cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Turbulence in a 3D deflagration model for type Ia SNe: II. Intermittency and the deflagration-to-detonation transition probability
Creators: name: Schmidt, W.
name: Ciaraldi-Schoolmann, F.
name: Niemeyer, J. C.
name: Roepke, F. K.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The delayed detonation model describes the observational properties of the majority of type Ia supernovae very well. Using numerical data from a three-dimensional deflagration model for type Ia supernovae, the intermittency of the turbulent velocity field and its implications on the probability of a deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) transition are investigated. From structure functions of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, we determine intermittency parameters based on the log-normal and the log-Poisson models. On the other hand, the analysis of the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the flame front by Roepke suggests a much higher probability of large velocity fluctuations on the grid scale in comparison to the log-normal intermittency model. Following Pan et al., we computed probability density functions for a DDT for the different distributions. Assuming that a DDT can occur in the stirred flame regime, as proposed by Woosley et al., the log-normal model would imply a delayed detonation between 0.7 and 0.8 seconds after the beginning of the deflagration phase for the multi-spot ignition scenario used in the simulation. However, the probability drops to virtually zero if a DDT is further constrained by the requirement that the turbulent velocity fluctuations reach about 500 km/s. Under this condition, delayed detonations are only possible if the distribution of the velocity fluctuations is not log-normal. From our calculations follows that the distribution obtained by Roepke allow for multiple DDTs around 0.8 seconds after ignition at a transition density close to 1x10^7 g/cm^3.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Ajuhaiguste põhjustatud tervisekadu
Creators: name: Asser, Toomas
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: ajuhaigused, dementsus, haiguskoormus

description: Ajuhaigused on mõiste, mis hõlmab kesk-  ja perifeerse närvisüsteemi  traditsioonilisi  neuroloogilisi,  neurokirurgilisi  ja  psühhiaatrilisi  haigusi.  Erinevalt  teistest  haigusgruppidest  on  ajuhaigustel  väga  oluline  psühhosotsiaalne  dimensioon.  Hiljuti avaldatud  andmed  Euroopa  riikide  kohta  näitavad  ajuhaiguste  suurt  osakaalu  kogu haiguskoormuses. Eestis on rahvastiku vaimne tervis aga paljuski halvemas seisus kui teistes  Lääne-  ja  Põhja-Euroopa  riikides.  Ajuhaigustest  tingitud  koormuse  analüüs võimaldab osutada rahvatervise probleemkohtadele.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004
The radio dichotomy of active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Xiao, Hubing
name: Zhu, Jingtian
name: Fu, Liping
name: Zhang, Shaohua
name: Fan, Junhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of radio dichotomy in the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still in debate even it has been proposed for more than forty years. In order to solve the old riddle, we collect a sample of AGNs with optical $B$ band and radio 6cm wavelength data to analyze the radio loudness ${\rm log}R$. Our results indicate a separation of ${\rm log}R = \langle 1.37 \pm 0.02 \rangle$ between radio-loud (RL) AGNs and radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs, suggest the existence of an RL/RQ dichotomy. For the first time, we suggest combining radio luminosity and radio loudness as a double-criterion to divide AGNs into RLs and RQs to avoid misclassification problems that may happen in the single-criterion scenario, we propose the double-criterion dividing line ${\rm log}L_{\rm 6cm} = -2.7{\rm log}R +44.3$ by using a machine learning method. In addition, the key point of the RL/RQ dichotomy is the origin of radio emission for the two classes, we suggest the radio emission from RLs and RQs share the same origin, e.g. jets and mini-jets (aborted-jet or outflow), through a correlation study between radio 6cm luminosity and optical $B$ band luminosity.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Published in PASJ
Optical analysis of spherical mirrors of telescopes: the lens-less Schmidt case
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Paolo Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light distribution on the focal surface of spheric mirrors designed for telescopes in the lens-less Schmidt configuration is calculated analytically using geometrical optics. This analysis was motivated by considerations of the design the design of the AUGER fluorescence detector. Its geometrical parameters are used in the examples.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
The Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on the Increase of Self-Esteem of Afghan Refugee Students
Creators: name: Amiri, Maryam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Communication skills, Self - Steem

description: The Study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on the increase of self-steem Afghan refugee high scool sudents. The method used qusi-experimental pre-post testing on the control group.The study population included Afghan female students of the second course of narjes high school in Bagher Shahr in the second academic semester of 7931-39. A total of 93 individuals, who had earned the lowest score in Copper-smith Self – Steem Inventory(7391) were randomly assigned into a control group(n=71) and an experimental group(n=71). Communication skills were presented to the experimental group in ten 33-minutes weekly sessions. After the training, both the control and experimental group were post – tested. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. The result show that communication skills training has an impact on the increase of self–steem in Afghan refugee high school students.
title: Study of the Impact of a Telematics System on Safe and Fuel-Efficient Driving in Trucks [Technology Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89698
subject: Telematics
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91993
subject: Motor carriers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93274
subject: Heavy duty vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91363
subject: Fuel conservation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91748
subject: Truck drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91863
subject: Behavior
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90602
subject: Highway safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97423
subject: Field studies

description: Transportation and logistics companies increasingly

rely on modern technologies and in-vehicle tools

(also known as telematics systems) to optimize their

truck fleet operations. Telematics is technology that

combines telecommunications (i.e., the transmission

of data from on-board vehicle sensors) and global

positioning system (GPS) information (i.e., time and

location) to monitor driver and vehicle performance.

These technologies are sometimes combined with

specialized driver interventions in the forms of

feedback, training, and/or incentive programs that

can improve truck fleet management and reinforce

safe and fuel-efficient driving behavior. Driver

behavior is by far the largest single contributor to

improving fuel efficiency. There can be as much as

a 35-percent difference in fuel consumption between

a good driver and a poor driver. Therefore,

improving fuel efficiency by encouraging improved

driving habits is one of the most promising

measures to reduce fleet operation costs. Because

fuel costs account for a significant portion of overall

motor carrier operating costs, technologies that

reduce fuel consumption and encourage responsible

driving behavior have tremendous potential.
Characterising abundance-age relations of GALAH stars using oxygen-enhanced stellar models
Creators: name: Sun, Tiancheng
name: Chen, Xunzhou
name: Bi, Shaolan
name: Ge, Zhishuai
name: Xiang, Maosheng
name: Wu, Yaqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Main Sequence Turn-off stars (MSTO) and subgiant stars are good tracers of galactic populations. We present a study of 41,034 MSTO and subgiant stars from the GALAH survey. Using a grid of stellar models that accounts for the variation of O abundances, we determine their ages with a median age uncertainty of $\sim$9.4 per cent. Our analysis reveals that the ages of high-O stars based on O-enhanced models (OEM models) are smaller than those determined with $α$-enhanced models, resulting in a mean fractional age difference of -5.3 per cent at [O/$α$] = 0.2 and -11.0 per cent at [O/$α$] = 0.4. This age difference significantly impacts the age distribution of thick disc and halo stars, leading to a steeper downward trend in the [Fe/H]-age plane from 8 Gyr to 14 Gyr, indicating a shorter formation time-scale and a faster chemical-enhanced history for these populations. We confirm the V-shape of the normalized age-metallicity distribution $p$($τ$$\mid$[Fe/H]) of thin disc stars, which is presumably a consequence of the second gas infall. Additionally, we find that the halo stars in our sample can be divided into two sequences, a metal-rich sequence (Splash stars) and a metal-poor sequence (accreted stars), with the Splash stars predominantly older than 9 Gyr and the accreted halo stars older than 10 Gyr. Finally, we observe two distinct sequences in the relations between various chemical abundances and age for disc stars, namely a young sequence with ages $<$ $\sim$8 Gyr and an old sequence with ages $>$ $\sim$8 Gyr.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Une kvaliteet ja sagedasemad unehäired arstiteaduskonna üliõpilastel
Creators: name: Aluoja, Anu
name: Veldi, Marlit
name: Vasar, Veiko
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004

description: Töö  kajastab  üht  osa  unehäirete  epidemioloogilisest  uuringust,  kus  on  püütud  välja selgitada  olulisemate  unehäirete  esinemissagedus  Eesti  noorte  inimeste  seas.  413 uuritust hindas oma une kvaliteeti heaks või pigem heaks 69,2%  (286);  rahuldavaks 23,7%  (98) ning pigem halvaks või halvaks 7,0%  (29). Uuritute halba  unekvaliteeti iseloomustasid  peamiselt  uinumisraskused,  sagedased  öised ärkamised  ja  päevane unisus, mis on insomnia sagedasemad tunnused.
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2004
Evolution of pairing from weak to strong coupling on a honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Su, Shi-Quan
name: Tam, Ka-Ming
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the pairing from weak to strong coupling on a honeycomb lattice by Quantum Monte Carlo. We show numerical evidence of the BCS-BEC crossover as the coupling strength increases on a honeycomb lattice with small fermi surface by measuring a wide range of observables: double occupancy, spin susceptibility, local pair correlation, and kinetic energy. Although at low energy, the model sustains Dirac fermions, we do not find significant qualitative difference in the BCS-BEC crossover as compared to those with an extended Fermi surface, except at weak coupling, BCS regime.
description: 5 pages
Towards the optimal beam dump experiment to search for feebly interacting particles
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Mikulenko, Oleksii
name: Jacobsson, Richard
name: Ovchynnikov, Maksym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model are without doubt in need of a diverse approach and experiments with complementary sensitivities to different types of classes of models. One of the directions that should be explored is feebly interacting particles (FIPs) with masses below the electroweak scale. The interest in FIPs has significantly increased in the last ten years. Searches for FIPs at colliders have intrinsic limitations in the region they may probe, significantly restricting exploration of the mass range $m_{\text{FIP}} < 5-10$\,GeV/c$^2$. Beam dump-like experiments, characterized by the possibility of extremely high luminosity at relatively high energies and the effective coverage of the production and decay acceptance, are the perfect option to generically explore the ``coupling frontier'' of the light FIPs. Several proposals for beam-dump detectors are currently being considered by CERN for implementation at the SPS ECN3 beam facility. In this we paper we analyse in depth how the characteristic geometric parameters of a beam dump experiment influence the signal yield. We apply an inclusive approach by considering the phenomenology of different types of FIPs. From the various production modes and kinematics, we demonstrate that the optimal layout that maximises the production and decay acceptance consists of a detector located on the beam-axis, at the shortest possible distance from the target defined by the systems required to suppress the beam-induced backgrounds.
description: v2: matches the version accepted by EPJC
title: An Economic Study of Alternative Methods of Obtaining Dairy Herd Replacements in Northern Utah, 1961
Creators: name: McArthur, J'Wayne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1962

description: Dairying ranked second in producing farm income in the state of Utah in 1929 (II) . Twenty-two and two tenths percent of cash receipts from the sale of agricultural products came from dairying. Beef enterprises were the only larger source of farm income in the state, with 24.7 per cent of the total cash receipts. Because of the importance of dairying in the state, much work has been done to provide dairymen with information that will enable them to obtain a higher net return from dairying.
Õlavarrelt vererõhu mõõtmise protseduuri mõju keskmisele arteriaalsele  rõhule hüpertoonikutel ja normotoonikutel
Creators: name: Jagomägi, Kersti
name: Viigimaa, Margus
name: Raamat, Rein
name: Ragun, Ulvi
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: arteriaalne hüpertensioon, vererõhu mõõtmine, valge kitli fenomen

description: Arteriaalse  vererõhu  väärtus  muutub  ajas  väga  kiiresti, mistõttu  on oluline  vererõhu korrektne  mõõtmine,  et  teha  õigeid  otsuseid  antihüpertensiivse  ravi  alustamise vajalikkuse  kohta.  Vererõhu  pidev  mitteinvasiivne  registreerimine  iga  südametsükli kohta  annab  võimaluse  jälgida  kiireid muutusi  keskmises vererõhus ja pulsisageduses. Selles  töös  on  uuritud  vererõhu  mõõtmise protseduuri  mõju  mõõdetavale  vererõhu väärtusele  ning  pulsisagedusele  nii  hüpertoonikutel  kui  ka  normotoonikutel.  Oluline
süstoolse  ja  diastoolse  vererõhu  väärtuse  langus  nii normotoonikutel  kui  ka hüpertoonikutel  uuringu  käigus  rahuoleku  ajal  näitab,  et  korrektsele  vererõhu mõõtmisele  peab  eriti  tähelepanu  pöörama  piiripealse  ning  kerge  hüpertensiooni diagnoosi püstitamisel.
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2004
A Geometric Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch in the Milky Way using Gaia DR3
Creators: name: Dixon, M.
name: Mould, J.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Taylor, E. N.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Duffy, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the latest parallaxes measurements from Gaia DR3 to obtain a geometric calibration of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in Cousins $I$ magnitudes as a standard candle for cosmology. We utilise the following surveys: SkyMapper DR3, APASS DR9, ATLAS Refcat2, and Gaia DR3 synthetic photometry to obtain multiple zero-point calibrations of the TRGB magnitude, $M_{I}^{TRGB}$. Our sample contains Milky Way halo stars at high galactic latitudes ($|b| > 36$) where the impact of metallicity, dust, and crowding are minimised. The magnitude of the TRGB is identified using Sobel edge detection, but this approach introduced a systematic offset. To address this issue, we utilised simulations with PARSEC isochrones and showed how to calibrate and remove this bias. Applying our method within the colour range where the slope of the TRGB is relatively flat for metal-poor halo stars (1.55 $<$ $(BP-RP)$ $<$ 2.25), we find a weighted average $M_{I}^{TRGB} = -4.042 \pm 0.041$ (stat) $\pm0.031$ (sys) mag. A geometric calibration of the Milky Way TRGB has the benefit of being independent of other distance indicators and will help probe systematics in the local distance ladder, leading to improved measurements of the Hubble constant.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: The Effect of Decomposing Organic Matter on Zinc Level in Soil and Plants
Creators: name: Shoukry, Kamilia Shoukry Mohamed
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: That proportion of the total zinc (Zn) in the soil that is available to plants is variable, and little is known about the various forms of Zn or even the extent to which it occurs. Because of the complexity of the problem, most workers have approached the problem of availability of Zn to plants from the opposite point of view, that is, the forms in which the added or available Zn becomes unavailable.
Sub-terahertz, microwaves and high energy emissions during the December 6, 2006 flare, at 18:40 UT
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Pierre
name: Trottet, Gerard
name: de Castro, C. Guillermo Gimenez
name: Raulin, Jean-Pierre
name: Krucker, Sam
name: Shih, Albert Y.
name: Levato, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of a solar burst spectral component with flux density increasing with frequency in the sub-terahertz range, spectrally separated from the well-known microwave spectral component, bring new possibilities to explore the flaring physical processes, both observational and theoretical. The solar event of 6 December 2006, starting at about 18:30 UT, exhibited a particularly well-defined double spectral structure, with the sub-THz spectral component detected at 212 and 405 GHz by SST and microwaves (1-18 GHz) observed by the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA). Emissions obtained by instruments in satellites are discussed with emphasis to ultra-violet (UV) obtained by the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE), soft X-rays from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and X- and gamma-rays from the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The sub-THz impulsive component had its closer temporal counterpart only in the higher energy X- and gamma-rays ranges. The spatial positions of the centers of emission at 212 GHz for the first flux enhancement were clearly displaced by more than one arc-minute from positions at the following phases. The observed sub-THz fluxes and burst source plasma parameters were found difficult to be reconciled to a purely thermal emission component. We discuss possible mechanisms to explain the double spectral components at microwaves and in the THz ranges.
description: Accepted version for publication in Solar Physics
Constraining beyond the Standard Model nucleon isovector charges
Creators: name: Smail, R. E.
name: Batelaan, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Stüben, H.
name: Young, R. D.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the TeV scale, low-energy precision observations of neutron characteristics provide unique probes of novel physics. Precision studies of neutron decay observables are susceptible to beyond the Standard Model (BSM) tensor and scalar interactions, while the neutron electric dipole moment, $d_n$, also has high sensitivity to new BSM CP-violating interactions. To fully utilise the potential of future experimental neutron physics programs, matrix elements of appropriate low-energy effective operators within neutron states must be precisely calculated. We present results from the QCDSF/UKQCD/CSSM collaboration for the isovector charges $g_T,~g_A$ and $g_S$ of the nucleon, $Σ$ and $Ξ$ baryons using lattice QCD methods and the Feynman-Hellmann theorem. We use a flavour symmetry breaking method to systematically approach the physical quark mass using ensembles that span five lattice spacings and multiple volumes. We extend this existing flavour breaking expansion to also account for lattice spacing and finite volume effects in order to quantify all systematic uncertainties. Our final estimates of the nucleon isovector charges are $g_T~=~1.010(21)_{\text{stat}}(12)_{\text{sys}},~g_A=1.253(63)_{\text{stat}}(41)_{\text{sys}}$ and $g_S~=~1.08(21)_{\text{stat}}(03)_{\text{sys}}$ renormalised, where appropriate, at $μ=2~\text{GeV}$ in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 10 tables
Quadrature skyrmions in two-dimensionally arrayed parametric resonators
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Hiroshi
name: Hatanaka, Daiki
name: Asano, Motoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions are topological solitons in two-dimensional systems and have been observed in various physical systems. Generating and controlling skyrmions in artificial resonator arrays lead to novel acoustic, photonic, and electric devices, but it is a challenge to implement a vector variable with the chiral exchange interaction. Here, we propose to use quadrature variables, where their parametric coupling enables skyrmions to be stabilized. A finite-element simulation indicates that a acoustic skyrmion would exist in a realistic structure consisting of a piezoelectric membrane array.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
Optimizing persistent currents in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate using machine learning
Creators: name: Simjanovski, Simeon
name: Gauthier, Guillaume
name: Davis, Matthew J.
name: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
name: Neely, Tyler W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method for generating persistent currents in Bose-Einstein condensates by using a Gaussian process learner to experimentally control the stirring of the superfluid. The learner optimizes four different outcomes of the stirring process: (O.I) targeting and (O.II) maximization of the persistent current winding number; and (O.III) targeting and (O.IV) maximization with time constraints. The learner optimizations are determined based on the achieved winding number and the number of spurious vortices introduced by stirring. We find that the learner is successful in optimizing the stirring protocols, although the optimal stirring profiles vary significantly depending strongly on the choice of cost function and scenario. These results suggest that stirring is robust and persistent currents can be reliably generated through a variety of stirring approaches.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Metronidasooli kontsentratsioon septilises šokis olevate patsientide vereplasmas ja lihaskoes
Creators: name: Starkopf, Joel
name: Karjagin, Juri
name: Pähkla, Rein
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: septiline šokk, mikrodialüüs, metronidasool, lihaskude

description: Antibiootikumidel,  sh  metronidasoolil,  on  oluline  koht  sepsise  ravis.  Samas  ei  ole  enamiku  preparaatide  kohta  teada,  kas  septilise  šoki  puhul  jõuab  ravim  piisavas  kontsentratsioonis toimekohani,  s.t  interstitsiaalruumi.  Rakkudevahelise  ruumi  koostist  võimaldab  hinnata mikrodialüüs.
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2004
Flux-induced midgap states between strain-engineered flat bands
Creators: name: Nguyen, Dung Xuan
name: Arkinstall, Jake
name: Schomerus, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Half-integer quantized flux vortices appear in honeycomb lattices when the signs of an odd number of couplings around a plaquette are inverted. We show that states trapped at these vortices can be isolated by applying inhomogeneous strain to the system. A vortex then results in localized mid-gap states lying between the strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels, with $2n+1$ midgap states appearing between the $n$th and the $n+1$st level. These states are well-defined spectrally isolated and spatially localized excitations that could be realized in electronic and photonic systems based on graphene-like honeycomb lattices. In the context of Kitaev's honeycomb model of interacting spins, the mechanism improves the localization of non-Abelian anyons in the spin-liquid phase, and reduces their mutual interactions. The described states also serve as a testbed for fundamental physics in the emerging low-energy theory, as the correct energies and degeneracies of the excitations are only replicated if one accounts for the effective hyperbolic geometric induced by the strain. We further illuminate this by considering the effects of an additional external magnetic field, resulting in a characteristic spatial dependence that directly maps out the inhomogeneous metric of the emerging hyperbolic space.
description: 17 pages with Appendix, 14 Figures. Comments are welcome!
Non-equilibrium magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetically coupled Kondo spins
Creators: name: Hackl, Andreas
name: Kehrein, Stefan
name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical description of non-equilibrium phenomena in interacting quantum systems is rarely possible. Here we present one example where such a description can be achieved, namely the ferromagnetic Kondo model. In equilibrium, this model is tractable via perturbative renormalization-group techniques. We employ a recently developed extension of the flow-equation method to calculate the non-equilibrium decay of the local magnetization at zero temperature. The flow equations admit analytical solutions which become exact at short and long times, in the latter case revealing that the system always retains a memory of its initial state.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Probing $z \gtrsim 6$ massive black holes with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Srija
name: Gallerani, Simona
name: Zana, Tommaso
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Valentini, Milena
name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
name: Di Mascia, Fabio
name: Vito, Fabio
name: Barai, Paramita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the coalescence of massive black hole ($M_{\rm BH}\gtrsim 10^{6}~\rm M_{\odot}$) binaries (MBHBs) at $63 σ$) overdense regions ($M_h\sim 10^{12}~\rm M_{\odot}$ dark matter halos at $z = 6$) of the Universe. We first analyse the impact of different resolutions and AGN feedback prescriptions on the merger rate, assuming instantaneous mergers. Then, we compute the halo bias correction factor due to the overdense simulated region. Our simulations predict merger rates that range between 3 - 15 $\rm yr^{-1}$ at $z\sim 6$, depending on the run considered, and after correcting for a bias factor of $\sim 20-30$. For our fiducial model, we further consider the effect of delay in the MBHB coalescence due to dynamical friction. We find that 83 per cent of MBHBs will merge within the Hubble time, and 21 per cent within 1 Gyr, namely the age of the Universe at $z > 6$. We finally compute the expected properties of the gravitational wave (GW) signals and find the fraction of LISA detectable events with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR $>$ 5) to range between 66-69 per cent. However, identifying the electro-magnetic counterpart of these events remains challenging due to the poor LISA sky localization that, for the loudest signals ($\mathcal M_c\sim 10^6~\rm M_{\odot}$ at $z=6$), is around 10 $\rm deg^2$.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
An evaluation of Perry's neighbourhood unit concept : a case study in the Renfrew Heights area of Vancouver, B.C.
Creators: name: Wang, Chi-Chang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this thesis is to attempt to validate the pre-supposed hypothesis, that 'The application of Perry's neighbourhood unit theory and its scheme in Vancouver is successful in its physical aspect and is not successful in its social aspect'. The study program includes the following eight steps: 1. Reviewing the historical aspect of Perry's theory. 2. Describing Perry's theory and its scheme and defining its goal. 3. Summarizing the ramifications of its application. 4. Examining the main criticisms of Perry's theory. 5. Analyzing and evaluating Perry's theory in detail. 6. Surveying the Renfrew Heights area in Vancouver, B.C. 7. Inducting and interpreting the survey findings. 8. From the findings, evaluating the hypothesis. Through this program, the first five steps have helped the writer to have a deeper understanding of Perry's theory. From the final three steps it is concluded that the hypothesis is valid. From the whole study it is concluded that Perry's neighbourhood unit theory and its scheme are still useful. The basis for this conclusion is not because of the goal of Perry's theory, but because the theory provides maximum possible facilities in a residential area with its self-contained character. Finally it is concluded that the successful application of a theory is critical, and the failure of its application does not reduce the value of the theory.
title: Advanced Sensors and Applications: Commercial Motor Vehicle Tire Pressure Monitoring and Maintenance [Technology Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91993
subject: Motor carriers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89529
subject: Tire pressure monitoring systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88686
subject: Benefit cost analysis
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90346
subject: Field tests
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91363
subject: Fuel conservation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88310
subject: Fleet management
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89788
subject: Life cycle costing

description: Tire pressure monitoring and automatic tire inflation technologies show significant promise for improving safety and reducing costs in the commercial vehicle industry. Improved tire pressure management directly relates to improved vehicle stability, reduced tire wear and damage, better braking, improved fuel efficiency, and fewer roadside breakdowns. Improved tire pressure maintenance and general tire management can have a direct and substantial impact on carrier productivity as it relates to downtime and road calls.

This study consisted of a field test on two tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMSs) and an automatic tire inflation system (ATIS). The goal was to determine whether these systems could influence maintenance intervals and practices and improve performance and safety.
Juveniilne idiopaatiline artriit Eesti lastel
Creators: name: Pruunsild, Chris
name: Liivamägi, Hille
name: Uibo, Karin
name: Tarraste, Sirje
name: Talvik, Tiina
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: juveniilne idiopaatiline artriit, esmashaigestumus, kliinilised alatüübid

description: Juveniilne  idiopaatiline  artriit  (JIA)  on  lapseeas  kõige  sagedamini  esinev  süsteemne sidekoehaigus. Haigusel on 7 kliinilist alatüüpi. Epidemioloogiliste uuringute andmetel kõigub  juveniilse  artriidi  esmashaigestumuse  näitaja  0,8–22,6  juhuni  100 000  kuni 16aastase  lapse  kohta.
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2004
Noether Symmetries and Anisotropic Universe in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Gul, M. Zeeshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores exact cosmological solutions of anisotropic universe model through Noether symmetry technique in energy-momentum squared gravity. This theory resolves the primordial singularity and provides viable cosmological consequences in the early universe. We consider specific models of this theory and evaluate Noether equations, symmetry generators and corresponding conserved parameters. We then find exact solutions through conserved parameters and analyze their graphical behavior for different cosmological parameters. It is found that the behavior of these parameters is consistent with recent observations indicating that this theory supports current cosmic accelerated expansion. We conclude that conserved parameters are very helpful to obtain exact cosmological solutions.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Isotropic stellar model in mimetic theory
Creators: name: Nashed, G. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how to derive an isotropic stellar model in the framework of mimetic gravitational theory. Recently, this theory has gained big interest due to its difference from Einstein's general relativity (GR), especially in the domain non-vacuum solutions. In this regard, we apply the field equation of mimetic gravitational theory to a spherically symmetric ansatz and obtain an over determined system of non-linear differential equations in which differential equations are less than the unknown functions. To overcome the over determined system we suppose a specific form of the temporal component of the metric potential, $g_{tt}$, and assume the vanishing of the anisotropic condition to derive the form of the spatial component of the metric, $g_{rr}$. In this regard, we discuss the possibility to derive a stellar isotropic model that is in agreement with observed pulsars. To examine the stability of the isotropic model we use the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation and the adiabatic index. Furthermore, we assess the model's validity by evaluating its compatibility with a broad range of observed pulsar masses and radii. We demonstrate that the model provides a good fit to these observations.
description: 13 pages, four figures and two tables
Second-order matter perturbations in a LambdaCDM cosmology and non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Bartolo, N.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Pantano, O.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain exact expressions for the effect of primordial non-Gaussianity on the matter density perturbation up to second order in a LambdaCDM cosmology, fully accounting for the general relativistic corrections arising on scales comparable with the Hubble radius. We present our results both in the Poisson gauge and in the comoving and synchronous gauge, which are relevant for comparison to different cosmological observables.
description: 15 pages. LaTeX file. Invited article for CQG issue on non-linear cosmology
Scintillation Arc from FRB 20220912A
Creators: name: Wu, Zi-Wei
name: Main, Robert A.
name: Zhu, Wei-Wei
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Niu, Jia-Rui
name: Han, Jin-Lin
name: Li, Di
name: Lee, Ke-Jia
name: Li, Dong-Zi
name: Yang, Yuan-Pei
name: Wang, Fa-Yin
name: Luo, Rui
name: Wang, Pei
name: Niu, Chen-Hui
name: Xu, Heng
name: Wang, Bo-Jun
name: Wang, Wei-Yang
name: Zhang, Yong-Kun
name: Feng, Yi
name: Zhou, De-Jiang
name: Xu, Yong-Hua
name: Deng, Can-Min
name: Zhu, Yu-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the interstellar scintillation analysis of fast radio burst (FRB) 20220912A during its extremely active episode in 2022 using data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). We detect a scintillation arc in the FRB's secondary spectrum, which describes the power in terms of the scattered FRB signals' time delay and Doppler shift. The arc indicates that the scintillation is caused by a highly localized region of the ionized interstellar medium (IISM). Our analysis favors a Milky Way origin for the localized scattering medium but cannot rule out a host galaxy origin. We present our method for detecting the scintillation arc, which can be applied generally to sources with irregularly spaced bursts or pulses. These methods could help shed light on the complex interstellar environment surrounding the FRBs and in our Galaxy.
description: SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy , Volume 67, Issue 1: 219512 (2024)
title: Models and Solution Algorithms for Asymmetric Traffic and Transit Assignment Problems
Creators: name: Yook, Donghyung
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: Modeling the transportation system is important because it provides a “common ground” for discussing policy and examining the future transportation plan required in practices. Generally, modeling is a simplified representation of the real world; however, this research added value to the modeling practice by investigating the asymmetric interactions observed in the real world in order to explore potential improvements of the transportation modeling.
The Asymmetric Transportation Equilibrium Problem (ATEP) is designed to precisely model actual transportation systems by considering asymmetric interactions of flows. The enhanced representation of the transportation system by the ATEP is promising because there are various asymmetric interactions in real transportation such as intersections, highway ramps, and toll roads and in the structure of the transit fares.
This dissertation characterizes the ATEP with an appropriate solution algorithm and its applications. First, the research investigates the factors affecting the convergence of the ATEP. The double projection method is applied to various asymmetric types and complexities in the different sizes of networks in order to identify the influential factors including demand intensities, network configuration, route composition between modes, and sensitivity of the cost function. Secondly, the research develops an enhancement strategy for improvement in computational speed for the double projection method. The structural characteristics of the ATEP are used to develop the convergence enhancement strategy that significantly reduces the computational burdens.
For the application side, instances of asymmetric interactions observed in in-vehicle crowding and the transit fare structure are modeled to provide a suggestion on policy approach for a transit agency. The direct application of the crowding model into the real network indicates that crowd modeling with multi user classes could influence the public transportation system planning and the revenue achievement of transit agencies. Moreover, addition of the disutility factor, crowding, not always causes the increase of disutility from the transit uses. The application of the non-additive fare structure in the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) network addresses the potential of the distance-based fare structure should the UTA make a transition to this fare structure from their current fare model. The analysis finds that the zero base fare has the highest potential for increasing the transit demand. However, collecting less than $0.50 with a certain buffer distance for the first boarding has potential for attracting the users to UTA's transit market upon the fare structure change.
title: Structure and Multi-Center Bonding: From Atomic Clusters to Solid Phase Materials
Creators: name: Galeev, Timur R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The work presented in this dissertation has been focused on structure, stability, electronic properties, and chemical bonding of atomic clusters and solid-state compounds. The common thread was development of chemically intuitive models and theoretical methods capable of describing and interpreting bonding and hence, structures of these compounds. Understanding how interactions between atoms in sub-nano clusters and solid-state compounds of certain compositions determine their structures, physical properties, and reactivities is essential for rational design of new materials, catalysts, and molecular devices. A significant part of this work presents joint experimental and theoretical studies of doped boron clusters. Several projects on carbon- and aluminum-substituted boron clusters were aimed at establishing their structures, energetic and electronic properties, and understanding bonding interactions. The dissertation introduces a series of peculiar clusters containing transition metal atoms inside perfectly symmetrical boron rings. These clusters, featuring planar octa-, nona-, and decacoordinated transition metal atoms, were designed based on a simple chemical bonding model governing stabilities of such species. One of the most important parts of this dissertation deals with chemical bonding in the solid state. The Adaptive Natural Density Partitioning method previously developed by the Boldyrev group at Utah State University has proven very efficient for understanding chemical bonding in clusters and complex molecules. In this work, a periodic implementation of this method has been developed, yielding a new theoretical tool capable of interpretation of bonding in solid state in chemically intuitive terms of localized and multi-center bonds.
Shape Selection in Diffusive Growth of Colloids and Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Gorshkov, Vyacheslav
name: Zavalov, Alexandr
name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report numerical investigations of a three-dimensional model of diffusive growth of fine particles, the internal structure of which corresponds to different crystal lattices. A growing cluster (particle) is immersed in, and exchanges monomer building blocks with a surrounding medium of diffusing (off-lattice) monomers. On-surface dynamics of the latter is accounted for by allowing, in addition to detachment, monomer motion to the neighboring vacant crystal sites, according to probabilistic rules mimicking local thermalization. The key new feature of our model is the focus on the growth of a single cluster, emerging as a crystalline core, without development of defects that can control large-scale growth modes. This single, defect-free core growth is imposed by the specific dynamical rules assumed. Our results offer a possible explanation of the experimentally observed shape uniformity, i.e., fixed, approximately even-sized proportions, in synthesis of uniform colloids and nanoparticles. We demonstrate the basic principles of well-defined particle shape emergence in such growth. Specifically, several shapes are possible for a given crystal structure. Formation of shapes that follow the crystal symmetry and are uniform, can be a result of the nonequilibrium nature of the growth process. The shape of a growing particle can be controlled by varying the relative rates of kinetic processes, as well as by adjusting the concentration of monomers in the surrounding medium.
description: PDF, 37 pages, 16 figures
Elanike rahulolu üldarstiabi korraldusega 2002. aastal
Creators: name: Põlluste, Kaja
name: Lember, Margus
name: Kalda, Ruth
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: üldarstiabi, muudatused, hinnang üldarstiabi korraldusele, elanike rahulolu, perearstid

description: Töö  eesmärgiks  oli  selgitada  Eesti  elanike  rahulolu  üldarstiabi  korraldusega  ja  hinnata  toimunud muutusi  võrreldes  1998. aasta  küsitluse  tulemustega. Viimase  viie  aasta  jooksul  on  ambulatoorsete  arstikülastuste keskmine  arv ühe  inimese kohta jäänud  samaks, kuid oluliselt on  suurenenud  perearsti  poole  pöördunute  osatähtsus.  Enamikul  Eesti  inimestest  on  olnud isiklik  kokkupuude  esmatasandi  arstiga.
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2004