cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Croton reitzii Smith & Downs 1959
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton reitzii

description: 28. Croton reitzii Smith & Downs (1959: 152).
Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Canoinhas, 19 km ao oeste de Canoinhas no caminho para Porto União, 17 December 1956, L.B. Smith & R. Reitz 8590 (holotype US 2249814!; isotypes K 000254430!, NY 00262942!, R 000200949!, UC 1079899!). (Illustration available in Smith et al. 1988, p. 100)
Due to its congested inflorescences and dense indumentum, this shrub may resemble members of Croton sect. Julocroton, which justifies the comparison made by Smith & Downs (1959) with C. calocephalus Müller Argoviensis (1865:121). However, C. reitzii can be distinguished from all species in section Julocroton by its leaves with basilaminar nectary glands and its inflated, trilobed columella (both characters absent in sect. Julocroton). Collections of C. reitzii have been misidentified in some herbaria as C. lanatus, but they can be differentiated by several vegetative and reproductive characters (see under C. lanatus and Table 2). Croton reitzii belongs to section Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis (van Ee & Berry 2021).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, RS, SC) and southeastern (SP) Brazil (Smith et al. 1988, Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in borders of Araucaria forest, rarely in open vegetation, between 475 and 1155 m elevation. (Fig. 14).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting throughout the year, except August.
Material selected:— PARANÁ: Dois Vizinhos, campus da UTFPR, 10 November 2007, E. L. Siqueira 91 (HCF, MBM). Campo Mourão, Parque Estadual do Lago Azul, 03 March 2007, A. R. Silva 276 (HCF, RB). Campo Largo, Serra São Luís do Purunã, 07 April 1946, G. Hatschbach 263 (MBM). Castro, Parque Estadual do Caxambu, 05 November 1988, R. M. Britez 2045 (MBM). Florestópolis, arredores, 22 July 2001, J. Carneiro 1129 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Israelius Richards 1952
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Israelius

description: Israelius sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010).
Remarks: This record refers to specimens of as-then unidentified species that are the same as the named species appearing above.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Pararhabdepyris arabo Vargas & Azevedo 2016
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Pararhabdepyris
Pararhabdepyris arabo

description: Pararhabdepyris arabo Vargas & Azevedo, 2016
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Vargas & Azevedo 2016)
Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Canis lupus subsp. lupus Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. lupus linnaeus 1758

description: Canis lupus subsp. lupus Linnaeus 1758
Canis lupus subsp. lupus Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 39.
Type Locality: "Europæ sylvis, etjam frigidioribus", restricted by Thomas (1911 a) to " Sweden ".
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. altaicus (Noack 1911); Canis lupus subsp. argunensis Dybowski 1922; Canis lupus subsp. canus de Sélys Longchamps 1839; Canis lupus subsp. communis Dwigubski 1804; Canis lupus subsp. deitanus Cabrera 1907; Canis lupus subsp. desertorum Bogdanov 1882; Canis lupus subsp. flavus Kerr 1792; Canis lupus subsp. fulvus de Sélys Longchamps 1839; Canis lupus subsp. italicus Altobello 1921; Canis lupus subsp. kurjak Bolkay 1925; Canis lupus subsp. major Ogérien 1863; Canis lupus subsp. minor Ogerien 1863; Canis lupus subsp. niger Hermann 1804; Canis lupus subsp. orientalis (Wagner 1841); Canis lupus subsp. orientalis Dybowski 1922; Canis lupus subsp. signatus Cabrera 1907.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton salutaris Casaretto 1845
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton salutaris

description: 29. Croton salutaris Casaretto (1845: 89).
Lectotype (designated by Delprete et al. 2019): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, May 1839, G. Casaretto 856 (TO, isolectotype G-DC 00311745!). (Fig. 15, J–L)
Of all the tree species of Croton present in Paraná, C. salutaris is the only one covered exclusively by lepidote trichomes, which confer the silvery coloration of young branches and leaves. The species is also unique among the Croton species from Paraná in having urceolate pistillate flowers. It belongs to sect. Cleodora subsect. Sphaerogyni Caruzo (2011: 204) (Caruzo et al. 2011).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR) and southeastern (ES, MG, RJ, SP) Brazil (Caruzo & Cordeiro 2013, Caruzo et al. 2020). It grows in montane wet forests and riparian forest. In Paraná, the species is only known from a single collection, between 800 and 1000 m elevation, close to the boundary with the State of São Paulo, possibly representing its southernmost population (Fig. 16).
Phenology:— Flowering from January.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Adrianópolis, Parque Estadual das Lauráceas, 01 January 2000, I. Isernhagen 235 (UPCB). SÃO PAULO: Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Cunha-Indaiá, 30 November 2004, M. B. R. Caruzo, I. Cordeiro, S.E. Martins & L. Rossi 81 (SP, SPF).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis lupus subsp. albus Kerr 1792
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. albus kerr 1792

description: Canis lupus subsp. albus Kerr 1792
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. dybowskii Domaniewski 1926; Canis lupus subsp. kamtschaticus Dybowski 1922; Canis lupus subsp. turuchanensis Ognev 1923.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton serratifolius Baillon 1864
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton serratifolius

description: 32. Croton serratifolius Baillon (1864: 312).
Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: 1821, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 2704 (P 00493375!; isolectotypes A 00047422, F 0093310!, P 00493376!). (Fig. 17, F–J)
This shrub can be recognized by its stipules, bracts, and glandular pistillate sepals with stipitate glands (colleters) along the margin. In the field, these glands are greenish and give the plant a viscous appearance; plants are frequently visited by ants. Despite the species epithet being “ serratifolius ”, we have seen entire and serrate leaf margins in the same individuals. The species morphologically resembles Croton chaetophorus, but both species can be differentiated by vegetative characteristics (see comments in C. chaetophorus).
Caruzo et al. (2020) recognized C. garckeanus Baillon (1964: 308) as a synonym of C. serratifolius, and we agree with that. Nevertheless, Croton garckeanus requires further evaluation and the study of more collections to identified additional characters that help to support this claim. The species is a member of section Barhamia subsect. Medea.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil (MS, PR, RS, SC, SP) (Caruzo et al. 2020), growing in open vegetation; often found in ‘cerrado’, between 555 and 1035 m elevation (Fig. 16).
Phenology:— Flowering from October to April, and fruiting from October, January and March.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Balsa Nova, Ponte dos Arcos, 06 July 2005, C. Kozera & O. P. Kozera 2239 (MBM). Bituruna, Fazenda Lageado Grande, 17 September 2003, D. Liebsch 581 (HFC, MBM). Campo Mourão, Cerrado Valtra, 24°00’’52.04’ S, 52°21’47.02” W, 555 m, 18 October 2016, A. P. N. Pereira, F. S. Petrongari & O. L. M. Silva 26 (SP). Curitiba, Bariguy, 30 June 1958, R. Lange 1121 (MBM). União da Vitória, Estrada para Porto Vitória, 16 October 1966, G. Hatschbach 14889 (K, MBM, NY, P).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Plastanoxus Kieffer 1904
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Plastanoxus

description: Plastanoxus sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: These records refer to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Dinotoperla evansi Kimmins
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla
Dinotoperla evansi

description: Dinotoperla evansi Kimmins
(Fig. 11 A–D)
Larva. Remarks. Described by Suter & Bishop (1990). Associated by rearing.
Material examined: South Australia: 15 x larvae: Adelaide, -34.90977, 138.57858. Collected: Feb. 1935, Collector: W.L.R (housed in ANIC). 1 x larva: Warriparinga Wetland, Adelaide, -35.019429, 138.561391. Collected: 29-Aug-09, Collector: EPA Vic, Accession number: EPAVP1. 1 x larva: Ellisons Creek downstream of Tilleys Gully. Collected: 2-Jul-08, Collector: C Madden, Accession number: EPAVP 2.
Length: 6.3–8.3 mm (Suter & Bishop 1990).
Colour: Generally brown in appearance, usually with a central light stripe along the abdomen with two brown spots either side.
Body: Robust. Dorsal surface covered with short robust setae.
Head: Antennae long, usually as long as body (length 4.3–6.2 mm (Suter & Bishop 1990). Antennal scape and basal segment dark brown. Posterior area of head with dark mottling.
Thorax: Pronotum wider than long. Meso- and meta-nota with bosses at the base of wingpad, not differently coloured; hind margins straight.
Legs: Femora and tibiae with fringe of long fine setae on outer margin. Outer margin and outer surface of femora with short robust setae. Surface of tibiae with scattered short robust setae.
Abdomen: Tergites with short robust setae denser in central area of dorsal surface; tergite X with short robust setae covering entire surface; tergite X with pointed posterior margin. Paraprocts long, triangular with slightly concave outer margin. Gill filaments long, approximately a third the length of cerci. Cerci shorter than abdomen with elongated segments from mid-length onwards.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Croton serpyllifolius Baillon 1864
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton serpyllifolius

description: 31. Croton serpyllifolius Baillon (1864: 355).
Lectotype (first step designated by Lima & Pirani 2008b, second step designated here): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: “près d’un ruisseau, dans le voisinage d’Eyneja-Villa”, s.d., A. Saint-Hilaire cat. C2 1495 (P 00634713!; isolectotypes P 00634714!, SP 000664!, F 0092877!). Remaining syntype: — BRAZIL. “bords du chemin près de Rincao da Cidade”, s. dat., A. Saint-Hilaire cat. C2 1580 (P 00634715!) (Fig. 17, A–E).
Croton serpyllifolius is a shrub that can be confused with C. chamaepitis and C. pycnocephalus (see Table 1). According to Lima & Pirani (2008b), the species is endemic to the state of São Paulo. However, Paraná specimens show morphological characters in agreement with the information of the protologue and type collections, corroborating the information from Caruzo & Cordeiro (2007), who recognized the occurrence of the species in Paraná. The species belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Argentini.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in south (PR, SC) and southern (SP) (Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in open vegetation (‘campo limpo’), between 800 and 1050 m elevation (Fig. 16).
Phenology:— Flowering from March and September, and fruiting in October and November.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Balsa Nova, Ponte dos Arcos, 25°33’16”S, 49°48’11”W, 808 m, 18 December 2013, J. T. Motta, L. T. Dombrowski, J. Cordeiro & D. P. Saridakis 4204 (HCF, MBM, RB). Palmeira, Estrada Rodovia Palmeira-Ponta Grossa, 12 October 1959, G. Hatschbach 6482 (MBM). Ponta Grossa, Fazenda Barrozinho, 07 September 1967, G. Hatschbach 17093 (MBM). Tibagi, Taipa de Pedra, 19 October 1993, G. Hatschbach & J. Cordeiro 59670 (MBM). Idem, Parque Estadual do Guartelá, Rio Iapó, 02 September 1996, S. R. Ziller 1573 (ESA, MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis lupus subsp. bernardi Anderson 1943
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. bernardi anderson 1943

description: Canis lupus subsp. bernardi Anderson 1943
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. banksianus Anderson 1943.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Cirrospilus Westwood
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Cirrospilus

description: Cirrospilus Westwood
Remarks. This genus was previously recorded from Egypt based on three specimens (1 female and 2 males) of an unidentified species reported from unknown leaf miners on Phaseolus vulgaris in Qalubia (Abd-Rabou 2004).
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Cirrospilus
Cirrospilus ingenuus

description: * Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan
Material examined. 1♀, El-Gheit Baeid (Agoz, Bahariya Oasis), 28°20'47"N, 28°54'51"E, swept on Medicago sativa L., v.2013 (leg. Usama Abu El-Ghiet).
Distribution. Afrotropical, Australian, Indo-Malaya and Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Canis latrans subsp. latrans Say 1823
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis latrans
Canis latrans subsp. latrans say 1823

description: Canis latrans subsp. latrans Say 1823
Canis latrans subsp. latrans Say 1823, in: James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns, Vol. 1: 168.
Type Locality: "Engineer cantonment" reported at "latitude 41°25'N, and longitude...95°47'30'W" (p. XVIII, vol. 2). Reported in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S.A., Nebraska, Washington Co., Engineer Cantonment, about 12 mi. (19.2 km) S. E. Blair".
Synonyms: Canis latrans subsp. nebracensis Merriam 1898; Canis latrans subsp. pallidus Merriam 1897.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton subvillosus Muller Argoviensis 1873
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton subvillosus

description: 34. Croton subvillosus Müller Argoviensis (1873: 168).
Lectotype (designated by Sodré et al. 2017): — BRAZIL. Goiás: “prope Gamelleira ”, s.d., J.B.E. Pohl 1617 [catalogue number 2164] (W 0051217!; isolectotypes G 00434673!, M 0089120!, K 000186135!, K 000186136!) (Illustration available in Sodré et al. 2022: 27)
Croton subvillosus is a subshrub with xylopodium, indument hirsute (ferruginous or yellowish), and generally with congested inflorescences. Sodré et al. (2022) indicated that the leaves of this species are subsessile, however the collections J. Lindeman & H. Haas 2743 and G. Hatschbach 32900, cited in their work, have conspicuously petiolate leaves (petiole ca. 1 cm long). Croton subvillosus is morphologically similar to C. grandivelus (see comments under C. grandivelus). The species belongs to sect. Adenophylli subsect. Velamea.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil (DF, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PR, TO), and Paraguay (Sodré et al. 2022). Subshrubs from cerrado, between 700 and 800 m elevation in Paraná (Fig. 18).
Phenology:— Flowering from August to December, and fruiting from November to February.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Campo Moura ̃o, 11 December 1960, G. Hatschbach 7642 (MBM); Aeroporto, 20 October 1973, G. Hatschbach 32920 (MBM); 17 October 1966, J. Lindeman & H. Haas 2743 (MBM); 23 August 1998, Rosana s.n. (UFG 29369); 11 November 2003, A. E. Bianek 114 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 260-261, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis latrans subsp. mearnsi Merriam 1897
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis latrans
Canis latrans subsp. mearnsi merriam 1897

description: Canis latrans subsp. mearnsi Merriam 1897
Synonyms: Canis latrans subsp. estor Merriam 1897.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Cirrospilus lyncus Walker
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Cirrospilus
Cirrospilus lyncus

description: * Cirrospilus lyncus Walker
Material examined. 1♀, Kom Osheim (Fayoum), 29°34'07"N, 30°54'26"E, Sweep net, 29.v.2013 (leg. Ahmed M. Soliman).
Distribution. Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Dinotoperla hirsuta McLellan
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla
Dinotoperla hirsuta

description: Dinotoperla hirsuta McLellan
(Fig. 14 A–D)
Larva. Remarks. McLellan (1971) described the adult male of D. hirsuta. Hynes (1974) synonymised D. hirsuta with D. eucumbene. Hynes (1978) briefly described the larva of D. hirsuta under the name D. eucumbene. The association of life stages is suggested as being by location, as Hynes (1978) states that he was unable to rear or collect freshly emerged adults. Theischinger (1982) re-instated D. hirsuta and synonymised D. arenaria Hynes (1974) with D. eucumbene.
Material examined: New South Wales: Kosciuszko National Park: 2 x larvae: Eucumbene River at crossing Snowy Mountains Highway. -35.88553, 148.51383. Collected: 5-Jan-13, Collectors: J Mynott & M Carey, Accession numbers: JMH1248, JMH1249.
Length: 6.5–7 mm.
Colour: Light brown; dark mottling on head. Meso- and meta-nota with darker areas and pale bosses at base of wingpads.
Body: Robust; head and pronotum subequal; abdomen longer than thorax.
Head: Pronounced mottling on posterior area of head. Smooth welt-like areas medial to antennae base. Antennae long, darkening in the last third.
Thorax: Pronotum wider than long but not wider than head; dorsal surface with scattered dark spots. Surface of nota with robust setae present, less so on wingpads.
Legs: Outer surface of femora with two dark longitudinal stripes, weaker stripe present on tibiae (usually visible in distal half); inner surface of femora with a dark patch present; tibiae with single dark band in proximal area. Femora and tibiae without fringes of long fine setae on outer margin, some scattered fine setae may be present. Robust setae present on all surfaces excluding inner surfaces.
Abdomen: Sternites 2–6 with reddish spots present (four or two), not always visible. Two dark spots on dorsal surface of tergites, lateral area may have one or two present. Long robust setae present on surface and hind margins of tergites. Paraprocts triangular, long and broad. Gill tuft dense, gills orange. Cerci short, segments elongated from approximately segment 10.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Canis lupus subsp. campestris Dwigubski 1804
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. campestris dwigubski 1804

description: Canis lupus subsp. campestris Dwigubski 1804
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. bactrianus Laptev 1929; Canis lupus subsp. cubanenesis Ognev 1923; Canis lupus subsp. desertorum Bogdanov 1882.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Cirrospilus viticola Rondani
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Cirrospilus
Cirrospilus viticola

description: * Cirrospilus viticola (Rondani)
Material examined. 2♀, Kafr Salem (El Gharbiya), 30°43'52"N, 34°18'07"E, Malaise trap, ix.2012; 1♀, Kom Osheim (Fayoum), 29°34'07"N, 30°54'26"E, Sweep net, 29.v.2013 (leg. Ahmed M. Soliman). Distribution. Nearctic and Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Dinotoperla inermis Theischinger
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla
Dinotoperla inermis

description: Dinotoperla inermis Theischinger
(Fig. 15 A–D)
Larva. Remarks. Species described by Theischinger (1988) with a brief mention of the larvae. Adult and larva associated by genetic methods.
Material examined: New South Wales: 2 x larvae: Castlereagh River upper (Wb2), near Warrumbungle National Park. -31.28493, 149.07181. Collected: 13-Aug-14, Collector: G Theischinger, Accession numbers: JMH1823, JMH1825. 7 x larvae: Castlereagh River upper, near Warrumbungle National Park. -31.27695, 149.09821. Collected: 29-Jun-16, Collector: G Theischinger. 8 x larvae: Wallumburawang Creek, Gowang, near Warrumbungle National Park. -31.39114, 149.04960. Collected: 29-Jun-16, Collector: G Theischinger. 1 x adult male: Castlereagh River upper (Wb2), near Warrumbungle National Park. -31.28493, 149.07181. Collected: 13- Aug-14, Collector: G Theischinger, Accession number: JMH1824.
Length: 7–8.5 mm.
Colour: Generally brown; head and posterior area of tergite X darker brown.
Body: Robust.
Head: Antennae long, segments not elongated (longer than wider) until distal half; long fine setae present on dorsal surface of segments, most obvious in proximal area to head. Socketed short robust setae on dorsal surface of head.
Thorax: Pronotum with rounded corners; width greater than length, subequal with head. Meso- and meta-nota with raised bosses (whitish in colour) at the base of wingpads. All thoracic segments with light surface covering of very short robust setae (usually often seen as a socket).
Legs: Femora and tibiae with fringes of long fine setae on outer margin, more evident on tibiae with femoral fringe often noticeable only in proximal area. Femora outer margin also with long robust setae present. Inner margin of femora and tibiae with fringe of long robust setae. Outer surface of femora predominantly smooth with some short robust setae present in proximal and possibly distal areas.
Abdomen: Tergites with short robust setae, segment 1 with some scattered in anterior and medial area, setation increasing towards posterior segments and by segment 9–10 covered with short robust setae some of which are broad, hind margin with same setae as segment. Tergite X of male produced to a point, female widely rounded; tergite X length greater than width. Cerci approximately length of abdomen with very elongate segments by halfway, segment length greater than width by approximately segment 6, short robust setae present in whorl on margin. Gills long and purplish. Paraprocts length subequal to base width.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Croton splendidus Martius ex Colla 1836
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton splendidus

description: 33. Croton splendidus Martius ex Colla (1836: 110).
Lectotype (designated by Moraes et al. 2014): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: “ad Cabo Frio ”, September 1815, M.A.P. Prinz zu Wied s.n. (39; Menke nr. 39) (BR 0000005848133; isolectotypes BR 0000005848461, E 00326420, MEL 2353825!, P 00634649!). (Fig. 17, K–M)
Croton splendidus can be recognized by its shrubby habit, leaves trichomes (stellate on adaxial surface and subentire lepidote on abaxial surface), and by its globose fruits covered by subentire lepidote trichomes. It is morphologically similar to Croton muellerianus and C. uruguayensis, which have adaxial leaf surface glabrous (see under C. muellerianus). Some collections of Croton longicarpus have been previously identified as C. splendidus, but these species can be differentiated by their pistillate flowers and fruits (see under C. longicarpus). Many collections of C. splendidus were identified as C. migrans Casaretto (1845: 88). Croton migrans was synonymized by Lima & Pirani (2008) under C. splendidus, and we agree with that. Croton splendidus belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Lamprocroton.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in northeastern (BA), southern (PR, SC) and southeastern (ES, MG, RJ, SP) Brazil (Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in open vegetation at high altitude (‘campo de altitude’), riverbanks, borders of cloud forest, and sometimes in restingas. The species grows mainly between 1000 to 1600 m elevation in Paraná (Fig. 18).
Phenology:— Flowering throughout the year, and fruiting from January, February, April, July, October and November.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Bocaiúva do Sul, Estrada para a Serra da Bocaina, 19 August 2004, J. M. Silva & G. Hatschbach 4090 (HCF, HUFU, MBM). Campina Grande do Sul, Pico Capivari Grande, 19 January 2016, A. P. N. Pereira, E. D. Lozano, B. K. Canestraro, D. P. Saridakis & P. C. Ferreira 21 (SP). Palmeira, 29 August 1979, L. T. Dombrowski 10639 (HCF). Quatro Barras, Morro do Anhangava, 01 November 1996, E. P. Santos, H. Meneses & R. Anjos 157 (UPCB). Telêmaco Borba, Fazenda Monte Alegre, 15 April 2009, J. S. Silva, M. F. Silveira, R. T. Queiroz, A. J. C. Silva & L. C. Garcia 565 (ESA, RB).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 258-260, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis lupus subsp. chanco Gray 1863
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. chanco gray 1863

description: Canis lupus subsp. chanco Gray 1863
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. coreanus Abe 1923; Canis lupus subsp. dorogostaiskii Skalon 1936; Canis lupus subsp. ekloni Przewalski 1883; Canis lupus subsp. filchneri (Matschie 1907); Canis lupus subsp. karanorensis (Matschie 1907); Canis lupus subsp. laniger Hodgson 1847; Canis lupus subsp. niger Sclater 1874; Canis lupus subsp. tschiliensis Matschie 1907.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Diglyphus Walker
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Diglyphus

description: Diglyphus Walker
Diglyphus crassinervis Erdős
Material examined. None.
Previous records from Egypt. Qaluobia (Fadl & El-Khawas 2009).
Distribution. Afrotropical and Palaearctic.
Host records. In Egypt, this species was reported as a natural enemy of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Fadl & El-Khawas 2009).
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Dinotoperla jacobsi Theischinger
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla
Dinotoperla jacobsi

description: Dinotoperla jacobsi Theischinger
(Fig. 16 A–D)
Larva. Remarks. Species described by Theischinger (2016). Adult and larva associated by genetic methods. Description based on a single specimen.
Material examined: New South Wales: 1 x larvae: Belar Creek off Warkton Road, Tannabar (near Warrumbungle National Park). -31.343, 149.092. Collected: 29-Sept-15, Collector: S Jacobs. Accession number: K.427577 (Australian Museum).
Length: 6.5 mm.
Colour: Generally light brown; posterior margin of tergites darker, banded appearance.
Body: Robust body, slender legs, dorsal surface covered in socketed short robust setae.
Head: Dark mottling in posterior area; socketed short robust setae dense across dorsal surface; antenna longer than body, tapering, elongated segments occurs in distal third.
Thorax: Pronotum trapezoid with pinched appearance in anterolateral areas, corners broadly rounded; mesonotum with bosses, not obvious and not differently covered, hind margin concave; metanota hind margin straight.
Legs: Outer surface of femora and tibiae covered with short robust setae, inner and outer margin of femora and tibiae with robust setae; outer margin of tibiae with scattered long fine setae; dark longitudinal stripe on femora and tibiae in dorsal area of outer surface.
Abdomen: Paraprocts long (length> basal width) and triangular; gill tuft dense, filaments long; tergite X square, hind margin straight with small posteromedial projection (♀); hind margin tergite X with paddle-like short robust setae.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Diglyphus isaea Walker
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N.
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Diglyphus
Diglyphus isaea

description: Diglyphus isaea (Walker)
Material examined. 5♀, Al-Gafara (Bahariya Oasis), 28°18'04"N, 28°56'12"E, 31.x.2013; 1♀, Beir Abu Egaela, v. 2013 (leg. Usama Abu El-Ghiet), on Medicago sativa L.
Previous records from Egypt. This species was introduced from the Netherlands and established in Egypt (Abd-Rabou 2006). It was recorded from Sids, El-Zarka, Damanhour (El-Serwy 2003), Qaluobia (Fadl & El- Khawas 2009), and Ebshway (Fayoum) (29°21'11"N, 30°41'22"E) (Gadallah et al. 2014).
Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
Host records. In Egypt, this species has been reported as one of the important natural enemies of Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani) and L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (El-Serwy 2003). It has been reported also from L. trifolii (Burgess) (Abd-Rabou 2006; Fadl & El-Khawas 2009), and Liriomyza sp. (Gadallah et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/236570
Dinotoperla marmorata Hynes
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla
Dinotoperla marmorata

description: Dinotoperla marmorata Hynes
(Fig. 17 A–D)
Larva. Remarks. Hynes (1982) redescribed the larval and adult life stages for this species but states that the life stage association is tentative as specimens were not collected from the same location or reared. The adult female in this study referred to as D. sp Tas most likely belongs to this species.
Material examined: Tasmania: 1 x larva: Lake Dobson inflow (A439). -42.68519, 146.59308. Collected: 9- Nov-78, Collector: N Hynes, Accession number: AN08 0 0 0 991 (housed in ANIC).
Length: Mature male larva 13 mm.
Colour: Light brown with patterning on the nota.
Body: Robust and stout, broad in the thorax and legs.
Head: Mottling pattern in the posterior area. Dorsal surface covered with short robust setae. Antennae approx. as long as body.
Thorax: Pronotum broad with flange that extends outside the eye position; all four corners broadly rounded. meso and meta-nota with raised bosses (not evident in early instars). Dorsal surface covered with short robust setae; margins with paddle-shaped robust setae.
Legs: Stout; femora broad. Femora and tibiae without fringe of long fine setae, outer surface covered with short robust setae. Femora outer and inner margin with long peg-like setae. 1st tarsal segment short.
Abdomen: Tergite surface with short robust setae, hind margin with paddle-like setae; tergite X elongate, setae the same as other tergites. Cerci shorter than abdomen with elongated segments by 9–10. Paraprocts long and narrow; length approx. twice basal width; operculum-like with tergite X.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Canis lupus subsp. dingo Meyer 1793
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. dingo meyer 1793

description: Canis lupus subsp. dingo Meyer 1793
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. antarcticus Kerr 1792; Canis lupus subsp. australasiae Desmarest 1820; Canis lupus subsp. australiae Gray 1826; Canis lupus subsp. dingoides Matschie 1915; Canis lupus subsp. macdonnellensis Matschie 1915; Canis lupus subsp. novaehollandiae Voigt 1831; Canis lupus subsp. papuensis Ramsay 1879; Canis lupus subsp. tenggerana Kohlbrugge 1896; Canis lupus subsp. harappensis Prashad 1936; Canis lupus subsp. hallstromi Troughton 1957.
Discussion: [domestic dog].
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton thermarum Muller Argoviensis 1873
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton thermarum

description: 35. Croton thermarum Müller Argoviensis (1873: 151).
Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “prope Caldas, in campis juxta thermas”, 1847, A.F. Regnell 1084 (holotype G 00434665!; isotypes BR 0000008760623!, BR 0000008760654!, P 00623517!, S S07-12769!, S SR-10582!, US 00109775!, US 00902149!). (Illustration available at Smith et al. 1988: 108)
Croton thermarum was synonymized under C. lanatus by Caruzo et al. (2020). We now disagree with that because although both species are morphologically similar, we have identified reproductive characteristics that permit their differentiation (see comments C. lanatus and Table 2). Therefore, we follow Caruzo et al. (2019), which recognize C. thermarum as an accepted species. The species is a member of section Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR) and southeastern (MG, SP) Brazil (Caruzo et al. 2019), where it grows in open vegetation, ‘capoeira’, and, frequently, edges of Araucaria Forest. It was registered for humid soil and rocky outcrops, between 600 and 1200 m elevation in Paraná (Fig.18).
Phenology:— Flowering from September to December, and fruiting from December to February.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Guarapuava, Serra da Esperança, 09 November 2012, M. G. Caxambu et al. 4420 (EFC, HCF, MBM, UEC). Imbituva, Rodovia BR-277, 05 December 1968, G. Hatschbach & O. Guimarães 20477 (MBM, NY). Pitanga, Arroio Grande, 14 January 1983, G. Hatschbach 46015 (MBM). Prudentópolis, 16 November 1957, G. Hatschbach 4314 (MBM). Santa Maria do Oeste, Rodovia Pitanga – Santa Maria do Oeste, Rio Feio, 19 February 2004, G. Hatschbach, M. Hatschbach & E. Barbosa 76817 (MBM, RB).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis lupus subsp. familiaris Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus
Canis lupus subsp. familiaris linnaeus 1758

description: Canis lupus subsp. familiaris Linnaeus 1758
Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. aegyptius Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. alco C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. americanus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. anglicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. antarcticus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. aprinus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. aquaticus Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. aquatilis Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. avicularis Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. borealis C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. brevipilis Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. cursorius Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. domesticus Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. extrarius Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. ferus C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. fricator Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. fricatrix Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. fuillus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. gallicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. glaucus C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. graius Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. grajus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. hagenbecki Krumbiegel 1950; Canis lupus subsp. haitensis C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. hibernicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. hirsutus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. hybridus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. islandicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. italicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. laniarius Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. leoninus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. leporarius C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. major Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. major Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. mastinus Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. melitacus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. melitaeus Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. minor Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. mustelinus Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. obesus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. orientalis Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. pacificus C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. plancus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. pomeranus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. sagaces C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. sanguinarius C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. sagax Linnaeus 1758; Canis lupus subsp. scoticus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. sibiricus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. suillus C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. terraenovae C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. terrarius C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. turcicus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. urcani C. E. H. Smith 1839; Canis lupus subsp. variegatus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. venaticus Gmelin 1792; Canis lupus subsp. vertegus Gmelin 1792.
Discussion: [domestic dog].
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519