fitted extinction curves from Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud lines of sight, and measurements of Lyα forest flux deficits from quasar absorption line systems, we construct a Bayesian prior probability distribution that weights this additional, but necessary, parameter space such that the volume of the solution space is reduced significantly, a priori. Finally, we discuss the broad applicability of these results to the modeling of light from all other extragalactic point sources, such as Type Ia supernovae.
The Prevalence of Stress and Depression among Pharmacy Students at Mahasarakham University
Creators: name: Juntip Kanjanasilp
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2008
Subjects: Prevalence, Stress, Depression, Suicide, Precipitating factor

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 2, 65-72
A possible Cepheid-like luminosity estimator for the long gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Lamb, D.Q.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, E.
name: Cline, T.L.
name: Fenimore, E.E.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2001

description: We present a possible Cepheid-like luminosity estimator for the long gamma-ray bursts based on the variability of their light curves. To construct the luminosity estimator, we use CGRO/BATSE data for 13 bursts, Wind/Konus data for five bursts, Ulysses/GRB data for one burst, and NEAR/XGRS data for one burst. Spectroscopic redshifts, peak fluxes, and high-resolution light curves are available for 11 of these bursts; partial information is available for the remaining nine bursts. We find that the isotropic equivalent peak luminosities L of these bursts positively correlate with a rigorously constructed measure V of the variability of their light curves. We fit to these data a model that accommodates both intrinsic scatter (statistical variance) and extrinsic scatter (sample variance). We find that L ∼ V3.3+1.1-09. If one excludes GRB 980425 from the fit, on the grounds that its association with SN 1998bw at a redshift of z = 0.0085 is not secure, the luminosity estimator spans ≈2.5 orders of magnitude in L, and the slope of the correlation between L and V is positive with a probability of 1 - (1.4 × 10-4) (3.8 σ). Although GRB 980425 is excluded from this fit, its L and V values are consistent with the fitted model, which suggests that GRB 980425 may well be associated with SN 1998bw and that GRB 980425 and the cosmological bursts may share a common physical origin. If one includes GRB 980425 in the fit, the luminosity estimator spans ≈6.3 orders of magnitude in L, and the slope of the correlation is positive with a probability of 1 - (9.3 × 10-7) (4.9 σ). In either case, the luminosity estimator yields best-estimate luminosities that are accurate to a factor of ≈4, or best-estimate luminosity distances that are accurate to a factor of ≈2. Regardless of whether GRB 980425 should be included in the fit, its light curve is unique in that it is much less variable than the other ≈17 light curves of bursts in our sample for which the signal-to-noise ratio is reasonably good.
Block Based Medical Image Watermarking Technique for Tamper Detection and Recovery
Creators: name: Rayachoti, Eswaraiah
name: Edara, Sreenivasa Reddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4

description: In this paper, we propose a novel fragile block based medical image watermarking technique for embedding data of patient into medical image, verifying the integrity of ROI (Region of Interest), detecting the tampered blocks inside ROI and recovering original ROI with less size authentication and recovery data and with simple mathematical calculations. In the proposed method, the medical image is divided into three regions called ROI, RONI (Region of Non Interest) and border pixels. Later, authentication data of ROI and Electronic Patient Record (EPR) are compressed using Run Length Encoding (RLE) technique and then embedded into ROI. Recovery information of ROI is embedded inside RONI and information of ROI is embedded inside border pixels. Results of experiments conducted on several medical images reveal that proposed method produces high quality watermarked medical images, identifies tampered areas inside ROI of watermarked medical images and recovers the original ROI.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
title: Περιεκτικότητα και χημικές μορφές του Λιθίου στις ελληνικές ιπτάμενες τέφρες

Creators: name: Βλαχακη Ελευθερια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Το λίθιο ανήκει στα μέταλλα στρατηγικής σημασίας και χρησιμοποιείται σε ποικίλες εφαρμογές υψηλής τεχνολογίας. Στο πλαίσιο της κυκλικής οικονομίας υπάρχει έντονο ενδιαφέρον για τεχνολογίες ανάκτησης αυτών των μετάλλων από απόβλητα και παραπροϊόντα. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί αποτελεσματική ανάκτηση, απαιτείται λεπτομερής γνώση των χαρακτηριστικών σύνδεσης και έκπλυσης των μετάλλων. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι ο προσδιορισμός της περιεκτικότητας σε Li και η διερεύνηση του τρόπου εμφάνισής του σε ελληνικές Ιπτάμενες Τέφρες.
Τέσσερις Ιπτάμενες Τέφρες από την Ελλάδα συλλέχθηκαν και τα κύρια συστατικά τους αναλύθηκαν με φασματοσκοπία φθορισμού ακτίνων Χ (XRF), η ορυκτολογία τους μελετήθηκε με περιθλασιμετρία ακτίνων Χ σκόνης (XRD) και η περιεκτικότητά τους σε Li προσδιορίστηκε με φασματομετρία ατομικής εκπομπής (AES). Για τον προσδιορισμό των χαρακτηριστικών δέσμευσης και έκπλυσης λιθίου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο μέθοδοι διαδοχικής εκχύλισης (η Tessier, και αυτή που προτείνεται από το Γραφείο αναφορών της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας (BCR)).
Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η περιεκτικότητα σε Li, στα δείγματα Ιπτάμενης Τέφρας που μελετήθηκαν, ήταν μεταξύ 100 και 256 μg/g και θα μπορούσε να αποδοθεί στο άμορφο περιεχόμενο ή λιθιούχους μαρμαρυγίες και πυρόξενους που εντοπίσθηκαν στα δείγματα. Οι διαδοχικές εκχυλίσεις αποκάλυψαν ότι το Li σχετίζεται κυρίως με το ανόργανο περιεχόμενο των δειγμάτων και έως και το 90% αυτού παραμένει στο υπολειμματικό κλάσμα.
Multicolor observations of the GRB 000926 afterglow
Creators: name: Price, P.A.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Kimble, R.
name: Frail, D.A.
name: Diercks, A.
name: Yost, S.
name: Cline, T.
name: Busche, J.
name: Pevunova, O.
name: Harrison, F.A.
name: Ofek, E.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Djorgovski, S.G.
name: Mirabal, N.
name: Kulkarni, S.R.
name: Halpern, J.
name: Sari, R.
name: Berger, E.
name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Galama, T.J.
name: Holtzman, J.A.
name: Bloom, J.S.
name: Axelrod, T.S.
name: Jacoby, B.
name: Turnshek, D.
name: Schmidt, B.P.
name: Morrison, G.
name: Hunt, M.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2001

description: We present multicolor light curves of the optical afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 000926. Beginning ∼1.5 days after the burst, the light curves of this GRB steepen measurably. The existence of such achromatic breaks is usually taken to be an important observational signature that the ejecta are not expanding isotropically but rather have a collimated jetlike geometry. If we interpret the data ir this context, we derive an opening angle of 5°, which reduces the energy release compared with an isotropic model by a factor of ∼275, to 1.7 × 1051 ergs. To fit the data with a simple jet model requires extinction along the line of sight. The derived Av is in the range 0.11-0.82 mag, depending on the adopted extinction law and whether the electrons giving rise to the optical emission are undergoing synchrotron cooling or not. Since this is in excess of the expected extinction from our Galaxy, we attribute this to the GRB host. We note that this extinction is typical of a galactic disk, and therefore the event likely took place in the disk of its host.
A Simple Circuit to Visualize Space Vectors by an Oscilloscope
Creators: name: Pejovic, Predrag
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: DC-AC power converters
Measurement techniques
Oscilloscopes
Pulse width modulation converters
Space vector pulse width

description: The paper presents a simple circuit for analog computation of space vector components on the basis of phase voltages. The space vector trajectory could be directly visualized by an oscilloscope. Proposed circuit consists of nine resistors only. An algorithm to compute the resistor values and programs that support the design are provided. The method is experimentally verified using a three-phase voltage source inverter model. Three methods to visualize recorded data are proposed, each capturing different aspect of the space vector trajectory.
Report on magnetic shielding for high quality superconducting resonators
Creators: name: ARIES WP4 Members
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This paper reports on the development of a passive and active magnetic shielding concept for a cryomodule housing four superconducting 704 MHz RF cavities. A test stand for magnetic measurements was then established along with a measurement procedure and used to quantify the magnetisation and shielding of the empty cryomodule. In addition to the original scope, a measurement device was developed and tested to quantify on small samples the magnetic flux, which remains trapped in superconductors after entering the Meissner state. These measurements can be used to better quantify the requirements for magnetic shielding of cryomodules and they allow for systematic studies of material treatments in order to increase flux expulsion, which in turn can reduce the need for magnetic shielding or increase the quality factor of cavities for a certain magnetic shielding configuration.
description: {"references": ["ARIES Del4.1"]}
The fading of supernova remnant cassiopeia a from 38 MHz to 16.5 GHz from 1949 to 1999 with new observations at 1405 MHz
Creators: name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Stephens, A.W.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2000

description: We report 1405 MHz measurements of the flux density of the ≈ 320-year-old supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, relative to the flux density of Cygnus A, made between 1995 and 1999. When compared to measurements made between 1957 and 1976, we find that the rate at which Cassiopeia A has been fading at this and nearby frequencies has changed from ≈0.9% yr-1 in the 1960s to ≈0.6%-0.7% yr-1 now. Furthermore, we have collected from the literature measurements of this fading rate at lower (38-300 MHz) and higher (7.8-16.5 GHz) frequencies. We show that the fading rate has dropped by a factor of ≈3 over the past 50 years at the lower frequencies, while remaining relatively constant at the higher frequencies, which is in agreement with the findings of others. Our findings at 1405 MHz, in conjunction with a measurement of the fading rate at the nearby frequency of 927 MHz by Vinyajkin, show an intermediate behavior at intermediate frequencies. We also find that Cassiopeia A, as of ≈1990, was fading at about the same rate, ≈0.6%-0.7% yr-1, at all of these frequencies. Future measurements are required to determine whether the fading rate will continue to decrease at the lower frequencies, or whether Cassiopeia A will now fade at a relatively constant rate at all of these frequencies.
Evaluating Deception and Moving Target Defense with Network Attack Simulation
Creators: name: Reti, Daniel
name: Elzer, Karina
name: Fraunholz, Daniel
name: Schneider, Daniel
name: Schotten, Hans-Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the field of network security, with the ongoing arms race between attackers, seeking new vulnerabilities to bypass defense mechanisms and defenders reinforcing their prevention, detection and response strategies, the novel concept of cyber deception has emerged. Starting from the well-known example of honeypots, many other deception strategies have been developed such as honeytokens and moving target defense, all sharing the objective of creating uncertainty for attackers and increasing the chance for the attacker of making mistakes. In this paper a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of honeypots and moving target defense in a network is presented. This methodology allows to quantitatively measure the effectiveness in a simulation environment, allowing to make recommendations on how many honeypots to deploy and on how quickly network addresses have to be mutated to effectively disrupt an attack in multiple network and attacker configurations. With this optimum, attacks can be detected and slowed down with a minimal resource and configuration overhead. With the provided methodology, the optimal number of honeypots to be deployed and the optimal network address mutation interval can be determined. Furthermore, this work provides guidance on how to optimally deploy and configure them with respect to the attacker model and several network parameters.
Monitoring the contact stress distribution of gecko-inspired adhesives using mechano-sensitive surface coatings
Creators: name: Neubauer, Jens W.
name: Xue, Longjian
name: Erath, Johann
name: Drotlef, Dirk-Michael
name: Del Campo, Aránzazu
name: Fery, Andreas
Publisher: name: Washington D.C. : American Chemical Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: adhesion
subject: bioinspired
subject: biomimetic
subject: mechano-responsive
subject: polyelectrolyte brushes
subject: polymer brushes
subject: 620

description: The contact geometry of microstructured adhesive surfaces is of high relevance for adhesion enhancement. Theoretical considerations indicate that the stress distribution in the contact zone is crucial for the detachment mechanism, but direct experimental evidence is missing so far. In this work, we propose a method that allows, for the first time, the detection of local stresses at the contact area of biomimetic adhesive microstructures during contact formation, compression and detachment. We use a mechano-sensitive polymeric layer, which turns mechanical stresses into changes of fluorescence intensity. The biomimetic surface is brought into contact with this layer in a well-defined fashion using a microcontact printer, while the contact area is monitored with fluorescence microscopy in situ. Thus, changes in stress distribution across the contact area during compression and pull-off can be visualized with a lateral resolution of 1 μm. We apply this method to study the enhanced adhesive performance of T-shaped micropillars, compared to flat punch microstructures. We find significant differences in the stress distribution of the both differing contact geometries during pull-off. In particular, we find direct evidence for the suppression of crack nucleation at the edge of T-shaped pillars, which confirms theoretical models for the superior adhesive properties of these structures.
PGD reduced-order modeling for structural dynamics applications
Creators: name: Vella, Clément
name: Prudhomme, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose in this paper a Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) approach for the solution of problems in linear elastodynamics. The novelty of the work lies in the development of weak formulations of the PGD problems based on the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics, the main objective being to devise numerical methods that are numerically stable and energy conservative. We show that the methodology allows one to consider the Galerkin-based version of the PGD and numerically demonstrate that the PGD solver based on the Hamiltonian formulation offers better stability and energy conservation properties than the Lagrangian formulation. The performance of the two formulations is illustrated and compared on several numerical examples describing the dynamical behavior of a one-dimensional bar.
Gamma-ray bursts as a probe of the very high redshift universe
Creators: name: Reichart, D.E.
name: Lamb, D.Q.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2000

description: There is increasingly strong evidence that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with star-forming galaxies and occur near or in the star-forming regions of these galaxies. These associations provide indiect evidence that at least the long GRBs detected by BeppoSAX are a result of the collapse of massive stars. The recent evidence that the light curves and the spectra of the afterglows of GRB 970228 and GRB 980326 appear to contain a supernova component, in addition to a relativistic shock-wave component, provides more direct clues that this is the case. We show that, if many GRBs are indeed produced by the collapse of massive stars, GRBs and their afterglows provide a powerful probe of the very high redshift (z ≳ 5) universe. We first establish that GRBs and their afterglows are both detectable out to very high redshifts. We then show that one expects GRBs to occur out to at least z ≈ 10, and possibly to z ≈ 15-20, redshifts that are far larger than those expected for the most distant quasars. This implies that there are large numbers of GRBs with peak photon number fluxes below the detection thresholds of BATSE and HETE 2, and even below the detection threshold of Swift. The mere detection of very high redshift GRBs would give us our first information about the earliest generations of stars. We show that GRBs and their afterglows can be used as beacons to locate core-collapse supernovae at redshifts z ≫ 1 and to study the properties of these supernovae. We describe the expected properties of the absorption-line systems and the Lyα forest in the spectra of GRB afterglows and discuss various strategies for determining the redshifts of very high redshift GRBs. We then show how the absorption-line systems and the Lyα forest visible in the spectra of GRB afterglows can be used to trace the evolution of metallicity in the universe and to probe the large-scale structure of the universe at very high redshifts. Finally, we show how measurement of the Lyα break in the spectra of GRB afterglows can be used to constrain, or possibly measure, the epoch at which reionization of the universe occurred by using the Gunn-Peterson test.
Antioxidative Activity and Antimutagenicity of Three Plants in Annonaceae in Plant Genetics Conservation at Khok Phutaka, Amphur Phuwiang, Khon Kaen
Creators: name: Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2008
Subjects: Annonaceae, Antioxidation, Antimutagenicity

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 2, 104-112