cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Black Hole Ultra-compact X-ray Binaries: Galactic Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Sources
Creators: name: Qin, Ke
name: Jiang, Long
name: Chen, Wen-Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Galaxy, close binaries with compact objects are important low-frequency gravitational wave (GW) sources. As potential low-frequency GW sources, neutron star/white dwarf (WD) ultra-compact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) have been investigated extensively. Using the MESA code, we systematically explored the evolution of black hole (BH)-main sequence star (MS) binaries to diagnose whether their descendants can be detected by space-borne GW detectors. Our simulations show that BH-MS binaries with an initial orbital period less than the bifurcation period can evolve into BH UCXBs that can be detected by LISA. Such an evolutionary channel would form compact mass-transferring BH-WD systems rather than detached BH-WD systems. The calculated X-ray luminosities of BH UCXBs detected by LISA at a distance $d=1$ kpc are $\sim10^{33}-10^{35}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}$ ($\sim10^{34}-10^{35}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}$ for $d=10$ kpc), hence it is possible to detect their electromagnetic counterparts. It is worth emphasizing only some BH-MS systems with an initial orbital period very close to the bifurcation period can evolve toward low-frequency GW sources whose chirp masses can be measured. The maximum GW frequency of BH UCXBs forming by BH-MS pathway is about 3 mHz, which is smaller than the minimum GW frequency (6.4 mHz) of mass-transferring BH-WD originating from a dynamic process. Furthermore, we obtain an initial parameter space (donor-star masses and orbital periods) of progenitors of BH UCXB-GW sources, which can be applied to future population synthesis simulations. By a rough estimation, we predict that LISA could detect only a few BH UCXB-GW sources forming by the BH-MS channel.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. ApJ in press
The ratio of the beauty structure functions $R^b = F^b_L/F^b_2$ at low x
Creators: name: Boroun, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure functions $F_{k}^{b}(x,Q^{2})$ ($k=2, L$) and the reduced cross section $σ_{r}^{b}(x,Q^{2})$ for small values of Bjorken$^{,}$s $x$ variable with respect to the hard (Lipatov) pomeron for the gluon distribution and provide a compact formula for the ratio $R^{b}$ that is useful to extract the beauty structure function from the beauty reduced cross section, in particular at DESY HERA. Also we show that the effects of the nonlinear corrections to the gluon distribution tame the behavior of the beauty structure function and the beauty reduced cross section at low $x$.
description: 12 pages, 5 figurs, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:hep-ph/0603017 by other authors
Parallel inexact Newton-Krylov and quasi-Newton solvers for nonlinear elasticity
Creators: name: Barnafi, Nicolás A.
name: Pavarino, Luca F.
name: Scacchi, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6; G.1.8; G.4

description: In this work, we address the implementation and performance of inexact Newton-Krylov and quasi-Newton algorithms, more specifically the BFGS method, for the solution of the nonlinear elasticity equations, and compare them to a standard Newton-Krylov method. This is done through a systematic analysis of the performance of the solvers with respect to the problem size, the magnitude of the data and the number of processors in both almost incompressible and incompressible mechanics. We consider three test cases: Cook's membrane (static, almost incompressible), a twist test (static, incompressible) and a cardiac model (complex material, time dependent, almost incompressible). Our results suggest that quasi-Newton methods should be preferred for compressible mechanics, whereas inexact Newton-Krylov methods should be preferred for incompressible problems. We show that these claims are also backed up by the convergence analysis of the methods. In any case, all methods present adequate performance, and provide a significant speed-up over the standard Newton-Krylov method, with a CPU time reduction exceeding 50% in the best cases.
The Collisional and Photoionized Plasma in the Polarized NLS1 galaxy Mrk 1239
Creators: name: Buhariwalla, Margaret Z.
name: Gallo, Luigi C.
name: Mao, J.
name: Komossa, S.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Gonzalez, A
name: Grupe, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mrk 1239 is a highly polarized NLS1 in the optical band, whose $0.3-3$ keV spectrum has remained remarkably consistent over more than two decades of observation. Previous analysis of this object suggested that the soft X-ray band was dominated by emission lines (collisionally and/or photoionized) from the distant host galaxy as the X-ray emission from the central engine was highly obscured. New XMM-Newton data of Mrk 1239 are presented here to investigate the soft X-ray band of this galaxy with high resolution. The first RGS spectra of this source reveal a plethora of ionized emission lines originating from two distinct plasmas, one collisionally ionized and the other photoionized at approximately equal brightness. The best fit model uses {\sc apec} and {\sc xstar} grids to account for the collisionally ionized and photoionized components, respectively. The fit improves significantly if the photoionized material is allowed to outflow at $\approx 500$ km s$^{-1}$, matching the outflow velocity of the forbidden O{\sc vii} emission line. From constraints on the ionization and density of the photoionized material we can estimate the location of it to be no further than a few pc from the central source, around the outer radius of the torus, which is consistent with the O{\sc vii}$(f)$ emission line. Properties of the collisionally ionized plasma are consistent with star formation rate (SFR) of $\approx 3 M_{\odot} \textrm{yr}^{-1}$, which is comparable with several previous measurements of the SFR in this galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 13 pages
Validation of the Gen-Probe Aptima Qualitative HIV-1 RNA Assay for Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Infants
Creators: name: Fiscus, S. A.
name: McMillion, T.
name: Miller, W. C.
name: Nelson, J. A. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The qualitative Roche HIV-1 DNA Amplicor assay has been used for the past 20 years to diagnose HIV infection in infants and young children but is being phased out; hence, alternative assays must be found. The Gen-Probe Aptima qualitative HIV-1 RNA assay is currently the only FDA-cleared HIV-1 nucleic acid assay approved for diagnosis, but data on the use of this assay with infant plasma are limited. We assessed Aptima's performance using control material for reproducibility and limit of detection and 394 plasma samples (0.2 to 0.5 ml) from HIV-exposed infected and uninfected infants and children for analytical sensitivity and specificity. Assays to assess within-run repeatability and between-run reproducibility indicated that the controls with 10,000 (5 of 5), 200 (5 of 5), 100 (16 of 16), 50 (12 of 12), and 25 (20 of 20) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (cp/ml) were always positive, and negatives were always negative (20 of 20). The limit of detection was 14 cp/ml, as determined by probit analysis. The analytic sensitivity of the assay was 99.5% (189/190 samples; 95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 99.9%) and specificity was 99.5% (199/200 samples; 95% CI, 97.2 to 99.9%). These results suggest that the assay is suitable for early infant diagnosis of HIV-1.
Inequality in Education: A Comparison of Australian Indigenous and Nonindigenous Populations
Creators: name: Gunawan, David
name: Griffiths, William
name: Chotikapanich, Duangkamon
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Educational achievement distributions for Australian indigenous and nonindigenous populations in the years 2001, 2006, 2014 and 2017 are considered. Bayesian inference is used to analyse how these ordinal categorical distributions have changed over time and to compare indigenous and nonindigenous distributions. Both the level of educational achievement and inequality in educational achievement are considered. To compare changes in levels over time, as well as inequality between the two populations, first order stochastic dominance and an index of educational poverty are used. To examine changes in inequality over time, two inequality indices and generalised Lorenz dominance are considered. Results are presented in terms of posterior densities for the indices and posterior probabilities for dominance for the dominance comparisons. We find some evidence of improvement over time, especially in the lower parts of the indigenous distribution and that inequality has significantly increased from 2001 to 2017.
Numerical investigations on the influence of the weld surface and die geometry on the resulting tensile stresses in the joining zone during an extrusion process
Creators: name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
name: Duran, Deniz
name: Uhe, Johanna
name: Matthias, Tim
Publisher: name: Liège : ULiège Library
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Extrusion
subject: Finite element method
subject: Hybrid component
subject: Steel-aluminium
subject: Tailored forming
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Bulk metal components are often used in areas which are subjected to very high loads. For most technical components, a distinction between structural and functional areas can be made. These areas usually have very different loading profiles, sometimes with contradictory requirements. Nevertheless, nowadays almost only monomaterials are used for the production of bulk metal components. With increasing requirements towards more and more efficient products with lower weight, compact design and extended functionality, these materials are reaching their material-specific limits. A significant increase of product quality and economic efficiency can be expected exclusively with locally adapted properties by combining different materials within one component. In this regard, the focus of this contribution is the production of a hybrid pinion shaft made of the material combination steel (37CrS4) and aluminium (AW6082). The tool concept for extrusion of the hybrid preform, the simulation-based design of the forming process as well as the material characterisation are presented. With the help of the FE-simulation, different serially arranged semi-finished component geometries were investigated in order to minimise the occurring tensile stresses in the component during the extrusion process to prevent failure during forming.
title: O elogio do marxismo, em Graciliano Ramos
Creators: name: Falchero Falleiros, Marcos
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2013

description: Resumo:

O marxismo independente de Graciliano Ramos dirige a construção de sua literatura, sem transformá-la em romance de tese. De maneira subjacente e verdadeiramente dialética, o autor assimila em sua obra uma profusão de sutilezas formais sob o regime da conceptualização marxista.

Abstract:

The independent Marxism of Graciliano Ramos directs the construction of his literature, although not turning it into thesis novels. In an underlying and truly dialectical way, the author takes into his work a profusion of formal subtleties under the regime of Marxist conceptualization.
description: KRYPTON – VOL.1 – 2013 – APOLOGIE
Predicting missing links and their weights via reliable-route-based method
Creators: name: Zhao, Jing
name: Miao, Lili
name: Fang, Haiyang
name: Zhang, Qian-Ming
name: Nie, Min
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Link prediction aims to uncover missing links or predict the emergence of future relationships according to the current networks structure. Plenty of algorithms have been developed for link prediction in unweighted networks, with only a very few of them having been extended to weighted networks. Thus far, how to predict weights of links is important but rarely studied. In this Letter, we present a reliable-route-based method to extend unweighted local similarity indices to weighted indices and propose a method to predict both the link existence and link weights accordingly. Experiments on different real networks suggest that the weighted resource allocation index has the best performance to predict the existence of links, while the reliable-route-based weighted resource allocation index performs noticeably better on weight prediction. Further analysis shows a strong correlation for both link prediction and weight prediction: the larger the clustering coefficient, the higher the prediction accuracy.
description: 5 pages, 4 tables
Critical avalanches of Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible dynamics in finite networks
Creators: name: Notarmuzi, Daniele
name: Flammini, Alessandro
name: Castellano, Claudio
name: Radicchi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the avalanche temporal statistics of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model when the dynamics is critical and takes place on finite random networks. By considering numerical simulations on annealed topologies we show that the survival probability always exhibits three distinct dynamical regimes. Size-dependent crossover timescales separating them scale differently for homogeneous and for heterogeneous networks. The phenomenology can be qualitatively understood based on known features of the SIS dynamics on networks. A fully quantitative approach based on Langevin theory is shown to perfectly reproduce the results for homogeneous networks, while failing in the heterogeneous case. The analysis is extended to quenched random networks, which behave in agreement with the annealed case for strongly homogeneous and strongly heterogeneous networks.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
A Note on Inequality Measures for Mixtures of Double Pareto-Lognormal Distributions
Creators: name: Griffiths, William
name: Chotikapanich, Duangkamon
name: Hajargasht, Gholamreza
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Formulas are derived for the Gini, Theil and Pietra coefficients for a population-weighted mixture of double Pareto-lognormal distributions; they are applied to South America for two years. Results are also provided for the special case Pareto-lognormal and lognormal distributions. The formulas are useful for measuring regional or global inequality in large-scale projects that utilise double Pareto-lognormal distributions or their special cases.
Quantum SMEFT tomography: top quark pair production at the LHC
Creators: name: Aoude, Rafael
name: Madge, Eric
name: Maltoni, Fabio
name: Mantani, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information observables, such as entanglement measures, provide a powerful way to characterize the properties of quantum states. We propose to use them to probe the structure of fundamental interactions and to search for new physics at high energy. Inspired by recent proposals to measure entanglement of top quark pairs produced at the LHC, we examine how higher-dimensional operators in the framework of the SMEFT modify the Standard Model expectations. We explore two regions of interest in the phase space where the Standard Model produces maximally entangled states: at threshold and in the high-energy limit. We unveil a non-trivial pattern of effects, which depend on the initial state partons, $q\bar q$ or $gg$, on whether only linear or up to quadratic SMEFT contributions are included, and on the phase space region. In general, we find that higher-dimensional effects lower the entanglement predicted in the Standard Model.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures + appendix; v2: minor changes, published version
A Quality Control Program within a Clinical Trial Consortium for PCR Protocols To Detect Plasmodium Species
Creators: name: Mombo-Ngoma, G.
name: Adegnika, A. A.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Menendez, C.
name: Cistero, P.
name: Njie, F.
name: Mkali, H.
name: Verweij, J. J.
name: Menegon, M.
name: Kenguele, H. M.
name: Kariuki, S.
name: Severini, C.
name: Taylor, S. M.
name: Otieno, K.
name: Mwangoka, G.
name: Valecha, N.
name: Clark, M. A.
name: Affara, M.
name: ter Kuile, F. O.
name: Mayor, A.
name: Ouedraogo, S.
name: Singh, J. P. N.
name: Ndam, N. T.
name: Macete, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Malaria parasite infections that are only detectable by molecular methods are highly prevalent and represent a potential transmission reservoir. The methods used to detect these infections are not standardized, and their operating characteristics are often unknown. We designed a proficiency panel of Plasmodium spp. in order to compare the accuracy of parasite detection of molecular protocols used by labs in a clinical trial consortium. Ten dried blood spots (DBSs) were assembled that contained P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale; DBSs contained either a single species or a species mixed with P. falciparum. DBS panels were tested in 9 participating laboratories in a masked fashion. Of 90 tests, 68 (75.6%) were correct; there were 20 false-negative results and 2 false positives. The detection rate was 77.8% (49/63) for P. falciparum, 91.7% (11/12) for P. vivax, 83.3% (10/12) for P. malariae, and 70% (7/10) for P. ovale. Most false-negative P. falciparum results were from samples with an estimated ≤5 parasites per μl of blood. Between labs, accuracy ranged from 100% to 50%. In one lab, the inability to detect species in mixed-species infections prompted a redesign and improvement of the assay. Most PCR-based protocols were able to detect P. falciparum and P. vivax at higher densities, but these assays may not reliably detect parasites in samples with low P. falciparum densities. Accordingly, formal quality assurance for PCR should be employed whenever this method is used for diagnosis or surveillance. Such efforts will be important if PCR is to be widely employed to assist malaria elimination efforts.
Intersectionalities and Perceived Discrimination in German Research Organizations: A Post-Soviet Migrant Women’s Perspective
Creators: name: Gewinner, Irina Valerie
Publisher: name: Bingley : Emerald Publishing Limited
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gender and migration
subject: German academia
subject: Intersectionality
subject: Perceived discrimination
subject: Post-Soviet migrant women scholars
subject: Research organizations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::360 | Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: This chapter deals with the perception of (sensed) discrimination and the coping strategies of Russian-speaking female scholars in Germany and applies an intersectional approach between culture, migration, gender and social background. Based on telephone interviews, the study aims to contribute to the discussion on discrimination in research environments and individuals' professional integration by exploring narratives of migration and work in 13 women who migrated from the former Soviet Union (FSU) to Germany from 1990s to 2010s. Based on the findings, the author derives implications for policy and practice, such as a recommendation to implement introductory conversations with newcomers to reduce culture clash in competitive work contexts.
IGM Heating in Fossil Galaxy Groups
Creators: name: Miraghaei, H.
name: Khosroshahi, H. G.
name: Klöckner, H. -R.
name: Ponman, T. J.
name: Jetha, N. N.
name: Raychaudhury, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study intergalactic medium (IGM) heating in a sample of five fossil galaxy groups by using their radio properties at 610 MHz and 1.4 GHz. The power by radio jets introducing mechanical heating for the sampled objects is not sufficient enough to suppress the cooling flow. Therefore, we discussed shock-, vortex heating, and conduction as alternative heating processes. Further, the 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz radio luminosities of fossil groups are compared to a sample of normal galaxy groups of the same radio brightest (BGGs), stellar mass, and total group stellar mass, quantified using the $K$-band luminosity. It appears that the fossil BGGs are under luminous at 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz for a given BGG stellar mass and luminosity, in comparison to a general population of the groups. In addition, we explore how the bolometric radio luminosity of fossil sample depends on clusters and groups characteristics. Using the HIghest X-ray FLUx Galaxy Cluster Sample (HIFLUGCS) as a control sample we found that the large-scale behaviours of fossil galaxy groups are consistent with their relaxed and virialised nature.
description: 17 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Active nematic flows on curved surfaces
Creators: name: Bell, Samuel
name: Lin, Shao-Zhen
name: Rupprecht, Jean-François
name: Prost, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cell monolayers are a central model system to tissue biophysics. In vivo, epithelial tissues are curved on the scale of microns, and curvature's role in the onset of spontaneous tissue flows is still not well-understood. Here, we present a hydrodynamic theory for an apical-basal asymmetric active nematic gel on a curved strip. We show that surface curvature qualitatively changes monolayer motion compared to flat space: the resulting flows can be thresholdless, and the transition to motion may change from continuous to discontinuous. Surface curvature, friction and active tractions are all shown to control the flow pattern selected: from simple shear to vortex chains.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 20 supplemental pages, 11 supplemental figures, 2 supplemental movies
Counting of level crossings for inertial random processes: Generalization of the Rice formula
Creators: name: Masoliver, Jaume
name: Palassini, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the counting of level crossings for inertial stochastic processes. We review Rice's approach to the problem and generalize the classical Rice formula to include all Gaussian processes in their most general form. We apply the results to some second-order (i.e., inertial) processes of physical interest, such as Brownian motion, random acceleration and noisy harmonic oscillators. For all models we obtain the exact crossing intensities and discuss their long- and short-time dependence. We illustrate these results with numerical simulations.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures. Minor changes in title and some figure captions
title: Λειτουργική φασματοσκοπία κοντά στο υπέρυθρο
title: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Πύλιος, Θωμάς
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Λειτουργική φασματοσκοπία

description: Η λειτουργική φασματοσκοπία κοντά στο υπέρυθρο (Functional near-infrared spectroscopy - fNIRS) είναι μια μη επεμβατική τεχνική νευροαπεικόνισης που μετρά τις αλλαγές στα επίπεδα οξυγόνωσης του αίματος στον εγκέφαλο. Η τεχνική βασίζεται στην αρχή ότι όταν εμφανίζεται νευρική δραστηριότητα σε μια συγκεκριμένη περιοχή του εγκεφάλου, η ροή του αίματος και τα επίπεδα οξυγόνωσης αυξάνονται σε αυτήν την περιοχή. Το fNIRS μετρά αυτές τις αλλαγές στα επίπεδα οξυγόνωσης του αίματος εκπέμποντας εγγύς υπέρυθρο φως στο τριχωτό της κεφαλής και μετρώντας το φως που μεταδίδεται και επιστρέφει μέσω του ιστού. Το fNIRS μπορεί να παρέχει πολύτιμες γνώσεις για τη δραστηριότητα του εγκεφάλου και τις γνωστικές διαδικασίες. Έχει πολλά πλεονεκτήματα έναντι άλλων τεχνικών νευροαπεικόνισης, όπως η μη επεμβατικότητα, η φορητότητα και η καταλληλότητά του για χρήση σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα πληθυσμών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των βρεφών και των ατόμων με κινητικές διαταραχές. Είναι επίσης σχετικά ασφαλές, καθώς δεν χρησιμοποιεί ιονίζουσα ακτινοβολία ή μαγνητικά πεδία. Ωστόσο, το fNIRS έχει επίσης ορισμένους περιορισμούς. Έχει χαμηλότερη χωρική ανάλυση σε σύγκριση με άλλες τεχνικές νευροαπεικόνισης όπως το fMRI, που σημαίνει ότι δεν μπορεί να παρέχει λεπτομερείς πληροφορίες για συγκεκριμένες περιοχές του εγκεφάλου. Έχει επίσης περιορισμένο βάθος διείσδυσης, που σημαίνει ότι δεν μπορεί να μετρήσει τις βαθιές δομές του εγκεφάλου. Το fNIRS είναι επίσης ευαίσθητο σε εξωεγκεφαλικά σήματα όπως η αιμοδυναμική του τριχωτού της κεφαλής και του κρανίου, τα οποία μπορούν να μολύνουν το σήμα και να επηρεάσουν την ποιότητα των δεδομένων. Παρά αυτούς τους περιορισμούς, το fNIRS είναι ένα πολύτιμο εργαλείο για τη μελέτη της εγκεφαλικής λειτουργίας και έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί σε ποικίλες εφαρμογές όπως η γνωστική νευροεπιστήμη, η κλινική νευροαπεικόνιση και η διεπαφή εγκεφάλου-υπολογιστή. Οι συνεχείς εξελίξεις στο υλικό και τις τεχνικές ανάλυσης συνεχίζουν να ενισχύουν τις δυνατότητες του fNIRS, καθιστώντας το ένα όλο και πιο δημοφιλές και σημαντικό εργαλείο στον τομέα της νευροεπιστήμης
Magnetism in four-layered Aurivillius Bi$_5$FeTi$_3$O$_{15}$ at high pressures : A nuclear forward scattering study
Creators: name: Prajapat, Deepak
name: Surampalli, Akash
name: Panchwanee, Anjali
name: Meneghini, Carlo
name: Sergeev, Ilya
name: Leubold, Olaf
name: Velaga, Srihari
name: Merlini, Marco
name: Glazyrin, Konstantin
name: Steinbrügge, René
name: Jafari, Atefeh
name: Poswal, Himashu Kumar
name: Sathe, V. G.
name: Reddy, V. Raghavendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the structural and magnetic properties of four-layer Aurivillius compound Bi$_5$FeTi$_3$O$_{15}$ (BFTO) at high hydrostatic pressure conditions. The high-pressure XRD data does not explicitly show structural phase transitions with hydrostatic pressure, however the observed changes in lattice parameters indicate structural modifications at different pressure values. In the initial pressure region values, the lattice parameters $\textit{a}$- and $\textit{b}$- are nearly equal implying a quasi-tetragonal structure, however as the pressure increases $\textit{a}$- and $\textit{b}$- diverges apart and exhibits complete orthorhombic phase at pressure values of about $\geq$8 GPa. Principal component analysis of high pressure Raman measurements point out an evident change in the local structure at about 5.5 GPa indicating that the evolution of the local structure under applied pressure seems to not follow crystallographic changes (long range order). Nuclear forward scattering (NFS) measurement reveal the development of magnetic ordering in BFTO at 5K with high pressures. A progressive increase in magnetic order is observed with increase in pressure at 5K. Further, NFS measurements carried out at constant pressure (6.4GPa) and different temperatures indicate that the developed magnetism disappears at higher temperatures (20K). It is attempted to explain these observations in terms of the observed structural parameter variation with pressure.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Promoting Diversity and Combatting Discrimination in Research Organizations: A Practitioner’s Guide
Creators: name: Striebing, Clemens
name: Müller, Jörg
name: Schraudner, Martina
name: Gewinner, Irina Valerie
name: Morales, Patricia Guerrero
name: Hochfeld, Katharina
name: Hoffman, Shekinah
name: Kmec, Julie A.
name: Nguyen, Huu Minh
name: Schneider, Jannick
name: Sheridan, Jennifer
name: Steuer-Dankert, Linda
name: O’Connor, Lindsey Trimble
name: Vandevelde-Rougale, Agnès
Publisher: name: Bingley : Emerald Publishing Limited
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bullying
subject: Inclusive work climate
subject: Lessons learned
subject: Policy recommendations
subject: Recommendations for actions
subject: Sexual harassment
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::360 | Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: The essay is addressed to practitioners in research management and from academic leadership. It describes which measures can contribute to creating an inclusive climate for research teams and preventing and effectively dealing with discrimination. The practical recommendations consider the policy and organizational levels, as well as the individual perspective of research managers. Following a series of basic recommendations, six lessons learned are formulated, derived from the contributions to the edited collection on "Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations."
OpTiDDM (Optical Tweezers integrating Differential Dynamic Microscopy) maps the spatiotemporal propagation of nonlinear stresses in polymer blends and composites
Creators: name: Peddireddy, Karthik R.
name: Clairmont, Ryan
name: Neill, Philip
name: McGorty, Ryan
name: Robertson-Anderson, Rae M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How local stresses propagate through polymeric fluids, and, more generally, how macromolecular dynamics give rise to viscoelasticity are open questions vital to wide-ranging scientific and industrial fields. Here, to unambiguously connect polymer dynamics to force response, and map stress propagation in macromolecular materials, we present a powerful approach-Optical Tweezers integrating Differential Dynamic Microscopy (OpTiDMM)-that simultaneously imposes local strains, measures resistive forces, and analyzes the motion of the surrounding polymers. Our measurements with blends of ring and linear polymers (DNA) and their composites with stiff polymers (microtubules) uncover a surprising resonant response, in which affine alignment, superdiffusivity, and elastic memory are maximized when the strain rate is comparable to the entanglement rate. Microtubules suppress this resonance, while substantially increasing elastic force and memory, due to varying degrees to which the polymers buildup, stretch and flow along the strain path, and configurationally dissipate stress. More broadly, the rich multi-scale coupling of mechanics and dynamics afforded by OpTiDDM, empowers its interdisciplinary use to elucidate non-trivial phenomena that sculpt stress propagation dynamics-critical to commercial applications and cell mechanics alike.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures
Hermitian and unitary almost-companion matrices of polynomials on demand
Creators: name: Markovich, L. A.
name: Migliore, A.
name: Messina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of Almost-Companion Matrix (ACM) by relaxing the non-derogatory property of the standard Companion Matrix (CM). That is, we define an ACM as a matrix whose characteristic polynomial coincides with a given monic and generally complex polynomial. The greater flexibility inherent in the ACM concept, compared to CM, allows the construction of ACMs that have convenient matrix structures satisfying desired additional conditions, compatibly with specific properties of the polynomial coefficients. We demonstrate the construction of Hermitian and Unitary ACMs starting from appropriate third degree polynomials, with implications for their use in physical-mathematical problems such as the parameterization of the Hamiltonian, density, or evolution matrix of a qutrit. We show that the ACM provides a means of identifying properties of a given polynomial and finding its roots. For example, we describe the ACM-based solution of cubic complex algebraic equations without resorting to the use of the Cardano-Dal Ferro formulas. We also show the necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients of a polynomial for it to represent the characteristic polynomial of a unitary ACM. The presented approach can be generalized to complex polynomials of higher degree.
description: 26 pages
Watching the Clocks: Interpreting the Page-Wootters Formalism and the Internal Quantum Reference Frame Programme
Creators: name: Adlam, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some difficulties that arise in attempting to interpret the Page-Wootters and Internal Quantum Reference Frames formalisms, then use a 'final measurement' approach to demonstrate that there is a workable single-world realist interpretation for these formalisms. We note that it is necessary to adopt some interpretation before we can determine if the 'reference frames' invoked in these approaches are operationally meaningful, and we argue that without a clear operational interpretation, such reference frames might not be suitable to define an equivalence principle. We argue that the notion of superposition should take into account the way in which an instantaneous state is embedded in ongoing dynamical evolution, and this leads to a more nuanced way of thinking about the relativity of superposition in these approaches. We conclude that typically the operational content of these approaches appears only in the limit as the size of at least one reference system becomes large, and therefore these formalisms have an important role to play in showing how our macroscopic reference frames can emerge out of wholly relational facts.
Towards a Multiagent Decision Support System for crisis Management
Creators: name: Kebair, Fahem
name: Serin, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Crisis management is a complex problem raised by the scientific community currently. Decision support systems are a suitable solution for such issues, they are indeed able to help emergency managers to prevent and to manage crisis in emergency situations. However, they should be enough flexible and adaptive in order to be reliable to solve complex problems that are plunged in dynamic and unpredictable environments. The approach we propose in this paper addresses this challenge. We expose here a modelling of information for an emergency environment and an architecture of a multiagent decision support system that deals with these information in order to prevent and to manage the occur of a crisis in emergency situations. We focus on the first level of the system mechanism which intends to perceive and to reflect the evolution of the current situation. The general approach and experimentations are provided here.
description: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0907.0499
Instruktionen der Kongregation des Heiligen Offiziums über die "Ökumenische Bewegung"
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 4 Nr. 7 (1949): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 4, Heft 7
Clinical Characteristics Associated with Mycoplasma genitalium among Female Sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya
Creators: name: Gokhale, M.
name: Patel, S.
name: Mugo, N.
name: Smith, J. S.
name: Ting, J.
name: Kimani, J.
name: Gomih-Alakija, A.
name: Getman, D.
name: Chitwa, M.
name: Kwatampora, J.
name: Behets, F. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium is high in vulnerable populations of women in low-resource settings. However, the epidemiology of infection in these populations is not well established. To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and its association with cervical cytology and other correlates, we recruited 350 female sex workers (FSW) who were 18 to 50 years old in Nairobi, Kenya, for a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered at baseline to obtain information on sociodemographics and sexual behaviors. Women underwent a pelvic exam, during which a physician collected cervical-exfoliation samples for conventional cytology and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Samples were tested for M. genitalium and other STI organisms (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis) and the E6/E7 mRNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) by Aptima nucleic amplification assays. The prevalence of M. genitalium was 12.9%. FSW who engaged in sexual intercourse during menses were less likely to have M. genitalium infection than those who did not (odds ratio [OR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.1, 0.9). M. genitalium was also less prevalent among FSW who had worked in prostitution for >5 years (6.2%) than among those who had worked for <3 years (17.6%) (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1, 0.8). FSW who reported more frequent condom use were more likely to be infected with M. genitalium than those who reported less frequent use (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2, 11.6). These correlates differ from those found in M. genitalium studies conducted with FSW from West Africa and China. Further longitudinal analyses assessing associations with persistent M. genitalium infection are needed.
Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models with Time-Varying Parameters: Estimation and Asymptotics
Creators: name: Pourkhanali, Armin
name: Keith, Jonathan
name: Zhang, Xibin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper proposes using Chebyshev polynomials to approximate time-varying parameters of a GARCH model, where polynomial coefficients are estimated via numerical optimization using the function gradient descent method. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the estimates of polynomial coefficients and the subsequent estimate of conditional variance. Monte Carlo studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed polynomial approximation. With empirical studies of modelling daily returns of the US 30-year T-bond daily closing price and daily returns of the gold futures closing price, we find that in terms of in-sample fitting and out-of-sample forecasting, our proposed time-varying model outperforms the constant-parameter counterpart and a benchmark time-varying model.
Comparison of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test and the CSF Rapid Plasma Reagin Test with the CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test for Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis among HIV-Negative Syphilis Patients in China
Creators: name: Zhu, L.
name: Sena, A. C.
name: Wang, C.
name: Zhou, P.
name: Shi, M.
name: Gu, X.
name: Guan, Z.
name: Peng, R.-R.
name: Gao, Y.
name: Gao, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In this study, we aimed to investigate the performance of nontreponemal antibody tests in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from syphilis patients. From September 2009 to September 2012, CSF specimens were collected at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital in Shanghai, China, from 1,132 syphilis patients without HIV infection, including 154 with symptomatic and 56 with asymptomatic neurosyphilis. All of the CSF specimens underwent testing with a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, an RPR-V (commercial RPR antigen diluted 1:2 in 10% saline) test, the toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST), and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Specificities, sensitivities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), and kappa values were calculated to determine the performances of the tests. We compared results of the CSF-VDRL, CSF-RPR, CSF-RPR-V, and CSF-TRUST among patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic neurosyphilis who had reactive CSF-Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test results. Overall, the CSF-VDRL test was reactive in 261 patients (23.1%). There were no cases in which the CSF-VDRL was nonreactive and CSF-RPR, CSF-RPR-V, or CSF-TRUST was reactive. Agreement between the results of CSF-TRUST and CSF-RPR was almost perfect (κ = 0.861), with substantial agreement between the results of CSF-RPR and CSF-RPR-V (κ = 0.740). The sensitivities of CSF-VDRL, CSF-RPR, CSF-RPR-V, and CSF-TRUST were 81.4%, 76.2%, 79.5%, and 76.2%, respectively. Compared to CSF-VDRL, CSF-RPR, CSF-RPR-V, and CSF-TRUST had comparable PPVs and NPVs. However, the specificity of CSF-VDRL (90.3%) was significantly lower than those of the other tests (92.7 to 93.4%). Therefore, CSF-RPR, CSF-RPR-V, and CSF-TRUST can be considered alternative tests for neurosyphilis diagnosis in HIV-negative populations, particularly when the CSF-VDRL is not available.
Inconsistent illusory motion in predictive coding deep neural networks
Creators: name: Kirubeswaran, O. R.
name: Storrs, Katherine R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Why do we perceive illusory motion in some static images? Several accounts have been proposed based on eye movements, response latencies to different image elements, or interactions between image patterns and motion energy detectors. Recently, PredNet, a recurrent deep neural network (DNN) based on predictive coding principles, was reported to reproduce the "Rotating Snakes" illusion, suggesting a role for predictive coding in illusory motion. We replicate this finding and then use a series of "in silico psychophysics" experiments to examine whether PredNet behaves consistently with human observers for simplified variants of the illusory stimuli. We also measure response latencies to individual elements of the Rotating Snakes pattern by probing internal units in the network. A pretrained PredNet model predicted illusory motion for all subcomponents of the Rotating Snakes stimulus, consistent with human observers. However, we found no simple response delays in internal units, as found in physiological data. The PredNet model's detection of motion in gradients was based on contrast, not luminance, as it is in human perception. Finally, we tested the robustness of the illusion on 10 identical PredNets trained on the same video data; we found a large variation in the ability of the network to reproduce the illusion and predict motion for simplified variants of the illusion. Also, unlike human observers, none of the networks predicted illusory motion for greyscale variants of the pattern. Even when a DNN successfully reproduces some idiosyncrasy of human vision, a more detailed investigation can reveal inconsistencies between humans and the network and between different instances of the same network. The inconsistency of the Rotating Snakes illusion in PredNets trained from different initializations suggests that predictive coding does not reliably lead to human-like illusory motion.
description: Published in vision research (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108195)
Acceptance Analysis of Electric Heavy Trucks and Battery Swapping Stations in the German Market
Creators: name: Noto, Florian
name: Mostofi, Hamid
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr::388 Verkehr; Landverkehr
subject: electric heavy trucks
subject: acceptance model
subject: battery swapping station
subject: sustainable transportation

description: Heavy-duty vehicles are a major contributor to CO2 emissions in the transportation sector, and it is necessary to develop clean and green technologies to replace diesel trucks. Electric trucks have not reached a breakthrough in the German market. In addition to technology development, customer acceptance of new technologies is a critical factor in the success of sustainable transportation policies. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the perceptions regarding electric trucks and providing insights into the acceptance of these technologies. Data and arguments on the expected risks and benefits of heavy-duty electric trucks, with a special focus on the battery swapping solution, were collected through a survey and expert interviews in the German commercial transport sector. The authors collected a sample of 146 qualitative responses and 61 individual statements on the expected risks and benefits of electric trucks and battery swapping. While the responses to the classified questions are overwhelmingly positive, the individual statements show that there are still many open questions.
The upper critical field in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-xSex (x = 0, 0.3)
Creators: name: Kiyama, Ryosuke
name: Hoshi, Kazuhisa
name: Goto, Yosuke
name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the upper critical field (Bc2) in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-xSex (x = 0, 0.3). Single crystals of CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-xSex (x = 0, 0.3) were grown using the flux method. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed that the crystal structure at room temperature is tetragonal (P4/nmm). Through electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements, bulk superconductivity was observed in all samples. For CeOBiS1.7Se0.3, the in-plane Bc2 is smaller than the conventional orbital limit and Pauli limit, suggesting that ferromagnetic ordering, which has been observed in a related Ce-containing BiCh2-based compound, affects Bc2 and superconductivity. In contrast, high in-plane Bc2 was observed for PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-xSex (x = 0, 0.3). We propose that the in-plane Bc2 is enhanced by antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling, which arises from the lack of local inversion symmetry.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, SI
Strange Quark Star Model with Quadratic Equation of State
Creators: name: Malaver, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we studied the behaviour of compact relativistic objects with anisotropic matter distribution considering quadratic equation of state of Feroze and Siddiqui (2011). We specify the gravitational potential Z(x) in order to integrate the fields equations and there has been calculated the energy density, the radial pressure, the anisotropy and the mass function. The new solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system of equations are found in term of elementary functions. For n=2, we have obtained the expressions for mass function, energy density, radius and metric functions of the model of Thirukkanesh and Ragel (2012) with polytropic equation of state.
description: Anisotropic matter distribution; Quadratic Equation of State; Gravitational potential; Radial pressure