cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deformable Scintillation Dosimeter II: Real-Time Simultaneous Measurements of Dose and Tracking of Deformation Vector Fields
Creators: name: Cloutier, Emily
name: Beaulieu, Luc
name: Archambault, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anatomical motion and deformation pose challenges to the understanding of the delivered dose distribution during radiotherapy treatments. Hence, deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms are increasingly used to map contours and dose distributions from one image set to another. However, the lack of validation tools slows their clinical adoption, despite their commercial availability. This work presents a novel water-equivalent deformable dosimeter that simultaneously measures the dose distribution and tracks deformation vector fields (DVF). The dosimeter in made of an array of 19 scintillating fiber detectors embedded in a cylindrical elastomer matrix. It is imaged by two pairs of stereoscopic cameras tracking the position and angulation of the scintillators, while measuring the dose. The resulting system provides a precision of 0.3 mm on DVF measurements. The dosimeter was irradiated with 5$\times$3, 4$\times$3 and 3$\times$3 cm$^2$ 6 MV photon beams in both fixed and deformed conditions. The measured DVF was compared to the one computed with a DIR algorithm (Plastimatch). The deviations between the computed and measured DVFs was below 1.5 mm. As for dose measurements, the dosimeter acquired the dose distribution in fixed and deformed conditions within 1\% of the treatment planning system calculation and complementary dose validation using the Hyperscint dosimetry system. Using the demonstrated qualities of scintillating detectors, we developed a real-time, water-equivalent deformable dosimeter. Given it's sensor tracking position precision and dose measurements accuracy, the developed detector is a promising tools for the validation of DIR algorithms as well as dose distribution measurements under fixed and deformed conditions.
X-Ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Dai, Z. G.
name: Wang, X. Y.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations support the suggestion that short-duration gamma-ray bursts are produced by compact star mergers. The X-ray flares discovered in two short gamma-ray bursts last much longer than the previously proposed postmerger energy release time scales. Here we show that they can be produced by differentially rotating, millisecond pulsars after the mergers of binary neutron stars. The differential rotation leads to windup of interior poloidal magnetic fields and the resulting toroidal fields are strong enough to float up and break through the stellar surface. Magnetic reconnection--driven explosive events then occur, leading to multiple X-ray flares minutes after the original gamma-ray burst.
description: 10 pages, published in Science
Electron Spectra for Twisted Electron Collisions
Creators: name: Plumadore, A.
name: Harris, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionization collisions have important consequences in many physical phenomena, and the mechanism that leads to ionization is not universal. Double differential cross sections (DDCSs) are often used to identify ionization mechanisms because they exhibit features that distinguish close collisions from grazing collisions. In the angular DDCS, a sharp peak indicates ionization through a close binary collision, while a broad angular distribution points to a grazing collision. In the DDCS energy spectrum, electrons ejected through a binary encounter collision result in peak at an energy predicted from momentum conservation. These insights into ionization processes are well-established for plane wave projectiles. However, the recent development of sculpted particle wave packets reopens the question of how ionization occurs for these new particle wave forms. We present theoretical DDCSs for (e,2e) ionization of atomic hydrogen for electron vortex projectiles. Our results predict that the ionization mechanism for vortex projectiles is similar to that of non-vortex projectiles, but that features in the DDCS that distinguish ionization mechanisms are obscured by the projectile's momentum uncertainty. Additionally, the projectile's non-zero transverse momentum increases the cross section for high energy ejected electrons.
Dolichogenidea lacteicolor
Creators: name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose
name: Sakagami, Kota
name: Shimizu, So
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dolichogenidea
Dolichogenidea lacteicolor

description: D. lacteicolor (Viereck, 1911): Propodeum with areola completely defined by carinae, including strong transverse carinae forking around spiracles; T1 and T2 much more strongly sculptured (especially T2, which is strongly striated longitudinally).
description: Published as part of Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Sakagami, Kota & Shimizu, So, 2018, Dolichogenidea maetoi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, the first parasitoid wasp recorded from Hyblaea fortissima (Lepidoptera), pp. 167-175 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0014, http://zenodo.org/record/3699178
Additional file 1 of The genetic scenario of Mercheros: an under-represented group within the Iberian Peninsula
Creators: name: Flores-Bello, André
name: Font-Porterias, Neus
name: Aizpurua-Iraola, Julen
name: Duarri-Redondo, Sara
name: Comas, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information file. Additional Figures (Fig. S1-S9) and Tables (Table S1- S7) with their references.
Reversal modes in arrays of interacting magnetic Ni nanowires: Monte Carlo simulations and scaling technique
Creators: name: Bahiana, M.
name: Allende, S.
name: Amaral, F. S.
name: Altbir, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of dipolar interactions in hexagonal arrays of Ni nanowires has been investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations combined with a scaling technique, which allows the investigation of the internal structure of the wires. A strong dependence of the coercivity and remanence on the distance between wires has been observed. At intermediate packing densities the coercivity exhibits a maximum, higher than the non-interacting value. This behavior, experimentally observed, has been explained on grounds of the interwire dipolar interactions. Also, different reversal modes of the magnetization have been identified.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Interplay of paramagnetic, orbital and impurity effects on the phase transition of a normal metal to superconducting state
Creators: name: Houzet, M.
name: Mineev, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the generalized Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional for conventional and unconventional singlet superconductors in the presence of paramagnetic, orbital and impurity effects. Within the mean field theory, we determine the criterion for appearence of the non uniform (Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov) superconducting state, with vortex lattice structure and additional modulation along the magnetic field. We also discuss the possible change of the order of transition from normal to superconducting state. We find that the superconducting phase diagram is very sensitive to geometrical effects such as the nature of the order parameter and the shape of the Fermi surface. In particular, we obtain the qualitative phase diagrams for three-dimensional isotropic s-wave superconductors and in quasi two-dimensional d-wave superconductors under magnetic field perpendicular to the conducting layers. In addition, we determine the criterion for instability toward non uniform superconducting state in s-wave superconductors in the dirty limit.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
de Sitter String Vacua from Perturbative Kahler Corrections and Consistent D-terms
Creators: name: Parameswaran, Susha L.
name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new way to construct de Sitter vacua in type IIB flux compactifications, in which moduli stabilization and D-term uplifting can be combined in a manner consistent with the supergravity constraints. Here, the closed string fluxes fix the dilaton and the complex structure moduli while perturbative quantum corrections to the Kahler potential stabilize the volume Kahler modulus in an AdS_4-vacuum. Then, the presence of magnetized D7-branes in this setup provide supersymmetric D-terms in a fully consistent way which uplift the AdS_4-vacuum to a metastable dS-minimum.
description: 1+14 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX, v2: uses JHEP class, references added, typos removed, matches published version (JHEP)
Additional file 1 of Trends and predictive factors for treatment failure following artemisinin-based combination therapy among children with uncomplicated malaria in Ghana: 2005–2018
Creators: name: Abuaku, Benjamin
name: Duah-Quashie, Nancy Odurowah
name: Quashie, Neils
name: Gyasi, Akosua
name: Afriyie, Patricia Opoku
name: Owusu-Antwi, Felicia
name: Ghansah, Anita
name: Malm, Keziah Laurencia
name: Bart-Plange, Constance
name: Koram, Kwadwo Ansah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Proportional hazard assumption test results.
Small group elicitation session on passives and gerunds
Creators: name: Massoma, Achille
name: Sandy, Clare S.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: abb

description: Subjunctive/hortative for 'heat'; subjunctive/hortative for 'call', 'carry', 'catch', 'extinguish', 'eat', 'walk'; subjunctive/hortative for 'cut', 'count', 'wash', 'profit'; subjunctive/hortative for 'send'; passive (-bE form) for 'heat'; passive (-bE form) for 'call', 'carry', 'catch'; passive (-bE form) for 'extinguish'; passive (-bE form) for 'eat', 'walk' (= 'taken away'); passive (-bE form) for 'cut', 'wash', (none for) 'profit', 'buy', 'help', 'send'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'heat', 'wash'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'call', 'carry', 'catch'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'extinguish', 'eat'; no gerund (-Vk form) for 'walk'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'cut'; short forms for other words; gerund (-Vk form) for 'count'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'profit' (no -k form), 'buy', 'help' (no -k form), 'send'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'lost' (no -k form), 'cover' (also long form), 'have' (also long form); gerund (-Vk form) for 'write'; gerund (-Vk form) for 'put', 'sell'.
Expanding Bipolar X-ray Structure After the 2006 Eruption of RS Oph
Creators: name: Montez, R.
name: Luna, G. J. M.
name: Mukai, K.
name: Sokoloski, J.
name: Kastner, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the detection and analysis of extended X-ray emission by the {\it Chandra} X-ray Observatory stemming from the 2006 eruption of the recurrent novae RS Oph. The extended emission was detected 1254 and 1927 days after the start of the 2006 eruption and is consistent with a bipolar flow oriented in the east-west direction of the sky with opening angles of approximately $70^{\circ}$. The length of both lobes appeared to expand from 1.3 arcsec in 2009 to 2.0 arcsec in 2011, suggesting a projected expansion rate of $1.1\pm0.1 {\rm ~mas~day}^{-1}$ and an expansion velocity of $4600\ {\rm km~s}^{-1}\ (D/2.4\ {\rm kpc})$ in the plane of the sky. This expansion rate is consistent with previous estimates from optical and radio observations of material in a similar orientation. The X-ray emission does not show any evidence of cooling between 2009 and 2011, consistent with free expansion of the material. This discovery suggests that some mechanism collimates ejecta away from the equatorial plane, and that after that material passes through the red-giant wind, it expands freely into the cavity left by the 1985 eruption. We expect similar structures to arise from latest eruption and to expand into the cavity shaped by the 2006 eruption.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ and as a chapter to my memoir: thank you for your patience, or other ways to stop apologizing for being late
Determination of f_0(980) Structure by Fragmentation Functions
Creators: name: Hirai, M.
name: Kumano, S.
name: Oka, M.
name: Sudoh, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss internal structure of an exotic hadron by using fragmentation functions. The fragmentation functions for the f_0(980) meson are obtained by a global analysis of e^++e^- \to f_0+X data. Quark configuration of the f_0(980) could be determined by peak positions and second moments of the obtained fragmentation functions.
description: 4page, 2eps figures, To appear in the proceedings of Chiral Symmetry in Hadron and Nuclear Physics (Chiral 07), Osaka, Japan, 13-16 Nov. 2007
Dolichogenidea laevigatoides
Creators: name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose
name: Sakagami, Kota
name: Shimizu, So
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dolichogenidea
Dolichogenidea laevigatoides

description: D. laevigatoides (Nixon, 1972): Flagellomeres 14 and 15 cubic; ovipositor sheath longer (around 1.2 times) than metatibia.
description: Published as part of Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Sakagami, Kota & Shimizu, So, 2018, Dolichogenidea maetoi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, the first parasitoid wasp recorded from Hyblaea fortissima (Lepidoptera), pp. 167-175 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0014, http://zenodo.org/record/3699178
The evolutionary status of the white dwarf companion of the binary pulsar PSR J1713+0747
Creators: name: Benvenuto, O. G.
name: Rohrmann, R. D.
name: De Vito, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Splaver and coworkers have measured the masses of the white dwarf and the neutron star components of the PSR J1713+0747 binary system pair by Shapiro Delay. We attempt to find the original configuration of this system performing a set of binary evolution calculations to simultaneously account for the masses of both stars and the orbital period. We considered initial masses of 1.5 and 1.4 \msun for the normal (donor) and the neutron star, respectively. We assumed two metallicity values (Z = 0.010 and 0.020), and an initial orbital period near 3 days. We assume that the neutron star is only able to retain \lesssim 0.10 of the matter transferred by the donor star. Calculations were performed employing our binary hydro code that handles the mass transfer rate in a fully implicit way together with state-of-the-art physical ingredients, diffusion and a non-grey atmospheres. We compare the structure of the resulting white dwarfs with the characteristic age of PSR J1713+0747 finding a nice agreement with observations by Lundgren et al. especially for the case of a donor star with Z= 0.010. This result indicates that the evolution of this kind of binary system is well understood. The models predict that, due to diffusion, the atmosphere of the white dwarf is an almost hydrogen-pure one. We find that such structures are unable to account for the colours measured by Lundgren et al. within their error bars. Thus, some discrepances in the white dwarf emergent radiation remain to be explained.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. Published in MNRAS
Space-time dispersion of graphene conductivity
Creators: name: Falkovsky, L. A.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytic calculation of the conductivity of pure graphene as a function of frequency $ω$, wave-vector $k$, and temperature for the range where the energies related to all these parameters are small in comparison with the band parameter $γ=3$ eV. The simple asymptotic expressions are given in various limiting cases. For instance, the conductivity for $kv_{0}\ll T\ll ω$ is equal to $σ(ω, k)=e^{2}/4\hbar $ and independent of the band structure parameters $γ$ and $v_{0}$. Our results are also used to explain the known dependence of the graphite conductivity on temperature and pressure.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be submitted
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КТ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА ПРИ ОСТРЕЙШЕМ ПЕРИОДЕ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОГО ИНСУЛЬТА ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ИСХОДА ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ.
Creators: name: Мухторов, Расул
name: Хакимов, Сардор
name: Куранбаева, Сатима
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В 2020 году глобальная распространенность всех подтипов инсульта составила 89,13 миллиона случаев; в частности, глобальная распространенность острого ишемического инсульта (ОИС) составила 68,16 миллиона человек. Глобальная распространенность внутричерепных кровоизлияний (ВЧК) и субарахноидальных кровоизлияний (САК) составила соответственно 18,88 миллиона и 8,09 миллиона случаев[2,4]. В 2020 году глобальная заболеваемость инсультом составила 11,71 миллиона человек, причем из всех инсультов ишемический инсульт составил примерно 65% всех случаев, ВМК и САК составили соответственно около 29% и 6% всех случаев.
Can jets make the radioactively powered emission from neutron star mergers bluer?
Creators: name: Nativi, Lorenzo
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Rosswog, Stephan
name: Lundman, Christoffer
name: Kowal, Grzegorz
name: Gizzi, Davide
name: Lamb, Gavin Paul
name: Perego, Albino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron star mergers eject neutron-rich matter in which heavy elements are synthesised. The decay of these freshly synthesised elements powers electromagnetic transients ("macronovae" or "kilonovae") whose luminosity and colour strongly depend on their nuclear composition. If the ejecta are very neutron-rich (electron fraction $Y_\mathrm{e} < 0.25$), they contain fair amounts of lanthanides and actinides which have large opacities and therefore efficiently trap the radiation inside the ejecta so that the emission peaks in the red part of the spectrum. Even small amounts of this high-opacity material can obscure emission from lower lying material and therefore act as a "lanthanide curtain". Here, we investigate how a relativistic jet that punches through the ejecta can potentially push away a significant fraction of the high opacity material before the macronova begins to shine. We use the results of detailed neutrino-driven wind studies as initial conditions and explore with 3D special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations how jets are propagating through these winds. Subsequently, we perform Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations to explore the resulting macronova emission. We find that the hole punched by the jet makes the macronova brighter and bluer for on-axis observers during the first few days of emission, and that more powerful jets have larger impacts on the macronova.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
More about sgoldstino interpretation of HyperCP events
Creators: name: Demidov, S. V.
name: Gorbunov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further discuss possible sgoldstino interpretation of the observation, reported by the HyperCP collaboration, of three Σ^+\to pμ^+μ^- decay events with dimuon invariant mass 214.3 MeV within detector resolution. With sgoldstino mass equal to 214.3 MeV, this interpretation can be verified at existing and future B- and ϕ-factories. We find that the most natural values of the branching ratios of two-body B- and D-meson decays to sgoldstino P and vector meson V are about 10^{-6}\div10^{-7}. The branching ratios of ϕ-meson decay ϕ\to Pγis estimated to be in the range 1.8\cdot 10^{-13} ÷1.6\cdot 10^{-7}, depending on the hierarchy of supersymmetry breaking soft terms. Similar branchings for ρ- and ω-mesons are in the range 10^{-14}÷3.4\cdot 10^{-7}.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Dolichogenidea iranica
Creators: name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose
name: Sakagami, Kota
name: Shimizu, So
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dolichogenidea
Dolichogenidea iranica

description: D. iranica (Telenga, 1955): Forewing vein R1 much shorter than pterostigma length; T1 widening towards posterior margin.
description: Published as part of Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Sakagami, Kota & Shimizu, So, 2018, Dolichogenidea maetoi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, the first parasitoid wasp recorded from Hyblaea fortissima (Lepidoptera), pp. 167-175 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 172, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0014, http://zenodo.org/record/3699178
String homology of spheres and projective spaces
Creators: name: Westerland, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N45; 55N91; 55S91

description: We study a spectral sequence that computes the (mod 2) S^1-equivariant homology of the free loop space LM of a manifold M (the "string homology" of M). Using it and knowledge of the string topology operations on the homology of LM, we compute the string homology of M when M is a sphere or a projective space.
description: 11 pages
Guarding curvilinear art galleries with vertex or point guards
Creators: name: Karavelas, Menelaos I.
name: Tsigaridas, Elias P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.3.5

description: One of the earliest and most well known problems in computational geometry is the so-called art gallery problem. The goal is to compute the minimum possible number guards placed on the vertices of a simple polygon in such a way that they cover the interior of the polygon. In this paper we consider the problem of guarding an art gallery which is modeled as a polygon with curvilinear walls. Our main focus is on polygons the edges of which are convex arcs pointing towards the exterior or interior of the polygon (but not both), named piecewise-convex and piecewise-concave polygons. We prove that, in the case of piecewise-convex polygons, if we only allow vertex guards, $\lfloor\frac{4n}{7}\rfloor-1$ guards are sometimes necessary, and $\lfloor\frac{2n}{3}\rfloor$ guards are always sufficient. Moreover, an $O(n\log{}n)$ time and O(n) space algorithm is described that produces a vertex guarding set of size at most $\lfloor\frac{2n}{3}\rfloor$. When we allow point guards the afore-mentioned lower bound drops down to $\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$. In the special case of monotone piecewise-convex polygons we can show that $\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$ vertex guards are always sufficient and sometimes necessary; these bounds remain valid even if we allow point guards. In the case of piecewise-concave polygons, we show that $2n-4$ point guards are always sufficient and sometimes necessary, whereas it might not be possible to guard such polygons by vertex guards. We conclude with bounds for other types of curvilinear polygons and future work.
description: 35 pages, 24 figures
Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in binary mixtures of disparate-mass constituents: SF$_6-$He, SF$_6-$D$_2$ and SF$_6-$H$_2$
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanqing
name: Ubachs, Wim
name: Marques, Wilson
name: de Moraes, Cesar A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral distribution of light scattered by microscopic thermal fluctuations in binary mixture gases was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements of Rayleigh-Brillouin spectral profiles were performed at a wavelength of 532 nm and at room temperature, for mixtures of SF$_6-$He, SF$_6-$D$_2$ and SF$_6-$H$_2$. In these measurements, the pressure of the gases with heavy molecular mass (SF$_6$) is set at 1 bar, while the pressure of the lighter collision partner was varied. In view of the large polarizability of SF$_6$ and the very small polarizabilities of He, H$_2$ and D$_2$, under the chosen pressure conditions these low mass species act as spectators and do not contribute to the light scattering spectrum, while they influence the motion and relaxation of the heavy SF$_6$ molecules. A generalized hydrodynamic model was developed that should be applicable for the particular case of molecules with heavy and light disparate masses, as is the case for the heavy SF$_6$ molecule, and the lighter collision partners. Based on the kinetic theory of gases, our model replaces the classical Navier-Stokes-Fourier relations with constitutive equations having an exponential memory kernel. The energy exchange between translational and internal modes of motion is included and quantified with a single parameter $z$ that characterizes the ratio between the mean elastic and inelastic molecular collision frequencies. The model is compared with the experimental Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering data, where the value of the parameter $z$ is determined in a least-squares procedure. Where very good agreement is found between experiment and the generalized hydrodynamic model, the computations in the framework of classical hydrodynamics strongly deviate. Only in the hydrodynamic regime both models are shown to converge.
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Jets
Creators: name: Davis, Shane W.
name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a broad consensus that accretion onto supermassive black holes and consequent jet formation power the observed emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, there has been less agreement about how jets form in accretion flows, their possible relationship to black hole spin, and how they interact with the surrounding medium. There have also been theoretical concerns about instabilities in standard accretion disk models and lingering discrepancies with observational constraints. Despite seemingly successful applications to X-ray binaries, the standard accretion disk model faces a growing list of observational constraints that challenge its application to AGNs. Theoretical exploration of these questions has become increasingly reliant on numerical simulations owing to the dynamic nature of these flows and the complex interplay between hydrodynamics, magnetic fields, radiation transfer, and curved spacetime. We conclude the following: The advent of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations has greatly improved our understanding of jet production and its dependence on black hole spin. Simulation results show both disks and jets are sensitive to the magnetic flux threading the accretion flow as well as possible misalignment between the angular momentum of the accretion flow and the black hole spin. Radiation MHD simulations are providing new insights into the stability of luminous accretion flows and highlighting the potential importance of radiation viscosity, UV opacity from atoms, and spiral density waves in AGNs.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures, Invited review published in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Slow Relaxation Process in Ising like Heisenberg Kagome Antiferromagnets due to Macroscopic Degeneracy in the Ordered State
Creators: name: Tanaka, Shu
name: Miyashita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study relaxation phenomena in the ferromagnetically ordered state of the Ising-like Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnets. We introduce the "weathervane loop" in order to characterize macroscopic degenerate ordered states and study the microscopic mechanism of the slow relaxation from a view point of the dynamics of the weathervane loop configuration. This mechanism may give a possible origin of the slow relaxation reported in recent experiments.
description: 6pages, 4figures, HFM2006 proceedings
Coupled oscillators as models of quintom dark energy
Creators: name: Setare, M. R.
name: Saridakis, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quintom cosmology in FRW universes using isomorphic models consisting of three coupled oscillators, one of which carries negative kinetic energy. In particular, we examine the cosmological paradigms of minimally-coupled massless quintom, of two conformally-coupled massive scalars and of conformally-coupled massive quintom, and we obtain their qualitative characteristics as well as their quantitative asymptotic behavior. For open or flat geometries, we find that, independently of the specific initial conditions, the universe is always led to an eternal expansion.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Stream-Aligned Magnetohydrodynamics for Solar Wind Simulations
Creators: name: Sokolov, Igor V
name: Zhao, Lulu
name: Gombosi, Tamas I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mathematical model describing the dynamical behavior of highly conducting plasmas with frozen-in magnetic fields, constrained by the assumption that, there exists a frame of reference, where the magnetic field vector, $\mathbf{B}$, is aligned with the plasma velocity vector, $\mathbf{u}$, at each point. We call this solution "stream-aligned MHD" (SA-MHD). Within the framework of this model, the electric field, $\mathbf{E} = -\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{B} \equiv 0$, in the induction equation vanishes identically and so does the electromagnetic energy flux (Poynting flux), $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}\equiv0$, in the energy equation. At the same time, the force effect from the magnetic field on the plasma motion (the Ampere force) is fully taken into account in the momentum equation. Any steady-state solution of the proposed model is a legitimate solution of the full MHD system of equations. However, the converse statement is not true: in an arbitrary steady-state magnetic field the electric field does not have to vanish identically (its curl has to, though). Specifically, realistic tree-dimensional solutions for the steady-state ("ambient") solar atmosphere in the form of so-called Parker spirals, can be efficiently generated within the stream-aligned MHD (SA-MHD) with no loss in generality
description: 22 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
Small group elicitation on associatives
Creators: name: Massoma, Achille
name: Lionnet, Florian
name: Sandy, Clare S.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: abb

description: 'extinguish' - associative; 'eat' - associative; 'walk' - associative; 'count' - associative, applicative, stative, passive, past associative, stative (resultative) associative; 'cut' - associative, hortative/subjunctive; 'wash' - associative, applicative; 'profit' - associative; 'buy' - associative, associative longer forms; 'help' - associative, applicative; 'send' - stative/applic, associative.
Approaching Thouless Energy and Griffiths Regime in Random Spin Systems By Singular Value Decomposition
Creators: name: Rao, Wen-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ singular value decomposition (SVD) to study the eigenvalue spectra of random spin systems. By SVD, eigenvalue spectrum is decomposed into orthonormal modes $W_k$ with weight $λ_k$. We show that the scree plot ($λ_k$ with respect to $k$) in the ergodic phase contains two branches that both follow power-law $λ_k\sim k^{-α}$ but with different exponents $α$. By evaluating $W_k$, it's verified the part of $λ_k $ with $k>k_{\text{Th}}$ is universal that follows random matrix theory, where $k_{\text{Th}}$ is related to the Thouless energy. We further demonstrate that $α$ corresponds only to the exponential part of the level spacing distribution while being insensitive to the level repulsion, or equivalently the system's symmetry. Consequently, $α$ gives an underestimation for the many-body localization transition point, which suggests a non-ergodic behavior that may be attributed to the Griffiths regime.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Discrete symmetries and 1/3-quantum vortices in condensates of F=2 cold atoms
Creators: name: Semenoff, Gordon W.
name: Zhou, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we study discrete symmetries of mean field manifolds of condensates of F=2 cold atoms, and various unconventional quantum vortices. Discrete quaternion symmetries result in two species of spin defects that can only appear in integer vortices while {\em cyclic} symmetries are found to result in a phase shift of $2π/3$ (or $4π/3$) and therefore 1/3- (or 2/3-) quantum vortices in condensates. We also briefly discuss 1/3-quantum vortices in condensates of trimers.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures included; published version
Experimental evidence for the breakdown of a Hartree-Fock approach in a weakly interacting Bose gas
Creators: name: Trebbia, Jean-Baptiste
name: Estève, Jérôme
name: Westbrook, Christoph I.
name: Bouchoule, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of a quasi-condensate in a nearly one dimensional, weakly interacting trapped atomic Bose gas. We show that a Hartree Fock (mean-field) approach fails to explain the presence of the quasi-condensate in the center of the cloud: the quasi-condensate appears through an interaction-driven cross-over and not a saturation of the excited states. Numerical calculations based on Bogoliubov theory give an estimate of the cross-over density in agreement with experimental results.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters
Accelerated Cosmological Models in Modified Gravity tested by distant Supernovae SNIa data
Creators: name: Borowiec, Andrzej
name: Godlowski, Wlodzimierz
name: Szydlowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent supernovae of type Ia measurements and other astronomical observations suggest that our universe is in accelerating phase of evolution at the present epoch. While a dark energy of unknown form is usually proposed as the most feasible mechanism for the acceleration, there are appears some alternative conception that some effects arising from generalization of Einstein equation can mimic dark energy through a modified Friedmann equation. In this work we investigate some observational constraints on modified Friedmann equation obtained from generalized Lagrangian ${\cal L} \propto R^n$ in minimal coupling with matter in Palatini formalism. We mainly concentrate on the constraints of model parameters from distant supernovae but other constraint from baryon oscillation prior is also considered. We obtain the confidence levels on two additional model parameter ($n$,$Ω_{m,0}$). We conclude that the FRW model of First-Order Non-linear gravity survives several observational test like SNIa observation and baryon oscillation peaks. We find preferred value of $Ω_{m,0} \simeq 0.3$ from combined analysis of supernovae data and baryon oscillation peak. For deeper statistical analysis we apply Akaike and Bayesian information criteria of model selection for comparison prediction of the model with prediction of concordance $Λ$CDM model.
description: Accepted in PRD
Detecting prolonged activity minima in binary stars. The case of $ζ^{2}$ Ret
Creators: name: Flores, M.
name: Arancibia, M. Jaque
name: Bustos, R. V. Ibañez
name: Buccino, A. P.
name: Galarza, J. Yana
name: Nuñez, N. E.
name: Miquelarena, P.
name: Alacoria, J.
name: Saffe, C.
name: Mauas, Pablo J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. It is well known that from 1645 to 1715 solar activity was notably low and the number of sunspots was extremely reduced. This epoch is known as the Maunder Minimum (MM). The study of stars in prolonged activity minima like the MM could help to shed light on this enigmatic epoch. Aims. To explore if the star $ζ^{2}$ Ret, which belongs to a binary system, is in a state similar to the MM. We have collected more than 430 spectra acquired between 2000 and 2019 with the HARPS, REOSC, UVES, and FEROS spectrographs. Methods. We performed a detailed long-term activity study of both components using the Mount Wilson index, which is obtained from the Ca II H\&K lines. To search for signs of an activity cycle, we analyzed the resulting time-series with the Generalized Lomb-Scargle and CLEAN periodograms. Results. Our spectroscopic analysis shows a high activity level for zet01 Ret and a significant decrease in the magnetic activity cycle amplitude of $ζ^{2}$ Ret. Thus, the activity difference between both components has been slightly increased ($Δ$log (RHK) $\sim$0.24 dex), when compared to the previously reported value. The long series analyzed here allowed us to recalculate and constrain the period of $ζ^{2}$ Ret to $\sim$7.9 yr. We also detected a long-term activity cycle of $\sim$4.2 yr in $ζ^{1}$ Ret. Conclusions. By analogy with the scenario that proposes a weak solar cycle during the MM, we suggest that activity signatures showed by $ζ^{2}$ Ret, i.e., a very low activity level when compared to its stellar companion, a notably decreasing amplitude ($\sim$47%), and a cyclic behaviour, are possible evidence that this star could be in a MM state. It is, to our knowledge, the first MM candidate star detected through a highly discrepant activity behaviour in a binary system.
description: 12 pages and 3 figures
Static vacuum solutions from convergent null data expansions at space-like infinity
Creators: name: Friedrich, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study formal expansions of asymptotically flat solutions to the static vacuum field equations which are determined by minimal sets of freely specifyable data referred to as `null data'. These are given by sequences of symmetric trace free tensors at space-like infinity of increasing order. They are 1:1 related to the sequences of Geroch multipoles. Necessary and sufficient growth estimates on the null data are obtained for the formal expansions to be absolutely convergent. This provides a complete characterization of all asymptotically flat solutions to the static vacuum field equations.
description: 65 pages
Additional file 1 of Flow Index accurately identifies breaths with low or high inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation
Creators: name: Albani, Filippo
name: Fusina, Federica
name: Ciabatti, Gianni
name: Pisani, Luigi
name: Lippolis, Valeria
name: Franceschetti, Maria Elena
name: Giovannini, Alessia
name: di Mussi, Rossella
name: Murgolo, Francesco
name: Rosano, Antonio
name: Grasso, Salvatore
name: Natalini, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
Dolichogenidea lemariei
Creators: name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose
name: Sakagami, Kota
name: Shimizu, So
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dolichogenidea
Dolichogenidea lemariei

description: D. lemariei (Nixon, 1961): Propodeum mostly polished and without areola (only small rugae above nucha); T1 and T2 smooth; meso- and metafemora yellow.
description: Published as part of Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Sakagami, Kota & Shimizu, So, 2018, Dolichogenidea maetoi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, the first parasitoid wasp recorded from Hyblaea fortissima (Lepidoptera), pp. 167-175 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0014, http://zenodo.org/record/3699178
Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle pseudo-rapidity distribution
Creators: name: Wei, De-ming
name: Shao, Feng-lan
name: Song, Jun
name: Wang, Yun-fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing the three-fireball picture within the quark combination model, we study systematically the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in both Au+Au and Cu+Cu collision systems as a function of collision centrality and energy, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV, in full pseudorapidity range. We find that: (i)the contribution from leading particles to $dN_{ch}/dη$ distributions increases with the decrease of the collision centrality and energy respectively; (ii)the number of the leading particles is almost independent of the collision energy, but it does depend on the nucleon participants $N_{part}$; (iii)if Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the same collision energy are selected to have the same $N_{part}$, the resulting of charged particle $dN/dη$ distributions are nearly identical, both in the mid-rapidity particle density and the width of the distribution. This is true for both 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV data. (iv)the limiting fragmentation phenomenon is reproduced. (iiv) we predict the total multiplicity and pseudorapidity distribution for the charged particles in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5$ TeV. Finally, we give a qualitative analysis of the $N_{ch}/$ and $dN_{ch}/dη/|_{η\approx0}$ as function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and $N_{part}$ from RHIC to LHC.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Probing the Proper Motion of the Central Compact Object in Puppis-A with the Chandra High Resolution Camera
Creators: name: Hui, C. Y.
name: Becker, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making use of the sub-arcsecond angular resolution of the High Resolution Camera (HRC-I) aboard the Chandra X-ray satellite we have examined the central compact object RX J0822-4300, in the supernova remnant Puppis-A for a possible proper motion. Using data which span an epoch of 1952 days we found the position of RX J0822-4300, different by $0.574\pm0.184$ arcsec, implying a proper motion of $μ=107.49\pm34.46$ mas/yr. For a distance of 2.2 kpc, this proper motion is equivalent to a recoil velocity of $1121.79\pm 359.60$ km/s. The position angle is found to be $241^\circ \pm 24^\circ$. Since both the magnitude and direction of the proper motion are in agreement with the birth place of RX J0822-4300, being near to the optical expansion center of the supernova remnant, the result presented in this letter is a promising indication of a fast moving compact object in a supernova remnant. Although the positional shift inferred from the current data is significant at a $\sim3σ$ level only, one or more future HRC-I observations can obtain a much larger positional separation and further constrain the measurement.
description: Accepted by A&A letter on 8th August 2006
Continuous multi-step pumping of the optical clock transition in alkaline-earth atoms with minimal perturbation
Creators: name: Hotter, Christoph
name: Plankensteiner, David
name: Kazakov, Georgy
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A suitable scheme to continuously create inversion on an optical clock transition with negligible perturbation is a key missing ingredient required to build an active optical atomic clock. Re- pumping of the atoms on the narrow transition typically needs several pump lasers in a multi step process involving several auxiliary levels. In general this creates large effective level shifts and a line broadening, strongly limiting clock accuracy. Here we present an extensive theoretical study for a realistic multi-level implementation in search of parameter regimes where a sufficient inversion can be achieved with minimal perturbations. Fortunately we are able to identify a useful operating regime, where the frequency shifts remain small and controllable, only weakly perturbing the clock transition for useful pumping rates. For practical estimates of the corresponding clock performance we introduce a straightforward mapping of the multilevel pump scheme to an effective energy shift and broadening parameters for the reduced two-level laser model system. This allows to evaluate the resulting laser power and spectrum using well-known methods.
Small group elicitation on applicatives
Creators: name: Massoma, Achille
name: Sandy, Clare S.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: abb

description: 'call' applicative; 'extinguish' applicatives; 'eat' (no applicative), 'hold, catch' applicative semantics/associative form; 'hold, catch' stative, applicative; 'walk' associatives (double associative?); 'count' applicative/associative; 'wash' applicative (?); 'profit' no applicative, just causative (can have applicative semantics); 'send' applicative; 'heat' associative; 'call' associative; 'catch' associative.