cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systemic Racism in Nineteenth-Century Tales of Black Revenge
Creators: name: Darbouze-Bonyeme, Nella
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: nineteenth century
subject: systemic racism
subject: France
subject: Britain
subject: USA
subject: Revenge
subject: Literature
subject: Economics--History
subject: Ethnic and Racial Studies

description: Systemic Racism in Nineteenth-century Tales of Black Revenge highlights the shifting conception of racial oppression across France, Britain, and the USA through an investigation of stories of black or mixed-race avengers. In Histoire des deux Indes (1770), Denis Diderot wrote that “all Negroes need is a leader, valiant enough to guide them towards vengeance and massacre”. Far from viewing revenge as a private vendetta, Diderot saw revenge as a way for the oppressed black slaves to repair systemic wrong to which they were victims; to strike against the racial structure of society and establish social equilibrium. He was not alone. Many nineteenth-century writers, from Maria Edgeworth, with “The Grateful Negro” (1804), to Alexandre Dumas, with Georges (1843), imagined attempts by people of color to redress racial injustice. Yet while scholarship has examined the meaning of revenge narratives for ideas regarding black agency, it has neglected the conception of systemic racism of such tales. My thesis contributes to previous studies by filling this research gap. Drawing on narrative theory, I distinguish three different kinds of black revenge in nineteenth-century literature: (1) tales from a weak abolitionist movement, which depict systems of oppression as invincible; (2) tales from a strong abolitionist movement, which identify hidden mechanisms that sustain racial injustice, and (3) tales of a post-abolition era, which deny systemic oppression. I also shed light on cultural variations in revenge narratives, notably French works’ reluctance to support black avengers, British texts’ tendency to locate racial oppression beyond their borders and American tales’ struggle to conceptualize black collective action. This thesis thus adds nuance to previous scholarship on nineteenth-century racial tales of revenge, so far emphasizing what such narratives have in common: an apparent desire to silence the political motives of black agency.
MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: A test of pure survey microlensing planet detections
Creators: name: Yee, J. C.
name: Shvartzvald, Y.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Bond, I. A.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Han, C.
name: Gould, A.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Collaboration, the MOA
name: Collaboration, the OGLE
name: Collaboration, the MicroFUN
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the development of large-format, wide-field cameras, microlensing surveys are now able to monitor millions of stars with sufficient cadence to detect planets. These new discoveries will span the full range of significance levels including planetary signals too small to be distinguished from the noise. At present, we do not understand where the threshold is for detecting planets. MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb is the first planet to be published from the new surveys, and it also has substantial followup observations. This planet is robustly detected in survey+followup data (Delta chi^2 ~ 5400). The planet/host mass ratio is q=5.3+/- 0.2*10^{-3}. The best fit projected separation is s=0.548+/- 0.005 Einstein radii. However, due to the s-->s^{-1} degeneracy, projected separations of s^{-1} are only marginally disfavored at Delta chi^2=3. A Bayesian estimate of the host mass gives M_L = 0.43^{+0.27}_{-0.17} M_Sun, with a sharp upper limit of M_L < 1.2 M_Sun from upper limits on the lens flux. Hence, the planet mass is m_p=2.4^{+1.5}_{-0.9} M_Jup, and the physical projected separation is either r_perp = ~1.0 AU or r_perp = ~3.4 AU. We show that survey data alone predict this solution and are able to characterize the planet, but the Delta chi^2 is much smaller (Delta chi^2~500) than with the followup data. The Delta chi^2 for the survey data alone is smaller than for any other securely detected planet. This event suggests a means to probe the detection threshold, by analyzing a large sample of events like MOA-2011-BLG-293, which have both followup data and high cadence survey data, to provide a guide for the interpretation of pure survey microlensing data.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, Replaced 7/3/12 with the version accepted to ApJ
A Self-interacting Dark Matter Solution to the Extreme Diversity of Low-mass Halo Properties
Creators: name: Nadler, Ethan O.
name: Yang, Daneng
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of low-mass dark matter (DM) halos appear to be remarkably diverse relative to cold, collisionless DM predictions, even in the presence of baryons. We show that self-interacting DM (SIDM) can simultaneously explain observations of halo diversity at two opposite extremes$-$the inner density profile of the dense substructure perturbing the strong lens galaxy SDSSJ0946+1006 and the rotation curves of isolated, gas-rich ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs). To achieve this, we present the first cosmological zoom-in simulation featuring strong DM self-interactions in a galaxy group environment centered on a $10^{13}~M_{\mathrm{\odot}}$ host halo. In our SIDM simulation, most surviving subhalos of the group-mass host are deeply core-collapsed, yielding excellent candidates for the observed dense strong-lens perturber. Self-interactions simultaneously create kiloparsec-scale cores in low-concentration isolated halos, which could host the observed UDGs. Our scenario can be further tested with observations of DM structure and galaxies over a wide mass range.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Updated to published version
Random sequential adsorption of aligned rectangles with two discrete orientations: Finite-size scaling effects
Creators: name: Petrone, Luca
name: Lebovka, Nikolai
name: Cieśla, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study saturated packings produced according to random sequential adsorption (RSA) protocol built of identical rectangles deposited on a flat, continuous plane. An aspect ratio of rectangles is defined as the length-to-width ratio, $f=l/w$. The rectangles have a fixed unit area (i.e., $l \times w=1$), and therefore, their shape is defined by the value of $f$ ($l=\sqrt{f}$ and $w=1/\sqrt{f}$). The rectangles are allowed to align either vertically or horizontally with equal probability. The particles are deposited on a flat square substrate of side length $L$ (measured in units of particle length, $L \in [20, 1000]$) and periodic boundary conditions are applied along both directions. The finite-size scaling effects are characterized by a scaled anisotropy defined as $α= l/L = \sqrt{f}/L$. We showed that the properties of such packings strongly depend on the value of aspect ratio $f$ and the most significant scaling effects are observed for relatively long rectangles when $l\ge L/2$ (i.e. $α\ge 0.5$). It is especially visible for the mean packing fraction as a function of the scaled anisotropy $α$. The kinetics of packing growth for low to moderate rectangle anisotropy is to be governed by $\ln t/t$ law, where $t$ is proportional to the number of RSA iterations, which is the same as in the case of RSA of parallel squares. We also analyzed global orientational ordering in such packings and properties of domains consisting of a set of neighboring rectangles of the same orientation, and the probability that such domain forms a percolation.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Basal Chromospheric Flux and Maunder Minimum-type Stars: The quiet-Sun Chromosphere as a Universal Phenomenon
Creators: name: Schroeder, K. -P.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Martinez, M. I. Perez
name: Cuntz, M.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We demonstrate the universal character of the quiet-Sun chromosphere among inactive stars (solar-type and giants). By assessing the main physical processes, we shed new light on some common observational phenomena. Methods: We discuss measurements of the solar Mt. Wilson S-index, obtained by the Hamburg Robotic Telescope around the extreme minimum year 2009, and compare the established chromospheric basal Ca II K line flux to the Mt. Wilson S-index data of inactive ("flat activity") stars, including giants. Results: During the unusually deep and extended activity minimum of 2009, the Sun reached S-index values considerably lower than in any of its previously observed minima. In several brief periods, the Sun coincided exactly with the S-indices of inactive ("flat", presumed Maunder Minimum-type) solar analogues of the Mt. Wilson sample; at the same time, the solar visible surface was also free of any plages or remaining weak activity regions. The corresponding minimum Ca II K flux of the quiet Sun and of the presumed Maunder Minimum-type stars in the Mt. Wilson sample are found to be identical to the corresponding Ca II K chromospheric basal flux limit. Conclusions: We conclude that the quiet-Sun chromosphere is a universal phenomenon among inactive stars. Its mixed-polarity magnetic field, generated by a local, "fast" turbulent dynamo finally provides a natural explanation for the minimal soft X-ray emission observed for inactive stars. Given such a local dynamo also works for giant chromospheres, albeit on larger length scales, i.e., l ~ R/g, with R and g as stellar radius and surface gravity, respectively, the existence of giant spicular phenomena and the guidance of mechanical energy toward the acceleration zone of cool stellar winds along flux-tubes have now become traceable.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; Astronomy & Astrophysics (Research Note), in press
Efficient automatic design of robots
Creators: name: Matthews, David
name: Spielberg, Andrew
name: Rus, Daniela
name: Kriegman, Sam
name: Bongard, Josh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robots are notoriously difficult to design because of complex interdependencies between their physical structure, sensory and motor layouts, and behavior. Despite this, almost every detail of every robot built to date has been manually determined by a human designer after several months or years of iterative ideation, prototyping, and testing. Inspired by evolutionary design in nature, the automated design of robots using evolutionary algorithms has been attempted for two decades, but it too remains inefficient: days of supercomputing are required to design robots in simulation that, when manufactured, exhibit desired behavior. Here we show for the first time de-novo optimization of a robot's structure to exhibit a desired behavior, within seconds on a single consumer-grade computer, and the manufactured robot's retention of that behavior. Unlike other gradient-based robot design methods, this algorithm does not presuppose any particular anatomical form; starting instead from a randomly-generated apodous body plan, it consistently discovers legged locomotion, the most efficient known form of terrestrial movement. If combined with automated fabrication and scaled up to more challenging tasks, this advance promises near instantaneous design, manufacture, and deployment of unique and useful machines for medical, environmental, vehicular, and space-based tasks.
The Understandings and Experiences of Emerging Adults with ADHD: A New Lens
Creators: name: Lisitza, Aryn
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ADHD
subject: lived experience
subject: Dabrowski
subject: Theory of Positive Disintegration
subject: advanced development
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Psychology--Developmental
subject: Psychology--Personality

description: With ADHD on the rise, there is a plethora of research emerging on the lived experience of ADHD. The majority however, of this literature takes a third-person perspective or is cast from the dominant medical lens. Mayes and others offer critiques of the medicalization of ADHD and namely, of the arbitrary threshold by which abnormality is determined. Dabrowski offers a new perspective on pathology, deeming many of what is considered disordered symptomology to be signs of higher personal growth and development. This study aims to explore emerging adults’ perspective of their development and ADHD through the lens of Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration. The study involved interpretive phenomenological analysis methodology to interview and analyze the lived experiences of five emerging adults who have reportedly been formally diagnosed with ADHD. This study is the first of its kind to explore the first-person, non-pathologized lived experience of emerging adults with ADHD through Dabrowski’s TPD. It could, in turn, help uncover unique perspectives on the development and diagnosis of ADHD, and inform appropriate supports in training, practice, and policy involving parents, teachers, and psychologists alike.
Anisotropic spin gaps in BiAg$_2$-Ag/Si(111)
Creators: name: Crepaldi, Alberto
name: Pons, Stephane
name: Frantzeskakis, Emmanouil
name: Kern, Klaus
name: Grioni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the band structure of the BiAg$_2$/Ag/Si(111) trilayer system by means of high resolution Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). BiAg2/Ag/Si(111) exhibits a complex spin polarized electronic structure due to giant spin-orbit interactions. We show that a complete set of constant energy ARPES maps, supplemented by a modified nearly free electron calculation, provides a unique insight into the structure of the spin polarized bands and spin gaps. We also show that the complex gap structure can be continuously tuned in energy by a controlled deposition of an alkali metal.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Low-Scaling Algorithm for the Random Phase Approximation using Tensor Hypercontraction with k-point Sampling
Creators: name: Yeh, Chia-Nan
name: Morales, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a low-scaling algorithm for the random phase approximation (RPA) with \textbf{k}-point sampling in the framework of tensor hypercontraction (THC) for electron repulsion integrals (ERIs). The THC factorization is obtained via a revised interpolative separable density fitting (ISDF) procedure with a momentum-dependent auxiliary basis for generic single-particle Bloch orbitals. Our formulation does not require pre-optimized interpolating points nor auxiliary bases, and the accuracy is systematically controlled by the number of interpolating points. The resulting RPA algorithm scales linearly with the number of \textbf{k}-points and cubically with the system size without any assumption on sparsity or locality of orbitals. The errors of ERIs and RPA energy show rapid convergence with respect to the size of the THC auxiliary basis, suggesting a promising and robust direction to construct efficient algorithms of higher-order many-body perturbation theories for large-scale systems.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures
Focus on nursing point-of-care tools: application of a new evaluation rubric
Creators: name: Nickum, Nicky
name: Johnson-Barlow, Emily
name: Raszewski, Rebecca
name: Rafferty, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Objective: Point-of-care tools (PoCTs) provide evidence-based information on patient care and procedures at the time of need. Registered nurses have unique practice needs, and many PoCTs are marketed to support their practice. However, there is little reported evidence in the literature about evaluating nursing-focused PoCTs Case Presentation: The investigators developed a rubric containing evaluation criteria based on content, coverage of nursing topics, transparency of the evidence, user perception, and customization of PoCTs for supporting nursing practice. The investigators selected five PoCTs cited in the literature and of interest to local nursing leadership: ClinicalKey for Nursing, DynaMed, Lippincott’s Advisor and Procedures, Nursing Reference Center Plus, and UpToDate. Application of the rubric found Lippincott had the highest coverage of diagnoses, while ClinicalKey for Nursing had strong content focused on interventions and outcomes. Nursing Reference Center Plus provided the most well-rounded coverage of nursing terminology and topics. DynaMed and UpToDate were more transparent with indicating conflict of interest, but both had lower coverage of nursing terminology, content, and care processes. Conclusion: None of the five PoCTs strongly met all of the evaluated criteria. The rubric developed for this study highlights each PoCT’s strengths and weaknesses that can then be used to inform the decision-making process based on priorities and budget. The investigators recommend licensing a nursing PoCT and a PoCT like DynaMed or UpToDate to provide comprehensive, evidence-based, patient care coverage and to meet the diverse information needs of nurses.
Determinants for the Lightcone Worldsheet
Creators: name: Thorn, Charles B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evaluation of the determinant of the Laplacian defined on two dimensional regions of various shapes is an essential ingredient in calculating the scattering amplitudes of strings. In lightcone parameterization the regions are rectangular in shape with several slits of different length and location cut parallel to the $τ$ axis of the rectangle. This paper offers a compendium of applications of the methods of Kac and McKean and Singer to the calculation of such worldsheet determinants. Particular attention is paid to the effect of corners on the determinants. The effect of corners joining edges with like boundary conditions is implicit in Kac's results. We discuss the generalization to a corner joining a Dirichlet edge to a Neumann edge, and apply it to a scattering amplitude involving D-branes.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures, references and relevant comments added
Focus on nursing point-of-care tools: application of a new evaluation rubric
Creators: name: Nickum, Nicky
name: Johnson-Barlow, Emily
name: Raszewski, Rebecca
name: Rafferty, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Objective: Point-of-care tools (PoCTs) provide evidence-based information on patient care and procedures at the time of need. Registered nurses have unique practice needs, and many PoCTs are marketed to support their practice. However, there is little reported evidence in the literature about evaluating nursing-focused PoCTs Case Presentation: The investigators developed a rubric containing evaluation criteria based on content, coverage of nursing topics, transparency of the evidence, user perception, and customization of PoCTs for supporting nursing practice. The investigators selected five PoCTs cited in the literature and of interest to local nursing leadership: ClinicalKey for Nursing, DynaMed, Lippincott’s Advisor and Procedures, Nursing Reference Center Plus, and UpToDate. Application of the rubric found Lippincott had the highest coverage of diagnoses, while ClinicalKey for Nursing had strong content focused on interventions and outcomes. Nursing Reference Center Plus provided the most well-rounded coverage of nursing terminology and topics. DynaMed and UpToDate were more transparent with indicating conflict of interest, but both had lower coverage of nursing terminology, content, and care processes. Conclusion: None of the five PoCTs strongly met all of the evaluated criteria. The rubric developed for this study highlights each PoCT’s strengths and weaknesses that can then be used to inform the decision-making process based on priorities and budget. The investigators recommend licensing a nursing PoCT and a PoCT like DynaMed or UpToDate to provide comprehensive, evidence-based, patient care coverage and to meet the diverse information needs of nurses.
The Infrared Behaviour of the Pure Yang-Mills Green Functions
Creators: name: Boucaud, Ph.
name: Leroy, J. P.
name: Yaouanc, A. Le
name: Micheli, J.
name: Péne, O.
name: Rodríguez-Quintero, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the infrared properties of the pure Yang-Mills correlators and discuss recent results concerning the two classes of low-momentum solutions for them reported in literature; i.e. decoupling and scaling solutions. We will mainly focuss on the Landau gauge and pay special attention to the results inferred from the analysis of the Dyson-Schwinger equations of the theory and from "{\it quenched}" lattice QCD. The results obtained from properly interplaying both approaches are strongly emphasized.
description: Final version to be published in FBS (54 pgs., 11 figs., 4 tabs)
Finite time singularities for water waves with surface tension
Creators: name: Castro, Angel
name: Córdoba, Diego
name: Fefferman, Charles
name: Gancedo, Francisco
name: Gómez-Serrano, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Here we consider the 2D free boundary incompressible Euler equation with surface tension. We prove that the surface tension does not prevent a finite time splash or splat singularity, i.e. that the curve touches itself either in a point or along an arc. To do so, the main ingredients of the proof are a transformation to desingularize the curve and a priori energy estimates.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures
Current Flow and Pair Creation at Low Altitude in Rotation Powered Pulsars' Force-Free Magnetospheres: Space-Charge Limited Flow
Creators: name: Timokhin, A. N.
name: Arons, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (shortened) We report the results of an investigation of particle acceleration and electron-positron plasma generation at low altitude in the polar magnetic flux tubes of Rotation Powered Pulsars, when the stellar surface is free to emit whatever charges and currents are demanded by the force-free magnetosphere. We observe novel behavior. a) When the current density is less than the Goldreich-Julian (GJ) value (01), the system develops high voltage drops, causing emission of gamma rays and intense bursts of pair creation. The bursts exhibit limit cycle behavior, with characteristic time scales somewhat longer than the relativistic fly-by time over distances comparable to the polar cap diameter (microseconds). c) In return current regions, where j/j_{GJ}<0, the system develops similar bursts of pair creation. In cases b) and c), the intermittently generated pairs allow the system to simultaneously carry the magnetospherically prescribed currents and adjust the charge density and average electric field to force-free conditions. We also elucidate the conditions for pair creating beam flow to be steady, finding that such steady flows can occupy only a small fraction of the current density parameter space of the force-free magnetospheric model. The generic polar flow dynamics and pair creation is strongly time dependent. The model has an essential difference from almost all previous quantitative studies, in that we sought the accelerating voltage as a function of the applied current.
description: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Added new appendix, several minor changes in the text
Muon accelerators -- Muon lifetime measurements as window to Planck scale physics
Creators: name: Lobo, Iarley P.
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A prominent effective description of particles interacting with the quantum properties of gravity is through modifications of the general relativistic dispersion relation. Such modified dispersion relations lead to modifications in the relativistic time dilation. A perfect probe for this effect, which goes with the particle energy cubed $E^3$ over the quantum gravity scale $E_{\text{QG}}$ and the square of the particle mass $M^2$ would be a very light unstable particle for which one can detect the lifetime in the laboratory as a function of its energy to very high precision. In this article we conjecture that a muon collider or accelerator would be a perfect tool to investigate the existence of an anomalous time dilation, and with it the fundamental structure of spacetime at the Planck scale.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Matches version published in Classical and Quantum Gravity Focus Issue: "Focus on Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Era: Challenges and Perspectives"
Energy Districts: energy efficiency evaluation and solar strategies for representatives’ Canadian neighbourhoods (Canadian Archetypes)
Creators: name: D'Almeida, Ricardo Cordeiro
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Canadian Archetypes
subject: Energy Performance
subject: Solar Neighborhood
subject: Solar Energy
subject: Energy Efficiency
subject: Energy Simulation
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: This thesis examines the energy performance of existing Canadian neighborhoods using a method that analyzes the urban layout and multiple archetypes that are representatives of urban communities in Canada. The method presented uses different tools to assess and model the buildings of urban areas using assumptions based on census data and energy consumption databases. The locations selected to develop this study are Richmond, BC, Calgary, AB, Winnipeg, MB, Toronto, ON, and Montreal, QC. Utilizing commonly software used for energy simulation like SketchUp and EnergyPlus, energy models are proposed to estimate the energy consumption of each neighborhood and compared to a baseline developed using the NRCan database for average energy use per end-use. After achieving the energy demand of each urban zone, this thesis proposes different material composition for the building envelope by applying highly insulated materials and analyzes the impact of it I with respect to energy consumption. Focusing on achieving net-zero energy, solar strategies are also hypothetically implemented to offset the rest of the energy usage. Results shows that neighbourhoods with a conventional grid and tilted orientation presents a better energy reduction due to the better solar potential and geometric layout, where a neighbourhood met 95% of its energy needs with the proposed strategies.
Operator Learning with Neural Fields: Tackling PDEs on General Geometries
Creators: name: Serrano, Louis
name: Boudec, Lise Le
name: Koupaï, Armand Kassaï
name: Wang, Thomas X
name: Yin, Yuan
name: Vittaut, Jean-Noël
name: Gallinari, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning approaches for solving partial differential equations require learning mappings between function spaces. While convolutional or graph neural networks are constrained to discretized functions, neural operators present a promising milestone toward mapping functions directly. Despite impressive results they still face challenges with respect to the domain geometry and typically rely on some form of discretization. In order to alleviate such limitations, we present CORAL, a new method that leverages coordinate-based networks for solving PDEs on general geometries. CORAL is designed to remove constraints on the input mesh, making it applicable to any spatial sampling and geometry. Its ability extends to diverse problem domains, including PDE solving, spatio-temporal forecasting, and inverse problems like geometric design. CORAL demonstrates robust performance across multiple resolutions and performs well in both convex and non-convex domains, surpassing or performing on par with state-of-the-art models.
Additional file 1: of Effect of preconceptional orlistat treatment on in-vitro fertilization outcome in overweight/obese women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Wang, Ze
name: Wei, Daimin
name: Liu, Hong
name: Zhang, Jiangtao
name: Wang, Jianfeng
name: Shi, Yuhua
name: Chen, Zi-Jiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Cell Biology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: SPIRIT checklist. (DOC 125 kb)
ERP profiles for face and word recognition are based on their status in semantic memory not their stimulus category
Creators: name: Nie, Aiqing
name: Griffin, Michael
name: Keinath, Alexander
name: Walsh, Matthew
name: Dittmann, Andrea
name: Reder, Lynne
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Previous research has suggested that faces and words are processed and remembered differently as reflected by different ERP patterns for the two types of stimuli. Specifically, face stimuli produced greater late positive deflections for old items in anterior compared to posterior regions, while word stimuli produced greater late positive deflections in posterior compared to anterior regions. Given that words have existing representations in subjects׳ long-term memories (LTM) and that face stimuli used in prior experiments were of unknown individuals, we conducted an ERP study that crossed face and letter stimuli with the presence or absence of a prior (stable or existing) memory representation. During encoding, subjects judged whether stimuli were known (famous face or real word) or not known (unknown person or pseudo-word). A surprise recognition memory test required subjects to distinguish between stimuli that appeared during the encoding phase and stimuli that did not. ERP results were consistent with previous research when comparing unknown faces and words; however, the late ERP pattern for famous faces was more similar to that for words than for unknown faces. This suggests that the critical ERP difference is mediated by whether there is a prior representation in LTM, and not whether the stimulus involves letters or faces.
Leadership Practices of Founding School Leaders in Canadian Private Schools
Creators: name: Rogers, Jason Barry
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Educational Leadership
subject: Growth Mindset
subject: Systems Thinking
subject: Leadership Practices
subject: Leadership Theories
subject: Visionary Leadership
subject: Servant Leadership
subject: Distributed Leadership
subject: Private School
subject: Canada
subject: Education--Administration

description: In Canada, and around the world, in recent years there has been a proliferation in school choice. School choice includes options for K-12 students that include public, Catholic, charter, private schools, home schooling, and online schools. Without exception, leadership in all types of schools plays a critical role in the success, or failure, of the institution. When private schools close, students are required to move to another school and this may have a negative overall impact on their learning and educational experience. This study focused on founding school leaders’ leadership practices as the schools progressed from start-up to sustainability. The researcher utilized a multiple site case study analysis of four founding private school leaders who helped lead their schools and achieve sustainability. Semi-structured interviews and artifact analysis were used to determine common leadership practices that contributed to school sustainability. Specifically, the founding school leaders in this study discussed practices, such as: setting direction, building relationships and developing people, developing the organization to support desired practices, and improving the instructional programs. Furthermore, the founding school leaders reflected on their perceived ability to adapt their leadership style as was required, generally moving from visionary leadership to servant and then to distributed leadership. Finally, leaders in this study reported an adherence to a systems thinking orientation and a growth mindset that allowed them to provide the leadership required throughout the process of starting a private school.
Germany versus Russia : a social history of the divide between East and West
Creators: name: Gassner, Florian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The present study investigates European and in particular German representations of Russia in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Specifically, it discusses the image of Russia with regard to its influence on the formation of German identity. This dissertation demonstrates that cultural and intellectual distinction from an ‘Eastern’ Russia was pivotal for consolidating the ‘Western’ identity of Germans in the middle of the nineteenth century. The point of departure for this inquiry is the work of Larry Wolff, who argued that the origins of the modern east-west dichotomy lay in the late Enlightenment period. Wolff, however, by focusing on the history of ideas, describes but the first inception of this divide. This study, in contrast, through the example of Germany, discloses the socio-historical factors which led to the popularization and consummation of the distinction between Eastern and Western Europe in the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Thereby, it becomes evident that the modern east-west dichotomy was not the result of intellectual speculation, as Wolff asserts. Rather, its origins are inextricably linked to core processes in the formation of European civil society, such as the rise of the nation state idea, the popularization of liberalism, and the proliferation of racial chauvinism. Considering these factors helps fully appreciate the power of the modern east-west dichotomy and its sustained influence on German identity.
Examining Brain Structure after Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Shukla, Ayushi
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education--Health
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Mental Health

description: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) affect millions of children annually and present a huge burden to the public health care system. mTBIs often lead to emotional, cognitive, and physical difficulties, together known as post concussive symptoms (PCS), which usually resolve within 4 weeks of injury. In up to one third of all mTBI cases, PCS can be longer lasting and are referred to as persistent PCS (PPCS). In the pediatric population, since mTBI occurs when the brain is still developing, it can lead to altered developmental trajectories, and consequently affect children's cognitive functioning, symptomatology, and quality of life. This thesis aimed to use advanced neuroimaging techniques, [i.e., diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and voxel-based morphometry (VBM)] to study unexamined aspects of brain structure associated with mTBI, PPCS, and neurocognitive outcomes after mTBI. I used DTI and NODDI to examine white matter microstructure after mTBI at different time points after injury in comparison to orthopedic injury (OI) and used VBM to examine cerebellar gray matter volume and its association to neurocognitive outcomes of mTBI. The results revealed: 1) No post-acute differences in brain structure (white matter microstructure or gray matter) between children with mTBI or OI, 2) Age moderated differential trajectories of white matter change, 3- and 6-months post-injury in symptomatic children with mTBI compared to asymptomatic children with mTBI and an OI comparison group, 3) Higher gray matter volume in the motor regions of the cerebellum 3-months after injury in the mTBI compared to the OI group, 4) Disruptions in the association between reaction time and cerebellar volume in children with mTBI. This novel set of studies provides new knowledge about brain structure following pediatric mTBI and has important implications for improving our understanding of neurobiological correlates of pediatric mTBI.
Unveiling a nematic quantum critical point in multi-orbital systems
Creators: name: Puetter, Christoph M.
name: Swiecicki, Sylvia D.
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic nematicity, proposed to exist in a number of transition metal materials, can have different microscopic origins. In particular, the anisotropic resistivity and meta-magnetic jumps observed in Sr3Ru2O7 are consistent with an earlier proposal that the isotropic-nematic transition is generically first order and accompanied by meta-magnetism when tuned by a magnetic field. However, additional striking experimental features such as a non-Fermi liquid resistivity and critical thermodynamic behavior imply the presence of an unidentified quantum critical point (QCP). Here we show that orbital degrees of freedom play an essential role in revealing a nematic QCP, even though it is overshadowed by a nearby meta-nematic transition at low temperature. We further present a finite temperature phase diagram including the entropy landscape and discuss our findings in light of the phenomena observed in Sr3Ru2O7.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Blood, Sweat, and Oil: An Ethnographic Examination of Worker Well-being and Culture in Alberta’s Petroleum Industry
Creators: name: Wright, Alysia C.
Publisher: name: Social Work
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anthropology--Cultural
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Natural resource extraction is an industry that provides crude oil, minerals, and gas for global consumption. Despite the increasing visibility of the environmental, economic, and political harm attributed to the petroleum industry writ large, each of us, in one form or another, benefits from its products and the labour of the workers invisible beyond the veil of industry. This study aimed to elucidate the human and social costs associated with working in the petroleum industry, specifically related to the relationship between workers’ well-being, the demands and challenges of work, and the culture of the petroleum industry. Using a critical ethnographic methodology, I gathered the stories of 19 oil workers who talked about how the demands and challenges of working in the petroleum industry affected their well-being. I developed three broad thematic statements from these interviews: (a) oilfield culture was a vital aspect of working in the petroleum industry that determined psychosocial enforcement of identity, norms, and expectations among workers, (b) labour superseded well-being to ensure continuity of production, and (c) surviving in a petroeconomy bred singular reliance upon the petroleum industry and necessitated increasingly adaptive and resilient workers. I conclude this dissertation with a discussion about the implications of these findings and recommendations for future research focusing on workers' lived experiences at work and home.
Gadamer and praxis : towards a dialogic praxis in nursing curriculum
Creators: name: Hadfield, Janine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study explores the meaning of praxis in nursing programs at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. My inquiry arose from teaching praxis seminars, where I discovered that there was little consistency in its meaning by consulting colleagues, by researching university archives, and by reviewing the nursing literature. Through a philosophical exploration, however, I learned that praxis involves making moral decisions about how to act well in the world, making praxis a key concern for nursing educators in their efforts to foster such conduct. Praxis, so understood, involves embracing the particulars of the situation and their relationship to universals. My confusion about praxis was, in part, explained by the 2400-year history of the concept. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were all concerned with ethical action and the relationship between knowledge and experience (the general and particular), but each with a different emphasis. Plato emphasized the acquisition of certain forms of knowledge in helping people to act well; Aristotle claimed that ethical conduct (understood as praxis) depends partly on experience in the world. Over the centuries either Plato or Aristotle’s formulation has been preferred at different times. I have relied largely on the work of the neo-Aristotelian Hans-Georg Gadamer who develops a philosophical hermeneutics circle for praxis, especially the idea of how the general, shaped by our history and traditions, can be dialectically connected to the particular, that is, our experiences, by dialogue. I have critically analyzed dialogues from my practice using the concepts and conditions of understanding proposed by Gadamer. Gadamer provides important resources that can assist nursing educators and nurses in understanding nursing practice as moral action. A Gadamerian approach encourages nurse educators to be alert to the differences in our students and their prior experience and knowledge as they approach interpretive encounters. It requires operating in the space between the particular and the general through dialogue. We can create this space and the curiosity to address moral issues that nurses confront in their practice of praxis by asking questions that support students’ understanding, motivations and prejudices, and by being humble about our conclusions.
Gaining more from Tweets: Knowledge, Actions, and Requirements Elicitation by a Hybrid Method of Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Masahati, Mohammad Navid
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Requirements Engineering
subject: Natural Language Processing
subject: Decision Support
subject: Computer Science

description: In Decision Support Systems (DSS) one of the most important types of input data for supporting the final decisions is textual data. However, in this era, there are significantly more volumes of textual content generated from various sources than could ever be processed, analyzed, and further used for decision-making. Moreover, most of the textual data sources produce unstructured content with no unified scheme, thus, making it even more difficult to automatically mine them for gold nuggets of information supporting pivotal data-supported decisions. One of the most widely used sources of textual content for mining public opinions and extracting subject-specific requirements is Twitter in which people publish over 500 million tweets on a daily basis. While this makes Twitter a great source of knowledge for public requirements and trends, Tweets are very difficult to be processed for requirements and knowledge elicitation since they are unstructured, written in conversational and imperfect grammar, and often non-informative for supporting decisions without being properly processed and analyzed. Here in the course of this thesis, a semi-automatic methodology pipeline named DeKoReMi (Deep Knowledge and Requirements Miner) is proposed that employs state-of-the-art Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing techniques. The goal is to elicit the hidden and integral requirements, and more importantly, the necessary related knowledge and description to explain the extracted requirements from extremely large corpses of textual unstructured content (specifically Tweets). The retrieved information will further be used as the basis of pivotal data-supported decisions in a wide variety of Decision Support Systems. In this research, DeKoReMi has been developed and proved to be effective using the "Action Research" methodology over the course of three real-life industrial-academic projects conducted in collaboration with the City of Calgary, and Suncor Energy having processed over 10 million tweets combined.
Flavoring Monochromatic Neutrino Flux from Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Farzan, Yasaman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well-known, if the scattering cross section of the Dark Matter (DM) particles off the nuclei inside the Sun is large enough, the Sun can trap DM particles. In principle, the annihilation of DM pair inside the Sun can then lead to the detection of a relatively large flux of neutrinos in the neutrino telescopes. If the annihilation directly produces a neutrino pair, the flux of neutrinos on Earth will be monochromatic. In this case, the oscillatory terms in the oscillation probability lead to a novel seasonal variation of detected events which is sensitive to the initial flavor composition. In this paper, we propose two models that predict such a detectable monochromatic neutrino flux from the DM annihilation. Model I, which is based on augmenting the type II seesaw mechanism, predicts a flavor composition for the monochromatic flux determined by $(m_ν)_{αβ}$. In model II, the DM pair first annihilates to a pair of sterile neutrinos which oscillate into active neutrinos with a flavor composition determined by the flavor structure of the active-sterile neutrino mixing.
description: 27 pages, version to appear in JHEP
Constrained LASSO for Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (SINDy)
Creators: name: Mackie, Alexander Douglas
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: Our work explores and expands on (Brunton, Proctor, and Kutz, 2016) with regard to bluff body vortex shedding. We have adapted the SINDy method by applying a transformation of the data to reduce the number of dimensions under investigation. We also applied Galerkin constraints associated with our transformation in order to further reduce the variables being considered when model building. Finally, by using LASSO as our method of solving the SINDy problem rather than sequential threshold least squares, we have created a much more efficient approach that attempts to discover the generating equations of the non-linear dynamical system associated with vortex shedding in the wake of a flat plate. Our approach was tested by modeling vortex shedding in the wake of a cylindrical bluff body with a low Reynolds number, and was able to extract expected elements of the governing equations. With this success, we established several models for vortex shedding in the wake of a flat plate bluff body (for both open and closed ends) at a high Reynolds number. Under our transformed data, we obtained 2, 3 and 5 mode models that may shed some light into the dynamics of the system.