cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stripe Domains and First Order Phase Transition in the Vortex Matter of Anisotropic High-temperature Superconductors
Creators: name: Vlasko-Vlasov, V. K.
name: Clem, J. R.
name: Koshelev, A. E.
name: Welp, U.
name: Kwok, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the direct imaging of a novel modulated flux striped domain phase in a nearly twin-free YBCO crystal. These domains arise from instabilities in the vortex structure within a narrow region of tilted magnetic fields at small angles from the in-plane direction. By comparing the experimental and theoretically derived vortex phase diagrams we infer that the stripe domains emerge from a first order phase transition of the vortex structure. The size of domains containing vortices of certain orientations is controlled by the balance between the vortex stray field energy and the positive energy of the domain boundaries. Our results confirm the existence of the kinked vortex chain phase in an anisotropic high temperature superconductor and reveal a sharp transition in the state of this phase resulting in regular vortex domains.
Impact of discourse type and elicitation task (Spencer et al., 2023)
Creators: name: Spencer, Trina D.
name: Tolentino, Trina J.
name: Foster, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420110
subject: Speech pathology
classificationCode: 470402
subject: Child language acquisition

description: Purpose: Language sampling is a critical component of language assessments. However, there are many ways to elicit language samples that likely impact the results. The purpose of this study was to examine how different discourse types and elicitation tasks affect various language sampling outcomes.Method: A diverse group of K–3 students (N = 1,037) contributed eight spoken language samples in four elicitation conditions: (a) expository generation, (b) expository retell, (c) narrative generation, and (d) narrative retell. Samples were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for number of total words, number of different words, mean length of utterance in words (MLUW), and number of clauses per communication unit (i.e., Subordination Index [SI]).Results: Narrative retell and expository generation conditions yielded the largest samples with the greatest lexical diversity when compared to narrative generation and expository retell. MLUW was higher in expository conditions, but mean SI was higher in narrative conditions. For both measures of syntax, narrative retell and expository generation yielded the highest mean scores. For each outcome, there were expected increases corresponding to grades; however, the differences faded between second and third grade.Conclusion: As a component of language assessments, clinicians’ selection of language sampling procedures will impact the sample length, lexical diversity, utterance length, and syntactical complexity of the samples.Supplemental Material S1. Narrative and expository formulas.Spencer, T. D., Tolentino, T. J., & Foster, M. E. (2023). Impact of discourse type and elicitation task on language sampling outcomes. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 32(6), 2827–2845. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00365
Additional file 1 of Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar and evaluation of luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay
Creators: name: Khin Myo Aye
name: Nagayasu, Eiji
name: Myat Htut Nyunt
name: Zaw, Ni Ni
name: Kyaw Zin Thant
name: Myat Phone Kyaw
name: Maruyama, Haruhiko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar measured by luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay.
The electronic structure of the high-symmetry perovskite iridate Ba2IrO4
Creators: name: Moser, S.
name: Moreschini, L.
name: Ebrahimi, A.
name: Piazza, B. Dalla
name: Isobe, M.
name: Okabe, H.
name: Akimitsu, J.
name: Mazurenko, V. V.
name: Kim, K. S.
name: Bostwick, A.
name: Rotenberg, E.
name: Chang, J.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Grioni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements, density functional and model tight-binding calculations on Ba$_2$IrO$_4$ (Ba-214), an antiferromagnetic ($T_N=230$ K) insulator. Ba-214 does not exhibit the rotational distortion of the IrO$_6$ octahedra that is present in its sister compound Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ (Sr-214), and is therefore an attractive reference material to study the electronic structure of layered iridates. We find that the band structures of Ba-214 and Sr-214 are qualitatively similar, hinting at the predominant role of the spin-orbit interaction in these materials. Temperature-dependent ARPES data show that the energy gap persists well above $T_N$, and favour a Mott over a Slater scenario for this compound.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Early Assessments and Transition Curricula: What States Can Do
Creators: name: Fay, Margaret
name: Barnett, Elisabeth
name: Trimble, Madeline Joy
name: Pheatt, Lara Elaine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Brief of report investigating the fact that too many students who graduate from high school are underprepared for college-level coursework. To address this problem, states are increasingly administering assessments in the 11th grade to measure students’ college readiness. Some states are also beginning to offer transition curricula, developed by secondary and postsecondary faculty, that are designed to help at-risk students avoid remediation and become better prepared for the challenges of college. Based largely on interviews with stakeholders in California, New York, Tennessee, and West Virginia, this report describes how these four states have developed initiatives related to early college readiness assessments and transition curricula. Leaders in each state have made particular choices in the design of each program, including what assessment to use; how to determine what level of performance on an assessment aligns with college-level expectations; whether transition curricula should focus on math, English, or both; and how students should be placed into transition courses. In comparing the development of these interventions across states, we identify several central challenges: Given that high school students will attend different colleges and pursue different college programs, how should college readiness be defined? Should transition curricula focus on having students pass remedial placement tests, or should the curricula cover a broader range of skills needed for success in college courses? Should transition courses be offered to all low-performing students or only those who are nearly college ready? While early college assessments and transition curricula are promising approaches for improving students’ college readiness, findings from our study suggest that strong collaboration between the K-12 and higher education sectors in developing these initiatives is essential for ensuring that the skills and knowledge taught and assessed in high school are well aligned with those needed for success in college. What is more, program designers need to carefully consider competing priorities concerning initiative goals, populations served, and course content. The study also suggests that state-level commitment to improving college readiness in the form of legislation may be helpful in building support and momentum for these initiatives. More research is needed on the impact of these two interrelated and relatively new interventions. CCRC plans to pursue additional research in the four states discussed in this report.
Additional file 4 of Implementing tuberculosis patient cost surveys in resource-constrained settings: lessons from Tanzania
Creators: name: Kilale, Andrew Martin
name: Makasi, Charles
name: Majaha, Melkisedeck
name: Manga, Chacha Dionis
name: Haule, Sylvia
name: Hilary, Pudensiana
name: Kimbute, Omari
name: Kitua, Stephen
name: Jani, Bhavin
name: Range, Nyagosya
name: Ngowi, Bernard
name: Nkiligi, Emmanuel
name: Matechi, Emmanuel
name: Muhandiki, Wilbard
name: Mahamba, Vishnu
name: Mutayoba, Beatrice
name: Ershova, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. TBPCS field report.
Additional file 3 of A machine learning-based clinical tool for diagnosing myopathy using multi-cohort microarray expression profiles
Creators: name: Tran, Andrew
name: Walsh, Chris J.
name: Batt, Jane
name: Santos, Claudia C. Dos
name: Hu, Pingzhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Table of 500 genes (gene signature) used to train multiclass support vector machine muscle disease classifier.
SLP serving Indigenous families & children (Guiberson & Ferris, 2023)
Creators: name: Guiberson, Mark
name: Ferris, Kyliah
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420110
subject: Speech pathology
classificationCode: 459999
subject: Other Indigenous studies not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 390411
subject: Special education and disability

description: Purpose: With the documented educational inequities that Indigenous children experience evidenced by disproportionate representation in special education and lower graduation rates, there is a need to better understand the backgrounds, training, professional perspectives, and clinical practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serving this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a survey with SLPs from the Mountain West and High Plains region of the United States who serve Indigenous children to understand current patterns and to inform practices that SLPs can apply in addressing educational inequities.Method: SLPs from the Mountain West and High Plains completed an online survey that gathered information about background, training, professional perspectives, and clinical practices.Results: Three hundred thirty-three SLPs completed the survey. Results revealed that respondents, for the most part, understood educational disparities that Indigenous children experience, and they valued Indigenous dialects of English and Indigenous languages. Patterns in practice revealed strong reliance on standardized measures for assessment and a small percentage of respondents using bidialectal or narrative-based strategies.Conclusions: Very few respondents had training on serving Indigenous children and families, yet they had overall awareness of educational disparities experienced by this group. Respondents reported challenges with developing relationships and overcoming access barriers. Their clinical practices were not as tailored to the language and learning needs of Indigenous children, especially when compared to practices recommended in two recent scoping reviews. The Indigenous Connectedness Framework, the abundance model, and Indigenous pedagogies are presented as ways to initiate change and meaningful engagement with Indigenous families and communities.Supplemental Material S1. Survey questions.Guiberson, M., & Ferris, K. (2023) Speech-language pathologists’ preparation, practices, and perspectives on serving: Indigenous families and children. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 32(6), 2858–2870. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00105
A New Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for Directly Solving the Hamilton-Jacobi Equations
Creators: name: Cheng, Yingda
name: Wang, Zixuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we improve upon the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation with convex Hamiltonians in (Y. Cheng and C.-W. Shu, J. Comput. Phys. 223:398-415,2007) and develop a new DG method for directly solving the general HJ equations. The new method avoids the reconstruction of the solution across elements by utilizing the Roe speed at the cell interface. Besides, we propose an entropy fix by adding penalty terms proportional to the jump of the normal derivative of the numerical solution. The particular form of the entropy fix was inspired by the Harten and Hyman's entropy fix (A. Harten and J. M. Hyman. J. Comput. Phys. 50(2):235-269, 1983) for Roe scheme for the conservation laws. The resulting scheme is compact, simple to implement even on unstructured meshes, and is demonstrated to work for nonconvex Hamiltonians. Benchmark numerical experiments in one dimension and two dimensions are provided to validate the performance of the method.
Designing Meaningful Developmental Reform Packet
Creators: name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Stacey, Georgia West
name: Hodara, Michelle
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In the United States, 60 percent of recent high school graduates enter community college already behind. These students are required to take remedial or developmental education courses before enrolling in college-level courses; in some cases, students are referred to two, three, or even four semesters of developmental education. However, recent evidence suggests that this system is not as effective as colleges might hope. While the annual cost of providing remediation to community college students nationwide has been estimated at more than $2 billion, many developmental education students never successfully progress to and through college-level courses. Designing Meaningful Developmental Reform summarizes the issues and concerns underlying each pair of opposing forces, lays out relevant data, and presents a case study for each tension illustrating how a community college has worked to reconcile that particular tension. By addressing each of these tensions, this review seeks to help colleges embark on a fruitful and effective process of reform. It can serve as a conversation starter and guide, allowing administrators and faculty to speak candidly with one another in a context that allows those involved to bring their concerns out into the open and work through them together. Once these conversations happen, colleges can develop strategies for developmental reform that are embraced by stakeholders at all levels of the community college system.
Elliptic theory of differential edge operators, II: boundary value problems
Creators: name: Mazzeo, Rafe
name: Vertman, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is a continuation of the first author's development of the theory of elliptic differential operators with edge degeneracies. That first paper treated basic mapping theory, focusing on semi-Fredholm properties on weighted Sobolev and Hölder spaces and regularity in the form of asymptotic expansions of solutions. The present paper builds on this through the formulation of boundary conditions and the construction of parametrices for the associated boundary problems. As before, the emphasis is on the geometric microlocal structure of the Schwartz kernels of parametrices and generalized inverses.
description: 45 pages, 3 figures
A Tale of Three Hoaxes: When Literature Offends the Law
Creators: name: Manning, Molly Guptill
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Truthfulness and falsehood in literature
subject: Law and art
subject: Arts--Law and legislation
subject: Literature
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Literary hoaxes have taken many different appearances, and their ability to continue to evade early detection by publishing houses, readers and reviewers adds to their mischievousness and the intrigue surrounding them.  Typically, hoax literature provides a compelling narrative that lures readers into valuing the words being read because they are supposed to be true.  Consequently, once the hoax is revealed for what it is, readers often experience strong feelings of disappointment, anger and embarrassment for having been tricked; some are even amused for having been played the fool.  Countless times, the book industry has been brought under fire for not catching a hoax before a book is released for public consumption and allowed to ravage unsuspecting readers.  Despite cries for reform, few changes have been made and publishing companies have increasingly been hailed into court for resolution of disputes arising from these literary capers.  In fact, over the last century, hoaxes have spawned congressional hearings, lawsuits and even criminal prosecution, yet they show no sign of slowing and, if anything, have only grown more prevalent. This article examines the tradition of the literary hoax, and then focuses on three unique examples that resulted in court intervention.  Part I provides a brief history of literary hoaxes and samples the many guises they have taken over the years.  Parts II, III and IV provide detailed accounts of the hoaxes perpetrated by Arthur Train, Clifford Irving and James Frey, respectively, and explore how Train got away with his mischief, Irving ended up behind bars, and Frey and his publisher became entangled in a class action lawsuit and a multimillion dollar judgment.  Part V attempts to reconcile the differing outcomes for Train, Irving and Frey.  As there is a dearth of case law clarifying what acts might result in civil liability, an examination of past hoaxes and their resulting litigation lends some lucidity as to what acts might result in imprisonment, monetary damages and public acquittal for one’s literary sins.
Induced magneto-transport properties at palladium/yttrium iron garnet interface
Creators: name: Lin, Tao
name: Tang, Chi
name: Shi, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a thin layer of palladium (Pd) is directly deposited on an yttrium iron garnet or YIG (Y3Fe5O12) magnetic insulator film, Pd develops both low- and high-field magneto-transport effects that are absent in standalone Pd or thick Pd on YIG. While the low-field magnetoresistance peak of Pd tracks the coercive field of the YIG film, the much larger high-field magnetoresistance and the Hall effect do not show any obvious relationship with the bulk YIG magnetization. The distinct high-field magneto-transport effects in Pd are shown to be caused by interfacial local moments in Pd.
Additional file 1 of Incorporating movement breaks into primary school classrooms; a mixed methods approach to explore the perceptions of pupils, staff and governors
Creators: name: Chorlton, Rebecca A.
name: Williams, Craig A.
name: Denford, Sarah
name: Bond, Bert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire – Example questions.
Redesigning the Pell Grant Program for the Twenty-First Century
Creators: name: Baum, Sandy
name: Scott-Clayton, Judith E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Since its inception in 1972, the Pell Grant program has expanded dramatically in size and scope. With 9.4 million individuals receiving $35 billion in funds in 2011–12 for programs ranging from short-term certificates in automotive technology to four year degrees in art history, the program is the federal government’s flagship effort to develop both general human capital and specific workforce skills. Yet the structure of the program—a one-size-fits-all voucher originally designed for recent high school graduates from poor families—has remained fundamentally unchanged. In the face of growing concerns about the sustainability of current funding, as well as increasing frustration with low rates of degree completion, we argue that the time has come to comprehensively redesign the Pell program to fit the needs of a twenty-first-century economy and student population.
To accomplish this, we propose three major structural reforms. First, we propose to augment the Pell program’s financial support with tailored guidance and support services that have been shown to improve academic and/or labor-market success, including separately tailored services for the distinctive circumstances of dependent and independent recipients. Second, we propose to dramatically simplify the eligibility and application process to ensure that the program reaches those who need it most, again tailoring the simplification to the distinctive circumstances of dependent and independent students. Finally, we propose several modifications to strengthen incentives for student effort and timely completion, without leading the program away from its core need-based (not merit-based) mission.
Taken together, the reforms that we propose would for the first time make Pell a true program, and not just a grant, thus inducing its beneficiaries to become full participants, and not just recipients. Although our proposed reforms are substantial, the existing structures for processing and delivering Pell Grants would continue to be relevant, and the goals of Pell supporters and beneficiaries would be furthered. Finally, while significant congressional action would be required in order to implement our proposal, these reforms would not substantially increase the cost of the program, and we believe they are structurally and politically feasible.
Error Performance Analysis of DF and AF Multi-way Relay Networks with BPSK Modulation
Creators: name: Islam, Shama N.
name: Sadeghi, Parastoo
name: Durrani, Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A05

description: In this paper, we analyze the error performance of decode and forward (DF) and amplify and forward (AF) multi-way relay networks (MWRN). We consider a MWRN with pair-wise data exchange protocol using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. We quantify the possible error events in an $L$-user DF or AF MWRN and derive accurate asymptotic bounds on the probability for the general case that a user incorrectly decodes the messages of exactly $k$ ($k\in[1,L-1]$) users. We show that at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the higher order error events ($k\geq 3$) are less probable in AF MWRN, but all error events are equally probable in a DF MWRN. We derive the average BER of a user in a DF or AF MWRN in both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels under high SNR conditions. Simulation results validate the correctness of the derived expressions. Our results show that at medium to high SNR, DF MWRN provides better error performance than AF MWRN in AWGN channels even with a large number of users (for example, L=100). Whereas, AF MWRN outperforms DF MWRN in Rayleigh fading channels even for much smaller number of users (for example, $L > 10$).
description: accepted in IET Communications
The WIRCam Deep Survey II: Mass Selected Clustering
Creators: name: Bielby, R. M.
name: Gonzalez-Perez, V.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Hudelot, P.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Willott, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the clustering of galaxies from z ~ 2 to the present day using the WIRCam Deep Survey (WIRDS). WIRDS combines deep near-infrared data with the deep optical data from the CFHTLS Deep fields, providing a photometric data-set over an effective area of 2.4 sq. deg., from which accurate photometric redshifts and stellar masses can be estimated. We use the data to calculate the angular correlation function for galaxy samples split by star-formation activity, stellar mass and redshift. We estimate the real-space clustering for each sample, determining clustering lengths and power-law slopes. For galaxies selected by constant mass, we find that the clustering scale shows no evolution up to z ~ 2. Splitting the galaxy sample by mass, we see that higher mass galaxies have larger clustering scales at all redshifts. We use our results to test the GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model and find the two are consistent. We split the galaxy population into passive and star-forming populations and find that the passive galaxy population shows a significantly larger clustering scale at all redshifts than the star-forming population below masses of ~$10^{11}M_\odot/h$, showing that even at z ~ 2 passive galaxies exist in denser environments than the bulk of the star-forming galaxy population. For star-forming galaxies with stellar masses $>10^{11}M_\odot/h$, we find a clustering strength of ~8Mpc/h across all redshifts, comparable to the measurements for the passive population. Also, for star-forming galaxies we see that clustering strength increases for higher stellar mass systems, however there is little sign of a mass dependence in passive galaxies. Finally, we investigate the connection between galaxy stellar mass and dark matter halo mass, showing a clear correlation between the two in both the WIRDS data and the GALFORM predictions.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A
Additional file 5 of Implementing tuberculosis patient cost surveys in resource-constrained settings: lessons from Tanzania
Creators: name: Kilale, Andrew Martin
name: Makasi, Charles
name: Majaha, Melkisedeck
name: Manga, Chacha Dionis
name: Haule, Sylvia
name: Hilary, Pudensiana
name: Kimbute, Omari
name: Kitua, Stephen
name: Jani, Bhavin
name: Range, Nyagosya
name: Ngowi, Bernard
name: Nkiligi, Emmanuel
name: Matechi, Emmanuel
name: Muhandiki, Wilbard
name: Mahamba, Vishnu
name: Mutayoba, Beatrice
name: Ershova, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Team number one.
The effect of episodic accretion on the phase transition of CO and CO_2 in low-mass star formation
Creators: name: Vorobyov, Eduard I.
name: Baraffe, I.
name: Harries, T.
name: Chabrier, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evaporation and condensation of CO and CO_2 during the embedded stages of low-mass star formation by using numerical simulations. We focus on the effect of luminosity bursts, similar in magnitude to FUors and EXors, on the gas-phase abundance of CO and CO_2 in the protostellar disk and infalling envelope. The evolution of a young protostar and its environment is followed based on hydrodynamical models using the thin-disk approximation, coupled with a stellar evolution code and phase transformations of CO and CO_2. The accretion and associated luminosity bursts in our model are caused by disk gravitational fragmentation followed by quick migration of the fragments onto the forming protostar. We found that bursts with luminosity on the order of 100-200 L_sun can evaporate CO ices in part of the envelope. The typical freeze-out time of the gas-phase CO onto dust grains in the envelope (a few kyr) is much longer than the burst duration (100-200 yr). This results in an increased abundance of the gas-phase CO in the envelope long after the system has returned into a quiescent stage. In contrast, luminosity bursts can evaporate CO_2 ices only in the disk, where the freeze-out time of the gas-phase CO_2 is comparable to the burst duration. We thus confirm that luminosity bursts can leave long-lasting traces in the abundance of gas-phase CO in the infalling envelope, enabling the detection of recent bursts as suggested by previous semi-analytical studies.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Die Unmöglichkeit der Emanzipation der Juden im christlichen Staate; 1842
title: als Entgegnung historisch nachgewiesen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Fränkel, Wolfgang B.
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2017

description: Zwischentitelblatt mit Titel: Historische Beweise für die Unmöglichkeit der Emanzipation der Juden
Downstream Alteration of Copyrighted Works in a World of Licensed, Digital Distribution
Creators: name: Chan, Grace K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Licensed products
subject: Digital electronics
subject: Digital media
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The prospect of downstream alteration raises questions about the appropriate scope of licensing terms, the objectives of copyright law and even the meaning of art.  It provides an impetus to tackle these questions by concretizing what was once but a thought experiment.  Part I introduces the notion of copy ownership and contrasts it with the increasingly popular method of licensing copyrighted works.  Part II argues that downstream alteration of a copyrighted work through the use of software-like updates impermissibly expands authorial control.  Finally, Part III briefly outlines several ways in which licensing terms that purport to allow the copyright holder to make downstream changes to a copyrighted work can be limited.
All optical Amplification in Metallic Subwavelength Linear Waveguides
Creators: name: Khomeriki, Ramaz
name: Leon, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proposed all optical amplification scenario is based on the properties of light propagation in two coupled subwavelength metallic slab waveguides where for particular choice of waveguide parameters two propagating (symmetric) and non-propagating (antisymmetric) eigenmodes coexist. For such a setup incident beams realize boundary conditions for forming a stationary state as a superposition of mentioned eigenmodes. It is shown both analytically and numerically that amplification rate in this completely linear mechanism diverges for small signal values.
description: 5 pages 2 figures
Fair Trade Copyright
Creators: name: Helman, Lital
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Competition, Unfair
subject: Digital media
subject: Music trade
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Digital media has challenged copyright law in the past decades.  The ease with which digital files can be copied and disseminated has amplified copyright infringement and jeopardized the profitability of copyright-based industries around the globe. In this article I propose a solution:  to complement the copyright system with a Fair Trade Copyright system.  The Fair Trade Copyright system, which would apply optimally in the realm of the music industry, would encourage users to donate to recording artists on digital platforms and distribute the donations to artists. The implementation of my proposal will yield several improvements over the current system.  First, it would enlarge the pie of revenues that flow into the music industry.  Second, it would compensate recording artists, who are under-protected in the current regime, and augment their incentives to create.  Third, this model would monetize illegal music consumption, and would achieve this at a relatively low cost and without harming law-enforcement efforts.  Fourth, and finally, the model would potentially change the power balance within the music industry in favor of artists instead of intermediaries.
Long time-scale variability of X-ray binaries with late type giant companions
Creators: name: Filippova, E.
name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Parkin, E. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose and examine a physical mechanism which can lead to the generation of noise in the mass accretion rate of low mass X-ray binaries on time-scales comparable to the orbital period of the system. We consider modulations of mass captured by the compact object from the companion star's stellar wind in binaries with late type giants, systems which usually have long orbital periods. We show that a hydrodynamical interaction of the wind matter within a binary system even without eccentricity results in variability of the mass accretion rate with characteristic time-scales close to the orbital period. The cause of the variability is an undeveloped turbulent motion (perturbed motion without significant vorticity) of wind matter near the compact object. Our conclusions are supported by 3D simulations with two different hydrodynamic codes based on Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches -- the SPH code GADGET and the Eulerian code PLUTO. In this work we assume that the wind mass loss rate of the secondary is at the level of $(0.5-1)\times10^{-7} M_\odot$/year, required to produce observable variations of the mass accretion rate on the primary. This value is higher than that, estimated for single giant stars of this type, but examples of even higher mass loss rate of late type giants in binaries do exist. Our simulations show that the stellar wind matter intercepted by the compact object might create observational appearances similar to that of an accretion disc corona/wind and could be detected via high energy resolution observations of X-ray absorption lines, in particular, highly ionized ions of heavy elements.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Perception of racism among BIPOC graduate students (Ebert & Williams, 2023)
Creators: name: Ebert, Kerry Danahy
name: Williams, Liliana
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420110
subject: Speech pathology
classificationCode: 420102
subject: Audiology
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: Purpose: Audiology (AUD) and speech-language pathology (SLP) are White-dominated fields that operate within racist systems. Systemic racism has profoundly negative impacts on students and professionals who identify as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). This study explored the perceptions and experiences of systemic racism in BIPOC AUD and SLP graduate students as a means to promote antiracism efforts in the fields.Method: A national web-based survey was used to collect information from 46 graduate students. The survey included quantitative questions about systemic racism in the AUD and SLP fields as well as open-ended questions regarding the personal, professional, and client-related impacts of racism. Analyses aimed to characterize patterns first within the overall BIPOC sample and then within three disaggregated racial–ethnic groups (Asian, Black, and Latino/a) to characterize potential differences within the heterogeneous BIPOC category.Results: On quantitative questions, a substantial majority of BIPOC students selected options consistent with perceptions of systemic racism and White privilege. Qualitative questions yielded several themes related to the personal, professional, and client-related impacts of systemic racism from the perspective of BIPOC students, including reduced access to educational opportunities as well as clinical services, experiences with appearance-based discrimination as well as overt racism, and persistent underrepresentation with accompanying feelings of otherness. Disaggregation of responses suggested some differences in response patterns across racial–ethnic groups, which may warrant further investigation.Conclusions: The perspectives of AUD and SLP graduate students reinforce other reports of systemic racism in the fields. Multiple actions are warranted to instigate systemic change that supports graduate students, professionals, and clients of color.Supplemental Material S1. Survey questions.Ebert, K. D., & Williams, L. (2023). Perceptions of racism among graduate students of color in audiology and speech-language pathology. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 32(6), 2982–2998. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00163
Museum Strategies: Leasing Antiquities
Creators: name: Beltrametti, Silvia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Lease and rental services
subject: Cultural property
subject: Antiquities
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: International trade

description: This is the first attempt to study leasing in the context of the international trade in cultural artifacts.  This Article advances a heated debate in the field of cultural heritage law, which centers on whether cultural artifacts of ancient civilizations should belong to the modern nation states from which they are excavated or to humankind in general, by proposing an alternative analytic framework based on leasing.  This framework would make it possible for objects to circulate but at the same time stay under the ownership and jurisdiction of their respective source countries.
Modelling the spatial shape of nondiffracting beams: Experimental generation of Frozen Waves via computer generated holograms
Creators: name: Vieira, Tárcio A.
name: Zamboni-Rached, Michel
name: Gesualdi, Marcos R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we implement experimentally the spatial shape modelling of nondiffracting optical beams via computer generated holograms. The results reported here are the experimental confirmation of the so called Frozen Wave method, developed few years ago. Optical beams of this type can possess potential applications in optical tweezers, medicine, atom guiding, remote sensing, etc..
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Education policies in England: exploring the relationship between the focus on attainment/achievement in the school-environment and adolescents’ mental health
Creators: name: Di Emidio, Danilo
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2023
Subjects: Adolescence
Mental Health
well-being
Subjectivity

description: This study investigated the influence of the secondary school-environment on adolescent mental health (MH). Late adolescents (16-18-years-old) experience multiple contributors to their MH, particularly the pressure of high-stakes examinations engendering an emotionally charged, performance-based learning environment. These pressures. associated with transitioning and the greater responsibility for the future, reflect prevailing neoliberal values of competition, responsibilization and individualism. I studied the school-environment using a Critical Theory approach and ethnographic and participatory methods. Student-participants from a sixth-form college co-researched the study topic alongside teachers, parents and college-leaders. In this way, different ‘roles’ and lived experiences came together in a democratic platform to critically explore the relationship between education and MH. The study shows that late adolescents are grappling with introspection (e.g., self-esteem, self-doubt) and therefore managing different layers of recognition which include an ‘intimate estrangement’ that influence their well-being, their subjectivity, and MH. Subjectivity, and modes of subjectivation, helped explain a complex relationship with the self, revealing the influence of compulsory education environments on MH. Co-produced findings provided reflexive opportunities for participants to reconsider their status as service-users and stakeholders in school and mitigate a pervasive sense of ‘crisis’ through participatory action for change. The study’s findings can help policymakers to: (i) inform education policy for more precise definitions and inclusive approaches to define MH; (ii) monitor how schools and colleges engage with young people’s MH in the face of school environment and policy demands; (iii) assess through participatory consultations how students perceive MH related policy to adjust in implementation. The impact of educational policy on MH is critical as policy is often ideological and polyvalent and intersects with educational life during adolescents’ transition to adulthood. Policies constitute modalities of being (subjectivities) by imagining the ‘good life’ for all; they should thus also recognise students as stakeholders to be involved in their development, as people able to make authentic choices and hold critical views about educational success and failure.
Additional file 2 of Incorporating movement breaks into primary school classrooms; a mixed methods approach to explore the perceptions of pupils, staff and governors
Creators: name: Chorlton, Rebecca A.
name: Williams, Craig A.
name: Denford, Sarah
name: Bond, Bert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Supporting comments from the pupil focus groups.
Abandoning the Use of Abstract Formulations in Interpreting RLUIPA’s Substantial Burden Provision in Religious Land Use Cases
Creators: name: Bernstein, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Real property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Note argues that the circuits’ use of vague formulations in interpreting RLUIPA is overly restrictive and that an alternative multifactor approach—one that considers both the manner in which the state implements its law and the manner in which the church experiences the burden—would provide a more practical, workable paradigm for courts to employ in the future in resolving actual historic preservation and land use disputes.  That is, this Note suggests that it is the circuits’ very reliance on talismanic formulations that is problematic because RLUIPA’s substantial burden provision, particularly in the land use context, does not lend itself to the kind of bright-line definitions that the circuits have developed.  The solution is not to choose among the circuits’ formulations but to chart a new approach entirely.  To clear some underbrush, Part I introduces the structure and text of RLUIPA and outlines the colorful legislative history of the statute.  This Part sketches the roughly ten-year prelude to RLUIPA, which commenced with the Supreme Court’s landmark free exercise decision in Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith and climaxed with a constitutional waltz between Congress and the Court.  Part II provides an in-depth examination and critique of regnant approaches to interpreting RLUIPA’s substantial burden provision.  It argues that the various formulations relied on by the circuits, though derived through different means, are problematic in that they do not provide a workable framework for courts to use in deciding actual disputes.  Part III first proposes an alternative multifactor framework that courts can employ to resolve real RLUIPA controversies.  It then illustrates the utility of this analytical approach by applying it to the case of the Third Church.
Additional file 10 of Improving the use of focus group discussions in low income settings
Creators: name: Scheelbeek, Pauline F. D.
name: Yashua A. Hamza
name: Schellenberg, Joanna
name: Zelee Hill
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 10.
Spin injection and detection in lanthanum- and niobium-doped SrTiO3 using the Hanle technique
Creators: name: Han, Wei
name: Jiang, Xin
name: Kajdos, Adam
name: Yang, See-Hun
name: Stemmer, Susanne
name: Parkin, Stuart S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been much interest in the injection and detection of spin polarized carriers in semiconductors for the purposes of developing novel spintronic devices. Here we report the electrical injection and detection of spin-polarized carriers into Nb-doped strontium titanate (STO) single crystals and La-doped STO epitaxial thin films using MgO tunnel barriers and the three-terminal Hanle technique. Spin lifetimes of up to ~100 ps are measured at room temperature and vary little as the temperature is decreased to low temperatures. However, the mobility of the STO has a strong temperature dependence. This behavior and the carrier doping dependence of the spin lifetime suggest that the spin lifetime is limited by spin-dependent scattering at the MgO/STO interfaces, perhaps related to the formation of doping induced Ti3+. Our results reveal a severe limitation of the three-terminal Hanle technique for measuring spin lifetimes within the interior of the subject material.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures