cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Prospects on the Detection of Solar Dark Photons by the International Axion Observatory
Creators: name: O'Shea, T.
name: Giannotti, M.
name: Irastorza, I. G.
name: Plasencia, L. M.
name: Redondo, J.
name: Ruz, J.
name: Vogel, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark (hidden) photons are widely recognised as well motivated candidates for physics beyond the standard model, and have been invoked for the solution of several outstanding problems, including to account for the dark matter in the universe. In this paper, we consider a simple model for dark photons, which is coupled to ordinary matter only through kinetic mixing with ordinary photons. Within this framework, we calculate the flux of solar dark photons on Earth and revise the potential to detect it with the next generation of axion helioscopes, particularly with the International AXion Observatory (IAXO). This paper extends on previous theoretical analyses in two main ways. Firstly, it includes a more complete analysis of the possible sources of dark photons from the sun, including the contribution of the solar magnetic field and of nuclear processes, and secondly it includes predictions on the parameter space accessible in the gas-filled phase of IAXO.
description: v2: minor changes. Included a range for the solar magnetic field strength. Matches the published version
Continuous Integration for Concurrent Computational Framework and Application Development
Creators: name: Gaston, Derek R.
name: Peterson, John
name: Permann, Cody J.
name: Andrs, David
name: Slaughter, Andrew E.
name: Miller, Jason M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: MOOSE submission for WSSSPE13.
Bulk-boundary correspondence in topological systems with the momentum dependent energy shift
Creators: name: Wang, Huan-Yu
name: Yang, Zhen-Biao
name: Liu, Wu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk-boundary correspondences (BBCs) remain the central topic in modern condensed matter physics, and are gaining increasing interests with the recent discovery of non-Hermitian skin effects. However, there still exist profound features of BBCs that are beyond the existing framework. Here, we report the unexpected behavior of BBC when the Hamiltonian contains term of the form $d_0(k) I$, which serves as a momentum dependent energy shift. For Hermitian cases, momentum dependent energy shift can force the system to be semimetal, where topological phase transitions can take place with the upper and the lower bands keeping untouched. The proper modified BBC should be reconstructed from the perspective of the direct band gap. In non-Hermitian cases, skin effects are found to be capable of coexisting with the preserved BBC, of which the process can be greatly facilitated by the complex $d_0(k)I$. Remarkably, such results can be led a further step and contrary to the intuitive consideration, the modified BBC in Hermitian systems can be restored to be conventional by including extra non-Hermiticity. The physical origin for these phenomena lies in that $d_0(k)I$ can drastically change the point gap topology. Finally, the corresponding experimental simulations are proposed via the platforms of electric circuits.
Cell-free protein synthesis system as a prototyping platform for mammalian synthetic biology
Creators: name: Kopniczky, Margarita B.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: As the field of Synthetic Biology is expanding, there is an increasing need for methods to develop new modes of synthetic gene regulation. A demand for measurement methodologies which provide results that can be interpreted outside a specific context and used to design larger composite devices in diverse cell types is especially urgent. The motivation of my PhD research was to establish new prototyping tools to measure gene regulation, specifically for mammalian applications. Two different experimental approaches were explored. At first, a tissue culture based method was adapted to measure gene expression regulation. However, it was found that this method would not scale to testing many variants, and alternatives needed to be sought. The results from characterising an RNA binding protein which can repress translation (L7Ae) in cells were used as a reference point to compare later obtained results using the second cell-free measurement approach. The hypothesis of this thesis comprises of establishing a new cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) method as a prototyping tool for mammalian gene expression. The sections involve an initial proof-of-concept phase, the development of a semi-automated workflow, discovery of novel findings using the method, and preliminary work with the aim of establishing a mathematical modelling framework. The hypothesis that CFPS is an appropriate model for gene expression in mammalian cells is proven across the biochemical analysis of transcription and translation steps. The potential of CFPS was demonstrated through prototyping diverse modes of gene regulation, including transcription and translation regulation. Specifically, T7 constitutive promoter variants, IRES constitutive translation-initiation sequence variants, CRISPR/dCas9-mediated transcription repression, and L7Ae-mediated translation repression were characterised. Liquid handling technology was used to automate reaction assembly and software tools were developed to aid the experimental process throughout design, implementation and data analysis. A graphical user interface was designed to enable wide use of the method. The robustness of the method was established through comparison of repeated experiments. In the last section, the feasibility to measure RNA production in real time in CFPS was established. A mathematical model of bacterial CFPS was adapted to the mammalian context, and preliminary parameter inference was carried out, based on experimental data. Overall, the results contribute to the understanding of the biochemistry of L7Ae, CRISPR/Cas9 and transcription in mammalian systems. The established automated methods will impact mammalian synthetic biology by enabling further work at a faster scale than would be possible using traditional experimental approaches.
Drug release from a quantum rattle
Creators: name: Diez Fernandez, Amanda
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The motivation of this thesis was to understand the processes affecting the release rate of a chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, from a mesoporous silica nanoparticle, reported in \cite{Hembury2015} and termed a \textit{Quantum Rattle}. A simple model was developed to produce release profiles that could be compared to the experimental data available. The model describes transport using a classical diffusion equation coupled with one (or several) adsorption/desorption reaction equations. A good fit was achieved for both the bare silica nanoparticle and the Quantum Rattle (which also contains gold) using two adsorption equations to account for the very slow release rate of the last 10$\%$ to 15$\%$ of the drug. Within the present model, the rate limiting process was the desorption of the drug from the gold nanoparticles in the inner cavity. Further work is required to understand the processes related to the presence of the gold and complement the study presented in this thesis that explores the role of the silica shell. \newline In order to corroborate whether the simple description of the model was valid to describe diffusion within the porous silica, I carried out a detailed molecular dynamics study with classical force fields. The molecule within a slab of water was confined between two amorphous silica surfaces separated by a distance of 2.5nm, similar to a typical pore diameter of the nanoparticle. The transport of the molecule through the silica channel was subdiffusive at all timescales studied: at short timescales the subdiffusive dynamics originates from the negative correlations induced by the silica surface (described by a superposition of Fractional Brownian processes) while at large timescales the dynamics is dominated by the prolonged time intervals during which the molecule has reduced mobility due to its proximity to the surface (described by the Continuous Time Random Walk Model).
title: Reformasi and rebellion
title: Jakarta's security and autonomy policies in Aceh, May 1998-May 2003
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Miller, Michelle Ann
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2006

description: This dissertation examines the Indonesian state’s capacity to respond to separatist challenges from Aceh in the period from May 1998 to May 2003. It is a political study of centre-periphery relations seen from the perspective of the centre. With its theoretical focus on the capacity of democratising regimes to deal with their national identity problems/ territorial disputes, this study of Indonesia’s efforts to contain the Aceh conflict through its security and autonomy policy approaches will contribute to the comparative study of post authoritarian regimes contending with internal conflicts. The central thesis is that although Indonesian state capacity was reduced by the change of regime in 1998 and the consequences of the 1997 national economic crisis, Jakarta did have a window of opportunity through which to democratically accommodate the Acehnese people after the initiation of democratisation. This opportunity to implement democratic reforms only existed in Aceh for a limited period after regime change. The more time that elapsed after Suharto’s resignation, the more GAM gained political influence and the more the TNI gradually reasserted itself as the defender of national unity under successive weak civilian governments, with the result that depredations against the civilian population increased and the state’s capacity to effectively govern further declined. In treating the methodological approaches of structure and agency as symbiotic and inter-related, the study views Indonesian state capacity both in terms of the political will and interests of those who shaped Aceh policy choices and their material conditions and institutional networks. That is, the structural and functional constraints imposed by the New Order’s authoritarian legacy and the national economic collapse, as well as the general lack of political will in Jakarta to pursue a negotiated settlement in the five years after the initiation of democratisation are seen as the primary reasons for the escalation of conflict in Aceh in the post-Suharto era. In this, a reoccurring theme in the thesis is that despite the adverse material preconditions facing Indonesia’s political leadership at the point of regime change, with enough political will and determination, a peaceful settlement to the Aceh conflict was not only possible, but achievable, as the successful post tsunami peace process with GAM under Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s presidency would later show.
Direct evidence from high-field magnetotransport for a dramatic change of quasiparticle character in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$
Creators: name: Vaidya, Shroya
name: Coak, Matthew J.
name: Mayoh, Daniel A.
name: Lees, Martin R.
name: Balakrishnan, Geetha
name: Singleton, John
name: Goddard, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetometry and magnetoresistance (MR) data taken on the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$ (FGT) reveal three distinct contributions to the MR: a linear negative component, a contribution from closed Fermi-surface orbits, and a $H^2$ enhancement linked to a non-coplanar spin arrangement. Contrary to earlier studies on FGT, by accounting for the field dependence of the anomalous Hall effect, we find that the ordinary Hall coefficient decreases markedly below 80 K, indicating a significant change in character of the electrons and holes on the Fermi surface at this temperature. The resulting altered ground state eventually causes the Hall coefficient to reverse sign at 35 K. Our Hall data support the proposal that Kondo-lattice behavior develops in this $d$-electron material below 80 K. Additional evidence comes from the negative linear component of the MR, which arises from electron-magnon scattering with an atypical temperature dependence attributable to the onset of Kondo screening.
The Big Effects of Short-term Efforts: A Catalyst for Community Engagement in Scientific Software
Creators: name: Trainer, Erik
name: Chalalai Chaihirunkarn
name: Herbsleb, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Scientific progress relies crucially on software, yet in practice there are significant challenges to scientific software production and maintenance. We conducted a case study of a bioinformatics software library called Biopython to investigate the promise of Google Summer of Code (GSoC), a program that pays students to work on open-source projects for the summer, for addressing these challenges. We find that GSoC creates communication networks that engage students with mentors and the community at large. GSoC students learn how to contribute to the Biopython codebase and about software engineering principles more generally. We also find that GSoC benefits the Biopython community by bringing in new members, sometimes resulting in the addition of stable features into Biopython.
CBS News Poll: Airline Travel/Auto Racing/Vacation
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Commercial airlines (1); safety record of commercial airline travel (1); frequent air traveler (1); Richard Nixon was one of America's greatest presidents (1); interested in professional auto racing (2); world war (1); best month for taking a summer vacation (1); best actors for James Bond (1); religious affiliation (1); personal finances (1); political party preference (1).
Spin correlations in the bilayer Hubbard model with perpendicular electric field
Creators: name: Yan, Jiawei
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a nonequilibrium steady-state implementation of the two-particle self-consistent method. This approach respects the Mermin-Wagner theorem and incorporates non-local spatial fluctuations through self-consistent static vertices. The real-frequency implementation allows to compute spectral properties without analytical continuation in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium. As an interesting application, we investigate spin correlations in the bilayer square lattice Hubbard model under a perpendicular static electric field. In equilibrium, the result yields spin correlations which are in good agreement with recent optical lattice experiments. Under a large enough static electric field, the inter-layer spin correlations switch from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. We clarify how this phenomenon is linked to the nonequilibrium modifications of the spin excitation spectrum.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Envelope-function theory of inhomogeneous strain in semiconductor nanostructures
Creators: name: Secchi, Andrea
name: Troiani, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain represents an ubiquitous feature in semiconductor heterostructures, and can be engineered by different means in order to improve the properties of various devices, including advanced MOSFETs and spin-based qubits. However, its treatment within the envelope function framework is well established only for the homogeneous case, thanks to the theory of Bir and Pikus. Here, we generalize such theory to the case of inhomogeneous strain. By fully accounting for the relativistic effects and metric aspects of the problem, we derive a complete envelope-function Hamiltonian, including the terms that depend on first and second spatial derivatives of the strain tensor.
description: 4.75 pages + Appendices and Supplementary Material (all references at the end); 4 figures. Revised version
A grassroots approach to software sustainability
Creators: name: Cranston, Karen
name: Vision, Todd
name: O'Meara, Brian
name: Lapp, Hilmar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A position paper from the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to the Workshop on Sustainable Software in Science: Practice and Experience
What Comes First, the OWL or the Bean?
Creators: name: Stephan, Eric
name: Eric G Stephan, Todd O Elsethagen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Applied Computer Science

description: The objective of this paper is to help scientific application developers who want to adopt the continuous stream of new community vocabularies to help make their data sharable, self-describable, and easily understood. To achieve this we suggest semantic vocabulary and application integration best practices and discuss the tradeoffs of encoding vocabularies through code versus deriving code from vocabularies.
Training toward significance with the decorrelated event classifier transformer neural network
Creators: name: Kim, Jaebak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Experimental particle physics uses machine learning for many tasks, where one application is to classify signal and background events. This classification can be used to bin an analysis region to enhance the expected significance for a mass resonance search. In natural language processing, one of the leading neural network architectures is the transformer. In this work, an event classifier transformer is proposed to bin an analysis region, in which the network is trained with special techniques. The techniques developed here can enhance the significance and reduce the correlation between the network's output and the reconstructed mass. It is found that this trained network can perform better than boosted decision trees and feed-forward networks.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Volcanic Hot-Spot Detection Using SENTINEL-2: A Comparison with MODIS−MIROVA Thermal Data Series
Creators: name: Massimetti, Francesco
name: Coppola, Diego
name: Laiolo, Marco
name: Valade, Sébastien
name: Cigolini, Corrado
name: Ripepe, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: SENTINEL-2
subject: volcanic hot-spot detection
subject: thermal anomalies
subject: high-spatial resolution
subject: volcanic activity
subject: MODIS
subject: MIROVA

description: In the satellite thermal remote sensing, the new generation of sensors with high-spatial resolution SWIR data open the door to an improved constraining of thermal phenomena related to volcanic processes, with strong implications for monitoring applications. In this paper, we describe a new hot-spot detection algorithm developed for SENTINEL-2/MSI data that combines spectral indices on the SWIR bands 8a-11-12 (with a 20-meter resolution) with a spatial and statistical analysis on clusters of alerted pixels. The algorithm is able to detect hot-spot-contaminated pixels (S2Pix) in a wide range of environments and for several types of volcanic activities, showing high accuracy performances of about 1% and 94% in averaged omission and commission rates, respectively, underlining a strong reliability on a global scale. The S2-derived thermal trends, retrieved at eight key-case volcanoes, are then compared with the Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and processed by the MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) system during an almost four-year-long period, January 2016 to October 2019. The presented data indicate an overall excellent correlation between the two thermal signals, enhancing the higher sensitivity of SENTINEL-2 to detect subtle, low-temperature thermal signals. Moreover, for each case we explore the specific relationship between S2Pix and VRP showing how different volcanic processes (i.e., lava flows, domes, lakes and open-vent activity) produce a distinct pattern in terms of size and intensity of the thermal anomaly. These promising results indicate how the algorithm here presented could be applicable for volcanic monitoring purposes and integrated into operational systems. Moreover, the combination of high-resolution (S2/MSI) and moderate-resolution (MODIS) thermal timeseries constitutes a breakthrough for future multi-sensor hot-spot detection systems, with increased monitoring capabilities that are useful for communities which interact with active volcanoes.
SNeurodCNN: Structure-focused Neurodegeneration Convolutional Neural Network for Modelling and Classification of Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Odimayo, Simisola
name: Olisah, Chollette C.
name: Mohammed, Khadija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the predominant form of dementia, is a growing global challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for accurate and early diagnosis. Current clinical diagnoses rely on radiologist expert interpretation, which is prone to human error. Deep learning has thus far shown promise for early AD diagnosis. However, existing methods often overlook focal structural atrophy critical for enhanced understanding of the cerebral cortex neurodegeneration. This paper proposes a deep learning framework that includes a novel structure-focused neurodegeneration CNN architecture named SNeurodCNN and an image brightness enhancement preprocessor using gamma correction. The SNeurodCNN architecture takes as input the focal structural atrophy features resulting from segmentation of brain structures captured through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a result, the architecture considers only necessary CNN components, which comprises of two downsampling convolutional blocks and two fully connected layers, for achieving the desired classification task, and utilises regularisation techniques to regularise learnable parameters. Leveraging mid-sagittal and para-sagittal brain image viewpoints from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, our framework demonstrated exceptional performance. The para-sagittal viewpoint achieved 97.8% accuracy, 97.0% specificity, and 98.5% sensitivity, while the mid-sagittal viewpoint offered deeper insights with 98.1% accuracy, 97.2% specificity, and 99.0% sensitivity. Model analysis revealed the ability of SNeurodCNN to capture the structural dynamics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, temporal, and parietal lobe, suggesting its potential as a brain structural change digi-biomarker for early AD diagnosis. This work can be reproduced using code we made available on GitHub.
description: 36 Pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Brain-Switches for Asynchronous Brain−Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Han, Chang-Hee
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Hwang, Han-Jeong
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 005 Computerprogrammierung, Programme, Daten
subject: brain-switch
subject: brain–computer interface
subject: electroencephalography
subject: near-infrared spectroscopy

description: A brain–computer interface (BCI) has been extensively studied to develop a novel communication system for disabled people using their brain activities. An asynchronous BCI system is more realistic and practical than a synchronous BCI system, in that, BCI commands can be generated whenever the user wants. However, the relatively low performance of an asynchronous BCI system is problematic because redundant BCI commands are required to correct false-positive operations. To significantly reduce the number of false-positive operations of an asynchronous BCI system, a two-step approach has been proposed using a brain-switch that first determines whether the user wants to use an asynchronous BCI system before the operation of the asynchronous BCI system. This study presents a systematic review of the state-of-the-art brain-switch techniques and future research directions. To this end, we reviewed brain-switch research articles published from 2000 to 2019 in terms of their (a) neuroimaging modality, (b) paradigm, (c) operation algorithm, and (d) performance.
title: "That heart sickness"
title: exploring Aboriginal young people's experiences of rheumatic fever care from childhood to adulthood
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Mitchell, Alison Gray
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2017

description: The burden of rheumatic fever is almost entirely borne by young Aboriginal people in northern and remote locations in Australia while it has been nearly eradicated in other parts of the nation. Epidemiological studies are vital for highlighting disease patterns and for advocating for action. Equally important is to understand how the disease and health care dynamics are perceived by those affected by the condition in order to gain a more complete picture and to inform nuanced care, prevention and advocacy strategies. These include strategies for administering the regular painful penicillin injections that young people endure for at least one decade once they have acquired rheumatic fever, to protect their hearts. An ethnographic study was undertaken to explore the perceptions, knowledge and understandings that young Aboriginal people and their families have of rheumatic fever and resultant rheumatic heart disease, as well as the health care they receive, including the longterm injection regimen. The ethnography was undertaken in four remote sites in the Northern Territory between 2013 and 2016 as part of a larger community-randomised trial. No families understood these physiologically complex diseases or knew why the injections were needed, apart from to “keep their heart strong”. In addressing these diseases, it is paramount that the indelible sociocultural characteristics of the affected population, such as language and world view, are recognised and valued and that health care design takes account of these characteristics rather than simply practising biomedicine. Recognising the deep historical and political stories of the affected populations is vital for understanding the determinants driving rheumatic fever. The complexity of risk factors means that collaboration with other disciplines outside of biomedicine is required to work towards real change. But, crucially, improvements must be undertaken in proper partnership with local Aboriginal people.
Mono-Higgs and Mono-$Z$ Production in the Minimal Vector Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Benítez-Irarrázabal, Gonzalo
name: Zerwekh, Alfonso R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Minimal Vector Dark Matter is a viable realization of the minimal dark matter paradigm. It extends the Standard Model by the inclusion of a vector matter field in the adjoint representation of $SU (2)_L$. The dark matter candidate corresponds to the neutral component of the new vector field ($V^0$). Previous studies have shown that the model can explain the observed dark matter abundance while evading direct and indirect searches. At colliders, the attention has been put on the production of the charged companions of the dark matter candidate. In this work, we focus on the mono-Higgs and mono-$Z$ signals at hadron colliders. The new charged vectors ($V^{\pm}$) are invisible unless a dedicated search is performed. Consequently, we assume that the mono-Higgs and mono-$Z$ processes correspond the $pp\rightarrow h V^{+,0} V^{-,0}$ and $pp\rightarrow Z V^{+,0} V^{-,0}$ reactions, respectively. We show that, while the $p p \rightarrow h V^{+,0} V^{-,0}$ is more important, both channels may produce significant signals at the HL-LHC and colliders running at $\sqrt{s} = 27$ TeV and $100$ TeV, probing almost the complete parameter space.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Precise characterization of a silicon carbide waveguide fiber interface
Creators: name: Krumrein, Marcel
name: Nold, Raphael
name: Davidson-Marquis, Flavie
name: Bourama, Arthur
name: Niechziol, Lukas
name: Steidl, Timo
name: Peng, Ruoming
name: Körber, Jonathan
name: Stöhr, Rainer
name: Gross, Nils
name: Smet, Jurgen
name: Ul-Hassan, Jawad
name: Udvarhelyi, Péter
name: Gali, Adam
name: Kaiser, Florian
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emitters in high refractive index materials like 4H-SiC suffer from reduced detection of photons because of losses caused by total internal reflection. Thus, integration into efficient nanophotonic structures which couple the emission of photons to a well defined waveguide mode can significantly enhance the photon detection efficiency. In addition, interfacing this waveguide to a classical fiber network is of similar importance to detect the photons and perform experiments. Here, we show a waveguide fiber interface in SiC. By careful measurements we determine efficiencies exceeding 93 % for the transfer of photons from SiC nanobeams to fibers. We use this interface to create a bright single photon source based on waveguide integrated V2 defects in 4H-SiC and achieve an overall photon count rate of 181 kilo-counts per second. We observe and quantify the strain induced shift of the ground state spin states and demonstrate coherent control of the electron spin with a coherence time of T2=42.5 $\rmμ$s.
Understanding the role of obesity and complex metabolic dysregulation in the development of endometrial cancer
Creators: name: Raglan, Olivia Eva
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: A rapidly increasing major public health problem is the continuum of obesity, metabolic disorders and development of cancer. Obesity is associated with an up to 5-fold increase in endometrial cancer. I hypothesised that complex metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance and increased local inflammation may contribute to the multi-factorial aetiology of endometrial cancer. This thesis examined the strength and validity of evidence for associations between risk factors and endometrial cancer with an umbrella review of the literature. Key components of the insulin signalling (IGF-R/mTOR/Akt) pathway in benign and endometrial cancer tissues were investigated, assessing whether protein expression correlated with obesity and insulin resistance status. Phospholipid expression according to metabolic status was investigated using mass spectrometry imaging, and vaginal microbiota composition and local cytokine expression is described in obese women, with assessment of temporal changes after partial correction of metabolic dysregulation by bariatric surgery. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were risk factors strongly associated with increased endometrial cancer risk. Proteomic analysis found upregulation of proteins involved in insulin and oncogenic signalling pathways in obese and insulin resistant women with normal endometrial tissue, suggesting an ‘at-risk’ metabolic profile for endometrial carcinogenesis. Lipidomic analysis of endometrial tissue found increased expression of distinct phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine lipid species among cancer tissues, and benign endometrium had higher relative abundance of phosphatidylglycerol species. These findings have added to our understanding of upregulated lipid-associated metabolic pathways in endometrial cancer. Characterisation of the vaginal microbiota in obesity found increased bacterial species diversity, which transitioned towards dominance of reproductive health-promoting low-diversity bacteria after surgically-induced weight loss. The multi-factorial aetiology of endometrial cancer is complex and the signalling pathways that are activated leading to endometrial cancer development need further investigation. Understanding the impact on these pathways by metabolic changes brought about by obesity and insulin resistance may lead to identifying biomarkers with preventative and treatment potential.
Mass, charge, and distance to Reissner-Nordström black hole in terms of directly measurable quantities
Creators: name: Morales-Herrera, Gerardo
name: Ortega-Ruiz, Pablo
name: Momennia, Mehrab
name: Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we employ a general relativistic formalism and develop new theoretical tools that allow us to analytically express the mass and electric charge of the Reissner-Nordström black hole as well as its distance to a distant observer in terms of few directly observable quantities, such as the total frequency shift, aperture angle of the telescope, and redshift rapidity. Our analytic and concise formulas are valid on the midline, and the redshift rapidity is a relativistic invariant observable that represents the evolution of the frequency shift with respect to the proper time in the Reissner-Nordström spacetime. This procedure is applicable for particles undergoing circular motion around a spherically symmetric and electrically charged black hole, which is the case for accretion disks orbiting supermassive black holes hosted at the core of active galactic nuclei. Although this type of black hole is expected to be electrically neutral, our results provide a novel method to measure the electric charge of the Reissner-Nordström black hole, hence can shed some light on this claim. Besides, these results allow us to measure the mass of the black hole and its distance from the Earth, and we can employ the general formulas in black hole parameter estimation studies.
description: 10 pages with 3 captioned figures. Comments are welcome; V2: Published version
Developing Scientific Software through the Open Community Engagement Process
Creators: name: Christopherson, Laura
name: Idaszak, Ray
name: Ahalt, Stan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Today's research relies on trustworthy software. Many scientists develop their own software; however, the quality of academia-developed software tends to be lower than commercially-developed software because, in academia, there are barriers to using proven software engineering methods. To help overcome these barriers, the Water Science Software Institute (WSSI) has developed a model--the Open Community Engagement Process (OCEP)--which brings software engineers and scientists together to traverse a four-step, iterative process that incorporates Agile development principles and open source mechanics. As a part of OCEP, WSSI has engaged a water science community who uses a scientist-developed, computational modeling framework originally developed in the early 1990s. Efforts to improve this software have included two hackathons. This paper compares these hackathons to determine factors that influnenced hackathon outcomes. Thorough planning with sufficient lead time before a hackathon, clarification of expectations, sufficient time for discussion of objectives and clarification of domain vocabulary, and co-location of participants were identified as key factors contributing to hackathon success.
Testing gravity with Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
Creators: name: Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro
name: Sopuerta, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals consist of binary systems of compact objects, with orders of magnitude differences in their masses, in the regime where the dynamics are driven by gravitational wave emission. The unique nature of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals facilitates the exploration of diverse and stimulating tests related to various aspects of black holes and General Relativity. These tests encompass investigations into the spacetime geometry, the dissipation of the binary system energy and angular momentum, and the impact of the intrinsic non-linear effects of the gravitational interaction. This review accounts for the manifold opportunities for testing General Relativity, ranging from examinations of black hole properties to cosmological and multimessenger tests.
description: V2. Updated to match published version. V1: 67+19 pages, 2 figures. Review Chapter for the book "Recent Progress on Gravity Tests" (Eds. C. Bambi and A. C\'ardenas-Avenda\~no, Springer Singapore)
Why Studying E-Resources Usage Statistics is Essential in Academic Libraries? From a Librarian's Viewpoint (Editorial)
Creators: name: Panda, Subhajit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461006
subject: Library studies
classificationCode: 461099
subject: Library and information studies not elsewhere classified

description: In today’s digital age, academic libraries are increasingly investing in electronic resources (e-resources) such as databases, e-journals, e-books, and other digital content. These resources offer unparalleled access to information and scholarly materials, supporting the educational and research needs of students, faculty, and researchers. However, the effective management and utilization of these resources require careful monitoring and analysis. From a librarian's viewpoint, studying e-resources usage statistics is crucial for several reasons, including optimizing resource allocation, enhancing user experience, and demonstrating the value of library services.E-resources usage statistics refer to data on how electronic resources are accessed and utilized by library users, including metrics such as downloads, views, searches, and sessions, along with user demographics and access patterns. Studying these statistics is essential for optimizing resource allocation, justifying investments, and aligning with user needs. By analyzing usage data, librarians can identify high-performing resources, maximize cost-effectiveness, and reevaluate underutilized subscriptions, thus informing collection development and addressing gaps. This data-driven approach enhances user experience by enabling tailored services, improving accessibility, and identifying barriers. Additionally, e-resources usage statistics demonstrate a library's value in supporting teaching, learning, and research, aiding in resource management, promoting digital literacy, fostering collaboration, and driving technological advancements.
title: Mehrbedarfe und Leistungen nach §§ 4 I Nr. 2 SGB II und 29 SGB II in Form von Regionalwährungen und Gutscheinen
Creators: name: Schmallowsky, Thomas
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mehrbedarf, regionalgeld, Gutschein,
subject: 340

description: Zur Deckung von Mehrbedarfen sieht der Gesetzgeber unter anderem Geldleistungen und Zuwendungen in Form von Gutscheinen vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob anstelle dieser Leistungen auch Leistungen in Regionalgeld beziehungsweise Kommunalgeld möglich erscheinen. Es wird dabei abgegrenzt zwischen Steuerrecht, strafrechtlicher Sanktionierung und Sozialversicherungsrecht, wobei von der Notwendigkeit von Mehrbedarfen ausgegangen wird .
Non-Hermitian generalizations of the Yao-Lee model augmented by SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms
Creators: name: Mandal, Ipsita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-Hermitian versions of the Yao-Lee model, supplemented by various kinds of SO(3)-symmetry-breaking terms, preserving the solvability of the model. The parent model hosts three species of Majorana fermions, thereby serving as an extension of the two-dimensional Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice. The non-Hermitian couplings represent generic situations when the system is coupled to the environment and, thus, undergoes dissipation. The resulting eigenvalue spectrum and the eigenmodes show a rich structure of exceptional points as well as non-Hermitian skin effects. We chart out such exotic behaviour for some representative parameter regimes.
description: journal version
Nature of the unconventional heavy fermion Kondo state in monolayer CeSiI
Creators: name: Fumega, Adolfo O.
name: Lado, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CeSiI has been recently isolated in the ultrathin limit, establishing CeSiI as the first intrinsic two-dimensional van der Waals heavy-fermion material up to 85 K. We show that, due to the strong Ce spin-orbit coupling, the local moments develop a multipolar real-space magnetic texture, leading to local pseudospins with a nearly vanishing net moment. To elucidate its Kondo-screened regime, we extract from first principles the parameters of the Kondo lattice model describing this material. We develop a fractional pseudofermion methodology in combination with ab initio calculations to reveal the nature of the Kondo-screened heavy fermion state in CeSiI. Using this formalism, we analyze the competing magnetic interactions leading to a heavy-fermion order as a function of the magnetic exchange between the localized f-electrons and the strength of the Kondo coupling. Our results show that the magnetic exchange interactions promote an unconventional momentum-dependent heavy-fermion Kondo screened phase, establishing the nature of the heavy-fermion behavior of ultrathin CeSiI observed experimentally.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Pâturage ovin en vergers : Écorçage des arbres fruitiers. Fiche Technique ECORCE n°2
Creators: name: Guittonneau, Marie
name: Rivoire, Clémence
name: Trouillard, Martin
Publisher: name: FiBL France
Year: 2023
Subjects: agroforestry
orchard
debarking
organic agriculture
fruit growing
sheep breeding
sheep

description: La consommation de l'écorce des arbres par les ovins peut interrompre le trajet de la sève, et impacter négativement la santé et la croissance des vergers. Cet écorçage peut se produire de manière soudaine, massive et inexpliquée après plusieurs semaines de pâturage sans incident. Cette fiche présente les résultats d'expérimentations et d'enquêtes auprès de producteur.rices menées dans le cadre du projet ECORCE pour mieux comprendre l'origine de l'écorçage, et tenter d'identifier des mesures de protection efficaces.
An advance in the arithmetic of the Lie groups as an alternative to the forms of the Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff-Dynkin theorem
Creators: name: Kim, Sunghyun
name: Liu, Zhichen
name: Klemm, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exponential of an operator or matrix is widely used in quantum theory, but it sometimes can be a challenge to evaluate. For non-commutative operators ${\bf X}$ and ${\bf Y}$, according to the Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff-Dynkin theorem, ${\rm e}^{{\bf X}+{\bf Y}}$ is not equivalent to ${\rm e}^{\bf X}{\rm e}^{\bf Y}$, but is instead given by the well-known infinite series formula. For a Lie algebra of a basis of three operators $\{{\bf X,Y,Z}\}$, such that $[{\bf X}, {\bf Y}] = κ{\bf Z}$ for scalar $κ$ and cyclic permutations, here it is proven that ${\rm e}^{a{\bf X}+b{\bf Y}}$ is equivalent to ${\rm e}^{p{\bf Z}}{\rm e}^{q{\bf X}}{\rm e}^{-p{\bf Z}}$ for scalar $p$ and $q$. Extensions for ${\rm e}^{a{\bf X}+b{\bf Y}+c{\bf Z}}$ are also provided. This method is useful for the dynamics of atomic and molecular nuclear and electronic spins in constant and oscillatory transverse magnetic and electric fields.
description: 6 pages,0 figures
Entropy production rate and correlations of cavity magnomechanical system
Creators: name: Edet, Collins O.
name: Asjad, Muhammad
name: Dutykh, Denys
name: Ali, Norshamsuri
name: Abah, Obinna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the irreversibility generated by a stationary cavity magnomechanical system composed of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere with a diameter of a few hundred micrometers inside a microwave cavity. In this system, the magnons, i.e., collective spin excitations in the sphere, are coupled to the cavity photon mode via magnetic dipole interaction and to the phonon mode via magnetostrictive force (optomechanical-like). We employ the quantum phase space formulation of the entropy change to evaluate the steady-state entropy production rate and associated quantum correlation in the system. We find that the behavior of the entropy flow between the cavity photon mode and the phonon mode is determined by the magnon-photon coupling and the cavity photon dissipation rate. Interestingly, the entropy production rate can increase/decrease depending on the strength of the magnon-photon coupling and the detuning parameters. We further show that the amount of correlations between the magnon and phonon modes is linked to the irreversibility generated in the system for small magnon-photon coupling. Our results demonstrate the possibility of exploring irreversibility in driven magnon-based hybrid quantum systems and open a promising route for quantum thermal applications.
description: 4 figures and 7 pages