cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identification of 6-Benzylthioinosine as a Myeloid Leukemia Differentiation-Inducing Compound
Creators: name: Vermaat, Hanna M.
name: Tse, William
name: Kang, Zizhen
name: Agarwal, Munna L.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Wald, David N.
name: Lavik, Andrew
name: Peleg, Gil
name: Bunting, Kevin D.
name: Zang, Shaolei
name: Gerson, Stanton L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: As the pathophysiology of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) involves a block of myeloid maturation, a desirable therapeutic strategy is to induce leukemic cell maturation to increase the efficacy and to avoid the side effects of traditional chemotherapeutics. Through a compound library screen, 6-benzylthioinosine (6BT) was identified as a promising differentiation-inducing agent. 6BT induces monocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines such as HL-60 and OCI-AML3, as well as primary patient samples as evidenced by morphology, immunophenotyping, and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Not only can 6BT induce differentiation but a subset of AML cell lines such as MV4-11 and HNT34 instead undergo 6BT-mediated cell death. Despite inducing cell death in some leukemic cells, 6BT exhibits extremely low toxicity on several nonmalignant cells such as fibroblasts, normal bone marrow, and endothelial cells. This toxicity profile may relate to the function of 6BT as an inhibitor of the nucleoside transporter, ent1, which is thought to prevent it from entering many cell types. In contrast, 6BT likely enters at least some leukemic cell lines as shown by its requirement for phosphorylation for its differentiation activity. 6BT is also able to synergize with currently used myeloid differentiation agents such as ATRA and decitabine. Early studies indicate that the mechanism of action of this compound may involve ATP depletion that leads to growth inhibition and subsequent differentiation. Besides in vitro activity, 6BT also shows the ability to impair HL-60 and MV4-11 tumor growth in nude mice. 6BT is a promising new monocytic differentiation agent with apparent leukemic cell–specific activity.
(401784) Edward William Neish
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Navigating towards more sustainable outcomes in the Kiribati water, sanitation and hygiene sector
Creators: name: Mack, Phoebe S.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Water and sanitation management in Kiribati is amongst the most complex and challenging in the world. Despite significant aid investment in the country’s water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, the sustainability of these initiatives is questionable with a cycle of infrastructure break-down, repair and break-down, weak governance, poor coordination and an aid modality dominated by short-term donor driven projects. Through a literature review and thematic analysis of key informant interviews, this research identifies the decisive factors inhibiting the sustainability of the Kiribati WASH sector and proposes solutions to enable more sustainable outcomes. The recommendations focus on actions that can be employed to navigate around the foundational constraint identified in the thematic analysis – governance and leadership – and are framed considering the sphere of influence of development partners and actors. The outcomes of the research could be used to inform future development assistance planning and project and program implementation.
A geometric approach to approximating the limit set of eigenvalues for banded Toeplitz matrices
Creators: name: Bucht, Teodor
name: Christiansen, Jacob S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15B05, 47B06, 47B35, 65F15

description: This article is about finding the limit set for banded Toeplitz matrices. Our main result is a new approach to approximate the limit set $Λ(b)$ where $b$ is the symbol of the banded Toeplitz matrix. The new approach is geometrical and based on the formula $Λ(b) = \cap_{ρ\in (0, \infty)} \text{sp } T(b_ρ)$, where $ρ$ is a scaling factor, i.e. $b_ρ(t) := b(ρt)$, and $\text{sp }(\cdot)$ denotes the spectrum. We show that the full intersection can be approximated by the intersection for a finite number of $ρ$'s, and that the intersection of polygon approximations for $\text{sp } T(b_ρ)$ yields an approximating polygon for $Λ(b)$ that converges to $Λ(b)$ in the Hausdorff metric. Further, we show that one can slightly expand the polygon approximations for $\text{sp } T(b_ρ)$ to ensure that they contain $\text{sp } T(b_ρ)$. Then, taking the intersection yields an approximating superset of $Λ(b)$ which converges to $Λ(b)$ in the Hausdorff metric, and is guaranteed to contain $Λ(b)$. Combining the established algebraic (root-finding) method with our approximating superset, we are able to give an explicit bound on the Hausdorff distance to the true limit set. We implement the algorithm in Python and test it. It performs on par to and better in some cases than existing algorithms. We argue, but do not prove, that the average time complexity of the algorithm is $O(n^2 + mn\log m)$, where $n$ is the number of $ρ$'s and $m$ is the number of vertices for the polygons approximating $\text{sp } T(b_ρ)$. Further, we argue that the distance from $Λ(b)$ to both the approximating polygon and the approximating superset decreases as $O(1/\sqrt{k})$ for most of $Λ(b)$, where $k$ is the number of elementary operations required by the algorithm.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures. Revised version, Algorithm 2 and Example 4.1 added, final version
Inactivation of gadd45a Sensitizes Epithelial Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation In vivo Resulting in Prolonged Survival
Creators: name: Yin, Chaoyin
name: Hill, Reginald
name: Lu, Xiangdong
name: Van Dyke, Terry
name: Fornace Jr., Albert J.
name: Hollander, M. Christine
name: Yang, Chunyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Ionizing Radiation (IR) therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer patients. The responses of tumor cells to IR are often tissue specific and depend on pathway aberrations present in the tumor. Identifying molecules and mechanisms that sensitize tumor cells to IR provides new potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this study, we used two genetically engineered mouse (GEM) carcinoma models, brain choroid plexus (CPC) and prostate to test the impact of inactivating gadd45a, a DNA damage response p53 target gene, on tumor responses to IR We show that gadd45a deficiency significantly increases tumor cell death after radiation. Impact on survival was assessed in the CPC model and was extended in IR-treated mice with gadd45a deficiency compared to those expressing wild type gadd45a. These studies demonstrate a significant effect of gadd45a inactivation in sensitizing tumor cells to IR, implicating gadd45a as a potential drug target in radiotherapy management.
Modeling of strain-induced Pockels effect in Silicon
Creators: name: Manganelli, Costanza Lucia
name: Pintus, Paolo
name: Bonati, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a theoretical model to describe the strain-induced linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect in centro-symmetric crystals. The general formulation is presented and the specific case of the strained silicon is investigated in detail because of its attractive properties for integrated optics. The outcome of this analysis is a linear relation between the second order susceptibility tensor and the strain gradient tensor, depending generically on fifteen coefficients. The proposed model greatly simplifies the description of the electro-optic effect in strained silicon waveguides, providing a powerful and effective tool for design and optimization of optical devices.
description: typos corrected in eq. 29 with respect to the published version
Understanding random-walk dynamical phase coexistence through waiting times
Creators: name: Stuhrmann, David C.
name: Coghi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the appearance of first-order dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) as `intermittent' co-existing phases in the fluctuations of random walks on graphs. We show that the diverging time scale leading to critical behaviour is the waiting time to jump from one phase to another. This time scale is crucial for observing the system's relaxation to stationarity and demonstrates ergodicity of the system at criticality. We illustrate these results through three analytical examples which provide insights into random walks exploring random graphs.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. v2: fixed minor typos + added references
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Confers a Survival Advantage to Endothelial Cells
Creators: name: Damania, Blossom
name: Wang, Ling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with three different human malignancies including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman’s disease. The KS lesion is of endothelial cell in origin and is highly dependent on autocrine and paracrine factors for survival and growth. In this study, we demonstrate that KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces the activation of the pro-survival PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. KSHV infection of endothelial cells augmented cell survival in the presence of apoptotic inducers, including etoposide and staurosporine, and under conditions of serum deprivation. We found that KSHV infection of endothelial cells also increased the ability of these cells to form an in vitro tubular network under conditions of stress and growth factor deprivation. Finally, we show that the NF-κB and PI3K pathways are also required for endothelial tubular network formation. Collectively, these results suggest that KSHV infection of endothelial cells modulates cell signaling pathways and induces cell survival and angiogenesis, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis induced by KSHV.
The reuse of grey water for domestic garden irrigation in UK
Creators: name: Shaofei Liu
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Water shortages, rising water bills and hosepipe ban have made it costly for households to irrigate their gardens in the UK. In this dissertation, household grey water is utilized to irrigate gardens, and the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of grey water will be analyzed. Domestic grey water technology includes grey water collection technology, grey water filtration treatment technology and irrigation technology. Three household grey water reuse systems were designed. The typical garden size is identified in the UK. The amount of water used for domestic irrigation is calculated. The cost and return expectation of using grey water system is also calculated. Explore knowledge of grey water reuse in the UK and the standards set for the use of grey water in other developed countries. The risks of using backwater and how to reduce them were assessed. Exploring attitudes of British residents towards grey water reuse. This dissertation finds that there are many challenges for the UK to adopt domestic grey water recycling system
title: Three-months follow-up imaging findings after COVID-19 infection : A cross-sectional study from a Malaysian hospital
Creators: name: Johari, Bushra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Data on long-term chest radiologic changes in patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. Long COVID is defined as persistent symptoms after four weeks, and post-COVID syndrome is present when symptoms last longer...
Generating Faithful Text From a Knowledge Graph with Noisy Reference Text
Creators: name: Hashem, Tahsina
name: Wang, Weiqing
name: Wijaya, Derry Tanti
name: Ali, Mohammed Eunus
name: Li, Yuan-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge Graph (KG)-to-Text generation aims at generating fluent natural-language text that accurately represents the information of a given knowledge graph. While significant progress has been made in this task by exploiting the power of pre-trained language models (PLMs) with appropriate graph structure-aware modules, existing models still fall short of generating faithful text, especially when the ground-truth natural-language text contains additional information that is not present in the graph. In this paper, we develop a KG-to-text generation model that can generate faithful natural-language text from a given graph, in the presence of noisy reference text. Our framework incorporates two core ideas: Firstly, we utilize contrastive learning to enhance the model's ability to differentiate between faithful and hallucinated information in the text, thereby encouraging the decoder to generate text that aligns with the input graph. Secondly, we empower the decoder to control the level of hallucination in the generated text by employing a controllable text generation technique. We evaluate our model's performance through the standard quantitative metrics as well as a ChatGPT-based quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our evaluation demonstrates the superior performance of our model over state-of-the-art KG-to-text models on faithfulness.
Dielectrophoresis: An Approach to Increase Sensitivity, Reduce Response Time and to Suppress Nonspecific Binding in Biosensors?
Creators: name: Henriksson, Anders
name: Neubauer, Peter
name: Birkholz, Mario
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AC electrokinetics
subject: biosensor
subject: dielectrophoresis
subject: diffusion
subject: mass-transfer
subject: non-specific interaction
subject: 570

description: The performance of receptor-based biosensors is often limited by either diffusion of the analyte causing unreasonable long assay times or a lack of specificity limiting the sensitivity due to the noise of nonspecific binding. Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics and its effect on biosensing is an increasing field of research dedicated to address this issue and can improve mass transfer of the analyte by electrothermal effects, electroosmosis, or dielectrophoresis (DEP). Accordingly, several works have shown improved sensitivity and lowered assay times by order of magnitude thanks to the improved mass transfer with these techniques. To realize high sensitivity in real samples with realistic sample matrix avoiding nonspecific binding is critical and the improved mass transfer should ideally be specific to the target analyte. In this paper we cover recent approaches to combine biosensors with DEP, which is the AC kinetic approach with the highest selectivity. We conclude that while associated with many challenges, for several applications the approach could be beneficial, especially if more work is dedicated to minimizing nonspecific bindings, for which DEP offers interesting perspectives.
Emergence of competing magnetic interactions induced by Ge doping in the semiconductor FeGa3
Creators: name: Alvarez-Quiceno, J. C.
name: Cabrera-Baez, M.
name: Ribeiro, R. A.
name: Avila, M. A.
name: Dalpian, G. M.
name: Osorio-Guillén, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FeGa$_3$ is an unusual intermetallic semiconductor that presents intriguing magnetic responses to the tuning of its electronic properties. When doped with Ge, the system evolves from diamagnetic to paramagnetic to ferromagnetic ground states that are not well understood. In this work, we have performed a joint theoretical and experimental study of FeGa$_{3-x}$Ge$_x$ using Density Functional Theory and magnetic susceptibility measurements. For low Ge concentrations we observe the formation of localized moments on some Fe atoms and, as the dopant concentration increases, a more delocalized magnetic behavior emerges. The magnetic configuration strongly depends on the dopant distribution, leading even to the appearance of antiferromagnetic interactions in certain configurations.
description: See "Note added to arXiv version" in text
Gasthaus
Creators: name: Flörke, Sabrina
name: Freytag, Sebastian
name: Kermani, Navid
name: Knapp, Tessa
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung
subject: Kunstausstellung
subject: Hotel
subject: Navid Kermani
subject: Siegen
subject: Art exhibition
subject: Kunstausstellung
subject: Gaststättengewerbe
subject: Hotel
subject: Kermani, Navid
subject: Siegen

description: Die Publikation erscheint begleitend zum gleichnamigen Ausstellungsprojekt und wurde interdisziplinär in Lehrveranstaltungen 2020 und 2021 von Sebastian Freytag und Tessa Knapp im Fach Kunst der Universität Siegen mit Studierenden der Kunst, der Architektur und der Sozialen Arbeit entwickelt. Angeregt durch das schriftstellerische Werk Navid Kermanis wurden künstlerisch-recherchierende Arbeitsweisen erprobt und verdichteten sich inhaltlich zum Metathema von Unterkünften, Hotels und Gasthäusern der Stadt Siegen, die metaphorisch als Transitorte für Migration, Reisen und den damit verknüpften räumlich-gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen zu verstehen sind. Das Projekt wurde in den künstlerischen Lehrgebieten Malerei und Druckgrafik von Prof. Christian Freudenberger sowie Künstlerische Strategien im öffentlichen Raum & kulturelle Bildung von Prof. Johanna Schwarz realisiert.
Maintenance of Constitutive I B Kinase Activity by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 /  in Pancreatic Cancer
Creators: name: Wilson III, Willie
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Constitutive NF-κB activation is among the many deregulated signaling pathways that are proposed to drive pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival. Recent reports suggest that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a key role in maintaining basal NF-κB target gene expression and cell survival in pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism by which GSK-3β facilitates constitutive NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this report, we analyze the contributions of both GSK-3 isoforms (GSK-3α, GSK-3β) in regulating NF-κB activation and cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2). We demonstrate that GSK-3 isoforms are differentially required to maintain basal NF-κB DNA binding activity, transcriptional activity, and cell proliferation in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data also indicate that IKK subunits are not equally required to regulate pancreatic cancer-associated NF-κB activity and cell growth. Importantly, we provide the first evidence that GSK-3 maintains constitutive NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer by regulating IKK activity. These data provide new insight into GSK-3-dependent NF-κB regulation, and further establishes GSK-3 and IKK as potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
The Rigorous Derivation of the 2D Cubic Focusing NLS from Quantum Many-body Evolution
Creators: name: Chen, Xuwen
name: Holmer, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a 2D time-dependent quantum system of $N$-bosons with harmonic external confining and \emph{attractive} interparticle interaction in the Gross-Pitaevskii scaling. We derive stability of matter type estimates showing that the $k$-th power of the energy controls the $H^{1}$ Sobolev norm of the solution over $k$-particles. This estimate is new and more difficult for attractive interactions than repulsive interactions. For the proof, we use a version of the finite-dimensional quantum di Finetti theorem from [49]. A high particle-number averaging effect is at play in the proof, which is not needed for the corresponding estimate in the repulsive case. This a priori bound allows us to prove that the corresponding BBGKY hierarchy converges to the GP limit as was done in many previous works treating the case of repulsive interactions. As a result, we obtain that the \emph{focusing} nonlinear Schrödinger equation is the mean-field limit of the 2D time-dependent quantum many-body system with attractive interatomic interaction and asymptotically factorized initial data. An assumption on the size of the $L^{1}$-norm of the interatomic interaction potential is needed that corresponds to the sharp constant in the 2D Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality though the inequality is not directly relevant because we are dealing with a trace instead of a power.
Solar type II radio bursts associated with CME expansions as shown by EUV waves
Creators: name: Cunha-Silva, R. D.
name: Fernandes, F. C. R.
name: Selhorst, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physical conditions of the sources of two metric Type-II bursts associated with CME expansions with the aim of verifying the relationship between the shocks and the CMEs, comparing the heights of the radio sources and the heights of the EUV waves associated with the CMEs. The heights of the EUV waves associated with the events were determined in relation to the wave fronts. The heights of the shocks were estimated by applying two different density models to the frequencies of the Type-II emissions and compared with the heights of the EUV waves. For the 13 June 2010 event, with band-splitting, the shock speed was estimated from the frequency drifts of the upper and lower branches of the harmonic lane, taking into account the H/F frequency ratio fH/fF = 2. Exponential fits on the intensity maxima of the branches revealed to be more consistent with the morphology of the spectrum of this event. For the 6 June 2012 event, with no band-splitting and with a clear fundamental lane on the spectrum, the shock speed was estimated directly from the frequency drift of the fundamental emission, determined by linear fit on the intensity maxima of the lane. For each event, the most appropriate density model was adopted to estimate the physical parameters of the radio source. The 13 June 2010 event presented a shock speed of 664-719 km/s, consistent with the average speed of the EUV wave fronts of 609 km/s. The 6 June 2012 event was related to a shock of speed of 211-461 km/s, also consistent with the average speed of the EUV wave fronts of 418 km/s. For both events, the heights of the EUV wave revealed to be compatible with the heights of the radio source, assuming a radial propagation of the shock.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
(401785) Colin Graham Neish
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Towards the Growth of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ge(001)/Si Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Creators: name: Franck, Max
name: Dabrowski, Jaroslaw
name: Schubert, Markus Andreas
name: Wenger, Christian
name: Lukosius, Mindaugas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 2D materials
subject: borazine
subject: chemical vapor deposition
subject: DFT
subject: hexagonal boron nitride
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: The growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on epitaxial Ge(001)/Si substrates via high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition from borazine is investigated for the first time in a systematic manner. The influences of the process pressure and growth temperature in the range of 10−7–10−3 mbar and 900–980 °C, respectively, are evaluated with respect to morphology, growth rate, and crystalline quality of the hBN films. At 900 °C, nanocrystalline hBN films with a lateral crystallite size of ~2–3 nm are obtained and confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms an atomic N:B ratio of 1 ± 0.1. A three-dimensional growth mode is observed by atomic force microscopy. Increasing the process pressure in the reactor mainly affects the growth rate, with only slight effects on crystalline quality and none on the principle growth mode. Growth of hBN at 980 °C increases the average crystallite size and leads to the formation of 3–10 well-oriented, vertically stacked layers of hBN on the Ge surface. Exploratory ab initio density functional theory simulations indicate that hBN edges are saturated by hydrogen, and it is proposed that partial de-saturation by H radicals produced on hot parts of the set-up is responsible for the growth.
Testing the Foundations of Classical Entropy: Colloid Experiments
Creators: name: Cates, Michael E.
name: Manoharan, Vinothan N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defining the entropy of classical particles raises a number of paradoxes and ambiguities, some of which have been known for over a century. Several, such as Gibbs' paradox, involve the fact that classical particles are distinguishable, and in textbooks these are often `resolved' by appeal to the quantum-mechanical indistinguishability of atoms or molecules of the same type. However, questions then remain of how to correctly define the entropy of large poly-atomic particles such as colloids in suspension, of which no two are exactly alike. By performing experiments on such colloids, one can establish that certain definitions of the classical entropy fit the data, while others in the literature do not. Specifically, the experimental facts point firmly to an `informatic' interpretation that dates back to Gibbs: entropy is determined by the number of microstates that we as observers choose to treat as equivalent when we identify a macrostate. This approach, unlike some others, can account for the existence of colloidal crystals, and for the observed abundances of colloidal clusters of different shapes. We also address some lesser-known paradoxes whereby the physics of colloidal assemblies, which ought to be purely classical, seems to involve quantum mechanics directly. The experimental symptoms of such involvement are predicted to be `isotope effects' in which colloids with different inertial masses, but otherwise identical sizes and properties, show different aggregation statistics. These paradoxes are caused by focussing one's attention on some classical degrees while neglecting others; when all are treated equally, all isotope effects are found to vanish.
title: Imaging evaluation of total hip replacement: what the radiologist needs to know
Creators: name: Jadib, Abdelhamid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Complications
subject: Prostheses

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review the imaging modalities used for the evaluation of total hip replacements Discuss the complications of total hip replacements and their imaging...
The SWI/SNF ATPase Brm Is a Gatekeeper of Proliferative Control in Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Shen, Hui
name: Powers, Nathan
name: Gerald, William
name: Sharma, Ankur
name: Saini, Nitin
name: Rosson, Gary
name: Aronow, Bruce J.
name: Weissman, Bernard
name: Williams, Erin
name: Muchardt, Christian
name: Knudsen, Karen E.
name: Yaniv, Moshe
name: Jessen, Walter J.
name: Revelo, Monica P.
name: Comstock, Clay E.S.
name: Weaver, Katherine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Factors that drive prostate cancer progression remain poorly defined, thus hindering the development of new therapeutic strategies. Disseminated tumors are treated through regimens that ablate androgen signaling, as prostate cancer cells require androgen for growth and survival. However, recurrent, incurable tumors that have bypassed the androgen requirement ultimately arise. This study reveals that the Brm ATPase, a component of selected SWI/SNF complexes, has significant antiproliferative functions in the prostate that protect against these transitions. First, we show that targeted ablation of Brm is causative for the development of prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Second, in vivo challenge revealed that Brm−/− epithelia acquire the capacity for lobe-specific, castration-resistant cellular proliferation. Third, investigation of human specimens revealed that Brm mRNA and protein levels are attenuated in prostate cancer. Fourth, Brm down-regulation was associated with an increased proliferative index, consistent with the mouse model. Lastly, gene expression profiling showed that Brm loss alters factors upstream of E2F1; this was confirmed in murine models, wherein Brm loss induced E2F1 deregulation in a tissue-specific manner. Combined, these data identify Brm as a major effector of serum androgen–induced proliferation in the prostate that is disrupted in human disease, and indicate that loss of Brm confers a proliferative advantage in prostate cancer.
Reliable metal-graphene contact formation process flows in a CMOS-compatible environment
Creators: name: Elviretti, M.
name: Lisker, M.
name: Lukose, R.
name: Lukosius, M.
name: Akhtar, F.
name: Mai, A.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Candidate materials
subject: CMOS Compatible
subject: Contact formation
subject: Electronics devices
subject: Formation process
subject: Graphene contacts
subject: Metal contacts
subject: Optimisations
subject: Photonics devices
subject: Process flows
subject: 540

description: The possibility of exploiting the enormous potential of graphene for microelectronics and photonics must go through the optimization of the graphene-metal contact. Achieving low contact resistance is essential for the consideration of graphene as a candidate material for electronic and photonic devices. This work has been carried out in an 8′′ wafer pilot-line for the integration of graphene into a CMOS environment. The main focus is to study the impact of the patterning of graphene and passivation on metal-graphene contact resistance. The latter is measured by means of transmission line measurement (TLM) with several contact designs. The presented approaches enable reproducible formation of contact resistivity as low as 660 Ω μm with a sheet resistance of 1.8 kΩ/□ by proper graphene patterning, passivation of the channel and a post-processing treatment such as annealing.
Barriers to effective solid waste in Pacific Island countries
Creators: name: Evans, Luke
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90409 Wastewater Treatment Processes
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Solid waste management (SWM) in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) poses a challenge to communities, organisations and governments. Pacific islands are often small with limited land area, and have low population densities with the population spread widely across a large number of islands. Increasing globalisation and consumerism within PICs is also leading to increased amounts of solid waste, in particular plastics and packaging that many countries are not equipped to appropriately deal with. Data was collected from three PICs from the community, solid waste service providers and national governments in order to determine social, organisational and governmental barriers to effective solid waste management. Analysis of the collected data demonstrated that: ▪ SWM a key issue across all countries surveyed, though to varying extents ▪ Awareness, access and affordability identified as primary barriers ▪ Community engagement is a crucial aspect of long term success of SWM schemes
Holographic Entropy Inequalities and Multipartite Entanglement
Creators: name: Hernández-Cuenca, Sergio
name: Hubeny, Veronika E.
name: Jia, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study holographic entropy inequalities and their structural properties by making use of a judicious grouping of terms into certain multipartite information quantities. This allows us to recast cumbersome entropic expressions into much simpler ones which share interestingly rigid structures. By performing a systematic search over some of these structures, we are able to discover more than 300 novel entropy inequalities for six parties, thereby demonstrating that these recastings provide a fruitful generating technique for uncovering new holographic entropy inequalities. In attempting to interpret the corresponding sign-definite quantities as correlation measures, we also obtain a no-go result: the superbalance property of holographic entropy inequalities turns out to preclude them from being monotonic under partial tracing. In the process, we also comment on the geometrical significance of multipartite information quantities and present various structural relations amongst them.
description: v1: 40 pages, 384 inequalities. v2: 1877 inequalities (w/ numbering distinct from v1); new tables in App. C; link to living repository added
From Farmer to Consumer
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Sohini
Publisher: name: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food
Year: 2023

description: The pandemic shed light on the already glaring shortcomings of our elongated conventional food system. Some seek to address the complexity and distance introduced into the food system between production and consumption by developing and participating in alternative food networks. Among them are organic farmers exploring direct selling initiatives to reduce the degree of separation from the end consumer, especially urban consumers. This paper is focused on this section of organic food producers located in Delhi NCR (National Capital Region) in India who are actively seeking participation in short food supply chains. Drawing on data collected through interviews with organic food producers, the paper highlights how they were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows the advantages and challenges of relying on direct selling against the backdrop of a pandemic and government-mandated social distancing. The discussion is situated at the intersection of literature on alternative food networks (AFNs), short food supply chains (SFSCs), and proximity. The paper examines the critical role of geographical and relational proximity within short food supply chains of value-laden AFN products as the pandemic revealed its own set of challenges to the agri-food supply chain.
description: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, Vol. 29 No. 2 (2023): Regular Issue
Solution of one-dimensional Kondo lattice model, ground state calculation
Creators: name: Karnaukhov, Igor N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of the Kondo chain is calculated taking into account the formation of local singlet states of electrons and moments. Singlets are entangled local states of electrons and moments arranged chaotically and varying in time. Two-particle scattering matrix of electrons forming singlets is calculated using the Bethe Ansatz. It is shown that electrons do not hybridize with local moments, and a lattice with a double cell is not formed. In the Kondo insulator a charge gap is calculated for an arbitrary value of the exchange integral. In the case of strong interaction the gap is determined by the single-particle energy of the singlet, for weak interaction - by correlations (the gap is proportional to the square of the exchange integral).
description: 6 pages,1 figure; journalized version of the article
Perspectives on MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3thin films and its Al-alloy for power electronics application
Creators: name: Rehm, Jana
name: Chou, Ta-Shun
name: Bin Anooz, Saud
name: Seyidov, Palvan
name: Fiedler, Andreas
name: Galazka, Zbigniew
name: Popp, Andreas
Publisher: name: [Melville, NY] : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Al-alloy
subject: High power electronics
subject: High-power devices
subject: Power electronic applications
subject: Radiofrequencies
subject: Solar blind ultraviolet
subject: Thin-films
subject: Ultra-wide
subject: Wide-band-gap semiconductor
subject: β -Ga2O3
subject: 530

description: Beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with attractive physical properties for next-generation high-power devices, radio frequency electronics, and solar-blind ultraviolet radiation detectors. Here, we present an overview and perspective on the development of MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films and its role in supplementing high-power electronics. We review the development path of the growth process on (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films with a discussion regarding the solved and remaining challenges. The structural defect formation mechanism, substrate treatment strategies, and different growth windows are analyzed to optimize the grown film to fulfill the requirements for device fabrication. Toward industrial applications, MOVPE-grown β-Ga2O3 thin films are evaluated in two aspects: thick layers with smooth surface roughness and the electrical properties in terms of high carrier mobility and low doping concentration. Based on the reviewed results, we propose strategies in substrate preparation treatments and supportive tools such as the machine learning approaches for future growth process optimization and envision the rising interest of the β-Ga2O3-related alloy, β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3.
Tissue Factor Regulation by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transitions: Effect on Tumor Initiation and Angiogenesis
Creators: name: Anderson, G. Mark
name: Milsom, Chloe C.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Rak, Janusz W.
name: Yu, Joanne L.
name: Micallef, Johann
name: Guha, Abhijit
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: ErbB oncogenes drive the progression of several human cancers. Our study shows that in human carcinoma (A431) and glioma (U373) cells, the oncogenic forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; including EGFRvIII) trigger the up-regulation of tissue factor (TF), the transmembrane protein responsible for initiating blood coagulation and signaling through interaction with coagulation factor VIIa. We show that A431 cancer cells in culture exhibit a uniform TF expression profile; however, these same cells in vivo exhibit a heterogeneous TF expression and show signs of E-cadherin inactivation, which is coupled with multilineage (epithelial and mesenchymal) differentiation. Blockade of E-cadherin in vitro, leads to the acquisition of spindle morphology and de novo expression of vimentin, features consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These changes were associated with an increase in EGFR-dependent TF expression, and with enhanced stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production, particularly following cancer cell treatment with coagulation factor VIIa. In vivo, cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition exhibited an increased metastatic potential. Furthermore, injections of the TF-blocking antibody (CNTO 859) delayed the initiation of A431 tumors in immunodeficient mice, and reduced tumor growth, vascularization, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Collectively, our data suggest that TF is regulated by both oncogenic and differentiation pathways, and that it functions in tumor initiation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, TF could serve as a therapeutic target in EGFR-dependent malignancies.
From Banned Bonds to Hungry Homes
Creators: name: Bhanye, Johannes
Publisher: name: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines the impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic and related bans on associational life had on the food security of migrants residing in informal settlements. Through ethnographic fieldwork at Lydiate informal settlement in the Norton peri-urban area, Zimbabwe – where Malawian migrants have established a unique home – the study reveals the transformative impacts of the pandemic on the livelihoods, food security, and everyday life of migrants. Lockdown measures disrupted crucial social support networks, including community organisations and informal associations that are essential to migrants’ and diasporas’ sense of belonging. The findings reveal a dramatic alteration in the lives of migrants at Lydiate, emphasising how limited access to these networks exacerbated food insecurity among a population already facing discrimination and exclusion from formal support systems. Beyond the immediate impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on food security, pre-existing vulnerabilities (questionable legal status, lack of social safety nets, and resource constraints) also demonstrated the structural inequalities that shape the experiences of migrants in informal settlements. This complex array of challenges significantly influences food security outcomes among migrants on the margins during times of crisis. Understanding the impacts of bans on associational life and belonging among migrants necessitates a thoughtful approach to policy and practice. Policymakers and practitioners must consider the interconnectedness of social, economic, and psychological dimensions in the lives of migrants. Future research might usefully focus on how migrants find ‘informal or nimble ways of belonging’ to continue their lives even after bans on associational life in the community and beyond.
description: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, Vol. 29 No. 2 (2023): Regular Issue
Epitaxial growth of the first two members of the Ban +1InnO2.5 n +1Ruddlesden-Popper homologous series
Creators: name: Hensling, Felix V. E.
name: Smeaton, Michelle A.
name: Show, Veronica
name: Azizie, Kathy
name: Barone, Matthew R.
name: Kourkoutis, Lena F.
name: Schlom, Darrell G.
Publisher: name: New York, NY : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Air-exposure
subject: Capping layer
subject: Ex situ
subject: Homologous series
subject: Molecular-beam epitaxy
subject: Ruddlesden-Popper
subject: Ruddlesden-Popper series
subject: SiO 2
subject: Situ characterization
subject: Structural qualities
subject: 530

description: We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of the first two members, and the n = ∞ member of the homologous Ruddlesden-Popper series of Ba n + 1 In n O 2.5 n + 1 of which the n = 1 member was previously unknown. The films were grown by suboxide molecular-beam epitaxy where the indium is provided by a molecular beam of indium-suboxide [In 2O (g)]. To facilitate ex situ characterization of the highly hygroscopic barium indate films, a capping layer of amorphous SiO 2 was deposited prior to air exposure. The structural quality of the films was assessed by x-ray diffraction, reflective high-energy electron diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Structured random matrices and cyclic cumulants: A free probability approach
Creators: name: Bernard, Denis
name: Hruza, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new class of large structured random matrices characterized by four fundamental properties which we discuss. We prove that this class is stable under matrix-valued and pointwise non-linear operations. We then formulate an efficient method, based on an extremization problem, for computing the spectrum of subblocks of such large structured random matrices. We present different proofs -- combinatorial or algebraic -- of the validity of this method, which all have some connection with free probability. We illustrate this method with well known examples of unstructured matrices, including Haar randomly rotated matrices, as well as with the example of structured random matrices arising in the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process. tured random matrices arising in the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process.
description: 30 pages main text, 2 pages appendix
title: Prognostic value of brain tissue volumes in patients with Parkinson’s disease and comparison with patients with Essential Tremor.
Creators: name: Tommasino, Emanuele
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Biological effects

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders, with an overall prevalence of 0.9%-4.6%. Since the FDA approval after several preclinical and clinical trials, MRgFUS Vim thalamotomy is rapidly becoming an effective minimally invasive...