cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cycloaddition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds Possessing High Energy Content
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Detailed structure and kinetic analyses of the photocycloaddition of alkanones to (a) α,β-unsaturated nitriles and (b) enol ethers have been performed. The excited singlet states of alkanones were found to add stereospecifically and regiospecifically to 3-unsaturated nitriles. Alkanone triplets do not add to unsaturated nitriles but instead transfer triplet excitation (at the diffusion controlled rate) and thereby sensitize dimerization and cis-trans isomerization of the nitrile. Even when all the alkanone singlets are quenched by a ground state nitrile, oxetane formation is relatively inefficient. The possibility is put forward that singlet exciplex of alkanone and nitrile is formed directly, but then dissociates (undergoes internal conversion) about ten times faster than it collapses to oxetane. In contrast, both S1 and T1 of alkanones add to enol ethers and effect both oxetane formation and cis-trans isomerization. Evidence is produced in support of singlet and triplet biradicals as intermediates to oxetanes. The possibility of a precursor to the biradicals is considered. Alkanone fluorescence quenching, by ethylenes known to form oxetanes, is used as a probe of the stereoelectronjc requirements of the quenching process and to study excited state conformations.
Implications of a 130 GeV Gamma-Ray Line for Dark Matter
Creators: name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent reports of a gamma-ray line feature at ~130 GeV in data from the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope have generated a great deal of interest in models in which dark matter particles annihilate with a sizable cross section to final states including photons. In this article, we take a model-independent approach, and discuss a number of possibilities for dark matter candidates which could potentially generate such a feature. While we identify several scenarios which could lead to such a gamma-ray line, these models are each fairly constrained. In particular, viable models require large couplings (g>1-3), and additional charged particles with masses in the range of approximately ~130-200 GeV. Furthermore, lower energy gamma-ray constraints from the Galactic Center force us to consider scenarios in which the dark matter annihilates in the early universe through velocity-suppressed processes, or to final states which yield relatively few gamma-rays (such as electrons, muons or neutrinos). An exception to these conclusions can be found in models in which the dark matter annihilates to heavy intermediate states which decay to photons to generate a line-like gamma-ray spectrum.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Sada Cowan
Creators: name: Bajar, Daniela
name: Bloom, Livia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: “He told me I’d better make my living with my brains [rather] than any beauty I thought I had,” writes Sada Louise Cowan in 1932, remembering her first interview with Cecil B. DeMille. An established playwright, Cowan had little experience with motion picture work. So when DeMille gave Cowan a studio pass, she started to visit the set regularly. “I made myself a complete nuisance,” she says, recalling that she learned about angles by standing behind the cameraman and asking the cutter millions of questions. It was Ruby Miller, supervisor of the “girls who copied scripts,” who helped her by showing her the best continuities, until one day on the set DeMille barked, “Tell that girl with the Japanese name to come over here.” He gave her a chance to work on the continuity of Why Change Your Wife? (1920) on which she is credited with the more experienced Olga Printzlau and William deMille. She began at twenty-five dollars a week, and director DeMille demolished her work, berating her as a failed writer whom he didn’t expect to succeed. Then, she goes on, one night after he had been so hard on her that she was left “limp and exhausted,” he apologized by raising her salary to sixty dollars a week. Cowan never thought of herself as part of the Famous Players-Lasky scenario department that included top writers Jeanie Macpherson, Clara Beranger, and Beulah Marie Dix. She explains in 1932 that even if she had a twenty-one week contract there, she still worked freelance (8). In Hollywood, however, it was well known that Cowan eventually became one of the highest paid writers for Cecil B. DeMille, as the Los Angeles Times reported in 1939 (A11).
Design and synthesis of a photocleavable biotinylated nucleotide for DNA analysis by mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Bai, Xiaopeng
name: Kim, Sobin
name: Li, Zengmin
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Ju, Jingyue
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: We report here the design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel photocleavable (PC) biotinylated nucleotide analog, dUTP‐PC‐Biotin, for DNA polymerase extension reaction to isolate DNA products for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. This nucleotide analog has a biotin moiety attached to the 5‐position of 2′‐deoxyribouridine 5′‐triphosphate via a photocleavable 2‐nitrobenzyl linker. We have demonstrated that dUTP‐PC‐Biotin can be faithfully incorporated by the DNA polymerase Thermo Sequenase into the growing DNA strand in a DNA polymerase extension reaction and that its incorporation does not hinder the addition of the subsequent nucleotide. Therefore, the DNA extension fragments generated by using the dUTP‐PC‐Biotin can be efficiently isolated by a streptavidin‐coated surface and recovered by near‐UV light irradiation at room temperature in mild condition for further analysis without using any chemicals or heat. Single and multiple primer extension reactions were performed using the dUTP‐PC‐Biotin to generate DNA products for MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Such nucleotide analogs that carry a biotin and a photocleavable linker will allow the isolation and purification of DNA products under mild conditions for MS‐based genetic analysis by DNA sequencing or multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. Furthermore, these nucleotide analogs should also be useful in isolating DNA–protein complexes under non‐denaturing conditions.
May Clark
Creators: name: Fletcher, Tony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: On March 14, 1907, Mabel Louise Clark married Norman Hughes Chaplin Whitton at St. Mary’s Church, Walton-on-Thames, England. She was twenty-one while he was twenty-four. Their professions were the same: they both called themselves “cinematographers,” which in her case may have meant any and all of the jobs listed in occupations above.
Role of delay in the mechanism of cluster formation
Creators: name: Singh, Aradhana
name: Jalan, Sarika
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of delay in phase synchronization and phenomena responsible for cluster formation in delayed coupled maps on various networks. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the presence of delay may change the mechanism of unit to unit interaction. At weak coupling values, same parity delays are associated with the same phenomenon of cluster formation and exhibit similar dynamical evolution. Intermediate coupling values yield rich delay-induced driven cluster patterns. A Lyapunov function analysis sheds light on the robustness of the driven clusters observed for delayed bipartite networks. Our results reveal that delay may lead to a completely different relation, between dynamical and structural clusters, than observed for the undelayed case.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figues, PRE Rapid Communication (in press)
Gas-Phase Quenching of Excitations as a Probe of Dynamics in Porous Silicas
Creators: name: Drake, J. M.
name: Levitz, P.
name: Klafter, J.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Nitsche, K. Stephen
name: Cassidy, Karen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The quenching of an electronically excited adsorbed molecule by gas-phase quenchers within the pore network of several porous silicas has been studied. It is proposed that the early-time quenching rate should scale with the mean pore size, Rp, for gas pressures in the Knudsen regime. We have experimentally observed such scaling in what we believe is the first study of these quenching reactions in a homologous series of morphologically similar porous silicas.
АНАЛИЗ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА И ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ ЗЕРНОВОГО СЫРЬЯ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПРОДУКТОВ ДЕТСКОГО ПИТАНИЯ
Creators: name: УРУБКОВ СЕРГЕЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ
name: ХОВАНСКАЯ СВЕТЛАНА СЕРГЕЕВНА
name: ДРЁМИНА НИНА ВЛАДИМИРОВНА
name: СМИРНОВ СТАНИСЛАВ ОЛЕГОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Пищевая промышленность
Year: 2018
Subjects: ДЕТИ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО И ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
ЗЕРНОВАЯ ОСНОВА
ПРОДУКЦИЯ ДЛЯ ДЕТСКОГО ПИТАНИЯ
СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОЕ ПИТАНИЕ

description: В данной статье представлен анализ расчетных данных химического состава и пищевой ценности зернового сырья с целью его дальнейшего использования в качестве основы при создании продукции для питания детей старше одного года, а также дошкольного и школьного возраста. Указана важность использования зерновых продуктов в концепции сбалансированного питания и влияния на развитие и рост детского организма. Подобранное сырье включает девять зерновых культур, семь из которых традиционно используются в качестве сырья при производстве продукции для детского питания, а также представлены такие перспективные культуры, как тритикале и амарант. Приводятся данные о составе зерна рассматриваемых культур с точки зрения содержания в нем основных компонентов пищи: белков, жиров и углеводов, витаминов, минеральных веществ, а также других биологически активных соединений. Проведен анализ аминокислотного состава, липидного комплекса, содержания витаминов, макро- и микроэлементов. Проведенный анализ расширяет наши представления о биологической ценности зернового сырья, дает направление для дальнейших исследований по разработке рационов питания, где необходимо стремиться к оптимальному составу нутриома детей, включать в его состав все группы продуктов учитывая разнообразие свойств их нутриентов. Зерно амаранта при использовании его в смеси с другими зерновыми культурами может стать ценным пищевым продуктом в составе нутриома детей, за счет взаимного обогащения нутриентов покрыть дефицит белковых и липидных компонентов и повысить биологическую и питательную ценность. Результатами дальнейших исследований станет разработка технологии производства продукции, не имеющей аналогов по своей биологической и питательной ценности, на основе комбинирования редко используемых видов зернового сырья с натуральными плодовыми, овощными и ягодными компонентами для детского питания.
Hot Carrier-Assisted Intrinsic Photoresponse in Graphene
Creators: name: Gabor, Nathaniel M.
name: Song, Justin C. W.
name: Ma, Qiong
name: Nair, Nityan L.
name: Taychatanapat, Thiti
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Levitov, Leonid S.
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is a new material showing high promise in optoelectronics, photonics, and energy-harvesting applications. However, the underlying physical mechanism of optoelectronic response has not been established. Here, we report on the intrinsic optoelectronic response of high-quality dual-gated monolayer and bilayer graphene p-n junction devices. Local laser excitation at the p-n interface leads to striking six-fold photovoltage patterns as a function of bottom- and top-gate voltages. These patterns, together with the measured spatial and density dependence of the photoresponse, provide strong evidence that non-local hot-carrier transport, rather than the photovoltaic effect, dominates the intrinsic photoresponse in graphene. This novel regime, which features a long-lived and spatially distributed hot carrier population, may open the doorway for optoelectronic technologies exploiting efficient energy transport at the nanoscale.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Haydée Chikly
Creators: name: Mejri, Ouissal
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: At the beginning of the twentieth century, women were still relegated to an inferior position in Tunisia. Women had no authority and could not give their opinion on issues that concerned the whole family. It was unacceptable for some parents to send their daughters to school. At the same time, women could not work in an office or elsewhere. Women had not yet removed the veil. Haydée Chikly, the first actress and screenwriter in Africa, lived in this context. “I do not want a quiet and easy life, I want to fight, strive and struggle” (Tamzali 1992, 11). That was the statement made by Chikly in 1918 when she was a little girl sitting on a terrace in Carthage, contemplating people going out for a walk on a Sunday and observing the routine activities performed by the girls of her generation. Haydée started her career when she was only sixteen. Not only was she a screenwriter and an actress, but she also cut and hand-colored films on occasion (Mansour 2000, 200). She played a part in building the history of Arabic and African cinema.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПО ОБОСНОВАНИЮ КОМПЛЕКСА ТРЕБОВАНИЙ К ОБЖАРЕННОМУ ЦИКОРИЮ И ВЫСУШЕННЫМ ЛИСТЬЯМ СТЕВИИ ПО ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИМ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИМ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМ
Creators: name: ЛОГВИНЧУК ТАТЬЯНА МАТВЕЕВНА
name: ДОБРОВОЛЬСКИЙ ВИКТОР ФРАНЦЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Пищевая промышленность
Year: 2018
Subjects: ВЫСУШЕННЫЕ ЛИСТЬЯ СТЕВИИ
ИНУЛИН
ОБЖАРЕННЫЙ ЦИКОРИЙ
ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ
СТЕВИОЛГЛИКОЗИДЫ

description: В статье представлены результаты исследований, направленных на формирование и обоснование требований к обжаренному цикорию и высушенным листьям стевии по органолептическим и физико-химическим показателям. Основным процессом, определяющим эффективность применения цикория при создании рецептурных композиций кофейных и чайных напитков в сочетании со стевией и другими видами фитосырья, является процесс обжаривания. При обжаривании формируются основные органолептические показатели цикория - насыщенный темно-коричневый цвет, приятный аромат и сладковатый с характерной горчинкой вкус, но при этом наблюдается потеря части биологически активных веществ, в том числе инулина. Так как именно инулин является основным компонентом цикория, участвующим в экспериментально-технологической цепи создания рецептурных композиций, один из этапов исследовательской работы был посвящен определению режимов обжаривания цикория, позволяющих максимально сохранить содержание этого ценного вещества. Для определения оптимальных параметров процесса было проведено несколько экспериментов по обжариванию сушеного цикория, при которых контролировалось количественное изменение содержания инулина. Определены параметры обжаривания цикория, позволяющие сохранить максимальное содержание инулина по отношению к сушеному цикорию. Сравнительные исследования результатов органолептической оценки образцов цикория, полученных при различных режимах обжаривания, показали, что максимальное значение содержания инулина совпадает с гармоничным вкусом обжаренного цикория. В качестве источника натуральных подсластителей были выбраны высушенные листья стевии. Результаты определения содержания стевиолгликозидов позволили обосновать требование к высушенным листьям стевии по данному показателю. Кроме определения основных веществ - инулина в обжаренном цикории и стевиолгликозидов в высушенных листьях стевии, проведены экспериментальные исследования по определению органолептических и других физико-химических показателей. Комплекс установленных требований может применяться для контроля и оценки качества основных видов сырья - обжаренного цикория и высушенных листьев стевии, участвующих в в технологическом процессе при изготовлении кофейных и чайных напитков.
Plugging Side-Channel Leaks with Timing Information Flow Control
Creators: name: Ford, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The cloud model's dependence on massive parallelism and resource sharing exacerbates the security challenge of timing side-channels. Timing Information Flow Control (TIFC) is a novel adaptation of IFC techniques that may offer a way to reason about, and ultimately control, the flow of sensitive information through systems via timing channels. With TIFC, objects such as files, messages, and processes carry not just content labels describing the ownership of the object's "bits," but also timing labels describing information contained in timing events affecting the object, such as process creation/termination or message reception. With two system design tools-deterministic execution and pacing queues-TIFC enables the construction of "timing-hardened" cloud infrastructure that permits statistical multiplexing, while aggregating and rate-limiting timing information leakage between hosted computations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The Mechanism of Addition of Diazo-alkanes to Cyclopropanones
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Gagosian, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The addition of diazo-alkanes to cyclopropanones yields cyclobutanones whose structures may be predicted on the basis of conformational regulation of the migrating carbon-carbon bond.
Additional file 2: of Invasion-related circular RNA circFNDC3B inhibits bladder cancer progression through the miR-1178-3p/G3BP2/SRC/FAK axis
Creators: name: Liu, Hongwei
name: Bi, Junming
name: Dong, Wei
name: Yang, Meihua
name: Shi, Juanyi
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Lin, Tianxin
name: Huang, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S1. circFNDC3B inhibits proliferation of BC cells. a and b qRT-PCR analysis for circFNDC3B and FNDC3B mRNA in UM-UC-3 cells treated with siRNAs or T24 cells transfected with circFNDC3B overexpression vector. c and d The effect of si-circFNDC3B on cell proliferation of UM-UC-3 cells was assessed by MTS and colony formation assays. e and f Assessment of cell proliferation of T24 cells transfected with circFNDC3B overexpression vector by MTS and colony formation assays. Data indicate means±SEM of three experiments. **P < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). Figure S2. circFNDC3B inhibits migration and invasion of BC cells. a and b The cell migratory and invasive capabilities were examined in UM-UC-3 cells treated with circFNDC3B siRNAs using wound healing assay, transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays. c and d The cell migratory and invasive abilities were assessed after T24 cells were transfected with circFNDC3B overexpression vector. a and c, scale bar,200 μm; b and d, scale bar, 100 μm. Data indicate means±SEM of three experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). Figure S3. The identification and confirmation of circFNDC3B-related downstream molecules in BC cells. a The sequence alignment of miR-1178-3p with circFNDC3B. The mutant bases are depicted in red. b and c qRT-PCR analysis of 8 cancer-related genes after transfection with circFNDC3B siRNAs in T24 and UM-UC-3 cells. d The sequence alignment of miR-1178-3p with 3’UTR of p21 (predicted by Targetscan). e The sequence alignment of miR-1178-3p with 5’UTR of G3BP2. The mutant bases are depicted in red. Data indicate means±SEM of three experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Student’s t-test). (PDF 13185 kb)
Modelling and control of the LLC resonant converter
Creators: name: Cheng, Brian Cheak Shing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: To achieve certain objectives and specifications such as output voltage regulation, any power electronics converter must be coupled with a feedback control system. Therefore, a topic of considerable interest is the design and implementation of control systems for the LLC resonant converter. Additionally, with the current trend of smaller, more cost effective and reliable digital signal processors, the implementation of digital feedback control systems has garnered plenty of interest from academia as well as industry. Therefore, the scope of this thesis is to develop a digital control algorithm for the LLC resonant converter. For output voltage regulation, the LLC resonant converter varies its switching frequency to manipulate the voltage gain observed at the output. Thus, the plant of the control system is represented by the small signal control-to-output transfer function, and is given by P(s) =V_o/f. The difficulty in designing compensators for the LLC resonant converter is the lack of known transfer functions which describe the dynamics of the control-to-output transfer function. Thus, the main contribution of this thesis is a novel derivation of the small signal control-to-output transfer function. The derivation model proposes that the inclusion of the third and fifth harmonic frequencies, in addition to the fundamental frequency, is required to fully capture the dynamics of the LLC resonant converter. Additionally, the effect of higher order sideband frequencies is also considered, and included in the model. In this thesis, a detailed analysis of the control-to-output transfer function is presented, and based on the results, a digital compensator was implemented in MATLAB. The compensator's functionality was then verified in simulation. A comparison of the derivation model and the prototype model (based on bench measurements) showed that the derivation model is a good approximation of the true system dynamics. It was therefore concluded that both the bench measurement model and the derivation model could be used to design a z-domain digital compensator for a digital negative feedback control system. By using the derivation model, the main advantages are reduced computational power and the requirement for a physical prototype model is diminished.
A Decomposition of Irreversible Diffusion Processes Without Detailed Balance
Creators: name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: As a generalization of deterministic, nonlinear conservative dynamical systems, a notion of {\em canonical conservative dynamics} with respect to a positive, differentiable stationary density $ρ(x)$ is introduced: $\dot{x}=j(x)$ in which $\nabla\cdot\big(ρ(x)j(x)\big)=0$. Such systems have a conserved "generalized free energy function" $F[u]$ $=$ $\int u(x,t)\ln\big(u(x,t)/ρ(x)\big)dx$ in phase space with a density flow $u(x,t)$ satisfying $\partial u_t =-\nabla\cdot(ju)$. Any general stochastic diffusion process without detailed balance, in terms of its Fokker-Planck equation, can be decomposed into a reversible diffusion process with detailed balance and a canonical conservative dynamics. This decomposition can be rigorously established in a function space with inner product defined as $\langleϕ,ψ\rangle=\intρ^{-1}(x)ϕ(x)ψ(x)dx$. Furthermore, a law for balancing $F[u]$ can be obtained: The non-positive $dF[u(x,t)]/dt$ $=$ $E_{in}(t)-e_p(t)$ where the "source" $E_{in}(t)\ge 0$ and the "sink" $e_p(t)\ge 0$ are known as house-keeping heat and entropy production, respectively. A reversible diffusion has $E_{in}(t)=0$. For a linear (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) diffusion process, our decomposition is equivalent to the previous approaches developed by R. Graham and P. Ao, as well as the theory of large deviations. In terms of two different formulations of time reversal for a same stochastic process, the meanings of {\em dissipative} and {\em conservative} stationary dynamics are discussed.
description: 15 pages, no figure
The First Observations of Low-Redshift Damped Lyman-α Systems with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph: Chemical Abundances and Affiliated Galaxies
Creators: name: Battisti, A. J.
name: Meiring, J. D.
name: Tripp, T. M.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Werk, J. K.
name: Jenkins, E. B.
name: Lehner, N.
name: Tumlinson, J.
name: Thom, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) measurements of metal abundances in eight 0.083
description: 23 pages, 14 Figures, Accepted by ApJ. Version 2 updated to match changes in published version
Variations in children's use of individuals' past accuracy
Creators: name: Brosseau-Liard, Patricia Élisabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Young children learn an abundance of information about the world from other people. Yet, people sometimes provide inaccurate or questionable information. Hence, when learning from others, it is advantageous to be selective and evaluate the likely accuracy of the information and its source. Previous research has shown that preschool-age children can attend to a variety of cues indicative of others’ knowledge and use those cues to guide their learning. Yet, just because children can use knowledge cues to guide their selective learning does not mean that they do so, or even should do so, in all circumstances. The present research assessed children's understanding of whether these cues predict a person’s future knowledge of different types of information by examining variations in children’s use of an individual's past accuracy depending on the type of information being learned. Experiments 1 to 3 demonstrated that 4-year-olds generalized past accuracy in a savvy way, using it to moderate their learning across different types of objective information but abstaining from generalizing to situations involving subjective information. In contrast, 3-year-olds (Experiments 1-2) used past accuracy narrowly, failing to generalize an individual’s past accuracy in one area of knowledge to situations that involved learning in another area of knowledge. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether children ages 4 to 7 understand that past accuracy demonstrated with generalizable, or category-level, information is a useful predictor of other generalizable knowledge but not of idiosyncratic, or instance-specific, knowledge. Children used an individual’s past accuracy to decide whether or not to learn generalizable information from that individual or from a different source, but wisely disregarded past accuracy when learning idiosyncratic information. Experiments 6 and 7 further demonstrated that 4- and 5-year-olds are more likely to use past accuracy when learning generalizable than idiosyncratic information and appropriately use others’ information access to predict their idiosyncratic knowledge. Overall, this research demonstrates that preschool- and early-school-age children possess a nuanced understanding of the predictive value of knowledge cues for different types of knowledge. The implications of these results for children’s developing understanding of the mind and other aspects of social cognition are discussed.
Strong Resilience of Topological Codes to Depolarization
Creators: name: Bombin, H.
name: Andrist, Ruben S.
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inevitable presence of decoherence effects in systems suitable for quantum computation necessitates effective error-correction schemes to protect information from noise. We compute the stability of the toric code to depolarization by mapping the quantum problem onto a classical disordered eight-vertex Ising model. By studying the stability of the related ferromagnetic phase both via large-scale Monte Carlo simulations and via the duality method, we are able to demonstrate an increased error threshold of 18.9(3)% when noise correlations are taken into account. Remarkably, this agrees within error bars with the result for a different class of codes-topological color codes-where the mapping yields interesting new types of interacting eight-vertex models.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table - see Physics Viewpoint by D. Gottesman [http://physics.aps.org/articles/v5/50]
Strain-induced Evolution of Electronic Band Structures in a Twisted Graphene Bilayer
Creators: name: Yan, Wei
name: He, Wen-Yu
name: Chu, Zhao-Dong
name: Liu, Mengxi
name: Meng, Lan
name: Dou, Rui-Fen
name: Zhang, Yanfeng
name: Liu, Zhongfan
name: Nie, Jia-Cai
name: He, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study the evolution of local electronic properties of a twisted graphene bilayer induced by a strain and a high curvature. The strain and curvature strongly affect the local band structures of the twisted graphene bilayer; the energy difference of the two low-energy van Hove singularities decreases with increasing the lattice deformations and the states condensed into well-defined pseudo-Landau levels, which mimic the quantization of massive Dirac fermions in a magnetic field of about 100 T, along a graphene wrinkle. The joint effect of strain and out-of-plane distortion in the graphene wrinkle also results in a valley polarization with a significant gap, i.e., the eight-fold degenerate Landau level at the charge neutrality point is splitted into two four-fold degenerate quartets polarized on each layer. These results suggest that strained graphene bilayer could be an ideal platform to realize the high-temperature zero-field quantum valley Hall effect.
description: 4 figures
Josephine Clement
Creators: name: Abel, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Nothing is known of Josephine Clement (usually called Mrs. Edward Clement in the trade press) before the summer of 1909, when she is mentioned as managing the Bijou Theatre in downtown Boston (on the corner of Washington and Tremont) for the Keith theater circuit. Nor is anything known after she left her position in early 1914. During that period of nearly five years, however, she exerted a good deal of influence in the exhibition sector of the film industry. Along with the much better known S. L. (Roxy) Rothapfel, Clement established a model of the “artistic and wholesome” moving picture theater that was thought to appeal to a “refined” clientele. By late 1910, according to “a handsomely printed booklet describing its aims” and amenities (a reception room where a maid looked “to the comfort of ladies and children”; a “men’s smoking room”), the Bijou ran five daily shows of two and a half hours each, with programs comprised of several MPPC moving pictures, a one-act play, vocal and instrumental music (not illustrated songs), and “camera chats” using lantern slides and “stereoptican views.” This was a “high-class” variety program that had its supporters in the pages of the Moving Picture World and New York Dramatic Mirror and that Clement herself promoted as late as November 1912 in an address to the Massachusetts State Conference of Charities, and which subsequently was published in Motography. Why Clement “severed her connection” with the Bijou and was replaced by J.W. Craig in February 1914 remains uncertain, but a likely reason may be the Keith theaters’ decision to return to offering vaudeville acts as their principal entertainment in the face of the growing number of metropolitan palace cinemas and their programs organized around feature-length films.
Density estimates for solutions to one dimensional Backward SDE's
Creators: name: Aboura, Omar
name: Bourguin, Solesne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we derive sufficient conditions for each component of the solution to a general backward stochastic differential equation to have a density for which upper and lower Gaussian estimates can be obtained.
Stereoselective E/Z photoisomerization of oxazolidinone functionalized enecarbamates: direct and triplet sensitized irradiation
Creators: name: Saito, Hideaki
name: Sivaguru, Jayaraman
name: Jockusch, Steffen
name: Inoue, Yoshihisa
name: Adam, Waldemar
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Oxazolidinone-functionalized enecarbamates undergo diastereoselective E/Z photoisomerization upon direct and triplet sensitized irradiations with chiral/achiral sensitizers, showing that the enhanced product diastereoselectivity depends on the solvent and temperature.
Lenore Coffee
Creators: name: Blaetz, Robin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Lenore Coffee was a screenwriter in Hollywood from the late silent period through the end of the studio system. Although she wrote original stories, titles, and scenarios and was known for her adaptations of popular women’s fiction, she specialized in repairing the work of others. As a writer called upon to correct and reformulate the work of such well-known figures as Cecil B. DeMille and Irving Thalberg, her often unacknowledged and remarkably long-lived voice is worth examining more closely.
Demographic noise can lead to the spontaneous formation of species
Creators: name: Rogers, Tim
name: McKane, Alan J.
name: Rossberg, Axel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a collection of phenotypically diverse organisms compete with each other for limited resources, with competition being strongest amongst the most similar, the population can evolve into tightly localised clusters. This process can be thought of as a simple model of the emergence of species. Past studies have neglected the effects of demographic noise and studied the population on a macroscopic scale, where species formation is found to depend upon the shape of the curve describing the decline of competition strength with phenotypic distance. In the following, we will show how including the effects of demographic noise leads to a radically different conclusion. Two situations are identified: a weak-noise regime in which the population exhibits patterns of fluctuation around the macroscopic description, and a strong-noise regime where species appear spontaneously even in the case that all organisms have equal fitness.
Mrs. George Randolph Chester
Creators: name: Lane, Christina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: For Lillian Chester, who wrote under the name Mrs. George Randolph Chester, the experience of “collaboration” guided not only her encounter with the Hollywood industry, but almost every facet of her professional and personal life. She was a very prolific writer, coauthoring with her husband, George Randolph Chester (1869–1924), a well-known playwright and short story author. Her first publication was their 1914 coauthored book, The Ball of Fire, and they remained a successful team until Mr. Chester’s premature death of a heart attack in 1924, at which point she apparently stopped writing altogether (Smith 127). In addition to writing hundreds of short stories and numerous stage plays with Mr. Chester, Lillian labored alongside him in the scenario department at the Vitagraph Company from 1916 to 1921. She also wrote with him for a stint at Universal Film Manufacturing Company, from 1922–1923, collaborating on such films as The Flaming Hour (1922) and Scarlet Car (1923). At Vitagraph, Lillian worked as a writer and editor until taking on the role of codirector for The Son of Wallingford (1921), which she helped shoot, title, and edit with her husband.
The Conformal Transformation in General Single Field Inflation with Non-Minimal Coupling
Creators: name: Kubota, Takahiro
name: Misumi, Nobuhiko
name: Naylor, Wade
name: Okuda, Naoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of a conformal transformation is applied to a general class of single field inflation models with non-minimal coupling to gravity and non-standard kinetic terms, in order to reduce the cosmological perturbative calculation to the conventional minimal coupling case to all orders in perturbation theory. Our analysis is made simple by the fact that all perturbation variables in the comoving gauge are conformally invariant to all orders. The structure of the vacuum, on which cosmological correlation functions are evaluated, is also discussed. We show how quantization in the Jordan frame for non-minimally coupled inflation models can be equivalently implemented in the Einstein frame. It is thereafter argued that the general N-point cosmological correlation functions (of the curvature perturbation) are independent of the conformal frame.
description: 15 pages, no figure, references added
Validation of a scoring system for prediction of obstetric complications in placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Creators: name: Zheng, Weiran
name: Zhang, Huijing
name: Ma, Jingmei
name: Dou, Ruochong
name: Zhao, Xianlan
name: Yan, Jie
name: Yang, Huixia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the implantation site and has been a challenge due to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, peripartum hysterectomy and maternal mortality. Despite of sonographic findings, no consensus on the prenatal evaluation of PAS has been established yet. We are aiming to establish a scoring system to increase the accuracy of prediction of PAS severity, especially to differentiate placenta percreta and placenta increta. We conducted a retrospective study and collected 2,219 cases of placenta increta and placenta percreta obtained from 20 tertiary care centers in China. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and sonographic findings were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors and sonographic features that were significantly associated with a clinical diagnosis of placenta percreta. The formula and subsequent scoring system were generated. This scoring system was then verified in 67 cases of placenta increta or placenta percreta in Peking University First Hospital from 2016 to 2017. Diagnosis of placental invasion was confirmed by surgical findings or histopathologic results. The scoring system was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The scoring system combined maternal risk factors and ultrasound features and was then verified in 67 cases. According to ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of our scoring system for prenatal diagnosis of placenta percreta is 0.96 (95%CI, 0.91–1.00, p < .001), for severe postpartum hemorrhage (≥1500 ml) is 0.76 (95%CI, 0.62–0.91, p = .005), for hysterectomy is 0.98 (95%CI, 0.93–1.000, p = .023). Our scoring system combining maternal risk factors and ultrasound features can improve the predictive accuracy of placenta percreta and obstetric outcomes (severe hemorrhage and hysterectomy).
Mabel Condon
Creators: name: Jacobs, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: It would have been hard to page through any major trade publication of the 1910s and 1920s without coming across an item about Mabel Condon. During this time, Condon wore many hats in the film industry, working as a journalist, publicist, trade journal editor, and business owner. In 1916, Moving Picture Weekly called her “the best known newspaper woman in the film world to-day [sic]” (“At Work and Play” 25). Her fame was frequently the subject of jokes in the trade press, as when Photoplay columnist Delight Evans expressed her shame at always having to say no when people asked, “Have you met Mabel Condon?” (22). However, by the time of her death in 1965, Condon’s work was largely forgotten.
Favorskii rearrangement of some α-Bromo-ketones
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Gagosian, Robert B.
name: Rappe, Christoffer
name: Knutsson, Leif
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The base-induced rearrangement of α-halogenoketones to give carboxylic acid derivatives (Favorskii rearrangements) occurs by at least two mechanisms. The stereochemistry, and structure of many Favorskii products can be explained in terms of a cyclopropanone intermediate. However, a "benzylic-like"  rearrangement appears to operate when the substrate ketone bears no α'-hydrogen, when the α'-hydrogen is relatively non-acidic, or when steric or strain factors inhibit cyclopropanone formation. In addition, the formation of a dipolar intermediate which may precede (or follow) cyclopropanone formation is supported by theoretical considerations, loss of stereospecificity upon rearrangement in polar solvents, the formation of α-substitution products as a side reaction, and the trapping of a possible Favorskii intermediate "dehydrohalogenate"  to form a common intermediate leading to the same product.
Elsa Chauvel
Creators: name: Bertrand, Ina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Elsa Chauvel had strong opinions about a woman’s role in both work and life. In an interview in 1934, she explained that a woman should charm men and a wife should support her husband (28). Her own life exemplified these principles. She was born Elsie May Wilcox in 1898 in Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. She was the second child and only daughter of itinerant Irish-born actor Edward Wilcox and his wife Ada Maria (née Worrall). When Elsie was about five years old, the Wilcox family moved to South Africa. Edward Wilcox, under the stage name Silveni/Sylvaney, became the actor-manager of a touring theatrical company. From a young age, Elsie’s brother Kyrle performed under the stage name McAllister, and Elsie herself performed under the stage name Sylvaney. They began with juvenile roles, but were soon being made and dressed up to play older characters.
Cosmic Rulers
Creators: name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Jeong, Donghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive general covariant expressions for the six independent observable modes of distortion of ideal standard rulers in a perturbed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime. Our expressions are gauge-invariant and valid on the full sky. These six modes are most naturally classified in terms of their rotational properties on the sphere, yielding two scalars, two vector (spin-1), and two tensor (spin-2) components. One scalar corresponds to the magnification, while the spin-2 components correspond to the shear. The vector components allow for a polar/axial decomposition analogous to the E/B-decomposition for the shear. Scalar modes do not contribute to the axial (B-)vector, opening a new avenue to probing tensor modes. Our results apply, but are not limited to, the distortion of correlation functions (of the CMB, 21cm emission, or galaxies) as well as to weak lensing shear and magnification, all of which can be seen as methods relying on "standard rulers".
description: 31 pages, 3 figures (v3); v2: minor changes reflecting PRD published version; v3: evolving ruler case relegated to arXiv:1305.1299, added proper time condition for observer, additional test cases for magnification
Radical pair recombination stereoselectivity as a probe of magnetic isotope and magnetic field effects
Creators: name: Lem, George
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Photolysis of meso- or dl-2,4-diphenylpentan-3-one within NaY zeolites, coadsorbed with a chiral inductor, lead to enantioselective radical pair recombinations which are sensitive to 13C isotope effects, but insensitive towards external magnetic field effects.
Harmonic Generation from Relativistic Plasma Surfaces in Ultra-Steep Plasma Density Gradients
Creators: name: Rödel, Christian
name: der Brügge, Daniel an
name: Bierbach, Jana
name: Yeung, Mark
name: Hahn, Thomas
name: Dromey, Brendan
name: Herzer, Sven
name: Fuchs, Silvio
name: Pour, Arpa Galestian
name: Eckner, Erich
name: Behmke, Michael
name: Cerchez, Mirela
name: Jäckel, Oliver
name: Hemmers, Dirk
name: Toncian, Toma
name: Kaluza, Malte C.
name: Belyanin, Alexey
name: Pretzler, Georg
name: Willi, Oswald
name: Pukhov, Alexander
name: Zepf, Matthew
name: Paulus, Gerhard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harmonic generation in the limit of ultra-steep density gradients is studied experimentally. Observations demonstrate that while the efficient generation of high order harmonics from relativistic surfaces requires steep plasma density scale-lengths ($L_p/λ< 1$) the absolute efficiency of the harmonics declines for the steepest plasma density scale-length $L_p \to 0$, thus demonstrating that near-steplike density gradients can be achieved for interactions using high-contrast high-intensity laser pulses. Absolute photon yields are obtained using a calibrated detection system. The efficiency of harmonics reflected from the laser driven plasma surface via the Relativistic Oscillating Mirror (ROM) was estimated to be in the range of 10^{-4} - 10^{-6} of the laser pulse energy for photon energies ranging from 20-40 eV, with the best results being obtained for an intermediate density scale-length.