cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Media Summary from Physics of unsteady thrust and flow generation by a flexible surface flapping in the absence of a free stream.
Creators: name: Shinde, Sachin Y.
name: Jaywant H. Arakeri
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Inspired by the flexible wings and fins of flying and swimming animals, we investigate the flow induced by the interaction between a flapping flexible surface and the surrounding fluid for the limiting case of Strouhal number St → ∞ (zero free-stream speed). The model selected for this purpose is a two-dimensional sinusoidally pitching rigid symmetric foil to which is attached at the trailing edge a thin chordwise flexible surface (along the chord line). The flow so generated is a coherent jet aligned along the foil centreline, containing a reverse Bénard–Kármán vortex street and delivering a corresponding unidirectional thrust. We analyse the flow and thrust generation process. The measured velocity field suggests that the flow and thrust generation mainly occurs during the phases when the trailing edge is near the centreline. Flexibility of the surface is important in accelerating the near-wake flow and in transferring momentum and energy to the fluid. We present a detailed account of when and where the momentum and energy are added to the fluid. This study shows that the deformations of the flexible surface are responsible for generating a favourable pressure gradient along the jet direction, and for the observed unsteady actuator disc-type action.
The Chemistry of the Reaction Determines the Invariant Amino Acids during the Evolution and Divergence of Orotidine 5′-Monophosphate Decarboxylase
Creators: name: Temple, B. R.S.
name: Traut, T. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase has the largest rate enhancement for any known enzyme. For an average protein of 270 amino acids from more than 80 species, only 8 amino acids are invariant, and 7 of these correspond to ligand-binding residues in the crystal structures of the enzyme from four species. It appears that the chemistry required for catalysis determines the invariant residues for this enzyme structure. A motif of three invariant amino acids at the catalytic site (DXKXXD) is also found in the enzyme hexulose-phosphate synthase. Although the core of OMP decarboxylase is conserved, it has undergone a variety of changes in subunit size or fusion to other protein domains, such as orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, during evolution in different kingdoms. The phylogeny of OMP decarboxylase shows a unique subgroup distinct from the three kingdoms of life. The enzyme subunit size almost doubles from Archaea (average mass of 24.5 kDa) to certain fungi (average mass of 41.7 kDa). These observed changes in subunit size are produced by insertions at 12 sites, largely in loops and on the exterior of the core protein. The consensus for all sequences has a minimal size of <20 kDa.
The Efficiency and Fidelity of Translesion Synthesis past Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin GpG Adducts by Human DNA Polymerase β
Creators: name: Chaney, Stephen G.
name: Vaisman, Alexandra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is the only mammalian DNA polymerase identified to date that can catalyze extensive bypass of platinum-DNA adducts in vitro. Previous studies suggest that DNA synthesis by pol beta is distributive on primed single-stranded DNA and processive on gapped DNA. The data presented in this paper provide an analysis of translesion synthesis past cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-DNA adducts by pol beta functioning in both distributive and processive modes using primer extension and steady-state kinetic experiments. Translesion synthesis past Pt-DNA adducts was greater with gapped DNA templates than with single-stranded DNA templates. In the processive mode pol beta did not discriminate between cisplatin and oxaliplatin adducts, while in the distributive mode it displayed about 2-fold increased ability for translesion synthesis past oxaliplatin compared with cisplatin adducts. The differentiation between cisplatin and oxaliplatin adducts resulted from a K(m)-mediated increase in the efficiency of dCTP incorporation across from the 3'-G of oxaliplatin-GG adducts. Rates of misincorporation across platinated guanines determined by the steady-state kinetic assay were higher in reactions with primed single-stranded templates than with gapped DNA and a slight increase in the misincorporation of dTTP across from the 3'-G was found for oxaliplatin compared with cisplatin adducts.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Heliophysics and Astrophysics
Creators: name: Miesch, Mark S.
name: Matthaeus, William H.
name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Petrosyan, Arakel
name: Pouquet, Annick
name: Cambon, Claude
name: Jenko, Frank
name: Uzdensky, Dmitri
name: Stone, James
name: Tobias, Steve
name: Toomre, Juri
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We live in an age in which high-performance computing is transforming the way we do science. Previously intractable problems are now becoming accessible by means of increasingly realistic numerical simulations. One of the most enduring and most challenging of these problems is turbulence. Yet, despite these advances, the extreme parameter regimes encountered in space physics and astrophysics (as in atmospheric and oceanic physics) still preclude direct numerical simulation. Numerical models must take a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, explicitly computing only a fraction of the active dynamical scales. The success of such an approach hinges on how well the model can represent the subgrid-scales (SGS) that are not explicitly resolved. In addition to the parameter regime, heliophysical and astrophysical applications must also face an equally daunting challenge: magnetism. The presence of magnetic fields in a turbulent, electrically conducting fluid flow can dramatically alter the coupling between large and small scales, with potentially profound implications for LES/SGS modeling. In this review article, we summarize the state of the art in LES modeling of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. After discussing the nature of MHD turbulence and the small-scale processes that give rise to energy dissipation, plasma heating, and magnetic reconnection, we consider how these processes may best be captured within an LES/SGS framework. We then consider several specific applications in heliophysics and astrophysics, assessing triumphs, challenges, and future directions.
description: 51 pages, 6 figures (Figs 2, 3, and 4 color), accepted to Space Science Reviews (in press). The paper is a product of a workshop on "LES Modeling in MHD Turbulence" held in Boulder, CO in May, 2013, sponsored by the Geophysical Turbulence Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research
The electron-phonon processes of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
Creators: name: Plakhotnik, Taras
name: Doherty, Marcus W.
name: Manson, Neil B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applications of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond exploit the center's unique optical and spin properties, which at ambient temperature, are predominately governed by electron-phonon interactions. Here, we investigate these interactions at ambient and elevated temperatures by observing the motional narrowing of the center's excited state spin resonances. We determine that the center's Jahn-Teller dynamics are much slower than currently believed and identify the vital role of symmetric phonon modes. Our results have pronounced implications for center's diverse applications (including quantum technology) and for understanding its fundamental properties.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Focal Adhesion Kinase Suppresses Transformation-associated, Anchorage-independent Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells: INVOLVEMENT OF DEATH RECEPTOR-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS
Creators: name: Cance, William G.
name: Baldwin Jr., Albert S.
name: Xu, Li Hui
name: Yang, Xihui
name: Bradham, Cynthia A.
name: Craven, Rolf J.
name: Brenner, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a mediator of cell-extracellular matrix signaling events and is overexpressed in tumor cells. In order to rapidly down-regulate FAK function in normal and transformed mammary cells, we have used adenoviral gene transduction of the carboxyl-terminal domain of FAK (FAK-CD). Transduction of adenovirus containing FAK-CD in breast cancer cells caused loss of adhesion, degradation of p125(FAK), and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, breast tumor cells that were viable without matrix attachment also underwent apoptosis upon interruption of FAK function, demonstrating that FAK is a survival signal in breast tumor cells even in the absence of matrix signaling. In addition, both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent apoptotic signaling required Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8, suggesting that a death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway is involved. Finally, FAK-CD had no effect on adhesion or viability in normal mammary cells, despite the loss of tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(FAK). These results indicate that FAK-mediated signaling is required for both cell adhesion and anchorage-independent survival and the disruption of FAK function involves the Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8 apoptotic pathway.
Menggunakan Mendeley sebagai Aplikasi sitasi dan referensi Manager
Creators: name: Hananto, April Lia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: mendeley, aplikasi referensi, sitasi

description: Menggunakan Mendeley sebagai Aplikasi sitasi dan referensi Manager dengan menggunakan plugin di MS Word dan Web Browser memudahkan pengelolaan referensi
Complete lift of vector fields and sprays to $T^\infty M$
Creators: name: Suri, Ali
name: Rastegarzadeh, Somaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58B25, Secondary 58A05

description: In this paper for a given Banach, possibly infinite dimensional, manifold $M$ we focus on the geometry of its iterated tangent bundle $T^rM$, $r\in {\N}\cup\{\infty\}$. First we endow $T^rM$ with a canonical atlas using that of $M$. Then the concepts of vertical and complete lifts for functions and vector fields on $T^rM$ are defined which they will play a pivotal role in our next studies i.e. complete lift of (semi)sprays. Afterward we supply $T^\infty M$ with a generalized Fréchet manifold structure and we will show that any vector field or (semi)spray on $M$, can be lifted to a vector field or (semi)spray on $T^\infty M$. Then, despite of the natural difficulties with non-Banach modeled manifolds, we will discuss about the ordinary differential equations on $T^\infty M$ including integral curves, flows and geodesics. Finally, as an example, we apply our results to the infinite dimensional case of manifold of closed curves.
(1889) Ann [Huster]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Augments Fas-induced Apoptosis in Mouse Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Lemasters, John J.
name: Bradham, Cynthia A.
name: Stark, Alexander
name: Brenner, David A.
name: Hatano, Etsuro
name: Iimuro, Yuji
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 and Fas recruit overlapping signaling pathways. To clarify the differences between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and Fas pathways in hepatocyte apoptosis, primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with TNFalpha or an agonist anti-Fas antibody after infection with an adenovirus expressing an IkappaB superrepressor (Ad5IkappaB). Treatment with TNFalpha induced apoptosis in Ad5IkappaB-infected mouse hepatocytes, as we previously reported for rat hepatocytes. Ad5IkappaB plus anti-Fas antibody or actinomycin D plus anti-Fas antibody rapidly induced apoptosis, whereas anti-Fas antibody alone produced little cytotoxicity. The proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) and a dominant-negative mutant of nuclear factor-kappaB-inducing kinase also promoted TNFalpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Expression of either crmA or a dominant-negative mutant of the Fas-associated death domain protein prevented TNFalpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the caspase inhibitors, DEVD-cho and IETD-fmk, inhibited TNFalpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis. In Ad5IkappaB-infected hepatocytes, caspases-3 and -8 were activated within 2 h after treatment with anti-Fas antibody or within 6 h after TNFalpha treatment. Confocal microscopy demonstrated onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and mitochondrial depolarization by 2-3 h after anti-Fas antibody treatment and 8-10 h after TNFalpha treatment, followed by cytochrome c release. The combination of the MPT inhibitors, cyclosporin A, and trifluoperazine, protected Ad5IkappaB-infected hepatocytes from TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis. After anti-Fas antibody, cyclosporin A and trifluoperazine decreased cytochrome c release but did not prevent caspase-3 activation and cell-death. In conclusion, nuclear factor-kappaB activation protects mouse hepatocytes against both TNFalpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis. TNFalpha and Fas recruit similar but nonidentical, pathways signaling apoptosis. The MPT is obligatory for TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. In Fas-mediated apoptosis, the MPT accelerates the apoptogenic events but is not obligatory for them.
The Noncatalytic Domain of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase-PEST Targets Paxillin for Dephosphorylation in Vivo
Creators: name: Lyonst, Patrick
name: Veillette, André
name: Shen, Yu
name: Schaller, Michael D.
name: Cooley, Marion
name: Salgiall, Ravi
name: Griffin, James D.
name: Davidson, Dominique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The noncatalytic domain of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST contains a binding site for the focal adhesion-associated protein paxillin. This binding site has been narrowed to a 52-residue sequence that is composed of two nonoverlapping, weak paxillin binding sites. The PTP-PEST binding site on paxillin has been mapped to the two carboxyl-terminal LIM (lin11, isl-1, and mec-3) domains. Transient expression of PTP-PEST reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130(cas), as anticipated. A PTP-PEST mutant defective for binding p130(cas) does not cause a reduction in its tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo. Expression of PTP-PEST also caused a reduction of phosphotyrosine on paxillin. Expression of mutants of PTP-PEST with deletions in the paxillin-binding site did not associate with paxillin in vivo and failed to cause a reduction in the phosphotyrosine content of paxillin. These results demonstrate that paxillin can serve as a PTP-PEST substrate in vivo and support the model that a noncatalytic domain interaction recruits paxillin to PTP-PEST to facilitate its dephosphorylation.
Readme from Physics of unsteady thrust and flow generation by a flexible surface flapping in the absence of free stream
Creators: name: Shinde, Sachin Y.
name: Jaywant H. Arakeri
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Provides information on the ESM files and how to open them
Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser 529 Is Controlled by Casein Kinase II
Creators: name: Hanson, J. L.
name: Baldwin A.S., Jr
name: Westerheide, S. D.
name: Wang, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel transcription factors are key regulators of a variety of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB/Rel proteins are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB inhibitor proteins. Many extracellular stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), cause rapid phosphorylation of IkappaB at N-terminal serine residues leading to ubiquitination and degradation of the inhibitor. Subsequently, NF-kappaB proteins translocate to the nucleus and activate gene expression through kappaB response elements. TNFalpha, as well as certain other stimuli, also induces the phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB proteins. Previously, we have shown that TNFalpha induces RelA/p65 phosphorylation at serine 529 and that this inducible phosphorylation increases NF-kappaB transcriptional activity on an exogenously supplied reporter (). In this report, we demonstrate that casein kinase II (CKII) interacts with p65 in vivo and can phosphorylate p65 at serine 529 in vitro. A CKII inhibitor (PD144795) inhibited TNFalpha-induced p65 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential. These data may explain the ability of CKII to modulate cell growth and demonstrate a mechanism whereby CKII can function in an inducible manner.
Race, ethnicity, nativity and perceptions of health risk during the covid-19 pandemic in the us
Creators: name: Jamieson, Thomas
name: Caldwell, D
name: Gomez-Aguinaga, B
name: Doña-Reveco, C
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4403
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Previous research demonstrates that pandemics, including COVID-19, have disproportionate effects on communities of color, further exacerbating existing healthcare inequities. While increasing evidence points to the greater threat posed by COVID-19 to Latinx communities, less remains known about how identification as Latinx and migration status influence their perception of risk and harm. In this article, we use cross-sectional data from a large national probability sample to demonstrate a large positive association between ethnic identity and migration status and perceptions of harm from COVID-19 in the US. We find that individuals identifying as Hispanic/Latinx and first-generation immigrants report significantly greater risks of becoming infected by COVID-19 in the next three months, and dying from the virus if they do contract it. Further, subgroup analysis reveals that health risks are especially felt by individuals of Mexican descent, who represent the largest share of US Latinxs. Collectively, our results provide evidence about how the pandemic places increased stress on people from Latinx and immigrant communities relative to White non-Hispanic individuals in the US.
Media Summary from Physics of unsteady thrust and flow generation by a flexible surface flapping in the absence of free stream
Creators: name: Shinde, Sachin Y.
name: Jaywant H. Arakeri
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Inspired by the flexible wings and fins of flying and swimming animals, we investigate the flow induced by the interaction between a flapping flexible surface and the surrounding fluid for the limiting case of Strouhal number St → ∞ (zero free-stream speed). The model selected for this purpose is a two-dimensional sinusoidally pitching rigid symmetric foil to which is attached at the trailing edge a thin chordwise flexible surface (along the chord line). The flow so generated is a coherent jet aligned along the foil centreline, containing a reverse Bénard–Kármán vortex street and delivering a corresponding unidirectional thrust. We analyse the flow and thrust generation process. The measured velocity field suggests that the flow and thrust generation mainly occurs during the phases when trailing edge is near the centreline. Flexibility of the surface is important in accelerating the near-wake flow and in transferring momentum and energy to the fluid. We present a detailed account of when and where the momentum and energy are added to the fluid. This study shows that the deformations of the flexible surface are responsible for generating favourable pressure gradient along the jet direction, and for the observed unsteady actuator disc-type action.
Supplementary Tables from Vertebral morphometrics and lung structure in non-avian dinosaurs.
Creators: name: Brocklehurst, Robert J.
name: Schachner, Emma R.
name: Sellers, William I.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional results tables, showing the results of the Procrustes ANOVAs, as well as the LDA classifications of fossil taxa.
Vav2 Is an Activator of Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA
Creators: name: Ritola, Kimberly D.
name: Abe, Karon
name: Rossman, Kent L.
name: Chiang, Derek
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Burridge, Keith
name: Liu, Betty
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Vav and Vav2 are members of the Dbl family of proteins that act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family proteins. Whereas Vav expression is restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin, Vav2 is widely expressed. Although Vav and Vav2 share highly related structural similarities and high sequence identity in their Dbl homology domains, it has been reported that they are active GEFs with distinct substrate specificities toward Rho family members. Whereas Vav displayed GEF activity for Rac1, Cdc42, RhoA, and RhoG, Vav2 was reported to exhibit GEF activity for RhoA, RhoB, and RhoG but not for Rac1 or Cdc42. Consistent with their distinct substrate targets, it was found that constitutively activated versions of Vav and Vav2 caused distinct transformed phenotypes when expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast to the previous findings, we found that Vav2 can act as a potent GEF for Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA in vitro. Furthermore, we found that NH(2)-terminally truncated and activated Vav and Vav2 caused indistinguishable transforming actions in NIH 3T3 cells that required Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA function. In addition, like Vav and Rac1, we found that Vav2 activated the Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase cascade and also caused the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles in NIH 3T3 cells. Finally, Vav2-transformed NIH 3T3 cells showed up-regulated levels of Rac-GTP. We conclude that Vav2 and Vav share overlapping downstream targets and are activators of multiple Rho family proteins. Therefore, Vav2 may mediate the same cellular consequences in nonhematopoietic cells as Vav does in hematopoietic cells.
Vesicular Ca 2+ Participates in the Catalysis of Exocytosis
Creators: name: Mundorf, Michelle L.
name: Hochstetler, Spencer E.
name: Near, Joseph A.
name: Troyer, Kevin P.
name: Wightman, R. Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Effects of vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitors on catecholamine release from bovine chromaffin cells have been examined at the level of individual exocytotic events. As expected for a depletion of vesicular stores, release evoked by depolarizing agents was decreased following 15-min incubations with reserpine and tetrabenazine, as evidenced by a decrease in exocytotic frequency and amount released per event. In contrast, two reserpine derivatives, methyl reserpate and reserpic acid, were much less effective. Surprisingly, the incubations also decreased the accompanying rise in intracellular Ca(2+) evoked by depolarizing agents. Subcellular studies revealed that reserpine and tetrabenazine at concentrations near their K(i) values not only could increase cytoplasmic catecholamines but also could displace Ca(2+) from vesicles. Furthermore, transient exposure to tetrabenazine and reserpine, but not methyl reserpate and reserpic acid, induced exocytotic release of catecholamines. Reserpine induced a rise in intracellular Ca(2+), as detected by whole-cell measurements with Fura-2. It could induce exocytosis, albeit at a lower frequency, in Ca(2+)-free solutions, supporting an internal Ca(2+) source. Depletion of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial Ca(2+) pools did not eliminate the reserpine-activated release. These results indicate that vesicular Ca(2+) can play an important role in exocytosis and under some conditions may be involved in initiating this process.
(1885) Robert Laycock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Activation of Phospholipase C-ε by Heterotrimeric G Protein βγ-Subunits
Creators: name: Wing, Michele R.
name: Siderovski, David P.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Houston, Dayle
name: Kelley, Grant G.
name: Harden, T. Kendall
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: PLC-epsilon was identified recently as a phosphoinositide-hydrolyzing phospholipase C (PLC) containing catalytic domains (X, Y, and C2) common to all PLC isozymes as well as unique CDC25- and Ras-associating domains. Novel regulation of this PLC isozyme by the Ras oncoprotein and alpha-subunits (Galpha(12)) of heterotrimeric G proteins was illustrated. Sequence analyses of PLC-epsilon revealed previously unrecognized PH and EF-hand domains in the amino terminus. The known interaction of Gbetagamma subunits with the PH domains of other proteins led us to examine the capacity of Gbetagamma to activate PLC-epsilon. Co-expression of Gbeta(1)gamma(2) with PLC-epsilon in COS-7 cells resulted in marked stimulation of phospholipase C activity. Gbeta(2) and Gbeta(4) in combination with Ggamma(1), Ggamma(2), Ggamma(3), or Ggamma(13) also activated PLC-epsilon to levels similar to those observed with Gbeta(1)-containing dimers of these Ggamma-subunits. Gbeta(3) in combination with the same Ggamma-subunits was less active, and Gbeta(5)-containing dimers were essentially inactive. Gbetagamma-promoted activation of PLC-epsilon was blocked by cotransfection with either of two Gbetagamma-interacting proteins, Galpha(i1) or the carboxyl terminus of G protein receptor kinase 2. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3-kinase-gamma had no effect on Gbeta(1)gamma(2)-promoted activation of PLC-epsilon. Similarly, activation of Ras in the action of Gbetagamma is unlikely, because a mutation in the second RA domain of PLC-epsilon that blocks Ras activation of PLC failed to alter the stimulatory activity of Gbeta(1)gamma(2). Taken together, these results reveal the presence of additional functional domains in PLC-epsilon and add a new level of complexity in the regulation of this novel enzyme by heterotrimeric G proteins.
(1793) Harry Lancelot Ruck Keene
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Acyl-CoA Synthetase Isoforms 1, 4, and 5 Are Present in Different Subcellular Membranes in Rat Liver and Can Be Inhibited Independently
Creators: name: Granger, Deborah A.
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: Kim, Ji Hyeon
name: Vance, Jean E.
name: Lewin, Tal M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Inhibition studies have suggested that acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS, EC ) isoforms might regulate the use of acyl-CoAs by different metabolic pathways. In order to determine whether the subcellular locations differed for each of the three ACSs present in liver and whether these isoforms were regulated independently, non-cross-reacting peptide antibodies were raised against ACS1, ACS4, and ACS5. ACS1 was identified in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), and cytosol, but not in mitochondria. ACS4 was present primarily in MAM, and the 76-kDa ACS5 protein was located in mitochondrial membrane. Consistent with these locations, N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of ACS4, inhibited ACS activity 47% in MAM and 28% in endoplasmic reticulum. Troglitazone, a second ACS4 inhibitor, inhibited ACS activity <10% in microsomes and mitochondria and 45% in MAM. Triacsin C, a competitive inhibitor of both ACS1 and ACS4, inhibited ACS activity similarly in endoplasmic reticulum, MAM, and mitochondria, suggesting that a hitherto unidentified triacsin-sensitive ACS is present in mitochondria. ACS1, ACS4, and ACS5 were regulated independently by fasting and re-feeding. Fasting rats for 48 h resulted in a decrease in ACS4 protein, and an increase in ACS5. Re-feeding normal chow or a high sucrose diet for 24 h after a 48-h fast increased both ACS1 and ACS4 protein expression 1.5-2.0-fold, consistent with inhibition studies. These results suggest that ACS1 and ACS4 may be linked to triacylglycerol synthesis. Taken together, the data suggest that acyl-CoAs may be functionally channeled to specific metabolic pathways through different ACS isoforms in unique subcellular locations.
Non-Schlesinger Isomonodromic Deformations of Fuchsian Systems and Middle Convolution
Creators: name: Bibilo, Yulia
name: Filipuk, Galina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is devoted to non-Schlesinger isomonodromic deformations for resonant Fuchsian systems. There are very few explicit examples of such deformations in the literature. In this paper we construct a new example of the non-Schlesinger isomonodromic deformation for a resonant Fuchsian system of order 5 by using middle convolution for a resonant Fuchsian system of order 2. Moreover, it is known that middle convolution is an operation that preserves Schlesinger's deformation equations for non-resonant Fuchsian systems. In this paper we show that Bolibruch's non-Schlesinger deformations of resonant Fuchsian systems are, in general, not preserved by middle convolution.
(1794) Herbert St. John Durnford
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Lifting flat directions in lattice supersymmetry
Creators: name: Catterall, Simon
name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a procedure to improve the lattice definition of $\mathcal N = 4$ supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory. The lattice construction necessarily involves U(1) flat directions, and we show how these can be lifted without violating the exact lattice supersymmetry. The basic idea is to modify the equations of motion of an auxiliary field, which determine the moduli space of the system. Applied to numerical calculations, the resulting improved lattice action leads to dramatically reduced violations of supersymmetric Ward identities and much more rapid approach to the continuum limit.
Akt Stimulates the Transactivation Potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit of NF-κB through Utilization of the IκB Kinase and Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase p38
Creators: name: Mayo, Marty W.
name: Baldwin Jr., Albert S.
name: Reuther, Julie Y.
name: Madrid, Lee V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB is a potent regulator of cell survival and has oncogenic transformation potential. Previously, it has been shown that Akt can activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB and that this functions to block apoptosis induced by certain stimuli. The mechanism whereby Akt activates NF-kappaB has been controversial, with evidence supporting induction of nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB via activation of IkappaB kinase activity and/or the stimulation of the transcription function of NF-kappaB. Here we demonstrate that Akt targets the transactivation function of NF-kappaB by stimulating the transactivation domain of RelA/p65 in a manner that is dependent on IkappaB kinase beta activity and on the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38). Activation of RelA/p65 transactivation function requires serines 529 and 536, sites shown previously to be inducibly phosphorylated. Consistent with the requirement of p38 in the activation of NF-kappaB transcriptional function, expression of activated Akt induces p38 activity. Furthermore, the ability of IL-1beta to activate NF-kappaB is known to involve Akt, and we show here that IL-1beta induces p38 activity in manner dependent on Akt and IkappaB kinase activation. Interestingly, activated Akt and the transcriptional co-activators CBP/p300 synergize in the activation of the RelA/p65 transactivation domain, and this synergy is blocked by p38 inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that Akt, functioning through IkappaB kinase and p38, induces the transcription function of NF-kappaB by stimulating the RelA/p65 transactivation subunit of NF-kappaB.
Supplementary Methods from Vertebral morphometrics and lung structure in non-avian dinosaurs.
Creators: name: Brocklehurst, Robert J.
name: Schachner, Emma R.
name: Sellers, William I.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Tables containing the full lists of extant and extinct taxa used in this study, as well as a detailed description of the landmark scheme.
D2.1 Methodology for ethical analysis, scan results of existing ethical codes and guidelines
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Sara
name: Brooks, Laurence
name: Richardson, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ethical analysis methodology, ethics codes, ethics guidelines, ethics frameworks, review

description: This report presents a review of three approaches to ethical analysis, ATE, eTA and Future
 Studies; these are ethical frameworks which were used across several projects on the ethics of
 new and emerging technologies (eg. ETICA, SHERPA, SIENNA, PANELFIT, REELER) and begins
 to identify the framework, which will address the three levels of ethical technology analysis (as
 discussed in ATE), which will be further developed in the following tasks of WP2.
 • It also presents the results of a scan of existing ethical guidelines and frameworks on new and
 emerging technologies and their socio-economic impacts carried out as part of the TechEthos
 project.
 • The scan of ethical documents identifies ethical issues associated with our selected socioeconomic
 impact technologies. The ethical dimensions are expected to provide scope for
 development and critical reflection of technologies that we anticipate will be developed and
 deployed in Europe and worldwide in the next five to twenty years. The scan will be used to
 ensure that the ethics framework and guidelines developed by TechEthos will be relevant and
 applicable for a wide range of new and emerging technologies.
 • The methodology for the ethical analysis will be broken down into different phases and focus
 on: (1) ethical codes, (2) ethical frameworks, (3) ethical guidelines. These will be identified and
 analysed for each of the technology families.
Alteration of a Nonconserved Active Site Residue in the Chemotaxis Response Regulator CheY Affects Phosphorylation and Interaction with CheZ
Creators: name: Les, Jessica T.
name: Silversmith, Ruth E.
name: Guanga, Gerald P.
name: Smith, Jenny G.
name: Bourret, Robert B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: CheY is a response regulator in the well studied two-component system that mediates bacterial chemotaxis. Phosphorylation of CheY at Asp(57) enhances its interaction with the flagellar motor. Asn(59) is located near the phosphorylation site, and possible roles this residue may play in CheY function were explored by mutagenesis. Cells containing CheY59NR or CheY59NH exhibited hyperactive phenotypes (clockwise flagellar rotation), and CheY59NR was characterized biochemically. A continuous enzyme-linked spectroscopic assay that monitors P(i) concentration was the primary method for kinetic analysis of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. CheY59NR autodephosphorylated at the same rate as wild-type CheY and phosphorylated similarly to wild type with acetyl phosphate and faster (4-14x) with phosphoramidate and monophosphoimidazole. CheY59NR was extremely resistant to CheZ, requiring at least 250 times more CheZ than wild-type CheY to achieve the same dephosphorylation rate enhancement, whereas CheY59NA was CheZ-sensitive. However, several independent approaches demonstrated that CheY59NR bound tightly to CheZ. A submicromolar K(d) for CheZ binding to CheY59NR-P or CheY.BeF(3)(-) was inferred from fluorescence anisotropy measurements of fluoresceinated-CheZ. A complex between CheY59NR-P and CheZ was isolated by analytical gel filtration, and the elution position from the column was indistinguishable from that of the CheZ dimer. Therefore, we were not able to detect large CheY-P.CheZ complexes that have been inferred using other methods. Possible structural explanations for the specific inhibition of CheZ activity as a result of the arginyl substitution at CheY position 59 are discussed.
(1795) Edward Charles Knight
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Altered Cytokine Production in Mice Lacking P2X 7 Receptors
Creators: name: Perregaux, David G.
name: Solle, Mike
name: Petrushova, Nina
name: Koller, Beverly H.
name: Griffiths, Richard J.
name: Stam, Ethan
name: Labasi, Jeff
name: Gabel, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The P2X(7) receptor (P2X(7)R) is an ATP-gated ion channel expressed by monocytes and macrophages. To directly address the role of this receptor in interleukin (IL)-1 beta post-translational processing, we have generated a P2X(7)R-deficient mouse line. P2X(7)R(-/-) macrophages respond to lipopolysaccharide and produce levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-IL-1 beta comparable with those generated by wild-type cells. In response to ATP, however, pro-IL-1 beta produced by the P2X(7)R(-/-) cells is not externalized or activated by caspase-1. Nigericin, an alternate secretion stimulus, promotes release of 17-kDa IL-1 beta from P2X(7)R(-/-) macrophages. In response to in vivo lipopolysaccharide injection, both wild-type and P2X(7)R(-/-) animals display increases in peritoneal lavage IL-6 levels but no detectable IL-1. Subsequent ATP injection to wild-type animals promotes an increase in IL-1, which in turn leads to additional IL-6 production; similar increases did not occur in ATP-treated, LPS-primed P2X(7)R(-/-) animals. Absence of the P2X(7)R thus leads to an inability of peritoneal macrophages to release IL-1 in response to ATP. As a result of the IL-1 deficiency, in vivo cytokine signaling cascades are impaired in P2X(7)R-deficient animals. Together these results demonstrate that P2X(7)R activation can provide a signal that leads to maturation and release of IL-1 beta and initiation of a cytokine cascade.
Amelogenin-deficient Mice Display an Amelogenesis Imperfecta Phenotype
Creators: name: Yuan, Zhi An
name: Hall, Bradford
name: Kulkarni, Ashok B.
name: Gibson, Carolyn W.
name: Sreenath, Taduru
name: Piddington, Ronald
name: Harrison, Gerald
name: Chen, Enhong
name: Longenecker, Glenn
name: Thyagarajan, Tamizchelvi
name: Decker, Sylvia
name: Wright, J. Tim
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the body and cannot be replaced or repaired, because the enamel secreting cells are lost at tooth eruption. X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta (MIM 301200), a phenotypically diverse hereditary disorder affecting enamel development, is caused by deletions or point mutations in the human X-chromosomal amelogenin gene. Although the precise functions of the amelogenin proteins in enamel formation are not well defined, these proteins constitute 90% of the enamel organic matrix. We have disrupted the amelogenin locus to generate amelogenin null mice, which display distinctly abnormal teeth as early as 2 weeks of age with chalky-white discoloration. Microradiography revealed broken tips of incisors and molars and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated disorganized hypoplastic enamel. The amelogenin null phenotype reveals that the amelogenins are apparently not required for initiation of mineral crystal formation but rather for the organization of crystal pattern and regulation of enamel thickness. These null mice will be useful for understanding the functions of amelogenin proteins during enamel formation and for developing therapeutic approaches for treating this developmental defect that affects the enamel.
Ad hoc Cloud Computing: From Concept to Realization
Creators: name: McGilvary, Gary Andrew
name: Barker, Adam
name: Atkinson, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the first complete, integrated and end-to-end solution for ad hoc cloud computing environments. Ad hoc clouds harvest resources from existing sporadically available, non-exclusive (i.e. primarily used for some other purpose) and unreliable infrastructures. In this paper we discuss the problems ad hoc cloud computing solves and outline our architecture which is based on BOINC.
description: Published in IEEE Cloud 2015 named "Ad hoc Cloud Computing"
(1790) Anne Rochfort
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Tables from Vertebral morphometrics and lung structure in non-avian dinosaurs
Creators: name: Brocklehurst, Robert J.
name: Schachner, Emma R.
name: Sellers, William I.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional results tables, showing the results of the Procrustes ANOVAs, as well as the LDA classifications of fossil taxa.