cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
‘No taxation without hypothecation’: towards an improved understanding of the acceptability of an environmental tax reform*
Creators: name: Bachus, Kris
name: Ootegem, Luc Van
name: Verhofstadt, Elsy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Although it is widely acknowledged that taxation is a powerful instrument for combating environmental problems, environmental taxation is still underused. Public acceptability of regulatory taxes appears to be low, to the extent that a trade-off between the acceptability and the efficiency of policy instruments can be observed. This paper examines the determinants and conditions for public support and willingness to pay for environmental taxation, based on survey data of 1308 citizens. The results show that education and environmental awareness are determinants for support, and that initial low support can be significantly improved by earmarking the tax revenues to the environment. Other ways of revenue recycling, such as an environmental tax reform, can be ranked based on acceptability. We call this ranking the ‘Ladder of Acceptability of Revenue Recycling Options’ (LARRO). Well-chosen design options for the environmental tax reform can further improve its acceptability.
Drosophila kinoole Magnacca 2012
Creators: name: Rampasso, Augusto Santos
name: O'Grady, Patrick Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila kinoole

description: Drosophila kinoole Magnacca, in Magnacca and Price, 2012
Distribution: Endemic: Oahu
Additional References: Magnacca (2015)
description: Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841
Interactions between glacial activity, dust-borne iron speciation, diatom productivity, and the biological pump
Creators: Shoenfelt, Elizabeth Marie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Diatoms
subject: Iron
subject: Iron--Bioavailability
subject: Glacial erosion
subject: Earth sciences

description: Dust-borne iron plays an important role in modulating climate. Iron is a necessary micronutrient, crucial to growth of phytoplankton that fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic carbon. Bioavailable iron is relatively scarce in the oxygenated ocean due to the low solubility of oxidized iron, and it limits primary production in many ocean regions. Increased dust-borne iron reaching iron-limited regions is associated with lower atmospheric carbon dioxide, due to more complete utilization of new nitrogen (the biological pump). Since iron solubility in the ocean is low, most iron is in the solid phase, including particles and colloids from dust and insoluble iron oxyhydroxide minerals that precipitate when there is high dissolved iron not chelated by organic ligands. The chemical form (speciation) of iron greatly impacts its solubility, yet the mechanisms of solid-phase iron utilization by diatoms and the impact of solid-phase iron speciation on dust-borne iron bioavailability are not well known. Glacial activity has been associated with highly soluble minerals, but the impact of glacial activity on bioavailable iron supply has not previously been quantified. In this dissertation, I investigate the role of solid-phase dust-borne iron speciation on its bioavailability to iron-efficient diatoms, and its possible role in modulating climate through the efficiency of the biological pump in the Southern Ocean. In Chapter 1, I show that primary iron(II) silicates mobilized from bedrock through glacial physical weathering are more bioavailable than chemical weathering products such as iron(III)-rich iron oxyhydroxides and secondary clay minerals. In Chapter 2, I show that diatoms use solid-phase iron more efficiently when surface contact between the cell and particle is allowed, suggesting a mechanism of solid-phase iron utilization in addition to bulk solubility. In Chapter 3, I show that glacial activity increases the relative bioavailability of dust-borne iron reaching the Southern Ocean, by increasing the iron(II) silicate content. Finally, in Chapter 4, I present evidence that suggests physical weathering of iron(II)-rich bedrock controls the speciation and bioavailability of particulate iron across the globe. Thus, it is important to consider global and temporal changes in dust-borne iron speciation and the proximity of dust and phytoplankton cells when modeling carbon dioxide drawdown by iron fertilization of phytoplankton. It is also important to consider the relative importance of physical versus chemical weathering to understand iron fertilization on all timescales, and the relative importance of biotic and abiotic carbon dioxide drawdown.
Integrable Fredholm Operators and Dual Isomonodromic Deformations
Creators: name: Harnad, J.
name: Its, Alexander R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fredholm determinants of a special class of integral operators K supported on the union of m curve segments in the complex plane are shown to be the tau-functions of an isomonodromic family of meromorphic covariant derivative operators D_l. These have regular singular points at the 2m endpoints of the curve segments and a singular point of Poincare index 1 at infinity. The rank r of the vector bundle over the Riemann sphere on which they act equals the number of distinct terms in the exponential sums entering in the numerator of the integral kernels. The deformation equations may be viewed as nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems on an auxiliary symplectic vector space M, whose Poisson quotient, under a parametric family of Hamiltonian group actions, is identified with a Poisson submanifold of the loop algebra Lgl_R(r) with respect to the rational R-matrix structure. The matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem method is used to identify the auxiliary space M with the data defining the integral kernel of the resolvent operator at the endpoints of the curve segments. A second associated isomonodromic family of covariant derivative operators D_z is derived, having rank n=2m, and r finite regular singular points at the values of the exponents defining the kernel of K. This family is similarly embedded into the algebra Lgl_R(n) through a dual parametric family of Poisson quotients of M. The operators D_z are shown to be analogously associated to the integral operator obtained from K through a Fourier-Laplace transform.
description: PlainTeX 32gs
Drosophila disjuncta Hardy 1965
Creators: name: Rampasso, Augusto Santos
name: O'Grady, Patrick Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila disjuncta

description: Drosophila disjuncta Hardy, 1965
Distribution: Endemic: Maui
 Additional References: Ahearn & Baimai (1987); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Craddock et al. (2018); Kambysellis (1993); Montgomery (1975); O’Grady et al. (2011); Rockwood et al. (1971); Spieth (1982, 1984)
Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Molokai
description: Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841
Interactions between 0-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional Materials
Creators: Chen, Zheyuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

description: This thesis describes two types of interactions between zero-dimensional and two-dimensional materials: energy transfer and surface diffusion. The first chapter introduces zero-dimensional and two-dimensional materials and their unique properties. Based on emerging properties different from bulk materials', several attempts have been shown to study the interaction between these two classes of materials. The second chapter presents the study on the energy transfer between zero-dimensional and two-dimensional materials, specifically semiconductor nanocrystals (or "quantum dots") and graphene. The fluorescence quenching was observed for quantum dots on graphene compared those in the absence of graphene. The strong energy transfer is through Coulomb interaction in the way similar to Forster resonant energy transfer. Based on simple assumptions, energy transfer between quantum dots and single-layer graphene was extended to quantum dots and few-layer graphene and quantitative agreement was achieved between experimental results and calculation from theory. The third chapter investigates the surface diffusion of zero-dimensional materials on a two-dimensional material. Metal adatoms diffuse on graphene and form different nanostructures depending on the supporting substrate for graphene. As a atomically thin material, graphene is susceptible to change in underlying supporting substrates. This susceptibility will introduce surface corrugation, chemical reactivity and electron-hole puddles to graphene, and finally will lead to different morphology of metal nanoparticles on graphene. Using classical nucleation theory, different diffusion constants of Au adatoms were reported on graphene supported by different substrate. Two major factors are identified to explain the difference: surface corrugation and Ï€ electronic stabilization. In the final chapter, the characterization of zero-dimensional and two-dimensional materials is discussed. It is mainly done using Raman spectroscopy, which is a non-destructive tool. Without knowing the pristine properties of materials, their interactions with other materials are beyond reach.
Intergovernmental relationships after disaster: state and local government learning during flood recovery in Colorado
Creators: name: Deserai A. Crow
name: Albright, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: When communities experience disaster, emergency response and recovery are led internally, based on local-level policy decisions and priorities. Decisions about how or whether to rebuild are made by local governments. Higher governmental authorities such as states and provinces may institute their own disaster recovery processes and policies in addition to or in competition with local governments. Greater intergovernmental engagement could increase resources and knowledge, which would yield higher levels of learning and result in superior disaster recovery policy outcomes. The role of higher authorities, then, can have important implications for policy processes and outcomes. The learning literature includes a dearth of studies that analyze the relationships between state and local governments during disaster recovery. We move the learning literature forward by analyzing intergovernmental relationships during disaster recovery. We find that learning within local governments is associated with higher levels of resource flows from state agencies as well as more collaborative intergovernmental relationships. We also find that state governments can improve processes for disaster recovery assistance and bring together disaster-affected local governments to promote learning during the recovery process. While this study focused on relationships constrained by U.S. federal dynamics, the lessons are useful to other multilevel governance systems.
A cooperative government-industry woodland caribou research program in northeastern Alberta
Creators: name: Rippin, A. B.
name: Kearney, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rapid development of large scale logging and increasingly intensive petroleum exploration and development in boreal mixed-wood forest of northeastern Alberta resulted in land use conflicts on caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) range. Attempts to resolve these conflicts resulted in the formation of a unique government/industry cooperative to jointly develop land use guidelines and to fund research programs to investigate various aspects of caribou ecology. The Northeast Region Standing Committee on Woodland Caribou (NERSC) was formed with the goal to develop an effective plan that will ensure the long term survival of caribou while allowing for renewable and non-renewable resource development. NERSC membership is diverse. The committee is comprised of representatives from 24 petroleum companies, two forest companies, two peat moss companies, and representatives of the aboriginal community, Alberta environmental Protection, Alberta Energy, and Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. This paper describes the mandate, structure and functioning of NERSC, and outlines the objectives and design of the caribou research program. The paper also describes how research findings were applied in recommending modified industrial land use guidelines to more effectively integrate caribou protection needs with industrial resource development objectives. It concludes with a discussion of this new process of cooperative land use management.
The fields of uniformly accelerated charges in de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Bicak, Jiri
name: Krtous, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar and electromagnetic fields of charges uniformly accelerated in de Sitter spacetime are constructed. They represent the generalization of the Born solutions describing fields of two particles with hyperbolic motion in flat spacetime. In the limit Lambda -> 0, the Born solutions are retrieved. Since in the de Sitter universe the infinities I^+- are spacelike, the radiative properties of the fields depend on the way in which a given point of I^+- is approached. The fields must involve both retarded and advanced effects: Purely retarded fields do not satisfy the constraints at the past infinity I^-.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX; Slightly expanded version of the paper published in Physical Review Letters. (The published version can be generated from the same TeX source.); problem with the postscript fixed
Hawking Spectrum and High Frequency Dispersion
Creators: name: Corley, S.
name: Jacobson, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectrum of created particles in two-dimensional black hole geometries for a linear, hermitian scalar field satisfying a Lorentz non-invariant field equation with higher spatial derivative terms that are suppressed by powers of a fundamental momentum scale $k_0$. The preferred frame is the ``free-fall frame" of the black hole. This model is a variation of Unruh's sonic black hole analogy. We find that there are two qualitatively different types of particle production in this model: a thermal Hawking flux generated by ``mode conversion" at the black hole horizon, and a non-thermal spectrum generated via scattering off the background into negative free-fall frequency modes. This second process has nothing to do with black holes and does not occur for the ordinary wave equation because such modes do not propagate outside the horizon with positive Killing frequency. The horizon component of the radiation is astonishingly close to a perfect thermal spectrum: for the smoothest metric studied, with Hawking temperature $T_H\simeq0.0008k_0$, agreement is of order $(T_H/k_0)^3$ at frequency $ω=T_H$, and agreement to order $T_H/k_0$ persists out to $ω/T_H\simeq 45$ where the thermal number flux is $O(10^{-20}$). The flux from scattering dominates at large $ω$ and becomes many orders of magnitude larger than the horizon component for metrics with a ``kink", i.e. a region of high curvature localized on a static worldline outside the horizon. This non-thermal flux amounts to roughly 10\% of the total luminosity for the kinkier metrics considered. The flux exhibits oscillations as a function of frequency which can be explained by interference between the various contributions to the flux.
description: 32 pages, plain latex, 16 figures included using psfig
‘No taxation without hypothecation’: towards an improved understanding of the acceptability of an environmental tax reform*
Creators: name: Bachus, Kris
name: Ootegem, Luc Van
name: Verhofstadt, Elsy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Although it is widely acknowledged that taxation is a powerful instrument for combating environmental problems, environmental taxation is still underused. Public acceptability of regulatory taxes appears to be low, to the extent that a trade-off between the acceptability and the efficiency of policy instruments can be observed. This paper examines the determinants and conditions for public support and willingness to pay for environmental taxation, based on survey data of 1308 citizens. The results show that education and environmental awareness are determinants for support, and that initial low support can be significantly improved by earmarking the tax revenues to the environment. Other ways of revenue recycling, such as an environmental tax reform, can be ranked based on acceptability. We call this ranking the ‘Ladder of Acceptability of Revenue Recycling Options’ (LARRO). Well-chosen design options for the environmental tax reform can further improve its acceptability.
Drosophila formella Hardy and Kaneshiro 1972
Creators: name: Rampasso, Augusto Santos
name: O'Grady, Patrick Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila formella

description: Drosophila formella Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1972
Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii
 Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Craddock et al. (2018); Kambysellis (1993); Spieth (1982, 1984)
description: Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841
Renormalization in quantum field theory and the Riemann-Hilbert problem
Creators: name: Connes, Alain
name: Kreimer, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that renormalization in quantum field theory is a special instance of a general mathematical procedure of multiplicative extraction of finite values based on the Riemann-Hilbert problem. Given a loop $γ(z), | z |=1$ of elements of a complex Lie group G the general procedure is given by evaluation of $ γ_{+}(z)$ at z=0 after performing the Birkhoff decomposition $ γ(z)=γ_{-}(z)^{-1} γ_{+}(z)$ where $ γ_{\pm}(z) \in G$ are loops holomorphic in the inner and outer domains of the Riemann sphere (with $γ_{-}(\infty)=1$). We show that, using dimensional regularization, the bare data in quantum field theory delivers a loop (where z is now the deviation from 4 of the complex dimension) of elements of the decorated Butcher group (obtained using the Milnor-Moore theorem from the Kreimer Hopf algebra of renormalization) and that the above general procedure delivers the renormalized physical theory in the minimal substraction scheme.
description: 8 pages, plain LaTeX
CONVERGENCE OF FOODGRAINS PRODUCTIVITY IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
name: Sarkar, Nityananda
name: Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
name: Sarkar, Nityananda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: :Productivity, Sigma Convergence, Beta Convergence, Panel Unit Root, Technical
subject: Spill Over

description: This study investigates the convergence hypothesis in productivity of foodgrains in terms of output per unit of cropped area during the period 2000-01 to 2012-13 across the major 18 foodgrains producing states of India using the two standard measures of convergence viz., sigma convergence and beta convergence. This has been done by applying the advanced panel data methodology, namely, panel unit root tests on demeaned series, static panel regression and dynamic panel regression apart from conventional measures based on standard deviation and coefficient of variation. A cross section regression shows irrigated cropped area to be the only significant explanatory variable for explaining productivity variation across the states. All the tests show evidence in favour of sigma and both conditional and unconditional beta convergences. This study with foodgrains productivity shows convergence or divergence in outcome(s) only. But convergence in means ( i.e., sources) is also an important issue in this context. In this paper, we have also examined this in terms of input cost for two principal crops viz., paddy and wheat in the major foodgrains producing states. This has been studied by sigma convergence technique only. Results show convergence in average cost of production of wheat only, and not of paddy. This finding is important in explaining the role of technological spillover on input cost reduction across the states, and its effect in achieving convergence in foodgrains productivity
Drosophila hirtipalpus Hardy and Kaneshiro 1968
Creators: name: Rampasso, Augusto Santos
name: O'Grady, Patrick Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila hirtipalpus

description: Drosophila hirtipalpus Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968
Distribution: Endemic: Maui
 Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Craddock et al. (2018); Spieth (1982)
Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Oahu
description: Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841
Drosophila musaphilia Hardy 1965
Creators: name: Rampasso, Augusto Santos
name: O'Grady, Patrick Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila musaphilia

description: Drosophila musaphilia Hardy, 1965
Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, Kauai
 Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Craddock et al. (2018); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1968); Montgomery (1975); Spieth (1982); Throckmorton (1966)
description: Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841
2+1 Black Hole with a Dynamical Conical Singularity
Creators: name: Argurio, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find black hole solutions to Euclidean 2+1 gravity coupled to a relativistic particle which have a dynamical conical singularity at the horizon. These solutions mimic the tree level contribution to the partition function of gravity coupled to a quantum field theory. They are found to violate the standard area law for black hole entropy, their entropy being proportional to the total opening angle. Since each solution depends on the number of windings of the particle path around the horizon, the significance of their summation in the path integral is considered.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Revised version to appear in Class. Quant. Grav. The main changes are an expanded introduction and a better presentation of the body of the paper. Three paragraphs have also been added to the conclusion
New insights into the anorexia of ageing: from prevention to treatment
Creators: name: Dent, Elsa
name: Hoogendijk, Emiel
name: Wright, Olivia
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose of review Undernutrition in older adults is associated with frailty, functional decline, and mortality. The ‘anorexia of ageing’ is the age-related appetite and weight loss underpinning such undernutrition. This review examines the latest evidence for its prevention and treatment.
Recent findings Existing nutritional therapies for the anorexia of ageing include supporting nutritional intake with fortified food or supplements, including protein, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins, and vitamin D. The Mediterranean diet provides high fat intake and nutrient density in a moderate volume of colourful and flavoursome food and is strengthening in evidence for healthy ageing. Studies of the gut microbiome, which potentially regulates normal appetite by acting on the brain–gut communication axis, are pertinent. Utilisation of the genetic profile of individuals to determine nutritional needs is an exciting advancement of the past decade and may become common practice.
Summary Prevention or early treatment of the anorexia of ageing in older adults is critical. Latest evidence suggests that once significant weight loss has occurred, aggressive nutritional support may not result in improved outcomes.
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care: January 2019 - Volume 22 - Issue 1 - p 44–51
Additional file 3: of Judicialization of access to medicines in four Latin American countries: a comparative qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Vargas-Pelaez, Claudia
name: Rover, Marina
name: Soares, Luciano
name: Blatt, Carine
name: Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje
name: Rossi, Francisco
name: Restrepo, Luis
name: Latorre, María
name: López, José
name: Bürgin, María
name: Silva, Consuelo
name: Leite, Silvana
name: Mareni Farias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Quotes translated into English. (DOCX 27 kb)
Branes with Brains: Exploring String Vacua with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Halverson, James
name: Nelson, Brent
name: Ruehle, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose deep reinforcement learning as a model-free method for exploring the landscape of string vacua. As a concrete application, we utilize an artificial intelligence agent known as an asynchronous advantage actor-critic to explore type IIA compactifications with intersecting D6-branes. As different string background configurations are explored by changing D6-brane configurations, the agent receives rewards and punishments related to string consistency conditions and proximity to Standard Model vacua. These are in turn utilized to update the agent's policy and value neural networks to improve its behavior. By reinforcement learning, the agent's performance in both tasks is significantly improved, and for some tasks it finds a factor of O(200) more solutions than a random walker. In one case, we demonstrate that the agent learns a human-derived strategy for finding consistent string models. In another case, where no human-derived strategy exists, the agent learns a genuinely new strategy that achieves the same goal twice as efficiently per unit time. Our results demonstrate that the agent learns to solve various string theory consistency conditions simultaneously, which are phrased in terms of non-linear, coupled Diophantine equations.
description: 57 pages, 10 figures
Interactive Web Mapping as a Tool for Planning Advocacy: Modeling 21st Century Climate Migration in West Africa
Creators: Piacentini, James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Climatic changes
Migration, Internal
Refugees
City planning--Environmental aspects
Twenty-first century

description: The effects of human-induced climate change are already being felt across the world today, particularly by poorer nations and peoples. One of the most critical challenges of our time is understanding how climate change-related hazards will fundamentally affect where and how we can live on this planet, ultimately leading to global shifts in migration as climate migrants and refugees move within and across political and geographic borders. It is necessary to understand how shifts in our planet’s climate will affect the hospitability of major areas of inhabited lands if we as a species are to truly engage the effects of climate change and protect those populations most vulnerable to harm. One of the major challenges to this understanding is the necessary complexity of climate and migration data, and the often-burdensome data-driven conclusions and analyses that provide barriers to those seeking to learn. Critical to enhancing the public’s understanding of these complex systems, and the planner’s ability to advocate for proper policy responses, is the transmission of rigorous climate and migration data into intuitive, visually engaging formats that encourage comprehension and interaction. This capstone project entails the development and deployment of an interactive web-based map platform that innovatively and intuitively showcases climate migration data for the West Africa region previously generated by researchers at Columbia University Earth Institute’s Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) and The World Bank. This digital web-based project interactively visualizes the spatial relationships between critical climate shifts and the regional populations affected using geoJSON data files organized on the online mapping platform Mapbox, with robust functionality implemented with custom HTML, JavaScript, and CSS code.
Additional file 1: of Judicialization of access to medicines in four Latin American countries: a comparative qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Vargas-Pelaez, Claudia
name: Rover, Marina
name: Soares, Luciano
name: Blatt, Carine
name: Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje
name: Rossi, Francisco
name: Restrepo, Luis
name: Latorre, María
name: López, José
name: Bürgin, María
name: Silva, Consuelo
name: Leite, Silvana
name: Mareni Farias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Health systems descriptions. (DOCX 1112 kb)
Additional file 1 of Identifying disincentives to ethics consultation requests among physicians, advance practice providers, and nurses: a quality improvement all staff survey at a tertiary academic medical center
Creators: name: Cederquist, Lynette
name: LaBuzetta, Jamie Nicole
name: Cachay, Edward
name: Friedman, Lawrence
name: Yi, Cassia
name: Dibsie, Laura
name: Zhang, Yiran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Survey Tool.
Vicious walkers, friendly walkers and Young tableaux II: With a wall
Creators: name: Krattenthaler, Christian
name: Guttmann, Anthony J.
name: Viennot, Xavier G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B20 (Primary) 05A15 05E05 05E10 82B20 82B23 (Secondary)

description: We derive new results for the number of star and watermelon configurations of vicious walkers in the presence of an impenetrable wall by showing that these follow from standard results in the theory of Young tableaux, and combinatorial descriptions of symmetric functions. For the problem of $n$-friendly walkers, we derive exact asymptotics for the number of stars and watermelons both in the absence of a wall and in the presence of a wall.
description: 35 pages, AmS-LaTeX; Definitions of n-friendly walkers clarified; the statement of Theorem 4 and its proof were corrected
The Dynamical Roche Lobe in Hierarchical Triples
Creators: name: Di Stefano, Rosanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Roche lobe formalism describes mass transfer from one star to another. We develop an extension to hierarchical triples, considering the case in which a star donates mass to a companion which is itself a binary. The L1 point moves as the inner binary rotates, and the Roche lobe pulsates with the period of the inner binary. Signatures of mass transfer may therefore be imprinted with the orbital period of the inner binary. For some system parameters, the pulsing Roche lobe can drive mass transfer at high rates. Systems undergoing this type of mass transfer include those with inner binaries consisting of compact objects that will eventually merge, as well as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS 19 March 2019
Additional file 2: of Judicialization of access to medicines in four Latin American countries: a comparative qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Vargas-Pelaez, Claudia
name: Rover, Marina
name: Soares, Luciano
name: Blatt, Carine
name: Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje
name: Rossi, Francisco
name: Restrepo, Luis
name: Latorre, María
name: López, José
name: Bürgin, María
name: Silva, Consuelo
name: Leite, Silvana
name: Mareni Farias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Quotes in original languages. (DOCX 29 kb)
MOESM1 of Circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages express recombined immunoglobulins in glioblastoma patients
Creators: name: Busch, Svenja
name: Talamini, Marina
name: Brenner, Steffen
name: Abdulazim, Amr
name: HĂ¤Nggi, Daniel
name: Neumaier, Michael
name: Seiz-Rosenhagen, Marcel
name: Fuchs, Tina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables and figures.
Binary black hole initial data for numerical general relativity based on post-Newtonian data
Creators: name: Tichy, W.
name: Bruegmann, B.
name: Campanelli, M.
name: Diener, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the goal of taking a step toward the construction of astrophysically realistic initial data for numerical simulations of black holes, we for the first time derive a family of fully general relativistic initial data based on post-2-Newtonian expansions of the 3-metric and extrinsic curvature without spin. It is expected that such initial data provide a direct connection with the early inspiral phase of the binary system. We discuss a straightforward numerical implementation, which is based on a generalized puncture method. Furthermore, we suggest a method to address some of the inherent ambiguity in mapping post-Newtonian data onto a solution of the general relativistic constraints.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, RevTex4
Interactive effects of ocean acidification with other environmental drivers on marine plankton
Creators: Bausch, Alexandra Renee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Marine biology
Marine ecology
Chemical oceanography
Biogeochemistry
Ocean acidification
Marine plankton

description: Planktonic organisms form the base of the marine food web and may be impacted by environmental change in many ways. The interactive effects of multiple, simultaneous climate-driven changes on these organisms are not well understood. This dissertation examined the impacts of ocean acidification in combination with other environmental stressors on marine plankton and determined spatial patterns of one of these potential interactive drivers. Chapter 2 investigated the synergistic effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia on the harmful dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Findings indicated that empirical studies may be crucial to accurately predict organismal responses to multi-stressors. Results also suggested that photorespiration may serve a previously unrecognized role in dinoflagellate metabolism. Chapter 3 examined the combined effects of ocean acidification and lithogenic trace metals on the growth of another harmful dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Results indicated that high suspended sediment loads may deliver toxic concentrations of trace elements to marine phytoplankton in acidified coastal ecosystems. Chapter 4 examined the interactive effects of ocean acidification and bacteria on the severity and extent of dissolution in the shells of larval gastropods and the adult pteropod Limacina helicina. Research findings indicated that microbial communities on the shell surfaces of some planktonic molluscs may mediate certain types of shell dissolution in acidified, upwelled waters. Chapter 5 explored the use of thorium isotope fluxes as a proxy for dust and lithogenic iron in the Indian Ocean. Results suggested that the gradient of dust fluxes in the region could impose thresholds for biological productivity. Together, these interdisciplinary studies demonstrate coupled biological and chemical changes in marine ecosystems as a result of increased anthropogenic environmental change.
Is gravity getting weaker at low z? Observational evidence and theoretical implications
Creators: name: Kazantzidis, Lavrentios
name: Perivolaropoulos, Leandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical observational probes of the growth of density perturbations indicate that gravity may be getting weaker at low redshifts $z$. This evidence is at about $2-3σ$ level and comes mainly from weak lensing data that measure the parameter $S_8=σ_8 \sqrt{Ω_{0m}/0.3}$ and redshift space distortion data that measure the growth rate times the amplitude of the linear power spectrum parameter $fσ_8 (z)$. The measured $fσ_8$ appears to be lower than the prediction of General Relativity (GR) in the context of the standard $Λ$CDM model as defined by the Planck best fit parameter values. This is the well known $fσ_8$ tension of $Λ$CDM, which constitutes one of the two main large scale challenges of the model along with the $H_0$ tension. We review the observational evidence that leads to the $fσ_8$ tension and discuss some theoretical implications. If this tension is not a systematic effect it may be an early hint of modified gravity with an evolving effective Newton's constant $G_{eff}$ and gravitational slip parameter $η$. We discuss such best fit parametrizations of $G_{eff}(z)$ and point out that they can not be reproduced by simple scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ modified gravity theories because these theories generically predict stronger gravity than General Relativity (GR) at low $z$ in the context of a $Λ$CDM background $H(z)$. Finally, we show weak evidence for an evolving reduced absolute magnitude of the SnIa of the Pantheon dataset at low redshifts ($z<0.1$) which may also be explained by a reduced strength of gravity and may help resolve the $H_0$ tension.
description: 19 pages,12 Figs.Invited contribution for the White Paper of COST CA-15117 project `CANTATA'. The numerical analysis files used may be downloaded from http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/cantata-wp/wp-num-analysis.zip. Published as: '$\sigma_8$ Tension: Is Gravity Getting Weaker at Low z? Observational Evidence and Theoretical Implications') at https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83715-0
Interactions between the BDNF (Val66Met) variant and stress as a model of susceptibility to Anorexia Nervosa
Creators: Madra, Moneek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Nutrition

description: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disease involving interactions between genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.  In order to identify new treatments for AN, we created a novel mouse model of AN.  We elicited aphagic behavior in mice by combining risk factors of AN - adolescent females, predisposition to anxiety, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-Val66Met variant, social stress and caloric restriction.  We demonstrated that abnormal feeding behavior in our model was associated with increases in central AVP tone.  In further investigation of this aphagic behavior we characterized the involvement of maternal and paternal factors in our model.  We observed that adolescent handling reversed the AVP mediated molecular phenotype, but did not change neuroendocrine or neuronal stress markers.  We have identified the role of multiple factors in the development of abnormal feeding behaviors and focused mechanistic investigations on central AVP components.  By doing so, we have identified the AVP receptor, AVPR1A as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Self-adaptive decision-making mechanisms to balance the execution of multiple tasks for a multi-robots team
Creators: name: Palmieri, Nunzia
name: Yang, Xin-She
name: De Rango, Floriano
name: Santamaria, Amilcare Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65D19, 68T40, 78M32, 90C26

description: This work addresses the coordination problem of multiple robots with the goal of finding specific hazardous targets in an unknown area and dealing with them cooperatively. The desired behaviour for the robotic system entails multiple requirements, which may also be conflicting. The paper presents the problem as a constrained bi-objective optimization problem in which mobile robots must perform two specific tasks of exploration and at same time cooperation and coordination for disarming the hazardous targets. These objectives are opposed goals, in which one may be favored, but only at the expense of the other. Therefore, a good trade-off must be found. For this purpose, a nature-inspired approach and an analytical mathematical model to solve this problem considering a single equivalent weighted objective function are presented. The results of proposed coordination model, simulated in a two dimensional terrain, are showed in order to assess the behaviour of the proposed solution to tackle this problem. We have analyzed the performance of the approach and the influence of the weights of the objective function under different conditions: static and dynamic. In this latter situation, the robots may fail under the stringent limited budget of energy or for hazardous events. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of the experimental results.
description: 40 pages
Additional file 4 of Experiences with rehabilitation and impact on community participation among adults with physical disability in Colombia: perspectives from stakeholders using a community based research approach
Creators: name: Toro-Hernández, María
name: Mondragón-Barrera, Alejandra
name: Múnera-Orozco, Sara
name: Villa-Torres, Laura
name: Camelo-Castillo, Wendy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Testimonies illustrating the community participation theme that emerged from participants experiences. This additional file includes a table with the testimonies by type of participant. (DOCX 122 kb)
Additional file 5 of Experiences with rehabilitation and impact on community participation among adults with physical disability in Colombia: perspectives from stakeholders using a community based research approach
Creators: name: Toro-Hernández, María
name: Mondragón-Barrera, Alejandra
name: Múnera-Orozco, Sara
name: Villa-Torres, Laura
name: Camelo-Castillo, Wendy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: manuscript in Spanish. (DOCX 110 kb)