cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Rigorous Statistical Assessment of Recent Trends in Intensity of Heavy Precipitation Over Germany
Creators: name: Passow, Christian
name: Donner, Reik V.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: climate change
subject: extreme value statistics
subject: heavy precipitation
subject: quantile regression
subject: time series analysis
subject: 333,7

description: Comprehensive and robust statistical estimates of trends during heavy precipitation events are essential in understanding the impact of past and future climate changes in the hydrological cycle. However, methods commonly used in extreme value statistics (EVS) are often unable to detect significant trends, because of their methodologically motivated reduction of the sample size and strong assumptions regarding the underlying distribution. Here, we propose linear quantile regression (QR) as a complementary and robust alternative to estimating trends in heavy precipitation events. QR does not require any assumptions on the underlying distribution and is also able to estimate trends for the full span of the distribution without any reduction of the available data. As an example, we study here a very dense and homogenized data set of daily precipitation amounts over Germany for the period between 1951 and 2006 to compare the results of QR and the so-called block maxima approach, a classical method in EVS. Both methods indicate an overall increase in the intensity of heavy precipitation events. The strongest trends can be found in regions with an elevation of about 500 m above sea level. In turn, larger spatial clusters of moderate or even decreasing trends can only be found in Northeastern Germany. In conclusion, both methods show comparable results. QR, however, allows for a more flexible and comprehensive study of precipitation events. © Copyright © 2019 Passow and Donner.
Integer and fractionalized vortex lattices and off-diagonal long-range order
Creators: name: Rampp, Michael A.
name: Schmalian, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the implication of off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) for inhomogeneous periodic field configurations and multi-component order parameters. For single component order parameters we show that the only static, periodic field configuration consistent with ODLRO is a vortex lattice with integer flux in units of the flux quantum in each unit cell. For a superconductor with $g$ degenerate components, fractional vortices are allowed. Depending on the precise order-parameter manifold, they tend to occur in units of $1/g$ of the flux quantum. These results are well known to emerge from the Ginzburg-Landau or BCS theories of superconductivity. Our results imply that they are valid even if these theories no-longer apply. Integer and fractional vortex lattices are transparently seen to emerge as a consequence of the macroscopic coherence and single valuedness of the condensate.
description: Accepted to Journal of Physics Communications 8 pages, 2 figures
Eikonal equations and pathwise solutions to fully non-linear SPDEs
Creators: name: Friz, Peter K.
name: Gassiat, Paul
name: Lions, Pierre-Louis
name: Souganidis, Panagiotis E.
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Eikonal equations
subject: Fully non-linear stochastic partial differential equations
subject: Pathwise stability
subject: Rough paths
subject: 510

description: We study the existence and uniqueness of the stochastic viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear, possibly degenerate, second order stochastic pde with quadratic Hamiltonians associated to a Riemannian geometry. The results are new and extend the class of equations studied so far by the last two authors.
Effects of orientational order on modulated cylindrical interfaces
Creators: name: Klebes, Jason
name: Clegg, Paul S.
name: Evans, R. M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cylindrical interfaces occur in sheared or deformed emulsions and as biological or technological lipid monolayer or bilayer tubules. Like the corresponding spherical droplets and vesicles, these cylinder-like surfaces may host orientaional order with $n$-fold rotational symmetry, for example in the positions of lipid molecules or of spherical nanoparticles. We examine how that order interacts with and induces shape modulations of cylindrical interfaces. While on spherical droplets $2n$ topological defects necessarily exist and can induce icosahedral droplet shapes, the cylindrical topology is compatible with a defect-free patterning. Nevertheless, once a modulation is introduced by a mechanism such as spontaneous curvature, nontrivial patterns of order, including ones with excess defects, emerge and have nonlinear effects on the shape of the tube. Examining the equilibrium energetics of the system analytically and with a lattice-based Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, we predict low-temperature morphologies of modulated cylindrical interfaces hosting orientational order. A shape modulation induces a banded pattern of alternatingly isotropic and ordered interfacial material. Furthermore cylindrical systems can be divided into Type I, without defects, and Type II, which go through a spectrum of defect states with up to $4n$ excess defects. The character of the curvature-induced shape transition from unmodulated to modulated cylinders is continuous or discontinuous accordingly.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures; figures changed, clarifications added
Lithium Depletion Is A Strong Test Of Core-Envelope Recoupling
Creators: name: Somers, Garrett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Rotational mixing is a prime candidate for explaining the gradual depletion of light elements from the photospheres of cool stars during the main sequence. However, previous mixing calculations have relied primarily on incomplete treatments of angular momentum (AM) transport in stellar interiors, which do not predict the rotational evolution of open clusters. In order to produce new mixing calculations, we modify our rotating stellar evolution code to include an additional source of AM transport, a necessary ingredient for explaining the open cluster rotation pattern. With this machinery, we show for the first time that the main sequence evolution of surface rotation in open clusters and the evolving abundance of lithium in cool stars can be simultaneously predicted. Our mixing-derived core-envelope coupling strengths agree well with previous work, confirming the reliability of our mixing calculations. Using Li abundances, we argue that the timescale for core-envelope re-coupling during the main sequence is a strong function of mass, thus placing an important constraint on models seeking to identify the mechanism responsible for core-envelope coupling. We discuss implications of this finding for stellar physics, including the viability of gravity waves and magnetic fields as agents of AM transport.
Immersion in Digital Fiction
Creators: name: Bell, Alice
name: Ensslin, Astrid
name: Van Der Bom, Isabelle
name: Smith, Jen
Publisher: name: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cognitive Poetics;Narrative;Narratology;Immersion;Embodiment;Digital Fiction; Reader Response; Stylistics;Deixis

description: In this article, we profile an empirically grounded, cognitive approach to immersion in digital fiction by combining text-driven stylistic analysis with insights from theories of cognition and reader-response research. We offer a new analytical method for immersive features in digital fiction by developing deictic shift theory for the affordances of digital media. We also provide empirically substantiated insights to show how immersion is experienced cognitively by using Andy Campbell and Judi Alston’s (2015) digital fiction piece WALLPAPER as a case study. We add ‘interactional deixis’ and ‘audible deixis’ to Stockwell’s (2002) model to account for the multimodal nature of immersion in digital fiction. We also show how extra-textual features can contribute to immersion and thus propose that they should be accounted for when analysing immersion across media. We conclude that the analytical framework and reader response protocol that we develop here can be adapted for application to texts across media.
description: International Journal of Literary Linguistics, Vol 7, No 1 (2018): Immersion in Digital Fiction
Optimal Ratio for Data Splitting
Creators: name: Joseph, V. Roshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is common to split a dataset into training and testing sets before fitting a statistical or machine learning model. However, there is no clear guidance on how much data should be used for training and testing. In this article we show that the optimal splitting ratio is $\sqrt{p}:1$, where $p$ is the number of parameters in a linear regression model that explains the data well.
Deep Geothermal Energy for Lower Saxony (North Germany) – Combined Investigations of Geothermal Reservoir Characteristics
Creators: name: Hahne, Barbara
name: Thomas, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: characterisation
subject: deep geothermal
subject: exploitation
subject: exploration
subject: modelling
subject: North German Basin
subject: 620

description: For the economic success of a geothermal project the hydraulic properties and temperature of the geothermal reservoir are crucial. New methodologies in seismics, geoelectrics and reservoir geology are tested within the frame of the collaborative research programme “Geothermal Energy and High-Performance Drilling” (gebo). Within nine geoscientific projects, tools were developed that help in the evaluation and interpretation of acquired data. Special emphasis is placed on the investigation of rock properties, on the development of early reservoir assessment even during drilling, and on the interaction between the drilling devices and the reservoir formation. The propagation of fractures and the transport of fluid and heat within the regional stress field are investigated using different approaches (field studies, seismic monitoring, multi-parameter modelling). Geologic structural models have been created for simulation of the local stress field and hydromechanical processes. Furthermore, a comprehensive dataset of hydrogeochemical environments was collected allowing characterisation and hydrogeochemical modelling of the reservoir.
Condensation transition in large deviations of self-similar Gaussian processes with stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Smith, Naftali R.
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fluctuations of the area $A(t)= \int_0^t x(τ)\, dτ$ under a self-similar Gaussian process (SGP) $x(τ)$ with Hurst exponent $H>0$ (e.g., standard or fractional Brownian motion, or the random acceleration process) that stochastically resets to the origin at rate $r$. Typical fluctuations of $A(t)$ scale as $\sim \sqrt{t}$ for large $t$ and on this scale the distribution is Gaussian, as one would expect from the central limit theorem. Here our main focus is on atypically large fluctuations of $A(t)$. In the long-time limit $t\to\infty$, we find that the full distribution of the area takes the form $P_{r}\left(A|t\right)\sim\exp\left[-t^αΦ\left(A/t^β\right)\right]$ with anomalous exponents $α=1/(2H+2)$ and $β= (2H+3)/(4H+4)$ in the regime of moderately large fluctuations, and a different anomalous scaling form $P_{r}\left(A|t\right)\sim\exp\left[-tΨ\left(A/t^{\left(2H+3\right)/2}\right)\right]$ in the regime of very large fluctuations. The associated rate functions $Φ(y)$ and $Ψ(w)$ depend on $H$ and are found exactly. Remarkably, $Φ(y)$ has a singularity that we interpret as a first-order dynamical condensation transition, while $Ψ(w)$ exhibits a second-order dynamical phase transition above which the number of resetting events ceases to be extensive. The parabolic behavior of $Φ(y)$ around the origin $y=0$ correctly describes the typical, Gaussian fluctuations of $A(t)$. Despite these anomalous scalings, we find that all of the cumulants of the distribution $P_{r}\left(A|t\right)$ grow linearly in time, $\langle A^n\rangle_c\approx c_n \, t$, in the long-time limit. For the case of reset Brownian motion (corresponding to $H=1/2$), we develop a recursive scheme to calculate the coefficients $c_n$ exactly and use it to calculate the first 6 nonvanishing cumulants.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Longistylus Indicatti & Lucas, 2005, n. gen.
Creators: name: Indicatti, Rafael Prezzi
name: Lucas, Sylvia Marlene
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Nemesiidae
Longistylus

description: Longistylus n. gen.
(Figs. 1–18)
Type­species: L. ygapema n. sp.
Diagnosis. Longistylus n. gen. resembles Teyl Main by the very long, styliform embolus of the male palpal bulb, but differs by the reflexed embolus at least twice as long as the palpal tibia (Figs. 1–3) (in Teyl never longer than tibia), and by the pseudosegmented tarsi (Figs. 13–15). It is distinguished from the ramaining Anaminae genera by the triangular apical segment of PLS (Fig. 7) and by the absence of megaspine on male tibia I and II (Fig. 12).
Etymology. The generic name refers to the very long embolus of the male palp (from the Latin: long + stylus, pointed tip). Gender is male.
Description. See description of the type­species.
description: Published as part of Indicatti, Rafael Prezzi & Lucas, Sylvia Marlene, 2005, Description of a new genus of Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, pp. 11-16 in Zootaxa 1088 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273334
Tunable Excitons in Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Quintela, M. F. C. Martins
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trilayer graphene is receiving an increasing level of attention due to its stacking--dependent magnetoelectric and optoelectric properties, and its more robust ferromagnetism relative to monolayer and bilayer variants. Additionally, rhombohedral stacked trilayer graphene presents the possibility of easily opening a gap via either an external electric field perpendicular to the layers, or via the application of external strain. In this paper, we consider an external electric field to open a bandgap in rhombohedral trilayer graphene and study the excitonic optical response of the system. This is done via the combination of a tight binding model with the Bethe--Salpeter equation, solved semi--analytically and requiring only a simple numerical quadrature. We then discuss the valley--dependent optical selection rules, followed by the computation of the excitonic linear optical conductivity for the case of a rhombohedral graphene trilayer encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. The tunability of the excitonic resonances via an external field is also discussed, together with the increasing localization of the excitonic states as the field increases.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Resistive Mhd Simulations Of X-Line Retreat And Competing Reconnection Sites
Creators: name: Murphy, Nicholas A.
name: Young, Aleida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: magnetic reconnection

description: Most simulations and theories of magnetic reconnection assume that the diffusion region is symmetric and stationary. However, in many situations in nature and the laboratory, the reconnection layer moves with respect to the upstream plasma. To investigate the impact of current sheet motion on the reconnection process, we perform numerical simulations of multiple competing reconnection sites. In double perturbation simulations, the two X-lines retreat from each other as they develop. Early in time, the flow stagnation point is located closer to the obstructing magnetic island between the reconnection sites than the X-line so that the X-line is advected by the plasma flow. Late in time, the relative positions of the flow stagnation point and X-line switch so that the X-line retreats in the opposite direction of the local plasma flow. An expression for the rate of X-line retreat shows that the X-line position changes due to both advection and diffusion. In multiple perturbation simulations, isolated and large amplitude perturbations are most likely to survive. The number of X-lines changes due to diffusion of the normal component of the magnetic field in either the inflow and outflow directions. When the X-line is pulled towards one end of the current sheet, the flow stagnation point is generally located between the X-line and the current sheet center.
Pilot-Streaming: Design Considerations For A Stream Processing Framework For High-Performance Computing
Creators: name: Luckow, Andre
name: Kasson, Peter
name: Shantenu Jha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: HPC, Streaming Data, Resource Management, Middleware

description: This White Paper (submitted to STREAM 2016) identifies an approach to integrate streaming data with HPC resources. The paper outlines the design of Pilot-Streaming, which extends the concept of Pilot-abstraction to streaming real-time data.
Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Materials, Technology, Design, and Application
Creators: name: Nikolic, Maria Vesna
name: Milovanovic, Vladimir
name: Vasiljevic, Zorka Z.
name: Stamenkovic, Zoran
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: gas sensing materials
subject: gas sensor applications
subject: semiconductor gas sensors
subject: sensing technology
subject: 620

description: This paper presents an overview of semiconductor materials used in gas sensors, their technology, design, and application. Semiconductor materials include metal oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and 2D materials. Metal oxides are most often the first choice due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, and stability. Some of their disadvantages are low selectivity and high operating temperature. Conducting polymers have the advantage of a low operating temperature and can detect many organic vapors. They are flexible but affected by humidity. Carbon nanotubes are chemically and mechanically stable and are sensitive towards NO and NH3, but need dopants or modifications to sense other gases. Graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, boron nitride, transition metal carbides/nitrides, metal organic frameworks, and metal oxide nanosheets as 2D materials represent gas-sensing materials of the future, especially in medical devices, such as breath sensing. This overview covers the most used semiconducting materials in gas sensing, their synthesis methods and morphology, especially oxide nanostructures, heterostructures, and 2D materials, as well as sensor technology and design, application in advance electronic circuits and systems, and research challenges from the perspective of emerging technologies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Heavy neutrinos at future linear e$^+$e$^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Mękała, Krzysztof
name: Reuter, Jürgen
name: Żarnecki, Aleksander Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos are among the most mysterious particles in nature. Their mass hierarchy and oscillations, as well as their antiparticle properties, are being intensively studied in experiments around the world. Moreover, in many models of physics beyond the Standard Model, the baryon asymmetry or the dark matter density in the Universe are explained by introducing new species of neutrinos. Among others, heavy neutrinos of Dirac or Majorana nature were proposed to solve open questions in High Energy Physics. Such neutrinos with masses above the EW scale could be produced at future linear e$^+$e$^-$ colliders, like the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) or the International Linear Collider (ILC). We studied the possibility of observing decays of heavy Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in the $qq\ell$ final state with ILC running at 500 GeV and 1 TeV, and CLIC at 3 TeV. The analysis is based on the Whizard event generation and fast simulation of detector response with Delphes. Neutrinos with masses from 200 GeV to 3.2 TeV were considered. We estimated the limits on the production cross sections, interpreted them in terms of the neutrino-lepton coupling parameter $V_{\ell N}^{2}$ (effectively the neutrino mixing angle) and compared them with current limits coming from the LHC running at 13 TeV, as well as the expected limits from future hadron colliders. The limits for the future lepton colliders, extending down to the coupling values of $10^{-7} - 10^{-6}$, are stricter than any other limit estimates published so far.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Sustainable optimal transport in multilayer networks
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Abdullahi Adinoyi
name: Leite, Daniela
name: De Bacco, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traffic congestion is one of the major challenges faced by the transportation industry. While this problem carries a high economical and environmental cost, the need for an efficient design of optimal paths for passengers in multilayer network infrastructures is imperative. We consider an approach based on optimal transport theory to route passengers preferably along layers that are more carbon efficient than the road, e.g. rails. By analyzing the impact of this choice on performance, we find that this approach reduces carbon emissions considerably, compared to shortest-path minimization. Similarly, we find that this approach distributes traffic more homogeneously thus alleviating the risk of traffic congestions. Our results shed light on the impact of distributing traffic flexibly across layers guided by optimal transport theory.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Encyocratella Strand 1907
Creators: name: Gallon, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theraphosidae
Encyocratella

description: Encyocratella Strand, 1907
Encyocratella Strand 1907a: 556; Raven 1985: 152 (syn.). Revalidated.
Xenodendrophila Gallon 2003: 405. Syn. n.
Type species: Encyocratella olivacea Strand, 1907 by original designation.
Diagnosis: Female and genus diagnosed as Xenodendrophila in Gallon (2003). The presence of leg spines, less developed tarsal and metatarsal scopulae, absence of lateral leg fringes (Figs. 10–11) and a broad, keeled embolus, readily distinguish Encyocratella males from those of Stromatopelma and Heteroscodra, the only other stromatopelmine genera. In males of both Stromatopelma and Heteroscodra the legs are aspinose, have laterally well­developed leg scopulae, distinct lateral leg fringes (Figs. 12–13) and thin, unkeeled emboli. In Encyocratella the ocular tubercle is oval and elevated (Figs. 14–15), whereas in both Stromatopelma and Heteroscodra it is broadly rectangular and weakly elevated (Figs. 16–17).
description: Published as part of Gallon, Richard C., 2005, Encyocratella olivacea Strand, 1907, a senior synonym of Xenodendrophila gabrieli Gallon, 2003 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Stromatopelminae) with a description of the male, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1003 (1) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1003.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5048737
Brownian motion with time-dependent friction and single-particle dynamics in liquids
Creators: name: Lad, Kirit N.
name: Patel, Margi K.
name: Pratap, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic theory of molecular motion in classical monatomic liquids, proposed by Glass and Rice [Phy. Rev. 176, 239 (1968)], is revisited and extended to incorporate the dynamic friction in the Brownian description of the atomic diffusion in a mean-time-dependent harmonic force field. A modified, non-Markovian Langevin equation is utilized to derive an equation of motion for the velocity autocorrelation function with time-dependent friction coefficient. Numerical solution of the equation gives an excellent account of the velocity autocorrelation function in LJ liquids, liquid alkali and transition metals over a broad range of density and temperature. Derivation of the equation of motion leads to a self-consistent expression for the time-dependence of friction coefficient. Our results demonstrate that the nature of time-dependence of the friction coefficient changes dramatically with the liquid density. At low and moderate densities, the dynamic friction decays exponentially whereas it increases exponentially at high liquid densities. Our findings provide an opportunity to have a new outlook of the Brownian description of atomic dynamics in liquids.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Gap probability and full counting statistics in the one dimensional one-component plasma
Creators: name: Flack, Ana
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the $1d$ one-component plasma (OCP) in thermal equilibrium, consisting of $N$ equally charged particles on a line, with pairwise Coulomb repulsion and confined by an external harmonic potential. We study two observables: (i) the distribution of the gap between two consecutive particles in the bulk and (ii) the distribution of the number of particles $N_I$ in a fixed interval $I=[-L,+L]$ inside the bulk, the so-called full-counting-statistics (FCS). For both observables, we compute, for large $N$, the distribution of the typical as well as atypical large fluctuations. We show that the distribution of the typical fluctuations of the gap are described by the scaling form ${\cal P}_{\rm gap, bulk}(g,N) \sim N H_α(g\,N)$, where $α$ is the interaction coupling and the scaling function $H_α(z)$ is computed explicitly. It has a faster than Gaussian tail for large $z$: $H_α(z) \sim e^{-z^3/(96 α)}$ as $z \to \infty$. Similarly, for the FCS, we show that the distribution of the typical fluctuations of $N_I$ is described by the scaling form ${\cal P}_{\rm FCS}(N_I,N) \sim 2α\, U_α[2 α(N_I - \bar{N}_I)]$, where $\bar{N}_I = L\,N/(2 α)$ is the average value of $N_I$ and the scaling function $U_α(z)$ is obtained explicitly. For both observables, we show that the probability of large fluctuations are described by large deviations forms with respective rate functions that we compute explicitly. Our numerical Monte-Carlo simulations are in good agreement with our analytical predictions.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures
Increasing compound warm spells and droughts in the Mediterranean Basin
Creators: name: Vogel, Johannes
name: Paton, Eva
name: Aich, Valentin
name: Bronstert, Axel
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Compound events
subject: Droughts
subject: Extreme events
subject: Mediterranean basin
subject: Warm spells
subject: 550

description: The co-occurrence of warm spells and droughts can lead to detrimental socio-economic and ecological impacts, largely surpassing the impacts of either warm spells or droughts alone. We quantify changes in the number of compound warm spells and droughts from 1979 to 2018 in the Mediterranean Basin using the ERA5 data set. We analyse two types of compound events: 1) warm season compound events, which are extreme in absolute terms in the warm season from May to October and 2) year-round deseasonalised compound events, which are extreme in relative terms respective to the time of the year. The number of compound events increases significantly and especially warm spells are increasing strongly – with an annual growth rates of 3.9 (3.5) % for warm season (deseasonalised) compound events and 4.6 (4.4) % for warm spells –, whereas for droughts the change is more ambiguous depending on the applied definition. Therefore, the rise in the number of compound events is primarily driven by temperature changes and not the lack of precipitation. The months July and August show the highest increases in warm season compound events, whereas the highest increases of deseasonalised compound events occur in spring and early summer. This increase in deseasonalised compound events can potentially have a significant impact on the functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems as this is the peak phase of ecosystem productivity and a vital phenophase.
Aspects of Nonrelativistic Strings
Creators: name: Oling, Gerben
name: Yan, Ziqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent developments on nonrelativistic string theory. In flat spacetime, the theory is defined by a two-dimensional relativistic quantum field theory with nonrelativistic global symmetries acting on the worldsheet fields. This theory arises as a self-contained corner of relativistic string theory. It has a string spectrum with a Galilean dispersion relation, and a spacetime S-matrix with nonrelativistic symmetry. This string theory also gives a unitary and ultraviolet complete framework that connects different corners of string theory, including matrix string theory and noncommutative open strings. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the non-Lorentzian geometries and quantum field theories that arise from nonrelativistic string theory in background fields. In this review, we start with an introduction to the foundations of nonrelativistic string theory in flat spacetime. We then give an overview of recent progress, including the appropriate target-space geometry that nonrelativistic strings couple to. This is known as (torsional) string Newton-Cartan geometry, which is neither Lorentzian nor Riemannian. We also give a review of nonrelativistic open strings and effective field theories living on D-branes. Finally, we discuss applications of nonrelativistic strings to decoupling limits in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 46 pages, review article for Frontiers in Physics Research Topic "Non-Lorentzian Geometry and its Applications"; v2: clarifications and references added, published version
Universality of the fully connected vertex in Laplacian continuous-time quantum walk problems
Creators: name: Razzoli, Luca
name: Bordone, Paolo
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fully connected vertex $w$ in a simple graph $G$ of order $N$ is a vertex connected to all the other $N-1$ vertices. Upon denoting by $L$ the Laplacian matrix of the graph, we prove that the continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW) -- with Hamiltonian $H=γL$ -- of a walker initially localized at $\vert w \rangle$ does not depend on the graph $G$. We also prove that for any Grover-like CTQW -- with Hamiltonian $H=γL +\sum_w λ_w \vert w \rangle\langle w \vert$ -- the probability amplitude at the fully connected marked vertices $w$ does not depend on $G$. The result does not hold for CTQW with Hamiltonian $H=γA$ (adjacency matrix). We apply our results to spatial search and quantum transport for single and multiple fully connected marked vertices, proving that CTQWs on any graph $G$ inherit the properties already known for the complete graph of the same order, including the optimality of the spatial search. Our results provide a unified framework for several partial results already reported in literature for fully connected vertices, such as the equivalence of CTQW and of spatial search for the central vertex of the star and wheel graph, and any vertex of the complete graph.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, accepted version
Python For Gamma-Ray Astronomy
Creators: name: Deil, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Python, Astronomy, Gamma-ray, Astropy, Gammapy, Data Analysis

description: Gamma-ray astronomy is a relatively new window on the cosmos. The first source detected from the ground was the Crab nebula, seen by the Whipple telescope in Arizona in 1989. Today, about 150 sources have been detected at TeV energies using gamma-ray telescopes from the ground such as H.E.S.S. in Namibia or VERITAS in Arizona, and about 3000 sources at GeV energies using the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.

Soon construction will start for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which will be the first ground-based gamma-ray telescope array operated as an open observatory, with a site in the southern and a second site in the northern hemisphere.

In this presentation I will give a very brief introduction to gamma-ray astronomy and data analysis, as well as a short overview of the software used for the various missions. The main focus will be on recent attempts to build open-source gamma-ray software on the scientific Python stack and Astropy: ctapipe as a CTA Python pipeline prototype, Fermipy and the Fermi Science Tools for Fermi-LAT analysis, Gammapy as a community-developed gamma-ray Python package and naima as a non-thermal spectral modeling and fitting package.
Fuchibotulus Haddad & Lyle 2008
Creators: name: Lyle, Robin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Trachelidae
Fuchibotulus

description: Key to species of Fuchibotulus (modified from Haddad & Lyle 2008)
1 Males .......................................................................................................................2
– Females ...................................................................................................................3
2 Embolus tip at ⅔ of cymbium width; retrolateral tibial apophysis distinctly bifid (Haddad & Lyle 2008: fig. 62) .................................................................... bicornis
– Embolus tip at retrolateral margin of cymbium; distal retrolateral tibial apophysis triangular (Haddad & Lyle 2008: fig. 68)...................................................... kigelia
3 ST II elongate, extending posteriorly beyond anterior margin of copulatory openings (Haddad & Lyle 2008: fig. 69) ...................................................................... kigelia
– ST II oval-elongate, not extending to anterior margin of copulatory openings ......4
4 ST II teardrop-shaped; copulatory openings situated medially in short, slightly curved slanted ridges, nearly twice as broad as long (Haddad & Lyle 2008: fig. 65)........... ..................................................................................................................... bicornis
– ST II only slightly narrower anteriorly; copulatory openings situated medially in short, very strongly curved U-shaped ridges, nearly as long as broad (Fig. 4)......... ........................................................................................................... haddadi sp. n.
description: Published as part of Lyle, Robin, 2013, A new species of the tracheline genus Fuchibotulus Haddad & Lyle, 2008 (Araneae: Corinnidae), pp. 245-249 in African Invertebrates 54 (1) on pages 248-249, DOI: 10.5733/afin.054.0113, http://zenodo.org/record/7671926
Polar flocks with discretized directions: the active clock model approaching the Vicsek model
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Swarnajit
name: Mangeat, Matthieu
name: Rieger, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the off-lattice two-dimensional $q$-state active clock model (ACM) as a natural discretization of the Vicsek model (VM) describing flocking. The ACM consists of particles able to move in the plane in a discrete set of $q$ equidistant angular directions, as in the active Potts model (APM), with an alignment interaction inspired by the ferromagnetic equilibrium clock model. We find that for a small number of directions, the flocking transition of the ACM has the same phenomenology as the APM, including macrophase separation and reorientation transition. For a larger number of directions, the flocking transition in the ACM becomes equivalent to the one of the VM and displays microphase separation and only transverse bands, i.e. no re-orientation transition. Concomitantly also the transition of the $q\to\infty$ limit of the ACM, the active XY model (AXYM), is in the same universality class as the VM. We also construct a coarse-grained hydrodynamic description for the ACM and AXYM akin to the VM.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, supplementary material merged to the main text
Cumulant methods for electron-phonon problems. II. The self-consistent cumulant expansion
Creators: name: Robinson, Paul J.
name: Dunn, Ian S.
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a self-consistent cumulant expansion (SC-CE) and investigate its accuracy for the one-dimensional Holstein model with and without phonon dispersion. We show that for finite lattices sizes, the numerical integration of the SC-CE equations becomes unstable at long times. This defect is partially ameliorated when studying systems in the thermodynamic limit, enabling the demonstration that the SC-CE corrects many deficits of the standard perturbative CE in the (non-dispersive) Holstein model. The natural phonon damping that arises in the more realistic dispersed Holstein model renders the SC-CE stable, allowing for a complete assessment of the method. Here we find that self-consistency dramatically corrects many of the failures found in the perturbative CE, but also introduces some unphysical features. Finally, we comment on the potential use of SC-CE as a tool for calculating Green's functions in generic many-body problems.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Bimetallic Catalysts Containing Gold and Palladium for Environmentally Important Reactions
Creators: name: Alshammari, Ahmad
name: Kalevaru, Venkata Narayana
name: Martin, Andreas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Acetoxylation
subject: Au-Ag catalysts
subject: Bimetallic catalysts
subject: Oxidation
subject: Pd-Sb catalysts
subject: 540

description: Supported bimetallic nanoparticles (SBN) are extensively used as efficient redox catalysts. This kind of catalysis particularly using SBN has attracted immense research interest compared to their parent metals due to their unique physico-chemical properties. The primary objective of this contribution is to provide comprehensive overview about SBN and their application as promising catalysts. The present review contains four sections in total. Section 1 starts with a general introduction, recent progress, and brief summary of the application of SBN as promising catalysts for different applications. Section 2 reviews the preparation and characterization methods of SBN for a wide range of catalytic reactions. Section 3 concentrates on our own results related to the application of SBN in heterogeneous catalysis. In this section, the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid (an eco-friendly and novel approach) will be discussed. In addition, the application of bimetallic Pd catalysts for vapor phase toluene acetoxylation in a fixed bed reactor will also be highlighted. Acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate is another green route to synthesize benzyl acetate in one step. Finally, Section 4 describes the summary of the main points and also presents an outlook on the application of SBN as promising catalysts for the production of valuable products.
Can the "shadow" of graphene band clarify its flatness?
Creators: name: Jugovac, Matteo
name: Tresca, Cesare
name: Cojocariu, Iulia
name: di Santo, Giovanni
name: Zhao, Wenjuan
name: Petaccia, Luca
name: Moras, Paolo
name: Profeta, Gianni
name: Bisti, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene band renormalization at the proximity of the van Hove singularity (VHS) has been investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the Li-doped quasi-freestanding graphene on the cobalt (0001) surface. The absence of graphene band hybridization with the substrate, the doping contribution well represented by a rigid energy shift and the excellent electron-electron interaction screening ensured by the metallic substrate offer a privileged point of view for such investigation. A clear ARPES signal is detected along the M point of the graphene Brillouin zone, giving rise to an apparent flattened band. By simulating the graphene spectral function from the density functional theory calculated bands, we demonstrate that the photoemission signal along the M point originates from the "shadow" of the spectral function of the unoccupied band above the Fermi level. Such interpretation put forward the absence of any additional strong correlation effects at the VHS proximity, reconciling the mean field description of the graphene band structure even in the highly doped scenario.
Nonadiabatic vibronic effects in single-molecule junctions: A theoretical study using the hierarchical equations of motion approach
Creators: name: Kaspar, Christoph
name: Erpenbeck, André
name: Bätge, Jakob
name: Schinabeck, Christian
name: Thoss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom is an important mechanism in nonequilibrium charge transport through molecular nanojunctions. While adiabatic polaron-type coupling has been studied in great detail, new transport phenomena arise for nonadiabatic coupling scenarios corresponding to a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Employing the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion approach, we analyze the effect of nonadiabatic electronic-vibrational coupling on electron transport in molecular junctions considering a series of models with increasing complexity. The results reveal a significant influence of nonadiabatic coupling on the transport characteristics and a variety of interesting effects, including negative differential conductance. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed in detail.
description: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.195435
Low Intensity Laser Therapy Speeds Wound Healing In Hemophilia B Mice
Creators: name: Hoffman, Maureane
name: McDonald, Anna Greene
name: Monroe, Dougald M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Hemophilia
bleeding
wound healing
photomodulation

description: This is a poster presented at the Intl Soc on Thrombosis & Haemostasis describing our studies using laser light to treat cutaneous punch biopsy wounds
Stability of Two-dimensional Potential Flows Using Bicomplex Numbers
Creators: name: Kleine, Vitor G.
name: Hanifi, Ardeshir
name: Henningson, Dan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The use of the complex velocity potential and the complex velocity is widely disseminated in the study of two-dimensional incompressible potential flows. The advantages of working with complex analytical functions made this representation of the flow ubiquitous in the field of theoretical aerodynamics. However, this representation is not usually employed in linear stability studies, where the representation of the velocity as real vectors is preferred by most authors, in order to allow the representation of the perturbation as the complex exponential function. Some of the classical attempts to use the complex velocity potential in stability studies suffer from formal errors. In this work, we present a framework that reconciles these two complex representations using bicomplex numbers. This framework is applied to the stability of the von Kármán vortex street and a generalized formula is found. It is shown that the classical results of the symmetric and staggered von Kármán vortex streets are just particular cases of the generalized dynamical system in bicomplex formulation.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Flares In Time-Domain Surveys
Creators: name: Kowalski, Adam
name: Hawley, Suzanne
name: Davenport, James
name: Berlicki, Arkadiusz
name: Cauzzi, Gianna
name: Fletcher, Lyndsay
name: Heinzel, Petr
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Loyd, Parke
name: Martinez Oliveros, Juan Carlos
name: Pugh, Chloe
name: Schmidt, Sarah Jane
name: Karmakar, Subhajeet
name: Pye, John
name: Flaccomio, Ettore
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: cool stars
stellar flares
time-domain surveys
solar flares

description: Proceedings for the splinter session "Flares in Time-Domain Surveys" convened at Cool Stars 19 on June 07, 2016 in Uppsala, Sweden.  Contains a two page summary of the splinter session, links to YouTube talks, and a PDF copy of the slides from the presenters.
Contact Process on Weighted Planar Stochastic Lattice
Creators: name: Alves, Sidiney G.
name: de Oliveira, Marcelo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the absorbing state phase transition in the contact process on the Weighted Planar Stochastic (WPS) Lattice. The WPS lattice is multifractal. Its dual network has a power-law degree distribution function and is also embedded in a bidimensional space. Moreover, it represents a novel way to introduce coordination disorder in lattice models. We investigated the critical behavior of the disordered system using extensive simulations. Our results show the critical behavior is distinct from that on a regular lattice, suggesting it belongs to a different universality class. We evaluate the exponent governing the bond fluctuations and our results agree with the Harris-Barghathi-Vojta criterium for relevant fluctuations.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures