Penia smetanai Schimmel 1996
Creators: name: Arimoto, Kôichi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Penia
Penia smetanai

description: Penia smetanai Schimmel, 1996
(Figures 14, 15)
Penia smetanai Schimmel, 1996: 187 (original description; type locality: Taiwan, Taichung City, Heping District, Mt. Anma Shan); Schimmel, 2001: 221, 227 (comparison with the other species); Kundrata et al., 2018: 55 (catalogue).
Type material. Paratype. Male, Taiwan, Taichung City, Heping District, Mt. Anma Shan, 2225 m, 11–15 V 1992, A. Smetana leg. [BMNH; PSS01].
Male. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the following features: eyes 0.5 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view; antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI, surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres III distinctly longer than II; IV 1.5 x longer than III, almost as long as II – III combined; apical maxillary palpomere 2.8 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; pronotum roundly narrowed and distinctly constricted ahead of hind angles; posterior edge of pronotum with a sublateral incision near each hind angle; hind angles of pronotum acute, strongly protruding posterolaterad; hypomeron with slight mesial projection; anterior angle of hypomeron rounded; hind angle of hypomeron claw-like shaped; scutellar shield almost as long as wide; mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view; posterior edge of mesosternal process less than 0.1 x wider than total width of mesosternum; elytron 4.7 x longer than wide, 4.4 x longer than pronotum length; abdominal ventrite V semicircular but slightly incurved laterally ahead of apex, rounded apically; phallobase almost as long as wide; apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions bullet-like shaped; apex length 2.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side.
In Taiwan, three species with elongate bodies are known: P. alishanensis, P. elongata, and P. smetanai. Their elytra are more than 4× longer than their widths. They are separated from the other species, whose elytra are less than 4× longer than their widths.
Penia smetanai is more similar to P. alishanensis in the relative length of the basal antennomeres and the development of the mesosternal process between mesocoxae, but is distinguished from P. alishanensis by the following contrasting characters (P. alishanensis in parentheses): apical maxillary palpomere 2.8 x longer than wide (apical maxillary palpomere 2.3 x longer than wide); hypomeron with slight mesial projection (hypomeron with distinct mesial projection); anterior angle of hypomeron rounded (anterior angle of hypomeron biangular); scutellar shield almost as long as wide (scutellar shield 1.2 x longer than wide); abdominal ventrite V semicircular but slightly incurved laterally ahead of apex (abdominal ventrite V curved triangular); apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions bullet-like shaped (apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions elongated fan-shaped); apex length 2.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side (apex length 2.7 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side).
Penia smetanai is distinguished from P. elongata by many characters (P. elongata in parentheses): antennomeres III distinctly longer than II (antennomeres II and III similar, short); antennomeres IV 1.5 x longer than III, almost as long as II – III combined (antennomeres IV 3.3 x longer than III, 1.8 x longer than II – III combined); apical maxillary palpomere 2.8 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye (apical maxillary palpomere 3.7 x longer than wide, longer than maximum eye length); posterior edge of pronotum with sublateral incisions (posterior edge of pronotum without sublateral incisions); hypomeron with slight mesial projection (hypomeron without mesial projection); anterior angle of hypomeron rounded (anterior angle of hypomeron biangular); hind angle of hypomeron claw-like shaped (hind angle of hypomeron narrowly triangular); abdominal ventrite V semicircular (abdominal ventrite V trapezoidal); apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions bullet-like shaped (apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions blade-like shaped); apex length 2.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side (apex length 1.8–1.9 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side).
Measurements. BL: 10.5, BW: 3.42, MAE: 1.46, MBE: 0.72, OI: 203, PL: 1.86, PML: 1.53, PW: 2.45, PAW: 1.51, PLI: 75.8, PWI: 162, EL: 8.12, EW: 1.73, EI: 471, BI: 438.
Redescription. Body elongated, widest behind elytral midlength (Fig. 14A); surface surface generally smooth but prothorax and abdomen with microstructures; interspaces between punctures distinctly larger than fine puncture diameter (Fig. 14A, B). Color. Body, antennae and legs brown. Lateral margins of pronotum and elytra, external margins of hypomeron and prosternum, and posterior margin of abdominal ventrite V yellowish. External edges of mandible and pronotum, posterior edge of prosternum, outer and posterior edges of hypomera, and anterior edges of scutellum and elytra blackish. Body covered with long yellow setae.
Head. Frons flatted medially (Fig. 14C, D); frontal carina not complete (Fig. 14C); frontal margin rectangular, nearly straight apically but weakly protruding medially in dorsal view (Fig. 14D); frontoclypeal region protruding beyond base of labrum. Eyes protuberant, 0.5 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view (Fig. 14D). Antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI, surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres longer than wide; II obconical, shortest, 1.1 x longer than wide; III weakly serrated, 2.2 x longer than wide, 2.4 x longer than II; IV weakly serrated, 3.3 x longer than wide, 1.5 x longer than III, almost as long as II–III combined (Fig. 14E); V–XI filiform; V 3.7 x longer than wide, almost as long as x longer than IV; XI 7.9 x longer than wide, 1.2 x longer than X. Mandible bidentate (Fig. 14C). Apical maxillary palpomere elongated securiform (Fig. 14F), 2.8 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; anterior edge rounded.
Prothorax. Pronotum hexagonal, 0.8 x longer than wide, roundly widening anteriorly and then roundly narrowed, distinctly constricted ahead of hind angles (Fig. 14A), widest across posterior lateral apices, tallest behind midlength (Fig. 14G), without median longitudinal depression posteriorlyn; anterior edge weakly concave; anterior angles simple, nearly right angle; punctate lateral ridge extending from anterior angles to hind angles (Fig. 14A); hind angles simple, acute, strongly protruding posterolaterad; posterior edge with a moderate sublateral incision near each hind angle, without carinae next to sublateral incisions (Fig. 14A). Hypomeron with slight mesial projection (Fig. 14H: arrow); anterior angle rounded; mesial edge weakly sinuate; mesial and posterior margins with impunctate ridge (Fig. 14H); posterior margin with triangular projection between two large emarginations; hind angle claw-like shaped. Prosternum strongly incurved ventrally in lateral view; anterior lobe distinctly protruding beyond prosternal ventral line in lateral view (Fig. 14G); anterior edge rounded in ventral view (Fig. 14B). Prosternal process slender, 1.9 x longer than procoxal cavity length, concave between procoxae, strongly curved dorsad from middle of procoxal cavities in lateral view (Fig. 14G), without subapical tooth; dorsal lobe slightly roundly expanded anterior to apex in ventral view (Fig. 14I); ventral lobe weakly roundly expanded near base and then abruptly narrowed posterad in ventral view (Fig. 14I); ventral margin almost straight but slightly expanded medially in lateral view (Fig. 14G); apex rounded in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 14G, I). Pronotosternal sutures not grooved (Fig. 14H), straight anteriorly and curved posteriorly in ventral view (Fig. 14B), slightly opened anteriorly. Scutellar shield tongue-shaped (Fig. 14J), almost as long as wide, widest anteriorly, weakly constricted anteriorly, almost parallel-sided and then narrowed posteriad, flat, inclined anterior-downwards, not visible in lateral view (Fig. 14G); anterior margin triangular; posterior edge rounded. Mesosternum: borders of mesosternal cavity straight anteriorly and then obtusely curved in lateral view (Fig. 14G); mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view (Fig. 14G); posterior edge less than 0.1 x wider than total width of mesosternum, emarginate (Fig. 14K). Mesepisternum reaching mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 14K). Metasternum sulcate medially and anterior to metacoxal cavities (Fig. 14B). Metacoxal plate narrowed toward outer side, becoming like a parallel-sided bar at its outer 7/ 10 in ventral view (Fig. 14B). Elytron convex but flat in median area, with outer margin narrowly depressed, widest behind middle, 4.7 x longer than wide, 4.4 x longer than pronotum length; apex rounded; elytral striae defined by lines of elongated punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Tibiae with paired spurs; relative tarsomere lengths: IV<III II<V<I; tarsomeres III and IV with lobe ventrally (Fig. 14L).
Abdomen. Ventrite V semicircular but slightly incurved laterally anterior to apex, rounded apically (Fig. 14B), 0.6 x longer than wide. Tergites and sternites VIII‒X yellow. Tergite VIII trapezoidal, 0.85 x longer than wide, narrowed posteriad, weakly incurved laterally anterior to posterior lateral apices; posterior edge emarginate (Fig. 15A). Sternite VIII posteriorly widely concave between two projections (Fig. 15B); posterior lateral angle weakly protruding posterad. Tergite IX 1.3 x longer than wide; median notch 1/3 x total length of tergite IX (Fig. 15C). Tergite X longer than wide, rounded apically (Fig. 15C). Sternite IX 3.45 x longer than wide, constricted anterior to midlength (Fig. 15D), rounded apically. Aedeagus yellow (Fig. 15E, F). Phallobase 0.2 x total length of aedeagus, almost as long as wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/20; basal struts 0.2 x total length of median lobe. Parameres elongtae, not fused ventrally (Fig. 15F); preapical expansions projecting anterolaterad (Fig. 15G); apex beyond preapical expansions bullet-like shaped (Fig. 15G), rounded apically, with a seta dorsally, with two or four setae ventrally; apex length 2.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side.
Distribution. Taiwan: Taichung City (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Arimoto, Kôichi, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan, pp. 301-335 in Zootaxa 5375 (3) on pages 321-325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10200036