cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio variational wave functions for the time-dependent many-electron Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Nys, Jannes
name: Pescia, Gabriel
name: Sinibaldi, Alessandro
name: Carleo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the real-time evolution of many-electron quantum systems is essential for studying dynamical properties in condensed matter, quantum chemistry, and complex materials, yet it poses a significant theoretical and computational challenge. Our work introduces a variational approach for fermionic time-dependent wave functions, surpassing mean-field approximations by accurately capturing many-body correlations. Therefore, we employ time-dependent Jastrow factors and backflow transformations, which are enhanced through neural networks parameterizations. To compute the optimal time-dependent parameters, we utilize the time-dependent variational Monte Carlo technique and a new method based on Taylor-root expansions of the propagator, enhancing the accuracy of our simulations. The approach is demonstrated in three distinct systems. In all cases, we show clear signatures of many-body correlations in the dynamics. The results showcase the ability of our variational approach to accurately capture the time evolution, providing insight into the quantum dynamics of interacting electronic systems, beyond the capabilities of mean-field.
A New Look at Hard Labor Creek Observatory
Creators: name: Moore, Robert
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2012

description: This document presents a study of astronomical observing conditions of Hard Labor Creek Observatory. Analysis of factors such as sky brightness, astonomical seeing, and patterns in the level of cloudiness at the site are presented. Characteristics of the observatory's Apogee Alta U230 camera are also measured and calculated. These characteristics include loss of linearity in the CCD's response to light, read noise, gain, dark current, and stability in the camera's bias levels. The camera is also used in conjunction with the 20-inch RC Optics telescope to determine the system's pixel scale and a set of limiting magnitudes for the Johnson-Cousins photometric filters that are used with the camera. Observations of a transit of known transiting exoplanet Qatar-2 b as well as observations of the open cluster Messier 29 are also performed to demonstrate the ability of the equipment to perform precise photometric observations.
Time Resolved Absorption Spectroscopy for the Study of Electron Transfer Processes in Photosynthetic Systems
Creators: name: Makita, Hiroki
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2012

description: Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study light induced electron transfer processes in Type 1 photosynthetic reaction centers. Flash induced absorption changes were probed at 800, 703 and 487 nm, and on multiple timescales from nanoseconds to tens of milliseconds. Both wild type and menB mutant photosystem I reaction centers from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were studied. Photosystem I reaction centers from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the newly discovered chlorophyll-d containing organism Acaryochloris marina, were also studied.
The flash induced absorption changes obtained for menB mutant photosystem I reaction centers are distinguishable from wild type at 800 nm. MenB mutant photosystem I reaction centers displays a large amplitude decay phase with lifetime of ~50 ns which is absent in wild type photosystem I reaction centers. It is hypothesized that this ~50 ns phase is due to the formation of the triplet state of primary electron donor.
Halysidota tucumanicola Strand 1919
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoît
name: Laguerre, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Halysidota
Halysidota tucumanicola

description: Halysidota tucumanicola Strand, 1919
Halisidota tucumanicola Strand, 1919: 416. Replacement name for Halisidota tucumana Rothschild, 1909.
Halisidota tucumana Rothschild, 1909b: 285. Junior primary homonym of Halisidota tucumana Rothschild, 1909.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Argentina, Tucumán.
TYPE SPECIMEN. — Lectotype male designated by Watson (1980: 30) (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Vincent, Benoît & Laguerre, Michel, 2014, Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 137-533 in Zoosystema 36 (2) on page 317, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5395344
Using A Two-Scintillator Paddle Telescope for Cosmic Ray Flux Measurements
Creators: name: Camp, David
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2012

description: A two-scintillator paddle muon telescope with variable angular acceptance at the  earth's surface was used to study correlations between flux distribution and barometric pressure.  The detector was placed in 2 different locations around Georgia State University with varying paddle separations of 0, 7, and 14 inches.  Correlation and anti-correlation analyses were conducted by using the muon count from the detector along with the barometric pressure, surface temperature, stratospheric temperature and solar activity.  It was observed that there was a short and long-term variation relationship between cosmic ray counts and barometric pressure and also cosmic ray counts and temperature.  No significant relationship was found between cosmic ray flux and solar activity.  A new two-scintillator paddle telescope with larger detecting area was constructed in order to observe a stronger correlation between cosmic ray flux and pressure.
Transforming High School Physics With Modeling And Computation
Creators: name: Aiken, John
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2013

description: The Engage to Excel (PCAST) report, the National Research Council's Framework for K-12 Science Education, and the Next Generation Science Standards all call for transforming the physics classroom into an environment that teaches students real scientific practices. This work describes the early stages of one such attempt to transform a high school physics classroom. Specifically, a series of model-building and computational modeling exercises were piloted in a ninth grade Physics First classroom. Student use of computation was assessed using a proctored programming assignment, where the students produced and discussed a computational model of a baseball in motion via a high-level programming environment (VPython). Student views on computation and its link to mechanics was assessed with a written essay and a series of think-aloud interviews. This pilot study shows computation's ability for connecting scientific practice to the high school science classroom.
Gauss-Bonnet AdS planar and spherical black hole thermodynamics and holography
Creators: name: Paul, Souvik
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Saha, Ashis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we extend the study in \href{https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP11(2022)013}{JHEP11(2022)013} incorporating the AdS/CFT duality to establish a relationship between the local temperatures (Tolman temperatures) of a large (AdS) spherical and a (AdS) planar Schwarzschild black hole near the AdS boundary considering Gauss-Bonnet curvature correction in the gravitational action. We have shown that the higher curvature corrections appear in the local temperature relationship due to the inclusion of Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk. By transforming the metric into Fefferman-Graham form, we have calculated the energy density of the conformal fluid at the boundary. The obtained result contains finite coupling corrections which are holographically induced by the Gauss-Bonnet curvature correction in the bulk theory. Following the well known approach of fluid/gravity duality, the energy density of the conformal fluid at the boundary is then compared with the black body radiation energy density. This comparison shows that the energy density is proportional to the temperature of the conformal fluid. The temperature of the conformal fluid is then shown to be related to the Tolman temperature of the black hole which then eventually helps us to establish both the Hawking temperature and Tolman temperature relationship between large spherically symmetric and planar Schwarzschild black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity near the AdS boundary.
description: v1: 17 pages LaTex, v2: 23 pages & multiple new figures, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Clinical Insights into Structure, Regulation, and Targeting of ABL Kinases in Human Leukemia
Creators: name: Wu, Andrew
name: Liu, Xiaohu
name: Fruhstorfer, Clark
name: Jiang, Xiaoyan
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2024

description: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a multistep, multi-lineage myeloproliferative disease that originates from a translocation event between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. The resultant fusion protein BCR::ABL1 is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that can phosphorylate multiple downstream signaling molecules to promote cellular survival and inhibit apoptosis. Currently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which impair ABL1 kinase activity by preventing ATP entry, are widely used as a successful therapeutic in CML treatment. However, disease relapses and the emergence of resistant clones have become a critical issue for CML therapeutics. Two main reasons behind the persisting obstacles to treatment are the acquired mutations in the ABL1 kinase domain and the presence of quiescent CML leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in the bone marrow, both of which can confer resistance to TKI therapy. In this article, we systemically review the structural and molecular properties of the critical domains of BCR::ABL1 and how understanding the essential role of BCR::ABL1 kinase activity has provided a solid foundation for the successful development of molecularly targeted therapy in CML. Comparison of responses and resistance to multiple BCR::ABL1 TKIs in clinical studies and current combination treatment strategies are also extensively discussed in this article.
Study of the Surface Morphology of Thermally Annealed Copper Foils and Various Transfer Methods for Graphene
Creators: name: Sarajlic, Olesya
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2013

description: The surface morphology of thermally annealed copper foils utilized for graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been studied by Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) as a function of heat treatment. This study reports on the surface roughness and relative grain size before and after thermal annealing. The main results are that (a) the graphene covered foil exhibits reduced surface roughness, and (b) the graphene film preserves an imprint of the Cu grain structure. In the second part of the work, the transfer of CVD graphene is experimentally investigated using Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC), and Polystyrene (PS). Noticeable improvement to surface cleanness as well as electrical properties of graphene is observed after the ethanol treatment. Finally, Raman characterization showed apparent blue-shifts of the G and 2D bands suggesting that the graphene is heavily doped after the ethanol treatment.
Polynomial Fourier decay for fractal measures and their pushforwards
Creators: name: Baker, Simon
name: Banaji, Amlan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A38 (Primary) 28A80, 60F10 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the pushforwards of a very general class of fractal measures $μ$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ under a large family of non-linear maps $F \colon \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$ exhibit polynomial Fourier decay: there exist $C,η>0$ such that $|\widehat{Fμ}(ξ)|\leq C|ξ|^{-η}$ for all $ξ\neq 0$. Using this, we prove that if $Φ= \{ φ_a \colon [0,1] \to [0,1] \}_{a \in \mathcal{A}}$ is an iterated function system consisting of analytic contractions, and there exists $a \in \mathcal{A}$ such that $φ_a$ is not an affine map, then every non-atomic self-conformal measure for $Φ$ has polynomial Fourier decay; this result was obtained simultaneously by Algom, Rodriguez Hertz, and Wang. We prove applications related to the Fourier uniqueness problem, Fractal Uncertainty Principles, Fourier restriction estimates, and quantitative equidistribution properties of numbers in fractal sets.
description: 53 pages, 1 figure. v2 has several clarifications and changes to structure and numbering; main results are unchanged. To appear in Mathematische Annalen
A New All-sky Catalogue of Candidate Protoplanetary Disks from Aggregated Optical and Infrared Surveys
Creators: name: Horenstein, Daniel
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2017

description: To guide research into formation scenarios for giant planets, I present a catalogue of 199,391 sources with candidate protoplanetary disks. These candidates are identified through an iterative color selection process in a 5,460-dimensional color-color space. As part of this process, photometry and SIMBAD classifications are aggregated from multiple large surveys, collectively covering 14 optical and infrared bands from 0.35 ? 22 microns. An estimated false positive rate of 36.1% makes this catalogue a suitably sturdy foundation for a wide range of subsequent studies. After a discussion of the context surrounding this research, the forthcoming journal article describing this catalogue is reprinted in its entirety, and commentary is offered on the results.
Limiting behavior of minimizing $p$-harmonic maps in 3d as $p$ goes to $2$ with finite fundamental group
Creators: name: Bulanyi, Bohdan
name: Van Schaftingen, Jean
name: Van Vaerenbergh, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58E20, 49J45, 49Q10, 35B25, 76A15

description: We study the limiting behavior of minimizing $p$-harmonic maps from a bounded Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$ to a compact connected Riemannian manifold without boundary and with finite fundamental group as $p \nearrow 2$. We prove that there exists a closed set $S_{*}$ of finite length such that minimizing $p$-harmonic maps converge to a locally minimizing harmonic map in $Ω\setminus S_{*}$. We prove that locally inside $Ω$ the singular set $S_{*}$ is a finite union of straight line segments, and it minimizes the mass in the appropriate class of admissible chains. Furthermore, we establish local and global estimates for the limiting singular harmonic map. Under additional assumptions, we prove that globally in $\overlineΩ$ the set $S_{*}$ is a finite union of straight line segments, and it minimizes the mass in the appropriate class of admissible chains, which is defined by a given boundary datum and $Ω$.
description: 79 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections
Dystopia and the Traditionalist Conservative Mind
Creators: name: Torrisi, Luke Frank
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440811
subject: Political theory and political philosophy

description: This dissertation is designed to add to the understanding of Traditionalist Conservatism (“Tradcon”) a distinct worldview within the school of Conservative thought. The aim is to go beyond policy positions to an understanding of some of the fundamental philosophical beliefs that form the Tradcon worldview.
I do this through the lens of dystopia. The dissertation first establishes what I mean by “dystopia” which is now itself a contested term. The dissertation considers dystopia as a tradition; as a cultural artefact. By looking at Tradcon through the lens of the dystopian tradition (a series of specified traits), one not only sees that dystopia and Tradcon have always been connected, but one gains insight into the fundamentals of the Tradcon worldview.
The traits are aptly summarised as: the transcendental, the imaginative and the anti-utopian. I begin by orienting the reader as to the place of Tradcon within the development of conservatism. This introduces the reader to Russell Kirk, not just a pivotal figure in conservatism but the central figure in the Traditionalist school and with whom it is most often associated. The reader is given an understanding of how Tradcons and Kirk became increasingly marginalised figures in the second half of the twentieth century, despite the latter being so fundamental to the renaissance of conservatism generally and widely known and respect throughout his life. To this extent consideration is given to Tradcons now existing in what could be regarded as “dystopian” conditions.
The Tradcons are then considered in the light of the key traits of dystopia which they share. The manner in which the Tradcons exhibit the transcendental, the imaginative and the anti-utopian is considered and also contrasted against other schools of conservatism with whom they are often conflated or confused. The nuances of difference are highlighted here.
The next three chapters then focus on each of these traits in a particular way. The transcendental is considered in light of the Tradcon’s attitude to time and history; the Imaginative with respect to the concept of the Moral Imagination and their approach to utopia from their treatment of dystopia in practice and the theological premise they hold when approaching the topic. Each instance is illustrated with close readings, of key sections, of what are considered classic Tradcon texts.
The final chapter draws the traits together and shows their inter-relationship in a consideration of the Tradcon’s attitude to millennialism - a key concept in the development of dystopia as tradition.
The dissertation closes with a consideration of how the understanding of the deeper philosophy of Tradcons might explain their ongoing existence and seeming relevance, despite being a very marginalised school - even within conservatism.
A semi-numerical algorithm for the homology lattice and periods of complex elliptic surfaces over the projective line
Creators: name: Pichon-Pharabod, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 14Q10, Secondary 32G20, 14D05

description: We provide an algorithm for computing an effective basis of homology of elliptic surfaces over the complex projective line on which integration of periods can be carried out. This allows the heuristic recovery of several algebraic invariants of the surface, notably the Néron-Severi lattice, the transcendental lattice, the Mordell-Weil group and the Mordell-Weil lattice. This algorithm comes with a SageMath implementation.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
What Can Quantum Information Theory Offer to Quantum Chemistry?
Creators: name: Aliverti-Piuri, Damiano
name: Chatterjee, Kaustav
name: Ding, Lexin
name: Liao, Ke
name: Liebert, Julia
name: Schilling, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is the ultimate goal of this work to foster synergy between quantum chemistry and the flourishing field of quantum information theory. For this, we first translate quantum information concepts such as entanglement and correlation into the context of quantum chemical systems. In particular, we establish two conceptually distinct perspectives on `electron correlation' leading to a notion of orbital and particle correlation. We then demonstrate that particle correlation equals total orbital correlation minimized over all orbital bases. Accordingly, particle correlation resembles the minimal, thus intrinsic, complexity of many-electron wave functions while orbital correlation quantifies their complexity relative to a basis. We illustrate these concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic correlation complexity in molecular systems, which also manifests the crucial link between the two correlation pictures. Our results provide theoretical justification for the long-favored natural orbitals for simplifying electronic structures, and open new pathways for developing more efficient approaches towards the electron correlation problem.
Characterisation of Anti-Arrhythmic Drug Effects on Cardiac Electrophysiology using Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Creators: name: Chiu, Ching-En
name: Pinto, Arieh Levy
name: Chowdhury, Rasheda A
name: Christensen, Kim
name: Varela, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The ability to accurately infer cardiac electrophysiological (EP) properties is key to improving arrhythmia diagnosis and treatment. In this work, we developed a physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) framework to predict how different myocardial EP parameters are modulated by anti-arrhythmic drugs. Using $\textit{in vitro}$ optical mapping images and the 3-channel Fenton-Karma model, we estimated the changes in ionic channel conductance caused by these drugs.
 Our framework successfully characterised the action of drugs HMR1556, nifedipine and lidocaine - respectively, blockade of $I_{K}$, $I_{Ca}$, and $I_{Na}$ currents - by estimating that they decreased the respective channel conductance by $31.8\pm2.7\%$ $(p=8.2 \times 10^{-5})$, $80.9\pm21.6\%$ $(p=0.02)$, and $8.6\pm0.5\%$ $ (p=0.03)$, leaving the conductance of other channels unchanged. For carbenoxolone, whose main action is the blockade of intercellular gap junctions, PINNs also successfully predicted no significant changes $(p>0.09)$ in all ionic conductances.
 Our results are an important step towards the deployment of PINNs for model parameter estimation from experimental data, bringing this framework closer to clinical or laboratory images analysis and for the personalisation of mathematical models.
description: Accepted for publication in the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2024
Photometric and Kinematic Modeling of Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Garcia, Karen
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2017

description: Low surface brightness (LSB) disk dwarf galaxies are dark matter dominated down to their core, making their halo density distributions vital in testing cosmological model halo predictions. In this thesis, we characterize the photometric and kinematic properties of four nearby LSB dwarfs, determine if they are good candidates for dark matter halo studies, and provide the tools needed to isolate their dark matter component. We use optical broadband imaging and integral field spectroscopy to obtain photometric images and create 2D velocity maps of each galaxy. Using photometric and kinematic DiskFit models, we derived surface brightness profiles, rotation curves, and disk geometry parameters for each galaxy. We found our sample of dwarf galaxies to be free of bulges, bars, and non-circular motions, making them excellent candidates for future dark matter studies.
A Weibull Mixture Cure Frailty Model for High-dimensional Covariates
Creators: name: Kızılaslan, Fatih
name: Swanson, David Michael
name: Vitelli, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62N02, 62J07

description: A novel mixture cure frailty model is introduced for handling censored survival data. Mixture cure models are preferable when the existence of a cured fraction among patients can be assumed. However, such models are heavily underexplored: frailty structures within cure models remain largely undeveloped, and furthermore, most existing methods do not work for high-dimensional datasets, when the number of predictors is significantly larger than the number of observations. In this study, we introduce a novel extension of the Weibull mixture cure model that incorporates a frailty component, employed to model an underlying latent population heterogeneity with respect to the outcome risk. Additionally, high-dimensional covariates are integrated into both the cure rate and survival part of the model, providing a comprehensive approach to employ the model in the context of high-dimensional omics data. We also perform variable selection via an adaptive elastic-net penalization, and propose a novel approach to inference using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Extensive simulation studies are conducted across various scenarios to demonstrate the performance of the model, and results indicate that our proposed method outperforms competitor models. We apply the novel approach to analyze RNAseq gene expression data from bulk breast cancer patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A set of prognostic biomarkers is then derived from selected genes, and subsequently validated via both functional enrichment analysis and comparison to the existing biological literature. Finally, a prognostic risk score index based on the identified biomarkers is proposed and validated by exploring the patients' survival.
description: 43 pages, 5 tables, 40 figures
Supplementary document for Effects of electron transport layer thickness on light extraction in corrugated OLEDs - 5668857.pdf
Creators: name: Lin, BoYen
name: Li, Yi-Ru
name: Chen, Chia-Hsuan
name: Hsu, Hao-Chun
name: Wei, Mao-Kuo
name: Lee, Jiun-Haw
name: Chiu, Tien-Lung
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supporting information
Halysidota pearsoni Watson 1980
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoît
name: Laguerre, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Halysidota
Halysidota pearsoni

description: Halysidota pearsoni Watson, 1980
Halysidota pearsoni Watson, 1980: 32.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Brazil, Santa Catarina, Jaragua do Sul.
TYPE SPECIMEN. — Holotype male (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Vincent, Benoît & Laguerre, Michel, 2014, Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 137-533 in Zoosystema 36 (2) on page 318, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5395344
Quantum effects in the interaction of low-energy electrons with light
Creators: name: Synanidis, Adamantios P.
name: Gonçalves, P. A. D.
name: Ropers, Claus
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between free electrons and nanoscale optical fields has emerged as a unique platform to investigate ultrafast processes in matter and explore fundamental quantum phenomena. In particular, optically modulated electrons are employed in ultrafast electron microscopy as noninvasive probes that push the limits of spatiotemporal and spectral resolution down to the picometer--attosecond--microelectronvolt range. Electron kinetic energies well above the involved photon energies are commonly employed, rendering the electron--light coupling efficiency low and, thus, only providing limited access to the wealth of quantum nonlinear phenomena underlying the dynamical response of nanostructures. Here, we theoretically investigate electron--light interactions when photons and electrons have comparable energies, revealing strong quantum and recoil effects that include a nonvanishing coupling of surface-scattered electrons to plane waves of light, inelastic electron backscattering from localized optical fields, and strong electron--light coupling under grazing electron diffraction by an illuminated crystal surface. Our results open new vistas in electron--light--matter interactions with promising applications in ultrafast electron microscopy.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 77 references
Universal contributions to charge fluctuations in spin chains at finite temperature
Creators: name: Cai, Kang-Le
name: Cheng, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At finite temperature, conserved charges undergo thermal fluctuations in a quantum many-body system in the grand canonical ensemble. The full structure of the fluctuations of the total U(1) charge $Q$ can be succinctly captured by the generating function $G(θ)=\left\langle e^{i θQ}\right\rangle$. For a 1D translation-invariant spin chain, in the thermodynamic limit the magnitude $|G(θ)|$ scales with the system size $L$ as $\ln |G(θ)|=-α(θ)L+γ(θ)$, where $γ(θ)$ is the scale-invariant contribution and may encode universal information about the underlying system. In this work we investigate the behavior and physical meaning of $γ(θ)$ when the system is periodic. We find that $γ(θ)$ only takes nonzero values at isolated points of $θ$, which is $θ=π$ for all our examples. In two exemplary lattice systems we show that $γ(π)$ takes quantized values when the U(1) symmetry exhibits a specific type of 't Hooft anomaly with other symmetries. In other cases, we investigate how $γ(θ)$ depends on microscopic conditions (such as the filling factor) in field theory and exactly solvable lattice models.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, published version
Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy for Probing Changes in Biomolecular Composition of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells in Response to External Stressors
Creators: name: Thomas, Jodian
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2018

description: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a tool that allows for the characterization of molecular changes in biological systems. In this thesis, FTIR Microscopy is used to investigate the innate response of cells, via their biomolecular compositions, to nutrient stress and drug-induced changes.   FTIR was used to study cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Spirulina platensis) and algal (Neochloris minuta and Neochloris alveolaris) cells. A strain of yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica), and prostate cancer cells from the PC3 cell line were also studied.  The chemometric analysis, in particular, principal component analysis (PCA), was used to differentiate different cell types, cells at various stages of growth, and metabolic modifications in cells in response to external stress.
Changes in the cell biomolecular composition indicate biomarkers that indicate how cells respond to changes in their environment.  The cell is in effect a sentinel or biological sensor, which can provide information on drug efficacy, and even on pollutants and other metabolites in the environment in which cells grow, not to mention a variety of pathogenic diseased states of cells.
 FTIR spectra of cells provide information on the composition of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins within the cell.  These biomolecules absorb IR radiation for the most part in distinct spectral regions. C-H, N-H, and O-H stretching vibrations occur in the 3300-2800 cm-1 region.  Proteins absorb around 1650 and 1550 cm-1. While lipids, including phospholipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides display absorption in the 1400-900 cm-1 region.
To test and verify the level of applicability of the FTIR technique we introduce the hypothesis that cyanobacterial cells in various stages of growth can be distinguished based on their FTIR spectrum.  Different cyanobacterial strains at similar growth stages can also be characterized.  IR spectra of prostate cancer cells in the presence of various drugs were also described based on their FTIR spectra.
PartIR: Composing SPMD Partitioning Strategies for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Alabed, Sami
name: Belov, Daniel
name: Chrzaszcz, Bart
name: Franco, Juliana
name: Grewe, Dominik
name: Maclaurin, Dougal
name: Molloy, James
name: Natan, Tom
name: Norman, Tamara
name: Pan, Xiaoyue
name: Paszke, Adam
name: Rink, Norman A.
name: Schaarschmidt, Michael
name: Sitdikov, Timur
name: Swietlik, Agnieszka
name: Vytiniotis, Dimitrios
name: Wee, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training of modern large neural networks (NN) requires a combination of parallelization strategies encompassing data, model, or optimizer sharding. When strategies increase in complexity, it becomes necessary for partitioning tools to be 1) expressive, allowing the composition of simpler strategies, and 2) predictable to estimate performance analytically. We present PartIR, our design for a NN partitioning system. PartIR is focused on an incremental approach to rewriting and is hardware-and-runtime agnostic. We present a simple but powerful API for composing sharding strategies and a simulator to validate them. The process is driven by high-level programmer-issued partitioning tactics, which can be both manual and automatic. Importantly, the tactics are specified separately from the model code, making them easy to change. We evaluate PartIR on several different models to demonstrate its predictability, expressibility, and ability to reach peak performance..
A luminous and young galaxy at z=12.33 revealed by a JWST/MIRI detection of Hα and [OIII]
Creators: name: Zavala, Jorge A.
name: Castellano, Marco
name: Akins, Hollis B.
name: Bakx, Tom J. L. C.
name: Burgarella, Denis
name: Casey, Caitlin M.
name: Ortiz, Óscar A. Chávez
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Mitsuhashi, Ikki
name: Nakajima, Kimihiko
name: Pérez-González, Pablo G.
name: Haro, Pablo Arrabal
name: Bergamini, Pietro
name: Buat, Veronique
name: Backhaus, Bren
name: Calabrò, Antonello
name: Cleri, Nikko J.
name: Fernández-Arenas, David
name: Fontana, Adriano
name: Franco, Maximilien
name: Grillo, Claudio
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Hathi, Nimish
name: Hirschmann, Michaela
name: Ikeda, Ryota
name: Jung, Intae
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Larson, Rebeca L.
name: McKinney, Jed
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Rosati, Piero
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Santini, Paola
name: Terlevich, Roberto
name: Terlevich, Elena
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Yung, L. Y. Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered a surprising population of bright galaxies in the very early universe (<500 Myrs after the Big Bang) that is hard to explain with conventional galaxy formation models and whose physical properties remain to be fully understood. Insight into their internal physics is best captured through nebular lines but, at these early epochs, the brightest of these spectral features are redshifted into the mid-infrared and remain elusive. Using the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument, MIRI, here we present the first detection of Hα and doubly-ionized oxygen ([OIII]5007AA) at z>10. These detections place the bright galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 at z=12.33+/-0.04, making it the most distant astronomical object with direct spectroscopic detection of these lines. These observations provide key insights into the conditions of this primeval, luminous galaxy, which shows hard ionizing conditions rarely seen in the local Universe likely driven by compact and young (~30Myr) burst of star formation. Its oxygen-to-hydrogen abundance is close to a tenth of the solar value, indicating a rapid metal enrichment. This study confirms the unique conditions of this remarkably bright and distant galaxy and the huge potential of mid-IR observations to characterize these objects.
description: Published in Nature Astronomy on 30 October 2024 (this represents the authors' submitted version)
The Assouad dimension of Kakeya sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Wang, Hong
name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies the structure of Kakeya sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that for every Kakeya set $K\subset\mathbb{R}^3$, there exist well-separated scales $0<δ<ρ\leq 1$ so that the $δ$ neighborhood of $K$ is almost as large as the $ρ$ neighborhood of $K$. As a consequence, every Kakeya set in $\mathbb{R}^3$ has Assouad dimension 3 and every Ahlfors-David regular Kakeya set in $\mathbb{R}^3$ has Hausdorff dimension 3. We also show that every Kakeya set in $\mathbb{R}^3$ that has "stably equal" Hausdorff and packing dimension (this is a new notion, which is introduced to avoid certain obvious obstructions) must have Hausdorff dimension 3.
 The above results follow from certain multi-scale structure theorems for arrangements of tubes and rectangular prisms in three dimensions, and a mild generalization of the sticky Kakeya theorem previously proved by the authors.
description: 48 pages, 0 figures. v2: final version, to appear in Invent. Math
Geometry of Mechanics
Creators: name: Muñoz-Lecanda, Miguel C.
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B20, 53B21, 53D05, 53D10, 53D20, 53D22, 53Z05, 58A30, 70A05, 70F20, 70F25, 70G10, 70G45, 70G65, 70G75, 70H03, 70H05, 70H15, 70H20, 70H25, 70H33

description: The aim of this work is to study the geometry underlying mechanics and its application to describe autonomous and nonautonomous conservative dynamical systems of different types; as well as dissipative dynamical systems. We use different geometric descriptions to study the main properties and characteristics of these systems; such as their Lagrangian, Hamiltonian and unified formalisms, their symmetries, the variational principles, and others. The study is done mainly for the regular case, although some comments and explanations about singular systems are also included.
description: 234 pages. These notes are a preliminary and partial version of the contents of the homonymous book
Evaluation of LLM Chatbots for OSINT-based Cyber Threat Awareness
Creators: name: Shafee, Samaneh
name: Bessani, Alysson
name: Ferreira, Pedro M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge sharing about emerging threats is crucial in the rapidly advancing field of cybersecurity and forms the foundation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI). In this context, Large Language Models are becoming increasingly significant in the field of cybersecurity, presenting a wide range of opportunities. This study surveys the performance of ChatGPT, GPT4all, Dolly, Stanford Alpaca, Alpaca-LoRA, Falcon, and Vicuna chatbots in binary classification and Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks performed using Open Source INTelligence (OSINT). We utilize well-established data collected in previous research from Twitter to assess the competitiveness of these chatbots when compared to specialized models trained for those tasks. In binary classification experiments, Chatbot GPT-4 as a commercial model achieved an acceptable F1 score of 0.94, and the open-source GPT4all model achieved an F1 score of 0.90. However, concerning cybersecurity entity recognition, all evaluated chatbots have limitations and are less effective. This study demonstrates the capability of chatbots for OSINT binary classification and shows that they require further improvement in NER to effectively replace specially trained models. Our results shed light on the limitations of the LLM chatbots when compared to specialized models, and can help researchers improve chatbots technology with the objective to reduce the required effort to integrate machine learning in OSINT-based CTI tools.
Incoherent Probability Judgments in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Qiao
name: Griffiths, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for next-word prediction have demonstrated remarkable proficiency at producing coherent text. But are they equally adept at forming coherent probability judgments? We use probabilistic identities and repeated judgments to assess the coherence of probability judgments made by LLMs. Our results show that the judgments produced by these models are often incoherent, displaying human-like systematic deviations from the rules of probability theory. Moreover, when prompted to judge the same event, the mean-variance relationship of probability judgments produced by LLMs shows an inverted-U-shaped like that seen in humans. We propose that these deviations from rationality can be explained by linking autoregressive LLMs to implicit Bayesian inference and drawing parallels with the Bayesian Sampler model of human probability judgments.
Foreign Currency Assets Hedge Model
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Foreign Currency Assets Hedge Model

description: The foreign currency assets hedge model is employed to conduct the hedge effectiveness test for the foreign currency denominated floating rate LIBOR assets using CAD funding. The hedging derivative is a cross currency interest rate swap. The hedging is designated as the Cash Flow Hedging in which both interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk are hedged.
description: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/3pzyv/download
Decoupled few-femtosecond phase transitions in vanadium dioxide
Creators: name: Brahms, Christian
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Shen, Xiao
name: Bhattacharya, Utso
name: Recasens, Maria
name: Osmond, Johann
name: Grass, Tobias
name: Chhajlany, Ravindra W.
name: Hallman, Kent A.
name: Haglund, Richard F.
name: Pantelides, Sokrates T.
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Travers, John C.
name: Johnson, Allan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the longest-standing problems in condensed-matter physics. Ultrafast spectroscopy has long promised to determine whether the transition is primarily driven by the electronic or structural degree of freedom, but measurements to date have been stymied by their sensitivity to only one of these components and/or their limited temporal resolution. Here we use ultra-broadband few-femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to resolve the electronic and structural phase transitions in VO2 at their fundamental time scales. We find that the system transforms into a bad-metallic phase within 10 fs after photoexcitation, but requires another 100 fs to complete the transition, during which we observe electronic oscillations and a partial re-opening of the bandgap, signalling a transient semi-metallic state. Comparisons with tensor-network simulations and density-functional theory calculations show these features originate from oscillations around the equilibrium high-symmetry atomic positions during an unprecedentedly fast structural transition, in which the vanadium dimers separate and untwist with two different timescales. Our results resolve the complete structural and electronic nature of the light-induced phase transition in VO2 and establish ultra-broadband few-femtosecond spectroscopy as a powerful new tool for studying quantum materials out of equilibrium.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Halysidota steinbachi
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoît
name: Laguerre, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Halysidota
Halysidota steinbachi

description: Halysidota steinbachi (Rothschild, 1909)
Halisidota steinbachi Rothschild, 1909b: 283.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Argentina, Tucumán.
TYPE SPECIMEN. — Lectotype male designated by Watson (1980: 33) (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Vincent, Benoît & Laguerre, Michel, 2014, Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 137-533 in Zoosystema 36 (2) on page 318, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5395344
Supplementary document for Effects of electron transport layer thickness on light extraction in corrugated OLEDs - 5668857.pdf
Creators: name: Lin, BoYen
name: Li, Yi-Ru
name: Chen, Chia-Hsuan
name: Hsu, Hao-Chun
name: Wei, Mao-Kuo
name: Lee, Jiun-Haw
name: Chiu, Tien-Lung
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supporting information
REMARKS ON MODEL COMPUTATIONS OF THE CORRELATION ENERGY OF THE GROUND STATE OF HELIUM from Confined helium, density dependence of the inelastic electron and photon scattering cross sections and the optical oscillator strength
Creators: name: Pyper, N. C.
name: Whelan, Colm T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The electron and photon excitation of confined and compressed atoms is discussed. It is shown that the optical oscillator strength, the inelastic X-ray and electron impact cross sections are all density-dependent. Ab-initio electronic structure calculations are presented for the 1s2 rightarrow 1s 2p(1P) transition in helium, which predict that the amplitudes for the inelastic scattering of electrons, optical absorption and the excitation energy are all significantly increased in bulk condensed phases of pure helium compared to those of an isolated atom. The enhancements increase with atomic density but are very similar for bcc and fcc structured bulk phases of the same density. These enhancements need to be incorporated into the analysis of scanning transmission electron microscope studies of helium nano bubbles embedded in different materials. The excitation energy and cross-section enhancements with increasing density arise from the contraction of the 2p orbital on entering a condensed phase. For the bulk phases, but not the bubbles, the close agreement between the experimental and computed values of the energy shifts can be well described by a simple relationship.