cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Third order viscous hydrodynamics from the entropy four current
Creators: name: Younus, Mohammed
name: Muronga, Azwinndini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium dynamics for relativistic fluid or quark gluon plasma (QGP) have already been calculated earlier upto third order using both kinetic and thermodynamic approaches. Calculations presented in this manuscript are based on thermodynamics principles. The expressions for third order dissipative fluxes have been derived from equation for entropy 4-current developed earlier by A. Muronga. The relaxation equations in the present work have been developed in a simple Bjorken (1+1)D scenario and Eckart frame. The relaxation equations are found to have slightly different values for the coupling coefficients as compared to calculations from earlier models. The solutions to the differential equations have been found to be sensitive to values of these coefficients. The shear relaxation equations derived in third order theory are discussed term by term. Effects of third order theory on shear relaxation time has been discussed. Thermodynamic quantities related to hot and dense matter have been calculated as functions of proper time. Moreover, various initial conditions for the relaxation equations have been assumed to study their effects on above mentioned observables. A LHC QGP formation time of $τ_0$ = 0.4 fm/c and temperature of T$_0$ = 500 MeV have been assumed.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures (Fig. 6 is with two plots)
High Efficiency IGBTs through Novel Three-Dimensional Modelling and New Architectures
Creators: name: Findlay, Emma Mae
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
Birds-Beak
Three-dimensional Technology Computer Aided Design modelling (3D TCAD)
Power devices
Power electronics
Reverse Conducting Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (RC-IGBT)
SuperJunction (SJ)
Body diode
Anti-parallel diode
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
Silicon-carbide

description: New Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) designs are reliant on simulation tools, such as Sentaurus technology computer-aided design (TCAD) models, which allow for rapid device development that could not be achieved by manufacturing prototypes due to the cost and time associated with fabrication. These simulations are, though, computationally expensive and typically most design engineers develop these TCAD models only in two dimensions. This leads to inaccuracies in the model output since manufactured transistors are inherently three-dimensional (3D). Based upon a commercial IGBT, this thesis begins by outlining the development of a 3D TCAD model using design details provided by the manufacturer. Large variations between the experimental data from the manufactured device and the simulation model lead to the discovery of widespread birds-beaking within the IGBT – an uncontrollable processing defect that the manufacturer was unaware of. This thesis presents a new simulation technique to account for this processing error while minimising computational effort and investigates the consequence of this birds-beak on the reliability of the device. The verified 3D IGBT model was also used to determine an optimum cell design that considered critical 3D effects omitted from previous studies. An extensive literature review for the Reverse-Conducting IGBT (RC-IGBT) is provided. It is shown that despite the benefits of the RC-IGBT, the device suffers from many undesirable design trade-offs that have prevented its widespread use. The RC-IGBT designs that have currently been proposed in literature, either present a trade-off in performance, an inability to be manufactured, or a requirement for a custom gate drive. This thesis presents a new RC-IGBT concept, the ‘Dual Implant SuperJunction (SJ) RC-IGBT’ that addresses these concerns and is manufacturable using current state of the art techniques. The concept and proposed manufacturing method enables, for the first time, a full SuperJunction structure to be achieved in a 1.2kV device. In addition, an investigation into a coordinated switching scheme using both a silicon IGBT and silicon-carbide MOSFET was undertaken, which aimed to improve turn-off losses within the IGBT without sacrificing on-state losses. Thermal modelling of the power devices switching under inductive load was explored as the system was optimised to use a SiC MOSFET in excess of its nominal ratings, reducing the overall system cost.
description: EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership scheme (grant RG75686)
Crossbred cows and food security: A study of smallholder farm households in the Ethiopian highlands
Creators: name: Tangka, F. K. L.
name: Emerson, R. D.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Tangka, F. K. L.
name: Emerson, R. D.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: dairy
subject: market
subject: smallholder
subject: nutrition
subject: income
subject: food security
subject: gender
subject: women
subject: crossbred cows
subject: highlands
subject: Ethiopia

description: This study evaluates the effects of a market-oriented dairy development project on smallholder farm households and to identify policy options that would enhance beneficial impacts and mitigate harmful outcomes of the new technologies. Based on a sample of project participating households and a control group, the study measured the food security effects resulting from the introduction of crossbred cow technology, assessed the effect of market oriented dairy production on incomes handled by women and its consequence on them and food consumption, and evaluated the agricultural market surplus effects of intensified dairying.
description: Published by Lambert academic publishers, Germany
Confronting Grand Challenges in Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Creators: name: Dauxois, T.
name: Peacock, T.
name: Bauer, P.
name: Caulfield, C. P.
name: Cenedese, C.
name: Gorlé, C.
name: Haller, G.
name: Ivey, G. N.
name: Linden, P. F.
name: Meiburg, E.
name: Pinardi, N.
name: Vriend, N. M.
name: Woods, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Environmental fluid mechanics underlies a wealth of natural, industrial and, by extension, societal challenges. In the coming decades, as we strive towards a more sustainable planet, there are a wide range of grand challenge problems that need to be tackled, ranging from fundamental advances in understanding and modeling of stratified turbulence and consequent mixing, to applied studies of pollution transport in the ocean, atmosphere and urban environments. A workshop was organized in the Les Houches School of Physics in France in January 2019 with the objective of gathering leading figures in the field to produce a road map for the scientific community. Five subject areas were addressed: multiphase flow, stratified flow, ocean transport, atmospheric and urban transport, and weather and climate prediction. This article summarizes the discussions and outcomes of the meeting, with the intent of providing a resource for the community going forward.
MOESM3 of Behaviour and molecular identification of Anopheles malaria vectors in Jayapura district, Papua province, Indonesia
Creators: name: Laurent, Brandy St.
name: Sukowati Supratman
name: Puji Asih
name: Bretz, David
name: Mueller, John
name: Miller, Helen
name: Amirullah Baharuddin
name: Shinta
name: Asik Surya
name: Ngai, Michelle
name: Laihad, Ferdinand
name: Syafruddin, Din
name: Hawley, William
name: Collins, Frank
name: Lobo, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Variation on of morphological proboscis phenotypes of the An. punctulatus group A1-C12 Phenotypic proboscis characteristics of the An. punctulatus group adapted from Rozebloom and Knight [34] and Bryan [36] with an additional phenotype C-13.
Atherigona Rondani
Creators: name: Couri, Marcia S.
name: Pont, Adrian C.
name: Daugeron, Christophe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Atherigona

description: Genus Atherigona Rondani
 Atherigona Rondani, 1856: 97. Type-species: Anthomyia varia Meigen, 1826, orig. des.
 Diagnosis. Small flies, body colour grey or yellowish-grey; head angular, with long face and long antennal postpedicel; arista bare; one pair of reclinate orbital setae; palpus differentiated between the two sexes: in subgenus Acritochaeta Grimshaw, male palpus elongate and flattened, female palpus large and band-shaped; and in subgenus Atherigona Rondani, male palpus short, club-like, and female palpus long and narrow; dorsocentral setae reduced; katepisternals 1:2; setae on scutum and legs very short; hind tibia without calcar; wing veins bare; abdomen in males of subgenus Atherigona with a trifoliate process and a hypopygial prominence, both absent in subgenus Acritochaeta; adult female with (subgenus Atherigona) or without (subgenus Acritochaeta) a pair of small anterior plates on tergite 8 of ovipositor.
 Comments. The genus is very well represented in the Australasian and Oceanian Regions with 54 species listed in the last catalogue (Pont 1989). Five of them have been recorded from Vanuatu: A. orientalis Schiner, A. poecilopoda Bezzi (see paragraph below), A. oryzae Malloch, A. simplex (Thomson) and A. tibiseta Malloch. Although this is one of the most speciose muscid genera occurring on Vanuatu, relatively few specimens have been collected except for the hemisynanthropic A. orientalis. The Atherigona fauna of Vanuatu shares some elements with that of New Caledonia, but A. bidens Hennig and A. poecilopoda Bezzi are found in New Caledonia but not in Vanuatu whilst A. punctata Karl is found in Vanuatu but not in New Caledonia (Couri et al. 2010).
 So far as A. poecilopoda is concerned, the Pacific records given by Pont (1989) are based either on misidentifications or on specimens misplaced in the BMNH collection, except for the records from Fiji and New Caledonia. No specimens of this species have been seen from Vanuatu.
description: Published as part of Couri, Marcia S., Pont, Adrian C. & Daugeron, Christophe, 2010, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Vanuatu, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2556 (1) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2556.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5302228
Determining the oscillation parameters by Solar neutrinos and KamLAND
Creators: name: Nunokawa, H.
name: Teves, W. J. C.
name: Funchal, R. Zukanovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino oscillation experiment KamLAND has given the first evidence for disappearance of $\bar ν_e$ coming from nuclear reactors. We have combined their data with all the solar neutrino data assuming two flavor neutrino mixing and obtained allowed parameter regions which are compatible with the so-called large mixing angle MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem. The allowed regions in the plane of mixing angle and mass squared difference are now split into two islands at 99% C.L. We have speculated how these two islands can be separated in the near future. We have shown that a 50% reduction of the error on SNO neutral-current measurement can be important in establishing in each of these islands the true values of these parameters lie. We also have simulated KamLAND positron energy spectrum after 1 year of data taking, assuming the current best fitted values of the oscillation parameters, combined it the with current solar neutrino data and showed how these two split islands can be modified.
description: 16 pages and 9 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Eﬀect of pH on the Properties of Hydrogels Cross-Linked via Dynamic Thia-Michael Addition Bonds
Creators: name: FitzSimons, Thomas M.
name: Anslyn, Eric V.
name: Rosales, Adrienne M.
Publisher: name: ACS Publications
Year: 2021
Subjects: Thia-Michael
hydrogel
viscoelastic
self-healing
biomaterial
release
dynamic covalent

description: Hydrogels cross-linked with dynamic covalent bonds exhibit time-dependent properties, making them an advantageous platform for applications ranging from biomaterials to self-healing networks. However, the relationship between the cross-link exchange kinetics, material properties, and stability of these platforms is not fully understood, especially upon addition of external stimuli. In this work, pH was used as a handle to manipulate cross-link exchange kinetics and control the resulting hydrogel mechanics and stability in a physiologically relevant window. Poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels were cross-linked with a reversible thia-Michael addition reaction in aqueous buﬀer between pH 3 and pH 7. The rate constants of bond exchange and equilibrium constants were determined for each pH value, and these data were correlated with the resulting mechanical proﬁles of the bulk hydrogels. With increasing pH, both the forward and the reverse rate constants increased, while the equilibrium constant decreased. These changes led to faster stress relaxation and less stiﬀ hydrogels at more basic pH values. The elevated pH values also led to an increased mass loss and a faster rate of release of an encapsulated model bovine serum albumin ﬂuorescent protein. The connection between the kinetics, mechanics, and molecular release proﬁles provides important insight into the structure−property relationships of dynamic covalent hydrogels, and this system oﬀers a promising platform for controlled release between physiologically relevant pH values.
A Study Of A New Class Of Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations
Creators: name: Kundu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of 1D discrete nonlinear Schr${\ddot{\rm{o}}}$dinger Hamiltonians with tunable nonlinerities is introduced, which includes the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik system as a limit. A new subset of equations, which are derived from these Hamiltonians using a generalized definition of Poisson brackets, and collectively refered to as the N-AL equation, is studied. The symmetry properties of the equation are discussed. These equations are shown to possess propagating localized solutions, having the continuous translational symmetry of the one-soliton solution of the Ablowitz-Ladik nonlinear Schr${\ddot{\rm{o}}}$dinger equation. The N-AL systems are shown to be suitable to study the combined effect of the dynamical imbalance of nonlinearity and dispersion and the Peierls-Nabarro potential, arising from the lattice discreteness, on the propagating solitary wave like profiles. A perturbative analysis shows that the N-AL systems can have discrete breather solutions, due to the presence of saddle center bifurcations in phase portraits. The unstaggered localized states are shown to have positive effective mass. On the other hand, large width but small amplitude staggered localized states have negative effective mass. The collison dynamics of two colliding solitary wave profiles are studied numerically. Notwithstanding colliding solitary wave profiles are seen to exhibit nontrivial nonsolitonic interactions, certain universal features are observed in the collison dynamics. Future scopes of this work and possible applications of the N-AL systems are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, revtex4, xmgr, gnu
Maximally nonassociative quasigroups via quadratic orthomorphisms
Creators: name: Drapal, Ales
name: Wanless, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05, 05B15

description: A quasigroup $Q$ is called maximally nonassociative if for $x,y,z\in Q$ we have that $x\cdot (y\cdot z) = (x\cdot y)\cdot z$ only if $x=y=z$. We show that, with finitely many exceptions, there exists a maximally nonassociative quasigroup of order $n$ whenever $n$ is not of the form $n=2p_1$ or $n=2p_1p_2$ for primes $p_1,p_2$ with $p_1\le p_2<2p_1$.
MOESM1 of Behaviour and molecular identification of Anopheles malaria vectors in Jayapura district, Papua province, Indonesia
Creators: name: Laurent, Brandy St.
name: Sukowati Supratman
name: Puji Asih
name: Bretz, David
name: Mueller, John
name: Miller, Helen
name: Amirullah Baharuddin
name: Shinta
name: Asik Surya
name: Ngai, Michelle
name: Laihad, Ferdinand
name: Syafruddin, Din
name: Hawley, William
name: Collins, Frank
name: Lobo, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The frequency of Anopheles farauti 4 mosquitoes caught outdoors. Chi square goodness of fit test of hourly biting rates of An. farauti 4. The frequency of An. farauti 4 outdoors before midnight was higher than between the hours of midnight and 6 (χ2: 392.38, df = 1, p ≦ 0.0001). Bars show differences in hourly biting where ***p
Policy constraints for implementation of the proposed programs for investment in agriculture, food security and nutrition in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jabbar, Mohammad A
name: Jabbar, Mohammad A
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food policy
subject: food security
subject: nutrition
subject: agricultural development
subject: country investment plan
subject: planning
subject: Food policy monitoring
subject: food action plan
subject: Bangladesh
subject: IFPRI

description: The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP) was prepared in mid-2010 with a view to mobilize resources to complement national budget, especially access external resources through the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. The CIP “provides for a coherent set of priority investment programs to improve food security and nutrition in an integrated way” and the proposed programs have been derived from the National Food Policy 2006 and its Plan of Action (PoA) 2008-2015 and involved wide consultations with key ministries, private sector, NGOs and development partners. It is stated in the CIP that it “ builds on the very solid existing policies, strategies and plans in support of food security” , it recognizes that a number of existing policies may be controversial but the CIP “does not in itself address these policy issues: it focuses on investment and builds on existing policies. However, a number of investments under the CIP will contribute to the policy debate, e.g. by investing in information, analyses and exploring various implementation options, so that policy dialogue is not ideological but based on technical analysis and feasibility studies. The CIP would also lead to policy development and reforms”. Further, the CIP was conceived as a “living document to be regularly revised as a result of (i) further consultations with stakeholders; (ii) changing circumstances; (iii) feedback from monitoring and evaluation activities”. In line with the above, the NFP 2006 and the PoA 2008-2015 and some of the other relevant policy documents that culminated or fed into the NFP and PoA were reviewed and a selected number of public, private and NGO sector actors were consulted/interviewed to assess the extent to which the existing policies and strategies were (i) up to date, consistent and synergistic with the three dimensions of food security (availability, access and nutrition or utilization) and (ii) facilitating or limiting the participation of the private and NGO sectors in the proposed CIP programs alongside the public sector for achievement of the CIP objectives with respect to availability dimension of food security.
description: Prepared for the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
Targeting Mitochondrial ROS Production in Kidney Transplantation
Creators: name: Beach, Timothy Elliott
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ischaemia reperfusion injury
Transplantation
Succinate
Mitochondria
Kidney
Malonate
reactive oxygen species

description: Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable consequence of transplant practices but is associated with reduced levels of graft function and survival. In addition, concerns regarding the severity of IRI has restricted the greater use of organs from the available donor pool. Critically, no pharmacological therapies currently exist to ameliorate the effects of IRI in organ transplantation (or other IRI-related pathologies), partly due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Recently, a specific mechanism of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thought to initiate many of the downstream pathways resulting in IRI, has been described. This mechanism has identified a number of new therapeutic targets within mitochondria, including the respiratory complex succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The aim of this thesis was to determine whether malonate ester prodrugs, which competitively inhibit SDH, may reduce mitochondrial ROS production and ameliorate IRI in models of kidney transplantation. Herein, I show that the metabolic changes required for mitochondrial ROS production on reperfusion, including succinate accumulation and the depletion of adenine nucleotides, occur in grafts retrieved from both DBD and DCD donors, despite differences in their exposure to warm ischaemia. This may partly relate to difficulties in efficiently cooling organs and suggests grafts from both donor types may benefit from therapies aimed at reducing mitochondrial ROS production. I describe a translational model of kidney transplantation in the pig and human as well as a model of renal IRI in the mouse. I show the mitochondrial ROS probe, MitoB, may be limited in its ability to accurately quantify the burst of mitochondrial ROS production that occurs during IRI in the kidney; however mitochondrial ROS production may instead be inferred indirectly in mouse, pig and human models by comparing the metabolic changes that occur on reperfusion to those previously described to drive mitochondrial ROS production in vitro. In addition, I identify key markers of oxidative damage, cell death and kidney function in the mouse, pig and human and subsequently show malonate ester prodrugs administered at reperfusion (but not prior to ischaemia) may reduce IRI in the mouse. Finally, I present pilot data in the pig providing important dosing and timing information for the use of malonate ester prodrugs in this model. Further work is needed to determine whether malonate ester prodrugs may inhibit mitochondrial ROS production in kidney transplantation; however, this thesis has provided important inroads into the use of these compounds in a transplant setting as well as characterising a number of translational models that may pave the way to their use in future clinical trials.
MOESM2 of Behaviour and molecular identification of Anopheles malaria vectors in Jayapura district, Papua province, Indonesia
Creators: name: Laurent, Brandy St.
name: Sukowati Supratman
name: Puji Asih
name: Bretz, David
name: Mueller, John
name: Miller, Helen
name: Amirullah Baharuddin
name: Shinta
name: Asik Surya
name: Ngai, Michelle
name: Laihad, Ferdinand
name: Syafruddin, Din
name: Hawley, William
name: Collins, Frank
name: Lobo, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Hourly collection of molecular species by collection method: Indoor HLC, Outdoor HLC, Animal-baited tent, and Backpack aspiration in each of 5 villages in Papua, Indonesia. *Kehiran I collections represent 3 nights of collection while all other villages took place over a single night.
Policy perspectives of the country investment plan for food and nutrition security in Bangladeh
Creators: name: Ahmed, Akhter U.
name: Aberman, Noora-Lisa
name: Jabbar, Mohammad A.
name: Akhtar, Nazneen
name: Ahmed, Akhter U.
name: Aberman, Noora-Lisa
name: Jabbar, Mohammad A.
name: Akhtar, Nazneen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food policy
subject: nutrition
subject: food security
subject: country investment plan
subject: livelihoods
subject: agricultural development
subject: marketing
subject: distribution
subject: food price
subject: IFPRI
subject: Bangladesh

description: This report presents policy perspectives of the Country Investment Plan (CIP) for agriculture, food security, and nutrition in Bangladesh. The CIP was developed based on the National Food Policy (NFP) (2006) and its Plan of Action (PoA) (FPMU 2009) following extensive discussions before, during and after the Food Security Investment Forum held in May 2010 to provide a coherent set of priority investment programs to improve food security and nutrition in a comprehensive and integrated manner—covering the three dimensions of food security: availability, access, and utilization. The CIP provides a set of 12 priority investment programs to improve food security and nutrition in Bangladesh. The consultation process with various stakeholders and a policy analysis exercise undertaken for this report feed into ongoing improvements of the CIP by putting focus on some of the particularly important remaining policy concerns impacting the effectiveness of the CIP or some of the required policy environment reforms to ensure the best achievement of results of the CIP. These policy issues are of two types: (i) those affecting the overall effectiveness of the CIP; (ii) those in relation to more specific CIP interventions. For each of the 12 investments, this report briefly reviews the policy context related to each of the 12 areas, and then assesses the critical policy barriers or promoters for each area.
description: Prepared by IFPRI for the Policy Research and Strategy Support Program for Food Security and Agricultural Development in Bangladesh, Dhaka
Multimorphic Materials: Spatially Tailoring Mechanical Properties via Selective Initiation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Creators: name: Allen, Marshall J.
name: Lien, Hsu-Ming
name: Prine, Nathaniel
name: Burns, Carter
name: Rylski, Adrian K.
name: Gu, Xiaodan
name: Cox, Lewis M.
name: Mangolini, Filippo
name: Freeman, Benny D.
name: Page, Zachariah A.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Multimorphic

description: Access to multimaterial polymers with spatially localized properties and robust interfaces is anticipated to enable new capabilities in soft robotics, such as smooth actuation for advanced medical and manufacturing technologies. Here, orthogonal initiation is used to create interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with spatial control over morphology and mechanical properties. Base catalyzes the formation of a stiff and strong polyurethane, while blue LEDs initiate the formation of a soft and elastic polyacrylate. IPN morphology is controlled by when the LED is turned „on‟, with large phase separation occurring for short time delays (~1-2 minutes) and a mixed morphology for longer time delays (>5 minutes), which was supported by dynamic mechanical analysis, small angle X-ray scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Through tailoring morphology, tensile moduli and fracture toughness can be tuned across ~1-2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a simple spring model is used to explain the observed mechanical behavior. Photopatterning produces “multimorphic” materials, where morphology is spatially localized with fine precision (<100 µm), while maintaining a uniform chemical composition throughout to mitigate interfacial failure. The fabrication of hinges represents a possible use-case for multimorphic materials in soft robotics.
Non-distributive positive logic as a fragment of first-order logic over semilattices
Creators: name: De Groot, Jim
Publisher: name: University of Bern
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02k7v4d05
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Abstract We characterize non-distributive positive logic as the fragment of a single-sorted first-order language that is preserved by a new notion of simulation called a meet-simulation. Meet-simulations distinguish themselves from simulations because they relate pairs of states from one model to single states from another. En route to this result, we use a more traditional notion of simulations and prove a Hennessy–Milner-style theorem for it, using an analogue of modal saturation called meet-compactness.
Untying the insulating and superconducting orders in magic-angle graphene
Creators: name: Stepanov, Petr
name: Das, Ipsita
name: Lu, Xiaobo
name: Fahimniya, Ali
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
name: Lischner, Johannes
name: Levitov, Leonid
name: Efetov, Dmitri K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coexistence of superconducting and correlated insulating states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene prompts fascinating questions about the relationship of these orders. Independent control of the microscopic mechanisms governing these phases could help uncover their individual roles and shed light on their intricate interplay. Here we report on direct tuning of electronic interactions in this system by changing its separation from a metallic screening layer. We observe quenching of correlated insula-tors in devices with screening layer separations that are smaller than a typical Wannier orbital size of 15nm, and with the twist angles slightly deviating from the magic value 1.10 plus(minus) 0.05 degrees. Upon extinction of the insulating orders, the vacated phase space is taken over by superconducting domes that feature critical temperatures comparable to those in the devices with strong insulators. In addition, we find that insulators at half-filling can reappear in small out-of-plane magnetic fields of 0.4 T, giving rise to quantized Hall states with a Chern number of 2. Our study suggests reexamination of the often-assumed mother-child relation between the insulating and superconducting phases in moire graphene, and illustrates a new approach to directly probe microscopic mechanisms of superconductivity in strongly-correlated systems.
Life in an Energy Eigenstate: Decoherent Histories Analysis of a Model Timeless Universe
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
name: Thorwart, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by quantum cosmology, in which the wave function of the universe is annihilated by the total Hamiltonian, we consider the internal dynamics of a simple particle system in an energy eigenstate. Such a system does not possess a uniquely defined time parameter and all physical questions about it must be posed without reference to time. We consider in particular the question, what is the probability that the system's trajectory passes through a set of regions of configuration space without reference to time? We first consider the classical case, where the answer has a variety of forms in terms of a phase space probability distribution function. We then consider the quantum case, and we analyze this question using the decoherent histories approach to quantum theory, adapted to questions which do not involve time. When the histories are decoherent, the probabilities approximately coincide with the classical case, with the phase space probability distribution replaced by the Wigner function of the quantum state. For some initial states, decoherence requires an environment, and we compute the required influence functional and examine some of its properties. Special attention is given to the inner product used in the construction (the induced or Rieffel inner product), the construction of class operators describing the histories, and the extent to which reparametrization invariance is respected. Our results indicate that simple systems without an explicit time parameter may be quantized using the decoherent histories approach, and the expected classical limit extracted. The results support, for simple models, the usual heuristic proposals for the probability distribution function associated with a semiclassical wave function satisfying the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.
description: 57 pages, plain Tex, 1 figure
All-epitaxial, laterally structured plasmonic materials
Creators: name: Skipper, Alec M.
name: Petluru, Priyanka
name: Ironside, Daniel J.
name: Garcia, Ashlee M.
name: Muhowski, Aaron J.
name: Wasserman, Daniel
name: Bank, Seth R.
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: plasmonic

description: Optoelectronic devices in the mid-infrared have attracted signiﬁcant interest due to numerous potential applications in communications and sensing. Molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of highly doped InAs has emerged as a promising “designer metal” platform for the plas- monic enhancement of mid-infrared devices. However, while typical plasmonic materials can be patterned to engineer strong localized reso- nances, the lack of lateral control in conventional MBE growth makes it challenging to create similar structures compatible with monolithically grown plasmonic InAs. To this end, we report the growth of highly doped InAs plasmonic ridges for the localized resonant enhancement of mid-IR emitters and absorbers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a method for regaining a planar surface above plasmonic cor- rugations, creating a pathway to epitaxially integrate these structures into active devices that leverage conventional growth and fabrication techniques.
Methane and Metrics: From global climate policy to the NZ farm
Creators: name: Dorner, Zack
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Dorner, Zack
name: Kerr, Suzi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Climate change policy
subject: methane
subject: metrics
subject: New Zealand
subject: agriculture
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: economic impact
subject: dairy farm
subject: sheep and beef farm

description: Stroombergen and Reisinger’s (2012) modelling suggests global pricing of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including agricultural emissions, would be beneficial for the New Zealand economy, with higher GHG prices leading to greater economic benefit. Though this inference may seem counter-intuitive for a country in which agriculture is economically important, when the effects of GHG charges flow on to global commodity prices, the rise in global prices more than compensates NZ for the costs of our GHG emissions. These conclusions rest on a single set of models and several assumptions; however, the broad direction of the conclusions makes sense given the relatively low GHG emissions intensity of agriculture in NZ and the high importance of global commodity prices for NZ’s economic fortunes. In this paper we investigate the implications of Stroombergen and Reisinger’s (2012) results for a model NZ dairy and model NZ sheep and beef farm. We consider three climate policy scenarios that differ by whether agricultural emissions are included and priced globally, and in NZ. We find that NZ farmer interests generally align with NZ’s economic interests, though farmers are more greatly affected by differing international policy scenarios compared with the NZ economy as a whole. We find that the impact of the choice of metric (that is, how agricultural emissions are traded off against carbon dioxide emissions) is minor, especially when compared with the differences between international and domestic policy scenarios. On balance, our results suggest that long term, the best scenario for NZ and our farmers is to fully price global agricultural emissions within an international climate change agreement that allows NZ farmers to exploit their competitive advantage.
Atherigona (Atherigona) oryzae Malloch 1925
Creators: name: Couri, Marcia S.
name: Pont, Adrian C.
name: Daugeron, Christophe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Atherigona
Atherigona oryzae

description: 2. Atherigona (Atherigona) oryzae Malloch
 Atherigona oryzae Malloch, 1925b: 117. Holotype male, Coimbatore, India in USNM.
 Atherigona samoaensis Malloch, 1929a: 159. Holotype male, Safune, Savai’i, Western Samoa, in BMNH (syn. by Pont 1986) (type seen by Pont 1986).
 Atherigona oryzae; Pont, 1986: 42; Pont, 1989: 682.
 Diagnosis. Face and gena greyish; palpus yellow, brownish at base; male palpus short, club-like and yellow; legs yellow to fulvous-yellow except for a narrow preapical brown band on fore femur, fore tibia darker apically; wing with a faint small brownish cloud at apex of subcosta (Pont 1972a: Fig. 6b), smaller or totally absent in female; male with hypopygial prominence large, bifurcate, V-shaped (Pont 1986: Fig. 204); trifoliate process with stalk very long and expanded medially, lateral plates without inner lobe; median piece a little expanded at apex (Pont 1972a: Fig. 13; Pont 1986: Fig. 206). Female sternite 6 some 1.5 times as long as broad; tergite 8 and sternite 7 as in Pont (1986: Figs 209–214). See also Pont & Magpayo (1995).
 Material examined. BMNH: Vanuatu: Malekula: Ounua, iii–iv.1929, 1 ♀, L.E. Cheesman (Pont 1986: 44). Espiritu Santo: viii–ix.1929, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, L.E. Cheesman (Pont 1986: 44).
 BPBM: Vanuatu: Éfaté: Port Vila, 0–100 m, iii.1980, 1 ♂; 0–100 m, i.1976, 3 ♀; 0–200 m, ii.1973, 1 ♀; all N.L.H. Krauss. Epi: Vaemali, 80–150 m, 11–18.viii.1967, 2 ♂, 2 ♀; 150 m, 9–20.viii.1967, 1 ♂; 100–150 m, 6–10.viii.1967, 2 ♀; 100–150 m, 16–21.viii.1967, 1 ♂; all J. & M. Sedlacek.
 Comments. The species is widely distributed in the Oriental and Australasian Regions and is one of the most important shoot flies (Pont 1972a). First recorded from Vanuatu by Pont (1986).
 Distribution. Australia (NSW, NT, Qld), Belau, Bonin Is, Indonesia (Maluku), Lord Howe I., Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Tonga, Vanuatu, Volcano Is, Western Samoa; Oriental Region.
description: Published as part of Couri, Marcia S., Pont, Adrian C. & Daugeron, Christophe, 2010, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Vanuatu, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2556 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2556.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5302228
Profitable Emissions-Reducing Energy Storage
Creators: name: Olsen, Daniel J.
name: Kirschen, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: While energy arbitrage from energy storage can lower power system operating costs, it can also increase greenhouse gas emissions. If power system operations are conducted with the constraint that energy storage operation must not increase emissions, how does this constraint affect energy storage investment decisions? Two bi-level energy storage investment problems are considered, representing 'philanthropic' (profitability-constrained) and profit-maximizing storage investors (PhSI, PMSI). A MILP heuristic is developed to obtain good candidate solutions to these inherently MINLP bi-level problems. A case study is conducted on a 30% renewable system, with sensitivity analyses on the price of storage and the price of carbon emissions. Regardless of the emissions-neutrality constraint, a PhSI installs significantly more energy storage than a PMSI, increasing system flexibility. The effect of the emissions-neutrality constraint in the absence of a carbon price is to reduce the quantity of storage purchased and reduce annual system emissions (~3%), with only minor increases in overall cost (~0.1%). In cases with a carbon price, storage does not tend to increase emissions and the emissions constraint does not tend to decrease storage investment. The emissions-neutrality constraint is seen to deliver similar emissions reductions even in a system with much higher renewable penetration (46%).
title: PLO1P regulation of M/G1 transcription in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Creators: name: Ng, Szu Shien
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2006

description: Cell cycle events are the basis of cell duplication and division. Control of the cell cycle involves various mechanisms, which appear conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. Among them, transcription plays a major part. Studies on gene expression in two yeast model organisms, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identified waves of transcription through the cell cycle, which require specific transcription factor complexes binding to promoter sequences. These periodic expression patterns are clustered corresponding to the four main cell cycle transitions, suggesting that their serial regulation is interdependent. Cytokinesis occurs at the end of the cell cycle, and includes formation of the actomyosin ring, synthesis of a membrane barrier and the eventual splitting of mother- daughter cells. In S. pombe, genes that are transcriptionally regulated during the M/G1 transition encode many of the components required for cytokinesis. Previously, we identified a transcription factor complex, which we named the PBF, and a promoter motif, the PCB, that together control M/G1 gene expression in S. pombe. In this thesis, we provide evidence for three transcription factors, Fkh2p, Sep1p and Mbx1p, as components of PBF and describe the isolation a Fkh2p-interacting protein, which we named Lyn1p. We also show that Fkh2p and Mbx1p are both hosphoproteins and present data that a polo-like kinase, Plo1p, phosphorylates Mbx1p In vitro. Furthermore, we show that Plo1p controls M/G1 gene expression, and is itself regulated by the PBF-PCB complex. Recent reports identified a glycolytic enzyme, Tdh1p, as a component of the Mediator complex, which bridges the transcription activating proteins to the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) machinery that controls RNA production. Here, we present evidence that Sep1p interacts with Tdh1p, therefore suggesting a mechanism by which PBF regulates M/G1- specific gene expression, through direct interaction with the RNAP II machinery. In summary, we have characterised the molecular mechanism that controls M/G1 transcription in S. pombe. This involves Plo1p phosphorylating and controlling the PBF transcription factor complex, which in turn interacts with RNAP II machinery to control specific gene expression, and eventually cytokinesis and cell separation.
On the Cross-Correlation between Dark Matter Distribution and Secondary CMB Anisotropies by Ionized Intergalactic Medium
Creators: name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a cross-correlation between the weak gravitational lensing field of the large-scale structure, $κ$, and the secondary temperature fluctuation field, $Δ$, of cosmic microwave background (CMB) induced by Thomson scattering of CMB photons off the ionized medium in the mildly nonlinear structure. The cross-correlation is expected to observationally unveil the biasing relation between the dark matter and ionized medium distributions in the large-scale structure. We develop a formalism for calculating the cross-correlation function and its angular power spectrum based on the small angle approximation. As a result, we find that leading contribution to the cross-correlation comes from the secondary CMB fluctuation field induced by the quadratic Doppler effects of the bulk velocity field $v$ of ionized medium. The magnitude of the cross-correlation can be estimated as $\kaco{κΔ}\sim 10^{-10}$ on small angular scales ($l\simgt 1000$) under the currently favored cold CDM model of the structure formation and the simplest scenario of homogeneous reionization after a given redshift of $z_{\rm ion}\simgt 5$. Interestingly, we find that the density-modulated quadratic Doppler effect of $O(δ_e v^2)$ produces the cross-correlation with the weak lensing field that has {\em linear} dependence on the electron density fluctuation field $δ_e$ or equivalently on the biasing relation between the dark matter and electron distributions. In other words, the angular power spectrum could be both positive or negative, depending on the positive biasing or antibiasing, respectively. Detection of the cross-correlation thus offers a new opportunity to observationally understand the reionization history of intergalactic medium connected to the dark matter clustering.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ