cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmological implications of inflaton-mediated dark and visible matter scatterings after reheating
Creators: name: Ghosh, Deep
name: Gope, Sourav
name: Mukhopadhyay, Satyanarayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial density of dark matter (DM) particles, otherwise secluded from the standard model (SM), may be generated at reheating, with an initial temperature ratio for internal thermalizations, $ξ_i=T_{\rm DM,i}/T_{\rm SM,i}$. This scenario necessarily implies inflaton-mediated scatterings between DM and SM after reheating, with a rate fixed by the relic abundance of DM and the reheat temperature. These scatterings can be important for an inflaton mass and reheat temperature as high as $\mathcal{O}(10^7 {~\rm GeV})$ and $\mathcal{O}(10^9{~\rm GeV})$, respectively, since the thermally averaged collision terms become approximately independent of the inflaton mass when the bath temperature is larger than the mass. The impact of these scatterings on DM cosmology is studied modeling the perturbative reheating physics by a gauge-invariant set of inflaton interactions upto dimension-5 with the SM gauge bosons, fermions and the Higgs fields. It is observed that an initially lower (higher) DM temperature will rapidly increase (decrease), even with very small couplings to the inflaton. There is a sharp lower bound on the DM mass below which the relic abundance cannot be satisfied due to faster back-scatterings depleting DM quanta to SM particles. For low DM masses, the CMB constraints become stronger due to the collisions for $ξ_i<1$, probing values as small as $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$, and weaker for $ξ_i>1$. The BBN constraints become stronger due to the collisions for lower DM masses, probing $ξ_i$ as small as $\mathcal{O}(0.1)$, and weaker for higher DM mass. Thus inflaton-mediated collisions with predictable rates, relevant even for high-scale inflation models, can significantly impact the cosmology of light DM.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures; v2: comments added, version as published in Physical Review D
Additional file 1 of Aerobic exercise-induced HIF-1α upregulation in heart failure: exploring potential impacts on MCT1 and MPC1 regulation
Creators: name: Xu, Longfei
name: Yang, Miaomiao
name: Wei, Aili
name: Wei, Zilin
name: Qin, Yingkai
name: Wang, Kun
name: Li, Bin
name: Chen, Kang
name: Liu, Chen
name: Li, Chao
name: Wang, Tianhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Changes in leaching patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus after artificial drainage of a boreal forest — a paired catchment study in Lappajärvi, western Finland
Creators: name: Åström, M.
name: Aaltonen, E.-K.
name: Koivusaari, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: The effect of ditching of boreal (Finnish) peat-rich forest land on leaching patterns of phosphorus and nitrogen was assessed using a paired catchment approach (response stream + control stream) for a 4 + 1 year study period. After the ditching operations, the leaching of the organic nitrogen (TON) decreases, while that of the inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and phosphorus (total reactive P and total non-reactive P) increases. The TON does not decrease as much as TOC does, indicating that the pool of organic material being leached after the ditching is enriched in nitrogen. The increased leaching of ammonium and nitrate after ditching is related most likely to ammonification and nitrification processes in peat biomass after the release of excess surface water. The behaviour of P is complex. The data indicate that the major controls of the determined P fractions are the Fe redox chemistry and the behaviour of Fe hydroxides.
TESS Experiments: Optimizing Schools? Public Perceptions of Algorithmic versus Status Quo Prioritization in K-12 Schooling
Creators: name: Johnson, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted to examine the public attitudes toward school districts deploying algorithms to allot limited resources to students: high-dosage tutoring to compensate for COVID-19 related learning loss. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of twelve conditions which asked respondents to assess the fairness of an algorithmic assessment compared to the status quo method of ascertaining student need for tutoring (counselor discretion vs. parent request vs. simple rule vs. weighted lottery) within the school district’s specified ethnoracial context (majority Black and Hispanic vs. integrated vs. majority White). After completing their initial ratings, respondents read an update about bias in the algorithm and were asked whether their rating changed. A total of 5,643 respondents participated, including an oversample of 1,335 parents of children in grades K-12. Prior to treatment, respondents. This allowed for comparison of attitudes about algorithmic assessments across conditions, parent status, and respondent demographics.
Noisy Measurements Are Important, the Design of Census Products Is Much More Important
Creators: name: Abowd, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: McCartan et al. (2023) call for "making differential privacy work for census data users." This commentary explains why the 2020 Census Noisy Measurement Files (NMFs) are not the best focus for that plea. The August 2021 letter from 62 prominent researchers asking for production of the direct output of the differential privacy system deployed for the 2020 Census signaled the engagement of the scholarly community in the design of decennial census data products. NMFs, the raw statistics produced by the 2020 Census Disclosure Avoidance System before any post-processing, are one component of that design-the query strategy output. The more important component is the query workload output-the statistics released to the public. Optimizing the query workload-the Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File, specifically-could allow the privacy-loss budget to be more effectively managed. There could be fewer noisy measurements, no post-processing bias, and direct estimates of the uncertainty from disclosure avoidance for each published statistic.
Composition and origins of aerosol during a high PM10 episode in Finland
Creators: name: Tervahattu, H.
name: Hongisto, M.
name: Aarnio, P.
name: Kupiainen, K.
name: Sillanpää, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: We investigated the sources of a PM10 episode in September 2001 on the coasts of the Gulf of Finland. The episode lasted six days with the peak phase lasting over 14 hours. The highest hourly PM10 concentration was 190 ug m–3. Exceptional meteorological conditions strongly influenced the course of the episode. Very warm air masses came from central Asia forming a stable inversion over the Gulf of Finland. Dust emissions from the Estonian and Russian oil-shale burning industrial areas near the southeastern coast of the Gulf of Finland were transported over the Gulf above the inversion layer. After reaching the northern coast the PM was mixed down by convection and partly by gravitation, and then transported westwards along the coastline. The chemical analyses by SEM/EDX and IC indicated that the particles had both the characteristics of the oil-shale burning emissions and soil dust. Windy conditions in the Kazakhstan Ryn Peski desert raised soil dust into the air. This dust was transported towards Scandinavia and mixed with the anthropogenic emissions. Such large quantities of coarse particles from foreign sources have not been observed earlier in Helsinki.
Megachile tributa Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile tributa

description: tributa Vachal, new comb.
Megachile tributa Vachal 1909: 15. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Impacts of climatic change on agricultural nutrient losses in Finland
Creators: name: Kallio, K.
name: Rekolainen, S.
name: Ekholm, P.
name: Granlund, K.
name: Laine, Y.
name: Johnsson, H.
name: Hoffman, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1997

description: Changes in nitrate and particulate phosphorus losses from agricultural areas in Finland were estimated in a new equilibrium climate assuming an increase of 4.7 °C in temperature and 12% in precipitation as compared to the present climate. The assessment was mainly based on the use of mathematical simulation models. Process-oriented soil profile and field-scale models (SOIL/SOILN and modified CREAMS) were used to estimate potential nutrient losses for typical combinations of slopes, soils, crops and climatic regions in Finland. These model results were then combined with the geographical data sets to produce regional estimates of the impact of climate change. In addition, a simple drainage basin scale model based on the HBV runoff model was used to estimate the changes in nutrient losses from a typical agricultural drainage basin. The modeling results were compared with the observations of nutrient fluxes from normal years and years with exceptionally mild winters in an agriculturally loaded river. On the basis of the model estimations and the observations, the predicted increases in precipitation and temperature will most probably increase the nitrogen loss from agricultural areas to surface waters. The increase was predicted to be highest in south-western Finland. The main reasons for the increase are the acceleration of organic matter mineralization in agricultural soils and the increased water flow through the soil column. Particulate phosphorus losses showed a mean decrease for all agricultural land in Finland. The main causes for the decrease are the shorter period of frozen soil and the reduced snowfall, both of which reduce surface runoff. The regional differences in phosporus losses can be explained by differences in soil and crop composition and in the proportion of steeply sloping fields in different regions. The estimates of changes in nitrogen losses by the SOIL/SOILN model were generally in good agreement with estimates obtained by the drainage basin model. In the case of changes in phosphorus losses the CREAMS model gave a considerable reduction, whereas the drainage basin model predicted an increase. Observations from the years with exceptionally mild winters indicated an increase in nitrogen losses and no change in phosphorus losses. The assessment was based on the assumption that no changes in cropping patterns and cultivars would take place. Furthermore, a possible increase in yields was only partly taken into account.
Hybrid Navigation Acceptability and Safety
Creators: name: Clement, Benoit
name: Dubromel, Marie
name: Santos, Paulo E.
name: Sammut, Karl
name: Oppert, Michelle
name: Dayoub, Feras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous vessels have emerged as a prominent and accepted solution, particularly in the naval defence sector. However, achieving full autonomy for marine vessels demands the development of robust and reliable control and guidance systems that can handle various encounters with manned and unmanned vessels while operating effectively under diverse weather and sea conditions. A significant challenge in this pursuit is ensuring the autonomous vessels' compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). These regulations present a formidable hurdle for the human-level understanding by autonomous systems as they were originally designed from common navigation practices created since the mid-19th century. Their ambiguous language assumes experienced sailors' interpretation and execution, and therefore demands a high-level (cognitive) understanding of language and agent intentions. These capabilities surpass the current state-of-the-art in intelligent systems. This position paper highlights the critical requirements for a trustworthy control and guidance system, exploring the complexity of adapting COLREGs for safe vessel-on-vessel encounters considering autonomous maritime technology competing and/or cooperating with manned vessels.
Possible effects of climate warming on the timing of spawning, juvenile abundance and catches of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)
Creators: name: Lappalainen, J.
name: Lehtonen, H.
name: Erm, V.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1997

description: The effects of climate warming on the population dynamics and exploitation of pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)) were studied in the Baltic Sea and its drainage area. In southern (61°N) and in central Finland (64°N) the average spawning period will be about one month earlier due to climate warming in the year 2050. In Pärnu Bay, Estonia (58°N, 24°E), the juvenile abundance of 0+ pikeperch will be higher, and higher abundances and warmer waters will also enhance fishermens catches.
MUSTAQILLIK YILLARIDA QISHLOQ XO'JALIGI SOHASIDA AMALGA OSHIRILGAN AGRAR ISLOHOTLAR
Creators: name: Abdullayev, Bekzodbek
name: Pozilov, Bekzodbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada mustaqillik davrida yurtimizda iqtisodiy soha, xususan, agrar sohada amalga oshirilgan bir qator islohotlar va ularning qishloq xo’jaligiga ta’siri haqida so’z yuritiladi.
Tunable magnetism in bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Qiao, Li-Ya
name: Jiang, Xiu-Cai
name: Ruan, Ze
name: Zhang, Yu-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twist between neighboring layers and variation of interlayer distance are two extra ways to control the physical properties of stacked two-dimensional van der Waals materials without alteration of chemical compositions or application of external fields, compared to their monolayer counterparts. In this work, we explored the dependence of the magnetic states of the untwisted and twisted bilayer 1T-VX$_2$ (X = S, Se) on the interlayer distance by density functional theory calculations. We find that, while a magnetic phase transition occurs from interlayer ferromagnetism to interlayer antiferromagnetism either as a function of decreasing interlayer distance for the untwisted bilayer 1T-VX$_2$ or after twist, richer magnetic phase transitions consecutively take place for the twisted bilayer 1T-VX$_2$ as interlayer distance is gradually reduced. Besides, the critical pressures for the phase transition are greatly reduced in twisted bilayer 1T-VX$_2$ compared with the untwisted case. We derived the Heisenberg model with intralayer and interlayer exchange couplings to comprehend the emergence of various magnetic states. Our results point out an easy access towards tunable two-dimensional magnets.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
TeachNow: Enabling Teachers to Provide Spontaneous, Realtime 1:1 Help in Massive Online Courses
Creators: name: Malik, Ali
name: Woodrow, Juliette
name: Wang, Chao
name: Piech, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One-on-one help from a teacher is highly impactful for students, yet extremely challenging to support in massive online courses (MOOCs). In this work, we present TeachNow: a novel system that lets volunteer teachers from anywhere in the world instantly provide 1:1 help sessions to students in MOOCs, without any scheduling or coordination overhead. TeachNow works by quickly finding an online student to help and putting them in a collaborative working session with the teacher. The spontaneous, on-demand nature of TeachNow gives teachers the flexibility to help whenever their schedule allows.
 We share our experiences deploying TeachNow as an experimental feature in a six week online CS1 course with 9,000 students and 600 volunteer teachers. Even as an optional activity, TeachNow was used by teachers to provide over 12,300 minutes of 1:1 help to 375 unique students. Through a carefully designed randomised control trial, we show that TeachNow sessions increased student course retention rate by almost 15%. Moreover, the flexibility of our system captured valuable volunteer time that would otherwise go to waste. Lastly, TeachNow was rated by teachers as one of the most enjoyable and impactful aspects of their involvement in the course. We believe TeachNow is an important step towards providing more human-centered support in massive online courses.
Fitting in or standing out? The organisational socialisation of early career physical education specialism graduates through a micropolitical lens
Creators: name: Brennan, Cillian
name: Bowles, Richard
name: Murtagh, Elaine
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: The recent emergence of primary school generalist teachers with physical education (PE) expertise has addressed calls for some form of specialisation in primary PE provision in Ireland (Marron et al., 2018). It was hoped that these teachers could advance the quality of PE taught within schools, through their own teaching and by supporting colleagues (Ní Chróinín, 2018). Despite PE specialism graduates (PESGs) developing teaching orientations and high self-efficacy to teach PE during their professional socialisation, it is unclear how their skills are applied within schools. This study examined the organisational socialisation of PESGs through a micropolitical lens, drawing on the research of Kelchtermans and Ballet (2002a, 2002b). Adopting a critical realist approach enabled us to explore teachers’ complex teaching realities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 graduates of the four-year Bachelor of Education with a major specialism in PE. Reflexive thematic analysis of interview data identified that PESGs had limited opportunities to apply their PE skills due to the conflicting custodial orientations of their schools. Due to PESGs’ professional interests, they were more likely to assimilate with the existing school culture as early career teachers, even if it overlooked their PE expertise. The outsourcing of PE provision to external coaches, and PESGs’ identity as novice teachers, also undermined their potential contribution as PE experts. Although some PESGs have positively used their knowledge to direct whole-school PE provision, more structured opportunities may be necessary to support the continued development of PESGs as teachers and leaders of PE.
Megachile una Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile una

description: una Vachal, new comb.
Megachile una Vachal 1909: 17. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Right hind leg broken at knee.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Metal contamination of streams in relation to catchment silvicultural practices: a comparative study in Finnish and Russian headwaters
Creators: name: Vuori, K.-M.
name: Siren, O.
name: Luotonen, H.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: We studied metal contamination of streams in the forestry dominated and close-on pristine subcatchments in Finland and Russian Karelia. In this area, atmospheric deposition and point loading are insignificant as sources of metals, while geochemical sources and silvicultural activities are important. Aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. was used as a sentinel organism measuring the metal contamination. Tufts of Fontinalis were collected at 10 Russian and 8 Finnish stream sites for the measurement of whole-plant Al, Fe, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations. The average Al, Fe, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the Finnish moss samples than in the Russian ones. In particular, concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn in many Finnish streams clearly exceeded natural background concentrations and were comparable to the earlier results from streams affected by metal loading from point and non-point sources. The results suggest that silvicultural practices in combination with specific geochemical features may cause metal contamination of streams in areas considered otherwise unpolluted. We stress the importance of taking precautions against forestry-induced metal contamination.
Megachile variplantis Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile variplantis

description: variplantis Vachal, new comb.
Megachile variplantis Vachal 1909: 9. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
A diatom-total phosphorus transfer function for freshwater lakes in southeastern Finland, including cross-validation with independent test lakes
Creators: name: Miettinen, J. O.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: A diatom total phosphorus (TP) training set and weighted averaging (WA) calibration model for lakes in eastern and southeastern Finland are presented. The data set comprises 78 lakes, with autumnal TP-range of 3–125 ug l–1, pH-range of 5.9–7.7, and lake area of 0.13–283 km2. The correlation between the observed and WA-reconstructed (jackknifed) log TP values in the training set is 0.86 (R2 = 0.73), and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEp) 0.193 ug TP l–1. The transfer function was cross-validated using an independent test set of 30 lakes. The correlation between the observed and predicted log TP values for the 30 lakes is 0.89 (R2 = 0.79), and RMSEp 0.161 ug TP l–1. These performance statistics (R2, RMSEp), based on the independent cross-validation with the test set of lakes, are within the range of values based on jackknifing estimates, suggesting that diatoms provide reliable estimates of lakewater TP concentration in Finnish lakes.
Phytoplankton assemblages as a criterion in the ecological classification of lakes in Finland
Creators: name: Lepistö, L.
name: Holopainen, A.-L.
name: Vuoristo, H.
name: Rekolainen, S.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: Implementation of the Water Framework Directive requires the formulation of lake types and classification of the lakes within each type using biological quality elements. In this study phytoplankton was used to test the lake typology of 32 non-impacted lakes belonging to eight of the ten lake types described in the preliminary Finnish typology. Phytoplankton did not accurately define these types, as only five lake groups were clustered in the DCA ordination analysis. The ecological status was preliminarily established for 23 impacted lakes using total phytoplankton biomass and the number of taxa. Impacted oligo-humic lakes were tentatively classified to a lower ecological status than in the general water quality classification carried out in the 1990s. Even more variation was observed when assessing the ecological status of humic impacted lakes. The number of taxa, on the other hand, appeared to overestimate the ecological status of the lakes, obviously due to the preliminary boundary classes used in this study.
Megachile virescens Cockerell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile virescens

description: virescens Cockerell, new comb.
Megachile virescens Cockerell 1912d: 55. Female. Type locality: Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Type repository: AMNH. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Female genital cutting and the “medical gaze” in Southeast Asia
Creators: name: Iguchi, Yufu
name: Rashid, Abdul
name: Afiqah, Siti Nur
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321502
subject: Obstetrics and gynaecology
classificationCode: 500405
subject: Religion, society and culture

description: This article discusses female genital cutting (FGC) in Southeast Asia in the context of the increasing medical control over the female body. It questions and evaluates medicine’s role in controlling women’s bodies through informing and underpinning the public health policies enforced them. Using a cultural studies methodology of text analysis, we have focused on the specific discourses on FGC in Southeast Asia. There were three findings in the study. Firstly, although overt state medical control over FGC does not appear to exist in Southeast Asia, the medical gaze has been adopted and perpetuated by the religious community in their resolutions. Secondly, we contend that whether they are promoting FGC or attempting to stop it, medical practitioners are equally/similarly involved in objectifying the female genitalia, and sharing what the well-known French theorist, Michel Foucault termed “the medical gaze.” Either way, they are implicitly contributing to medical control over the female body. Our third focus regards how local people view FGC. We found that local people had initially thought that FGC functioned as a mark of religious identity, but to a large extent they eventually came to adopt the same medical gaze as that of the European ideology of their colonizers. In this respect Southeast Asia presents an interesting example of a site of negotiation and contestation between the local traditional views of FGC based on custom or religion, and global discourses on FGC.
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships
Creators: name: Clemens, M.
name: Bumke, K.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: Precipitation over the Baltic Sea has been estimated from satellite measurements, ground-based weather radars and synoptic observations made at coastal and island stations. The obtained estimates do not use any in situ measurements over the Baltic Sea. Thus, a validation of the estimates over the sea proper is required. Here we present a method to analyse precipitation measurements over the Baltic Sea from the ship observations for the period 1996–2000. In order to measure precipitation over the Baltic Sea, several merchant ships have been equipped with specially designed ship rain gauges. The measurements are stored at 8-minute intervals. More than 20000 instrumental measurements were collected during several months. An interpolation scheme based on the kriging method has been used to estimate spatial precipitation distributions on a 1° [xi] 1° grid. This method is particularly used to minimise sampling errors due to the low data density. All estimations are presented on a seasonal time resolution. The estimated spatial rain fields give reasonable results, especially in areas along the main shipping routes characterised by a high data density.
Lacunae rostralis: A new structure on the rostrum of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus
Creators: name: Häge, Jan
name: Hansen, Matthew
name: Pacher, Korbinian
name: Dhellemmes, Félicie
name: Domenici, Paolo
name: Steffensen, John Fleng
name: Breuker, Michael
name: Krause, Stefan
name: Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
name: Fritsch, Guido
name: Bach, Pascal
name: Sabarros, Philippe S.
name: Zaslansky, Paul
name: Mahlow, Kristin
name: Schauer, Maria
name: Müller, Johannes
name: Krause, Jens
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: billfishes
subject: lacunae rostralis
subject: prey-handling
subject: rostrum
subject: sailfish
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Recent comparative studies of billfishes (Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) have provided evidence of differences in the form and function of the rostra (bill) among species. Here, we report the discovery of a new structure, lacuna rostralis, on the rostra of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus, which is absent on the rostra of swordfish Xiphias gladius, striped marlin Kajikia audax and blue marlin Makaira nigricans. The lacunae rostralis are small cavities that contain teeth. They were found on the ventral rostrum surface of all I. platypterus specimens examined and dorsally in half of them. Ventrally, the lacunae rostralis were most prominent in the mid-section of the rostrum. Dorsally, they occurred closer to the tip. The density of lacunae rostralis increased towards the rostrum tip but, because they are smaller in size, the percentage of rostrum coverage decreased. The teeth located within the lacunae rostralis were found to be different in size, location and orientation from the previously identified micro-teeth of billfish. We propose two potential functions of the lacunae rostralis that both relate to the use of the bill in feeding: mechanoreception of prey before tapping it with the bill and more efficient prey handling via the creation of suction, or physical grip.
Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain’s Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia
Creators: name: Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana
name: Sergeev, Konstantin
name: Semenova, Nadezhda
name: Slepnev, Andrey
name: Karavaev, Anatoly
name: Hramkov, Alexey
name: Prokhorov, Mikhail
name: Borovkova, Ekaterina
name: Blokhina, Inna
name: Fedosov, Ivan
name: Shirokov, Alexander
name: Dubrovsky, Alexander
name: Terskov, Andrey
name: Manzhaeva, Maria
name: Krupnova, Valeria
name: Dmitrenko, Alexander
name: Zlatogorskaya, Daria
name: Adushkina, Viktoria
name: Evsukova, Arina
name: Tuzhilkin, Matvey
name: Elizarova, Inna
name: Ilyukov, Egor
name: Myagkov, Dmitry
name: Tuktarov, Dmitry
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: anesthesia
subject: machine learning technology
subject: spectral power analysis
subject: blood–brain barrier
subject: brain’s drainage system
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain. There is growing evidence that anesthesia can disrupt the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leading to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. However, there are no widely used methods for real-time BBB monitoring during surgery. The development of technologies for an express diagnosis of the opening of the BBB (OBBB) is a challenge for reducing post-surgical/anesthesia consequences. In this study on male rats, we demonstrate a successful application of machine learning technology, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), to recognize the OBBB induced by isoflurane, which is widely used in surgery. The ANNs were trained on our previously presented data obtained on the sound-induced OBBB with an 85% testing accuracy. Using an optical and nonlinear analysis of the OBBB, we found that 1% isoflurane does not induce any changes in the BBB, while 4% isoflurane caused significant BBB leakage in all tested rats. Both 1% and 4% isoflurane stimulate the brain’s drainage system (BDS) in a dose-related manner. We show that ANNs can recognize the OBBB induced by 4% isoflurane in 57% of rats and BDS activation induced by 1% isoflurane in 81% of rats. These results open new perspectives for the development of clinically significant bedside technologies for EEG-monitoring of OBBB and BDS.
Recruitment of bloom-forming cyanobacteria from winter/spring populations in the Baltic Sea verified by a mesocosm approach
Creators: name: Wasmund, N.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2017

description: Despite intense public and scientific interest in cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, their origin and generation has not been well investigated. The aim of this work was to elucidate the overwintering strategies of Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Nodularia. The presence of undetectably small start populations of these three genera in March 2009 and partly also in May 2006 was concluded from their growth in mesocosms. The results suggested that Aphanizomenon originates primarily from the surface-water population, whereas Dolichospermum from benthic akinetes. Nodularia was of particular interest as the potential of its extremely small winter/spring population to form large summer blooms was still under debate. The results verified that Nodularia does not develop in waters taken from below the halocline, but most likely overwinters in the upper water layers. This small planktonic start population alone, and not the benthic akinetes, may give rise to the summer blooms.
Pseudomegachile (Pseudomegachile) Friese
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Pseudomegachile

description: Subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese
C halicodoma subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese 1899: 36. Type species: Megachile ericetorum Lepeletier. Designation of Alfken 1933b: 56.
Megachile subgenus Archimegachile Alfken 1933b: 56. Type species: Megachile flavipes Spinola. Original designation. Designation of Pasteels 1965: 377 ­378. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2076.
Chalicodoma subgenus Pseudomegachile Michener 1962: 20. Hurd 1979: 2076. Mitchell 1980: 30.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Quasiparticle scattering in three-dimensional topological insulators near the thickness limit
Creators: name: Huang, Haiming
name: Chen, Mu
name: Song, Dezhi
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Jiang, Ye-ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the ultra-thin regime, Bi2Te3 films feature two surfaces (with each surface being a two-dimensional Dirac-fermion system) with complicated spin textures and a tunneling term between them. We find in this regime that the quasiparticle scattering is completely different compared with the thick-film case and even behaves differently at each thickness. The thickness-dependent warping effect and tunneling term are found to be the two main factors that govern the scattering behaviors. The inter-band back-scattering that signals the existence of a tunneling term is found to disappear at 4 quintuple layers by the step-edge reflection approach. A four-band model is presented that captures the main features of the thickness-dependent scattering behaviors. Our work clarifies that the prohibition of back-scattering guaranteed by symmetry in topological insulators breaks down in the ultra-thin regime.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures including the supplementary materials
Review of urban air quality in Finland
Creators: name: Kukkonen, J.
name: Salmi, T.
name: Saari, H.
name: Konttinen, M.
name: Kartastenpää, R.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: We present a review of the air quality in Finnish cities and towns, based on the data from urban measurement networks. The data were compiled from 42 Finnish cities and towns, from measurements conducted in 1990–1993. These data show that the newly-introduced (1996) national air quality guidelines have been fairly often exceeded in urban areas, most commonly for particulate matter, both PM10 and total suspended particles (TSP). Some exceedances have also occurred for NO2 and CO, at sites with high traffic densities. Some TSP values in the largest cities in Finland are exceptionally high, caused by the resuspension of dust from street surfaces. However, the European Union air quality limit values were only exceeded at one measurement station for TSP in 1990, 1991 and 1992. We also analysed seasonal variation of the guideline exceedings.
The Power of Noise: Redefining Retrieval for RAG Systems
Creators: name: Cuconasu, Florin
name: Trappolini, Giovanni
name: Siciliano, Federico
name: Filice, Simone
name: Campagnano, Cesare
name: Maarek, Yoelle
name: Tonellotto, Nicola
name: Silvestri, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information Retrieval (IR) system. RAG has become increasingly important for Generative AI solutions, especially in enterprise settings or in any domain in which knowledge is constantly refreshed and cannot be memorized in the LLM. We argue here that the retrieval component of RAG systems, be it dense or sparse, deserves increased attention from the research community, and accordingly, we conduct the first comprehensive and systematic examination of the retrieval strategy of RAG systems. We focus, in particular, on the type of passages IR systems within a RAG solution should retrieve. Our analysis considers multiple factors, such as the relevance of the passages included in the prompt context, their position, and their number. One counter-intuitive finding of this work is that the retriever's highest-scoring documents that are not directly relevant to the query (e.g., do not contain the answer) negatively impact the effectiveness of the LLM. Even more surprising, we discovered that adding random documents in the prompt improves the LLM accuracy by up to 35%. These results highlight the need to investigate the appropriate strategies when integrating retrieval with LLMs, thereby laying the groundwork for future research in this area.
Hypselostoma holimanae F. G. Thompson & H. G. Lee 1988
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma holimanae

description: Hypselostoma holimanae F. G. Thompson & H. G. Lee, 1988
Figs 111 X, 145, 154
Hypselostoma holimanae Thompson & Lee, 1988: 78, figs 1–6.
Hypselostoma holimanae — Thompson and Upatham 1997: 223; Hemmen and Hemmen 2001: 41; Tongkerd et al. 2004: 143, fig. 2; Panha and Burch 2008: 92–93, fig. 79; Dumrongrojwattana and Wongkamhaeng 2024: 324, fig. 8.
Type material examined.
Thailand • holotype; UF 00113427 • 14 paratypes; from the type locality; UF 00113483 / 1; UF 00113428 / 13.
Additional material examined.
Thailand • 10 shells; Kanchanaburi province, 15 km W Kanchanaburi; 14.154°N, 99.291°E; 15 Mar. 1987; S. Holiman leg.; UF 540579.
Type locality.
“ Thailand, Kanchanaburi province, small limestone range on the west border of Kanchanaburi Agricultural College, about 15 km west of Kanchanaburi ”.
Differential diagnosis.
See under H. khaowongense.
Distribution.
This species is known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Chalicodoma lanata Fabricius, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Chalicodoma
Chalicodoma lanata

description: lanata (Fabricius), new comb.
Apis lanata Fabricius 1775: 385. Female. Type locality: Americae meridionalis Insulis [West Indies].
Apis lunata Gmelin 1790: 2772. Misspelling.
Apis purpurea Christ 1791: 168. Type locality: Siberien. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1896: 435.
Anthophora lanata Fabricius 1804: 372.
Trachusa lanata Jurine 1809: 251.
Megachile lanata Latreille 1809: 166.
Megachile proxima Smith 1870: 192. Type locality: India. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 305.
Megachile lanata var minhlensis Gribodo 1884: 352. Female. Type locality: Minhla [Burma]. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 305.
Megachile martindalei Fox 1891: 344 ­345. Male. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica. Synonymy of Moure 1960: 108 ­109.
Megachile (Archimegachile) lanata Mitchell 1943b: 671.
Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) lanata Pasteels 1965: 402, 404.
Chalicodoma (Archimegachile) lanata Raw 1984b: 503.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Ptilosaroides (Ptilosaroides) Mitchell
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Ptilosaroides

description: Subgenus Ptilosaroides Mitchell
Cressoniella (Ptilosaroides) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species: Megachile neoxanthoptera Cockerell 1933. Original designation and monotypy.
Megachile (Ptilosaroides) Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 564.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Species diversity and spatial distribution of the summer rotifer assemblages in Lake Ladoga
Creators: name: Telesh, I.V.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: The rotifer assemblages of Lake Ladoga were studied in samples of the 0–10 m water layer taken at 60 sampling stations in different parts of the lake in August 1994 and 1995. In general, the species composition of the pelagial assemblages was rather similar throughout the lake. However, the dominant species differed markedly between the northern part, the central area and the Volkhov Bay. The highest species diversity (Shannon index H´ = 3.03) and lowest wet weight biomass of rotifers (0.015 mg WW l–1) were recorded in the Volkhov Bay, maximum biomass (2.53 mg WW l–1) in the northern pelagic region, and lowest species diversity (H' = 0.25) in the northern archipelago. The filter-feeding microphagous rotifers Conochilus unicornis and Keratella cochlearis dominated most of the microzooplankton communities in the northern parts of the lake, while grasping phytophagous species of the genus Polyarthra predominated in the central and south-eastern parts. Species diversity, spatial distribution and the role of rotifers in the zooplankton community structure are discussed in relation to the ecological zoning of Lake Ladoga.
The municipal continuum: Research on maritime water pollution in Helsinki in the 20th century
Creators: name: Laurila, S. K.
name: Laakkonen, S. J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: In general, the history of environmental research is not known very well. Our study contributes to filling this gap by focusing on the history of the methods that were used during the 20th century to study the state of the urban sea area in Helsinki, Finland. From the beginning of the past century, the methodological basis of municipal water pollution studies in Helsinki was broad, involving the use of physical, chemical, hygienic and biological methods. Since 1904, municipal laboratories have overseen and conducted most physico-chemical and bacteriological studies of pollution of urban watercourses, and they have done regular annual sampling since 1947. In the 1920s and 1930s, the municipal laboratories cooperated with the University of Helsinki and, secondarily, with the Helsinki University of Technology in order to develop the skills and manpower that were required in order to conduct pollution studies. Statutory monitoring was initiated in the mid-1960s, and it continues today.
Estimation of leakage of chemical elements from boreal acid sulphate soils
Creators: name: Nordmyr, L.
name: Boman, A.
name: Åström, M.
name: Österholm, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: The amount of element leakage from young Finnish (boreal) acid sulphate soils was investigated using hydrochemical and geochemical approaches. These approaches gave similar results for S, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ni and Co, while Ca, La, Cd, U and Fe displayed higher leakage figures when using the hydrochemical approach and K, Cu, Ba, Ga, Sc, Ti, Pb, Th and Tl higher ones when using the geochemical approach. Total reducible sulphur (TRS) was the dominant sulphur species in the parent sediment and in the transition zone, while in the upper oxidised zone it had to a substantial extent been oxidised into sulphuric acid and subsequently leached, giving rise to typical AS soils and waters. However, also in this zone there was a reservoir of TRS left, which shows that the soils still have a great oxidation and acidification potential. The combination of the two approaches gave a clear picture of the qualitative and quantitative leaching of chemical elements from the soils with more reliable results than if only one approach would have been used. The method applied here can therefore be recommended for future studies and environmental monitoring in areas affected by acid sulphate soils.