cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conflict in Mountainous-Karabakh
Creators: name: Mosashvili, Gia
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Mountainous-Karabakh is a regional conflict in the recent territory of Azerbaijan with the population of ethnic Armenians. It is a part of historical Karabakh and the reason why it had given autonomy, was to underline an ethnic factor of its population. All member states of the United Nations, beside Armenia, recognize Mountainous-Karabakh as Azerbaijani territory with ethnic Armenian population. Mountainous-Karabakh is a disputed territory between Azerbaijan and Armenia and both sides have their claims on this territory. Historical sources about Mountainous-Karabakh are various and confusing. In 14th century, Safavid Empire gave autonomy-like status to Mountainous-Karabakh and this status was retained during the next four centuries. Until 1991, Mountainous-Karabakh was a little isolated region with aoutonomous oblast status within the Azerbaijan SSR. In 1992, Mountainous-Karabakh declared itself as independent republic, which resulted in armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Conflict in Mountainous-Karabakh is a clash of political ambitions. Positions of parties still exclude each other.The scientific research ‘Conflict in Mountainous-Karabakh’ is based on the qualitative research method and analyzes primary and secondary documents. It includes: introduction, main part, major research, conclusion and bibliography. Major research represents reasons of the conflict and the security dilemma: geographical factor, ethnographic factor, nationalism, Russia, ethnic affinity problem, different historical sources and economic factor. The last part of this work involves recoomendations for conflict resolution.
Essential dimension and pro-finite group schemes
Creators: name: Bresciani, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A. Vistoli observed that, if Grothendieck's section conjecture is true and $X$ is a smooth hyperbolic curve over a field finitely generated over $\mathbb{Q}$, then $\underlineπ_{1}(X)$ should somehow have essential dimension $1$. We prove that an infinite, pro-finite étale group scheme always has infinite essential dimension. We introduce a variant of essential dimension, the fce dimension $\operatorname{fced} G$ of a pro-finite group scheme $G$, which naturally coincides with $\operatorname{ed} G$ if $G$ is finite but has a better behaviour in the pro-finite case. Grothendieck's section conjecture implies $\operatorname{fced}\underlineπ_{1}(X)=\dim X=1$ for $X$ as above. We prove that, if $A$ is an abelian variety over a field finitely generated over $\mathbb{Q}$, then $\operatorname{fced}\underlineπ_{1}(A)=\operatorname{fced} TA=\dim A$.
description: Simplified proofs and stronger results in the new version
Air Taxi Skyport Location Problem for Airport Access
Creators: name: Rath, Srushti
name: Chow, Joseph Y. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Witnessing the rapid progress and accelerated commercialization made in recent years for the introduction of air taxi services in near future across metropolitan cities, our research focuses on one of the most important consideration for such services, i.e., infrastructure planning (also known as skyports). We consider design of skyport locations for air taxis accessing airports, where we present the skyport location problem as a modified single-allocation p-hub median location problem integrating choice-constrained user mode choice behavior into the decision process. Our approach focuses on two alternative objectives i.e., maximizing air taxi ridership and maximizing air taxi revenue. The proposed models in the study incorporate trade-offs between trip length and trip cost based on mode choice behavior of travelers to determine optimal choices of skyports in an urban city. We examine the sensitivity of skyport locations based on two objectives, three air taxi pricing strategies, and varying transfer times at skyports. A case study of New York City is conducted considering a network of 149 taxi zones and 3 airports with over 20 million for-hire-vehicles trip data to the airports to discuss insights around the choice of skyport locations in the city, and demand allocation to different skyports under various parameter settings. Results suggest that a minimum of 9 skyports located between Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn can adequately accommodate the airport access travel needs and are sufficiently stable against transfer time increases. Findings from this study can help air taxi providers strategize infrastructure design options and investment decisions based on skyport location choices.
description: 25 pages
Microfluidic viscosity gradient generator
Creators: name: Sasi Pasupuleti
name: Humphries, Stuart
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: COMSOL mph file describing a microfluidic device to generate a stable viscosity gradient by mixing two fluids of different viscosities.
Flat Norm Decomposition of Integral Currents
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Sharif
name: Krishnamoorthy, Bala
name: Vixie, Kevin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Currents represent generalized surfaces studied in geometric measure theory. They range from relatively tame integral currents representing oriented compact manifolds with boundary and integer multiplicities, to arbitrary elements of the dual space of differential forms. The flat norm provides a natural distance in the space of currents, and works by decomposing a $d$-dimensional current into $d$- and (the boundary of) $(d+1)$-dimensional pieces in an optimal way. Given an integral current, can we expect its flat norm decomposition to be integral as well? This is not known in general, except in the case of $d$-currents that are boundaries of $(d+1)$-currents in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ (following results from a corresponding problem on the $L^1$ total variation ($L^1$TV) of functionals). On the other hand, for a discretized flat norm on a finite simplicial complex, the analogous statement holds even when the inputs are not boundaries. This simplicial version relies on the total unimodularity of the boundary matrix of the simplicial complex -- a result distinct from the $L^1$TV approach. We develop an analysis framework that extends the result in the simplicial setting to one for $d$-currents in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$, provided a suitable triangulation result holds. In $\mathbb{R}^2$, we use a triangulation result of Shewchuk (bounding both the size and location of small angles), and apply the framework to show that the discrete result implies the continuous result for $1$-currents in $\mathbb{R}^2$.
description: 17 pages, adds some related work and applications
Thermodynamic formalism for transient dynamics on the real line
Creators: name: Gröger, Maik
name: Jaerisch, Johannes
name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a new thermodynamic formalism to investigate the transient behaviour of maps on the real line which are skew-periodic $\mathbb{Z}$-extensions of expanding interval maps. Our main focus lies in the dimensional analysis of the recurrent and transient sets as well as in determining the whole dimension spectrum with respect to $α$-escaping sets. Our results provide a one-dimensional model for the phenomenon of a dimension gap occurring for limit sets of Kleinian groups. In particular, we show that a dimension gap occurs if and only if we have non-zero drift and we are able to precisely quantify its width as an application of our new formalism.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Kinetic description of ion transport in the system "ionic solution -- porous environment"
Creators: name: Tokarchuk, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C40

description: A kinetic approach based on a modified chain of BBGKI equations for nonequilibrium particle distribution functions was used to describe the ion transfer processes in the ionic solution -- porous medium system. A generalized kinetic equation of the revised Enskog--Vlasov--Landau theory for the nonequilibrium ion distribution function in the model of charged solid spheres is obtained, taking into account attractive short-range interactions for the ionic solution -- porous medium system.
Mitigating the Effects of Non-Identifiability on Inference for Bayesian Neural Networks with Latent Variables
Creators: name: Yacoby, Yaniv
name: Pan, Weiwei
name: Doshi-Velez, Finale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian Neural Networks with Latent Variables (BNN+LVs) capture predictive uncertainty by explicitly modeling model uncertainty (via priors on network weights) and environmental stochasticity (via a latent input noise variable). In this work, we first show that BNN+LV suffers from a serious form of non-identifiability: explanatory power can be transferred between the model parameters and latent variables while fitting the data equally well. We demonstrate that as a result, in the limit of infinite data, the posterior mode over the network weights and latent variables is asymptotically biased away from the ground-truth. Due to this asymptotic bias, traditional inference methods may in practice yield parameters that generalize poorly and misestimate uncertainty. Next, we develop a novel inference procedure that explicitly mitigates the effects of likelihood non-identifiability during training and yields high-quality predictions as well as uncertainty estimates. We demonstrate that our inference method improves upon benchmark methods across a range of synthetic and real data-sets.
description: Accepted at JMLR 2022. Previously accepted at ICML's Uncertainty and Robustness in Deep Learning Workshop 2019
Three-layered silver nanoparticles to trace dissolution and association to a green alga
Creators: name: Ponton, Dominic E.
name: Marie-Noële Croteau
name: Luoma, Samuel N.
name: Pourhoseini, Sahar
name: Merrifield, Ruth C.
name: Lead, Jamie R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Core-shell silver nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of an inner Ag core and successive layers of Au and Ag (Ag@Au@Ag) were used to measure the simultaneous association of Ag NPs and ionic Ag by the green alga Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii. Dissolution of the inner Ag core was prevented by a gold (Au) layer, while the outer Ag layer was free to dissolve. In short-term experiments, we exposed C. reinhardtii to a range of environmentally realistic Ag concentrations added as AgNO3 or as NPs. Results provide three lines of evidence for the greater cell-association of NPs compared to dissolved Ag over the concentration range tested, assuming that cell-association comprises both uptake and adsorption. First, the cell-association rate constants (kuw) for total Ag (AgNP+D), NPs (AgNP) and AuNP were similar and 2.2-fold higher than the one from AgD exposure, suggesting predominant association of the particles over the dissolved form. Second, model calculations based on Ag fluxes suggested that only 6–33% of algal burden was from AgD. Third, the significantly lower AgNP/Au ratio measured with the algae after exposure (2.1 ± 0.1) compared to the AgNP/Au ratio of the NPs in the media (2.47 ± 0.05) suggests cell-association of NPs depleted in Ag. Core–shell NPs provide an innovative tool to understand NP behavior and to directly delineate Ag accumulation from ion and NPs in aquatic systems.
Sperchonopsis verrucosa Protz 1896
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Sperchonidae
Sperchonopsis
Sperchonopsis verrucosa

description: Sperchonopsis verrucosa (Protz, 1896)
Records from the study area: Uttaranchal—Pešić & Panesar (2009).
Habitat: Stream.
Distribution: Holarctic.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Exact Solutions and Constraints on the Dark Energy Model in FRW Universe
Creators: name: Joseph, Albin
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inflationary epoch and the late time acceleration of the expansion rate of universe can be explained by assuming a gravitationally coupled scalar field. In this article, we propose a new method of finding exact solutions in the background of flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological models by considering both scalar field and matter where the scalar field potential is a function of the scale factor. Our method provides analytical expressions for equation of state parameter of scalar field, deceleration parameter and Hubble parameter. This method can be applied to various other forms of scalar field potential, to the early radiation dominated epoch and very early scalar field dominated inflationary dynamics. Since the method produces exact analytical expression for $H(a)$ (i.e., H(z) as well), we then constrain the model with currents data sets, which includes-Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, Hubble parameter data and Type 1a Supernova data (Pantheon Dataset). As an extension of the method, we also consider the inverse problem of reconstructing scalar field potential energy by assuming any general analytical expression of scalar field equation of state parameter as a function of scale factor.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
First simulation study of trackless events in the INO-ICAL detector to probe the sensitivity to atmospheric neutrinos oscillation parameters
Creators: name: Chacko, Aleena
name: Indumathi, D.
name: Libby, James F.
name: Behera, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory will host a 50 kton magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) with resistive plate chambers as its active detector element. Its primary focus is to study charged-current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos via the reconstruction of muons in the detector. We present the first study of the energy and direction reconstruction of the final state lepton and hadrons produced in charged current interactions of atmospheric electron neutrinos at ICAL and the sensitivity of these events to neutrino oscillation parameters $θ_{23}$ and $Δm_{32}^2$. However, the signatures of these events are similar to those from neutral-current interactions and charged-current muon neutrino events in which the muon track is not reconstructed. On including the entire set of events that do not produce a muon track, we find that reasonably good sensitivity to $θ_{23}$ is obtained, with a relative $1σ$ precision of 15% on the mixing parameter $\sin^2θ_{23}$, which decreases to 21%, when systematic uncertainties are considered.
Reliable Estimation of CD8 T Cell Inhibition of In Vitro HIV-1 Replication
Creators: name: Weideman, A.M.
name: Roan, N.
name: Abad-Fernandez, M.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Kallon, S.
name: Mollan, K.R.
name: Goonetilleke, N.
name: Kuruc, J.
name: Gay, C.
name: Warren, J.A.
name: Samir, S.
name: Hudgens, M.G.
name: Archin, N.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Clutton, G.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: The HIV-1 viral inhibition assay (VIA) measures CD8 T cell-mediated inhibition of HIV replication in CD4 T cells and is increasingly used for clinical testing of HIV vaccines and immunotherapies. The VIA has multiple sources of variability arising from in vitro HIV infection and co-culture of two T cell populations. Here, we describe multiple modifications to a 7-day VIA protocol, the most impactful being the introduction of independent replicate cultures for both HIV infected-CD4 (HIV-CD4) and HIV-CD4:CD8 T cell cultures. Virus inhibition was quantified using a ratio of weighted averages of p24+ cells in replicate cultures and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. An Excel template is provided to facilitate calculations. Virus inhibition was higher in people living with HIV suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (n=14, mean: 40.0%, median: 43.8%, range: 8.2 to 73.3%; p < 0.0001, two-tailed, exact Mann-Whitney test) compared to HIV-seronegative donors (n = 21, mean: -13.7%, median: -14.4%, range: -49.9 to 20.9%) and was stable over time (n = 6, mean %COV 9.4%, range 0.9 to 17.3%). Cross-sectional data were used to define 8% inhibition as the threshold to confidently detect specific CD8 T cell activity and determine the minimum number of culture replicates and p24+ cells needed to have 90% statistical power to detect this threshold. Last, we note that, in HIV seronegative donors, the addition of CD8 T cells to HIV infected CD4 T cells consistently increased HIV replication, though the level of increase varied markedly between donors. This co-culture effect may contribute to the weak correlations observed between CD8 T cell VIA and other measures of HIV-specific CD8 T cell function.
Supplemental Material for Cabral and Antão, 2019
Creators: name: Cabral, Lucas
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Materials for "Requirements Elicitation Techniques: Including Children with Autistic Spectrum Condition", by Lucas Cabral and Antão Moura
D-GCCA: Decomposition-based Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis for Multi-view High-dimensional Data
Creators: name: Shu, Hai
name: Qu, Zhe
name: Zhu, Hongtu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern biomedical studies often collect multi-view data, that is, multiple types of data measured on the same set of objects. A popular model in high-dimensional multi-view data analysis is to decompose each view's data matrix into a low-rank common-source matrix generated by latent factors common across all data views, a low-rank distinctive-source matrix corresponding to each view, and an additive noise matrix. We propose a novel decomposition method for this model, called decomposition-based generalized canonical correlation analysis (D-GCCA). The D-GCCA rigorously defines the decomposition on the L2 space of random variables in contrast to the Euclidean dot product space used by most existing methods, thereby being able to provide the estimation consistency for the low-rank matrix recovery. Moreover, to well calibrate common latent factors, we impose a desirable orthogonality constraint on distinctive latent factors. Existing methods, however, inadequately consider such orthogonality and may thus suffer from substantial loss of undetected common-source variation. Our D-GCCA takes one step further than generalized canonical correlation analysis by separating common and distinctive components among canonical variables, while enjoying an appealing interpretation from the perspective of principal component analysis. Furthermore, we propose to use the variable-level proportion of signal variance explained by common or distinctive latent factors for selecting the variables most influenced. Consistent estimators of our D-GCCA method are established with good finite-sample numerical performance, and have closed-form expressions leading to efficient computation especially for large-scale data. The superiority of D-GCCA over state-of-the-art methods is also corroborated in simulations and real-world data examples.
description: The publisher's version is available at https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v23/20-021.html
Enzyme kinetic and binding studies identify determinants of specificity for the immunomodulatory enzyme ScpA, a C5a inactivating bacterial protease
Creators: name: Teçza, Malgorzata
name: Kagawa, Todd
name: Jain, Monica
name: Cooney, Jakki
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The Streptococcal C5a peptidase (ScpA) specifically inactivates the human complement factor hC5a, a potent anaphylatoxin recently identified as a therapeutic target for treatment of COVID-19 infections. Biologics used to modulate hC5a are predominantly monoclonal antibodies. Here we present data to support an alternative therapeutic approach based on the specific inactivation of hC5a by ScpA in studies using recombinant hC5a (rhC5a). Initial characterization of ScpA confirmed activity in human serum and against rhC5a desArg (rhC5adR), the predominant hC5a form in blood. A new FRET based enzyme assay showed that ScpA cleaved rhC5a at near physiological concentrations (Km 185 nM). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) studies established a high affinity ScpA-rhC5a interaction (KD 34 nM,KDITC 30.8 nM). SPR analyses also showed that substrate binding is dominated (88% of ΔG°bind) by interactions with the bulky N-ter cleavage product (PN, ’core’ residues 1–67) with interactions involving the C-ter R74 contributing most of the remaining ΔG°bind. Furthermore, reduced binding affinity following mutation of a subset of positively charged Arginine residues of PN and in the presence of higher salt concentrations, highlighted the importance of electrostatic interactions. These data provide the first in-depth study of the ScpA-C5a interaction and indicate that ScpA’s ability to efficiently cleave physiological concentrations of C5a is driven by electrostatic interactions between an exosite on the enzyme and the ‘core’ of C5a. The results and methods described herein will facilitate engineering of ScpA to enhance its potential as a therapeutic for excessive immune response to infectious disease.
Ticagrelor for Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome in real-world practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Creators: name: Galimzhanov, Akhmetzhan
name: Azizov, Baurzhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Free Full Text
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2019.01.003
Download related data:View dataset on Mendeley Data
© 2019 Cardiological Society of India. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the
CC BY-NC-ND license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel in Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in real-world practice.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched systematically to obtain relevant Asian observational studies.ResultsThe meta-analysis included six studies with 27959 participants. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor was significantly beneficial in prevention of major adverse cardiac events (MACCEs) (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.83, I2=69%, p=0.001) mainly driven by reducing stroke (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.49-0.78, I2=0%, p<0.001). No differences were found between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the risk of cardiovascular mortality (OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.41-1.06, I2=0%, p=0.09), target vessel revascularization (OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.21-1.35, I2=82%, p=0.18), major bleeding (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.62-2.00, I2=75%, p=0.73), and net adverse clinical and cerebral events (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.55-1.04, I2=78%, p=0.09). However, ticagrelor significantly increased the incidence of major/minor (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.36-2.21, I2=0%, p<0.001) and minor bleeding (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.29-2.32, I2=0%, p<0.001). Sensitivity analyses did not find consistent effect of ticagrelor on prevention of all-cause death and myocardial infarction.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggested that ticagrelor might reduce the risk of MACCEs mainly by reducing stroke in Asian patients with ACS without increasing the rates of major bleeding. Ticagrelor did not show a significant effect on other parts of MACCEs. Considerable increase in the risk of major/minor and minor bleeding was observed in ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel users. Further high-quality studies are required to support these findings.
Mixing operators with prescribed unimodular eigenvectors
Creators: name: Beise, Hans-Peter
name: Frerick, Leonhard
name: Müller, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A16

description: For arbitrary closed countable subsets $Z$ of the unit circle examples of topologically mixing operators on Hilbert spaces are given which have a densely spanning set of unimodular eigenvectors with eigenvalues restricted to $Z$. In particular, these operators cannot be ergodic in the Gaussian sense.
description: 8 pages
Parameterized DAWGs: efficient constructions and bidirectional pattern searches
Creators: name: Nakashima, Katsuhito
name: Fujisato, Noriki
name: Hendrian, Diptarama
name: Nakashima, Yuto
name: Yoshinaka, Ryo
name: Inenaga, Shunsuke
name: Bannai, Hideo
name: Shinohara, Ayumi
name: Takeda, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two strings $x$ and $y$ over $Σ\cup Π$ of equal length are said to \emph{parameterized match} (\emph{p-match}) if there is a renaming bijection $f:Σ\cup Π\rightarrow Σ\cup Π$ that is identity on $Σ$ and transforms $x$ to $y$ (or vice versa). The \emph{p-matching} problem is to look for substrings in a text that p-match a given pattern. In this paper, we propose \emph{parameterized suffix automata} (\emph{p-suffix automata}) and \emph{parameterized directed acyclic word graphs} (\emph{PDAWGs}) which are the p-matching versions of suffix automata and DAWGs. While suffix automata and DAWGs are equivalent for standard strings, we show that p-suffix automata can have $Θ(n^2)$ nodes and edges but PDAWGs have only $O(n)$ nodes and edges, where $n$ is the length of an input string. We also give an $O(n |Π| \log (|Π| + |Σ|))$-time $O(n)$-space algorithm that builds the PDAWG in a left-to-right online manner. As a byproduct, it is shown that the \emph{parameterized suffix tree} for the reversed string can also be built in the same time and space, in a right-to-left online manner. This duality also leads us to two further efficient algorithms for p-matching: Given the parameterized suffix tree for the reversal of the input string $T$, one can build the PDAWG of $T$ in $O(n)$ time in an offline manner; One can perform \emph{bidirectional} p-matching in $O(m \log (|Π|+|Σ|) + \mathit{occ})$ time using $O(n)$ space, where $m$ denotes the pattern length and $\mathit{occ}$ is the number of pattern occurrences in the text $T$.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
The Complexity of Divisibility
Creators: name: Bausch, Johannes
name: Cubitt, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.1; G.3; J.2
subject: 60-08 (Primary), 81Q08, 68Q30 (Secondary)

description: We address two sets of long-standing open questions in probability theory, from a computational complexity perspective: divisibility of stochastic maps, and divisibility and decomposability of probability distributions. We prove that finite divisibility of stochastic maps is an NP-complete problem, and extend this result to nonnegative matrices, and completely-positive trace-preserving maps, i.e. the quantum analogue of stochastic maps. We further prove a complexity hierarchy for the divisibility and decomposability of probability distributions, showing that finite distribution divisibility is in P, but decomposability is NP-hard. For the former, we give an explicit polynomial-time algorithm. All results on distributions extend to weak-membership formulations, proving that the complexity of these problems is robust to perturbations.
description: 50 pages, 11 figures. Journal-accepted version
Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in men living with HIV
Creators: name: Spence, A.B.
name: Aouizerat, B.E.
name: Wohlgemuth, W.K.
name: Stosor, V.
name: Starita, C.U.
name: Rubtsova, A.
name: Skvarca, C.
name: Wallace, D.M.
name: Jones Weiss, D.L.
name: Alcaide, M.L.
name: Gange, S.J.
name: Punjabi, N.M.
name: Patel, S.R.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Anastos, K.
name: Long, D.M.
name: Anziska, Y.
name: Levine, A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2021

description: Background Data on the prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in people with HIV are limited. This study sought to determine the prevalence of RLS, associated clinical correlates, and characterize sleep-related differences in men with and without HIV. Methods Sleep-related data were collected in men who have sex with men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Demographic, health behaviors, HIV status, comorbidities, and serological data were obtained from the MACS visit coinciding with sleep assessments. Participants completed questionnaires, home polysomnography, and wrist actigraphy. RLS status was determined with the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire. RLS prevalence was compared in men with and without HIV. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine correlates of RLS among all participants and men with HIV alone. Sleep-related differences were examined in men with and without HIV by RLS status. Results The sample consisted of 942 men (56% HIV+; mean age 57 years; 69% white). The prevalence of definite RLS was comparable in men with and without HIV (9.1% vs 8.7%). In multinomial regression, HIV status was not associated with RLS prevalence. However, white race, anemia, depression, and antidepressant use were each independently associated with RLS. HIV disease duration was also associated with RLS. Men with HIV and RLS reported poorer sleep quality, greater sleepiness, and had worse objective sleep efficiency/ fragmentation than men without HIV/RLS. Conclusions The prevalence of RLS in men with and without HIV was similar. Screening for RLS may be considered among people with HIV with insomnia and with long-standing disease.
Sexual Homicide and its Investigation: New Perspectives to Improve Police Practices
Creators: name: Chopin Julien
name: Beauregard Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: When it comes to solving a sexual homicide, criminal investigators are faced with a difficult but important task. In most cases, suspect identification is challenging because these crimes are mostly perpetrated by unknown offenders with no relationship with the victims. Moreover, sexual homicides may be characterized by unusual and seemingly irrational behaviors, which render the understanding of the crime scene and its reconstruction more complex for investigators. Finally, as these crimes are relatively rare, investigators may not have developed the experience and expertise needed to manage these cases. This chapter aims to present knowledge on the crime-commission process of sexual homicide offenders to improve investigative practices. The chapter begins by reviewing different ways to operationalize sexual homicide. Then, it presents the main findings about the investigative typologies of sexual homicide as well as the crime-commission process used to successfully complete these crimes. This chapter also reviews recent findings on the sexual murderers’ spatial behaviors, victims’ body disposal patterns, as well as their relationship with forensic evidence and avoidance detection strategies. The chapter concludes by discussing the main implications of these findings for police practices.
Assessment of the global Copernicus, NASADEM, ASTER and AW3D digital elevation models in Central and Southern Africa
Creators: name: Okolie, Chukwuma J.
name: Mills, Jon P.
name: Adeleke, Adedayo K.
name: Smit, Julian L.
name: Peppa, Maria V.
name: Altunel, Arif O.
name: Arungwa, Ikenna D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Validation studies of global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in the existing literature are limited by the diversity and spread of landscapes, terrain types considered and sparseness of groundtruth. Moreover, there are knowledge gaps on the accuracy variations in rugged and complex landscapes, and previous studies have often not relied on robust internal and external validation measures. Thus, there is still only partial understanding and limited perspective of the reliability and adequacy of global DEMs for several applications. In this study, we utilize a dense spread of LiDAR groundtruth to assess the vertical accuracies of four medium-resolution, readily available, free-access and global coverage 1 arc-second (30 m) DEMs: NASADEM, ASTER GDEM, Copernicus GLO-30, and ALOS World 3D (AW3D). The assessment is carried out at landscapes spread across Cape Town, Southern Africa (urban/industrial, agricultural, mountain, peninsula and grassland/shrubland) and forested national parks in Gabon, Central Africa (low-relief tropical rainforest and high-relief tropical rainforest). The statistical analysis is based on robust accuracy metrics that cater for normal and non-normal elevation error distribution, and error ranking. In Cape Town, Copernicus DEM generally had the least vertical error with an overall Mean Error (ME) of 0.82 m and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.34 m while ASTER DEM had the poorest performance. However, ASTER GDEM and NASADEM performed better in the low-relief and high-relief tropical forests of Gabon. Generally, the DEM errors have a moderate to high positive correlation in forests, and a low to moderate positive correlation in mountains and urban areas. Copernicus DEM showed superior vertical accuracy in forests with less than 40% tree cover, while ASTER and NASADEM performed better in denser forests with tree cover greater than 70%. This study is a robust regional assessment of these global DEMs.
Perfectly parallel cosmological simulations using spatial comoving Lagrangian acceleration
Creators: name: Leclercq, Florent
name: Faure, Baptiste
name: Lavaux, Guilhem
name: Wandelt, Benjamin D.
name: Jaffe, Andrew H.
name: Heavens, Alan F.
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Noûs, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existing cosmological simulation methods lack a high degree of parallelism due to the long-range nature of the gravitational force, which limits the size of simulations that can be run at high resolution. To solve this problem, we propose a new, perfectly parallel approach to simulate cosmic structure formation, which is based on the spatial COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (sCOLA) framework. Building upon a hybrid analytical and numerical description of particles' trajectories, our algorithm allows for an efficient tiling of a cosmological volume, where the dynamics within each tile is computed independently. As a consequence, the degree of parallelism is equal to the number of tiles. We optimised the accuracy of sCOLA through the use of a buffer region around tiles and of appropriate Dirichlet boundary conditions around sCOLA boxes. As a result, we show that cosmological simulations at the degree of accuracy required for the analysis of the next generation of surveys can be run in drastically reduced wall-clock times and with very low memory requirements. The perfect scalability of our algorithm unlocks profoundly new possibilities for computing larger cosmological simulations at high resolution, taking advantage of a variety of hardware architectures.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Typos corrected with respect to A&A published version. The code is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/florent-leclercq/simbelmyne/
A characterization of singular Schrödinger operators on the half-line
Creators: name: Scandone, Raffaele
name: Baglini, Lorenzo Luperi
name: Simonov, Kyrylo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L40, 34E15, 35J10, 03H05, 26E35, 47S20

description: We study a class of delta-like perturbations of the Laplacian on the half-line, characterized by Robin boundary conditions at the origin. Using the formalism of nonstandard analysis, we derive a simple connection with a suitable family of Schrödinger operators with potentials of very large (infinite) magnitude and very short (infinitesimal) range. As a consequence, we also derive a similar result for point interactions in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$, in the case of radial potentials. Moreover, we discuss explicitly our results in the case of potentials that are linear in a neighbourhood of the origin.
description: 16 pages
Exploiting Transformer-based Multitask Learning for the Detection of Media Bias in News Articles
Creators: name: Spinde, Timo
name: Krieger, Jan-David
name: Ruas, Terry
name: Mitrović, Jelena
name: Götz-Hahn, Franz
name: Aizawa, Akiko
name: Gipp, Bela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Media has a substantial impact on the public perception of events. A one-sided or polarizing perspective on any topic is usually described as media bias. One of the ways how bias in news articles can be introduced is by altering word choice. Biased word choices are not always obvious, nor do they exhibit high context-dependency. Hence, detecting bias is often difficult. We propose a Transformer-based deep learning architecture trained via Multi-Task Learning using six bias-related data sets to tackle the media bias detection problem. Our best-performing implementation achieves a macro $F_{1}$ of 0.776, a performance boost of 3\% compared to our baseline, outperforming existing methods. Our results indicate Multi-Task Learning as a promising alternative to improve existing baseline models in identifying slanted reporting.
Estimating China’s poverty reduction efficiency by integrating multi-source geospatial data and deep learning techniques
Creators: name: Yao, Yao
name: Zhou, Jianfeng
name: Sun, Zhenhui
name: Guan, Qingfeng
name: Guo, Zhiqiang
name: Xu, Yin
name: Zhang, Jinbao
name: Hong, Ye
name: Cai, Yuyang
name: Wang, Ruoyu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries, so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to explore China’s progress in poverty reduction from 2016 to 2019 through time-series multi-source geospatial data and a deep learning model. The poverty reduction efficiency (PRE) is measured by the difference in the out-of-poverty rates (which measures the probability of being not poor) of 2016 and 2019. The study shows that the probability of poverty in all regions of China has shown an overall decreasing trend (PRE = 0.264), which indicates that the progress in poverty reduction during this period is significant. The Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line) shows an uneven geographical pattern of out-of-poverty rate between Southeast and Northwest China. From 2016 to 2019, the centroid of China’s out-of-poverty rate moved 105.786 km to the northeast while the standard deviation ellipse of the out-of-poverty rate moved 3 degrees away from the Hu Line, indicating that the regions with high out-of-poverty rates are more concentrated on the east side of the Hu Line from 2016 to 2019. The results imply that the government’s future poverty reduction policies should pay attention to the infrastructure construction in poor areas and appropriately increase the population density in poor areas. This study fills the gap in the research on poverty reduction under multiple scales and provides useful implications for the government’s poverty reduction policy.
Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/ Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection
Creators: name: Kassaye, S.G.
name: Switzer, W.M.
name: Anastos, K.
name: Delaney, K.
name: French, A.L.
name: Ofotokun, I.
name: Pan, Y.
name: Bolivar, H.
name: Hanson, C.V.
name: Curtis, K.A.
name: DeHovitz, J.
name: Rudolph, D.L.
name: Peters, P.J.
name: Kempf, M.-C.
name: Golub, E.
name: Adimora, A.A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2021

description: Background Given the challenges and costs associated with implementing HIV-1 incidence assay testing, there is great interest in evaluating the use of commercial HIV diagnostic tests for determining recent HIV infection. A diagnostic test with the capability of providing reliable data for the determination of recent HIV infection without substantial modifications to the test protocol would have a significant impact on HIV surveillance. The Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay is an antigen/antibody immunoassay, which meets the criteria as the first screening test in the recommended HIV laboratory diagnostic algorithm for the United States. Methods In this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/Co) for determining recent infection, including estimation of the mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) and false recent rate (FRR), and selection of recency cutoffs. Results The MDRI estimates for the S/Co recency cutoff of 400 is within the 4 to 12 months range recommended for HIV incidence assays, and the FRR rate for this cutoff was 1.5%. Additionally, ARCHITECT Combo S/Co values were compared relative to diagnostic test results from two prior prospective HIV-1 diagnostic studies in order to validate the use of the S/Co for both diagnostic and recency determination. Conclusion Dual-use of the ARCHITECT Combo assay data for diagnostic and incidence purposes would reduce the need for separate HIV incidence testing and allow for monitoring of recent infection for incidence estimation and other public health applications. © 2021 This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
title: James Gillray: „The Plumb-pudding in danger“
Creators: name: Berbig, Jasmin
Publisher: name: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Karikaturist
subject: 020
subject: 740

description: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena - Objekt des Monats, vol. 5,2021
Pfarrwoche: Macht euch die Schöpfung untertan - aber macht sie nicht kaputt!
Creators: name: Gehring, Hans
name: Kerstiens, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 17 Nr. 4 (1986): Diakonia, Band 17, Heft 4
title: Johann Michael Moscherosch: Wunderliche Warhafftige Gesichte Philanders von Sittewald […], Straßburg: Mülbe u. Städel 1650
Creators: name: Hoge-Benteler, Boris
Publisher: name: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dreißigjähriger Krieg
subject: 020
subject: 943
subject: 830

description: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena - Objekt des Monats, vol. 05, 2020
title: Nicolo Machiavelli: Tvtte Le Opere. Divise In V. Parti, Et Di Nvovo Con Som-ma Accvratezza Ristampate. [s. l.]: [s. n.], M. D. L.
Creators: name: Glatz, Uwe
Publisher: name: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nicolo Machiavelli
subject: 020
subject: 100

description: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena - Objekt des Monats, vol. 05, 2019
Obesity is associated with lower bacterial vaginosis prevalence in menopausal but not pre-menopausal women in a retrospective analysis of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Creators: name: Murphy, K.
name: Sheth, A.
name: Daubert, E.
name: Weber, K.M.
name: French, A.L.
name: Muzny, C.A.
name: Gustafson, D.
name: Seidman, D.
name: Michel, K.
name: Alcaide, M.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Spear, G.T.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2021

description: The vaginal microbiota is known to impact women’s health, but the biological factors that influence the composition of the microbiota are not fully understood. We previously observed that levels of glycogen in the lumen of the vagina were higher in women that had a high body mass index (BMI). Vaginal glycogen is thought to impact the composition of the vaginal microbiota. We therefore sought to determine if BMI was associated having or not having bacterial vaginosis (BV), as determined by the Amsel criteria. We also hypothesized that increased blood glucose levels could lead to the previously-observed higher vaginal glycogen levels and therefore investigated if hemoglobin A1c levels were associated with BV. We analyzed data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study using multiple multivariable (GEE) logistic regression models to assess the relationship between BMI, BV and blood glucose. Women with a BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese) had a lower rate (multivariable adjusted OR 0.87 (0.79–0.97), p = 0.009) of BV compared to the reference group (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). There was a significantly lower rate of BV in post-menopausal obese women compared to the post-menopausal reference group, but not in pre-menopausal women. HIV- post-menopausal obese women had a significantly lower rate of BV, but this was not seen in HIV+ post-menopausal obese women. Pre-menopausal women with a higher hemoglobin A1c (≥6.5%) had a significantly lower rate (multivariable adjusted OR 0.66 (0.49–0.91), p = 0.010) of BV compared to pre-menopausal women with normal hemoglobin A1c levels (<5.7%), but there was no difference in post-menopausal women. This study shows an inverse association of BMI with BV in post-menopausal women and hemoglobin A1c with BV in pre-menopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm these relationships in other cohorts across different reproductive stages and to identify underlying mechanisms for these observed associations.