cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Different Modes of Star Formation II: Gas Accretion Phase of Initially Subcritical Star-Forming Clouds
Creators: name: Machida, Masahiro N.
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accretion phase of star formation is investigated in magnetically-dominated clouds that have an initial subcritical mass-to-flux ratio. We employ nonideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations that include ambipolar diffusion and ohmic dissipation. During the early prestellar phase the mass-to-flux ratio rises toward the critical value for collapse, and during this time the angular momentum of the cloud core is reduced significantly by magnetic braking. Once a protostar is formed in the core, the accretion phase is characterized by the presence of a small amount of angular momentum but a large amount of magnetic flux in the near-protostellar environment. The low angular momentum leads to a very small (or even nonexistent) disk and weak outflow, while the large magnetic flux can lead to an interchange instability that rapidly removes flux from the central region. The effective magnetic braking in the early collapse phase can even lead to a counter-rotating disk and outflow, in which the rotation direction of the disk and outflow is opposite to that of the infalling envelope. The solutions with a counter-rotating disk, tiny disk, or nonexistent disk (direct collapse) are unique outcomes that are realized in collapse from magnetically-dominated clouds with an initial subcritical mass-to-flux ratio.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
KOF Analysen 2010, Nr. 1, Frühjahr
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2010
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2010 (1)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
Stochastic Floquet quantum heat engines and stochastic efficiencies
Creators: name: Liu, Fei
name: Su, Shanhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the notion of quantum trajectory, we present a stochastic theoretical framework for Floquet quantum heat engines. As an application, the large deviation functions of two types of stochastic efficiencies for a two-level Floquet quantum heat engine are investigated. We find that the statistics of one efficiency agree well with the predictions of the universal theory of efficiency fluctuations developed by Verley et al. [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 90}, 052145 (2014)], whereas the statistics of the other efficiency do not. The reason for this discrepancy is attributed to the lack of fluctuation theorems for the latter type of efficiency.
description: 3 figures
Decision-making discourse processes of international students through e-commerce as exemplified by eBay
Creators: name: Munn, Susan Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Choice (decision-making) discourse processes are central to education and to collaborative critical thinking, and can be analyzed using a Systemic Functional Linguistics and a Knowledge Structures perspective. While their analysis has been relatively neglected, they are an important aspect of discourse development and second language learning. EBay is one of many recent developments in computer-mediated, multimodal (mulitiliteracies) software. Like many, it uses English as a medium of international communication. As software for online bidding and shopping, it would seem likely to require choice discourse processes when used collaboratively by two or more users. This thesis examined discourse by pairs of international students using eBay collaboratively. It asked: "When students use eBay, do they engage in episodes of choice more than they do during casual conversation?" and "Did their eBay interactions show expected linguistic features of choice discourse more frequently than their casual conversations?" Results of this exploratory study throws light on the nature and analysis of choice discourse processes, language features and the value of computer software like eBay for developing the discourse of choice. The findings of the study demonstrated that eBay had a relatively high use of choice discourse. Interactive simulated shopping online allowed the students to use their multiliteracies and critical thinking skills which in turn would assist them in integrating into their chosen professional or academic community more independently.
title: Das große Bauherrenmodell im Kontext der neuen Steuergesetzgebung seit 2012 und negativer Realzinsen
Creators: name: Grill, Nicolas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Immobilien
subject: Immobilienpreise
subject: Steuer
subject: Zinsen
subject: Wohnen
subject: Stabilitätsgesetz

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, die Effizienz von Bauherrenmodellen aus steuerlicher Sicht und als Mittel zum Vermögensaufbau im Kontext der steuerrechtlichen Änderungen der letzten Jahre, sowie dem aktuellen Zinsumfeld mit negativen Realzinsen zu beleuchten. Die Begriffe des Bauherrenmodells werden erläutert. Die relevanten steuergesetzlichen Änderungen seit dem Jahr 2012 werden detailliert dargestellt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung von Zinssätzen, Kosten für Hypothekendarlehen, Inflation, Immobilienpreisen und Mietpreisen für Wohnimmobilien gegeben. Die Investitionsmöglichkeiten in Anlageimmobilien werden jenen in sichere Finanzanlagen wie Staatsanleihen im Zeitablauf gegenübergestellt. Der Vergleich erfolgt auf Basis der Mietrendite mit der Kuponrendite aus Anleihen oder Sparguthaben ohne Berücksichtigung von Wertzuwächsen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Mietrendite aus Wohnimmobilien in Wien im Jahr 2016 im Vergleich mit Staatsanleihen attraktiver ist, als dies im Jahr 2008 der Fall war. Immobilien sind daher auf Basis der Mietrenditen angesichts niedriger Zinsen immer noch eine attraktive Anlageklasse. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wird ein Bauherrenmodell mit zwei Variablen simuliert. Die Variablen sind erstens die unterschiedlichen Steuergesetzgebungen seit dem Jahr 2012 und zweitens der zur Anwendung gebrachte Zinssatz. Der Zinssatz, welcher als Referenzwert für die Abzinsung der Barwerte angesetzt wird, ist ein Schlüsselelement für die Effizienz von Bauherrenmodellen. Es zeigt sich, dass die drei steuerlichen Veränderungen seit 2012, unter der Voraussetzung von einer Haltezeit der Immobilie von mindestens fünfzehn Jahren, eine fortlaufende graduelle Verschlechterung für Bauherren gebracht haben. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Kapitalwert aus Veräußerung und Verpachtung für alle Steuerszenarien steigt, wenn der Zinssatz geringer angenommen wird.
Energetics of intrinsic point defects in ZrSiO$_4$
Creators: name: Pruneda, J. M.
name: Artacho, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first principles calculations we have studied the formation energies, electron and hole affinities, and electronic levels of intrinsic point defects in zircon. The atomic structures of charged interstitials, vacancies, Frenkel pairs and anti-site defects are obtained. The limit of high concentration of point defects, relevant for the use of this material in nuclear waste immobilization, was studied with a variable lattice relaxation that can simulate the swelling induced by radiation damage. The limit of low concentration of defects is simulated with larger cells and fixed lattice parameters. Using known band offset values at the interface of zircon with silicon, we analyze the foreseeable effect of the defects on the electronic properties of zircon used as gate in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices.
description: preprint 16 pages, 4 figures, and 5 tables
The Eight-Step Change Model in Practice: A Case Study on Medication Error Prioritization System (MEPS) to Improve Culture of Patient Safety
Creators: name: Wazhma Hakimi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Medication Error Prioritization System (MEPS) is used to improve the quality care and the culture of patient safety within organizations. MEPS can be effective in identifying and controlling high hazard medication (e.g., narcotics and anti-coagulants) and expired medicine and it can help with reducing preventable medical errors including errors in prescriptions, inappropriate use of medication and their adverse effects. Preventable medical errors are the leading cause of death in many countries while two-thirds of such errors could have been prevented and the most successful error-reduction strategy is MEPS. Using the online MEPS database, pharmacists answer a series of questions to report a medication error, including medication name, type of error, and location of event. Then, it provides recommendations on prevention of error and has the ability to teach employees how to prevent the error in the future. In addition, it provides insight that how the organization can improve patient safety by reviewing medication errors. For introducing MEPS and its successful implementation, in this document I recommend the Kotter’s 8 Steps of Change Management Model which can be implemented step by step.
Relaxation Dynamics of a Liquid in the Vicinity of an Attractive Surface: The Process of Escaping from the Surface
Creators: name: Behbahani, Alireza F.
name: Harmandaris, Vagelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the displacements of the particles of a glass-forming molecular liquid perpendicular to a confining solid surface, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations with atomistic models. In the vicinity of an attractive surface, the liquid molecules are trapped. Transient localization of liquid molecules near the surface introduces a relaxation process, related to the escape of molecules from the surface, into the dynamics of the interfacial liquid layer. To describe this process, we analyze several dynamical observables of the confined liquid. The self-intermediate scattering function and the mean-squared displacement of the particles located in the interfacial layer are dominated by the process of escaping from the surface. This relaxation process is also associated with a strong heterogeneity in the mobility of the interfacial particles. The studied model liquid is hydrogenated methyl methacrylate. For the confining wall, we consider different models, namely a periodic single layer of graphene and a frozen amorphous configuration of the bulk liquid (frozen wall). Near graphene, where the liquid molecules form a layered structure and adopt parallel-to-surface orientation, a clear separation between small-scale movements of the molecules near the surface and the process of escaping from the surface is observed. This is reflected in the three-step relaxation of the interfacial layer. However, near the frozen wall, where the liquid molecules do not have a preferential alignment, a clear three-step relaxation is not seen, even though the dynamical quantities are controlled by the process of escaping from the surface.
SUSY: Theory Status in the Light of Experimental Constraints
Creators: name: Belyaev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetry remains compelling theory over 30 years in spite of lack of its discovery. It could be already near the corner our days, therefore present and upcoming experiments are crucial for constraining or even discovery of the supersymmetry.
description: Contribution to HCP04 Conference, LaTex, 29 pages, 12 Figures
Conformal solitons for the mean curvature flow in hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Mari, Luciano
name: de Oliveira, Jose Danuso Rocha
name: Savas-Halilaj, Andreas
name: de Sena, Renivaldo Sodre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study conformal solitons for the mean curvature flow in hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$. Working in the upper half-space model, we focus on horo-expanders, which relate to the conformal field $-\partial_0$. We classify cylindrical and rotationally symmetric examples, finding appropriate analogues of grim-reaper cylinders, bowl and winglike solitons. Moreover, we address the Plateau and the Dirichlet problems at infinity. For the latter, we provide the sharp boundary convexity condition to guarantee its solvability, and address the case of noncompact boundaries contained between two parallel hyperplanes of $\partial_{\infty}\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$. We conclude by proving rigidity results for bowl and grim-reaper cylinders.
Fixed-magnetization Ising model with a slowly varying magnetic field
Creators: name: Aoun, Yacine
name: Ott, Sébastien
name: Velenik, Yvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motivation for this paper is the analysis of the fixed-density Ising lattice gas in the presence of a gravitational field. This is a seen as a particular instance of an Ising model with a slowly varying magnetic field in the fixed magnetization ensemble. We first characterize the typical magnetization profiles in the regime in which the contribution of the magnetic field competes with the bulk energy term. We then discuss in more detail the particular case of a gravitational field and the arising interfacial phenomena. In particular, we identify the macroscopic profile and propose several conjectures concerning the interface appearing in the phase coexistence regime. The latter are supported by explicit computations in an effective model. Finally, we state some conjectures concerning equilibrium crystal shapes in the presence of a gravitational field, when the latter contributes to the energy only to surface order.
description: Added some explanations. Final version, accepted for publication in the Journal of Statistical Physics
Deep-Learning Continuous Gravitational Waves: Multiple detectors and realistic noise
Creators: name: Dreissigacker, Christoph
name: Prix, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity of wide-parameter-space searches for continuous gravitational waves is limited by computational cost. Recently it was shown that Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) can perform all-sky searches directly on (single-detector) strain data, potentially providing a low-computing-cost search method that could lead to a better overall sensitivity. Here we expand on this study in two respects: (i) using (simulated) strain data from two detectors simultaneously, and (ii) training for directed (i.e.\ single sky-position) searches in addition to all-sky searches. For a data timespan of $T = 10^5\, s$, the all-sky two-detector DNN is about $7\%$ less sensitive (in amplitude $h_0$) at low frequency ($f=20\,Hz$), and about $51\,\%$ less sensitive at high frequency ($f=1000\,Hz$) compared to fully-coherent matched-filtering (using WEAVE). In the directed case the sensitivity gap compared to matched-filtering ranges from about $7-14\%$ at $f=20\,Hz$ to about $37-49\%$ at $f=1500\,Hz$. Furthermore we assess the DNN's ability to generalize in signal frequency, spindown and sky-position, and we test its robustness to realistic data conditions, namely gaps in the data and using real LIGO detector noise. We find that the DNN performance is not adversely affected by gaps in the test data or by using a relatively undisturbed band of LIGO detector data instead of Gaussian noise. However, when using a more disturbed LIGO band for the tests, the DNN's detection performance is substantially degraded due to the increase in false alarms, as expected.
description: (12 pages,8 figures, 6 tables)
The relation between Hamiltonian and $1$-tough properties of the Cartesian product graphs
Creators: name: Kao, Louis
name: Weng, Chih-wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C38, 05C42, 05C45, 05C70

description: The relation between Hamiltonicity and toughness of a graph is a long standing research problem. The paper studies the Hamiltonicity of the Cartesian product graph $G_1\square G_2$ of graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ satisfying that $G_1$ is traceable and $G_2$ is connected with a path factor. Let Pn be the path of order $n$ and $H$ be a connected bipartite graph. With certain requirements of $n$, we show that the following three statements are equivalent: (i) $P_n\square H$ is Hamiltonian; (ii) $P_n\square H$ is $1$-tough; and (iii) $H$ has a path factor.
Graviton Mixing
Creators: name: Latosh, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanism mixing graviton spin states is defined. The mixing appears naturally due to loop corrections. Its influence on amplitudes involving matter states is shown, implications for empirical data are discussed. It is argued that the mixing is one of the reasons behind an inability to defined the universal running of the Newton constant.
description: Misprints are corrected
Electric Dipole Moments as Probes of $B$ Anomaly
Creators: name: Iguro, Syuhei
name: Kitahara, Teppei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of the lepton flavor universality (LFU) in $\mathcal{B}({\bar{B}} \to D^{(\ast)} l \barν)$ indicate a significant deviation from the standard model prediction at a 3-4$σ$ level, revealing a violation of the LFU ($R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly). It is known that the $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly can be easily accommodated by an $SU(2)_L$-singlet vector leptoquark (LQ) coupled primarily to third-generation fermions, whose existence is further motivated by a partial gauge unification. In general, such a LQ naturally leads to additional $CP$-violating phases in the LQ interactions. In this paper, we point out that the current $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly prefers the $CP$-violating interaction although $\mathcal{B}({\bar{B}} \to D^{(\ast)} l\barν)$ are $CP$-conserving observables. The $CP$-violating LQ predicts a substantial size of the bottom-quark electric dipole moment (EDM), the chromo-EDM, and also the tau-lepton EDM. Eventually at low energy, the nucleon and electron EDMs are radiatively induced. Therefore, we conclude that the $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly with the $SU(2)_L$-singlet vector LQ provides unique predictions: neutron and proton EDMs with opposite signs and a magnitude of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-27})\,e$cm, and suppressed electron EDM. Furthermore, we show that a similar EDM pattern is predicted in an $SU(2)_L$-doublet scalar LQ scenario that can accommodate the $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly as well. These EDM signals could serve as crucial indicators in future experiments.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; v2: typos in the code fixed, discussion of scalar LQ added, references added; v3: version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
A KÖZOKTATÁS SZEREPE A VÁROS-VIDÉK KAPCSOLATOK FEJLŐDÉSÉBEN AZ EGRI KISTÉRSÉGBEN
Creators: name: Pecsenyánszky, Melinda
name: Koncz, Gabor
name: Pecsenyánszky, Melinda
name: Koncz, Gabor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: agglomerálódás
subject: közoktatás
subject: népességszám csökkenés
subject: mikrotérségi társulások
subject: agglomeration
subject: public edication
subject: population decline
subject: micro-regional partnerships

description: A településföldrajzban a városi agglomeráció egy olyan kiterjesztett várostérség, amely magában foglalja a központi település és a szomszédos szuburbán települések összefüggő szövetét. A témaválasztást az indokolta, hogy jobban megismerjük Eger és a környező települések kapcsolatrendszerét, betekintést nyerve az Egri kistérséget életébe. Bár a vonzáskörzet túlnyúlik a kistérség határain, a terjedelmi korlátok miatt csak a kistérségre koncentráltunk és kiemelten az oktatás témakörében gyűjtöttünk információkat. Város és vidék kapcsolata egy gyakorlatilag kimeríthetetlen téma számos alrendszere és állandó változása miatt. Teljesen más megélni és más olvasni róla. Az Egri kistérség relatíve nagy, központja fejlett megyeszékhely, vagyis nem tipikus vidéki kistérségről beszélhetünk. Pozder Péter 1986-ban már foglalkozott Eger város központi szerepével, ezért mi a cikkünkben a környező vidéki településekre helyeztük a hangsúlyt, amely témával egyébként is kevesebben foglalkoznak. ----------------------------------------------------------------- In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. The choice of the topic has been justified because we would like to better understand the relationship of Eger and its region and to further develop an insight into the life of the Eger subregion. Although the agglomeration extends beyond the border of the subregion, we have limited the scope of this effort and confined our investigations to the collected data of the Eger subregion, especially about the education. The relationship between city and country is an inexhaustible topic because it has numerous subsystems and permanently changes. Not the same to live in these areas and to read about this. The subregion of Eger is not a typical rural area as it is relatively large and the city is a county seat and well-developed. The central position of Eger within the region has been examined previously by Peter Pozder in 1986, however, we would like to focus our research on Eger and its region as it has not been exhaustively researched.
AZ ÖTCSILLAGOS SZÁLLODÁK WELLNESS RÉSZLEGE A BOSCOLO NEW YORK PALACE PÉLDÁJÁN KERESZTÜL
Creators: name: Petrik, Bettina
name: Újvári, Krisztina
name: Petrik, Bettina
name: Újvári, Krisztina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: hotel
subject: spa
subject: marketing
subject: Budapest
subject: Boscolo New York Palace

description: Szakmai gyakorlatom során, melyet a Boscolo New York Palace Hotel Spa részlegén töltöttem, mélyebb betekintést nyerhettem annak működésébe, ezáltal a problémák is hamarabb szembetűntek, mely leginkább a vendégforgalomban mutatkozott meg. Véleményem szerint a vendégforgalom növelése a marketing segítségével megvalósítható. A spa szolgáltatásainak minőségével és mennyiségével a vendégek többsége elégedett, melyeknek az ár-érték aránya is megfelelő. A Boscolo Spa-t a marketing-mix 7 P-jén keresztül szemléltetem, továbbá a SWOT-analízisét is ábrázolom. Primer kutatásként kérdőíves felmérést végeztem a vendégek körében, ezáltal következtetéseket vonhattam le a hatékonyabb működés érdekében. Ezeket a konzekvenciákat és javaslataimat is megfogalmaztam, melyek figyelembe vételével a Spa még sikeresebb működése elérhető. Kutatómunkám célja tehát az volt, hogy a Boscolo Spa működését bemutassam, vendégei elégedettségét és véleményét kutassam, melyekből konklúziókat vonhattam le. Javaslataimat megfogalmazva a spa hatékonyabb működését szeretném elősegíteni. ---------------------------------------------------- During my professional practice in the Spa of the Boscolo New York Palace Hotel I allowed to inspect the working of the spa. In my opinion the increasing of the customer turnover could be achieved with marketing. The guests are satisfied with the quality and quantity of the spa services which price-value proportion is suitable. I demonstrate the spa with the 7P of the marketing mix furthermore the SWOT analysis is also representated. Primary research was carried out as a questionnaire survey among the guests, making conclusions in the interest of the more efficient operation. I also formulated these conclusions and proposals which taking into account the spa more succesful working could be achieved. So the purpose of my essay was to introduce the operation of the Boscolo Spa and to quest for the satisfaction and opinion of the guests which from I colud make conclusions. Phrasing of my suggestions I would like to help the operation of the Boscolo Spa.
On a class of free Levy laws related to a regression problem
Creators: name: Bozejko, Marek
name: Bryc, Wlodzimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L53

description: The free Meixner laws arise as the distributions of orthogonal polynomials with constant-coefficient recursions. We show that these are the laws of the free pairs of random variables which have linear regressions and quadratic conditional variances when conditioned with respect to their sum. We apply this result to describe free Levy processes with quadratic conditional variances, and to prove a converse implication related to asymptotic freeness of random Wishart matrices.
description: LaTeX, v2: strengthened main theorem
Fairness in KI-Systemen
Creators: name: Strotherm, Janine
name: Müller, Alissa
name: Hammer, Barbara
name: Paaßen, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The more AI-assisted decisions affect people's lives, the more important the fairness of such decisions becomes. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to research on fairness in machine learning. We explain the main fairness definitions and strategies for achieving fairness using concrete examples and place fairness research in the European context. Our contribution is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience and therefore avoids mathematical formulation but emphasizes visualizations and examples.
 --
 Je mehr KI-gestützte Entscheidungen das Leben von Menschen betreffen, desto wichtiger ist die Fairness solcher Entscheidungen. In diesem Kapitel geben wir eine Einführung in die Forschung zu Fairness im maschinellen Lernen. Wir erklären die wesentlichen Fairness-Definitionen und Strategien zur Erreichung von Fairness anhand konkreter Beispiele und ordnen die Fairness-Forschung in den europäischen Kontext ein. Unser Beitrag richtet sich dabei an ein interdisziplinäres Publikum und verzichtet daher auf die mathematische Formulierung sondern betont Visualisierungen und Beispiele.
description: in German language, originally published in: Sabrina Schork (editor): "Vertrauen in k\"unstliche Intelligenz", Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
How infants respond to familiar and novel words : comparing bilinguals and monolinguals
Creators: name: Byers-Heinlein, Krista Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Infants growing up bilingual provide a unique window into how the language environment interacts with word learning and word comprehension mechanisms. The present studies used a preferential looking paradigm to investigate monolingual and bilingual 18-month-old infants’ responses to familiar and novel words. Monolinguals and bilinguals both responded to familiar words with increased attention to the target object. Both groups also showed the mutual exclusivity effect in response to a novel word, by increasing attention to an unfamiliar object. However, while monolinguals showed a linear pattern of increasing attention to the unfamiliar object over time, bilingual infants initially increased attention to the distracter and only later increased attention to the unfamiliar object. These results suggest that monolingual and bilinguals infants use a different processing strategy in demonstrating the mutual exclusivity effect, which may arise from differences in lexical knowledge and organization. The results support the view that differences in early linguistic experience can affect emerging word learning constraints.
PolyGNN: Polyhedron-based Graph Neural Network for 3D Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds
Creators: name: Chen, Zhaiyu
name: Shi, Yilei
name: Nan, Liangliang
name: Xiong, Zhitong
name: Zhu, Xiao Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present PolyGNN, a polyhedron-based graph neural network for 3D building reconstruction from point clouds. PolyGNN learns to assemble primitives obtained by polyhedral decomposition via graph node classification, achieving a watertight and compact reconstruction. To effectively represent arbitrary-shaped polyhedra in the neural network, we propose a skeleton-based sampling strategy to generate polyhedron-wise queries. These queries are then incorporated with inter-polyhedron adjacency to enhance the classification. PolyGNN is end-to-end optimizable and is designed to accommodate variable-size input points, polyhedra, and queries with an index-driven batching technique. To address the abstraction gap between existing city-building models and the underlying instances, and provide a fair evaluation of the proposed method, we develop our method on a large-scale synthetic dataset with well-defined ground truths of polyhedral labels. We further conduct a transferability analysis across cities and on real-world point clouds. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, particularly its efficiency for large-scale reconstructions. The source code and data are available at https://github.com/chenzhaiyu/polygnn.
description: Accepted for publication in ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Comparative Advantages of School and Workplace Environment in Competence Acquisition: Empirical Evidence From a Survey Among Professional Tertiary Education and Training Students in Switzerland
Creators: name: Bolli, Thomas
name: Renold, Ursula
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2015
Subjects: Competences
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Soft skills
PROJECT PLANNING + PROJECT MANAGEMENT (BUSINESS ECONOMICS)
SKILLED WORKERS VOCATIONAL TRAINING (VOCATIONAL EDUCATION)
Workplace learning
FACHARBEITERAUSBILDUNG (BERUFSAUSBILDUNG)
ORGANISATIONSGESTALTUNG (BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFT)
PERSONALWESEN
PROJEKTPLANUNG + PROJEKTMANAGEMENT + PROJEKTKONTROLLE (BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFT)
SCHWEIZ (MITTELEUROPA). SCHWEIZERISCHE EIDGENOSSENSCHAFT
SWITZERLAND (CENTRAL EUROPE). SWISS CONFEDERATION
STRATEGISCHE UNTERNEHMENSFÜHRUNG
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN (BUSINESS ECONOMICS)
Relevance
LEARNING ORGANIZATION + ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING (BUSINESS ECONOMICS)
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HUMAN RESOURCES
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 389
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-Induced Order in the Spin-Liquid Phase of the S=1/2 Pyrochlore Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Kotov, Valeri N.
name: Elhajal, Maged
name: Zhitomirsky, Michael E.
name: Mila, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the S=1/2 pyrochlore lattice with both Heisenberg and antisymmetric, Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interactions, can order antiferromagnetically into a state with chiral symmetry, dictated by the distribution of the DM interactions. The chiral antiferromagnetic state is characterized by a small staggered magnetic moment induced by the DM interaction. An external magnetic field can also lead to characteristic field-induced ordering patterns, strongly dependent on the field direction, and generally separated by a quantum phase transition from the chiral ordered phase. The phase diagram at finite temperature is also discussed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; published version
KOF Analysen 2010, Nr. 2, Sommer
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2010
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2010 (2)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
KOF Analysen 2010/2011, Nr. 4, Winter
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2010
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2010/2011 (4)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
The role of electromagnetic trapped modes in extraordinary transmission in nanostructured materials
Creators: name: Borisov, A. G.
name: de Abajo, F. J. García
name: Shabanov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assert that the physics underlying the extraordinary light transmission (reflection) in nanostructured materials can be understood from rather general principles based on the formal scattering theory developed in quantum mechanics. The Maxwell equations in passive (dispersive and absorptive) linear media are written in the form of the Schrödinger equation to which the quantum mechanical resonant scattering theory (the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism) is applied. It is demonstrated that the existence of long-lived quasistationary eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian for the Maxwell theory naturally explains the extraordinary transmission properties observed in various nanostructured materials. Such states correspond to quasistationary electromagnetic modes trapped in the scattering structure. Our general approach is also illustrated with an example of the zero-order transmission of the TE-polarized light through a metal-dielectric grating structure. Here a direct on-the-grid solution of the time-dependent Maxwell equations demonstrates the significance of resonances (or trapped modes) for extraordinary light transmissio
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; Discussion in Section 4 expanded; typos corrected; a reference added; Figure 4 revised
KOF Analysen 2011, Nr. 1, Frühjahr
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2011 (1)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
KOF Analysen 2011, Nr. 2, Sommer
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2011 (2)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
The Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Caputo-Time Fractional Differential Linear Systems
Creators: name: Zitane, Hanaa
name: Boutoulout, Ali
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 93D15

description: We investigate the stability and stabilization concepts for infinite dimensional time fractional differential linear systems in Hilbert spaces with Caputo derivatives. Firstly, based on a family of operators generated by strongly continuous semigroups and on a probability density function, we provide sufficient and necessary conditions for the exponential stability of the considered class of systems. Then, by assuming that the system dynamics is symmetric and uniformly elliptic and by using the properties of the Mittag-Leffler function, we provide sufficient conditions that ensure strong stability. Finally, we characterize an explicit feedback control that guarantees the strong stabilization of a controlled Caputo time fractional linear system through a decomposition approach. Some examples are presented that illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published Open Access in 'Mathematics 2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, 353', available at [https://doi.org/10.3390/math8030353]. Submitted: 31 Dec 2019; Revised: 21 and 28 Feb 2020; Accepted: 02 March 2020; Published: 5 March 2020
Supersymmetry on the honeycomb lattice: resonating charge stripes, superfrustration, and domain walls
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Patrick H.
name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice with nearest-neighbor exclusion and extended repulsive interactions that exhibits `lattice supersymmetry' [P. Fendley, K. Schoutens, and J. de Boer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 120402 (2003)]. Using a combination of exact diagonalization of large ($N\leq56$ site) systems, mean-field numerics, and symmetry analysis, we establish a rich phase structure as a function of fermion density, that includes non-Fermi liquid behavior, resonating charge stripes, domain-wall and bubble physics, and identify a finite range of fillings with extensive ground state degeneracy and both gapped and gapless spectra. We comment on the stability of our results to relaxing the stringent requirements for supersymmetry, and on their possible broader relevance to systems of strongly-correlated electrons with extended repulsive interactions.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
KOF Analysen 2011, Nr. 3, Herbst
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2011 (3)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
A VÁLLALKOZÁSOK VERSENYKÉPESSÉGÉT KIFEJEZŐ MUTATÓ SZÁMOK ALKALMAZÁSA A NEMZEKÖZI ÉS A NEMZETI SZÁMVITELI KÖRNYEZETBEN
Creators: name: Sápiné Duduk, Ildikó
name: Baranyi, Aranka
name: Sápiné Duduk, Ildikó
name: Baranyi, Aranka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: versenyképesség
subject: nemzetközi számviteli szabvány
subject: globalizáció
subject: konvergencia
subject: firm competitiveness
subject: international accounting standard
subject: globalization
subject: convergence

description: A globalizáció egy jelenség, mely hat a vállalkozások működésére, így hatással van a pénzügyi és számviteli folyamatokra is. A számvitel szolgáltatja a vállalkozás vagyoni, pénzügyi és jövedelmezőségi helyzetének megítéléséhez szükséges adatokat és információkat. A nemzetközi és a nemzeti számvitel által biztosított adatok nem különbözőek jelentősen a nemzeti és nemzetközi standardok szerint, ezért nincs akadálya az IFRS SME bevezetésének Magyarországon. A nemzetközi standardok használata növelheti a vállalatok versenyképességét. A fő cél és ok az IFRS SME bevezetésére az, hogy mindenki globálisan ugyanúgy készítse el a pénzügyi kimutatásait, mint versenytársai. Továbbá, a vállalatok és leányvállalataik, akik más kontinensen vannak, világszerte egyféle, általános számviteli nyelven elérhető és mindenki számára érthető és összehasonlítható legyen. ----------------------------------------------------------- Globalization is a symptom and businesses and sciences cannot ignore, so make impression on accounting. The accounting system delivers all the quantitative data and information that reflect the financial, monetary and profitability situation of a company. The statement of the research is that is necessary to take attention that in the course of the use of the data obtained from accountancy differences aren’t significant within the detailed rules depend on the national and international accounting standards. There is nothing to stop adopt the IFRS SME in Hungary also. The IFRS SME enhances competitiveness for the companies. The main goal and reason to convert to IFRS SME is to put everyone globally on the same level with respect to present their financials on the same level as foreign competitors. Furthermore, companies with subsidiaries on other continents will able to prepare statements in one, worldwide, universal accounting language understood by all. So the future is do the complete global transformation.
KOF Analysen 2011/2012, Nr. 4, Winter
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2011/2012 (4)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
title: Making Representations Matter: Understanding Practitioner Experience in Participatory Sensemaking
Creators: name: Selvin, Albert M.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: Appropriating new technologies in order to foster collaboration and participatory engagement is a focus for many fields, but there is relatively little research on the experience of practitioners who do so. The role of technology-use mediators is to help make such technologies amenable and of value to the people who interact with them and each other. When the nature of the technology is to provide textual and visual representations of ideas and discussions, issues of form and shaping arise, along with questions of professional ethics. This thesis examines such participatory representational practice, specifically how practitioners make participatory visual representations (pictures, diagrams, knowledge maps) coherent, engaging and useful for groups tackling complex societal and organizational challenges. This thesis develops and applies a method to analyze, characterize, and compare instances of participatory representational practice in such a way as to highlight experiential aspects such as aesthetics, narrative, improvisation, sensemaking, and ethics. It extends taxonomies of such practices found in related research, and contributes to a critique of functionalist or techno-rationalist approaches to studying professional practice. It studies how fourteen practitioners using a visual hypermedia tool engaged participants with the hypermedia representations, and the ways they made the representations matter to the participants. It focuses on the sensemaking challenges that the practitioners encountered in their sessions, and on the ways that the form they gave the visual representations (aesthetics) related to the service they were trying to provide to their participants. Qualitative research methods such as grounded theory are employed to analyze video recordings of the participatory representational sessions. Analytical tools were developed to provide a multi-perspective view on each session. Conceptual and normative frameworks for understanding the practitioner experience in participatory representational practice in context, especially in terms of aesthetics, ethics, narrative, sensemaking, and improvisation, are proposed. The thesis places these concerns in context of other kinds of facilitative and mediation practices as well as research on reflective practice, aesthetic experience, critical HCI, and participatory design.
High energy QCD: multiplicity dependence of quarkonia production
Creators: name: Gotsman, E.
name: Levin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose an approach which demonstrates the dependence of quarkoni production on the multiplicity of the accompanying hadrons. Our approach is based on the three gluons fusion mechanism, without assuming the multiplicity dependence of the saturation scale. We show, that we describe the experimental data, which has a dependence that is much steeper than the multiplicity of the hadrons.
description: 18pp 15 figures in pdf files
KOF Analysen 2012, Nr. 1, Frühjahr
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2012 (1)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
On an Erdős--Kac-type conjecture of Elliott
Creators: name: Gorodetsky, Ofir
name: Grimmelt, Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Elliott and Halberstam proved that $\sum_{p
description: 16 pages, accepted version. Title shortened, typos fixed, two remarks added
Building learning opportunities: Appealing to convention and collective memory
Creators: name: Azita Manouchehri
name: Gilchrist, Sarah
name: Xiangquan Yao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Education

description: Using interactional analysis we examined the content of interactions during a whole group discussion in a 9th grade geometry classroom with the intent to identify the teachers’ modes of intervention as he tried to engage students in criticizing two mathematical arguments raised inproving uniqueness of midpoint of a line segment. The teacher’s multiple invitations for engaging students in identifying problems with the two arguments were not well received.
Structural phase transformation and phase boundary/stability studies of field-cooled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-32%PbTiO3 crystals
Creators: name: Cao, Hu
name: Bai, Feiming
name: Li, Jiefang
name: Viehland, D.
name: Xu, Guangyong
name: Hiraka, H.
name: Shirane, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural phase transformations in (001)-oriented (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-32%PbTiO3 (PMN-x%PT) crystals have been investigated by x-ray diffraction. A C->T->MC sequence was observed in both the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) conditions. Most interestingly, an anomalous increase in the C->T phase boundary with increasing field has been observed, which is seemingly a common characteristic of crystals whose compositions are in the vicinity of the MPB, irrespective of the width of the T and MC phase regions.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures