cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Weather Derivatives as Primary Crop Insurance Instruments
Creators: name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Vedenov, Dmitry V.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: agricultural risk management
subject: crop insurance
subject: index insurance
subject: weather derivatives

description: This study analyzes efficiency of weather derivatives as primary insurance instruments for six crop reporting districts that are among the largest producers of corn, cotton, and soybeans in the United States. Specific weather derivatives are constructed for each crop/district combination based on analysis of several econometric models. The performance of the designed weather derivatives is then analyzed both in- and out-of-sample. The primary findings suggest that the optimal structure of weather derivatives varies widely across crops and regions, as does the risk-reducing performance of the optimally designed weather derivatives. Further, optimal weather derivatives required rather complicated combinations of weather variables to achieve reasonable fits between weather and yield.
Computer and Internet Use by Great Plains Farmers
Creators: name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Goe, W. Richard
name: Kemey, Martin
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Goe, W. Richard
name: Kemey, Martin
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: agriculture
subject: competitiveness
subject: net benefits
subject: technology adoption

description: This study uses data from a 2001 survey of Great Plains farmers to explore the adoption, usage patterns, and perceived benefits of computers and the Internet. Adoption results suggest that exposure to the technology through college, outside employment, friends, and family is ultimately more influential than farmer age and farm size. Notably, about half of those who use the Internet for farm-related business report zero economic benefits from it. Whether a farmer perceives that the Internet generates economic benefits depends primarily on how long the farmer has used the Internet for farm business and for what purposes.
Consumer Acceptance of Nutritionally Enhanced Genetically Modified Food: Relevance of Gene Transfer Technology
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer acceptance
subject: gene transfer technology
subject: genetic modification
subject: nutritionally enhanced food products
subject: willingness to consume

description: This study examines consumer's willingness to consume different types of a nutritionally enhanced food product (i.e., breakfast cereal with calcium, omega fatty acids, or anti-oxidants) derived from grains genetically modified using two types of technologies: plant-to-plant gene transfer technology and animal-to plant gene transfer technology. Findings indicate a majority of the respondents are willing or somewhat willing to consume the three types of nutritionally enhanced genetically modified breakfast cereal, but are less willing if the genetically modified product is derived from animal-to-plant gene transfer technology than from plant-to-plant gene transfer technology. However, the results of the ordered probit models suggest there are groups of consumers who will not approve of the use of either type of gene transfer technology even with the presence of an enhanced nutritional benefit in the product.
Additional file 1 of A single early-in-life antibiotic course increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis
Creators: name: Ozkul, Ceren
name: Ruiz, Victoria E.
name: Battaglia, Thomas
name: Xu, Joseph
name: Roubaud-Baudron, Claire
name: Cadwell, Ken
name: Perez-Perez, Guillermo I.
name: Blaser, Martin J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary figures supporting the results of this article.
Inverse Renormalization Group in Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Bachtis, Dimitrios
name: Aarts, Gert
name: Di Renzo, Francesco
name: Lucini, Biagio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose inverse renormalization group transformations within the context of quantum field theory that produce the appropriate critical fixed point structure, give rise to inverse flows in parameter space, and evade the critical slowing down effect in calculations pertinent to criticality. Given configurations of the two-dimensional $ϕ^{4}$ scalar field theory on sizes as small as $V=8^{2}$, we apply the inverse transformations to produce rescaled systems of size up to $V'=512^{2}$ which we utilize to extract two critical exponents. We conclude by discussing how the approach is generally applicable to any method that successfully produces configurations from a statistical ensemble and how it can give novel insights into the structure of the renormalization group.
Cost-Responsiveness of Conservation Practice Adoption: A Revealed Preference Approach
Creators: name: Lichtenberg, Erik
name: Lichtenberg, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: conservation technology adoption
subject: cost-sharing
subject: Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
subject: green payments
subject: soil conservation
subject: water quality protection

description: While there is current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals, relatively little is known about the influence of cost on conservation adoption decisions or about how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Using farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit installation costs, this study estimates latent demand models for seven on-farm conservation practices. All of the practices exhibit downward-sloping demand. Topographical variations in adoption conform to expectations. The estimation results suggest that cost sharing should have substantial effects on the adoption of several practices, and indicate strong complementarity among others.
Net Costs of Wildlife Damage on Private Lands
Creators: name: Rollins, Kimberly S.
name: Heigh, Lori
name: Kanetkar, Vinay
name: Rollins, Kimberly S.
name: Heigh, Lori
name: Kanetkar, Vinay
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: random effects probit
subject: tolerance thresholds
subject: wildlife benefits
subject: wildlife damage

description: This study models net welfare impacts on producers who receive utility from on-farm wildlife populations that are not costlessly disposable. Wildlife damage levels where net benefits are zero indicate producers' maximum willingness to pay for on-farm wildlife. An empirical model is developed. Results for Ontario producers suggest the net welfare loss from damage is approximately half of the value of the yield loss for those with damage. In aggregate, however, on-farm wildlife generates net benefits to producers that outweigh costs by about 10-to-1. The distribution of net benefits is highly skewed across producers.
The Voluntary Reporting System's Ability to Provide Price Transparency in the Cash Market for Dressed Steers: Evidence from South Dakota
Creators: name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: cointegration
subject: competitive spatial equilibrium
subject: error correction model
subject: mandatory price reporting
subject: marketing integration
subject: price transparency
subject: slaughter cattle spot market
subject: voluntary price reporting

description: The informational value of USDA's former voluntary price reporting system is investigated for dressed-weight slaughter steers sold by South Dakota producers. The ability of the former system to promote price transparency in the cash market is evaluated using state-level mandatory price reporting data collected from September 1999 to April 2001. The empirical framework examines the informational value of public price reports according to the criteria established in the market integration literature. The empirical results indicate that in the South Dakota cash market for dressed weight steers, the voluntary price reporting system fostered price transparency, and thus contributed to the price discovery process. Empirical evidence is also presented suggesting that strategic price reporting by market participants to influence the voluntary price reporting system was not detected during the period covered in this study.
OBLIGATIONS AND PENALTIES UNDER LEMON LAWS: AUTOMOBILES VERSUS TRACTORS
Creators: name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Distinctive new provisions of tractor lemon laws which create obligations and provide penalties for defective self-propelled agricultural equipment are contrasted with provisions of automobile lemon laws. Lemon-law obligations involve both producers' guarantees to provide consumers with a serviceable vehicle and producers' promise to remedy defects. Due to fewer manufacturer obligations under the tractor lemon laws as opposed to automobile lemon laws, tractors may be expected to have more defects than automobiles. Yet the tractor lemon laws contain fewer penalties in the form of restitution remedies. The inconsistencies of these obligations and penalties suggest tractor laws may be inefficient.
IMPORTANCE OF MELON TYPE, SIZE, GRADE, CONTAINER, AND SEASON IN DETERMINING MELON PRICES
Creators: name: Tronstad, Russell
name: Tronstad, Russell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), a computer intensive nonparametric classification method, was used to model weekly Los Angeles wholesale prices (1990-93) for twelve different melon types. CART explained more of the variation in melon prices than did an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with dummy variables. Explanatory variables ranked as the most-to-least important by CART are as follows: week, type of melon, year, size, grade, and shipping container. The most notable price change occurs when prices fall after 13 May.
title: Atlantic/I-80 Westbound On-ramp Project (EA: 03-0H460)
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response, and Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Recommendations for the Atlantic/Eureka Interstate-80 Westbound On-ramp Widening Project
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2018-01891
Revealing treacherous points for successful light-front phenomenological applications
Creators: name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
name: Bakker, Bernard. L. G.
name: Choi, Ho-Meoyng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light-front dynamics(LFD) plays an important role in hadron phenomenology as evidenced from recent development of generalized parton distributions and other quantities involving hadrons. For successful LFD applications to hadron phenomenology, however, treacherous points such as zero-mode contributions should be taken into account. For a concrete example of zero-mode contribution, we present Standard Model analysis of vector anomaly in the CP-even form factors of W^{\pm} gauge bosons. Main distinguished features of LFD is discussed in comparison with other Hamiltonian dynamics. We also present a power counting method to correctly pin down which hadron form factors receive the zero-mode contribution and which ones do not. Indications from our analysis to hadron phenomenology are discussed.
description: 6 pages; requires espcrc2.sty; to appear in the proceedings of Workshop on Light-Cone QCD and Nonperturbative Hadron Physics 2005 (LC 2005), Cairns, Queensland, Australia, 7-15 Jul 2005
Adaptive 3D descattering with a dynamic synthesis network
Creators: name: Tahir, Waleed
name: Wang, Hao
name: Tian, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep learning has been broadly applied to imaging in scattering applications. A common framework is to train a descattering network for image recovery by removing scattering artifacts. To achieve the best results on a broad spectrum of scattering conditions, individual "expert" networks need to be trained for each condition. However, the expert's performance sharply degrades when the testing condition differs from the training. An alternative brute-force approach is to train a "generalist" network using data from diverse scattering conditions. It generally requires a larger network to encapsulate the diversity in the data and a sufficiently large training set to avoid overfitting. Here, we propose an adaptive learning framework, termed dynamic synthesis network (DSN), which dynamically adjusts the model weights and adapts to different scattering conditions. The adaptability is achieved by a novel "mixture of experts" architecture that enables dynamically synthesizing a network by blending multiple experts using a gating network. We demonstrate the DSN in holographic 3D particle imaging for a variety of scattering conditions. We show in simulation that our DSN provides generalization across a continuum of scattering conditions. In addition, we show that by training the DSN entirely on simulated data, the network can generalize to experiments and achieve robust 3D descattering. We expect the same concept can find many other applications, such as denoising and imaging in scattering media. Broadly, our dynamic synthesis framework opens up a new paradigm for designing highly adaptive deep learning and computational imaging techniques.
Quantifying the robustness of topological slow light
Creators: name: Arregui, Guillermo
name: Gomis-Bresco, Jordi
name: Sotomayor-Torres, Clivia Marfa
name: García, Pedro David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-dimensional nanostructured materials can guide light propagating with very low group velocity vg. However, this slow light is significantly sensitive to unwanted imperfections in the critical dimensions of the nanostructure. The backscattering mean free path, xi, the average ballistic propagation length along the waveguide, quantifies the robustness of slow light against this type of structural disorder. This figure of merit determines the crossover between acceptable slow-light transmission affected by minimal scattering losses and a strong backscattering-induced destructive interference when xi exceeds the waveguide length L. Here, we calculate the backscattering mean free path for a topological photonic waveguide for a specific and determined amount of disorder and, equally relevant, for a fixed value of the group index ng which is the slowdown factor of the group velocity with respect to the speed of light in vacuum. These two figures of merit, xi and ng, should be taken into account when quantifying the robustness of topological and conventional (non-topological) slow-light transport at the nanoscale. Otherwise, any claim on a better performance of topological guided light over conventional one is not justified.
Reconsidering gauge-Higgs continuity
Creators: name: Grady, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3-d Z(2) lattice gauge-Higgs theory is cast in a partial axial gauge leaving a residual Z(2) symmetry, global in two directions and local in one. It is shown both analytically and numerically that this symmetry breaks spontaneously in the Higgs phase and is unbroken in the confinement phase. Therefore they must be separated everywhere by a phase transition, in contradiction to a theorem by Fradkin and Shenker. It relied on a fully fixed unitary gauge, which prohibits this phase transition explicitly. Thus the unfixed gauge theory is not, in this case, equivalent to the unitary-gauge version.
description: 11 pages, LaTex, 4 eps figures
Computing with spin qubits at the surface code error threshold
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao
name: Russ, Maximilian
name: Samkharadze, Nodar
name: Undseth, Brennan
name: Sammak, Amir
name: Scappucci, Giordano
name: Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-fidelity control of quantum bits is paramount for the reliable execution of quantum algorithms and for achieving fault-tolerance, the ability to correct errors faster than they occur. The central requirement for fault-tolerance is expressed in terms of an error threshold. Whereas the actual threshold depends on many details, a common target is the ~1% error threshold of the well-known surface code. Reaching two-qubit gate fidelities above 99% has been a long-standing major goal for semiconductor spin qubits. These qubits are well positioned for scaling as they can leverage advanced semiconductor technology. Here we report a spin-based quantum processor in silicon with single- and two-qubit gate fidelities all above 99.5%, extracted from gate set tomography. The average single-qubit gate fidelities remain above 99% when including crosstalk and idling errors on the neighboring qubit. Utilizing this high-fidelity gate set, we execute the demanding task of calculating molecular ground state energies using a variational quantum eigensolver algorithm. Now that the 99% barrier for the two-qubit gate fidelity has been surpassed, semiconductor qubits have gained credibility as a leading platform, not only for scaling but also for high-fidelity control.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 2 of Piperaquine resistant Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates: in vitro genotypic and phenotypic characterization
Creators: name: Boonyalai, Nonlawat
name: Vesely, Brian A.
name: Chatchadaporn Thamnurak
name: Chantida Praditpol
name: Watcharintorn Fagnark
name: Kirakarn Kirativanich
name: Piyaporn Saingam
name: Chaiyaporn Chaisatit
name: Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
name: Panita Gosi
name: Worachet Kuntawunginn
name: Pattaraporn Vanachayangkul
name: Spring, Michele D.
name: Fukuda, Mark M.
name: Chanthap Lon
name: Smith, Philip L.
name: Waters, Norman C.
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Wojnarski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. The oligonucleotides of each primers for copy number variation of P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) and P. falciparum plasmepsin 2 (pfpm2) with β-tubulin, the reference gene, performed by ABI 7500 Real-time PCR system.
REGULATION OF NITROGEN POLLUTION: TAXES VERSUS QUOTAS
Creators: name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Feinerman, Eli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper investigates the effects of first-best policies to regulate nitrogen application. Some nitrogen fertilizer is applied ex ante before a random rainfall, but sidedressed nitrogen may be applied ex post. First-best policy is a tax or a quota on ex ante application, because sidedressed nitrogen is not leached. Since a risk-averse farmer uses more nitrogen ex ante than a risk-neutral farmer, a higher tax must be imposed on the former. Action equivalent first-best taxes and quotas are also welfare equivalent. An empirical model for wheat in Israel was used to demonstrate the analytical findings.
Simultaneous state and parameter estimation: the role of sensitivity analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Jianbang
name: Gnanasekar, Aristarchus
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Bo, Song
name: Liu, Jinfeng
name: Hu, Jingtao
name: Zou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: State and parameter estimation is essential for process monitoring and control. Observability plays an important role in both state and parameter estimation. In simultaneous state and parameter estimation, the parameters are often augmented as extra states of the original system. When the augmented system is observable, various existing state estimation approaches may be used to estimate the states and parameters simultaneously. However, when the augmented system is not observable, how we should proceed to maximally extract the information contained in the measured outputs is not clear. This paper concerns about simultaneous state and parameter estimation when the augmented system is not fully observable. Specifically, we first show how sensitivity analysis is related to observability of a dynamical system, and then illustrate how it may be used to select variables for simultaneous estimation. We also propose a moving horizon state estimation (MHE) design that can use the variable selection results in a natural way. Extensive simulations are carried out to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Space Frequency Codes from Spherical Codes
Creators: name: Henkel, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new design method for high rate, fully diverse ('spherical') space frequency codes for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed, which works for arbitrary numbers of antennas and subcarriers. The construction exploits a differential geometric connection between spherical codes and space time codes. The former are well studied e.g. in the context of optimal sequence design in CDMA systems, while the latter serve as basic building blocks for space frequency codes. In addition a decoding algorithm with moderate complexity is presented. This is achieved by a lattice based construction of spherical codes, which permits lattice decoding algorithms and thus offers a substantial reduction of complexity.
description: 5 pages. Final version for the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory
L'edition de la version armenienne des Memre sur Nicomedie d'Ephrem
Creators: name: Minassian, Martiros
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
Near-threshold fatigue behavior of copper alloys in air and aqueous environments : a high cyclic frequency study
Creators: name: Ahmed, Tawfik M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The near-threshold fatigue crack propagation behavior of a-phase copper alloys in desiccated air and several aqueous environments has been investigated. Three commercial alloys of nominal composition Cu-30Ni (Cu-Ni), Cu-30Zn (Cu-Zn) and 90Cu-7Al-3Fe (Cu-Al) were tested. Fatigue tests were conducted using standard prefatigued single edged notched (SEN) specimens loaded in tension at a high frequency of ~100 Hz. Different R-ratios were employed, mostly at i?-ratios of 0.5. Low loading levels were used that corresponded to the threshold and near-threshold regions where ΔK[sub th] < ΔK < 11 MPa√m. Fatigue tests in the aqueous solutions showed that the effect of different corrosive environments during high frequency testing (~100 Hz) was not as pronounced as was expected when compared relative to air. Further testing revealed that environmental effects were present and fatigue crack growth rates were influenced by the fluid-induced closure effects which are generally reported in the fatigue literature to be operative only in viscous liquids, not in aqueous solutions. It was concluded that high frequency testing in aqueous environments consistently decreased crack growth rates in a manner similar to crack retardation effects in viscous fluids. Several theoretical models reported in the literature have underestimated, if not failed, to adequately predict the fluid induced closure in aqueous solutions. Results from the desiccated air tests confirmed that, under closure-free conditions (high Rratios), both threshold values and fatigue crack growth rate of stage II can be related to Young's modulus, in agreement with results from the literature. The role of different mechanical and environmental variables on fatigue behavior becomes most visible in the low i?-ratio regime, and contribute to various closure processes.
Off-Axis Characterisation of the CERN T10 Beam for low Momentum Proton Measurements with a High Pressure Gas Time Projection Chamber
Creators: name: Jones, S. B.
name: Nonnenmacher, T. S.
name: Atkin, E.
name: Barker, G. J.
name: Basharina-Freshville, A.
name: Betancourt, C.
name: Boyd, S. B.
name: Brailsford, D.
name: Chen-Wishart, Z.
name: Cremonesi, L.
name: Deisting, A.
name: Dias, A.
name: Dunne, P.
name: Haigh, J.
name: Hamacher-Baumann, P.
name: Kaboth, A.
name: Korzenev, A.
name: Ma, W.
name: Mermod, P.
name: Mironova, M.
name: Monroe, J.
name: Nichol, R.
name: Nowak, J.
name: Parker, W.
name: Ritchie-Yates, H.
name: Roth, S.
name: Saakyan, R.
name: Serra, N.
name: Shitov, Y.
name: Steinmann, J.
name: Tarrant, A.
name: Uchida, M. A.
name: Valder, S.
name: Waldron, A. V.
name: Ward, M.
name: Wascko, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present studies of proton fluxes in the T10 beamline at CERN. A prototype high pressure gas time projection chamber (TPC) was exposed to the beam of protons and other particles, using the 0.8 GeV/c momentum setting in T10, in order to make cross section measurements of low energy protons in argon. To explore the energy region comparable to hadrons produced by GeV-scale neutrino interactions at oscillation experiments, i.e., near 0.1 GeV of kinetic energy, methods of moderating the T10 beam were employed: the dual technique of moderating the beam with acrylic blocks and measuring scattered protons off the beam axis was used to decrease the kinetic energy of incident protons, as well as change the proton/minimum ionising particle (MIP) composition of the incident flux. Measurements of the beam properties were made using time of flight systems upstream and downstream of the TPC. The kinetic energy of protons reaching the TPC was successfully changed from $\sim0.3$ GeV without moderator blocks to less than 0.1 GeV with four moderator blocks (40 cm path length). The flux of both protons and MIPs off the beam axis was increased. The ratio of protons to MIPs vary as a function of the off-axis angle allowing for possible optimisation of the detector to select the type of required particles. Simulation informed by the time of flight measurements show that with four moderator blocks placed in the beamline, ($5.6 \pm 0.1$) protons with energies below 0.1 GeV per spill traversed the active TPC region. Measurements of the beam composition and energy are presented.
description: 28 pages, 30 figures
Effect of quantum error correction on detection-induced coherent errors
Creators: name: Yang, Qinghong
name: Liu, Dong E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the performance of quantum error correction codes (QECCs) under the detection-induced coherent error due to the imperfectness of practical implementations of stabilizer measurements, after running a quantum circuit. Considering the most promising surface code, we find that the detection-induced coherent error will result in undetected error terms, which will accumulate and evolve into logical errors. However, we show that such errors will be alleviated by increasing the code size, akin to eliminating other types of errors discussed previously. We also find that with detection-induced coherent errors, the exact surface code becomes an approximate QECC.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Piperaquine resistant Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates: in vitro genotypic and phenotypic characterization
Creators: name: Boonyalai, Nonlawat
name: Vesely, Brian A.
name: Chatchadaporn Thamnurak
name: Chantida Praditpol
name: Watcharintorn Fagnark
name: Kirakarn Kirativanich
name: Piyaporn Saingam
name: Chaiyaporn Chaisatit
name: Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
name: Panita Gosi
name: Worachet Kuntawunginn
name: Pattaraporn Vanachayangkul
name: Spring, Michele D.
name: Fukuda, Mark M.
name: Chanthap Lon
name: Smith, Philip L.
name: Waters, Norman C.
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Wojnarski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The oligonucleotides of each primers P. falciparum for drug-resistant markers testing, including pfkelch13 (covering amino acid positions 539 to 580), pfexo (amino acid position 415), and pfcrt (at amino acid positions 93, 97, 145, 218, 343, 350, and 353) performed by T100™ Thermal Cycler.
LEP Indications for Two Light Higgs Bosons and U(1)' Model
Creators: name: Demir, Durmus A.
name: Solmaz, Levent
name: Solmaz, Saime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reanalyses of LEP data have shown preference to two light CP-even Higgs bosons. We discuss implications of such a Higgs boson spectrum for the minimal supersymmetric model extended by a Standard Model singlet chiral superfield and an additional Abelian gauge invariance (the U(1)' model). We, in particular, determine parameter regions that lead to two light CP-even Higgs bosons while satisfying existing bounds on the mass and mixings of the extra vector boson. In these parameter regions, the pseudoscalar Higgs is found to be nearly degenerate in mass with either the lightest or next-to-lightest Higgs boson. Certain parameters of the U(1)' model such as the effective mu parameter are found to be significantly bounded by the LEP two-light-Higgs signal.
description: 20 pp, 7 figs, 2 tables
An inter-sectoral economic model for optimal sustainable mangrove use in the small island economy of Tonga
Creators: name: Rohorua, Halahingano
name: Lim, Steven
name: Rohorua, Halahingano
name: Lim, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Economic model
subject: optimal
subject: sustainable
subject: small island economy
subject: Tonga

description: The dependency of small island economies on natural resources coupled with the pubic nature of these resources means that sustainability is a topical issue especially when development projects offer opportunities for "better living" for communities. For a mangrove dependent community of Pangaimotu in Vavau in Tonga tourism development offers better income from employment opportunities. Yet reclaiming mangrove areas for tourism development is likely to impact on fisheries resources that have traditionally been the main form of livelihood for the community. It is argued that for small island communities, whenever development activities ignore the critical role of mangroves on fisheries resources, the wider implications to the community are also overlooked. In this paper an inter-sectoral economic model is used to demonstrate the impact it would have on fisheries resources in Pangaimotu if tourism is developed beyond a certain capacity. The sustainability of mangroves and its symbiotic relationship to fisheries is an issue easily overlooked by development planners when the central focus is placed on employment and money generating activities. The issues of exploitation and sustainable use of natural resources for economic development in small island communities remains as pertinent as ever.
Relativistic meson spectra on ion-trap quantum simulators
Creators: name: Knaute, Johannes
name: Hauke, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent rapid experimental advancement in the engineering of quantum many-body systems opens the avenue to controlled studies of fundamental physics problems via digital or analog quantum simulations. Here, we systematically analyze the capability of analog ion traps to explore relativistic meson spectra on current devices. We focus on the E_8 quantum field theory regime, which arises due to longitudinal perturbations at the critical point of the transverse-field Ising model. As we show through exact numerics, for sufficiently strong long-range suppression in experimentally accessible spin chain models, absorption spectroscopy allows for the identification of the low-lying meson excitations with a good degree of accuracy even for small system sizes. Our proposal thus opens a way for probing salient features of quantum many-body systems reminiscent of meson properties in high-energy physics.
description: v2: added discussion on adiabatic approximation; minor changes to match PRA layout
An experiment to detect gravity at sub-mm scale with high-Q mechanical oscillators
Creators: name: Haiberger, L.
name: Weingran, M.
name: Wenz, H.
name: Schiller, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon double paddle oscillators are well suited for the detection of weak forces because of their high Q factor (about 10^5 at room temperature). We describe an experiment aimed at the detection of gravitational forces between masses at sub-mm distance using such an oscillator. Gravitational excitation is produced by a rotating aluminium disk with platinum segments. The force sensitivity of this apparatus is about 10 fN at room temperature for 1000 s averaging time at room temperature. The current limitations to detection of the gravitational force are mentioned.
description: 19 pages, to appear in Proceedings of the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by M. Novello, S. Perez-Bergliaffa and R. Ruffini, World Scientific. Revision: portable format and revised figures
Japan-New Zealand Trade and Fishery Frictions: Some Characteristics and Implications
Creators: name: Okada, Yoshinori
name: Okada, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Trade and Fishery Friction
subject: Total Economic Relationship
subject: Trade negotiation
subject: Environmental Friction

description: The greatest friction in trade and fishery between Japan and New Zealand was the Total Economic Relationship, which was insisted by the PM of NZ. NZ wanted to export dairy foods in exchange for admitting fishing. Both governments experienced a long and tough negotiation. Recently frictions have happened in various sectors, such as Environmental and Food Customs. The friction looks broad and dangerous. In spite of the emotional reactions, however, I don't think that is a serious problem. Both sides should know the importance and the character. If both sides do not respond correctly, trade will stagnate in the future.
Coulomb interaction effects on the electronic structure of radial polarized excitons in nanorings
Creators: name: Barticevic, Z.
name: Pacheco, M.
name: Simonin, J.
name: Proetto, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of radially polarized excitons in structured nanorings is analyzed, with emphasis in the ground-state properties and their dependence under applied magnetic fields perpendicular to the ring plane. The electron-hole Coulomb attraction has been treated rigorously, through numerical diagonalization of the full exciton Hamiltonian in the non-interacting electron-hole pairs basis. Depending on the relative weight of the kinetic energy and Coulomb contributions, the ground-state of polarized excitons has "extended" or "localized" features. In the first case, corresponding to small rings dominated by the kinetic energy, the ground-state shows Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations due to the individual orbits of the building particles of the exciton. In the localized regime, corresponding to large rings dominated by the Coulomb interaction, the only remaining AB oscillations are due to the magnetic flux trapped between the electron and hole orbits. This dependence of the exciton, a neutral excitation, on the flux difference confirms this feature as a signature of Coulomb dominated polarized excitons. Analytical approximations are provided in both regimens, which accurate reproduce the numerical results.
description: 9 pages, including 6 figures
Annuaire catholique d'Egypte 1973
Creators: name: Roncaglia, Martiniano Pellegrino
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
Additional file 3 of BRCAness digitalMLPA profiling predicts benefit of intensified platinum-based chemotherapy in triple-negative and luminal-type breast cancer
Creators: name: Lips, Esther H.
name: Benard-Slagter, Anne
name: Opdam, Mark
name: Scheerman, Caroline E.
name: Wesseling, Jelle
name: Hogervorst, Frans B. L.
name: Linn, Sabine C.
name: Savola, Suvi
name: Nederlof, Petra M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3:. Description of the study according to REMARK criteria.
The Reproductive Role of Melatonin: A Review
Creators: name: Amir Amin Sheikh1 and Jonali Devi2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description:  

Domestic animals are broadly classified depending upon the number of times they breed during a year as seasonal and non-seasonal breeders. Seasonal breeders are those that have specified period of time in a year during which they actively breed. They use the changes occurring in day length and accordingly regulate many of the physiological and behavioural processes. These are again sub classified into Monoestrus and Polyestrous. Monoestrus animals are those which have only one estrus cycle during the breeding season e.g. horse, donkey, sheep and goat and polyestrous are those which have several cycles during each breeding season e.g. cattle, pigs. These species of animals can also be further categorized as long day and short-day breeders. Non seasonal breeds are those which undergo breeding throughout the year which include polyestrous animals include cattle and pigs. Duration of photo period (day-length) plays a critical role in onset of breeding season for seasonal breeders.
Specification of Environmental Emission Trading Options in a Spatial Multi-Agent Simulation Model of Pastoral Farming
Creators: name: Dake, Chris K.G.
name: Manderson, Andrew K.
name: MacKay, Alec D.
name: Dake, Chris K.G.
name: Manderson, Andrew K.
name: MacKay, Alec D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Whole farm risk modelling
subject: environmental emissions trading
subject: multi-agent simulation

description: A risk efficient frontier for a pastoral farm indicates the optimal enterprise mix that allows the farmer to generate the highest income for a given level of financial risk. It is calculated by matching the available range of enterprises (sheep, beef cattle, deer, dairy, exotic forest and indigenous forest) to the mix of land classes available on the farm. The quantity of environmental emissions produced from the farm varies with the optimal enterprise mix along the risk efficient frontier, and therefore enables the farmer to assess the financial consequences of moving along the frontier to achieve a desired level of environmental emissions. This study uses databases of land cover, land classes and farm boundaries to develop a method for estimating the risk efficient frontier for each farm in the Lake Taupo catchment. The information is used to develop nitrogen trading rules for farmers in a multi-agent simulation framework. The other decision makers in the multi-agent simulation framework are the regulatory institution which sets trading rules and can purchase nitrogen, and the auctioneer who manages the trading protocols. The regulator's cost function for acquiring nitrogen was derived assuming the regulator has full information of the risk efficient frontier of each farmer in the Lake Taupo catchment. Other trading protocols using complete or partial information of the farmers risk efficient frontiers are being developed.
Additional file 1 of The effect of increasing heel height on lower limb symmetry during the back squat in trained and novice lifters
Creators: name: Sayers, Mark G. L.
name: Nasab, S. H. Hosseini
name: Bachem, Caroline
name: Taylor, William R.
name: List, Renate
name: Lorenzetti, Silvio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1, Table S2, and Table S3. Mean and standard deviation (in brackets) of the maximum joint angles in the sagittal plane and the corresponding symmetry indices (SIs) for the lower limb joints in expert (regular) and novice weight lifters. FL: flat heels and EH: elevated heels. Figure S1 and Figure S2. Time-series mean and standard deviation clouds representing the ankle (left), knee (middle) and hip (right) joint moments (Nm/kg) in the frontal plane for the novice weight trainers during both the flat floor (FL, top) and elevated heels (EH, bottom) squat conditions together with SPM data. Red lines represent data for the right leg, while the green lines are for the left leg.
Whither the Crown Research Institutes? Funding Issues
Creators: name: Johnson, Robin
name: Johnson, Robin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Crown Research Institutes
subject: Funding
subject: Contestability

description: In the course of another exercise (Johnson, Scrimgeour & Manning 2006) I compiled, with the help of CCMAU, a financial record of the crown research institutes from 1992 to 2005. In this paper I thought I would share with this audience some of the facts that emerged from the exercise and make some observations about present and future trends in the organisation of R&D funding in NZ. There has been a systematic clamour from the agricultural institutes that the initial plans for the CRI discriminated against their activities. This led to job uncertainty as well as a huge increase in transaction costs in the process of obtaining funds. More recently, the activities of the agricultural interests has seen a re-activation of forward planning for this part of the science sector in the form of Dairy 21 an amalgamation of Dexcel, Dairy Insight and Fonterra interests along with AgResearch. In the meantime, the Government has yielded to CRI pressure to modify the contestable model for science funding with more emphasis on longer term planning and continuity for the funding of the institutes. Most recently, scientists at Otago University have pointed out that moves in this direction are likely to be at the expense of university funding of R&D.
Impacto de la moratoria en la participación laboral de los adultos mayores y en los hogares
Creators: name: Beccaria, Luis
name: Monsalvo, Ana Paula
name: Fernandez, Ana Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Análisis de impacto de la moratoria previsional sobre la participación de los adultos mayores en el mercado de trabajo Documento elaborado en el marco del Proyecto Políticas públicas y el desempeño laboral y social de argentina en los 2000s, con énfasis en la temática de género (PIO N° 201-40100015-CO), financiado por el CONICET y la UNGS
Additional file 1 of BRCAness digitalMLPA profiling predicts benefit of intensified platinum-based chemotherapy in triple-negative and luminal-type breast cancer
Creators: name: Lips, Esther H.
name: Benard-Slagter, Anne
name: Opdam, Mark
name: Scheerman, Caroline E.
name: Wesseling, Jelle
name: Hogervorst, Frans B. L.
name: Linn, Sabine C.
name: Savola, Suvi
name: Nederlof, Petra M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure 1. Consort diagram for training and validation the BRCA1 –like (A) and BRCA2-like (B) digitalMLPA classifiers. The Number of correctly classified samples by digitalMLPA is indicated as well as the number of BRCA1 mutated, BRCA1 methylated and BRCA2 mutated samples. Figure 2. Determination of cut-off for BRCA1-like (A) and BRCA2-like (B) classification in training set. Cut-off value for BRCA1-like was set 0.14 and cut-off value for BRCA1-like was set at 0.21. Table 2. Association of BRCA-like test result and clinical characteristics.