cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of two approaches to teaching speech in terms of reducing speech anxiety
Creators: name: Fandrich, Bernard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The hypotheses on which this study is based state that a group receiving an encountering approach to speech training will register a greater reduction in speech anxiety than a group receiving the conventional approach to speech training; the conventional group will show a greater reduction in speech anxiety than a control group that received no speech training. The encountering approach consisted of encountering exercises, role-playing, creative drama, and discussion techniques. The conventional approach consisted of formalized speechmaking in front of an audience. Subjects were 47 grade 12 students enrolled in the English 12 course at Britannia High School in Vancouver. Three groups were randomly selected and each was assigned one of the experimental conditions. The experimenter met with the two treatment groups for fifteen one hour sessions and taught the encounter approach to one group and the conventional approach to the other. An introspective measure was administered to each group in the first and last session. Two trained observers rated each subject in terms of the overt manifestations of speech anxiety in their final speeches. An analysis of covariance was made involving the results on the introspective measure (MAACL). The Kruskal-Wallace test was used in comparing the observational scores (TORCL). Both hypotheses were rejected. The results of the introspective measure were not significant. However, in comparing the results of the observer scores, a significant difference was found between the encounter group and the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the conventional and control groups.
Squeezing and entanglement in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Esteve, J.
name: Gross, C.
name: Weller, A.
name: Giovanazzi, S.
name: Oberthaler, M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement, a key feature of quantum mechanics, is a resource that allows the improvement of precision measurements beyond the conventional bound reachable by classical means. This is known as the standard quantum limit, already defining the accuracy of the best available sensors for various quantities such as time or position. Many of these sensors are interferometers in which the standard quantum limit can be overcome by feeding their two input ports with quantum-entangled states, in particular spin squeezed states. For atomic interferometers, Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms are considered good candidates to provide such states involving a large number of particles. In this letter, we demonstrate their experimental realization by splitting a condensate in a few parts using a lattice potential. Site resolved detection of the atoms allows the measurement of the conjugated variables atom number difference and relative phase. The observed fluctuations imply entanglement between the particles, a resource that would allow a precision gain of 3.8 dB over the standard quantum limit for interferometric measurements.
Topics in Quantum Dynamics and Coherence for Quantum Information Processing
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline selected trends and results in theoretical modeling of quantum systems in support of the developing research field of quantum information processing. The resulting modeling tools have been applied to semiconductor materials and nanostructures that show promise for implementation of coherent, controlled quantum dynamics at the level of registers of several quantum bits (qubits), such as spins. Many-body field-theoretical techniques have been utilized to address a spectrum of diverse research topics. Specifically, the theory of decoherence and more generally the origin and effects of quantum noise and the loss of entanglement in quantum dynamics of qubits and several-qubit registers has been advanced. Qubit coupling mechanisms via the indirect exchange interaction have been investigated, and quantum computing designs have been evaluated for scalability. We outline general and specific research challenges, the solution of which will advance the field of modeling "open quantum systems" to further our understanding of how environmental influences affect quantum coherence and its loss during quantum dynamics.
Additional file 2 of Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Bjøntegaard, Karen Alterhaug
name: Stafne, Signe Nilssen
name: Mørkved, Siv
name: Salvesen, Kjell Åsmund
name: Evensen, Kari Anne I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2a. Correlation coefficients for the association of children’s iso-BMI and PA with mothers’ BMI and PA in the intervention group at the 7-year follow-up. Table S2b. Correlation coefficients for the association of children’s iso-BMI and PA with mothers’ BMI and PA in the control group at the 7-year follow-up.
Shifting values in Sinclair Lewis
Creators: name: Ellenor, Leslie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this thesis is to examine two characteristics in the life and works of Sinclair Lewis: his ambivalence in general, and his particular unambivalent hostility towards religion. Although he held inconsistent and incompatible views on America, its people, institutions, and beliefs, he was consistent in his dislike of American religious practices. Chapter I examines Lewis's ambivalence respecting America and Americans, the Middle West, the Middle Class and Business; there is also an account of Lewis's persistent hostility towards religious beliefs, the clergy, and churchgoers. Chapter II examines aspects of the life and personality of Sinclair Lewis for some of the factors which contribute to his ambivalent views and also to his anti-religious outlook. Chapter III notes the timeliness of Lewis's novels, published in the Twenties when people were confused about their beliefs. Chapter III then analyses in detail four novels, Main Street, Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, and The God Seeker, which demonstrate how Lewis's attitudes change, except towards religion. Chapter IV studies the style of Sinclair Lewis, and notes that he constantly applies mocking or hostile terms to clergy and Christians, while on other subjects he expresses incompatible views with noisy assurance. Chapter IV also suggests that Lewis's ambivalence and his anti-religion both stem from a lack of profundity in his thought and feeling. He is unable to understand and appreciate fully the truths of American life and the truths of religion.
Additional file 1 of The use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of bone marrow oedema — a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Häußer, Jonathan
name: Wieber, Juliane
name: Catalá-Lehnen, Philip
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table of studies which met eligibility criteria and risk of bias.
Quantum Error Correction for Beginners
Creators: name: Devitt, Simon J.
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspect of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the fragility of coherent quantum systems would be a catastrophic obstacle to the development of large scale quantum computers. The introduction of quantum error correction in 1995 showed that active techniques could be employed to mitigate this fatal problem. However, quantum error correction and fault-tolerant computation is now a much larger field and many new codes, techniques, and methodologies have been developed to implement error correction for large scale quantum algorithms. In response, we have attempted to summarize the basic aspects of quantum error correction and fault-tolerance, not as a detailed guide, but rather as a basic introduction. This development in this area has been so pronounced that many in the field of quantum information, specifically researchers who are new to quantum information or people focused on the many other important issues in quantum computation, have found it difficult to keep up with the general formalisms and methodologies employed in this area. Rather than introducing these concepts from a rigorous mathematical and computer science framework, we instead examine error correction and fault-tolerance largely through detailed examples, which are more relevant to experimentalists today and in the near future.
description: 35 pages, 25 Figures, Published version
A heat trace anomaly on polygons
Creators: name: Mazzeo, Rafe
name: Rowlett, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50

description: Let $Ω_0$ be a polygon in $\RR^2$, or more generally a compact surface with piecewise smooth boundary and corners. Suppose that $Ω_\e$ is a family of surfaces with $\calC^\infty$ boundary which converges to $Ω_0$ smoothly away from the corners, and in a precise way at the vertices to be described in the paper. Fedosov \cite{Fe}, Kac \cite{K} and McKean-Singer \cite{MS} recognized that certain heat trace coefficients, in particular the coefficient of $t^0$, are not continuous as $\e \searrow 0$. We describe this anomaly using renormalized heat invariants of an auxiliary smooth domain $Z$ which models the corner formation. The result applies both for Dirichlet and Neumann conditions. We also include a discussion of what one might expect in higher dimensions.
description: Revision includes treatment of the Neumann problem and a discussion of the higher dimensional case; some new references
Modeling The Large Scale Bias of Neutral Hydrogen
Creators: name: Marin, Felipe
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Vallinotto, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new analytical estimates of the large scale bias of neutral hydrogen (HI). We use a simple, non-parametric model which monotonically relates the total mass of a halo M_tot with its HI mass M_HI at zero redshift; for earlier times we assume limiting models for the HI density evolution consistent with the data presently available, as well as two main scenarios for the evolution of our M_HI - M_tot relation. We find that both the linear and the first nonlinear bias terms exhibit a strong evolution with redshift, regardless of the specific limiting model assumed for the H I density over time. These analytical predictions are then shown to be consistent with measurements performed on the Millennium Simulation. Additionally, we show that this strong bias evolution does not sensibly affect the measurement of the HI power spectrum.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by ApJ. New version: important changes from considering blue galaxy fraction, but conclusions remain the same. Fixed typos
Additional file 2 of The use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of bone marrow oedema — a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Häußer, Jonathan
name: Wieber, Juliane
name: Catalá-Lehnen, Philip
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA checklist.
Negative Refraction Gives Rise to the Klein Paradox
Creators: name: Guney, Durdu O.
name: Meyer, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic negative refraction in metamaterials has attracted increasingly great interest, since its first experimental verification in 2001. It potentially leads to the applications superior to conventional devices including compact antennas for mobile stations, imaging beyond the diffraction limit, and high-resolution radars, not to mention the anamolous wave propagation in fundamental optics. Here, we report how metamaterials could be used to simulate the "negative refraction of spin-zero particles interacting with a strong potential barrier", which gives rise to the Klein paradox--a counterintuitive relativistic process. We address the underlying physics of analogous wave propagation behaviours in those two entirely different domains of quantum and classical.
description: 4 journal pages, 2 figures
Torelli theorem for the Deligne--Hitchin moduli space
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Gomez, Tomas L.
name: Hoffmann, Norbert
name: Logares, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14C34

description: Fix integers $g\geq 3$ and $r\geq 2$, with $r\geq 3$ if $g=3$. Given a compact connected Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g$, let $\MDH(X)$ denote the corresponding $\text{SL}(r, {\mathbb C})$ Deligne--Hitchin moduli space. We prove that the complex analytic space $\MDH(X)$ determines (up to an isomorphism) the unordered pair $\{X, \overline{X}\}$, where $\overline{X}$ is the Riemann surface defined by the opposite almost complex structure on $X$.
description: 14 pages
Passage time from four to two blocks of opinions in the voter model and walks in the quarter plane
Creators: name: Kurkova, Irina
name: Raschel, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C22, 60G50, 60G40, 30E20

description: A random walk in $Z_+^2$ spatially homogeneous in the interior, absorbed at the axes, starting from an arbitrary point $(i_0,j_0)$ and with step probabilities drawn on Figure 1 is considered. The trivariate generating function of probabilities that the random walk hits a given point $(i,j)\in Z_+^2$ at a given time $k\geq 0$ is made explicit. Probabilities of absorption at a given time $k$ and at a given axis are found, and their precise asymptotic is derived as the time $k\to\infty$. The equivalence of two typical ways of conditioning this random walk to never reach the axes is established. The results are also applied to the analysis of the voter model with two candidates and initially, in the population $Z$, four connected blocks of same opinions. Then, a citizen changes his mind at a rate proportional to the number of its neighbors that disagree with him. Namely, the passage from four to two blocks of opinions is studied.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 3 of The use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of bone marrow oedema — a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Häußer, Jonathan
name: Wieber, Juliane
name: Catalá-Lehnen, Philip
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. PROSPERO Intervention protocol.
Ecological study of Laminaria sinclairii and L. longipes
Creators: name: Markham, James W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey) Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, found from Southern California to Central British Columbia, and L. longipes Bory, found from Southeast Alaska to the Kurile Islands, differ in several ways from most other kelp plants. Their most distinctive feature is the rhizome-like holdfast, composed of many haptera, from which arise multiple stipes, each bearing a single blade. The two species are very similar to each other and have been distinguished in the past primarily by the presence of mucilage ducts in the stipe of L. sinclairii and the absence of these in the stipe of L. longipes. In order to determine whether the two species are indeed distinct, their distribution, ecology, growth, and reproduction were studied in the laboratory and on beaches in Alaska, British Columbia, and Oregon. The gross distribution of both species appears to be controlled by temperature. Transplants and laboratory cultures indicate that L. longipes is adapted to lower temperatures than L. sinclairii. Salinity apparently has little influence on distribution, as both species tolerate wide ranges of salinity. L. sinclairii was studied in situ on three beaches in Northern Oregon, where the plants are subjected to heavy surf. The sand level on the beaches rises through the summer so that the plants are partly or wholly buried under sand by late summer. The first heavy storms in the fall remove most of the sand. Maximum growth occurs in early summer, prior to burial. The blades are lost in December and new ones are regenerated in January. Ripe sori are produced on the old blades just before they are lost and on the new blades just after they appear. There is little evidence from either field or laboratory studies to indicate that the gametophytes which develop from the spores in these sori normally produce sporophytes. Sexual reproduction of this type is difficult because of the scouring action of the sand. In March and April there is considerable production of new stipes and blades from the haptera at the margins of the holdfast. This vegetative proliferation is apparently the normal method of reproduction. L. longipes was observed in situ in Alaska on only five occasions. Growth is greatest in summer and sori are produced in December. Laboratory cultures indicate that sexual reproduction is very rare in this species. L. longipes is rarely associated with sand. Transplants and laboratory cultures indicate that production of mucilage ducts in the stipes of the two species is not affected by changes in environmental conditions. Comparison of the two species shows they differ in several other points besides mucilage ducts, including length of stipes, width of blades, winter loss of blades, morphology of gametophytes, and habitat. The evidence confirms that they should be retained as two separate species.
Integrable Systems of Partial Differential Equations Determined by Structure Equations and Lax pair
Creators: name: Bracken, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C44, 58A10, 58H5

description: It is shown how a system of evolution equations can be developed both from the structure equations of a submanifold embedded in three-space as well as from a matrix SO(6) Lax pair. The two systems obtained this way correspond exactly when a constraint equation is selected and imposed on the system of equations. This allows the coefficients of the second fundamental form to be selected in a more general way so they need not be constants.
description: 8 pages
The practice of China Science & Technology Resource identifier (CSTR) in National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)
Creators: name: Yaqin, Yuan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Persistent identifiers
China Science & Technology Resource identifier

description: Persistent identifiers (PIDs) play an important role in scientific data management, especially in data publication and citation to support the findability and accessibility of scientific data. Data organizations and institutions in China are increasingly aware of PIDs as required for implementation of the FAIR principles, and as a result, many good practices have been developed. It is worth noting that China has also established a persistent identifier, namely the China Science & Technology Resource identifier (CSTR). In my session I will share a typical case of National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) embedding four types of PIDs into its workflows, exemplifying the application of PIDs in scientific data management in China. In these four types, I will emphasize the case of CSTR.
Effect of hyperviscosity on the Navier-Stokes turbulence
Creators: name: Younsi, Abdelhafid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we modified the Navier-Stokes equations by adding a higher order artificial viscosity term to the conventional system. We first show that the solution of the regularized system converges strongly to the solution of the conventional system as the regularization parameter goes to zero, for each dimension d $\le$ 4. Then we show that the use of this artificial viscosity term leads to truncated the number of degrees of freedom in the long-time behavior of the solutions to these equations. This result suggests that the hyperviscous Navier-Stokes system is an interesting model for three-dimensional fluid turbulence.
Additional file 1 of The use of the mannitol test as an outcome measure in asthma intervention studies: a review and practical recommendations
Creators: name: Sverrild, Asger
name: Leadbetter, Joanna
name: Porsbjerg, Celeste
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of information from the 12 studies included in the review and 7 studies excluded because of no usable PD15 data.
Stochastic excitation of nonradial modes II. Are solar asymptotic gravity modes detectable?
Creators: name: Belkacem, K.
name: Samadi, R.
name: Goupil, M. J.
name: Dupret, M. A.
name: Brun, A. S.
name: Baudin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of solar gravity modes remains a major challenge to our understanding of the innerparts of the Sun. Their frequencies would enable the derivation of constraints on the core physical properties while their amplitudes can put severe constraints on the properties of the inner convective region. Our purpose is to determine accurate theoretical amplitudes of solar g modes and estimate the SOHO observation duration for an unambiguous detection. We investigate the stochastic excitation of modes by turbulent convection as well as their damping. Input from a 3D global simulation of the solar convective zone is used for the kinetic turbulent energy spectrum. Damping is computed using a parametric description of the nonlocal time-dependent convection-pulsation interaction. We then provide a theoretical estimation of the intrinsic, as well as apparent, surface velocity. Asymptotic g-mode velocity amplitudes are found to be orders of magnitude higher than previous works. Using a 3D numerical simulation, from the ASH code, we attribute this to the temporal-correlation between the modes and the turbulent eddies which is found to follow a Lorentzian law rather than a Gaussian one as previously used. We also find that damping rates of asymptotic gravity modes are dominated by radiative losses, with a typical life-time of $3 \times 10^5$ years for the $\ell=1$ mode at $ν=60 μ$Hz. The maximum velocity in the considered frequency range (10-100 $μ$Hz) is obtained for the $\ell=1$ mode at $ν=60 μ$Hz and for the $\ell=2$ at $ν=100 μ$Hz. Due to uncertainties in the modeling, amplitudes at maximum i.e. for $\ell=1$ at 60 $μ$Hz can range from 3 to 6 mm s$^{-1}$.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
One world versus many: the inadequacy of Everettian accounts of evolution, probability, and scientific confirmation
Creators: name: Kent, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a compelling intellectual case for exploring whether purely unitary quantum theory defines a sensible and scientifically adequate theory, as Everett originally proposed. Many different and incompatible attempts to define a coherent Everettian quantum theory have been made over the past fifty years. However, no known version of the theory (unadorned by extra ad hoc postulates) can account for the appearance of probabilities and explain why the theory it was meant to replace, Copenhagen quantum theory, appears to be confirmed, or more generally why our evolutionary history appears to be Born-rule typical. This article reviews some ingenious and interesting recent attempts in this direction by Wallace, Greaves, Myrvold and others, and explains why they don't work. An account of one-world randomness, which appears scientifically satisfactory, and has no many-worlds analogue, is proposed. A fundamental obstacle to confirming many-worlds theories is illustrated by considering some toy many-worlds models. These models show that branch weights can exist without having any role in either rational decision-making or theory confirmation, and also that the latter two roles are logically separate. Wallace's proposed decision theoretic axioms for rational agents in a multiverse and claimed derivation of the Born rule are examined. It is argued that Wallace's strategy of axiomatizing a mathematically precise decision theory within a fuzzy Everettian quasiclassical ontology is incoherent. Moreover, Wallace's axioms are not constitutive of rationality either in Everettian quantum theory or in theories in which branchings and branch weights are precisely defined. In both cases, there exist coherent rational strategies that violate some of the axioms.
description: Paper unchanged, but fixed error in previous arxiv submission which caused two identical copies to appear
The Euler scheme for Feller processes
Creators: name: Böttcher, Björn
name: Schnurr, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35, 65C30, 60J75, 60J25, 47G30

description: We consider the Euler scheme for stochastic differential equations with jumps, whose intensity might be infinite and the jump structure may depend on the position. This general type of SDE is explicitly given for Feller processes and a general convergence condition is presented. In particular the characteristic functions of the increments of the Euler scheme are calculated in terms of the symbol of the Feller process in a closed form. These increments are increments of Lévy processes and thus the Euler scheme can be used for simulation by applying standard techniques from Lévy processes.
On the Rabinowitz Floer homology of twisted cotangent bundles
Creators: name: Merry, Will J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider the cotangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ of dimension 2 or more, endowed with a twisted symplectic structure defined by a closed weakly exact 2-form $σ$ on $M$ whose lift to the universal cover of $M$ admits a bounded primitive. We compute the Rabinowitz Floer homology of energy hypersurfaces $Σ_{k}=H^{-1}(k)$ of mechanical (kinetic energy + potential) Hamiltonians $H$ for the case when the energy value k is greater than the Mane critical value c. Under the stronger condition that k>c_{0}, where c_{0} denotes the strict Mane critical value, Abbondandolo and Schwarz recently computed the Rabinowitz Floer homology of such hypersurfaces, by means of a short exact sequence of chain complexes involving the Rabinowitz Floer chain complex and the Morse (co)chain complex associated to the free time action functional. We extend their results to the weaker case k>c, thus covering cases where $σ$ is not exact. As a consequence, we deduce that the hypersurface corresponding to the energy level k is never displaceable for any k>c. Moreover, we prove that if dim M > 1, the homology of the free loop space of $M$ is infinite dimensional, and if the metric is chosen generically, a generic Hamiltonian diffeomorphism has infinitely many leaf-wise intersection points in $Σ_{k}$.
description: V4 - final version, accepted for publication in CVPDE
Additional file 1 of “Mapping suicide prevention initiatives targeting Indigenous Sámi in Nordic countries”
Creators: name: Stoor, Jon Petter A.
name: Eriksen, Heidi A.
name: Silviken, Anne C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of suicide prevention initiatives targeting Sámi in Sweden.
Additional file 1 of Disturbances in branched-chain amino acid profile and poor daily functioning in mildly depressed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Creators: name: Pinson, Marisa R.
name: Deutz, Nicolaas E. P.
name: Harrykissoon, Rajesh
name: Zachria, Anthony J.
name: Engelen, Mariëlle P. K. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Tables.
On-Line Long-Exposure Phase Diversity: a Powerful Tool for Sensing Quasi-Static Aberrations of Extreme Adaptive Optics Imaging Systems
Creators: name: Mugnier, L. M.
name: Sauvage, J. -F.
name: Fusco, T.
name: Cornia, A.
name: Dandy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diversity technique is a useful tool to measure and pre-compensate for quasi-static aberrations, in particular non-common path aberrations, in an adaptive optics corrected imaging system. In this paper, we propose and validate by simulations an extension of the phase diversity technique that uses long exposure adaptive optics corrected images for sensing quasi-static aberrations during the scientific observation, in particular for high-contrast imaging. The principle of the method is that, for a sufficiently long exposure time, the residual turbulence is averaged into a convolutive component of the image and that phase diversity estimates the sole static aberrations of interest. The advantages of such a procedure, compared to the processing of short-exposure image pairs, are that the separation between static aberrations and turbulence-induced ones is performed by the long-exposure itself and not numerically, that only one image pair must be processed, that the estimation benefits from the high SNR of long-exposure images, and that only the static aberrations of interest are to be estimated. Long-exposure phase diversity can also be used as a phasing sensor for a segmented aperture telescope. Thus, it may be particularly useful for future planet finder projects such as EPICS on the European ELT.
description: To be published in Optics Express
Additional file 2 of “Mapping suicide prevention initiatives targeting Indigenous Sámi in Nordic countries”
Creators: name: Stoor, Jon Petter A.
name: Eriksen, Heidi A.
name: Silviken, Anne C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Descriptive characteristics of suicide prevention initiatives targeting Sámi in Norway, Finland and internationally.
A $K$-theoretical invariant and bifurcation for a parameterized family of functionals
Creators: name: Portaluri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37G25, 55N15 (Primary), 58E07 (Secondary)

description: For a family of functionals defined on a Hilbert manifold and smoothly depending on a compact finite dimensional manifold, we give a sufficient condition on the parameter space in such a way the family bifurcate from the trivial branch.
description: 7 pages. No figures. Latex2e
Electric S-brane solutions corresponding to rank-2 Lie algebras: acceleration and small variation of G
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
name: Kononogov, S. A.
name: Melnikov, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electric S-brane solutions with two non-composite electric branes and a set of l scalar fields are considered. The intersection rules for branes correspond to Lie algebras A_2, C_2 and G_2. The solutions contain five factor spaces. One of them, M_0, is interpreted as our 3-dimensional space. It is shown that there exists a time interval where accelerated expansion of our 3-dimensional space is compatible with a small enough variation of the effective gravitational constant G(τ). This interval contains τ_0, a point of minimum of the function G(τ). A special solution with two phantom scalar fields is analyzed and it is shown that in the vicinity of the point τ_0 the time variation of G(τ) (calculated in the linear approximation) decreases in the sequence of Lie algebras A_2, C_2 and G_2.
description: 13 pages, LaTex, no figures
Additional file 3 of “Mapping suicide prevention initiatives targeting Indigenous Sámi in Nordic countries”
Creators: name: Stoor, Jon Petter A.
name: Eriksen, Heidi A.
name: Silviken, Anne C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Problematizations, category and level of intervention suggested, yielded through applying the “What is the problem represented to be?”-approach on suicide prevention initiatives targeting Sámi in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Additional file 5 of Reflection on the teaching of student-centred formative assessment in medical curricula: an investigation from the perspective of medical students
Creators: name: Ma, Tianjiao
name: Li, Yin
name: Yuan, Hua
name: Li, Feng
name: Yang, Shujuan
name: Zhan, Yongzhi
name: Yao, Jiannan
name: Mu, Dongmei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 5
A model for individual choice in a social context
Creators: name: Reimer, William Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this paper a model for choice making behavior is developed. It includes two independent variables; the relevance of a stimulus and the openness of channels, and one dependent variable; the liklihood of an act occurring along a channel. The model is presented in a set-theoretical format with appropriate representational conditions for measurement. Two examples are given for the model. One is the application of the model to the choice making behavior of high school students and the latter is its application to verbal interaction in a small group. The latter example is used for a test of the model, and it consequently includes the necessary operationalizations and measures for this test. The results indicate some support for the structure proposed and when the predictions are compared with an alternative model there seems to be little difference in accuracy. Suggestions are then made for future research which may be made on the model.
Astrophage of neutron stars from supersymmetric dark matter Q-balls
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge-mediated model of supersymmetry breaking implies that stable non-topological solitons, Q-balls, could form in the early universe and comprise the dark matter. It is shown that the inclusion of the effects from gravity-mediation set an upper limit on the size of Q-balls. When in a dense baryonic environment Q-balls grow until reaching this limiting size at which point they fragment into two equal-sized Q-balls. This Q-splitting process will rapidly destroy a neutron star that absorbs even one Q-ball. The new limits on Q-ball dark matter require an ultralight gravitino m_3/2 < keV, naturally avoiding the gravitino overclosure problem, and providing the MSSM with a dark matter candidate where gravitino dark matter is not viable.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, Published in Phys. Rev. D. Rapid Communications
Additional file 1 of Determinants of growth monitoring and promotion service utilization among children 0–23 months of age in northern Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study
Creators: name: Dagne, Samuel
name: Aliyu, Jemal
name: Menber, Yonatan
name: Wassihun, Yosef
name: Petrucka, Pammla
name: Fentahun, Netsanet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire_ English version.
Aus Zwei mach wieder Drei:technologische Untersuchung und digitale Rekonstruktion des gefassten Stuckreliefs „Die Anbetung der Könige“ im Augustinermuseum Freiburg
Creators: name: Hunziker, Salome Larina
Publisher: name: HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen
Year: 2020
Subjects: Conservation science

description: Das Augustinermuseum Freiburg präsentiert in seiner Schausammlung ein vom Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts stammendes gefasstes Stuckrelief, das die Anbetung des Jesuskindes durch die Heiligen Könige zeigt. Im Verlauf der Objektgeschichte ging jedoch der im Vordergrund mittig kniende König verloren. Bei der Schließung der Lücke wurde auf die Darstellung des fehlenden Königs verzichtet und stattdessen eine Ergänzung formfolgend an die Umgebung angepasst. Im Rahmen dieser Thesis soll es neben der kunsttechnologischen Untersuchung des Reliefs auch um die Rekonstruktion der Objektgeschichte gehen. Mittels Computertomografie und 3D-Digitalisierungsverfahren werden das Relief dokumentiert und auf Basis der erfassten Daten die kunsttechnologische Untersuchung ergänzt sowie die Herstellungstechnik und die Geschichte des Reliefs nachvollziehbar gemacht. Am Beispiel dieses Projektes werden ethische Grundsätze zum Thema digitale Rekonstruktion vorgestellt. Anhand dieser Grundsätze werden Handlungskriterien festgelegt und im digitalen 3D-Modell sowohl die heute sichtbaren Ergänzungen entfernt als auch der dritte König nach einer historischen Aufnahme eines Vergleichsobjekts digital rekonstruiert. | The Augustinermuseum Freiburg presents in its collection a polychrome stucco relief dating from the end of the 15th century, which shows the adoration of the Child Jesus by the Holy Kings. In the course of the history of the object, however, the king kneeling in the center in the foreground has been lost. When the gap has been closed, the missing king has not been depicted, but instead a complement has been added to the surroundings in accordance with its form. In the context of this thesis, in addition to the art-technological investigation of the relief, the reconstruction of the history of the object should also be dealt with. By means of computer tomography and 3D-digitization procedures the relief will be documented, and on the basis of the collected data the art-technological investigation will be completed, as well as the manufacturing technique and the history of the relief will be made comprehensible. Using the example of this project, ethical principles regarding digital reconstruction will be presented. On the basis of these principles, criteria for action will be defined and in the digital 3D model both the currently visible additions will be removed and the third king will be digitally reconstructed after a historical photograph of an object of comparison.
The quantum of area $ΔA = 8πl_P^{2}$ and a statistical interpretation of black hole entropy
Creators: name: Ropotenko, Kostiantyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to alternative values, the quantum of area $ΔA = 8πl_P^{2}$ does not follow from the usual statistical interpretation of black hole entropy; on the contrary, a statistical interpretation follows from it. This interpretation is based on the two concepts: nonadditivity of black hole entropy and Landau quantization. Using nonadditivity a microcanonical distribution for a black hole is found and it is shown that the statistical weight of black hole should be proportional to its area. By analogy with conventional Landau quantization, it is shown that quantization of black hole is nothing but the Landau quantization. The Landau levels of black hole and their degeneracy are found. The degree of degeneracy is equal to the number of ways to distribute a patch of area $8πl_P^{2}$ over the horizon. Taking into account these results, it is argued that the black hole entropy should be of the form $S_{bh} =2π\cdotΔΓ$, where the number of microstates is $ΔΓ= A/8πl_P^{2}$. The nature of the degrees of freedom responsible for black hole entropy is elucidated. The applications of the new interpretation are presented. The effect of noncommuting coordinates is discussed.
description: 12 pages, revtex, no figures; v.3, revised and enlarged; Sec. III "Quantization of black hole as Landau quantization" added; references added; conclusions changed in some points
Additional file 4 of Reflection on the teaching of student-centred formative assessment in medical curricula: an investigation from the perspective of medical students
Creators: name: Ma, Tianjiao
name: Li, Yin
name: Yuan, Hua
name: Li, Feng
name: Yang, Shujuan
name: Zhan, Yongzhi
name: Yao, Jiannan
name: Mu, Dongmei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 4
Additional file 1 of Decellularized versus cryopreserved pulmonary allografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during the Ross procedure: a meta-analysis of short- and long-term outcomes
Creators: name: Ahmed, Adham
name: Ahmed, Sarah
name: Varghese, Kathryn S.
name: Mathew, Dave M.
name: Pandey, Roshan
name: Rogando, Dillon O.
name: Salazar, Stephanie A.
name: Fusco, Peter J.
name: Levy, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental material including figures S1–S4 and tables S1–S5.
Brachistochrones With Loose Ends
Creators: name: Mertens, Stephan
name: Mingramm, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical problem of the brachistochrone asks for the curve down which a body sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in least time. In undergraduate courses on classical mechanics, the solution of this problem is the primary example of the power of the variational calculus. Here we address the generalized brachistochrone problem that asks for the fastest sliding curve between a point and a given curve or between two given curves. The generalized problem can be solved by considering variations with varying endpoints. We will contrast the formal solution with a much simpler solution based on symmetry and kinematic reasoning. Our exposition should encourage teachers to include variational problems with free boundary conditions in their courses and students to try simple, intuitive solutions first.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Reflection on the teaching of student-centred formative assessment in medical curricula: an investigation from the perspective of medical students
Creators: name: Ma, Tianjiao
name: Li, Yin
name: Yuan, Hua
name: Li, Feng
name: Yang, Shujuan
name: Zhan, Yongzhi
name: Yao, Jiannan
name: Mu, Dongmei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Excited State Nucleon Spectrum with Two Flavors of Dynamical Fermions
Creators: name: Bulava, John M.
name: Edwards, Robert G.
name: Engelson, Eric
name: Foley, Justin
name: Joó, Bálint
name: Lichtl, Adam
name: Lin, Huey-Wen
name: Mathur, Nilmani
name: Morningstar, Colin
name: Richards, David G.
name: Wallace, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly excited states for isospin 1/2 baryons are calculated for the first time using lattice QCD with two flavors of dynamical quarks. Anisotropic lattices are used with two pion masses: 416(36) MeV and 578(29) MeV. The lowest four energies are reported in each of the six irreducible representations of the octahedral group at each pion mass. The lattices used have dimensions 24^3x64, spatial lattice spacing a_s = 0.11 fm and temporal lattice spacing a_t = 1/3 a_s. Clear evidence is found for a 5/2^-state in the pattern of negative-parity excited states. This agrees with the pattern of physical states and spin 5/2 has been realized for the first time on the lattice.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of Comparative methylation and RNA-seq expression analysis in CpG context to identify genes involved in Backfat vs. Liver diversification in Nanchukmacdon Pig
Creators: name: Arora, Devender
name: Park, Jong-Eun
name: Lim, Dajeong
name: Choi, Bong-Hwan
name: Cho, In-Cheol
name: Srikanth, Krishnamoorthy
name: Kim, Jaebum
name: Park, Woncheoul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1. Comparative methylation pattern of identified genes using SeqMonk.