cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
White Matter Microstructure in Idiopathic Craniocervical Dystonia
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Giordanna L. S.
name: Guimarães, Rachel P.
name: Piovesana, Luiza G.
name: Campos, Brunno M.
name: Campos, Lidiane S.
name: Azevedo, Paula C.
name: Torres, Fabio R.
name: Amato‐Filho, Augusto C.
name: França Jr, Marcondes C.
name: Lopes‐Cendes, Iscia
name: Cendes, Fernando
name: D’Abreu, Anelyssa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical sciences
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Dystonias are hyperkinetic movement disorders characterized by involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal torsional movements and postures. Recent neuroimaging studies in idiopathic craniocervical dystonia (CCD) have uncovered the involvement of multiple areas, including cortical ones. Our goal was to evaluate white matter (WM) microstructure in subjects with CCD using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis.
Methods: We compared 40 patients with 40 healthy controls. Patients were then divided into subgroups: cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, blepharospasm + oromandibular dystonia, blepharospasm + oromandibular dystonia + cervical dystonia, using tract‐based spatial statistics. We performed a region of interest‐based analysis and tractography as confirmatory tests.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between the groups in any analysis.
Discussion: The lack of DTI changes in CCD suggests that the WM tracts are not primarily affected.
Sensing the position of a single scatterer in an opaque medium by mutual scattering
Creators: name: Truong, Minh Duy
name: Lagendijk, Ad
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential of mutual scattering, i.e., light scattering with multiple properly phased incident beams, as a method to extract structural information from inside an opaque object. In particular, we study how sensitively the displacement of a single scatterer is detected in an optically dense sample of many (up to $N=1000$) similar scatterers. By performing exact calculations on ensembles of many point scatterers, we compare the mutual scattering (from two beams) and the well-known differential cross-section (from one beam) in response to the change of location of a single dipole inside a configuration of randomly distributed similar dipoles. Our numerical examples show that mutual scattering provides speckle patterns with an angular sensitivity at least 10 times higher than the traditional one-beam techniques. By studying the "susceptivity" of mutual scattering, we demonstrate the possibility to determine the original depth relative to the incident surface of the displaced dipole in an opaque sample. Furthermore, we show that mutual scattering offers a new approach to determine the complex scattering amplitude.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
The Constitution's Accommodation of Social Change
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Constitutional history
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Did the framers and ratifiers of the United States Constitution think that changes in American society would require changes in the text or interpretation of the Constitution? If those who created the Constitution understood or even anticipated the possibility of major social alterations, how did they expect constitutional law - text and interpretation - to accommodate such developments? The inquiry pursued here concentrates on the views of the framers and ratifiers while they were creating the Constitution rather than the development of their ideas before or after that task.
Plots.jl – A User Extendable Plotting API for the Julia Programming Language
Creators: name: Christ, Simon
name: Schwabeneder, Daniel
name: Rackauckas, Christopher
name: Krabbe Borregaard, Michael
name: Breloff, Thomas
Publisher: name: London : Ubiquity Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: visualization
subject: julia
subject: plotting
subject: julia-language
subject: user-extendable
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: There are many excellent plotting libraries. Each excels at a specific use case: one is particularly suited for creating printable 2D figures for publication, another for generating interactive 3D graphics, while a third may have excellent LATEX integration or be ideal for creating dashboards on the web. The aim of Plots.jl is to enable the user to use the same syntax to interact with a range of different plotting libraries, making it possible to change the library that does the actual plotting (the backend) without needing to touch the code that creates the content – and without having to learn multiple application programming interfaces (API). This is achieved by separating the specification of the plot from the implementation of the graphical backend. This plot specification is extendable by a recipe system that allows package authors and users to create new types of plots, as well as to specify how to plot any type of object (e.g. a statistical model, a map, a phylogenetic tree or the solution to a system of differential equations) without depending on the Plots.jl package. This design supports a modular ecosystem structure for plotting and yields a high code reuse potential across the entire Julia package ecosystem. Plots.jl is publicly available at https://github.com/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl.
Biomechanical risk factors among the assembly line workers of a cosmetics manufacturing factory in India
Creators: name: SHARAN, Deepak
name: MOHANDOSS, Mathankumar
name: RANGANATHAN, Rameshkumar
name: JOSE, Jerrish A
name: RAJKUMAR, Joshua Samuel
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this study was to find out the perceived exertion and postural risk
factors among a group of assembly line workers in a cosmetics manufacturing company in India. Initially there was a general task inspection by floor visit by a team of ergonomists to identify tasks that might be considered to predispose workers to Work related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD). Nine tasks were identified to be problem tasks among 38 task areas visited and a detailed ergonomic workplace analysis of those tasks was performed. Photographs and video recording of the chosen tasks were taken. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was used to evaluate the posture and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) by Moore and Garg Strain Index. Among all the tasks shampoo bottle packing line (n=2), shampoo bottle packing area (n=6), container filling (n=10), sachet sorting (n=2), assembly of bottles (n=4), manual filling line (n=2), manual capping of bottles (n=4) and chemical feeding process (n=2) were found to be high risk tasks. Among 9 different tasks in 5 different lines, 3 were assessed with REBA and other 6 were assessed with RULA to find out possible postural hazards. Among the parameters, duration of exertion was high for 6 tasks, efforts per minute were higher for 7 tasks and speed of work was more for 5 tasks. Hand and wrist posture and intensity of exertion found to be at risk in 3 tasks respectively.
Experimental Investigations on Wear in Oscillating Grease-Lubricated Rolling Element Bearings of Different Size and Type
Creators: name: Bayer, Gernot
name: Bartschat, Arne
name: Wandel, Sebastian
name: Baust, Sebastian
name: Poll, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: blade bearing
subject: false brinelling
subject: grease lubrication
subject: oscillating bearing
subject: pitch bearing
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Grease-lubricated rolling element bearings can suffer from wear due to lubricant starvation under certain oscillating operating conditions. Especially for large-scale slewing bearings, such as blade bearings in wind turbines, experimental investigations are complex compared to small-scale reference testing. For an easier manner of testing, it is desirable to know whether the results of small-scale testing are applicable to larger-sized bearings. In this work, three different bearing types were tested and compared to already published results from a small-scale ACBB with a pitch diameter of 60 mm. The newly tested bearing types comprise a downscaled blade bearing (4-point contact double row ball bearing) with a pitch diameter of 673 mm, a small-scale CRTB with a pitch diameter of 77.5 mm and another ACBB with a pitch diameter of 95 mm. Qualitatively, all tested bearings show similar wear behaviour in terms of friction energy when operation parameters are varied. With higher oscillation frequency, damage becomes more severe. The oscillation amplitude shows three distinctive regimes. Within the range of small amplitudes, an increase in amplitude leads to more pronounced damage. We observe a threshold amplitude where this is no longer the case; a further increase in amplitude counteracts wear initiation until a final threshold is reached, beyond which no more wear is observed. These findings are in accordance with the reference results of the small-scale ACBB. Direct comparison between point and line contact shows that the latter is more prone to wear initiation under grease-lubricated, oscillating operating conditions. Furthermore, a previously introduced empirical number shows good performance in assessing critical operating parameters of the different bearing types. Specifically, harmful operating conditions can be classified for all studied bearing types with an accuracy of 78%. This method can be useful to assess operating conditions of greased, oscillating, rolling element bearings, e.g., to assess different pitch controllers or designs of slewing bearings.
Tunable zero-energy transmission resonances in shifted graphene bilayer
Creators: name: Daboussi, A.
name: Mandhour, L.
name: Fuchs, J. N.
name: Jaziri, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A graphene bilayer is known to perfectly reflect normally incident electrons due to their chirality. This is similar to Klein tunneling, which, in a monolayer, is instead responsible for perfect transmission at normal incidence. Stacking defaults turn each parabolic band crossing of a bilayer into pairs of Dirac cones. Here we show that, surprisingly, a stacking default (or shift) in a bilayer can result in perfect {\it transmission} at normal incidence as a result of Fabry-Pérot type resonances {\it at zero-energy}. These constructive interferences only happen for a specific orientation of the Dirac cones with respect to the incident electron and for quantized values of their separation in reciprocal space. Our results provide a way to control transmission resonances in undoped graphene bilayer structure by adjusting the layer stacking.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Enhanced index of refraction in four-wave mixing media
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Elena
name: Rajapakse, Renuka
name: Yelin, Susanne F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Refractive index enhancement accompanied by vanishing absorption in a four-level atomic system interacting with two control and two probe fields in a regime of four-wave mixing (FWM) has been predicted and studied in the present work. We analyzed the maximal index enhancement in the four-level FWM system and gave index estimates for a real atomic gas of $^{40}$K, taking into account its multilevel structure and collisional and Doppler broadenings at large atomic densities. We also discussed how vanishing absorption with no nearby amplification can be realized in a two species system, consisting of a four-level FWM and a two-level system, where the latter provides additional absorption for one of the probe fields. We numerically estimated the index change in a system composed of $^{40}$K and $^{39}$K gases.
Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential Tremor: A Comparison with Age-Matched Parkinson’s Disease Cases, Dystonia Cases, and Controls
Creators: name: Louis, Elan D.
name: Rao, Ashwini K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with balance disorders often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in patients with essential tremor (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease [PD] and dystonia) and comparing them with age‐matched controls.
Methods: We administered the six‐item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC‐6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near‐falls, and use of walking aids in 422 participants (126 ET, 77 PD, 46 dystonia, 173 controls).
Results: Balance confidence was lowest in PD, intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in dystonia compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC‐6 items. The number of near‐falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in PD. Several measures of balance confidence (ABC‐6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with blepharospasm, although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids.
Discussion: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of movement disorder patients compared to age‐matched controls. While most marked among PD patients, these issues affected ET patients as well and, to a small degree, some patients with dystonia.
Rendezvous in Time: An Attention-based Temporal Fusion approach for Surgical Triplet Recognition
Creators: name: Sharma, Saurav
name: Nwoye, Chinedu Innocent
name: Mutter, Didier
name: Padoy, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the recent advances in surgical AI is the recognition of surgical activities as triplets of (instrument, verb, target). Albeit providing detailed information for computer-assisted intervention, current triplet recognition approaches rely only on single frame features. Exploiting the temporal cues from earlier frames would improve the recognition of surgical action triplets from videos. In this paper, we propose Rendezvous in Time (RiT) - a deep learning model that extends the state-of-the-art model, Rendezvous, with temporal modeling. Focusing more on the verbs, our RiT explores the connectedness of current and past frames to learn temporal attention-based features for enhanced triplet recognition. We validate our proposal on the challenging surgical triplet dataset, CholecT45, demonstrating an improved recognition of the verb and triplet along with other interactions involving the verb such as (instrument, verb). Qualitative results show that the RiT produces smoother predictions for most triplet instances than the state-of-the-arts. We present a novel attention-based approach that leverages the temporal fusion of video frames to model the evolution of surgical actions and exploit their benefits for surgical triplet recognition.
description: Accepted at IPCAI, 2023. Project Page: https://github.com/CAMMA-public/rendezvous-in-time
Kinderneuropsychiatrie in Ueckermünde 1960
Creators: name: Łuka, Karolina
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine
subject: 943 General history of Europe Central Europe Germany

description: Der Forschungsbericht des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales vom 17. Juli 2015 zur Ermittlung der Anzahl von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die in den Jahren 1949 bis 1975 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie in den Jahren 1949 bis 1990 in der DDR in stationären Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe bzw. in Psychiatrien Leid und Unrecht erfahren haben, regt zu weiteren Untersuchungen an, die durch Bezug auf kleinere Patientenzahlen mehr Informationen zur Geschichte der Patientenbehandlung und Geschichte der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie aussagekräftiger sein können.
Convolutional neural networks for the classification of guitar effects and extraction of the parameter settings of single and multi-guitar effects from instrument mixes
Creators: name: Hinrichs, Reemt
name: Gerkens, Kevin
name: Lange, Alexander
name: Ostermann, Jörn
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Convolutional neural networks
subject: Guitar effects
subject: Music information retrieval
subject: Parameter extraction
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Guitar effects are commonly used in popular music to shape the guitar sound to fit specific genres, or to create more variety within musical compositions. The sound not only is determined by the choice of the guitar effect, but also heavily depends on the parameter settings of the effect. Previous research focused on the classification of guitar effects and extraction of their parameter settings from solo guitar audio recordings. However, more realistic is the classification and extraction from instrument mixes. This work investigates the use of convolution neural networks (CNNs) for the classification and parameter extraction of guitar effects from audio samples containing guitar, bass, keyboard, and drums. The CNN was compared to baseline methods previously proposed, like support vector machines and shallow neural networks together with predesigned features. On two datasets, the CNN achieved classification accuracies 1-5% above the baseline accuracy, achieving up to 97.4% accuracy. With parameter values between 0.0 and 1.0, mean absolute parameter extraction errors of below 0.016 for the distortion, below 0.052 for the tremolo, and below 0.038 for the slapback delay effect were achieved, matching or surpassing the presumed human expert error of 0.05. The CNN approach was found to generalize to further effects, achieving mean absolute parameter extraction errors below 0.05 for the chorus, phaser, reverb, and overdrive effect. For sequentially applied combinations of distortion, tremolo, and slapback delay, the mean extraction error slightly increased from the performance for the single effects to the range of 0.05 to 0.1. The CNN was found to be moderately robust to noise and pitch changes of the background instrumentation suggesting that the CNN extracted meaningful features.
title: Targeting PI3-kinase signalling in genetically engineered mouse models of intestinal cancer
Creators: name: Zeiger, Lucas
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2022

description: PI3-Kinase signalling is frequently dysregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), but its role in cancer initiation, progression to malignant disease, and subsequent impact upon response to treatment are not fully understood. In order to address these ongoing clinical concerns, I have developed and characterised a novel collection of genetically engineered mouse models of intestinal cancer, driven by hyperactivation of the PI3-Kinase signalling pathway. Targeted expression of oncogenic Pik3caH1047R or deletion of the negative regulator Pten in the intestinal epithelium result in rampant acceleration of tumourigenesis in models driven by loss of the tumour suppressor Apc. Moreover, PI3-Kinase and Kras mutations, which co-occur in human CRC, strongly synergise to drive intestinal tumour initiation and alter the transcriptional landscape. Using these advanced preclinical models as a platform, I have now interrogated the therapeutic impact of targeted inhibition of key PI3-Kinase/MAPK/mTOR signalling nodes. From these studies, a number of key observations were made, in particular, oncogenic Kras mutations drives resistance to PI3-Kinase alpha inhibition, irrespective of concomitant PI3-Kinase mutation. Moreover, models which were driven by activation of PI3-Kinase signalling in the absence of Kras mutation were acutely sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition, with Kras mutation again seen to drive resistance. The therapeutic approaches tested here indicate that combination approaches may be the most effective means of driving therapeutic benefit in CRC, particularly in the context of KRAS mutation. Through the research described here, I have developed a set of mouse models which will hopefully aid the development of novel therapeutic approaches for a large proportion of CRC patients, particularly those for whom current therapeutic options are limited.
Nonlinear GLR-MQ evolution equation and Q^2-evolution of gluon distribution function
Creators: name: Devee, Mayuri
name: Sarma, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have solved the nonlinear Gribov-Levin-Ryskin-Mueller-Qiu (GLR-MQ) evolution equation for gluon distribution function G(x,Q^2) and studied the effects of the nonlinear GLR-MQ corrections to the Leading Order (LO) Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations. Here we incorporate a Regge like behaviour of gluon distribution function to obtain the solution of GLR-MQ evolution equation. We have also investigated the Q^2-dependence of gluon distribution function from the solution of GLR-MQ evolution equation. Moreover it is interesting to observe from our results that nonlinearities increase with decreasing correlation radius (R) between two interacting gluons. Results also confirm that the steep behavior of gluon distribution function is observed at R=5 GeV^{-1}, whereas it is lowered at R=2 GeV^{-1} with decreasing x as Q^2 increases. In this work we have also checked the sensitivity of λ_G in our calculations. Our computed results are compared with those obtained by the global DGLAP fits to the parton distribution functions viz. GRV, MRST, MSTW and with the EHKQS model.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 5th paragraph of introduction has been slightly changed. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:hep-ph/0211239, arXiv:hep-ph/9902411 by other authors
The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: evidence for gravitational quenching
Creators: name: Genzel, R.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Förster
name: Lang, P.
name: Tacchella, S.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Bandara, K.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Buschkamp, P.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Davies, R.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Hicks, E. K. S.
name: Kurk, J.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Mancini, C.
name: Naab, T.
name: Newman, S.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Griffin, K. Shapiro
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Wisnioski, E.
name: Wuyts, E.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of the SINS/zC-SINF surveys of high-z galaxy kinematics, we derive the radial distributions of H-alpha surface brightness, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical mass at ~2 kpc resolution in 19 z~2 star-forming disks with deep SINFONI AO spectroscopy at the ESO VLT. From these data we infer the radial distribution of the Toomre Q-parameter for these main-sequence star forming galaxies (SFGs), covering almost two decades of stellar mass (10^9.6 to 10^11.5 solar masses). In more than half of our SFGs, the H-alpha distributions cannot be fit by a centrally peaked distribution, such as an exponential, but are better described by a ring, or the combination of a ring and an exponential. At the same time the kinematic data indicate the presence of a mass distribution more centrally concentrated than a single exponential distribution for 5 of the 19 galaxies. The resulting Q-distributions are centrally peaked for all, and significantly exceed unity there for three quarters of the SFGs. The occurrence of H-alpha rings and of large nuclear Q-values is strongly correlated, and is more common for the more massive SFGs. While our sample is small and there remain substantial uncertainties and caveats, our observations are consistent with a scenario in which cloud fragmentation and global star formation are secularly suppressed in gas rich high-z disks from the inside out, as the central stellar mass density of the disks grows.
description: submitted to ApJ
Insider Trading Deterrence versus Managerial Incentives: A Unified Theory of Section 16(b)
Creators: name: Fox, Merritt B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Stock exchanges
subject: Securities
subject: Insider trading in securities--Law and legislation
subject: Disclosure of information--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Debate over section 16(b) has generated more heat than light. Critics assert that it is totally ineffective in combating insider trading because all that an insider needs to do to avoid its bite is to wait six months before reversing the trade. Supporters of section 16(b) ignore this criticism and assert that anything but the broadest application of the statute will impede the war against insider trading. The theory developed here refines and focuses this debate. It shows that a penalty on short-swing trading, by prolonging the period of dediversification, does reduce trades based on inside information. It also shows that the penalty has costs: it reduces the attractiveness of management share ownership and share-price-based compensation and detracts from their effectiveness as methods of reducing agency costs.

The theory does not definitely answer the question whether section 16(b) should be retained. It does, however, point to the critical factors for making that determination: one's assessments of the harm, if any, that results from insider trading and of the extent to which lower levels of share ownership and share-price-based compensation increase agency costs. It also identifies the minimum characteristics necessary to justify inclusion of a class of paired transactions within section 16(b)'s reach if the statute is retained: the class must contain a larger portion of potential transactions motivated by inside information than officer-and-director transactions generally.

This rule of statutory reach is important. Whatever one's individual assessments of the factors cited above, section 16(b) is unlikely to be repealed in the foreseeable future. Public sentiment against insider trading is sufficiently strong that a proposal to eliminate the only provision in the Federal securities law that explicitly deals with such trading would meet overwhelming political opposition. Thus we must be sure that this rule of thumb is no cruder than it needs to be. A review of judicial and SEC decisionmaking shows there is significant room for improvement.
The Role of Social Media in New Caledonia’s Referendums on Self-determination
Creators: name: Maclellan, Nic
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: The French Pacific collectivity of New Caledonia has held two referendums on its political status under the 1998 Noumea Accord, on 4 November 2018 and 4 October 2020. Both referendums saw a majority of registered voters decide against independence, to remain within the French Republic. But the narrow margin of 57% ‘No’ to 43% ‘Yes’ in 2018, and a closer result 53% to 47% in 2020, suggests the territory will move to the third and final vote by 2022, as proposed under the agreement. Although traditional methods still dominated during the referendum campaigns (public meetings, rallies, posters and so forth), all political forces in New Caledonia have increased their use of social media. This In Brief discusses the use of social media by the main independence coalition Front de Libération Nationale Kanak et Socialiste (FLNKS), and by parties opposed to independence, such as Calédonie ensemble and the six-member alliance the Loyalists (Les Loyalistes). Cite the publication as The French Pacific collectivity of New Caledonia has held two referendums on its political status under the 1998 Noumea Accord, on 4 November 2018 and 4 October 2020. Both referendums saw a majority of registered voters decide against independence, to remain within the French Republic. But the narrow margin of 57% ‘No’ to 43% ‘Yes’ in 2018, and a closer result 53% to 47% in 2020, suggests the territory will move to the third and final vote by 2022, as proposed under the agreement. Although traditional methods still dominated during the referendum campaigns (public meetings, rallies, posters and so forth), all political forces in New Caledonia have increased their use of social media. This In Brief discusses the use of social media by the main independence coalition Front de Libération Nationale Kanak et Socialiste (FLNKS), and by parties opposed to independence, such as Calédonie ensemble and the six-member alliance the Loyalists (Les Loyalistes).
title: Kurze Uibersicht der Bestandtheile und der arzneilichen Wirkungen des Saidschitzer Bitterwassers; 1828
title: nebst der Anleitung zu dessen Gebrauch
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Reuss, Franz Ambrosius
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: In Fraktur
Off-resonance energy absorption in a linear Paul trap due to mass selective resonant quenching
Creators: name: Sivarajah, I.
name: Goodman, D. S.
name: Wells, J. E.
name: Narducci, F. A.
name: Smith, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear Paul r.f. ion traps (LPT) are used in many experimental studies such as mass spectrometry, atom-ion collisions and ion-molecule reactions. Mass selective resonant quenching (MSRQ) is implemented in LPT either to identify a charged particle's mass or to remove unwanted ions from a controlled experimental environment. In the latter case, MSRQ can introduce undesired heating to co-trapped ions of different mass, whose secular motion is off resonance with the quenching ac field, which we call off-resonance energy absorption (OREA). We present simulations and experimental evidence that show that the OREA increases exponentially with the number of ions loaded into the trap and with the amplitude of the off-resonance external ac field.
description: 14 figures
Climate change scenarios in Zambia: modeling farmers’ adaptation
Creators: name: Stadtbäumer, Charlotte
name: Ruesink, Brigitte
name: Gronau, Steven
Publisher: name: London : Biomed Central
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation
subject: Climate change
subject: Farm decision
subject: Mathematical optimization
subject: Refugee camp
subject: Zambia
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: Background: At the center of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by the United Nations is climate change. Analyzing adaptation processes is fundamental to enhance resilience in the poorest parts of the world. The analysis harmonizes top-down and bottom-up approaches by integrating general circulation models into the method of mathematical optimization. The article designs a quantitative farm planning model for rural Zambia and focuses on optimal allocation of land, labor and cultivation methods. Our research takes advantage of recent survey data of 277 Zambian households from 2018. The model simulates a baseline scenario, 2 climate change scenarios and 7 variations of farmers’ land availability, labor capacity and off-farm work possibility. This results in 21 possible future outcomes and farmer adaptations. Results: Climate change negatively affects future livelihoods at the study site. A dry climate decreases a farmer’s wealth by around 30% and a wet climate by nearly 20%. However, simulations show households are able to sustain their livelihood through adaptation processes at the farm level. Farmers’ variation in land size for crop cultivation indicates the strongest livelihood impacts in response to climate change. Increasing the land for cultivation is the best response, whereas a reduction of labor supply at the farm leads to households being more vulnerable to a changing climate. Off-farm employments reveal significant potential for climate change adaptation. An increase in work opportunities at a refugee camp nearby has a significant positive effect on rural livelihoods, without reducing the households’ farm production. The refugee camp, however, may imply future land competition. Conclusions: The study concludes climate change has a serious impact on farm yields and requires land and labor adjustments to prevent losses in wealth. Altering the cropping mix, reallocating planting times or changing farming techniques are meaningful instruments to respond to climate change at the study site. Agricultural intensification can increase the productivity per hectare and the mix of on- and off-farm work indicates income diversification as possible response to climate change. The analysis is specified to a rural farm context in Zambia, but is applicable to similar settings in sub-Saharan Africa and useful for local policy implementations towards climate change adaptation.
PLA2G6-associated Dystonia-Parkinsonism: Case Report and Literature Review
Creators: name: Karkheiran, Siamak
name: Shahidi, Gholam Ali
name: Walker, Ruth H.
name: Paisan-Ruiz, Coro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences

description: Background:Phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) caused by PLA2G6 mutations is a recessively inherited disorder with three known phenotypes: the typical infantile onset neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD); an atypical later onset form (atypical NAD); and the more recently recognized young-onset dystonia–parkinsonism (PLAN-DP).

Case Report: We report the clinical, radiological, and genetic findings of a young Pakistani male with PLAN-DP. We review 11 previously published case reports cited in PubMed, and summarize the demographic, clinical, genetic, and radiological data of the 23 patients described in those articles.

Discussion: PLAN-DP presents with diverse motor, autonomic, and neuropsychiatric features and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with young-onset neurodegenerative disorders.
Equality and Diversity: The Eighteenth-Century Debate About Equal Protection and Equal Civil Rights
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Civil rights
subject: Equality
subject: Freedom of religion
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Living, as we do, in a world in which our discussions of equality often lead back to the desegregation decisions, to the Fourteenth Amendment, and to the antislavery debates of the 1830s, we tend to allow those momentous events to dominate our understanding of the ideas of equal protection and equal civil rights. Indeed, historians have frequently asserted that the idea of equal protection first developed in the 1830s in discussions of slavery and that it otherwise had little history prior to its adoption into the U. S. Constitution. Long before the Fourteenth Amendment, however -- long before even the 1830s -- equal protection of the laws and equal civil rights were hardly notions unknown to Americans, who used these different standards of equality to address problems of religious diversity. In late eighteenth-century America -- a nascent nation in which territories, peoples, and religions were multiplying --Americans employed ideas of equal protection and equal civil rights to discuss their heterogeneity, and the ways in which they did this cannot help but be of interest. By examining how Americans used different standards of equality to address their diversity, we will be able, among other things, to observe the early development of ideas that have become increasingly central to our perceptions of ourselves and our polity and thereby have affected the development of our nation. Although more spacious than two hundred years ago, America is also more crowded with people and their perceptions of their differences, and, therefore, the history of how we addressed our heterogeneity in the eighteenth century may be of greater interest now than at any time before.
mHealth intervention development to support patients with active tuberculosis
Creators: name: Iribarren, Sarah
name: Beck, Susan L.
name: Pearce, Patricia F.
name: Chirico, Cristina
name: Etchevarria, Mirta
name: Rubenstein, Fernando
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health services administration
subject: Medical care
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Mobile Health (mHealth) based interventions have been increasingly used to improve a broad range of health outcomes. However, few researchers have reported on the process or the application of theory to guide the development of mHealth based interventions, or specifically for tuberculosis (TB) treatment management. Aims: To describe the steps, process, and considerations in developing a text messaging-based intervention to promote treatment adherence and provide support to patients with active TB. Methods: Traditional qualitative techniques, including semi-structured interviews, field notes, content analysis, iterative coding, and thematic analysis, were used to design and document the intervention development with a multidisciplinary team of researchers, clinicians, administrators, and patients who were in active TB treatment. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model was used to guide the coding scheme for content analysis of patient-directed TB educational material and intervention development. Results: The development steps included: a) establishing intervention components, including justifications, considerations, timing and frequency of components; b) developing educational messages, including cultural adaption, text or short message service (SMS) formatting, and prioritizing message delivery order; and c) determining implementation protocol. A set of 16 IMB-based messages were developed for the educational component. Final intervention development was achieved in 3 months. Conclusion: A collaborative approach and application of a theory to guide the intervention design and development is supported. Although a collaborative approach was more time consuming, it resulted in a more responsive, culturally appropriate, and comprehensive intervention. Considerations for developing a text messaging based intervention are provided and may serve as a guide for similar interventions. Further empirical evidence is needed for applying the IMB model for adherence-promotion in TB efforts.
A non-LTE radiative transfer model to study ionized outflows and disks. The case of MWC349A
Creators: name: Báez-Rubio, Alejandro
name: Martín-Pintado, Jesús
name: Thum, Clemens
name: Planesas, Pere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The best example of a massive star with an ionized outflow launched from its photoevaporating disk is MWC349A. The large amount of reported radio-continuum and radio-recombination line observations toward this galactic UC-HII region offers a unique possibility to build a model of the ionized envelope of this source. Aims. To understand the physical conditions and kinematics of the ionized region of the circumstellar disk and also of the outflow of MWC349A. Methods. We compared the bulk of radio-continuum maps, radio-recombination line profiles, and the H30alpha centroid map published to date with the predictions of our non-LTE 3D radiative transfer model, MORELI (MOdel for REcombination LInes), which we describe here in detail. Results. Our non-LTE 3D radiative transfer model provides new evidence that the UC-HII region of MWC349A is composed of an ionized circumstellar disk rotating in Keplerian fashion around a star of 38 solar mass, and an ionized outflow expanding with a terminal velocity of 60 km/s and rotating in the same sense as the disk. The model shows that while maser amplification is the dominant process involved for Hnαradio-recombination line (RRL) emission with quantum numbers n<41, stimulated emission is relevant for the emission of RRLs with n>41 up at least the H76alpha line. Conclusions. For the first time, we present a model of MWC349A which satisfactorily explains the vast amount of reported observational data for a very wide range of frequencies and angular resolutions.
Ion shock acceleration by large amplitude double layers in laser-produced plasmas
Creators: name: Eliasson, Bengt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kinetic model for the shock acceleration of ions in laser-produced plasmas is developed. A fraction of the warm ions are accelerated by the large amplitude monotonic potential of the double layer created due the plasma compression and electron heating by the laser. It is found that the amplitude of the large amplitude double layer is almost uniquely defined by the electron temperature. Therefore, a balance between electron heating and plasma compression is needed for optimal ion acceleration by this scheme. Typical Mach numbers of the monotonic shocks are close to 1.5. The scheme could potentially produce monoenergetic ions with a relative energy spread of less than 1 percent. The model is compared with recent simulations and experiments, where efficient shocks acceleration and production of monoenergetic protons have been observed. Similarities and differences with other shock models are pointed out and discussed.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Vector meson-nucleon scattering length $|α_{VN}|$ and trace anomalous energy contribution to the nucleon mass $T_{A}$
Creators: name: Han, Chengdong
name: Kou, Wei
name: Wang, Rong
name: Chen, Xurong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-energy scattering processes of vector meson and nucleon are an important window for studying non-perturbative QCD. The interaction of vector meson with nucleon, vector meson-nucleon scattering length $|α_{VN}|$, is an important component of the study of hadronic interactions. Nowadays many scattering length values $|α_{VN}|$ have been reported using the recent photoproduction experiment data or quasi data. In addition, the study of trace anomalous energy contribution to the proton mass is also a hot topic in non-perturbative QCD and hadron physics. However, it is difficult to measure proton trace anomalous energy experimentally, and the study of the trace anomaly of proton is still inconclusive. In this study, we established the relationship between the scattering length of the vector meson-proton $|α_{Vp}|$ and the trace anomaly contribution of the proton mass $T_{A}$. With the scattering length values extracted by using the Vector Meson Dominance model, we obtained the trace anomaly contribution of the proton mass $T_{A}$ = (22.8$\%$ $\pm$ 1.2$\%$), which is of similar order of magnitude as the 23$\%$ given by Lattice QCD calculation. We conjecture that the trace anomaly contribution of nucleon is independent of the type of vector meson probe. We hope that high precision measurements of vector meson-nucleon scattering length could give us a better chance to explore the origin of the nucleon mass.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.11276
The Legal Environment of International Finance: Thinking About Fundamentals
Creators: name: Fox, Merritt B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Stock exchanges
subject: Securities
subject: International trade
subject: Finance--Law and legislation
subject: Disclosure of information--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: International law
subject: Finance

description: A law, business, or public policy student entering the field of international finance will have a substantial advantage if she takes a course using the Scott and Wellons book entitled International Finance: Transactions, Policy, and Regulations. Most practitioners already working in the field will also find it useful reading since few of them know the range of institutional detail provided by these materials. The book is insufficiently comprehensive, however, to become the kind of classic that defines a field. Nor, with this limited focus, lack of bibliography, and lack of index, is it likely to become a standard reference work. Nevertheless, it is more than just another casebook. Its clear and concise materials illuminate the often mysterious and arcane details of the institutions of international finance and will open up a world about which many, absent its publication, would have remained ignorant. A future edition with a broadened focus would make the book that much more influential.
Phase diagram and piezoelectric response of (Ba1-xCax)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 solid solution
Creators: name: Fu, Desheng
name: Kamai, Yuto
name: Sakamoto, Naonori
name: Wakiya, Naoki
name: Suzuki, Hisao
name: Itoh, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the phase diagram of (Ba1-xCax)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 solid solution. It is found that substitution of smaller Ca ions for Ba ions can slightly increase the cubic-tetragonal(T) para-ferroelectric phase transition temperature and strongly decrease the T-orthorhombic (O) and O-rhombohedral (R) transition. This unique ferroelectric phase evolution is attributed to Ca off-centering effects. More importantly, lowering of the T-O or O-R phase transitions allows us to prepare the piezoelectric ceramics with a strain response as high as S/E~800 pm/V (E=10 kV/cm) over a wide range of compositions with x~0.1 - 0. 18 at room temperature, which may be interesting for piezoelectric applications.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. J. Phys.: Conden. Matter., 2013