cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A quantitative EO-based assessment of the number of workers in agriculture with crops damaged or destroyed (SFDRR indicator B-5a)
Creators: name: Urrutia, II, J. Manuel
name: Riembauer, Guido
name: Scheffczyk, Konstantin
name: Huerta, Brenda
name: Neteler, Markus
name: Walz, Yvonne
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth Observation
subject: Sentinel-1
subject: Flooding
subject: Ecuador
subject: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The "Development and VALidation of Earth observation-based indicators for the monitoring of the Sendai framework using the example of flooding in Ecuador" project (VALE) was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). VALE developed an innovative method to derive Earth observation (EO) based information products for indicator B-5a of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) and validated it based on an existing database on flood loss and damage in Ecuador. The main objectives of VALE were:

To further develop the automated derivation of floodplains based on earth observation data to a small scale for providing the information product of flood hazard in Ecuador;
To derive the B-5a indicator of the SFDRR for the example of flood losses based on the combination of flood hazard with exposure and vulnerability in Ecuador;
To validate the earth observation-based SFDRR indicator B-5a with in-situ measurements of actual loss and damage due to flooding.
The overall aim of VALE was to support countries in implementing the SFDRR. The project team collaborated with the National Service for Risk and Emergency Management of the Government of Ecuador (SNGRE) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) to ensure that the development and validation of this methodology was in line with the national and international approach of implementing the SFDRR.
The VALE project developed a methodology (see figure below) to calculate values of SFDRR indicator B-5a (the number of workers in agriculture with damaged or destroyed crops) in two sub-national administrative units. The calculation of indicator B-5a can be applied in specific regions and times of interest, and can be calculated using freely available radar satellite data (Sentinel-1), combined with additional data that governments may have, such as the statistical agency's census data, the disaster management agency's flood risk vulnerability data, and the agricultural ministry's agricultural workers data and land cover data on where agricultural lands and specific crops are located.
Scientific basis for this Knowledge Package

Urrutia II, JM., Scheffczyk, K., Riembauer, G., Mendoza, J., Yanez, D., Jímenez, S., Ramírez, A., Acosta, M., Arguello, J., Huerta, B., Neteler, M., Walz, Y. (2022) A validated geospatial model approach for monitoring progress of the Sendai Framework: The example of people affected in agriculture due to flooding in Ecuador. Progress in Disaster Science, accepted 12 May 2022, publication in progress.
Using Earth Observations to Calculate Ratio of Land Consumption Rate to Population Growth Rate
Creators: name: UN Habitat
name: Earth Observations for the Sustainable Development Goals
name: Group On Earth Observations
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Human Settlements
Earth Observation Data
Population
Population Growth Rate
Urban Growth Rate

description: How you can use this Knowledge Package?
Users can leverage the Toolkit's resources (e.g., tools, training resources) to visualize and assess available data and more quickly access data of interest to compute indicator 11.3.1.
Overview
Earth observations (EO) can be used to characterize the physical properties of urban land cover and land use, and quantify changes. Large archives of satellite data from the USGS/ NASA Landsat and EU/ESA Copernicus Programme, among others, offer unprecedented capabilities for identifying and analyzing patterns of urbanization and types of built-up structures. EO also indirectly support the generation of disaggregated maps of global, regional or national census data. 
This application allows the monitoring urban growth and comparing it with other key national and demographic indicators and this gives planners and data analysts good insights. 
This is application is part of the The Earth Observations Toolkit for Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements (unhabitat.org) 
Methods and required resources
The EO data sets described above primarily use EO technology to extract relevant metrics and inform indicator 11.3.1. Some familiarity with EO tools and techniques for processing, interpreting and manipulating geospatial data products can be beneficial. Users should also be familiar with some of the inherent limitations of these data sets, as described above.
Defining the cellular precursors to human breast cancer
Creators: name: Prat, A.
name: Dong, S.
name: Schnitt, S.
name: Smith, A. E.
name: Naber, S. P.
name: Keller, P. J.
name: Kuperwasser, C.
name: Arendt, L. M.
name: Klebba, I.
name: Garlick, J. A.
name: Perou, C. M.
name: Gilmore, H.
name: Logvinenko, T.
name: Skibinski, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Human breast cancers are broadly classified based on their gene-expression profiles into luminal- and basal-type tumors. These two major tumor subtypes express markers corresponding to the major differentiation states of epithelial cells in the breast: luminal (EpCAM+) and basal/myoepithelial (CD10+). However, there are also rare types of breast cancers, such as metaplastic carcinomas, where tumor cells exhibit features of alternate cell types that no longer resemble breast epithelium. Until now, it has been difficult to identify the cell type(s) in the human breast that gives rise to these various forms of breast cancer. Here we report that transformation of EpCAM+ epithelial cells results in the formation of common forms of human breast cancer, including estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative tumors with luminal and basal-like characteristics, respectively, whereas transformation of CD10+ cells results in the development of rare metaplastic tumors reminiscent of the claudin-low subtype. We also demonstrate the existence of CD10+ breast cells with metaplastic traits that can give rise to skin and epidermal tissues. Furthermore, we show that the development of metaplastic breast cancer is attributable, in part, to the transformation of these metaplastic breast epithelial cells. These findings identify normal cellular precursors to human breast cancers and reveal the existence of a population of cells with epidermal progenitor activity within adult human breast tissues.
Revealing the Semantics of Data Wrangling Scripts With COMANTICS
Creators: name: Xiong, Kai
name: Luo, Zhongsu
name: Fu, Siwei
name: Wang, Yongheng
name: Xu, Mingliang
name: Wu, Yingcai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data workers usually seek to understand the semantics of data wrangling scripts in various scenarios, such as code debugging, reusing, and maintaining. However, the understanding is challenging for novice data workers due to the variety of programming languages, functions, and parameters. Based on the observation that differences between input and output tables highly relate to the type of data transformation, we outline a design space including 103 characteristics to describe table differences. Then, we develop COMANTICS, a three-step pipeline that automatically detects the semantics of data transformation scripts. The first step focuses on the detection of table differences for each line of wrangling code. Second, we incorporate a characteristic-based component and a Siamese convolutional neural network-based component for the detection of transformation types. Third, we derive the parameters of each data transformation by employing a "slot filling" strategy. We design experiments to evaluate the performance of COMANTICS. Further, we assess its flexibility using three example applications in different domains.
Diabetes promotes an inflammatory macrophage phenotype and atherosclerosis through acyl-CoA synthetase 1
Creators: name: Barnhart, S.
name: Chait, A.
name: Pennathur, S.
name: Averill, M. M.
name: Kramer, F.
name: Braun, K. R.
name: Sanda, S.
name: Li, L. O.
name: Potter-Perigo, S.
name: Yuan, W.
name: Becker, L.
name: Serhan, C. N.
name: Vivekanandan-Giri, A.
name: Coleman, R. A.
name: Bornfeldt, K. E.
name: Vickery, T.
name: Wight, T. N.
name: Kanter, J. E.
name: Heinecke, J. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Author contributions: J.E.K., L.B., C.N.S., and K.E.B. designed research; J.E.K., F.K., S.B., M.M.A., A.V.-G., T.V., L.O.L., L.B., K.R.B., and S.P.-P. performed research; W.Y., A.C., S.S., T.N.W., J.W.H., and R.A.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; J.E.K., L.B., S.S., S.P., and K.E.B. analyzed data; and J.E.K. and K.E.B. wrote the paper.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of candidate red supergiant stars in clusters
Creators: name: Messineo, Maria
name: Qingfeng, Zhu
name: Ivanov, Valentin D.
name: Figer, Donald F.
name: Davies, Ben
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Kudritzki, Rolf P.
name: Chen, C. -H. Rosie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clear identifications of Galactic young stellar clusters farther than a few kpc from the Sun are rare, despite the large number of candidate clusters. We aim to improve the selection of candidate clusters rich in massive stars with a multiwavelength analysis of photometric Galactic data that range from optical to mid-infrared wavelengths. We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of five candidate stellar clusters, which were selected as overdensities with bright stars (Ks < 7 mag) in GLIMPSE and 2MASS images. A total of 48 infrared spectra were obtained. The combination of photometry and spectroscopy yielded six new red supergiant stars with masses from 10 Msun to 15 Msun. Two red supergiants are located at Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(16.7deg,-0.63deg) and at a distance of about ~3.9 kpc; four other red supergiants are members of a cluster at Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(49.3deg,+0.72deg) and at a distance of ~7.0 kpc. Spectroscopic analysis of the brightest stars of detected overdensities and studies of interstellar extinction along their line of sights are fundamental to distinguish regions of low extinction from actual stellar clusters. The census of young star clusters containing red supergiants is incomplete; in the existing all-sky near-infrared surveys, they can be identified as overdensities of bright stars with infrared color-magnitude diagrams characterized by gaps.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted to A&A 2014
Near-infrared line identification in type Ia supernovae during the transitional phase
Creators: name: Friesen, Brian
name: Baron, E.
name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Parrent, Jerod T.
name: Thomas, R. C.
name: Miller, Timothy R.
name: Marion, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared synthetic spectra of a delayed-detonation hydrodynamical model and compare them to observed spectra of four normal type Ia supernovae ranging from day +56.5 to day +85. This is the epoch during which supernovae are believed to be undergoing the transition from the photospheric phase, where spectra are characterized by line scattering above an optically thick photosphere, to the nebular phase, where spectra consist of optically thin emission from forbidden lines. We find that most spectral features in the near-infrared can be accounted for by permitted lines of Fe II and Co II. In addition, we find that [Ni II] fits the emission feature near 1.98 μm, suggesting that a substantial mass of 58Ni exists near the center of the ejecta in these objects, arising from nuclear burning at high density. A tentative identification of Mn II at 1.15 μm may support this conclusion as well.
description: accepted to ApJ
title: Hegemonic masculinities, caste, and the body: interactions in local and transnational spaces
Creators: name: Kaur, Navjotpal
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: I frame the current dissertation in theories of hegemonic masculinity, geographies of masculinities, embodiment, and feminist political ecology. For this research, I conducted a total of 45 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with men belonging to the upper Jat caste in Punjab and Canada. The work is comprised of three standalone but interrelated research articles addressing Jat masculinities in local and transnational spaces, the relationship of Jats with the land, and caste embodiment. In the first article, I explore how upper caste Jat masculinities interact with space and arable land. That is, I address the geographical contingency of hegemonic masculinities and how they are produced, constituted, and contested in relation to the land. Findings suggest that ownership of arable land is crucial to the construction and performance of Jat masculinities and a threat to the loss of land gives rise to vulnerabilities and challenges to which men respond by strategizing their masculine performances. The second article considers how body and embodiment interact with caste and masculinities. In this article, I explore why caste visibility is important in the constitution of Jat masculinities and how caste visibility is achieved through the male body in local and transnational spaces. Findings suggest that the processes through which caste is embodied overlap with the principles of hegemonic masculinity and they both complement each other. The third article focuses on Jat men in transnational spaces in Canada. By exploring Jat men’s experiences as international students in Canada, I explore how landownership, caste identity and transnational communication shape Jat masculinities in transnational spaces. Findings suggest that landownership in Punjab remains an important determining factor for young men’s masculinities in Canada. I also investigate how these young men are ‘othered’ in transnational spaces and how their masculinities are negotiated in such contexts.
Differences in intradomain and interdomain motion confer distinct activation properties to structurally similar G  proteins
Creators: name: Temple, B. R. S.
name: Jones, J. C.
name: Dohlman, H. G.
name: Jones, A. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Proteins with similar crystal structures can have dissimilar rates of substrate binding and catalysis. Here we used molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical analysis to determine the role of intradomain and interdomain motions in conferring distinct activation rates to two Gα proteins, Gαi1 and GPA1. Despite high structural similarity, GPA1 can activate itself without a receptor, whereas Gαi1 cannot. We found that motions in these proteins vary greatly in type and frequency. Whereas motion is greatest in the Ras domain of Gαi1, it is greatest in helices αA and αB from the helical domain of GPA1. Using protein chimeras, we show that helix αA from GPA1 is sufficient to confer rapid activation to Gαi1. Gαi1 has less intradomain motion than GPA1 and instead displays interdomain displacement resembling that observed in a receptor–heterotrimer crystal complex. Thus, structurally similar proteins can have distinct atomic motions that confer distinct activation mechanisms.
The Future as Practice. A Framework to Understand Anticipation in Science and Technology
Creators: name: Alvial-Palavicino, Carla
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: The future has become a common theme in governance of contemporary societies, particularly in the context of technological development. It is presented as open and uncertain, which, either as an opportunity or as a threat, demands a sense of urgency. Concretely, the future is embodied and made present through expectations, which have a performative effect in the constitution of socio-technical fields. These expectations are embedded in socio-material practices, through which they are produced, shared, shaped and contested. In this essay, I propose a framework to understand anticipation as a set of interrelated techno-scientific practices, which I call an anticipatory assemblage. This perspective has two contributions: first, it allows an in-depth understanding of phenomena such as technological hype cycles. Secondly, it frames the performative aspect of expectations in relation to governance, by considering how a series of anticipatory practices co-produce techno-scientific fields. I specify this framework using the case of two emerging technologies: graphene and 3D printing, for which I stress some of the differences in anticipatory practices and governance.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
MASADA - Massive Spatial Automatic Data Analytics
Creators: name: Corbane, Christina
name: Florczyk, Aneta J.
name: Pesaresi, Martino
name: Politis, Panagiotis
name: Syrris, Vasileios
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2019
Subjects: GHSL
Landsat 8
Land Cover
Built-up Areas
Urban
Earth Observations Toolkit for Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements

description: MASADA is a public tool for the detection of built-up areas from remote sensing data. MASADA stands for Massive Spatial Automatic Data Analytics. It has been developed in the frame of the "Global Human Settlement Layer" (GHSL) project of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, with the overall objective to support the production of settlement layers at regional scale, by processing high and very high resolution satellite imagery. The tool builds on the Symbolic Machine Learning (SML) classifier; a supervised classification method of remotely sensed data which allows extracting built-up information using a coarse resolution settlement map or a land cover information for learning the classifier. The image classification workflow incorporates radiometric, textural and morphological features as inputs for information extraction. Though being originally developed for built-up areas extraction, the SML classifier is a multi-purpose classifier that can be used for general land cover mapping provided there is an appropriate training data set. The tool supports several types of multispectral optical imagery. It includes ready-to-use workflows for specific sensors, but at the same time, it allows the parametrization and customization of the workflow by the user. Currently it includes predefined workflows for SPOT-5, SPOT-6/7, RapidEye and CBERS-4, but it was also tested with various high and very high resolution sensors like GeoEye-1, WorldView-2/3, Pléiades and Quickbird. The software is designed for the processing of single scenes but also for batch processing of large data sets.
Related materials
This resource is associated with the Earth Observations Toolkit for Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements. If you want to learn more about it, please, check the EO Toolkit portal (https://eotoolkit.unhabitat.org/), a place where you will find use cases, learning material, and many other tools and resources related to the Sustainable Development Goal 11 and New Urban Agenda.
Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ materials for spectrally multiplexed quantum memories
Creators: name: Thiel, Charles W.
name: Sinclair, Neil
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
name: Cone, Rufus L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relevant spectroscopic properties of the 795 nm $^3$H$_6$$\leftrightarrow$$^3$H$_4$ transition in 1% Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ at temperatures as low as 1.2 K for optical quantum memories based on persistent spectral tailoring of narrow absorption features. Our measurements reveal that this transition has uniform coherence properties over a 56 GHz bandwidth, and a simple hyperfine structure split by $\pm$44 MHz/T with lifetimes of up to hours. Furthermore, we find a $^3$F$_4$ population lifetime of 64 ms -- one of the longest lifetimes observed for an electronic level in a solid --, and an exceptionally long coherence lifetime of 490 $μ$s -- the longest ever observed for optical transitions of Tm$^{3+}$ ions in a crystal. Our results suggest that this material allows realizing broadband quantum memories that enable spectrally multiplexed quantum repeaters.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Monte Carlo Computation of Spectral Density Function in Real-Time Scalar Field Theory
Creators: name: Abbasi, Navid
name: Davody, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-perturbative study of "real-time" field theories is difficult due to the sign problem. We use Bold Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equations to study the real-time $ϕ^4$ theory in $d=4$ beyond the perturbative regime. Combining SD equations in a particular way, we derive a non-linear integral equation for the two-point function. Then we introduce a new method by which one can analytically perform the momentum part of loop integrals in this equation. The price we must pay for such simplification is to numerically solve a non-linear integral equation for the spectral density function. Using Bold diagrammatic Monte Carlo method we find non-perturbative spectral function of theory and compare it with the one obtained from perturbation theory. At the end we utilize our Monte Carlo result to find the full vertex function as the basis for the computation of real-time scattering amplitudes.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Dissecting the substrate recognition of 3-O-sulfotransferase for the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparin
Creators: name: Moon, A. F.
name: Krahn, J. M.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Pedersen, L. C.
name: Liu, J.
name: Linhardt, R. J.
name: Woody, S. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Heparin is a polysaccharide-based natural product that is used clinically as an anticoagulant drug. Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) is an enzyme that transfers a sulfo group to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine unit. 3-OST is present in multiple isoforms, and the polysaccharides modified by these different isoforms perform distinct biological functions. 3-OST isoform 1 (3-OST-1) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparin. Here, we report the crystal structure of the ternary complex of 3-OST-1, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate, and a heptasaccharide substrate. Comparisons to previously determined structures of 3-OST-3 reveal unique binding modes used by the different isoforms of 3-OST for distinguishing the fine structures of saccharide substrates. Our data demonstrate that the saccharide substrates display distinct conformations when interacting with the different 3-OST isoforms. Site-directed mutagenesis data suggest that several key amino residues, including Lys259, Thr256, and Trp283 in 3-OST-3 and Arg268 in 3-OST-1, play important roles in substrate binding and specificity between isoforms. These results deepen our understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of heparan sulfate and provide structural information for engineering enzymes for an enhanced biosynthetic approach to heparin production.
Leveraging machine learning for less developed languages: Progress on Urdu text detection
Creators: name: Ali, Hazrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Text detection in natural scene images has applications for autonomous driving, navigation help for elderly and blind people. However, the research on Urdu text detection is usually hindered by lack of data resources. We have developed a dataset of scene images with Urdu text. We present the use of machine learning methods to perform detection of Urdu text from the scene images. We extract text regions using channel enhanced Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) method. First, we classify text and noise based on their geometric properties. Next, we use a support vector machine for early discarding of non-text regions. To further remove the non-text regions, we use histogram of oriented gradients (HoG) features obtained and train a second SVM classifier. This improves the overall performance on text region detection within the scene images. To support research on Urdu text, We aim to make the data freely available for research use. We also aim to highlight the challenges and the research gap for Urdu text detection.
description: Accepted at NeurIPS ML4D workshop. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.08060
Dysregulation of fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Creators: name: Dittmer, D. P.
name: Makowski, L.
name: Freemerman, A. J.
name: Bhatt, A. P.
name: Rathmell, J. C.
name: Damania, B.
name: Jacobs, S. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The metabolic differences between B-NHL and primary human B cells are poorly understood. Among human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a unique subset that is linked to infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We report that the metabolic profiles of primary B cells are significantly different from that of PEL. Compared with primary B cells, both aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) are up-regulated in PEL and other types of nonviral B-NHL. We found that aerobic glycolysis and FAS occur in a PI3K-dependent manner and appear to be interdependent. PEL overexpress the fatty acid synthesizing enzyme, FASN, and both PEL and other B-NHL were much more sensitive to the FAS inhibitor, C75, than primary B cells. Our findings suggest that FASN may be a unique candidate for molecular targeted therapy against PEL and other B-NHL.
Glycerolipid signals alter mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) to diminish insulin signaling
Creators: name: Zhang, C.
name: Wendel, A. A.
name: Chen, J.
name: Harris, T. E.
name: Coleman, R. A.
name: Keogh, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Increased flux through the glycerolipid synthesis pathway impairs the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. To determine the mechanism by which glycerolipids impair insulin signaling, we overexpressed glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 (GPAT1) in primary mouse hepatocytes. GPAT1 overexpression impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt-S473 and -T308, diminished insulin-suppression of glucose production, significantly inhibited mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) activity and decreased the association of mTOR and rictor. Conversely, in hepatocytes from Gpat1−/− mice, mTOR-rictor association and mTORC2 activity were enhanced. However, this increase in mTORC2 activity in Gpat1−/− hepatocytes was ablated when rictor was knocked down. To determine which lipid intermediate was responsible for inactivating mTORC2, we overexpressed GPAT1, AGPAT, or lipin to increase the cellular content of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), phosphatidic acid (PA), or diacylglycerol (DAG), respectively. The inhibition of mTOR/rictor binding and mTORC2 activity coincided with the levels of PA and DAG species that contained 16:0, the preferred substrate of GPAT1. Furthermore, di-16:0-PA strongly inhibited mTORC2 activity and disassociated mTOR/rictor in vitro. Taken together, these data reveal a signaling pathway by which phosphatidic acid synthesized via the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway inhibits mTORC2 activity by decreasing the association of rictor and mTOR, thereby down-regulating insulin action. These data demonstrate a critical link between nutrient excess, TAG synthesis, and hepatic insulin resistance.
Compact Object Candidates with K/M-dwarf Companions from LAMOST Low-resolution Survey
Creators: name: Mu, Hui-Jun
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Yi, Tuan
name: Zheng, Ling-Lin
name: Sou, Hao
name: Bai, Zhong-Rui
name: Zhang, Hao-Tong
name: Lei, Ya-Juan
name: Li, Cheng-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for compact objects (black holes, neutron stars, or white dwarfs) in the Milky Way is essential for understanding the stellar evolution history, the physics of compact objects, and the structure of our Galaxy. Compact objects in binaries with a luminous stellar companion are perfect targets for optical observations. Candidate compact objects can be achieved by monitoring the radial velocities of the companion star. However, most of the spectroscopic telescopes usually obtain stellar spectra at a relatively low efficiency, which makes a sky survey for millions of stars practically impossible. The efficiency of a large-scale spectroscopic survey, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope (LAMOST), presents a specific opportunity to search for compact object candidates, i.e., simply from the spectroscopic observations. Late-type K/M stars are the most abundant populations in our Galaxy. Owing to the relatively large Keplerian velocities in the close binaries with a K/M-dwarf companion, a hidden compact object could be discovered and followed-up more easily. In this study, compact object candidates with K/M-dwarf companions are investigated with the LAMOST low-resolution stellar spectra. Based on the LAMOST Data Release 5, we obtained a sample of $56$ binaries, each containing a K/M-dwarf with a large radial velocity variation $ΔV_{\rm R} > 150~{\rm km~s}^{-1}$. Complemented with the photometric information from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, we derived a sample of $35$ compact object candidates, among which, the orbital periods of $16$ sources were revealed by the light curves. Considering two sources as examples, we confirmed that a compact object existed in the two systems by fitting the radial velocity curve. This study demonstrates the principle and the power of searching for compact objects through LAMOST.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol.65 No.2:229711
GHS-POPWARP – Population Warping
Creators: name: Maffenini, Luca
name: Schiavina, Marcello
name: Freire, Sergio
name: Melchiorri, Michele
name: Kemper, Thomas
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: GHSL
Landsat 8
Land Cover
Urban
Settlement Model

description: The Population Warping tool (GHS-POPWARP) is a tool designed to preserve total volume during the warping process, essential in the reprojection of population grids.
Use of this tool is especially recommended to prepare custom population grids (i.e. not produced with the GHS-POP2G tool) for input to the GHS-DUG and GHS-DU-TUC tools.
Domestic water versus imported virtual blue water for agricultural production: A comparison based on energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions
Creators: name: Smolka, Georg
name: Kosatica, Ervin
name: Berger, Markus
name: Kissinger, Meidad
name: Fridman, Dor
name: Koellner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::628 Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
subject: agricultural water use
subject: energy for water
subject: industrial ecology
subject: Israel
subject: virtual water flows
subject: greenhouse gas emissions

description: The supply of water, food, and energy in our global economy is highly interlinked. Virtual blue water embedded into internationally traded food crops has therefore been extensively researched in recent years. This study focuses on the often neglected energy needed to supply this blue irrigation water. It provides a globally applicable and spatially explicit approach to the watershed level for water source specific quantification of energy consumption and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigation water supply. The approach is applied to Israel's total domestic and imported food crop supply of 105 crops by additionally including import‐related transportation energy and emissions. Total energy use and related emissions of domestic crop production were much lower (551 GWh/422 kt CO2‐equivalents [CO2e]) than those embedded into crop imports (1639 GWh/649 kt CO2e). Domestic energy and emissions were mainly attributable to the irrigation water supply with artificial water sources (treated domestic wastewater and desalinated water, 84%). Transport accounted for 79% and 66% of virtually imported energy and emissions, respectively. Despite transport, specific GHG emissions (CO2e per ton of crop) were significantly lower for several crops (e.g., olives, almonds, chickpeas) compared to domestic production. This could be attributed to the high share of energy‐intensive artificial water supply in combination with higher irrigation water demands in Israel. In the course of an increasing demand for artificial water supply in arid and semi‐arid regions, our findings point to the importance of including “energy for water” into comparative environmental assessment of crop supply to support decision‐making related to the water–energy–food nexus.
BKV, CMV, and EBV Interactions and their Effect on Graft Function One Year Post-Renal Transplantation: Results from a Large Multi-Centre Study
Creators: name: Blazquez-Navarro, Arturo
name: Dang-Heine, Chantip
name: Wittenbrink, Nicole
name: Bauer, Chris
name: Wolk, Kerstin
name: Sabat, Robert
name: Westhoff, Timm H.
name: Sawitzki, Birgit
name: Reinke, Petra
name: Thomusch, Oliver
name: Hugo, Christian
name: Or-Guil, Michal
name: Babel, Nina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: BK virus
subject: Cytomegalovirus
subject: Epstein-Barr virus
subject: Kidney transplantation
subject: Graft function
subject: Combined reactivation
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background BK virus (BKV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivations are common after kidney transplantation and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although CMV might be a risk factor for BKV and EBV, the effects of combined reactivations remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the interaction and effects on graft function of these reactivations. Methods 3715 serum samples from 540 kidney transplant recipients were analysed for viral load by qPCR. Measurements were performed throughout eight visits during the first post-transplantation year. Clinical characteristics, including graft function (GFR), were collected in parallel. Findings BKV had the highest prevalence and viral loads. BKV or CMV viral loads over 10,000 copies·mL−1 led to significant GFR impairment. 57 patients had BKV-CMV combined reactivation, both reactivations were significantly associated (p = 0.005). Combined reactivation was associated with a significant GFR reduction one year post-transplantation of 11.7 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 (p = 0.02) at relatively low thresholds (BKV > 1000 and CMV > 4000 copies·mL−1). For EBV, a significant association was found with CMV reactivation (p = 0.02), but no GFR reduction was found. Long cold ischaemia times were a further risk factor for high CMV load. Interpretation BKV-CMV combined reactivation has a deep impact on renal function one year post-transplantation and therefore most likely on long-term allograft function, even at low viral loads. Frequent viral monitoring and subsequent interventions for low BKV and/or CMV viraemia levels and/or long cold ischaemia time are recommended. Fund Investigator Initiated Trial; financial support by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
Bounded Invariant Checking for Stateflow
Creators: name: Filipovikj, Predrag
name: Ung, Gustav
name: Gurov, Dilian
name: Nyberg, Mattias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stateflow models are complex software models, often used as part of industrial safety-critical software solutions designed with Matlab Simulink. Being part of safety-critical solutions, these models require the application of rigorous verification techniques for assuring their correctness. In this paper, we propose a refutation-based formal verification approach for analyzing Stateflow models against invariant properties, based on bounded model checking (BMC). The crux of our technique is: i) a representation of the state space of Stateflow models as a symbolic transition system (STS) over the symbolic configurations of the model, and ii) application of incremental BMC, to generate verification results after each unrolling of the next-state relation of the transition system. To this end, we develop a symbolic structural operational semantics (SSOS) for Stateflow, starting from an existing structural operational semantics (SOS), and show the preservation of invariant properties between the two. We define bounded invariant checking for STS over symbolic configurations as a satisfiability problem. We develop an automated procedure for generating the initial and next-state predicates of the STS, and a prototype implementation of the technique in the form of a tool utilising standard, off-the-shelf satisfiability solvers. Finally, we present preliminary performance results by applying our tool on an illustrative example and two industrial models.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2103.06248
Graph fission in an evolving voter model
Creators: name: Lloyd, A. L.
name: Durrett, R.
name: Gleeson, J. P.
name: Shi, F.
name: Sivakoff, D.
name: Varghese, C.
name: Socolar, J. E. S.
name: Mucha, P. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We consider a simplified model of a social network in which individuals have one of two opinions (called 0 and 1) and their opinions and the network connections coevolve. Edges are picked at random. If the two connected individuals hold different opinions then, with probability 1 - α, one imitates the opinion of the other; otherwise (i.e., with probability α), the link between them is broken and one of them makes a new connection to an individual chosen at random (i) from those with the same opinion or (ii) from the network as a whole. The evolution of the system stops when there are no longer any discordant edges connecting individuals with different opinions. Letting ρ be the fraction of voters holding the minority opinion after the evolution stops, we are interested in how ρ depends on α and the initial fraction u of voters with opinion 1. In case (i), there is a critical value αc which does not depend on u, with ρ ≈ u for α > αc and ρ ≈ 0 for α < αc. In case (ii), the transition point αc(u) depends on the initial density u. For α > αc(u), ρ ≈ u, but for α < αc(u), we have ρ(α,u) = ρ(α,1/2). Using simulations and approximate calculations, we explain why these two nearly identical models have such dramatically different phase transitions.
title: Impacts of climate change on pollution (bathing and shellfish)
Creators: name: Wither, Andrew
name: Stapleton, Carl
name: Wyer, Mark
name: McDonald, Adrian
name: Kay, David
Publisher: name: Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), Lowestoft, UK
Year: 2013

description: MCCIP Science Review 2013, 252-256
A Transdisciplinary Gaze on Wireless Community Networks
Creators: name: Crabu, Stefano
name: Giovanella, Federica
name: Maccari, Leonardo
name: Magaudda, Paolo
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: This conversation aims at offering a transdisciplinary gaze on the phenomenon of wireless community networks: an emerging typology of local wireless infrastructures, which is built by activists as political and technological statement to face the hierarchical governance of the Internet and the issues of surveillance and control over digital networks. By a transdicliplinary gaze – emerging from the dialogue between science and technology studies (STS), legal studies, and computer science – this conversation focuses on the multi-modal ways and perspectives that can be adopted to study CNs; it also offers a reflection on challenges and opportunities arising from trasndisciplinary scientific work. In the field of STS, a growing body of literature has addressed CNs as an emblematic case study to analyse the engagement of activists and lay people in the emergence of socio-technical infrastructures and technologies. From a computer science perspective, community networks represent a challenge to develop new routing protocols, and standards to technically implement a bottom-up-approach in the building and management of innovative network architectures. Finally, from the point of view of legal studies, CNs offer the case of a still largely unregulated emerging technology, offering a novel field to test existing laws, especially under the point of view of the possible allocation of civil liability.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
At a Loss at the Loss at Sea: Families of the Missing Migrants of the Mediterranean and the (Bermuda) Triangle of Space, Articulation, and Justice
Creators: name: AlBader, Bader
name: Benson, Odessa Gonzalez
name: Besprozvany, Vadim
name: Siciliano, Antonio
name: Godin, Elena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Over the past decade, thousands have been recorded dead or missing after attempting to cross the sea from north Africa to southern Europe. In contrast to the governmental apathy to this plight, behind these missing people are those who steadfastly remain in search, demanding answers and seeking closure. Drawing on an intimate engagement with Tunisian families involved in activism, this article highlights the tripartite lacuna within which they find themselves: The slipping of their sons into the black box of intercontinental “illegal” immigration betrays the contingency of their narratives and the illusiveness of closure. We attend to these families’ responses to finding themselves in search of loved ones effectively, if not actually, lost at sea. By thinking with and through their efforts, we decenter the locus of Mediterranean-borne stories from statist and Eurocentric anxieties to a particular set of subaltern experiences. Linking these intimate geographies to the political landscapes in which they are imbricated serves to show how (inter)subjectivity at the familial scale is not detached from (geo)political imagination. By triangulating between space, stories, and sapience in these families’ experiences, we recognize in their yearning and striving amidst a spatially conditioned injustice an articulation of a familial mythos underpinning a situated geopolitical intervention from below. Still, the families live the day-to-day, their hearts yearning for a reunion here and now, their eyes fixed on the northern (event) horizon. May their eyes find coolness.
Repair in Socio-technical Systems. The Repair of a Machine Breakdown that Turned into the Repair of a Shop
Creators: name: Colmellere, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: This article aims to deepen our understanding of repair work in sociotechnical systems. It is based on three main bodies of literature, which are specifically attentive to materiality: STS studies on repair, studies of breakdowns and technological change in organisation studies and the sociology of work, and occupation studies in industrial workplaces. The present case study deals with a repair of a material device that is used by managers to repair the shop’s organization and restore their authority in the workplace. However, this attempt to repair the shop jeopardizes the repair of the machine. It reveals that the repair of socio-technical system combine different lines of repair – material and organisational, mundane and transformative – which are for some of them complementary, divergent for others.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
Monitoring ROS2: from Requirements to Autonomous Robots
Creators: name: Perez, Ivan
name: Mavridou, Anastasia
name: Pressburger, Tom
name: Will, Alexander
name: Martin, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1; D.2.4; I.2.9;

description: Runtime verification (RV) has the potential to enable the safe operation of safety-critical systems that are too complex to formally verify, such as Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2) applications. Writing correct monitors can itself be complex, and errors in the monitoring subsystem threaten the mission as a whole. This paper provides an overview of a formal approach to generating runtime monitors for autonomous robots from requirements written in a structured natural language. Our approach integrates the Formal Requirement Elicitation Tool (FRET) with Copilot, a runtime verification framework, through the Ogma integration tool. FRET is used to specify requirements with unambiguous semantics, which are then automatically translated into temporal logic formulae. Ogma generates monitor specifications from the FRET output, which are compiled into hard-real time C99. To facilitate integration of the monitors in ROS2, we have extended Ogma to generate ROS2 packages defining monitoring nodes, which run the monitors when new data becomes available, and publish the results of any violations. The goal of our approach is to treat the generated ROS2 packages as black boxes and integrate them into larger ROS2 systems with minimal effort.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181