cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Input Price Risk and the Adoption of Conservation Technology
Creators: name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Schoengold, Karina
name: Sunding, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: price risk
subject: technology adoption
subject: matching
subject: propensity score

description: Replaced with revised version of poster 07/12/11.
Hierarchical Merging, Ultraluminous and Hyperluminous X-ray Sources
Creators: name: King, Andrew R.
name: Dehnen, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various arguments strongly suggest that the population of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs: apparent X-ray luminosity > Eddington limit for 10 Msun ~10^39 erg/s) in nearby galaxies are mostly stellar-mass X-ray binaries in unusual evolutionary stages. However there are indications that the very brightest systems may be difficult to explain this way. Accordingly we consider the class of hyperluminous X-ray sources (HLXs) (i.e. those with apparent bolometric luminosities >~10^41 erg/s). Because this class is small (currently only the M82 object is a secure member) we do not need to invoke a new formation mechanism for its black holes. We explore instead the idea that HLXs may be the nuclei of satellite galaxies captured during hierarchical merging. The observed correlation between AGN and tidal interactions implies that HLX activity would switch on during passage through the host galaxy, close to pericentre. This suggests that HLXs should appear near the host galaxy, be associated with star formation, and thus possibly with ULXs.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 4 pages, no figures
Mean-field description of dynamical collapse of a fermionic condensate in a trapped boson-fermion mixture
Creators: name: Adhikari, Sadhan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a time-dependent dynamical mean-field-hydrodynamic model for the collapse of a trapped boson-fermion condensate and perform numerical simulation based on it to understand some aspects of the experiment by Modugno et al. [Science 297, 2240 (2002)] on the collapse of the fermionic condensate in the 40K-87Rb mixture. We show that the mean-field model explains the formation of a stationary boson-fermion condensate at zero temparature with relative sizes compatible with experiment. This model is also found to yield a faithful representation of the collapse dynamics in qualitative agreement with experiment. In particular we consider the collapse of the fermionic condensate associated with (a) an increase of the number of bosonic atoms as in the experiment and (b) an increase of the attractive boson-fermion interaction using a Feshbach resonance. Suggestion for experiments of fermionic collapse using a Feshbach resonance is made.
description: 8 pages, 7 PS figures, minor modifications in response to editor's comments, Physical Review A (accepted)
Implementing Rural-Urban Disaggregated Food Demand in a Partial Equilibrium Model
Creators: name: Mason-D'Croz, Daniel
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Leroy, Laetitia
name: Mason-D'Croz, Daniel
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Leroy, Laetitia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Partial Equilibrium Models
subject: Disaggregated Food Demand
subject: IMPACT model
subject: Food Security

description: Global general and partial equilibrium models focused on the agricultural sector can help policy makers do ex-ante analysis by providing a variety of macro-level outcomes, such as changes in flows of international trade, and changes in the supply, demand, and prices of globally traded commodities. IFPRI’s IMPACT model (International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade) model is one such model. Since its inception nearly 20 years ago the model has evolved to inform increasingly complex and nuanced policy issues, such as the explicit modeling of water use and the productive response of agriculture to climate change. However, on the demand side it has remained a fairly blunt instrument. One oft mentioned shortcoming of global food policy models such as IMPACT model is that they treat national populations as a single composite consumer. As (relatively) wealthier urban and poorer rural populations exhibit different demand characteristics, have different base levels of food consumption, and have different levels of wealth, assigning a single representative consumer for an entire country could result in misleading results regarding both global prices and consumption and the food security of the poorer segments of the population. In this poster we present a global partial equilibrium food security model with disaggregated demand. Working from the IMPACT model, we divided national populations into their urban and rural components. Studies have shown that rural and urban consumers, as well as poor and rich consumers, have structurally different food demands. Accordingly, we assign different demand elasticities (price and income), different base consumption (at the commodity level), and different incomes to sub-populations populations within each country. We have completed an extensive study of the food demand literature, using the findings to develop parameters to represent the structural differences in urban and rural food demand (see right for explanation of this process). We use rural/urban population and income data and projections from the UN to complete the disaggregation.
Leptoquarks in Oblique Corrections and Higgs Signal Strength: Status and Prospects
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Mueller, Dario
name: Saturnino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptoquarks (LQs) are predicted within Grand Unified Theories and are well motivated by the current flavor anomalies. In this article we investigate the impact of scalar LQs on Higgs decays and oblique corrections as complementary observables in the search for them. Taking into account all five LQ representations under the Standard Model gauge group and including the most general mixing among them, we calculate the effects in $h\toγγ$, $h\to gg$, $h \to Z γ$ and the Peskin-Takeuchi parameters $S$, $T$ and $U$. We find that these observables depend on the same Lagrangian parameters, leading to interesting correlations among them. While the current experimental bounds only yield weak constraints on the model, these correlations can be used to distinguish different LQ representations at future colliders (ILC, CLIC, FCC-ee and FCC-hh), whose discovery potential we are going to discuss.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, interaction term added, version accepted for publication in JHEP, added CEPC limits, corrected minor typos
Is there a gender gap in housing? Marital property rights in Ecuador
Creators: name: Twyman, Jennifer
name: Deere, Carmen Diana
name: Twyman, Jennifer
name: Deere, Carmen Diana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: homeownership
subject: gender
subject: marital regime
subject: partial community property rights
subject: Ecuador

description: This study conducts a gender analysis of homeownership in Ecuador, drawing upon data collected through the nationally-representative 2010 Ecuador Household Asset Survey carried out by the authors. The survey collected data on asset ownership both at the household and individual levels. This allows us to overcome a typical problem faced by gender analyses, that of only having the sex of the household head and not the sex of the owner(s). The study explores gender differences in homeownership and housing wealth. There is fairly equal distribution of homeownership and housing wealth, which is not all that surprising given the partial community property marital regime. Any property purchased during marriage or while in a consensual union is considered joint property, unless it is inherited, in which case it is considered individually-owned property. This plus the fact that housing is an asset typically acquired during marriage/consensual union may help explain the relatively egalitarian distribution pattern of housing ownership and housing wealth. There are, however, gender differences in the determinants of homeownership and housing wealth. Past migration is associated with women owning homes and owning more housing wealth but does not seem to impact men’s homeownership or housing wealth. An extra year of schooling increases men’s housing wealth more than women’s housing wealth and women living in the coastal region own less housing wealth than men in the region.
A Chandra observation of the X-ray environment and jet of 3C296
Creators: name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Laing, R. A.
name: Bridle, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the twin-jet radio galaxy 3C296 with Chandra. X-ray emission is detected from the nucleus, from the inner parts of the radio jet, and from a small-scale thermal environment around the jet deceleration region. As we have found in previous observations of other twin-jet radio galaxies, the X-ray jet and a steep pressure gradient in the external thermal environment are associated with the region where strong bulk deceleration of the jet material is suggested by radio observations. Our observations provide additional evidence that the inner jets of twin-jet objects are always associated with a relatively cool, dense central X-ray emitting component with a short cooling time.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. MNRAS accepted
Education for all and the educational aspirations of Malawians
Creators: name: Chiwaya-Kishindo, Emma Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This case study examines the phenomenon of education in Malawi in its real-life context. It is based on the Free Primary Education policy that was implemented in 1994 as a response to the World Conference on 'Education for All' (WCEFA) held in Thailand in 1990. WCEFA emphasized education as a human right and key to uplifting living standards of the poor in developing countries. The research inquiry focuses on whether Education for All (EFA) serves the best interests of people in developing countries, and examines the potential of Malawian schools to prepare children for active participation in a global economy. The children's perspectives and those of their parents on the role of education in their everyday lives are also examined using the human capital and modernization theories, and Serpell's (1993) Alternative Metaphors for Schooling. Data was collected following a mixed-mode research design (a survey, interviews, focus group discussions, and study of documents) in 2001 and 2003 from a convenient sample of teachers, in- and out-of-school students, parents, and from archival documents. The findings show that faith in the efficacy of education is entrenched in most Malawian minds. However, the current schooling conditions are inadequate for preparing children for active participation in a market economy, be it at home or internationally. Further, the study highlights the discrepancy between proposed educational practices and the lived experience of teachers, children, and parents in Malawi to the extent that the application of a general universal education philosophy such as EFA, while admirable, in some instances stifles people's resourcefulness in finding solutions to their everyday problems. The conclusion I draw from doing this study is that faith in education in itself, or a professed desire by governments for education for all, is not enough to help improve the human condition in developing countries. A more appropriate investment in human capital for developing countries should include school experiences that develop skills that are useful even in the absence of paid work such as leadership and creative problem solving skills rather than solely focusing on modern sector jobs which are hard to find in many developing countries.
The Integration of Palestinian-Israeli Labour Markets: A CGE Approach
Creators: name: Flaig, Dorothee
name: Siddig, Khalid H.A.
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Luckmann, Jonas
name: McDonald, Scott
name: Flaig, Dorothee
name: Siddig, Khalid H.A.
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Luckmann, Jonas
name: McDonald, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: labor market
subject: CGE

description: A high number of Palestinian workers used to work in Israel for decades. They are mostly employed in low-skilled jobs in Israeli sectors which are highly dependent on foreign labour, namely agriculture and construction. With the beginning of the second Intifada in 2000 border restrictions increased severely due to security concerns, limiting employment possibilities for Palestinians and leaving Palestine with severe unemployment and loss of income. Israeli employers have substituted Palestinian workers with an increasing number of foreign workers, mostly coming from Asia. Growing unemployment among Israeli unskilled workers caused Israel to impose quotas on the employment of foreigners. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the benefits of lifting movement and access restrictions between Israel and the West Bank for both economies. The macro-economic effects of the Israeli labour policy are important to determine the absorptive capacity of the Israeli labour market. Therefore, we use an extended version of the single country CGE model “STAGE” (McDonald, 2009), adapted to a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Israel for the year 2004 (Siddig et al., forthcoming), to simulate the effects of different Israeli labour policy regimes.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/12/11.
Additional file 5 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Type I IFN production is induced in pDCs and pDC-NK or pDC-B cell co-cultures stimulated with RNA-IC.
Crystallization of GeO2 thin films into alpha-quartz: from spherulites to single crystals
Creators: name: Zhou, Silang
name: Antoja-Lleonart, Jordi
name: Nukala, Pavan
name: Ocelik, Vaclav
name: Lutjes, Nick R.
name: Noheda, Beatriz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Piezoelectric quartz SiO2 crystals are widely used in industry as oscillators. As a natural mineral, quartz and its relevant silicates are also of interest of geoscience and mineralogy. However, the nucleation and growth of quartz crystals is difficult to control and not fully understood. Here we report successful solid state crystallization of thin film of amorphous GeO2 into quartz on various substrates including Al2O3, MgAl2O4, MgO, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. At relatively low annealing temperatures, the crystallization process is spherulitic: with fibers growing radially from the nucleation centers and the crystal lattice rotating along the growth direction with a linear dependence between the rotation angle and the distance to the core. For increasingly higher annealing temperatures, quartz crystals begin to form. The edges of the sample play an important role facilitating nucleation followed by growth sweeping inward until the whole film is crystallized. Control of the growth allows single crystalline quartz to be synthesized. Our study reveals the complexity of the nucleation and growth process of quartz and provides insight for further studies.
Improving the Effectiveness of PL 480 Food and Agricultural Commodity Assistance
Creators: name: Ferguson, Donald S.
name: Ferguson, Donald S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: The authorizing legislation for grant and concessional credit food and agricultural commodity assistance is The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (Public Law 480) of 1954 as amended. This paper provides a brief description of the major provisions of PL 480 as they relate to administration and programming of food and agricultural commodity assistance. The five principal food and commodity assistance programs are: Title I - Concessional loans to finance the purchase of surplus food and other agricultural commodities; Title II - Grants of food through private voluntary Agencies and the World Food Program; Title II, Section 206 - Grants of food to governments for resale to finance food distribution and development activities; Title III - Concessional loans as under Title I but with loans forgiveness provisions if the sales proceeds are used to finance a jointly agreed development program; and, Section 416 (of the Agricultural Act)- Grants of food commodities from surplus stocks of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) for a variety of purposes including, "Food for Progress."
Additional file 3 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Clinical characteristics of SLE patients and their treatment at the time of blood sampling.
Are Organic Farmers Really Better Off Than Conventional Farmers?
Creators: name: Hiroki, Uematsu
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Hiroki, Uematsu
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: organic farming
subject: propensity score matching
subject: nearest neighbor matching
subject: average treatment effect

description: We employed the propensity score matching and estimated the causal effect of being certified organic crop producers on farm household income and its various components in the United States. Contrary to the standard assumption in economic analysis, certified organic farmers do not earn significantly higher household income than conventional farmers. Certified organic crop producers earn higher revenue but they incur higher production expenses. In particular, certified organic producers spend significantly more on labor expenses, insurance payments, and marketing charges than conventional farmers. The results suggest that early adopters of organic farmers have done so for non pecuniary reasons and the lack of economic incentives can be an important barrier to conversion to organic farming in the United States.
Additional file 4 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Figure S2. Type III IFN production is induced in pDCs and pDC-B cell co-cultures stimulated with RNA containing immune complexes (RNA-IC).
Evolutionary Multi-Objective Design of SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitor Candidates
Creators: name: Cofala, Tim
name: Elend, Lars
name: Mirbach, Philip
name: Prellberg, Jonas
name: Teusch, Thomas
name: Kramer, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: I.2.8; J.3

description: Computational drug design based on artificial intelligence is an emerging research area. At the time of writing this paper, the world suffers from an outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. A promising way to stop the virus replication is via protease inhibition. We propose an evolutionary multi-objective algorithm (EMOA) to design potential protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2's main protease. Based on the SELFIES representation the EMOA maximizes the binding of candidate ligands to the protein using the docking tool QuickVina 2, while at the same time taking into account further objectives like drug-likeliness or the fulfillment of filter constraints. The experimental part analyzes the evolutionary process and discusses the inhibitor candidates.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PPSN 2020
Additional file 1 of Gender differences in specialty preference among medical Students at Aleppo University: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Malke Asaad
name: Obada Zayegh
name: Joud Badawi
name: Hmidi, Zina Shikh
name: Alhamid, Ahmad
name: Tarzi, Mario
name: Agha, Sarab
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Shaikym, M.A.
Publisher: name: Вестник науки
Year: 2025
Subjects: motivation
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
student engagement
EFL learning
instructional strategies
second language

description: this study explores the involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, their effect on engagement, and preferred instructional techniques. A quantitative survey of 43 university students showed that intrinsic motivation (enjoyment and self improvement), rather than extrinsic factors (career goals) drives engagement and extrinsic factors (career goals) sustained learning efforts. The findings show that students are more actively participated and the tasks are completed more efficiently using interactive activities, digital tools and teacher feedback as the most effective instructional strategies. Results are in line with previous research and suggests the importance of the student centered and engaging teaching approaches to increase motivation in EFL learning.
Additional file 2 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Methods. Gene expression microarray. Single-cell RNA expression profiling
On the Probability distribution function of particle density at the edge of fusion devices
Creators: name: Sattin, F.
name: Vianello, N.
name: Valisa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Probability Distribution Function (PDF) Pn(n) of the particle density at the edge of several magnetic fusion devices, including tokamaks, stellarators, and linear devices, is known to be strongly non-gaussian. In this paper we present experimental results from RFX Reversed Field Pinch [G. Rostagni, Fus. Eng. Design 25, 301 (1995)], confirming the universal shape of Pn also for RFP's. An explanation for the form of Pn is attempted, on the basis of simple conservation equations. The model result is shown to fitted fairly well empirical data in a few different experimental scenarios.
description: 16 pages. Final version, accepted by Phys. Plasmas
Fluctuations in the level density of a Fermi gas
Creators: name: Leboeuf, P.
name: Monastra, A. G.
name: Relano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory that accurately describes the counting of excited states of a noninteracting fermionic gas. At high excitation energies the results reproduce Bethe's theory. At low energies oscillatory corrections to the many--body density of states, related to shell effects, are obtained. The fluctuations depend non-trivially on energy and particle number. Universality and connections with Poisson statistics and random matrix theory are established for regular and chaotic single--particle motion.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
A pulsed ion microscope to probe quantum gases
Creators: name: Veit, C.
name: Zuber, N.
name: Herrera-Sancho, O. A.
name: Anasuri, V. S. V.
name: Schmid, T.
name: Meinert, F.
name: Löw, R.
name: Pfau, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of the quantum gas microscope allowed for the in situ probing of ultracold gaseous matter on an unprecedented level of spatial resolution. The study of phenomena on ever smaller length scales as well as the probing of three-dimensional systems is, however, fundamentally limited by the wavelength of the imaging light, for all techniques based on linear optics. Here we report on a high-resolution ion microscope as a versatile and powerful experimental tool to investigate quantum gases. The instrument clearly resolves atoms in an optical lattice with a spacing of $532\,\text{nm}$ over a field of view of 50 sites and offers an extremely large depth of field on the order of at least $70\,μ\text{m}$. With a simple model, we extract an upper limit for the achievable resolution of approximately $200\,\text{nm}$ from our data. We demonstrate a pulsed operation mode which in the future will enable 3D imaging and allow for the study of ionic impurities and Rydberg physics.
Measuring Food Safety Control in U.S. Hog Farms Using a Composite Indicator
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety control
subject: hog farm
subject: composite indicator

description: Consumer demand for reliable food product quality and safety is growing. This trend, together with increased public regulation and attention to the legal liability of food processors and retailers creates derived demand for food safety assurance in farm production. In consequence, farms have adopted different measures, voluntarily or compulsorily, in their production practice to ensure reduced food safety risks from the farm product. Multiple individual indicators exist which reflect different facets of food safety practice. In fact, it is likely that production of a safer product is a result of several factors. However, little is known about what practices effect greater food safety control at the farm level, or how farms that take greater food safety control fare in comparison to other farms. This study develops a composite food safety control indicator by aggregating data from a set of individual indicators of food safety control and investigates the variation in food safety practices across farms. Moreover, we show how some relevant variables may influence farm food safety control, thus provide empirical evidence for the design of food safety-enhancing agricultural policy measures.
On the growth and form of spherulites
Creators: name: Gránásy, László
name: Pusztai, Tamás
name: Tegze, György
name: Warren, James A.
name: Douglas, Jack F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many structural materials (metal alloys, polymers, minerals, etc.) are formed by quenching liquids into crystalline solids. This highly non-equilibrium process often leads to polycrystalline growth patterns that are broadly termed "spherulites" because of their large-scale average spherical shape. Despite the prevalence and practical importance of spherulite formation, only rather qualitative concepts of this phenomenon exist. The present work explains the growth and form of these fundamental condensed matter structures on the basis of a unified field theoretic approach. Our phase field model is the first to incorporate the essential ingredients for this type crystal growth: anisotropies in both the surface energy and interface mobilities that are responsible for needle-like growth, trapping of local orientational order due to either static heterogeneities (impurities) or dynamic heterogeneities in highly supercooled liquids, and a preferred relative grain orientation induced by a misorientation-dependent grain boundary energy. Our calculations indicate that the diversity of spherulite growth forms arises from a competition between the ordering effect of discrete local crystallographic symmetries and the randomization of the local crystallographic orientation that accompanies crystal grain nucleation at the growth front (growth front nucleation or GFN). The large-scale isotropy of spherulitic growth arises from the predominance of GFN.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 3D X-ray computed tomography segmentation segmentation U-Nets
Creators: name: Bertoldo, João
name: Decencière, Etienne
name: Ryckelynck, David
name: Proudhon, Henry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: pa66
polyamide 66
deep learning
segmentation
composite material
u-net
modular u-net
x-ray computed tomography (xct)
3d image
keras
tensorflow

description: Models trained to segment https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4587827 Please cite us as: @ARTICLE{10.3389/fmats.2021.761229,
 AUTHOR={Bertoldo, João P. C. and Decencière, Etienne and Ryckelynck, David and Proudhon, Henry},
 TITLE={A Modular U-Net for Automated Segmentation of X-Ray Tomography Images in Composite Materials},
 JOURNAL={Frontiers in Materials},
 VOLUME={8},
 YEAR={2021},
 URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmats.2021.761229},
 DOI={10.3389/fmats.2021.761229},
 ISSN={2296-8016},
 } To use these models, decompress the .zip files and load the models using Keras from the path to the .h5 inside each model's directory. The weights stored in the model directories correspond to the initial (random) parameters of the model, and the ones in the .h5 files correspond to the weights after training. Each model directory contains an image of the corresponding architecture, a summary of the layers in the model, and the training curve (train and validation losses at each epoch).
The Economic Impact of New Technology Use in the U.S. Apple Industry
Creators: name: Busdieker, Nichole
name: Nogueira, Lia
name: Onal, Hayri
name: Bullock, David S.
name: Busdieker, Nichole
name: Nogueira, Lia
name: Onal, Hayri
name: Bullock, David S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Replaced with revised version of poster 07/20/11.
Reclaimed Wastewater and the WTP to avoid Summer Water Restrictions: Incorporation Endogenous Free-riding Beliefs
Creators: name: Dupont, Diane P.
name: Dupont, Diane P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water shortages
subject: reclaimed wastewater
subject: WTP
subject: free riding beliefs
subject: endogeneity in discrete choice models

description: Climate change may cause more frequent seasonal water shortages. Water-scarce countries already use reclaimed household wastewater for subsequent uses that do not require potable water. Views on the degree of acceptability of reusing wastewater and a distrust of one’s water provider may deter countries like Canada and the United Kingdom from adopting these technologies. This paper reports on results from a 2009 Canadian Internet-based contingent valuation study. Two water management programs were presented: a program to reduce summer water use through water restrictions and a program to allow citizens to avoid summer water restrictions through the use of reclaimed household wastewater. The paper estimates the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the second program and finds trust in the water utility, belief in future drought conditions, and age to be important factors, as is the belief that members of one’s community will not voluntarily reduce water use by the required amount. The latter introduces a potential endogeneity bias in responses to discrete choice WTP questions. Joint estimation of the underlying WTP function with a model to explain a respondent’s belief in community free riding is undertaken. The paper contributes to the literature on valuing the avoidance of water restrictions, elicitation of free riding beliefs, and the use of endogenous regressors in discrete choice models
Energy conditions outside a dielectric ball
Creators: name: Graham, Noah
name: Olum, Ken D.
name: Schwartz-Perlov, Delia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show analytically that the vacuum electromagnetic stress-energy tensor outside a ball with constant dielectric constant and permeability always obeys the weak, null, dominant, and strong energy conditions. There are still no known examples in quantum field theory in which the averaged null energy condition in flat spacetime is violated.
description: 12 pages, RevTex4
Historical and futuristic perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of QCD jet physics
Creators: name: Dokshitzer, Yuri L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review of jet physics is presented with an emphasis upon open theoretical problems (non-perturbative domain; hadronization and confinement) and new phenomena (hadroproduction in heavy ion collisions).
description: Invited talk at the XXXIV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sonoma State University, California, USA, July 26 - August 1, 2004
The Potential Economic and Environmental Costs of GHG Mitigation Measures for Cattle Sectors in Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Minihan, Erin S.
name: Wu, Ziping
name: Minihan, Erin S.
name: Wu, Ziping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: GHG mitigation
subject: IO analysis
subject: technical cost
subject: Northern Ireland

description: National greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy can benefit from information on the technical and economic viability of abatement options. The life-cycle-analysis (LCA) and marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) approaches provide a good, although partial, indication for the potential of existing technologies to mitigate GHG emissions. The input-output (IO) approach has advantages in capturing the indirect impacts of technology adoption from shifts in economic structure and linkages between sectors. It is therefore ideal to develop an integrated approach to more accurately assess the overall economic and environmental impacts of climate policy. In this study, we aim to develop such an approach that extends the assessment of viability to include indirect economic and environmental effects of resulting structural shifts in the economy. The new approach is applied to technological GHG mitigation measures in Northern Ireland’s cattle sectors. The main findings indicate there is a marked difference (even reversal under some conditions) in the overall impact of technical reductions in emission-intensity on national output and emissions when adjustments in economic structure are taken into account.
Activity level, emission intensity, and optimal GHG abatement policy: An application to Norwegian agriculture
Creators: name: Blandford, David
name: Gaasland, Ivar
name: Vardal, Erling
name: Blandford, David
name: Gaasland, Ivar
name: Vardal, Erling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically different responses to a carbon tax. One adaptation is to change the way agricultural commodities are produced, i.e., choosing less polluting techniques, which we argue will require more land per unit of output. The second response is to use agricultural land for carbon sequestration purposes (offsets), e.g., for perennial grasses or forestry. We show that when an offset option is introduced, production intensity tends to increase, such that emissions per unit of output rise. The theoretical results are illustrated by using a partial equilibrium model of the Norwegian agricultural sector.
Predicting Secondary Structures, Contact Numbers, and Residue-wise Contact Orders of Native Protein Structure from Amino Acid Sequence by Critical Random Networks
Creators: name: Kinjo, Akira R.
name: Nishikawa, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Prediction of one-dimensional protein structures such as secondary structures and contact numbers is useful for the three-dimensional structure prediction and important for the understanding of sequence-structure relationship. Here we present a new machine-learning method, critical random networks (CRNs), for predicting one-dimensional structures, and apply it, with position-specific scoring matrices, to the prediction of secondary structures (SS), contact numbers (CN), and residue-wise contact orders (RWCO). The present method achieves, on average, $Q_3$ accuracy of 77.8% for SS, correlation coefficients of 0.726 and 0.601 for CN and RWCO, respectively. The accuracy of the SS prediction is comparable to other state-of-the-art methods, and that of the CN prediction is a significant improvement over previous methods. We give a detailed formulation of critical random networks-based prediction scheme, and examine the context-dependence of prediction accuracies. In order to study the nonlinear and multi-body effects, we compare the CRNs-based method with a purely linear method based on position-specific scoring matrices. Although not superior to the CRNs-based method, the surprisingly good accuracy achieved by the linear method highlights the difficulty in extracting structural features of higher order from amino acid sequence beyond that provided by the position-specific scoring matrices.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables; minor revision; accepted for publication in BIOPHYSICS
The Impacts of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme on Economic and Environmental Factors
Creators: name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Saunders, John
name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Saunders, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: New Zealand implemented an emissions trading scheme, the NZ ETS, to regulate the production of Greenhouse Gases. This ETS is the first of its kind to include the agricultural sector, as is expected to significantly raise costs to both producers and consumers. The aim of the paper is to assess the potential impact of the New Zealand ETS on the economy and the environment. The paper reports first on the development and nature of the legislation itself, and then continues by mapping the cost of the ETS on producers, and then furthermore the transfer of these costs as increased prices. Then by utilising the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model, or LTEM, a partial equilibrium model which forecasts international trade and domestic production and consumption of agricultural commodities, a number of scenarios revolving around the NZ ETS are projected. The paper finally presents the results gathered from the LTEM, showing the impact of the NZ ETS on both the production of agricultural commodities, and the production of GHGs by the industry. These results demonstrate the potential cost of the NZ ETS on the agricultural sector, and its ability to reduce emissions
Developing the Spatial Dimension of Farm Business Models
Creators: name: Anderson, Duncan J.
name: Jack, Claire G.
name: Anderson, Duncan J.
name: Jack, Claire G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A non-linear mathematical farm business optimisation model, that is set within a spatial economic framework, has been developed. The model incorporates factors such as location, spatial market orientation and technology use, and identifies the business strategy that is optimal in different market and policy environments. Farm household time-use is incorporated centrally within the model, enabling it to examine how on-farm and off-farm activities compete for limited farm household human resources. The model is applied to a beef and sheep farm that can choose between selling livestock to meat processors or processing on-farm and selling direct to consumers. Model simulations reveal when it is optimal for the farm business to innovate in this way and how this decision is affected by changes in key parameters. The farm business model is solved using the GAMS/LINDOGlobal mathematical programming software package. While traditional nonlinear programming and mixed-integer nonlinear programming algorithms are guaranteed to converge only under certain convexity assumptions, GAMS/LINDOGlobal finds guaranteed globally optimal solutions to general nonlinear problems. The model and model results are discussed within the context of theoretical underpinnings, model tractability, and potential applications.
Additional file 1 of The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Hjorton, Karin
name: Hagberg, Niklas
name: Pucholt, Pascal
name: Maija-Leena Eloranta
name: Rönnblom, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Interferon (IFN)-λ2 displays cross reactivity in immunoassays of Interferon (IFN)-λ1/3, but not IFN-α.
Explaining Variation in Farm and Farm Business Performance in Respect to Farmer Segmentation Analysis
Creators: name: Wilson, Paul
name: Harper, Nicholas
name: Darling, Richard
name: Wilson, Paul
name: Harper, Nicholas
name: Darling, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Behaviour
subject: Segmentation
subject: Income
subject: Output
subject: Agriculture

description: Results from a pilot application of Defra’s segmentation model applied to the Farm Business Survey for England are presented. Interviews with 750 FBS co-operators during 2010, using a discursive approach, classified co-operators into one of five segmentation groups: Custodians (14.0%); Lifestyle Choice (7.2%); Pragmatists (53.3%); Modern Family Business (21.1%); Challenged Enterprises (4.4%). On average, Modern Family Businesses operated the largest land area, achieved the greatest farm financial (and agricultural) output, and Farm Business Income (FBI), whilst the Lifestyle Choice segment returned the lowest average FBI. Variation in regional tendencies across the segmentation groups was observed, with variation also noted for forms of business, LFA and lowland classification, organic, farm assurance and tenure status. Pragmatists and Modern Family Businesses recorded the greatest proportion of co-operators with college, or higher level, qualifications, drew more heavily upon external technical and business advice supplied for a charge, had higher level skills in management accounting and use of IT, and were associated with younger co-operators. Qualitative findings signify a range of comments which reinforce the quantitative analysis. Future research should seek to more explicitly account for a range of business and personal factors, and explore the potential for using a structured questionnaire based approach
Magnetic Properties of the Intermediate State in Small Type-I Superconductors
Creators: name: Hernandez, Alexander D.
name: Dominguez, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simulations of the intermediate state of type-I superconducting films solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, which include the demagnetizing fields via the Biot-Savart law. For small square samples we find that, when slowly increasing the applied magnetic field $H_a$, there is a saw-tooth behavior of the magnetization and very geometric patterns, due to the influence of surface barriers; while when slowly decreasing $H_a$, there is a positive magnetization and symmetry-breaking structures. When random initial conditions are considered, we obtain droplet and laberynthine striped patterns, depending on $H_a$.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid)