cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The targum (1952:Jan. 8)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1952

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Simulating Exceptional Non-Hermitian Metals with Single-Photon Interferometry
Creators: name: Wang, Kunkun
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Budich, Jan Carl
name: Yi, Wei
name: Xue, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally simulate in a photonic setting non-Hermitian (NH) metals characterized by the topological properties of their nodal band structures. Implementing nonunitary time evolution in reciprocal space followed by interferometric measurements, we probe the complex eigenenergies of the corresponding NH Bloch Hamiltonians, and study in detail the topology of their exceptional lines (ELs), the NH counterpart of nodal lines in Hermitian systems. We focus on two distinct types of NH metals: two-dimensional systems with symmetry-protected ELs, and three-dimensional systems possessing symmetry-independent topological ELs in the form of knots. While both types feature open Fermi surfaces, we experimentally observe their distinctions by analyzing the impact of symmetry-breaking perturbations on the topology of ELs.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES: HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENT COORDINATE FARM REGULATIONS AND POLICY?
Creators: name: Johnson, Larry A.
name: Johnson, Larry A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental regulation
subject: Government policy
subject: Regulation
subject: Sustainability
subject: Ecosystem management

description: Agricultural sustainability is an evolving process ever-seeking a balance between society's economic, environmental and social demands. Governmental policy and regulations while attempting to correct adverse externalities, have at times within themselves created adverse externalities. Failures often lie within the policies themselves, but poor coordination among government agencies is also at fault. This paper outlines a number of coordination issues and attempts to show how the empowerment of communities through ecosystem management is a partial solution to environmental degradation.
RELEVANCE OF POLICY ANALYSIS: NEEDS FOR DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND PACKAGING
Creators: name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Implementation
subject: Institutions
subject: Policy research
subject: Political economy

description: This article challenges the traditional model of the economist as a humble technocrat who simply provides analysis given the preferences of policy decision-makers. Since decision-makers rarely reveal their preferences, it is important that the would-be policy research/analyst know the political economy and be willing to identify potential performance goals for society. Researchers who are willing to incur the transaction cost associated with becoming involved in useful policy research must learn to work within the imperfect policy process. Policy research that considers the importance of implementation and that acknowledges the institutions and the history will have the highest chance of being useful to policy-makers.
Attractor metafeatures discover molecular signatures for odor-perception prediction
Creators: name: Matteson, Andrew
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Chemoinformatics predictors are generally more numerous than the number of samples in a target variable. The key challenge in working with these imbalanced data sets is avoiding over fitting. My approach sought to preserve as much information about the target variable while reducing the dimensionality of the data. My methods focused on the use of mutual information to either select features, or project all the features onto a space that was a good predictor of the target variables. For selection, my methods are connected to the technique of maximum-relevance-minimum-redundancy (MRMR) feature selection.

I engineered "metapredictors" from the chemoinformatics predictors using the “Attractor Metagene” algorithm. The algorithm engineers features in an unsupervised way by weighted averaging over the original features. Weights are chosen as a function of the mutual information between the engineered feature, and the original features.

Several of the metapredictors map onto known chemical structures associated with particular smells. Other metapredictors correspond to chemical structures not yet identified as corresponding to odors. These metapredictors enable connections to be made between molecular structure and perception that are directly interpretable.

The learning methods I developed fall into an enrich-project-predict framework. I discuss opportunities to extend these methods to other chemoinformatics and bioinformatics machine learning problems.
Chiral Algebras of (0,2) Sigma Models: Beyond Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Tan, Meng-Chwan
name: Yagi, Junya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore the nonperturbative aspects of the chiral algebras of N = (0,2) sigma models, which perturbatively are intimately related to the theory of chiral differential operators (CDOs). The grading by charge and scaling dimension is anomalous if the first Chern class of the target space is nonzero. This has some nontrivial consequences for the chiral algebra. As an example, we study the case where the target space is CP^1, and show that worldsheet instantons trivialize the chiral algebra entirely. Consequently, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in this model. We then turn to a closer look at the supersymmetry breaking from the viewpoint of Morse theory on loop space. We find that instantons interpolate between pairs of perturbative supersymmetric states with different fermionic numbers, hence lifting them out of the supersymmetric spectrum. Our results reveal that a "quantum" deformation of the geometry of the target space leads to a trivialization of the kernels of certain twisted Dirac operators on CP^1.
description: 38 pages. Minor changes to Section 2.3 and corrections to Section 4.2. Final results unchanged. Typos corrected
THE ADOPTION OF IPM TECHNIQUES BY VEGETABLE GROWERS IN FLORIDA, MICHIGAN AND TEXAS
Creators: name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Beach, E. Douglas
name: Huang, Wen-Yuan
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Beach, E. Douglas
name: Huang, Wen-Yuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Diffusion of innovations
subject: Integrated pest management
subject: Vegetables
subject: Technology adoption

description: Factors influencing the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques are studied using survey data from individual vegetable producers from Florida, Michigan, and Texas. Farmers who adopt IPM tend to be less risk averse and use more managerial time on farm activities than nonadopters. Adopters are also more likely to operate large, irrigated farms and use more family labor. Locational factors and the type of crop grown are also influential in IPM adoption. The analysis uses a logit framework and introduces adopter categories first conceptualized by rural sociologists.
Twirling and Hamiltonian engineering via dynamical decoupling for Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill quantum computing
Creators: name: Conrad, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum cavities
subject: Quantum control
subject: Quantum error correction
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: I introduce an energy constrained approximate twirling operation that can be used to diagonalize effective logical channels in Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) quantum error correction, project states into the GKP code space and construct a dynamical decoupling sequence with fast displacements pulses to distill the GKP stabilizer Hamiltonians from a suitable substrate Hamiltonian. The latter is given by an LC oscillator comprising a superinductance in parallel to a Josephson Junction. This platform, in principle, allows for protected GKP quantum computing without explicit stabilizer measurements or state reset by dynamically generating a “passively” stabilized GKP qubit.
OPTIMAL MARKETING DECISIONS FOR FEEDER CATTLE UNDER PRICE AND PRODUCTION RISK
Creators: name: Wang, Xuecai
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: McKissick, John C.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Wang, Xuecai
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: McKissick, John C.
name: Turner, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: cattle
subject: decision science
subject: estimation risk
subject: marketing

description: In many parts of the U.S., beef cattle production is a large sector of the agricultural economy, yet few of the cattle are stockered; instead the production is focused on cow-calf operations only. Restricting their operation to only the first phase of beef production may be limiting the cattle owners' profit potential. This paper examines the opportunities for operators to earn additional profit from stockering cattle. Using a representative risk-averse producer, a decision set with seven possible marketing strategies is elevated for the optimal decision in a Bayesian framework which allows for price and production risk. We find that in many instances retaining the cattle for stockering is a superior decision when done in conjunction with specific hedging strategies utilizing options and futures contracts.
RKI-Ratgeber Haemophilus influenzae, invasive Infektion
Creators: name: Koch-Institut, Robert
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Haemophilus influenzae
subject: Ratgeber
subject: Infektionsschutz
subject: Meningitis
subject: Standardimpfung
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) ist ein unbewegliches, gramnegatives, kokkoides Stäbchenbakterium (bekapselt oder unbekapselt), welches nur beim Menschen vorkommt und bei einem geringen Prozentsatz den Nasen-Rachen-Raum besiedelt, ohne dabei Symptome zu verursachen. Eine Impfung gegen Hi-Bakterien mit dem Kapseltyp b (Hib) wird in Deutschland seit 1990 als Standardimpfung im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter empfohlen. In Deutschland gehören invasive Hi-Erkrankungen zu den eher seltenen meldepflichtigen Erkrankungen, auch wenn ihre Zahl seit 2007 kontinuierlich angestiegen ist. Der im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 10/2021 veröffentlichte RKI-Ratgeber „Haemophilus influenzae, invasive Infektion“ fasst wichtige Punkte wie Infektionsweg, klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Therapie, Infektionsschutz und Hygienemaßnahmen zusammen.
Uni-directional polymerization leading to homochirality in the RNA world
Creators: name: Nilsson, M.
name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Andersen, A. C.
name: Hoefner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The differences between uni-directional and bi-directional polymerization are considered. The uni-directional case is discussed in the framework of the RNA world. Similar to earlier models of this type, where polymerization was assumed to proceed in a bi-directional fashion (presumed to be relevant to peptide nucleic acids), left-handed and right-handed monomers are produced via an autocatalysis from an achiral substrate. The details of the bifurcation from a racemic solution to a homochiral state of either handedness is shown to be remarkably independent of whether the polymerization in uni-directional or bi-directional. Slightly larger differences are seen when dissociation is allowed and the dissociation fragments are being recycled into the achiral substrate.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Astrobiology
Observations on the Constitution and Characterization of Paving Asphalts
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Daniels, W. F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This paper contains results of analyses with asphalts of various composition and derivation. The objective of the study is to define and correlate constitution and fundamental character of asphalts in a manner significant to their use in highway pavements.  Further confirmation of the existence of three discrete solubility fractions in asphalts was obtained by extraction methods and by paper partition chromatography. Paraffin bodies were revealed by microscopic examination of thin films. Asphaltene fractions showed the presence of particulate material by electron microscopy and also revealed indications of peptized asphaltene bodies. Oils dialyzed from asphalt exhibited u.v. fluorescence similar to components of the oil fractions obtained by extraction. Oven tests revealed increases in asphaltenes and resin fractions and attendant hardening of the asphalt.  It is suggested that proper interpretation of asphalt composition is contingent upon adequate means for measuring the fundamental shearing characteristics and other rheological properties of the composite asphalt.
Enhanced thermal stability and spin-lattice relaxation rate of N@C60 inside carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Toth, S.
name: Quintavalle, D.
name: Nafradi, B.
name: Korecz, L.
name: Forro, L.
name: Simon, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the temperature stability of the endohedral fullerene molecule, N@C60, inside single-wall carbon nanotubes using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We found that the nitrogen escapes at higher temperatures in the encapsulated material as compared to its pristine, crystalline form. The temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation time, T_1, of the encapsulated molecule is significantly shorter than that of the crystalline material, which is explained by the interaction of the nitrogen spin with the conduction electrons of the nanotubes.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Landau-Zener tunneling in the presence of weak intermolecular interactions in a crystal of Mn4 single-molecule magnets
Creators: name: Wernsdorfer, W.
name: Bhaduri, S.
name: Vinslava, A.
name: Christou, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Mn4 single-molecule magnet (SMM), with a well isolated spin ground state of S = 9/2, is used as a model system to study Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling in the presence of weak intermolecular dipolar and exchange interactions. The anisotropy constants D and B are measured with minor hysteresis loops. A transverse field is used to tune the tunnel splitting over a large range. Using the LZ and inverse LZ method, it is shown that these interactions play an important role in the tunnel rates. Three regions are identified: (i) at small transverse fields, tunneling is dominated by single tunnel transitions; (ii) at intermediate transverse fields, the measured tunnel rates are governed by reshuffling of internal fields, (iii) at larger transverse fields, the magnetization reversal starts to be influenced by the direct relaxation process, and many-body tunnel events may occur. The hole digging method is used to study the next-nearest neighbor interactions. At small external fields, it is shown that magnetic ordering occurs which does not quench tunneling. An applied transverse field can increase the ordering rate. Spin-spin cross-relaxations, mediated by dipolar and weak exchange interactions, are proposed to explain additional quantum steps.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures
Loop effective model for Schwarzschild black hole interior: a modified $\bar μ$ dynamics
Creators: name: Assanioussi, Mehdi
name: Mickel, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we introduce a new effective model for the Kantowski-Sachs spacetime in the context of loop quantum gravity, and we use it to evaluate departures from general relativity in the case of Schwarzschild black hole interior. The model is based on an effective Hamiltonian constructed via the regularized Thiemann identities in the $\bar μ$-scheme. We show that, in contrast with the $μ_o$-scheme studied in [1], the classical limit imposes certain alterations of Thiemann identities as well as restrictions on the choice of regulators. Once we define the Hamiltonian, we derive the equations of motion for the relevant variables and proceed with the solving using numerical methods, focusing on a specific choice of $\bar μ$. We establish that for a Schwarzschild black hole interior, the effective dynamics leads to a resolution of the classical singularity and the emergence of an anti-trapped region bounded by a second Killing horizon. We then perform a comparison of the dynamical trajectories and their properties obtained in the new model and some models present in the literature. We finally conclude with few comments on other choices of the regulators and their consequences.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures; v2: journal version, calculations in sec. III A extended to a more general form of $\bar \mu$, minor comments and references added
Triaxial Acceleration Analysis Applied to the Evaluation of Pavement Riding Qualities
Creators: name: Gregg, L. E.
name: Foy, William S.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Traditionally the riding qualities of a pavement are expressed as some function of localized irregularities in the contour of the pavement surface. This is predicated on the fact that the portion of passenger comfort or discomfort imparted by all features of the pavement surface can not be isolated and determined separately from other influences such as vehicle characteristics or psychological and physiological aspects of the passenger himself.  Measurements of riding qualities have dealt almost exclusively with vehicle displacements in the vertical direction only, these having been and still being the most prominent and most amenable to measurement. By this procedure displacements in other directions have been ignored, although their relative influence on riding comfort as determined by comfort research is known to be great.  During the past few years certain features of highway construction and use have emphasized surface irregularities that cause significant amounts of combined transverse and longitudinal motion. In response to this developing need for determination of riding qualities on the basis of component motions, an instrument for measuring and recording induced accelerations in the three principal directions was developed and adapted to a passenger vehicle. This paper describes the equipment and its use in evaluating riding qualities of various pavements in Kentucky.
ENSO AND SOYBEAN PRICES: CORRELATION WITHOUT CAUSALITY
Creators: name: Letson, David
name: McCullough, B.D.
name: Letson, David
name: McCullough, B.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate forecasting
subject: Granger causality
subject: spectral analysis
subject: SOI
subject: SST

description: In this paper we seek to characterize the robustness of the ENSO/soybean price relationship and to determine whether it has practical economic content. If such a meaningful relationship exists, the implications could be profound for commodity traders and for public sector investments in climate forecasting capabilities. Also, the validity of economic evaluations of climate impacts and climate forecasts based on ENSO-price independence would come into question. Our findings suggest a relationship between interannual climate and soybean prices, although we are not able to attribute the relationship to ENSO or to say the ENSO is economically important.
Generalized Dirac-Pauli equation and spin light of neutrino in magnetized matter
Creators: name: Grigoriev, Alexander
name: Studenikin, Alexander
name: Ternov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider propagation of a massive neutrino in matter within the quantum approach based on the two equations for the neutrino field: the first one is the Dirac-Pauli equation for a massive neutrino in an external magnetic field generalized on the inclusion of effects of the background matter; the second one is the modified Dirac equation derived directly from the neutrino-matter interaction Lagrangian. On the basis of these two equations the quantum theory of a neutrino moving in the background matter is developed (the exact solutions of these equations are found and classified over the neutrino spin states, the corresponding energy spectra are also derived). Using these solutions we study within the quantum approach the spin light of neutrino ($SLν$) in matter with the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field being also incorporated. In particular, the $SLν$ radiation rate and total power are derived. The use of the generalized Dirac-Pauli equation also enables us to consider the $SLν$ in matter polarized under the influence of strong magnetic field.
description: in: "Particle Physics in Laboratory, Space and Universe", ed. by Alexander Studenikin, World Scintific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2005, pp 55-64 (Proceedings of the 11th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics)
WILLINGNESS TO PLANT IDENTITY PRESERVED CROPS: THE CASE OF MISSISSIPPI SOYBEANS
Creators: name: Hudson, Darren
name: Jones, Tom
name: Hudson, Darren
name: Jones, Tom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: identity preservation
subject: soybeans
subject: contingent valuation
subject: experimentation
subject: logit
subject: probit

description: The willingness to plant identity preserved (IP) crops was examined using Mississippi soybean producers as an example. A contingent valuation framework was used to assess the impacts of offered premiums on a producer's probability of planting IP soybeans. Findings suggest that offered premiums significantly affect planting decisions. In addition, desire to learn more about IP production was found to increase the probability of planting, suggesting that desire to learn leads to experimentation. Finally, prior knowledge or experience planting IP crops significantly decreased the probability of planting.
Deliverable D2.2: Predictions of quantum pumping parameters
Creators: name: Nikolic, Danilo
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Motivated by the experiments on quantum tunneling in NIS junctions (where N denotes a normal metal proximitized by a superconductor) performed by ESR 4 Bayan Karimi and professor Jukka Pekola from ALLTO University, we were supposed to provide an appropriate theoretical model that explains the novel behavior of the low-bias conductance. Namely, it turns out that the height of the zero-bias peak in conductance scales linearly with the temperature which makes the system suitable for measuring low temperatures. Our work consists of two parts The description of the proximitized normal metal N in the framework of the quasiclassical Green’s function formalism in the diffusive limit (the Usadel approach). The analysis of the single-electron tunneling in a NIS system, where we employ the so-called P(E) theory.
Flatness and Monge parameterization of two-input systems, control-affine with 4 states or general with 3 states
Creators: name: Avanessoff, David
name: Pomet, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies Monge parameterization, or differential flatness, of control-affine systems with four states and twocontrols. Some of them are known to be flat, and this implies admitting a Monge parameterization. Focusing on systems outside this class, we describe the only possible structure of such a parameterization for these systems, and give a lower bound on the order of this parameterization, if it exists. This lower-bound is good enough to recover the known results about "(x,u)-flatness" of these systems, with much more elementary techniques.
FOOD AID AND CHILD NUTRITION IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food aid
subject: Child nutrition
subject: Ethiopia

description: This paper uses a unique panel data set from Ethiopia to examine the determinants of participation in and receipts of food aid through free distribution (FD) and food-for-work (FFW). Results show that aggregate rainfall and livestock shocks increase household participation in both FD and FFW. FFW also seems well-targeted to asset-poor households. The probability of receiving FD does not appear to be targeted based on household wealth, but FD receipts are lower for wealthier households. The effects of FD and FFW on child nutritional status differ depending on the modality of food aid and the gender of the child. Both FFW and FD have a positive direct impact on weight-for-height. Households invest proceeds from FD in girls’ nutrition, while earnings from FFW are manifested in better nutrition for boys. The effects of the gender of the aid recipient are not conclusive.
HOW EFFECTIVELY DO PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM TRANSFER BENEFITS TO THE POOR? EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Adato, Michelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Public Economics

description: This paper uses project and household data to examine the ability of 100 or so public works projects in Western Cape Province, South Africa, to target benefits—both direct and indirect—to those living below the poverty line. We find that public works projects generally outperform hypothetical untargeted cash transfers in this regard under a wide range of assumptions about underlying parameters.
The treatment of wood leachate using constructed wetlands
Creators: name: Frankowski, Kevin Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rainfall percolating through wood chip piles, hog fuel, and log storage areas will leach naturally-occurring chemicals from the wood. This leachate is often characterised by high carbon content, strong colour, and high concentrations of tannin and lignin, resin acids and phenolics. This can be very toxic to aquatic life, and has serious implications from an environmental discharge viewpoint. It can lead to regulatory problems for facilities operators. Research was conducted in a series of phases at a cedar processing site near Mission, British Columbia. It was determined that cedar leachate was amenable to biological treatment. Chemical and ecotoxicological characterization was performed, and combined with the data obtained from treatment screening trials, laboratory-scale constructed wetlands were designed and tested. These constructed wetlands were able to achieve a 90% reduction in toxicity and removal rates of >90% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 80% for chemical oxygen demand (COD). A pilot-scale program demonstrated that constructed wetlands were able to treat the cedar leachate under field conditions. Initial data obtained during winter operations produced removal rates for toxicity on the order of 50%. BOD and COD removal was slightly less. The system still needs to undergo optimization, but preliminary results indicate several factors which may yield significant improvements in system performance. Thus, it has been demonstrated that a wetland-based biological treatment process is potentially a practical and cost-effective treatment technique for wood leachate. Unit treatment costs are much lower than other technologies; effective physio-chemical treatment techniques are 10 - 30 times more expensive, conventional biological treatments at least 6 times. Also, many of the conventional biological systems have failed to demonstrate effective treatment performance for this type of wastewater. In addition to its cost-effective performance, this constructed wetlands system operates in a passive manner. It requires minimal operational attention and infrastructure. No chemical addition or by-products handling is needed. Possible applications include the collection and treatment of wood leachate from chip piles, wood waste landfills, and hog fuel piles, and the treatment of wood extractives in stormwater runoff from log yards, dryland sorts and staging areas. This system is ideally suited for those applications which require effective, economic treatment of fluctuating runoff loads containing a broad, and often changing, spectrum of contaminants.
THE FOOD FOR EDUCATION PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH: AN EVALUATION OF ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND FOOD SECURITY
Creators: name: Ahmed, Akhter U.
name: Del Ninno, Carlo
name: Ahmed, Akhter U.
name: Del Ninno, Carlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: The Government of Bangladesh launched the innovative Food for Education (FFE) program in 1993. The FFE program provides a free monthly ration of rice or wheat to poor families if their children attend primary school. The goals of this program are to increase primary school enrollment, promote attendance, reduce dropout rates, and enhance the quality of education. This paper presents the findings of a recent International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) evaluation of the FFE program that demonstrates the extent to which these goals were met. This evaluation uses primary data collected from multiple surveys covering schools, households, communities, and foodgrain dealers. The authors first examine the performance of the FFE program, showing that it has largely fulfilled its objectives of increasing school enrollment, promoting school attendance, and preventing dropouts. The enrollment increase was greater for girls than for boys. The quality of education, however, remains a problem. Next, they analyze the targeting effectiveness of the program, its impact on food security, and its efficiency in distributing rations. In general, the FFE program targets low-income households. However, there is considerable scope for improving targeting, as a sizable number of poor households remain excluded from the program even while many nonpoor households are included. Furthermore, the evaluation results indicate that the functioning of the current private-dealer-based foodgrain distribution system of the FFE program is not satisfactory.
A Field and Laboratory Examination of Weathering Effects on Petroleum and Blended Petroleum-Natural Asphalts in Paving Mixtures
Creators: name: Williams, Ellis G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The relative merits of various asphalts and asphaltic materials have been the subject of considerable controversy almost from the beginning of flexible pavement construction in this country. In this early period petroleum asphalt had not yet entered the picture and controversy centered about naturally occurring products such as Trinidad natural asphalt and impregnated stones. In 1876 Congress directed that comparative service tests be made on a rock asphalt* and a sheet asphalt containing Trinidad natural asphalt. The sheet asphalt was considered the more successful of these and thus Trinidad natural asphalt became firmly established as a paving material in this country. Its position remained unchallenged until a rapidly enlarging oil industry made available cheaper asphalt. Since then considerable effort has gone into both laboratory studies and comparative field installations to examine the relative merits of the two materials. These studies have produced interesting but not conclusive results and the trend has constantly been toward the cheaper and more readily available petroleum asphalts.
CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING AND VULNERABILITY IN THE ZONE LACUSTRE, MALI
Creators: name: Harrower, Sarah
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Harrower, Sarah
name: Hoddinott, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper explores risk sharing in the Zone Lacustre, Mali, as viewed through the lens of consumption smoothing. We find that idiosyncratic shocks appear to have little impact on consumption, and that households respond to these shocks in a variety of ways. In general, nonpoor households are more likely to enter into new income-generating activities while poor households are more likely to engage in credit or gift exchange or to ration consumption. When we construct a stronger test for consumption smoothing, we find that changes in household income lead to modest changes in consumption. Covariant shocks, as measured by village/round dummies, always lead to changes in consumption. These results are robust to concerns regarding bias resulting from measurement error or endogeneity of changes in income. Lastly, we find that households with access to improved water control infrastructure are less vulnerable than those that rely on rainfall or the flooding of the Niger River.
Two-Dimensional Thermofield Bosonization II: Massive Fermions
Creators: name: Amaral, R. L. P. G.
name: Belvedere, L. V.
name: Rothe, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the perturbative computation of the N-point function of chiral densities of massive free fermions at finite temperature within the thermofield dynamics approach. The infinite series in the mass parameter for the N-point functions are computed in the fermionic formulation and compared with the corresponding perturbative series in the interaction parameter in the bosonized thermofield formulation. Thereby we establish in thermofield dynamics the formal equivalence of the massive free fermion theory with the sine-Gordon thermofield model for a particular value of the sine-Gordon parameter. We extend the thermofield bosonization to include the massive Thirring model.
description: 21 pages, to be published in Annals of Physics
NONMARKET NETWORKS AMONG MIGRANTS: EVIDENCE FROM METROPOLITAN BANGKOK, THAILAND
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Tanabe, Sakiko
name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Tanabe, Sakiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper examines nonmarket interactions among migrants from same origins in the urban labor market of Bangkok, Thailand. We test whether the labor-market performance of previous migrants has externalities to that of new migrants who moved from the same province of origin. Our empirical results, which control origin fixed effects, time-fixed effects, and origin/year specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative size of the migrant population in the market decreases employment probabilities of new migrants (negative substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases those of new migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants approaches to unity, the size effect becomes positive, showing informational scale economies. The results imply that the positive informational scale effect dominates the negative substitution effect when the efficiency of precious migrants is sufficiently high in the labor market.
$T\bar{T}/J\bar{T}$-deformed WZW models from Chern-Simons AdS$_3$ gravity with mixed boundary conditions
Creators: name: He, Miao
name: Gao, Yi-hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider AdS$_3$ gravitational theory with certain mixed boundary conditions at spatial infinity. Using the Chern-Simons formalism of AdS$_3$ gravity, we find that these boundary conditions lead to non-trivial boundary terms, which, in turn, produce exactly the spectrum of the $T\bar{T}/J\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs. We then follow the procedure for constructing asymptotic boundary dynamics of AdS$_3$ to derive the constrained $T\bar{T}$-deformed WZW model from Chern-Simons gravity. The resulting theory turns out to be the $T\bar{T}$-deformed Alekseev-Shatashvili action after disentangling the constraints. Furthermore, by adding a $U(1)$ gauge field associated to the current $J$, we obtain one type of the $J\bar T$-deformed WZW model, and show that its action can be constructed from the gravity side. These results provide a check on the correspondence between the $T\bar{T}/J\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs and the deformations of boundary conditions of AdS$_3$, the latter of which may be regarded as coordinate transformations.
description: 34 pages; v2: added section 3.2 and 4.4 to discuss the constraints, added references; v3: revised to match the published version
TARGETING URBAN MALNUTRITION: A MULTICITY ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDHOOD NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Creators: name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper assesses the degree to which childhood malnutrition and its contributing factors are clustered by neighborhood in seven different cities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The analysis is based on data from eight different national household surveys that used a two-stage sampling design (households within clusters). Spatial clustering was assessed using the intracluster correlation coefficient (r), which may be interpreted as the proportion of the total variance in a variable that is associated with the cluster to which it belongs. In general, per capita expenditures and the share of the household budget spent on food showed a high level of spatial clustering across the seven cities, but the magnitude of this clustering varied markedly from city to city. Spatial clustering in the provision of basic services also varied greatly. There was consistently little evidence of spatial clustering of infectious disease, childhood mortality, or the weight-based nutrition indicators. Age-standardized height, on the other hand, showed slightly more spatial clustering, with a median intracluster correlation of r = 0.12. Some cities showed relatively higher levels of spatial clustering on several measures of deprivation simultaneously, while other cities showed consistently lower levels of clustering. Many nutrition interventions are intrinsically geographically targeted. While geographical targeting tends to be administratively simpler than individual targeting and can be politically convenient, the current analysis suggests that where nutrition interventions are focused on stunting (low height-for-age), targeting by neighborhood may often lead to unacceptably high rates of undercoverage and leakage of benefits to the nonneedy.
Self-trapping of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
Creators: name: Wang, Bingbing
name: Fu, Panming
name: Liu, Jie
name: Wu, Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-trapping phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical lattices is studied extensively by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our numerical results not only reproduce the phenomenon that was observed in a recent experiment [Anker {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 94} (2005)020403], but also find that the self-trapping breaks down at long evolution times, that is, the self-trapping in optical lattices is only temporary. The analysis of our numerical results shows that the self-trapping in optical lattices is related to the self-trapping of BECs in a double-well potential. A possible mechanism of the formation of steep edges in the wave packet evolution is explored in terms of the dynamics of relative phases between neighboring wells.
description: 8 pages, 15 figures
Hiiumoceras hiiuense Kröger, 2025, gen. et sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Uranoceratidae
Hiiumoceras
Hiiumoceras hiiuense

description: Hiiumoceras hiiuense gen. et sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CBB9CFFF-F108-4D62-8667-64A3318EE96D
Figs 28A–D, 29A
Diagnosis
Same as for genus, by monotypy.
Etymology
Refers to the Hiiumaa, Estonia, the region, where this species is known from.
Type material
Holotype
ESTONIA • Hiiumaa Island, Paope quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; TUG 1745- 11.
Paratype
ESTONIA • 1 spec.; Hiiumaa Island, Paluküla quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 426-421.
Description
The holotype is an exogastrically curved fragment of parts of a body chamber, and two chambers of the phragmocone. The conch cross section is circular with a diameter increasing from 16 mm to 22 mm and an angle of expansion of 16°. The outer shell is not preserved but on the surface of the inner mold, traces of directly transverse, shallow striae are visible. The sutures are 3 mm apart (RCL = 0.19), straight and directly transverse. A septal foramen with a diameter of 1 mm is preserved 2 mm from the conch margin, where the conch diameter is 16 mm (RSH = 0.06, RSP = 0.13). The septal necks are suborthochoanitic. The connecting rings are relatively thick and form nearly tubular segments; slightly expanded into the chambers (Fig. 29A). No endosiphuncular deposits are observed.
Specimen GIT 426-421 (Fig. 28A–D) is a mold of a complete body chamber with a circular conch-cross section increasing from 17 mm to 22 mm at a length of 20 mm (angle of expansion 18°). In lateral view, the dorsal margins and ventral margins of the body chamber are concavely and convexly curved, respectively. The conch expands gradually. On the surface of the specimen, shallow, directly transverse striae are visible (ca one per millimeter). The trace of a septal foramen is preserved at the base of the body chamber. It has a height of 2 mm and is 3 mm distant from the conch margin (RSH =0.11, RSP = 0.2).
Comparison
This species differs from the otherwise similar Ringoceras praecurvum Strand, 1934 in size, conch cross section and ornamentation. The Norwegian species is smaller (with an adult size of less than 20 mm), is additionally ornamented with longitudinal lirae, and has a compressed conch cross section.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Von Mineapolis 1957 nach Jakarta 1975 - Variationen über ein ökumenisches Thema
Creators: name: Gensichen, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 3 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 3
THE IMPACT OF AGROFORESTRY-BASED SOIL FERTILITY REPLENISHMENT PRACTICES ON THE POOR IN WESTERN KENYA
Creators: name: Place, Frank
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Hebinck, Paul
name: Omosa, Mary
name: Place, Frank
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Hebinck, Paul
name: Omosa, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Poverty
subject: Agricultural research
subject: Sustainable livelihoods
subject: Vulnerability
subject: Agricultural extension
subject: Social capital
subject: Soil fertility replenishment
subject: Agroforestry
subject: Kenya

description: This case study explores the relationships between agroforestry-based soil fertility replenishment (SFR) systems (improved fallows and biomass transfer) and poverty reduction in rural western Kenya. It further examines the role that different dissemination approaches play in conditioning which segments of society gain access to information to the technologies and then uses them. The study made use of many different qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and samples from both pilot areas where researchers maintained a significant presence and nonpilot areas where farmers learned of the technologies through other channels. Adoption processes were analyzed quantitatively using almost 2,000 households. Qualitative methods included case studies for 40 households, where researchers lived in the villages for months, and focus group discussions involving 16 different groups. The findings showed that poverty is rampant among households and appeared to worsen during the study period. The poor were reached by many different information providers and liked certain aspects of almost all types of organizations, from government social relationships of wealth, gender and status; nevertheless, poor farmers acquired a significant amount of knowledge about soil fertility management. Adoption rates are not outstanding but they are encouraging, with about 20% of all farmers newly testing. Unlike some agricultural technologies historically, SFR was found not to be biased toward people controlling and managing resources above a certain threshold. The study also found that the poor were using the agroforestry technologies to a much greater extent that they were fertilizer (about 33% of farmers not using any other soil fertility practice were trying the new systems). The technologies were almost always at least doubling yields of maize. Despite these promising signs, the systems were not found to be linked to improved household-level food security or poverty indicators, primarily because the size of the fields under the agroforestry systems was, on average, quite small.