cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Steering most probable escape paths by varying relative noise intensities
Creators: name: Dannenberg, Paul H.
name: Neu, John C.
name: Teitsworth, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility to systematically steer the most probable escape paths (MPEPs) by adjusting relative noise intensities in dynamical systems that exhibit noise-induced escape from a metastable point via a saddle point. Using a geometric minimum action approach, an asymptotic theory is developed which is broadly applicable to fast-slow systems and shows the important role played by the nullcline associated with the fast variable in locating the MPEPs. A two-dimensional quadratic system is presented which permits analytical determination of both the MPEPs and associated action values. Analytical predictions agree with computed MPEPs, and both are numerically confirmed by constructing prehistory distributions directly from the underlying stochastic differential equation.
Stress and Co-Parenting Relationships: Using Language Style Matching as an Indicator of Extra-Dyadic Stress and Team Problem-Solving
Creators: name: Phlegar, Sydney
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Close relationships
language style matching
co-parenting
stress
dyads

description: Language style matching (LSM), or the degree of similarity in dyads’ use of function words (e.g., prepositions, negations, or personal pronouns), has been linked with psychological and behavioral outcomes at both the individual and group levels (e.g., relationship intimacy, engagement, and team performance). The aim of this study was to examine how stress affects LSM in romantic couples and whether LSM predicts performance in a problem-solving task. Cohabiting, opposite-sex couples were randomly assigned to one of four stress conditions—both partners stressed, neither partner stressed, only male partner stressed, or only female partner stressed. Upon completion of the stress manipulation, the couples discussed their experiences, engaged in a caregiving task with an infant simulator, and expressed gratitude for each other. Conversations from 62 couples were audio-recorded, transcribed by a team of research assistants, and run through Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to calculate LSM scores. Success scores, measured as the percentage of the infant’s fusses that were adequately satisfied, were automatically generated in reports from the infant simulator and checked by a research assistant. ANOVA output indicated that LSM did not significantly differ by stress condition (F(3,58) = 0.628, p = 0.599), and a linear regression showed that LSM scores did not significantly predict caregiving success (p = 0.299). In sum, LSM did not significantly differ by stress condition, nor was it indicative of success in a caregiving task. Thus, LSM may be more closely associated with more general indicators of relationship status, such as relationship duration and time spent living together, rather than context-dependent factors.
The Neural Correlates of Comorbid Depressive Symptoms and PTSD
Creators: name: Jungbluth, Madelyn
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: PTSD
Depression
fMRI
cognitive neuroscience

description: Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often also experience depression. The way people learn and remember things, especially how to differentiate between threatening and safe contexts, may be intricately intertwined with both PTSD and depression. Previous research has utilized fear conditioning paradigms to examine how individuals with these disorders learn to associate and remember that cues can predict threat and safety in different contexts. Previous research suggests that fear-based learning and memory are associated with activation in the hippocampus and amygdala. The purpose of this study was to investigate how activation in these regions during fear memory is associated with severity of depressive symptoms in participants with PTSD. We hypothesized that greater depression symptoms in participants with PTSD would be associated with greater hippocampal and amygdala activation in the safe context and less activation in the threat context. We recruited adults with PTSD and varying levels of depressive symptoms to complete a contextual fear conditioning and memory paradigm during fMRI scanning. Results suggest that individuals with PTSD and more severe depressive symptoms exhibited lower hippocampal activation in the safe context, as well as greater hippocampal activation in the threat context. These findings suggest that higher depression scores are associated with an impaired ability to remember safety in the safe context and to remember threat in the threat context, respectively. Future research should recruit more participants with PTSD and varying levels of depressive symptoms in order to more thoroughly investigate these relationships.
Policy Brief WP1 - UNSAFE PATHWAYS: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN EU ENTRY GOVERNANCE
Creators: name: Jeandesboz, Julien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This policy brief outlines research conducted during the first year of AdMiGov on the rules, policies and operational practices that govern the access of third-country nationals (TCN) to the territory of EU and Schengen states (entry governance). It argues that legally, policy-wise and operationally, existing and upcoming EU measures regarding entry governance privilege a control and enforcement perspective. This outlook, in turn, challenges the possibility for the EU and the Member States to meet the political commitment to orderly, safe and legal pathways for migrants and refugees.
description: This is a policy brief of AdMiGov's WP1, more information https://admigov.eu
Contextualizing What It Means To Be Deaf: Foundations, Education and Activism
Creators: name: Seekamp, Jason
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deaf
Education
Movement
Deaf President Now Movement

description: What does it mean to be culturally Deaf? Most Deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States consider themselves part of a rich culture and history that was built on the back of Deaf residential schools in the nineteenth century. Throughout time, Deaf people in the United States have had their cultural threatened and have fought, and still fight, for representation. Their struggles and activism throughout time is part of what it means to be Deaf, and the context in which they struggled is part of their story.
MPEC 2023-G05 : 2023 FR13
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FR13

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The DL-Lite Family and Relations
Creators: name: Artale, Alessandro
name: Calvanese, Diego
name: Kontchakov, Roman
name: Zakharyaschev, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recently introduced series of description logics under the common moniker DL-Lite has attracted attention of the description logic and semantic web communities due to the low computational complexity of inference, on the one hand, and the ability to represent conceptual modeling formalisms, on the other. The main aim of this article is to carry out a thorough and systematic investigation of inference in extensions of the original DL-Lite logics along five axes: by (i) adding the Boolean connectives and (ii) number restrictions to concept constructs, (iii) allowing role hierarchies, (iv) allowing role disjointness, symmetry, asymmetry, reflexivity, irreflexivity and transitivity constraints, and (v) adopting or dropping the unique same assumption. We analyze the combined complexity of satisfiability for the resulting logics, as well as the data complexity of instance checking and answering positive existential queries. Our approach is based on embedding DL-Lite logics in suitable fragments of the one-variable first-order logic, which provides useful insights into their properties and, in particular, computational behavior.
Legitimacy & Political Instability: Case Studies On U.S. Military Intervention
Creators: name: Shirodkar, Edha
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: legitimacy
political stability
US military intervention

description: This thesis explores the research question: How does US military intervention impact the political stability of the host state during and after a conflict? US intervention and the implementation of policies by the US in the host state during and after the conflict both aid and hinder the rebuilding and development of the host state in the aftermath of the conflict. Actions taken by the US during the state-building process through policies regarding military presence and aid influenced the strength of the host country in building legitimacy and in creating a political stable system, such as through the implementation of treaties or aid. This research explores cases studies, the Korean War of 1950-1953 and the Iraq War of 2003-2011, in order to create a framework for analyzing US military intervention through the lens of political stability and provides a starting point for further research in this area. I begin by discussing key concepts for the thesis and outlining the analytical framework I created, then explore each case individually, before finally comparing them to draw larger conclusions about the research question. This thesis focuses on economic development, continued violence, and legitimacy as the factors for political stability. The analysis and comparison of the two cases showed that action and lack of action from the US in the aftermath of political intervention has implications for the success of the host state in rebuilding. Economic aid provided by the US aided economic development, the methods and reasons for withdrawal lended to continuing conflict in the host state, and the type of relationship between the US and the host state had an influence on the establishment of legitimacy for the host state's government.
Bound states in the continuum in PT-symmetric optical lattices
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound states in the continuum (BIC), i.e. normalizable modes with an energy embedded in the continuous spectrum of scattered states, are shown to exist in certain optical waveguide lattices with $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric defects. Two distinct types of BIC modes are found: BIC states that exist in the broken $\mathcal{PT}$ phase, corresponding to exponentially-localized modes with either exponentially damped or amplified optical power; and BIC modes with sub-exponential spatial localization that can exist in the unbroken $\mathcal{PT}$ phase as well. The two types of BIC modes at the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point behave rather differently: while in the former case spatial localization is lost and the defect coherently radiates outgoing waves with an optical power that linearly increases with the propagation distance, in the latter case localization is maintained and the optical power increase is quadratic.
description: 2 figures, to appear in Opt. Lett
Computational paradigm for dynamic logic-gates in neuronal activity
Creators: name: Goldental, Amir
name: Guberman, Shoshana
name: Vardi, Roni
name: Kanter, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In 1943 McCulloch and Pitts suggested that the brain is composed of reliable logic-gates similar to the logic at the core of today's computers. This framework had a limited impact on neuroscience, since neurons exhibit far richer dynamics. Here we propose a new experimentally corroborated paradigm in which the truth tables of the brain's logic-gates are time dependent, i.e. dynamic logicgates (DLGs). The truth tables of the DLGs depend on the history of their activity and the stimulation frequencies of their input neurons. Our experimental results are based on a procedure where conditioned stimulations were enforced on circuits of neurons embedded within a large-scale network of cortical cells in-vitro. We demonstrate that the underlying biological mechanism is the unavoidable increase of neuronal response latencies to ongoing stimulations, which imposes a nonuniform gradual stretching of network delays. The limited experimental results are confirmed and extended by simulations and theoretical arguments based on identical neurons with a fixed increase of the neuronal response latency per evoked spike. We anticipate our results to lead to better understanding of the suitability of this computational paradigm to account for the brain's functionalities and will require the development of new systematic mathematical methods beyond the methods developed for traditional Boolean algebra.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Content Modeling Using Latent Permutations
Creators: name: Chen, Harr
name: Branavan, S. R. K.
name: Barzilay, Regina
name: Karger, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel Bayesian topic model for learning discourse-level document structure. Our model leverages insights from discourse theory to constrain latent topic assignments in a way that reflects the underlying organization of document topics. We propose a global model in which both topic selection and ordering are biased to be similar across a collection of related documents. We show that this space of orderings can be effectively represented using a distribution over permutations called the Generalized Mallows Model. We apply our method to three complementary discourse-level tasks: cross-document alignment, document segmentation, and information ordering. Our experiments show that incorporating our permutation-based model in these applications yields substantial improvements in performance over previously proposed methods.
Global estimates for kernels of Neumann series and Green's functions
Creators: name: Frazier, Michael
name: Nazarov, Fedor
name: Verbitsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B37 (Primary), 60J65, 81Q15 (Secondary)

description: We obtain global pointwise estimates for kernels of the resolvents $(I-T)^{-1}$ of integral operators \[Tf(x) = \int_Ω K(x, y) f(y) d ω(y)\] on $L^2(Ω, ω)$ under the assumptions that $||T||_{L^2(ω) \rightarrow L^2 (ω)} <1$ and $d(x,y)=1/K(x,y)$ is a quasi-metric. Let $K_1=K$ and $K_j(x,y) = \int_Ω K_{j-1} (x,z) K(z,y) \, d ω(z)$ for $j \geq 1$. Then $$ K(x,y) e^{c K_2 (x,y)/K(x,y)} \leq \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} K_j(x,y) \leq K(x,y) e^{C K_2 (x,y)/K(x,y)}, $$ for some constants $c,C>0$. Our estimates yield matching bilateral bounds for Green's functions of the fractional Schrödinger operators $(-\triangle)^{α/2}-q$ with arbitrary nonnegative potentials $q$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $0
description: 22 pages
Large N lattice QCD and its extended strong-weak connection to the hypersphere
Creators: name: Christensen, Alexander S.
name: Myers, Joyce C.
name: Pedersen, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate an effective Polyakov line action of QCD at large Nc and large Nf from a combined lattice strong coupling and hopping expansion working to second order in both, where the order is defined by the number of windings in the Polyakov line. We compare with the action, truncated at the same order, of continuum QCD on S^1 x S^d at weak coupling from one loop perturbation theory, and find that a large Nc correspondence of equations of motion found in \cite{Hollowood:2012nr} at leading order, can be extended to the next order. Throughout the paper, we review the background necessary for computing higher order corrections to the lattice effective action, in order to make higher order comparisons more straightforward.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures
Non-archaeological and rejected calibrations from Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence
Creators: name: Michael, Lev
name: de Carvalho, Fernando
name: Chacon, Thiago
name: Rybka, Konrad
name: Sabogal, Andrés
name: Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia
name: Kaiping, Gereon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linguistic and ethnohistorical calibration points; rejected candidate calibrations
Black Soldier Fly-based bioconversion of biosolids creates high-value products with low heavy metal concentrations
Creators: name: Bohm, Kristin
name: Hatley, Gregory A.
name: Robinson, Brett H.
name: Gutiérrez-Ginés, Maria Jesus
Publisher: name: Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental management

description: Annually, over 30 million dry tonnes of biosolids are produced worldwide, most of which are disposed into landfills or discharged into waterbodies, exacerbating eutrophication and water-borne diseases. Bioconversion of biosolids using Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) can produce high-value biomass (protein, lipids, and chitin) while reducing the volume of waste that requires disposal. We aimed to determine the bioconversion performance of BSFL on different types of biosolids and biosolids blends and analysed the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the larvae. BSFL converted all substrates into larvae biomass of similar protein content (31–37%). However, larvae growth and substrate reduction were significantly lower for unblended biosolids compared to wheat bran. Blending of biosolids with other organic waste such as food waste or wheat bran improved larvae performance (< 40% substrate reduction after 20 days; < 149 kg larvae/ tonne dry substrate) and fat content (< 31%). Despite initial high concentrations in biosolids (< 8700 mg/ kg), heavy metals were largely partitioned into the residues instead of the mature BSFL, resulting in low bioaccumulation of those elements in BSFL (< 180 mg/ kg). These concentrations were even below limits of international guidelines for animal feed. Therefore, this study demonstrated that BSF-based bioconversion can be an innovative and sustainable waste management and resource recovery technology to rapidly reduce the volumes of biosolids while transforming it into high-value biomass of low heavy metal concentrations.
Always Sensual, But Never The Self: Beyond the Objectification of Haruki Murakami's Female Characters
Creators: name: Mallabo, Kristina
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Haruki Murakami
Japanese literature
feminism
Mieko Kawakami

description: Japanese author Haruki Murakami, known for his novels dealing with identity, existentialism, and magical realism, is also notorious for his exaggerated sexualization of his female characters. Although female characters are narratively essential parts to most of his works, many of them, regardless of age, personality, or role, are subjected to gratuitous sex scenes and objectification. This thesis examines the complexity of these female characters in relation to and beyond their sexualization, focusing on several female characters across a variety of Murakami’s works and breaking down how Murakami gives them agency, develops them as proper characters, and also how he constantly returns to sexualization despite all that. The primary subject works examined are Norwegian Wood, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, Kafka on the Shore, and Men Without Women. Using tropes and archetypes from Western literature, psychoanalysis, and Japanese literature, this thesis explores how Murakami disrupts and subverts certain expectations of women in literature, creating female characters that rival the male protagonists in intrigue, power, and personality, but it also examines the inseparability of the female body from sexual pleasure, regardless of the character. The theory of male gaze and voyeurism serves as a useful tool in determining the agency and objectification of the female characters, especially when female characters occupy more active roles and male characters occupy more passive ones. This thesis also brings Japanese author Mieko Kawakami into conversation in order to compare the construction of female characters by a male author in a male-centric narrative with those written by a female author in a female-centric narrative. In this discussion, I hope to explain what makes Murakami’s writing so intriguing yet simultaneously frustrating from a feminist perspective. Although Murakami writes female characters beyond strict trope and archetype, the persistent sexualization for the sake of pure gratification makes his writing feel like “two steps forward, one step back” in terms of the progress and potential these characters could be making.
Join-Graph Propagation Algorithms
Creators: name: Mateescu, Robert
name: Kask, Kalev
name: Gogate, Vibhav
name: Dechter, Rina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper investigates parameterized approximate message-passing schemes that are based on bounded inference and are inspired by Pearl's belief propagation algorithm (BP). We start with the bounded inference mini-clustering algorithm and then move to the iterative scheme called Iterative Join-Graph Propagation (IJGP), that combines both iteration and bounded inference. Algorithm IJGP belongs to the class of Generalized Belief Propagation algorithms, a framework that allowed connections with approximate algorithms from statistical physics and is shown empirically to surpass the performance of mini-clustering and belief propagation, as well as a number of other state-of-the-art algorithms on several classes of networks. We also provide insight into the accuracy of iterative BP and IJGP by relating these algorithms to well known classes of constraint propagation schemes.
From Personal Values to Social Norms
Creators: name: Barigozzi, Francesca
name: Montinari, Natalia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2023
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: In Experimental Economics, coordination games are used to elicit social norms as incentivized beliefs about others’ beliefs. Conversely, representative surveys like the World Values Survey elicit social norms as personal attitudes and values that are independent of others’ beliefs. Using a representative survey of the Italian population (N = 1, 501), we compare the two ways of measuring social norms with gender roles as a working example and find the following results. At the aggregated level, appropriateness ratings obtained under the two elicitation methods follow the same pattern but differ significantly in magnitude, with the incentivized social norm elicitation depicting a more conservative view on gender roles than the unincentivized one. The analysis carried out at the individual level allows us to explain the previous result. Most respondents report personal values as more progressive than the perceived norm, which may be consistent with a desirability and/or a self-image bias. This occurs irrespectively of whether respondents correctly perceive the social norm or not. We conclude that analyses based on personal values lead to a proxy of gender norms significantly more progressive than the norms elicited in coordination games.
Development and Characterization of a pH-Independent, Plasticizer-Free, Ionophore-Based Sodium Nanosensor for Use in In Vivo Photoacoustic Medical Imaging
Creators: name: Wasserman, Jacalyn
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: nanoparticle
nanosensor
sodium
tumor microenvironment
photoacoustics

description: Measuring sodium (Na+) concentration has widespread applications ranging from water quality testing to medical diagnostics. Nanosensors are uniquely well-suited to in vivo chemical imaging applications because they are minimally invasive, capable of providing 3D spatial resolution, and can be functionalized to target specific tissues or cells. However, such applications require a non-toxic nanosensor that has both high sensitivity to and selectivity for Na+ in physiological conditions. To the author’s knowledge, there are no previously reported sodium nanosensors in the literature that meet all of these criteria, primarily due to low sensitivities across physiological Na+ concentrations, reliance on pH-dependent dyes, or toxicity concerns. Herein, a plasticizer-free, ionophore-based sodium nanosensor, SD NaNP, was developed and characterized with a focus on applications in photoacoustic cancer imaging. SD NaNP is sensitive to physiologically relevant Na+ concentrations and produces a strong ratiometric response of 520 nm over 630 nm spectral absorbance. Moreover, as detailed in this paper, SD NaNP is non-toxic, is highly insensitive to pH and other analytes, is 23.42 nm in radius when filtered, and was successfully applied to in vitro photoacoustic calibrations.
La “giustizia cinematografica”: un’alternativa al processo mediatico?
Creators: name: Massaro, Antonella
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2023
Subjects: IUS/17 Diritto penale
IUS/20 Filosofia del diritto

description: [“Cinematographic Justice”: an Alternative to Trial by Media?] The concept of “cinematographic justice” refers to films, not so numerous, that tell stories about criminal proceedings that are still in progress. These are films which, at least under certain conditions, can influence public opinion and, through it, the dynamics of the proceedings. Although there are critical points, starting from the presumption of innocence, the impression is that the “elegance” of the cinema can be a partial alternative to the noisy mobilization of public opinion through the trial by media, especially in those cases where the distance between Law and Justice becomes macroscopic and intolerable.
gamma Peg: testing Vega-like magnetic fields in B stars
Creators: name: Neiner, C.
name: Monin, D.
name: Leroy, B.
name: Mathis, S.
name: Bohlender, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: gam Peg is a bright B pulsator showing both p and g modes of beta Cep and SPB types. It has also been claimed to be a magnetic star by some authors while others do not detect a magnetic field. We aimed at checking for the presence of a field, characterise it if it exists or provide a firm upper limit of its strength if it is not detected. If gam Peg is magnetic, it would make an ideal asteroseismic target to test various theoretical scenarios. If it is very weakly magnetic, it would be the first observation of an extension of Vega-like fields to early B stars. Finally, if it is not magnetic and we can provide a very low upper limit on its non-detected field, it would make an important result for stellar evolution models. We acquired high resolution, high signal-to-noise spectropolarimetric Narval data at TBL. We also gathered existing dimaPol@DAO and Musicos@TBL spectropolarimetric data. We analysed the Narval and Musicos observations using the LSD technique to derive the longitudinal magnetic field and Zeeman signatures in lines. The longitudinal field strength was also extracted from the Hbeta line observed with the DAO. With a Monte Carlo simulation we derived the maximum strength of the field possibly hosted by gam Peg. We find that no magnetic signatures are visible in the very high quality spectropolarimetric data. The average longitudinal field measured in the Narval data is Bl=-0.1+/-0.4 G. We derive a very strict upper limit of the dipolar field strength of Bpol~40 G. We conclude that gamma Peg is not magnetic: it does not host a strong stable fossil field as observed in a fraction of massive stars, nor a very weak Vega-like field. There is therefore no evidence that Vega-like fields exist in B stars contrary to the predictions by fossil field dichotomy scenarios. These scenarios should thus be revised. Our results also provide strong constraints for stellar evolution models.
description: 8 pages, accepted in A&A
Classical and Relativistic Derivation of the Sagnac Effect
Creators: name: Engelhardt, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both the classical and the relativistic composition law for velocities are applied to re-calculate the Sagnac Effect. The ensuing formulae for the fringe shift are found to differ already in first order of v/c. Whilst the classical formula is validated by interferometric measurements and verified by the GPS-system, this is not the case for the relativistic result.
description: 6 pages
BnB-ADOPT: An Asynchronous Branch-and-Bound DCOP Algorithm
Creators: name: Yeoh, William
name: Felner, Ariel
name: Koenig, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed constraint optimization (DCOP) problems are a popular way of formulating and solving agent-coordination problems. A DCOP problem is a problem where several agents coordinate their values such that the sum of the resulting constraint costs is minimal. It is often desirable to solve DCOP problems with memory-bounded and asynchronous algorithms. We introduce Branch-and-Bound ADOPT (BnB-ADOPT), a memory-bounded asynchronous DCOP search algorithm that uses the message-passing and communication framework of ADOPT (Modi, Shen, Tambe, and Yokoo, 2005), a well known memory-bounded asynchronous DCOP search algorithm, but changes the search strategy of ADOPT from best-first search to depth-first branch-and-bound search. Our experimental results show that BnB-ADOPT finds cost-minimal solutions up to one order of magnitude faster than ADOPT for a variety of large DCOP problems and is as fast as NCBB, a memory-bounded synchronous DCOP search algorithm, for most of these DCOP problems. Additionally, it is often desirable to find bounded-error solutions for DCOP problems within a reasonable amount of time since finding cost-minimal solutions is NP-hard. The existing bounded-error approximation mechanism allows users only to specify an absolute error bound on the solution cost but a relative error bound is often more intuitive. Thus, we present two new bounded-error approximation mechanisms that allow for relative error bounds and implement them on top of BnB-ADOPT.
Banks-Casher-type relations for complex Dirac spectra
Creators: name: Kanazawa, Takuya
name: Wettig, Tilo
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For theories with a sign problem there is no analog of the Banks-Casher relation. This is true in particular for QCD at nonzero quark chemical potential. However, for QCD-like theories without a sign problem the Banks-Casher relation can be extended to the case of complex Dirac eigenvalues. We derive such extensions for the zero-temperature, high-density limits of two-color QCD, QCD at nonzero isospin chemical potential, and adjoint QCD. In all three cases the density of the complex Dirac eigenvalues at the origin is proportional to the BCS gap squared.
description: 7 pages, talk presented at Lattice 2013
Supplementary Information from Cellular and environmental dynamics influence species-specific extents of organelle gene retention
Creators: name: Pascual, Belén García
name: Nordbotten, Jan M.
name: Johnston, Iain G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mathematical derivations and figures exploring the broader behaviour of the model.
Spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Hamner, C.
name: Zhang, Yongping
name: Khamehchi, M. A.
name: Davis, Matthew J.
name: Engels, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The realization of artificial gauge fields and spin-orbit coupling for ultra-cold quantum gases promises new insight into paradigm solid state systems. Here we experimentally probe the dispersion relation of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into a translating optical lattice by observing its dynamical stability, and develop an effective band structure that provides a theoretical understanding of the locations of the band edges. This system presents exciting new opportunities for engineering condensed-matter analogs using the flexible toolbox of ultra-cold quantum gases.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Tricritical behavior of soft nematic elastomers
Creators: name: Liarte, Danilo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a lattice statistical model to investigate the phase diagrams and the soft responses of nematic liquid-crystal elastomers. Using suitably scaled infinite-range interactions, we obtain exact self-consistent equations for the tensor components of the nematic order parameter in terms of temperature, the distortion and stress tensors, and the initial nematic order. These equations are amenable to simple numerical calculations, which are used to characterize the low-temperature soft regime. We find a peculiar phase diagram, in terms of temperature and the diagonal component of the distortion tensor along the stretching direction, with first- and second-order transitions to the soft phase, and the prediction of tricritical points. This behavior is not qualitatively changed if we use different values of the initial nematic order parameter.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Soft Goals Can Be Compiled Away
Creators: name: Keyder, Emil
name: Geffner, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Soft goals extend the classical model of planning with a simple model of preferences. The best plans are then not the ones with least cost but the ones with maximum utility, where the utility of a plan is the sum of the utilities of the soft goals achieved minus the plan cost. Finding plans with high utility appears to involve two linked problems: choosing a subset of soft goals to achieve and finding a low-cost plan to achieve them. New search algorithms and heuristics have been developed for planning with soft goals, and a new track has been introduced in the International Planning Competition (IPC) to test their performance. In this note, we show however that these extensions are not needed: soft goals do not increase the expressive power of the basic model of planning with action costs, as they can easily be compiled away. We apply this compilation to the problems of the net-benefit track of the most recent IPC, and show that optimal and satisficing cost-based planners do better on the compiled problems than optimal and satisficing net-benefit planners on the original problems with explicit soft goals. Furthermore, we show that penalties, or negative preferences expressing conditions to avoid, can also be compiled away using a similar idea.
ParamILS: An Automatic Algorithm Configuration Framework
Creators: name: Hutter, Frank
name: Stuetzle, Thomas
name: Leyton-Brown, Kevin
name: Hoos, Holger H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The identification of performance-optimizing parameter settings is an important part of the development and application of algorithms. We describe an automatic framework for this algorithm configuration problem. More formally, we provide methods for optimizing a target algorithm's performance on a given class of problem instances by varying a set of ordinal and/or categorical parameters. We review a family of local-search-based algorithm configuration procedures and present novel techniques for accelerating them by adaptively limiting the time spent for evaluating individual configurations. We describe the results of a comprehensive experimental evaluation of our methods, based on the configuration of prominent complete and incomplete algorithms for SAT. We also present what is, to our knowledge, the first published work on automatically configuring the CPLEX mixed integer programming solver. All the algorithms we considered had default parameter settings that were manually identified with considerable effort. Nevertheless, using our automated algorithm configuration procedures, we achieved substantial and consistent performance improvements.
Non-fillable invariant contact structures on principal circle bundles and left-handed twists
Creators: name: Chiang, River
name: Ding, Fan
name: van Koert, Otto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define symplectic fractional twists, which generalize Dehn twists, and use these in open books to investigate contact structures. The resulting contact structures are invariant under a circle action, and share several similarities with the invariant contact structures that were studied by Lutz and Giroux. We show that left-handed fractional twists often give rise to non-fillable contact manifolds. These manifolds are in fact "algebraically overtwisted", yet they do not seem to contain bLobs, nor are they directly related to negative stabilizations. We also show that the Weinstein conjecture holds for the non-fillable contact manifolds we construct, and we investigate the symplectic isotopy problem for fractional twists.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures
Topological Crystalline Insulator Nanomembrane with Strain-Tunable Band Gap
Creators: name: Qian, Xiaofeng
name: Fu, Liang
name: Li, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to fine-tune band gap and band inversion in topological materials is highly desirable for the development of novel functional devices. Here we propose that the electronic properties of a free-standing nanomembrane of topological crystalline insulator (TCI) SnTe and Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$(Se,Te) are highly tunable by engineering elastic strain and controlling membrane thickness, resulting in tunable band gap and giant piezoconductivity. Membrane thickness governs the hybridization of topological electronic states on opposite surfaces, while elastic strain can further modulate the hybridization strength by controlling the penetration length of surface states. We propose a frequency-resolved infrared photodetector using force-concentration induced inhomogeneous elastic strain in TCI nanomembrane with spatially varying width. The predicted tunable band gap accompanied by strong spin-textured electronic states will open up new avenues for fabricating piezoresistive devices, thermoelectrics, infrared detectors and energy-efficient electronic and optoelectronic devices based on TCI nanomembrane.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Torsion bar antenna in the proper reference frame with rotation
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kouji
name: Ando, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resultant response of the rotating torsion bar antenna for gravitational waves discussed in [M. Ando et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 105} (2010), 161101.] is re-investigate from a general-relativistic point of view. To do this, the equation of motion of a free falling particle in the proper reference frame of a rotating observer is used. As a result, the resultant response derived in the above paper is also valid even when $ω_{g}\simΩ$, where $ω_{g}$ and $Ω$ are the angular frequencies of gravitational waves and the rotation of the antenna, respectively.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Predicting the Performance of IDA* using Conditional Distributions
Creators: name: Zahavi, Uzi
name: Felner, Ariel
name: Burch, Neil
name: Holte, Robert C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Korf, Reid, and Edelkamp introduced a formula to predict the number of nodes IDA* will expand on a single iteration for a given consistent heuristic, and experimentally demonstrated that it could make very accurate predictions. In this paper we show that, in addition to requiring the heuristic to be consistent, their formulas predictions are accurate only at levels of the brute-force search tree where the heuristic values obey the unconditional distribution that they defined and then used in their formula. We then propose a new formula that works well without these requirements, i.e., it can make accurate predictions of IDA*s performance for inconsistent heuristics and if the heuristic values in any level do not obey the unconditional distribution. In order to achieve this we introduce the conditional distribution of heuristic values which is a generalization of their unconditional heuristic distribution. We also provide extensions of our formula that handle individual start states and the augmentation of IDA* with bidirectional pathmax (BPMX), a technique for propagating heuristic values when inconsistent heuristics are used. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our new method and all its variations.
Two Sun-like Superflare Stars Rotating as Slow as the Sun
Creators: name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Notsu, Shota
name: Shibayama, Takuya
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of high dispersion spectroscopy of two `superflare stars', KIC 9766237, and KIC 9944137 with Subaru/HDS. Superflare stars are G-type main sequence stars, but show gigantic flares compared to the Sun, which have been recently discovered in the data obtained with the Kepler spacecraft. Though most of these stars are thought to have a rotation period shorter than 10 days on the basis of photometric variabilities, the two targets of the present paper are estimated to have a rotation period of 21.8 d, and 25.3 d. Our spectroscopic results clarified that these stars have stellar parameters similar to those of the Sun in terms of the effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. The projected rotational velocities derived by us are consistent with the photometric rotation period, indicating a fairy high inclination angle. The average strength of the magnetic field on the surface of these stars are estimated to be 1-20 G, by using the absorption line of Ca II 8542. We could not detect any hint of binarity in our spectra, although more data are needed to firmly rule out the presence of an unseen low-mass companion. These results claim that the spectroscopic properties of these superflare stars are very close to those of the Sun, and support the hypothesis that the Sun might cause a superflare.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Emergent Weyl fermions and the origin of $i=\sqrt{-1}$ in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
name: Zubkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional quantum mechanics is described in terms of complex numbers. However, all physical quantities are real. This indicates, that the appearance of complex numbers in quantum mechanics may be the emergent phenomenon, i.e. complex numbers appear in the low energy description of the underlined high energy theory. We suggest a possible explanation of how this may occur. Namely, we consider the system of multi - component Majorana fermions. There is a natural description of this system in terms of real numbers only. In the vicinity of the topologically protected Fermi point this system is described by the effective low energy theory with Weyl fermions. These Weyl fermions interact with the emergent gauge field and the emergent gravitational field.
description: http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/2041/article_30764.pdf
Zeros of the weight two Eisenstein Series
Creators: name: Wood, Rachael
name: Young, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F11

description: We develop some of the finer details of the location of the zeros of the weight two Eisenstein series. These zeros are the same as the zeros of the derivative of the Ramanujan delta function.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. v2: added and corrected references
L’eredità dei giusti. Falcone, il tempo sospeso del volo di Nicola Sani e Falcone e Borsellino di Marco Tutino
Creators: name: Riberi, Mario
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2023
Subjects: IUS/19 Storia del diritto medievale e moderno
IUS/20 Filosofia del diritto

description: [The Legacy of the Good Men. Falcone, il tempo sospeso del volo by Nicola Sani and Falcone e Borsellino by Marco Tutino]. The essay examines two recent operatic works: Falcone e Borsellino. L’eredità dei giusti by Marco Tutino and Falcone, il tempo sospeso del volo by Nicola Sani. These operas represent two different examples of a “musical theatre of memory” that, bringing on stage two protagonists of Italian history, interrogate the audience about the legacy left by these two pivotal figures, who paid with their life their desire of justice.