cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Transformation and Food and Nutrition Security: Does Farm Production Diversity (Still) Matter for Dietary Diversity among Ghanaian Farm Households?
Creators: name: Ecker, O.
name: Ecker, O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Africa has experienced rapid economic growth based on structural change in recent years. The growth acceleration in some countries, such as Ghana, was accompanied by substantial poverty reduction. Transformation of agriculture appears to have played a key role in this context. However, the implications of agricultural transformation for rural food and nutrition security in Africa are not well understood. This paper studies the case of Ghana a country that may have outlined an Africa-typical path of growth-enhancing structural change. The analysis first describes patterns of agricultural transformation at the farm household level and then estimates the (causal) effects of farm production diversity and household income on household dietary diversity, using data from 2005-06 and 2012-13. The estimation results suggest that farm production diversity does still matter for dietary diversity across rural Ghana. However, the dietary diversity effect of farm production diversity greatly decreases with advancing agricultural transformation especially in the South, while the dietary diversity effect of household income remains fairly constant and is large. This implies that policies and programs promoting farm production diversification are likely to be increasingly less effective in improving food and nutrition security among farm households, particularly compared to those stimulating rural income growth. Acknowledgement : I am very thankful to several of my (former) colleagues at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). I thank Jean-Fran ois Trinh Tan for his assistance in conducting the research for this paper and to Xinshen Diao for commenting on draft versions. I thank Carlo Azzarri and M lanie Bacou of the HarvestChoice program for providing spatial agroecological data. I highly appreciate the support of the Ghana Strategy Support Program. This work was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (grant number: EEM-G-00-04-00013).
The Lawson number of a semitopological semilattice
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Bardyla, Serhii
name: Gutik, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06B30, 54D10

description: For a Hausdorff topologized semilattice $X$ its $Lawson\;\; number$ $\barΛ(X)$ is the smallest cardinal $κ$ such that for any distinct points $x,y\in X$ there exists a family $\mathcal U$ of closed neighborhoods of $x$ in $X$ such that $|\mathcal U|\leκ$ and $\bigcap\mathcal U$ is a subsemilattice of $X$ that does not contain $y$. It follows that $\barΛ(X)\le\barψ(X)$, where $\barψ(X)$ is the smallest cardinal $κ$ such that for any point $x\in X$ there exists a family $\mathcal U$ of closed neighborhoods of $x$ in $X$ such that $|\mathcal U|\leκ$ and $\bigcap\mathcal U=\{x\}$. We prove that a compact Hausdorff semitopological semilattice $X$ is Lawson (i.e., has a base of the topology consisting of subsemilattices) if and only if $\barΛ(X)=1$. Each Hausdorff topological semilattice $X$ has Lawson number $\barΛ(X)\leω$. On the other hand, for any infinite cardinal $λ$ we construct a Hausdorff zero-dimensional semitopological semilattice $X$ such that $|X|=λ$ and $\barΛ(X)=\barψ(X)=cf(λ)$. A topologized semilattice $X$ is called (i) $ω$-$Lawson$ if $\barΛ(X)\leω$; (ii) $complete$ if each non-empty chain $C\subset X$ has $\inf C\in\overline{C}$ and $\sup C\in\overline{C}$. We prove that for any complete subsemilattice $X$ of an $ω$-Lawson semitopological semilattice $Y$, the partial order $\le_X=\{(x,y)\in X\times X:xy=x\}$ of $X$ is closed in $Y\times Y$ and hence $X$ is closed in $Y$. This implies that for any continuous homomorphism $h:X\to Y$ from a compete topologized semilattice $X$ to an $ω$-Lawson semitopological semilattice $Y$ the image $h(X)$ is closed in $Y$.
description: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1806.02868
Andrena denticulata
Creators: name: Gérard, Maxence
name: Fiordaliso, William
name: Ferrais, Louise
name: Fournier, Chloé
name: Hairault, Malo
name: Lheureux, Lise
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Ghisbain, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Andrena
Andrena denticulata

description: Andrena denticulata (Kirby, 1802)
Conservation status
NT
description: Published as part of Gérard, Maxence, Fiordaliso, William, Ferrais, Louise, Fournier, Chloé, Hairault, Malo, Lheureux, Lise, Rosa, Paolo & Ghisbain, Guillaume, 2025, Wild bee diversity of the National Park of the Semois Valley (Belgium), pp. e 144223 in Biodiversity Data Journal 13 on page e144223, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e144223
Analysis of ignition processes at combustors for aero engines at high altitude conditions with and without effusion cooling
Creators: name: Martinos, Alexios-Dionysios
name: Zarzalis, Nikolaos
name: Harth, Stephan-Raphael
Publisher: name: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Aircraft engines
Combustion chambers
Cooling
Ignition
Fuels
Pressure
Flames
Temperature
Commercial air transport
Design
Engines
Evaporation
Flight
Ignition systems
Image processing
Imaging
Low temperature
Nozzles
Pressure drop
Probability
Safety

description: The ability to re-ignite at high altitude after a flameout event is critical for flight safety. One reason that makes the relight process of the engine difficult is the low temperature and pressure, which leads to poor atomization, low degree of evaporation and slow reaction rate of the vaporized fuel. For this research work a rectangular, one sector RQL combustion chamber was utilized for experimental investigations at high altitude conditions. The design of the chamber is modular so that experiments for two configurations, i.e. without and with effusion cooling holes can be conducted. The fuel injection and the ignition system are representative of the ones used in commercial aviation. The investigations were performed in the frame of the European research project SOPRANO at the ISCAR rig. The ISCAR rig is capable of generating low pressure and temperature conditions for flowing kerosene-air mixtures. The investigation focuses on the characterization of the ignition process, in terms of probability, minimum fuel to air ratio (FAR) and ignition timing for a successful ignition event. In addition, the unsteady flame kernel generation and propagation were analyzed by high-speed imaging recording. An in-house image processing code was developed in order to derive quantitative spatial information of the flame and overall trends among ignition sequences for the same or different operating conditions. In order to achieve comparability between the investigated configurations (liners without and with effusion cooling), the pressure drop across the nozzle and the liners was the same depending on the operating condition. Results show that both pressure and temperature affect the ignition process, with the former being the dominant parameter in the investigated conditions. In both configurations, the minimum FAR increased as long as the conditions in the chamber became more adverse, indicating that at high altitude low-pressure situations, the performance of the airblast atomizer deteriorated causing poor ignition. This is overcome by creating a richer fuel-air mixture in the primary zone. Finally, the air injected through the effusion cooling holes near the spark seems to create favorable conditions for the ignition process.
Influence of milk yield on profitability a quantile regression analysis
Creators: name: Schorr, A.
name: Lips, M.
name: Schorr, A.
name: Lips, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The paper analyses factors influencing the economic success of Swiss dairy farms, measured by annual income per family work unit, using panel-data regression techniques. Based on more than 5400 observations, the analysis focusses on annual milk yield per cow as key explanatory variable, adjustable by the farm manager in the medium term. We apply a random-effects model and a quantile regression based on deciles, which allows us to study the heterogeneity of the sample in more detail. Consistently with literature, the random-effects model shows a positive contribution of milk yield: an additional ton per cow results in an increase of CHF 2660, i.e. 6% of annual income. The quantile regression reveals that the impact of milk yield differs between deciles: a high milk yield is most beneficial for the best performing farms, accounting for up to 7210 CHF per ton. Our analysis further shows the influence of milk yield on profitability to be highly heterogeneous among Swiss dairy farms, indicating the demand for business-specific consulting services and not indicating the requirement for increased milk yield at each level of economic success. Key words: dairy, milk yield, quantile regression, random-effects model, Switzerland, financial performance Acknowledgement : The authors are grateful to the FADN team of Agroscope for providing the data and to Nadja El-Benni and Swetlana Renner for comments.
Testing the mirror world hypothesis for the close-in extrasolar planets
Creators: name: Foot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because planets are not expected to be able to form close to stars due to the high temperatures, it has been suggested that the observed close orbiting ($\sim 0.05$ AU) large mass planets ($\sim M_J$) might be mirror worlds -- planets composed predominately of mirror matter. The accretion of ordinary matter onto the mirror planet (from e.g. the solar wind from the host star) will make the mirror planet opaque to ordinary radiation with an effective radius $R_p$. It was argued in a previous paper, astro-ph/0101055, that this radius was potentially large enough to explain the measured size of the first transiting close-in extrasolar planet, HD209458b. Furthermore, astro-ph/0101055, made the rough prediction: $R_p \propto \sqrt{T_s \over M_p}$, where $T_s$ is the surface temperature of the ordinary matter in the mirror planet and $M_p$ is the mass of the planet (the latter dependence being the more robust prediction). We compare this prediction with the recently discovered transiting planets, OGLE-TR-56b and OGLE-TR-113b.
description: about 4 pages
The Effects of Experience on Landowner Preferences over Bioenergy Feedstocks
Creators: name: Van Deynze, B.
name: Van Deynze, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study examines how landowners’ prior experience with bioenergy feedstock crops affects their intentions to lease land to produce those crops, and how attitudes and concerns about bioenergy affect intentions differently for landowners with differing levels of experience. I analyze stated preference data from a representative sample of landowners in Northern Michigan and Wisconsin. Landowners were asked whether they would provide cropland or farmable noncropland to produce three different bioenergy feedstocks: corn stover, switchgrass, and poplar. I develop measures of landowner attitudes and concerns through confirmatory factor analysis and use the resulting measures along with a proxy for experience as covariates in probit models with intention to provide land as the dependent variable. The results indicate that experience has a significant effect on landowners’ decisions for switchgrass and poplar, but less of an impact on the decisions for corn stover. Experience also activates pro-bioenergy attitudes while nullifying concerns about rental and process disamenities. However, experience can increase the impact of concerns about environmental disamenities created by poplar. These findings suggest that targeted outreach can significantly increase the supply of land to produce bioenergy feedstocks. Acknowledgment : This research was funded by the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02- 07ER64494), DOE OBP Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830), the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, MSU AgBioResearch, and the USDA National Institue of Food and Agriculture. For access to the survey data and methodological guidance, I thank Scott Swinton. For feedback on earlier drafts of this paper, I thank Soren Anderson and Frank Lupi.
Long-distance Detection of Bioacoustic Events with Per-channel Energy Normalization
Creators: name: Lostanlen, Vincent
name: Palmer, Kaitlin
name: Knight, Elly
name: Clark, Christopher
name: Klinck, Holger
name: Farnsworth, Andrew
name: Wong, Tina
name: Cramer, Jason
name: Bello, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes to perform unsupervised detection of bioacoustic events by pooling the magnitudes of spectrogram frames after per-channel energy normalization (PCEN). Although PCEN was originally developed for speech recognition, it also has beneficial effects in enhancing animal vocalizations, despite the presence of atmospheric absorption and intermittent noise. We prove that PCEN generalizes logarithm-based spectral flux, yet with a tunable time scale for background noise estimation. In comparison with pointwise logarithm, PCEN reduces false alarm rate by 50x in the near field and 5x in the far field, both on avian and marine bioacoustic datasets. Such improvements come at moderate computational cost and require no human intervention, thus heralding a promising future for PCEN in bioacoustics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE). 25--26 October 2019, New York, NY, USA
Unwanted, Not Unlovable : Information Provision’s Impact on Upcycled Food Preference
Creators: name: Voznyuk, Kateryna
name: Lyon, Emma Lee
name: Tahvili, Melika
name: Francisco, Martina
name: Mahadani, Sushmita
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Upcycled food has been identified as a formidable strategy to reduce food waste2,4,5; however, the consumption thereof remains stigmatized by the general public3,7,8. This study aims to investigate how providing information about upcycled and conventional meals influence consumer preference. We examine the possible mitigating effects of minimum (n = 77) and maximum (n = 66) amounts of information provision through labels, definitions, and sustainability-oriented framing in comparisons of upcycled and conventional meal options, compared to controls (n = 69). The one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test establish minimal information provision produces decreased upcycled food choice (p = .03); however, maximal information did not significantly recuperate these effects (p = .06). Chi-squared analyses did not show significant preference for certain meal types to be upcycled. Further Pearson’s correlations demonstrate significant effects (p < .001) of familiarity, perceptions of safety, disgust, and environmental sustainability as additional mitigators of upcycled food choice. From these results, future studies and clients can consider (1) more thoroughly emphasizing the sustainability of upcycled food, (2) increasing public familiarity of upcycled food’s comparable quality, and (3) specifically targeting UBC Dining hall clientele to increase public acceptance of upcycled food consumption and reduce food waste. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Chiral molecule adsorption on helical polymers
Creators: name: D'Orsogna, Maria R.
name: Chou, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a lattice model for helicity induction on an optically inactive polymer due to the adsorption of exogenous chiral amine molecules. The system is mapped onto a one-dimensional Ising model characterized by an on-site polymer helicity variable and an amine occupancy one. The equilibrium properties are analyzed at the limit of strong coupling between helicity induction and amine adsorption and that of non-interacting adsorbant molecules. We discuss our results in view of recent experimental results.
Effect of index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) on herd offtake: Evidence from Borena zone-southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Jing, W.
name: Gebrekidan, T.
name: Sheng, B.
name: Yixin, G.
name: Chi, Z.
name: Qianyue, Z.
name: Yongchao, D.
name: Tamura, Y.
name: Neglo, K.
name: Lyu, K.
name: Jing, W.
name: Gebrekidan, T.
name: Sheng, B.
name: Yixin, G.
name: Chi, Z.
name: Qianyue, Z.
name: Yongchao, D.
name: Tamura, Y.
name: Neglo, K.
name: Lyu, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: When weather shock strike in agrarian economies, households are often used to offtake, perhaps their productive livestock as major risk coping strategy. However, distressful asset offtake could result difficulties to recover after shock, consequently, the macro economy of a subsistence agriculture dependent country could slows down for longer years. In this paper, we analysed the dynamic effect of the index based livestock insurance on the herd offtake behaviour of herders in Borena zone, southernmost part of Ethiopia using three rounds panel data. Our results using fixed effect model analysis shows that households who purchased index-based livestock insurance coverage are less likely to offtake their herds. Empirically, it is appeared to have positive and significant effect on reducing the herd offtake behaviour of the households. This finding suggests that the coverage can help in reducing fear and worry of the herding households about the possible incidence of covariate herd loss. As a result, distressful herd offtake can be reduced and sustain the household s economic growth. Acknowledgement : We are very thankfull to Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) project consortium members for making available rich panel data which enable us to write this paper. We also like to convey our special esteem to the ILRI for taking the initiative for realising the IBLI project. We gratefully acknowledges the valuable contributions of the financial innovation and rural development program research team members of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS). We would like to extend our appreciation to the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) for its continual effort to foster agricultural economics and facilitating information exchanges among scholars.
Can Crop Insurance Market Benefit Land Rental Market by Mitigating the Inverse-Relationship Concern
Creators: name: Chen, H.
name: Chen, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: China is attempting to increase average farm size for relaxing laborers from land, however, the potential farm land size and productivity Inverse Relationship (IR) is triggering an intensive debate. As the China s agricultural insurance market has grown rapidly in recent years, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the insurance can be a tool for mitigating the IR. We first model how risk causes IR. The finding brings an additional layer to the existing literature: a constant relative risk averse farmer still suffers from IR due to the Income Share Effect. When farm land size increases, the share of risky farm income rises, result in farmers to be more conservative, which causes efficiency loss. With insurance scheme, the lost productivity is recovered. A large-scale filed survey data is employed to test theoretical findings. Results show that, for farmers without insurance, the IR does exist. As land size increases 1 mu, the productivity significantly decreases 0.5 jin/mu, which is 4.5% decrease in total production if the government wants to increase average farm size from 10 mu to 100 mu. For the farmers with insurance purchase, the lost productivity is fully recovered as the theoretical model predicted and IR disappears. Acknowledgement : I am extremely grateful to my advisors Michael R. Carter and Stephen R. Boucher for invaluable discussions, guidance, and support. I also thank Danie A. Sumner, Jikun Huang, Wuyang Hu, Kevin Novan, Meilin Ma for helpful comments, as well as seminar participants.I would like to express special thanks to researchers at China Center for Agricultural Policy (CCAP) as well for their great efforts in conducting field surveys and collecting first-hand household data used in this study.
Scalar cosmological perturbation in an inflationary brane world driven by the bulk inflaton
Creators: name: Du, Da-Ping
name: Wang, Bin
name: Abdalla, Elcio
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate scalar perturbations from inflation in a bulk inflaton braneworld model. Using the generalized longitudinal gauge, we derive and solve the full set of scalar perturbation equations. Our exact results support the recent argument that for the de Sitter brane the square of the radion mass is not positive, showing that unlike the flat brane case, the de Sitter brane is not stable.
description: 17pages, Latex format
title: The experiences and emotional responses of parents with hospitalised children: an examination of possible contributory factors
Creators: name: O'Dwyer, June
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: Background and Aims: Research has highlighted some of the parental stressors experienced in hospitals by parents of children that required repeated admissions. Little had been written about parents of essentially healthy children with a first admission for an acute condition/needing surgery. A small qualitative study investigating the hospitalisation experiences of this group of parents was completed by the author earlier. The aim of the present study was to find out if the factors identified previously as being the most stressful, do in fact contribute to the distress experienced by parents in hospital.

 Design and Participants: This cross-sectional study used comparative and correlational analyses. The sample included 75 parents of children in hospital.

 Measures: Variables were measured using a range of constructed questionnaires.

 Results: The results showed that parents experienced a higher level of psychological distress while at the hospital, compared to a couple of weeks prior to their child’s admission. Parents’ perceived seriousness of their child’s condition, was correlated with higher level of anxiety while at the hospital. Other results indicated that parents were satisfied with hospital procedures, staff communication and parental role. However, parents of children with first admissions were less satisfied with some aspects of communication and more confused about parental role compared to parents of children with repeated admissions. Findings highlighted the levels/sources of support parents received. It was noted that there was a significant relationship between depression and support from family and a significant trend was also found for depression and support from other parents on the ward.

 Implication: The discussion considers explanations for the findings, which are discussed in relation to previous literature. Clinical implications for undertaking work with health care professionals and working with parents on paediatric wards are examined. The limitations of this study are explored and further research is suggested.
Impact of Improved Maize Varieties on Food Security in Eastern Zambia: a doubly robust analysis
Creators: name: Manda, J.
name: Gardebroek, C.
name: Kuntashula, E.
name: Alene, A.D.
name: Manda, J.
name: Gardebroek, C.
name: Kuntashula, E.
name: Alene, A.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This study investigates the impact of improved maize varieties on household food security in eastern Zambia using household survey data from a sample of over 800 rural households. Since treatment effect estimates are often prone to misspecification in either the treatment or outcome equation, we use the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment method, complemented with propensity score matching on six different food security measures to obtain reliable impact estimates. Generally, we find a positive impact of improved maize adoption on food security across the two econometric approaches. Maize, being the most important food staple in Zambia has a great bearing on the food security status of farm households. It is therefore imperative that a conducive environment is created that promotes the adoption of maize yield improving technologies Acknowledgement : The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from USAID/Zambia. The household survey was conducted in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of Zambia and the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI). We thank Bernadette Chimai of the University of Zambia who ably supervised the data collection process.
Measuring CMB polarisation with the Planck mission
Creators: name: Delabrouille, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss why and how the Planck mission, originally designed and proposed for mapping CMB intensity fluctuations, has been revised for polarisation measurement capability as well.
An Economic and Environmental Assessment of a Glyphosate Ban for the Example of Maize Production
Creators: name: Finger, R.
name: Bocker, T.
name: Britz, W.
name: Mohring, N.
name: Finger, R.
name: Bocker, T.
name: Britz, W.
name: Mohring, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The effects of a glyphosate ban on cultivation of silage maize are simulated using a spatially explicit bio-economic model that accounts for different pre- and post-sowing weed control strategies and production risks. We analyse the effects of a glyphosate ban on farmers choices of field-level weed control strategies. These strategies are evaluated in two environmental dimensions. More specifically, we consider a pesticide load indicator to assess environmental toxicity, fate and human health effects as well as the energy demand of the agricultural system. We find that a glyphosate ban leads to a significant reduction of the pesticide load of silage maize production. However, a glyphosate ban also leads to somewhat higher energy consumption. Acknowledgement : We thank Ganga Ram Maharjan and Thomas Gaiser from the Crop Science Group of University of Bonn for providing yield data for this research. Furthermore, we thank the plant protection consultants of the Chamber of Agriculture of NRW and of the Chamber of Agriculture of Lower Saxony for providing valuable information supporting this research.
The role of debt in financing French farm investments
Creators: name: Enjolras, G.
name: Sanfilippo, G.
name: Enjolras, G.
name: Sanfilippo, G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of indebtedness in the capital structure of French farms, in order to understand how they finance their investments. The methodology is based on three main theoretical frameworks associated with capital structure in the financial literature: the trade-off theory, the pecking order theory and the signaling theory. We use data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) during the period 2000-2014, which are representative of French professional farms. A simultaneous equation model (3SLS) is estimated in order to explain the financing of farms by short- and long-term debt and the level of investments. The paper complements previous studies by validating parts of the financial literature for farm businesses. Notably, the model reveals that farmers prefer to finance their investments using first internal funds, second long-term debt and third short-term debt. Over the years, the capital structure of French farms remains quite stable, although it has progressively integrated more short-term debt. Practical implications in terms of farm financing are then suggested. Acknowledgement : The authors acknowledge financial support from the French research agency ( Agence Nationale de la Recherche -ANR) in the frame of the research project FARM_VALUE Farm value and farm transfer: perspectives from economics and sociology (ANR-15-CE36-0006-01).
Measuring the Berry phase of graphene from wavefront dislocations in Friedel oscillations
Creators: name: Dutreix, C.
name: González-Herrero, H.
name: Brihuega, I.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Chapelier, C.
name: Renard, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic band structures dictate the mechanical, optical and electrical properties of crystalline solids. Their experimental determination is therefore of crucial importance for technological applications. While the spectral distribution in energy bands is routinely measured by various techniques, it is more difficult to access the topological properties of band structures such as the Berry phase γ. It is usually thought that measuring the Berry phase requires applying external electromagnetic forces because these allow realizing the adiabatic transport on closed trajectories along which quantum mechanical wave-functions pick up the Berry phase. In graphene, the anomalous quantum Hall effect results from the Berry phase γ = π picked up by massless relativistic electrons along cyclotron orbits and proves the existence of Dirac cones. Contradicting this belief, we demonstrate that the Berry phase of graphene can be measured in absence of any external magnetic field. We observe edge dislocations in the Friedel oscillations formed at hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on graphene. Following Nye and Berry in describing these topological defects as phase singularities of complex fields, we show that the number of additional wave-fronts in the dislocation is a real space measurement of the pseudo spin winding, i.e. graphene's Berry phase. Since the electronic dispersion can also be retrieved from Friedel oscillations, our study establishes the electronic density as a powerful observable to determine both the dispersion relation and topological properties of wavefunctions. This could have profound consequences for the study of the band-structure topology of relativistic and gapped phases in solids.
description: Supplementary information available at Nature's web site
Nomada braunsiana Schmiedeknecht 1882
Creators: name: Gérard, Maxence
name: Fiordaliso, William
name: Ferrais, Louise
name: Fournier, Chloé
name: Hairault, Malo
name: Lheureux, Lise
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Ghisbain, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Nomada
Nomada braunsiana

description: Nomada braunsiana Schmiedeknecht, 1882
Conservation status
NE
description: Published as part of Gérard, Maxence, Fiordaliso, William, Ferrais, Louise, Fournier, Chloé, Hairault, Malo, Lheureux, Lise, Rosa, Paolo & Ghisbain, Guillaume, 2025, Wild bee diversity of the National Park of the Semois Valley (Belgium), pp. e 144223 in Biodiversity Data Journal 13 on page e144223, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e144223
Event Structure at RHIC from p-p to Au-Au
Creators: name: Trainor, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several correlation analysis techniques are applied to p-p and Au-Au collisions at RHIC. Strong large-momentum-scale correlations are observed which can be related to local charge and momentum conservation during hadronization and to minijet (minimum-bias parton fragment) correlations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 20th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Trelawny Beach, Jamaica, March 15-20, 2004
Off-shell Ward identities for N-gluon amplitudes
Creators: name: Ahmadiniaz, Naser
name: Schubert, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Off-shell Ward identities in non-abelian gauge theory continue to be a subject of active research, since they are, in general, inhomogeneous and their form depends on the chosen gauge-fixing procedure. For the three-gluon and four-gluon vertices, it is known that a relatively simple form of the Ward identity can be achieved using the pinch technique or, equivalently, the background-field method with quantum Feynman gauge. The latter is also the gauge-fixing underlying the string-inspired formalism, and here we use this formalism to derive the corresponding form of the Ward identity for the one-loop N - gluon amplitudes.
Measuring Granger Causality in Quantiles
Creators: name: Xiaojun Song
name: Abderrahim Taamouti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: We consider measures of Granger causality in quantiles, which detect and quantify both linear and nonlinear causal effects between random variables. The measures are based on nonparametric quantile regressions and defined as logarithmic functions of restricted and unrestricted expectations of quantile check loss functions. They can consistently be estimated by replacing the unknown expectations of check loss functions by their nonparametric kernel estimates. We derive a Bahadur-type representation for the nonparametric estimator of the measures. We establish the asymptotic distribution of this estimator, which can be used to build tests for the statistical significance of the measures. Thereafter, we show the validity of a smoothed local bootstrap that can be used in finite-sample settings to perform statistical tests. A Monte Carlo simulation study reveals that the bootstrap-based test has a good finite-sample size and power properties for a variety of data-generating processes and different sample sizes. Finally, we provide an empirical application to illustrate the usefulness of measuring Granger causality in quantiles. We quantify the degree of predictability of the quantiles of equity risk premium using the variance risk premium, unemployment rate, inflation, and the effective federal funds rate. The empirical results show that the variance risk premium and effective federal funds rate have a strong predictive power for predicting the risk premium when compared to that of the predictive power of the other two macro variables. In particular, the variance risk premium is able to predict the center, lower, and upper quantiles of the distribution of the risk premium; however, the effective federal funds rate predicts only the lower and upper quantiles. Nevertheless, unemployment and inflation rates have no effect on the risk premium.
A Latent Class Analysis of Agricultural Technology Use Behavior in Uganda and Implications for Optimal Targeting
Creators: name: Kabunga, N.
name: Bizimungu, E.
name: Kabunga, N.
name: Bizimungu, E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Agricultural productivity is still very low in Africa largely due to low use of improved agricultural technologies. Existing adoption studies are marred by univariate analyses, often focusing on single technologies over a limited scope while assuming uniform effects of the explanatory variables across farm households. In this study, we use a large dataset that covers a wide geographical and agricultural scope to describe use-patterns of improved agro-technology in Uganda. Using latent class analysis, and over 12,500 households collected across the four regions of Uganda, we classify farmers based on the package of improved agro-technologies used. We find that the majority of farmers (61%) do not use any improved agricultural practices ( non-users ) while only 5% of the farmers belong to the class of intensified diversifiers , using most of the commonly available agro-technologies across crop and livestock enterprises. Using multinomial regression analysis, we show that education of the household head, access to extension messages and affiliation to social groups, are the key factors that drive switching from the non-user reference class to the other three preferred classes that use improved agro-technologies to varying levels. Results reveal that different farmer categories with different agro-technology needs, which may have implications for optimal targeting. Acknowledgement : The authors would like to thank the International Institute for Impact Evaluation (3ie) for financial support. This work was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Water alignment, dipolar interactions, and multiple proton occupancy during water-wire proton transport
Creators: name: Chou, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A discrete multistate kinetic model for water-wire proton transport is constructed and analyzed using Monte-Carlo simulations. The model allows for each water molecule to be in one of three states: oxygen lone pairs pointing leftward, pointing rightward, or protonated (H$_{3}$O$^{+}$). Specific rules for transitions among these states are defined as protons hop across successive water oxygens. We then extend the model to include water-channel interactions that preferentially align the water dipoles, nearest-neighbor dipolar coupling interactions, and coulombic repulsion. Extensive Monte-Carlo simulations were performed and the observed qualitative physical behaviors discussed. We find the parameters that allow the model to exhibit superlinear and sublinear current-voltage relationships and show why alignment fields, whether generated by interactions with the pore interior or by membrane potentials {\it always} decrease the proton current. The simulations also reveal a ``lubrication'' mechanism that suppresses water dipole interactions when the channel is multiply occupied by protons. This effect can account for an observed sublinear-to-superlinear transition in the current-voltage relationship.
Cockroaches use diverse strategies to self-right on the ground
Creators: name: Li, Chen
name: Wöhrl, Toni
name: Lam, Han K.
name: Full, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Terrestrial animals often must self-right from an upside-down orientation on the ground to survive. Here, we compared self-righting strategies of the Madagascar hissing, American, and discoid cockroaches on a challenging flat, rigid, low-friction surface to quantify the mechanical principles. All three species almost always self-righted (97% probability) when given time (30 seconds), frequently self-righted (63%) on the first attempt, and on that attempt did so in one second or less. When successful, two of the three species gained and used pitch and/or roll rotational kinetic energy to overcome potential energy barriers (American 63% of all attempts and discoid 78%). By contrast, the largest, heaviest, wingless cockroach (Madagascar hissing) relied far less on the energy of motion and was the slowest to self-right. Two of the three species used rolling strategies to overcome low potential energy barriers. Successful righting attempts had greater rolling rotation than failed attempts as the center of mass rose to the highest position. Madagascar hissing cockroaches rolled using body deformation (98% of all trials) and the American cockroach relied on leg forces (93%). By contrast, the discoid cockroach overcame higher and a wider range of potential energy barriers with simultaneous pitching and rolling using wings (46% of all trials) and legs (49%) equally to self-right. Our quantification revealed the performance advantages of using rotational kinetic energy to overcome the potential energy barrier and rolling more to lower it, while maintaining diverse strategies for ground-based self-righting.
Multiple passages of light through an absorption inhomogeneity in optical imaging of turbid media
Creators: name: Xu, M.
name: Cai, W.
name: Alfano, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiple passages of light through an absorption inhomogeneity of finite size deep within a turbid medium is analyzed for optical imaging using the ``self-energy'' diagram. The nonlinear correction becomes more important for an inhomogeneity of a larger size and with greater contrast in absorption with respect to the host background. The nonlinear correction factor agrees well with that from Monte Carlo simulations for CW light. The correction is about $50%-75%$ in near infrared for an absorption inhomogeneity with the typical optical properties found in tissues and of size of five times the transport mean free path.
description: 3 figures
X-ray variability of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PKS 0558-504
Creators: name: Brinkmann, W.
name: Arevalo, P.
name: Gliozzi, M.
name: Ferrero, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from several XMM-Newton observations of the radio loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) PKS 0558-504. We find evidence for strong and persistent X-ray variability, both on short and long time-scales. On short time scales of ~2 hours the source varies smoothly by 15-20%; long term variations by a factor of >2 could not be resolved in the relatively short exposures: we find the source mostly in a `low' state, in 2 out of the 11 observations in a `high state'. X-ray flares seem to be recurrent with a time scale of ~24 ksec which, if interpreted as the Keplerian time scale in the disc, would place the emission region just outside the last stable orbit. The X-ray spectrum of PKS 0558-504 can be well fitted by two Comptonization components, one at moderate temperatures of kT ~ 4.5 keV and optical depths of \~ 2, the other at high temperatures kT > 50 keV and low optical depths < 1.0. These parameters are, however, subject to large errors due to the inherent degeneracy of the Comptonization models. Flux variations of the source are caused by changes of the colder component only, the hot component with parameters very similar to those of BLS1 galaxies, stays constant. All results fit nicely the picture that NLS1 galaxies are lower mass objects, accreting close to the Eddington rate emitting X-rays from a very active magnetically powered accretion disc corona.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Megachile ligniseca
Creators: name: Gérard, Maxence
name: Fiordaliso, William
name: Ferrais, Louise
name: Fournier, Chloé
name: Hairault, Malo
name: Lheureux, Lise
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Ghisbain, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile ligniseca

description: Megachile ligniseca (Kirby, 1802)
Conservation status
LC
description: Published as part of Gérard, Maxence, Fiordaliso, William, Ferrais, Louise, Fournier, Chloé, Hairault, Malo, Lheureux, Lise, Rosa, Paolo & Ghisbain, Guillaume, 2025, Wild bee diversity of the National Park of the Semois Valley (Belgium), pp. e 144223 in Biodiversity Data Journal 13 on page e144223, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e144223
An update on Archeops: flights and data products
Creators: name: Delabrouille, J.
name: Filliatre, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Archeops is a balloon-borne instrument dedicated to measuring CMB temperature anisotropies at high resolution over a large fraction of sky. We present the Archeops flights and data products, Archeops results, and the future use of Archeops data for multi-experiment data analysis.
Priocera denticarea Opitz 2021, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Priocera
Priocera denticarea

description: Priocera denticarea OPITZ nov.sp. (Figs 41, 93, 127)
 HOLOTYPE: ♂. Type locality: HONDURAS: Dept. Atlantida, Tela, Lancetilla Botanical Gardens, 28- V-1993, M. C. Thomas (FSCA). PARATYPE: 5 specimens. Honduras: Departamento de Atlantida, Tela, Lancetilla Botanical Gardens, 28-V-1993, M. C. Thomas (CUIC, 1; FSCA, 1; WOPC, 2); idem, 28-V-1993, R. Turnbow (RHTC, 1).
 D i a g n o s i s: Specimens of this species are similar to those of Priocera stictica GORHAM and P. costaricana WOLCOTT, from which they can only be distinguished by examination of the aedeagus. In P. stictica GORHAM, the phallic plate is set with serrations and in P. costaricana the phallic apex is uncinate. Neither of these phallic characteristics are present in specimens of P. denticarea.
D e s c r i p t i o n: Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 2.0 mm. Form: As in Fig. 127. Head: Frons about as wide as length of antennal pedicel (EW /FW 45/10). Thorax: Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescenses (PW /PL 90/145); elytra slightly concave at middle, disc sculptured with striate asetiferous punctures that extend beyond basal 1/2, elytral apex rounded (EL /EW 340/60); metathoracic leg gradually increasing in diameter towards apex. Abdomen: Aedeagus as in Fig. 41.
V a r i a t i o n: Size: Length 8.0-9.0 mm; width 2.0- 2.2 mm. Other than body size, the available specimens are quite homogeneous.
N a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The available specimens were collected in May.
D i s t r i b u t i o n (Fig. 93): This species is known from Honduras.
 E t y m o l o g y: The trivial name, denticarea, is a Latin compound name that stems from denti (= tooth) and careo (= to be without). I refer to the lack of serrations on the phallic plates.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Priocera KIRBY (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Clerinae), pp. 1145-1255 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on pages 1174-1175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5038854