cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The design of tourist maps. Creating spaces for travellers
Creators: name: Preuß, Nadine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: maps
subject: tourists
subject: tourism
subject: mapping
subject: cartography
subject: city maps
subject: hiking
subject: hiking maps
subject: Kartographie
subject: Karten
subject: Stadtkarten
subject: Stadtpläne
subject: Wanderkarten
subject: Tourismus
subject: Touristen
subject: 710
subject: Tourismus / Stadtplan / Wanderkarte / Empfehlung

description: The present thesis deals with tourist maps. Although tourist maps are used by many people, there is a lack of research in this topic. There are no greater studies about existing tourist maps and there is also not much literature which claims how to design such maps. Present studies about tourist maps are always done from cartography’s point of view. Studies dealing with tourist maps from tourism’s point of view are missing. Therefore, one main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the quality of existing tourist maps. For this evaluation, technical literature about cartography and also tourism will be analysed. With the help of technical literature, design norms for tourist maps can be determined. After that, the design norms from literature are compared to existing tourist maps. Thus, it can be seen which cartographic rules are used in practice and which not. It will also be make clear which rules are maybe obsolete and which ones need to be followed in any case to make maps understandable. The thesis also shows how tourist maps can support spatial planning or how they can be of use in cities and areas which are affected in a negative way by mass tourism. The final aim of this thesis is to give design recommendations for tourist maps. These recommendations can be used for further production of tourist maps.
Electrostatic networks control plug stabilization in the PapC usher
Creators: name: Thieng Pham
name: Henderson, Nadine S.
name: Werneburg, Glenn T.
name: Thanassi, David G.
name: Delcour, Anne H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The PapC usher, a β-barrel pore in the outer membrane of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, is used for assembly of the P pilus, a key virulence factor in bacterial colonization of human kidney cells. Each PapC protein is composed of a 24-stranded β-barrel channel, flanked by N- and C-terminal globular domains protruding into the periplasm, and occluded by a plug domain (PD). The PD is displaced from the channel towards the periplasm during pilus biogenesis, but the molecular mechanism for PD displacement remains unclear. Two structural features within the β-barrel, an α-helix and β5-6 hairpin loop, may play roles in controlling plug stabilization. Here we have tested clusters of residues at the interface of the plug, barrel, α-helix and hairpin, which participate in electrostatic networks. To assess the roles of these residues in plug stabilization, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to compare the activity of wild-type and mutant PapC channels containing alanine substitutions at these sites. Mutations interrupting each of two salt bridge networks were relatively ineffective in disrupting plug stabilization. However, mutation of two pairs of arginines located at the inner and the outer surfaces of the PD resulted in an enhanced propensity for plug displacement. One arginine pair involved in a repulsive interaction between the linkers that tether the plug to the β-barrel was particularly sensitive to mutation. These results suggest that plug displacement, which is necessary for pilus assembly and translocation, may require a weakening of key electrostatic interactions between the plug linkers, and the plug and the α-helix.
Interplay between the charge density wave phase and a pseudogap under antiferromagnetic correlations
Creators: name: Prauchner, Leonardo
name: Calegari, Eleonir
name: Faundez, Julian
name: Magalhaes, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we explore the impact of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations on the charge density wave (CDW) phase in strongly correlated electron systems exhibiting the pseudogap phenomenon. Our investigation employs a n-pole approximation to consider the repulsive Coulomb interaction $(U)$ and antiferromagnetic correlations. Utilizing a two-dimensional Hubbard model for the Coulomb interaction and a BCS-like model for the CDW order parameter, we observe that an increase in $U$ enhances antiferromagnetic fluctuations, resulting in a flattened re-normalized band around the anti-nodal point $(π,0)$. The pseudogap manifests in the band structure and density of states, prompting an exploration across various $U$ and occupation number values. Our findings indicate that antiferromagnetic correlations significantly influence the CDW state, as the Fermi surface is reconstructed within the ordered phase. Furthermore, we find a Lifhsitz transition inside both the CDW phase and the normal state, with the latter preceding the onset of the pseudogap.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Probing CPT invariance with top quarks at the LHC
Creators: name: Belyaev, A.
name: Cerrito, L.
name: Lunghi, E.
name: Moretti, S.
name: Sherrill, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first model-independent sensitivity to CPT violation in the top-quark sector is extracted from ATLAS and CMS measurements of the top and antitop kinematical mass difference. We find that the temporal component of a CPT-violating background field interacting with the top-quark vector current is restricted within the interval $[-0.13,0.29]$ GeV at 95% confidence level.
description: 6 pages, journal version
Electrostatic networks control plug stabilization in the PapC usher
Creators: name: Thieng Pham
name: Henderson, Nadine S.
name: Werneburg, Glenn T.
name: Thanassi, David G.
name: Delcour, Anne H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The PapC usher, a β-barrel pore in the outer membrane of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, is used for assembly of the P pilus, a key virulence factor in bacterial colonization of human kidney cells. Each PapC protein is composed of a 24-stranded β-barrel channel, flanked by N- and C-terminal globular domains protruding into the periplasm, and occluded by a plug domain (PD). The PD is displaced from the channel towards the periplasm during pilus biogenesis, but the molecular mechanism for PD displacement remains unclear. Two structural features within the β-barrel, an α-helix and β5-6 hairpin loop, may play roles in controlling plug stabilization. Here we have tested clusters of residues at the interface of the plug, barrel, α-helix and hairpin, which participate in electrostatic networks. To assess the roles of these residues in plug stabilization, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to compare the activity of wild-type and mutant PapC channels containing alanine substitutions at these sites. Mutations interrupting each of two salt bridge networks were relatively ineffective in disrupting plug stabilization. However, mutation of two pairs of arginines located at the inner and the outer surfaces of the PD resulted in an enhanced propensity for plug displacement. One arginine pair involved in a repulsive interaction between the linkers that tether the plug to the β-barrel was particularly sensitive to mutation. These results suggest that plug displacement, which is necessary for pilus assembly and translocation, may require a weakening of key electrostatic interactions between the plug linkers, and the plug and the α-helix.
Diamond of Infrared Equivalences in Abelian Gauge Theories
Creators: name: He, Temple
name: Mitra, Prahar
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a tree-level equivalence between four distinct infrared objects in $(d+2)$-dimensional abelian gauge theories. These are ($i$) the large gauge charge $Q_\varepsilon$ where the function $\varepsilon$ on the sphere parameterizing large gauge transformations is identified with the Goldstone mode $θ$ of spontaneously broken large gauge symmetry; ($ii$) the soft effective action that captures the dynamics of the soft and Goldstone modes; ($iii$) the edge mode action with Neumann boundary conditions; and ($iv$) the Wilson line dressing of a scattering amplitude, including a novel dressing for soft photons, which have local charge distributions despite having vanishing global charge. The promotion of the large gauge parameter to the dynamical Goldstone and the novel dressing of soft gauge particles give rise to intriguing possibilities for the future study of infrared dynamics of gauge theories and gravity.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; v2: Clarified discussion in Section III.C, minor clarification footnotes added, version to appear in PRD
Detection Landscape in the Deci-Hertz Gravitational-Wave Spectrum
Creators: name: Izumi, Kiwamu
name: Jani, Karan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct observations of gravitational waves at frequencies around deci-Hertz will play a crucial role in fully exploiting the potential of multi-messenger astronomy. In this chapter, we discuss the detection landscape for the next several decades of the deci-Hertz gravitational-wave spectrum. We provide an overview of the experimental frontiers being considered to probe this challenging regime and the astrophysics and fundamental goals accessible towards them. This includes interferometric observatories in space with heliocentric and geocentric satellites, cubesats, lunar-based experiments and atom intereferometry. A major focus of this chapter is towards the technology behind DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) and its scientific pathfinder mission concept B-DECIGO.
description: Invited chapter for "Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy" (Eds. C. Bambi, S. Katsanevas and K. Kokkotas; Springer Singapore, 2021)
Advances in Machine and Deep Learning for Modeling and Real-time Detection of Multi-Messenger Sources
Creators: name: Huerta, E. A.
name: Zhao, Zhizhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.3; I.5; J.2
subject: 83-02, 83-04, 83-08, 85-08, 85-10, 68T07, 68T20,

description: We live in momentous times. The science community is empowered with an arsenal of cosmic messengers to study the Universe in unprecedented detail. Gravitational waves, electromagnetic waves, neutrinos and cosmic rays cover a wide range of wavelengths and time scales. Combining and processing these datasets that vary in volume, speed and dimensionality requires new modes of instrument coordination, funding and international collaboration with a specialized human and technological infrastructure. In tandem with the advent of large-scale scientific facilities, the last decade has experienced an unprecedented transformation in computing and signal processing algorithms. The combination of graphics processing units, deep learning, and the availability of open source, high-quality datasets, have powered the rise of artificial intelligence. This digital revolution now powers a multi-billion dollar industry, with far-reaching implications in technology and society. In this chapter we describe pioneering efforts to adapt artificial intelligence algorithms to address computational grand challenges in Multi-Messenger Astrophysics. We review the rapid evolution of these disruptive algorithms, from the first class of algorithms introduced in early 2017, to the sophisticated algorithms that now incorporate domain expertise in their architectural design and optimization schemes. We discuss the importance of scientific visualization and extreme-scale computing in reducing time-to-insight and obtaining new knowledge from the interplay between models and data.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures. Invited chapter for "Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy"; v2: updated to reflect published version
Equivariant neural networks for robust $\textit{CP}$ observables
Creators: name: Cruz, Sergio Sánchez
name: Kolosova, Marina
name: Álvarez, Clara Ramón
name: Petrucciani, Giovanni
name: Vischia, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the usage of equivariant neural networks in the search for violations of the charge-parity ($\textit{CP}$) symmetry in particle interactions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We design neural networks that take as inputs kinematic information of recorded events and that transform equivariantly under the a symmetry group related to the $\textit{CP}$ transformation. We show that this algorithm allows to define observables reflecting the properties of the $\textit{CP}$ symmetry, showcasing its performance in several reference processes in top quark and electroweak physics. Imposing equivariance as an inductive bias in the algorithm improves the numerical convergence properties with respect to other methods that do not rely on equivariance and allows to construct optimal observables that significantly improve the state-of-the-art methodology in the searches considered.
description: Replacing with published version
Kinetic inductance current sensor for visible to near-infrared wavelength transition-edge sensor readout
Creators: name: Szypryt, Paul
name: Bennett, Douglas A.
name: Florang, Ian Fogarty
name: Fowler, Joseph W.
name: Giachero, Andrea
name: Hummatov, Ruslan
name: Lita, Adriana E.
name: Mates, John A. B.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: O'Neil, Galen C.
name: Swetz, Daniel S.
name: Ullom, Joel N.
name: Vissers, Michael R.
name: Wheeler, Jordan
name: Gao, Jiansong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon detectors based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor are used in a number of visible to near-infrared applications, particularly for photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum information science. To be practical for large-scale spectroscopic imaging or photonic quantum computing applications, the size of visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor arrays and their associated readouts must be increased from a few pixels to many thousands. In this manuscript, we introduce the kinetic inductance current sensor, a scalable readout technology that exploits the nonlinear kinetic inductance in a superconducting resonator to make sensitive current measurements. Kinetic inductance current sensors can replace superconducting quantum interference devices for many applications because of their ability to measure fast, high slew-rate signals, their compatibility with standard microwave frequency-division multiplexing techniques, and their relatively simple fabrication. Here, we demonstrate the readout of a visible to near-infrared transition-edge sensor using a kinetic inductance current sensor with 3.7 MHz of bandwidth. We measure a readout noise of 1.4 pA/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, considerably below the detector noise at frequencies of interest, and an energy resolution of $(0.137 \pm 0.001)$ eV at 0.8 eV, comparable to resolutions observed with non-multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readouts.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Librarians as Partners in Citizen Science: Drivers and Barriers
Creators: name: Kaseorg, Svea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: libocs
citizen science
academic libraries
civic engagement

description: Slides from Multiplier Event "Strengthening the Role of Libraries for Rising Citizen Science: LibOCS shares knowledge and experience", took place at Kaunas University of Technology Campus Library (Studentų St. 48, Kaunas, Lithuania). 

 

Project Number: 2021-1-EE01-KA220-HED-000031125

Project Acronym: LibOCS

Project Title: University libraries strengthening the academia-society connection through citizen science in the Baltics

This project is funded under the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnerships program.
Modeling the interplay between epidemics and regional socio-economics
Creators: name: Snellman, Jan E.
name: Barrio, Rafael A.
name: Kaski, Kimmo K.
name: Käpylä, Maarit J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11

description: In this study we present a dynamical agent-based model to investigate the interplay between the socio-economy of and SEIRS-type epidemic spreading over a geographical area, divided to smaller area districts and further to smallest area cells. The model treats the populations of cells and authorities of districts as agents, such that the former can reduce their economic activity and the latter can recommend economic activity reduction both with the overall goal to slow down the epidemic spreading. The agents make decisions with the aim of attaining as high socio-economic standings as possible relative to other agents of the same type by evaluating their standings based on the local and regional infection rates, compliance to the authorities' regulations, regional drops in economic activity, and efforts to mitigate the spread of epidemic. We find that the willingness of population to comply with authorities' recommendations has the most drastic effect on the epidemic spreading: periodic waves spread almost unimpeded in non-compliant populations, while in compliant ones the spread is minimal with chaotic spreading pattern and significantly lower infection rates. Health and economic concerns of agents turn out to have lesser roles, the former increasing their efforts and the latter decreasing them.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
Interpolating Detailed Simulations of Kilonovae: Adaptive Learning and Parameter Inference Applications
Creators: name: Ristic, M.
name: Champion, E.
name: O'Shaughnessy, R.
name: Wollaeger, R.
name: Korobkin, O.
name: Chase, E. A.
name: Fryer, C. L.
name: Hungerford, A. L.
name: Fontes, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed radiative transfer simulations of kilonovae are difficult to apply directly to observations; they only sparsely cover simulation parameters, such as the mass, velocity, morphology, and composition of the ejecta. On the other hand, semianalytic models for kilonovae can be evaluated continuously over model parameters, but neglect important physical details which are not incorporated in the simulations, thus introducing systematic bias. Starting with a grid of 2D anisotropic simulations of kilonova light curves covering a wide range of ejecta properties, we apply adaptive-learning techniques to iteratively choose new simulations and produce high-fidelity surrogate models for those simulations. These surrogate models allow for continuous evaluation across model parameters while retaining the microphysical details about the ejecta. Using a new code for multimessenger inference, we demonstrate how to use our interpolated models to infer kilonova parameters. Comparing to inferences using simplified analytic models, we recover different ejecta properties. We discuss the implications of this analysis which is qualitatively consistent with similar previous work using detailed ejecta opacity calculations and which illustrates systematic challenges for kilonova modeling. An associated data and code release provides our interpolated light-curve models, interpolation implementation which can be applied to reproduce our work or extend to new models, and our multimessenger parameter inference engine.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures
$B-L$ model with $A_4\times Z_3\times Z_4$ symmetry for $3+1$ active$-$sterile neutrino mixing
Creators: name: Vien, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a multiscalar and nonrenormalizable $B-L$ model with $A_4\times Z_3\times Z_4$ flavor symmetry which successfully explains the recent $3+1$ active-sterile neutrino data. The tiny neutrino mass the mass hierarchy are obtained by the type-I seesaw mechanism. The hierarchy of the lepton masses is satisfied by a factor of $v_H \left(\frac{v_l}Λ\right)^2 \sim 10^{-4}\, \mathrm{GeV}$ of the electron mass compared to the muon and tau masses of the order of $\frac{v_H v_l}Λ \sim 10^{-1}\, \mathrm{GeV}$. The recent $3+1$ active-sterile neutrino mixings are predicted to be $0.015 \leq|U_{e 4}|^2\leq 0.045$, $0.004 \leq|U_{μ4}|^2\leq 0.012$, $0.004 \leq|U_{τ4}|^2\leq 0.014$ for normal hierarchy and $0.020\leq|U_{e 4}|^2\leq 0.045$, $0.008 \leq|U_{μ4}|^2\leq 0.018$, $0.008\leq|U_{τ4}|^2\leq 0.022$ for inverted hierarchy. Sterile neutrino masses are predicted to be $0.7 \lesssim m_s \, (\mathrm{eV}) \lesssim 3.16$ for normal hierarchy and $2.6 \lesssim m_s \, (\mathrm{eV}) \lesssim 7.1$ for inverted hierarchy. For three neutrino scheme the model predicts $0.3401 \leq \sin^2θ_{12}\leq 0.3415, \, 0.460 \leq \sin^2θ_{23}\leq 0.540,\, -0.60 \leq \sinδ_{CP}\leq -0.20$ for normal hierarchy and $0.3402 \leq \sin^2θ_{12}\leq 0.3416,\, 0.434\leq\sin^2θ_{23}\leq 0.610,\, -0.95 \leq \sinδ_{CP}\leq -0.60$ for inverted hierarchy. The effective neutrino masses are predicted to be $35.70 \leq \langle m_{ee}\rangle [\mbox{meV}] \leq 36.50$ in 3+1 scheme and $3.65 \leq \langle m^{(3)}_{ee}\rangle [\mbox{meV}] \leq 4.10$ in three neutrino scheme for NH while $160.0 \leq \langle m_{ee}\rangle [\mbox{meV}] \leq 168.0$ in 3+1 scheme and $47.80 \leq \langle m^{(3)}_{ee}\rangle [\mbox{meV}] \leq 48.70$ in three neutrino scheme for for IH which are all in agreement with the recent experimental data.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
Neuropathologisches Spektrum bei Patient*innen mit ungünstiger Entwicklung kognitiver Leistungen nach Epilepsiechirurgie
Creators: name: Reimers, Annika
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fokale Epilepsie
subject: Pharmakoresistente Epilepsie
subject: Epilepsiechirurgie
subject: Neurodegeneration
subject: Kognitiver Abbau
subject: Isolierte Gliose
subject: Aß
subject: pTau
subject: fokal epilepsy
subject: pharmacoresistant epilepsy
subject: epilepsy surgery
subject: cognitive decline
subject: neurodegeneration
subject: gliosis only
subject: ddc:610

description: Bei pharmakoresistenten fokalen Epilepsien spielen epilepsiechirurgische Verfahren eine entscheidende Rolle in der Therapie. Während die Mehrzahl entsprechender Patient*innen sowohl hinsichtlich der Anfallsfrequenz als auch der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit von einem operativen Eingriff profitiert, zeigt ein Bruchteil von Patient*innen postoperativ einen schweren kognitiven Abbau mit dramatischen Folgen für die Lebensqualität.
 Die Grundhypothese dieser Arbeit lautete daher, dass Patient*innen mit einem ungünstigen kognitiven Verlauf nach epilepsiechirurgischer Versorgung eine neuropathologische Sekundärpathologie aufweisen, welche einem günstigen kognitiven Verlauf entgegensteht. Retrospektiv wurde eine Patient*innenkohorte aus 24 epilepsiechirurgischen Patient*innen mit ungünstigen kognitiven Verlaufsparametern postoperativ identifiziert und detailliert neuropathologisch re-analysiert. Als Kontrollgruppe diente ein Patient*innenkollektiv mit äquivalenten Epilepsie-relevanten klinisch-neuropathologischen Parametern, jedoch charakteristisch günstigen kognitiven Verläufen postoperativ.
 Das Spektrum der neuropathologischen Primärdiagnosen der Patient*innenkohorte und des Kontrollkollektivs entsprach insgesamt typischen Diagnosen chronisch fokaler Epilepsien. In der untersuchten Patient*innenkohorte fanden sich insbesondere HS (n = 12), neoplastische (LEATs, n = 5) und dysplastische (FCD, n = 1) Läsionen sowie vaskuläre Malformationen (Kavernom, n = 1). Bei 71 % der Patient*innen der untersuchten Kohorte fand sich eine spezifische Sekundärpathologie: (1) hippocampale isolierte Gliose (‚iGlio‘) ohne segmentale Neurodegeneration, (2) Schädigungsmuster ‚analog zu limbischer Enzephalitis‘ (‚LE-artig‘), (3) neurodegenerative Prozesse mit Präsenz von extrazellulären Aß-Akkumulaten und intrazellulären hyperphosphorylierten pTau-Aggregaten. Im Kontrollkollektiv fanden sich keine entsprechenden Kombinationen von Primär- und Sekundärpathologien.
 Epilepsie-Patient*innen mit unerwarteter kognitiver Verschlechterung postoperativ wiesen eine markante Häufung von Kombinationen typischer Primär- und unerwarteter Sekundärpathologien auf. Repetitive neuropsychologische Untersuchungen sowie serologische Analysen können präoperativ sinnvoll sein, um Patient*innen mit entsprechendem Risiko frühzeitig zu erkennen und ihnen die Möglichkeit alternativer Therapiealgorithmen zu eröffnen.
Algorithmic Principles of Camera-based Respiratory Motion Extraction
Creators: name: Wang, Wenjin
name: Brinker, Albertus C. den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Measuring the respiratory signal from a video based on body motion has been proposed and recently matured in products for video health monitoring. The core algorithm for this measurement is the estimation of tiny chest/abdominal motions induced by respiration, and the fundamental challenge is motion sensitivity. Though prior arts reported on the validation with real human subjects, there is no thorough/rigorous benchmark to quantify the sensitivities and boundary conditions of motion-based core respiratory algorithms that measure sub-pixel displacement between video frames. In this paper, we designed a setup with a fully-controllable physical phantom to investigate the essence of core algorithms, together with a mathematical model incorporating two motion estimation strategies and three spatial representations, leading to six algorithmic combinations for respiratory signal extraction. Their promises and limitations are discussed and clarified via the phantom benchmark. The insights gained in this paper are intended to improve the understanding and applications of camera-based respiration measurement in health monitoring.
description: Camera based contactless health monitoring
X-ray spectra of black hole X-ray binaries with returning radiation
Creators: name: Mirzaev, Temurbek
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Jiang, Jiachen
name: Liu, Honghui
name: Riaz, Shafqat
name: Shashank, Swarnim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the disk-corona model, the X-ray spectrum of a stellar-mass black hole in an X-ray binary is characterized by three components: a thermal component from a thin and cold accretion disk, a Comptonized component from a hot corona, and a reflection component produced by illumination of the cold disk by the hot corona. In this paper, we assume a lamppost corona and we improve previous calculations of the X-ray spectrum of black hole X-ray binaries. The reflection spectrum is produced by the direct radiation from the corona as well as by the returning radiation of the thermal and reflection components and is calculated considering the actual spectrum illuminating the disk. If we turn the corona off, the reflection spectrum is completely generated by the returning radiation of the thermal component, as it may happen for some sources in soft spectral states. After choosing the radial density profile of the accretion disk, the ionization parameter is calculated self-consistently at any radial coordinate of the disk from the illuminating X-ray flux and the local electron density. We show the predictions of our model in different regimes and we discuss its current limitations as well as the next steps to improve it.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. v2: refereed version
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer: Development, Characterization, and the 21 August 2017 Eclipse Observation
Creators: name: Samra, Jenna E.
name: Marquez, Vanessa
name: Cheimets, Peter
name: DeLuca, Edward E.
name: Golub, Leon
name: Hannigan, James W.
name: Madsen, Chad A.
name: Vira, Alisha
name: Adams, Arn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On August 21, 2017, the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) observed the total solar eclipse at an altitude of 14 km from aboard the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft. The instrument successfully observed the five coronal emission lines that it was designed to measure: Si X 1.431 $μ$m, S XI 1.921 $μ$m, Fe IX 2.853 $μ$m, Mg VIII 3.028 $μ$m, and Si IX 3.935 $μ$m. Characterizing these magnetically sensitive emission lines is an important first step in designing future instruments to monitor the coronal magnetic field, which drives space weather events as well as coronal heating, structure, and dynamics. The AIR-Spec instrument includes an image stabilization system, feed telescope, grating spectrometer, and slit-jaw imager. This paper details the instrument design, optical alignment method, image processing, and data calibration approach. The eclipse observations are described and the available data are summarized.
description: 25 pages, 28 figures, 6 tables
Active particles in reactive disordered media: how does adsorption affects diffusion?
Creators: name: Salgado-García, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study analytically and numerically the transport properties of non-interacting active particles moving on a $d$-dimensional disordered media. The disorder in the space is modeled by means of a set of non-overlapping spherical obstacles. We assume that obstacles are reactive in the sense that they react in the presence of the particles in an attractive manner: when the particle collides with an obstacle, it is attached during a random time (adsorption time), i.e., it gets adsorbed by an obstacle; thereafter the particle is detached from the obstacle and continues its motion in a random direction. We give an analytical formula for the effective diffusion coefficient when the mean adsorption time is finite. When the mean adsorption time is infinite, we show that the system undergoes a transition from a normal to anomalous diffusion regime. We also show that another transition takes place in the mean number of adsorbed particles: in the anomalous diffusion phase all the particles become adsorbed in the average. We show that the fraction of adsorbed particles, seen as an order parameter of the system, undergoes a second-order-like phase transition, because the fraction of adsorbed particles is not differentiable but changes continuously as a function of a parameter of the model.
description: 6 figures, 14 pages
TinySV: Speaker Verification in TinyML with On-device Learning
Creators: name: Pavan, Massimo
name: Mombelli, Gioele
name: Sinacori, Francesco
name: Roveri, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: TinyML is a novel area of machine learning that gained huge momentum in the last few years thanks to the ability to execute machine learning algorithms on tiny devices (such as Internet-of-Things or embedded systems). Interestingly, research in this area focused on the efficient execution of the inference phase of TinyML models on tiny devices, while very few solutions for on-device learning of TinyML models are available in the literature due to the relevant overhead introduced by the learning algorithms.
 The aim of this paper is to introduce a new type of adaptive TinyML solution that can be used in tasks, such as the presented \textit{Tiny Speaker Verification} (TinySV), that require to be tackled with an on-device learning algorithm. Achieving this goal required (i) reducing the memory and computational demand of TinyML learning algorithms, and (ii) designing a TinyML learning algorithm operating with few and possibly unlabelled training data. The proposed TinySV solution relies on a two-layer hierarchical TinyML solution comprising Keyword Spotting and Adaptive Speaker Verification module. We evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed TinySV solution on a dataset collected expressly for the task and tested the proposed solution on a real-world IoT device (Infineon PSoC 62S2 Wi-Fi BT Pioneer Kit).
Homogenization problems for the compressible Navier-Stokes system in 2D perforated domains
Creators: name: Necasova, Sarka
name: Pan, Jiaojiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the homogenization problems for the stationary compressible Navier-Stokes system in a bounded 2D domain, where the domain is perforated with very tiny holes (or obstacles) whose diameters are much smaller than their mutual distances. We obtain that the process of homogenization doesn't change the motion of the fluids. From another point of view, we obtain the same system of equations in the asymptotic limit. It is the first result of homogenization problem in the compressible case in 2 dimensions.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.09269 by other authors
Simulating radio synchrotron emission in star-forming galaxies: small-scale magnetic dynamo and the origin of the far infrared-radio correlation
Creators: name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Werhahn, Maria
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Girichidis, Philipp
name: Simpson, Christine M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In star-forming galaxies, the far-infrared (FIR) and radio-continuum luminosities obey a tight empirical relation over a large range of star-formation rates (SFR). We examine magneto-hydrodynamic galaxy simulations with cosmic rays (CRs), accounting for their advective and anisotropic diffusive transport. We show that gravitational collapse of the proto-galaxy generates a corrugated accretion shock, which injects turbulence and drives a small-scale magnetic dynamo. As the shock propagates outwards and the associated turbulence decays, the large velocity shear between the supersonically rotating cool disc with respect to the (partially) pressure-supported hot circumgalactic medium excites Kelvin-Helmholtz surface and body modes. Those inject turbulence and drive multiple small-scale dynamos, which exponentially amplify magnetic fields. They grow in scale to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies in Milky Way-mass galaxies. In small galaxies, the magnetic energy saturates at the turbulent energy while it fails to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies. We solve for steady-state spectra of CR protons, secondary electrons/positrons from hadronic CR-proton interactions with the interstellar medium, and primary shock-accelerated electrons at supernovae. The radio-synchrotron emission is dominated by primary electrons, irradiates the magnetised disc, bulge, and bubble-shaped magnetically-loaded outflows of our simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy. Our star-forming and star-bursting galaxies with saturated magnetic fields match the global FIR-radio correlation (FRC) across four orders of magnitude. Its intrinsic scatter arises due to (i) different magnetic saturation levels that result from different seed magnetic fields, (ii) different radio synchrotron luminosities for different specific SFRs at fixed SFR and (iii) a varying radio intensity with galactic inclination. (abridged)
description: 37 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Automatic Crater Detection by Training Random Forest Classifiers with Legacy Crater Map and Spatial Structural Information Derived from Digital Terrain Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Wen
name: Qin, Cheng-Zhi
name: Cheng, Wei-Ming
name: Zhu, A-Xing
name: Wang, Yu-Jing
name: Zhu, Liang-Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Detection of craters is important not only for planetary research but also for engineering applications. Although the existing crater detection approaches (CDAs) based on terrain analysis consider the topographic information of craters, they do not take into account the spatial structural information of real craters. In this article, we propose an automatic crater detection approach by training random forest classifiers with data from legacy crater map and spatial structural information of craters derived from digital terrain analysis. In the proposed two-stage approach, first, the cells in a legacy crater map are used as samples to train the random forest classifier at a cell level based on multiscale landform element information. This trained classifier is then applied to identify crater candidates in the areas of interest. Second, an object-level random forest classifier is trained with radial elevation profiles of craters and is subsequently applied to evaluate whether each crater candidate is real. A case study using the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter crater map and lunar digital elevation model with 500-m resolution showed that the proposed approach performs better than AutoCrat (a representative CDA), and can mine the implicit expert knowledge on the spatial structures of real craters from legacy crater maps. The proposed approach could be extended to extract other geomorphologic types in similar application situations.
On the mean-field limit for the consensus-based optimization
Creators: name: Huang, Hui
name: Qiu, Jinniao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the large particle limit for the consensus-based optimization (CBO), which was postulated in the pioneering works [6,28]. In order to solve this open problem, we adapt a compactness argument by first proving the tightness of the empirical measures $\{μ^N\}_{N\geq 2}$ associated to the particle system and then verifying that the limit measure $μ$ is the unique weak solution to the mean-field CBO equation. Such results are extended to the model of particle swarm optimization (PSO).
Heat Waves and Road Traffic Collisions in Alabama, United States
Creators: name: Wu, Connor Y. H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology

description: The effects of heat waves on traffic collisions require investigation to improve traffic safety during extreme heat events. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine associations between heat waves and traffic collisions in Alabama between May and September from 2009 to 2018. We derived a heat wave index, defined as the daily mean temperature greater than the 95th percentile for two or more consecutive days, by meteorological data from Phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System. We obtained traffic collision records from the Alabama Department of Transportation. A nonsignificant and negative association between traffic collisions and heat waves was noted, with a 1.4 percent decrease (95 percent confidence interval [CI] [−3.1 percent, 0.4 percent]) in traffic collisions on heat wave days compared to non–heat wave days. Similar results were found when the analysis was stratified by driver-related factors (i.e., gender, age, race, employment status, and driver residence distances), vehicle-related factors (i.e., vehicle usage), and collision-related factors (i.e., rural or urban roads, speed limits, and intersections). A significant and positive association was observed on heat wave days without precipitation, however (23.5 percent increase; 95 percent CI [7.3 percent, 42.3 percent]). In conclusion, traffic collisions were not associated with heat waves in many collision-related conditions in Alabama.
Regular sloshing modes in irregular cavities using metabathymetry
Creators: name: Anglart, Adam
name: Maurel, Agnès
name: Petitjeans, Philippe
name: Pagneux, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive investigation, combining numerical simulations and experimental measurements, into the manipulation of water waves and resonance characteristics within closed cavities utilizing anisotropic metamaterials. We engineer the anisotropic media with subwavelength-scale layered bathymetry through the application of coordinate transformation theory and the homogenization technique to a fully three-dimensional linear water wave problem. Experimental and numerical analyses of deformed cavities employing anisotropic metamaterial bathymetry demonstrate regular sloshing mode patterns and eigenfrequencies akin to those observed in rectangular reference cavities with flat bathymetry. Our study underscores the potential of water wave metamaterials in establishing robust anisotropic metabathymetry for the precise control of sloshing modes.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, abstract presented in Bulletin of the American Physical Society 65 (2020)
Analisis Kestabilan Lereng Metode Q-Slope Kesetimbangan Batas dan Probabilitas Longsor pada Tambang Andesit
Creators: name: Wahyu Nusantara Akbar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91405 Mining Engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Mining activities in research location have entered mining closure phase, so the mining activities produce the final slope that consisting of 4 single slopes with overall slope height 65m and overall slope angle 62° which their condition is not yet known of stability. The overall slope at mining closure has discontinuities that have affect to potential of failure based on kinematic analysis. Geotechnical mapping is applied to every single slope that use line mapping or scanline method (Priest & Hudson, 1973). Rock mass properties as an input parameter for analysis slope stability are known based on rock physical and rock mechanic properties test. Analysis slope stability based on potential of failure used empirical method Q-Slope (Bar & Barton, 2015), analytical method limit equilibrium (Hoek & Bray, 1981), statistical analysis probability of failure used Monte Carlo method. Based on kinematic analysis that can be known potential of failure at research location is plane failure on a single slope 1 & 2, wedge forming that can’t failure on a single slope 3 and wedge forming that can failure on a single slope 4. The result of slope stability used Q-Slope method is the slope in stable condition because the maximal slope angle Q-Slope is greater than the actual slope angle (βQ-Slope ˃ βSlope). The factor of safety using limit equilibrium method and probability of failure using Monte Carlo method on each single slope use geometry of actual slope and geometry of Q-Slope is known in stable condition both in dry condition and in wet condition because fulfil acceptance criteria with factor of safety (FoS) ≥ 1,1 and probability of failure (PoF) ≤ 37,5% according to regulation Ministerial Decree ESDM 1827/K/30/MEM/2018.
Accessing quark GPDs in diffractive events at an electron-ion collider
Creators: name: Cosyn, W.
name: Pire, B.
name: Szymanowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two collider processes which combine a diffractively produced $ρ$ meson separated by a large rapidity gap from a hard exclusive scattering of a Pomeron on a nucleon, giving rise to a lepton pair or to a second meson. These two processes probe the nucleon quark content described by generalized parton distributions in a very specific way.
description: 6 pages, Proceedings for the XXVIII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects,Stony Brook University, New York, USA, 12-16 April 2021
Eigenstate plateau transition and equilibration in 1D quantum lattice models
Creators: name: Li, Wei-Han
name: Saberi, Abbas Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a remarkable spectral phenomenon in a generic type of quantum lattice gas model. As the interaction strength increases, eigenstates spontaneously reorganize and lead to plateaus of the interaction energy, with gaps opening akin to continuous phase transitions. Perturbation theory identifies a hidden structure underlying eigenstates within each plateau, resulting in a statistical shift in the wavefunction amplitudes described by extreme value theory. The structured eigenstates manifest themselves naturally in far-from-equilibrium dynamics proceeding through multiple universal stages. Our findings reveal a profound connection between emergent properties in high-energy states and out-of-equilibrium dynamics, providing insights into the impact of interactions across the entire energy spectrum. The results are directly relevant to experiments probing equilibration in quantum spin and lattice gases.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures