cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Indonemoura trispina Li and Sivec 2005
Creators: name: Li, Weihai
name: Yang, Ding
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Nemouridae
Indonemoura
Indonemoura trispina

description: Indonemoura trispina Li and Sivec, 2005
(Figs. 42–46)
Indonemoura trispina Li & Sivec, 2005. Zootaxa. 893: 3. Type locality: Guangdong, Nanling.
Diagnosis. Epiproct with weak apical indentation and with ventral sclerite strongly sclerotized, expanded ventrally into a ridge with several spines. Outer lobe of paraproct bulbous at base and forming a heavily sclerotized blade at tip; median lobe with two more slender lobes. Hypoproct with three terminal spines.
Material examined. 1 male, CHINA: Guangdong, Dawuling, 2002. VI. 4. Z. Xu. Distribution. China (Guangdong).
description: Published as part of Li, Weihai & Yang, Ding, 2006, The genus Indonemoura Baumann, 1975 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from China, pp. 47-61 in Zootaxa 1283 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173446
Belenus bengalensis Distant 1909
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Belenus
Belenus bengalensis

description: Belenus bengalensis Distant 1909
Material examined: 1 ɗ, Laos, Vientiane, 1965, light trap, J.L. Gressitt coll., Bishop. Comment: This species is already known from India, Thailand, and New Guinea.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
title: Human Rights Violation and (non)Prospect for Democracy in Thailand
Creators: name: Sae Chua, Bencharat
Publisher: name: Global Campus
Year: 2018
Subjects: human rights violations
Thailand
democracy
elections
freedom of expression
political participation
civil society
right of assembly

description: The international community (in particular, the European Union and the United States) suspended political relations with Thailand after the military coup in 2014. This relationship has been gradually normalized since the December 2017 announcement, in response to the Thai Military Government’s proposal for an election to be held in the end of 2018, that the EU would “pursue gradual political re-engagement” including political contacts at all levels and resume talks on a free trade agreement. This policy brief, however, suggests that the Thai government’s claim to hold an election is neither a promise of return to genuine democracy, nor does it ensure respect of rights and liberties; rather, this policy brief recommends the international community to continue monitoring and pressuring the Thai military junta to respect human rights, freedom of expression and public participation. It is also recommended that any future talks between the EU and Thailand include the issue of human rights defenders and civil society. Political and trade relationships cannot exist in an environment where HRDs and civil society are unable to participate in the discussion, especially if they are not able to make either their own communities or EU governments aware of potential impacts of these relationships.
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1689 – Rouen
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits manufacturés
subject: produits exotiques et ultramarins
subject: produits chimiques et médicinaux
subject: produits agroalimentaires
subject: matériaux de construction

description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : savon ; sucre ; alun ; soufre
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : produits manufacturés ; produits exotiques et ultramarins ; produits chimiques et médicinaux ; produits agroalimentaires
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : moulage ; plâtre ; verre ; bouteilles ; chaux ; goudron ; quincaillerie
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits manufacturés ; matériaux de construction ; produits chimiques et médicinaux
description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1689 avec le port "Rouen"
description: Coverage: Grand cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: MONIMART, Jacques. Essai sur le trafic marchand de Saint-Malo en 1688 et 1689 : le commerce malouin à la veille et au début de la guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg. DES : Histoire : Rennes, s.d. (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1004)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Corythauma ayyari Drake 1933
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Corythauma
Corythauma ayyari

description: Corythauma ayyari (Drake 1933)
Material examined: 6 ɗ, 7 Ψ, Laos, Vientiane, 26.III.1966 J. Sedlacek coll., Bishop. Comments: This species is known from India and Penang Island, on Jasminum pubescens (star jasmine), Lantana sp., Musa sp. (plantain), and Hedychium sp. (cardamon).
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
Thor amboinensis De Man 1888
Creators: name: Bartilotti, Cátia
name: Salabert, Joana
name: Santos, Antonina Dos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Thor
Thor amboinensis

description: Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888)
(Figures 2–6)
description: Published as part of Bartilotti, Cátia, Salabert, Joana & Santos, Antonina Dos, 2016, Complete larval development of Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888) (Decapoda: Thoridae) described from laboratory-reared material and identified by DNA barcoding, pp. 399-420 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/259000
Pollicipes tithonica Withers 1912
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes tithonica

description: Pycnolepas tithonica (Withers, 1912)
Original description. Withers (1912: 506, pl. 23, fig. 2a, b, as Brachylepas (?) tithonicus) [see also Withers 1928: 92, pl. 12, figs 13, 14].
Type. Holotype is a carina in the M. Remeš Collection (Olomouc), an ‘electrotype’ of which is NHM I.15819.
Locality and stratigraphy. Štramberk, Moravia (Czech Republic); White Limestone (Tithonian, 141– 135 Ma).
Remarks. The single carina known of P. tithonica is semicylindrical, strongly convex transversely with steeply inclined sides, non-carinate and comparatively large (length [estimated] 27 mm); ornament consists of regularly spaced, sharp-edged and straight transverse ridges; lacking longitudinal ridges and interspaces smooth. No other capitular valves are known. So far as no other valves and/or imbricating plates are known, assignment to Pycnolepas must remain tentative; Withers (1928: 93) noted that there was some resemblance to carinae of Brachylepas fallax (Darwin, 1851).
Occurrence. Known only from the type locality; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Foliaro nº 30 (Vietnamio nº 3) (p. 40)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Pri toleremo kaj reciproka respektado (P.N.)
AMBIENTE LABORAL MOTIVADOR DESDE LA VIRTUALIDAD GENERADO EN TIEMPOS DE COVID-19
Creators: name: Machado Viloria, Manuel Salvador
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 390403
subject: Educational administration, management and leadership
classificationCode: 390405
subject: Educational technology and computing
classificationCode: 390412
subject: Teacher and student wellbeing

description: El propósito de esta investigación fue describir el ambiente laboral motivador desde la virtualidad generado en tiempos de covid-19, fundamentado en los aportes de Alles (2019), Robbins y Coulter (2018), Sheen (2018), y otros. El tipo de investigación fue documental, descriptivo, bibliográfico, este proceso estuvo revisado por documentos, investigaciones, artículos, unidades de análisis por los artículos, libros y textos. La técnica documental empleada se centra en la observación y análisis de diversas fuentes documentales, análisis e interpretación de los datos e información relevante, documental-bibliográfica, información partiendo de los razonamientos hermenéutica. Como resultado se vislumbra que ha sido una transformación de clima virtual donde se ha propiciado cambios de metodología para concebir un entorno acorde a los requerimientos de los participantes, los estudiantes son los garantes de su propio ambiente laboral motivador; en este sentido, la pandemia ha venido a darle mayor relevancia a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), conjuntamente con sus recursos y herramientas, las cuales, han tenido que ser utilizadas por los acores escolares, donde el ambiente laboral motivador ha sido desde el propio directivo, docentes, estudiantes involucrando las plataformas virtuales desde la interacción armónica a través de una pantalla de computador. Para citar: Machado, M. (2023). Ambiente laboral motivador desde la virtualidad generado en tiempos de covid-19. Capítulo de libro: Memorias del curso de redacción y elaboración de ensayos y artículos científicos (p. 155-177) Resultado de investigación. Compiladora: Magger Suárez Corona (2023). Fondo Editorial UNEFM. Falcón – Venezuela. FUNDAUNEFM. I Cohorte. Depósito legal: FA2023000048. ISBN: 978-980-245-133-3. Recuperado en: https://www.unefm.net/editorial/index.php?op=10&id_publi=46
Stephanitis (Stephanitis) typica Distant 1903
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Stephanitis
Stephanitis typica

description: Stephanitis (Stephanitis) typica (Distant 1903)
Material examined: 2 ɗ, Sedone prov., Paksong, 18.V.1965, P.D. Ashlock coll., Bishop. Comments: This species is widespread in the Oriental region, but these specimens are the first record of the species from Laos.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
Pollicipes fimbriata Withers 1912
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes fimbriata

description: Pycnolepas fimbriata (Withers, 1912)
Original description. Withers (1912: 506, pl. 23, fig. 1a, b, as Brachylepas (?) fimbriatus) [see also Withers 1928: 91, pl. 12, figs 9–12].
Type. Holotype is a carina in the M. Remeš Collection (Olomouc), an ‘electrotype’ of which is NHM I.15818.
Locality and stratigraphy. Stramberg (= Štramberk), Moravia (Czech Republic); Red Limestone, Tithonian (141–135 Ma).
Remarks. The single carina known of P. fimbriata is semicylindrical, strongly convex transversely, noncarinate and comparatively small (length c. 13 mm), with a near-straight basal margin; ornament consists of regularly spaced, prominent, transverse and rounded longitudinal ridges. Two other capitular valves have been referred to this species, albeit with a query. One is a fragmentary tergum (Withers, 1928: pl. 12, fig. 11; Red Limestone, Nesselsdorf = Koprivnice), with a straight apicobasal ridge; the other a fragmentary?rostrum (Withers, 1928: pl. 12, fig. 12). In the absence of other valves, assignment to Pycnolepas must remain tentative; Withers (1928: 93) noted a general resemblance to the carina of P. rigida.
Occurrence. Known only from the Red Limestone (Tithonian) of Štramberk and Koprivnice, Moravia (Czech Republic); no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Abbreviations and Punctuation in papyri from Herculaneum
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 79
description: Annotations, lists, bibliographical references on the presence and the use of abbreviations and punctuation in Greek and Latin papyri. Part of the material seems to be related to the publication of an article on the diple (1979).
description: Source: 4MAR_8_2_5-13
description: Relation: letter from??
description: created: n.d., 1958, 1979
Stephanitis (Stephanitis) laudata Drake & Poor 1953
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Stephanitis
Stephanitis laudata

description: Stephanitis (Stephanitis) laudata Drake & Poor 1953
Material examined: 1 Ψ, Laos, Vientiane prov., Phou Kou Khouei, 800m, 1213. IV.1965, J.L. Gressitt coll., Bishop; 1 Ψ, Laos, Vientiane prov, Ban Van Eue, 31.XII.1965, Malaise trap, native coll., Rondon- Bishop.
Comments: This species is already known from China (Hainan Island) and Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
Pollicipes articulata Collins 1980
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes articulata

description: Pycnolepas articulata Collins, 1980
Original description. Collins (1980: 22, figs 2, 3).
Type. Holotype is BAS KG.1657.8b; paratypes are BAS KG.1657.8a, c; all are articulated, near-complete capitula (leg. M.R.A. Thomson).
Locality and stratigraphy. Station KG.1657, northern Hyperion Nunataks, southeastern Alexander Island (Antarctica); Fossil Bluff Formation,?lower Aptian. Associated ammonites and a brachiopod suggest approximate correlation with the Fossil Bluff section, for which an early Aptian age (c. 113–112 Ma) was suggested (Thomson, 1974; see also Crame, 1985).
Remarks. The type lot represents the only articulated material of Pycnolepas known to date. Pycnolepas articulata is a moderately large species with thin, strongly ridged valves; carina subcylindrical, with rounded parietes; tergum subrhomboidal; scutum elongate-triangular, showing one longitudinal ridge more prominent than other ridges on occludent side of apicobasal ridge; rostrum only partially preserved, apparently reaching half the length of scutum; imbricating plates in three or four whorls, subtriangular and with broadly rounded apex, each having narrow basal ridge with shallow, slit-like median socket.
Occurrence. Known only from the type locality; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Pollicipes rigida
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes rigida

description: Pycnolepas rigida (J. de C. Sowerby, 1836)
Original description. J. de C. Sowerby (1836: 335, pl. 11, fig. 6, as Pollicipes rigidus).
Type. Lectotype, designated by Withers (1914: 170), is a scutum illustrated by J. de C. Sowerby (1836); current whereabouts unknown.
Locality and stratigraphy. Folkestone, southeast England; lower Gault (middle Albian).
Remarks. Va l v e s o f P. rigida are transversely, and generally also longitudinally, ridged; scutum elongatetriangular, with basilateral portion produced and with narrow wall-sided ridge curving from apex to basilateral angle; tergum with apical portion much curved towards scutum and with ridge like that of scutum, curving from apex to basal angle; width of imbricating plates exceeding height. Lot NHMM 2006 0 20 (leg. J.S.H. Collins), comprising isolated scuta, terga, rostra and carinae from the Albian of Bedfordshire (England), shows the wide range of variation of this taxon, expressed in valve proportions (length/width ratio), ornament (in particular, number and strength of longitudinal and transverse ribs) and width of apicobasal ridge (see Withers, 1935).
Occurrence. Lower Albian (c. 108–107 Ma) to middle (?upper) Cenomanian (c. 93–92 Ma), England (Bedfordshire, Kent, Cambridge area) and France (Yonne, Haute-Marne); common in the lower Albian Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone, ranging throughout overlying Albian zones and extending into the Chalk Marl and higher (Cenomanian, Schloenbachia varians and Holaster [= Crassiholaster] subglobosus zones) (Collins, 1980; Carriol & Collins, 2000; Owen, 2002; Smith & Wright, 2003).
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Stephanitis (Norba) outouana Drake & Maa 1953
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Stephanitis
Stephanitis outouana

description: Stephanitis (Norba) outouana Drake & Maa 1953
Material examined: 1 Ψ, Laos, Vientiane prov., Ban Van Eue, 30.XI.1966, native coll., Bishop.
Comments: This specimen has all the characteristics of S. outouana, except that it is much larger (4.17 mm) and its rostrum reaches the hind coxae and almost the abdomen. It is closely allied to S. chinensis Drake but has divergent hemelytra. It is also closely allied to S. bhutanensis Péricart but has also divergent hemelytra and a longer fourth antennal segment. This single specimen cannot justify the description of a new species and is therefore considered provisionally as S. outouana. This species is known by the type series from China (Fukien).
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
Trachypeplus chinensis Drake & Poor 1936
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Trachypeplus
Trachypeplus chinensis

description: Trachypeplus chinensis Drake & Poor 1936
Material examined: 1 ɗ, Laos, 710 m, Phou-kow-kuei, N of Vientiane, 17.IV.1965, J.L. Gressitt coll., Bishop.
Comments: This species is known from Hainan Island, Hong Kong, and Vietnam. This specimen differs from the other specimens of T. chinensis by being shorter, and having a smaller but distinct hood. Trachypeplus includes ten species, all restricted to the Oriental region, New Guinea, and the Philippines.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
Spontaneous Donor Defects and Voltage-Assisted Hole Doping in Beta-Gallium Oxides under Multiple Epitaxy Conditions
Creators: name: Nie, Chenxi
name: Liu, Kai
name: Ke, Chengxuan
name: Jiang, Xisong
name: He, Yifeng
name: Deng, Yonghong
name: Yan, Yanhua
name: Luo, Guangfu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beta-phase gallium oxide (beta-Ga2O3) is prone to the spontaneous formation of donor defects but poses a formidable challenge in achieving high-quality p-type doping, mainly due to its exceptionally low valence band maximum (VBM). In this study, we utilize first-principles computations to investigate the origin of spontaneous donor defects in beta-Ga2O3 grown by three typical techniques: molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). Our findings elucidate that the primary donor defects vary with the growth techniques, specifically Gai3+ for MBE, Hi+ and CGa+ for MOCVD, and (2VGa+Gai+2VO)+ and ClO+ for HVPE under unintentionally doped conditions. Employing a theoretically proposed voltage-assisted doping method, we computationally demonstrate that the dominant spontaneous donors can be significantly reduced accompanied by a noticeable increase in acceptors, leading to a stepwise reduction of Fermi level to 0.52, 0.88, and 2.10 eV above VBM for the MOCVD, HVPE, and MBE methods, and a hole concentration of 8.5*10^17, 8.7*10^11, and 2.7*10^-9 cm-3, respectively, at room temperature without the use of external dopants. By introducing Mg doping, we further reduce the Fermi level for both the MBE and HVPE experiments.
Manifold nº 14 (Japon nº 4) (p. 10)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 18-10-1930
ignabergensis Carlsson 1953
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Pycnolepas ignabergensis Carlsson, 1953
Original description. Carlsson (1953: 23, pl. 5, fig. 10; pl. 6, figs 1, 2).
Type. Holotype is SMNH Ar. 8742, a left scutum.
Locality and stratigraphy. Ignaberga, Skåne (southern Sweden); uppermost lower Campanian (c. 81–80 Ma), Belemnellocamax mammillatus Zone (see Christensen, 1975, 1997a, b).
Remarks. Of this species, only two scuta and a single tergum are known to date; ornament consists of numerous transverse and longitudinal ridges (comparable to some representatives of P. rigida; see e.g. Withers, 1935: pl. 47, fig. 5); comparatively narrow apicobasal ridge. Carina, rostrum, upper latus and imbricating plates unknown.
Occurrence. Known exclusively from the type locality; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Urentius hystricellus Richter 1869
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Urentius
Urentius hystricellus

description: Urentius hystricellus (Richter 1869)
Material examined: 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, Laos, Sedone prov., Pakse, 11.V.1965, P.D. Ashlock coll., Bishop. Comments: This species is already known from India, Sri Lanka, and Africa: Senegal, Egypt, Kenya, Sudan Republic, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Niger, and Nigeria.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
industriosa Jagt 2007
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Pycnolepas industriosa Jagt, 2007
Original description. Jagt (2007: in press).
Material. A single rostrum, NHMM 2003 015/1.
Locality and stratigraphy. Altembroeck (Voer, northeast Belgium); Gulpen Formation, Vijlen Member, Interval 4, lower upper Maastrichtian (c. 70 Ma, Belemnitella junior Zone) (Jagt et al., 1995; Jagt, 2007).
Remarks. The sole rostrum known is medium-sized, widely semi-conical, strongly convex transversely and subcarinate; ornament consists of longitudinal and transverse ridges, resembling that of P. landenica (see below) which also has a similar L/W ratio. No other capitular valves or imbricating plates known.
Occurrence. Known exclusively from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Pollicipes orientalis Kolosvary 1966
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes orientalis

description: Pycnolepas orientalis Kolosváry, 1966 (nomen dubium)
Original description. Kolosváry (1966: 130, text-fig. 2).
Type. Not indicated; current whereabouts of material unknown.
Locality and stratigraphy. Kuznataj (= River Kuzna-chaj, Azerbaijan); Upper Cretaceous (exact level not specified).
Remarks. The type lot (collected 1958; leg. V.G. Nikitin) of this form consists of isolated capitular valves; Kolosváry referred to these as scutum, carina, carinolaterale, tergum, rostrum and supralaterale. As noted by Collins (1980: 21), the ‘scutum’ in Kolosváry’s fig. 2a clearly is a tergum, while the ‘tergum’ of his fig. 2d is a scutum; that this was intentional can be seen from the description and reconstruction of the capitulum (Kolosváry, 1966: fig. 7). Kolosváry failed to explain why this form should have had three pairs of lateral valves, while the genus Pycnolepas has a single pair (see Withers, 1914, 1935). Alekseev (1979: 17) clarified the provenance of the material by noting that (translated), ‘In the same year, G. Koloshvary (Kolosvary, 1966) based on material from Caucasus, received from O.S. Vialov, briefly described the new species Pycnolepas orientalis (Azerbaijan, River Kuzna-chaj, Upper Cretaceous) and the new subspecies Zeugmatolepas mockleri armenicus (Armenia, Maastrichtian), without pictures giving only schematic drawings’. We consider it best to treat P. orientalis as a nomen dubium until the types are traced, or new material is collected, so as to allow a proper interpretation of this form.
Occurrence. Known only from the type area; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Trachypeplus yunnanus Jing 1980
Creators: name: Guilbert, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Trachypeplus
Trachypeplus yunnanus

description: Trachypeplus yunnanus Jing 1980
Material examined: 1 Ψ, Laos, Vientiane prov., Ban Van Eue, 30.XI.1965, native coll., Bishop. Comments: This species was described from Yunnan province (China). It is similar to T. chinensis Drake & Poor but differs from it by the longer body, the shorter cephalic spines, the longer rostrum, a portion of the RM boundary vein not being elevated, and the costal area which has some additional tiny areolae in a partial second inner row.
description: Published as part of Guilbert, Eric, 2007, Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Laos: new species and new records, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 1442 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176026
title: Lettre n°1024 de Paul d'Estournelles de Constant à Nicholas Murray Butler (13 février 1922)
title: Letter number 1024 from Paul d'Estournelles de Constant to Nicholas Murray Butler (February 13, 1922)
Creators: name: d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pacifisme
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918)

description: Source: Archives de la Sarthe – France
Heteragrion erythrogastrum Selys 1886
Creators: name: Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés
name: Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Heteragrion
Heteragrion erythrogastrum

description: Heteragrion erythrogastrum Selys, 1886
Remarks. This species inhabits slow moving lowland streams inside the forest (between 0 and 450m. a.s.l.), from Honduras to Ecuador, sharing its habitat with H. m. mitratum in some localities of the Central Cordillera in Colombia. New localities are recorded at Chocó and Antioquia departments (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés & Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo, 2017, The genus Heteragrion (Odonata: Zygoptera) in Northwestern Colombia, with the description of Heteragrion tatama sp. nov., pp. 553-571 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1048659
General annotations on Capital
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 10
description: Annotations, bibliography and tables on Capital writings from CIL X 772-773.
description: Source: 4MAR_2_1.3.4-1
description: created: n. d.
Bucculatrix Zeller 1839
Creators: name: Oh, Jae-In
name: Lee, Ji-Young
name: Kim, Sang-Yoon
name: Jeong, June-Hyeok
name: Song, Young-Gwang
name: Byun, Bong-Kyu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Bucculatricidae
Bucculatrix

description: Genus Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839
Type species: Lyonetia albedinella Zeller, 1839
description: Published as part of Oh, Jae-In, Lee, Ji-Young, Kim, Sang-Yoon, Jeong, June-Hyeok, Song, Young-Gwang & Byun, Bong-Kyu, 2024, Discovery of Bucculatrix koreana sp. nov. and newly recorded Bucculatrix duanwuia (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) in Korea, pp. 485-491 in Zootaxa 5538 (5) on page 487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/14240007
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1763 – Lannion
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: minerais et métaux
subject: produits chimiques et médicinaux
subject: produits manufacturés
subject: produits agroalimentaires
subject: fruits et légumes
subject: matériaux de construction
subject: produits exotiques et ultramarins
subject: alcool

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1763 avec le port "Lannion"
description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : fer ; chaux ; savon ; noix ; chaises ; goudron ; sucre
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : minerais et métaux ; produits chimiques et médicinaux ; produits manufacturés ; produits agroalimentaires ; fruits et légumes ; matériaux de construction ; produits exotiques et ultramarins
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : chanvre ; plomb ; bois de construction ; chaux ; eau de vie
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : minerais et métaux ; matériaux de construction ; produits chimiques et médicinaux ; produits agroalimentaires ; alcool ; produits manufacturés
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: CHEREL, Huguette. L'Activité du port de Saint-Malo en 1763. DES : Histoire : Rennes : 1967 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1052)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Pollicipes bruennichi Withers 1914
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes bruennichi

description: Pycnolepas bruennichi Withers, 1914
Original description. Withers (1914: 181, pl. 7, figs 5–9; pl. 8, fig. 6, as Pycnolepas brünnichi).
Type. Holotype is NHM I.16625, a right scutum.
Locality and stratigraphy. Fakse, Sjaelland (eastern Denmark); middle Danian (Tylocidaris bruennichi Zone; c. 63 Ma).
Remarks. Valves of this species are strongly ridged both transversely and longitudinally; scutum subtriangular, with broad wall-sided apicobasal ridge, occasionally broader than tergo-lateral portion, tergum with apical portion only slightly curved towards scutum and a similar, yet much narrower, near-straight apicobasal ridge. Height of imbricating plates exceeding width. On tergum, longitudinal ridges subdued by prominent growth lines. Thousands of isolated, yet associated, valves are known from the middle Danian of Fakse, and allow the species to be reconstructed; however, upper latera invariably are rare. Postulated to have been attached either to certain scleractinian corals and/or logs (Donovan & Jakobsen, 2004), substrates now dissolved.
Withers (1914) proposed Pycnolepas bruennichi as a replacement name for Pollicipes elegans Darwin, 1851 (76, pl. 4, fig. 9a–d), non Lesson (1830: 441), and later (Withers, 1935) showed P. bruennichi to be confined to strata of early Paleocene (Danian) age. Drygant (1966: 116, fig. 8a, b) recorded a single carina from upper Maastrichtian levels at Briukhovichi, Volhynia-Podolia (now western Ukraine) which he assigned to Pycnolepas elegans (Darwin). This, however, clearly represents a typical carina of the calanticine Scillaelepas darwiniana (Bosquet, 1854), as already noted by Alekseev (1979).
Occurrence. Lower and middle Danian of Denmark (Withers, 1914, 1935; Jakobsen, 2003; Donovan & Jakobsen, 2004; Jakobsen & Feldmann, 2004), southern Sweden (Limhamn area), northeast Belgium and the southeast Netherlands (Jagt & Collins, 1988; Jagt, 1996) and the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine (Alekseev, 1979).
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Le charme I (Les fables Pierre Aufors)
Creators: name: Anonyme
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Texte en français médiéval. Date de composition : 13e-14e s., domaine : littérature, genre : Fabliau, forme : vers
description: Bibliographic citation: Le charme I (Les fables Pierre Aufors), édité par Baptiste Laïd en collaboration avec Corinne Pierreville. Publié en ligne par l’ENS de Lyon dans la Base de français médiéval, 2023, http://catalog.bfm-corpus.org/fabliaux/Charme1_BnF-12581.
Heteragrion mitratum subsp. mitratum mitratum Williamson 1919
Creators: name: Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés
name: Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Heteragrion
Heteragrion mitratum
Heteragrion mitratum mitratum williamson, 1919

description: Heteragrion mitratum mitratum Williamson, 1919
Material Examined. COLOMBIA, Department of Antioquia, Maceo Municipality, 6.54411°N 74.64022°W 490m a.s.l.., 3♂♂, 22 January 2001, Leg: S. Pérez and A. Vélez. Same data but: Puerto Berrio, Estación La Cristalina, Hacienda La Guajira, 6.37009°N 74.57529°W 300m a.s.l. 2♂♂ and 1♀, 4–6 September 2008, Leg: C. Bota. 1♂, San Roque Municipality, San Jose del Nus Township, 6.48750°N 74.83428°W 800m a.s.l., 7 February 2009, Leg: C. Bota. 1♂ and 1♀, El Topacio Township, 6.46947°N 74.90199°W 950m a.s.l., 23 July 2013, Leg: J. Cogollo and Yenny Correa. 1♂, Nariño Municipality, Puente Linda Township, 5.58411°N 75.12861°W 750m a.s.l., 26 July 2009, Leg: C. Bota. 4♂♂ and 1 ♀, Remedios Municipality, La Cruz Township, 6.90888°N 74.56722°W 523m a.s.l., 23 December 2009, Leg: L. Campuzano and C. Bota. 4♂♂, San Luis Municipality, La Garrucha Township, 6.00407°N 74.93902°W 397m a.s.l., 22–26 August 2011, Leg. C. Bota. 3♂♂ and 1♀, San Carlos Municipality, Samana Township, 6.15000°N 74.80000°W 600m a.s.l., 27 March 2012. Leg. C. Flórez and C. Bota. 4♂♂, El Carmen de Viboral Municipality, El Porvenir Township, 5.89698°N 75.17958°W 950m a.s.l., 29 November 2016, Leg: C. Bota. 1♀, Caldas Department, Victoria Municipality, 5.446774°N 74.91890°W 610m a.s.l., 22 February 2010, Leg: C. Bota. VENEZUELA, 1♂, Táchira State, San Felix, 350m a.s.l., 12 April 1996, Leg: Jürg DeMarmels.
Remarks. This subspecies is recorded from Colombia and Venezuela. It inhabits lowland streams with waterfalls inside forest (between 0 and 450m. a.s.l.) along the Magdalena River Valley and extends northwest to the foothills of the Cordillera de Merida in Táchira and Trujillo States (De Marmels 2008). We found some variation on abdominal coloration with dorsum of S9 brown to black (Fig. 7b). It is sympatric with H. aequatoriale and H. erythrogastrum in different localities (see information above in the biology section of these species). New localities are recorded at Antioquia and Caldas Departments (Fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés & Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo, 2017, The genus Heteragrion (Odonata: Zygoptera) in Northwestern Colombia, with the description of Heteragrion tatama sp. nov., pp. 553-571 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on pages 564-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1048659
Pollicipes landenica Withers 1953
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes landenica

description: Pycnolepas landenica Withers, 1953
Original description. Withers (1953: 348, pl. 60, figs 1–6).
Type. IRScNB unregistered, a right scutum.
Locality and stratigraphy. Wansin, northeast of Namur, southern Belgium; base of ‘Landenian’ sands (= now Hannut Formation, of early-middle Thanetian [late Paleocene] age, c. 55–53 Ma); see Laga et al., 2002; De Geyter et al., 2006).
Remarks. Va l v e s o f P. landenica have few and comparatively widely spaced transverse and longitudinal ridges; carina narrowly semiconical; rostrum widely semiconical; scutum with apical part very slightly attenuated and incurved, and longitudinal ridges extending straight down from apex; tergum with apico-basal ridge curved, inner occludent and carinal edges narrowly raised. Upper latus and imbricating plates unknown.
Occurrence. Known only from the type locality; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
title: Youth Unemployment in the Arab World
Creators: name: Sayyid, Mustapha K. : Al- ‎
Publisher: name: Global Campus
Year: 2018
Subjects: unemployment
Arab countries

description: There is no doubt that the youth unemployment crisis in the Arab world is the most serious of all the world’s regions in terms of its magnitude, trends, and social and political implications. In fact, Arab governments have made considerable efforts to tackle this challenge, yet it has been aggravated by political instability in several Arab countries that led to significant repercussions on other countries of the region. Both Iraq and Syria have dealt with decisive blows to terrorist organizations, but a situation of civil war still prevails in countries such as Yemen and Libya, and foreign occupation casts a shadow on the economic situation in Palestinian territories. The paper starts by examining major trends of youth unemployment in Arab countries during the last two decades, offers an interpretation of this situation, surveys efforts by Arab governments to deal with this challenge and ends with some policy recommendations drawn from experience of other countries as well as advice offered in reports of concerned international organizations.
Heteragrion peregrinum Williamson 1919
Creators: name: Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés
name: Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Heteragrion
Heteragrion peregrinum

description: Heteragrion peregrinum Williamson, 1919
This species, together with Palaemnema edmondi Calvert, 1931, are the only ones found in the Magdalena Valley by the Williamsons in 1917, which have not been seen again since their expedition. The Williamsons collected 50 specimens of H. peregrinum in just one week, which shows this species used to be a common inhabitant of the Magdalena Valley streams (type locality Fig. 1). The fact that it has not even been registered any more, makes H. peregrinum a species of special interest, which was recently assessed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN red list (Bota-Sierra et al. 2016). Here we present the first pictures of this species, from paratypes deposited at RWG (Figs 3l, 4n–o, 8b–c).
description: Published as part of Bota-Sierra, Cornelio Andrés & Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo, 2017, The genus Heteragrion (Odonata: Zygoptera) in Northwestern Colombia, with the description of Heteragrion tatama sp. nov., pp. 553-571 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1048659
Pollicipes paronai De Alessandri 1895
Creators: name: Jagt, John W. M.
name: Zonova, Tatiana D.
name: Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pedunculata
Pollicipedidae
Pollicipes
Pollicipes paronai

description: Pycnolepas paronai (De Alessandri, 1895)
Original description. De Alessandri (1895: 266, pl. 3, fig. 8a–f, as Pollicipes paronai).
Type. Lectotype, designated by Withers (1914:185), is an unregistered scutum, illustrated by De Alessandri (1895: pl. 3, fig. 8a, b), contained in the Luigi Di Rovasenda Collection (now at the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino).
Locality and stratigraphy. Chieri, southeast of Torino, northern Italy; lower Miocene (Aquitanian, c. 23–22 Ma)
Remarks. All valves of P. paronai have numerous, close-set transverse and longitudinal ridges; carina narrowly semiconical; scutum with apical part attenuated, much incurved, and longitudinal ridges fine, wavy and radiating from apicobasal ridge; inner occludent edge very wide, extending more than halfway across valve; tergum with apicobasal ridge straight; inner occludent and tergal edges widely raised. Upper latus and imbricating plates unknown.
Occurrence. Withers (1953) recorded material from the lower and middle Miocene (in his terminology: Aquitanian and Helvetian, respectively) of the environs of Torino (Chieri, Baldisero and Sciolze [St. Antonio], northern Italy), which would now be equivalent to the lower Miocene (Aquitanian and Burdigalian; see Kroh, 2005: table 1).
Occurrence. Known only from the type locality; no subsequent records.
description: Published as part of Jagt, John W. M., Zonova, Tatiana D. & Jagt-Yazykova, Elena A., 2007, A review of the brachylepadomorph cirripede genus Pycnolepas, including the first record of an Early Cretaceous species from the Russian Far East *, pp. 33-47 in Zootaxa 1545 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177977
Emphanes tenellus
Creators: name: Kesdek, Memiş
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Emphanes
Emphanes tenellus

description: Emphanes tenellus (Erichson, 1837)
Material examined: Erzurum: 2 exs., 27.VII.2005, Atatürk University field, 1850 m, leg. Kesdek; 1 ex., 16.VII.2003, Dadaşköy, 1850 m, leg. Kesdek.
Distribution in Turkey: Anatolia (No locality) (Casale & Taglianti 1999).
Distribution in the World: Central Asia, Central and South Europe, Caucasia and Russia (Guéorguiev & Guéorguiev 1995; Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995).
description: Published as part of Kesdek, Memiş, 2012, A Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Carabidae (Coleoptera) Fauna Of Turkey, pp. 55-62 in Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 12 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10979665
Detecting Evidential Value and P-Hacking With the P-curve tool: A Word of Caution
Creators: name: Erdfelder, Edgar
name: Heck, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: ZPID (Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150

description: Simonsohn, Nelson, and Simmons (2014a) proposed p-curve – the distribution of statistically significant p-values for a set of studies – as a tool to assess the evidential value of these studies. They argued that, whereas right-skewed p-curves indicate true underlying effects, left-skewed p-curves indicate selective reporting of significant results from a much larger set of tests conducted on the same data when there is no true effect (“p-hacking”). We first review research that criticized the first claim by showing that null effects may indeed produce right-skewed p-curves under some conditions. We then question the second claim by showing that not only selective reporting but also selective non-reporting of significant results (e.g., of an ANCOVA for randomized 2-groups designs) due to a significant outcome of a more popular alternative test of the same hypothesis (e.g., a two-group t-test) may produce left-skewed p-curves, even if all studies included in a p-curve reflect true effects. Thus, although it is true that left-skewed p-curves indicate selection bias, it is possible that the bias is due to studies excluded from the p-curve rather than to those included in it. Hence, just as right-skewed p-curves do not necessarily imply evidential value, left-skewed p-curves do not necessarily imply p-hacking and absence of true effects in the studies involved.