cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ferro-self-assembly: Magnetic and electrochemical adaptation of a multiresponsive zwitterionic metalloamphiphile showing a shape-hysteresis effect
Creators: name: Bitter, Stefan
name: Schlötter, Moritz
name: Schilling, Markus
name: Krumova, Marina
name: Polarz, Sebastian
name: Winter, Rainer F.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : RSC
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Amphiphiles
subject: Anisotropy
subject: Iron compounds
subject: Light scattering
subject: Metal complexes
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Metallosurfactants are molecular compounds which combine the unique features of amphiphiles, like their capability of self-organization, with the peculiar properties of metal complexes like magnetism and a rich redox chemistry. Considering the high relevance of surfactants in industry and science, amphiphiles that change their properties on applying an external trigger are highly desirable. A special feature of the surfactant reported here, 1-(Z)-heptenyl-1′-dimethylammonium-methyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ferrocene (6), is that the redox-active ferrocene constituent is in a gemini-position. Oxidation to 6+ induces a drastic change of the surfactant's properties accompanied by the emergence of paramagnetism. The effects of an external magnetic field on vesicles formed by 6+ and the associated dynamics were monitored in situ using a custom-made optical birefringence and dual dynamic light scattering setup. This allowed us to observe the optical anisotropy as well as the anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient and revealed the field-induced formation of oriented string-of-pearls-like aggregates and their delayed disappearance after the field is switched off.
Photon distribution at the output of a beam splitter for imbalanced input states
Creators: name: Nakazato, Hiromichi
name: Pascazio, Saverio
name: Stobińska, Magdalena
name: Yuasa, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Hong--Ou--Mandel interferometric scheme, two identical photons that illuminate a balanced beam splitter always leave through the same exit port. Similar effects have been predicted and (partially) experimentally confirmed for multi-photon Fock-number states. In the limit of large photon numbers, the output distribution follows a $(1-x^2)^{-1/2}$ law, where $x$ is the normalized imbalance in the output photon numbers at the two output ports. We derive an analytical formula that is also valid for imbalanced input photon numbers with a large total number of photons, and focus on the extent to which the hypothesis of perfect balanced input can be relaxed, discussing the robustness and universal features of the output distribution.
Chemically induced hypoxia by dimethyloxalylglycine (dmog)-loaded nanoporous silica nanoparticles supports endothelial tube formation by sustained vegf release from adipose tissue-derived stem cells
Creators: name: Zippusch, Sarah
name: Besecke, Karen F. W.
name: Helms, Florian
name: Klingenberg, Melanie
name: Lyons, Anne
name: Behrens, Peter
name: Haverich, Axel
name: Wilhelmi, Mathias
name: Ehlert, Nina
name: Böer, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells
subject: Dimethyloxalylglycine
subject: Nanoporous silica nanoparticles
subject: Pre-vascularization
subject: Tissue engineering
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Inadequate vascularization leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply in deeper layers of bioartificial tissues remains a limitation in current tissue engineering approaches to which prevascularization offers a promising solution. Hypoxia triggering pre-vascularization by enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression can be induced chemically by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). Nanoporous silica nanoparticles (NPSNPs, or mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MSNs) enable sustained delivery of molecules and potentially release DMOG allowing a durable capillarization of a construct. Here we evaluated the effects of soluble DMOG and DMOG-loaded NPSNPs on VEGF secretion of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) and on tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)-ASC co-cultures. Repeated doses of 100 mM and 500 mM soluble DMOG on ASC resulted in 3- to 7-fold increased VEGF levels on day 9 (P<0.0001). Same doses of DMOG-NPSNPs enhanced VEGF secretion 7.7-fold (P<0.0001) which could be maintained until day 12 with 500 mM DMOG-NPSNPs. In fibrin-based tube formation assays, 100 mM DMOG-NPSNPs had inhibitory effects whereas 50 mM significantly increased tube length, area and number of junctions transiently for 4 days. Thus, DMOG-NPSNPs supported endothelial tube formation by upregulated VEGF secretion from ASC and thus display a promising tool for prevascularization of tissue-engineered constructs. Further studies will evaluate their effect in hydrogels under perfusion.
Torsion of rational elliptic curves over quartic Galois number fields
Creators: name: Chou, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05

description: Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, and let $K$ be a number field of degree four that is Galois over $\mathbb{Q}$. The goal of this article is to classify the different isomorphism types of $E(K)_{\text{tors}}$.
description: To appear in the Journal of Number Theory
Alternative forms of representation of Boolean functions in Cryptographic Information Security Facilities
Creators: name: Sergii, Kushch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The work offers a new approach to the formation of functions which are used in cryptography and cryptanalysis. It will use alternative forms of representation of Boolean functions, that is, those which are different from the classical form, which is formed in a Boolean basis AND-OR-NOT. An example of this is, in particular, the formation of cryptographic functions with the use of alternative forms of representation, namely Cognate-representation of Boolean functions. This form is, by definition, multivariant and allows you to choose the best variant from a plurality of possible and permissible forms. Moreover, criteria of admissibility can be also selected depending on the particular situation, since it is known that an improvement of one criterion usually leads to deterioration of others. The methods suggested in the project, exemplified by Cognate-form representations of Boolean functions, show that the use of alternative forms of representation of Boolean functions in forming of cryptographic functions, algorithms and devices can significantly improve their parameters and properties. And their use in cryptographic means of protection allow to optimize the process of logical design of cryptographic devices and improve the safety performance of information and communication systems.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Improved Polynomial Remainder Sequences for Ore Polynomials
Creators: name: Jaroschek, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Polynomial remainder sequences contain the intermediate results of the Euclidean algorithm when applied to (non-)commutative polynomials. The running time of the algorithm is dependent on the size of the coefficients of the remainders. Different ways have been studied to make these as small as possible. The subresultant sequence of two polynomials is a polynomial remainder sequence in which the size of the coefficients is optimal in the generic case, but when taking the input from applications, the coefficients are often larger than necessary. We generalize two improvements of the subresultant sequence to Ore polynomials and derive a new bound for the minimal coefficient size. Our approach also yields a new proof for the results in the commutative case, providing a new point of view on the origin of the extraneous factors of the coefficients.
Converse bounds for private communication over quantum channels
Creators: name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Berta, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper establishes several converse bounds on the private transmission capabilities of a quantum channel. The main conceptual development builds firmly on the notion of a private state, which is a powerful, uniquely quantum method for simplifying the tripartite picture of privacy involving local operations and public classical communication to a bipartite picture of quantum privacy involving local operations and classical communication. This approach has previously led to some of the strongest upper bounds on secret key rates, including the squashed entanglement and the relative entropy of entanglement. Here we use this approach along with a "privacy test" to establish a general meta-converse bound for private communication, which has a number of applications. The meta-converse allows for proving that any quantum channel's relative entropy of entanglement is a strong converse rate for private communication. For covariant channels, the meta-converse also leads to second-order expansions of relative entropy of entanglement bounds for private communication rates. For such channels, the bounds also apply to the private communication setting in which the sender and receiver are assisted by unlimited public classical communication, and as such, they are relevant for establishing various converse bounds for quantum key distribution protocols conducted over these channels. We find precise characterizations for several channels of interest and apply the methods to establish several converse bounds on the private transmission capabilities of all phase-insensitive bosonic channels.
description: v3: 53 pages, 3 figures, final version accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Mechanisms in Impact Fragmentation
Creators: name: Wittel, Falk K.
name: Carmona, Humberto A.
name: Kun, Ferenc
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brittle fragmentation of spheres is studied numerically by a 3D Discrete Element Model. Large scale computer simulations are performed with models that consist of agglomerates of many spherical particles, interconnected by beam-truss elements. We focus on a detailed description of the fragmentation process and study several fragmentation mechanisms involved. The evolution of meridional cracks is studied in detail. These cracks are found to initiate in the inside of the specimen with quasi-periodic angular distribution and give a broad peak in the fragment mass distribution for large fragments that can be fitted by a two-parameter Weibull distribution. The results prove to be independent of the degree of disorder in the model, but mean fragment sizes scale with velocity. Our results reproduce many experimental observations of fragment shapes, impact energy dependence or mass distribution, and significantly improve the understanding of the fragmentation process for impact fracture since we have full access to the failure conditions and evolution.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0711.2993
Magic ratios for connectivity-driven electrical conductance of graphene-like molecules
Creators: name: Geng, Yan
name: Sangtarash, Sara
name: Huang, Cancan
name: Sadeghi, Hatef
name: Fu, Yongchun
name: Hong, Wenjing
name: Wandlowski, Thomas
name: Decurtins, Silvio
name: Lambert, Colin J.
name: Liu, Shi-Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments using a mechanically-controlled break junction and calculations based on density functional theory demonstrate a new magic ratio rule (MRR),which captures the contribution of connectivity to the electrical conductance of graphene-like aromatic molecules. When one electrode is connected to a site i and the other is connected to a site i' of a particular molecule, we assign the molecule a magic integer Mii'. Two molecules with the same aromatic core, but different pairs of electrode connection sites (i,i' and j,j' respectively) possess different magic integers Mii' and Mjj'. Based on connectivity alone, we predict that when the coupling to electrodes is weak and the Fermi energy of the electrodes lies close to the centre of the HOMO-LUMO gap, the ratio of their conductances is equal to (Mii' /Mjj')2. The MRR is exact for a tight binding representation of a molecule and a qualitative guide for real molecules.
Quantum symmetry breaking of exciton/polaritons in metal-nanorod plasmonic array
Creators: name: Zaster, Svitlana
name: Bittner, Eric R.
name: Piryatinski, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collective, superradiant behavior in the system of emitter-dressed Ag nanorods. Starting from the Drude model for the plasmon oscillations, we arrive at a semi-empirical Hamiltonian describing the coupling between quantized surface plasmon modes and the quantum emitters that can be controlled by manipulating their geometry, spacing, and orientation. Further, identifying the lowest polariton mode as SP-states dressed by excitons in the vicinity of $k=0$, we examine conditions allowing for the polariton quantum phase transition. While the system is formally a 1D array, we show that the polariton states of interest can undergo a quantum phase transition to form a Bose condensate at finite temperatures for physically accessible parameter ranges.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Sum rules for effective resistances in infinite graphs
Creators: name: Markowsky, Greg
name: Palacios, José Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Extending work of Foster, Doyle, and others, we show how the Foster Theorems, a family of results concerning effective resistances on finite graphs, can in certain cases be extended to infinite graphs. A family of sum rules is then obtained, which allows one to easily calculate the sum of the resistances over all paths of a given length. The results are illustrated with some of the most common grids in the plane, including the square, triangular, and hexagonal grids.
Neutron reflectometry on highly absorbing films and its application to 10B4C-based neutron detectors
Creators: name: Piscitelli, F.
name: Khaplanov, A.
name: Devishvili, A.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Höglund, C.
name: Birch, J.
name: Dennison, A. J. C.
name: Gutfreund, P.
name: Hall-Wilton, R.
name: Van Esch, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron reflectometry is a powerful tool used for studies of surfaces and interfaces. In general the absorption in the typical studied materials can be neglected and this technique is limited to the measurement of the reflectivity only. In the case of strongly absorbing nuclei the number of neutrons is not conserved and the absorption can be directly measured by using the neutron-induced fluorescence technique which exploits the prompt particle emission of absorbing isotopes. This technique is emerging from soft matter and biology where highly absorbing nuclei, generally in very small quantities, are used as a label for buried layers. Nowadays the importance of highly absorbing layers is rapidly increasing, partially because of their application in neutron detection; a field that has become more and more active also due to the 3He-shortage. In this manuscript we extend the neutron-induced fluorescence technique to the study of thick layers of highly absorbing materials; in particular 10B4C. The theory of neutron reflectometry is a commonly studied topic, however the subtle relationship between the reflection and the absorption of neutrons is not widely known, in particular when a strong absorption is present. The theory for a general stack of absorbing layers has been developed and compared to measurements. This new technique has potential as a tool for characterization of highly absorbing layers. We also report on the requirements that a 10B4C layer must fulfill in order to be employed as a converter in neutron detection.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
The 21-cm Line as a Probe of Reionization
Creators: name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most exciting probes of the early phases of structure formation and reionization is the spin-flip line of neutral hydrogen, with a rest wavelength of 21 cm. This chapter introduces the physics of this transition and the astrophysical parameters upon which it depends, including discussions of the radiation fields that permeate the intergalactic medium that fix the brightness of this transition. We describe the critical points in the evolution of the 21-cm background and focus on the sky-averaged brightness and the power spectrum as representative measurements. Finally, we include a discussion of observations and the challenges they face in the near future.
description: Book chapter in "Understanding the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization: Challenges and Progress", Springer International Publishing, Ed. Andrei Mesinger, ISBN 978-3-319-21956-1 (33 pages, 8 figures)
Inter-organisational relationships in construction projects: an analysis of inter-organisational relationships over time through the theoretical lens of trust and power
Creators: name: Bondin, Ivan
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other built environment and design not elsewhere classified

description: Trust is a subject that has drawn considerable interest amongst the construction project management research community. It has been portrayed as an ingredient for success that is somewhat lacking in the construction industry. Construction project settings have been portrayed as problematic arenas when it comes to the development of trust. The timely aspect of projects has been portrayed as one of the barriers for the development of trust. Nonetheless, there are several aspects to the concept of trust that are not adequately teased out in the literature concerning trust in construction. The multi-faceted aspect of trust is rarely incorporated in such studies. Also, its benefits go completely unquestioned. Moreover, the aspect of power and its relevance to trust did not draw considerable attention. Consequently, this study aims at providing a better-informed explanation of inter-organisational relationships in construction projects through the theoretical lens of trust and power and the way these aspects develop over a project’s duration. Accordingly, in this study, the main foundations of the concept of trust are addressed in a contextually embedded manner. Construction projects are defined as Temporary and Multiple Organisations (TMOs) and as such, the characteristics of such organisations affect relationships at the inter-organisational level. The research takes an exploratory stand and seeks to develop an understanding of how trust and power underpin inter-organisational relationships in construction project settings over time. A multiple case-study approach was chosen. The findings reveal that organisations understand and in turn make sense of trust in a contextually embedded manner. In making sense of trust, the matters at play are important to organisations. Moreover, several types of trust (system trust, relational trust, calculus based trust etc.) are drawn upon when interacting with other organisations in projects. The findings also revealed that organisations are aware of the sources of power (or otherwise lacking) to their own respective organisations. Based on this knowledge of power as well as trust, organisations take actions and decisions. In turn, the explanations shed a different light on the concepts of trust and power and their development over time in construction project organisational settings. Several arguments concerning trust and power in the literature are put into question and in turn constitute a catalyst for further research concerning trust and power in construction project organisations from a fresh perspective.
Curiosity and Games: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review
Creators: name: Deterding, Sebastian
name: Cutting, Joe
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Art and Design
subject: Communication
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Game Design
subject: Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Communication Technology and New Media
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
subject: curiosity
subject: digital games
subject: games
subject: video games

description: Systematic review on the antecedents, mediators, and consequences of curiosity in gameplay
Searching the hearts of graphene-like molecules for simplicity, sensitivity and logic
Creators: name: Sangtarash, Sara
name: Huang, Cancan
name: Sadeghi, Hatef
name: Sorohhov, Gleb
name: Hauser, Jürg
name: Wandlowski, Thomas
name: Hong, Wenjing
name: Decurtins, Silvio
name: Liu, Shi-Xia
name: Lambert, Colin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If quantum interference patterns in the hearts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could be isolated and manipulated, then a significant step towards realizing the potential of single-molecule electronics would be achieved. Here we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a simple, parameter-free, analytic theory of interference patterns evaluated at the mid-point of the HOMO-LUMO gap (referred to as M-functions) correctly predicts conductance ratios of molecules with pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, anthanthrene or azulene hearts. M-functions provide new design strategies for identifying molecules with phase-coherent logic functions and enhancing the sensitivity of molecular-scale interferometers.
description: in J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2015)
The cosmic assembly of stellar haloes in massive Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Buitrago, F.
name: Trujillo, I.
name: Curtis-Lake, E.
name: Montes, M.
name: Cooper, A. P.
name: Bruce, V. A.
name: Perez-Gonzalez, P. G.
name: Cirasuolo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the exquisite depth of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF12 programme) dataset, we explore the ongoing assembly of the outermost regions of the most massive galaxies ($\rm M_{\rm stellar}\geq$ 5$\times$10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) at $z \leq$ 1. The outskirts of massive objects, particularly Early-Types Galaxies (ETGs), are expected to suffer a dramatic transformation across cosmic time due to continuous accretion of small galaxies. HUDF imaging allows us to study this process at intermediate redshifts in 6 massive galaxies, exploring the individual surface brightness profiles out to $\sim$25 effective radii. We find that 5-20\% of the total stellar mass for the galaxies in our sample is contained within 10 $< R =$ 0.1, 15.1\% at $< z > =$ 0.65 and 3.5\% at $< z > =$ 2. The fraction of mass in diffuse features linked with ongoing minor merger events is $>$ 1-2\%, very similar to predictions based on observed close pair counts. Therefore, the results for our small albeit meaningful sample suggest that the size and mass growth of the most massive galaxies have been solely driven by minor and major merging from $z =$ 1 to today.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. A couple of typos corrected
The role of shear heating in producing crystal-poor obsidian
Creators: name: Curry, Adam Charles
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The reasons for obsidian's lack of phenocrysts (2 vol%) contain plagioclase and sanidine but sometimes lack quartz. Crystal-poor samples contain dominantly rounded phenocrysts indicative of resorption, whereas phenocrysts in crystal-rich samples contain sharp, defined corners. Thermal models of ascending, high-silica magma were run using COMSOL Multiphysics to assess temperature increases caused by shear heating, which could potentially resorb crystals. Models show large (>300 K) temperature increases at the conduit edges capable of resorbing crystals. Though model dike geometry is unrealistic, obsidian mineralogy and thermal modeling are consistent with shear heating-induced resorption during ascent of high-silica magmas.
Ophiuchus: an optical view of a very massive cluster of galaxies hidden behind the Milky Way
Creators: name: Durret, Florence
name: Wakamatsu, Ken-ichi
name: Nagayama, Takahiro
name: Adami, Christophe
name: Biviano, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ophiuchus cluster, at a redshift z=0.0296, is known from X-rays to be one of the most massive nearby clusters, but due to its very low Galactic latitude its optical properties have not been investigated in detail. We discuss the optical properties of the galaxies in the Ophiuchus cluster, in particular with the aim of understanding better its dynamical properties. We have obtained deep optical imaging in several bands with various telescopes, and applied a sophisticated method to model and subtract the contributions of stars in order to measure galaxy magnitudes as accurately as possible. The colour-magnitude relations obtained show that there are hardly any blue galaxies in Ophiuchus (at least brighter than r'<=19.5), and this is confirmed by the fact that we only detect two galaxies in Halpha. We also obtained a number of spectra with ESO-FORS2, that we combined with previously available redshifts. Altogether, we have 152 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the 0.02<=z<=0.04 range, and 89 galaxies with both a redshift within the cluster redshift range and a measured r' band magnitude (limited to the Megacam 1x1 deg^2 field). A complete dynamical analysis based on the galaxy redshifts available shows that the overall cluster is relaxed and has a mass of 1.1x10^15 solar masses. The Sernal-Gerbal method detects a main structure and a much smaller substructure that are not separated in projection. From its dynamical properties derived from optical data, the Ophiuchus cluster seems to be overall a relaxed structure, or at most a minor merger, though in X-rays the central region (radius ~ 150 kpc) may show evidence for merging effects.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung und Erweiterung der Lidar-Signalverarbeitung für Fahrzeuge
Creators: name: Kapp, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2007
Subjects: Laserscanner
Statistik
Zustandsschätzung
Signalverarbeitung
Fahrerassistenzsystem
Abstandsmessung
Bewegungsmessung
Schätzung
lidar scanner
statistical procedure
recursive state estimation

description: Laserscanner werden in Fahrzeugen zur Umfelderfassung eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie aus den Messungen des Laserscanners der Abstand und die Bewegung anderer Fahrzeuge bestimmt werden können. Verschiedene Ansätze zur Gruppierung der Messungen werden verglichen und hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für Fahrzeuge bewertet. Darauf aufbauend wird analysiert, wie der Einfluss stochastischer und deterministischer Fehler auf die Bestimmung von Abstand und Bewegung minimiert werden kann.
Stoppmengen und Palmsche Maße für Poissonsche Modelle der Stochastischen Geometrie
Creators: name: Baumstark, Volker
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2007
Subjects: Stochastischer Prozess
Stochastische Geometrie
Poisson-Prozess
Poisson-Voronoi-Mosaik
Gammaverteilung
Stoppmenge

description: Zunächst wird das Konzept der Stoppmengen ausführlich vorgestellt. Unter Einbeziehung Palmscher Maße lassen sich nun allgemeine Resultate zu Stoppmengen und Poissonprozessen beweisen. Mittels dieser Ergebnisse werden Verteilungsaussagen zu den sogenannten typischen k-Seiten eines Poisson-Voronoi-Mosaiks hergeleitet.
Autonomous take-off and landing of a tethered aircraft: a simulation study
Creators: name: Van, Eric Nguyen
name: Fagiano, Lorenzo
name: Schnez, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem of autonomous launch and landing of a tethered rigid aircraft for airborne wind energy generation is addressed. The system operates with ground-based power conversion and pumping cycles, where the tether is repeatedly reeled in and out of a winch installed on the ground and linked to an electric motor/generator. In order to accelerate the aircraft to take-off speed, the ground station is augmented with a linear motion system composed by a slide translating on rails and controlled by a second motor. An onboard propeller is used to sustain the forward velocity during the ascend of the aircraft. During landing, a slight tension on the line is kept, while the onboard control surfaces are used to align the aircraft with the rails and to land again on them. A model-based, decentralized control approach is proposed, capable to carry out a full cycle of launch, low-tension flight, and landing again on the rails. The derived controller is tested via numerical simulations with a realistic dynamical model of the system, in presence of different wind speeds and turbulence, and its performance in terms of landing accuracy is assessed. This study is part of a project aimed to experimentally verify the launch and landing approach on a small-scale prototype.
description: This is the longer version of a paper submitted to the 2016 American Control Conference 2016, with more details on the simulation parameters
Druckrohrleitungen aus Holz - Anwendung und Bemessung
Creators: name: Fellmoser, Peter
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2007
Subjects: Druckrohrleitung
Holz
Hydraulik
Druckstoß
Bemessung
Anwendung
Holzfeuchteeinfluss
Akasia
Jati
Keruing
Puspa
Lärche
Bemessungstabellen
Rechenmodell
Quellverhalten
instationäre Strömung

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Einsatz von Druckrohrleitungen aus Holz als Zuleitung für Wasserkraftanlagen untersucht. Der Einfluss der Holzfeuchte auf relevante Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitseigenschaften von ausgewählten Holzarten wurde experimentell bestimmt. Mit Hilfe eines Rechenmodells wurden Bemessungstabellen erstellt, mit denen eine schnelle Bemessung von Druckrohrleitungen aus Holz durchgeführt werden kann. Zusätzlich wurden instationäre Strömungsvorgänge genauer untersucht.
Label Transfer from APOGEE to LAMOST: Precise Stellar Parameters for 450,000 LAMOST Giants
Creators: name: Ho, Anna Y. Q.
name: Ness, Melissa K.
name: Hogg, David W.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Liu, Chao
name: Yang, Fan
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Hou, Yonghui
name: Wang, Yuefei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this era of large-scale stellar spectroscopic surveys, measurements of stellar attributes ("labels," i.e. parameters and abundances) must be made precise and consistent across surveys. Here, we demonstrate that this can be achieved by a data-driven approach to spectral modeling. With The Cannon, we transfer information from the APOGEE survey to determine precise Teff, log g, [Fe/H], and [$α$/M] from the spectra of 450,000 LAMOST giants. The Cannon fits a predictive model for LAMOST spectra using 9952 stars observed in common between the two surveys, taking five labels from APOGEE DR12 as ground truth: Teff, log g, [Fe/H], [α/M], and K-band extinction $A_k$. The model is then used to infer Teff, log g, [Fe/H], and [$α$/M] for 454,180 giants, 20% of the LAMOST DR2 stellar sample. These are the first [$α$/M] values for the full set of LAMOST giants, and the largest catalog of [$α$/M] for giant stars to date. Furthermore, these labels are by construction on the APOGEE label scale; for spectra with S/N > 50, cross-validation of the model yields typical uncertainties of 70K in Teff, 0.1 in log g, 0.1 in [Fe/H], and 0.04 in [$α$/M], values comparable to the broadly stated, conservative APOGEE DR12 uncertainties. Thus, by using "label transfer" to tie low-resolution (LAMOST R $\sim$ 1800) spectra to the label scale of a much higher-resolution (APOGEE R $\sim$ 22,500) survey, we substantially reduce the inconsistencies between labels measured by the individual survey pipelines. This demonstrates that label transfer with The Cannon can successfully bring different surveys onto the same physical scale.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by ApJ on 16 Dec 2016, implementing suggestions from the referee reports. Associated code available at https://github.com/annayqho/TheCannon
Effective Majorana Mass and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Creators: name: Benato, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability distribution for the effective Majorana mass as a function of the lightest neutrino mass in the standard three neutrino scheme is computed via a random sampling from the distributions of the involved mixing angles and squared mass diffences. A flat distribution in the [0,2pi] range for the Majorana phases is assumed, and the dependence of small values of the effective mass on the Majorana phases is highlighted. The study is then extended with the addition of the cosmological bound on the sum of the neutrino masses. Finally, the prospects for neutrinoless double beta decay search with 76Ge, 130Te and 136Xe are discussed, as well as those for the measurement of the electron neutrino mass.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Azimuthal distributions in radiative decay of polarized $τ$ lepton
Creators: name: Gakh, G. I.
name: Konchatnij, M. I.
name: Merenkov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various distributions over the angles of the emitted photon, especially over the azimuthal angle, in the one-meson radiative decay of the polarized $τ$ lepton, $τ^-\toπ^-γν_τ$, have been investigated. In connection with this, the photon phase space is discussed in more detail since in the case of the polarized $τ$ lepton it is not trivial. The decay matrix element contains both the inner bremsstrahlung and the resonance (structural) contributions. The azimuthal dependence of some observables have been calculated. They are the asymmetry of the differential decay width caused by the $τ$ lepton polarization, the Stokes parameters of the emitted photon itself and the correlation parameters describing the influence of $τ$-lepton polarization on the photon Stokes parameters. The numerical estimation was done in the $τ$ lepton rest frame for arbitrary direction of the $τ$ lepton polarization 3-vector. The vector and axial-vector form factors describing the structure-dependent part of the decay amplitude are determined using the chiral effective theory with resonances (R$χ$T). It was found that the features of the azimuthal distributions allows to separate various terms in the spin-dependent contribution. The so-called up-down and right-left asymmetries are also calculated.
description: 29pages, 12 figures. To be published in JETP
On Small Beams with Large Topological Charge
Creators: name: Krenn, Mario
name: Tischler, Nora
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light beams can carry a discrete, in principle unbounded amount of angular momentum. Examples of such beams, the Laguerre-Gauss modes, are frequently expressed as solutions of the paraxial wave equation. There, they are eigenstates of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) operator. The paraxial solutions predict that beams with large OAM could be used to resolve arbitrarily small distances - a dubious situation. Here we show how to solve that situation by calculating the properties of beams free from the paraxial approximation. We find the surprising result that indeed one can resolve smaller distances with larger OAM, although with decreased visibility. If the visibility is kept constant (for instance at the Rayleigh criterion, the limit where two points are reasonably distinguishable), larger OAM does not provide an advantage. The drop in visibility is due to a field in the direction of propagation, which is neglected within the paraxial limit.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; + supplementary information
A quantum circuit rule for interference effects in single-molecule electrical junctions
Creators: name: Manrique, David Zsolt
name: Huang, Cancan
name: Baghernejad, Masoud
name: Zhao, Xiaotao
name: Al-Owaedi, Oday A.
name: Sadeghi, Hatef
name: Kaliginedi, Veerabhadrarao
name: Hong, Wenjing
name: Gulcur, Murat
name: Wandlowski, Thomas
name: Bryce, Martin R.
name: Lambert, Colin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum circuit rule for combining quantum interference (QI) effects in the conductive properties of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE)-type molecules possessing three aromatic rings was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Molecules were of the type X-Y-X, where X represents pyridyl anchors with para (p), meta (m) or ortho (o) connectivities and Y represents a phenyl ring with p and m connectivities. The conductances GXmX (GXpX) of molecules of the form X-m-X (X-p-X), with meta (para) connections in the central ring were predominantly lower (higher), irrespective of the meta, para, or ortho nature of the anchor groups X, demonstrating that conductance is dominated by the nature of QI in the central ring Y. The single-molecule conductances were found to satisfy the quantum circuit rule Gppp/Gpmp = Gmpm/Gmmm. This demonstrates that the contribution to the conductance from the central ring is independent of the para versus meta nature of the anchor groups.
Opportunities for detecting ring currents using the attoclock set-up
Creators: name: Kaushal, Jivesh
name: Morales, Felipe
name: Smirnova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong field ionization by circularly polarized laser fields from initial states with internal orbital momentum has interesting propensity rule: electrons counter-rotating with respect to the laser field can be liberated more easily than co-rotating electrons [Barth and Smirnova PRA 84, 063415, 2011}]. Here we show that application of few-cycle IR pulses allows one to use this propensity rule to detect ring currents associated with such quantum states, by observing angular shifts of the ejected electrons. Such shifts present the main observable of the attoclock method. We use time-dependent Analytical $R$-Matrix (A$R$M) theory to show that the attoclock measured angular shifts of an electron originating from two counter-rotating orbitals ($p^{+}$ and $p^{-}$) are noticeably different. Our work opens new opportunities for detecting ring currents excited in atoms and molecules, using the attoclock set-up.
Controlling Excited-State Contamination in Nucleon Matrix Elements
Creators: name: Yoon, Boram
name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Engelhardt, Michael
name: Green, Jeremy
name: Joó, Bálint
name: Lin, Huey-Wen
name: Negele, John
name: Orginos, Kostas
name: Pochinsky, Andrew
name: Richards, David
name: Syritsyn, Sergey
name: Winter, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of methods to reduce statistical errors and excited-state contamination in the calculation of matrix elements of quark bilinear operators in nucleon states. All the calculations were done on a 2+1 flavor ensemble with lattices of size $32^3 \times 64$ generated using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm at $a=0.081$~fm and with $M_π=312$ MeV. The statistical precision of the data is improved using the all-mode-averaging method. We compare two methods for reducing excited-state contamination: a variational analysis and a two-state fit to data at multiple values of the source-sink separation $t_{\rm sep}$. We show that both methods can be tuned to significantly reduce excited-state contamination and discuss their relative advantages and cost-effectiveness. A detailed analysis of the size of source smearing used in the calculation of quark propagators and the range of values of $t_{\rm sep}$ needed to demonstrate convergence of the isovector charges of the nucleon to the $t_{\rm sep} \to \infty $ estimates is presented.
description: Published version
Nanophotonic Devices for Linear and Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing
Creators: name: Koos, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2007
Subjects: Optische Nachrichtentechnik
Nichtlineare Optik
Integrierte Optik
Optische Signalverarbeitung
SOI-Technik
PhotonikIntegrierte Optoelektronik
Nanophotonik
Silizium-Photonik
Silizium-Optik

description: High index-contrast nanophotonic devices are key components for future board-to-board and chip-to-chip optical interconnects: The strong confinement of light enables dense integration, and nonlinear effects can be exploited at low power levels. Cheap large-scale production is possible by using highly parallel microfabrication techniques, and semiconductor-based nanophotonic devices can be integrated together with electronic circuitry on a common chip. Particularly intense research is carried out to realise optical devices on silicon substrates, using mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication techniques. This book discusses the modelling, fabrication and characterization of linear and nonlinear nanophotonic devices. Roughness-related scattering loss in high index-contrast waveguides is investigated both theoretically and experimentally, and methods of loss reduction are developed. Novel silicon-based devices for electro-optic modulation and for all-optical signal processing are presented. Nonlinear dynamics in active quantum-dot devices are studied, and resonant field enhancement is exploited to improve the efficiency of nonlinear interaction.
The isomorphic version of Brualdies nestedness is in P
Creators: name: Berger, Annabell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The discrepancy BR for an $m \times n$ $0,1$-matrix from Brualdi and Sanderson \cite{Brualdi1998} counts the minimum number of $1$'s which need to be shifted in each row to the left to achieve its Ferrers matrix, i.e. each row consists of consecutive $1$'s followed by consecutive $0$'s. For ecological bipartite networks BR describes how nested a set of relationships is. Since different labeled matrices can be isomorphic but possess different discrepancies, we define a metric determining the minimum discrepancy in an isomorphic class. We give a reduction to $k\leq n$ minimum weighted perfect matching problems.
description: 6 pages, note
Modelling of Pandemic Influenza in Canada: Predicted Burden and Hospital-Resource Adequacy
Creators: name: Saunders-Hastings, Patrick
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: pandemic influenza
hospital planning
surge capacity
mathematical modelling
differential equations
Canada

description: For centuries, pandemic influenza has emerged at irregular and unpredictable intervals to cause widespread illness, hospitalization and death. Uncertainty surrounding the timing and severity of future influenza pandemics present challenges for preparedness and response efforts. The objective of this dissertation is to advance pandemic influenza knowledge and preparedness, through a series of interrelated articles that address the follow research questions: 1. What are the likely consequences of a pandemic flu event in Canada? 2. What do mathematical models tell us about preparing for such an event? 3. What is the best way to mitigate the consequences of an influenza pandemic? Six articles were prepared for submission in scientific, peer-reviewed journals. The first is a historical review of the burden of pandemic influenza. The second and third are systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions to interrupt pandemic influenza transmission. The fourth and fifth are research papers presenting a novel mathematical model, assessing the preparedness of the Canadian hospital system to accommodate expected surges in patient demand and evaluating intervention strategies to mitigate impact. The sixth is a policy-oriented paper discussing pandemic policy options within the context of public health ethics and risk management principles. Pandemic vaccination, antiviral treatment, voluntary isolation and personal protective measures were identified as the most cost-effective interventions available. Antiviral prophylaxis, community-contact reduction, school closure and quarantine were less effective, and tended to be associated with higher associated economic burdens. The timely implementation of layered intervention strategies appears likely to protect hospital-resource adequacy, though areas of Southwestern Ontario appear to be more vulnerable to surges in patient demand. However, the potential for high health and economic burdens, coupled with the uncertain severity of future pandemics, necessitates a flexibility in preparedness and response plans.