cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonclassicality of axion-like dark matter through gravitational self-interactions
Creators: name: Kopp, Michael
name: Fragkos, Vasileios
name: Pikovski, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion-like particles (ALPs) are promising dark matter candidates. They are typically described by a classical field, motivated by large phase space occupation numbers. Here we show that such a description is accompanied by a quantum effect: squeezing due to gravitational self-interactions. For a typical QCD axion today, the onset of squeezing is reached on $\mathrm{μs}$-scales and grows over millennia. Thus within the usual models based on the classical Schrödinger-Poisson equation, a type of Gross-Pitaevskii equation, any viable ALP is nonclassical. We also show that squeezing may be relevant on the scales of other self-gravitating systems such as galactic haloes, or solitonic cores. Conversely, our results highlight the incompleteness and limitations of the classical single field description of ALPs.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, extended discussion and minor changes
Two-component scalar dark matter in $Z_{2n}$ scenarios
Creators: name: Yaguna, Carlos E.
name: Zapata, Óscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In multi-component scalar dark matter scenarios, a single $Z_N$ ($N\geq 4$) symmetry may account for the stability of different dark matter particles. Here we study the case where $N$ is even ($N=2n$) and two species, a complex scalar and a real scalar, contribute to the observed dark matter density. We perform a phenomenological analysis of three scenarios based on the $Z_4$ and $Z_6$ symmetries, characterizing their viable parameter spaces and analyzing their detection prospects. Our results show that, thanks to the new interactions allowed by the $Z_{2n}$ symmetry, current experimental constraints can be satisfied over a wider range of dark matter masses, and that these scenarios may lead to observable signals in direct detection experiments. Finally, we argue that these three scenarios serve as prototypes for other two-component $Z_{2n}$ models with one complex and one real dark matter particle.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures; v2 matches version published in JHEP
Exploring Periodicity and Interactivity in Multi-Interest Framework for Sequential Recommendation
Creators: name: Chen, Gaode
name: Zhang, Xinghua
name: Zhao, Yanyan
name: Xue, Cong
name: Xiang, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequential recommendation systems alleviate the problem of information overload, and have attracted increasing attention in the literature. Most prior works usually obtain an overall representation based on the user's behavior sequence, which can not sufficiently reflect the multiple interests of the user. To this end, we propose a novel method called PIMI to mitigate this issue. PIMI can model the user's multi-interest representation effectively by considering both the periodicity and interactivity in the item sequence. Specifically, we design a periodicity-aware module to utilize the time interval information between user's behaviors. Meanwhile, an ingenious graph is proposed to enhance the interactivity between items in user's behavior sequence, which can capture both global and local item features. Finally, a multi-interest extraction module is applied to describe user's multiple interests based on the obtained item representation. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets Amazon and Taobao show that PIMI outperforms state-of-the-art methods consistently.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be published in IJCAI-2021
Controlled Supercontinua via Spatial Beam Shaping
Creators: name: Zhdanova, Alexandra A.
name: Shen, Yujie
name: Thompson, Jonathan V.
name: Scully, Marlan O.
name: Yakovlev, Vladislav V.
name: Sokolov, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, optimization techniques have had a significant impact in a variety of fields, leading to a higher signal-to-noise and more streamlined techniques. We consider the possibility for using programmable phase-only spatial optimization of the pump beam to influence the supercontinuum generation process. Preliminary results show that significant broadening and rough control of the supercontinuum spectrum are possible without loss of input energy. This serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration that spatial effects can controllably influence the supercontinuum spectrum, leading to possibilities for utilizing supercontinuum power more efficiently and achieving arbitrary spectral control.
Non-toric Cones and Chern-Simons Quivers
Creators: name: Crichigno, P. Marcos
name: Jain, Dharmesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain an integral formula for the volume of non-toric tri-Sasaki Einstein manifolds arising from nonabelian hyperkahler quotients. The derivation is based on equivariant localization and generalizes existing formulas for Abelian quotients, which lead to toric manifolds. The formula is particularly valuable in the context of AdS$_{4}\times Y_{7}$ vacua of M-theory and their field theory duals. As an application, we consider 3d $\mathcal N=3$ Chern-Simons theories with affine ADE quivers. While the $\widehat A$ series corresponds to toric $Y_{7}$, the $\widehat D$ and $\widehat E$ series are non-toric. We compute the volumes of the corresponding seven-manifolds and compare to the prediction from supersymmetric localization in field theory, finding perfect agreement. This is the first test of an infinite number of non-toric AdS$_4$/CFT$_3$ dualities.
description: 2+24 pages. v2: Minor improvements to the text. Matches published version
Achieving fault tolerance on capped color codes with few ancillas
Creators: name: Tansuwannont, Theerapat
name: Leung, Debbie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attaining fault tolerance while maintaining low overhead is one of the main challenges in a practical implementation of quantum circuits. One major technique that can overcome this problem is the flag technique, in which high-weight errors arising from a few faults can be detected by a few ancillas and distinguished using subsequent syndrome measurements. The technique can be further improved using the fact that for some families of codes, errors of any weight are logically equivalent if they have the same syndrome and weight parity, as previously shown in [Phys. Rev. A 104, 042410 (2021)]. In this work, we develop a notion of distinguishable fault set which captures both concepts of flags and weight parities, and extend the use of weight parities in error correction from [Phys. Rev. A 104, 042410 (2021)] to families of capped and recursive capped color codes. We also develop fault-tolerant protocols for error correction, measurement, state preparation, and logical T gate implementation via code switching, which are sufficient for performing fault-tolerant Clifford computation on a capped color code, and performing fault-tolerant universal quantum computation on a recursive capped color code. Our protocols for a capped or a recursive capped color code of any distance require only 2 ancillas, assuming that the ancillas can be reused. The concept of distinguishable fault set also leads to a generalization of the definitions of fault-tolerant gadgets proposed by Aliferis, Gottesman, and Preskill.
description: 47 pages, 16 figures, comments welcome. V2 & V3: Minor revision. V4: Adding recursive capped color codes, circuits for a capped or a recursive capped color code of any distance, fault-tolerant protocol for T gate implementation, and code comparison
Dark Photon Search at A Circular $e^+e^-$ Collider
Creators: name: He, Min
name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Huang, Cheng-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the interesting portals linking a dark sector and the standard model (SM) is the kinetic mixing between the SM $U(1)_Y$ field with a new dark photon $A'$ from a $U(1)_{A'}$ gauge interaction. Stringent limits have been obtained for the kinetic mixing parameter $ε$ through various processes. In this work, we study the possibility of searching for a dark photon interaction at a circular $e^+e^-$ collider through the process $e^+ e^-\to γA^{\prime *} \to γμ^+μ^-$. We find that the constraint on $ε^2$ for dark photon mass in the few tens of GeV range, assuming that the $μ^+μ^-$ invariant mass can be measured to an accuracy of $0.5\%m_{A'}$, can be better than $3\times 10^{-6}$ for the proposed CEPC with a ten-year running at 3$σ$ (statistic) level, and better than $2\times 10^{-6}$ for FCC-ee with even just one-year running at $\sqrt{s} = 240$ GeV, better than the LHC and other facilities can do in a similar dark photon mass range. For FCC-ee, running at $\sqrt{s}=160$ GeV, the constraint can be even better.
description: RevTex, 9 pages with five figures. Minor modifications added
Analysis of the Evolution of Parametric Drivers of High-End Sea-Level Hazards
Creators: name: Hough, Alana
name: Wong, Tony E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Climate models are critical tools for developing strategies to manage the risks posed by sea-level rise to coastal communities. While these models are necessary for understanding climate risks, there is a level of uncertainty inherent in each parameter in the models. This model parametric uncertainty leads to uncertainty in future climate risks. Consequently, there is a need to understand how those parameter uncertainties impact our assessment of future climate risks and the efficacy of strategies to manage them. Here, we use random forests to examine the parametric drivers of future climate risk and how the relative importances of those drivers change over time. We find that the equilibrium climate sensitivity and a factor that scales the effect of aerosols on radiative forcing are consistently the most important climate model parametric uncertainties throughout the 2020 to 2150 interval for both low and high radiative forcing scenarios. The near-term hazards of high-end sea-level rise are driven primarily by thermal expansion, while the longer-term hazards are associated with mass loss from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Our results highlight the practical importance of considering time-evolving parametric uncertainties when developing strategies to manage future climate risks.
Anomaly-free deformations of spherical general relativity coupled to matter
Creators: name: Alonso-Bardaji, Asier
name: Brizuela, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic approach is developed in order to obtain spherically symmetric midisuperspace models that accept holonomy modifications in the presence of matter fields with local degrees of freedom. In particular, starting from the most general Hamiltonian quadratic in radial derivatives of the variables, we obtain a family of effective modified constraints that satisfy Dirac's deformation algebra, which encodes the covariance of general relativity, and show that (scale-dependent) holonomy corrections can be consistently implemented. In vacuum, the deformed anomaly-free Hamiltonian is explicitly written in terms of three free functions and we obtain a weak observable that can be interpreted as the mass of the model. Finally, as a particular example, we present a specific covariant polymeric model that remains regular for any value of the connection components. Some of its physical implications and the relation with previous studies in the literature are commented.
description: Minor changes and typo corrections
Learning complex dependency structure of gene regulatory networks from high dimensional micro-array data with Gaussian Bayesian networks
Creators: name: Graafland, Catharina Elisabeth
name: Gutiérrez, José Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gene expression datasets consist of thousand of genes with relatively small samplesizes (i.e. are large-$p$-small-$n$). Moreover, dependencies of various orders co-exist in the datasets. In the Undirected probabilistic Graphical Model (UGM) framework the Glasso algorithm has been proposed to deal with high dimensional micro-array datasets forcing sparsity. Also, modifications of the default Glasso algorithm are developed to overcome the problem of complex interaction structure. In this work we advocate the use of a simple score-based Hill Climbing algorithm (HC) that learns Gaussian Bayesian Networks (BNs) leaning on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). We compare HC with Glasso and its modifications in the UGM framework on their capability to reconstruct GRNs from micro-array data belonging to the Escherichia Coli genome. We benefit from the analytical properties of the Joint Probability Density (JPD) function on which both directed and undirected PGMs build to convert DAGs to UGMs. We conclude that dependencies in complex data are learned best by the HC algorithm, presenting them most accurately and efficiently, simultaneously modelling strong local and weaker but significant global connections coexisting in the gene expression dataset. The HC algorithm adapts intrinsically to the complex dependency structure of the dataset, without forcing a specific structure in advance. On the contrary, Glasso and modifications model unnecessary dependencies at the expense of the probabilistic information in the network and of a structural bias in the JPD function that can only be relieved including many parameters.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
End-to-end Temporal Action Detection with Transformer
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaolong
name: Wang, Qimeng
name: Hu, Yao
name: Tang, Xu
name: Zhang, Shiwei
name: Bai, Song
name: Bai, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal action detection (TAD) aims to determine the semantic label and the temporal interval of every action instance in an untrimmed video. It is a fundamental and challenging task in video understanding. Previous methods tackle this task with complicated pipelines. They often need to train multiple networks and involve hand-designed operations, such as non-maximal suppression and anchor generation, which limit the flexibility and prevent end-to-end learning. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end Transformer-based method for TAD, termed TadTR. Given a small set of learnable embeddings called action queries, TadTR adaptively extracts temporal context information from the video for each query and directly predicts action instances with the context. To adapt Transformer to TAD, we propose three improvements to enhance its locality awareness. The core is a temporal deformable attention module that selectively attends to a sparse set of key snippets in a video. A segment refinement mechanism and an actionness regression head are designed to refine the boundaries and confidence of the predicted instances, respectively. With such a simple pipeline, TadTR requires lower computation cost than previous detectors, while preserving remarkable performance. As a self-contained detector, it achieves state-of-the-art performance on THUMOS14 (56.7% mAP) and HACS Segments (32.09% mAP). Combined with an extra action classifier, it obtains 36.75% mAP on ActivityNet-1.3. Code is available at https://github.com/xlliu7/TadTR.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (TIP). Code: https://github.com/xlliu7/TadTR
Magnitude of pseudopotential localization errors in fixed node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Krogel, Jaron T.
name: Kent, Paul R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growth in computational resources has lead to the application of real space diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) to increasingly heavy elements. Although generally assumed to be small, we find that when using standard techniques the pseudopotential localization error can be large, on the order of an electron volt for an isolated cerium atom. We formally show that localization error can be reduced to zero with improvements to the Jastrow factor alone and we define a metric of Jastrow sensitivity that may be useful in the design of pseudopotentials. We employ an extrapolation scheme to extract the bare fixed node energy and estimate the localization error in both the locality approximation and the T-moves schemes for the Ce atom in charge states 3+ and 4+. The locality approximation exhibits the lowest Jastrow sensitivity and generally smaller localization errors than T-moves, although the locality approximation energy approaches the localization free limit from above/below for the 3+/4+ charge state. We find that energy minimized Jastrow factors including three-body electron-electron-ion terms are the most effective at reducing localization error for both the locality approximation and T-moves. Less complex or variance minimized Jastrows are generally less effective. Our results suggest that further improvements to Jastrow factors and trial wavefunction forms will be necessary to reduce localization errors to chemical accuracy in calculations of heavy elements.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Certifying Multilevel Coherence in the Motional State of a Trapped Ion
Creators: name: Corfield, Ollie
name: Lishman, Jake
name: Lee, Chungsun
name: Toba, Jacopo Mosca
name: Porter, George
name: Heinrich, Johannes M.
name: Webster, Simon C.
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Thompson, Richard C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence is one of the clearest departures from classical physics, exhibited when a system is in a superposition of different basis states. Here the coherent superposition of three motional Fock states of a single trapped ion is experimentally certified, with a procedure provably robust against imperfect operation. As the motional state cannot be directly interrogated, our scheme uses an interference pattern generated by projective measurement of the coupled qubit state. The minimum number of coherently superposed states is inferred from a series of threshold values based on analysis of the interference pattern. This demonstrates that high-level coherence can be verified and investigated with simple, nonideal control methods well-suited to noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
Circumventing the Stability Problems of Graphene Nanoribbon Zigzag Edges
Creators: name: Lawrence, James
name: Berdonces-Layunta, Alejandro
name: Edalatmanesh, Shayan
name: Castro-Esteban, Jesús
name: Wang, Tao
name: Mohammed, Mohammed S. G.
name: Vilas-Varela, Manuel
name: Jelinek, Pavel
name: Peña4, Diego
name: de Oteyza, Dimas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable exploitation. Here, we prove the viability of chemical protection/deprotection strategies for this aim, demonstrated on labile chiral graphene nanoribbons (chGNRs). Upon hydrogenation, the chGNRs survive an exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure via annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a chemically stable oxidized form of the chGNRs that can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form via hydrogenation and annealing. These findings may represent an important step toward the integration of zigzag-edged nanostructures in devices.
Analysis of $Λ_b\rightarrowΛl^+ l^-$ rare decays in a non-universal $Z'$ model
Creators: name: Banerjee, D.
name: Sahoo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the rare baryonic $Λ_b\rightarrowΛl^+ l^-$ decays in a non-universal $Z'$ model, which is one of the well-motivated extensions of the standard model (SM). Considering the effects of $Z'$-mediated flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) we analyse the differential decay rate, forward-backward asymmetries and lepton polarisation asymmetries for the $Λ_b\rightarrowΛl^+ l^-$ decays. We find significant deviations from their SM predictions, which could indicate new physics arising from the $Z'$ gauge boson.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, It is accepted and to be published in Chinese Physics C
Order from a mess: the growth of 5-armchair graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Berdonces-Layunta, Alejandro
name: Schulz, Fabian
name: Aguilar-Galindo, Fernando
name: Lawrence, James
name: Mohammed, Mohammed S. G.
name: Muntwiler, Matthias
name: Lobo-Checa, Jorge
name: Liljeroth, Peter
name: de Oteyza, Dimas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of on-surface chemistry under vacuum has vastly increased our capabilities to synthesize carbon-nanomaterials with atomic precision. Among the types of target structures that have been synthesized by these means, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have probably attracted the most attention. In this context, the vast majority of GNRs have been synthesized from the same chemical reaction: Ullmann coupling followed by cyclodehydrogenation. Here, we provide a detailed study of the growth process of 5-atom-wide armchair GNRs starting from dibromoperylene. Combining scanning probe microscopy with temperature-dependent XPS measurements and theoretical calculations, we show that the GNR growth departs from the conventional reaction scenario. Instead, precursor molecules couple by means of a concerted mechanism whereby two covalent bonds are formed simultaneously, along with a concomitant dehydrogenation. Indeed, this novel reaction path is responsible for the straight GNR growth, something remarkable considering the initial mixture of reactant isomers with irregular metal-organic intermediates that we find. The provided insight will not only help understanding the reaction mechanisms of other reactants, but also serve as a guide for the design of new precursor molecules.
Systematic Identification of LAEs for Visible Exploration and Reionization Research Using Subaru HSC (SILVERRUSH). I. Program Strategy and Clustering Properties of ~2,000 Lya Emitters at z=6-7 over the 0.3-0.5 Gpc$^2$ Survey Area
Creators: name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Harikane, Yuichi
name: Shibuya, Takatoshi
name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
name: Taniguchi, Yoshiaki
name: Konno, Akira
name: Kobayashi, Masakazu
name: Kajisawa, Masaru
name: Nagao, Tohru
name: Ono, Yoshiaki
name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Umemura, Masayuki
name: Mori, Masao
name: Hasegawa, Kenji
name: Higuchi, Ryo
name: Komiyama, Yutaka
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Nakajima, Kimihiko
name: Saito, Tomoki
name: Wang, Shiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the SILVERRUSH program strategy and clustering properties investigated with $\sim 2,000$ Ly$α$ emitters at $z=5.7$ and $6.6$ found in the early data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program survey exploiting the carefully designed narrowband filters. We derive angular correlation functions with the unprecedentedly large samples of LAEs at $z=6-7$ over the large total area of $14-21$ deg$^2$ corresponding to $0.3-0.5$ comoving Gpc$^2$. We obtain the average large-scale bias values of $b_{\rm avg}=4.1\pm 0.2$ ($4.5\pm 0.6$) at $z=5.7$ ($z=6.6$) for $\gtrsim L^*$ LAEs, indicating the weak evolution of LAE clustering from $z=5.7$ to $6.6$. We compare the LAE clustering results with two independent theoretical models that suggest an increase of an LAE clustering signal by the patchy ionized bubbles at the epoch of reionization (EoR), and estimate the neutral hydrogen fraction to be $x_{\rm HI}=0.15^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$ at $z=6.6$. Based on the halo occupation distribution models, we find that the $\gtrsim L^*$ LAEs are hosted by the dark-matter halos with the average mass of $\log (\left < M_{\rm h} \right >/M_\odot) =11.1^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ ($10.8^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$) at $z=5.7$ ($6.6$) with a Ly$α$ duty cycle of 1 % or less, where the results of $z=6.6$ LAEs may be slightly biased, due to the increase of the clustering signal at the EoR. Our clustering analysis reveals the low-mass nature of $\gtrsim L^*$ LAEs at $z=6-7$, and that these LAEs probably evolve into massive super-$L^*$ galaxies in the present-day universe.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in PASJ special issue
The Effect of Service-Length Obligations on Occupational Selection: Evidence from West Point Graduates
Creators: name: Redman, Samuel
name: Greenberg, Kyle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper estimates the effect of the U.S. Army’s June 2020 decision to increase the service obligation for Army aviators from six to ten years on West Point cadets’ preferences for aviation. We use a difference-in-differences identification strategy, exploiting how the policy took effect after the Class of 2021 submitted four sets of interim preferences but before cadets submitted two final sets of preferences, using preferences from cadets in the Classes of 2015 to 2020 to form counterfactual outcomes. The increased service obligation made aviation less popular, reducing the percentage of cadets who ranked aviation as their first choice by 4.1 percentage points (baseline of 18.5%) and increasing the percentage of cadets who ranked aviation as among their three lowest choices by 6.9 percentage points (baseline of 8.9%). The reduction in aviation’s popularity is most pronounced among cadets with above-median grade-point-averages, above-median aviation talent scores, and above-median SAT scores.
Band structure and energy level alignment of chiral graphene nanoribbons on silver surfaces
Creators: name: Corso, Martina
name: Menchón, Rodrigo E.
name: Piquero-Zulaica, Ignacio
name: Vilas-Varela, Manuel
name: Ortega, J. Enrique
name: Peña, Diego
name: Garcia-Lekue, Aran
name: de Oteyza, Dimas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral graphene nanoribbons are extremely interesting structures due to their low bandgaps and potential development of spin-polarized edge states. Here, we study their band structure on low work function silver surfaces and assess the effect of charge transfer on their properties.
Existence and uniqueness of global solutions to the stochastic heat equation with super-linear drift on an unbounded spatial domain
Creators: name: Salins, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 35R60

description: We prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions to the semilinear stochastic heat equation on an unbounded spatial domain with forcing terms that grow superlinearly and satisfy an Osgood condition $\int 1/|f(u)|du = +\infty$ along with additional restrictions. For example, consider the forcing $f(u) = u \log(e^e + |u|)\log(\log(e^e+|u|))$. A new dynamic weighting procedure is introduced to control the solutions, which are unbounded in space.
Civil War Peace Agreements and Gender Inclusion
Creators: name: Lounsbery, Marie Olson
name: Gerring, Nicole
name: Rose, Kaitlyn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: In 2000, The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 actively promoted the inclusion of women and their perspectives in peace processes, as well as promoted a gender perspective in post-conflict recovery and institution building. The number of gender provisions in civil war peace agreements has increased since 2001 as a result, but not all such provisions serve the same purpose. In this study, we present a provision typology that divides gender provisions into those that seek to empower women and compare them to those that address conflict victimization. We suggest that the context under which the peace agreement takes place, and conditions of the conflict itself, should influence where empowerment and victimization provisions are employed if they are to have the type of impact sought by the UNSC and improve post-conflict outcomes. We test our propositions on all civil war peace agreements occurring between 1990-2018. Findings indicate that gender provisions designed to empower women are unlikely to emerge in societies where they are perhaps most needed. Comparatively, it appears there is less resistance to gender provisions aimed at addressing conflict-related victimization.
Steerable 3D Spherical Neurons
Creators: name: Melnyk, Pavlo
name: Felsberg, Michael
name: Wadenbäck, Mårten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Emerging from low-level vision theory, steerable filters found their counterpart in prior work on steerable convolutional neural networks equivariant to rigid transformations. In our work, we propose a steerable feed-forward learning-based approach that consists of neurons with spherical decision surfaces and operates on point clouds. Such spherical neurons are obtained by conformal embedding of Euclidean space and have recently been revisited in the context of learning representations of point sets. Focusing on 3D geometry, we exploit the isometry property of spherical neurons and derive a 3D steerability constraint. After training spherical neurons to classify point clouds in a canonical orientation, we use a tetrahedron basis to quadruplicate the neurons and construct rotation-equivariant spherical filter banks. We then apply the derived constraint to interpolate the filter bank outputs and, thus, obtain a rotation-invariant network. Finally, we use a synthetic point set and real-world 3D skeleton data to verify our theoretical findings. The code is available at https://github.com/pavlo-melnyk/steerable-3d-neurons.
description: ICML2022
Review of Inductive Pulsed Power Generators for Railguns
Creators: name: Liebfried, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This literature review addresses inductive pulsed power generators and their major components. Different inductive storage designs like solenoids, toroids and force-balanced coils are briefly presented and their advantages and disadvantages are mentioned. Special emphasis is given to inductive circuit topologies which have been investigated in railgun research such as the XRAM, meat grinder or pulse transformer topologies. One section deals with opening switches as they are indispensable for inductive storages and another one deals briefly with SMES for pulsed power applications. In the end, the most relevant inductor systems which were realized in respect to railgun research are summarized in a table, together with its main characteristics.
description: The paper has 7 pages, 9 figures, 1 table and 85 citations. It was presented at the 18th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology, Wuhan, China, Oct. 2016. This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science. The published version of the paper will be available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
Accounting for spatiality of renewables and storage in transmission planning
Creators: name: Göke, Leonard
name: Kendziorski, Mario
name: Kemfert, Claudia
name: von Hirschhausen, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current governance process to plan the German energy system omits two options to substitute grid expansion: First, placing renewables closer to demand instead of where site conditions are best. Second, utilizing storage instead of additional transmission infrastructure to prevent grid congestion. In the paper, we apply a comprehensive capacity expansion model based on the AnyMOD modelling framework to compare the status quo to alternative planning approaches for a fully renewable energy system. To represent spatiality and fluctuations of renewables, the German electricity sector is modelled with great spatio-temporal detail of 32 NUTS2 regions and hourly time-steps. In addition to the German electricity sector, analysis also accounts for exchange of energy with the rest of Europe and demand for electricity and electricity-based fuels, like hydrogen or synthetic gases, from the industry, transport, and heat sector. The results reveal that a first-best solution can be well approximated if the current planning approach also considered storage for congestion management. Placing renewables different has no significant effect in our case, because the available potential must be exploited almost entirely leaving little room for optimization. Furthermore, a sensitivity on the first-best scenario prohibiting additional transmission lines entirely suggests that grid expansion can be substituted at tolerable costs.
Stability in the Marcinkiewicz theorem
Creators: name: Eremenko, Alexandre
name: Fryntov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E10

description: Ostrovskii's generalization of the Marcinkiewicz theorem implies that if an entire characteristic functions of a probability distribution satisfies $\log^+\log|f(z)|=o(|z|),\; z\to\infty,$ and is zero-free then the distribution is normal. We show that under the same growth condition, absence of zeros in a wide vertical strip implies that the distribution is close to a normal one. This generalizes and simplifies a recent result of Michelen and Sahasrabudhe.
description: 6 pages
Snap-induced morphing: From a single bistable shell to the origin of shape bifurcation in interacting shells
Creators: name: Liu, Mingchao
name: Domino, Lucie
name: de Dinechin, Iris Dupont
name: Taffetani, Matteo
name: Vella, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bistability of embedded elements provides a natural route through which to introduce reprogrammability to elastic meta-materials. One example of this is the soft morphable sheet, in which bistable elements that can be snapped up or down, are embedded within a soft sheet. The state of the sheet can then be programmed by snapping particular elements up or down, resulting in different global shapes. However, attempts to leverage this programmability have been limited by the tendency for the deformations induced by multiple elastic elements to cause large global shape bifurcations. We study the root cause of this bifurcation in the soft morphable sheet by developing a detailed understanding of the behaviour of a single bistable element attached to a flat 'skirt' region. We study the geometrical limitations on the bistability of this single element, and show that the structure of its deformation can be understood using a boundary layer analysis. Moreover, by studying the compressive strains that a single bistable element induces in the surrounding skirt we show that the shape bifurcation in the soft morphable sheet can be delayed by an appropriate design of the lattice on which bistable elements are placed.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Spatio-temporal coherent control of thermal excitations in solids
Creators: name: Sander, Mathias
name: Herzog, Marc
name: Pudell, Jan-Etienne
name: Bargheer, Matias
name: Weinkauf, Norbert
name: Pedersen, Martin
name: Newby, Gemma
name: Sellmann, Jan
name: Schwarzkopf, Jutta
name: Besse, Valentin
name: Temnov, Vasily
name: Gaal, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements of femtosecond laser-induced transient gratings are applied to demonstrate the spatio-temporal coherent control of thermally induced surface deformations on ultrafast timescales. Using gracing incidence X-ray diffraction we unambiguously measure the amplitude of transient surface deformations with sub-Å resolution. Understanding the dynamics of femtosecond TG excitations in terms of superposition of acoustic and thermal gratings makes it possible to develop new ways of coherent control in X-ray diffraction experiments. Being the dominant source of TG signal, the long-living thermal grating with spatial period $Λ$ can be canceled by a second, time-delayed TG excitation shifted by $Λ/2$. The ultimate speed limits of such an ultrafast X-ray shutter are inferred from the detailed analysis of thermal and acoustic dynamics in TG experiments.
Flashes of Hidden Worlds at Colliders
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (This is a general physics level overview article about hidden sectors, and how they motivate searches for long-lived particles. Intended for publication in Physics Today.) Searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider have so far come up empty, but we just might not be looking in the right place. Spectacular bursts of particles appearing seemingly out of nowhere could shed light on some of nature's most profound mysteries.
description: Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Physics Today. Shortened second section, added discussion on collider searches, added references
The Effect of SERVICE-LENGTH Obligations on Occupational Selection: Evidence from West Point Graduates
Creators: name: Redman, Samuel
name: Greenberg, Kyle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper estimates the effect of the U.S. Army’s June 2020 decision to increase the service obligation for Army aviators from six to ten years on West Point cadets’ preferences for aviation. We use a difference-in-differences identification strategy, exploiting how the policy took effect after the Class of 2021 submitted four sets of interim preferences but before cadets submitted two final sets of preferences, using preferences from cadets in the Classes of 2015 to 2020 to form counterfactual outcomes. The increased service obligation made aviation less popular, reducing the percentage of cadets who ranked aviation as their first choice by 4.1 percentage points (baseline of 18.5%) and increasing the percentage of cadets who ranked aviation as among their three lowest choices by 6.9 percentage points (baseline of 8.9%). The reduction in aviation’s popularity is most pronounced among cadets with above-median grade-point-averages, above-median aviation talent scores, and above-median SAT scores.
Tuning Gap in Corrugated Graphene with Spin Dependence
Creators: name: El-hassouny, Jaouad
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Atmania, El Houssine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transmission in a system consisting of a curved graphene surface as an arc (ripple) of circle connected to two flat graphene sheets on the left and right sides. We introduce a mass term in the curved part and study the effect of a generated band gap in spectrum on transport properties for spin-up/-down. The tunneling analysis allows us to find all transmission and reflections channels modeled by the band gap. This later acts by decreasing the transmissions with spin-up/-down but increasing with spin opposite, which exhibit some behaviors look like bell-shaped curve. We find resonances appearing in reflection with the same spin, thus backscattering with a spin-up/-down is not null in ripple. We observe huge spatial shifts for the total conduction in our model and the magnitudes of these shifts can be efficiently controlled by adjusting the band gap. This high order tunability of the tunneling effect can be used to design highly accurate devises based on graphene.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures. Clarifications and references added
Deep unfitted Nitsche method for elliptic interface problems
Creators: name: Guo, Hailong
name: Yang, Xu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a deep unfitted Nitsche method for computing elliptic interface problems with high contrasts in high dimensions. To capture discontinuities of the solution caused by interfaces, we reformulate the problem as an energy minimization involving two weakly coupled components. This enables us to train two deep neural networks to represent two components of the solution in high-dimensional. The curse of dimensionality is alleviated by using the Monte-Carlo method to discretize the unfitted Nitsche energy function. We present several numerical examples to show the performance of the proposed method.
description: 15 pages
A Local Leaky-box Model for the Local Stellar Surface Density - Gas Surface Density - Gas Phase Metallicity Relation
Creators: name: Zhu, Guangtun
name: Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Sánchez, Sebastian F.
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Brinkmann, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the relation between the stellar surface density, the gas surface density, and the gas-phase metallicity of typical disk galaxies in the local Universe with the SDSS-IV/MaNGA survey, using the star formation rate surface density as an indicator for the gas surface density. We show that these three local parameters form a tight relationship, confirming previous works (e.g., by the PINGS and CALIFA surveys), but with a larger sample. We present a new local leaky-box model, assuming star formation history and chemical evolution is localized except for outflowing materials. We derive closed-form solutions for the evolution of stellar surface density, gas surface density and gas-phase metallicity, and show that these parameters form a tight relation independent of initial gas density and time. We show that, with canonical values of model parameters, this predicted relation match the observed one well. In addition, we briefly describe a pathway to improving the current semi-analytic models of galaxy formation by incorporating the local leaky-box model in the cosmological context, which can potentially explain simultaneously multiple properties of Milky Way-type disk galaxies, such as the size growth and the global stellar mass-gas metallicity relation.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted version to MNRAS
Comparison of the measured atmospheric muon rate with Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity study for detection of prompt atmospheric muons with KM3NeT
Creators: name: Kalaczyński, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KM3NeT Collaboration has successfully deployed the first detection units of the next generation undersea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea at the two sites in Italy and in France. The data sample collected between December 2016 and January 2020 has been used to measure the atmospheric muon rate at two different depths under the sea level: 3.5 km with KM3NeT-ARCA and 2.5 km with KM3NeT-ORCA. Atmospheric muons represent an abundant signal in a neutrino telescope and can be used to test the reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation chain and to study the physics of extensive air showers caused by highly-energetic primary nuclei impinging the Earth's atmosphere. At energies above PeV the contribution from prompt muons, created right after the first interaction in the shower, is expected to become dominant, however its existence has not yet been experimentally confirmed. In this talk, data collected with the first detection units of KM3NeT are compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on MUPAGE and CORSIKA codes. The main features of the simulation and reconstruction chains are presented. Additionally, the first results of the simulated signal from the prompt muon component for KM3NeT-ARCA and KM3NeT-ORCA obtained with CORSIKA are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, based on Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), 12-23 July 2021, Berlin, Germany. No modifications
Additional file 1 of Exploring the association between statins use or HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Makhlouf, Hamdy A.
name: Hassan, Amr K.
name: Almosilhy, Nereen A.
name: Osman, Ahmed S.A.
name: Ramadan, Shrouk
name: Abouelmagd, Moaz Elsayed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1