cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pd@magnetic Carbon Dot Immobilized on the Cyclodextrin Nanosponges - Biochar Hybrid as an Efficient Hydrogenation Catalyst
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Samahe Sadjadi
name: Mohammadi, Leila
name: Malmir, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 39903 Industrial Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30299 Inorganic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry

description: ith the aim of benefiting from the advantage of magnetic catalysts, chemistry of cyclodextrin, i. e. the capability of formation of inclusion complex and acting as phase transferring agent, as well as biochars as biocompatible, cost-effective and efficient catalyst support, for the first time a ternary hybrid system composed of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS), palladated magnetic carbon quantum dot (Pd@CQDs@Fe) and Bell-pepper-derived biochar (Biochar) was designed and prepared through functionalization of CDNS and Biochar and their covalent conjugation followed by immobilization of Pd@CQDs@Fe. The hybrid system was characterized and then applied as a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for promoting hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The results confirmed high catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability of the catalyst (up to ten reaction runs) as well as low Pd leaching. Comparing the catalytic activity of the catalyst with some control samples, the contribution of CDNS, Biochar and CQDs@Fe to the catalysis was confirmed
Cerebrovascular Disease and Patterns of Cerebral Oxygenation During Sleep in Elders
Creators: name: Carlson, John R.
name: Carlson, Barbara Waag
name: Neelon, Virginia J.
name: Dogra, Sunil
name: Hartman, Marilyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The aim of this descriptive exploratory study was to describe patterns of cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep and their association with cerebrovascular risk factors in elders.
Analyzing and controlling large nanosystems with physics-trained neural networks
Creators: name: Stielow, Thomas Gerhard Heinrich
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 530 Physics

description: In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Neuronale Netze genutzt werden können, um die Auswertung von Experimenten durch Minimierung des Simulationsaufwandes beschleunigen zu können. Für die Rekonstruktion von Silber-Nanoclustern aus Einzelschuss-Weitwinkel-Streubildern können diese bereits aus kleinen Datenätzen allgemeine Rekonstruktionsregeln ableiten und ermöglichen durch direktes Training auf der Streuphysik unerreichte Detailtiefen. Für Giant-Dipole-Zustände von Rydbergexzitonen in Kupferoxydul wird mittels Deep Reinforcement Learning ein Anregungsschema aus Simulationen hergeleitet.
แนวทางการแก้ไขปรับปรุงและจัดทำร่างประกาศ ข้อบังคับ และหลักเกณฑ์การอนุญาตและกำกับดูแลการประกอบกิจการกระจายเสียงและกิจการโทรทัศน์
Creators: name: สุพัตรา แผนวิชิต
Publisher: name: วารสารสหวิทยาการวิจัย: ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา
Year: 2022
Subjects: กิจการกระจายเสียง
กิจการโทรทัศน์
การกำกับดูแล

description: วารสารสหวิทยาการวิจัย: ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา, 11, 2, 263-272
The Potential Role of a Self-Management Intervention for Ulcerative Colitis: A Brief Report From the Ulcerative Colitis Hypnotherapy Trial
Creators: name: Kiebles, Jennifer L.
name: Barrett, Terrence A.
name: Palsson, Olafur
name: Taft, Tiffany H.
name: Keefer, Laurie
name: Martinovich, Zoran
name: Kwiatek, Monika A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent ulcerative colitis (UC). To date, 43 participants have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. Aim 1 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in UC. This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative IBD sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (~20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. Aim 2 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group × time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for IBD self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for IBD.
Tunable giant exchange bias in single-phase rare earth-transition metal intermetallics YMn12-xFex with highly homogenous inter-sublattice exchange coupling
Creators: name: Xia, Yuanhua
name: Wu, Rui
name: Liu, Shunquan
name: Du, Honglin
name: Han, Jingzhi
name: Wang, Changsheng
name: Chen, Xiping
name: Xie, Lei
name: Yang, Y. C.
name: Yang, Jinbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have found a family of intermetallic compounds YMn12-xFex (x = 6.6-8.8) showing a bulk form of tunable giant exchange bias effect which arises from global interactions among ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) sublattices but not the interfacial exchange coupling or inhomogeneous magnetic clusters. A giant exchange bias with a loop shift up to 6.1 kOe has been observed in YMn4.4Fe7.6 compound with the strongest competing magnetic interactions. In a narrow temperature range, the exchange bias field shows a sudden switching off whereas the coercivity shows a sudden switching on with increasing temperature. This unique feature indicates that the inter-sublattice exchange coupling is highly homogenous, which can be perfectly interperated by our theoretical calculations.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Theory of electrolyte solutions in a slit charged pore: effects of structural interactions and specific adsorption of ions
Creators: name: Vasileva, Victoria A.
name: Mazur, Daria A.
name: Budkov, Yury A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a continuation of our research on modeling electrolyte solutions within charged slit pores. We make use of the model developed by Blossey et al., which takes into account the structural interactions between ions through a bilinear form over the gradients of local ionic concentrations in the grand thermodynamic potential, as well as their steric interactions through the lattice gas model. The structural interactions may describe effects of the molecular structure of ions at a phenomenological level. For example, these effects include steric effects due to non-spherical shapes of ions, their conformation lability, and solvent effects. In addition, we explore their specific interactions with the pore walls by incorporating external attractive potentials. Our primary focus is on observing the behavior of ionic concentration profiles and the disjoining pressure as the pore width changes. By starting with the local mechanical equilibrium condition, we derive a general expression for the disjoining pressure. Our findings indicate that considering the structural interactions of ions leads to a pronounced minimum on the disjoining pressure profiles at small pore widths. We attribute this minimum to the formation of electric double layers on the electrified surfaces of the pore. Additionally, our results demonstrate that inclusion of the attractive interactions of ions with the pore walls enhances this minimum and shifts it to smaller pore thicknesses. Our theoretical discoveries may be useful for those involved in supercapacitor electrochemical engineering, particularly when working with porous electrodes that have been infused with concentrated electrolyte solutions.
description: Submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Samahe Sadjadi
name: Mohammadi, Leila
name: Malmir, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 39903 Industrial Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30299 Inorganic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry

description: ith the aim of benefiting from the advantage of magnetic catalysts, chemistry of cyclodextrin, i. e. the capability of formation of inclusion complex and acting as phase transferring agent, as well as biochars as biocompatible, cost-effective and efficient catalyst support, for the first time a ternary hybrid system composed of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS), palladated magnetic carbon quantum dot (Pd@CQDs@Fe) and Bell-pepper-derived biochar (Biochar) was designed and prepared through functionalization of CDNS and Biochar and their covalent conjugation followed by immobilization of Pd@CQDs@Fe. The hybrid system was characterized and then applied as a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for promoting hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The results confirmed high catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability of the catalyst (up to ten reaction runs) as well as low Pd leaching. Comparing the catalytic activity of the catalyst with some control samples, the contribution of CDNS, Biochar and CQDs@Fe to the catalysis was confirmed
null response of selected genera within the Stichococcaceae to desiccation and saline stress, with respect to their taxonomy
Creators: name: Van, Anh Tu
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 570 Life science
subject: 580 Botanical sciences

description: The utility of chemotaxonomic identification with compatible solute expression in the Stichococcaceae was investigated. Strains were put under abiotic stress to connect their taxonomy to their ecophysiology. Innate resistance to salinity and desiccation stress were independent of one another. Halotolerance varied more between strains than drought tolerance. Pseudostichococcus MOEWUS, 1951had higher stress tolerance than strains of the other genera. This work examined the effects of these two abiotic stress factors on the Stichococcaceae and connects their ecophysiology to their taxonomy.
Complex conformal transformations and zero-rest-mass fields
Creators: name: Araneda, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a simple prescription for relating different solutions to the zero-rest-mass field equations in conformally flat space-time via complex conformal transformations and changes in reality conditions. We give several examples including linearized black holes. In particular, we show that the linearized Plebanski-Demianski and Schwarzschild fields are related by a complex translation and a complex special conformal transformation. Similar results hold for the linearized Kerr and C-metric fields, and for a peculiar toroidal singularity.
description: 16 pages
Purine biosynthesis in archaea: variations on a theme
Creators: name: Sarisky, Catherine A.
name: Hoopes, Samantha L.
name: Brown, Anne M.
name: White, Robert H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundThe ability to perform de novo biosynthesis of purines is present in organisms in all three domains of life, reflecting the essentiality of these molecules to life. Although the pathway is quite similar in eukaryotes and bacteria, the archaeal pathway is more variable. A careful manual curation of genes in this pathway demonstrates the value of manual curation in archaea, even in pathways that have been well-studied in other domains.ResultsWe searched the Integrated Microbial Genome system (IMG) for the 17 distinct genes involved in the 11 steps of de novo purine biosynthesis in 65 sequenced archaea, finding 738 predicted proteins with sequence similarity to known purine biosynthesis enzymes. Each sequence was manually inspected for the presence of active site residues and other residues known or suspected to be required for function.Many apparently purine-biosynthesizing archaea lack evidence for a single enzyme, either glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase or inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase, suggesting that there are at least two more gene variants in the purine biosynthetic pathway to discover. Variations in domain arrangement of formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthetase and substantial problems in aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase assignments were also identified.Manual curation revealed some overly specific annotations in the IMG gene product name, with predicted proteins without essential active site residues assigned product names implying enzymatic activity (21 proteins, 2.8% of proteins inspected) or Enzyme Commission (E. C.) numbers (57 proteins, 7.7%). There were also 57 proteins (7.7%) assigned overly generic names and 78 proteins (10.6%) without E.C. numbers as part of the assigned name when a specific enzyme name and E. C. number were well-justified.ConclusionsThe patchy distribution of purine biosynthetic genes in archaea is consistent with a pathway that has been shaped by horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and gene loss. Our results indicate that manual curation can improve upon automated annotation for a small number of automatically-annotated proteins and can reveal a need to identify further pathway components even in well-studied pathways.ReviewersThis article was reviewed by Dr. Céline Brochier-Armanet, Dr Kira S Makarova (nominated by Dr. Eugene Koonin), and Dr. Michael Galperin.
Signaller: receiver coordination and the timing of communication in Amazonian birds
Creators: name: Luther, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The efficacy of communication relies on the detection of signals against background noise. Some species are known to alter the timing of vocalizations to avoid acoustic interference from similar signals of other species, but nothing is known about the possibility of coordinated adjustments in the timing of receivers' attention. I examined the possibility that co-occurring species might respond as well as vocalize at different times in a diverse tropical avifauna by presenting playbacks of recordings to territorial birds at typical and atypical times for singing during the dawn chorus. The results show that co-occurring species of birds in a diverse avifauna partition the timing of both production and response in a way that would reduce acoustic interference between species.
Zur Beherrschung von Stoßstromereignissen bei Fehlerfällen in Submodulen von Modularen Mehrpunktumrichtern
Creators: name: Junghans, Christoph Friedrich
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 621.3 Electrical Engineering, Electronics

description: Der Kurzschluss des Zwischenkreises eines MMC-Submoduls führt im Fehlerfall zu Stoßströmen und Explosionen von Halbleitern, welche sich durch Zusatzbeschaltungen abmildern lassen. Neben Hochgeschwindigkeitssicherungen eignet sich der RL-Transformator zur Stoßstromreduktion. Für den Explosionsschutz von Halbleitermodulen dienen aktive Zusatzbeschaltungen, deren Beurteilung wird durch das Explosionsintegral XI verbessert. Die Verbindung aus RL-Transformator und Nebenschlussthyristor kombiniert den Explosionsschutz für Halbleitermodule mit der Reduktion des Stoßstroms im Zwischenkreis.
Production and perception of communicatory signals in a noisy environment
Creators: name: Wiley, R. Haven
name: Luther, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Many animals communicate in situations that make it difficult to discriminate a species' signals from those of others. Consequently, coexisting species usually have signals that differ by more than the minimum required to prevent overlap in acoustic features. These gaps between signals might facilitate detection and discrimination of degraded signals in noisy natural conditions. If so, perception of signals should have broader scope than production. We investigated this possibility by studying song production and perception of two species of birds in an especially noisy environment, the Amazonian dawn chorus. With software developed for this study, we digitally synthesized songs of two species, as well as intermediate versions of their songs. Experimental playbacks of these synthesized songs to individuals of both species confirmed that perception (as indicated by responses) was broader than production of songs. We propose that broader perception than production of song promotes communication in noisy situations and limits the similarity between signals of coexisting species.
Rough cubic Pythagorean fuzzy sets in semigroup
Creators: name: Chinnadurai, V.
name: Arulselvam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E72, 20M12, 08A72, 20M05, 34C41

description: In this paper, we intend the concept of rough cubic Pythagorean fuzzy ideals in the semigroup. By using this notion, we discuss lower approximation and upper approximation of cubic Pythagorean fuzzy left (right) ideals, bi-ideals, interior ideals, and study some of their related properties in detail.
description: 12 Pages
Within-wingbeat damping: dynamics of continuous free-flight yaw turns in Manduca sexta
Creators: name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
name: Robinson, Alice K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Free-flight body dynamics and wing kinematics were collected from recordings of continuous, low-speed, multi-wingbeat yaw turns in hawkmoths (Manduca sexta) using stereo videography. These data were used to examine the effects of rotational damping arising from interactions between the body rotation and flapping motion (flapping counter-torque, FCT) on continuous turning. The moths were found to accelerate during downstroke, then decelerate during upstroke by an amount consistent with FCT damping. Wing kinematics related to turning were then analysed in a simulation of hawkmoth flight; results were consistent with the observed acceleration–deceleration pattern. However, an alternative wing kinematic which produced more continuous and less damped accelerations was found in the simulation. These findings demonstrate that (i) FCT damping is detectable in the dynamics of continuously turning animals and (ii) FCT-reducing kinematics do exist but were not employed by turning moths, possibly because within-wingbeat damping simplifies control of turning by allowing control systems to target angular velocity rather than acceleration.
Code used for the statistical analysis
Creators: name: Reynoso-Cruz, Eduardo
name: Salazar, Laura Teresa Hernandez
name: Nieto, Javier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Code of the statistical analysis used to measure the effect of the variables in our recognition experiment and the Kruskal-Wallis Test to measure how different are our data compared to chance level
Competition and the origins of novelty: experimental evolution of niche-width expansion in a virus
Creators: name: Pfennig, David W.
name: Bono, Lisa M.
name: Gensel, Catharine L.
name: Burch, Christina L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Competition for resources has long been viewed as a key agent of divergent selection. Theory holds that populations facing severe intraspecific competition will tend to use a wider range of resources, possibly even using entirely novel resources that are less in demand. Yet, there have been few experimental tests of these ideas. Using the bacterial virus (bacteriophage) ϕ6 as a model system, we examined whether competition for host resources promotes the evolution of novel resource use. In the laboratory, ϕ6 exhibits a narrow host range but readily produces mutants capable of infecting novel bacterial hosts. Here, we show that when ϕ6 populations were subjected to intense intraspecific competition for their standard laboratory host, they rapidly evolved new generalist morphs that infect novel hosts. Our results therefore suggest that competition for host resources may drive the evolution of host range expansion in viruses. More generally, our findings demonstrate that intraspecific resource competition can indeed promote the evolution of novel resource-use phenotypes.
Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACS-J0416.1-2403
Creators: name: Sebesta, Kevin
name: Williams, Liliya L. R.
name: Mohammed, Irshad
name: Saha, Prasenjit
name: Liesenborgs, Jori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconstruct the projected mass distribution of a massive merging Hubble Frontier Fields cluster MACSJ0416 using the genetic algorithm based free-form technique called Grale. The reconstructions are constrained by 149 lensed images identified by Jauzac et al. using HFF data. No information about cluster galaxies or light is used, which makes our reconstruction unique in this regard. Using visual inspection of the maps, as well as galaxy-mass correlation functions we conclude that overall light does follow mass. Furthermore, the fact that brighter galaxies are more strongly clustered with mass is an important confirmation of the standard biasing scenario in galaxy clusters. On the smallest scales, approximately less than a few arcseconds, the resolution afforded by 149 images is still not sufficient to confirm or rule out galaxy-mass offsets of the kind observed in ACO 3827. We also compare the mass maps of MACSJ0416 obtained by three different groups: Grale, and two parametric Lenstool reconstructions from the CATS and Sharon/Johnson teams. Overall, the three agree well; one interesting discrepancy between Grale and Lenstool galaxy-mass correlation functions occurs on scales of tens of kpc and may suggest that cluster galaxies are more biased tracers of mass than parametric methods generally assume.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Preparing an unsupervised massive analysis of SPHERE high contrast data with the PACO algorithm
Creators: name: Chomez, A.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Langlois, M.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Flasseur, O.
name: Dallant, J.
name: Philipot, F.
name: Bergeon, S.
name: Albert, D.
name: Meunier, N.
name: Rubini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim at searching for exoplanets on the whole ESO/VLT-SPHERE archive with improved and unsupervised data analysis algorithm that could allow to detect massive giant planets at 5 au. To prepare, test and optimize our approach, we gathered a sample of twenty four solar-type stars observed with SPHERE using angular and spectral differential imaging modes. We use PACO, a new generation algorithm recently developed, that has been shown to outperform classical methods. We also improve the SPHERE pre-reduction pipeline, and optimize the outputs of PACO to enhance the detection performance. We develop custom built spectral prior libraries to optimize the detection capability of the ASDI mode for both IRDIS and IFS. Compared to previous works conducted with more classical algorithms than PACO, the contrast limits we derived are more reliable and significantly better, especially at short angular separations where a gain by a factor ten is obtained between 0.2 and 0.5 arcsec. Under good observing conditions, planets down to 5 MJup, orbiting at 5 au could be detected around stars within 60 parsec. We identified two exoplanet candidates that require follow-up to test for common proper motion. In this work, we demonstrated on a small sample the benefits of PACO in terms of achievable contrast and of control of the confidence levels. Besides, we have developed custom tools to take full benefits of this algorithm and to quantity the total error budget on the estimated astrometry and photometry. This work paves the way towards an end-to-end, homogeneous, and unsupervised massive re-reduction of archival direct imaging surveys in the quest of new exoJupiters.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Quasar Quartet Embedded in Giant Nebula Reveals Rare Massive Structure in Distant Universe
Creators: name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Arrigoni-Battaia, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All galaxies once passed through a hyperluminous quasar phase powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole. But because these episodes are brief, quasars are rare objects typically separated by cosmological distances. In a survey for Lyman-alpha emission at redshift z ~ 2, we discovered a physical association of four quasars embedded in a giant nebula. Located within a substantial overdensity of galaxies, this system is probably the progenitor of a massive galaxy cluster. The chance probability of finding a quadruple quasar is estimated to be ~10^-7, implying a physical connection between Lyman-alpha nebulae and the locations of rare protoclusters. Our findings imply that the most massive structures in the distant universe have a tremendous supply (~ 10^11 solar masses) of cool dense (volume density ~1 cm^-3) gas, which is in conflict with current cosmological simulations.
description: accepted for publication in Science. Main text: 11 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Online Material: 52 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables
Exploiting Extensive-Form Structure in Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis
Creators: name: Konicki, Christine
name: Chakraborty, Mithun
name: Wellman, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) is a general framework for reasoning about complex games using agent-based simulation. Data from simulating select strategy profiles is employed to estimate a cogent and tractable game model approximating the underlying game. To date, EGTA methodology has focused on game models in normal form; though the simulations play out in sequential observations and decisions over time, the game model abstracts away this temporal structure. Richer models of \textit{extensive-form games} (EFGs) provide a means to capture temporal patterns in action and information, using tree representations. We propose \textit{tree-exploiting EGTA} (TE-EGTA), an approach to incorporate EFG models into EGTA\@. TE-EGTA constructs game models that express observations and temporal organization of activity, albeit at a coarser grain than the underlying agent-based simulation model. The idea is to exploit key structure while maintaining tractability. We establish theoretically and experimentally that exploiting even a little temporal structure can vastly reduce estimation error in strategy-profile payoffs compared to the normal-form model. Further, we explore the implications of EFG models for iterative approaches to EGTA, where strategy spaces are extended incrementally. Our experiments on several game instances demonstrate that TE-EGTA can also improve performance in the iterative setting, as measured by the quality of equilibrium approximation as the strategy spaces are expanded.
description: This paper has been slightly revised from the original version published at WINE 2022; to wit, the proof included in the appendices of our key theoretical result has been expanded
Förderung des Open Access Publizierens an der TU Hamburg 2018-2019 : Publikationsbeihilfen in Open Access Zeitschriften : Bericht an die DFG
Creators: name: Feldsien-Sudhaus, Inken
name: Hapke, Thomas
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Open Access Publishing
subject: Technische Universität Hamburg
classificationCode: 000
subject: Allgemeines, Wissenschaft
classificationCode: 370
subject: Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Abschlussbericht an die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) zur Förderung des Publizierens in Open Access an der TU Hamburg. Berichtszeitraum: 1.1.2018 bis 31.12.2019. Das durch die DFG geförderte Projekt lief insgesamt von 2014 bis 2019.
description: Final report to the German Research Foundation (DFG) on the promotion of publishing in Open Access at the Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH). Reporting period: January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The DFG-funded project ran from 2014 to 2019.
Covariance structure of parabolic stochastic partial differential equations with multiplicative Lévy noise
Creators: name: Kirchner, Kristin
name: Lang, Annika
name: Larsson, Stig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 35K90, 35R60

description: The characterization of the covariance function of the solution process to a stochastic partial differential equation is considered in the parabolic case with multiplicative Lévy noise of affine type. For the second moment of the mild solution, a well-posed deterministic space-time variational problem posed on projective and injective tensor product spaces is derived, which subsequently leads to a deterministic equation for the covariance function.
description: 28 pages
Pd(0) nanoparticles immobilized on multinitrogen functionalized halloysite for promoting Sonogashira reaction: studying the role of the number of surface nitrogens in catalytic performance
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Samahe Sadjadi
name: Baharak Masoumi
name: Kazemi, Shaghayegh Sadat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: 30405 Molecular Medicine
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: Halloysite nanoclay, Hal, was amine-functionalized and subsequently reacted with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, TCT, and ethylenediamine, EDA, to provide multinitrogen containing functionality on the surface of Hal. The resulting surface-modified Hal, Hal-2N-TCT-EDA, was then used for immobilization of Pd nanoparticles and affording a heterogeneous catalyst, Pd@Hal-2N-TCT-EDA, with utility for copper and ligand-free Sonogashira coupling of alkynes and aryl halides. The results established the efficiency of this protocol in terms of product yield, ecofriendly nature, and reaction time. Study of the reusability of the catalyst confirmed that the catalyst could be recovered and recycled up to seven times with slight loss of catalytic activity and Pd leaching, indicating the efficiency of Hal-2N-TCT-EDA for embedding Pd nanoparticles. To elucidate the role of the number of surface nitrogens on the catalytic performance, the catalytic activity, and recyclability of the catalyst was compared with those of Hal-2N and Hal-2N-TCT. It was found that more surface nitrogen atoms gave higher loading of Pd and lower Pd leaching. This result confirms the contribution of surface nitrogens to anchor the Pd species and suppress leaching.
Song in the cold is 'hot': memory of and preference for sexual signals perceived under thermal challenge
Creators: name: Sockman, Keith W.
name: Beaulieu, Michaël
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The environmental conditions under which signals are perceived can affect receiver responses. Many songbird populations produce a song chorus at dawn, when, in cold habitats, they would experience thermal challenge. We recorded temperature and the song activity of Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) on a high-elevation meadow, and determined that song behaviour is concentrated around the coldest time of the day, at dawn. We hypothesized that this is because male song in the cold is more attractive to females than song in the warm. To test this, we exposed laboratory-housed Lincoln's sparrow females to songs at 1°C and 16°C, which they naturally experience in the wild. Females spent 40 per cent more time close to the speaker during playback at 1°C than at 16°C. When tested at 16°C 1–2 days later, females biased their movement towards the speaker playing songs previously heard at 1°C over 16°C. Thus, female Lincoln's sparrows remembered and affiliated with songs they heard under thermal challenge, indicating that the thermal environment can affect the attractiveness of a sexual signal.
Near-Infrared Polarimetry of the GG Tauri A Binary System
Creators: name: Itoh, Yoichi
name: Oasa, Yumiko
name: Kudo, Tomoyuki
name: Kusakabe, Nobuhiko
name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Abe, Lyu
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Carson, Joseph C.
name: Egner, Sebastian
name: Feldt, Markus
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Hayano, Yutaka
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Hayashi, Saeko S.
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Ishii, Miki
name: Iye, Masanori
name: Janson, Markus
name: Kandori, Ryo
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Kuzuhara, Masayuki
name: Kwon, Jungmi
name: Matsuo, Taro
name: McElwain, Michael W.
name: Miyama, Shoken
name: Morino, Jun-Ichi
name: Moro-Martin, Amaya
name: Nishimura, Tetsuo
name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Serabyn, Eugene
name: Suenaga, Takuya
name: Suto, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
name: Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.
name: Takato, Naruhisa
name: Terada, Hiroshi
name: Thalmann, Christian
name: Tomono, Daigo
name: Turner, Edwin L.
name: Watanabe, Makoto
name: Wisniewski, John
name: Yamada, Toru
name: Mayama, Satoshi
name: Currie, Thayne
name: Takami, Hideki
name: Usuda, Tomonori
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high angular resolution near-infrared polarized-intensity image of the GG Tau A binary system was obtained with the Subaru Telescope. The image shows the circumbinary disk scattering the light from the central binary. The azimuthal profile of the polarized intensity of the circumbinary disk is roughly reproduced by a simple disk model with the Henyey-Greenstein function and the Rayleigh function, indicating small dust grains at the surface of the disk. Combined with a previous observation of the circumbinary disk, our image indicates that the gap structure in the circumbinary disk orbits anti-clockwise, while material in the disk orbit clockwise. We propose a shadow of material located between the central binary and the circumbinary disk. The separations and position angles of the stellar components of the binary in the past 20 years are consistent with the binary orbit with a = 33.4 AU and e = 0.34.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Modular invariance and the QCD angle
Creators: name: Feruglio, Ferruccio
name: Strumia, Alessandro
name: Titov, Arsenii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: String compactifications on an orbi-folded torus with complex structure give rise to chiral fermions, spontaneously broken CP, modular invariance. We show that this allows simple effective theories of flavour and CP where: i) the QCD angle vanishes; ii) the CKM phase is large; iii) quark and lepton masses and mixings can be reproduced up to order one coefficients. We implement such general paradigm in supersymmetry or supergravity, with modular forms or functions, with or without heavy colored states.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures, webinar presentation at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0Vs5ykY36Y. Final version to appear on JHEP with extended discussion on the solution in supergravity
Limiting Lorentz Violation from Neutron--Antineutron Oscillation
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that if neutron--antineutron oscillation is observed in a free neutron oscillation experiment, it will put an upper limit on the strengths of Lorentz invariance violating (LIV) mass operators for neutrons at the level of $10^{-23}$ GeV or so, which would be the most stringent LIV limit for neutrons. We also study constraints on $ΔB=2$ LIV operators and find that for one particular operator degaussing is not necessary to obtain a visible signal. We also note that observation of $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation signal in the nucleon decay search experiment involving nuclei does not lead to any limit on LIV operators since the nuclear potential difference between neutron and antineutrons will mask any Lorentz violating effect.
description: 11 pages; no figures; some comments added; references updated
Conservatism of lizard thermal tolerances and body temperatures across evolutionary history and geography
Creators: name: Grigg, Joseph W.
name: Buckley, Lauren B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Species may exhibit similar thermal tolerances via either common ancestry or environmental filtering and local adaptation, if the species inhabit similar environments. We ask whether upper and lower thermal limits (critical thermal maxima and minima) and body temperatures are more strongly conserved across evolutionary history or geography for lizard populations distributed globally. We find that critical thermal maxima are highly conserved with location accounting for a higher proportion of the variation than phylogeny. Notably, thermal tolerance breadth is conserved across the phylogeny despite critical thermal minima showing little niche conservatism. Body temperatures observed during activity in the field show the greatest degree of conservatism, with phylogeny accounting for most of the variation. This suggests that propensities for thermoregulatory behaviour, which can buffer body temperatures from environmental variation, are similar within lineages. Phylogeny and geography constrain thermal tolerances similarly within continents, but variably within clades. Conservatism of thermal tolerances across lineages suggests that the potential for local adaptation to alleviate the impacts of climate change on lizards may be limited.
Diet alters species recognition in juvenile toads
Creators: name: Burmeister, Sabrina S.
name: Pfennig, Karin S.
name: Rodriguez Moncalvo, Verónica G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Whether environmental effects during juvenile development can alter the ontogeny of adult mating behaviour remains largely unexplored. We evaluated the effect of diet on the early expression of conspecific recognition in spadefoot toads, Spea bombifrons. We found that juvenile toads display phonotaxis behaviour six weeks post-metamorphosis. However, preference for conspecifics versus heterospecifics emerged later and was diet dependent. Thus, the environment can affect the early development of species recognition in a way that might alter adult behaviour. Evaluating such effects is important for understanding variation in hybridization between species and the nature of species boundaries.
Contrast influences female attraction to performance-based sexual signals in a songbird
Creators: name: Beaulieu, Michaël
name: Lyons, Susan M.
name: Sockman, Keith W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Animals do not make decisions in a bubble but often refer to previous experience when discriminating between options. Contrast effects occur when the value of a stimulus affects the response to another value of the stimulus, and the changes in value and response are in the same direction. Although contrast effects appear irrational, they could benefit decision makers when there is spatial or temporal variation and autocorrelation in the value of stimuli that elicit decisions. Here, we examined whether contrasts influence female evaluation of male performance-based sexual signals. We exposed female Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) to one week of songs that we had experimentally reduced or elevated in performance, followed by a novel song of intermediate performance. We found that high-performance songs were more attractive to females than low-performance songs. Moreover, the intermediate songs were more attractive following exposure to low- than to high-performance songs. These results indicate that contrast can influence evaluation of performance-based sexual stimuli. By examining contrast effects in the ecologically relevant context of mate choice for performance, we can better understand both the adaptive value of comparative evaluation as well as the mechanisms that underlie variation in mate choice and sexual selection.
A Quantitative Solution to the Kondo Lattice Problem
Creators: name: Bretaña, Alex
name: Fayfar, Sean
name: Montfrooij, Wouter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic Kondo Lattice systems that have been prepared to exhibit a competition between ordering of magnetic moments and shielding of those moments by the conduction electrons down to absolute zero display unusual low-temperature responses. Here we show that the dominant response of such systems is caused by two quantum effects: zero-point motion of the ions, and the size of the system restricting the allowed wavelengths of fluctuations. This zero-point motion of the ions induces a broad distribution in Kondo shielding temperatures that renders the assumption of a uniform heavy-fermion ground state untenable. However, letting go of this assumption and instead incorporating these two quantum effects leads to percolation physics that quantitatively captures the non-Fermi liquid response in both stoichiometric and doped quantum critical compounds, allowing for a unified description of all quantum critical systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; submitted to PRB
Energy-Inspired Self-Supervised Pretraining for Vision Models
Creators: name: Wang, Ze
name: Wang, Jiang
name: Liu, Zicheng
name: Qiu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the fact that forward and backward passes of a deep network naturally form symmetric mappings between input and output representations, we introduce a simple yet effective self-supervised vision model pretraining framework inspired by energy-based models (EBMs). In the proposed framework, we model energy estimation and data restoration as the forward and backward passes of a single network without any auxiliary components, e.g., an extra decoder. For the forward pass, we fit a network to an energy function that assigns low energy scores to samples that belong to an unlabeled dataset, and high energy otherwise. For the backward pass, we restore data from corrupted versions iteratively using gradient-based optimization along the direction of energy minimization. In this way, we naturally fold the encoder-decoder architecture widely used in masked image modeling into the forward and backward passes of a single vision model. Thus, our framework now accepts a wide range of pretext tasks with different data corruption methods, and permits models to be pretrained from masked image modeling, patch sorting, and image restoration, including super-resolution, denoising, and colorization. We support our findings with extensive experiments, and show the proposed method delivers comparable and even better performance with remarkably fewer epochs of training compared to the state-of-the-art self-supervised vision model pretraining methods. Our findings shed light on further exploring self-supervised vision model pretraining and pretext tasks beyond masked image modeling.
Continual Learning with Scaled Gradient Projection
Creators: name: Saha, Gobinda
name: Roy, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In neural networks, continual learning results in gradient interference among sequential tasks, leading to catastrophic forgetting of old tasks while learning new ones. This issue is addressed in recent methods by storing the important gradient spaces for old tasks and updating the model orthogonally during new tasks. However, such restrictive orthogonal gradient updates hamper the learning capability of the new tasks resulting in sub-optimal performance. To improve new learning while minimizing forgetting, in this paper we propose a Scaled Gradient Projection (SGP) method, where we combine the orthogonal gradient projections with scaled gradient steps along the important gradient spaces for the past tasks. The degree of gradient scaling along these spaces depends on the importance of the bases spanning them. We propose an efficient method for computing and accumulating importance of these bases using the singular value decomposition of the input representations for each task. We conduct extensive experiments ranging from continual image classification to reinforcement learning tasks and report better performance with less training overhead than the state-of-the-art approaches.
description: Accepted at AAAI 2023