cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generic Multifractality in Exponentials of Long Memory Processes
Creators: name: Saichev, A.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that multifractal scaling is a robust property of a large class of continuous stochastic processes, constructed as exponentials of long-memory processes. The long memory is characterized by a power law kernel with tail exponent $ϕ+1/2$, where $ϕ>0$. This generalizes previous studies performed only with $ϕ=0$ (with a truncation at an integral scale), by showing that multifractality holds over a remarkably large range of dimensionless scales for $ϕ>0$. The intermittency multifractal coefficient can be tuned continuously as a function of the deviation $ϕ$ from 1/2 and of another parameter $σ^2$ embodying information on the short-range amplitude of the memory kernel, the ultra-violet cut-off (``viscous'') scale and the variance of the white-noise innovations. In these processes, both a viscous scale and an integral scale naturally appear, bracketing the ``inertial'' scaling regime. We exhibit a surprisingly good collapse of the multifractal spectra $ζ(q)$ on a universal scaling function, which enables us to derive high-order multifractal exponents from the small-order values and also obtain a given multifractal spectrum $ζ(q)$ by different combinations of $ϕ$ and $σ^2$.
description: 10 pages + 9 figures
Deep learning reconstruction of digital breast tomosynthesis images for accurate breast density and patient-specific radiation dose estimation
Creators: name: Teuwen, Jonas
name: Moriakov, Nikita
name: Fedon, Christian
name: Caballo, Marco
name: Reiser, Ingrid
name: Bakic, Pedrag
name: García, Eloy
name: Diaz, Oliver
name: Michielsen, Koen
name: Sechopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The two-dimensional nature of mammography makes estimation of the overall breast density challenging, and estimation of the true patient-specific radiation dose impossible. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a pseudo-3D technique, is now commonly used in breast cancer screening and diagnostics. Still, the severely limited 3rd dimension information in DBT has not been used, until now, to estimate the true breast density or the patient-specific dose. This study proposes a reconstruction algorithm for DBT based on deep learning specifically optimized for these tasks. The algorithm, which we name DBToR, is based on unrolling a proximal-dual optimization method. The proximal operators are replaced with convolutional neural networks and prior knowledge is included in the model. This extends previous work on a deep learning-based reconstruction model by providing both the primal and the dual blocks with breast thickness information, which is available in DBT. Training and testing of the model were performed using virtual patient phantoms from two different sources. Reconstruction performance, and accuracy in estimation of breast density and radiation dose, were estimated, showing high accuracy (density <+/-3%; dose <+/-20%) without bias, significantly improving on the current state-of-the-art. This work also lays the groundwork for developing a deep learning-based reconstruction algorithm for the task of image interpretation by radiologists.
description: Accepted in Medical Image Analysis
Influence of precipitable water vapor in and around tropical cyclones in the Caribbean: 2007-2010
Creators: name: Almanza, Vanessa
name: Braun, John
name: MuĂąoz, Ernesto
name: Hunt, Douglas
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

This study analyzes precipitable water vapor (PWV) in and around tropical cyclones (TC) over the Caribbean region. PWV is highly variable in time and space, and it is a potential energy source for tropical cyclone development. To characterize the PWV profile in and around TCs, observations of PWV are compared to PWV from an operational weather forecasting model for the years 2007-2010. PWV observations were gathered from the Suomi Network of ground-based Global Positioning System (GB-GPS) stations within a 1,000 km radius of a TC's center and categorized by storm strength. Maximum wind speeds and coordinates of storm centers were obtained from the North Atlantic Basin Hurricane Dataset. The Global Forecast System (GFS) model initializations of PWV were then linearly interpolated to the GB-GPS at a 6-hourly time resolution for comparison. The statistical analysis of PWV from the GPS and the GFS revealed a consistent overestimation of PWV in the GFS. This overestimation ranged from 2-4 mm at distances beyond 200 km from the storms' centers. However, at distances within 100 km from the storms' centers, the average PWV was underestimated by the GFS in the tropical storm category. The GFS model error was greatest at approximately 200 km from storm centers. Statistics correlating PWV and storm strengths of Category 3 and higher were inconclusive due to lack of observations. This study thus provides adequate analysis of PWV for TC strengths below Category 3, and this can be useful for improving tropical cyclone forecasts.
Interconnect Challenges in Highly Integrated MEMS/ASIC Subsystems
Creators: name: Marenco, N.
name: Warnat, S.
name: Reinert, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Micromechanical devices like accelerometers or rotation sensors form an increasing segment beneath the devices supplying the consumer market. A hybrid integration approach to build smart sensor clusters for the precise detection of movements in all spatial dimensions requires a large toolbox of interconnect technologies, each with its own constraints regarding the total process integration. Specific challenges described in this paper are post-CMOS feedthroughs, front-to-front die contact arrays, vacuum-compliant lateral interconnect and fine-pitch solder balling to finally form a Chip-Scale System-in-Package (CSSiP).
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Quantum exam
Creators: name: An, Nguyen Ba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absolutely and asymptotically secure protocols for organizing an exam in a quantum way are proposed basing judiciously on multipartite entanglement. The protocols are shown to stand against common types of eavesdropping attack.
description: RevTex4, no figs
title: The normalisation of war: from the Korean War to the War on Terror
Creators: name: Hall, Jonny
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation studies the relationship between the American public and the wars waged in their name. Based on the puzzling degree of continuity in overseas counterterrorism campaigns between the George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump administrations, this dissertation developed into a broader project tracing the normalisation of war from the Korean War to 2021. More specifically, this dissertation proposes a novel analytical framework for understanding the initial puzzle motivating this study along with the broader relationship in question. This dissertation puts forward the normalisation framework, which employs a critical realist approach to incorporate the material and ideational elements of war by focusing on three key themes: mobilisation, prioritisation, and legitimation. These three themes provide a holistic and more complete account of the relationship between U.S. society and American wars than existent scholarship. Unlike some realist analysis, this dissertation stresses the interactions between policymaking and perceived public opinion. Though liberal scholarship does emphasise the influence of public opinion on U.S. foreign policy, this dissertation posits that warfighting strategies have increasingly externalised the burden of American wars, allowing governments to fight wars directly at odds with the still prevalent ideals of the American way of war. Contra critical constructivist literature, this dissertation highlights the varying salience of wars in the American political imaginary, arguing that wars have oftentimes been deprioritised instead of legitimated. These arguments are illustrated in the context of case studies across three periods: the Cold War, the advent of the risk era (1989-2001), and the War on Terror. By employing the normalisation framework and broadening the academic applications of military strategies to consider how they relate to society and public opinion, these investigations provide revisionist and original analysis of the conflicts under study. More generally, the insights offered by the framework established in this dissertation directly contributes to the study of war and public opinion.
JCMT POL-2 and BISTRO Survey observations of magnetic fields in the L1689 molecular cloud
Creators: name: Pattle, Kate
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Sadavoy, Sarah
name: Ward-Thompson, Derek
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Hoang, Thiem
name: Arzoumanian, Doris
name: Bastien, Pierre
name: Bourke, Tyler L.
name: Coudé, Simon
name: Doi, Yasuo
name: Eswaraiah, Chakali
name: Fanciullo, Lapo
name: Furuya, Ray S.
name: Hwang, Jihye
name: Hull, Charles L. H.
name: Kang, Jihyun
name: Kim, Kee-Tae
name: Kirchschlager, Florian
name: Kwon, Jungmi
name: Kwon, Woojin
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Liu, Tie
name: Redman, Matt
name: Soam, Archana
name: Tahani, Mehrnoosh
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Tang, Xindi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 850$μ$m polarization observations of the L1689 molecular cloud, part of the nearby Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex, taken with the POL-2 polarimeter on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We observe three regions of L1689: the clump L1689N which houses the IRAS 16293-2422 protostellar system, the starless clump SMM-16, and the starless core L1689B. We use the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method to estimate plane-of-sky field strengths of $366\pm 55$ $μ$G in L1689N, $284\pm 34$ $μ$G in SMM-16, and $72\pm 33$ $μ$G in L1689B, for our fiducial value of dust opacity. These values indicate that all three regions are likely to be magnetically trans-critical with sub-Alfvénic turbulence. In all three regions, the inferred mean magnetic field direction is approximately perpendicular to the local filament direction identified in $Herschel$ Space Telescope observations. The core-scale field morphologies for L1689N and L1689B are consistent with the cloud-scale field morphology measured by the $Planck$ Space Observatory, suggesting that material can flow freely from large to small scales for these sources. Based on these magnetic field measurements, we posit that accretion from the cloud onto L1689N and L1689B may be magnetically regulated. However, in SMM-16, the clump-scale field is nearly perpendicular to the field seen on cloud scales by $Planck$, suggesting that it may be unable to efficiently accrete further material from its surroundings.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Letter from J. Corbet at The Canadian Bank of Commerce to "Sir" [James Goldie], November 4, 1914
Creators: name: Canadian Bank Of Commerce
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to "Sir" [James Goldie] from J. Corbet at The Canadian Bank of Commerce, dated November 4, 1914, advising James Goldie that the account is overdrawn.
Quantization dimensions of compactly supported probability measures via Rényi dimensions
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Niemann, Aljoscha
name: Zhu, Sanguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 42B35, 45D05

description: We provide a complete picture of the upper quantization dimension in terms of the Rényi dimension by proving that the upper quantization dimension $\bar{D}_{r}(ν)$ of order $r>0$ for an arbitrary compactly supported Borel probability measure $ν$ is given by its Rényi dimension at the point $q_{r}$ where the $L^{q}$-spectrum of $ν$ and the line through the origin with slope $r$ intersect. In particular, this proves the continuity of $r\mapsto\bar{D}_{r}(ν)$ as conjectured by Lindsay (2001). This viewpoint also sheds new light on the connection of the quantization problem with other concepts from fractal geometry in that we obtain a one-to-one correspondence of the upper quantization dimension and the $L^{q}$-spectrum restricted to $\left(0,1\right)$. We give sufficient conditions in terms of the $L^{q}$-spectrum for the existence of the quantization dimension. In this way we show as a byproduct that the quantization dimension exists for every Gibbs measure with respect to a $\mathcal{C}^{1}$-self- conformal iterated function system on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ without any assumption on the separation conditions as well as for inhomogeneous self-similar measures under the inhomogeneous open sets condition. Some known general bounds on the quantization dimension in terms of other fractal dimensions can readily be derived from our new approach, some can be improved.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Semi-empirical functions describing the response of short-lived radicals to their driving forces in the WRF/Chem Model
Creators: name: Morales, Annareli
name: Hodzic, Alma
name: Madronich, Sasha
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Hydroxyl radicals
Photochemistry
CBM-Z
SAPRC

Short-lived radicals play a key role in the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. They oxidize pollutants, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH₄), making them more soluble and therefore easier to remove by wet or dry deposition. Without these radicals, tropospheric pollution would accumulate to much higher levels and have a stronger negative effect on our climate and health. To understand short-lived radicals, i.e., hydroxyl radical (OH), we evaluated them against the environmental and chemical driving factors that, theoretically, should control them. We use a semi-empirical function (SEF) that is linear in log space, whose slopes represent the "normalized sensitivity coefficients". These coefficients describe how sensitive a radical is with respect to changes in the individual driver, e.g., atmospheric water vapor (H₂O), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the ultraviolet photolysis coefficient for NO₂ (J(NO₂)). Using the output from the WRF/Chem model and the sensitivity coefficients calculated from the NCAR Master Mechanism box model, we evaluated the chemical concentrations with respect to the SEF and found a linear relation with a reduction in scatter compared to the correlations with each individual driver. However, multiple correlation lines were identified, and their origins were traced to WRF/Chem's use of different chemical mechanisms over land, ocean, and near the domain boundaries. Therefore, these correlations may provide a powerful technique for comparing models with one another and with measurements, specifically with field campaign observations (like those of MIRAGE) for evaluating the representation of fast radical photochemistry in three-dimensional chemistry-transport models (such as WRF/Chem).
Constraints on an optical afterglow and on supernova light following the short burst GRB 050813
Creators: name: Ferrero, P.
name: Sanchez, S. F.
name: Kann, D. A.
name: Klose, S.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Henden, A. A.
name: Møller, P.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Rau, A.
name: Stecklum, B.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Pian, E.
name: Tanvir, N.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report early follow-up observations of the error box of the short burst 050813 using the telescopes at Calar Alto and at Observatorio Sierra Nevada (OSN), followed by deep VLT/FORS2 I-band observations obtained under very good seeing conditions 5.7 and 11.7 days after the event. Neither a fading afterglow, nor a rising SN component was found, so the potential GRB host galaxy has not been identified based on a comparison of the two VLT images taken at different epoches. We discuss if any of the galaxies present in the original 10 arcsec XRT error circle could be the host. In any case, the optical afterglow of GRB 050813 was of very low luminosity. We conclude that all these properties are consistent with the binary compact merger hypothesis for the progenitor of GRB 050813.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. Major revisions have been carried out and a figure has been added
Traffic Control At Stop Sign Approaches
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this report were to: a) determine the number of crashes in Kentucky involving a driver disregarding a stop sign and the locations where these occur, b) determine the characteristics of these crashes, c) investigate loca tions with a large number of this type of crash, and d) make recommendations to reduce the probability of a driver disregarding a stop sign. The majority of the analyses involved a review and analysis of crashes where a stop sign was listed as the traffic control and “disregarding the tra ffic control” was listed as a contributing factor. Intersections having a high number of this type of crash were identified with most of these intersections inspected. Using the results of the analysis, recommendations were made which could be considered to reduce the number of this type of crash.
On the high density behavior of Hamming codes with fixed minimum distance
Creators: name: Parisi, G.
name: Zamponi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We discuss the high density behavior of a system of hard spheres of diameter d on the hypercubic lattice of dimension n, in the limit n -> oo, d -> oo, d/n=delta. The problem is relevant for coding theory. We find a solution to the equations describing the liquid up to very large values of the density, but we show that this solution gives a negative entropy for the liquid phase when the density is large enough. We then conjecture that a phase transition towards a different phase might take place, and we discuss possible scenarios for this transition. Finally we discuss the relation between our results and known rigorous bounds on the maximal density of the system.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Deeg, Alexander: Das äußere Wort und seine liturgische Gestalt
Creators: name: Basdekis, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 61 Nr. 3 (2012): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 61, Heft 3
Single-parameter aging in the weakly nonlinear limit
Creators: name: Mehri, Saeed
name: Costigliola, Lorenzo
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical aging deals with slow property changes over time caused by molecular rearrangements. This is relevant for non-crystalline materials like polymers and inorganic glasses, both in production and during subsequent use. The Narayanaswamy theory from 1971 describes physical aging - an inherently nonlinear phenomenon - in terms of a linear convolution integral over the so-called material time $ξ$. The resulting "Tool-Narayanaswamy (TN) formalism" is generally recognized to provide an excellent description of physical aging for small, but still highly nonlinear temperature variations. The simplest version of the TN formalism is single-parameter aging according to which the clock rate $dξ/dt$ is an exponential function of the property monitored [T. Hecksher et al., J. Chem. Phys. 142, 241103 (2015)]. For temperature jumps starting from thermal equilibrium, this leads to a first-order differential equation for property monitored, involving a system-specific function. The present paper shows analytically that the solution to this equation to first order in the temperature variation has a universal expression in terms of the zeroth-order solution, $R_0(t)$. Numerical data for a binary Lennard-Jones glass former probing the potential energy confirm that, in the weakly nonlinear limit, the theory predicts aging correctly from $R_0(t)$ (which by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is the normalized equilibrium potential-energy time-autocorrelation function).
Development of Procedures for Identifying High-Crash Locations and Prioritizing Safety Improvements
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: O'Connell, Lenahan
name: Green, Eric R.
name: Kreis, Doug
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
name: Tollner, Neil
name: Thompson, Eric C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this study were to review and analyze the current procedures for identifying high-crash locations and evaluating and prioritizing roadway safety improvements at high-crash locations, and to recommend improved methods. Several tasks were undertaken to accomplish these objectives, including the following:      Review of program guidelines and procedures used by other states to prioritize improvements at high-crash locations     Review and documentation of Kentucky’s current procedures     Update of Kentucky’s Crash Buildup Program software to be compatible with the 2000 crash report form     Development of new software to assist in estimating the benefits and costs of potential projects for inclusion in the Hazard Elimination Program     Conversion of the dynamic programming software from mainframe to PC  Results from the study include improved methods for identifying high-frequency crash locations and prioritizing those locations after preliminary analyses indicated a need to consider improvements at a crash site. Software was developed to produce a generalized estimate of the benefits and costs of potential projects for inclusion in the Hazard Elimination Program. Features included the following: 1) a menu of types of improvement projects and related reduction factors; 2) algorithms for calculating the present worth of annual benefits from crash reductions; and 3) benefit-cost comparisons for each project. The user must enter an estimate of project costs in order to estimate the benefit-cost ratio for the proposed improvement at a highway segment.  Revisions were recommended for updating and enhancing the Crash Buildup Program to achieve compatibility with the current crash data report form and for translating the dynamic programming module from a mainframe operation to a PC-based system. It appears that an increased level of functionality has been achieved as a result of the series of modifications and improvements.
Experimental Characterization of the static behaviour of microcatntilevers electrostatically actuated
Creators: name: Ballestra, A.
name: Brusa, E.
name: Munteanu, M. G.
name: Soma, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper concerns the experimental validation of some mathematical models previously developed by the authors, to predict the static behaviour of microelectrostatic actuators, basically free-clamped microbeams. This layout is currently used in RF-MEMS design operation or even in material testing at microscale. The analysis investigates preliminarily the static behaviour of a set of microcantilevers bending in-plane. This investigation is aimed to distinguish the geometrical linear behaviour, exhibited under small displacement assumption, from the geometrical nonlinearity, caused by large deflection. The applied electromechanical force, which nonlinearly depends on displacement, charge and voltage, is predicted by a coupled-field approach, based on numerical methods and herewith experimentally validated, by means of a Fogale Zoomsurf 3D. Model performance is evaluated on pull-in prediction and on the curve displacement vs. voltage. In fact, FEM nonlinear solution performed by a coupled-field approach, available on commercial codes, and by a FEM non-incremental approach are compared with linear solution, for different values of the design parameters.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
2003 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Green, Eric R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to establish 2003 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky. The 2003 su rvey continues to document the results after enactment of a statewide mandatory safety belt law in 1994 and safety belt enforcement campaign. Data were collect ed at 200 randomly selected sites spread across Kentucky. Data from the individual sites were combined into a statewide percentage considering roadway functional classification, geographic region, and vehicle miles traveled.  The data show that the usage rate in 2003 (65.5 percent) was higher than that in 2002 (62.0 percent). This compared to 61.9 percent in 2001, 60 percent in 2000, 59 percent in 1999, 54 percent in 1998, 1997 and 1995, 55 percent in 1996, and 58 percent in 1994. The current usage is substantially above the 1993 level, prior to enactment of the statewide law, of 42 percent.  The 2003 statewide usage rate for chil dren under the age of four was determined to be 94.8 percent. This co ntinues the high rate found for this age category and compares to the prev ious high of 92.9 percent in 2002.  The statewide law, except for children, involves secondary enforcement. The high usage rate for children can be relate d to primary enforcement. To obtain the maximum possible increase in usage, the current law should be modified to allow primary, rather than secondary, enforc ement for all vehicle occupants. The potential increase which can result from an emphasis on enforcement was shown by the results obtained during the enforcem ent period of this year’s “Buckle Up Kentucky: It’s the Law & It’s Enforced” campaign. As a minimum, primary enforcement should apply to drivers while they are in the permit and intermediate phase of the graduated license program.
Electron spin resonance and collective excitations in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Morissette, Erin
name: Lin, Jiang-Xiazi
name: Sun, Dihao
name: Zhang, Liangji
name: Liu, Song
name: Rhodes, Daniel
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Hone, James
name: Pollanen, Johannes
name: Scheurer, Mathias S.
name: Lilly, Michael
name: Mounce, Andrew
name: Li, J. I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a strongly correlated system, collective excitations contain key information regarding the electronic order of the underlying ground state. An abundance of collective modes in the spin and valley isospin channels of magic-angle graphene moiré bands has been alluded to by a series of recent experiments. However, direct observation of collective excitations has remained elusive due to the lack of a spin probe. In this work, we use a resistively-detected electron spin resonance technique to look for low-energy collective excitations in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. We report direct observation of collective modes in the form of microwave-induced resonance near half filling of the moiré flatbands. The frequency-magnetic field dependence of these resonance modes sheds light onto the nature of intervalley spin coupling, allowing us to extract parameters such as intervalley exchange interaction and spin stiffness. Two independent observations testify that the generation and detection of the microwave resonance relies on the strong correlation within the flat moiré energy band. First, the onset of robust resonance response coincides with the spontaneous flavor polarization at half moiré filling, and remains absent in the density range where the underlying Fermi surface is isospin unpolarized. Second, we performed the same resonance measurement on graphene monolayer and bilayer samples, including twisted bilayer with a large twist angle, where flatband physics is absent. We observe no indication of resonance response in these samples across a large range of carrier density, microwave frequency and power. A natural explanation is that the resonance response near the magic angle originates from "Dirac revivals" and the resulting isospin order.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures and supplementary information; updated discussion and data from 4 additional samples
Improvements to Pan-STARRS1 Astrometry Using Gaia
Creators: name: Lubow, Stephen H.
name: White, Richard L.
name: Shiao, Bernie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Gaia DR2 catalog to improve the astrometric accuracy of about 1.7 billion objects in Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 2 (PS1 DR2). We also obtain proper motions for these PS1 objects. The cross match between Gaia and PS1 reveals residuals that are correlated on a scale of about 1 arcmin. We apply a spatially adaptive correction algorithm for all PS1 objects having more than two detections to reduce these residuals and align the object positions to Gaia. For point-like PS1 objects that cross match to Gaia, the algorithm reduces PS1/Gaia residuals by 33% in position (median value of 13.5 mas reduced to 9.0 mas) and by 24% in proper motion (median value of 6.3 mas/yr reduced to 4.8 mas/yr). The residuals for the corrected positions are smallest for objects with the most point-like morphologies and with intermediate magnitudes of about 17 mag. The residual errors in declination are systematically larger than those in right ascension; the declination errors increase with zenith angle in proportion to the air mass of the observations. Declination positional residuals at a given declination generally vary with color and are consistent with the effects of differential atmospheric refraction. In principle, these residuals could be reduced further by taking into account object color.
description: 22 pages, 31 figures
Commuting holonomies and rigidity of holomorphic foliations
Creators: name: Movasati, Hossein
name: Nakai, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R30, 14D99, 32G34

description: In this article we study deformations of a holomorphic foliation with a generic non-rational first integral in the complex plane. We consider two vanishing cycles in a regular fiber of the first integral with a non-zero self intersection and with vanishing paths which intersect each other only at their start points. It is proved that if the deformed holonomies of such vanishing cycles commute then the deformed foliation has also a first integral. Our result generalizes a similar result of Ilyashenko on the rigidity of holomorphic foliations with a persistent center singularity. The main tools of the proof are Picard-Lefschetz theory and the theory of iterated integrals for such deformations.
description: 6 pages
Uncertainty Relations in Pre- and Post-Selected Systems
Creators: name: Sahil
name: Sohail
name: Ghosh, Sibasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we derive Robertson-Heisenberg like uncertainty relation for two incompatible observables in a pre- and post-selected (PPS) system. The newly defined standard deviation and the uncertainty relation in the PPS system have physical meanings which we present here. We demonstrate two unusual properties in the PPS system using our uncertainty relation. First, for commuting observables, the lower bound of the uncertainty relation in the PPS system does not become zero even if the initially prepared state i.e., pre-selection is the eigenstate of both the observables when specific post-selections are considered. This implies that for such case, two commuting observables can disturb each other's measurement results which is in fully contrast with the Robertson-Heisenberg uncertainty relation. Secondly, unlike the standard quantum system, the PPS system makes it feasible to prepare sharply a quantum state (pre-selection) for non-commuting observables {(to be detailed in the main text)}. Some applications of uncertainty and uncertainty relation in the PPS system are provided: $(i)$ detection of mixedness of an unknown state, $(ii)$ stronger uncertainty relation in the standard quantum system, ($iii$) ``purely quantum uncertainty relation" that is, the uncertainty relation which is not affected (i.e., neither increasing nor decreasing) under the classical mixing of quantum states, $(iv)$ state dependent tighter uncertainty relation in the standard quantum system, and $(v)$ tighter upper bound for the out-of-time-order correlation function.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, new results added, presentation modified
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, November 10, 1914
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated November 10, 1914, regarding the bank statement and James Goldie's ideas on how to keep the Ranch going.
Quantifying the role of tropospheric relative humidity on the development of tropical cyclones
Creators: name: Ríos-Berríos, Rosimar
name: Tang, Brian
name: Chen, Shuyi
name: Holzhauer, Victoria
name: Smith, Amy
name: Vincente, Vanessa
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

The sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) development to environmental moisture is studied using a two-dimensional, axisymmetric model. The model is initialized with tropospheric relative humidities (RH) ranging from 0% to 100%. Generally, the moister the initial environment, the shorter the amount of time it takes for a TC to develop. Moistening of the full troposphere in the TC inner core is a key ingredient for genesis to occur. Downdraft activity slows TC development by transporting drier, cooler air into the boundary layer. The precipitation efficiency, conversion of available potential energy efficiency and normalized gross moist stability (NGMS) are calculated to quantify the effects of the initial environmental moisture on the spin up process. Precipitation efficiency in the inner core increases with time, albeit more slowly the drier the initial condition, which reflects a gradual moistening of the troposphere and increasing net latent heating. In the drier simulations, available potential energy is used to moisten the troposphere rather than spin up the TCs' winds. Only when the inner-core is nearly saturated does the conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy become more efficient. Initially negative values of the NGMS in the drier simulations indicate bottom-heavy convection and a shallow overturning circulation. Comparison with three-dimensional forecasts with various moisture environments (RH ranging from about 45-65%) from a high-resolution, full-physics model shows that TC development occurs on a different time scale than in the two-dimensional simulations. Additionally, it is hypothesized that rainbands moisten the outer region and protect the inner core from entrainment of dry air.
Transmission based tomography for spin qubits
Creators: name: Sharma, Amritesh
name: Tulapurkar, Ashwin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of static spin qubits embedded in a one-dimensional spin coherent channel and develop a scheme to readout the state of one and two qubits separately. We use unpolarized flying qubits for this purpose that scatter off from the static qubits due to the Heisenberg exchange interaction. Analysing the transmission coefficient as a function of density matrix elements along with additional unitary gates we reconstruct the state of static qubits.
description: comments on the paper are welcome
Nanobiosensors based on individual olfactory receptors
Creators: name: Pajot-Augy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the SPOT-NOSED European project, nanoscale sensing elements bearing olfactory receptors and grafted onto functionalized gold substrates are used as odorant detectors to develop a new concept of nanobioelectronic nose, through sensitive impedancemetric measurement of single receptor conformational change upon ligand binding, with a better specificity and lower detection threshold than traditional physical sensors.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Entanglement spectra of non-chiral topological (2+1)-dimensional phases with strong time-reversal breaking, Li-Haldane state counting, and PEPS
Creators: name: Arildsen, Mark J.
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Ludwig, Andreas W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Li-Haldane correspondence [PRL 101, 010504 (2008)] is often used to help identify wave functions of (2+1)-D chiral topological phases (i.e., with non-zero chiral central charge) by studying low-lying entanglement spectra (ES) on long cylinders of finite circumference. Here we consider such ES of states [in fact, certain Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS)] that are not chiral (i.e., having zero chiral central charge), but which strongly break time-reversal as well as reflection symmetry, while preserving their product, the same symmetry as a chiral state. This leads to ES with branches of both right- and left-moving chiralities, but with vastly different velocities. For circumferences much smaller than the inverse entanglement gap scale, the low-lying ES appear chiral in some topological sectors, and precisely follow the Li-Haldane state counting of a truly chiral phase. This could lead one to misidentify the phase as chiral. However, considering the ES in all sectors, one can observe distinct differences from a chiral phase. We explore this in an $SU(3)$ spin liquid PEPS studied by Kurečić, et al. [PRB 99, 045116 (2019)], where the topologically trivial sector has the state counting of a chiral $SU(3)$-level-one [$SU(3)_1$] Conformal Field Theory (CFT). In fact, the PEPS has $D(\mathbb{Z}_3)$ topological order, with 9 sectors. We compute the ES in minimally entangled states corresponding to these sectors, which map to the 9 anyon types of doubled $SU(3)_1$ Chern-Simons Topological Field Theory. The state countings of the ES coincide with our expectation: the ES contain irreps of global $SU(3)$ symmetry from the tensor products of the (lowest-lying) irrep of primary states of a "high-velocity" chiral $SU(3)_1$ CFT with the full content of a "low-velocity" chiral $SU(3)_1$ CFT sector, a non-chiral structure beyond that observable in the topologically trivial sector of the ES.
description: 47 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. As published
Abelian connection in Fedosov deformation quantization. I. The 2-dimensional phase space
Creators: name: Tosiek, Jaromir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C07;53D55

description: General properties of an Abelian connection in Fedosov deformation quantization are investigated. Definition and criterion of being a finite formal series for an Abelian connection are presented. A proof that in 2-dimensional (2-D) case the Abelian connection is an ifinite formal series is done.
description: 13 pages; new formulation of the criterion, when the Abelian connection is a finite formal series, is proposed. Modified proof of the fact, that on 2-D symplectic space the Abelian correction is an infinite formal series, is shown. The part devoted to different symplectic connections generating the same Abelian correction, has been removed. It will be added to another paper
Challenges and Opportunities of Computational Social Science for Official Statistics
Creators: name: Signorelli, Serena
name: Fontana, Matteo
name: Gabrielli, Lorenzo
name: Vespe, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The vast amount of data produced everyday (so-called 'digital traces') and available nowadays represent a gold mine for the social sciences, especially in a computational context, that allows to fully extract their informational and knowledge value. In the latest years, statistical offices have made efforts to profit from harnessing the potential offered by these new sources of data, with promising results. But how difficult is this integration process? What are the challenges that statistical offices would likely face to profit from new data sources and analytical methods? This chapter will start by setting the scene of the current official statistics system, with a focus on its fundamental principles and dimensions relevant to the use of non-traditional data. It will then present some experiments and proofs of concept in the context of data innovation for official statistics, followed by a discussion on prospective challenges related to sustainable data access, new technical and methodological approaches and effective use of new sources of data.
title: New insights into paleoproterozoic granular iron, formation deposition and paleo-environment from the ca. 1.88 Ga Sokoman iron formation, Labrador trough
Creators: name: Sindol, Gabriel P.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: The ca. 1.88 Ga Sokoman continental margin-type iron formation (IF) was studied by detailed mineral-chemical analyses of drill core to better understand tectonically stable, shallow-shelf marine environments of the late Paleoproterozoic. Suboxic (Fe-oxide-rich, including paragenetically early hematite) and anoxic (Fe-silicate/carbonate-rich) mineral paragenetic pathways operated during IF deposition; post-depositional alteration beyond late diagenesis/metamorphism was negligible. Chemostratigraphic variations in detrital element, rare earth element and yttrium (REE+Y), and redox-sensitive and nutrient-type trace element parameters, evaluated within a sequence-stratigraphic framework, were controlled by a combination of base-level fluctuations, terrigenous input, basin redox stratification, and microbial activity. The REE+Y in the Sokoman IF, like contemporaneous IF localities, exhibit several features reminiscent of modern seawater (LREE-depletion, small negative Ce anomalies, small positive La, Gd, and Y anomalies), but also strong positive Ce anomalies. This study reveals that the redoxcline was very shallow and likely spatially dynamic, producing separate Mn- and Fe-oxide shuttles controlled by different microbes. During Sokoman IF deposition, continental weathering of predominantly felsic Archean rocks under an oxygen-poor atmosphere and locally arid conditions limited the terrestrial supply of redox-sensitive and nutrient-type elements into the ocean, thus restricting the spatial extent of primary productivity to the photic zone of shallow-marine environments.
Analysis of Traffic Crash Data in Kentucky (1998 – 2002)
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
name: Barrett, Monica L.
name: Green, Eric R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report documents an analysis of traffic crash data in Kentucky for the years of 1998 through 2002. A primary objective of this study was to determine average crash statistics for Kentucky highways. Average and critical numbers and rates of crashes were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These data can be used in Kentucky’s procedure to identify locations that have abnormal rates or numbers of crashes.  The other primary objective of this study was to provide data that can be used in the preparation of the problem identification portion of Kentucky’s Annual Highway Safety Plan. County and city crash statistics were analyzed. A summary of results and recommendations in several problem identification areas is presented. These general areas include alcohol involvement, occupant protection, speed, teenage drivers, pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, trucks, and vehicle defects. Other areas included in the analysis for which specific recommendations were not made include drug involvement, school bus crashes, and train crashes.  The police report was changed starting in January 2000. Some of the codes were changed from previous years, which may result in changes in some of the data. Also, the crash data are now contained in the Collision Report Analysis for Safer Highways (CRASH) data base. This data base is updated daily so the number of crashes in a given calendar year will continue to change for a substantial time after the end of that year.
Infrared dust emission in the outer disk of M51
Creators: name: Thornley, Michele D.
name: Braine, Jonathan
name: Gardan, Erwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine faint infrared emission features detected in Spitzer Space Telescope images of M51, which are associated with atomic hydrogen in the outer disk and tidal tail at R greater than R_25 (4.9', ~14 kpc at d=9.6 Mpc). The infrared colors of these features are consistent with the colors of dust associated with star formation in the bright disk. However, the star formation efficiency (as a ratio of star formation rate to neutral gas mass) implied in the outer disk is lower than that in the bright disk of M51 by an order of magnitude, assuming a similar relationship between infrared emission and star formation rate in the inner and outer disks.
description: 13 pages in manuscript form, 2 figures; download PDF of manuscript with original-resolution Figure 1 at http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/physics/thornley/thornleym51.pdf