cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AI optimization of phononic crystal bandgaps
Creators: name: Handlovsky, Trent
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Phononic crystals are artificial materials comprised of periodic structures that can manipulate propagating mechanical waves. They have potential applications in various fieldssuch as acoustic wave control, thermal management, energy harvesting, and sensing. Bandgaps are frequency ranges where wave propagation is prohibited and are a crucial parameter that affects the functionality of phononic crystals. However, the optimization of phononic crystal bandgaps is a challenging task due to the complex relationships between the geometric and material parameters of the structure. However, understanding complex relationships is where the field of Machine Learning (ML) excels.We present an approach for analyzing the input dimensions of a phononic crystal simulation to create and tune an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based model that can predict the starting frequency and width of the bandgaps. This produces a neural network model that is capable of rapid forecasting without the heavy computational demands of a simulation. The resultant framework, also when used more generally, provides an efficient and effective method for studying or applying phenomena with complex governing equations that are difficult to solve analytically, and are typically addressed through numerical methods.
Forecasting the Gross Domestic Product in correspondence to Crude Price Fluctuations: A Quantitative Analysis of Nigeria.pdf
Creators: name: Jhawar, Siddhant
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics
subject: 140103 Mathematical Economics

description: The study aims to find a long-run empirical correlation between crude prices and the Nigerian Economy. Therefore, the Independent Variable for the study is the natural log of crude prices and the Dependent Variable would be the economic activity in Nigeria (Operationalized using the natural log of GDP). The research explores the Vector Autoregression Model (VAR Model), Serial Correlation LM Test, VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD), and the Impulse Response Functions (IRFs). The time period of the study was from 1998 to 2008 (annual statistics were used), and the findings from the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test indicates that lngdp is stationary for an optimal maximum lag of 1 in 1st Level, including Intercept in the test equation. Furthermore, lngdp is found to have a causal impact on lncp. This finding is complemented by the findings of FEVD and the IRFs. The empirical analyses show that the lngdp is a strong determining factor of the lncp fluctuations and directly influences forecasts of the same, ceteris paribus.
High-Q Nanomechanics via Destructive Interference of Elastic Waves
Creators: name: Wilson-Rae, I.
name: Barton, R. A.
name: Verbridge, S. S.
name: Southworth, D. R.
name: Ilic, B.
name: Craighead, H. G.
name: Parpia, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical dissipation poses an ubiquitous challenge to the performance of nanomechanical devices. Here we analyze the support-induced dissipation of high-stress nanomechanical resonators. We develop a model for this loss mechanism and test it on silicon nitride membranes with circular and square geometries. The measured Q-values of different harmonics present a non-monotonic behavior which is successfully explained. For azimuthal harmonics of the circular geometry we predict that destructive interference of the radiated waves leads to an exponential suppression of the clamping loss in the harmonic index. Our model can also be applied to graphene drums under high tension.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Integrated Sustainability Assessment in a Transdisciplinary Perspective
Creators: name: Vanni, Francesco
name: Schwarz, Gerald
name: Miller, David
name: Helin, Janne
name: Prazan, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Agroecology
Agro-ecological transition
Transdisciplinarity
Multi-Actor Platform

description: This report is Deliverable D6.2 in Work package 6 “Integrated sustainability assessment, end-user tools and recommendations” of the H2020 project UNISECO. This report integrates the results of the case studies on agro-ecological transitions with the territorial level assessments and explores the potential contributions of the strategies for agro-ecological transitions to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). The review of the potential contributions to the SDGs pays particular attention to the role of the transdisciplinary research approach in UNISECO, and the strengths and weaknesses of the co-construction of strategies for agro-ecological transitions in strengthening the sustainability of farming systems in Europe. The review builds on the main results of the UNISECO project, including: i) co-constructed strategies for agro-ecological transitions in the case studies (Schwarz et al., 2021, D3.4; Galioto et al., 2021, D5.4); ii) assessments of the implementation of agro-ecological practices at farm level (Landert et al., 2019, D3.1; Albanito et al., 2021, D3.5); iii) territorial level assessments of large-scale implementations of agro-ecological practices in the context of different food scenarios (Mayer et al., 2021, D4.3; Röös et al., 2021, D4.2); iv evaluation of the transdisciplinary approach and the engagement of actors in Multi-Actor Platforms (Smyrniotopoulou and Vlahos, 2021; D7.3). UNISECO is a European research project aiming to develop innovative approaches to enhance the understanding of socio-economic and policy drivers and barriers for further development and implementation of agro-ecological practices in EU farming systems. Learn more about the project: https://uniseco-project.eu/ This project has received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 773901. This publication reflects only the authors' view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
MOESM1 of Large-Area and Patternable Nano-Dot Array from Electrolysis of ITO Film for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lu, Han
name: Han, Gengxin
name: Cao, Jieping
name: Jin, Mingliang
name: Ma, Qilin
name: Akinoglu, Eser
name: Wang, Xin
name: Nian, Li
name: Zhou, Guofu
name: Shui, Lingling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. EDS spectrum of ITO film. Figure S2. (a) SEM image of original FTO film. (b-e) SEM images of FTO film after electrolysis at different applied voltage 50, 100, 150 and 200 V, respectively. Figure S3. SEM images of different Ag film thicknesses deposited on NDs (a) 30 nm, (b) 77 nm, (c) 160 nm. (d) Raman spectra of 10-4 M 4-MBT on NDs deposited with different Ag film thicknesses. Figure S4. (a) Raman spectra of 10-4 M 4-MBT on NDs SERS substrate and pure powder of 4-MBT on glass substrate, (b) Raman spectra of 5 × 10-7 M R6G on NDs SERS substrate and pure powder of R6G on glass substrate. Figure S5. Schematic to estimate the number of probe molecules trapped in the "hot-spot" area (NSERS) among in the neighboring NDs. Figure S6. Raman spectra of 10-3 M MESNa on the NDs SERS substrate under the optimized conditions. Figure S7. Absorption spectrum of the NDs SERS substrate fabricated under optimized conditions. Figure S8. FDTD simulation of the electric field in the inter-gaps of NDs. Figure S9. Raman spectra of (a) 10-4 M 4-MBT and (b) 5 × 10-7 M R6G on ITO glass, NDs substrate after ITO electrolysis, ITO glass coated with 77 nm Ag film and NDs substrate coated with 77 nm Ag film, respectively. Figure S10. Fabrication of large area patterned ND arrays at different electrolysis time (a) 1.5 min, (b) 3.0 min, (c) 5.0 min, (d) 7.0 min, and (e) 10.0 min. Figure S11. SEM images of a patterned area after photolithography (a) before and (b) after electrolysis. SEM images of (c) the center and (d) the edge of a patterned ND area.
Bose-Einstein condensation and a two-dimensional walk model
Creators: name: Jafarpour, Farhad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a two-dimensional walk model in which a random walker can only move on the first quarter of a two-dimensional plane. We calculate the partition function of this walk model using a transfer matrix method and show that the model undergoes a phase-transition. Surprisingly the partition function of this two-dimensional walk model is exactly equal to that of a driven-diffusive system defined on a discrete lattice with periodic boundary conditions in which a phase transition occurs from a high-density to a low-density phase. The driven-diffusive system can be mapped to a zero-range process where the particles can accumulate in a single lattice site in the low-density phase. This is very reminiscent of real-space Bose-Einstein condensation.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in PRE (2011)
Human skill augmentation in robot-assisted surgery
Creators: name: Abdelaal, Alaa Eldin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This thesis addresses the problem of assisting humans in robot-assisted surgery. Our research investigates this problem using the following two approaches: (i) designing interfaces that facilitate human control of the surgical robotics platform, and (ii) developing autonomous systems to perform repetitive parts of the surgical task, allowing humans to focus on the more demanding ones. Following the first approach, we explored how to use multiple types of data to facilitate the surgeon’s control of surgical robots, such as motion data of expert surgeons, video data from an additional camera, and eye gaze data. The main application area of this approach is surgical training and skill assessment. Our results show that combining hand-over-hand and trial and error training approaches, based on expert motion data, enables trainees to balance both the speed and accuracy of performing tasks better than using only one of these approaches alone. Furthermore, our results show that a two-view system can improve both training and skill assessment, with its application in training showing the most promise, compared with the traditional case of using only a single view. In addition, we discovered a gaze-based phenomenon called “Quiet Eye” in multiple minimally invasive surgery settings. We report how this phenomenon changes with surgeons’ experience level and/or successful task completion. This opens the door to leverage this phenomenon in surgical training and skill assessment. Following the second approach, in the context of autonomous robotic surgery, we worked on automating tasks such as moving the surgical camera and suturing. To automate the surgical camera, we proposed a rule-based method that uses both the position and 3D orientation information from structures in the surgical scene. We tested the effectiveness of using our autonomous camera method in video-based surgical skill assessment. To automate surgical tasks such as suturing, we leveraged the surgical robot’s capability to move multiple arms in parallel to devise autonomous execution models that go beyond the humans’ way of performing these tasks. Our simulation experiments show that our proposed parallel execution models can lead to at least 40% decrease in the tasks’ completion time, compared with the state-of-the art ones.
Management of the orbital angular momentum of vortex beams in a quadratic nonlinear interaction
Creators: name: Bovino, Fabio A.
name: Braccini, Matteo
name: Bertolotti, Mario
name: Sibilia, Concita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light intensity control of the orbital angular momentum of the fundamental beam in a quadratic nonlinear process is theoretically and numerically presented. In particular we analyzed a seeded second harmonic generation process in presence of orbital angular momentum of the interacting beams due both to on axis and off axis optical vortices. Examples are proposed and discussed.
Improved Geometrical Scaling at the LHC
Creators: name: Praszalowicz, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that geometrical scaling exhibited by the $p_{\rm T}$ spectra measured by the CMS collaboration at the LHC is substantially improved if the exponent $λ$ of the saturation scale depends on $p_{\rm T}$. This dependence is shown to be the same as the dependence of small $x$ exponent of $F_2$ structure function in deep inelastic scattering taken at the scale $Q=p_{\rm T}/2$
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. In v2 a misprint concerning p_T dependence of lambda_eff corrected. In v3: small corrections, reference added, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Design and development of a field deployable heating system for loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay
Creators: name: Rafiq, Nafisa
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320602
subject: Medical biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)

description: Nucleic acid testing has become a prominent method for rapid microbial detection. Unlike polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a simple method of nucleic acid amplification where the reaction can be performed at a constant temperature and the output provided in a colorimetric format. A transparent water bath heater is a desirable instrument to perform the heating and observe the visual results of nucleic acid amplification. However, existing methods of heating the water are not convenient for loading and unloading the nucleic acid samples. Here, we developed a field-deployable water bath heating device—an isothermal heater called IsoHeat for short–which is solely dedicated to performing LAMP reactions and can heat the water up to 85 °C (if needed). Using 3D-printing and LASER-cutting technology, we fabricated different parts of the device and mechanically assembled the parts to develop the entire device. Users can commence the heating by pressing the start button on the screen after entering the target temperature. Subsequently, the device heats up the water bath and maintains the target temperature through a PID algorithm-based control system. We demonstrate that IsoHeat can operate in environmental temperatures ranging from 5-33 °C and it can conduct LAMP reactions in a liquid format as well as in paper-based devices. IsoHeat is more efficient and user-friendly compared to a commercially available immersion-heating device, which is often used to perform LAMP reactions. This newly developed device would be helpful to detect pathogens conveniently in the field (e.g., at the point-of-care for human applications, on farms for plant and animal applications, and in production facilities for food safety applications).
Near-IR Molecular Hydrogen Emission of Protostars: Probing Circumstellar Environments
Creators: name: Greene, Thomas P.
name: Barsony, Mary
name: Weintraub, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of near-infrared molecular hydrogen (H2) line emission in a sample of 18 Class I and flat-spectrum low mass protostars, primarily in the Tau- Aur and ρ Oph dark clouds. The line emission is extended by up to several arcseconds (several hundred AU) for most objects, and there is little night-to-night variation in line strength coincident with the continuum point source. Flux ratios of H2 v = 2 - 1 S(1) and v = 1 - 0 S(1) lines are consistent with this emission arising in jets or winds in many objects. However, most objects have only small offsets (under 10 km s-1) between their H2 and photospheric radial velocities. No objects have line ratios which are clearly caused solely by UV excitation, but the H2 emission of several objects may be caused by UV or X-ray excitation in the presence of circumstellar dust. There are several objects in the sample whose observed velocities and line fluxes suggest quiescent, non-mechanical origins for their molecular hydrogen emissions. Overall we find the H2 emission properties of these protostars to be similar to the T Tauri stars studied in previous surveys.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 15 papes of text plus 5 figures and 2 tables
A Conversation with George G. Roussas
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Debasis
name: Samaniego, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: George G. Roussas was born in the city of Marmara in central Greece, on June 29, 1933. He received a B.A. with high honors in Mathematics from the University of Athens in 1956, and a Ph.D. in Statistics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1964. In 1964--1966, he served as Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the California State University, San Jose, and he was a faculty member of the Department of Statistics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1966--1976, starting as an Assistant Professor in 1966, becoming a Professor in 1972. He was a Professor of Applied Mathematics and Director of the Laboratory of Applied Mathematics at the University of Patras, Greece, in 1972--1984. He was elected Dean of the School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences at the University of Patras in 1978, and Chancellor of the university in 1981. He served for about three years as Vice President-Academic Affairs of the then new University of Crete, Greece, in 1981--1985. In 1984, he was a Visiting Professor in the Intercollege Division of Statistics at the University of California, Davis, and he was appointed Professor, Associate Dean and Chair of the Graduate Group in Statistics in the same university in 1985; he served in the two administrative capacities in 1985--1999. He is an elected member of the International Statistical Institute since 1974, a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society since 1975, a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics since 1983, and a Fellow of the American Statistical Association since 1986. He served as a member of the Council of the Hellenic Mathematical Society, and as President of the Balkan Union of Mathematicians.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-STS299A the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of HiDeF: identifying persistent structures in multiscale ‘omics data
Creators: name: Zheng, Fan
name: She Zhang
name: Churas, Christopher
name: Pratt, Dexter
name: Ivet Bahar
name: Ideker, Trey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary figures 1-9.
Towards organic microwave resonators Utilizing PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer
Creators: name: Moradpour, Maryam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Electronic waste (e-waste) has been rapidly growing with the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the 5/6th-generation of wireless technologies. Metals accounting for a substantial proportion of e-waste have posed challenges to satisfying the requirements of emerging technologies in terms of cost, weight, and eco-friendliness. Tackling these challenges requires an interdisciplinary solution to address the limitations of metal-based electronics while offering comparable mechanical and electrical robustness. This thesis introduced split-ring resonators referred to as organic microwave resonators (OMRs), where the metallic microstrip lines were replaced by an organic conducting polymer, called PEDOT:PSS. The dimensions of the OMR structures were engineered to achieve microwave components operating at various frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 5 GHz with a desired resonant amplitude. The OMRs were also investigated in electromagnetically coupled structures by implementing two SRRs which resulted in a profound resonant amplitude and quality-factor compared to a single SRR. Additionally, the performance of OMRs was validated for microwave sensing of materials in solid and gas states, which showed changes in their resonant response regarding changes in dielectric properties in their close environment. The performance of OMRs was studied in exposure to hazardous gas species where the PEDOT:PSS film acts as an embedded interface layer and translates its conductivity changes to microwave response change. The application of OMRs was extended to relative humidity detection by electromagnetically coupling a pair of OMRs and exposing them to water vapor. The proposed OMRs have demonstrated a relatively low quality-factor with respect to their metal-based counterparts, which consequently results in a lower-resolution device in sensing applications. To enhance the quality-factor of the response, the OMR was integrated with an active feedback system consisting of a low-noise amplifier and a phase shifter. This method not only demonstrated the capability of OMRs integrated with other microwave components but also resulted in a continuously tunable quality-factor from 1.5 to 600, a comparable quality-factor with their metal-based counterparts. The proposed technology provided a roadmap for the development of high-frequency organic electronics to shape future technologies in various applications, including wireless sensing, environmental monitoring, and wearable technologies.
Robustness to systematics for future dark energy probes
Creators: name: March, M. C.
name: Trotta, R.
name: Amendola, L.
name: Huterer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Figure of Merit formalism usually adopted to quantify the statistical performance of future dark energy probes to assess the robustness of a future mission to plausible systematic bias. We introduce a new robustness Figure of Merit which can be computed in the Fisher Matrix formalism given arbitrary systematic biases in the observable quantities. We argue that robustness to systematics is an important new quantity that should be taken into account when optimizing future surveys. We illustrate our formalism with toy examples, and apply it to future type Ia supernova (SNIa) and baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) surveys. For the simplified systematic biases that we consider, we find that SNIa are a somewhat more robust probe of dark energy parameters than the BAO. We trace this back to a geometrical alignement of systematic bias direction with statistical degeneracy directions in the dark energy parameter space.
description: Added clarifications following referee report, main results unchanged. Matched version accepted by MNRAS
Desenvolvimento de um quadro de competências para a formação em dados FAIR no Ensino Superior
Creators: name: Vieira, André
name: Príncipe, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha I da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
T-odd Transverse Momentum Distributions in Quark Models
Creators: name: Courtoy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general formalism for the evaluation of time-reversal odd parton distributions. This formalism is applied to the evaluation of the two T-odd TMDs allowed at the twist-2 level, i.e., the Sivers and the Boer-Mulders functions. We have performed the calculation for two different models of proton structure: a non relativistic constituent quark model and the MIT bag model. The results obtained in both models are compared. So are the two T-odd functions. We comment on the fulfilment of the Burkardt sum rule as well as on the current status of T-odd TMDs in phenomenology.
description: Proceedings for the "Light Cone 2010 Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics", Valencia, Spain 14-18 June 2010
nf-core/eager config file to run pathogen screening
Creators: name: Andrades Valtueña, Aida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Config file for to run nf-core/eager (Fellows Yates JA, Lamnidis TC, Borry M, Valtueña Andrades A, Fagernäs Z, Clayton S, Garcia MU, Neukamm J, Peltzer A. 2021. Reproducible, portable, and efficient ancient genome reconstruction with nf-core/eager. PeerJ 9:e10947. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10947, GitHub: https://github.com/nf-core/eager) to perform pathogen screening with the HOPS pipeline (Please cite Hübler, R., Key, F.M., Warinner, C. et al. HOPS: automated detection and authentication of pathogen DNA in archaeological remains. Genome Biol 20, 280 (2019) DOI:10.1186/s13059-019-1903-0, GitHub: https://github.com/rhuebler/HOPS). The database used required at least 1TB (build using all full bacteria and viral genomes from NCBI database as of November 2017). Example of how to run: nextflow run nf-core/eager -c screening_eva_nfcoreeager_hops.config -profile hops --input your_tsv.tsv --outdir your/out/dir -w your/out/dir/work
Additional file 1 of Rutting vocal display in male impala (Aepyceros melampus) and overlap with alarm context
Creators: name: Volodin, Ilya A.
name: Volodina, Elena V.
name: Frey, Roland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Bouts of male impala rutting calls included in acoustic analysis per recording site.
Chemically homogeneous evolution in massive binaries
Creators: name: de Mink, S. E.
name: Cantiello, M.
name: Langer, N.
name: Pols, O. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-06

description: Rotation can have severe consequences for the evolution of massive stars. It is now considered as one of the main parameters, alongside mass and metallicity that determine the final fate of single stars. In massive, fast rotating stars mixing processes induced by rotation may be so efficient that helium produced in the center is mixed throughout the envelope. Such stars evolve almost chemically homogeneously. At low metallicity they remain blue and compact, while they gradually evolve into Wolf-Rayet stars and possibly into progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts. In binaries this type of evolution may occur because of (I) tides in very close binaries, as a result of (II) spin up by mass transfer, as result of (III) a merger of the two stars and (IV) when one of the components in the binary was born with a very high initial rotation rate. As these stars stay compact, the evolutionary channels are very different from what classical binary evolutionary models predict. In this contribution we discuss examples of nearly chemically homogeneous evolution in very close tidally-locked binaries. Even in such very close massive binaries, the stars may remain compact and avoid mass transfer, while Roche lobe overflow and a merger would be inevitable in the classical picture. This type of evolution may provide an alternative path to form tight Wolf-Rayet binaries and massive black hole binaries.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Binary star evolution: mass loss, accretion and mergers", June 22-25, 2010, Mykonos, Greece
A minimal integer automaton behind crystal plasticity
Creators: name: Salman, Oguz Umut
name: Truskinovsky, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power law fluctuations and scale free spatial patterns are known to characterize steady state plastic flow in crystalline materials. In this Letter we study the emergence of correlations in a simple Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) type model of 2D plasticity which is largely free of arbitrariness, amenable to analytical study and is capable of generating critical exponents matching experiments. Our main observation concerns the possibility to reduce continuum plasticity to an integer valued automaton revealing inherent discreteness of the plastic flow.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
title: Thermal heat storage in abandoned coal mines in the Ruhr area
Creators: name: Nehler, Mathias
name: Hahn, Florian
name: Klein, Stefan
name: Stürmer, Stefan
name: Heinze, Thomas
name: Blaes, Laura
name: Licha, Tobias
name: Kosse, Pascal
name: Seidel, Torsten
name: König, Christoph M.
name: Grab, Thomas
name: Oppelt, Lukas
name: Wunderlich, Timm
name: Ahrens, Benedikt
name: Finger, Claudia
name: Bracke, Rolf
name: Dietl, Marco
name: Nettmann, Edith
name: Erstling, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Winzer project investigates the opportunities and challenges of implementing ATES systems in old groundwater-filled coal mines. For this purpose, a near-surface (<80 m) small coal mine in Bochum, Germany at the Fraunhofer IEG is used as the pilot site. The mine was tapped by three boreholes through which the groundwater is lifted and reinjected. The implementation of geothermal reuse in the old mine building in combination with a concentrated solar power system (CSP) is unique in the world. This allows seasonal storage of fluids with temperatures up to 60°C. In addition, a comprehensive condition monitoring was implemented. The measurement data and findings obtained will be used to make qualitative and quantitative statements on the hydrochemical, microbiological, geo-mechanical and ecological conditions during cyclic operations. The newly developed concepts and technologies will enhance the efficiency of the existing ATES system with regard to scalings and biofoulings at the heat exchangers as well as the safety, i.e. with regard to the mobilization potential of contaminants. Within the project the upscaling from the pilot site at the IEG through the planned development of the site of the former Dannenbaum mine is evaluated. There the hydraulic and geomechanical properties and changes in the ATES system can also be examined during the seasonal heat storage. By including numerical simulations, an optimization of the operation management concepts for the overall system is achieved and potentials for transferability to many other cities and networks in former coal mining regions in Europe will be shown.
Do Athermal Amorphous Solids Exist?
Creators: name: Hentschel, H. G. E.
name: Karmakar, Smarajit
name: Lerner, Edan
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elastic theory of amorphous solids made of particles with finite range interactions in the thermodynamic limit. For the elastic theory to exist one requires all the elastic coefficients, linear and nonlinear, to attain a finite thermodynamic limit. We show that for such systems the existence of non-affine mechanical responses results in anomalous fluctuations of all the nonlinear coefficients of the elastic theory. While the shear modulus exists, the first nonlinear coefficient B_2 has anomalous fluctuations and the second nonlinear coefficient B_3 and all the higher order coefficients (which are non-zero by symmetry) diverge in the thermodynamic limit. These results put a question mark on the existence of elasticity (or solidity) of amorphous solids at finite strains, even at zero temperature. We discuss the physical meaning of these results and propose that in these systems elasticity can never be decoupled from plasticity: the nonlinear response must be very substantially plastic.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
title: Gravitational collapse of a volcano edifice as a trigger for explosive carbonatite eruption? - a lesson from Kaiserstuhl
Creators: name: Rapprich, Vladislav
name: Walter, Benjamin F.
name: Kopačková-Strnadová, Veronika
name: Magna, Tomáš
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Miocene Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex in the Upper Rhine Graben is known for simultaneously exposing both intrusive and pyroclastic calciocarbonatites. This makes Kaiserstuhl a promising candidate for studying the field and genetic relations between intrusive calciocarbonatite and its eruptive equivalent, and the processes enabling eruption of the calciocarbonatite at the surface in particular. Eruptive calciocarbonatites in Kaiserstuhl are represented by carbonatite tuff and lapilli-stone beds covering a agglomerate fan on the western flank of the volcano. The debrites represent lahar (debris flow) and possibly also debris avalanche deposits. Based on observed textures, the debris flows were most likely derived by water-dilution from debris avalanches resulting from edifice failure, which occurred in the central part of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex and ultimately exposed the intrusive system. The carbonatite pyroclasts (lapilli and ash) were ejected from narrow vents represented by open framework tuff-breccias aligned along the detachment scarp. Since the Ca-carbonates break down rapidly at high temperatures and low pressures, calciocarbonatites are unlikely to form surface lavas. On the other hand, the presence of the calciocarbonatite pyroclastic deposits suggests that some geological process faster than the high-temperature break-down of Ca-carbonate may facilitate calciocarbonatite eruption. Prompt exposure of a suprasolidus high-level carbonatite intrusion by edifice collapse may be a suitable scenario enabling calciocarbonatite eruption. The absence of edifice failures on alkaline volcanoes, where carbonatite intrusion is either supposed or exposed, may explain overall scarcity of erupted calciocarbonatites.
title: From planetary sciences, earth sciences, volcanology to robotics and agriculture: Highlights from the 7th Summer School on Vulcano, Sicily, 2023
Creators: name: Unnithan, Vikram
name: Sohl, Frank
name: Riedel, Christian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The annual Summer School on Vulcano, Sicily will take place at the end of June 2023. This poster gives an impression and an overview of the highlights of this successful field-activity based summer school. This two-week summer school, is being held for the 7th time, and provides an important training ground for students, scientists, researchers, and technicians by exposing them to a variety of disciplines from geology, volcanology, geophysics, astrobiology, to planetary sciences. This year's additional theme is going to be robotics and agriculture - how our advances in robotics, especially from the space sciences, can aid and support agriculture and food production. In addition to lectures, a number of scientific experiments are planned on Vulcano, such as geoelectrics, astrobiology, spectroscopy, robotics, and intelligent drone-based mapping for agriculture. The summer school participants get the opportunity to work in teams on the above topics and are involved in the data acquisition, processing, visualization, and presentation. Lunchtime lectures, evening social events such as poster sessions, astronomy, and GIS classes complement the field-based activities. The interaction and collaboration between researchers is encouraged to foster inter- and transdisciplinary learning and understanding.
In addition to institutional funding, the summer school would not have been possible without generous funding by the Helmholtz iFOODis project and EUROPLANET.
title: The Carnian Pluvial Episode in Tethys Realm: Insights from multiproxy paleoclimate data
Creators: name: Mazaheri-Johari, Mina
name: Dal Corso, Jacopo
name: Roghi, Guido
name: Kustatscher, Evelyn
name: Mather, Tamsin
name: Gianolla, Piero
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE, 234–232 Ma) was a major climate change event in the Triassic. The CPE brought substantial changes in ecological community structure and the appearance of many key groups dominating modern marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here we present an interdisciplinary study of Upper Triassic strata in the Tethys realm to reconstruct the vegetation history and infer environmental changes during the Carnian. Furthermore, we applied Mercury (Hg) concentrations and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) to unwrap the role of volcanic activity as a major driver of this episode of climate warming and environmental perturbations. Palynological and paleobotanical data collected from the Northern Tethys (Kope-Dagh basin, NE Iran) show a shift towards hygrophytic elements reflecting the expansion of wet habitats on the continent during the latest early Carnian to late Carnian. The sedimentological and palynological patterns and plant fossil assemblages in the Northern Tethys closely resemble those observed in Western Tethys during CPE. This record represents the only clear record of the CPE in the Iranian plateau. Our geochemical data from Carnian marine sedimentary sequences of the Western Tethys demonstrate discrete spikes in Hg/TOC ratios during the CPE. The results suggest a direct link between the CPE and repeated pulses of the Wrangellia submarine Large Igneous Province that could have played a major role in the evolution of biota and the environment at that time. However, despite progress in understanding the CPE, significant uncertainty remains in addressing how the volcanic eruptions influenced different ecosystems/biotic communities, which deserves further studies.
Self-Healing Systems: Foundations and Challenges
Creators: name: Rodosek, Gabi Dreo
name: Geihs, Kurt
name: Schmeck, Hartmut
name: Stiller, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2009
Subjects: Self-healing Definition
Fault Tolerance
Terminology

description: The term and characteristic of self-healing, applied to systems, is often seen from different fields of computer science, such as fault tolerance or network and service management, with diverging semantics. Since this impression was confirmed also during the first discussions of the Dagstuhl seminar on "Self-Healing and Self-Adaptive Systems", a seminar's working group on "Terminology" was formed with the objective to address the question of finding commonalities and differences in a self-healing characteristic of stand-alone and distributed systems. The outcomes of the discussion in terms of foundations, the description of the self-healing process and the identification of the main challenges of such self-healing systems are presented.
Additional file 1 of Why do infants need out-of-hospital emergency medical services? A retrospective, population-based study
Creators: name: Oulasvirta, Jelena
name: Harve-Rytsälä, Heini
name: Lääperi, Mitja
name: Kuisma, Markku
name: Salmi, Heli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Full names of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes referred in the study.
title: Push pull tests for evaluating the sustainability of ATES systems: lessons learned from sensitivity acknowledging parameter optimization
Creators: name: Petrova, Elena
name: Blöcher, Guido
name: Kranz, Stefan
name: Regenspurg, Simona
name: Saadat, Ali
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
A thorough characterization of aquifer parameters is crucial for long-term predictions of the ATES system's functioning. Single well tests, also known as push-pull tests, have been widely used to identify effective porosity, flow velocity, decay constants, sorption coefficients, and heat storage capacity of the aquifer. For more than fifty years, multiple analytical and numerical approaches have been developed to validate push-pull test data and to identify model sensitivity. Despite the relatively straightforward approach, the main bottleneck of the push-pull test calibration is the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem solution. Especially in a deep ATES system data scarcity induces the parametric uncertainty and thus calls for the stochastic parameter optimization. To address this issue, a sensitivity-acknowledging surrogate modeling-based optimization technique for stochastic parameter optimization has been developed. Based on the analytical solution for heat and conservative tracer, a surrogate modeling-based optimization approach was developed to identify the heat storage from the push-pull test data. The optimization procedure has been validated against a synthetic dataset with parameter ranges from one of the ATES sites in Berlin. Results confirm that doing a push-pull test with heat and conservative tracer together enables uncertainty reduction. At the same time, sensitivity acknowledging optimization results in a much narrower posterior parameter distribution than the instant fusion of all available data. The modeling procedure highlights that objective function selection, as well as measurement accuracy, define the confidence interval and calibration precision.
The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: a standard LCDM halo around NGC 4374?
Creators: name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Romanowsky, A. J.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Douglas, N. G.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Coccato, L.
name: Gerhard, O.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Merrifield, M. R.
name: Bamford, S. P.
name: Cortesi, A.
name: Das, P.
name: Freeman, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our current programme to test LCDM predictions for dark matter (DM) haloes using extended kinematical observations of early-type galaxies, we present a dynamical analysis of the bright elliptical galaxy NGC 4374 (M84) based on ~450 Planetary Nebulae (PNe) velocities from the PN.Spectrograph, along with extended long-slit stellar kinematics. This is the first such analysis of a galaxy from our survey with a radially constant velocity dispersion profile. We find that the spatial and kinematical distributions of the PNe agree with the field stars in the region of overlap. The velocity kurtosis is consistent with zero at almost all radii. We construct a series of Jeans models, fitting both velocity dispersion and kurtosis to help break the mass-anisotropy degeneracy. Our mass models include DM halos either with shallow cores or with central cusps as predicted by cosmological simulations - along with the novel introduction in this context of adiabatic halo contraction from baryon infall. Both classes of models confirm a very massive dark halo around NGC 4374, demonstrating that PN kinematics data are well able to detect such haloes when present. Considering the default cosmological mass model, we confirm earlier suggestions that bright galaxies tend to have halo concentrations higher than LCDM predictions, but this is found to be solved if either a Salpeter IMF or adiabatic contraction with a Kroupa IMF is assumed. Thus for the first time a case is found where the PN dynamics may well be consistent with a standard dark matter halo. A cored halo can also fit the data, and prefers a stellar mass consistent with a Salpeter IMF. The less dramatic dark matter content found in lower-luminosity "ordinary" ellipticals suggests a bimodality in the halo properties which may be produced by divergent baryonic effects during their assembly histories.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures. MNRAS, accepted
Additional file 1 of Emergence of a mortality disparity between a marginal rural area and the rest of Denmark, 1968-2017
Creators: name: Holmager, Therese L. F.
name: Thygesen, Lars
name: Buur, Lene T.
name: Lynge, Elsebeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean population and mean number of deaths per year by sex for 5-year periods in Lolland municipality, Guldborgsund municipality and Denmark. Table S2. Life expectancy (years) and standardised mortality ratios [95% confidence interval] for Lolland and Guldborgsund municipalities by sex and 5-year calendar period. The standard population is Denmark. Figure S1. Population number for Lolland and Guldborgsund municipalities and for the total Danish population, 1968–2018. Age groups 0–24, 25–44, 45–64. Figure S2. Age-period-cohort analysis as rate ratios for men in Denmark, Lolland and Guldborgsund municipalities. Estimates for year adjusted for age and birth cohort using 1974–77 as reference. Estimates for birth cohort adjusted for age and year using 1942–46 as reference. Estimates for age adjusted for year and birth cohort using 0–4 years as reference. Figure S3. Age-period-cohort analysis as rate ratios for women in Denmark, Lolland and Guldborgsund municipalities. Estimates for year adjusted for age and birth cohort using 1974–77 as reference. Estimates for birth cohort adjusted for age and year using 1942–46 as reference. Estimates for age adjusted for year and birth cohort using 0–4 years as reference. Figure S4. Standardised mortality ratio by cause of death for Lolland and Guldborgsund municipalities by sex (reference population = total population of Denmark). Figure S5. Life expectancy of geographical areas in Denmark for 10-year periods, 1970–2019.