cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MathTools: An Open API for Convenient MathML Handling
Creators: name: Greiner-Petter, André
name: Schubotz, Moritz
name: Cohl, Howard S.
name: Gipp, Bela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mathematical formulae carry complex and essential semantic information in a variety of formats. Accessing this information with different systems requires a standardized machine-readable format that is capable of encoding presentational and semantic information. Even though MathML is an official recommendation by W3C and an ISO standard for representing mathematical expressions, we could identify only very few systems which use the full descriptiveness of MathML. MathML's high complexity results in a steep learning curve for novice users. We hypothesize that this complexity is the reason why many community-driven projects refrain from using MathML, and instead develop problem-specific data formats for their purposes. We provide a user-friendly, open-source application programming interface for controlling MathML data. Our API is written in JAVA and allows to create, manipulate, and efficiently access commonly needed information in presentation and content MathML. Our interface also provides tools for calculating differences and similarities between MathML expressions. The API also allows to determine the distance between expressions using different similarity measures. In addition, we provide adapters for numerous conversion tools and the canonicalization project. Our toolkit facilitates processing of mathematics for digital libraries, without the need to obtain XML expertise.
description: Published in Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM) 2018
Understanding Quaternions from Modern Algebra and Theoretical Physics
Creators: name: Furui, Sadataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quaternions were appeared through Lagrangian formulation of mechanics in Symplectic vector space. Its general form was obtained from the Clifford algebra, and Frobenius' theorem, which says that "the only finite-dimensional real division algebra are the real field ${\bf R}$, the complex field ${\bf C}$ and the algebra ${\bf H}$ of quaternions" was derived. They appear also through Hamilton formulation of mechanics, as elements of rotation groups in the symplectic vector spaces. Quaternions were used in the solution of 4-dimensional Dirac equation in QED, and also in solutions of Yang-Mills equation in QCD as elements of noncommutative geometry. We present how quaternions are formulated in Clifford Algebra, how it is used in explaining rotation group in symplectic vector space and parallel transformation in holonomic dynamics. When a dynamical system has hysteresis, pre-symplectic manifolds and nonholonomic dynamics appear. Quaternions represent rotation of 3-dimensional sphere ${\bf S}^3$. Artin's generalized quaternions and Rohlin-Pontryagin's embedding of quaternions on 4-dimensional manifolds, and Kodaira's embedding of quaternions on ${\bf S}^1\times {\bf S}^3$ manifolds are also discussed.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures
Space-filling models of the nitrogen tetroxide molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The chemical relaxation of nitrogen tetroxide is easy to visualize, and it illustrates principles common to all relaxation phenomena. Nitrogen tetroxide, also called dinitrogen tetroxide, actually is a dimer (a molecule formed from two similar constituents called monomers) that dissociates into two molecules of nitrogen dioxide. The monomer and dimer are easily distinguishable: the former is a brown gas; the latter is a colourless gas. The product and reactants exist in equilibrium. At ambient (room) temperature and atmospheric pressure, approximately 80 percent of the molecules in the mixture are dimers, and the remaining molecules are monomers. The distribution of molecules between the two forms remains unchanged as long as the temperature and pressure are held constant. But when the system is disturbed by a sudden change in temperature or pressure, the gases eventually reach new equilibrium concentrations to suit the new conditions. If the external conditions are altered, then the ratio of monomers to dimers will adjust to a new value. The dependence of the equilibrium on pressure is intuitively understandable as follows: to a good approximation, the volume that a gas occupies at a given pressure and temperature depends directly on the number of gas molecules. The dissociation of one molecule of nitrogen tetroxide into two molecules of nitrogen dioxide entails an expansion of the gas, a doubling of molecules, which is opposed by the external pressure. If the external pressure is increased, the system acts to relieve the stress by reducing its volume, namely by combining monomers to form dimers and thus reducing the number of molecules. The equilibrium shifts in favour of dimers under increased pressure and in favour of monomers under reduced pressure. At any steady pressure, the ratio of the two forms eventually becomes constant. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Investigation of bio-based polyamide with short fibers for lightweight structures
Creators: name: Rinberg, Roman
name: Hartmann, Tobias
name: Nikiforov, Anton
name: Doynikov, Anton
name: Volfson, Svetoslav
name: Kroll, Lothar
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: In the automotive industry, petrochemical plastics are widespread because glass and carbon fiber-reinforced composites consist exclusively of petroleum-based matrix materials. So far, bio-based plastics couldn’t meet the requirement profile due to their high prices, their inappropriate features and the ineligible quality assurance of their synthesis. But the development of new bio-based polyamides opens the opportunity to replace petroleum-based plastics and may initiate the use of bio-based plastic matrices for fiber-reinforced composites for automotive applications.

In this study, short fiber-reinforced polyamide 10.10 composites were investigated. Short carbon and glass fibers were used in varying compositions along with different modifiers to optimize the resulting characteristics. Fiber breakage during twin screw extrusion processing was researched and affected by the use of lubricants. The effect of using lubricants was noticed after extrusion. The addition of lubricants caused negative effects on mechanical properties at concentrations higher than 0.5 % wt. Further influences on fiber matrix interactions were investigated by varying the parameters of injection molding and positive effects on tensile properties were recognized. Strengthening effects on resulting composites are discussed in terms of lightweight structure and cost-efficiency.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Dark energy perturbations and cosmic coincidence
Creators: name: Grande, Javier
name: Pelinson, Ana
name: Sola, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While there is plentiful evidence in all fronts of experimental cosmology for the existence of a non-vanishing dark energy (DE) density ρ_D in the Universe, we are still far away from having a fundamental understanding of its ultimate nature and of its current value, not even of the puzzling fact that ρ_D is so close to the matter energy density ρ_M at the present time (i.e. the so-called "cosmic coincidence" problem). The resolution of some of these cosmic conundrums suggests that the DE must have some (mild) dynamical behavior at the present time. In this paper, we examine some general properties of the simultaneous set of matter and DE perturbations (δρ_M, δρ_D) for a multicomponent DE fluid. Next we put these properties to the test within the context of a non-trivial model of dynamical DE (the LXCDM model) which has been previously studied in the literature. By requiring that the coupled system of perturbation equations for δρ_M and δρ_D has a smooth solution throughout the entire cosmological evolution, that the matter power spectrum is consistent with the data on structure formation and that the "coincidence ratio" r=ρ_D/ρ_M stays bounded and not unnaturally high, we are able to determine a well-defined region of the parameter space where the model can solve the cosmic coincidence problem in full compatibility with all known cosmological data.
description: Typos corrected
Web-Scale Generic Object Detection at Microsoft Bing
Creators: name: Chen, Stephen Xi
name: Mukherjee, Saurajit
name: Phadke, Unmesh
name: Wang, Tingting
name: Park, Junwon
name: Yada, Ravi Theja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present Generic Object Detection (GenOD), one of the largest object detection systems deployed to a web-scale general visual search engine that can detect over 900 categories for all Microsoft Bing Visual Search queries in near real-time. It acts as a fundamental visual query understanding service that provides object-centric information and shows gains in multiple production scenarios, improving upon domain-specific models. We discuss the challenges of collecting data, training, deploying and updating such a large-scale object detection model with multiple dependencies. We discuss a data collection pipeline that reduces per-bounding box labeling cost by 81.5% and latency by 61.2% while improving on annotation quality. We show that GenOD can improve weighted average precision by over 20% compared to multiple domain-specific models. We also improve the model update agility by nearly 2 times with the proposed disjoint detector training compared to joint fine-tuning. Finally we demonstrate how GenOD benefits visual search applications by significantly improving object-level search relevance by 54.9% and user engagement by 59.9%.
description: In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD) 2021, Virtual Event, Singapore
title: Pontus in Antiquity: aspects of identity
Creators: name: Stefanidou, Vera
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The purpose of this thesis is the presentation of the interaction between the successive inhabitants of Pontus in antiquity, indigenous Anatolians, Greeks, Persians and Romans. Limited archaeological evidence cannot determine the precise extent of interaction, although the available information substantiates the notion of a slow, but steady amalgamation. Initially, the intermingling was based on mutual trading links. Although the Hellenic cultural element tended to surface, Eastern factors remained visible. The Mithridatic dynasty was established around the vicinity of Pontus, creating the 'Kingdom of Pontus' which reached its height under Mithridates VI. His administrative and military policy appears to have placed the foundations for the later, Roman corresponding structures. His policies-propaganda reflected the GraecoEastern image of a king, which appealed to the Greek and Persian-Eastern inhabitants of his kingdom, Asia Minor and, to a lesser extent, mainland Greece. This GraecoEastern image might have nourished the concept of a shared history among the inhabitants of Pontus. Their interactions appear to have given rise to an unnamed, local culture, which was enriched with the relevant Roman practices. Around the third century A.D., the Roman administrative patterns might have established an externally defined appellation. During Roman times, Christianity started to be established in Pontus. Although it was not yet a socio-political factor, its non-racial nature prevailed in later centuries. The influence of the Roman-Christian elements can still be observed in the modern Ponti an identity. In antiquity, (lack of) evidence indicates that no group defined themselves as 'Pontics' or 'Pontians' and an internally defined Pontic identity is unlikely to have existed. However, people associated themselves with the geographical area of Pont us, cultural and religious concepts were frequently amalgamated, while the notion of a common descent and a shared history might have been unconsciously fostered. These factors can assist in the understanding of the 'Pontians' today.
Control of fruit postharvest diseases by thermotherapy:
understanding the mechanisms of action by –omics approaches
Creators: name: Spadoni, Alice <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: AGR/12 Patologia vegetale

description: In recent years the hot water treatment (HW) represents an effective and safe approach for managing postharvest decay. This study reported the effect of an HW (60°C for 60 s and 45°C for 10 min) on brown rot and blue mould respectively. Peaches was found more thermotolerant compared to apple fruit, otherwise Penicillium expansum was more resistant to heat with respect to Monilinia spp. In semi-commercial and commercial trials, the inhibition of brown rot in naturally infected peaches was higher than 78% after 6 days at 0°C and 3 days at 20°C. Moreover, in laboratory trials a 100% disease incidence reduction was obtained by treating artificially infected peaches at 6-12 h after inoculation revealing a curative effect of HW. The expression levels of some genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Specifically, the cell wall genes (β-GAL, PL, PG, PME) showed a general decrease of expression level whereas PAL, CHI, HSP70 and ROS-scavenging genes were induced in treated peaches compared to the control ones. Contrarily, HW applied on artificially infected fruit before the inoculum was found to increase brown rot susceptibility. This aspect might be due to an increase of fruit VOCs emission as revealed by PTR-ToF-MS analysis. In addition a microarray experiment was conducted to analyze molecular mechanisms underneath the apple response to heat. Our results showed a largest amount of induced Heat shock proteins (HSPs), Heat shock cognate proteins (HSCs), Heat shock transcription factors (HSTFs) genes found at 1 and 4 hours from the treatment. Those genes required for the thermotolerance process could be involved in induced resistance response. The hypothesis was confirmed by 30% of blue mold disease reduction in artificially inoculated apple after 1 and 4 hours from the treatment. In order to improve peaches quality and disease management during storage, an innovative tool was also used: Da-meter.
Realisation of Sensitive Functionality by the Integration of Electromagnetic Resonators in Composite Materials
Creators: name: Großmann, Toni Dirk
name: Hartwig, Melinda
name: Heinrich, Michael
name: Decker, Ricardo
name: Symmank, Christina
name: Schmidt, Anja
name: Kurth, Steffen
name: Götze, Uwe
name: Baumann, Reinhard R.
name: Kroll, Lothar
name: Otto, Thomas
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: Lightweight structures are gaining importance due to the relevance of saving energy in mobile applications. External stress caused by impacts, deformations or compression injures the composite materials mostly by invisible internal distortions and leads to the degradation of their properties. Thus, an early detection of material damage is significant in applications with a very high level of required reliability. Structural health monitoring (SHM) on demand using functionalised materials can be a solution [1, 2]. The integration of electromagnetic resonators in glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) allows the fabrication of materials with passive sensor function used for SHM of composite materials. Conductive patterns with a specific geometry, dimension and alignment show an electromagnetic resonance that can be changed by the arrangement of the resonators or by the surrounded material. Printing technology is an efficient fabrication method regarding resources, time consumption and costs. The additive and selective deposition of conductive ink on flexible substrates shows a great potential to be processed roll-to-roll and subsequently integrated into lightweight structures [3]. The read-out takes place wirelessly by analysing the reflection response of the functionalised structure. The paper considers the modelling, numerical analysis, fabrication and evaluation of a smart structure and its sensor function. Furthermore, in order to create a basis for a successful market introduction and penetration of such innovative smart structures, a concept for an integrated life cycle-related engineering and business modelling [4] is outlined in this paper.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Two Goncourt women and frustration
Creators: name: Marles-Osberg, Brenda L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis was commenced with the idea of studying woman as she is portrayed by Edmond and Jules de Goncourt in the mid-nineteenth century. The two novels under discussion, "Germinie Lacerteux" and "Renée Mauperin", were chosen to provide examples of two very different kinds of woman: one, a servant girl from a provincial background, and the other, a younger girl from the bourgeoisie. This study is divided into three sections: such an arrangement is in keeping with the way the Goncourt Brothers saw the development of their characters. The first section presents a study of woman in the nineteenth century; more particularly, it is a study of Renee and Germinie in relationship to their environments. The second part is a study of the frustration which motivated them both and played a large part in the development of their character. The final portion is a study of death, which is seen as their ultimate frustration and which nonetheless provided them with insight into the reasons for their ultimate acceptance of their fate. In addition to these studies, an analysis of the role of Naturalism with respect to the works of the Goncourt Brothers is included. It is hoped that some light is thus shed upon the female character itself, and that this will lead to a greater understanding of the Goncourt Brothers as painters of realistic portraits of people of the nineteenth century.
Smart Process Combination for Aluminum/Plastic Hybrid Components
Creators: name: Albert, André
name: Zorn, Wolfgang
name: Layer, Markus
name: Drossel, Welf-Guntram
name: Landgrebe, Dirk
name: Kroll, Lothar
name: Nendel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: The research on lightweight construction increasingly gains in importance, especially for the automotive industry. New lightweight components ensure the necessary stability of car body parts on the one hand. On the other hand they are supposed to allow a low priced production. Hence, aluminum or magnesium alloys have quite a large share in production engineering. During the last years, research mainly addressed metal/plastic compounds. Weight reduction as well as the capability of producing complex structures are only some of the benefits of this technology. Furthermore, additional functionality can be integrated or functional tasks can be distributed: The metal ensures stiffness and realizes the technical connection to the car body by means of welding, while the plastic enables the insertion of special elements for the joining or assembly process. This paper presents two approaches of realizing a combined process to produce aluminum/plastic-hybrid structures. In a first approach, an active tool is presented to realize the sheet based process. The second approach focusses on the tube-based process and presents the topical state of research within the Federal Cluster of Excellence EXC 1075 “Merge Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures”.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Strong coupling regime and hybrid quasinormal modes of a single plasmonic resonator coupled to a TMDC monolayer
Creators: name: Carlson, Chelsea
name: Salzwedel, Robert
name: Selig, Malte
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Hughes, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous photonic mode model to describe the strong coupling between a monolayer of $\rm MoSe_2$ and a single gold nanoparticle. The onset of strong coupling is quantified by computing the three-dimensional hybrid quasinormal modes of the combined structure, allowing one to accurately model light-matter interactions without invoking the usual phenomenological theories of strong coupling. We explore the hybrid quasinormal modes as a function of gap size and temperature and find spectral splittings in the range of around 80-110 meV, with no fitting parameters for the material models. We also show how the hybrid modes exhibit Fano-like resonances and quantify the complex poles of the hybrid modes as well as the Purcell factor resonances from embedded dipole emitters. These effects cannot be described with the usual heuristic normal mode theories.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Entanglement entropy in gauge theories and the holographic principle for electric strings
Creators: name: Buividovich, P. V.
name: Polikarpov, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum entanglement between gauge fields in some region of space A and its complement B. It is argued that the Hilbert space of physical states of gauge theories cannot be decomposed into a direct product of Hilbert spaces of states localized in A and B. The reason is that elementary excitations in gauge theories - electric strings - are associated with closed loops rather than points in space, and there are closed loops which belong both to A and B. Direct product structure and hence the reduction procedure with respect to the fields in B can only be defined if the Hilbert space of physical states is extended by including the states of electric strings which can open on the boundary of A. The positions of string endpoints on this boundary are the additional degrees of freedom which also contribute to the entanglement entropy. We explicitly demonstrate this for the three-dimensional Z2 lattice gauge theory both numerically and using a simple trial ground state wave function. The entanglement entropy appears to be saturated almost completely by the entropy of string endpoints, thus reminding of a ``holographic principle'' in quantum gravity and AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 6 pages RevTeX, 5 figures
Sersiclets - A Matched Filter Extension of Shapelets for Weak Lensing Studies
Creators: name: Ngan, Wai-Hin Wayne
name: Van Waerbeke, Ludovic
name: Mahdavi, Andisheh
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hoekstra, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precision study of dark matter using weak lensing by large scale structure is strongly constrained by the accuracy with which one can measure galaxy shapes. Several methods have been devised but none have demonstrated the ability to reach the level of precision required by future weak lensing surveys. In this Letter we explore new avenues to the existing Shapelets approach, combining a priori knowledge of the galaxy profile with the power of orthogonal basis function decomposition. This Letter discusses the new issues raised by this matched filter approach and proposes promising alternatives to shape measurement techniques. In particular it appears that the use of a matched filter (e.g. Sersic profile) restricted to elliptical radial fitting functions resolves several well known Shapelet issues.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. MNRAS Accepted
1321+045: a Compact Steep Spectrum radio source in a cool-core galaxy cluster
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Ewan
name: Kunert-Bajraszewska, Magdalena
name: Siemiginowska, Aneta
name: Burke, D. J.
name: Combes, Francoise
name: Salome, Philippe
name: Giacintucci, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cluster-central gigahertz peak and compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources offer an opportunity to study the earliest phases of AGN feedback, but few have yet been examined in detail. We present results from radio and X-ray observations of 1321+045, a CSS source in a 4.4 keV cluster at z=0.263. The cluster has a strongly cooling core, and disturbances from a minor cluster merger may have triggered a period of jet activity which formed the 16 kpc radio lobes 2.0 [+0.3,-0.2] Myr ago. However, new VLBA imaging shows a ~20 pc jet on a different projected axis, which is probably only a few hundred years old. We consider possible histories for the system, with either one or two periods of jet activity. While this single system is informative, a broader study of the youngest cluster-central radio sources is desirable.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publication on Astronomische Nachrichten, as part of the proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Compact Steep-Spectrum and GHz-Peaked Spectrum radio sources
Well Ordered Covers, Simplicial Bouquets, and Subadditivity of Betti Numbers of Square-Free Monomial Ideals
Creators: name: Faridi, Sara
name: Shahada, Mayada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 05E40

description: Well ordered covers of square-free monomial ideals are subsets of the minimal generating set ordered in a certain way that give rise to a Lyubeznik resolution for the ideal, and have guaranteed nonvanishing Betti numbers in certain degrees. This paper is about square-free monomial ideals which have a well ordered cover. We consider the question of subadditivity of syzygies of square-free monomial ideals via complements in the lcm lattice of the ideal, and examine how lattice complementation breaks well ordered covers of the ideal into (well ordered) covers of subideals. We also introduce a family of well ordered covers called strongly disjoint sets of simplicial bouquets (generalizing work of Kimura on graphs), which are relatively easy to identify in simplicial complexes. We examine the subadditivity property via numerical characteristics of these bouquets.
description: to appear
Type Ia Supernova Models: Asymmetric Remnants and Supernova Remnant G1.9+0.3
Creators: name: Stone, Alice G.
name: Johnson, Heather T.
name: Blondin, John M.
name: Watson, Richard A.
name: Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
name: Frohlich, Carla
name: Seitenzahl, Ivo R.
name: Reynolds, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The youngest Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3, probably the result of a Type Ia supernova, shows surprising anomalies in the distribution of its ejecta in space and velocity. In particular, high-velocity shocked iron is seen in several locations far from the remnant center, in some cases beyond prominent silicon and sulfur emission. These asymmetries strongly suggest a highly asymmetric explosion. We present high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations in two and three dimensions of the evolution from ages of 100 seconds to hundreds of years of two asymmetric Type Ia models, expanding into a uniform medium. At the age of G1.9+0.3 (about 100 years), our 2D model shows almost no iron shocked to become visible in X-rays. Only in a much higher-density environment could significant iron be shocked, at which time the model's expansion speed is completely inconsistent with the observations of G1.9+0.3. Our 3D model, evolving the most asymmetric of a suite of Type Ia SN models from Seitenzahl et al.~(2013), shows some features resembling G1.9+0.3. We characterize its evolution with images of composition in three classes: C and O, intermediate-mass elements (IMEs), and iron-group elements (IGEs). From ages of 13 to 1800 years, we follow the evolution of the highly asymmetric initial remnant as the explosion asymmetries decrease in relative strength to be replaced by asymmetries due to evolutionary hydrodynamic instabilities. At an age of about 100 years, our 3D model has comparable shocked masses of C+O, IMEs, and IGEs, with about 0.03 $M_\odot$ each. Evolutionary changes appear to be rapid enough that continued monitoring with the Chandra X-ray Observatory may show significant variations.
description: 30 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Animations will be available in online published version
Iterative Empirical Game Solving via Single Policy Best Response
Creators: name: Smith, Max Olan
name: Anthony, Thomas
name: Wellman, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Policy-Space Response Oracles (PSRO) is a general algorithmic framework for learning policies in multiagent systems by interleaving empirical game analysis with deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL). At each iteration, Deep RL is invoked to train a best response to a mixture of opponent policies. The repeated application of Deep RL poses an expensive computational burden as we look to apply this algorithm to more complex domains. We introduce two variations of PSRO designed to reduce the amount of simulation required during Deep RL training. Both algorithms modify how PSRO adds new policies to the empirical game, based on learned responses to a single opponent policy. The first, Mixed-Oracles, transfers knowledge from previous iterations of Deep RL, requiring training only against the opponent's newest policy. The second, Mixed-Opponents, constructs a pure-strategy opponent by mixing existing strategy's action-value estimates, instead of their policies. Learning against a single policy mitigates variance in state outcomes that is induced by an unobserved distribution of opponents. We empirically demonstrate that these algorithms substantially reduce the amount of simulation during training required by PSRO, while producing equivalent or better solutions to the game.
Synteny paths results
Creators: name: Polevikov, Evgeny
name: Kolmogorov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The archive contains the results of an analysis of assembly graphs built by Flye and Canu assemblers. It includes:

	Comparison of 21 NCTC bacterial assemblies;
	Comparison of 15 assemblies of different Drosophila species with the D.melanogaster reference.
	Pairwise comparison of 15 assemblies of different Drosophila species.

The archive also contains a collection of scripts that can be used to obtain summary statistics for the results.
title: The Power of Vernacular Sarcastic Poetry along with Folklore Music in the Socio-political Context: The Case of Negm Poetry and Negm-Imam Songs in Post-1967 Egypt
Creators: name: Al Safadi, Nour
Publisher: name: Universität der Künste Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 7 Künste und Unterhaltung

description: Language is the essential medium of human communication, and it takes various
forms, from music to computer code, each of which is suited to specific purposes.
This paper explores the realm of vernacular language, infused with sarcasm, within
the contexts of poetry and folk music. Specifically, we explore its transformative role
within the socio-political landscape of post-1967 Egypt, shedding light on its
dynamic impact on the political and social structure of the time.

Our research places particular emphasis on the works of Ahmad Fouad Negm and
his collaborative partnership with Sheikh Imam. Through their unique lens, this
paper explores the profound significance of vernacular poetry as a powerful tool for
articulating the everyday struggles and sentiments of the underprivileged class.
Their compositions served as a means of resistance to Egypt's ruling class and
provided a powerful voice for those marginalized within society. This study
highlights the enduring importance of vernacular sarcastic poetry in addressing
socio-political issues and advocating for the underprivileged in post-1967 Egypt's
socio-political landscape.
Chow motives without projectivity
Creators: name: Wildeshaus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F42 (Primary); 14F20, 14F25, 14F30, 14G35, 18E30, 19E15 (Secondary)

description: In paper 0704.4003, Bondarko recently defined the notion of weight structure, and proved that the category $\DgM$ of geometrical motives over a perfect field k, as defined and studied by Voevodsky, Suslin and Friedlander, is canonically equipped with such a structure. Building on this result, and under a condition on the weights avoided by the boundary motive, we describe a method to construct intrinsically in $\DgM$ a motivic version of interior cohomology of smooth, but possibly non-projective schemes. In a sequel to this work, this method will be applied to Shimura varieties.
description: 38 pages; accepted for publication in Comp. Math
Tailored Fiber Placement in Thermoplastic Composites
Creators: name: Spickenheuer, Axel
name: Scheffler, Christina
name: Bittrich, Lars
name: Haase, Rico
name: Weise, Dieter
name: Garray, Didier
name: Heinrich, Gert
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: Fiber path optimization methods combined with the Tailor Fiber Placement (TFP) technology provide the optimum correlation between load case and fiber orientation and therefore lead to unmatched component performance with endless fiber composite materials. The aim of this work is the development of an innovative manufacturing technology for thermoplastic composites (TPC) including sizing-adapted commingled glass fiber (GF) / thermoplastic yarns (SpinCom yarns) to be processed by TFP to textile preforms with a variable-axial, load adapted fiber design. Furthermore, these preforms will be consolidated in a low energy and resource consuming process using novel light and low cost forming tools produced by incremental sheet metal forming technology. Finally, a low cost solution for thermal processing even for complex shaped TPC parts will be presented. Heading towards optimized resource and cost efficiency of the whole process chain, first results of SpinCom yarns, fiber path optimization, tool manufacturing and forming procedure are presented and demonstrated using GF/PBT (polybutylene therephthalate) SpinCom yarns and the geometry of a bicycle saddle.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz
Skull Flexure from Blast Waves: A Mechanism for Brain Injury with Implications for Helmet Design
Creators: name: Moss, William C.
name: King, Michael J.
name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traumatic brain injury [TBI] has become a signature injury of current military conflicts, with debilitating, costly, and long-lasting effects. Although mechanisms by which head impacts cause TBI have been well-researched, the mechanisms by which blasts cause TBI are not understood. From numerical hydrodynamic simulations, we have discovered that non-lethal blasts can induce sufficient skull flexure to generate potentially damaging loads in the brain, even without a head impact. The possibility that this mechanism may contribute to TBI has implications for injury diagnosis and armor design.
description: version in press, Physical Review Letters; 17 pages, 5 figures (includes supplementary material)
MPEC 2024-S190 : 2024 SZ5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 SZ5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Oxygen out-diffusion in REBCO coated conductor due to heating
Creators: name: Lu, Jun
name: Xin, Yan
name: Jarvis, Brent
name: Bai, Hongyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductor has emerged as one of the high Tc superconductors suitable for future ultrahigh field superconducting magnet applications. In the design and fabrication of such ultrahigh field REBCO magnets, it is essential to understand the behavior of REBCO coated conductor. The effect of heating on the properties of commercial REBCO coated conductors is very important for many practical reasons. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study on this effect have not yet been presented in the published literature. This work studies a commercial REBCO coated conductor heat-treated at temperatures between 175 °C and 300 °C for various durations. Critical current and lap joint resistivity were measured at 77 K and 4.2 K for the heat-treated samples. We found that critical current degrades with heat treatment time and temperature. This degradation can be described by a one-dimensional oxygen out-diffusion model with a diffusion coefficient of D = 2.5 x 10-6 exp (-1.17 eV/kT) m2/s. The heat treatment also causes appreciable increase in joint resistivity. Comprehensive structural and chemical analyses were performed on Cu/Ag/RECBO interfaces by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) study provided direct evidence of oxygen deficiency in the heat treated REBCO samples. In addition, it is found that the oxygen diffused out of the REBCO layer forms mostly Cu2O at both Ag/REBCO and Cu/Ag interfaces. Cu2O is also observed at grain boundaries of the Ag layer. The oxygen out-diffusion model proposed in this work is used to predict REBCO thermal degradation in several engineering scenarios.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures
A proposed earth science curriculum for grades 8 and 10 in British Columbia high schools
Creators: name: Borthwick, Alistair John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: During the past two decades, evidence has been mounting in favour of the theory of plate tectonics. At the present time, the earth science sections of the junior secondary school science curriculum prescribed by the British Columbia Ministry of Education are deficient in information relating to this theory. The present curriculum is also deficient in examples and explanations of the earth sciences as they relate specifically to British Columbia. This thesis attempts to rectify a need perceived by the author, the B.C. Ministry of Education, and Prentice-Hall of Canada Ltd. for a new earth science program, by proposing a revised curriculum incorporating plate tectonic theory, and based firmly upon B.C. regional phenomena. The revision is designed in such a way that it may be put to immediate use by a practising classroom teacher. With the aid of the supplementary Teachers' Guide, even an inexperienced teacher with minimal knowledge of earth science would probably be able to implement the proposed curriculum successfully. The proposed curriculum is divided into two parts. The first of these, intended for students in Grade 8, covers the gradational aspects of geology. The second part, suitable for grade 10 students, covers diastrophism, volcanism, plate tectonics, and earth history. Brief excursions are made into mapping, rock and mineral identification, and paleontology. In both parts, the teaching method used is that of "guided discovery", involving a mixture of student laboratory exercises and demonstrations, supplemented by informational narratives. The proposed curriculum contains a number of elements unique to the teaching of earth science,. These range from the application of new strategies to the teaching of well known topics, to the inclusion of material not found in any presently existing earth science curriculum. In the latter case, much of this material has been so recently discovered that it has not yet found its way into junior secondary curricula, or is of such strong B.C. regional interest so as to preclude its inclusion in curricula intended for Canadian national or North American continental usage. Early drafts of the proposed curriculum were classroom tested by a number of practising teachers in several junior secondary schools over a period of two years. The results of this extensive testing were incorporated into the present form of the proposed curriculum. In conclusion, it appears that this proposed earth science curriculum is suitable for students in grades 8 and 10 of the British Columbia school system.
Detection of Dynamical Instability in Titan's Thermospheric Jet
Creators: name: Cordiner, M. A.
name: Garcia-Berrios, E.
name: Cosentino, R. G.
name: Teanby, N. A.
name: Newman, C. E.
name: Nixon, C. A.
name: Thelen, A. E.
name: Charnley, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Similar to Earth, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, possesses a system of high-altitude zonal winds (or jets) that encircle the globe. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2016, Lellouch et al. (2019) discovered an equatorial jet at much higher altitudes than previously known, with a surprisingly fast speed of up to ~340 m/s, but the origin of such high velocities is not yet understood. We obtained spectrally and spatially resolved ALMA observations in May 2017 to map Titan's 3D global wind field and compare our results with a reanalysis of the August 2016 data. Doppler wind velocity maps were derived in the altitude range ~300-1000 km (from the upper stratosphere to the thermosphere). At the highest, thermospheric altitudes, a 47% reduction in the equatorial zonal wind speed was measured over the 9-month period (corresponding to L_s = 82-90 degrees on Titan). This is interpreted as due to a dramatic slowing and loss of confinement (broadening) of the recently-discovered thermospheric equatorial jet, as a result of dynamical instability. These unexpectedly-rapid changes in the upper-atmospheric dynamics are consistent with strong variability of the jet's primary driving mechanism.
Astrophysical implications of hypothetical stable TeV-scale black holes
Creators: name: Giddings, Steven B.
name: Mangano, Michelangelo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze macroscopic effects of TeV-scale black holes, such as could possibly be produced at the LHC, in what is regarded as an extremely hypothetical scenario in which they are stable and, if trapped inside Earth, begin to accrete matter. We examine a wide variety of TeV-scale gravity scenarios, basing the resulting accretion models on first-principles, basic, and well-tested physical laws. These scenarios fall into two classes, depending on whether accretion could have any macroscopic effect on the Earth at times shorter than the Sun's natural lifetime. We argue that cases with such effect at shorter times than the solar lifetime are ruled out, since in these scenarios black holes produced by cosmic rays impinging on much denser white dwarfs and neutron stars would then catalyze their decay on timescales incompatible with their known lifetimes. We also comment on relevant lifetimes for astronomical objects that capture primordial black holes. In short, this study finds no basis for concerns that TeV-scale black holes from the LHC could pose a risk to Earth on time scales shorter than the Earth's natural lifetime. Indeed, conservative arguments based on detailed calculations and the best-available scientific knowledge, including solid astronomical data, conclude, from multiple perspectives, that there is no risk of any significance whatsoever from such black holes.
description: Version2: Minor corrections/fixed typos; updated references
Lattice star and acyclic branched polymer vertex exponents in 3d
Creators: name: Campbell, S
name: van Rensburg, EJ Janse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B41, 82B23, 65C05

description: Numerical values of lattice star entropic exponents $γ_f$, and star vertex exponents $σ_f$, are estimated using parallel implementations of the PERM and Wang-Landau algorithms. Our results show that the numerical estimates of the vertex exponents deviate from predictions of the $ε$-expansion and confirms and improves on estimates in the literature. We also estimate the entropic exponents $γ_\mathcal{G}$ of a few acyclic branched lattice networks with comb and brush connectivities. In particular, we confirm within numerical accuracy the scaling relation $$ γ_{\mathcal{G}}-1 = \sum_{f\geq 1} m_f \, σ_f $$ for a comb and two brushes (where $m_f$ is the number of nodes of degree $f$ in the network) using our independent estimates of $σ_f$.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2008.05622
Strategy and numerical modelling of a vehicle seat with a lightweight sandwich design for large-scale production
Creators: name: Ren, Song
name: Schäfer, Kay
name: Nestler, Daisy
name: Krumm, Dominik
name: Odenwald, Stephan
name: Kroll, Lothar
name: Fleischmann, Marc
Publisher: name: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS)
Year: 2018

description: A lightweight vehicle front seat with a sandwich structure, which consists of skin layers made of glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic prepregs and a core consisting of a warp knitted spacer fabric filled with polyurethane foam, was developed. The strength test simulations of the seat structure were performed using a Finite Element Analysis approach. The results validate the new sandwich design of the vehicle seat with its adequate strength under a static load. With the innovative lightweight design, the mass of the seat was reduced up to 57 % in comparison to the reference seat from conventional mass production. In addition, a manufacturing process was advised for a large-scale production of the lightweight design within one workstation.
description: Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS), Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Special Issue: 3rd International MERGE Technologies Conference (IMTC), 21st - 22nd September 2017, Chemnitz