cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Causal Explanations In Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Nielsen, Ulf Holm
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: causality
Bayesian networks
factor graphs
graphical models
explanation
abduction
most probable explanation

description: Explanations in Bayesian networks are usually probabilistic measures of how well a hypothesis is supported by observations. This observational based approach does not fulfill all the properties one would expect from an explanation. In particular, it does not include any notion of causality.

In this thesis, we investigate how causality can be used to allow for an interpretation of explanations as statements of cause and effect, between a hypothesis and observations. We detail how factor graphs can be used as an abstraction of Bayesian networks to perform efficient probabilistic inference in Bayesian network with the aim of using these methods to find explanations.

We provide a critique of existing approaches to explanation, and list the requirements for explanations that consider cause-effect relationships. We propose an algorithm for finding explanations that allows for causal interpretation as well as probabilistic. The algorithm is based on the concept of causal information flow and the search for explanations is inspired by feature selection.

The proposed approach is evaluated on two sample networks. The results are compared with those of existing approaches and we conclude that our proposed algorithm finds explanations that satisfy the requirements we defined for causal explanations.
Direct Constraints on the Impact of TP-AGB Stars on the SED of Galaxies from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Zibetti, Stefano
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Pasquali, Anna
name: Pierini, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new spectro-photometric NIR observations of 16 post-starburst galaxies especially designed to test for the presence of strong carbon features of thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) stars, as predicted by recent models of stellar population synthesis. Selection based on clear spectroscopic optical features indicating the strong predominance of stellar populations with ages between 0.5 and 1.5 Gyr and redshift around 0.2 allows us to probe the spectral region that is most affected by the carbon features of TP-AGB stars (unaccessible from the ground for z~0 galaxies) in the evolutionary phase when their impact on the IR luminosity is maximum. Nevertheless, none of the observed galaxies display such features. Moreover the NIR fluxes relative to optical are consistent with those predicted by the original Bruzual & Charlot (2003) models, where the impact of TP-AGB stars is much lower than has been recently advocated.
description: 3 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 284, 2011, "The Spectral Energy Distribution of Galaxies", R.J. Tuffs & C.C.Popescu, eds
Subcritical well-posedness results for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in dimension three and higher
Creators: name: Herr, Sebastian
name: Kinoshita, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in space dimension $d\geq 3$ is considered. It is proved that the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in $H^s(\mathbb{R}^d)$ in the full subcritical range $s>(d-4)/2$, which is optimal up to the endpoint. As a corollary, global well-posedness in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)$ and, under a smallness condition, in $H^1(\mathbb{R}^4)$, follow.
description: Almost orthogonal decompositions from arXiv:1905.01490 [math.AP] are adapted to the higher dimensional setting
Drinking water microflora biofilms and chlorine susceptibility
Creators: name: Schwering, Monika C.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biofilm
subject: Drinking Water
subject: Disinfection

description: Waterborne disease outbreaks are especially dangerous in immunocompromised individuals and can be caused by biofilm formation in water systems. The aim of this work was to collect a group of environmental isolates, including opportunistic pathogens, from treated water systems with the purpose of creating a model drinking water system biofilm. This model biofilm would be used to explore the resistance of biofilms to chlorine at levels typical of a water distribution system. Isolates for the model biofilm were collected from Calgary and Ontario, sequenced and then as single and multi-species biofilms exposed to chlorine. The resistance, biofilm structure and microbial community were examined. It was found that biofilm organisms are consistently more resistant than planktonic and that multi-species biofilms even more so. Little change was seen in biofilm communities after treatment. The 3D structure of the biofilm appeared to have a role in resistance by limiting diffusion and protecting inner cells.
Openaire Guidelines For Data Archive Managers V1.0
Creators: name: Elbaek, Mikael
name: Nielsen, Lars Holm
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: DataCite
OAI-OMH
Open Access
Guidelines

description: OpenAIRE gathers together research output related to European funding streams, with the aim of supporting open science and tracking research impact. This content consists of open access publications and related contextual information such as datasets, supplementary material, and research/project information. Two other sets of OpenAIRE guidelines exist for repository managers:

	OpenAIRE Guidelines for Literature Repositories 3.0
	OpenAIRE Guidelines for CRIS systems (CERIF standard) – In draft

The OpenAIRE Guidelines for Data Archive Managers 1.0 provides instruction for data archive managers to expose their metadata in a way that is compatible with the OpenAIRE infrastructure. The metadata from data archives should be included in the OpenAIRE information space, and exposed when data are related to an open access publication e.g. a dataset cited by an article. By implementing the OpenAIRE Guidelines data archive managers are facilitating the creation of enhanced publications and building the stepping-stones for a linked data infrastructure for research. Exposure and visibility of content from a range of European repositories will be significantly increased when a common and interoperable approach is taken and care to adhere to existing guidelines. OpenAIRE is happy to assist in adherence to these guidelines. This compatibility will lead to future interoperability between research infrastructures, and structured metadata is of benefit to individual data repositories and the scholarly community at large.
A Dataset for GitHub Repository Deduplication: Extended Description
Creators: name: Spinellis, Diomidis
name: Kotti, Zoe
name: Mockus, Audris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: GitHub projects can be easily replicated through the site's fork process or through a Git clone-push sequence. This is a problem for empirical software engineering, because it can lead to skewed results or mistrained machine learning models. We provide a dataset of 10.6 million GitHub projects that are copies of others, and link each record with the project's ultimate parent. The ultimate parents were derived from a ranking along six metrics. The related projects were calculated as the connected components of an 18.2 million node and 12 million edge denoised graph created by directing edges to ultimate parents. The graph was created by filtering out more than 30 hand-picked and 2.3 million pattern-matched clumping projects. Projects that introduced unwanted clumping were identified by repeatedly visualizing shortest path distances between unrelated important projects. Our dataset identified 30 thousand duplicate projects in an existing popular reference dataset of 1.8 million projects. An evaluation of our dataset against another created independently with different methods found a significant overlap, but also differences attributed to the operational definition of what projects are considered as related.
description: 33 pages, 33 figures, 17 listings
Visualizing key features in X-ray images of epoxy resins for improved material classification using singular value decomposition of deep learning features
Creators: name: Avalos, Edgar
name: Akagi, Kazuto
name: Nishiura, Yasumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the process variables of epoxy resins alter their mechanical properties, the visual identification of the characteristic features of X-ray images of samples of these materials is challenging. To facilitate the identification, we approximate the magnitude of the gradient of the intensity field of the X-ray images of different kinds of epoxy resins and then we use deep learning to discover the most representative features of the transformed images. In this solution of the inverse problem to finding characteristic features to discriminate samples of heterogeneous materials, we use the eigenvectors obtained from the singular value decomposition of all the channels of the feature maps of the early layers in a convolutional neural network. While the strongest activated channel gives a visual representation of the characteristic features, often these are not robust enough in some practical settings. On the other hand, the left singular vectors of the matrix decomposition of the feature maps, barely change when variables such as the capacity of the network or network architecture change. High classification accuracy and robustness of characteristic features are presented in this work.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Association between neighborhood social cohesion, awareness of chronic diseases, and participation in healthy behaviors in a community cohort
Creators: name: Rosenblatt, Andrew M.
name: Crews, Deidra C.
name: Powe, Neil R.
name: Zonderman, Alan B.
name: Evans, Michele K.
name: Tuot, Delphine S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table. Characteristics of the study population, by missingness of NSC.
An Exploration of How Interpersonal Relationship Development Between Undergraduate Learners and Instructors Impacts Student Engagement Within a Post-Secondary, Blended Delivery Environment
Creators: name: Peacock, Melanie Jessica
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Blended
subject: Delivery
subject: Undergraduate
subject: Learners
subject: engagement

description: Today’s dynamic educational landscape challenges post-secondary institutions to create engaging learning opportunities that meet a diversity of demands. In response to diverse requirements, including enhanced utilization of resources such as time and space, blended delivering curricula play an important role within post-secondary institutions and increased use of this pedagogy is anticipated. Blended delivery is a combination of face-to-face and online activities to create a distinct learning environment, thereby presenting increased choices and challenges to adult learners, instructors, and post-secondary institutions. While acknowledging the complexities within the educational landscape, scholarly research has endorsed the criticality of interpersonal relationship development between adult learners and instructors. Yet, little attention has been afforded to this important element within a post-secondary, undergraduate, blended delivery environment. To address this gap, this study explored adult learners’ and instructors’ experiences of interpersonal relationship development within a post-secondary, undergraduate, blended delivery learning environment and the impact of these relationship elements and dynamics on student engagement. Informed by social interdependence theory this qualitative research drew upon interpretive phenomenology. Through twelve interviews and explication of data, participants’ collective experiences were revealed which highlighted synergies that could be created through intersections between interpersonal relationship development themes of foundation, conversation, mutuality, and independence, which in turn, promoted deeper student engagement. Synergistic interpersonal elements and dynamics between adult learners and instructors illuminated how learning processes and interpersonal exchanges could be enacted to enhance student engagement in a post-secondary, undergraduate, blended delivery environment, thereby providing considerations for enhancing educational praxis. Opportunities to further explore and enhance critical interpersonal facets between adult learners and instructors within post-secondary, undergraduate, blended delivery environments were also identified from this study.
Systematic Investigation of Solar Modulation of Galactic Protons for Solar Cycle 23 using a Monte Carlo Approach with Particle Drift Effects and Latitudinal Dependence
Creators: name: Bobik, P.
name: Boella, G.
name: Boschini, M. J.
name: Consolandi, C.
name: Della Torre, S.
name: Gervasi, M.
name: Grandi, D.
name: Kudela, K.
name: Pensotti, S.
name: Rancoita, P. G.
name: Tacconi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A propagation model of galactic cosmic protons through the Heliosphere was implemented using a 2-D Monte Carlo approach to determine the differential intensities of protons during the solar cycle 23. The model includes the effects due to the variation of solar activity during the propagation of cosmic rays from the boundary of the heliopause down to Earth's position. Drift effects are also accounted for. The simulated spectra were found in agreement with those obtained with experimental observations carried out by BESS, AMS and PAMELA collaborations. In addition, the modulated spectrum determined with the present code for the year 1995 exhibits the latitudinal gradient and equatorial southward offset minimum found by Ulysses fast scan in 1995.
description: accepted for publication on The Astrophysical Journal
Automatic Fault Diagnosis for Rolling Element Bearings
Creators: name: Xu, Peng
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Bearing Diagnosis
subject: Envelope Analysis
subject: Band Selection
subject: Fault Signature Identification
subject: Wavelet Packet Transform
subject: Cepstrum

description: Vibration-based condition monitoring plays an important role in rolling element bearing maintenance. Based on features in bearing vibration signals, envelope analysis is very popular because of its effectiveness in bearing fault diagnostics. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on selection of the frequency band which has been accomplished manually. In this research, we develop an automated signal analysis procedure including frequency band selection and fault signature identification. Band selection is based on wavelet packet transform and signal energy decomposition. Wavelet packet transform decomposes the spectrum of a bearing vibration signal into finite frequency bands. Then Root Mean Square is applied to locate the band with the highest energy suitable for envelope analysis. Further, cepstrum analysis is employed to identify repetitive nature in the enveloped signal which is associated to bearing fault signature. The techniques developed are verified using experimental data from Bearing Data Center of Case Western Reserve University.
Greek Academic Libraries During A Period Of Economical Downturn: Strategies Of Survival Based On Self-Funding And Innovation
Creators: name: Papadaki Evangelia, Παπαδάκη Ευαγγελία
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Greek Academic Libraries
Economic Downturn
Surveys
M.O.P.A.B
Self-Funding
Innovation

description: Greek financial indicators are having been following a negative trajectory for three years by now and pressures for extended bugdet cuts are imposed in all economic domains. Greek Academic Libraries, which are completely depended on public funds, are also victims of that policy of budget reductions. Statistical data collected amd published annually by M.O.P.A.B., reflect clearly this situation for the years 2009 and 2010. At the same time, academic libraries worldwide have already mentioned their own experience from the economic downturn through papers and surveys, and they have also opened a coversation on the reaction strategies. This essay tries to impress the impact of current economic climate on Greek Academic Libraries and to suggest reacyion strattegies, based on the result of a primary survey conducted with this scope, in which 25 Greek Academic Libraries participated. In addition to that, the orientation to self-funding and innovation are examined as parts of integrated reaction model, also includes quality and active involvement.
Deconfounded Image Captioning: A Causal Retrospect
Creators: name: Yang, Xu
name: Zhang, Hanwang
name: Cai, Jianfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dataset bias in vision-language tasks is becoming one of the main problems which hinders the progress of our community. Existing solutions lack a principled analysis about why modern image captioners easily collapse into dataset bias. In this paper, we present a novel perspective: Deconfounded Image Captioning (DIC), to find out the answer of this question, then retrospect modern neural image captioners, and finally propose a DIC framework: DICv1.0 to alleviate the negative effects brought by dataset bias. DIC is based on causal inference, whose two principles: the backdoor and front-door adjustments, help us review previous studies and design new effective models. In particular, we showcase that DICv1.0 can strengthen two prevailing captioning models and can achieve a single-model 131.1 CIDEr-D and 128.4 c40 CIDEr-D on Karpathy split and online split of the challenging MS COCO dataset, respectively. Interestingly, DICv1.0 is a natural derivation from our causal retrospect, which opens promising directions for image captioning.
3D Geological Modeling from Concept Sketches and Annotations
Creators: name: Mendonça Amorim, Ronan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Sketch-Based Modeling
subject: 3D Geological Modeling
subject: Geological Maps
subject: Topographic Maps

description: During the early stages of any design project, specialists explore and refine ideas collaboratively by constructing conceptual models through hand-drawn sketches and renderings. The resulting models are then used to make decisions before moving to the detailed design phase of development. Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling (SBIM) is an area of research devoted to the development of computational tools to aid in this prototyping process. The main goal of SBIM is to construct models directly from hand-drawn sketches, leveraging the sketching skills of experts in different domains such as art, science, and engineering. In this thesis, I investigate the theory and practice of concept sketching applied to the problem of constructing conceptual models of geological structures describing subsurface environments. Geological models describe the disposition, geometry, and types of rocks in the subsurface, and are critical to a wide range of applications, such as oil/gas exploration. Current subsurface modeling workflows lack more interpretive and interactive modeling tools, which could enable experts to rapidly construct a variety of digital conceptual geological models directly from their interpretation sketches. In this thesis, I am addressing fundamental research in SBIM motivated by the challenges of constructing conceptual geological models from 2D hand-drawn sketches. This thesis explores the use of SBIM to complement existing geological modeling tools with more interpretive and interactive methods, with the goal of expediting the construction of concept geological structures described at the early stages of subsurface modeling. To this end, two new SBIM methods are proposed: (1) Geo-Editor aims to enable experts to more easily and rapidly edit/augment existing geological surfaces, using sketches directly in 3D with/without geological data. (2) Geo-Sketcher complements the previous approach by allowing the rapid construction of conceptual geological models from a blank-screen environment using rule-based SBIM. It leverages the standard language provided by geological and topographic maps to provide experts with a familiar notation for sketching. The results and feedback from domain experts demonstrate that the proposed methods can significantly reduce the time necessary to create or edit 3D geological models.
Scientists Need Libraries In The Age Of Internet
Creators: name: Birdie, Christina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Need for libraries, Internet access, Scientists-Librarians collaboration

description: This presentation was solicited for the panel discussion on 'Scientists need Libraries in the age of Internet', during the IAU GA at Beijing, in Aug.2012, organized by the WG libraries of IAU commission no.5.
title: Towards Post Development in India. Lessons of Community Resilience in Times of Crises
Creators: name: Kothari, Ashish
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: post-development
subject: COVID-19 crisis
subject: radical ecological democracy
subject: pluriverse
subject: 300
subject: Indien
subject: COVID-19
subject: Resilienz
subject: Post-Development

description: Author: Ashish Kothari is an Indian environmentalist working on development – environment interface, biodiversity policy, and alternatives. Environment and wildlife have been his passions since high school in Delhi, when (in 1978-79) he helped found Kalpavriksh, a non-profit organisation in India which deals with environmental and development issues. Since then, he has been associated with peoples’ movements like Narmada Bachao Andolan and Beej Bachao Andolan. He is also involved in coordinateing national and global networks like Vikalp Sangam and Global Tapestry of Alternatives.
Sociotechnical Effects of Machine Translation
Creators: name: Moorkens, Joss
name: Way, Andy
name: Lankford, Séamus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the previous chapters have shown how machine translation (MT) can be useful, in this chapter we discuss some of the side-effects and risks that are associated, and how they might be mitigated. With the move to neural MT and approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs), there is an associated impact on climate change, as the models built by multinational corporations are massive. They are hugely expensive to train, consume large amounts of electricity, and output huge volumes of kgCO2 to boot. However, smaller models which still perform to a high level of quality can be built with much lower carbon footprints, and tuning pre-trained models saves on the requirement to train from scratch. We also discuss the possible detrimental effects of MT on translators and other users. The topics of copyright and ownership of data are discussed, as well as ethical considerations on data and MT use. Finally, we show how if done properly, using MT in crisis scenarios can save lives, and we provide a method of how this might be done.
Additional file 1 of In vivo assessment of prostate cancer response using quantitative ultrasound characterization of ultrasonic scattering properties
Creators: name: Sharma, Deepa
name: Osapoetra, Laurentius Oscar
name: Faltyn, Mateusz
name: Giles, Anoja
name: Stanisz, Martin
name: Czarnota, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Nuclear size estimation of PC3 xenograft sections. Nuclear size assessment in PC3 tumour cross-sections following 24 h of treatment. Combined treatment of USMB and HT (246 kPa + 0 min; 246 kPa + 10 min; 246 kPa + 40 min; 246 kPa + 50 min; 570 kPa + 0 min; 570 kPa + 10 min; 570 kPa + 40 min and 570 kPa + 50 min) resulted in a significant difference in nuclear size compared to control (0 kPa + 0 min). An asterisk indicates P-values (p
Approximation in shift-invariant spaces with deep ReLU neural networks
Creators: name: Yang, Yunfei
name: Li, Zhen
name: Wang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the expressive power of deep ReLU neural networks for approximating functions in dilated shift-invariant spaces, which are widely used in signal processing, image processing, communications and so on. Approximation error bounds are estimated with respect to the width and depth of neural networks. The network construction is based on the bit extraction and data-fitting capacity of deep neural networks. As applications of our main results, the approximation rates of classical function spaces such as Sobolev spaces and Besov spaces are obtained. We also give lower bounds of the $L^p (1\le p \le \infty)$ approximation error for Sobolev spaces, which show that our construction of neural network is asymptotically optimal up to a logarithmic factor.
Double beta decay experiments
Creators: name: Barabash, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present status of double beta decay experiments is reviewed. The results of the most sensitive experiments are discussed. Proposals for future double beta decay experiments with a sensitivity to the $< m_ν >$ at the level of (0.01--0.1) eV are considered.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, 9 tables. Invited talk at the IV International Pontecorvo Neutrino Physics School, Alushta, Crimea, Ukraine, 26 September-6 October, 2010
Exploiting the Passive Dynamics of a Compliant Leg to Develop Gait Transitions
Creators: name: Salazar, Harold Roberto Martinez
name: Carbajal, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the area of bipedal locomotion, the spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model has been proposed as a unified framework to explain the dynamics of a wide variety of gaits. In this paper, we present a novel analysis of the mathematical model and its dynamical properties. We use the perspective of hybrid dynamical systems to study the dynamics and define concepts such as partial stability and viability. With this approach, on the one hand, we identified stable and unstable regions of locomotion. On the other hand, we found ways to exploit the unstable regions of locomotion to induce gait transitions at a constant energy regime. Additionally, we show that simple non-constant angle of attack control policies can render the system almost always stable.
Geostatistical interpolation and simulation of RQD measurements
Creators: name: Yu, Yang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The application of geostatistics to strongly skewed data has always been problematic. The ordinary geostatistical methods cannot deal with highly skewed data very well. Multi-Indicator methods are potential candidates for the interpolation of this type of datasets, but the workload associated with them is sometimes intimidating. In this study, six geostatistical estimators, namely, ordinary kriging, simple kriging, universal kriging, trend-only kriging, lognormal kriging and indicator kriging, as well as two deterministic estimating techniques – inverse distance weighted and nearest neighbor – were applied to a highly negatively skewed RQD dataset to determine which one is more appropriate for interpolating a geotechnical model, based on their summary statistics. Universal kriging was identified to be the best method, with the trend being modeled by a quadratic drift item and the residual being estimated with simple kriging. Two simulators – sequential Gaussian and sequential indicator – were applied in this thesis for the purpose of identifying the probabilistic distribution at each location and joint-distribution for multiple locations. A transfer function was defined to transform each of the realizations to a single conceptual cost value for the sake of risk analysis, based on the relation between RQD and tunnel support specifications summarized by Merritt (1972). The distribution of the cost values corresponding to all of the realizations are quasi-normal and no estimators except KT produced a cost value that was less than two standard deviations away from the mean, once again proving the smoothing effect of all linear weighted estimators. If high values account for a dominant percentage in the sample dataset, the estimated RQD models are likely to be over-pessimistic compared with their simulated counterparts. GSLIB was used in this thesis, which in its original form does not impose a limit on the maximum number of samples coming from the same borehole when performing either estimation or simulation. It is recommended to customize the source code of GSLIB to implement this constraint to check what effect it would have on the results, if some commercial FORTRAN compiler can be made handy.
Extreme Conditions Demand Extreme Responses: The Treatment of Women in Black Metal, Death Metal, Doom Metal, and Grindcore
Creators: name: Kitteringham, Sarah
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: WomenÕs Studies
subject: Music
subject: Canadian
subject: Women's Studies

description: This is a communicative research project that focuses on the treatment of women in extreme metal bands that stem from scenes in Canada. This research addresses the following question: using constructs derived from the Communication Theory of Identity, what are the contributions to studies in extreme metal that can be made by qualitative research on women's experiences of negotiating gender and identity as performers and fans in extreme metal scenes? It also chronicles the history and sounds of extreme metal, and outlines the extreme metal scene in Canada. The methods of inquiry include autoethnography, participant observation, and qualitative interviews. It found that among other challenges, women in extreme metal bands struggle with negative and reactionary responses from both males and females in the metal scene, and how they are represented in the media. Despite these issues, participants in this study identified the increasing number of women in extreme metal bands, and stated that discourse around gender was changing for the better.
Identifying Bugs in Make and JVM-Oriented Builds
Creators: name: Sotiropoulos, Thodoris
name: Chaliasos, Stefanos
name: Mitropoulos, Dimitris
name: Spinellis, Diomidis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Incremental and parallel builds are crucial features of modern build systems. Parallelism enables fast builds by running independent tasks simultaneously, while incrementality saves time and computing resources by processing the build operations that were affected by a particular code change. Writing build definitions that lead to error-free incremental and parallel builds is a challenging task. This is mainly because developers are often unable to predict the effects of build operations on the file system and how different build operations interact with each other. Faulty build scripts may seriously degrade the reliability of automated builds, as they cause build failures, and non-deterministic and incorrect build results. To reason about arbitrary build executions, we present buildfs, a generally-applicable model that takes into account the specification (as declared in build scripts) and the actual behavior (low-level file system operation) of build operations. We then formally define different types of faults related to incremental and parallel builds in terms of the conditions under which a file system operation violates the specification of a build operation. Our testing approach, which relies on the proposed model, analyzes the execution of single full build, translates it into buildfs, and uncovers faults by checking for corresponding violations. We evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and applicability of our approach by examining hundreds of Make and Gradle projects. Notably, our method is the first to handle Java-oriented build systems. The results indicate that our approach is (1) able to uncover several important issues (245 issues found in 45 open-source projects have been confirmed and fixed by the upstream developers), and (2) orders of magnitude faster than a state-of-the-art tool for Make builds.
Phonons in single and few-layer MoS2 and WS2
Creators: name: Molina-Sánchez, A.
name: Wirtz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ab-initio calculations of the phonon dispersion relations of the single-layer and bulk dichalcogenides MoS2 and WS2. We explore in detail the behavior of the Raman active modes, A1g and E2g as a function of the number of layers. In agreement with recent Raman spectroscopy measurements [C. Lee et. al., ACS Nano Vol. 4, 2695 (2010)] we find that the A1g mode increases in frequency with increasing layer number while the E2g mode decreases. We explain this decrease by an enhancement of the dielectric screening of the long-range Coulomb interaction between the effective charges with growing number of layers. This decrease in the long-range part over-compensates the increase of the short-range interaction due to the weak inter-layer interaction.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and acute oral toxicity of aqueous Ocotea minarum leaf extracts
Creators: name: Dantas, Fabiana Gomes Da Silva
name: Araújo, Renata De Pires De
name: Almeida-Apolonio, Adriana Araújo De
name: Castilho, Pamella Fukuda De
name: Oliveira, Fernanda De
name: Melyssa Negri
name: Oesterreich, Silvia Aparecida
name: Cardoso, Claudia Andrea Lima
name: Oliveira, Kelly Mari Pires De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Ocotea minarum (Nees & Mart.) Mez., a native species of Brazil, is used in the treatment of infections and oxidative stress; however, there is no scientific evidence of its toxicological characteristics. We assessed the cytotoxicity, mutagenic activity, and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extract isolated from O. minarum leaves. The cytotoxicity of this extract was evaluated in tumour and non-tumour cell lines, while the Ames test with a Salmonella Typhimurium was used to determine the mutagenic activity. Wistar rats received a single 2 g/kg dose as part of an LD50 toxicity assessment. Our results showed that the aqueous extract of O. minarum leaves did not present cytotoxic and mutagenic properties and was not toxic, with an LD50 greater than 2 g/kg. Therefore, the O. minarum extracts are pharmacologically safe and can continue to be investigated for the development of new drugs and herbal medicines.
The Effect of Inlet Conditions on the Turbulent Wake of a Surface Mounted Fence
Creators: name: Wei, Xiaojian
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: inlet condition
subject: surface-mounted fence
subject: K-H instability
subject: ‘shedding-type’ instability
subject: frequency

description: This thesis analyses the flow over a surface mounted fence (SMF) with two different inlet conditions. The fence causes a large modification of the inlet flow. Two different types of instabilities affect this flow geometry: the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the separated shear layer and a 'shedding-type' instability which affects the entire recirculation region. In this study, two δ/h ratios are investigated while maintaining the same Reynolds number. It was hypothesized that the δ/h ratio affects the frequency of the K-H instability and subsequently the 'shedding-type' insatiability. Time-averaged flow fields were compared between the two cases. In an unsteady analysis, the Strouhal number of the dominant frequency of the K-H instability was investigated. The Strouhal number varied between the two due to velocity gradient at the separation point. The 'shedding-type' instability was also investigated and was found to be intermittent.
Single-element dual-interferometer for precision inertial sensing
Creators: name: Yang, Yichao
name: Yamamoto, Kohei
name: Huarcaya, Victor
name: Vorndamme, Christoph
name: Penkert, Daniel
name: Barranco, Germán Fernández
name: Schwarze, Thomas S
name: Delgado, Juan Jose Esteban
name: Mehmet, Moritz
name: Jia, Jianjun
name: Heinzel, Gerhard
name: Álvarez, Miguel Dovale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tracking moving masses in several degrees of freedom with high precision and large dynamic range is a central aspect in many current and future gravitational physics experiments. Laser interferometers have been established as one of the tools of choice for such measurement schemes. Using sinusoidal phase modulation homodyne interferometry allows a drastic reduction of the complexity of the optical setup, a key limitation of multi-channel interferometry. By shifting the complexity of the setup to the signal processing stage, these methods enable devices with a size and weight not feasible using conventional techniques. In this paper we present the design of a novel sensor topology based on deep frequency modulation interferometry: the self-referenced single-element dual-interferometer (SEDI) inertial sensor, which takes simplification one step further by accommodating two interferometers in one optic. Using a combination of computer models and analytical methods we show that an inertial sensor with sub-picometer precision for frequencies above 10 mHz, in a package of a few cubic inches, seems feasible with our approach. Moreover we show that by combining two of these devices it is possible to reach sub-picometer precision down to 2 mHz. In combination with the given compactness, this makes the SEDI sensor a promising approach for applications in high precision inertial sensing for both next-generation space-based gravity missions employing drag-free control, and ground-based experiments employing inertial isolation systems with optical readout.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Elastic and electronic properties of fluorite RuO_2 from first principle
Creators: name: Yang, Z. J.
name: Guo, A. M.
name: Guo, Y. D.
name: Li, J.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Liu, Q.
name: Linghu, R. F.
name: Yang, X. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of fluorite RuO_2 under high pressure are investigated by plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory. The optimized lattice parameters, elastic constants, bulk modulus, and shear modulus are consistent with other theoretical values. The phase transition from modified fluorite-type to fluorite is 88 GPa (by localized density approximation, LDA) or 115.5 GPa (by generalized gradient approximation, GGA). The Young's modulus and Lamé's coefficients are also studied under high pressure. The structure turned out to be stable for the pressure up to 120 GPa by calculating elastic constants. In addition, the thermodynamic properties, including the Debye temperature, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, Grüneisen parameter, and Poisson's ratio, are investigated. A small band gap is found in the electronic structure of fluorite RuO_2 and the bandwidth increases with the pressure. Also, the present mechanical and electronic properties demonstrate that the bonding nature is a combination of covalent, ionic, and metallic contributions.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
On closed embeddings of free topological algebras
Creators: name: Banakh, T.
name: Hryniv, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08B20, 54H10, 54H11, 54B30, 54E20

description: Let $\mathcal K$ be a complete quasivariety of completely regular universal topological algebras of continuous signature $\mathcal E$ (which means that $\mathcal K$ is closed under taking subalgebras, Cartesian products, and includes all completely regular topological $\mathcal E$-algebras algebraically isomorphic to members of $\mathcal K$). For a topological space $X$ by $F(X)$ we denote the free universal $\mathcal E$-algebra over $X$ in the class $\mathcal K$. Using some extension properties of the Hartman-Mycielski construction we prove that for a closed subspace $X$ of a metrizable (more generally, stratifiable) space $Y$ the induced homomorphism $F(X)\to F(Y)$ between the respective free universal algebras is a closed topological embedding. This generalizes one result of V.Uspenskii concerning embeddings of free topological groups.
description: 3 pages
Covering Large Balls with Convex Sets in Spherical Space
Creators: name: Bezdek, Karoly
name: Schneider, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If the n-dimensional unit sphere is covered by finitely many spherically convex bodies, then the sum of the inradii of these bodies is at least π. This bound is sharp, and the equality case is characterized.
description: 7 pages
Els grups de treball del COBDC: una mostra
Creators: name: COBDC,
Publisher: name: Item: revista de biblioteconomia i documentació
Year: 2023

description: En aquest apartat d’Experiències d’aquest número dedicat a l’associacionisme no podem deixar de donar veu als grups de treball del Col·legi de Bibliotecaris i Documentalistes de Catalunya. Ara mateix, en el COBDC, hi tenen seu dotze grups de treball que continuen abordant temàtiques concretes en benefici de tots els professionals. Així ara, us presentem les respostes que alguns dels grups de treball del Col·legi ens han fet arribar a partir d’un petit qüestionari. Agraïm a tots els grups del Col·legi la seva participació.
description: Item: revista de biblioteconomia i documentació, 2023: Núm.:75
Additional file 2 of In vivo assessment of prostate cancer response using quantitative ultrasound characterization of ultrasonic scattering properties
Creators: name: Sharma, Deepa
name: Osapoetra, Laurentius Oscar
name: Faltyn, Mateusz
name: Giles, Anoja
name: Stanisz, Martin
name: Czarnota, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. BSCs plot obtained from an in vivo prostate tumour model pre-and-post 24 h after USMB and HT treatment. A representative plot of the measured BSC and its best-fit theoretical BSC from the SGM model for 570 kPa + 50 min HT group at pre-and post-treatment is shown. An increase in backscattering is observed at 24 h post-treatment.
Accurate simulation of q-state clock model
Creators: name: Li, Guanrong
name: Pai, Kwok Ho
name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We accurately simulate the phase diagram and critical behavior of the $q$-state clock model on the square lattice by using the state-of-the-art loop optimization for tensor network renormalzation(loop-TNR) algorithm. The two phase transition points for $q \geq 5$ are determined with very high accuracy. Furthermore, by computing the conformal scaling dimensions, we are able to accurately determine the compactification radius $R$ of the compactified boson theories at both phase transition points. In particular, the compactification radius $R$ at high-temperature critical point is precisely the same as the predicted $R$ for Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. Moreover, we find that the fixed point tensors at high-temperature critical point also converge(up to numerical errors) to the same one for large enough $q$ and the corresponding operator product expansion(OPE) coefficient of the compactified boson theory can also be read out directly from the fixed point tensor.
description: 16 pages, 31 figures
Evidence of Magnetic Correlations Among the Charge Stripe Electrons of Charge-Stripe Ordered La2NiO4.11
Creators: name: Freeman, P. G.
name: Hayden, S. M.
name: Mole, R. A.
name: Enderle, M.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Boothroyd, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic excitations of charge-stripe ordered La2NiO4.11 where investigated using polarized- and unpolarized-neutron scattering to determine the magnetic excitations of the charge stripe electrons. We observed a magnetic excitation mode consistent with the gapped quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic correlations of the charge stripe electrons previously observed in La(2-x)Sr(x)NiO(4) x = 1/3 and x = 0.275.
description: Accepted to appear in the conference proceedings of the European Conference on Neutron Scattering, 2011