cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tinctoric acid A-B, two new hopan-type triterpenoids from the Vietnamese lichen, Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) hale with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Hoang, Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang
name: Phan, Hoang-Vinh-Truong
name: Nguyen-Si, Hoai-Vu
name: Tran, Thanh-Nha
name: Vo, Thi-Phi-Giao
name: Le, Huong Thi Thu
name: Dao, Ngoc-Van-Trang
name: Huynh, Thi-Minh-Suong
name: Mai, Dinh-Tri
name: Dong, Phan-Si-Nguyen
name: Nguyen, Van-Kieu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology
Virology

description: Two new hopan-type triterpenoids, namely tinctoric acid A-B (1-2), were isolated from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR). The absolute configuration at C-22 of 1 was established through DP4 probability. Compounds 1-2 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and found to be more potent than those of positive control (acarbose, IC50 168 µM) with values IC50 74.7 and 98.2 µM, respectively. Both of these compounds interacted well with enzyme α-glucosidase MAL32 through H-bonds and hydrophobic interaction.
Introducing the Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Profile, a Proving Ground for Next Generation Stock Assessments
Creators: name: Shotwell, S. K.
name: Blackhart, K.
name: Cunningham, C.
name: Fedewa, E.
name: Hanselman, D.
name: Aydin, K.
name: Doyle, M.
name: Fissel, B.
name: Lynch, P.
name: Ormseth, O.
name: Spencer, P.
name: Zador, S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Ecosystem-based fishery science is an important component of effective marine conservation and resource management. Implementation has progressed through large-scale comprehensive ecosystem status reports; however, integrating ecosystem research within the stock assessment process remains elusive. Primary obstacles include the lack of a consistent approach to including ecosystem and socioeconomic information into a stock assessment model and how to test its reliability for identifying future change. We introduce a methodology and reporting framework termed the Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Profile (ESP) to overcome these obstacles. The ESP facilitates the integration of ecosystem and socioeconomic factors within the stock assessment process through four steps that culminate in a focused, succinct, and meaningful communication of drivers for a given stock. The first ESP was produced for Alaska sablefish and we provide the general process to implement the ESP framework using results from the sablefish ESP. We conducted a data synthesis that allowed for the framework to be applied across multiple regions and stocks. ESPs are an efficient testing ground for developing ecosystem-linked stock assessments and provide a set of reporting tools that can be tailored to a variety of audiences in order to effectively merge the ecosystem, socioeconomic, and stock assessment disciplines.
New Inflation in the Landscape and Typicality of the Observed Cosmic Perturbation
Creators: name: Chiang, Chien-I
name: Harigaya, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate if the observed small and nearly scale-invariant primordial cosmic perturbation, i.e. the perturbation amplitude $P_ζ\sim10^{-9}$ and the spectral index $n_s \simeq 0.965$, is typical in the landscape of vacua after imposing anthropic selections on them. We consider the situation where the universe begins from a metastable vacuum driving a precedent inflation, a curvature-dominated open universe is created by tunneling, and the curvature energy is inflated away by new inflation. We argue that the initial inflaton field value is homogeneous but typically non-zero because of the quantum fluctuation of long wavelength modes created during the precedent inflation, and only the universe which accidentally has a small inflaton field value is anthropically selected. We show that this bias, together with certain distributions of inflation model parameters that are physically well-motivated, makes the observed small and nearly scale-invariant spectrum typical.
description: 16+10 pages, 14 figures. v2: references added
Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of three Komagataeibacter strains (23736, Hum-1, and SC-3B)
Creators: name: Nelson, Ashley Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2017
Subjects: Komagataeibacter
Cellulose

description: Bacterial cellulose is a crystalline biopolymer with mechanical properties that make it useful in a number of commercial, medical, and industrial applications. However, expensive media and sterile growing conditions limit production and use in these industries, and so understanding which organisms are the most efficient producers of cellulose is commercially important. The organism Komagataeibacter hansenii (formerly Gluconacetobacter xylinus) is a particularly efficient producer of BC, but some strains within this species are more productive than others. The purpose of this study was to introduce three additional cellulose producers, Komagataeibacter hansenii strains ATCC 23726, Hum-1, and SC-3B. The strains and their resulting cellulose were morphologically characterized using light microscopy, TEM, dry and wet weights, and time-lapse microscopy, and a phylogenetic analysis was employed to determine how these three new strains are related to other cellulose producers. Results indicate that the three strains are very closely related, but that SC-3B cells are much larger and produce larger ribbons of cellulose than the other two strains. Wider cellulose ribbons are very likely the result of a higher number of cellulose producing enzymatic subunits in the terminal complex. The terminal complex of longer cells is itself longer, and therefore able to produce wider ribbons of cellulose.
Os percentuais de co-contração não estão alterados nos indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho durante o agachamento unipodal.
Creators: name: Cabral, Ana Luiza Costa E Silva
name: Jéssica Garcia Jorge
name: Valdeci Carlos Dionisio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: co-contração, osteoartrite, agachamento unipodal

description: A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é uma doença muito frequente em idosos e seus principais sintomas são dor e perda de função. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os percentuais de co-contração (PCC) em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) e comparar com indivíduos saudáveis. Sessenta (60) participantes realizaram agachamento unipodal. Os músculos analisados foram: tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnêmio medial (GM), reto femoral (RF), bíceps femoral (BF), vasto medial (VM), e vasto lateral (VL). Não houve diferença estatística. Os PCC são similares na comparação entre os grupos, porém o menor deslocamento angular observado no grupo com osteoartrite de joelho poderia ter sido influenciado pela cinesiofobia.
Cryogenic light detectors with enhanced performance for rare events physics
Creators: name: Barucci, M.
name: Beeman, J. W.
name: Caracciolo, V.
name: Pagnanini, L.
name: Pattavina, L.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pirro, S.
name: Rusconi, C.
name: Schäffner, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed and tested a new way of coupling bolometric light detectors to scintillating crystal bolometers based upon simply resting the light detector on the crystal surface, held in position only by gravity. This straightforward mounting results in three important improvements: (1) it decreases the amount of non-active materials needed to assemble the detector, (2) it substantially increases the light collection efficiency by minimizing the light losses induced by the mounting structure, and (3) it enhances the thermal signal induced in the light detector thanks to the extremely weak thermal link to the thermal bath. We tested this new technique with a 16 cm$^2$ Ge light detector with thermistor readout sitting on the surface of a large TeO$_2$ bolometer. The light collection efficiency was increased by greater than 50\% compared to previously tested alternative mountings. We obtained a baseline energy resolution on the light detector of 20~eV RMS that, together with increased light collection, enabled us to obtain the best $α$ vs $β/γ$ discrimination ever obtained with massive TeO$_2$ crystals. At the same time we achieved rise and decay times of 0.8 and 1.6 ms, respectively. This superb performance meets all of the requirements for the CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) experiment, which is a 1-ton scintillating bolometer follow up to CUORE.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Perturbative Prediction for Parton Fragmentation into Heavy Hadron
Creators: name: Ma, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By expanding functions of parton fragmentation into a heavy hadron in the inverse of the heavy quark mass $m_Q$ we attempt to factorize them into perturbative- and nonperturbative parts. In our approach the nonperturbative parts can be defined as matrix elements in heavy quark effective theory, the shape of the functions is predicted by perturbative QCD. In this work we neglect effect at order of $m_Q^{-2}$ and calculate the perturbative parts at one-loop level for heavy quark- and gluon fragmentation. We compare our results from leading log approximation with experimental results from $e^+e^-$ colliders and find a deviation below or at 10% level. Adding effect of higher order in $α_s$ it can be expected to reduce the deviation. The size of matrix elements appearing at the order we consider for several types of heavy hadrons is determined.
description: 21 pages + 3 pages figures, plain tex
Strong Isospin Breaking in the Decay Constants of Heavy-Light Mesons from Local-Duality QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Simula, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore, by a rather peculiar limit of QCD sum rules subject to a Borel transformation (realized by allowing the related Borel mass parameter to approach infinity), how the small difference of the masses of up and down quark translates into the leptonic decay constants of pseudoscalar or vector heavy-light mesons. For the charmed and bottom mesons, we find that the decay constants of their lowest-lying charged and neutral representatives should differ by an amount of the order of 1 MeV.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at "XIII Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum - Confinement2018" (31 July - 6 August 2018, Maynooth University, Ireland)
Driven vortices in confined geometry: the Corbino disk
Creators: name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fabrication of artificial pinning structures allows a new generation of experiments which can probe the properties of vortex arrays by forcing them to flow in confined geometries. We discuss the theoretical analysis of such experiments in both flux liquids and flux solids, focusing on the Corbino disk geometry. In the liquid, these experiments can probe the critical behavior near a continuous liquid-glass transition. In the solid, they probe directly the onset of plasticity.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Invited talk presented at M2S-HTSC-VI, Houston, February 2000
Hybrid Power Plant operation through ME4HP implementation in CROSSBOW project
Creators: name: Rayo García, Daniel
name: Amezcua Medina, Joel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: hybrid power plant
optimization
RES-DU
CROSSBOW
PV
Wind farm
battery
storage
renewable
ancillary services

description: This document presents the main results associated to the final demonstration stage of RES-DU product in the framework of CROSSBOW poject. During this demonstration stage several control strategies have been tested according to the following objectives: i) to supply the power according to different power demand curves, ii) to increment the revenues of the HPP due to energy sale, and iii) to demonstrate the capacity of HPP to provide ancillary services. The demonstration activies have been carried out in the lab of National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) in direct cooperation with its technical and research team. The purpose of this document is to show the results of the tool, demonstrating the main functionalities and highlighting the adaptability of the tool against different plant configurations and operation modes.
MOESM5 of Thermostability and excision activity of polymorphic forms of hOGG1
Creators: name: Mouzakis, Kathryn
name: Wu, Tiffany
name: Haushalter, Karl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5. Structural analysis of the amino acid residues mutated in hOGG1 variants. Analysis based on the original published structure of hOGG1 bound to DNA [20].
The Theory of Metaparticles
Creators: name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Kowalski-Glikman, Jerzy
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Minic, Djordje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and develop the theory of metaparticles. At the classical level, this is a world-line theory with the usual reparameterization invariance and two additional features. The theory is motivated by string theory on compact targets, and can be thought of, at least at the non-interacting level, as a theory of particles at a given string level, or as a particle model for Born geometries. The first additional feature of the model is the presence of an additional local symmetry, which from the string point of view corresponds to the completion of worldsheet diffeomorphism invariance. From the particle world-line point of view, this symmetry is associated with an additional local constraint. The second feature is the presence of a non-trivial symplectic form on the metaparticle phase space, also motivated by string theory [1, 2]. Because of its interpretation as a particle model on Born geometry, the space-time on which the metaparticle propagates is ambiguous, with different choices related by what in string theory we would call T-duality. In this paper, we define the model, and explore some of its principle classical and quantum properties, including causality and unitarity.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; published in Phys. Rev. D. (March 26, 2019) volume 99, eid 066011
title: Ethiopian Journals of Environment and Development, Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): ASSESSING ADOPTION LEVEL OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ARTUMA-FURSI WOREDA, OROMO-SPECIAL ZONE OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA
title: ASSESSING ADOPTION LEVEL OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ARTUMA-FURSI WOREDA, OROMO-SPECIAL ZONE OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ethiopian Journals Of Environment And Development
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journals of Environment and Development
Year: 2022

description: Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a new agricultural approach designed to improve resilience and food
security of farmers in the face of climate change. The study was thus intended to assess CSA adoption level and its contribution to food security of farmers in Artuma-Fursi Woreda, Oromo Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Two-stage sampling was used to select 259 households, from whom primary data were collected via crosssectional household survey. Content analysis was used to identify farm level CSA Practices/Technologies (CSAPTs) with close examination of locally specific character of climate-induced food insecurity. Adaptation Strategy Use Index and Composite Score Method were used to assess CSA adoption level and classify households as Low/L, Medium/M and High/H adoption groups (AG). Household Food Balance Model (HFBM) was used to assess food security of households. An ordered Probit regression model was applied to assess factors influencing adoption level of CSAPTs. The study identified 30 CSAPTs. Results showed that Crop and Livestock Management were most frequently adopted, while the later 2 were least frequently adopted CSAPTs. Results also indicated that 22.8%, 32.8% and 44.4% of the households fall under HAG, MAG and LAG with a mean dietary energy scores of 1946.0, 1785.82 and 1692.84kcals/household/day. Results of the one-way between-groups ANOVA showed that the observed differences in mean dietary energy scores of the three adoption groups were larger than what would be expected by chance with p < :05 significant level. HFBM showed that 49.2% of HAG were in acceptable consumption category, in which only 4.7% of low adopters were found. On contrary, 64.7% of LAG were in poor consumption category, in which only 13.56% of high adopters were found, implying that increased level of CSA adoption had higher contribution to improve households’ food security. Results of the ordered probit model indicated that membership in SACCOs, livestock ownership and education level of household head were significant explanatory variables determining CSA adoption level in LAG, MAG and HAG at 1%, 5% & 10% significant levels, respectively.
Marginal effects estimated for the rest of variables were negatively related in LAG, while they were positively related in HAG, implying that increases in these variables make it less likely to find households in LAG and more likely to boost adoption in HAG showing potential entry points for future intervention.
Finite-size Scaling and Universality above the Upper Critical Dimensionality
Creators: name: Luijten, Erik
name: Blöte, Henk W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to renormalization theory, Ising systems above their upper critical dimensionality d_u = 4 have classical critical behavior and the ratio of magnetization moments Q = ^2 / has the universal value 0.456947... However, Monte Carlo simulations of d = 5 Ising models have been reported which yield strikingly different results, suggesting that the renormalization scenario is incorrect. We investigate this issue by simulation of a more general model in which d_u < 4, and a careful analysis of the corrections to scaling. Our results are in a perfect agreement with the renormalization theory and provide an explanation of the discrepancy mentioned.
description: 5 pages RevTeX, 1 PostScript figure. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
New triterpenoid saponin from the aerial part of Abrus canescens Welw ex. Bak. (Fabaceae) and their antibacterial activities
Creators: name: Djamalladine, Djamalladine Mahamat
name: Mabou, Florence Déclaire
name: Tsamo, Donald Leonel Feugap
name: Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu
name: Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence
name: Tsopmo, Apollinaire
name: Ngnokam, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: The chemical investigation of the aerial part of Abrus canescens led to isolation of a new triterpenoid glycoside named Canescensoside (1) and four known compounds including longispinogenin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and apigenin-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (5). Structures of compounds were assigned by interpretation of their spectral data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and by comparison with the reported data. The MeOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions as well as isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities against four bacteria strains among which, two Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 76110 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739) and two Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) bacteria using the broth microdilution method. The MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction exhibited significant activities (MIC values ranging from 128 to 512 μg/mL) against all the tested bacteria. Compounds 2 and 3 showed the lowest MIC values of 55.47 and 50.40 µM, respectively.
Spin gap and magnetic coherence in a clean high-T_c superconductor
Creators: name: Lake, B.
name: Aeppli, G.
name: Mason, T. E.
name: Schroder, A.
name: McMorrow, D. F.
name: Lefmann, K.
name: Isshiki, M.
name: Nohara, M.
name: Takagi, H.
name: Hayden, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A notable aspect of high-temperature superconductivity in the copper oxides is the unconventional nature of the underlying paired-electron state. A direct manifestation of the unconventional state is a pairing energy - that is, the energy required to remove one electron from the superconductor - that varies (between zero and a maximum value) as a function of momentum or wavevector: the pairing energy for conventional superconductors is wavevector-independent. The wavefunction describing the superconducting state will include not only the pairing of charges, but also of the spins of the paired charges. Each pair is usually in the form of a spin singlet, so there will also be a pairing energy associated with transforming the spin singlet into the higher energy spin triplet form without necessarily unbinding the charges. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to determine the wavevector-dependence of spin pairing in La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4, the simplest high-temperature superconductor. We find that the spin pairing energy (or 'spin gap') is wavevector independent, even though superconductivity significantly alters the wavevector dependence of the spin fluctuations at higher energies.
description: RevTeX,13 pages, 4 postscript figures, to Appear in Nature, July 1, 1999
Women in agricultural value chains: unrecognized work and contributions to the Guatemalan economy
Creators: name: Durr, Jochen
name: Durr, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: agricultural value chains
subject: invisible work
subject: women entrepreneurs
subject: informal sector
subject: non-traditional exports

description: The contribution of women to agricultural value chains has increased in recent decades, but evidence is still scarce, especially concerning the informal, agro-industrial and commercial sectors. This study demonstrates the participation and roles of women and their income generated in these sectors. Primary data combined with secondary census data was used to quantify employment and value added creation of a wide range of value chains in Guatemala. Women contribute nearly half of employment and of value added and their participation in traditional chains is much more pronounced than in the non-traditional export sector. Value chains offer significant employment opportunities as small entrepreneurs and as wage earners, but women occupy nodes which generate low income. Besides the unrecognized work in informal sectors, the contribution of women to the last stage of value chains remains invisible. The number of working days for preparing products before being consumed exceeds by far those applied in agro-industry and commerce. To overcome the unequal value chain participation and benefits, public policies are necessary.
Additional file 5: of NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation
Creators: name: Perez, Cynthia
name: Kushal Prajapati
name: Burke, Brianna
name: Plaza-Rojas, Lourdes
name: Zeleznik-Le, Nancy
name: Guevara-Patino, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Blocking NKG2D did not alter the phenotype of effector CD8 T cells (DOCX 88 kb)
Additional file 5: of Identification of functional long non-coding RNAs in C. elegans
Creators: name: Akay, Alper
name: Jordan, David
name: Navarro, Isabela
name: Wrzesinski, Tomasz
name: Ponting, Chris
name: Miska, Eric
name: Haerty, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Enrichment of lncRNAs (PDF 78 kb)
Exciton-phonon coupling in the UV absorption and emission spectra of bulk hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Paleari, Fulvio
name: Miranda, Henrique P. C.
name: Molina-Sánchez, Alejandro
name: Wirtz, Ludger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an \textit{ab initio} method to calculate phonon-assisted absorption and emission spectra in the presence of strong excitonic effects. We apply the method to bulk hexagonal BN which has an indirect band gap and is known for its strong luminescence in the UV range. We first analyse the excitons at the wave vector $\overline{q}$ of the indirect gap. The coupling of these excitons with the various phonon modes at $\overline{q}$ is expressed in terms of a product of the mean square displacement of the atoms and the second derivative of the optical response function with respect to atomic displacement along the phonon eigenvectors. The derivatives are calculated numerically with a finite difference scheme in a supercell commensurate with $\overline{q}$. We use detailed balance arguments to obtain the intensity ratio between emission and absorption processes. Our results explain recent luminescence experiments and reveal the exciton-phonon coupling channels responsible for the emission lines.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 3 figures. The supplementary material (10 pages, 11 figures) follows the main text
An overview of deep learning in medical imaging focusing on MRI
Creators: name: Lundervold, Alexander Selvikvåg
name: Lundervold, Arvid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: What has happened in machine learning lately, and what does it mean for the future of medical image analysis? Machine learning has witnessed a tremendous amount of attention over the last few years. The current boom started around 2009 when so-called deep artificial neural networks began outperforming other established models on a number of important benchmarks. Deep neural networks are now the state-of-the-art machine learning models across a variety of areas, from image analysis to natural language processing, and widely deployed in academia and industry. These developments have a huge potential for medical imaging technology, medical data analysis, medical diagnostics and healthcare in general, slowly being realized. We provide a short overview of recent advances and some associated challenges in machine learning applied to medical image processing and image analysis. As this has become a very broad and fast expanding field we will not survey the entire landscape of applications, but put particular focus on deep learning in MRI. Our aim is threefold: (i) give a brief introduction to deep learning with pointers to core references; (ii) indicate how deep learning has been applied to the entire MRI processing chain, from acquisition to image retrieval, from segmentation to disease prediction; (iii) provide a starting point for people interested in experimenting and perhaps contributing to the field of machine learning for medical imaging by pointing out good educational resources, state-of-the-art open-source code, and interesting sources of data and problems related medical imaging.
description: Minor updates. Close to the version published in Zeitschrift f\"ur Medizinische Physik (Available online 13 December 2018)
Analysis of Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and Patient Tissue Using a 3D In Vivo Tumor Model—Possible Effects of Punicalagin
Creators: name: Dorn, Anna Rebecca
name: Neff, Sara
name: Hupp, Sophia
name: Engelhardt, Melissa
name: Pion, Eric
name: Lenze, Ulrich
name: Knebel, Carolin
name: Duprée, Anna
name: Schewe, Simone
name: Weber, Markus
name: Wulbrand, Christian
name: Hillmann, Axel
name: Weber, Florian
name: Clarke, Phillip
name: Kainz, Philipp
name: Aung, Thiha
name: Haerteis, Silke
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: osteosarcoma; CAM assay; 3D in vivo tumor model; punicalagin; MTT assay; angiogenesis
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant bone tumors and mostly affect children, adolescents, and young adults. Despite current treatment options such as surgery and polychemotherapy, the survival of patients with metastatic disease remains poor. In recent studies, punicalagin has reduced the cell viability, angiogenesis, and invasion in cell culture trials. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of punicalagin on osteosarcomas in a 3D in vivo tumor model. Human osteosarcoma biopsies and SaOs-2 and MG-63 cells, were grown in a 3D in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. After a cultivation period of up to 72 h, the tumors received daily treatment with punicalagin for 4 days. Weight measurements of the CAM tumors were performed, and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and a deep learning-based image analysis software (CAM Assay Application v.3.1.0) were used to measure angiogenesis. HE, Ki-67, and Caspase-3 staining was performed after explantation. The osteosarcoma cell lines SaOs-2 and MG-63 and osteosarcoma patient tissue displayed satisfactory growth patterns on the CAM. Treatment with punicalagin decreased tumor weight, proliferation, and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and the tumor tissue showed pro-apoptotic characteristics. These results provide a robust foundation for the implementation of further studies and show that punicalagin offers a promising supplementary treatment option for osteosarcoma patients. The 3D in vivo tumor model represents a beneficial model for the testing of anti-cancer therapies.
Causality and loop-tree duality at higher loops
Creators: name: Runkel, Robert
name: Szőr, Zoltán
name: Vesga, Juan Pablo
name: Weinzierl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We relate a $l$-loop Feynman integral to a sum of phase space integrals, where the integrands are determined by the spanning trees of the original $l$-loop graph. Causality requires that the propagators of the trees have a modified $iδ$-prescription and we present a simple formula for the correct $iδ$-prescription.
description: 6 pages, v2: version to be published, v3: Theorem 1 corrected
An Analysis of Diagonal and Non-diagonal QCD Sum Rules for Heavy Baryons at Next-to-Leading Order in α_S
Creators: name: Groote, S.
name: Körner, J. G.
name: Yakovlev, O. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider diagonal and non-diagonal QCD sum rules for the ground state heavy baryons to leading order in $1/m_Q$ and at next-to-leading order in $α_S$. In the non-diagonal case we evaluate the eight different two-loop diagrams which determine the perturbative $α_S$-corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the quark condensate in the Operator Product Expansion. The QCD corrections to the non-diagonal sum rules are moderate compared to the QCD corrections in the diagonal case. We also consider constituent type sum rules using constituent type interpolating currents. The obtained results are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding results obtained in the diagonal case. As central values for the bound state energies we find $m(Λ_Q)-m_Q = 760 MeV$ and $m(Σ_Q)-m_Q = 940 MeV$. The central values for the residues are given by $F(Λ_Q) = 0.030 GeV^3$ and $F(Σ_Q) = 0.038 GeV^3$.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX, 8 figures are included in PostScript format
Combinations of single-top-quark production cross-section measurements and $|f_{\rm LV}V_{tb}|$ determinations at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments
Creators: name: ATLAS
name: Collaborations, CMS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the combinations of single-top-quark production cross-section measurements by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, using data from LHC proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.17 to 5.1 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, and 12.2 to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. These combinations are performed per centre-of-mass energy and for each production mode: $t$-channel, $tW$, and $s$-channel. The combined $t$-channel cross-sections are $67.5 \pm 5.7$ pb and $87.7 \pm 5.8$ pb at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV respectively. The combined $tW$ cross-sections are $16.3 \pm 4.1$ pb and $23.1 \pm 3.6$ pb at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV respectively. For the $s$-channel cross-section, the combination yields $4.9 \pm 1.4$ pb at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The square of the magnitude of the CKM matrix element $V_{tb}$ multiplied by a form factor $f_{\rm LV}$is determined for each production mode and centre-of-mass energy, using the ratio of the measured cross-section to its theoretical prediction. It is assumed that the top-quark-related CKM matrix elements obey the relation $|V_{td}|,|V_{ts}| \ll |V_{tb}|$. All the $|f_{\rm LV}V_{tb}|^2$ determinations, extracted from individual ratios at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV, are combined, resulting in $|f_{\rm LV}V_{tb}|=1.02\pm0.04$ (meas.) $\pm0.02$ (theo.). All combined measurements are consistent with their corresponding Standard Model predictions.
description: 81 pages in total, author list starting page 44, 5 figures, 13 tables, JHEP 05 (2019) 088. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2017-16/ and http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-17-006/
Additional file 3: of NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation
Creators: name: Perez, Cynthia
name: Kushal Prajapati
name: Burke, Brianna
name: Plaza-Rojas, Lourdes
name: Zeleznik-Le, Nancy
name: Guevara-Patino, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The anti-NKG2D antibody clone HMG2D did not deplete NKG2D expressing cells. (PDF 120 kb)
THE APPLICABILITY OF POLICE PRE-EMPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGICAL SCREENING DIMENSIONS ON FIREFIGHTER POPULATIONS
Creators: name: Deutsch, Emily L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: firefighter
police
psychological evaluation
personnel selection

description: Firefighters often face high risk situations and unique work stressors which require them to be physically fit and psychologically stable in order to be well suited to the profession. Extensive research has been conducted on their police counterparts to establish psychological screening dimensions utilized during pre-employment psychological evaluations to help assess for psychological suitability. However, there is a lack of equivalent research on firefighter populations. This study used content analysis to extract the desired psychological and cognitive characteristics described in firefighter job postings, descriptions, and applications for 136 departments randomly selected across the United States. These characteristics were analyzed, grouped, and categorized into nine firefighter job traits which were compared to the established police psychological screening dimensions to determine the appropriateness of utilizing police psychological screening dimensions on firefighter populations to aid in the selection of applicants. Of the nine firefighter job traits, Cooperation/Teamwork, Adaptability, Character/Professional, and Customer Service/Interaction with the Public job traits aligned well with current police dimensions or facets of them. The Composure in Emergency Situations/Decision Making, Critical Thinking/Reasoning Skills, and Communication Skills job traits describe similar characteristics but with a more job specific focus. The Following Instructions/Orders and Cognitive Skills firefighter job traits are unique from existing police psychological screening dimensions. This preliminary research suggests that while some police and firefighter screening traits and dimensions align, there are some differences in terms of job focused characteristics and appropriate examples.
Additional file 4: of Identification of functional long non-coding RNAs in C. elegans
Creators: name: Akay, Alper
name: Jordan, David
name: Navarro, Isabela
name: Wrzesinski, Tomasz
name: Ponting, Chris
name: Miska, Eric
name: Haerty, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Comparison of protein-coding and lncRNA transcript size (PDF 66 kb)
DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF COTTON FARMERS IN TOGO
Creators: name: Ali, Essossinam
name: Kpakpabia, Komi Tchotoubai
name: Ali, Essossinam
name: Kpakpabia, Komi Tchotoubai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agriculture
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Cotton
subject: Togo

description: Cotton is a cash crop that occupies an important place in Togolese economy. However, a downward trend in productivity has been observed over the last twenty years, but the reasons are not well known. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of technical efficiency of cotton producers and analyse its determinants. The stochastic frontier analysis was adopted and data collected from 150 cotton producers in five regions in Togo was used. The results show that the average technical efficiency of cotton producers is 48.33%. It is therefore possible to increase the level of cotton production to 51.67% using the available resources. The factors that affect the technical inefficiency of farmers include the use of herbicides, the education level and the nature of the soil. In order to increase the productivity of cotton, policy should target on the capacity building of the producers by an effective support of the extension agents in order to ensure the follow-up of the technical itineraries.
Flux compensation for SQUID-detected Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy
Creators: name: de Wit, Martin
name: Welker, Gesa
name: Hoekstra, Frederik G.
name: Oosterkamp, Tjerk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the major challenges in performing SQUID-detected Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM) at milliKelvin temperatures is the crosstalk between the radiofrequency (RF) pulses used for the spin manipulation and the SQUID-based detection mechanism. Here we present an approach based on balancing the flux crosstalk using an on-chip feedback coil coupled to the SQUID. This approach does not require any additional components near the location of the sample, and can therefore be applied to any SQUID-based detection scheme to cancel predictable RF interference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by showing that we can almost completely negate flux crosstalk with an amplitude of up to several $Φ_0$. This technical achievement allows for complicated magnetic resonance protocols to be performed at temperatures below 50 mK.
On a combinatorial property of families of sequences converging to +infinity
Creators: name: Tyszka, Apoloniusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider families F of sequences converging to +infinity that F satisfies the following condition (C): (C): if an open set U in the real line is unbounded above then there exists a sequence belonging to F, which has an infinite number of terms belonging to U. For the functions f,g from {0,1,2,...} to {0,1,2,...} we define: f =< g if and only if {i: f(i) > g(i)} is finite. Let b denote the smallest cardinality of a unbounded (in the sense of =
The Dijet Mass Spectrum and a Search for Quark Compositeness in bar{p}p Collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the DZero detector at the 1.8 TeV pbarp Fermilab Tevatron collider, we have measured the inclusive dijet mass spectrum in the central pseudorapidity region |eta_jet| < 1.0 for dijet masses greater than 200 Gev/c^2. We have also measured the ratio of spectra sigma(|eta_jet| < 0.5)/sigma(0.5 < |eta_jet| < 1.0). The order alpha_s^3 QCD predictions are in good agreement with the data and we rule out models of quark compositeness with a contact interaction scale < 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Using a Recurrent Neural Network to Reconstruct Quantum Dynamics of a Superconducting Qubit from Physical Observations
Creators: name: Flurin, Emmanuel
name: Martin, Leigh S.
name: Hacohen-Gourgy, Shay
name: Siddiqi, Irfan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At its core, Quantum Mechanics is a theory developed to describe fundamental observations in the spectroscopy of solids and gases. Despite these practical roots, however, quantum theory is infamous for being highly counterintuitive, largely due to its intrinsically probabilistic nature. Neural networks have recently emerged as a powerful tool that can extract non-trivial correlations in vast datasets. They routinely outperform state-of-the-art techniques in language translation, medical diagnosis and image recognition. It remains to be seen if neural networks can be trained to predict stochastic quantum evolution without a priori specifying the rules of quantum theory. Here, we demonstrate that a recurrent neural network can be trained in real time to infer the individual quantum trajectories associated with the evolution of a superconducting qubit under unitary evolution, decoherence and continuous measurement from raw observations only. The network extracts the system Hamiltonian, measurement operators and physical parameters. It is also able to perform tomography of an unknown initial state without any prior calibration. This method has potential to greatly simplify and enhance tasks in quantum systems such as noise characterization, parameter estimation, feedback and optimization of quantum control.
Cumulative Parity Violation in Supernovae
Creators: name: Horowitz, C. J.
name: Li, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernovae provide a unique opportunity for large scale parity violation because they are dominated by neutrinos. We calculate the parity violating asymmetry A of neutrino emission in a strong magnetic field. We assume the neutrinos elastically scatter many times from slightly polarized neutrons. Because of multple interactions, A grows with the optical thickness of the proto-neutron star and may be much larger than previous estimates. As a result, the neutron star could recoil at a significant velocity.
description: 5 pages 1 included ps figure