Anastatus Motschulsky 1859
Creators: name: Peng, Lingfei
name: Gibson, Gary A. P.
name: Tang, Lu
name: Xiang, Jiawei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eupelmidae
Anastatus

description: Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859
Diagnosis. FEMALE. Mandibles bidentate, with truncate dorsoapical margin and small, acute, ventroapical tooth (Fig. 10B, insert]. Mesotibia anteroapically with mesotibial groove (Fig. 3J: mgr) between mesotibial apical pegs (Fig. 3J: map) and part of tibia above tarsus. Propodeum (e.g., Fig. 10A, insert) with anterior margin V-like incised medially for reception of dorsellum and foramen broadly, ∩-like incurved almost to apex of V-like incision so as to differentiate more or less bowtie-like medial region formed by inclined surface of plical region on either side of very short medial region. Fore wing discal region infuscate with either hyaline cross-band (e.g., Fig. 1D) or anterior and posterior hyaline spots (e.g., Fig. 6H) with white setae behind marginal vein. Gaster with subbasal white band in dorsal and lateral views (e.g., Figs 3A, B), and syntergum apically reflexed into paler syntergal flange.
MALE. Mandible bidentate (Figs. 17F, 21C) similar to female (Fig. 10B, insert). Head with toruli inserted near lower margin of eyes, not distinctly closer to each other than to oral margin or to inner orbits, gena with subequally short setae, and maxillary palpus not conspicuously long (e.g., Fig. 5E). Antenna with short, subglobular pedicel lacking line of apically curved setae (Fig. 5D: pdl); flagellum of regional species robust-filiform (e.g., Figs 2E, 5D) with first flagellomere so strongly reduced that at most seven funiculars clearly visible, the funiculars and clava variably long (cf. Figs 2E, 5D: clv), but all flagellomeres microsetose with multiple rows of multiporous plate sensilla (Fig. 5D: mps). Metapleuron bare. Fore wing hyaline, without or with variably large speculum (cf. Figs 5H, 17I: spc).
Remarks. The extensive generic synonymy of Anastatus was reviewed by Gibson (2020), who listed 16 junior synonyms. The key to genera based on females by Gibson (1995) can be used to differentiate females from those of other genera of Eulpelminae. Because of similar fore wing colour patterns, macropterous females of Chinese species of Anastatus could be mistaken for females of two other eupelmine genera, Zaischnopsis Ashmead, 1904 or some Mesocomys Cameron, 1905. However, Zaischnopsis females have tridentate mandibles, the gaster lacks a subbasal white region, and propodeal structure is different (Peng et al. 2018). Females of some Mesocomys species are superficially more similar to Anastatus females because they have similar bidentate mandibles, a subbasally white gaster, and similar fore wing colour patterns, but in addition to having a different propodeal structure are differentiated by the mesotibia lacking both an apical groove and apical pegs, among several other features detailed by Gibson (1995).
Males can also be identified to genus using the key to genera based on males in Gibson (1995), who keyed out males of Anastatus in eight different places, which reflects their morphological diversity, particularly in flagellar structure. Males of most species from China will key through couplet eight in the key of Gibson (1995) only with difficulty because the fore wing often has a large, quadrangular speculum between the parastigma and mediocubital fold (e.g., Figs 5H, 9I, 24I: spc), which is otherwise characteristic of males of Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 and Xenanastatus Bouček, 1988. However, males of these latter two genera have different flagellar structures than described for regional males of Anastatus, and males of the much more common of the two genera, Eupelmus, often have one seta on the gena that is much longer than the others and a more elongate-triangular pedicel with a line of apically curved setae ventrally (see figures in Gibson 2011; Gibson and Fusu 2016).
description: Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Gibson, Gary A. P., Tang, Lu & Xiang, Jiawei, 2020, Review of the species of Anastatus (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) known from China, with description of two new species with brachypterous females, pp. 351-401 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 354-355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3772901