cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The origin of ferromagnetic interactions in NaMnCl$_3$: how the response theory reconciles with Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules
Creators: name: Solovyev, I. V.
name: Ushakov, A. V.
name: Streltsov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The on-site Coulomb repulsion $U$ is the key ingredient for describing the magnetic properties of Mott insulators, leading to a popular believe that many limitations of the density-functional theory based methods can be cured by artificially incorporating such on-site interactions for localized electrons in the model form. The layered antiferromagnet NaMnCl$_3$ reveals quite a different story: while the Coulomb $U$ on the Mn sites controls the strength of antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions, an equally important parameter is the Stoner coupling ${\cal I}_{\rm Cl}$ on the ligand sites. The latter is responsible for large ferromagnetic contributions to the interatomic exchange interactions, which in NaMnCl$_3$ nearly cancel the effect of the superexchange interactions. Although such behavior is anticipated from the phenomenological Goodenough-Kamanori-Anderson rules, the quantitative description of the ligand-related contributions remains disputable. Considering NaMnCl$_3$ as an example, we discuss how they can be generally taken into account in the linear response theory to regain the dependence of the exchange interactions on ${\cal I}_{\rm Cl}$. The problem is complicated by the fact that, for the nearly filled Cl $3p$ shell, the parameters ${\cal I}_{\rm Cl}$ are sensitive to the model assumptions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Baikal-GVD Real-Time Data Processing and Follow-Up Analysis of GCN Notices
Creators: name: Aynutdinov, V. M.
name: Allakhverdyan, V. A.
name: Avrorin, A. D.
name: Avrorin, A. V.
name: Bardačová, Z.
name: Belolaptikov, I. A.
name: Bondarev, E. A.
name: Borina, I. V.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Chadymov, V. A.
name: Chepurnov, A. S.
name: Dik, V. Y.
name: Domogatsky, G. V.
name: Doroshenko, A. A.
name: Dvornický, R.
name: Dyachok, A. N.
name: Dzhilkibaev, Zh. -A. M.
name: Eckerová, E.
name: Elzhov, T. V.
name: Fajt, L.
name: Fomin, V. N.
name: Gafarov, A. R.
name: Golubkov, K. V.
name: Gorshkov, N. S.
name: Gress, T. I.
name: Kebkal, K. G.
name: Kharuk, I. V.
name: Khramov, E. V.
name: Kolbin, M. M.
name: Koligaev, S. O.
name: Konischev, K. V.
name: Korobchenko, A. V.
name: Koshechkin, A. P.
name: Kozhin, V. A.
name: Kruglov, M. V.
name: Kulepov, V. F.
name: Lemeshev, Y. E.
name: Milenin, M. B.
name: Mirgazov, R. R.
name: Naumov, D. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. S.
name: Petukhov, D. P.
name: Pliskovsky, E. N.
name: Rozanov, M. I.
name: Ryabov, E. V.
name: Safronov, G. B.
name: Seitova, D.
name: Shaybonov, B. A.
name: Shelepov, M. D.
name: Shilkin, S. D.
name: Shirokov, E. V.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Sirenko, A. E.
name: Skurikhin, A. V.
name: Solovjev, A. G.
name: Sorokovikov, M. N.
name: Štekl, I.
name: Stromakov, A. P.
name: Suvorova, O. V.
name: Tabolenko, V. A.
name: Ulzutuev, B. B.
name: Yablokova, Y. V.
name: Zaborov, D. N.
name: Zavyalov, S. I.
name: Zvezdov, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Baikal-GVD alert system was launched at the beginning of 2021. There are alerts for muon neutrinos (long upward-going track-like events) and all-flavour neutrinos (high-energy cascades). The system is able to get a preliminary response to external alerts with a temporal delay of about 3-10 minutes. The Baikal-GVD data processing and the results of the follow-up procedure are described. We report on the analysis of the coincidence in time and direction between the Baikal-GVD cascade GVD20211208CA with an estimated energy of 43 TeV and the announced alert IceCube211208A possibly associated with a flaring state of the blazar PKS 0735+178.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Pushing the limits of ab-initio-NEGF transport using efficient dissipative Mode-Space algorithms for realistic simulations of low-dimensional semiconductors including their oxide interfaces
Creators: name: Afzalian, Aryan
name: Ducry, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency for several flavors of the dissipative mode-space NEGF algorithm with the self-consistent Born approximation for DFT Hamiltonians. Using these models, we then demonstrate the dissipative self-consistent DFT-NEGF simulations of realistic 2D-material devices including their oxide interfaces with large slab dimensions (up to 1000 atoms) and up to several 100,000 atoms in the full device, pushing the limit of ab-initio transport.
Quasi-resonant van der Waals interaction between non-identical atoms
Creators: name: Donaire, Manuel
name: Guérout, Romain
name: Lambrecht, Astrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a time-dependent quantum calculation of the van der Waals interaction between a pair of dissimilar atoms, one of which is initially excited while the other one is in its ground state. For small detuning, the interaction is predominantly mediated at all distances by the exchange of doubly resonant photons between the two atoms. We find that it presents both temporal and spatial oscillations. Spatially oscillating terms depend on the resonant frequencies of both atoms, while the frequency of the time oscillations is given by their detuning. We analyse the physical content of our findings and discuss to what extent previous conflicting stationary approaches provide compatible results. A proper account of causality is found essential in order to obtain the correct result.
description: Appendix added and minor corrections made to agree with the published version
Spatial effects in parasite induced marine diseases of immobile hosts
Creators: name: Giménez-Romero, Àlex
name: Vazquez, Federico
name: López, Cristóbal
name: Matías, Manuel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emerging marine infectious diseases pose a substantial threat to marine ecosystems and the conservation of their biodiversity. Compartmental models of epidemic transmission in marine sessile organisms, available only recently, are based on non-spatial descriptions in which space is homogenised and parasite mobility is not explicitly accounted for. However, in realistic scenarios epidemic transmission is conditioned by the spatial distribution of hosts and the parasites mobility patterns, calling for a explicit description of space. In this work we develop a spatially-explicit individual-based model to study disease transmission by waterborne parasites in sessile marine populations. We investigate the impact of spatial disease transmission through extensive numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. Specifically, the effects of parasite mobility into the epidemic threshold and the temporal progression of the epidemic are assessed. We show that larger values of pathogen mobility imply more severe epidemics, as the number of infections increases, and shorter time-scales to extinction. An analytical expression for the basic reproduction number of the spatial model is derived as function of the non-spatial counterpart, which characterises a transition between a disease-free and a propagation phase, in which the disease propagates over a large fraction of the system.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Some weighted fourth-order Hardy-Henon equations
Creators: name: Deng, Shengbing
name: Tian, Xingliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: By using a suitable transform related to Sobolev inequality, we investigate the sharp constants and optimizers in radial space for the following weighted Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg-type inequalities: \begin{equation*} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|x|^α|Δu|^2 dx \geq S^{rad}(N,α)\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|x|^{-α}|u|^{p^*_α} dx\right)^{\frac{2}{p^*_α}}, \quad u\in C^\infty_c(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{equation*} where $N\geq 3$, $4-N<α<2$, $p^*_α=\frac{2(N-α)}{N-4+α}$. Then we obtain the explicit form of the unique (up to scaling) radial positive solution $U_{λ,α}$ to the weighted fourth-order Hardy (for $α>0$) or Hénon (for $α<0$) equation: \begin{equation*} Δ(|x|^αΔu)=|x|^{-α} u^{p^*_α-1},\quad u>0 \quad \mbox{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^N. \end{equation*} %Furthermore, we characterize all the solutions to the linearized problem related to above equation at $U_{1,α}$. For $α\neq 0$, it is known the solutions of above equation are invariant for dilations $λ^{\frac{N-4+α}{2}}u(λx)$ but not for translations. However we show that if $α$ is an even integer, there exist new solutions to the linearized problem, which related to above equation at $U_{1,α}$, that "replace" the ones due to the translations invariance. This interesting phenomenon was first shown by Gladiali, Grossi and Neves [Adv. Math. 249, 2013, 1-36] for the second-order Hénon problem. Finally, as applications, we investigate the reminder term of above inequality and also the existence of solutions to some related perturbed equations.
A bioluminescent caspase-1 activity assay rapidly monitors inflammasome activation in cells
Creators: name: Muñoz-Planillo, R.
name: Cali, J.
name: Scurria, M.
name: Bernad, L.
name: Lazar, D.
name: Moehring, D.
name: Ting, J.
name: Ugo, T.
name: O'Brien, M.
name: Núñez, G.
name: Callaway, J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2017

description: Inflammasomes are protein complexes induced by diverse inflammatory stimuli that activate caspase-1, resulting in the processing and release of cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis, an immunogenic form of cell death. To provide a homogeneous method for detecting caspase-1 activity, we developed a bioluminescent, plate-based assay that combines a substrate, Z-WEHD-aminoluciferin, with a thermostable luciferase in an optimized lytic reagent added directly to cultured cells. Assay specificity for caspase-1 is conferred by inclusion of a proteasome inhibitor in the lytic reagent and by use of a caspase-1 inhibitor to confirm activity. This approach enables a specific and rapid determination of caspase-1 activation. Caspase-1 activity is stable in the reagent thereby providing assay convenience and flexibility. Using this assay system, caspase-1 activation has been determined in THP-1 cells following treatment with α-hemolysin, LPS, nigericin, gramicidin, MSU, R848, Pam3CSK4, and flagellin. Caspase-1 activation has also been demonstrated in treated J774A.1 mouse macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice, as well as in human primary monocytes. Caspase-1 activity was not detected in treated BMDMs derived from Casp1−/− mice, further confirming the specificity of the assay. Caspase-1 activity can be measured directly in cultured cells using the lytic reagent, or caspase-1 activity released into medium can be monitored by assay of transferred supernatant. The caspase-1 assay can be multiplexed with other assays to monitor additional parameters from the same cells, such as IL-1β release or cell death. The caspase-1 assay in combination with a sensitive real-time monitor of cell death allows one to accurately establish pyroptosis. This assay system provides a rapid, convenient, and flexible method to specifically and quantitatively monitor caspase-1 activation in cells in a plate-based format. This will allow a more efficient and effective assessment of inflammasome activation as well as enable high-throughput screening for inflammasome modulators.
Universal Parity Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Fellner, Michael
name: Messinger, Anette
name: Ender, Kilian
name: Lechner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a universal gate set for quantum computing with all-to-all connectivity and intrinsic robustness to bit-flip errors based on parity encoding. We show that logical controlled phase gate and $R_z$ rotations can be implemented in parity encoding with single-qubit operations. Together with logical $R_x$ rotations, implemented via nearest-neighbor controlled-NOT gates and an $R_x$ rotation, these form a universal gate set. As the controlled phase gate requires only single-qubit rotations, the proposed scheme has advantages for several cornerstone quantum algorithms, e.g., the quantum Fourier transform. We present a method to switch between different encoding variants via partial on-the-fly encoding and decoding.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Applications of Universal Parity Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Fellner, Michael
name: Messinger, Anette
name: Ender, Kilian
name: Lechner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the applicability of a universal gate set in the parity encoding, which is a dual to the standard gate model, by exploring several quantum gate algorithms such as the quantum Fourier transform and quantum addition. Embedding these algorithms in the parity encoding reduces the circuit depth compared to conventional gate-based implementations while keeping the multiqubit gate counts comparable. We further propose simple implementations of multiqubit gates in tailored encodings and an efficient strategy to prepare graph states.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Cura: Curation at Social Media Scale
Creators: name: He, Wanrong
name: Gordon, Mitchell L.
name: Popowski, Lindsay
name: Bernstein, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How can online communities execute a focused vision for their space? Curation offers one approach, where community leaders manually select content to share with the community. Curation enables leaders to shape a space that matches their taste, norms, and values, but the practice is often intractable at social media scale: curators cannot realistically sift through hundreds or thousands of submissions daily. In this paper, we contribute algorithmic and interface foundations enabling curation at scale, and manifest these foundations in a system called Cura. Our approach draws on the observation that, while curators' attention is limited, other community members' upvotes are plentiful and informative of curators' likely opinions. We thus contribute a transformer-based curation model that predicts whether each curator will upvote a post based on previous community upvotes. Cura applies this curation model to create a feed of content that it predicts the curator would want in the community. Evaluations demonstrate that the curation model accurately estimates opinions of diverse curators, that changing curators for a community results in clearly recognizable shifts in the community's content, and that, consequently, curation can reduce anti-social behavior by half without extra moderation effort. By sampling different types of curators, Cura lowers the threshold to genres of curated social media ranging from editorial groups to stakeholder roundtables to democracies.
description: CSCW 2023
Optimal Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Charging with Deep Reinforcement Learning considering End Users Flexibility
Creators: name: Menos-Aikateriniadis, Christoforos
name: Sykiotis, Stavros
name: Georgilakis, Pavlos S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid growth of decentralized energy resources and especially Electric Vehicles (EV), that are expected to increase sharply over the next decade, will put further stress on existing power distribution networks, increasing the need for higher system reliability and flexibility. In an attempt to avoid unnecessary network investments and to increase the controllability over distribution networks, network operators develop demand response (DR) programs that incentivize end users to shift their consumption in return for financial or other benefits. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are in the research forefront for residential load scheduling applications, mainly due to their high accuracy, high computational speed and lower dependence on the physical characteristics of the models under development. The aim of this work is to identify households' EV cost-reducing charging policy under a Time-of-Use tariff scheme, with the use of Deep Reinforcement Learning, and more specifically Deep Q-Networks (DQN). A novel end users flexibility potential reward is inferred from historical data analysis, where households with solar power generation have been used to train and test the designed algorithm. The suggested DQN EV charging policy can lead to more than 20% of savings in end users electricity bills.
Inflammasomes in myeloid cells: Warriors within
Creators: name: Brickey, W.J.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Jha, S.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2017

description: The inflammasome is a large multimeric protein complex comprising an effector protein that demonstrates specificity for a variety of activators or ligands; an adaptor molecule; and procaspase-1, which is converted to caspase-1 upon inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are expressed primarily by myeloid cells and are located within the cell. The macromolecular inflammasome structure can be visualized by cryo-electron microscopy. This complex has been found to play a role in a variety of disease models in mice, and several have been genetically linked to human diseases. In most cases, the effector protein is a member of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing) or NOD (nucleotide oligomerization domain)-like receptor protein family. However, other effectors have also been described, with the most notable being AIM-2 (absent in melanoma 2), which recognizes DNA to elicit inflammasome function. This review will focus on the role of the inflammasome in myeloid cells and its role in health and disease.
Reversing SKI-SMAD4-mediated suppression is essential for TH17 cell differentiation
Creators: name: Wu, B.
name: Xu, X.
name: Ting, J.P.Y.
name: Zhang, G.
name: Wade, P.A.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Takaku, M.
name: Chen, X.
name: Serody, J.S.
name: Thomas, S.Y.
name: Wan, Y.Y.
name: Cook, D.N.
name: Zou, L.
name: Chou, W.-C.
name: Gu, A.-D.
name: Kong, Q.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2017

description: T helper 17 (TH17) cells are critically involved in host defence, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is instrumental in TH17 cell differentiation by cooperating with interleukin-6 (refs 6, 7). Yet, the mechanism by which TGFβ enables TH17 cell differentiation remains elusive. Here we reveal that TGFβ enables TH17 cell differentiation by reversing SKI-SMAD4-mediated suppression of the expression of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt). We found that, unlike wild-type T cells, SMAD4-deficient T cells differentiate into TH17 cells in the absence of TGFβ signalling in a RORγt-dependent manner. Ectopic SMAD4 expression suppresses RORγt expression and TH17 cell differentiation of SMAD4-deficient T cells. However, TGFβ neutralizes SMAD4-mediated suppression without affecting SMAD4 binding to the Rorc locus. Proteomic analysis revealed that SMAD4 interacts with SKI, a transcriptional repressor that is degraded upon TGFβ stimulation. SKI controls histone acetylation and deacetylation of the Rorc locus and TH17 cell differentiation via SMAD4: ectopic SKI expression inhibits H3K9 acetylation of the Rorc locus, Rorc expression, and TH17 cell differentiation in a SMAD4-dependent manner. Therefore, TGFβ-induced disruption of SKI reverses SKI-SMAD4-mediated suppression of RORγt to enable TH17 cell differentiation. This study reveals a critical mechanism by which TGFβ controls TH17 cell differentiation and uncovers the SKI-SMAD4 axis as a potential therapeutic target for treating TH17-related diseases.
Minisurf – A minimal surface generator for finite element modeling and additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Hsieh, Meng
name: Valdevit, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 100404 Regenerative Medicine (incl. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering)
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: 80306 Open Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 91205 Functional Materials

description: Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) have long been studied by mathematicians but have recently garnered significant interest from the engineering community as ideal topologies for shell-based architected materials with both mechanical and functional applications. Here, we present a TPMS generator, MiniSurf. It combines surface visualization and CAD file generation (for both finite element modeling and additive manufacturing) within one single GUI. MiniSurf presently can generate 19 built-in and one user-defined triply periodic minimal surfaces based on their level-set surface approximations. Users can fully control the periodicity and precision of the generated surfaces. We show that MiniSurf can potentially be a very useful tool in designing and fabricating architected materials.
Ihr Weg zur Easy Reading Trägerschaft - Katalog über Hintergründe, Anforderungen & Potentiale
Creators: name: Pelka, Bastian
name: Heitplatz, Vanessa Nina
name: Lueg, Marie-Christin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Dieser Katalog dient dem Zweck, Ihnen auf einen Blick und in einem Dokument die wichtigsten Informationen rund um eine Easy Reading Trägerschaft zur Verfügung zu stellen. Dazu ist der Katalog dreigeteilt. Zunächst finden Sie in einem ersten Kapitel die wichtigsten Informationen zum Easy Reading Framework und dem Projekt in Kürze zusammengefasst. Dabei wird die Easy Reading Toolbar erläutert, Informationen zur Entstehungsgeschichte erläutert sowie unsere Projekt-Vision dargestellt. In einem zweiten Kapitel haben wir für Sie relevante Hinweise und Informationen zu einer Easy Reading Trägerschaft dargestellt. Diese beinhaltet FAQs sowie ein Überblick über Mehrwerte, Potentiale und aktuellen Herausforderungen. Zuletzt geben wir Ihnen in einem dritten Kapitel einen Überblick über unsere SupportMöglichkeiten für Sie. Jedes Kapitel beinhaltet zudem eine Leitfrage für einen besseren und schnelleren Einstieg in die jeweiligen Kapitel. Nehmen Sie sich gerne die Zeit, die Hinweis und Informationen zu lesen und scheuen Sie sich nicht, uns zu kontaktieren, wenn noch offene Fragen bestehen. Auf der letzten Seite sind unsere Kontaktdaten für Sie übersichtlich zusammengefasst.
Trapped-mode excitation in all-dielectric metamaterials with loss and gain
Creators: name: Hlushchenko, Anton V.
name: Novitsky, Denis V.
name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian photonics based on combining loss and gain media within a single optical system provides a number of approaches to control and generate the flow of light. In this paper, we show that by introducing non-Hermitian perturbation into the system with loss and gain constituents, the high-quality resonances known as trapped modes can be excited without the need to change the symmetry of the unit cell geometry. To demonstrate this idea, we consider a widely used all-dielectric planar metamaterial whose unit cell consists of a pair of rectangular nanoantennas made of ordinal (with loss) and doped (with gain) silicon. Since the quality factor of the trapped-mode resonance can be controlled by changing both spatial symmetry and non-Hermiticity, varying loss and gain allows us to compensate for the influence of asymmetry and restore the quality factor of the localized mode. The results obtained suggest new ways to achieve high-quality resonances in non-Hermitian metamaterials promising for many practical applications in nanophotonics.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Deliverable D-JRP15-FED-AMR-WP2.6 16S metagenomics results: Microbial biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of ARBs over ecosystem boundaries (T2.3, T2.6)
Creators: name: Cabal Rosel, Adriana
name: Caniça, Manuela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FED-AMR
16S
Ecosystem

description: OHEJP Project: FED-AMR
Shape dimension of maps
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, Pavel S.
name: Pop, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P55, 54C56

description: In this paper we define a numerical shape invariant of a continuous map called shape dimension of a map, which generalizes the shape dimension of a topological space. Some basic properties and applications of this invariant are given. The question of raising the shape dimension by shape finite-dimensional maps is solved. An example of a shape finite-dimensional surjective map between shape infinite-dimensional spaces is given.
description: 8 pages
An NLRP3 Mutation Causes Arthropathy and Osteoporosis in Humanized Mice
Creators: name: Bateman, T.A.
name: Koller, B.H.
name: Nguyen, M.
name: Dye, R.
name: Repenning, P.W.
name: Livingston, E.W.
name: Snouwaert, J.N.
name: Kovarova, M.
name: Brigman, B.E.
name: Moy, S.S.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2016

description: The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in host defense by facilitating caspase I activation and maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, whereas dysregulation of inflammasome activity results in autoinflammatory disease. Factors regulating human NLRP3 activity that contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of NLRP3-related diseases have largely been inferred from the study of Nlrp3 mutant mice. By generating a mouse line in which the NLRP3 locus is humanized by syntenic replacement, we show the functioning of the human NLRP3 proteins in vivo, demonstrating the ability of the human inflammasome to orchestrate immune reactions in response to innate stimuli. Humanized mice expressing disease-associated mutations develop normally but display acute sensitivity to endotoxin and develop progressive and debilitating arthritis characterized by granulocytic infiltrates, elevated cytokines, erosion of bones, and osteoporosis. This NLRP3-dependent arthritis model provides a platform for testing therapeutic reagents targeting the human inflammasome.
title: Prämakuläres Gewebe bei traktiven Makulopathien
Creators: name: Vogt, Denise
Publisher: name: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Traktive Makulopathie, Epiretinale Membran, Makulaschichtforamen, Pseudoforamen, Makulaforamen, Spektral-Domain optische Kohärenztomographie, Immunfluoreszenz, Elektronenmikroskopie
subject: 600
subject: 610
subject: FOS: Medical and Health Sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Diese vorliegende kumulative Habilitationsschrift beschreibt Vorkommen und Charakteristika prämakulärer Membranen im Bereich der vitreoretinalen Grenzfläche bei traktiven Makulopathien wie dem Makulaschichtforamen und dem Pseudoforamen der Makula, der Foveoschisis bei idiopathischer epiretinaler Membran (iERM-Foveoschisis), dem durchgreifenden Makulaforamen, dem idiopathischen Macular pucker sowie der proliferativen Vitreoretinopathie. Grundlage sind acht ausgewählte Originalarbeiten, die den klinischen Verlauf sowie immunhistologische und ultrastrukturelle Eigenschaften der vitreoretinalen Grenzfläche einschließlich prämakulärer Membranen und innerer Grenzmembran (ILM) bei diesen Krankheitsbildern darstellen und vergleichen. Die vorgelegten, ausgesuchten Arbeiten umfassen klinische Studien sowie klinisch-pathologische Untersuchungen, bei denen die chirurgisch exzidierten Präparate mittels Flachschnittpräparation für die Phasen- und Interferenzmikroskopie, Immunhistologie und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie aufbereitet wurden. Auch die Entwicklung eines erfolgreich etablierten Zellkulturmodells wird beschrieben und erläutert.
Experimental single-setting quantum state tomography
Creators: name: Stricker, Roman
name: Meth, Michael
name: Postler, Lukas
name: Edmunds, Claire
name: Ferrie, Chris
name: Blatt, Rainer
name: Schindler, Philipp
name: Monz, Thomas
name: Kueng, Richard
name: Ringbauer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers solve ever more complex tasks using steadily growing system sizes. Characterizing these quantum systems is vital, yet becoming increasingly challenging. The gold-standard is quantum state tomography (QST), capable of fully reconstructing a quantum state without prior knowledge. Measurement and classical computing costs, however, increase exponentially in the system size - a bottleneck given the scale of existing and near-term quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate a scalable and practical QST approach that uses a single measurement setting, namely symmetric informationally complete (SIC) positive operator-valued measures (POVM). We implement these nonorthogonal measurements on an ion trap device by utilizing more energy levels in each ion - without ancilla qubits. More precisely, we locally map the SIC POVM to orthogonal states embedded in a higher-dimensional system, which we read out using repeated in-sequence detections, providing full tomographic information in every shot. Combining this SIC tomography with the recently developed randomized measurement toolbox ("classical shadows") proves to be a powerful combination. SIC tomography alleviates the need for choosing measurement settings at random ("derandomization"), while classical shadows enable the estimation of arbitrary polynomial functions of the density matrix orders of magnitudes faster than standard methods. The latter enables in-depth entanglement studies, which we experimentally showcase on a 5-qubit absolutely maximally entangled (AME) state. Moreover, the fact that the full tomography information is available in every shot enables online QST in real time. We demonstrate this on an 8-qubit entangled state, as well as for fast state identification. All in all, these features single out SIC-based classical shadow estimation as a highly scalable and convenient tool for quantum state characterization.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures
Aplicación de Machine Learning para la Estimación de la Biomasa Forestal con Sensores Remotos
Creators: name: Cárdenas Domínguez, José Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Machine Learning
Support Vector Regression
Random Forest
Remote Sensing

description: La cobertura boscosa de ecosistemas templados que se distribuye en el territorio mexicano, constituye un importante sumidero de carbono, hecho que tiene como potencial la disminución de efectos adversos que contribuyan negativamente al cambio climático. El estado de Durango presenta una amplia extensión de bosque templado, por lo cual es el principal productor forestal maderable de la república mexicana, actividad relevante en la gestión de los recursos forestales que contribuyen a la captura de carbono. Los objetivos planteados en esta tesis fueron que a través de la implementación de métodos geomáticos, sensores remotos, técnicas estadísticas de machine learning (RF y SVR) y biomasa estimada con variables dasométricas, se lograra establecer un modelo geoespacial que permitiera predecir la distribución espacial de la biomasa en el estado de Durango, específicamente en el área de bosques templados. Se desarrollaron múltiples campos de investigación geomática mediante la implementación de programación y modelación estadística satelital, y métodos geoestadísticos. El procesamiento de la información mediante estas metodologías, permitió confeccionar la base de datos geoespacial que conformarían las cuarenta y cuatro variables predictivas. El rendimiento estadístico de los modelos de machine learning evaluados denota que SVR es un modelo robusto y estable en la evaluación de grandes bases de datos espaciales, ya que, dentro de su entrenamiento y optimización, ninguna variable necesita ser excluida. El costo computacional de SVR es mejor respecto a RF. Se precisa que con SVR se obtiene una confiabilidad estadística del 80 % en la estimación de la biomasa forestal en el estado de Durango, por lo cual se puede considerar un modelo de fácil aplicación, bajo costo computacional y muy optimo en la estimación de atributos forestales.
Forecasts for the detection of the magnetised cosmic web from cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Ferrari, C.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Gheller, C.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic web contains a large fraction of the total gas mass in the universe but is difficult to detect at most wavelengths. Synchrotron emission from shock-accelerated electrons may offer the chance of imaging the cosmic web at radio wavelengths. In this work we use 3D cosmological ENZO-MHD simulations (combined with a post-processing renormalisation of the magnetic field to bracket for missing physical ingredients and resolution effects) to produce models of the radio emission from the cosmic web. In post-processing we study the capabilities of 13 large radio surveys to detect this emission. We find that surveys by LOFAR, SKA1-LOW and MWA have a chance of detecting the cosmic web, provided that the magnetisation level of the tenuous medium in filaments is of the order of 1% of the thermal gas energy.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures. A&A accepted, in press. The public repository of radio maps for the full volumes studied in this work is available at http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/Ins/Per/Vazza/projects/Public_data.html
The pathogenic role of the inflammasome in neurodegenerative diseases
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Freeman, L.C.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2016

description: The inflammasome is a large macromolecular complex that contains multiple copies of a receptor or sensor of pathogen-derived or damage-derived molecular patterns, pro-caspase-1, and an adaptor called ASC (apoptotic speck containing protein with a CARD), which results in caspase-1 maturation. Caspase-1 then mediates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines play critical roles in mediating immune responses during inflammation and innate immunity. Broader studies of the inflammasome over the years have implicated their roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Recently, studies have shown that the inflammasome modulates neuroinflammatory cells and the initial stages of neuroinflammation. A secondary cascade of events associated with neuroinflammation (such as oxidative stress) has been shown to activate the inflammasome, making the inflammasome a promising therapeutic target in the modulation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the pathogenic role that inflammasomes play in neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.
Phonon-Mediated Quasiparticle Lifetime Renormalizations in Few-Layer Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Røst, Håkon I.
name: Cooil, Simon P.
name: Åsland, Anna Cecilie
name: Hu, Jinbang
name: Ali, Ayaz
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Belle, Branson D.
name: Holst, Bodil
name: Sadowski, Jerzy T.
name: Mazzola, Federico
name: Wells, Justin W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the collective behavior of the quasiparticles in solid-state systems underpins the field of non-volatile electronics, including the opportunity to control many-body effects for well-desired physical phenomena and their applications. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a wide energy bandgap semiconductor, showing immense potential as a platform for low-dimensional device heterostructures. It is an inert dielectric used for gated devices, having a negligible orbital hybridization when placed in contact with other systems. Despite its inertness, we discover a large electron mass enhancement in few-layer hBN affecting the lifetime of the $π$-band states. We show that the renormalization is phonon-mediated and consistent with both single- and multiple-phonon scattering events. Our findings thus unveil a so-far unknown many-body state in a wide-bandgap insulator, having important implications for devices using hBN as one of their building blocks.
description: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters, copyright $\copyright$ 2022 The Authors, licensed under CC-BY 4.0 after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02086
Reining in uncontrolled inflammasome with PKA
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Swanson, K.V.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2016

description: During the course of infection, the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) can lead to inflammasome formation, with subsequent activation of ccaspase-1, secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and cell death via pyroptosis. However, this process must be tightly controlled, as uncontrolled inflammasome activation can lead to a plethora of disease outcomes. In this issue, Mortimer et al. describe how phosphorylation of the PRR NLRP3 by the kinase PKA, after inflammasome activation, attenuates the inflammasome to halt the inflammatory response3. Gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding NLRP3 cause a family of related autoimmune disorders called ‘CAPS’ (‘cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome’) that result in aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with uncontrolled secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. The authors also provide insight into why some of the NLRP3 mutations that induce CAPS drive unregulated activation of the inflammasome.
Stylistic Fingerprints, POS-tags and Inflected Languages: A Case Study in Polish
Creators: name: Eder, Maciej
name: Górski, Rafał. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.7
subject: 62H30

description: In stylometric investigations, frequencies of the most frequent words (MFWs) and character n-grams outperform other style-markers, even if their performance varies significantly across languages. In inflected languages, word endings play a prominent role, and hence different word forms cannot be recognized using generic text tokenization. Countless inflected word forms make frequencies sparse, making most statistical procedures complicated. Presumably, applying one of the NLP techniques, such as lemmatization and/or parsing, might increase the performance of classification. The aim of this paper is to examine the usefulness of grammatical features (as assessed via POS-tag n-grams) and lemmatized forms in recognizing authorial profiles, in order to address the underlying issue of the degree of freedom of choice within lexis and grammar. Using a corpus of Polish novels, we performed a series of supervised authorship attribution benchmarks, in order to compare the classification accuracy for different types of lexical and syntactic style-markers. Even if the performance of POS-tags as well as lemmatized forms was notoriously worse than that of lexical markers, the difference was not substantial and never exceeded ca. 15%.
Designing and validating a high-risk skin cancer screening program in Rhode Island
Creators: name: Sachar, M., Almeida-DoRosario1, A. Kawaoka, J. Fulton, J. Lee,
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cancer

description: The incidence of melanoma has increased steadily in the United States over several decades, doubling in the years between 1982 and 2011. The incidence of melanoma, currently at 19.7/100,000 person years, is projected to continue to rise. This tumor is responsible for the majority of skin cancer related deaths, totaling approximately 9000 person per year. Without intervention, the annual cost of treating new melanomas in the United States is projected to increase from $457 million in 2011 to $1.6 billion in 2030.3 These costs and associated mortality of melanomas can be reduced through public health measures. In Rhode Island, melanoma incidence has increased 86% compared to an increase of 64% in the national population since 1987 (infographic). More concerning, mortality rates from melanoma in Rhode Island have increased 4% compared to 0% in the national population since 1987 (infographic). The Center for Disease Control’s Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends community-based public health programs in combating the rise in melanoma, using educational, environmental, and policy interventions. Skin cancer screenings by dermatologists in at-risk populations may help to facilitate the diagnosis and mortality of melanoma through early detection.
Recombination mechanism for $D^{0}$-meson production and $D^{0}\!-\!\bar{D^{0}}$ production asymmetry in the LHCb $p\!+\!\!^{20}\!N\!e$ fixed-target experiment
Creators: name: Maciula, Rafal
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss production of neutral $D$ mesons in proton-proton collisions at the LHC (fixed target mode) in the framework of the BJM recombination model. We present rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of $D$ mesons and compare the recombination contribution to the dominant gluon-gluon fusion mechanism. Both the direct production, as dictated by the matrix element, and fragmentation of the associated $c$ or $\bar c$ are included. The latter mechanism generates $D$ mesons with smaller rapidities than those produced directly. We calculate the $D^0 + {\bar D^{0}}$ meson distributions relevant for fixed target $p\!+\!\!^{4}\!H\!e$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 86.6 GeV as well as for $p\!+\!\!^{20}\!N\!e$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 69 GeV. The recombination component is consistent with the LHCb data and in addition results in production asymmetry. The asymmetries in $D^{0}\!-\!\bar{D^{0}}$ production as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are shown and the cancellation of terms for direct production and associated $c/{\bar c}$ fragmentation is discussed.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.09370
Mechanism of Local Lattice Distortion Effects on Vacancy Migration Barriers in FCC Alloys
Creators: name: Xi, Zhucong
name: Zhang, Mingfei
name: Hector, Louis G.
name: Misra, Amit
name: Qi, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate prediction of vacancy migration energy barriers, $ΔE_a$, in multi-component alloys is extremely challenging yet critical for the development of diffusional transformation kinetics needed to model alloy behavior in many technological applications. Here, results from $ΔE_a$ and the energy driving force $ΔE$ of many (>1000) vacancy migration events calculated using density functional theory and nudged elastic band method show large changes (~1eV) of $ΔE_a$ in different local chemical environments of the model face-centered cubic Al-Mg-Zn alloys. Due to local lattice distortion effects induced by solute atoms (such as Mg) with different sizes than the matrix element (Al), the changes of $ΔE_a$ for one type of migrating atoms originate primarily from fluctuations of $Δe_a\equiv ΔE_a - \frac{1}{2}ΔE$. To understand the fluctuations, a quartic function is shown to accurately describe the energy landscape of the minimum energy path (MEP) for each vacancy migration event. Analyses of the quartic function show that $Δe_a$ can be approximated with $Δe_a \approx αk_fD^2$, where $α\sim 0.022$ is a constant of all types of migrating atoms. Here $D$ is the distance of a migrating atom between two adjacent equilibrium positions and $k_f$ is the average vibration spring constant of this atom at these two equilibrium positions. $k_f$ and $D$ quantitatively describe the lattice distortion effects on the curvatures and locations of the MEP at its initial and final states in different local chemical environments. We also used the local lattice occupations as inputs to train surrogate models to predict coefficients of the quartic function, which accurately and efficiently output both $ΔE_a$ and $ΔE$ as the necessary inputs for the mesoscale studies of diffusional transformation in Al-Mg-Zn alloys.
The digital birth of an African city. The case of Douala (Cameroon)
Creators: name: Pucciarelli, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Access to knowledge in Africa
Digital city in Africa
Hybrid city in In Africa
Douala
Urban social representations
Access to information in Africa
ICT4D
Cameroon

description: PhD thesis This dissertation focuses on the online communication and representation of a digital city in Africa: Douala, the largest city of the Republic of Cameroon. In particular, it explores the evolution of the web-based reproduction (Couclelis, 2004) of Douala from a chronological, spatial and representational perspective, with the purpose of understanding how its representation is produced and its relations with the physical city.
Delta baryons in neutron stars
Creators: name: Marquez, Kauan D.
name: Pais, Helena
name: Menezes, Débora P.
name: Providência, Constança
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying a relativistic mean-field description of neutron star matter with density dependent couplings, we analyse the properties of two different matter compositions: nucleonic matter with delta baryons and nucleonic matter with hyperons and delta baryons. The delta-meson couplings are allowed to vary within a wide range of values obtained by experimental data, while the hyperon-meson couplings are fitted to hypernuclear properties. Neutron star properties with no deconfinement phase transition are studied. It is verified that many models are excluded because the effective nucleon mass becomes zero before the maximum mass configuration is attained. Hyperon-free with delta-dominated composition compact stars are possible, the deltic stars. It is found that with a convenient choice of parameters the existence of deltic stars with 80% of delta baryons at the center of the star is possible. However, the presence of hyperons lowers the delta baryon fraction to values below 20% at the center and below 30% at 2-3 saturation densities. It is discussed that in the presence of delta baryons, the hyperon softening is not so drastic because deltas couple more strongly to the $ω$-meson, and the stiffness of the equation of state is determined by the $ω$-dominance at high densities. The speed of sound reflects very well this behavior. The compactness of the pulsar RX J0720.4-3125 imposes $x_{σΔ}>x_{ωΔ}>1$ and favors $x_{ρΔ}>1$.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures