cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Binary black hole mergers in AGN accretion discs: gravitational wave rate density estimates
Creators: name: Gröbner, Matthias
name: Ishibashi, Wako
name: Tiwari, Shubhanshu
name: Haney, Maria
name: Jetzer, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The majority of gravitational wave (GW) events detected so far by LIGO/Virgo originate from binary black hole (BBH) mergers. Among the different binary evolution paths, the merger of BBHs in accretion discs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a possible source of GW detections. We consider an idealised analytical model of the orbital evolution of BBHs embedded in an AGN accretion disc. In this framework, the disc-binary interaction increases the orbital eccentricity and decreases the orbital separation, driving the BBH into a regime where GW emission eventually leads to coalescence. We compute the resulting GW merger rate density from this channel based on a weighted average of the merger timescales of a population of BBHs radially distributed within the AGN accretion disc. The predicted merger rates broadly lie in the range $\mathcal{R} \sim (0.002 - 18) \, \mathrm{Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}}$. We analyse the dependence of the merger rate density on both the accretion disc and binary orbital parameters, emphasising the important role of the orbital eccentricity. We discuss the astrophysical implications of this particular BBH-in-AGN formation channel in the broader context of binary evolution scenarios.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Factors influencing the intensity of market participation by smallholder farmers: A case study of rural and peri-urban areas of Kenya
Creators: name: Omiti, John M.
name: Otieno, David Jakinda
name: Nyanamba, Timothy O.
name: McCullough, Ellen B.
name: Omiti, John M.
name: Otieno, David Jakinda
name: Nyanamba, Timothy O.
name: McCullough, Ellen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Smallholder farmers
subject: Intensity
subject: Market participation
subject: Kenya

description: Participation in commercial agriculture holds considerable potential for unlocking suitable opportunity sets necessary for providing better incomes and sustainable livelihoods for small-scale farmers. This study examined factors that influence the intensity of market participation among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Data was obtained through a rapid rural appraisal and a household survey. A truncated regression model was applied in the analysis. Results showed that farmers in peri-urban areas sold higher proportions of their output than those in rural areas. Distance from farm to point of sale is a major constraint to the intensity of market participation. Better output price and market information are key incentives for increased sales. These findings demonstrate the urgent need to strengthen market information delivery systems, upgrade roads in both rural and peri-urban areas, encourage market integration initiatives, and establish more retail outlets with improved market facilities in the remote rural villages in order to promote production and trade in high value commodities by rural farmers.
Supercooled Jahn-Teller Ice
Creators: name: Mitsumoto, Kota
name: Hotta, Chisa
name: Yoshino, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the spins on the frustrated pyrochlore lattice obey the celebrated 2-$in$-2-$out$ ice rule, they stay in a correlated disordered phase and break the third law of thermodynamics. Similarly, if the atomic ions on the pyrochlore lattice move in and outward of the tetrahedra, they may obey a constraint resembling the ice rule. We discover that a model for pyrochlore molybdates $A_2$Mo$_2$O$_7$ ($A=$Y, Dy, Tb) exhibits a "supercooled ice" state of the displacement degrees of freedom of Mo$^{4+}$ ions, when we take account of the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect. The JT effect occurs when the lattice distortions reduce the symmetry of the local crystal field, resulting in the orbital-energy-splitting that causes the local energy gain. Unlike the standard JT effect that leads to periodic long range ordering, the displacements of Mo$^{4+}$ ions are disordered following the ice-like rule. We microscopically derive a model that describes this situation by having the 2nd and 3rd neighbor interactions between in-out lattice displacements comparably as strong as the nearest neighbor interactions of standard ice. There, the well-known nearly flat energy landscape of the ice state is altered to a metastable highly quasi-degenerate ice-like liquid state coexisting with a crystalline-like ground state. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that this liquid remains remarkably stable down to low temperatures by avoiding the putative first order transition. The relaxation in the supercooled JT ice state exhibits glassy dynamics with a plateau structure. They fit the feature of a "good glassformer" very often found in molecular liquids, but that has never been observed in material solids. The high glass-forming ability of the interacting lattice degrees of freedom will play a key role in the spin-glass transition of the material.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Holstein model and Peierls instability in 1D boson-fermion lattice gases
Creators: name: Pazy, E.
name: Vardi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an ultracold bose-fermi mixture in a one dimensional optical lattice. When boson atoms are heavier then fermion atoms the system is described by an adiabatic Holstein model, exhibiting a Peierls instability for commensurate fermion filling factors. A Bosonic density wave with a wavenumber of twice the Fermi wavenumber will appear in the quasi one-dimensional system.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Optimal long-term stocking rates for livestock grazing in a Sahelian rangeland
Creators: name: Hein, Lars
name: Weikard, Hans-Peter
name: Hein, Lars
name: Weikard, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Semi-arid rangelands
subject: optimal stocking rate
subject: modeling rangeland ecology
subject: Sahel

description: Economic modelling of semi-arid rangelands has received much attention in recent literature. A major outstanding issue is how stochastic rainfall and the feedback effect of heavy grazing pressures on vegetation productivity can be accounted for in these models. This paper presents a model for calculating the optimal livestock stocking rate in a semi-arid rangeland that accounts for stochastic rainfall, the ecological feedback effect and variable prices. The model is developed for rangelands dominated by annual rather than perennial grasses, such as the African Sahel. The feedback effect is modeled on the basis of an ecological study, conducted in northern Senegal, that analyzes the impact of different grazing pressures on vegetation productivity. The paper presents both a general model and an application of the model to the Ferlo, a semi-arid rangeland in northern Senegal.
Architectures of Exoplanetary Systems. III: Eccentricity and Mutual Inclination Distributions of AMD-stable Planetary Systems
Creators: name: He, Matthias Y.
name: Ford, Eric B.
name: Ragozzine, Darin
name: Carrera, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angular momentum deficit (AMD) of a planetary system is a measure of its orbital excitation and a predictor of long-term stability. We adopt the AMD-stability criteria to constrain the orbital architectures for exoplanetary systems. Previously, He, Ford, & Ragozzine (2019) (arXiv:1907.07773v2) showed through forward modelling (SysSim) that the observed multiplicity distribution can be well reproduced by two populations consisting of a low and a high mutual inclination component. Here, we show that a broad distribution of mutual inclinations arising from systems at the AMD-stability limit can also match the observed Kepler population. We show that distributing a planetary system's maximum AMD amongst its planets results in a multiplicity-dependent distribution of eccentricities and mutual inclinations. Systems with intrinsically more planets have lower median eccentricities and mutual inclinations, and this trend is well described by power-law functions of the intrinsic planet multiplicity ($n$): $\tildeμ_{e,n} \propto n^{-1.74_{-0.07}^{+0.11}}$ and $\tildeμ_{i,n} \propto n^{-1.73_{-0.08}^{+0.09}}$, where $\tildeμ_{e,n}$ and $\tildeμ_{i,n}$ are the medians of the eccentricity and inclination distributions. We also find that intrinsic single planets have higher eccentricities ($σ_{e,1} \sim 0.25$) than multi-planet systems, and that the trends with multiplicity appear in the observed distributions of period-normalized transit duration ratios. We show that the observed preferences for planet size orderings and uniform spacings are more extreme than what can be produced by the detection biases of the Kepler mission alone. Finally, we find that for systems with detected transiting planets between 5 and 10 days, there is another planet with a greater radial velocity signal $\simeq~53\%$ of the time.
description: Published in AJ; 41 pages, 15 figures, plus supplemental online materials with 8 figures
Radio Flares and the Magnetic Field Structure in GRB Outflows
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Taylor, Gregory B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field structure in GRB outflows is of great interest as it can provide valuable clues that can help pin down the mechanism responsible for the acceleration and collimation of GRB jets. The most promising way of probing it is through polarization measurements of the synchrotron emission from the GRB ejecta, which includes the gamma-ray emission and the reverse shock emission. Measuring polarization in gamma-rays with current instruments is extremely difficult: so far there is only one claim of detection (in GRB 021206) which despite the favorable conditions remains very controversial. The emission from the reverse shock that propagates into the ejecta as it is decelerated by the ambient medium peaks in the optical after tens of seconds (the `optical flash') and dominates the optical emission up to about ten minutes after the GRB. Unfortunately, no polarization measurements of this optical emission have been made to date. However, after the reverse shock finishes crossing the shell of GRB ejecta, the shocked ejecta cools adiabatically and radiates at lower and lower frequencies, peaking in the radio after $\sim 1$ day (the `radio flare'). We use VLA data of radio flares from GRBs to constrain the polarization of this emission. We find only upper limits for both linear and circular polarization. Our best limits are for GRB 991216, for which we find $3σ$ upper limits on the linear and circular polarization of 7% and 9%, respectively. These limits provide interesting constraints on existing GRB models. Specifically, our results are hard to reconcile with a predominantly ordered toroidal magnetic field in the GRB outflow together with a `structured' jet, where the energy per solid angle drops as the inverse square of the angle from the jet axis, that is expected in models where the outflow is Poynting flux dominated.
description: minor changes to match the version accepted for publication in ApJ
Input and Quality Controls: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Bangladesh’s Industrial Trawl Fishery
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Nanzeen Kawshar
name: Kompas, Tom
name: Kalirajan, Kaliappa P.
name: Chowdhury, Nanzeen Kawshar
name: Kompas, Tom
name: Kalirajan, Kaliappa P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Industrial trawl fishery
subject: input and quality control
subject: efficiency
subject: Bangladesh

description: This paper examines the effectiveness of different management tools, particularly input and quality controls on Bangladesh’s industrial trawl fishery. Results show that the efficiency of industrial trawl fishery comes from multiple owner managed vessels, export oriented vessels and registered vessels that are mainly engaged in double rigger trawling. Results also indicate that freezer vessels with small storage capacity, using small gear are relatively less efficient. This study shows that there is no depletion or reduction in marine fish stock over the period and shrimp vessels are technically more efficient than fish vessels.
Effects of a ten-year climate warming experiment on nitrogen cycling in high arctic tundra
Creators: name: Rolph, Sandra Gale
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effects of a 10-year climate warming experiment on nitrogen (N) cycling in high arctic tundra ecosystems were examined along a soil moisture gradient at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada (78°53'N, 75°55'W). Open top chambers were established in 1992 to passively warm five tundra plant communities within the range predicted for a doubling of atmospheric CO₂. Inorganic N availability, measured using ion exchange membranes, was consistently higher in the warmed plots throughout the growing season in three plant communities. Soluble organic N availability increased significantly with warming in a wet sedge meadow. Net N mineralization in buried bag incubations was not significantly affected by the warming treatments; however, net N immobilization was four-times higher in the warmed plots compared to the controls in the sedge meadow. Reciprocal transplantation of buried bags between temperature treatments indicated that the increase in net N immobilization was a result of changes in soil properties during the nine-year experiment, in conjunction with continued temperature enhancement. Significant reductions in litter quality, measured as C:N ratios, were observed for woody and herbaceous growth forms in the warmed treatments at the end of the growing season. Reproductive parts had higher C:N than vegetative parts, and C:N increased with warming. Therefore, previously observed increases in reproductive effort with warming have likely reduced litter quality. Despite this potential for negative litter quality feedbacks to N availability with warming, soil organic matter was not significantly affected by the ninth year of the experiment. We hypothesize that the short-term changes in soil N transformations and increased N availability have contributed to the increases in plant growth observed in the warmed plots, and that shifts in the relative availabilities of NO₃, NH₄, and SON may have contributed to changes in the species composition of the tundra plant communities. However, this negative feedback to greenhouse warming may be strongly constrained by longer-term litter quality feedbacks to soil organic matter quality, and N availability in high arctic tundra ecosystems.
Difference Operators and Duality for Trigonometric Gaudin and Dynamical Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Uvarov, Filipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the difference analog of the quotient differential operator from [Tarasov V., Uvarov F., Lett. Math. Phys. 110 (2020), 3375-3400, arXiv:1907.02117]. Starting with a space of quasi-exponentials $W=\langle α_{i}^{x}p_{ij}(x),\, i=1,\dots, n,\, j=1,\dots, n_{i}\rangle$, where $α_{i}\in{\mathbb C}^{*}$ and $p_{ij}(x)$ are polynomials, we consider the formal conjugate $\check{S}^{\dagger}_{W}$ of the quotient difference operator $\check{S}_{W}$ satisfying $\widehat{S} =\check{S}_{W}S_{W}$. Here, $S_{W}$ is a linear difference operator of order $\dim W$ annihilating $W$, and $\widehat{S}$ is a linear difference operator with constant coefficients depending on $α_{i}$ and $°p_{ij}(x)$ only. We construct a space of quasi-exponentials of dimension $\operatorname{ord} \check{S}^{\dagger}_{W}$, which is annihilated by $\check{S}^{\dagger}_{W}$ and describe its basis and discrete exponents. We also consider a similar construction for differential operators associated with spaces of quasi-polynomials, which are linear combinations of functions of the form $x^{z}q(x)$, where $z\in\mathbb C$ and $q(x)$ is a polynomial. Combining our results with the results on the bispectral duality obtained in [Mukhin E., Tarasov V., Varchenko A., Adv. Math. 218 (2008), 216-265, arXiv:math.QA/0605172], we relate the construction of the quotient difference operator to the $(\mathfrak{gl}_{k},\mathfrak{gl}_{n})$-duality of the trigonometric Gaudin Hamiltonians and trigonometric dynamical Hamiltonians acting on the space of polynomials in $kn$ anticommuting variables.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of the active communication education program in improving the general quality of life of older adults who use hearing aids: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Marcotti, Anthony
name: Rivera, Sebastián
name: Silva-Letelier, Catherine
name: Galaz-Mella, Javier
name: Fuentes-López, Eduardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
An economic evaluation of tick line deregulation in Queensland
Creators: name: Chudleigh, Fred
name: Franco-Dixon, Mary Ann
name: Chudleigh, Fred
name: Franco-Dixon, Mary Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle tick, is widely distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has been identified as the most economically important species of tick across a number of countries. Quarantine boundaries currently limit the spread of the cattle tick into northern New South Wales, parts of South East Queensland, the central parts of the Northern Territory and northern parts of Western Australia. The Queensland tick line (or quarantine boundary) largely follows the 500mm rainfall isohyet until it reaches southern Queensland. As the cattle tick is unlikely to become endemic to regions receiving median rainfall less than 500mm per annum, the region most likely to be effected by a deregulation of the tick line is located in the south east corner of the State “inside” the 500mm isohyet but “outside” of the tick line. There are a number of strategies available to beef producers running susceptible cattle within the region impacted by a deregulation of the tick line. For example, they could: o choose to apply acaricides into the foreseeable future, o choose to breed tick resistance into their livestock and apply acaricides during the conversion period, o replace their susceptible breeding herds with tick resistant stock from within the tick endemic region, or o continue with susceptible livestock and implement sufficient quarantine and pest management strategies to reduce the risk of tick infestation to a negligible level The economic evaluation of these strategies indicates that the total costs of deregulation depend upon the type of response made by industry and the level of that response.
Additional file 1 of Implementing national care guidelines in local authorities in England and Wales: a theory-of-change
Creators: name: Bauer, Annette
name: Boaz, Annette
name: Breuer, Erica
name: Hoomans, Ties
name: Jasim, Sarah
name: Knapp, Martin
name: Camus, Joaquín Mayorga
name: Malley, Juliette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Slicing Aided Hyper Inference and Fine-tuning for Small Object Detection
Creators: name: Akyon, Fatih Cagatay
name: Altinuc, Sinan Onur
name: Temizel, Alptekin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection of small objects and objects far away in the scene is a major challenge in surveillance applications. Such objects are represented by small number of pixels in the image and lack sufficient details, making them difficult to detect using conventional detectors. In this work, an open-source framework called Slicing Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) is proposed that provides a generic slicing aided inference and fine-tuning pipeline for small object detection. The proposed technique is generic in the sense that it can be applied on top of any available object detector without any fine-tuning. Experimental evaluations, using object detection baselines on the Visdrone and xView aerial object detection datasets show that the proposed inference method can increase object detection AP by 6.8%, 5.1% and 5.3% for FCOS, VFNet and TOOD detectors, respectively. Moreover, the detection accuracy can be further increased with a slicing aided fine-tuning, resulting in a cumulative increase of 12.7%, 13.4% and 14.5% AP in the same order. Proposed technique has been integrated with Detectron2, MMDetection and YOLOv5 models and it is publicly available at https://github.com/obss/sahi.git .
description: Presented at ICIP 2022, 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
An equivalence relation of boundary/initial conditions, and the infinite limit properties
Creators: name: Minami, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 'n-equivalences' of boundary conditions of lattice models are introduced and it is derived that the models with n-equivalent boundary conditions result in the identical free energy. It is shown that the free energy of the six-vertex model is classified through the density of left/down arrows on the boundary. The free energy becomes identical to that obtained by Lieb and Sutherland with the periodic boundary condition, if the density of the arrows is equal to 1/2. The relation to the structure of the transfer matrix and a relation to stochastic processes are noted.
description: 6 pages with a figure, no change but the omitted figure is added
Preliminary principles to guide best practice water quality regulation from an economic perspective
Creators: name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Greyling, Tertius
name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Greyling, Tertius
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: diffuse source pollutants
subject: regulations
subject: economic efficiency
subject: transaction costs
subject: water quality

description: Regulatory regimes intended to enforce changes to land use or management impose costs on landholders and governments. Landholder costs comprise changes to capital equipment, changes to crop or enterprise management including direct compliance costs, opportunity costs of lost production, and transaction costs from informing themselves about regulatory requirements, potential compliance strategies and administration associated with implementation of these strategies. Governments must design and implement the regulatory framework along with an appropriate compliance structure and other associated costs. In this paper we apply economic theory, in particular relating to institutional economics and transaction costs, and the degree of heterogeneity landholder net cost to propose a set of principles to guide selection of appropriate regulatory targets and design of implementation frameworks.
Additional file 14 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 14. Key examples of barriers and facilitators identified within the external environment theme.
Scale-Fixed Predictions for $γ+ η_c$ production in electron-positron collisions at NNLO in perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Yu, Huai-Min
name: Sang, Wen-Long
name: Huang, Xu-Dong
name: Zeng, Jun
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, we present QCD predictions for $η_{c} + γ$ production at an electron-position collider up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy without renormalization scale ambiguities. The NNLO total cross-section for $e^{+}+e^{-}\toγ+η_{c}$ using the conventional scale-setting approach has large renormalization scale ambiguities, usually estimated by choosing the renormalization scale to be the $e^+ e^-$ center-of-mass collision energy $\sqrt{s}$. The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to eliminate such renormalization scale ambiguities by summing the nonconformal $β$ contributions into the QCD coupling $α_s(Q^2)$. The renormalization group equation then sets the value of $α_s$ for the process. The PMC renormalization scale reflects the virtuality of the underlying process, and the resulting predictions satisfy all of the requirements of renormalization group invariance, including renormalization scheme invariance. After applying the PMC, we obtain a scale-and-scheme independent prediction, $σ|_{\rm NNLO, PMC}\simeq 41.18$ fb for $\sqrt{s}$=10.6 GeV. The resulting pQCD series matches the series for conformal theory and thus has no divergent renormalon contributions. The large $K$ factor which contributes to this process reinforces the importance of uncalculated NNNLO and higher-order terms. Using the PMC scale-and-scheme independent conformal series and the $\rm Pad\acute{e}$ approximation approach, we predict $σ|_{\rm NNNLO, PMC+Pade} \simeq 21.36$ fb, which is consistent with the recent BELLE measurement $σ^{\rm obs}$=$16.58^{+10.51}_{-9.93}$ fb at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 10.6$ GeV. This procedure also provides a first estimate of the NNNLO contribution.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Discussions improved and references updated. Revised version to be published in JHEP
Implicit discount rates and fisheries management: is there a relationship?
Creators: name: Coglan, Louisa
name: Pascoe, Sean
name: Coglan, Louisa
name: Pascoe, Sean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Fishers are faced with multiple risks, including unpredictability of future catch rates, prices and costs. While the latter are largely beyond the control of fisheries managers, effective fisheries management should reduce uncertainty about future catches. Different management instruments are likely to have different impacts on the risk perception of fishers, and this should manifest itself in their implicit discount rate. Assuming licence and quota values represent the net present value of the flow of expected future profits, then a proxy for the implicit discount rate of vessels in a fishery can be derived by the ratio of the average level of profits to the average licence/quota value. From this, an indication of the risk perception can be derived, assuming higher discount rates reflect higher levels of systematic risk. In this paper, we apply the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to determine the risk premium implicit in the discount rates for a range of Australian fisheries, and compare this with the set of management instruments in place. We test the assumption that rights based management instruments lower perceptions of risk in fisheries. We find little evidence to support this assumption, although the analysis was based on only limited data.
On the growth rate of geodesic chords
Creators: name: Allais, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C22, 58E10

description: We show that every forward complete Finsler manifold of infinite fundamental group and not homotopy-equivalent to $S^1$ has infinitely many geometrically distinct geodesics joining any given pair of points $p$ and $q$. In the special case in which $β_1(M;\mathbb{Z})\geq 1$ and $M$ is closed, the number of geometrically distinct geodesics between two points grows at least logarithmically.
description: 10 pages, to appear in Differential Geometry and its Applications
A new proof of the local regularity of the eta invariant of a Dirac operator
Creators: name: Ponge, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J28, 58J35, 58J40

description: In this paper we give a new proof of Bismut-Freed's result on the local regularity of the eta invariant of a Dirac operator in odd dimension.
description: v5: final version. To appear in J. Geom. Phys., 11 pages
Additional file 15 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 15.
Urban Water Restrictions: Attitudes and Avoidance
Creators: name: Cooper, Bethany
name: Crase, Lin
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Cooper, Bethany
name: Crase, Lin
name: Burton, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Urban water restrictions
subject: Water policy
subject: Contingent valuation

description: In most urban cities across Australia, water restrictions remain the dominant policy mechanism to restrict urban water consumption. The extensive adoption of water restrictions over several years means that Australian urban water prices have consistently not reflected the opportunity cost of water (Edwards 2008). Given the generally strong political support for water restrictions and the likelihood that they will persist for some time, there is value in understanding householders’ attitudes in this context. More specifically, identifying the welfare gains associated with avoiding urban water restrictions entirely would be a non-trivial contribution to our knowledge. This paper is used to describe the results from a contingent valuation study that investigates consumers’ willingness to pay to avoid urban water restrictions. Importantly, the research also investigates the influence of cognitive and exogenous dimensions on the utility gain associated with avoiding water restrictions. The results provides some salutary insights into the impact of this policy mechanism on economic welfare.
Fuzzy Mutation Embedded Hybrids of Gravitational Search and Particle Swarm Optimization Methods for Engineering Design Problems
Creators: name: Kar, Devroop
name: Ghosh, Manosij
name: Guha, Ritam
name: Sarkar, Ram
name: García-Hernández, Laura
name: Abraham, Ajith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are nature-inspired, swarm-based optimization algorithms respectively. Though they have been widely used for single-objective optimization since their inception, they suffer from premature convergence. Even though the hybrids of GSA and PSO perform much better, the problem remains. Hence, to solve this issue we have proposed a fuzzy mutation model for two hybrid versions of PSO and GSA - Gravitational Particle Swarm (GPS) and PSOGSA. The developed algorithms are called Mutation based GPS (MGPS) and Mutation based PSOGSA (MPSOGSA). The mutation operator is based on a fuzzy model where the probability of mutation has been calculated based on the closeness of particle to population centroid and improvement in the particle value. We have evaluated these two new algorithms on 23 benchmark functions of three categories (unimodal, multi-modal and multi-modal with fixed dimension). The experimental outcome shows that our proposed model outperforms their corresponding ancestors, MGPS outperforms GPS 13 out of 23 times (56.52%) and MPSOGSA outperforms PSOGSA 17 times out of 23 (73.91 %). We have also compared our results against those of recent optimization algorithms such as Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Opposition-Based SCA, and Volleyball Premier League Algorithm (VPL). In addition, we have applied our proposed algorithms on some classic engineering design problems and the outcomes are satisfactory. The related codes of the proposed algorithms can be found in this link: Fuzzy-Mutation-Embedded-Hybrids-of-GSA-and-PSO.
description: 33 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier
How to Physically Verify a Rectangle in a Grid: A Physical ZKP for Shikaku
Creators: name: Ruangwises, Suthee
name: Itoh, Toshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Shikaku is a pencil puzzle consisting of a rectangular grid, with some cells containing a number. The player has to partition the grid into rectangles such that each rectangle contains exactly one number equal to the area of that rectangle. In this paper, we propose two physical zero-knowledge proof protocols for Shikaku using a deck of playing cards, which allow a prover to physically show that he/she knows a solution of the puzzle without revealing it. Most importantly, in our second protocol we develop a general technique to physically verify a rectangle-shaped area with a certain size in a rectangular grid, which can be used to verify other problems with similar constraints.
description: This paper has appeared at FUN 2022
Additional file 1 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search string example.
Italian wines and Asian markets: opportunities and threats under new policy scenarios and competitive dynamics
Creators: name: Corsi, Armando Maria
name: Marinelli, Nicola
name: Sottini, Veronica Alampi
name: Corsi, Armando Maria
name: Marinelli, Nicola
name: Sottini, Veronica Alampi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The world wine market is facing a particularly difficult situation. Both the EU and New World (NW) Countries are trying to manage this critical moment by filling reciprocal gaps in order to increase their competitiveness at a global level and to strengthen their position in key strategic markets. On the EU side, one of the fundamental aspects of this changing framework is the evolution of the Common Market Organisation (CMO) for the wine sector. The first pivotal change is the fact that a parcel of land cannot host more than one designation of origin (either Geographical Indication – GI – Denominazione di Origine Controllata – DOC – or Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita – DOCG), thus completely changing the approach to vintage choices, which characterised the Italian production in the last 50 years. A second important variation is the introduction of the possibility to show grape varieties and the vintage year on table wines (a strategy often used by NW producers). Conversely, on the NW side, the changes are mainly relative to the increase in the use of European grape varieties and the emphasis on the region-grape combination as an element of excellence.
Molecular dynamics study of photodissociation of water in crystalline and amorphous ice
Creators: name: Andersson, Stefan
name: Al-Halabi, Ayman
name: Kroes, Geert-Jan
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of classical dynamics calculations, performed to study the photodissociation of water in crystalline and amorphous ice surfaces at a surface temperature of 10 K. Dissociation in the top six monolayers is considered. Desorption of H2O has a low probability (less than 0.5% yield per absorbed photon) for both types of ice. The final outcome strongly depends on the original position of the photodissociated molecule. For molecules in the first bilayer of crystalline ice and the corresponding layers in amorphous ice, desorption of H atoms dominates. In the second bilayer H atom desorption, trapping of the H and OH fragments in the ice, and recombination of H and OH are of roughly equal importance. Deeper into the ice H atom desorption becomes less important and trapping and recombination dominate. The distribution of distances traveled by H atoms in the ice peaks at 6 - 7 Angstroms with a tail going to about 60 Angstroms for both types of ice. The mobility of OH radicals is low within the ice with most probable distances traveled of 2 and 1 Angstroms for crystalline and amorphous ice, respectively. OH is however quite mobile on top of the surface, where it has been found to travel more than 80 Angstroms. Simulated absorption spectra of crystalline ice, amorphous ice, and liquid water are found to be in very good agreement with experiments.
description: 71 pages and 17 figures, consisting of paper (54 pages and 11 figures) and supporting material (17 pages and 6 figures). To be published in J. Chem. Phys. (2006)
What impact has food price inflation had on consumer welfare: a global analysis
Creators: name: Cranfield, John A.L.
name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Cranfield, John A.L.
name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The impact of rising global food prices on consumer welfare is investigated. A quadratic AIDS model is estimated using data spanning countries at various levels of economic development. Statistical comparison suggests the QUAIDS model is preferred over the non-linear AIDS model. Estimated parameters are used to calibrate a QUAIDS indirect utility function and base utility for welfare analysis. Compensated variation associated with recently observed food price inflation for different foods in different income cohorts of countries is calculated. Per capita compensated variation increases with per capita expenditure. However, per capita compensated variation expressed as a percent of per capita expenditure falls as one moves from less developed to more developed countries. Aggregate compensating variation associated with annualized food price inflation between 2005 and 2008 is estimated at US$515 billion globally
Additional file 1 of “Empathy for children is often missing”: a mixed methods analysis of a German forum on COVID-19 pandemic measures
Creators: name: Nguyễn, Văn Kính
name: Berner-Rodoreda, Astrid
name: Baum, Nina
name: Bärnighausen, Till
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Ecosystem services review of water projects
Creators: name: Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
name: Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Ecosystem services review
subject: water projects

description: Water projects are typically evaluated using benefit cost analysis. Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. Many of these benefits are ignored in benefit cost analysis, because of the absence of markets and the limited information or understanding of how the benefits from ecosystem services are produced. Regional or local government may be interested in learning how the value of ecosystem services associated with projects may change if a project occurs. Ecosystem Service Reviews aim to make ecosystem services explicit and quantifiable so that they can be accounted for in the evaluation of water use projects. Water storage projects can enable land use intensification to occur, and confer environmental benefits in some instances (e.g., flow augmentation) and costs in others (e.g., groundwater contamination and flow‐on effects). Water storage projects can have both positive and negative outcomes for the environment. More flow can lead led to better fishing, better clarity, more contaminant dilution and a healthier aquatic ecosystem. It can also result in loss of braided river‐bird habitat, and regulated flows can result in nuisance growths of potentially toxic algal species. Irrigation can increase productivity of land within the scheme, with attendant benefits to soil quality and other out‐of‐river environmental characteristics. This paper reports the methods used to assess the impact of a water storage dam on the flow of ecosystem services in a river system. We review the range of ecosystem services that are available in a river system and examine how the flow of ecosystem services can be altered by water storage and flow augmentation through the construction of a dam. In order to list and quantify ecosystem services an attempt is made to determine a suitable site specific set of ecosystem service indicators for the Opuha‐Opihi river system case. We draw inferences about shifts in the value of ecosystem services that might arise from water projects in other contexts.
Fermionic quantum cellular automata and generalized matrix product unitaries
Creators: name: Piroli, Lorenzo
name: Turzillo, Alex
name: Shukla, Sujeet K.
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study matrix product unitary operators (MPUs) for fermionic one-dimensional (1D) chains. In stark contrast with the case of 1D qudit systems, we show that (i) fermionic MPUs do not necessarily feature a strict causal cone and (ii) not all fermionic Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) can be represented as fermionic MPUs. We then introduce a natural generalization of the latter, obtained by allowing for an additional operator acting on their auxiliary space. We characterize a family of such generalized MPUs that are locality-preserving, and show that, up to appending inert ancillary fermionic degrees of freedom, any representative of this family is a fermionic QCA and viceversa. Finally, we prove an index theorem for generalized MPUs, recovering the recently derived classification of fermionic QCA in one dimension. As a technical tool for our analysis, we also introduce a graded canonical form for fermionic matrix product states, proving its uniqueness up to similarity transformations.
description: 35 pages, no figures; v2: minor revision
Gravity localisation in a 6-dimensional brane world
Creators: name: Hartmann, Betti
name: Brihaye, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a 6-dimensional Einstein-Born-Infeld-Higgs model. In the limit of infinite Born-Infeld coupling, this model reduces to an Einstein-Abelian-Higgs model, in which gravity localising solutions were shown to exist. In this proceeding, we discuss further properties of the gravity localising solutions as well as of the solutions in the limit of vanishing cosmological constant.
description: Talk presented at the 6th Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology, Cargese, Corsica, 28.6.-3.7.2004; 7 LATEX pages, 1 eps figure
Brief mindfulness-based meditation enhances the speed of learning following positive prediction errors
Creators: name: Jalalian, Parnian
name: Macrae, Neil
name: Golubickis, Marius
name: Falben, Johanna
name: Dr Lucy Tan
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Project
Additional file 13 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 13. Key examples of barriers and facilitators identified within the organisational setting theme.