cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Análise de contratos da suinocultura sob a óptica da Nova Economia Institucional
Creators: name: Pereira, Sandra Mara
name: Freire Junior, Weimar Da Rocha
name: Miele, Marcelo
name: Da Silva Lobo, Debora
name: Pereira, Sandra Mara
name: Freire Junior, Weimar Da Rocha
name: Miele, Marcelo
name: Da Silva Lobo, Debora
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Nova Economia Institucional
subject: Contratos
subject: Atributos das Transações
subject: Suinocultura
subject: New Institutional Economics
subject: Contracts
subject: Attributes of the Transactions
subject: Production of Pigs

description: Este artigo tem a intenção de analisar contratos da suinocultura sob a óptica da Nova Economia Institucional. O referencial teórico adotado foi a NEI, que fornece os conceitos dos atributos das transações que foram observados nos contratos. Como metodologia, foram analisados contratos referentes à integração para terminação (engorda) de suínos, de quatro empresas situadas na Região Sul do Brasil. Observou-se que os contratos de integração (ou parceria) têm sido um importante instrumento, tanto para as empresas processadoras, que podem contar com a produção constante e em padrões previamente especificados, quanto para os produtores rurais, que têm na suinocultura, uma atividade que lhes garante venda certa e recebimento garantido. Os contratos de integração podem ser considerados de média especificidade de ativos, com transação freqüente e reduzida incerteza. This article intends to examine contracts of production of pigs under view of the New Institutional Economics. The reference book addresses the issues NIS, attributes of the transactions and contracts. As methodology, were analyzed contracts related to the integration to termination (fattening) of pigs, four companies located in the Southern Region of Brazil. It was observed that the contracts of integration (or partnership) has been an important tool for both business processing, which can count on the constant and production patterns in previously specified, as for farmers, who have in production of pigs, an activity that guarantees them a sale and receipt guaranteed. The contracts of integration can be considered average of specificity of assets, with frequent transaction and reduced uncertainty.
Analytical correspondence between shadow radius and black hole quasinormal frequencies
Creators: name: Cuadros-Melgar, B.
name: Fontana, R. D. B.
name: de Oliveira, Jeferson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the equivalence of quasinormal modes and geodesic quantities recently brought back due to the black hole shadow observation by Event Horizon Telescope. Using WKB method we found an analytical relation between the real part of quasinormal frequencies at the eikonal limit and black hole shadow radius. We verify this correspondence with two black hole families in $4$ and $D$ dimensions, respectively.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Algebraic models of Poincare embeddings
Creators: name: Lambrechts, Pascal
name: Stanley, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P62, 55M05, 57Q35

description: Let f: P-->W be an embedding of a compact polyhedron in a closed oriented manifold W, let T be a regular neighborhood of P in W and let C:=closure(W-T) be its complement. Then W is the homotopy push-out of a diagram CP. This homotopy push-out square is an example of what is called a Poincare embedding. We study how to construct algebraic models, in particular in the sense of Sullivan, of that homotopy push-out from a model of the map f. When the codimension is high enough this allows us to completely determine the rational homotopy type of the complement C = W-f(P). Moreover we construct examples to show that our restriction on the codimension is sharp. Without restriction on the codimension we also give differentiable modules models of Poincare embeddings and we deduce a refinement of the classical Lefschetz duality theorem, giving information on the algebra structure of the cohomology of the complement.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-9.abs.html
Projective geometry over F_1 and the Gaussian binomial coefficients
Creators: name: Cohn, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There is no field with only one element, yet there is a well-defined notion of what projective geometry over such a field means. This notion is familiar to experts and plays an interesting role behind the scenes in combinatorics and algebra, but it is rarely discussed as such. The purpose of this article is to bring it to the attention of a broader audience, as the solution to a puzzle about Gaussian binomial coefficients.
description: 9 pages
O Agronegócio do Amendoim: Estudo e Comparação dos Padrões Sazonais de Comportamento dos Preços no Período de Janeiro de 1996 a Dezembro de 2005
Creators: name: Sanches Sabes Junior, Jair
name: Alves, Alexandre Florindo
name: Sanches Sabes Junior, Jair
name: Alves, Alexandre Florindo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Amendoim
subject: Agronegócio
subject: Padrão Sazonal
subject: Preço
subject: Peanut
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Seasonal Pattern
subject: Price

description: O presente artigo refere-se ao estudo e comparação dos padrões sazonais de comportamento dos preços do amendoim no período de janeiro 1996 a dezembro de 2005. Constata-se que fatores sazonais, safra e entressafra, de fato influenciam o comportamento e a oscilação de preços no mercado de amendoim ao produtor. Por meio da análise comparativa percebe-se as diferenças como padrão sazonal e dispersão de preços entre os mercados primário (produtor) e secundário (atacado) do amendoim. Por fim, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer a variação sazonal e a irregularidade de preços do amendoim em diferentes níveis de mercado que compõem a sua cadeia produtiva, sendo esse estudo extremamente valioso no norteamento dos agentes econômicos que operam, direta e indiretamente, no agronegócio do amendoim. The present paper refers to the analysis and comparison of seasonal behavior patterns, regarding peanut price variation, in the period from January 1996 to December 2005. It is noticed that seasonal factors, related to harvest and inter-harvest time, in fact, influence the behavior and the price variation in the peanut agricultural market. By using the comparative analysis differences are observed, such as the seasonal pattern and the price dispersion between both markets, the primary one (the producer market) and the secondary one (the wholesale market). Finally, it is emphasized the importance of knowing the seasonal variation and the irregularity of peanut price in the different market levels of the productive chain. Thus, the present study is considered as a valuable tool to guide economical agents that act, either directly or indirectly, in peanut agribusiness.
UMA ABORDAGEM APLICADA DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS NO ESTUDO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA MESORREGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELO HORIZONTE, MG
Creators: name: Marzano Araujo, Vanessa
name: Mota, Vania Correa
name: De Lima, Ivis Bento
name: Marzano Araujo, Vanessa
name: Mota, Vania Correa
name: De Lima, Ivis Bento
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Desenvolvimento Regional
subject: Análise Multivariada
subject: Belo Horizonte
subject: Regional Development
subject: Multivariate Analysis

description: Neste trabalho, buscou-se utilizar a técnica multivariada de análise dos componentes principais para verificar, dentre três indicadores selecionados, qual apresenta maior influência no nível de desenvolvimento da Mesorregião Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte para o ano de 2004. A discussão em torno do tema desenvolvimento é antiga, várias concepções já foram adotadas por teóricos, porém ainda não se conseguiu chegar a uma definição que seja clara sobre o que realmente significa desenvolvimento. A visão contemporânea do termo é que o desenvolvimento deve ir além do estritamente econômico, proporcionando o crescimento das variáveis macroeconômicas e a redistribuição dessas riquezas para toda a população, num processo que também eleve os indicadores sociais e que seja contínuo ao longo do tempo. A análise multivariada permitiu inferir que é grande a influência que a variável renda exerceu, no nível de desenvolvimento da mesorregião estudada. In this work, the multivariate technique of analysis of the main components was used to verify, among the three indicators selected, which one shows greater influence upon the development level of the metropolitan Medium region of Belo Horizonte (city) in 2004. The discussion on the development subject is not recent, several ideas have already been adopted by theorists. However, up to the present there isn’t a substantial definition considering what development really means. The contemporary vision of the term is that development must go beyond strictly economic, providing the macroeconomic variables’ growth, such as wealth redistribution for the entire population, at a process that also raises social indicators and is continuous over time. Multivariate analysis allowed inferring that the variable “income” exercised great influence, at the development level of the region studied.
Effect of system and environmental parameters upon coverage provided by the ORBCOMM land mobile satellite system
Creators: name: Ma, Jueren (Steven)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: While land mobile satellite systems operating at VHF (150 MHz) should provide better coverage in urban and suburban environments than similar systems that operate at L-band (1 GHz and above), previous work has not quantified the improvement. Here, we fill that gap by presenting results obtained with a 3D-satellite signal propagation model that we have developed around the NEC-BSC U T D code. Results obtained using a representative street geometry show that the mean signal at VHF may be as much as 6 dB stronger than that at L-band with a standard deviation that is almost 2 dB less. Results also show that an antenna with a hemispherical pattern can provide much more effective coverage than the A/4 monopole antenna which has traditionally been the most popular antenna for ORBCOMM applications.
Zero-inflated models for adjusting varying exposures: a cautionary note on the pitfalls of using offset
Creators: name: Feng, Cindy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Zero-inflated count data are frequently encountered in public health and epidemiology research. Two-parts model is often used to model the excessive zeros, which are a mixture of two components: a point mass at zero and a count distribution, such as a Poisson distribution. When the rate of events per unit exposure is of interest, offset is commonly used to account for the varying extent of exposure, which is essentially a predictor whose regression coefficient is fixed at one. Such an assumption of exposure effect is, however, quite restrictive for many practical problems. Further, for zero-inflated models, offset is often only included in the count component of the model. However, the probability of excessive zero component could also be affected by the amount of ‘exposure’. We, therefore, proposed incorporating the varying exposure as a covariate rather than an offset term in both the probability of excessive zeros and conditional counts components of the zero-inflated model. A real example is used to illustrate the usage of the proposed methods, and simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed methods for a broad variety of situations.
Physics at COSY
Creators: name: Machner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COSY accelerator in Júlich is presented together with its internal and external detectors. The physics programme performed recently is discussed with emphasis on strangeness physics.
description: Invited talk given at the "10th International Symposium on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon (MENU04)," IHEP, Beijing, China, 30/Aug.-4/Sept./04
Constants of the Kahane--Salem--Zygmund inequality asymptotically bounded by $1$
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Daniel
name: Raposo, Anselmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A60, 47A07, 15A51

description: The Kahane--Salem--Zygmund inequality for multilinear forms in $\ell_{\infty}$ spaces claims that, for all positive integers $m,n_{1},...,n_{m}$, there exists an $m$-linear form $A\colon\ell_{\infty}^{n_{1}}\times\cdots\times \ell_{\infty}^{n_{m}}\longrightarrow\mathbb{K}$ ($\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$) of the type \[ A(z^{(1)},...,z^{(m)})=\sum_{j_{1}=1}^{n_{1}}\cdots\sum_{j_{m}=1}^{n_{m}}\pm z_{j_{1}}^{\left( 1\right) }\cdots z_{j_{m}}^{\left( m\right) }\text{,} \] satisfying \[ \Vert A\Vert\leq C_{m}\max\left\{ n_{1}^{1/2},\ldots,n_{m}^{1/2}\right\} {\textstyle\prod\limits_{j=1}^{m}}n_{j}^{1/2}\text{,} \] for \[ C_{m}\leqκ\sqrt{m\log m}\sqrt{m!} \] and a certain $κ>0.$ Our main result shows that given any $ε>0$ and any positive integer $m,$ there exists a positive integer $N$ such that \[ C_{m}<1+ε\text{,} \] when we consider $n_{1},...,n_{m}>N$. In addition, while the original proof of the Kahane--Salem--Zygmund relies in highly non-deterministic arguments, our approach is constructive. We also provide the same asymptotic bound (which is shown to be optimal in some cases) for the constant of a related non-deterministic inequality proved by G. Bennett in 1977. Applications to Berlekamp's switching game are given.
description: This version incorporates the results presented in arXiv:2104.10765 (the preprint arXiv:2104.10765 was withdrawn)
Equation of state and collective frequencies of a trapped Fermi gas along the BEC-unitarity crossover
Creators: name: Astrakharchik, G. E.
name: Combescot, R.
name: Leyronas, X.
name: Stringari, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the study of the collective oscillations in a harmonic trap provides a very sensitive test of the equation of state of a Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance. Using a scaling approach, whose high accuracy is proven by comparison with exact hydrodynamic solutions, the frequencies of the lowest compressional modes are calculated at T=0 in terms of a dimensionless parameter characterizing the equation of state. The predictions for the collective frequencies, obtained from the equations of state of mean field BCS theory and of recent Monte-Carlo calculations, are discussed in detail.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Recursos Humanos no Setor Sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo, 2006-2007
Creators: name: Fredo, Carlos Eduardo
name: Lago Baptistella, Celma Da Sila
name: Veiga, Jose Eduardo Rodrigues
name: Meloni Vocente, Maria Carlota
name: Da Silva, Valquiria
name: Fredo, Carlos Eduardo
name: Lago Baptistella, Celma Da Sila
name: Veiga, Jose Eduardo Rodrigues
name: Meloni Vocente, Maria Carlota
name: Da Silva, Valquiria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: setor sucroalcooleiro
subject: emprego
subject: índice de mecanização
subject: sucroalcooleiro sector
subject: employment
subject: index of mechanization

description: Este trabalho analisou o mercado de trabalho do setor sucroalcooleiro, com destaque o perfil sócio-econômico das ocupações envolvidas neste setor, os impactos decorrentes do processo de mecanização por conta das questões ambientais. Apresentou também uma discussão sobre a requalificação e realocação da mão-de-obra. A análise utilizou dados sobre emprego formal do Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (CAGED) e de levantamentos sobre mecanização do Instituto de Economia Agrícola/Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral. Os resultados mostraram que o índice atual de mecanização da área colhida da cana-de-açúcar (41%) no Estado de São Paulo e o baixo nível de instrução dos cortadores de cana revelaram-se pontos relevantes para formulação de políticas a fim de mitigar os efeitos da mecanização. This study examined the labour market ‘sucroalcooleiro’ (sugar and alcohol) the industry, with particular the socio-economic profile of occupations involved in this sector, the impacts arising from the process of mechanization on account of environmental issues. The study showed a discussion about the retraining and relocation of labour-intensive. The analysis used data on the formal employment of Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (CAGED) and drawing on mechanization of the Instituto de Economia Agrícola/Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral. The results showed that the current index of mechanization of the area harvested sugar cane (41%) in the State of Sao Paulo and the low level of education of the cane cutters proved to be relevant points for the formulation of policies to mitigate the effects of mechanization.
Gender, Marital Status, Farm Size and other Factors Influencing the Extent of Cash Cropping in Kenya: A Case Study
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agricultural commercialisation
subject: gender inequality
subject: non-food cash crops
subject: food cash crops
subject: non-cash food crops

description: This article examines the effects of commercialisation of agriculture on land use and work patterns by means of a case study in the Nyeri district in Kenya. The study uses cross sectional data collected from small-scale farmers in this district. We find that good quality land is allocated to non-food cash crops, which may lead to a reduction in non-cash food crops and expose some households to greater risks of possible famine. Also the proportion of land allocated to food crops declines as the farm size increases while the proportion of land allocated to non-food cash crops rises as the size of farm increases. Cash crops are also not bringing in as much revenue commensurate with the amount of land allocated to them. With growing commercialisation, women still work more hours than men. They not only work on non-cash food crops but also on cash crops including non-food cash crops. Evidence indicates that women living with husbands work longer hours than those married but living alone, and also longer than the unmarried women. Married women seem to lose their decision-making ability with growth of commercialisation, as husbands make most decisions to do with cash crops. Furthermore husbands appropriate family cash income. Husbands are less likely to use such income for the welfare of the family compared to wives due to different expenditure patterns. Married women in Kenya also have little or no power to change the way land is allocated between food and non-food cash crops. Due to deteriorating terms of trade for non-food cash crops, men have started cultivation of food cash crops with the potential of crowding out women. It is found that both the area of non-cash crops tends to rise with farm size but also the proportion of the farm area cash cropped rises in Central Kenya.
Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Urban Bias on Food Availability in Farm Households
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: commercialisation
subject: non-food cash crops
subject: food cash crops
subject: food availability
subject: and non-cash food crops.

description: This study investigates the effect of cash cropping on food availability and examines the determinants of the proportion of income allocated for food expenditures in the Nyeri district in Kenya. Using a Tobit model, the results suggest that in general food expenditure allocations suffer due to cash cropping in Kenya as the lump-sum income flows from this may be used for purchases other than food. Food expenditure also suffers when remittances are irregular. On the other hand, earnings from outside employment for married women living with husbands are positively associated with food expenditure allocations. Amounts of non-cash food output as well as ownership of livestock are negatively associated with food expenditure allocations. These findings indicate that lump sum income may not lead to improved welfare of women and children. Thus, there may be social reasons for increasing non-cash food production especially by women, instead of over emphasising cash cropping as now seems to be so in public policy.
A mechanical counterexample to KAM theory with low regularity
Creators: name: Marò, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a mechanical example concerning the fact that some regularity is necessary in KAM theory. We consider the model given by the vertical bouncing motion of a ball on a periodically moving plate. Denoting with $f$ the motion of the plate, some variants of Moser invariant curve theorem apply if $\dot{f}$ is small in norm $C^5$ and every motion has bounded velocity. This is not possible if the function $f$ is only $C^1$. Indeed we construct a function $f\in C^1$ with arbitrary small derivative in norm $C^0$ for which a motion with unbounded velocity exists.
Think Before You Tweet: Social Media Best Practices for Undergraduate Business Schools
Creators: name: Spraggon, Donna I.M.
name: Spraggon, Donna I.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: advising
subject: business school
subject: recruitment
subject: retention
subject: social media

description: There are more than 100 social media tools available to higher education institutions to reach potential, current and past students. Both students and institutions are making use of social media, however, the latter are typically not taking full advantage of what is available. In this paper, I explore best practices in social media as they pertain to undergraduate business schools. An examination of 20 business schools reveals a large disconnect between social media best practice theory and those practices observed. Building on the identified best practices, I have constructed a suggested model for social media for a business school undergraduate program aimed at recruitment, retention and alumni investment.
Small area estimation of expenditure means and ratios under a unit-level bivariate linear mixed model
Creators: name: Esteban, María Dolores
name: Lombardía, María José
name: López-Vizcaíno, Esther
name: Morales, Domingo
name: Pérez, Agustín
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Under a unit-level bivariate linear mixed model, this paper introduces small area predictors of expenditure means and ratios, and derives approximations and estimators of the corresponding mean squared errors. For the considered model, the REML estimation method is implemented. Several simulation experiments, designed to analyze the behavior of the introduced fitting algorithm, predictors and mean squared error estimators, are carried out. An application to real data from the Spanish household budget survey illustrates the behavior of the proposed statistical methodology. The target is the estimation of means of food and non-food household annual expenditures and of ratios of food household expenditures by Spanish provinces.
The Endogenous Formation of Coalitions to Provide Public Goods: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Creators: name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Cherry, Todd L.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Cherry, Todd L.
name: Stranlund, John K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: public goods
subject: coalition formation
subject: inequality aversion
subject: participation requirement
subject: experiments

description: This paper examines the endogenous formation of coalitions that provide public goods in which players implement a minimum participation requirement before deciding whether to join. We demonstrate theoretically that payoff-maximizing players will vote to implement efficient participation requirements and these coalitions will form. However, we also demonstrate that if some players are averse to inequality they can cause inefficient outcomes. Inequality-averse players can limit free riding by implementing larger than efficient coalitions or by blocking efficient coalitions from forming. We test the theory with experimental methods and observe individual behavior and coalition formation consistent with a model of inequality-averse players.
Metal-insulator transition in the quarter- filled frustrated checkerboard lattice
Creators: name: Zhang, Y. Z.
name: Minh-Tien, Tran
name: Yushankhai, V.
name: Thalmeier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic structure and correlations in the geometrically frustrated two dimensional checkerboard lattice. In the large U limit considered here we start from an extended Hubbard model of spinless fermions at half-filling. We investigate the model within two distinct Green's function approaches: In the first approach a single-site representation decoupling scheme is used that includes the effect of nearest neighbor charge fluctuations. In the second approach a cluster representation leading to a 'multiorbital' model is investigated which includes intra-cluster correlations exactly and those between clusters on a mean field basis. It is demonstrated that with increasing nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction V both approaches lead to a metal-insulator transition with an associated 'Mott-Hubbard' like gap caused by V. Within the single site approach we also explore the possibility of charge order. Furthermore we investigate the evolution of the quasiparticle bands as funtion of V.
Anonyme, Grand coutumier de Normandie, fin XVe siècle
Creators: name: Anonyme
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Source: ADSM, J1117
description: Relation: vignette : https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/cb2df719
description: created: fin XVe siècle
Prevalence Threshold and the Geometry of Screening Curves
Creators: name: Balayla, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The relationship between a screening tests' positive predictive value, $ρ$, and its target prevalence, $ϕ$, is proportional - though not linear in all but a special case. In consequence, there is a point of local extrema of curvature defined only as a function of the sensitivity $a$ and specificity $b$ beyond which the rate of change of a test's $ρ$ drops precipitously relative to $ϕ$. Herein, we show the mathematical model exploring this phenomenon and define the $prevalence$ $threshold$ ($ϕ_e$) point where this change occurs as: $ϕ_e=\frac{\sqrt{a\left(-b+1\right)}+b-1}{(\varepsilon-1)}$ where $\varepsilon$ = $a$+$b$. Using its radical conjugate, we obtain a simplified version of the equation: $\frac{\sqrt{1-b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{1-b}}$. From the prevalence threshold we deduce a more generalized relationship between prevalence and positive predictive value as a function of $\varepsilon$, which represents a fundamental theorem of screening, herein defined as: $\displaystyle\lim_{\varepsilon \to 2}{\displaystyle \int_{0}^{1}}{ρ(ϕ)dϕ} = 1$ Understanding the concepts described in this work can help contextualize the validity of screening tests in real time, and help guide the interpretation of different clinical scenarios in which screening is undertaken.
Additional file 1 of Access to health care for people with disabilities in rural Malawi: what are the barriers?
Creators: name: Harrison, Josephine A. K.
name: Thomson, Rachael
name: Hastings T. Banda
name: Mbera, Grace B.
name: Gregorius, Stefanie
name: Stenberg, Berthe
name: Marshall, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Topic Guide.
Who Should Bear the Administrative Costs of an Emissions Tax?
Creators: name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Chavez, Carlos A.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Chavez, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Emissions Taxes
subject: Pigouvian Taxes
subject: Administrative Costs
subject: Pollution Control

description: All environmental policies involve administrative costs, the costs of implementing and managing policies that extend beyond abatement costs. We examine theoretically the optimal distribution of these costs between the public and regulated sources of pollution. The distribution of administrative costs affects social welfare only if public funds are more expensive than private funds, or if the distribution of administrative costs affects the size of a regulated industry. If having the public take on a larger part of administrative costs increases the size of the industry and this does not lead to lower emissions for a given emissions tax, then it is optimal to make the pollution sources bear all of the administrative costs. A necessary, but not sufficient, reason for having the public bear part of the cost burden is if aggregate emissions decrease as a result.
Consciousness : from molecular to social scales
Creators: name: Cangeux, Jean-Pierre
name: Dumas, Guillaume
name: ALIUS research group
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this interview, Guillaume Dumas reaches out to Jean-Pierre Changeux to offer a wide-ranging view on consciousness, spanning over its fundamental molecular mechanisms up to its social dimension. They further discuss the exploration of altered states of consciousness and its relation to artistic practice. They finally tackle the opportunities of some of the prominent fields of future research such as artificial intelligence and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary research in advancing the study of consciousness.
Estimating the Potential of Program Repair Search Spaces with Commit Analysis
Creators: name: Etemadi, Khashayar
name: Tarighat, Niloofar
name: Yadav, Siddharth
name: Martinez, Matias
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most natural method for evaluating program repair systems is to run them on bug datasets, such as Defects4J. Yet, using this evaluation technique on arbitrary real-world programs requires heavy configuration. In this paper, we propose a purely static method to evaluate the potential of the search space of repair approaches. This new method enables researchers and practitioners to encode the search spaces of repair approaches and select potentially useful ones without struggling with tool configuration and execution. We encode the search spaces by specifying the repair strategies they employ. Next, we use the specifications to check whether past commits lie in repair search spaces. For a repair approach, including many human-written past commits in its search space indicates its potential to generate useful patches. We implement our evaluation method in LighteR. LighteR gets a Git repository and outputs a list of commits whose source code changes lie in repair search spaces. We run LighteR on 55,309 commits from the history of 72 Github repositories with and show that LighteR's precision and recall are 77% and 92%, respectively. Overall, our experiments show that our novel method is both lightweight and effective to study the search space of program repair approaches.
A possible feature of thermal matter in relativistic jets of radio-loud quasars
Creators: name: Wang, Jian-Min
name: Staubert, Ruediger
name: Courvoisier, T. J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that relativistic jets in quasars may contain a considerable amount of thermal matter. In this paper, we explore the possibility that the K-alpha line from the thermal matter may appear at tens of keV due to a high Doppler blue-shift. In the jet comoving frame, the energy density of photons originally emitted by the accretion disk and reflected off the broad line region clouds dominates over that of photons of other origin. We discuss the photoionization states of the thermal matter and find that the irons elements are neutral. The high metallicity in quasars enhances the possibility to detect the thermal matter in the relativistic jet in some radio-loud quasars. A highly Doppler blue-shifted K-alpha line may be detected. We make a rediction for 3C 273, in which the K-alpha line luminosity might be of the order $3.0\times 10^{44}$ erg/s with an equivalent width of 2.4 keV. Such a line could be detected in a future mission.
description: 4 pages, 1 Figure
Prejudice against Female Children: Economics and Cultural Explanations, and Indian Evidence
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Regmi, Gopal
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Regmi, Gopal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Child welfare
subject: economics of the family
subject: gender discrimination
subject: human capital
subject: India
subject: Kondhs
subject: Santals

description: Shows how economic theories based on parental self-interest may explain parental discrimination against daughters relative to sons. However, such theories often need to be adjusted (or even discarded) to allow for altruism of parents towards their children, and to take account of cultural influences on parental desires to have children of particular gender, and care equally for their children of different gender. The latter point is illustrated by a study of two different communities. In one situated in the Santal tribal belt I West Bengal, discrimination against daughters is found to be marked and accords (given the structure of society) with predictions of economic theories based on the pursuit of parental self-interest. By contrast, it is found that although the Knondh-dominated community in Orissa experiences similar economic conditions and social structures to the West Bengal communities, parental discrimination against daughters is almost absent. The differences seem to arise from a difference between the cultural values shared by the Kondhs in Orissa and those shared by the West Bengal community consisting of Santals and Bengali Hindus. This suggests that the applicability of economic theories of the family depends significantly on the social contexts in which they are to be applied. In this respect, both social structures and cultural values are important.
Bose-Einstein Condensation on a Permanent-Magnet Atom Chip
Creators: name: Sinclair, C. D. J.
name: Curtis, E. A.
name: Garcia, I. Llorente
name: Retter, J. A.
name: Hall, B. V.
name: Eriksson, S.
name: Sauer, B. E.
name: Hinds, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have produced a Bose-Einstein condensate on a permanent-magnet atom chip based on periodically magnetized videotape. We observe the expansion and dynamics of the condensate in one of the microscopic waveguides close to the surface. The lifetime for atoms to remain trapped near this dielectric material is significantly longer than above a metal surface of the same thickness. These results illustrate the suitability of microscopic permanent-magnet structures for quantum-coherent preparation and manipulation of cold atoms.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, Published in Phys. Rev. A, Rapid Comm
Rural Poverty and China's Entry to WTO: Present Knowledge, Unresolved Issues and China's Policy Options
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agriculture
subject: China
subject: economic
subject: reform
subject: rural poverty
subject: WTO

description: Begins by considering trends in the incidence of rural poverty in China, comparing China and India. Although the incidence of rural poverty in China declined generally, such poverty is still a matter for concern, especially now that China has joined the WTO. There is concern about the possible impact of China’s WTO entry on its rural poverty and its ability to adopt policies to address it. Recent international studies of such poverty in China by bodies such as the World Bank, OECD, ADB and IFPRI are outlined and reviewed critically with these economic issues in mind. The most recent study by Anderson and others suggests that China’s agriculture will be forced to undertake more structural adjustment than forecast in earlier studies. The Chinese policies to deal with rural poverty will need to give increasing attention to structural adjustment support and migration from rural areas in the future. The WTO does not count such measures as a form of economic protection. In fact, a large number of measures to provide financial support to farmers, including support to poor farmers, are WTO exempt. As discussed these include ‘green box’ measure, certain development measures in developing countries, and ‘blue box’ measures. In addition, under the de minimis principle, China can provide economic protection on average of 8.5 per cent of the value of an agricultural product.
Family Size, Economics and Child Gender Preference: A Case Study in the Nyeri District of Kenya
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: family size
subject: fertility
subject: child gender preference
subject: human capital formation
subject: costs
subject: benefits
subject: free child labour
subject: marital status
subject: and age.

description: Kenyan women have more children, especially in rural areas, than in most developing nations. This is widely believed to be an impediment to Kenya’s economic development. Thus, factors influencing family size in the Kenyan context are important for its future. A brief review of economic theories of fertility leads to the conclusion that both economics and social/cultural factors must be considered simultaneously when examining factors that determine the number of children in a family. The need to do this is borne out in Kenya’s situation by utilising responses from a random sample of rural households in the Nyeri district of Kenya. Economic and social/cultural factors intertwine to influence family sizes in this district. After providing a summary of the main statistical results from the survey, we use multiple regression analysis to explore the influences of a woman’s age, level of education, whether she has outside employment, whether the family keeps livestock, whether she expresses a preference for more boys than girls, whether the family uses only family labour (including child labour) and the size of the farm, which is used as a proxy for family income. It was found that preference for male children has an important positive influence on family size in this district. Women were found to have greater preference for male children than their male counterparts possibly because of their fear of being disinherited if they do not produce an heir for their husbands. Preference for sons was also found in allocation of human capital resources at the household level in that the female respondents were found to have lower levels of education than their male counterparts. Various long-term policies are outlined that may help to reduce the number of offspring of women in Kenya.
Positive heat capacity in the microcanonical ensemble
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Mário J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The positivity of the heat capacity is the hallmark of thermal stability of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. We show that this property remains valid for systems with negative derivative of energy with respect to temperature, as happens to some system described by the microcanonical ensemble. The demonstration rests on considering a trajectory on the Gibbs equilibrium surface, and its projection on the entropy-energy plane. The Gibbs equilibrium surface has the convexity property, but the projection might lack this property, leading to a negative derivative of energy with respect to temperature.
Mitigating Disputes and Managing Legal Issues in the Era of Building Information Modelling
Creators: name: Mustapha, Abdelhakim
name: Khawaja, Ebad Ur Rehman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120203 Quantity Surveying
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120201 Building Construction Management and Project Planning
subject: 180105 Commercial and Contract Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Construction disputes are inevitable. They often arise between project stakeholdersfor numerous reasons and to resolve them, construction professionals adopt various disputeresolution methodologies. This study aims to identify the role of building information modelling(BIM) in mitigating such disputes and addresses the legal barriers faced by the architecture,engineering and construction (AEC) industry while adopting BIM. The study reveals thatdisputes can be mitigated and managed efficiently with the intervention of BIM, as BIM offersvarious designing, planning, estimating, collaborating and controlling features. The benefitsof BIM are impressive and exceptional; however, it comes with some legal issues that are firstclarified and addressed with the support of a literature review and later validated throughinterviews with industry professionals. Dispute resolution, contractual arrangements, designresponsibility, intellectual property (IP) rights and a lack of standardisation are identified assubstantial concerns when adopting BIM. Thus, a strategy is proposed to manage these legalissues that entail the adoption of the appropriate contract suite, the formation of a commondata environment (CDE) and the establishment of a firm BIM execution plan (BEP). Workshops,training sessions and seminars are also recommended to educate the industry with BIMfeatures as it brings about the second revolution in the AEC industry.
Thermoelectricity of URu$_{2}$Si$_{2}$: giant Nernst effect in the hidden-order state
Creators: name: Bel, Romain
name: Jin, Hao
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Flouquet, Jacques
name: Lejay, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of Nernst and Seebeck coefficients in the heavy-fermion compound URu$_{2}$Si$_{2}$, which hosts a phase transition of unsettled origin. A giant Nernst signal of unprecedented magnitude was found to emerge in the ordered state. Moreover, our analysis of the Seebeck and Hall data indicates that the ordering leads to a sudden increase in the entropy per itinerant electron and to a drastic decrease in the scattering rate.
description: 5 pages including 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Living or deceased-donor kidney transplant: the role of psycho-socioeconomic factors and outcomes associated with each type of transplant
Creators: name: Basiri, Abbas
name: Taheri, Maryam
name: Alireza Khoshdel
name: Shabnam Golshan
name: Mohseni-Rad, Hamed
name: Borumandnia, Nasrin
name: Simforoosh, Nasser
name: Nafar, Mohsen
name: Aliasgari, Majid
name: Nourbala, Mohammad Hossein
name: Gholamreza Pourmand
name: Farhangi, Soudabeh
name: Khalili, Nastaran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Univariable logistic regression to determine predictive factors for selecting type of donor.