cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Value Distributions of Perfect Nonlinear Functions
Creators: name: Kölsch, Lukas
name: Polujan, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the value distributions of perfect nonlinear functions, i.e., we investigate the sizes of image and preimage sets. Using purely combinatorial tools, we develop a framework that deals with perfect nonlinear functions in the most general setting, generalizing several results that were achieved under specific constraints. For the particularly interesting elementary abelian case, we derive several new strong conditions and classification results on the value distributions. Moreover, we show that most of the classical constructions of perfect nonlinear functions have very specific value distributions, in the sense that they are almost balanced. Consequently, we completely determine the possible value distributions of vectorial Boolean bent functions with output dimension at most 4. Finally, using the discrete Fourier transform, we show that in some cases value distributions can be used to determine whether a given function is perfect nonlinear, or to decide whether given perfect nonlinear functions are equivalent.
description: 28 pages. minor revisions of the previous version. The paper is now identical to the published version, outside of formatting
Two-leg fermionic Hubbard ladder system in the presence of state-dependent hopping
Creators: name: Uchino, Shun
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-leg fermionic Hubbard ladder model with a state-dependent hopping. We find that, contrary to the case without a state-dependent hopping, for which the system has a superfluid nature regardless of the sign of the interaction at incommensurate filling, in the presence of such a hopping a spin-triplet superfluid, spin- density wave and charge-density wave phases emerge. We examine our results in the light of recent experiments on periodically-driven optical lattices in cold atoms. We give protocols allowing us to realize the spin-triplet superfluid elusive in the cold atoms.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Slave fermion interpretation of the pseudogap in doped Mott insulators
Creators: name: Long, Zhuoqing
name: Wang, Jiangfan
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the recently developed slave fermion approach to study the doped Mott insulator in the one-band Hubbard and Hubbard-Heisenberg models. Our results produce several subtle features in the electron spectra and confirm the key role of antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlations in the appearance of the pseudogap. Upon hole doping, the electron spectra exhibit a single peak near the Fermi energy in the local approximation of the Hubbard model where AFM correlations are not included. When AFM correlations are included through an explicit mean-field Heisenberg interaction, a second peak emerges at slightly lower energy and pushes the other peak to higher energy, so that a pseudogap emerges between the two peaks at small doping. Both peaks grow rapidly with increasing doping and eventually merge together, where the pseudogap no longer exists. Detailed analyses of the spectral evolution with doping and the strength of the Heisenberg interaction confirm that the lower-energy peak comes from a polaronic mechanism due to the holon-spinon interaction in the AFM-correlated background and the higher-energy peak arises from the holon hybridization to form the electron quasiparticles. Thus, the pseudogap arises from the interplay of the polaronic and hybridization mechanisms. Our results are in good agreement with previous numerical calculations using the dynamical mean-field theory and its cluster extensions, but give a clearer picture of the underlying physics. Our work provides a promising perspective for clarifying the nature of doped Mott insulators and may serve as a starting point for more elaborate investigations in the future.
Entropic forces in a non-equilibrium system: Flocks of birds
Creators: name: Castellana, Michele
name: Bialek, William
name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Giardina, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: When birds come together to form a flock, the distribution of their individual velocities narrows around the mean velocity of the flock. We argue that, in a broad class of models for the joint distribution of positions and velocities, this narrowing generates an entropic force that opposes the cohesion of the flock. The strength of this force depends strongly on the nature of the interactions among birds: if birds are coupled to a fixed number of neighbors, the entropic forces are weak, while if they couple to all other birds within a fixed distance, the entropic forces are sufficient to tear a flock apart. Similar entropic forces should occur in other non-equilibrium systems. For the joint distribution of protein structures and amino-acid sequences, these forces favor the occurrence of "highly designable" structures.
On the Formation of Galactic Thick Disks
Creators: name: Minchev, I.
name: Martig, M.
name: Streich, D.
name: Scannapieco, C.
name: de Jong, R. S.
name: Steinmetz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent spectroscopic observations in the Milky Way suggest that the chemically defined thick disk (stars with high [alpha/Fe] ratios and thus old) has a significantly smaller scale-length than the thin disk. This is in apparent contradiction with observations of external edge-on galaxies, where the thin and thick components have comparable scale-lengths. Moreover, while observed disks do not flare (scale-height does not increase with radius), numerical simulations suggest that disk flaring is unavoidable, resulting from both environmental effects and secular evolution. Here we address these problems by studying two different suites of simulated galactic disks formed in the cosmological context. We show that the scale-heights of coeval populations always increase with radius. However, the total population can be decomposed morphologically into thin and thick disks, which do not flare. We relate this to the disk inside-out formation, where younger populations have increasingly larger scale-lengths and flare at progressively larger radii. In this new picture, thick disks are composed of the imbedded flares of mono-age stellar populations. Assuming that disks form inside out, we predict that morphologically defined thick disks must show a decrease in age (or [alpha/Fe] ratios) with radius and that coeval populations should always flare. This also explains the observed inversion in the metallicity and [alpha/Fe] gradients for stars away from the disk midplane in the Milky Way. The results of this work are directly linked to, and can be seen as evidence of, inside-out disk growth.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Probing the momentum-dependence of the symmetry potential by the free n/p ratio of preequilibrium emission
Creators: name: Liu, He-Lei
name: Yong, Gao-Chan
name: Wen, De-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an isospin and momentum-dependent transport model, we studied the effect of momentum-dependent symmetry potential on the free neutron to proton ratio of preequilibrium nucleon emission. It is found that for $^{132}Sn+^{124}Sn$ reaction at 400 MeV/nucleon incident beam energy, free n/p ratio of preequilibrium nucleon emission mainly probe the momentum-dependence of symmetry potential at nucleon momentum around 400 $\sim$ 600 MeV/c. Whereas for 200 MeV/nucleon incident beam energy, this observable mainly probe the momentum-dependence of symmetry potential at nucleon momentum around 200 $\sim$ 400 MeV/c. To probe the symmetry energy/potential using free n/p ratio, not all the details of the momentum-dependence of the symmetry potential are important, the values of symmetry potential at only certain momentum range are crucial for an observable. It is important to input reasonable density- and momentum-dependence of the symmetry potential according to the magnitude of incident beam energy of heavy-ion collisions. The present experimental data on the symmetry potential are not enough for probing the density-dependent symmetry energy. More experimental data (such as nucleon and nuclei's scattering experiments at different nucleonic momenta and densities) on the symmetry potential are therefore needed to pin down the density-dependent symmetry energy.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Improved local models and new Bell inequalities via Frank-Wolfe algorithms
Creators: name: Designolle, Sébastien
name: Iommazzo, Gabriele
name: Besançon, Mathieu
name: Knebel, Sebastian
name: Gelß, Patrick
name: Pokutta, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In Bell scenarios with two outcomes per party, we algorithmically consider the two sides of the membership problem for the local polytope: constructing local models and deriving separating hyperplanes, that is, Bell inequalities. We take advantage of the recent developments in so-called Frank-Wolfe algorithms to significantly increase the convergence rate of existing methods. As an application, we study the threshold value for the nonlocality of two-qubit Werner states under projective measurements. Here, we improve on both the upper and lower bounds present in the literature. Importantly, our bounds are entirely analytical; moreover, they yield refined bounds on the value of the Grothendieck constant of order three: $1.4367\leqslant K_G(3)\leqslant1.4546$. We also demonstrate the efficiency of our approach in multipartite Bell scenarios, and present the first local models for all projective measurements with visibilities noticeably higher than the entanglement threshold. We make our entire code accessible as a Julia library called BellPolytopes.jl.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
DTU Wind Energy metadata and terminology
Creators: name: Vasiljevic, Nikola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FAIR
RDA
wind energy

description: The main focus of the wind energy domain is to provide practical solutions that will result in cost-effective electricity produced from the wind. To achieve such goals, the wind energy domain is characterized as a multi-disciplinary domain, reusing, mixing and contributing to solutions in fields of Earth Sciences, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Material Science, Computer Science and Social Science. Due to multidisciplinarity it is essential to establish common terminology to boost sharing and reuse of data, and general understanding across the domain. In 2017, through the international collaboration with domain experts, several wind energy related taxonomies (e.g., research topics, external conditions, etc.) were developed to enable better description of published datasets. These taxonomies have been initially implemented in 2018 in DTU Data (university instance of figshare), and later in sharewind (instance of b2share). Recently, in the Marinet2 project we have proposed metadata schemas , by generalizing seadatanet standard, for data streams (i.e., recorded parameters) and datasets (collection of data streams) for preparing datasets in NetCDF format for publishing and preservation. To establish a controlled vocabulary of parameters, and thus assure same naming convention across datasets, we are fusing existing vocabularies from Earth Ocean domain (e.g., CF standard name convention, BODC) and terminologies used in IEC standards for wind turbine performance assessment. Follow up steps will be to build a collection of ‘standards’ for wind energy domain under FAIRsharing.org, work towards their implementation during the AWAKEN project, disseminate them through IEA Wind and EERA JP WIND.
445. An IgG4 related disease mammary manifestation mimicking breast cancer
Creators: name: Torres1, Rita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Presentation of Case: A fifty-eight-year-old female, with history of IgG4 related vasculitis, under rituximab (375 mg/m2, weekly for four weeks, every six months), methotrexate (25mg subcutaneous, weekly) and prednisolone (5mg daily) therapy, with low disease activity, presented in the Rheumatology appointment with left breast pain, with a two-week evolution. She denied fever, galactorrhea, and other symptoms. On the physical examination, it was obvious a left nipple inversion, the presence of orange peel like skin surrounding the aureole, a hard painful swelling with no defined limits located within the upper outer quadrant of the left breast and skin redness of the same area. She was empirically medicated with an antibiotic because there was a suspicion of mastitis; no clinical improvement was verified. Diagnostic Testing: Analitically, there was an increase in sedimentation velocity and C-reactive protein values, 58 mm/h and 4,5 mg/dL respectively. An ultrasound and mamography were requested. The ultrasound raised the hypothesis of breast cancer, reinforced by the findings in the mamography. In the positron emission tomography, it was visible an inflammatory process of the left breast. Simultaneously, the patient underwent a breast biopsy with six fragments for anathomopathology analysis. An intense mixed inflammatory infiltrate, with neutrophil granulocytes and vasculitis lesion, with no malignant neoplasm tissue were identified. Differential & Final Diagnosis: The subacute and progressive worsening evolution of the breast symptoms caused the main diagnostic hypothesis to be infectious and/or paraneoplastic mastitis, the latter being most likely due to the patient's age. At the same time, there was no history of weight loss, or other symptoms of systemic disease. The performance of breast biopsy allowed the definitive diagnosis of breast vasculitis. Discussion of Management: The patient then underwent treatment with methylprednisolone 1000mg daily, for 3 days, followed by prednisolone 1mg/kg/day. Concomitantly, the patient repeated the rituximab cycle - 375 mg/m2, weekly for four weeks, with a favorable clinical and analytical response. Conclusions: The breast involvement by IgG4 related disease has been described since 2005, under different denominations. However, this appears to be a rare manifestation of a very rare disease. Thus, because of its characteristics, the possibility of breast cancer should always be ruled out. Disclosures: None
Complex field reversal dynamics in nanomagnetic systems
Creators: name: Saccone, Michael
name: Caravelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanomagnetic materials, built from thin, patterned films of ferromagnetic materials, began as analogues to frustrated magnetism. Their low energy of operation and emergent properties make them strong candidates for physics based devices. A recent model of how nanomagnetic domains flip, the Glauber mean-field model, is used here to understand how systems of nanomagnets evolve when opposed by external field. This reversal can be expressed in an analytical form in the case of one-dimensional chains and trees at zero temperature, where the cascade of spin flips gives rise to harmonic power spectra. The same cascades in two and three dimensions form fractal field reversal clusters whose shape depends on the strength of the field and the tuning of interactions between nanomagnets.
description: 10 pages
Synchronization Patterns in Geometrically Frustrated Turing Rings
Creators: name: Goldstein, Daniel
name: Giver, Michael
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled nonlinear oscillators can exhibit a wide variety of patterns. We study the Brusselator as a prototypical autocatalytic reaction diffusion model. Working in the limit of strong nonlinearity provides a clear timescale separation that leads to a canard explosion in a single Brusselator. In this highly nonlinear regime it is numerically found that rings of coupled Brusselators do not follow the predictions from Turning analysis. We find that the behavior can be explained using a piecewise linear approximation.
description: 15 Pages, 10 Figures, 2 Tabels
A Validated Finite Element Model for Room Acoustic Treatments with Edge Absorbers
Creators: name: Kraxberger, Florian
name: Kurz, Eric
name: Weselak, Werner
name: Kubin, Gernot
name: Kaltenbacher, Manfred
name: Schoder, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Porous acoustic absorbers have excellent properties in the low-frequency range when positioned in room edges, therefore they are a common method for reducing low-frequency reverberation. However, standard room acoustic simulation methods such as ray tracing and mirror sources are invalid for low frequencies in general which is a consequence of using geometrical methods, yielding a lack of simulation tools for these so-called edge absorbers. In this article, a validated finite element simulation model is presented, which is able to predict the effect of an edge absorber on the acoustic field. With this model, the interaction mechanisms between room and absorber can be studied by high-resolved acoustic field visualizations in both room and absorber. The finite element model is validated against transfer function data computed from impulse response measurements in a reverberation chamber in style of ISO 354. The absorber made of Basotect is modeled using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge model, which is fitted to impedance tube measurements using the four-microphone transfer matrix method. It is shown that the finite element simulation model is able to predict the influence of different edge absorber configurations on the measured transfer functions to a high degree of accuracy. The evaluated third-octave band error exhibits deviations of 3.25dB to 4.11dB computed from third-octave band averaged spectra.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, Preprint submitted to Acta Acustica
Phonon-mediated transresistivity in a double-layer composite Fermion system
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We consider the frictional drag in a double-layer system of two-dimensional electrons in the half-filled lowest Landau level. At sufficiently large interlayer separations the drag is dominated by the exchange of acoustic phonons and exhibits a variety of dependencies on temperature and distance between the layers. In all of the regimes, the phonon-mediated drag is found to be strongly enhanced compared to that in zero magnetic field.
Coulomb drag in double layers with correlated disorder
Creators: name: Yashenkin, A.G.
name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
name: Gornyi, I.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We study the effect of correlations between impurity potentials in different layers on the Coulomb drag in a double-layer electron system. It is found that for strongly correlated potentials the drag in the diffusive regime is substantially enhanced compared to what is conventionally predicted. The appropriate experimental conditions are discussed, and the new experiments are suggested.
A Federated Learning Benchmark for Drug-Target Interaction
Creators: name: Mittone, Gianluca
name: Svoboda, Filip
name: Aldinucci, Marco
name: Lane, Nicholas D.
name: Lio, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Aggregating pharmaceutical data in the drug-target interaction (DTI) domain has the potential to deliver life-saving breakthroughs. It is, however, notoriously difficult due to regulatory constraints and commercial interests. This work proposes the application of federated learning, which we argue to be reconcilable with the industry's constraints, as it does not require sharing of any information that would reveal the entities' data or any other high-level summary of it. When used on a representative GraphDTA model and the KIBA dataset it achieves up to 15% improved performance relative to the best available non-privacy preserving alternative. Our extensive battery of experiments shows that, unlike in other domains, the non-IID data distribution in the DTI datasets does not deteriorate FL performance. Additionally, we identify a material trade-off between the benefits of adding new data, and the cost of adding more clients.
description: This paper is the accepted version of ACM copyrighted material published at the WWW'23 conference
Probing large-scale wind structures in Vela X-1 using off-states with INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Sidoli, L.
name: Paizis, A.
name: Fuerst, F.
name: Torrejon, J. M.
name: Kretschmar, P.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Pottschmidt, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vela X-1 is the prototype of the class of wind-fed accreting pulsars in high mass X-ray binaries hosting a supergiant donor. We have analyzed in a systematic way ten years of INTEGRAL data of Vela X-1 (22-50 keV) and we found that when outside the X-ray eclipse, the source undergoes several luminosity drops where the hard X-rays luminosity goes below 3x10^35 erg/s, becoming undetected by INTEGRAL. These drops in the X-ray flux are usually referred to as "off-states" in the literature. We have investigated the distribution of these off-states along the Vela X-1 ~8.9 d orbit, finding that their orbital occurrence displays an asymmetric distribution, with a higher probability to observe an off-state near the pre-eclipse than during the post-eclipse. This asymmetry can be explained by scattering of hard X-rays in a region of ionized wind, able to reduce the source hard X-ray brightness preferentially near eclipse ingress. We associate this ionized large-scale wind structure with the photoionization wake produced by the interaction of the supergiant wind with the X-ray emission from the neutron star. We emphasize that this observational result could be obtained thanks to the accumulation of a decade of INTEGRAL data, with observations covering the whole orbit several times, allowing us to detect an asymmetric pattern in the orbital distribution of off-states in Vela X-1.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (5 pages, 3 figures). A few typos fixed to match the published version
Experimenting with Emerging RISC-V Systems for Decentralised Machine Learning
Creators: name: Mittone, Gianluca
name: Tonci, Nicolò
name: Birke, Robert
name: Colonnelli, Iacopo
name: Medić, Doriana
name: Bartolini, Andrea
name: Esposito, Roberto
name: Parisi, Emanuele
name: Beneventi, Francesco
name: Polato, Mirko
name: Torquati, Massimo
name: Benini, Luca
name: Aldinucci, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decentralised Machine Learning (DML) enables collaborative machine learning without centralised input data. Federated Learning (FL) and Edge Inference are examples of DML. While tools for DML (especially FL) are starting to flourish, many are not flexible and portable enough to experiment with novel processors (e.g., RISC-V), non-fully connected network topologies, and asynchronous collaboration schemes. We overcome these limitations via a domain-specific language allowing us to map DML schemes to an underlying middleware, i.e. the FastFlow parallel programming library. We experiment with it by generating different working DML schemes on x86-64 and ARM platforms and an emerging RISC-V one. We characterise the performance and energy efficiency of the presented schemes and systems. As a byproduct, we introduce a RISC-V porting of the PyTorch framework, the first publicly available to our knowledge.
description: This paper is the accepted version of ACM copyrighted material presented at the CF'23 conference in Bologna, Italy
A Critical Examination of Spatial Skills Assessment: Validity, Bias, and Technology
Creators: name: Bartlett, Kristin Alicia
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520401
subject: Cognition
classificationCode: 390113
subject: Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 520502
subject: Gender psychology
classificationCode: 460701
subject: Computer aided design

description: At the highest level, this dissertation is a case study on how bias can become encoded into the tools used to measure a construct and into the very definition of the construct itself. In this case, the construct is spatial ability. This dissertation focuses on the validity and accuracy of spatial tests and illuminates gender bias that is interwoven with the history of spatial testing.
 First, I present a critical analysis of the graphical imagery used in spatial tests and explain why the imagery may be unclear and lead the tests to be inaccurate. I analyzed a collection of research in which researchers modified the stimuli used in spatial tests and found that the tests became easier when the imagery was made clearer. Thus, I conclude that imagery presentation impacts test difficulty, a likely example of construct-irrelevant variance which may reduce the validity of some spatial skills assessments and introduce bias in favor of individuals with past experience in engineering graphics, who historically are more likely to be men.
 Second, I make a critical review of gender differential research in spatial skills. I argue that the construct of “spatial ability” has been co-constructed with gender, in that it has been devised in a manner influenced by gender beliefs. Because of a preexisting belief that men had better spatial skills than women, some test creators “selectively bred” spatial instruments to produce the expected gender differences. Such instruments, including the very popular Mental Rotation Test (MRT), cannot validly assess between-group differences. Biological or evolutionary explanations for sex differences in spatial ability lack empirical evidence. Instead, the differences are rooted in the shaping of the construct of “spatial ability” to create the expected gender patterns.
 Finally, I describe an experiment designed to investigate the hypothesis that using a spatial test with content from a feminized discipline will show different patterns in gender differences. Female engineering students outperformed males on the Digital Apparel Spatial Visualization Test (DASVT), while the male engineering students scored higher than the female students on the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT:R). Students with relevant background experience scored better than students without experience on both assessments. The results demonstrate the shortcomings of using a single instrument to assess a concept as heterogeneous as spatial skills. I conclude this dissertation with a discussion of the implications of my work and recommendations for researchers and educators.
Unterwegs zur Abendmahlsgemeinschaft?
Creators: name: Tück, Jan-Heiner
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 45 Nr. 6 (2016): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 45, Heft 6
Intrinsic temperature dependences of transport coefficients within the hot-spot model for normal-state
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
name: Paaske, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The temperature dependences of the galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric transport coefficients within a generic hot-spot model are reconsidered. Despite the recent success in explaining ac Hall effect data in YBa2Cu3O7, a general feature of this model is a departure from the approximately universal temperature dependences observed for normal state transport in the optimally doped cuprates. In this paper, we discuss such systematic deviations and illustrate some of their effects through a concrete numerical example using the calculated band structure for YBa2Cu3O7.
Effects of two-dimensional plasmons on the tunneling density of states
Creators: name: Reizer, M.
name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: We demonstrate that gapless plasmons lead to a universal (Formula presented) correction to the tunneling density of states of a clean two-dimensional Coulomb interacting electron gas. We also show how this correction affects the conductance of a tunnel bridge in a double-layer system.
title: Стриминговые сервисы: история возрождения музыкальной индустрии
Creators: name: Атанова, Александра
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: В статье рассматривается динамика развития музыкальной индустрии в XXI веке. Утверждается, что основным механизмом этого развития стала цифровизация рынка музыкальных произведений и последующее возникновение и развитие музыкальных стриминговых сервисов. Выявляются факторы возникновения
музыкальных стриминговых сервисов (технологические, экономические, культурные, юридические), их сильные и слабые стороны; оценивается их актуальное состояние, на основании чего делается вывод о тенденциях развития музыкальной индустрии.
Detection of entanglement for multipartite quantum states
Creators: name: Zhao, Hui
name: Liu, Yu-Qiu
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study genuine tripartite entanglement and multipartite entanglement of arbitrary $n$-partite quantum states by using the representations with generalized Pauli operators of a density matrices. While the usual Bloch representation of a density matrix uses three types of generators in the special unitary Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(d)$, the representation with generalized Pauli operators has one uniformed type of generators and it simplifies computation. In this paper, we take the advantage of this simplicity to derive useful and operational criteria to detect genuine tripartite entanglement. We also obtain a sufficient criterion to detect entanglement for multipartite quantum states in arbitrary dimensions. The new method can detect more entangled states than previous methods as backed by detailed examples.
Magnetoresistance and Hall constant of composite fermions
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: We consider both disorder and interaction effects on the magnetoresistance and Hall constant of composite fermions in the vicinity of a half-filled Landau level. In contrast to the standard case of the Coulomb interacting two-dimensional electron gas, we find logarithmic temperature corrections to the Hall conductivity and the magnetoresistance of composite fermions where the Hall constant requires no such correction in the lowest order. The theory provides a possible explanation for the resistivity minimum at filling factor ν=1/2.
Efficient phase-space generation for hadron collider event simulation
Creators: name: Bothmann, Enrico
name: Childers, Taylor
name: Giele, Walter
name: Herren, Florian
name: Hoeche, Stefan
name: Isaacson, Joshua
name: Knobbe, Max
name: Wang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple yet efficient algorithm for phase-space integration at hadron colliders. Individual mappings consist of a single t-channel combined with any number of s-channel decays, and are constructed using diagrammatic information. The factorial growth in the number of channels is tamed by providing an option to limit the number of s-channel topologies. We provide a publicly available, parallelized code in C++ and test its performance in typical LHC scenarios.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Analytic model of the energy distribution function for highly energetic electrons in magnetron plasmas
Creators: name: Gallian, Sara
name: Trieschmann, Jan
name: Mussenbrock, Thomas
name: Brinkmann, Ralf Peter
name: Hitchon, William N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyzes a situation which is common for magnetized technical plasmas such as dc magnetron discharges and HiPIMS systems, where secondary electrons enter the plasma after being accelerated in the cathode fall and encounter a nearly uniform bulk. An analytic calculation of the distribution function of hot electrons is presented; these are described as an initially monoenergetic beam that slows down by Coulomb collisions with a Maxwellian distribution of bulk (cold) electrons, and by inelastic collisions with neutrals. Although this analytical solution is based on a steady-state assumption, a comparison of the characteristic time-scales suggests that it may be applicable to a variety of practical time-dependent discharges, and it may be used to introduce kinetic effects into models based on the hypothesis of Maxwellian electrons. The results are verified for parameters appropriate to HiPIMS discharges, by means of time-dependent and fully-kinetic numerical calculations.
Wikipedia edition dynamics
Creators: name: Gandica, Y.
name: Aidos, F. Sampaio dos
name: Carvalho, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A model for the probabilistic function followed in Wikipedia edition is presented and compared with simulations and real data. It is argued that the probability to edit is proportional to the editor's number of previous editions (preferential attachment), to the editor's fitness and to an ageing factor. Using these simple ingredients, it is possible to reproduce the results obtained for Wikipedia edition dynamics for a collection of single pages as well as the averaged results. Using a stochastic process framework, a recursive equation was obtained for the average of the number of editions per editor that seems to describe the editing behaviour in Wikipedia.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Discovery of a Pair of Classical Cepheids in an Invisible Cluster Beyond the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Dékány, I.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Hajdu, G.
name: Alonso-García, J.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Palma, T.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Gieren, W.
name: Majaess, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a pair of extremely reddened classical Cepheid variable stars located in the Galactic plane behind the bulge, using near-infrared time-series photometry from the VVV Survey. This is the first time that such objects have ever been found in the opposite side of the Galactic plane. The Cepheids have almost identical periods, apparent brightnesses and colors. From the near-infrared Leavitt law, we determine their distances with ~1.5% precision and ~8% accuracy. We find that they have a same total extinction of A(V)~32 mag, and are located at the same heliocentric distance of =11.4+/-0.9 kpc, and less than 1 pc from the true Galactic plane. Their similar periods indicate that the Cepheids are also coeval, with an age of ~48+/-3 Myr, according to theoretical models. They are separated by an angular distance of only 18.3", corresponding to a projected separation of ~1 pc. Their position coincides with the expected location of the Far 3 kpc Arm behind the bulge. Such a tight pair of similar classical Cepheids indicates the presence of an underlying young open cluster, that is both hidden behind heavy extinction and disguised by the dense stellar field of the bulge. All our attempts to directly detect this "invisible cluster" have failed, and deeper observations are needed.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. Photometric data are available online at the CDS and also at http://www.astro.puc.cl/~idekany/pub/twincep.dat
«Damit der Tag euch nicht packt wie ein Dieb»
Creators: name: Backhaus, Knut
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 45 Nr. 6 (2016): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 45, Heft 6
title:  Cosa è successo all’arte di massa?
Creators: name: D'Angelo  ,  Paolo
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: Il presente articolo è uno studio critico sul significato di arte di massa. In esso si analizzano categorie quali high e low Art, popular e folk Art, mettendo in questione, tra l'altro, le riflessioni classiche che Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin hanno dedicato al fenomeno culturale in questione.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) in India
Creators: name: Khushbu1, Chandralima Baruah2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Incidence in India

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) was initially identified in 1957 in Shimoga district, Karnataka, a remote and densely forested region in the Western Ghats of India. From this epicenter, the disease gradually spread to adjacent districts within Karnataka, including Chikkamagalore, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Chamarajanagar, and Belagavi. This expansion occurred over several decades, with Chamarajanagar reporting cases in 2012 and Belagavi in 2016. Furthermore, in 2013, the KFD virus was detected in autopsy samples of deceased monkeys in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, marking the disease's inter-state transmission.

Subsequently, neighboring states bordering Karnataka reported monkey deaths and human cases, including Kerala's Wayanad (2013) and Malappuram (2014), Goa's North Goa (2015), and Maharashtra's Sindhudurg (2016). Most recently, Wayanad district in Kerala has experienced a resurgence of KFD. The spread of KFD across state borders underscores the need for enhanced surveillance, coordinated inter-state efforts, and proactive measures to mitigate the disease's impact on local populations. Effective collaboration among health authorities, forest departments, and local communities is crucial in containing this zoonotic disease
Overlap Quark Propagator in Coulomb Gauge QCD and the Interrelation of Confinement and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Pak, M.
name: Schröck, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chirally symmetric overlap quark propagator is explored in Coulomb gauge for the first time. This gauge is especially well suited for studying the interrelation between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, since confinement can be attributed to the infrared divergence of the vector dressing function of the inverse quark propagator. Using quenched gauge field configurations on a $20^4$ lattice, the dressing functions of the quark propagator as well as the dynamical quark mass function are evaluated, also in the chiral limit. Chiral symmetry is artificially restored by removing the low mode contribution from the quark propagator. After removing enough low-lying modes, the dynamical quark mass function approaches the current quark mass in the whole momentum region and goes to zero in the chiral limit. However, the vector dressing function is unaffected by the low-mode removal. It follows that the quark energy dispersion is still infrared divergent and quarks in such a chiral symmetry restored phase are still confined within a hadron.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures. Small changes, added some references, version accepted at PRD
Photo-Thermal Transfer Function of Dielectric Mirrors for Precision Measurements
Creators: name: Ballmer, Stefan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photo-thermal transfer function from absorbed power incident on a dielectric mirror to the effective mirror position is calculated using the coating design as input. The effect is found to change in amplitude and sign for frequencies corresponding to diffusion length comparable to the coating thickness. Transfer functions are calculated for the $Ti$-doped ${\rm Ta_2O_5:SiO_2}$ coating used in Advanced LIGO and for a crystalline ${\rm Al_xGa_{1-x}As}$ coating. The shape of the transfer function at high frequencies is shown to be a sensitive indicator of the effective absorption depth, providing a potentially powerful tool to distinguish coating-internal absorption from surface contamination related absorption. The sign change of the photo-thermal effect could also be useful to stabilize radiation pressure-based opto-mechanical systems. High frequency corrections to the previously published thermo-optic noise estimates are also provided. Finally, estimating the quality of the thermo-optic noise cancellation occurring in fine-tuned ${\rm Al_xGa_{1-x}As}$ coatings requires the detailed heat flow analysis done in this paper.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Piezoelectric electron-phonon interaction in impure semiconductors: Two-dimensional electrons versus composite fermions
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
name: Reizer, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: We study the effects of piezoelectric coupling between two-dimensional electrons and bulk phonons in cases of both zero and strong perpendicular magnetic fields, the latter corresponding to even-denominator filling fractions. In contrast to the case of coupling via the deformation potential, the leading contributions due to impurity-renormalized electron-phonon vertices are not exactly canceled by processes of inelastic electronimpurity scattering. Electron energy relaxation time, diffusion correction to the conductivity, and the phononemission rate by hot electrons are computed for realistic GaAs/AlxGa12xAs heterostructures.
Correlating Chemical Reaction and Mass Transport in Hydrogen-based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide
Creators: name: Zheng, Xueli
name: Paul, Subhechchha
name: Moghimi, Lauren
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Vilá, Rafael A.
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Gao, Xin
name: Deng, Junjing
name: Jiang, Yi
name: Xiao, Xin
name: Wu, Chaolumen
name: Greenburg, Louisa C.
name: Yang, Yufei
name: Cui, Yi
name: Vailionis, Arturas
name: Kuzmenko, Ivan
name: llavsky, Jan
name: Yin, Yadong
name: Cui, Yi
name: Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Steelmaking contributes 8% to the total CO2 emissions globally, primarily due to coal-based iron ore reduction. Clean hydrogen-based ironmaking has variable performance because the dominant gas-solid reduction mechanism is set by the defects and pores inside the mm-nm sized oxide particles that change significantly as the reaction progresses. While these governing dynamics are essential to establish continuous flow of iron and its ores through reactors, the direct link between agglomeration and chemistry is still contested due to missing measurements. In this work, we directly measure the connection between chemistry and agglomeration in the smallest iron oxides relevant to magnetite ores. Using synthesized spherical 10-nm magnetite particles reacting in H2, we resolve the formation and consumption of wüstite (FeO) - the step most commonly attributed to agglomeration. Using X-ray scattering and microscopy, we resolve crystallographic anisotropy in the rate of the initial reaction, which becomes isotropic as the material sinters. Complementing with imaging, we demonstrate how the particles self-assemble, subsequently react and sinter into ~100x oblong grains. Our insights into how morphologically uniform iron oxide particles react and agglomerate H2 reduction enable future size-dependent models to effectively describe the multiscale iron ore reduction.
The structure of solar radio noise storms
Creators: name: Mercier, Claude
name: Subramanian, Prasad
name: Chambe, Gilbert
name: Janardhan, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) routinely produces snapshot images of the full sun at frequencies between 150 and 450 MHz, with typical resolution 3 arcmin and time cadence 0.2 s. Combining visibilities from the NRH and from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) allows us to produce images of the sun at 236 or 327 MHz, with a large FOV, high resolution and time cadence. We seek to investigate the structure of noise storms (the most common non-thermal solar radio emission). We focus on the relation of position and altitude of noise storms with the observing frequency and on the lower limit of their sizes. We present results for noise storms on four days. The results consist of an extended halo and of one or several compact cores with relative intensity changing over a few seconds. We found that core sizes can be almost stable over one hour, with a minimum in the range 31-35 arcsec (less than previously reported) and can be stable over one hour. The heliocentric distances of noise storms are $\sim 1.20$ and 1.35 $R_{\odot}$ at 432 and 150 MHz, respectively. Regions where storms originate are thus much denser than the ambient corona and their vertical extent is found to be less than expected from hydrostatic equilibrium. The smallest observed sizes impose upper limits on broadening effects due to scattering on density inhomogeneities in the low and medium corona and constrain the level of density turbulence in the solar corona. It is possible that scatter broadening has been overestimated in the past, and that the observed sizes cannot only be attributed to scattering. The vertical structure of the noise storms is difficult to reconcile with the classical columnar model.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract shortened, full abstract available in pdf file. Typos corrected