cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gothic on the Edge: Light, Levitation and Seismic Culture in the Evolution of Medieval Religious Architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean
Creators: O'Neill, Rory Owen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Art
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Geography

description: The works of Latin ecclesiastical architecture of the 13th and 14th centuries at the periphery of Gothic geography in the eastern Mediterranean have been thought to be provincial. The party line is that the Gothic system developed in France, and shortly thereafter appeared in England, Germany and Spain with relatively good fidelity; however, the elegance of this system of attenuated vertical structure got lost in translation when exported to Mediterranean regions such as Italy and the Latin states in the mainland Levant, Greece, Rhodes and Cyprus. We question this center-and-periphery conceptualization of Gothic by focusing on the works at the most distant of the Gothic horizon, the mainland Levant and Cyprus, to find that the desires of the patrons and builders were similar to those in France, but constrained more by seismic geography than remoteness from the center of production in the Paris basin. These Levantine and Cypriot buildings on the so-called periphery have much to teach us of the precarious nature of Gothic architecture and why such an art of levitation and light cast in heavy stone vaults was able to flourish in Île-de-France, among other places.
Qualitative counting closed geodesics
Creators: name: Karlhofer, Bastien
name: Kędra, Jarek
name: Marcinkowski, Michał
name: Trost, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the geometry of word metrics on fundamental groups of manifolds associated with the generating sets consisting of elements represented by closed geodesics. We ask whether the diameter of such a metric is finite or infinite. The first answer we interpret as an abundance of closed geodesics, while the second one as their scarcity. We discuss examples for both cases.
description: 10 pages
A practical approach to testing for acid mine drainage in the mine planning and approval process
Creators: name: Morin, Kevin A. (Kevin Andrew), 1955-
name: Ott, Cindy L. (Cindy Lee), 1959-
name: Day, Stephen J.
name: Hawes, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Acid mine drainage is one of the biggest environmental issues facing mining companies today. Government agencies, the general public and mine owners require that potential for acid generation can be predicted and controlled with a high degree of confidence. Failure to satisfy these concerns about acid mine drainage can slow the approval and permitting process delaying the start of production at the mine and considerably adding to the cost of mine development. These costs can be reduced by selection of predictive testing procedures appropriate to the level of mine development which will answer immediate environmental concerns in the context of the mine plan and indicate whether further testing is required. We present a procedure for the prediction of acid generation which integrates the stages of deposit exploration and approval for mine development with suitable predictive testwork to determine the potential for acid generation, the rate of acid production and suitable acid control techniques.
Additional file 1 of Cross-sectional study of medical advertisements in a national general medical journal: evidence, cost, and safe use of advertised versus comparative drugs
Creators: name: Boesen, Kim
name: Simonsen, Anders Lykkemark
name: Jørgensen, Karsten Juhl
name: Gøtzsche, Peter C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Shifting gender norms to improve HIV service uptake: Qualitative findings from a large-scale community mobilization intervention in rural South Africa
Creators: name: Mathebula, Rhandzekile
name: Hove, Jennifer
name: Gottert, Ann
name: Rebombo, Dumisani
name: Lippman, Sheri A
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Peacock, Dean
name: Gómez-Olivé, Xavier
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: West, Rebecca L
name: Leddy, Anna M
name: Haberland, Nicole
name: Pulerwitz, Julie
name: Twine, Rhian
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2021

description:
BACKGROUND: Interventions to improve HIV service uptake are increasingly addressing inequitable and restrictive gender norms. Yet comparatively little is known about which gender norms are most salient for HIV testing and treatment and how changing these specific norms translates into HIV service uptake. To explore these questions, we implemented a qualitative study during a community mobilization trial targeting social barriers to HIV service uptake in South Africa. METHODS: We conducted 55 in-depth interviews in 2018, during the final months of a three-year intervention in rural Mpumalanga province. Participants included 25 intervention community members (48% women) and 30 intervention staff/community-opinion-leaders (70% women). Data were analyzed using an inductive-deductive approach. RESULTS: We identified three avenues for gender norms change which, when coupled with other strategies, were described to support HIV service uptake: (1) Challenging norms around male toughness/avoidance of help-seeking, combined with information on the health and preventive benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), eased men's fears of a positive diagnosis and facilitated HIV service uptake. (2) Challenging norms about men's expected control over women, combined with communication and conflict resolution skill-building, encouraged couple support around HIV service uptake. (3) Challenging norms around women being solely responsible for the family's health, combined with information about sero-discordance and why both members of the couple should be tested, encouraged men to test for HIV rather than relying on their partner's results. Facility-level barriers such as long wait times continued to prevent some men from accessing care. CONCLUSIONS: Despite continued facility-level barriers, we found that promoting critical reflection around several specific gender norms, coupled with information (e.g., benefits of ART) and skill-building (e.g., communication), were perceived to support men's and women's engagement in HIV services. There is a need to identify and tailor programming around specific gender norms that hinder HIV service uptake.
Diffusion in a Random Velocity Field: Spectral Properties of a Non-Hermitian Fokker-Planck Operator
Creators: name: Chalker, J. T.
name: Wang, Z. Jane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spectral properties of the Fokker-Planck operator that describes particles diffusing in a quenched random velocity field. This random operator is non-Hermitian and has eigenvalues occupying a finite area in the complex plane. We calculate the eigenvalue density and averaged one-particle Green's function, for weak disorder and dimension d>2. We relate our results to the time-evolution of particle density, and compare them with numerical simulations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Water Insecurity is Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression and Greater Odds of AIDS-Defining Illnesses Among Adults with HIV in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Young, Sera L.
name: Bukusi, Elizabeth A.
name: Wekesa, Pauline
name: Cohen, Craig R.
name: Butler, Lisa M.
name: Weke, Elly
name: Weiser, Sheri D.
name: Miller, Joshua D.
name: Burger, Rachel
name: Mocello, A. Rain
name: Otieno, Phelgona
name: Sheira, Lila A.
name: Nagata, Jason M.
name: Frongillo, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description:
Reliable access to safe and acceptable water in sufficient quantities (i.e., water security) is important for medication adherence and limiting pathogen exposure, yet prior studies have only considered the role of food security as a social determinant of HIV-related health. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to assess the relationships between household water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes among adults living with HIV in western Kenya (N = 716). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Shamba Maisha (NCT02815579), a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multisectoral agricultural and asset loan intervention. Baseline data were collected from June 2016 to December 2017. We assessed associations between water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes, adjusting for clinical and behavioral confounders, including food insecurity. Each five-unit higher household water insecurity score (range: 0–51) was associated with 1.21 higher odds of having a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL (95% CI 1.07, 1.36) and 1.26 higher odds of AIDS-defining illness (95% CI 1.11, 1.42). Household water insecurity was not associated with CD4 cell count (B: 0.27; 95% CI −3.59, 13.05). HIV treatment and support programs should consider assessing and addressing water insecurity in addition to food insecurity to optimize HIV outcomes.
Good Mathematics Teaching: Perspectives of Beginning Secondary Teachers
Creators: Leong, Kwan Eu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematics--Study and teaching
subject: Mathematics--Study and teaching (Secondary)
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Mathematics teachers--Training of

description: What is good mathematics teaching? The answer depends on whom you are asking. Teachers, researchers, policymakers, administrators, and parents usually provide their own view on what they consider is good mathematics teaching and what is not. The purpose of this study was to determine how beginning teachers define good mathematics teaching and what they report as being the most important attributes at the secondary level. This research explored whether there was a relationship between the demographics of the participants and the attributes of good teaching. In addition, factors that influence the understanding of good mathematics teaching were explored. A mixed methodology was used to gather information from the research participants regarding their beliefs and classroom practices of good mathematics teaching. The two research instruments used in this study were the survey questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Thirty-three respondents who had one to two years of classroom experience comprised the study sample. They had graduated from a school of education in an eastern state and had obtained their teacher certification upon completing their studies. The beginning mathematics teachers selected these four definitions of good teaching as their top choices: 1) have High Expectations that all students are capable of learning; 2) have strong content knowledge (Subject Matter Knowledge); 3) create a Learning Environment that fosters the development of mathematical power; and 4) bring Enthusiasm and excitement to classroom. The three most important attributes in good teaching were: Classroom Management, Motivation, and Strong in Content Knowledge. One interesting finding was the discovery of four groups of beginning teachers and how they were associated with specific attributes of good mathematics teaching according to their demographics. Beginning teachers selected Immediate Classroom Situation, Mathematical Beliefs, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Colleagues as the top four factors from the survey analysis that influenced their understanding of good mathematics teaching. The study's results have implications for informing the types of mathematical knowledge required for pre-service teachers that can be incorporated into teacher education programs and define important attributes of good mathematics teaching during practicum.
Matrix multiplication and universal scalability of the time on the Intel Scalable processors
Creators: name: Russkov, Alexander
name: Shchur, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matrix multiplication is one of the core operations in many areas of scientific computing. We present the results of the experiments with the matrix multiplication of the big size comparable with the big size of the onboard memory, which is 1.5 terabyte in our case. We run experiments on the computing board with two sockets and with two Intel Xeon Platinum 8164 processors, each with 26 cores and with multi-threading. The most interesting result of our study is the observation of the perfect scalability law of the matrix multiplication, and of the universality of this law.
Fructilactobacillus Zheng & Wittouck & Salvetti & Franz & Harris & Mattarelli & O'Toole & Pot & Vandamme & Walter & Watanabe & Wuyts & Felis & Gänzle & Lebeer 2020, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinshui
name: Wittouck, Stijn
name: Salvetti, Elisa
name: Franz, Charles M. A. P.
name: Harris, Hugh M. B.
name: Mattarelli, Paola
name: O'Toole, Paul W.
name: Pot, Bruno
name: Vandamme, Peter
name: Walter, Jens
name: Watanabe, Koichi
name: Wuyts, Sander
name: Felis, Giovanna E.
name: Gänzle, Michael G.
name: Lebeer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Fructilactobacillus

description: DESCRIPTION OF FRUCTILACTOBACILLUS GEN. NOV.
 Fructilactobacillus (Fruc.ti.lac.to.ba.cil’lus. L. masc. n. fructus, fruit; N.L. masc. n. Lactobacillus a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n. Fructilactobacillus, fruit-loving lactobacillus, referring to the preference for growth in presence of fructose as electron acceptor).
 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase negative, heterofermentative and aerotolerant. Growth is observed at 15 °C but not at 37 °C. Strains in the genus have very small genomes ranging from 1.23 Mbp for Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis to 1.44 Mbp for Fructilactobacillus lindneri; the mol% G+C content of DNA as calculated from whole genome shotgun sequences ranges from 34.1 to 38.9. Comparable to other insect-associated lactobacilli, strains in the genus ferment only few carbohydrates; some strains ferment only maltose and sucrose. Most strains of the species are fructophilic and use fructose as electron acceptor rather than as carbon source. Several species in the genus are core member of insect intestinal microbiota, and were isolated from insects, flowers, and spoiled or fermented foods.
 A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA genes of all species in the genus Fructilactobacillus is provided in Fig. S 6Q.
 The type species of the genus is Fructilactobacillus fructivorans comb. nov.; Fructilactobacillus was previously referred to as L. fructivorans group.
description: Published as part of Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O'Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, pp. 2782-2858 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4) on page 2840, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107, http://zenodo.org/record/10114954
Solitary water waves created by variations in bathymetry
Creators: name: de Luna, Manuel Quezada
name: Ketcheson, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the flow of water waves over bathymetry that varies periodically along one direction. We derive a linearized, homogenized model and show that the periodic bathymetry induces an effective dispersion, distinct from the dispersion inherently present in water waves. We relate this dispersion to the well-known effective dispersion introduced by changes in the bathymetry in non-rectangular channels. Numerical simulations using the (non-dispersive) shallow water equations reveal that a balance between this effective dispersion and nonlinearity can create solitary waves. We derive a KdV-type equation that approximates the behavior of these waves in the weakly-nonlinear regime. We show that, depending on geometry, dispersion due to bathymetry can be much stronger than traditional water wave dispersion and can prevent wave breaking in strongly nonlinear regimes. Computational experiments using depth-averaged water wave models %, as well as confirm the analysis and suggest that experimental observation of these solitary waves is possible.
Additional file 1: of The CHESS trial: protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of an education and self-management intervention for people with chronic headache
Creators: name: Nichols, Vivien
name: Ellard, David
name: Griffiths, Frances
name: Underwood, Martin
name: Taylor, Stephanie
name: Patel, Shilpa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Process evaluation protocol for the CHESS trial: supplementary material. (DOCX 19 kb)
Hidden Symmetries of the Principal Chiral Model Unveiled
Creators: name: Devchand, C.
name: Schiff, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By relating the two-dimensional U(N) Principal Chiral Model to a simple linear system we obtain a free-field parametrisation of solutions. Obvious symmetry transformations on the free-field data give symmetries of the model. In this way all known `hidden symmetries' and Bäcklund transformations, as well as a host of new symmetries, arise.
description: 21 pages, Latex. A sentence and citation added
title: Quantum State Smoothing
Creators: name: Guevara Prieto, Ivonne Alexandra
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum State Smoothing
subject: Coupling constants
subject: Probability distribution for classical variables

description: Smoothing is an estimation method whereby a classical state (probability distribution for classical variables) at a given time is conditioned on all-time (both past and future) observations. This method has been well developed in classical systems, but its application to quantum systems has only recently begun to be explored. Previous works have used the term "quantum smoothing" to mean estimating classical parameters, (Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 250403, (2009)), which is essentially classical smoothing in which the noisy observation of the classical parameters is mediated by a quantum system. In this thesis, I define a smoothed quantum state for a partially monitored open quantum system, conditioned on an all-time monitoring-derived record. I calculate the smoothed distribution for a hypothetical unobserved record Ut which, when added to the real record O, would complete the monitoring, yielding a pure-state "quantum trajectory". Averaging the pure state over this smoothed distribution yields the (mixed) smoothed quantum state S that is typically purer than the state F conditioned only on the past. I also study how the choice of actual unravelling affects the purity increment over that of the conventional (filtered) state conditioned only on the past record.
Governance and Gentrification in Creative Industry Clusters - A Case Study of Three Creative Clusters in Beijing
Creators: Gu, Peiqin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: City planning
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social structure

description: The thesis aims to reveal the relationship between the government’s cultural creative industry development policy and the response from the creative class. The thesis mainly assumes that the policy plays an important role in guiding the formation of creative clusters but fails to facilitate creative businesses in the long run. Through interview and second hand data collection in three creative industry clusters, 798 Art Zone, No.46 Fangjia Hutong and Nanluoguxiang in Beijing, the thesis mainly finds that the existing governance strategy can’t protect the identity of 798 Art Zone and No.46 Fangjia Hutong, the roles of creative class were marginalized in redevelopment process and the government should learn from Nanluoguxiang’s case in constructing platform to promote the participation of creative class to balance the interests of different stakeholders in clusters.
Reservoir-Style Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems: Empirical and Predictive Models for Implant Design
Creators: name: Li, Linying
name: Johnson, Leah M.
name: Lee, Chanhwa
name: Cruz, Daniela F.
name: Cottrell, Mackenzie L.
name: Krovi, Sai Archana
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description:
Controlled drug delivery systems can provide sustained release profiles, favorable pharmacokinetics, and improved patient adherence. Here, a reservoir-style implant comprising a biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), was developed to deliver drugs subcutaneously. This work addresses a key challenge when designing these implantable drug delivery systems, namely the accurate prediction of drug release profiles when using different formulations or form factors of the implant. The ability to model and predict the release behavior of drugs from an implant based on their physicochemical properties enables rational design and optimization without extensive and laborious in vitro testing. By leveraging experimental observations, we propose a mathematical model that predicts the empirical parameters describing the drug diffusion and partitioning processes based on the physicochemical properties of the drug. We demonstrate that the model enables an adequate fit predicting empirical parameters close to experimental values for various drugs. The model was further used to predict the release performance of new drug formulations from the implant, which aligned with experimental results for implants exhibiting zero-order release kinetics. Thus, the proposed empirical models provide useful tools to inform the implant design to achieve a target release profile.
Time-Series Event Prediction with Evolutionary State Graph
Creators: name: Hu, Wenjie
name: Yang, Yang
name: Cheng, Ziqiang
name: Yang, Carl
name: Ren, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The accurate and interpretable prediction of future events in time-series data often requires the capturing of representative patterns (or referred to as states) underpinning the observed data. To this end, most existing studies focus on the representation and recognition of states, but ignore the changing transitional relations among them. In this paper, we present evolutionary state graph, a dynamic graph structure designed to systematically represent the evolving relations (edges) among states (nodes) along time. We conduct analysis on the dynamic graphs constructed from the time-series data and show that changes on the graph structures (e.g., edges connecting certain state nodes) can inform the occurrences of events (i.e., time-series fluctuation). Inspired by this, we propose a novel graph neural network model, Evolutionary State Graph Network (EvoNet), to encode the evolutionary state graph for accurate and interpretable time-series event prediction. Specifically, Evolutionary State Graph Network models both the node-level (state-to-state) and graph-level (segment-to-segment) propagation, and captures the node-graph (state-to-segment) interactions over time. Experimental results based on five real-world datasets show that our approach not only achieves clear improvements compared with 11 baselines, but also provides more insights towards explaining the results of event predictions.
description: A long version of EvoNet (WSDM 2021)
Governance and Transportation in Nairobi, Kenya: Understanding How Policy, Planning, and Levels of Governance Alter Mobility through a Multi-Modal Network Analysis
Creators: Stokes, Anna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: City planning
Local transit--Planning
Urban transportation--Planning
Economic development
Paratransit services
Bus rapid transit

description: The matatu paratransit network has been an integral part of Nairobi, Kenya’s urban fabric for decades, providing an accessible transportation option to the vast majority of its residents (Salon & Aligula, 2012). However, because of a growing desire to tame the city’s congestion and improve overall transportation options, the devolution and decentralization of the Kenyan Government through the new 2010 Constitution, and the availability of funding from a series of international players, a new emphasis on transportation planning efforts which feature designs and plans for the implementation of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system has emerged (Onyango & Agong, 2018). Although some pieces of the new Nairobi BRT system have been implemented, it still remains unclear what political processes and institutional structures influenced the development of the transportation plans for this system, and to what extent this planning process considered Nairobi’s current transportation system and habits, which are heavily reliant on the matatu paratransit network. In Nairobi, BRT has been advertised as an extraordinary low-cost solution that will not only resolve the cities congestion issues, but help it gain more global capital and economic development opportunities. This is not unique, but is actually part of a broader trend where BRT has become the preferred transit mode for international development organizations. However, as is evident by the study of Nairobi’s transportation planning efforts concerning the implementation of BRT, these systems are not without their own issues, and they may not be the best solution. As BRT continues to be touted as catch all transportation solution for cities with large paratransit networks throughout the world, transportation planners and policy makers would benefit from a deeper understanding of what has been happening concerning the planned future BRT system in Nairobi.
MOESM2 of Mutational landscape of gastric cancer and clinical application of genomic profiling based on target next-generation sequencing
Creators: name: Cai, Hui
name: Changqing Jing
name: Xusheng Chang
name: Ding, Dan
name: Han, Ting
name: Junchi Yang
name: Zhengmao Lu
name: Xuguang Hu
name: Zhaorui Liu
name: Jinshen Wang
name: Shang, Liang
name: Shouxin Wu
name: Meng, Peng
name: Lin, Ling
name: Jiangman Zhao
name: Mingming Nie
name: Yin, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. The proportion of mutations of 35 significantly mutated genes.
Governing Imperial Borders: Insights from the Study of the Implementation of Law in Qing Xinjiang
Creators: Tian, Huan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: History

description: This research examines, through a detailed analysis of the way in which laws were implemented, the changing strategies that the Qing Empire employed to govern Xinjiang from 1759, when this area was annexed into the empire, to 1911, when the Qing dynasty collapsed. Focusing on the changes in the applicability of the two legal systems--Qing state law and indigenous Islamic law--in the criminal and the civil domains respectively, as well as the dynamic of the Qing legal policies, the dissertation studies the Qing's state building project in a multi-ethnic context from the legal perspective. Different from many historians studying European expansion, who argue that law was an important tool of forced acculturation, my research on Xinjiang shows that the Qing rulers managed to integrated this area without full acculturation. The story this dissertation is telling is one of the creation of Xinjiang as a province over time, though one that still holds an ambiguous status as an autonomous region even to today. It is against this background that the dissertation looks at how the two vast legal systems collided in China's northwestern frontier, and how the area's indigenous inhabitants and immigrants used the law to advance and defend their own interests.
The excitation of a quantum gas of independent particles under periodic perturbation in integrable or non-integrable potential
Creators: name: Magierski, P.
name: Skalski, J.
name: Blocki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excitation of a quantum gas of 112 independent fermions in the time-dependent potential well, periodically oscillating around the spherical shape, was followed over 10 oscillation cycles. Five different oscillation frequencies are considered for each of the five types of deformations: spheroidal and Legendre polynomial ripples: P_3, P_4, P_5 and P_6. The excitation rate of the gas in the deforming hard-walled cavities substantially decreases after initial one or two cycles and the final excitation energy is a few times smaller than the wall formula predictions. Qualitatively similar results are obtained for the diffused Woods-Saxon well. The details and possible origins of this behaviour are discussed as well as the consequences for the one-body dissipation model of nuclear dynamics.
description: REVTeX file, 13 pages, 8 postscript figures submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Fructilactobacillus fructivorans Zheng, Wittouck, Salvetti, Franz, Harris, Mattarelli, O'Toole, Pot, Vandamme, Walter, Watanabe, Wuyts, Felis, Gänzle & Lebeer, 2020, COMB. NOV.
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinshui
name: Wittouck, Stijn
name: Salvetti, Elisa
name: Franz, Charles M. A. P.
name: Harris, Hugh M. B.
name: Mattarelli, Paola
name: O'Toole, Paul W.
name: Pot, Bruno
name: Vandamme, Peter
name: Walter, Jens
name: Watanabe, Koichi
name: Wuyts, Sander
name: Felis, Giovanna E.
name: Gänzle, Michael G.
name: Lebeer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Fructilactobacillus
Fructilactobacillus fructivorans

description: DESCRIPTION OF FRUCTILACTOBACILLUS FRUCTIVORANS COMB. NOV.
 Fructilactobacillus fructivorans (fruc.ti.vo’rans. L. masc. n. fructus, fruit; L. part. pres. vorans, eating, devouring; N.L. part. adj. fructivorans, fruit-eating, intended to mean fructose-devouring).
 Basonym: Lactobacillus fructivorans Charlton et al. 1934, 1 (Approved Lists)
 The type species of Fructilactobacillus was described as Lactobacillus fructivorans in 1934 [304] and includes strains that were previously described as Lactobacillus heterohiochii, Lactobacillus trichodes [305], and L. homohiochii [306]. Lactobacillus homohiochii was isolated from Saké mashes and described as homofermentative Lactobacillus species [307]. The heterofermentative L. heterohiochii (later classified as F. fructivorans comb. nov.) was isolated from the same mash. The type strain of L. homohiochii, which likely represents an organism related to Lactobacillus acetotolerans, has been lost [308]. F. fructivorans tolerates ethanol concentrations of up to 15 %. The genome size of the type strain is 1.37 Mbp. The mol% G+C content of DNA is 38.9.
 F. fructivorans is stable member of the intestinal microbiota of fruit flies [309] as well as spoiled sake mashes [58]; it was also isolated from spoiled mayonnaise, salad dressings, sourdough, dessert wines and aperitifs.
 The type strain is IFO (now NBRC) 13954 T = ATCC 8288 T = CCUG 32260 T = CIP 103042 T = DSM 20203 T = JCM 1117 T = LMG 9201 T = NRRL B-1841 T.
Genome sequence accession number: AZDS00000000.
16S rRNA gene accession number: NR_036789.
description: Published as part of Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O'Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, pp. 2782-2858 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4) on pages 2840-2841, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107, http://zenodo.org/record/10114954
A Tight Runtime Analysis for the cGA on Jump Functions---EDAs Can Cross Fitness Valleys at No Extra Cost
Creators: name: Doerr, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove that the compact genetic algorithm (cGA) with hypothetical population size $μ= Ω(\sqrt n \log n) \cap \text{poly}(n)$ with high probability finds the optimum of any $n$-dimensional jump function with jump size $k < \frac 1 {20} \ln n$ in $O(μ\sqrt n)$ iterations. Since it is known that the cGA with high probability needs at least $Ω(μ\sqrt n + n \log n)$ iterations to optimize the unimodal OneMax function, our result shows that the cGA in contrast to most classic evolutionary algorithms here is able to cross moderate-sized valleys of low fitness at no extra cost. Our runtime guarantee improves over the recent upper bound $O(μn^{1.5} \log n)$ valid for $μ= Ω(n^{3.5+\varepsilon})$ of Hasenöhrl and Sutton (GECCO 2018). For the best choice of the hypothetical population size, this result gives a runtime guarantee of $O(n^{5+\varepsilon})$, whereas ours gives $O(n \log n)$. We also provide a simple general method based on parallel runs that, under mild conditions, (i)~overcomes the need to specify a suitable population size, but gives a performance close to the one stemming from the best-possible population size, and (ii)~transforms EDAs with high-probability performance guarantees into EDAs with similar bounds on the expected runtime.
description: 25 pages, full version of a paper to appear at GECCO 2019
Modeling the Health and Economic Impact of Substandard and Falsified Medicines: A Review of Existing Models and Approaches
Creators: name: Phanouvong, Souly
name: Nwokike, Jude I.
name: Ozawa, Sachiko
name: Higgins, Colleen R.
Publisher: name: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description:
Substandard and falsified medicines are harmful to patients, causing prolonged illness, side effects, and preventable deaths. Moreover, they have an impact on the health system and society more broadly by leading to additional care, higher disease burden, productivity losses and loss of trust in health care. Models that estimate the health and economic impacts of substandard and falsified medicines can be useful for regulators to contextualize the problem and to make an economic case for solutions. Yet these models have not been systematically catalogued to date. We reviewed existing models that estimate the health and economic impact of substandard and falsified medicines to describe the varying modeling approaches and gaps in knowledge. We compared model characteristics, data sources, assumptions, and limitations. Seven models were identified. The models assessed the impact of antimalarial (n = 5) or antibiotic (n = 2) quality at a national (n = 4), regional (n = 2), or global (n = 1) level. Most models conducted uncertainty analysis and provided ranges around potential outcomes. We found that models are lacking for other medicines, few countries' data have been analyzed, and capturing population heterogeneity remains a challenge. Providing the best estimates of the impact of substandard and falsified medicines on a level that is actionable for decision-makers is important. To enable this, research on the impact of substandard and falsified medicines should be expanded to more medicine types and classes and tailored to more countries that are affected, with greater specificity.
Magnetovortical and thermoelectric transport in tilted Weyl metals
Creators: name: van der Wurff, E. C. I.
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how tilting affects the off-diagonal, dissipationless response of a pair of chirally imbalanced Weyl cones to various external perturbations. The pair of chirally imbalanced Weyl cones can be described as a chiral electron fluid, that can flow with a velocity field that contains vorticity. Upon applying an external magnetic field, we obtain the so-called magnetovortical linear-response matrix that relates electric and heat currents to the magnetic field (chiral magnetic effect) and the vorticity (chiral vortical effect). We show how this reponse matrix becomes anisotropic upon tilting the cones and determine its non-analytic long-wavelength behavior, as well as the corresponding AC response. In addition, we discuss how the tilt dependence of the electronic (or density-density) susceptibility introduces anisotropy in the dispersion relation of the sound-like excitations in the fluid of chiral fermions, which are known as chiral magnetic waves. In the case of an externally applied electric field and a temperature gradient, we find a Hall-like response in the electric and heat current density that is perpendicular to both the tilting direction and the perturbations. As the tilting direction forms a time-reversal symmetry breaking vector, a non-zero (heat) orbital magnetization manifests itself. We calculate the magnetization currents microscopically and elucidate how to subtract these contributions to obtain the transport currents.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of A practical guide to methods controlling false discoveries in computational biology
Creators: name: Korthauer, Keegan
name: Kimes, Patrick
name: Duvallet, Claire
name: Reyes, Alejandro
name: Ayshwarya Subramanian
name: Mingxiang Teng
name: Chinmay Shukla
name: Alm, Eric
name: Hicks, Stephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Figures S1-S13, Supplementary Tables S1-S4, and Supplementary results. (PDF 981 kb)
Governing Shōnan: The Japanese Administration of Wartime Singapore
Creators: Eaton, Clay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: History
History, Modern
World War (1939-1945)
Imperialism
Military participation--Japanese

description: The Japanese military administration of Southeast Asia during the Second World War was meant to rebuild the prewar colonial system in the region under strong, centralized control. Different Japanese administrators disagreed over tactics, but their shared goal was to transform the inhabitants of the region into productive members of a new imperial formation, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Shōnan, the wartime name for Singapore, was meant to be the center of this Co-Prosperity Sphere in Southeast Asia. It was the strategic fulcrum of the region, one of its most important ports, and a center of culture and learning for the wartime Japanese. Home to thousands of Japanese administrators during the war and a linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse local population, Shōnan was a site of active debates over the future of the Sphere. Three assumptions undergirded these discussions: that of Japanese preeminence within the Sphere, the suitability of “rule by minzoku (race)” for Southeast Asians, and the importance of maintaining colonial social hierarchies even as Japanese administrators attempted to put the region on a total war footing. These goals were at odds with each other, and Japanese rule only upended social hierarchies and exacerbated racial tensions. The unintended legacy of the wartime empire lay, not only in the new opportunities that Japanese rule afforded to Southeast Asian revolutionaries, but in the end of the politics of accommodation with imperial power practiced by prewar Asian elites. The result of Japanese rule under the Co-Prosperity Sphere was the emergence of a new, confrontational form of politics that made it impossible to return to prewar colonial practice. Even in Singapore, the bastion of British power in Southeast Asia, Japanese rule undermined the Asian foundation that Western imperialism had been built on.
Fructilactobacillus florum Zheng, Wittouck, Salvetti, Franz, Harris, Mattarelli, O'Toole, Pot, Vandamme, Walter, Watanabe, Wuyts, Felis, Gänzle & Lebeer, 2020, COMB. NOV.
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinshui
name: Wittouck, Stijn
name: Salvetti, Elisa
name: Franz, Charles M. A. P.
name: Harris, Hugh M. B.
name: Mattarelli, Paola
name: O'Toole, Paul W.
name: Pot, Bruno
name: Vandamme, Peter
name: Walter, Jens
name: Watanabe, Koichi
name: Wuyts, Sander
name: Felis, Giovanna E.
name: Gänzle, Michael G.
name: Lebeer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Fructilactobacillus
Fructilactobacillus florum

description: DESCRIPTION OF FRUCTILACTOBACILLUS FLORUM COMB. NOV.
 Fructilactobacillus florum (flo’rum. L. gen. pl. n. florum, of flowers, from which the type strain was isolated).
 Basonym: Lactobacillus florum Endo et al. 2010, 2481 VP
The species was described as composed by three fructophilic strains [310]. The genome size of the type strain is 1.35 Mbp. The mol% G+C content of DNA is 41.1.
Iolated from peony and bietou flowers, and from grapes and wine.
 The type strain is F9-1 T = DSM 22689 T = CM 16035 T = NRIC 0771 T.
Genome sequence accession number: AYZI00000000.
16S rRNA gene accession number: AB498045.
description: Published as part of Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O'Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, pp. 2782-2858 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4) on page 2841, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107, http://zenodo.org/record/10114954
Genital Mucosal Drug Concentrations and anti-HIV Activity in Tenofovir-Based PrEP Products: Intravaginal Ring vs. Oral Administration
Creators: name: Ouattara, Louise A.
name: Jacot, Terry A.
name: Doncel, Gustavo F.
name: Ju, Susan
name: Thurman, Andrea R.
name: Schwartz, Jill
name: Blake, Kimberly
name: Fang, Xi
name: Cottrell, Mackenzie
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Vann, Nikolas C.
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2022

description:
OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare systemic and local pharmacokinetics (PK) and cervicovaginal (CV) pharmacodynamics (PD) of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in combination with emtricitabine (FTC) with tenofovir (TFV) intravaginal ring (IVR). DESIGN: Phase I, randomized, parallel-group study. Women (n = 22) used TDF/FTC oral tablets daily or TFV IVR continuously and were assessed at baseline and 14 days. METHODS: TFV and FTC concentrations were measured in plasma, CV fluid (CVF), and CV tissue. TFV-diphosphate and FTC-triphosphate were assessed in CV tissue. In vitro PD antiviral activities of TFV and FTC (using in vivo concentration ranges) were modeled in the CVF and by infecting CV tissue explants ex vivo with HIV-1BaL. RESULTS: Adverse events (AEs) were more common with oral TDF/FTC use (P < 0.01). The median CVF TFV concentrations were 106 ng/mL after use of TFV IVR vs. 102 ng/mL for TDF/FTC. The median TFV and TFV-diphosphate concentrations in CV tissue were >100-fold higher among IVR users. The median CVF FTC concentrations were 103 ng/mL. FTC and FTC-triphosphate were detected in all CV tissues from TDF/FTC users. HIV inhibitory activity of CVF increased significantly with treatment in both cohorts (P < 0.01) but was higher in TFV IVR users (P < 0.01). In vitro inhibition of tissue infection with ex vivo administration of TFV and FTC was dose dependent, with maximal efficacy achieved with 10 µg/mL TFV, 1 µg/mL FTC, and 0.1 µg/mL of TFV and FTC combined. CONCLUSIONS: Both products were safe and increased mucosal HIV inhibitory activity. In addition to systemic protection, oral TDF/FTC displays a PK/PD profile compatible with CV mucosal antiviral activity. TFV IVR resulted in fewer AEs, lower TFV plasma concentrations, higher CVF and tissue TFV and TFV-DP concentrations, and greater anti-HIV activity in CVF.
New Infinite Families of Perfect Quaternion Sequences and Williamson Sequences
Creators: name: Bright, Curtis
name: Kotsireas, Ilias
name: Ganesh, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present new constructions for perfect and odd perfect sequences over the quaternion group $Q_8$. In particular, we show for the first time that perfect and odd perfect quaternion sequences exist in all lengths $2^t$ for $t\geq0$. In doing so we disprove the quaternionic form of Mow's conjecture that the longest perfect $Q_8$-sequence that can be constructed from an orthogonal array construction is of length 64. Furthermore, we use a connection to combinatorial design theory to prove the existence of a new infinite class of Williamson sequences, showing that Williamson sequences of length $2^t n$ exist for all $t\geq0$ when Williamson sequences of odd length $n$ exist. Our constructions explain the abundance of Williamson sequences in lengths that are multiples of a large power of two.
description: Version accepted for publication