cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Ð¡Ð²ÐµÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼ÑÐ¹ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð² Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸
title: ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ 05.12.04 "Ð Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°, Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ðµ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ"
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ð¥Ð°Ð±Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ²Ð°, ÐÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: ÐÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÑ
Ð§Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ°
ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½
Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ

description: Ð ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð½Ð° Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð°, Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÐ¼ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð². ÐÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ° Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°. ÐÐ¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð°, Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐµ Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°Ð²Ñ. Ð£ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ° Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸, ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ. Ð¡Ð¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð¸Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐµÐºÐ° ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ SMD-ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² (ÑÐµÐ·Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´Ñ.), Ð°Ð´ÐµÐºÐ²Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ðµ. ÐÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ð¼ÑÐµ Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸: Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾Ñ (Ð¾Ñ 6 Ð´Ð¾ 12 ÐÐÑ), ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð² â Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾ -95 Ð´ÐÐ½/ÐÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÐµ 100 ÐºÐÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑÐµÐ¹, ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ðµ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ (Ð½Ðµ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ 165 Ð¼ÐÑ), Ð½Ð° Ð½ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¾ Ð´Ð Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ðº.
Master of Fine Art submission
Creators: name: Clarke, Karina
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: TO REDEFINE THE CLASSICAL LANGUAGE OF FURNITURE IN THE CONTEXT OF OUR CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT TODAY. \Another unsettling element in modern art is that common symptom of immaturity the dread of doing what has been done before.\" EDITH WHARTON An investigation of the classical language of furniture will- enable me to understand the social and cultural implications of style through the study of forms materials and details expressed in selected furniture pieces. I will redefine classical language by translating these ideas into a modern context using technology to explore the different possibilities and uses within our cultural environment. I will begin my research with the Neo Classical period which can be traced from approximately 1750 to 1850. Neo Classicism became the first international style influencing design from St Petersburg to Virginia and strongly influencing the modern movement both intellectually and visually. \"It was inspired by the recent archaeological discoveries in Greece and Rome by the rational ideas of the Enlightenment and the resulting notions of 'apparent utility' developed by Laugier and the rejection of Baroque and Rococo forms in favour of simple geometrics largely rectilinear shapes derived from antique sources.\" Fontana dictionary of Modern Thought I am particularly attracted to Biedermeier furniture with its simple lines and pure forms. The technical and design brilliance of this furniture are apparent by both the visual ease of the forms and the ease with which this furniture can be incorporated into a diverse range of interiors. Within this century large developments have been made in the area of consumer design. Furniture design however has suffered at the hands of economic rationalism with a design mindset devoid of organic flowing forms. It is emotionless - lacking a connection with human qualities that give furniture a presence and soul in an environment. A cultural void has been created with contempory furniture 'design' the exclusive domain of 'designer set' clientele. Very little of contempory design advances filter through to the masses. I believe the 90's to be a time to challenge many thoughts and ideas that the 20th century has created. from past generations the moderns have inherited two things as Hugo von Hofmansthal observed: fine antique furniture and hypersensitive nerves. \"In furniture there is all that draws us to the past and in our nerves the drama of the presents doubts.\" THE HISTORY OF INTERIOR DECORATION BY MARIO PRAZ PUBLISHED THAMES & HUDSON My research may take me into the abstract allowing me the freedom to create designs from a variety of sources whether that be in response to a feeling the use of materials or from some attention to detail. My work will reflect the summary of my investigations within a contempory cultural context which incorporates our way of life values customs beliefs and living conditions."
DFT Study of Planar Boron Sheets: A New Template for Hydrogen Storage
Creators: name: Er, Süleyman
name: de Wijs, Gilles A.
name: Brocks, Geert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrogen storage properties of planar boron sheets and compare them to those of graphene. The binding of molecular hydrogen to the boron sheet (0.05 eV) is stronger than that to graphene. We find that dispersion of alkali metal (AM = Li, Na, and K) atoms onto the boron sheet markedly increases hydrogen binding energies and storage capacities. The unique structure of the boron sheet presents a template for creating a stable lattice of strongly bonded metal atoms with a large nearest neighbor distance. In contrast, AM atoms dispersed on graphene tend to cluster to form a bulk metal. In particular the boron-Li system is found to be a good candidate for hydrogen storage purposes. In the fully loaded case this compound can contain up to 10.7 wt. % molecular hydrogen with an average binding energy of 0.15 eV/H2.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables
Barrierless procedure for substitutionally doping graphene sheets with boron atoms: ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Pontes, Renato B.
name: Fazzio, A.
name: Dalpian, Gustavo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ab initio methods, we propose a simple and effective way to substitutionally dope graphene sheets with Boron. The method consists of selectively exposing each side of the graphene sheet to different elements. We first expose one side of the membrane to Boron, while the other side is exposed to Nitrogen. Proceeding this way, the B atoms will be spontaneously incorporated into the graphene membrane, without any activation barrier. In a second step, the system should be exposed to a H-rich environment, that will remove the CN radical from the layer and form HCN, leading to a perfect substitutional doping.
description: Accepted Physical Review B
Additional file 2: of The risks of cancer development in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Song, Lebin
name: Wang, Yi
name: Zhang, Jiayi
name: Song, Ninghong
name: Xu, Xiaoyun
name: Lu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. SIRs with 95%CIs and Observed/Expected events of individual studies enrolled in this study. (DOCX 37.2 kb)
Phonological and orthographic processing in normal reading development
Creators: name: Binns, Sonia
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Theories of normal reading development commonly propose that children move through various stages of reading development from using visual cues to developing phonological awareness and learning letter-to-sound correspondences. Current evidence suggests a reciprocal relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability. Dual-route models of word recognition can be interpreted as conceptualising phonological and orthographic decoding as two independent word processing routes. Flexible use of these strategies is considered necessary for successful reading and can be assessed using a phoneme/grapheme deletion task. Several current models assume that working memory plays an important role in reading since poor readers have been found to have poor working memory skills. This may be related to the capacity of working memory which increases during childhood. Studies of reading have often been criticised for studying disrupted forms of reading by using distracter tasks or subjects with neurological damage. To study reading without disruption a correlational approach may be used to identify cognitive processing components closely associated with capacity to read fluently.
title: Johann August Weppen's Der Hessische Officer in Amerika and David Christoph Seybold's Reizenstein The American Revolution and the German Bürgertum's Reassessment of America
Creators: name: DeLacey, Virginia Sasser
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: While American, British, and French reactions to the American Revolution are well-known, those of the German people are not, despite the presence of almost 30,000 German soldiers in America fighting for the British army and hundreds of German volunteers fighting for the American patriots. The participation of German soldiers on both sides of the conflict inspired numerous works of German poetry, prose, and drama, all largely forgotten in the wake of the French Revolution and the rise of German Classicism and Romanticism. This thesis examines two works that have received brief mention in the past two centuries: Der hessische Officier in Amerika, a 1783 play by the Gottingen lawyer and poet Johann August Weppen, and Reizenstein: Die Geschichte eines deutschen Officier, an epistolary novel in two volumes written by the Swabian classics scholar and teacher David Christoph Seybold that was published anonymously in 1778 and 1779. Analysis of these texts suggests that German involvement in the American Revolution led German writers to reevaluate their perceptions of America in light of new information that was being sent home by the soldiers serving there and news reports about the conflict that were being published in German newspapers. These works reflect the popular discourse about America that was being carried on throughout the German territories, reveal the political climate in the areas in which they were written, and show how America and the American Revolution were used to register German idealism and discontent. Weppen and Seybold contributed to a dynamic Amerikabild, or image of America, that developed in Germany during the American Revolution. This Amerikabild contrasted with the static views of America offered in pre- and post-Revolutionary literature about America, including the 1776 play Die Werbungfiir England by Johann Christoph Krauseneck and the 1798 novel Der Ungliickliche Walter by I. Maillard, which this thesis will briefly consider for purposes of comparison.
Dense and warm molecular gas in the envelopes and outflows of southern low-mass protostars
Creators: name: van Kempen, T. A.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Hogerheijde, M. R.
name: Guesten, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of dense molecular gas lie at the basis of our understanding of the density and temperature structure of protostellar envelopes and molecular outflows. We aim to characterize the properties of the protostellar envelope, molecular outflow and surrounding cloud, through observations of high excitation molecular lines within a sample of 16 southern sources presumed to be embedded YSOs. Observations of submillimeter lines of CO, HCO+ and their isotopologues, both single spectra and small maps were taken with the FLASH and APEX-2a instruments mounted on APEX to trace the gas around the sources. The HARP-B instrument on the JCMT was used to map IRAS 15398-3359 in these lines. HCO+ mapping probes the presence of dense centrally condensed gas, a characteristic of protostellar envelopes. The rare isotopologues C18O and H13CO+ are also included to determine the optical depth, column density, and source velocity. The combination of multiple CO transitions, such as 3-2, 4-3 and 7-6, allows to constrain outflow properties, in particular the temperature. Archival submillimeter continuum data are used to determine envelope masses. Eleven of the sixteen sources have associated warm and/or dense quiescent as characteristic of protostellar envelopes, or an associated outflow. Using the strength and degree of concentration of the HCO+ 4-3 and CO 4-3 lines as a diagnostic, five sources classified as Class I based on their spectral energy distributions are found not to be embedded YSOs. The C18O 3-2 lines show that for none of the sources, foreground cloud layers are present. Strong molecular outflows are found around six sources, .. (continued in paper)
description: Accepted by A&A, 13 figures
Cutaneous tolerance induction : a possible strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disease
Creators: name: Chen, Yi-Peng
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Exposure of murine skin to carcinogens such as 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or ultraviolet light B (UVB) irradiation depletes the epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and alters the local environment such that antigen applied through the treated skin causes the development of antigen specific immunosuppression. This ability to induce suppression was used as a strategy to downregulate an established immune response in mice sensitised to a contact sensitiser or mice with autoimmune disease. Mice immune to picryl chloride or 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) were treated with either DMBA or UVB irradiation which was then followed by TNCB through the treated skin. The DMBA followed by TNCB treatment downregulated both contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and antibody production in an antigen specific manner, whereas UVB followed by TNCB treatment could only downregulate the CHS response. When spleen cells were transferred from TNCB tolerant mice (i.e. naive mice treated with DMBA followed by TNCB) to TNCB-immune mice, both an established CHS and an established antibody response were downregulated in an antigen specific manner. Although there was significant downregulation, the reduction was not complete as it did not reach the background level.
Additional file 2: of The risks of cancer development in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Song, Lebin
name: Wang, Yi
name: Zhang, Jiayi
name: Song, Ninghong
name: Xu, Xiaoyun
name: Lu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S2. Meta-analysis results for included studies diagnosed according to accepted criteria of SLE (DOCX 23.2 kb)
A multideterminant assessment of mean field methods for the description of electron transfer in the weak coupling regime
Creators: name: Geskin, V.
name: Stadler, R.
name: Cornil, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multideterminant calculations have been performed on model systems to emphasize the role of many-body effects in the general description of charge quantization experiments. We show numerically and derive analytically that a closed-shell ansatz, the usual ingredient of mean-field methods, does not properly describe the step-like electron transfer characteristic in weakly coupled systems. With the multideterminant results as a benchmark, we have evaluated the performance of common ab initio mean field techniques, such as Hartree Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) with local and hybrid exchange correlation functionals, with a special focus on spin-polarization effects. For HF and hybrid DFT, a qualitatively correct open-shell solution with distinct steps in the electron transfer behaviour can be obtained with a spin-unrestricted (i.e., spin-polarized) ansatz though this solution differs quantitatively from the multideterminant reference. We also discuss the relationship between the electronic eigenvalue gap and the onset of charge transfer for both HF and DFT and relate our findings to recently proposed practical schemes for calculating the addition energies in the Coulomb blockade regime for single molecule junctions from closed-shell DFT within the local density approximation.
Sphecodopsis semirufa
Creators: name: Pöllein, Daniela
name: Kuhlmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Sphecodopsis
Sphecodopsis semirufa

description: Sphecodopsis semirufa species group
The group consists of the following six species: S. keiskiensis sp. nov., S. kuhlmanni Eardley, 2007, S. leonis, S. rufipes sp. nov., S. semirufa (Cockerell, 1933) and S. villosa (Friese, 1909). Characteristics of this group are the following: mesoscutum shiny, with sparse punctation (Figs 79D, 81D–E, 83D, 85D, 87D, 89D, 91D, 93D, 95D); fore tibia and tarsi usually completely or largely red (Figs 79D, 81D–E, 83D, 85D, 87D, 89D, 91D, 93D, 95D); female S6 bifid posteriorly, apical notch one to one and a half times as long as its apical width (Figs 80C, 82D, 88C, 92C); male gonostylus broader, rounded posteriorly and straight or slightly bent inward (Figs 84C–D, 86D, 90C–D, 94C–D, 96C–D).
description: Published as part of Pöllein, Daniela & Kuhlmann, Michael, 2025, Taxonomic revision of the southern African bee genus Sphecodopsis Bischoff, 1923 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae), pp. 1-157 in European Journal of Taxonomy 980 on page 103, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.980.2805, http://zenodo.org/record/14981767
Anti-localization of graphene under substrate electric field
Creators: name: Imura, Ken-Ichiro
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
name: Nomura, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple criterion is provided how the (anti-)localization properties of graphene are determined in the presence of inter-valley scattering, Kane-Mele topological mass term, and Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI). A set of (pseudo) time-reversal operations show that the number of effective internal degrees of freedom, such as spin and pseudo-spins distinguishing the sublattice and the valley, is the crucial parameter for localization. It is predicted that perpendicular electric field due to gate voltage of the substrate drives the system to anti-localization by enhancing the Rashba SOI.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 3: of The risks of cancer development in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Song, Lebin
name: Wang, Yi
name: Zhang, Jiayi
name: Song, Ninghong
name: Xu, Xiaoyun
name: Lu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S2. Sensitivity analysis of each included study; (A) The overall cancer; (B) The female group; (C) The male group; (D) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; (E) Hodgkin's lymphoma; (F) Leukemia; (G) Multiple myeloma; (H) Breast cancer; (I) Uterus cancer; (J) Cervix cancer; (K) Ovarian cancer; (L) Vagina/vulva cancer; (M) Prostate cancer; (N) Renal cancer; (O) Bladder cancer; (P) Esophagus cancer; (Q) Gastric cancer; (R) Hepatobiliary cancer; (S) Pancreatic cancer; (T) Colorectal cancer; (U) Lung cancer; (V) Oropharynx cancer; (W) Larynx cancer; (X) Cutaneous melanoma; (Y) Non-melanoma skin cancer; (Z) Brain cancer; (Î˛) Thyroid cancer. (PDF 3250 kb)
MICE: The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment: Phase Space Cooling Measurement
Creators: name: Hart, Terrence Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MICE is an experiment with a section of an ionization cooling channel and a muon beam. The muons will be produced by the decay of pions from a target dipping into the ISIS proton beam at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The channel includes liquid-hydrogen absorbers providing transverse and longitudinal momentum loss and high-gradient radiofrequency (RF) cavities for longitudinal reacceleration, all packed into a solenoidal magnetic channel. MICE will reduce the beam transverse emittance by about 10% for muon momenta between 140 and 240 MeV/c. Time-of-flight (TOF) counters, a threshold Cherenkov counter, and a calorimeter will identify background electrons and pions. Spectrometers before and after the cooling section will measure the beam transmission and input and output emittances with an absolute precision of 0.1%.
description: Submitted to NuFact09 proceedings; 1 LaTeX file plus 2 postscript figures
A molecular phylogenetic survey of polar sea ice microbial communities
Creators: name: Brown, Mark Vincent
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The structure of the Antarctic sea ice cover is highly heterogenous, with composition in a given region depending on extremely localised physical processes. Past studies have revealed a wide range of sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO's), associated with a variety of ice types. Many of these assemblages are highly productive. Given the enormous extent of the ice cover these localised but highly productive communities constitute an important component of the regions biological processes. To date, our knowledge of the taxonomical composition of SIMCO's extends from culture based studies. This study employed culture independent molecular techniques to identify biodiversity in a variety of SIMCO's. Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes were constructed from the total environmental DNA extracted from one Arctic and seven Antarctic sea ice samples using universally-conserved, Archaea-specific and Bacteria-specific 16S rDNA primers. A total of 539 recombinant clones were obtained. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis grouped the clones into 100 distinct phylotypes (a unique clone or group of clones with sequence similarity >0.98) representing sympagic organisms of Bacterial and Eukaryotic origin. Bacterial clones were affiliated with the alpha and gamma Proteobacteria, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides Group, the ChlamydialVerricomicrobia and the Gram positive bacteria. One clone was not closely affiliated with any Bacterial Division. Eukaryotic clones were affiliated with a variety of autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoplankton and included a large number of plastid genes. A number of sequences from both groups represented putatively novel organisms. The findings of this examination corroborate data previously collected during culture based studies indicating bacterial biodiversity increases in SIMCO's displaying high levels of primary productivity. Shifts in community composition appear to be associated with alterations in the carbon budget. A comparison of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice communities revealed several common genera occuring at both poles. The information gained from this study provides a focus for a number of important future studies including in situ based analyses of SIMCO composition, cultivation of novel organims identified by sequence anlaysis, and the examination of biogeography of polar sea ice microbial bacteria.
XROM and RCOM: Two New OGLE-III Real Time Data Analysis Systems
Creators: name: Udalski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe two new OGLE-III real time data analysis systems: XROM and RCOM. The XROM system has been designed to provide continuous real time photometric monitoring of the optical counterparts of X-ray sources while RCOM system provides real time photometry of R Coronae Borealis variable stars located in the OGLE-III fields. Both systems can be used for triggering follow-up observations in crucial phases of variability episodes of monitored objects.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Competition between collective and individual dynamics
Creators: name: Grauwin, Sébastian
name: Bertin, Eric
name: Lemoy, Rémi
name: Jensen, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linking the microscopic and macroscopic behavior is at the heart of many natural and social sciences. This apparent similarity conceals essential differences across disciplines: while physical particles are assumed to optimize the global energy, economic agents maximize their own utility. Here, we solve exactly a Schelling-like segregation model, which interpolates continuously between cooperative and individual dynamics. We show that increasing the degree of cooperativity induces a qualitative transition from a segregated phase of low utility towards a mixed phase of high utility. By introducing a simple function which links the individual and global levels, we pave the way to a rigorous approach of a wide class of systems, where dynamics is governed by individual strategies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PNAS
Возможности и вызовы китайско-российского нефтегазового сотрудничества в новой ситуации
Creators: name: Богомолова, Евгения
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2023
Subjects: new situation
China-Russia oil and gas cooperation
opportunities and challenges
новая ситуация
китайско-российское нефтегазовое сотрудничество
возможности и вызовы

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 12 (138) 2023
Memorials for the living : a cross-cultural analysis of mythology & representations of the Battle of the Atlantic 1939-1945
Creators: name: Campbell, I
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines representations resulting from the Battle of the Atlantic. Representations of the Second World War have changed little since 1950; there has been even less in portrayals of the Atlantic Campaign. Participant's experiences were distilled into myths: the essence of the events and emotions. Portrayals were written mainly by participants. They embodied what those participants wanted to recall and communicate, and continuity dominated movement in both representation and interpretation. The readily available primary sources tell us little about postwar perceptions of the Atlantic. Secondary sources have been used for the first time to define, describe and illustrate military and civilian mythologies of the Atlantic Battle from many countries, principally Britain, Germany, Canada and the United States of America. How and why participants and others created sense and relationships with their experiences through myth is explained. The limited penetration of popular culture by these portrayals explain their position among other recollections of modern wars. The sources of these mythologies in maritime culture and their origin during the Great War are shown. Their change and development through Second World War activities and national needs are traced. Without those national needs, postwar limitations upon authors and audiences, as well as the effects of the concentration of public memory upon other things, led to relative ignorance and isolation. The portrayals still embodied participants' requirements. After the Second World War types of representation and commemoration were defined and established. New sources and new interest in the subject after 1974 are demonstrated. These diverted interest and activity. Recent anniversaries and writing reveal the broad range of types of representation among several media, increasing academic depth and sophistication, and the healthy prospects for further elaboration and exploration. Change has been brought by the desire of new, younger non-participants to rework and reinterpret old events and myths in order to achieve greater understanding, and promote more awareness and commemoration of relatively neglected people and their times.
Exploring Relationships and Sex Education Teachers’ and Practitioners’ Views and Experiences of Policy and Practice post-September 2020
Creators: name: Macpherson, Rosie Laura
Publisher: name: University of Surrey
Year: 2025
Subjects: RSE
Policy
Practice
PSHE
Discourse Analysis
Mixed Methods
Interviews
Survey
Sex Education

description: From September 2020, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) was made
description: compulsory across all secondary schools in England, to give all pupils the skills they
description: need to succeed in their personal, social, and academic lives. To support schools in
description: the design and implementation of a compulsory RSE, the government issued all
description: schools with compulsory subject guidance. Notably, this guidance included mention of
description: LGBTQ+ lives and relationships and their inclusion within RSE.
description: This thesis aimed to develop an understanding of the 2019 RSE guidance, how
description: the policy was being enacted in practice, to explore the opinions of teachers and
description: practitioners of compulsory RSE, and to what extent LGBTQ+ lives and relationships
description: are being included in RSE. This was done through a mixed methods approach. A
description: discourse analysis was conducted on the 2019 RSE guidance. An online survey was
description: administered to understand teachers’ and practitioners’ views of compulsory RSE, the
description: guidance, and LGBTQ+ inclusivity in RSE (n=58). Interviews were conducted virtually
description: with RSE teachers and practitioners to further explore their perceptions and
description: experiences of compulsory RSE (n=20).
description: The discourse analysis identified that the 2019 RSE guidance was very
description: ambiguous and remained written under the assumption that all pupils are cisgender
description: and heterosexual, othering LGBTQ+ identities. The survey showed very few variations
description: between educators in their attitudes towards RSE and inclusivity in the curriculum,
description: both of which were very positive. The interviews demonstrated that participants felt
description: passionate about RSE but that the guidance had created confusion about what to
description: include when designing a curriculum.
description: Based on a synthesis of findings, this thesis argues that compulsory RSE has
description: done little to combat the variability in provision. The ambiguous language in the
description: guidance has created confusion amongst educators regarding what they should
description: include in RSE. Many feel that the guidance does little to support the inclusion of
description: LGBTQ+ lives and relationships, and educators feel that they lack the knowledge and
description: terminology to effectively do so themselves. Despite many challenges, it was clear
description: that educators remained passionate about RSE.
Origin of the anomalous Hall Effect in overdoped n-type cuprates: current vertex corrections due to antiferromagnetic fluctuations
Creators: name: Jenkins, G. S.
name: Schmadel, D. C.
name: Bach, P. L.
name: Greene, R. L.
name: Bechamp-Laganiere, X.
name: Roberge, G.
name: Fournier, P.
name: Kontani, H.
name: Drew, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous magneto-transport properties in electron doped (n-type) cuprates were investigated using Hall measurements at THz frequencies. The complex Hall angle was measured in overdoped Pr$_{\rm 2-x}$Ce$_{\rm x}$CuO$_{\rm 4}$ samples (x=0.17 and 0.18) as a continuous function of temperature above $T_c$ at excitation energies 5.24 and 10.5 meV. The results, extrapolated to low temperatures, show that inelastic scattering introduces electron-like contributions to the Hall response. First principle calculations of the Hall angle that include current vertex corrections (CVC) induced by electron interactions mediated by magnetic fluctuations in the Hall conductivity reproduce the temperature, frequency, and doping dependence of the experimental data. These results show that CVC effects are the source of the anomalous Hall transport properties in overdoped n$\text{-}$type cuprates.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Reducible second-class constraints of order L: An irreducible approach
Creators: name: Bizdadea, C.
name: Cioroianu, E. M.
name: Negru, I.
name: Saliu, S. O.
name: Sararu, S. C.
name: Balus, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An irreducible canonical approach to second-class constraints reducible of an arbitrary order is given. This method generalizes our previous results from [Europhys. Lett. 50 (2000) 169, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 (2007) 14537] for first- and respectively second-order reducible second-class constraints. The general procedure is illustrated on Abelian gauge-fixed p-forms.
Student perceptions of campus environment
Creators: name: Gellor, Jaime Mendez
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The problem of this study was to ascertain the relationship of students' differential perception of a campus environment to some personality characteristics. The following correlates of perception were considered: personality traits, length of stay in college, sex, college entrance scores, academic marks, and leadership roles. The major conceptual framework of this study included Kelly's (1955) psychology of personal constructs and Snygg and Combs' (1959) phenomenological determinant of behavior postulate. The subjects of this study included 594 students enrolled at the Bukidnon Normal College, Philippines, during the school year 1970-71. The College and University Environment Scales of C. Robert Pace (1966) and the new Edwards Personality Inventory (1966) were the two major instruments used in the study. In addition, the class advisers evaluated the students' leadership qualities using the Leadership Rating Form. Means, standard deviations, analysis of variance, the F test of significance, Duncan's New Multiple Comparison Test, and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were the statistical techniques used in the analysis of data. The results showed that the freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior students had a consensus of the various dimensions that make up the school environment. It was found that the negative perceivers of campus environment tended to have some aggressive personality traits, while positive perceivers of campus environment tended to have some passive personality traits. In general, students tended to rate the campus environment lower as they stayed longer in the campus. Males were found to rate the campus environment lower than females. Furthermore, it was found that the students' perception of a campus environment was negatively related to individual academic performance and leadership roles. Implications from the findings were made for counselors, faculty members and school administrators for the improvement of various educational programs at the college. The major conclusion of the study is that students in the college have a consensus perception of the campus environment and that those with positive and negative perceptions of the environmental press have some personality characteristics related to their manner of evaluating the institutional image.
Cold and Ultracold Rydberg Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Pohl, T.
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
name: Schmelcher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold Rydberg atoms exposed to strong magnetic fields possess unique properties which open the pathway for an intriguing many-body dynamics taking place in Rydberg gases consisting of either matter or anti-matter systems. We review both the foundations and recent developments of the field in the cold and ultracold regime where trapping and cooling of Rydberg atoms have become possible. Exotic states of moving Rydberg atoms such as giant dipole states are discussed in detail, including their formation mechanisms in a strongly magnetized cold plasma. Inhomogeneous field configurations influence the electronic structure of Rydberg atoms, and we describe the utility of corresponding effects for achieving tightly trapped ultracold Rydberg atoms. We review recent work on large, extended cold Rydberg gases in magnetic fields and their formation in strongly magnetized ultracold plasmas through collisional recombination. Implications of these results for current antihydrogen production experiments are pointed out, and techniques for trapping and cooling of such atoms are investigated.
description: 46 pages, 38 figures, to appear in Physics Reports
An investigation of delayed language development of a withdrawn blind child
Creators: name: Rogow, Sally M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Delay in language development can be the result of failure of a child to use language for purposes of communication. The notion that productive control of language can be considered separately from competence in language emerges as an important investigative concept. A non-verbal blind child whose delay in language was accompanied by indications that language was comprehended is the subject of this study. Demonstration of language acquisition and comprehension of both structural (syntactic) forms and understanding of meaning was achieved by a transformational analysis of spontaneous utterances, sentence completions, word associations, and the Brown and Berko Usage Test. The investigation of the language usage of the subject is considered in terms of social usage and the acquisition of public and private symbol systems. Three major premises emerge from the study: 1. Language may be acquired and competence attained while productive control remains undeveloped. 2. The structural forms employed provide an accurate reflection of deviance in language and speech development. 3. The question of reference to the external world is crucial to the development of language for social communication.
Modele wielosektorowej polityki społecznej wobec ludzi starych i starości w kontekście zmiany technologicznej [Models of multisectoral social policy towards older people and old age in the context of technological change]
Creators: name: Klimczuk, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: Starzenie się społeczeństw stanowi wyzwanie, które wymaga horyzontalnej polityki społecznej. Polityka ta powinna uwzględniać zróżnicowanie osób starszych, a w związku z tym opracowywać i wdrażać wiele odmiennych działań skierowanych do tej grupy. Ponadto powinna zwracać uwagę na wizerunek starości w społeczeństwie. Złożoność negatywnych konsekwencji starzenia się sprawia, iż kluczowe jest wzmocnienie współpracy podmiotów publicznych, komercyjnych, pozarządowych i nieformalnych na wszystkich poziomach organizacji polityki społecznej. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przybliżenie modeli wielosektorowej polityki społecznej oraz podkreślenie możliwości integracji usług społecznych. Artykuł wskazuje na szanse i zagrożenia dla tej integracji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zagadnień "srebrnej gospodarki", wykluczenia cyfrowego i robotycznego. W podsumowaniu pokazano możliwości rozwoju innowacji społecznych oraz kierunki dalszych badań.
Exploring the influence of Mandarin learning and teaching among students' and teachers' intercultural citizenship development in Pakistani Higher Education
Creators: name: Ahmad, Adeeba
Publisher: name: University of Surrey
Year: 2025
Subjects: Intercultural Citizenship
Mandarin teaching and learning
Foreignllanguage teaching and Internationalisation of higher education

description: This PhD thesis investigates the influence of learning and teaching Mandarin as a foreign language on developing intercultural citizenship among university students and teachers in Pakistan. Notably, while extensive research has been conducted on English learning and teaching in relation to intercultural citizenship, studies on other foreign languages, particularly Mandarin, remain scarce (Jin, 2017). Addressing this gap, this research examines the intersection of foreign language initiatives, intercultural citizenship, in an Islamic society within the broader context of internationalisation of higher education. Framed by theories of internationalisation and mainly by Byram's intercultural citizenship framework, this studyemploys a qualitative research methodology, that showcases three studies i.e., Study 1 sets the scene through a critical discourse analysis of documents related to Mandarin learning programmes in Pakistan, including online news articles and politicians’ speeches about introducing Mandarin in higher education through Confucius Institutes. This analysis sets the contextual background for the primary focus of this research, i.e., Study 2 and Study 3 onassessing the extent to which intercultural citizenship can be developed through engaging in Mandarin learning and teaching. Empirical data were collected through focus group discussions with 52 university students for Study 2 and semi-structured interviews with 7Pakistani Mandarin teachers from universities for Study 3, in the provinces of Sindh and Punjab. Despite intercultural citizenship not being an explicit CPEC goal, the findings reveal three key contributions. Firstly, findings highlight how Mandarin teaching and learning in the absence of ICit as an explicit aim, derived from the economic policy known as the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), potentially fosters intercultural citizenship. Secondly, the study shows how Mandarin teaching and learning in an Islamic society can inform a contextualised and situated model of intercultural citizenship. It demonstrates the need to contextualise the ‘intercultural knowledge’ aspect of intercultural citizenship framework, to specifically address ‘inter-religiocultural knowledge’, particularly in societies rooted in theology. Thirdly, the study brings to light a non-English and non-Western -centric approach to intercultural citizenship that is essential for higher education. These insights are essential for policymakers, educators, and researchers aiming to foster intercultural citizenship through Mandarin or other foreign languages apart from English, especially in Islamic and theological countries.
A Note on Farey Fractions With Odd Denominators
Creators: name: Haynes, Alan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B57

description: In this paper we examine the subset of Farey fractions of order Q consisting of those fractions whose denominators are odd. In particular, we consider the frequencies of values of numerators of differences of consecutive elements in this set. After proving an asymptotic result for these frequencies, we use estimates coming from incomplete Kloosterman sums to generalize our result to subintervals of [0,1].
РАЗВИТИЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ СРЕДЫ В РОССИИ
Creators: name: Киварина, Мария
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2023
Subjects: entrepreneurship
entrepreneurial environment
law
economy
предпринимательство
предпринимательская среда
закон
экономика

description: Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 12 (138) 2023
Self-Similar Evolution of Cosmic-Ray Modified Shocks: The Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
Creators: name: Kang, Hyesung
name: Ryu, Dongsu
name: Jones, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use kinetic simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) to study the time-dependent evolution of plane, quasi-parallel, cosmic-ray (CR) modified shocks. Thermal leakage injection of low energy CRs and finite Alfvén wave propagation and dissipation are included. Bohm diffusion as well as the diffusion with the power-law momentum dependence are modeled. As long as the acceleration time scale to relativistic energies is much shorter than the dynamical evolution time scale of the shocks, the precursor and subshock transition approach the time-asymptotic state, which depends on the shock sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers and the CR injection efficiency. For the diffusion models we employ, the shock precursor structure evolves in an approximately self-similar fashion, depending only on the similarity variable, x/(u_s t). During this self-similar stage, the CR distribution at the subshock maintains a characteristic form as it evolves: the sum of two power-laws with the slopes determined by the subshock and total compression ratios with an exponential cutoff at the highest accelerated momentum, p_{max}(t). Based on the results of the DSA simulations spanning a range of Mach numbers, we suggest functional forms for the shock structure parameters, from which the aforementioned form of CR spectrum can be constructed. These analytic forms may represent approximate solutions to the DSA problem for astrophysical shocks during the self-similar evolutionary stage as well as during the steady-state stage if p_{max} is fixed.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, ApJ accepted