cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lithostratigraphical studies in the outcrop at Ujscie, Torún-Eberswalde Pradolina, western Poland
Creators: name: Böse, Margot
name: Górska, Maria
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1995

description: Der Aufschluß in Usch liegt am Südrand des Thorn-Eberswalder Urstromtales zwischen der Frankfurter Staffel und dem Pommerschen Stadium. Die rund 50 m mächtige Sedimentfolge wird aus vier Geschiebemergelbänken mit zwischengeschalteten glazifluvialen Sanden gebildet. Neben Geschiebeeinregelungsmessungen, granulometrischen Analysen und der Bestimmung des Karbonatgehaltes liegt der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen in den petrographischen Analysen der Kiesanteile der Geschiebemergel in der Fraktion 4 - 12,5 mm und in der Leitgeschiebebestimmung. Beide Methoden geben Erkenntnisse über Eisfließrichtungen im Inlandeis. Der oberste Geschiebemergel (Kolmarer Staffel) enthält viel ostbaltisches Material mit Åland-Graniten, vielen paläozoischen Kalksteinen und relativ vielen devonischen Dolomiten. Der zweite Gechiebemergel (Brandenburger-Frankfurter Stadium) enthält im Vergleich dazu weniger ostbaltisches Material und weniger paläozoische Kalke, dagegen nimmt der Feuerstein-Anteil etwas zu, was ebenfalls auf ein weiter westlich gelegenes Herkunftsgebiet hinweist. Der dritte Geschiebemergel hat saalezeitliches Alter; die zahlreichen Dolomite sowie die sonstige Geschiebezusammensetzung weisen wieder auf ein ostbaltisches Herkunftsgebiet hin, das typisch für warthezeitliche Glazialablagerungen ist. Der unterste Geschiebemergel mit Geschieben aus Dalarna und Småland läßt auf einen Eistransport aus Norden schließen. Diese Moräne ist wahrscheinlich ebenfalls saalezeitlich, ein elsterzeitliches Alter kann jedoch nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden.
description: research
Investigating the gedanken experiment to destroy the event horizon of a regular black hole
Creators: name: Jiang, Jie
name: Gao, Yunjiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Li and Bambi proposed a hypothesis that the event horizon of a regular black hole can be destroyed because these objects have no gravitational singularity and therefore they are not protected by the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC). In this paper, to test their hypothesis, we perform the new version of the gedanken experiments proposed by Sorce and Wald to overcharge a near extremal static electrically regular black hole. After introducing the stability condition of the spacetime and the null energy condition of matter fields, we derive the first-order and second-order perturbation inequalities of the perturbation matter fields based on the Iyer-Wald formalism. As a result, we find that these regular black holes cannot be destroyed under the second-order approximation after these two perturbation inequalities are taken into account, even though they are not protected by the WCCC. Our results indicate that there might be some deeper mechanisms to protect the event horizon of the black holes.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. This paper has been accepted by PRD
Another Look at Random Infinite Divisibility
Creators: name: Satheesh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E07, 60F05 (Primary) 60E10, 62E10 (Secondary)

description: The drawbacks in the formulations of random infinite divisibility in Sandhya (1991, 1996), Gnedenko and Korelev (1996), Klebanov and Rachev (1996), Bunge (1996) and Kozubowski and Panorska (1996) are pointed out. For any given Laplace transform, we conceive random (N) infinite divisibility w.r.t a class of probability generating functions derived from the Laplace transform itself. This formulation overcomes the said drawbacks, and the class of probability generating functions is useful in transfer theorems for sums and maximums in general. Generalizing the concepts of attraction (and partial attraction) in the classical and the geometric summation setup to our formulation we show that the domains of attraction (and partial attraction)in all these setups are same. We also establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence to infinitely divisible laws from that of an N-sum and conversely, that is an analogue of Theorem.4.6.5 in Gnedenko and Korelev (1996, p.149). The role of the divisibiltiy of N and the Laplace transform on that of this formulation is also discussed.
description: Added the Journal publication reference, in the journal format, 22 pages and typos are corrected
title: Sound propagation in woodland
Creators: name: Price, Margaret Anne
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1986

description: A review of past research into sound propagation in woodland is presented. The attenuation of sound in woodland is small between about 800 and 2000Hz and greater at low and high frequencies. Attenuation measurements made in three contrasting woodlands are presented and compared with theoretical models. Propagation models using simple one- and two-parameter impedance models are used to calculate appropriate ground parameters for the prediction of impedance of the woodland soils. The ground parameters varied on different days in a single stand due to differences in moisture content and compaction. The overall differences between the stands are not significant. The woodland soil has a considerably lower impedance than other outdoor ground surfaces such as grassland or sand. A theoretical model for the attenuation of sound by thermoviscous absorption and scattering within an array of cylinders is assessed by means of a model experiment with wooden rods in an anechoic chamber. An input density 60% lower than the actual density gives a good agreement with measured attenuation. This modified model also predicts the attenuation by the cylinders in the presence of a ground surface. The scattering model is compared with the high frequency attenuation measured in the , woodland, using sampled trunk densities and radius, this underpredicts the observed attenuation, particularly in the stands with a dense branch and foliage structure. Addition of a second. dense, array of non rigid scatterers gives a good agreement with the measured data, thus modelling the scattering and absorbing effects of trunks, branches and leaves, in the high frequencies. Finally, a combined model is presented in which the attenuation caused by ground interference effects. at low frequencies. is added to a prediction of attenuation by the scattering model. across the whole frequency range. This model reproduces the frequency dependence of the attenuation of sound in woodland.
Evidence of Presence of the Eltville Tuff Layer in Dutsch and Belgian Limbourg and the Consequences for the Loess Stratigraphy
Creators: name: Meijs, Erik P. M.
name: Mücher, Herman
name: Ouwerkerk, Gerard
name: Romein, Arie
name: Stoltenberg, Henk
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1983

description: Anfang 1979 ist zum ersten Male in den Niederlanden ein vulkanischer Tuff in den Lößablagerungen von Süd-Limburg gefunden worden (Meijs 1980a). Auf Grund der stratigraphischen Lage, des makroskopischen Aussehens und der mineralogischen Zusammensetzung wurde dieser Tuff mit dem Eltviller Tuff korreliert. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden die Korrelierungsbeweisgründe eingehend behandelt und mit den Ergebnissen mikromorphologischer und röntgenologischer Untersuchungen ergänzt. Die Entdeckung des Eltviller Tuffs in dieser Region gerade unter dem Kesselt-Paläoboden (= Nagelbeek Horizont) bedeutet, daß dieser Paläoboden ein stratigraphisches Äquivalent des E4-Naßbodens ist. Dieses steht im Widerspruch mit der in Belgien und den Niederlanden herrschenden Ansicht, laut der der Kesselt-Paläoboden mit dem im Denekamp Interstadial geformten Stillfried-B Paläoboden korreliert wird (z. B. Zagwijn & Paepe 1968). Der letztgenannte Paläoboden liegt aber stratigraphisch unter dem Eltviller Tuff und ist ungefähr 10.000 Jahr älter als der E4-Naßboden (Semmel 1967, Vogel & van der Hammen 1967).
description: research
Intracellular mechanisms underlying growth cone collapse
Creators: name: To, Kenneth Chi-Wan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During the course of development, expression of attractive and inhibitory guidance cues play a pivotal role in the pathfinding decisions of a growing neuron. In addition, injury-induced recapitulation of their expression, particularly inhibitory cues, likely influences the course of axonal regeneration, thus providing a rationale for the intense focus in this area of research. Though significant progress has been made, it remains poorly described what signaling cascades, and in what combination, are involved during inhibitory-cue induced growth cone collapse. Therefore, to further understand why neurons are repelled or inhibited by certain cues, the aim of this thesis is to identify the underlying intracellular mechanisms regulating growth cone collapse induced by inhibitory cues. Using a novel anti-invasive compound called Motuporamine C(MotC), I have characterized in chapter 2 its effects as a regulator of neuronal outgrowth. I found that MotC was a robust stimulator of growth cone collapse leading to a cessation of neurite growth. This was partially mediated through Rho-ROCK signaling, a pathway involved in regulating actin dynamics. Based on this partial response, I hypothesized that other signal transduction pathways were involved. I addressed this in chapter 3 by identifying calcium-activated calpain, a protease well-characterized in playing a role in adhesion regulation, was also activated during MotC-induced growth cone collapse. Furthermore, I show that concurrent inhibition of both Rho-ROCK and calpain pathways are necessary for maximum attenuation of the MotC-mediated collapse response. Since these results were identified using an organic molecule not endogenously expressed in vertebrate organisms, I hypothesized in chapter 4 that similar pathways would be activated in response to a physiological in vivo guidance cue. Using the inhibitory cue Semaphorin 5B (Sema5B), I found in addition to the activation of calpain, the phosphatase calcineurin was also involved in mediating Sema5B-induced growth cone collapse. Moreover, it is the combination of calpain- and calcineurin-mediated pathways that is required for evoking maximal growth cone collapse and that cross-talk between these two effector molecules occurs. These results are of particular interest since previously it was proposed by Gomez and Zheng (2006) that calpain and calcineurin signaling cascades were parallel pathways. Taken together, my findings show that different inhibitory cues activate multiple intracellular pathways that appear to impinge on different aspects of the intracellular machinery regulating motility. The combinatorial activation of these pathways is necessary for mediating maximal growth cone collapsing effects. Moreover, the elucidation of common signaling cascades between inhibitory cues to induce growth cone collapse may eventually provide novel targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies to promote functional recovery following neuronal injury.
All Quiet in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Dobrotka, Andrej
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
name: Menou, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) should be present in large numbers in Globular Clusters (GCs). Numerous low-luminosity X-ray sources identified over the past few years as candidate CVs in GCs support this notion. Yet, very few "cataclysms," the characteristic feature of this class of objects in the field, have been observed in GCs. We address this discrepancy here, within the framework of the standard Disk Instability Model for CV outbursts. We argue that the paucity of outbursts in GCs is probably not a direct consequence of the donors' low metallicities. We present diagnostics based on outburst properties allowing tests of the hypothesis that rare cataclysms are entirely due to lower mass transfer rates in GCs relative to the field, and we argue against this explanation. Instead, we propose that a combination of low mass transfer rates (>~ 10^14-15 g/s) and moderately strong white dwarf magnetic moments (>~ 10^30 G cm^3) stabilize CV disks in GCs and thus prevent most of them from experiencing frequent outbursts. If it is so, rare cataclysms in GCs would signal important evolutionary differences between field and cluster CVs.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Uwarunkowania zasobowe a dochody rolnicze w krajach UE
Creators: name: Smędzik-Ambroży, Katarzyna
name: Smędzik-Ambroży, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: equipment in production factors
subject: income from agricultural activities
subject: EU
subject: / wyposażenie w czynniki produkcyjne
subject: dochody z działalności rolniczej
subject: kraje UE

description: The study attempts to answer the question of whether in EU countries with similar equipment in the productive factors there are similar incomes from agricultural activity per unit of labor, capital and land. The range covered the years 2007-2013 and representative farms for EU countries. The study used FADN data. In the article were used: the analysis of dynamics, descriptive statistics (mean and coefficient of variation) and the agglomerations analysis by Ward method. Groups of countries differed in equipment of agriculture in resources of land and capital. It has been shown that in the clusters of the EU countries with similar equipment in the productive factors there was more similar income from agricultural activity per unit of resources than in countries differing in this equipment. / Synopsis. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy w krajach UE o podobnym wyposażeniu w czynniki wytwórcze występowały podobne dochody z działalności rolniczej w przeliczeniu na jednostkę zasobu pracy, kapitału i ziemi. Zakres czasowy obejmował lata 2007-2013, podmiotowy dotyczył gospodarstw reprezentatywnych dla poszczególnych krajów UE, zaś przestrzenny objął obszar Unii Europejskiej z podziałem na poszczególne kraje tworzące to ugrupowanie w latach 2007-2013. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane FADN. Zastosowano analizę dynamiki, statystyki opisowe (średnie i współczynniki zmienności) oraz aglomeracyjną analizę skupień metodą Warda. Wyodrębniono skupienia krajów istotnie różniące się wyposażeniem rolnictwa w zasób ziemi i kapitału. Udowodniono, że w skupieniach krajów UE o podobnym wyposażeniu w czynniki wytwórcze występowały bardziej zbliżone dochody z działalności rolniczej w przeliczeniu na jednostkę zasobów niż w krajach różniących się tym wyposażeniem.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis spät- und postglazialer Akkumulation im nördlichen Alpenvorland
Creators: name: German, Rüdiger
name: Filzer, Paul
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1964

description: Von mehreren Stellen des nördlichen Alpenvorlandes werden spät-und postglaziale Profile aus einem periglazialen und einigen glazifluvialen Tälern beschrieben. Radiokarbonmethode und Pollenanalyse liefern die Zeitbestimmung für die Ablagerung der Sedimente. Auf diese Weise können mehrere Akkumulationsphasen im Spät- und Postglazial nachgewiesen werden. Sie liegen etwa in der Zeit der Stufen II, III und IV im Sinne von Brunnacker (1960, S. 86), bzw. in den Pollenzonen III, V und VIII. Außerdem sprechen mehrere Vorkommen für eine weitere Akkumulationszeit, ca. 6600 Jahre vor heute, in der Pollenzone VI. Diese jungen Aufschüttungen in unseren Tälern erreichen teilweise mehrere Meter Mächtigkeit. Sie sollten bei allen sich bietenden Gelegenheiten mit sämtlichen Hilfsmitteln der Quartärforschung untersucht werden, um ein möglichst genaues Bild der Flußarbeit und des Klimaablaufs im Holozän zu erhalten.
description: research
2020 ESIP Collaboration Area Highlights
Creators: name: Carter, Megan
name: Wee, Brian
name: Robbins, Zachary
name: Gold, Anne
name: Garretson, Alexis
name: Jones, Dave
name: Lynnes, Christopher
name: Strachan, Scotty
name: Smith, Colin
name: Blodgett, David
name: Shepherd, Adam
name: Berg-Cross, Gary
name: O'Brien, Margaret
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: ESIP is home to 30+ vibrant and diverse community-driven collaboration areas centered around Earth science data challenges and opportunities. Several collaboration areas shared lightning presentations about their recent activities and efforts to increase the use and value of Earth Science data during a webinar held on April 22, 2020. The goal of the event was to broaden awareness of ESIP collaboration area activities, increase communication and collaboration between existing collaboration areas, and invite new participants to join.
To learn more about ESIP collaboration areas, see esipfed.org/collaborate. Participating collaboration areas: Agriculture and Climate, Community Resilience, CLEAN Network, Data Stewardship, Discovery, Disaster Lifecycle, Envirosensing, Information Management Code Registry, Information Technology & Interoperability, Schema.org, Semantic Harmonization, and Sustainable Data Management.
The recording of this webinar can be found on the ESIP YouTube Channel.
Physiological and Performance Effects on Rats Fed Detoxified Mucuna pruriens
Creators: name: Huisden, Christiaan M.
name: Adesogan, Adegbola T.
name: Butterweck, Veronika
name: Szabo, Nancy J.
name: Gaskin, Jack M.
name: Raji, Ademola
name: Yongning, Lv
name: Maxwell, Elizabeth
name: Huisden, Christiaan M.
name: Adesogan, Adegbola T.
name: Butterweck, Veronika
name: Szabo, Nancy J.
name: Gaskin, Jack M.
name: Raji, Ademola
name: Yongning, Lv
name: Maxwell, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Mucuna pruriens
subject: detoxification
subject: monogastric

description: L-Dopa (3, 4 dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine), a toxic compound in Mucuna pruriens, causes reduced feed intake, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, skin lesions and potential mortality when consumed by humans and monogastric livestock. Processing the bean can reduce L-Dopa in Mucuna beans to safe levels (< 0.4%), but few studies have examined the effects of feeding detoxified Mucuna to monogastrics. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of feeding detoxified Mucuna bean on the performance, behavior, and health of rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five treatments (n=12). Dietary treatments consisted of a commercial rat chow (CON) or diets in which 10% of a customized rat chow was replaced with either undetoxified Mucuna (MUC), or Mucuna detoxified by acetic acid extraction (pH 3), sodium hydroxide extraction (pH 11), or ensiling for 28 days (SIL). During the 14-day trial, behavior, physiological development, and signs of clinical pathology were evaluated. Necropsy revealed that MUC caused splenomegaly and monocytosis, and reduced phosphorus concentrations relative to CON. These effects were not observed in rats fed detoxified diets, which alkaline phosphatase concentrations 11-17% greater than those of MUC, but similar to those of CON. No abnormalities in behavior, performance, or physiology were observed in any of the rats on the detoxified diets. Compared to those fed CON, rats fed Mucunabased diets had similar feed intake, weight gain, and behavioral results in the open field. It can be concluded that at the 10% level of dietary inclusion, there were fewer measurable adverse effects due to feeding the detoxified Mucuna bean compared to untreated Mucuna bean.
Zum Bau des Bersenbrücker Lobus im Stauchmoränenzug der Rehburger Phase
Creators: name: Wunderlich, H. G.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1963

description: Serienmäßige Bohrungen in verschiedenen Teilen der Bersenbrücker Höhen NW Osnabrück (Westdeutschland) und ihres nördlichen und südlichen Vorlandes geben einen Einblick in die innere Struktur dieser saaleeiszeitlichen Stauchzone auch dort, wo Geschiebesand- und Flottlehmbedeckung den Verschuppungsbau aus Septarienton, Oligozän- und Miozänsanden sowie präsaalischen Terrassenschottern und -sanden verhüllen.
description: research
On the Interplay of Regional Mobility, Social Connectedness, and the Spread of COVID-19 in Germany
Creators: name: Fritz, Cornelius
name: Kauermann, Göran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the primary mode of respiratory virus transmission is person-to-person interaction, we are required to reconsider physical interaction patterns to mitigate the number of people infected with COVID-19. While research has shown that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) had an evident impact on national mobility patterns, we investigate the relative regional mobility behaviour to assess the effect of human movement on the spread of COVID-19. In particular, we explore the impact of human mobility and social connectivity derived from Facebook activities on the weekly rate of new infections in Germany between March 3rd and June 22nd, 2020. Our results confirm that reduced social activity lowers the infection rate, accounting for regional and temporal patterns. The extent of social distancing, quantified by the percentage of people staying put within a federal administrative district, has an overall negative effect on the incidence of infections. Additionally, our results show spatial infection patterns based on geographic as well as social distances.
Langevin vortex dynamics for a layered superconductor in the lowest Landau level approximation
Creators: name: Al-Saidi, W. A.
name: Stroud, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have numerically investigated the dynamics of vortices in a clean layered superconductor placed in a perpendicular magnetic field. We describe the energetics using a Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional in the lowest Landau level approximation. The dynamics are determined using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau approximation, and thermal fluctuations are incorporated via a Langevin term. The c-axis conductivity at nonzero frequencies, as calculated from the Kubo formalism, shows a strong but not divergent increase as the melting temperature $T_M$ is approached from above, followed by an apparently discontinuous drop at the vortex lattice freezing temperature. The discontinuity is consistent with the occurrence of a first-order freezing. The calculated equilibrium properties agree with previous Monte Carlo studies using the same Hamiltonian. We briefly discuss the possibility of detecting this fluctuation conductivity experimentally.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. B
Hide Secret Information in Blocks: Minimum Distortion Embedding
Creators: name: Amiruzzaman, Md
name: Nor, Rizal Mohd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a new steganographic method is presented that provides minimum distortion in the stego image. The proposed encoding algorithm focuses on DCT rounding error and optimizes that in a way to reduce distortion in the stego image, and the proposed algorithm produces less distortion than existing methods (e.g., F5 algorithm). The proposed method is based on DCT rounding error which helps to lower distortion and higher embedding capacity.
description: This paper is accepted for publication in IEEE SPIN 2020 conference
title: Correspondance avec Charlotte Lessana - Pièce jointe
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Pièces jointes associées : "Docteur Leibowitch, I presume?" ; texte "Aux origines du sida".
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111133487617
description: created: start=2007-06-12;end=2008-03-11
BLOG: The value of ORCID iDs in enabling digital identity on a global scale: Report from the OECD
Creators: name: Haak Laurel
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Persistent, trusted digital identity can play a role in the way researchers and their output are evaluated, which is very important as information sharing is sped up to support global challenges such as COVID-19. The OECD Report, Charting the Digital Transformation of Science, found that ORCID iDs are a key component of how researchers are managing their digital identity.
Ein landschaftsgeschichtlich bedeutsamer Quellkalk im Tiroler Oberinn— Tal
Creators: name: Huckriede, Reinhold
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1975

description: Ein am zerfurchten Terrassenhang unterhalb Pendels klebender Erosionsrest eines Quellkalkes beweist mit Pflanzen- und Tier-Resten, daß hier für das Mittelalter nicht mehr mit einem vom Menschen unbeeinflußten natürlichen Wald zu rechnen ist. Die subfossile Vegetation zeigt Unterschiede gegenüber der jetzigen an der Lokalität. In seiner morphologischen Situation bietet das Dauch-Vorkommen einen Maßstab für die beachtliche junge Hangerosion, die auf Entwaldung des Areals zurückzuführen ist.
description: research
Large positive magneto-resistance in high mobility 2D electron gas : interplay of short and long range disorder
Creators: name: Renard, Vincent T. F
name: Kvon, Ze Don
name: Gusev, G M
name: Portal, J. C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a large positive quasi-classical magneto-resistance (MR) in a high mobility 2D electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. The magneto-resistance is non-saturating and increases with magnetic field as $ρ_{xx}\sim B^α (α=0.9-1.2)$. In antidot lattices a non-monotonic MR is observed. We show that in both cases this MR can be qualitatively described in terms of the theory recently advanced by Polyakov et al (PRB, 64, 205306 (2001)). Their prediction is that such behavior as we observe may be the consequence of a concurrent existence of short and long range scattering potentials.
description: 7 jan 2004
Effect of Sonication and Two Solvent Extraction Methods on the L-dopa Concentration and Nutritional Value of Mucuna pruriens
Creators: name: Huisden, Christiaan M.
name: Adesogan, Adegbola T.
name: Szabo, Nancy J.
name: Huisden, Christiaan M.
name: Adesogan, Adegbola T.
name: Szabo, Nancy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Mucuna pruriens
subject: solvent-extraction
subject: sonication

description: Mucuna pruriens beans are high in crude protein (CP; 25-30%) and starch (39-41%), but also contain toxic L-Dopa. Methods to reduce L-Dopa to a safe threshold (< 0.4%) are often costly and little is known about their impact on the nutritional value of the bean. The objective of this study was to examine effects of three extraction methods on L-Dopa concentration and nutritional composition of finely (1 mm) or coarsely (6 mm) ground beans. Methods evaluated included extraction in solutions of acetic acid (ACD, pH 3) or sodium hydroxide (ALK, pH 11) for 8 hours or sonication (SON) for 5 minutes. All extraction methods decreased the L-Dopa concentration of fine Mucuna particles from 2.8 to < 0.2%, decreased their CP and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations by 24-31% and 78-81%, respectively and increased their NDF and starch concentrations by at least 62 and 14%, respectively. Sonication reduced the ether extract (EE) concentration of fine particles from 5.5% to 4.2% but ACD and ALK did not. Sonication and ACD did not reduce the L-Dopa concentration of coarsely ground beans but ALK reduced it from 2.8 to 2%. Sonication also reduced CP, WSC, and ether EE concentrations of coarse particles by 6, 17, and 27%, respectively and ALK increased their starch concentration by 17%. Therefore, the extraction methods reduced L-Dopa of fine Mucuna particles to safe levels but increased their NDF and starch concentrations at the expense of WSC and CP concentrations. Extraction methods were less effective at reducing the L-Dopa in coarse particles and had fewer, less consistent effects on their nutritional composition.
Observation of interaction induced blockade and local spin freezing in a NMR quantum simulator
Creators: name: Krithika, V. R.
name: Pal, Soham
name: Nath, Rejish
name: Mahesh, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally emulate interaction induced blockade and local spin freezing in two and three qubit Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) architecture. These phenomena are identical to the Rydberg blockade and Rydberg biased freezing. In Rydberg blockade, the simultaneous excitation of two or more atoms is blocked due to the level shift induced by the strong Van der Waal's interaction. In such a strong interaction regime, one can also observe Rydberg biased freezing, wherein the dynamics is confined to a subspace, with the help of multiple drives with unequal amplitudes. Here we drive NMR qubits with specific transition-selective radio waves, while intermittently characterizing the quantum states via quantum state tomography. This not only allows us to track the population dynamics, but also helps to probe quantum correlations, by means of quantum discord, evolving under blockade and freezing phenomena. While, our work constitutes the first experimental simulations of these phenomena in the NMR platform, it is also the first experimental demonstration of Rydberg biased freezing. Moreover, these studies open up interesting quantum control perspectives in exploiting the above phenomena for entanglement generation as well as subspace manipulations.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Phase Transitions in Generalised Spin-Boson (Dicke) Models
Creators: name: Emary, Clive
name: Brandes, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of generalised single mode Dicke Hamiltonians with arbitrary boson coupling in the pseudo-spin $x$-$z$ plane. We find exact solutions in the thermodynamic, large-spin limit as a function of the coupling angle, which allows us to continuously move between the simple dephasing and the original Dicke Hamiltonians. Only in the latter case (orthogonal static and fluctuating couplings), does the parity-symmetry induced quantum phase transition occur.
description: 6 pages, 5 figues
LES INITIATIVES FRANÇAISES EN MATIÈRE DE PRÉVENTION CONTRE LES ESPÈCES INVASIVES DANS LA RÉGION CARAÏBE.
Creators: name: Iotti, Jean
name: Sutter, Emmanuel
name: Terrieux, Philippe
name: De Fillippi, Frederic
name: Iotti, Jean
name: Sutter, Emmanuel
name: Terrieux, Philippe
name: De Fillippi, Frederic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: European Plant Protection Regulations
subject: French West Indies Plant Protection Regulations
subject: pest risk analysis
subject: territory surveillance
subject: Black Sigatoka
subject: red palm mite
subject: Moko disease
subject: fruit flies
subject: lethal yellowing

description: The plant protection strategy in Martinique and in the archipelago of Guadeloupe, i.e. eight small islands known as "French West Indies", is based on three main pillars. These pillars are implemented in the framework of a complex set of European and overseas-specific regulations, and according to the standard French administrative rules and organization, which are not always customizedfor tropical agriculture issues. The first pillar is Import-Export control (quarantine invasive species control). The second pillar concerns control of invasive and other pest species in nurseries (control on quarantine invasive species and pests impacting on production). The third pillar is surveillance and protection of crops grown in fields. Import-Export regulations are a mix of the present European regulations, which prioritize free trade within the European Union (Martinique and Guadeloupe being part of the EU), while import regulations with third countries avoid import bans for vegetables, and prioritize specific requirements for quarantine pests. In contrast, the Specific Overseas Regulation, is based mainly on import bans and an accumulation of old-fashioned requirements, which are based more on precautionary principles than on reasonable science-based arguments. In order to integrate the European regulations, 200 invasive pests and plants risk analyses have been completed. These PRAs are the foundation of the new "European Overseas Regulations ", which are being drafted. To combat the most dangerous invasive species, Project PANDOeR [New Pathogens: Detection, Observation, Eradication] was initiated. It consists of putting in place a system for the early detection and eradication of threatening diseases. The targeted diseases and insects are those present in the Caribbean islands that may impact the environment and economy of Martinique (tourism, agriculture, and employment) and that are potentially invasive: coconut lethal yellowing and the red palm mite on palm trees, Black Sigatoka (and Yellow Sigatoka, which is already present), moko disease of banana, fruit flies, etc. PANDOeR involves several administrative or professional partners, and aims at (i) controlling possible invasions of dangerous invasive species, and (ii) limiting the geographical range extensions of already present pests, etc.
A Fast and Calibrated Computer Model Emulator: An Empirical Bayes Approach
Creators: name: Kejzlar, Vojtech
name: Son, Mookyong
name: Bhattacharya, Shrijita
name: Maiti, Tapabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mathematical models implemented on a computer have become the driving force behind the acceleration of the cycle of scientific processes. This is because computer models are typically much faster and economical to run than physical experiments. In this work, we develop an empirical Bayes approach to predictions of physical quantities using a computer model, where we assume that the computer model under consideration needs to be calibrated and is computationally expensive. We propose a Gaussian process emulator and a Gaussian process model for the systematic discrepancy between the computer model and the underlying physical process. This allows for closed-form and easy-to-compute predictions given by a conditional distribution induced by the Gaussian processes. We provide a rigorous theoretical justification of the proposed approach by establishing posterior consistency of the estimated physical process. The computational efficiency of the methods is demonstrated in an extensive simulation study and a real data example. The newly established approach makes enhanced use of computer models both from practical and theoretical standpoints.
Evolution and environment of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Bernardi, M.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Sheth, R. K.
name: Miller, C. J.
name: Brinkmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the photometric and spectral properties of 39320 early-type galaxies within the SDSS, as a function of both local environment and redshift. The distance to the nearest cluster of galaxies and the distance to the 10th nearest luminous neighbor were used to define two extremes in environment. The properties of early-type galaxies are weakly but significantly different in these two extremes: objects in dense environments are less than ~1 Gyr older and alpha-enhanced by ~0.02 relative to their counterparts of the same velocity dispersion in less dense regions, but the metallicities show no dependence on environment. This suggests that, in dense regions, the stars in early-type galaxies formed at slightly earlier times, and on a slightly shorter timescale, than in less dense regions. In addition, objects at lower redshifts are older, but have the same metallicities and alpha-enhancements as their counterparts of the same sigma at higher redshifts, as expected if the low redshift sample is a passively-aged version of the sample at higher redshifts. These significant conclusions are derived from several pieces of evidence discussed in this paper, including the FP of early-types, the observed evolution of absorption linestrengths (measured from a large ensemble of composite spectra which we provide in tabular form) over small lookback times, and comparison with the predictions of single burst (non-solar abundance) stellar population synthesis models (which also indicate that age, metallicity and alpha-enhancement all increase with velocity dispersion).
description: 58 pages, 22 figures. Accepted by AJ. The full version of Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, 8 are available at http://www.physics.upenn.edu/~bernardm/PAPERS/EnvEvol/TABLES/ A README file (bernardi_TABLES.README) explains the content of the directory. The 925 composite spectra can be downloaded from http://www.physics.upenn.edu/~bernardm/PAPERS/EnvEvol/SPECTRA/ A README file (bernardi_COMPOSITES.README) explains the content of the directory. Table 9: the ZP of the Age-sigma relation has been corrected
Policy Paper: Political Representation of Nature
Creators: name: Rüpke, Anton
Publisher: name: The Planetary Democrats
Year: 2024
Subjects: political representation of nature
ethics
democracy
intergenerational policy

description: The debate over the most effective implementation of political representation of nature has gained momentum in recent years. Scientific publications (Non-Human Nature in World Politics, Planet Politics, Politics of Nature, Political Representation of Nonhuman Animals) and several civil society organisations and projects (Embassy of the North Sea, ORGANISMENDEMOKRATIE, PLANETARY PERSONHOOD, DemokraTiere, Animals in the Room) have addressed the issue. The debate is driven by several emerging trends, such as the political turn in environmental ethics and the representative turn in political theory. In the context of several advances in the legal representation of nature (Whanganui River, Mar Menor), the scope of the discussion is now being extended to issues surrounding the representation of nature in the legislative and executive branches of government. This policy paper contributes to the ongoing debate and provides new proposals for the design of various institutional mechanisms for the political representation of nature. The paper focuses on a novel Planetary Parliament, which is characterized by the global representation of living beings (plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms) and nonliving nature (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere).
Magnetic-field-induced finite-size effect in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-a comparison to rotating superfluid 4 He
Creators: name: Lortz, R.
name: Meingast, C.
name: Rykov, A. I.
name: Tajima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of strong magnetic fields (11 T) on superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7-d is investigated using high-resolution thermal expansion. We show that the field-induced broadening of the superconducting transition is due to a finite-size effect resulting from the field-induced vortex-vortex length scale. The physics of this broadening has recently been elucidated for the closely related case of rotating superfluid 4 He [R. Haussmann, Phys. Rev. B60, 12373 (1999)]. Our results imply that the primary effect of magnetic fields of the order of 10 T is to destroy the phase coherence; the pairing, on the other hand, appears to be quite insensitive to these fields.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL
title: Computation of Entropy Production in Stratified Flames Based on Chemistry Tabulation and an Eulerian Transported Probability Density Function Approach
Creators: name: Dressler, Louis
name: Nicolai, Hendrik
name: Agrebi, Senda
name: Ries, Florian
name: Sadiki, Amsini
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: This contribution presents a straightforward strategy to investigate the entropy production in stratified premixed flames. The modeling approach is grounded on a chemistry tabulation strategy, large eddy simulation, and the Eulerian stochastic field method. This enables a combination of a detailed representation of the chemistry with an advanced model for the turbulence chemistry interaction, which is crucial to compute the various sources of exergy losses in combustion systems. First, using detailed reaction kinetic reference simulations in a simplified laminar stratified premixed flame, it is demonstrated that the tabulated chemistry is a suitable approach to compute the various sources of irreversibilities. Thereafter, the effects of the operating conditions on the entropy production are investigated. For this purpose, two operating conditions of the Darmstadt stratified burner with varying levels of shear have been considered. The investigations reveal that the contribution to the entropy production through mixing emerging from the chemical reaction is much larger than the one caused by the stratification. Moreover, it is shown that a stronger shear, realized through a larger Reynolds number, yields higher entropy production through heat, mixing and viscous dissipation and reduces the share by chemical reaction to the total entropy generated.
Schutz der Moore in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – Stand und Perspektiven
Protection of peatlands in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – status quo and perspectives
Creators: name: Gelbrecht, Jörg
name: Schiefelbein, Ulf
name: Zak, Dominik
name: Lenschow, Uwe
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern sind 13 % der Landesfläche mit Mooren bedeckt, was etwa 293.000 ha entspricht (LENSCHOW 1997). Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ist in Bezug auf seine Landesfläche damit das moorreichste Bundesland Deutschlands. [...]
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: report
The localization of non-backtracking centrality in networks and its physical consequences
Creators: name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Castellano, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spectrum of the non-backtracking matrix plays a crucial role in determining various structural and dynamical properties of networked systems, ranging from the threshold in bond percolation and non-recurrent epidemic processes, to community structure, to node importance. Here we calculate the largest eigenvalue of the non-backtracking matrix and the associated non-backtracking centrality for uncorrelated random networks, finding expressions in excellent agreement with numerical results. We show however that the same formulas do not work well for many real-world networks. We identify the mechanism responsible for this violation in the localization of the non-backtracking centrality on network subgraphs whose formation is highly unlikely in uncorrelated networks, but rather common in real-world structures. Exploiting this knowledge we present an heuristic generalized formula for the largest eigenvalue, which is remarkably accurate for all networks of a large empirical dataset. We show that this newly uncovered localization phenomenon allows to understand the failure of the message-passing prediction for the percolation threshold in many real-world structures.
title: Women as voluntary and professional military nurses in Great Britain, 1854-1914
Creators: name: Summers, Anne
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1986

description: After the Crimean War, civilian initiatives were largely responsible for introducing female nurses into military hospitals to supplement and supervise male orderlies. The early difficulties of the new nursing service were similar to those experienced by middle and upper-class women reformers of civilian hospitals. The first female corps was almost independent of military commandants and medical officers; 'lady superintendents' made unwelcome attempts to impose the social norms and work patterns of upper-class households. The medical officers achieved full authority over the female nurses only in 1885. Although reluctant to mobilise female nurses for colonial warfare, under pressure from civilian relief agencies army medical authorities did so after 1879. Army nurses were not prominent public figures; nevertheless, British and foreign war nursing attracted considerable civilian interest, and for some women became a symbol of their right to political participation and equal citizenship. The institution in 1883 of the first national decoration for women, the Royal Red Cross, further legitimated heroism in war as a female ambition. The Royal British Nurses' Association's attempt to form a military nursing reserve indicates that many trained nurses saw war service as conferring the public status necessary to their campaign for state registration. The manpower crisis of the Boer War 1899 - 1902 convinced officials that army hospitals required more female personnel; the success of subsequent drives to recruit trained nurses and voluntary first-alders as military reserve nurses and auxiliaries on the eve of World War I owed much to interests, enthusiasms and ambitions generated among women in the nineteenth century. The early history of British female army nursing demonstrates the influence of civilian expectations upon military institutions; developments at the turn of the century suggest that it was through military nursing that civilian women were militarised.
DEVELOPING STRATEGIC RESEARCH FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF NEW PEST THREATS: THE PASSION VINE MEALYBUG, PLANOCOCCUS MINOR AS A CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Kairo, M. T. K.
name: Francis, A.
name: Roda, A.
name: Kairo, M. T. K.
name: Francis, A.
name: Roda, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Pre-emptive biological control
subject: invasive species
subject: Planococcus minor

description: Classical biological control is one of the key approaches to the management of invasive alien pests. This typically involves the importation and release of natural enemies from the pest's area of origin. Due to increased concerns about the ecological safety of imported biocontrol agents, regulatory requirements for information during the importation process have increased considerably in recent years. Thus, a considerable amount of knowledge has to be generated before a natural enemy can be introduced. This also means that a considerable amount of time can be lost before implementation of biological control program. In principle, the process can be speeded up if research on potential threats is done in advance. However, the challenge to such a pre-emptive approach is that there are many potential threats and only limited resources. This paper discusses ongoing pre-emptive research on Planococcus minor, a high risk pest threat to the United States and other countries in the Caribbean Basin. It also discusses the value and application of such strategic research, and identifies key considerations for institutionalizing this approach.