Calliactis polypus
Creators: name: Barragán, Yamaly
name: Sánchez, Carlos
name: Rodríguez, Estefanía
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Actiniaria
Hormathiidae
Calliactis
Calliactis polypus

description: Calliactis polypus (Forsskål, 1775)
(FIgS. 2, 24–26, TAble 10)
Priapus polypus Forsskål, 1775
Actinia polypus: de Blainville 1834
Cribrina Polypus [sic]: Ehrenberg 1834
Actinia decorata Couthouy in Dana, 1846
Adamsia decorata: Milne-Edwards 1857
Adamsia priapus: Milne-Edwards 1857
Cereus sinenesis Verrill, 1869
Calliactis decorata Drayton: Verrill 1869
Calliactis polypus: Hertwig 1882
No Calliactis polypus: Dawson 1966
Calliactis decorata Andres, 1883
No Adamsia rondeletti Andres, 1883
Adamsia miriam Haddon & Shackleton, 1893
Calliactis Miriam [sic] Haddon & Shackleton, 1893: Haddon 1898
Pro parte Calliactis armillatas Verrill, 1928
Calliactis sinensis (Verrill, 1869): Verrill 1928
Calliactis marmorata Studer, 1879
Calliactis valdiviae Carlgren, 1938
Calliactis variegata Verrill, 1869: Carlgren 1949
Material eXamined. (See TAble 2).
Description. EXTeRNAl ANATOmY (FIg. 24): Well deVelOped pedAl dISC, TO 51 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS, WIdeR ThAN COlUmN. COlUmN CYlINdRICAl, CORRUgATe, TO 26 mm heIghT ANd TO 34 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. COlUmN dIVISIble INTO SCApUS ANd SCApUlUS; SCApUlUS delICATe. ONe OR TWO TRANSVeRSAl ROWS Of CONSpICUOUS CINClIdeS, ON pApIllAe IN pROXImAl pART Of SCApUS. FUllY eXpANded ORAl dISC ANd TeNTACleS TO 45 mm dIAmeTeR, ORAl dISC TO 38 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. Up TO 300 TeNTACleS, heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN SeVeN CYCleS, TO TWO mm leNgTh IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS; SImple, ShORT, STICkY, SmOOTh, All Of SImIlAR leNgTh. MeSeNTeRIAl INSeRTIONS VISIble IN pedAl dISC, pROXImAl COlUmN ANd ORAl dISC.
INTeRNAl ANATOmY ANd mICROANATOmY (FIg. 25): MeSeNTeRIeS heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN fIVe CYCleS: fIRST peRfeCT ANd STeRIle, OTheRS ImpeRfeCT ANd feRTIle. GONOChORIC, OOCYTeS 0.07–0.08 ANd SpeRmATIC CYSTS 0.09–0.10 mm IN dIAmeTeR IN SpeCImeNS COlleCTed IN AUgUST. MORe meSeNTeRIeS dISTAllY ThAN pROXImAllY (bASed ON NUmbeR Of TeNTACleS). ACONTIA WITh ONlY bASITRIChS. TWO SIphONOglYphS ATTAChed TO TWO pAIR Of dIReCTIVe meSeNTeRIeS. ReTRACTOR mUSCleS WeAk ANd dIffUSe, OCCUpYINg OVeR hAlf-leNgTh Of meSeNTeRIeS. PARIeTObASIlAR mUSCleS pOORlY deVelOped, WeAk. BASIlAR mUSCleS Well deVelOped, WITh VeRY ShORT ANd ThICk meSOgleAl pROCeSSeS. MARgINAl SphINCTeR mUSCle meSOgleAl. LONgITUdINAl mUSCleS Of TeNTACleS eCTOdeRmAl.
COlOR (FIg. 24): IN lIVINg SpeCImeNS, pedAl dISC lIghT gReeN ANd beIge. COlUmN OlIVe gReeN, beIge, dARk bROWN ANd ROSe. CINClIdeS beIge. ACONTIA flUOReSCeNT pINk. ORAl dISC TRANSlUCeNT bROWN WITh WhITe RAdIAl lINeS. MOUTh ORANge WITh A WhITe hYpOSTOme. TeNTACleS TRANSlUCeNT dARk bROWN WITh WhITe SpOTS.
CNIdOm (FIg. 26): BASITRIChS, p -mASTIgOphOReS B1, ANd SpIROCYSTS. See TAble 10 fOR SIZe ANd dISTRIbUTION.
Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Calliactis polypus IS The mOST COSmOpOlITAN SpeCIeS WIThIN The geNUS. IT IS fOUNd IN The PACIfIC, ATlANTIC, ANd INdIAN OCeANS, MedITeRRANeAN SeA ANd Red SeA (GUSmãO 2010). IN The PACIfIC OCeAN IS RepORTed fROm ECUAdOR TO MeXICO. IN MeXICO, IT IS fOUNd IN CONCepCION BAY (CARlgReN 1951). IT hAS beeN RepORTed beTWeeN 0–638 meTeRS (VeRRIll 1928; CARlgReN 1938). ThIS IS The fIRST ReCORd fOR PUNTA COYOTe (NORTh 1, 2 ANd 3) IN The INTeRTIdAl ANd IN SAN RAfAelITO AT 20 meTeRS.
Remarks. Of All 18 deSCRIbed SpeCIeS Of Calliactis ACCORdINg TO DAlY & FAUTIN (2018), GUSmãO (2010) CONSIdeRed 13 SpeCIeS TO be VAlId bUT WIThOUT CONSIdeRINg ThRee SpeCIeS ThAT She dId NOT ReVISe (C. polypores PeI, 1996, C. xishaensis PeI, 1996 ANd C. argentacolorata PeI, 1996). She CONClUded ThAT TWO SpeCIeS, C. annulata CARlgReN, 1922 ANd C. polypus, ARe fOUNd IN The EASTeRN PACIfIC (IN ChIle ANd PANAmA, ReSpeCTIVelY). GUSmãO (2010) meNTIONed ThAT C. polypus IS fOUNd beTWeeN 0–81 meTeRS deep; hOWeVeR, beCAUSe C. valdiviae IS fOUNd Up TO 638 meTeRS deep ANd IS CONSIdeRed A SYNONYmY Of C. polypus, We CONSIdeR The bAThYmeTRIC RANge Of C. polypus TO eXTeNd TO beTWeeN 0–638 meTeRS. The STUdIed mATeRIAl AgReeS Well WITh pReVIOUS deSCRIpTIONS Of The SpeCIeS. CARlgReN (1951) Re-deSCRIbed C. variegata (= C. polypus ACCORdINg TO GUSmãO (2010)) bUT dId NOT pROVIde The TYpeS Of CNIdAe IN The ACTINOphARYNX; hOWeVeR, The CNIdAe AgRee Well WITh The SIZe RANge Of The bASITRIChS Of GUSmãO (2010) ANd The pReSeNT STUdY (TAble 10). We dId NOT fINd p -mASTIgOphOReS B1 IN The COlUmN RepORTed bY GUSmãO (2010) (TAble 10). We COUld NOT fINd The SIXTh CYCle Of meSeNTeRIeS IN The dISTAl COlUmN Of The SpeCImeNS eXAmINed; hOWeVeR, beCAUSe The NUmbeR Of meSeNTeRIeS IS RelATed TO The CYCleS Of meSeNTeRIeS (STepheNSON 1928), dUe TO The NUmbeR Of TeNTACleS (Up TO 300) fOUNd, TheRe hAS TO be A SIXTh CYCle dISTAllY. IN LA PAZ BAY SpeCImeNS Of C. polypus ARe fOUNd IN SYmbIOSIS WITh heRmIT CRAbS OR lIVINg SOlITARIlY, ATTAChed TO ROCkS OR empTY ShellS. The ThRee SpeCImeNS COlleCTed IN The INTeRTIdAl Of The ROCkY ShORe WeRe fOUNd STRONglY ATTAChed TO ROCkS WheReAS The OTheR SeVeN SpeCImeNS fOUNd AT 20 meTeRS WeRe lIVINg IN SYmbIOSIS ATTAChed TO ShellS hOUSINg A heRmIT CRAb. We NOTICed ThAT The INTeNSITY Of AdheSION Of SpeCImeNS IS STRONgeR IN SOlITARY ThAN IN SYmbIOTIC SpeCImeNS. WheN dISTURbed SpeCImeNS Of ThIS SpeCIeS ejeCT flUOReSCeNT pINk ACONTIA.
description: Published as part of Barragán, Yamaly, Sánchez, Carlos & Rodríguez, Estefanía, 2019, First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from La Paz Bay, southern Gulf of California (Mexico), pp. 501-549 in Zootaxa 4559 (3) on pages 540-543, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2627177