Aguna claxonica Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Aguna
Aguna claxonica

description: Aguna claxonica Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ D5952070-7C94-498A-9066-62A9F3F52544  
(Fig. 1 part, 27–28, 239–240)  
 Definition and diagnosis. A specimen from Ecuador identified as Aguna claxon Evans, 1952 (type locality in Mexico: Veracruz) is genetically differentiated from it (COI barcode difference 4.9%, 32 bp) and represents a new species. This new species keys to Aguna claxon (C.5.3) in Evans (1952) and differs from it by harpe less extended dorsal, thus forming a wider gap from a longer and terminally narrower process of ampulla, harpe with a more convex dorsal margin forming into distal tooth (Fig. 240), and usually wider hyaline spot in forewing cell M 3 -CuA 1 (Fig. 27). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 1651.2.6:A45G, aly168.15.2:A94G, aly491.2.1:A394C, aly876.6.1:A81G, aly103.35.5:C187T, aly1405.20.9:A489A (not G), aly1405.20.9:C507C (not T), aly527.6.11:G81G (not T), aly4265.5.1:G63G (not A), aly 2130.10.1:T75T (not C), and COI barcode: A22G, A316T, 361C, T385T, A550G.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18016D12, GenBank OR837633, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGGATTTGAGCTGGTTTAGTTGGTACTTCTTTAAGATTACTTATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAACCCCTGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GACTAGTACCCCTTATACTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCATTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTTTAACTCTTTTAAT TTCTAGAAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGTACTGGATGAACTGTCTATCCCCCTCTTTCATCTAATATCGCCCACCAAGGAGCTTCTGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTCTCATTACATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTCTTGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATATCATTATTTATTTGAGCTGTAGGAATTACAGCTTTATTATTATTACTTTCATTGCCTGTTTTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATATTATT AACTGATCGTAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGACCCTGCAGGAGGGGGTGATCCTATTCTATACCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 27–28, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ECUADOR: Napo, | Misahuallí Jungle Lodge | 1° 01.54′ S, 77° 39.42′ W | 450 m, 6, 8 Jan 2002 | J.P.W. Hall & M.A. Solis], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18016D12 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450788], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Aguna claxonica | Grishin].   
 Type locality. Ecuador: Napo Province, Puerto Misahuallí, Misahuallí Amazon Lodge, elevation 450 m, GPS −1.0257, −77.6570.   
 Etymology. The name is formed by adding the suffix - ica to its sister species name, making the name longer for this more southern species. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362