cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transferring Research Knowledge to Public Policy
Creators: name: Rojas, Mauricio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Each year, billions of tax dollars are spent on basic discovery, intervention development, and efficacy research in the United States. Meanwhile, hundreds of billions of tax dollars are spent on health service delivery programs. Unfortunately limited funds are spent to gain knowledge on how to best ensure that the lessons learned from basic science informs and improves the quality of health services and the availability of evidence-based approaches. In order to close this discovery-delivery gap, researchers and their funding agencies must not only recognize the gap between basic discovery and intervention development, but they must work together with practitioners and their funding agencies to recognize and implement advances. There continues to be a growing gap between innovative interventions developed through research and the ability to actually deliver and have impact of improving public health. A thorough review of the literature on translational research or knowledge translation followed by its application to an ongoing international collaborative program will be presented.
British Gallup Poll CQ 846C
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1986

description: Public corporations(12); British telecom(9); washroom products(8) place of employment(7); General Election(7); government's job performance(5); computer/video machine(3); chewing gum(2); tax rules/North Sea oil companies(2). (2).
title: Everything you need to know about MDCT Angiography (MDCTA) in the diagnosis of aortic pathology in pediatric patients
Creators: name: Martínez-Sapiña Llanas, María José
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Paediatric
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the semiology of different aortic pathologies in children and their findings at Multidetector Computarized Tomography-Angiography (MDCTA). To know the indications of this technique and discuss its advantages and disadvantages in the...
British Gallup Poll CQ 848
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Government approval (1); Margaret Thatcher job performance (1); Michael Foot job performance (1); David Steel job performance (1); Roy Jenkins job performance (1); party support (2); 1979 General Election (2); foreign aid approval (1); British foreign aid (5); economic situation development (2); prices changes (2); personal financial situation (2); unemployment levels (1); time to save (1); time to buy (4); move with job (2); Irish Republican Army opinion (1); Palestine Liberation Organization opinion (1); video cassette recorder/tapes use (4); Reader's Digest buying habits (6); read Reader's Digest (1); interesting Reader's Digest articles (4); last ate candy (3); candy quality (5) candy changes (2).
Child Health, Development, and Helminthic Infection in Andean Nations: Building the Case for Government-Sponsored Deworming
Creators: name: Pack, Tiffany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: It is estimated that, globally, at least 2 billion people (Savioli 2004) are infected with soiltransmitted helminths (STHs) - whipworms, roundworms and hookworms. STH infections have, until recently, been marginalized in terms of international attention and resources. In the last decade, focus has begun to shift toward recognition of STH infections as neglected tropical diseases and serious long term health threats, and rightly so, as STH infections are responsible for a myriad of negative health effects such as chronic anemia, nutrient malabsorption and reduced cognitive function. In 2001, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution to treat STH infections in high-risk groups with a goal of treating over 75% of school-age children at risk by 2010. High risk groups are typically found within developing where poverty and its associated challenges of limited access to improved sanitation, clean drinking-water and health care endure. Among those infected with STHs , about one third are estimated to be children with the highest rates of infection typically in school age children between the ages of 5 and 15 years (UN-ECOSOC 2010). Helminth infections adversely impact these children in terms of cognitive development, school attendance and educational performance. STHs have also been connected to anemia or malabsorption of Vitamin A and iron (WHO PPC 2010), deficiencies associated with increased measles and diarrheal morbidity and general fatigue in children (WebMD 2010) and with blindness and fatigue in adults (CDC 2010). Andean nations (defined as Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) are particularly affected as, using national poverty standards, they are five of the six poorest countries in South America (World Bank WDI 2008). Given economic impediments, disparate progress has been made in the last decade in the areas of child nutrition, education and improved water and sanitation. However, for rural communities which are typically associated with the 3 highest prevalences of soil-transmitted helminths, lack of access to safe water, improved sanitation and health care persist. Children within these communities are particularly affected. Until systemic improvements to foundational public health challenges can be achieved, child health and development and in turn the long term national health and productivity will be threatened. Therefore, until these challenges can be addressed, Andean region governments must take necessary steps to protect their nations’ children from these diseases in the short term. A straightforward, researched method of protection is school-based parasite prevention. These programs have important implications not only for immediate, individual child health and development, but also for the long term health, productivity of their nations.
Learning from Experience for Rapid Generation of Local Car Maneuvers
Creators: name: Kicki, Piotr
name: Gawron, Tomasz
name: Ćwian, Krzysztof
name: Ozay, Mete
name: Skrzypczyński, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9; I.2.6; J.2

description: Being able to rapidly respond to the changing scenes and traffic situations by generating feasible local paths is of pivotal importance for car autonomy. We propose to train a deep neural network (DNN) to plan feasible and nearly-optimal paths for kinematically constrained vehicles in small constant time. Our DNN model is trained using a novel weakly supervised approach and a gradient-based policy search. On real and simulated scenes and a large set of local planning problems, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the existing planners with respect to the number of successfully completed tasks. While the path generation time is about 40 ms, the generated paths are smooth and comparable to those obtained from conventional path planners.
Pew Research Center Poll: February 2007 Political Survey--2008 Presidential Election/Economic Conditions/War in Iraq/Terrorism/Iran
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2007

description: George W. Bush job performance (1); impressions of George W. Bush (1); Democrats in Congress job performance (1); 2008 Presidential candidates (3); 2008 Presidential election (2); knowledge of/support for public figures as candidates for 2008 Presidency (20); impression candidates have made on people (6); best experiences as preparation for becoming President (2); support for candidates with various traits (23); economy (2); personal finances (2); job opportunities in the community (1); problems facing the country (10); reducing the federal budget deficit (1); increases in the budget for military defense (1); country representing the greatest danger to the U.S. (2); Iraq (24); Iran (2).
title: Outcomes of a novel hemostasis device following percutaneous dialysis access interventions
Creators: name: Chadalavada, Seetharam
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Angioplasty
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Vascular
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: More than 408,000 patients in the United States currently undergo hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. Most patients have an autologous arteriovenous fistula or synthetic arteriovenous graft, and percutaneous angioplasty and thrombectomy are...
Matrix-wise $\ell_0$-constrained Sparse Nonnegative Least Squares
Creators: name: Nadisic, Nicolas
name: Cohen, Jeremy E
name: Vandaele, Arnaud
name: Gillis, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nonnegative least squares problems with multiple right-hand sides (MNNLS) arise in models that rely on additive linear combinations. In particular, they are at the core of most nonnegative matrix factorization algorithms and have many applications. The nonnegativity constraint is known to naturally favor sparsity, that is, solutions with few non-zero entries. However, it is often useful to further enhance this sparsity, as it improves the interpretability of the results and helps reducing noise, which leads to the sparse MNNLS problem. In this paper, as opposed to most previous works that enforce sparsity column- or row-wise, we first introduce a novel formulation for sparse MNNLS, with a matrix-wise sparsity constraint. Then, we present a two-step algorithm to tackle this problem. The first step divides sparse MNNLS in subproblems, one per column of the original problem. It then uses different algorithms to produce, either exactly or approximately, a Pareto front for each subproblem, that is, to produce a set of solutions representing different tradeoffs between reconstruction error and sparsity. The second step selects solutions among these Pareto fronts in order to build a sparsity-constrained matrix that minimizes the reconstruction error. We perform experiments on facial and hyperspectral images, and we show that our proposed two-step approach provides more accurate results than state-of-the-art sparse coding heuristics applied both column-wise and globally.
description: 25 pages + 18 pages supplementary material. This is the new version of a work originally called "A Homotopy-based Algorithm for Sparse Multiple Right-hand Sides Nonnegative Least Squares". Although the central concept is the same, the paper has been almost completely rewritten
Pew Research Center Poll: June 2007 Political Survey--Illegal Immigration/Iraq
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: George W. Bush job performance (1); Democratic leaders in Congress job performance (1); Nancy Pelosi job performance (1); thought given to candidates running for President in 2008 (1); chance of public figures running for President in 2008 (18); importance of issue in voting for President (9); leading Republican Presidential candidate favoring women's choice in matters of abortion (1); Democratic leaders in Congress challenges to President Bush's policies in Iraq (1); economy (3); job opportunities (2); real estate market (2); illegal immigration (7); ethnic violence in Darfur region of Sudan (3); Iraq (16).
Computing Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Gaussian Graphical Models with Macaulay2
Creators: name: Améndola, Carlos
name: Puente, Luis David García
name: Homs, Roser
name: Kuznetsova, Olga
name: Motwani, Harshit J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14-04, 62R01, 62H22, 62F10

description: We introduce the package "GraphicalModelsMLE" for computing the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a Gaussian graphical model in the computer algebra system Macaulay2. This package allows the computation of MLEs for the class of loopless mixed graphs. Additional functionality allows the user to explore the underlying algebraic structure of the model, such as its maximum likelihood degree and the ideal of score equations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Cavity-induced modifications of molecular structure in the strong coupling regime
Creators: name: Galego, Javier
name: Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J.
name: Feist, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most theoretical descriptions of collective strong coupling of organic molecules to a cavity mode, the molecules are modeled as simple two-level systems. This picture fails to describe the rich structure provided by their internal rovibrational (nuclear) degrees of freedom. We investigate a first-principles model that fully takes into account both electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, allowing an exploration of the phenomenon of strong coupling from an entirely new perspective. First, we demonstrate the limitations of applicability of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in strongly coupled molecule-cavity structures. For the case of two molecules, we also show how dark states, which within the two-level picture are effectively decoupled from the cavity, are indeed affected by the formation of collective strong coupling. Finally, we discuss ground-state modifications in the ultra-strong coupling regime and show that some molecular observables are affected by the collective coupling strength, while others only depend on the single-molecule coupling constant.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Medicare Annual Wellness Visit: Personalizing and Prioritizing Prevention
Creators: name: Bacigalupo, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit, introduced at the beginning of 2011, is the newest step in the progression of the concept of the periodic health examination. There are special characteristics of screening in the elderly Medicare population that need to be considered when performing this visit. The relatively limited life expectancy of the elderly patient population, as well as the lag time to benefit of recommended screening interventions, must be taken into account. Furthermore, the changing values and priorities of elderly patients as they age may change the focus of the Annual Wellness Visit. With a multitude of current recommendations from agency like the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and of requirements from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for the Annual Wellness Visit, the visit could be conducted in several ways, including making a checklist of all current recommendations that apply to the individual patient based on age and gender and personalizing and prioritizing the recommendations to the patient's preferences, values, and overall health status. This review offers some suggestions for possible tools to use in personalizing and prioritizing the Annual Wellness Visit, including lag time to benefit, active life expectancy, and the Vulnerable Elders Survey. This review also proposes a research study design for further investigating the benefits for each method of conducting the Annual Wellness Visit.
Pew Research Center Poll # 2007-09POL: September 2007 Political Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2008

description: George W. Bush job performance (1); most important problem facing the nation (1); Iraq (29); economy (4); sources of news about national/international issues (2); 2008 Presidential candidates (7); likeliness of voting in 2008 Presidential primaries (1); descriptors of 2008 Presidential candidates (18); 2008 Presidential candidate with best chance of winning (2); support for Presidential candidate from Al Gore (1); personal financial situation (2); job opportunities (1); real estate market (3); employment (2); sufficiency of earned income (4); concern about issues (7); debt (1); cost of living (1); safety from crime in neighborhood (1); victims of crime (2); frequency of attending religious services (1); description of household (1); rental/ownership of home (1); level of stock market investment (1).
title: Pott's Spine: Retrospective Analysis of MRI in 40 Cases.
Creators: name: Kala, Prachi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool to evaluate spinal infection and tohelp distinguish between an infection and other clinical conditions. Learning objectives: * To analyze the patterns of Koch’s spine based on the anatomical...
Risky or beneficial? Impact of adolescents perceptions on participation in face-to-face meetings with people from the internet
Creators: name: Dedkova, Lenka
name: Mýlek, Vojtěch
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Other Psychology
subject: Interpersonal and Small Group Communication
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Communication Technology and New Media
subject: risk perception
subject: online socializing
subject: new people
subject: face-to-face meetings
subject: peer norms
subject: perceived benefits
subject: social self-efficacy
subject: sensation seeking
subject: adolescents
subject: internet

description: Our study focuses on the participation of Czech adolescents in offline, face-to-face meetings with people they know only through the internet. Adolescents may benefit from such interactions, as meeting new people provides opportunities to achieve developmental tasks of adolescence, such as identity formation and development of intimacy and sexuality (Borca et al., 2015; Pascoe, 2011; Steinberg, 2008). However, meetings with people met online are commonly portrayed as dangerous for adolescents (Dedkova, 2015; Holmes, 2009), and these portrayals shape how adolescents perceive such meetings (Mascheroni et al., 2014). Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine how adolescents' perceptions of benefits and risks impact their participation in face-to-face meetings with people known from the internet.
title: Transcatheter microcoil and/or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA) embolotherapy for ruptured pseudoaneurysm following pancreatic and biliary surgery.
Creators: name: Sakugawa, Takayuki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Embolisation
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Pancreas
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Emergency

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter microcoil and/or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA) embolotherapy for bleeding pseudoaneurysms complicating major pancreatic and biliary...
title: Imaging in the preoperative assessment of renal carcinoma
Creators: name: Bartoloni, Alessandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Kidney
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Surgery
subject: Cancer
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for ap­proximately 5% of adult cases of cancer in men and 3% in women and is the second most com­mon urologic neoplasm. We report a review of literature on pre-operative imaging of renal...
Managing Hybrid Main Memories with a Page-Utility Driven Performance Model
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Choi, Jongmoo
name: Sun, Jin
name: Ghose, Saugata
name: Wang, Hui
name: Meza, Justin
name: Ren, Jinglei
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.3

description: Hybrid memory systems comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM) have been proposed to exploit both the capacity advantage of NVM and the latency and dynamic energy advantages of DRAM. An important problem for such systems is how to place data between DRAM and NVM to improve system performance. In this paper, we devise the first mechanism, called UBM (page Utility Based hybrid Memory management), that systematically estimates the system performance benefit of placing a page in DRAM versus NVM and uses this estimate to guide data placement. UBM's estimation method consists of two major components. First, it estimates how much an application's stall time can be reduced if the accessed page is placed in DRAM. To do this, UBM comprehensively considers access frequency, row buffer locality, and memory level parallelism (MLP) to estimate the application's stall time reduction. Second, UBM estimates how much each application's stall time reduction contributes to overall system performance. Based on this estimation method, UBM can determine and place the most critical data in DRAM to directly optimize system performance. Experimental results show that UBM improves system performance by 14% on average (and up to 39%) compared to the best of three state-of-the-art mechanisms for a large number of data-intensive workloads from the SPEC CPU2006 and Yahoo Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB) suites.
A new route for enantio-sensitive structure determination by photoelectron scattering on molecules in the gas phase
Creators: name: Fehre, K.
name: Novikovskiy, N. M.
name: Grundmann, S.
name: Kastirke, G.
name: Eckart, S.
name: Trinter, F.
name: Rist, J.
name: Hartung, A.
name: Trabert, D.
name: Janke, Ch.
name: Pitzer, M.
name: Zeller, S.
name: Wiegandt, F.
name: Weller, M.
name: Kircher, M.
name: Nalin, G.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Schmidt, L. Ph. H.
name: Knie, A.
name: Hans, A.
name: Ltaief, L. Ben
name: Ehresmann, A.
name: Berger, R.
name: Fukuzawa, H.
name: Ueda, K.
name: Schmidt-Böcking, H.
name: Williams, J. B.
name: Jahnke, T.
name: Dörner, R.
name: Demekhin, Ph. V.
name: Schöffler, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray as well as electron diffraction are powerful tools for structure determination of molecules. Studies on randomly oriented molecules in the gas-phase address cases in which molecular crystals cannot be generated or the interaction-free molecular structure is to be addressed. Such studies usually yield partial geometrical information, such as interatomic distances. Here, we present a complementary approach, which allows obtaining insight to the structure, handedness and even detailed geometrical features of molecules in the gas phase. Our approach combines Coulomb explosion imaging, the information that is encoded in the molecular frame diffraction pattern of core-shell photoelectrons and ab initio computations. Using a loop-like analysis scheme we are able to deduce specific molecular coordinates with sensitivity even to the handedness of chiral molecules and the positions of individual atoms, as, e.g., protons.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Break time viewed through pedagogic glasses: a study of the effective utilization of break time within primary schools in Israel
Creators: name: Nisselbaum, Sima
Publisher: name: University of Derby
Year: 2015
Subjects: School Recess
Breaktime
Israel
Primary schools

description: The main goal of this study is the development of comprehensive strategies aimed at improving break time practices in Israeli schools. The issue of school break time as an integral part of the school day has not yet been addressed in educational research in Israel. This qualitative case study involved more than 200 participants from 2 Israeli primary schools, representing 3 groups – principals, break time supervising teachers, and pupils. The study examines the perspectives of the research stakeholders on the purpose and implementation of break time. The recruitment of participants was carried out using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Five data collection tools were employed: documentary analysis, individual semistructured interviews with the three groups of stakeholders, focus group with teachers, observation of school yards and lobbies, and a questionnaire for pupils. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis, in which inductive coding was used.Study findings reveal that break time is perceived by teachers and principals as an energy-consuming, ill-planned part of the school day. Their main concerns are safety and disciplinary matters. A sense of frustration caused by break time duty problems, deteriorating discipline in schools, and lack of hope for improvement in teacher authority, was dominant in teacher responses. Little consensus was found on whether or not break time should be structured. Both principals and teachers underestimate the role of pupil-initiated free play. Most teachers underestimate the meaningful educational opportunities present during break time. Pupils perceive break time as a time for rest, game playing, and freedom from teacher control. Findings suggest that the preferred way of spending break time and the role of a duty teacher are perceived differently by pupils of different ages and gender groups. This study identifies a number of break time issues that have not yet received attention, such as enjoying a meal as a part of peer socialization, and ethical problems related to free play or involving playthings brought from home. Compared to previous research, this study suggests that feelings of loneliness experienced by pupils during break time increase as they grow older, reinforcing the idea of using break time as a platform for practice and improvement of social skills. The study concludes with recommendations for making social education a significant and planned part of the school curriculum, using the break time environment as a natural setting, integrated with the classroom. In addition, break time should be dealt with as part of the teacher-training process.
Noetherian Operators in Macaulay2
Creators: name: Chen, Justin
name: Cid-Ruiz, Yairon
name: Härkönen, Marc
name: Krone, Robert
name: Leykin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14-04, 14Q15, 13N05, 65L80, 65D05

description: A primary ideal in a polynomial ring can be described by the variety it defines and a finite set of Noetherian operators, which are differential operators with polynomial coefficients. We implement both symbolic and numerical algorithms to produce such a description in various scenarios as well as routines for studying affine schemes through the prism of Noetherian operators and Macaulay dual spaces.
description: 6 pages, source code distributed with Macaulay2 since version 1.17
Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Skimmia laureola Leaf Essential Oil: A Review
Creators: name: TRIPATHI, Y.C.
name: Bhalla, P
name: Varshney, V. K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340502
subject: Natural products and bioactive compounds
classificationCode: 340504
subject: Organic green chemistry
classificationCode: 340599
subject: Organic chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Skimmia laureola (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Kedarpati is an evergreen shrub native to the Himalayan regions. Different parts of the plant have traditionally been used as a remedy for numerous diseases including stomach ache, dysentery, nausea, smallpox, body pain, flu, and diabetes. S. laureola has been investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities by various researchers. The essential oil has been evaluated for various pharmacological properties including insecticidal, antifungal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. A thorough bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing worldwide accepted scientific databases including SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online as well as offline sources. The present review is aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of the essential oil of S. laureola to highlight its ethnopharmacological importance, to explore its chemo-therapeutic potentials, and to provide a basis for future research.
Simulation of capillary infiltration into packing structures by the Lattice-Boltzmann method for the optimization of ceramic materials
Creators: name: Sergi, Danilo
name: Grossi, Loris
name: Leidi, Tiziano
name: Ortona, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we want to simulate with the Lattice-Boltzmann method in 2D the capillary infiltration into porous structures obtained from the packing of particles. The experimental problem motivating our work is the densification of carbon preforms by reactive melt infiltration. The aim is to determine optimization principles for the manufacturing of high-performance ceramics. Simulations are performed for packings with varying structural properties. Our analysis suggests that the observed slow infiltrations can be ascribed to interface dynamics. Pinning represents the primary factor retarding fluid penetration. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is analyzed in detail. When surface growth is allowed, it is found that the phenomenon of pinning becomes stronger. Systems trying to reproduce typical experimental conditions are also investigated. It turns out that the standard for accurate simulations is challenging. The primary obstacle to overcome for enhanced accuracy seems to be the over-occurrence of pinning.
Prison Health Care in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland
Creators: name: MacDonald, Morag
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Polen , Ungarn , Tschechische Republik , Justizvollzugsanstalt , Gesundheitsvorsorge , Vergleich
subject: 360

description: This study of health care in Central European penal systems was commissioned by HEUNI and took place during January and February, 2001. The three countries included in the research were the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. These countries were selected to complement the work already done by Roy Walmsley (1996) and his current follow-up study of the prison systems as a whole in Central and Eastern European countries. The link with Roy Walmsley’s research was important as a means of securing access to appropriate key personnel in each of the countries and as a means of securing general information about the prison systems. This study also complements the work already carried out in Italy and England and Wales about the structure and key issues facing the two prison systems in the areas of health policy and more specifically on HIV and drugs policy (MacDonald, 1999).
description: The purpose of the visits to the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland was to prepare a report that provides descriptive data about the current health policies in prisons in the countries visited. Interviews were to be carried out with key officials in each of the countries to discover the extent to which international standards are currently adhered to in the implementation of health policy; the reasons for any lack of adherence; the concerns expressed, and the state of progress. It is the intention to return to each of these countries to undertake a more indepth follow-up study in the area of implementation of health policy in the form of audits in a sample of prisons, which will also include interviews with prisoners. Although this report is primarily concerned with the provision of health care services in each of the three countries’ prison services it is also recognised that there are other factors that make a significant contribution to the health of prisoners. Therefore, a variety of issues (overcrowding, budget constraints, drugs and sex in prison and so on) have been included in the report in so far as they impact on prisoner health. Three days were spent in each country. Interviews were carried out with a range of key officials in the prison service administration. At least one prison was visited in each country and further interviews were undertaken with the prison governor and medical staff working in the prison hospital/ department.
Drug Offenders in the Global Criminal Justice System
Creators: name: Van Horne, Sheryl
name: Farrell, Graham
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Drogenmissbrauch , Strafgerichtsbarkeit
subject: 340
subject: 360

description: The present work assesses the extent, variation and changes in drug trafficking, drug possession and all drug offences in criminal justice systems around the world between. Across the five years of study there was a strong international trend over time, showing relatively small but widespread increases in drug offenders for each stage from suspects arrested by law enforcement, through prosecutions and convictions, to prison admissions. The international mean for all drug offences as a percentage of all offences was 7% of suspects, 7% of prosecutions, 6% of convictions, and 11% of prison admissions in the most recent year for which data was available. The non-parametric sign-test is used to show that the international trends were statistically significant in terms of the number of countries increasing or decreasing the proportion of drug offenders. It seems that, in general, criminal justice systems around the world are characterised more by the similarities than differences in the proportions of drug offenders at different stages. However, several statistically deviant countries are identifiable at different criminal justice stages and at different times. Some specific issues are worthy of further examination. In particular there is the possibility that the United States is not particularly more punitive at sentencing or imprisonment than other countries when it comes to drug offenders, but rather, that it has a relatively greater tendency to prosecute drug offences cases. Further, at the stage of imprisonment, drug offenders constitute a larger proportion of all offenders imprisoned in Belgium, Italy and Germany, than they do in the United States. Although people are often quick to identify the US the world's penal sadist when it comes to drug offenders, the present data set suggests that for the early 1990's at least, there is no conclusive evidence that this is the case. The further investigation of these and other issues may provide information of relevance to drug policy or criminal justice policy at the national or international level. Variations in sentence lengths for drug offences are also examined, although the data is more fragmented. For those countries that responded, the international median sentence length for possession offences is around one year compared to somewhere between three and five years for trafficking. The findings and their interpretation should be viewed with caution due to the limitations of the data. However, the analysis suggests that the United Nations crime survey has been under-utilised as a means of developing knowledge and information of relevance to national and international drug policy and criminal justice policy. A range of possibilities for furthering the present work is suggested.
OraQuick Implementation Program Plan For Wake Teen Medical Services
Creators: name: Abdulrahman, Eiman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: This paper will report on the development of a new pilot program at Wake Teen Medical Services, a comprehensive adolescent clinic, to increase early diagnosis and treatment of HIV among high-risk youth. The proposed program is comprised of a number of objectives: 1) to implement the FDA-approved Rapid Antibody HIV-1 test known as OraQuick as an option for HIV testing at Wake Teen Medical Services; 2) to make HIV testing using OraQuick and effective counseling a routine part of examination for all at-risk adolescents, in accordance with the new CDC initiative; 3) to improve the effectiveness of STD education and behavioral modification by basing the counseling portion of the HIV testing and counseling on "client-centered" behavioral theory. Resident physicians in training who rotate through the clinic will be trained with this approach. Lastly, to improve awareness of the program to college students who need confidential testing at an off-campus site, the program includes two outreach activities. First, the services provided by Wake Teen, including OraQuick, will be listed on websites of all Wake County colleges and universities as well as other selected websites targeting young gay and bisexual men of color. Second, posters and flyers about the services provided by Wake Teen will be made available to local youth organizations. To assess the program's successful implementation, pre-intervention and post-intervention surveys and other data collection tools will be used to evaluate whether the program objectives were implemented as intended.
title: Dose reduction in voiding cystourethrography
Creators: name: Starc, Tina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To measure the dose while performing voiding cystourethrography (figure 1) with and without Bucky grid and with and without an additional copper filtration in a 12 months old...
Topological magnons for thermal Hall transport in frustrated magnets with bond-dependent interactions
Creators: name: Zhang, Emily Z.
name: Chern, Li Ern
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal transport in topologically-ordered phases of matter provides valuable insights as it can detect the charge-neutral quasiparticles that would not directly couple to electromagnetic probes. An important example is edge heat transport of Majorana fermions in a chiral spin liquid, which leads to a half-quantized thermal Hall conductivity. This signature is precisely what has recently been measured in $α$-RuCl$_3$ under external magnetic fields. The plateau-like behavior of the half-quantized thermal Hall conductivity as a function of external magnetic field, and the peculiar sign change depending on the magnetic field orientation, has been proposed as strong evidence for the non-Abelian Kitaev spin liquid. Alternatively, for in-plane magnetic fields, it was theoretically shown that such a sign structure can also arise from topological magnons in the field-polarized state. In this work, we investigate the full implications of topological magnons as heat carriers on thermal transport measurements. We first prove analytically that for any commensurate order with a finite magnetic unit cell, reversing the field direction leads to a sign change in the magnon thermal Hall conductivity in two-dimensional systems. We verify this proof numerically with nontrivial magnetic orders as well as the field-polarized state in Kitaev magnets subjected to an in-plane field. In the case of a tilted magnetic field, whereby there exist both finite in-plane and out-of-plane field components, we find that the plateau-like behavior of the thermal Hall conductivity and the sign change upon reversing the in-plane component of the magnetic field arise in the partially-polarized state, as long as the in-plane field contribution to the Zeeman energy is significant. While these results are consistent with the experimental observations, we comment on other aspects requiring investigation in future studies.
description: 9+4 pages, 17 figures
Nonlinear reversal of PT symmetric phase transition in a system of coupled semiconductor micro-ring resonators
Creators: name: Hassan, Absar U.
name: Hodaei, Hossein
name: Miri, Mohammad-Ali
name: Khajavikhan, Mercedeh
name: Christodoulides, Demetrios N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of two coupled semiconductor-based resonators is studied when lasing around an exceptional point. We show that the presence of nonlinear saturation effects can have important ramifications on the transition behavior of this system. In sharp contrast with linear PT-symmetric configurations, nonlinear processes are capable of reversing the order in which the symmetry breaking occurs. Yet, even in the nonlinear regime, the resulting non-Hermitian states still retain the structural form of the corresponding linear eigenvectors expected above and below the phase transition point. The conclusions of our analysis are in agreement with experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
The Effectiveness of Melatonin for Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Harrington, John J., MD
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Background: Age-related insomnia is a condition affecting over so% of those aged 65 years and older, and is characterized by difficulties in sleep onset and maintenance. Poor sleep is associated with cognitive impairment, daytime sleepiness, injuries, and decreased quality oflife. Common insomnia pharmacologic therapies often result in side effects and the development of tolerance. Purpose: To review the evidence of the effectiveness of melatonin (MLT) for insomnia in adults 65 years and older? Methods: A priori study inclusion criteria included: study subjects aged 65 or older, male or female; randomized, placebo-controlled trial; objective outcome measures to include either sleep log or diary, actigraphy and/ or overnight polysomnography. To identify relevant studies, articles published from 1966 to March 2004 were retrieved from the online databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psychinfo, DARE, Cochrane, and EBM Reviews. MEDLINE (via PubMed) was searched using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders and Melatonin. A total of 121 English language journal articles were identified using this search strategy. All but 4 of these were excluded due to lack of randomization, inclusions of subjects less than 65 years, or failure to include objective data regarding sleep parameters. Results: Four crossover-designed studies of melatonin included 74 insomniacs aged 65 years or older. In three of four randomized, placebocontrolled trials, sleep efficiency was significantly improved compared to placebo, while sleep latency was significantly improved in two, with a trend toward significance in a third. In two others, total sleep time improved significantly. Further, in all but one of the included studies, melatonin significantly improved at least one actigraphic measure of sleep quality. Discussion: The results of this systematic review suggest that melatonin may be effective in improving two objective measures of insomnia, sleep efficiency and sleep latency. Although melatonin may be a safe alternative to standard hypnotic therapy, its use will be limited until more information is available regarding appropriate patient selection and dosing, especially when effective therapies exist (e.g., cognitive behavioral, standard hypnotics). This information will need to be obtained from much larger, well-designed, randomized controlled trials.
Diverse Single Image Generation with Controllable Global Structure
Creators: name: Mahendren, Sutharsan
name: Edussooriya, Chamira
name: Rodrigo, Ranga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Image generation from a single image using generative adversarial networks is quite interesting due to the realism of generated images. However, recent approaches need improvement for such realistic and diverse image generation, when the global context of the image is important such as in face, animal, and architectural image generation. This is mainly due to the use of fewer convolutional layers for mainly capturing the patch statistics and, thereby, not being able to capture global statistics very well. We solve this problem by using attention blocks at selected scales and feeding a random Gaussian blurred image to the discriminator for training. Our results are visually better than the state-of-the-art particularly in generating images that require global context. The diversity of our image generation, measured using the average standard deviation of pixels, is also better.
description: Published in the Neurocomputing Journal
First Detection of HCO$^+$ Absorption in the Magellanic System
Creators: name: Murray, Claire E.
name: Stanimirović, Snežana
name: McClure-Griffiths, N. M.
name: Putman, M. E.
name: Liszt, H. S.
name: Wong, Tony
name: Richter, P.
name: Dawson, J. R.
name: Dickey, John M.
name: Lindner, Robert R.
name: Babler, Brian L.
name: Allison, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of HCO$^+$ absorption in the Magellanic System. Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we observed 9 extragalactic radio continuum sources behind the Magellanic System and detected HCO$^+$ absorption towards one source located behind the leading edge of the Magellanic Bridge. The detection is located at LSR velocity of $v=214.0 \pm 0.4\rm\,km\,s^{-1}$, with a full width at half maximum of $Δv=4.5\pm 1.0\rm\,km\,s^{-1}$ and optical depth of $τ(\rm HCO^+)=0.10\pm 0.02$. Although there is abundant neutral hydrogen (HI) surrounding the sightline in position-velocity space, at the exact location of the absorber the HI column density is low, $<10^{20}\rm\,cm^{-2}$, and there is little evidence for dust or CO emission from Planck observations. While the origin and survival of molecules in such a diffuse environment remains unclear, dynamical events such as HI flows and cloud collisions in this interacting system likely play an important role.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables