cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using Information from Mid Term Evaluations of RDP for the Multicriteria Analysis of Agri-environmental Schemes
Creators: name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Finn, J.
name: Kurz, Isabelle
name: Samoggia, Antonella
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Finn, J.
name: Kurz, Isabelle
name: Samoggia, Antonella
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: mid term evaluation
subject: multifunctional agriculture
subject: indicators
subject: multicriteria analysis

description: This paper discusses how environmental indicators and multicriteria methodologies can support the ex post evaluation of Agri-Environmental Schemes. The paper is based on information from the Mid term evaluation of the Rural Development Programmes and develops around an example that compares Ireland and Emilia-Romagna. The results show that the application of Agri-Environmental Schemes only partially achieves to local objectives, and the way in which the Agri-Environmental Schemes are implemented can be reasonably improved. However, the tentative analysis emphasizes the scarcity of quantitative data that can be related to effectiveness, the lack of predetermined quantitatively defined target levels of objectives and the difficulty to assess the relative importance of different evaluation criteria. Clearly, the ability to properly evaluate the results depends not only on the amount of information gathered, but also on the formalisation of a clear evaluation framework at the design stage of schemes.
Random Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
name: Khemani, Vedika
name: Nahum, Adam
name: Vijay, Sagar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum circuits -- built from local unitary gates and local measurements -- are a new playground for quantum many-body physics and a tractable setting to explore universal collective phenomena far-from-equilibrium. These models have shed light on longstanding questions about thermalization and chaos, and on the underlying universal dynamics of quantum information and entanglement. In addition, such models generate new sets of questions and give rise to phenomena with no traditional analog, such as new dynamical phases in quantum systems that are monitored by an external observer. Quantum circuit dynamics is also topical in view of experimental progress in building digital quantum simulators that allow control of precisely these ingredients. Randomness in the circuit elements allows a high level of theoretical control, with a key theme being mappings between real-time quantum dynamics and effective classical lattice models or dynamical processes. Many of the universal phenomena that can be identified in this tractable setting apply to much wider classes of more structured many-body dynamics.
description: Review article for Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics; comments welcome
Development of Gaseous Tracking Devices for the Search of WIMPs
Creators: name: Sekiya, H.
name: Hattori, K.
name: Kabuki, S.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Miuchi, K.
name: Nagayoshi, T.
name: Nishimura, H.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Orito, R.
name: Takada, A.
name: Takeda, A.
name: Tanimori, T.
name: Ueno, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has been recognized as a potentially powerful detector for the search of WIMPs by measuring the directions of nuclear recoils, in which the most convincing signature of WIMPs, caused by the Earth's motion around the Galaxy, appears. We report on the first results of a performance study of the neutron exposure of our prototype micro-TPC with Ar-C$_2$H$_6$ (90:10) and CF$_4$ gas of 150 Torr.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on position sensitive detectors(PSD7), submitted to NIM A
Is GW170817 a Multimessenger Neutron Star-Primordial Black Hole Merger?
Creators: name: Tsai, Yu-Dai
name: Palmese, Antonella
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Jeltema, Tesla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of the gravitational-wave event GW170817 being a light, solar-mass black hole (BH) - neutron star (NS) merger. We explore two exotic scenarios involving primordial black holes (PBH) that could produce such an event, taking into account available observational information on NGC 4993. First, we entertain the possibility of dynamical NS-PBH binary formation where a solar-mass PBH and a NS form a binary through gravitational interaction. We find that while dynamical NS-PBH formation could account for the GW170817 event, the rate is highly dependent on unknown density contrast factors and could potentially be affected by galaxy mergers. We also find that PBH-PBH binaries would likely have a larger merger rate, assuming the density contrast boost factor of an order similar to the NS-PBH case. These exotic merger formations could provide new channels to account for the volumetric rate of compact-object mergers reported by LIGO/Virgo. Secondly, we consider the case where one of the NS's in a binary NS system is imploded by a microscopic PBH. We find that the predicted rate for NS implosion into a BH is very small, at least for the specific environment of NGC 4993. We point out that similar existing (e.g. GW190425 and GW190814) and future observations will shed additional light on these scenarios.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
The order parameter of the chiral Potts model
Creators: name: Baxter, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An outstanding problem in statistical mechanics is the order parameter of the chiral Potts model. An elegant conjecture for this was made in 1983. It has since been successfully tested against series expansions, but as far as the author is aware there is as yet no proof of the conjecture. Here we show that if one makes a certain analyticity assumption similar to that used to derive the free energy, then one can indeed verify the conjecture. The method is based on the ``broken rapidity line'' approach pioneered by Jimbo, Miwa and Nakayashiki.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures. Citations made more explicit and some typos corrected
Exclusion Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Cross-Section from the First Run of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Lab
Creators: name: CDMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS-II) employs low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to seek Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering interactions with nuclei. Simultaneous measurements of both ionization and phonon energy provide discrimination against interactions of background particles. For recoil energies above 10 keV, events due to background photons are rejected with >99.99% efficiency. Electromagnetic events very near the detector surface can mimic nuclear recoils because of reduced charge collection, but these surface events are rejected with >96% efficiency by using additional information from the phonon pulse shape. Efficient use of active and passive shielding, combined with the the 2090 m.w.e. overburden at the experimental site in the Soudan mine, makes the background from neutrons negligible for this first exposure. All cuts are determined in a blind manner from in situ calibrations with external radioactive sources without any prior knowledge of the event distribution in the signal region. Resulting efficiencies are known to ~10%. A single event with a recoil of 64 keV passes all of the cuts and is consistent with the expected misidentification rate of surface-electron recoils. Under the assumptions for a standard dark matter halo, these data exclude previously unexplored parameter space for both spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering. The resulting limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross-section has a minimum of 4x10^-43 cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c^2. The minimum of the limit for the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron elastic-scattering cross-section is 2x10^-37 cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2.
description: 37 pages, 42 figures
The planted XY model: thermodynamics and inference
Creators: name: Chen, Siyu
name: Huang, Guanhao
name: Piccioli, Giovanni
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study a fully connected planted spin glass named the planted XY model. Motivation for studying this system comes both from the spin glass field and the one of statistical inference where it models the angular synchronization problem. We derive the replica symmetric (RS) phase diagram in the temperature, ferromagnetic bias plane using the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm and its state evolution (SE). While the RS predictions are exact on the Nishimori line (i.e. when the temperature is matched to the ferromagnetic bias), they become inaccurate when the parameters are mismatched, giving rise to a spin glass phase where AMP is not able to converge. To overcome the defects of the RS approximation we carry out a one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) analysis based on the approximate survey propagation (ASP) algorithm. Exploiting the state evolution of ASP, we count the number of metastable states in the measure, derive the 1RSB free entropy and find the behavior of the Parisi parameter throughout the spin glass phase.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
Entanglement-Assisted Capacity of Quantum Multiple-Access Channels
Creators: name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
name: Devetak, Igor
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a regularized formula for the entanglement-assisted (EA) capacity region for quantum multiple access channels (QMAC). We illustrate the capacity region calculation with the example of the collective phase-flip channel which admits a single-letter characterization. On the way, we provide a first-principles proof of the EA coding theorem based on a packing argument. We observe that the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem may be obtained from a modification of our EA protocol. We remark on the existence of a family hierarchy of protocols for multiparty scenarios with a single receiver, in analogy to the two-party case. In this way, we relate several previous results regarding QMACs.
description: Published version. 13 pages, 3 figures
Assessment of Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms
Creators: name: Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev
name: Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics framework is incorporated to transitional Bulgarian agriculture, and level of sustainability of dominating subsistent farming, production cooperatives, small-scare commercial farms, and large agro-firms assessed. New framework for assessing sustainability of farms and for governing of sustainable development is suggested taking into account: role of specific institutional environment, comparative efficiency of various market, private, public and hybrid governing modes, transaction costs and critical factors (frequency, uncertainty, asset specificity, and appropriability) of farm transactions. Analysis of sustainability of different types of Bulgarian farms is made, and further domination of subsistence farming, cooperatives, large agrofirms, and some part of small commercial farms projected.
Integral $Ext^2$ between hook Weyl modules
Creators: name: Stergiopoulou, Dimitra-Dionysia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G05

description: This paper concerns representations of the integral general linear group. The extension groups $Ext^2$ between any pair of hook Weyl modules are determined via a detailed study of cyclic generators and relations associated to certain extensions. As a corollary, the modular extension groups $Ext^1$ between such modules are determined.
description: 22 pages
Photoacoustic wave propagating from normal into superconductive phases in Pb single crystals
Creators: name: Iwanaga, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoacoustic (PA) wave has been examined in a superconductor of the first kind, Pb single crystal. The PA wave is induced by optical excitation of electronic state and propagates from normal into superconductive phases below T$_{\rm C}$. It is clearly shown by wavelet analysis that the measured PA wave includes two different components. The high-frequency component is MHz-ultrasonic and the relative low-frequency one is induced by thermal wave. The latter is observed in a similar manner irrespective of T$_{\rm C}$. On the other hand, the MHz-frequency component is obviously enhanced below T$_{\rm C}$. The behavior is reproduced by the change of attenuation of longitudinal ultrasonic wave and is consistent with BCS theory.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (fig.3 is colored), RevTeX4; the text is modified
Sugar Market Liberalization: Modeling the EU Supply of "C" Sugar
Creators: name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: sugar
subject: modeling
subject: general equilibrium models

description: The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are largely inconsistent. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between production quota sugar and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii /the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit cross-subsidy between in quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We simulate the effects of the reform of the sugar sector proposed by the EU Commission in July 2004 and the effects of a ban on sugar export subsidies. The cuts in production and prices required to eliminate export subsidies are larger than those proposed by the Commission. However, the reform proposal makes large a decrease in tariffs possible. The need to eliminate export subsidies appears more constraining than the constraints on tariffs reduction for the EU. As expected, different assumptions on the interaction between in-quota prices and C sugar supply have a significant impact on the results and explain some of the differences observed in the literature regarding the effect of sugar market liberalization.
The EBLM project X. Benchmark masses, radii and temperatures for two fully convective M-dwarfs using K2
Creators: name: Duck, Alison
name: Martin, David V.
name: Gill, Sam
name: Armitage, Tayt
name: Martínez, Romy Rodríguez
name: Maxted, Pierre F. L.
name: Sebastian, Daniel
name: Sethi, Ritika
name: Swayne, Matthew I.
name: Cameron, Andrew Collier
name: Dransfield, Georgina
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Gillon, Michael
name: Hellier, Coel
name: Kunovac, Vedad
name: Lovis, Christophe
name: McCormac, James
name: Pepe, Francesco A.
name: Pollacco, Don
name: Sairam, Lalitha
name: Santerne, Alexandre
name: Ségransan, Damien
name: Standing, Matthew R.
name: Southworth, John
name: Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
name: Udry, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M-dwarfs are the most abundant stars in the galaxy and popular targets for exoplanet searches. However, their intrinsic faintness and complex spectra inhibit precise characterisation. We only know of dozens of M-dwarfs with fundamental parameters of mass, radius and effective temperature characterised to better than a few per cent. Eclipsing binaries remain the most robust means of stellar characterisation. Here we present two targets from the Eclipsing Binary Low Mass (EBLM) survey that were observed with K2: EBLM J0055-00 and EBLM J2217-04. Combined with HARPS and CORALIE spectroscopy, we measure M-dwarf masses with precisions better than 5%, radii better than 3% and effective temperatures on order 1%. However, our fits require invoking a model to derive parameters for the primary star. By investigating three popular models, we determine that the model uncertainty is of similar magnitude to the statistical uncertainty in the model fits. Therefore, whilst these can be considered benchmark M-dwarfs, we caution the community to consider model uncertainty when pushing the limits of precise stellar characterisation.
description: 13 Pages, MNRAS accepted
Mixed Markets in the Food Processing Industry
Creators: name: Sorensen, Ann-Christin
name: Sorensen, Ann-Christin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: cooperative
subject: endogenous membership
subject: investor-owned-firm
subject: mixed market
subject: yardstick of production

description: The food processing industry in Western countries operates in markets that usually are highly concentrated, consisting of a few cooperatives and investor-owned firms. However, in the literature some studies questioned whether the mixed market structure is a stable equilibrium, and suggestions are made that the cooperatives eventually will crowd out all investor-owned firms. To analyse the problem, the family of models of mixed markets is generalized and analysed. It is shown that a mixed market equilibrium may occur under quite general conditions. Also, it is shown that the investor-owned firm may serve as a yardstick of production to the cooperative, helping farmers achieve an increased payoff relative to a situation with a single coop in the market.
Very wide companion fraction from Gaia DR2: a weak or no enhancement for hot jupiter hosts, and a strong enhancement for contact binaries
Creators: name: Hwang, Hsiang-Chih
name: Hamer, Jacob H.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Schlaufman, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is an ongoing debate on whether hot jupiter hosts are more likely to be found in wide binaries with separations of $\gtrsim 100$ AU. In this paper, we search for comoving, very wide companions with separations of $10^3-10^4$ AU for hot jupiter hosts and main-sequence contact binaries in Gaia DR2, and compare the very wide companion fractions with their object-by-object-matched field star samples. We find that $11.9\pm 2.5$% of hot jupiter hosts and $14.1\pm 1.0$% of contact binaries have companions at separations of $10^3-10^4$ AU. While the very wide companion fraction of hot jupiter hosts is a factor of $1.9\pm0.5$ larger than their matched field star sample, it is consistent, within $\sim1σ$, with that of matched field stars if the matching is only with field stars without close companions (within $\sim50$ AU) as is the case for hot jupiter hosts. The very wide companion fraction of contact binaries is a factor of $3.1\pm0.5$ larger than their matched field star sample, suggesting that the formation and evolution of contact binaries are either tied to or correlated with the presence of wide companions. In contrast, the weak enhancement of very wide companion fraction for hot jupiter hosts implies that the formation of hot jupiters is not as sensitive to those environment properties. Our results also hint that the occurrence rates of dual hot jupiter hosts and dual contact binaries may be higher than the expected values from random pairing of field stars, which may be due to their underlying metallicity and age dependence.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Key results are Figure 5 and Table 1
Non-Stationary Wireless Channel Modeling Approach Based on Extreme Value Theory for Ultra-Reliable Communications
Creators: name: Mehrnia, Niloofar
name: Coleri, Sinem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A proper channel modeling methodology that characterizes the statistics of extreme events is key in the design of a system at an ultra-reliable regime of operation. The strict constraint of ultra-reliability corresponds to the packet error rate (PER) in the range of $10^{-9}-10^{-5}$ within the acceptable latency on the order of milliseconds. Extreme value theory (EVT) is a robust framework for modeling the statistical behavior of extreme events in the channel data. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on EVT to model the extreme events of a non-stationary wireless channel for the ultra-reliable regime of operation. This methodology includes techniques for splitting the channel data sequence into multiple groups concerning the environmental factors causing non-stationarity, and fitting the lower tail distribution of the received power in each group to the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD). The proposed approach also consists of optimally determining the time-varying threshold over which the tail statistics are derived as a function of time, and assessing the validity of the derived Pareto model. Finally, the proposed approach chooses the best model with minimum complexity that represents the time variation behavior of the non-stationary channel data sequence. Based on the data collected within the engine compartment of Fiat Linea under various engine vibrations and driving scenarios, we demonstrate the capability of the proposed methodology in providing the best fit to the extremes of the non-stationary data, significantly outperforming the channel modeling approach in characterizing the extreme events with the stationary channel assumption.
Trust and Electronic Commerce in the Agrifood Sector. A Trust Model and Experimental Experiences
Creators: name: Fritz, Melanie
name: Hausen, Tobias
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Canavari, Maurizio
name: Fritz, Melanie
name: Hausen, Tobias
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Canavari, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: transaction costs
subject: asymmetric and private information
subject: laboratory experiment
subject: electronic commerce
subject: trust

description: Opportunities coming from electronic commerce provide interesting support options for the Agrifood sector. However, due to the product specific information asymmetry in the agrifood sector, the anonymity of the medium creates a lack of trust increasing transaction costs to engage in e-commerce. This paper develops a trust model for electronic commerce in the agrifood industry allowing for the analysis of trust determinants in traditional agrifood transaction relationships and their transfer to appropriate trust determinants in the e-commerce environment. First experimental results validating the suitability of the model to derive appropriate electronic trust generating elements for a given agrifood transaction environment are presented.
QED theory of the nuclear recoil with finite size
Creators: name: Pachucki, Krzysztof
name: Yerokhin, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the modification of the transverse electromagnetic interaction between two point-like particles when one particle acquires a finite size. It is shown that the correct treatment of such interaction cannot be accomplished within the Breit approximation but should be addressed within the QED. The complete QED formula is derived for the finite-size nuclear recoil, exact in the coupling strength parameter $Z\,α$. Numerical calculations are carried out for a wide range of $Z$ and verified against the $(Z\,α)^5$ contribution. The comparison with the $Z\,α$ expansion identifies the contribution of order $(Z\,α)^6$, which is linear in the nuclear radius and numerically dominates over the lower-order $(Z\,α)^5$ term.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, corrected description of $(Z \alpha)^5$ correction
Diplopseustis perieresalis
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Diplopseustis
Diplopseustis perieresalis

description: 6684b Diplopseustis perieresalis (Walker, 1859), Abb. 3h
Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten, 28.10.2015. Nach Graubünden (Schmid 2007) ist dies erst der zweite Nachweis für die Schweiz. Die ursprünglich in Australien und Neuseeland verbreitete Art wurde vermutlich mit Zierpflanzenimporten (möglicherweise Palmen) in die westpaläarktische Region verschleppt und breitet sich nun aus. Nachweise liegen inzwischen auch aus Grossbritannien, Holland, Belgien, Frankreich, Deutschland, Österreich, Spanien und Portugal vor.
Grossschmetterlinge
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 62, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
Joest, Wilfried (Hrsg.) / Pannenberg, Wolfhart (Hrsg.), Dogma und Denkstrukturen
Creators: name: Leibrecht, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 1 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 1
Towards a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC -- I.\ Deriving the lifetimes of H\,{\sc i} clouds
Creators: name: Ward, Jacob L.
name: Chevance, Mélanie
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Hygate, Alexander P. S.
name: Schruba, Andreas
name: Longmore, Steven N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-scales associated with the various stages of the star formation process remain poorly constrained. This includes the earliest phases of star formation, during which molecular clouds condense out of the atomic interstellar medium. We present the first in a series of papers with the ultimate goal of compiling the first multi-tracer timeline of star formation, through a comprehensive set of evolutionary phases from atomic gas clouds to unembedded young stellar populations. In this paper, we present an empirical determination of the lifetime of atomic clouds using the Uncertainty Principle for Star Formation formalism, based on the de-correlation of H$α$ and H\,{\sc i} emission as a function of spatial scale. We find an atomic gas cloud lifetime of 48$\substack{+13\\-8}$\,Myr. This timescale is consistent with the predicted average atomic cloud lifetime in the LMC (based on galactic dynamics) that is dominated by the gravitational collapse of the mid-plane ISM. We also determine the overlap time-scale for which both H\,{\sc i} and H$α$ emission are present to be very short ($t_{over}<1.7$\,Myr), consistent with zero, indicating that there is a near-to-complete phase change of the gas to a molecular form in an intermediary stage between H\,{\sc i} clouds and H\,{\sc ii} regions. We utilise the time-scales derived in this work to place empirically determined limits on the time-scale of molecular cloud formation. By performing the same analysis with and without the 30 Doradus region included, we find that the most extreme star forming environment in the LMC has little effect on the measured average atomic gas cloud lifetime. By measuring the lifetime of the atomic gas clouds, we place strong constraints on the physics that drives the formation of molecular clouds and establish a solid foundation for the development of a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Stochastic Utility-Efficient Programming of Organic Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Flaten, Ola
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
name: Flaten, Ola
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: agriculture
subject: risk analysis
subject: stochastic programming
subject: stochastic dominance
subject: organic farming

description: Opportunities to make sequential decisions and adjust activities as a season progresses and more information becomes available characterize the farm management process. In this paper, we present a discrete stochastic two-stage utility efficient programming model of organic dairy farms, which includes risk aversion in the decision maker's objective function as well as both embedded risk (stochastic programming with resource) and non-embedded risk (stochastic programming without recourse). Historical farm accountancy data and subjective judgments were combined to assess the nature of the uncertainty that affects the possible consequences of the decisions. The programming model was used within a stochastic dominance framework to examine optimal strategies in organic dairy systems in Norway.
RIT-Eyes: Rendering of near-eye images for eye-tracking applications
Creators: name: Nair, Nitinraj
name: Kothari, Rakshit
name: Chaudhary, Aayush K.
name: Yang, Zhizhuo
name: Diaz, Gabriel J.
name: Pelz, Jeff B.
name: Bailey, Reynold J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks for video-based eye tracking have demonstrated resilience to noisy environments, stray reflections, and low resolution. However, to train these networks, a large number of manually annotated images are required. To alleviate the cumbersome process of manual labeling, computer graphics rendering is employed to automatically generate a large corpus of annotated eye images under various conditions. In this work, we introduce a synthetic eye image generation platform that improves upon previous work by adding features such as an active deformable iris, an aspherical cornea, retinal retro-reflection, gaze-coordinated eye-lid deformations, and blinks. To demonstrate the utility of our platform, we render images reflecting the represented gaze distributions inherent in two publicly available datasets, NVGaze and OpenEDS. We also report on the performance of two semantic segmentation architectures (SegNet and RITnet) trained on rendered images and tested on the original datasets.
Enhancement of Wigner crystallization in quasi low-dimensional solids
Creators: name: Rastelli, G.
name: Quemerais, P.
name: Fratini, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystallization of electrons in quasi low-dimensional solids is studied in a model which retains the full three-dimensional nature of the Coulomb interactions. We show that restricting the electron motion to layers (or chains) gives rise to a rich sequence of structural transitions upon varying the particle density. In addition, the concurrence of low-dimensional electron motion and isotropic Coulomb interactions leads to a sizeable stabilization of the Wigner crystal, which could be one of the mechanisms at the origin of the charge ordered phases frequently observed in such compounds.
XQC and CSR constraints on strongly interacting dark matter with spin and velocity dependent cross sections
Creators: name: Li, Yonglin
name: Liu, Zuowei
name: Xue, Yilun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter that interacts strongly with baryons can avoid the stringent dark matter direct detection constraints, because, like baryons, they are likely to be absorbed when traversing the rocks, leading to a suppressed flux in deep underground labs. Such strongly interacting dark matter, however, can be probed by dark matter experiments or other experiments operated on the ground level or in the atmosphere. In this paper we carry out systematic analysis of two of these experiments, XQC and CSR, to compute the experimental constraints on the strongly interacting dark matter in the following three scenarios: (1) spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions; (2) different velocity dependent cross sections; (3) different dark matter mass fractions. Some of the scenarios are first analyzed in the literature. We find that the XQC exclusion region has some non-trivial dependencies on the various parameters and the limits in the spin-dependent case is quite different from the spin-independent case. A peculiar region in the parameter space, where the XQC constraint disappears, is also found in our Monte Carlo simulations. This occurs in the case where the interaction cross section is proportional to the square of the velocity. We further compare our XQC and CSR limits to other experimental constraints, and find that a large parameter space is allowed by various experiments if the dark matter mass fraction is sufficiently small, $f_χ\lesssim 10^{-4}$.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures. v2: added references, more CMB and Lyman-alpha constraints, conclusion unchanged. v3: journal version
Generating Artificial Outliers in the Absence of Genuine Ones -- a Survey
Creators: name: Steinbuss, Georg
name: Böhm, Klemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By definition, outliers are rarely observed in reality, making them difficult to detect or analyse. Artificial outliers approximate such genuine outliers and can, for instance, help with the detection of genuine outliers or with benchmarking outlier-detection algorithms. The literature features different approaches to generate artificial outliers. However, systematic comparison of these approaches remains absent. This surveys and compares these approaches. We start by clarifying the terminology in the field, which varies from publication to publication, and we propose a general problem formulation. Our description of the connection of generating outliers to other research fields like experimental design or generative models frames the field of artificial outliers. Along with offering a concise description, we group the approaches by their general concepts and how they make use of genuine instances. An extensive experimental study reveals the differences between the generation approaches when ultimately being used for outlier detection. This survey shows that the existing approaches already cover a wide range of concepts underlying the generation, but also that the field still has potential for further development. Our experimental study does confirm the expectation that the quality of the generation approaches varies widely, for example, in terms of the data set they are used on. Ultimately, to guide the choice of the generation approach in a specific context, we propose an appropriate general-decision process. In summary, this survey comprises, describes, and connects all relevant work regarding the generation of artificial outliers and may serve as a basis to guide further research in the field.
BIMA Array Observations of the Highly Unusual SiO Maser Source with a Bipolar Nebulosity, IRAS 19312+1950
Creators: name: Nakashima, Jun-ichi
name: Deguchi, Shuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of mapping observations of the bipolar nebula with SiO maser emission, IRAS 19312+1950, in the CO (J=1-0 and J=2-1), 13CO (J=1-0 and J=2-1), C18O (J=1-0), CS (J=2-1), SO (J_K=3_2-2_1) and HCO+ (J=3-2) lines with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array. Evolutional status of this source has been evoking a controversy since its discovery, though SiO maser sources are usually identified as late-type stars with active mass loss. In line profiles, two kinematical components are found as reported in previous single-dish observations: a broad pedestal component and a narrow component. Spatio-kinetic properties of a broad component region traced by 12CO lines are roughly explained by a simple spherical outflow model with a typical expanding velocity of an AGB star, though some properties of the broad component region still conflict with properties of a typical AGB spherical outflow. A narrow component region apparently exhibits a bipolar flow. The angular size of the narrow component region is spatially larger than that of a broad component region. Intensity distribution of the CS emission avoids the central region of the source, and that of an SO broad component emission exhibits a small feature peaked exactly at the mapping center. According to the present results, if a broad component really originates in a spherical outflow, an oxygen-rich evolved stellar object seems to be a natural interpretation for the central star of IRAS 19312+1950.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
A solvable algebra for massless fermions
Creators: name: Groote, Stefan
name: Saar, Rein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the stabiliser group of the four-vector, also known as Wigner's little group, in case of massless particle states, as the maximal solvable subgroup of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group of dimension four, known as the Borel subgroup. In the absence of mass, particle states are disentangled into left- and right-handed chiral states, governed by the maximal solvable subgroups ${\rm sol}_2^\pm$ of order two. Induced Lorentz transformations are constructed and applied to general representations of particle states. Finally, in our conclusions it is argued how the spin-flip contribution might be closely related to the occurrence of nonphysical spin operators.
description: 27 pages, no figures
Evaluation of sociocultural competency training in enhancing self-efficacy among immigrant and Canadian-born health sciences trainees
Creators: name: Wong, Yuk Shuen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sociocultural Competency Training (SCCT) as an intervention in enhancing self-efficacy among trainees in the health care profession. The purposes of the study were threefold: (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of the training in enhancing the trainees' self-efficacy and behavioural performance; (b) to examine their personal experiences in the learning ofthe sociocultural competencies, and (c) to identify the factors that contribute to effective outcomes. A sample of 84 participants in the Health Sciences program at the Vancouver Community College was recruited. There were 26 local born Canadians and 32 immigrants in the experimental group, whereas 11 local born Canadians and 15 immigrants were in the control group. Experimental group participants took part in an 18- hour training over a 6-week period as part of their regular Human Relations Skills course curriculum. The control group also took the same training course after post-test data collection. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Self-efficacy and behavioural performance were assessed quantitatively by the results from the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Situational Social Avoidance Scale (SSA), Social Self-Efficacy Scale (SSE), and Interpersonal Skills Checklist (ISC-33). Qualitative data was collected through written feedback from 28 participants and semi-structured interviewing with 24 volunteer interviewees in the experimental group. The results of this study supported the hypotheses that the Sociocultural Competency Training was effective in improving the interpersonal skills and lowering the social avoidance tendency among participants in the experimental group when compared to individuals in the control group. The hypothesis that there would be more significant change in participants' social self-efficacy was also supported. The Sociocultural Competency Training offered effective ways of helping people develop positive self-efficacy and behavioural competencies. Participants reported the training enabled them to have the sociocultural competencies to conduct their professional career in a multicultural community. In the future, the training can be used with high school students, college and university students, international students, professionals, business people, and expatriates who need to learn the sociocultural competencies for career success.
Incorporating Uncertainty and Cero Values into the Valuation of Protected Areas and Species
Creators: name: Hurle, Jesus Barreiro
name: Garcia, Jose Maria Casada
name: Perez Y Perez, Luis
name: Hurle, Jesus Barreiro
name: Garcia, Jose Maria Casada
name: Perez Y Perez, Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: natural heritage
subject: contingent valuation
subject: Spike model
subject: uncertainty

description: Under the Spanish conservation law, compensation is envisaged for the damage associated with all actions that reduce the quantity or quality of protected areas and species. This paper provides a tool to evaluate the monetary equivalent of this damage. We conduct a contingent valuation exercise to estimate the existence value related to protected areas and species in Aragon. This estimate is then reconsidered including the possibility of zero bids and also the possibility of uncertain preferences for non-familiar goods. Considering these two effects, mean values are reduced significantly giving support to previous recommendations of dividing by two contingent valuation estimates from dichotomous choice question formats.
Soft de Sitter Effective Theory
Creators: name: Cohen, Timothy
name: Green, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculating the quantum evolution of a de Sitter universe on superhorizon scales is notoriously difficult. To address this challenge, we introduce the Soft de Sitter Effective Theory (SdSET). This framework holds for superhorizon modes whose comoving momentum is far below the UV scale, which is set by the inverse comoving horizon. The SdSET is formulated using the same approach that yields the Heavy Quark Effective Theory. The degrees of freedom that capture the long wavelength dynamics are identified with the growing and decaying solutions to the equations of motion. The operator expansion is organized using a power counting scheme, and loops can be regulated while respecting the low energy symmetries. For massive quantum fields in a fixed de Sitter background, power counting implies that all interactions beyond the horizon are irrelevant. Alternatively, if the fields are very light, the leading interactions are at most marginal, and resumming the associated logarithms using (dynamical) renormalization group techniques yields the evolution equation for canonical stochastic inflation. The SdSET is also applicable to models where gravity is dynamical, including inflation. In this case, diffeomorphism invariance ensures that all interactions are irrelevant, trivially implying the all-orders conservation of adiabatic density fluctuations and gravitational waves. We briefly touch on the application to slow-roll eternal inflation by identifying novel relevant operators. This work serves to demystify many aspects of perturbation theory outside the horizon, and has a variety of applications to problems of cosmological interest.
description: 51 pages + appendix + references, 31 footnotes
Tradable Substitution Rights: Simulation of the Cost-Efficiency of a Nitrogen Reduction in the Pig Finishing Sector
Creators: name: Carlier, Peter Jan
name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Carlier, Peter Jan
name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Mathijs, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: tradable permits
subject: agriculture
subject: command and control
subject: nitrogen
subject: linear programming

description: To comply with the European Nitrate Directive, the Flemish manure policy has been elaborated mainly on the base of command and control measures (maximum fertilisation limits etc.). In literature, however, tradable permits are described as a cost efficient and effective instrument. Applied to nutrient emission they might offer an alternative for the current, expensive manure policy. In this publication both policy instruments are compared by means of simulation models. Based on accountacy data from 190 pig finishing farms, it is shown that tradable rights may result in cost savings of over 88%, compared to the most cost efficient command and control model. This result indicates that tradable permits at least need to be considered as a plausible policy instrument for the agricultural sector.
Multidimensional Frank-Laptev-Weidl improvement of the Hardy Inequality
Creators: name: Roychowdhury, Prasun
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
name: Suragan, Durvudkhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish a new improvement of the classical $L^p$-Hardy inequality on the multidimensional Euclidean space in the supercritical case. Recently, in [14], there has been a new kind of development of the one dimensional Hardy inequality. Using some radialisation techniques of functions and then exploiting symmetric decreasing rearrangement arguments on the real line, the new multidimensional version of the Hardy inequality is given. Some consequences are also discussed.
description: 15 pages; revised version with corrected formulations and arguments; to replace the previous version
Teichmuller geodesics that do not have a limit in PMF
Creators: name: Lenzhen, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F60, 37D40

description: We construct a Teichmuller geodesic which does not have a limit on the Thurston boundary of the Teichmuller space.
description: published version