Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument
Creators: name: Euclid Collaboration
name: Cropper, M. S.
name: Al-Bahlawan, A.
name: Amiaux, J.
name: Awan, S.
name: Azzollini, R.
name: Benson, K.
name: Berthe, M.
name: Boucher, J.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Brockley-Blatt, C.
name: Candini, G. P.
name: Cara, C.
name: Chaudery, R. A.
name: Cole, R. E.
name: Danto, P.
name: Denniston, J.
name: Di Giorgio, A. M.
name: Dryer, B.
name: Dubois, J. -P.
name: Endicott, J.
name: Farina, M.
name: Galli, E.
name: Genolet, L.
name: Gow, J. P. D.
name: Guttridge, P.
name: Hailey, M.
name: Hall, D.
name: Harper, C.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Holland, A. D.
name: Horeau, B.
name: Hu, D.
name: James, R. E.
name: Khalil, A.
name: King, R.
name: Kitching, T.
name: Kohley, R.
name: Larcheveque, C.
name: Lawrenson, A.
name: Liebing, P.
name: Liu, S. J.
name: Martignac, J.
name: Massey, R.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Miller, L.
name: Murray, N.
name: Nakajima, R.
name: Niemi, S. -M.
name: Nightingale, J. W.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pendem, A.
name: Philippon, A.
name: Plana, C.
name: Pool, P.
name: Pottinger, S.
name: Racca, G. D.
name: Rhodes, J.
name: Rousseau, A.
name: Ruane, K.
name: Salatti, M.
name: Salvignol, J. -C.
name: Sciortino, A.
name: Short, A.
name: Skottfelt, J.
name: Smit, S. J. A.
name: Swindells, I.
name: Szafraniec, M.
name: Thomas, P. D.
name: Thomas, W.
name: Tommasi, E.
name: Tosti, S.
name: Visticot, F.
name: Walton, D. M.
name: Willis, G.
name: Winter, B.
name: Aghanim, N.
name: Altieri, B.
name: Amara, A.
name: Andreon, S.
name: Auricchio, N.
name: Aussel, H.
name: Baccigalupi, C.
name: Baldi, M.
name: Balestra, A.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Basset, A.
name: Bender, R.
name: Bernardeau, F.
name: Bodendorf, C.
name: Boenke, T.
name: Bonino, D.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Camera, S.
name: Capobianco, V.
name: Carbone, C.
name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Carretero, J.
name: Casas, R.
name: Casas, S.
name: Castander, F. J.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Castignani, G.
name: Cavuoti, S.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Colodro-Conde, C.
name: Congedo, G.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Conversi, L.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Courtois, H. M.
name: Crocce, M.
name: Cuby, J. -G.
name: Cuillandre, J. -C.
name: Da Silva, A.
name: Degaudenzi, H.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Dinis, J.
name: Dolding, C.
name: Douspis, M.
name: Duncan, C. A. J.
name: Dupac, X.
name: Dusini, S.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Fabricius, M.
name: Farrens, S.
name: Ferriol, S.
name: Fosalba, P.
name: Fotopoulou, S.
name: Frailis, M.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Frugier, P. -A.
name: Fumana, M.
name: Galeotta, S.
name: Garilli, B.
name: George, K.
name: Gillard, W.
name: Gillis, B.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Gómez-Alvarez, P.
name: Granett, B. R.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Grupp, F.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Haugan, S. V. H.
name: Herent, O.
name: Hoar, J.
name: Holliman, M. S.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Hook, I.
name: Hormuth, F.
name: Hornstrup, A.
name: Hudelot, P.
name: Ilić, S.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Jhabvala, M.
name: Joachimi, B.
name: Keihänen, E.
name: Kermiche, S.
name: Kiessling, A.
name: Kilbinger, M.
name: Kubik, B.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Kümmel, M.
name: Kunz, M.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Lahav, O.
name: Laureijs, R.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Lindholm, V.
name: Lloro, I.
name: Alvarez, J. Lorenzo
name: Mainetti, G.
name: Maino, D.
name: Maiorano, E.
name: Mansutti, O.
name: Marcin, S.
name: Marggraf, O.
name: Markovic, K.
name: Martinelli, M.
name: Martinet, N.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Masters, D. C.
name: Maurogordato, S.
name: Medinaceli, E.
name: Mei, S.
name: Melchior, M.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Merlin, E.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Neissner, C.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Nutma, T.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Paech, K.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Peacock, J. A.
name: Pedersen, K.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Pettorino, V.
name: Pires, S.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Poncet, M.
name: Popa, L. A.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Raison, F.
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Refregier, A.
name: Renzi, A.
name: Riccio, G.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Romelli, E.
name: Roncarelli, M.
name: Rosset, C.
name: Rossetti, E.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
name: Rusholme, B.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Sakr, Z.
name: Sánchez, A. G.
name: Sapone, D.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Scaramella, R.
name: Schewtschenko, J. A.
name: Schirmer, M.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Secroun, A.
name: Sefusatti, E.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Seiffert, M.
name: Serrano, S.
name: Sirignano, C.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Stanco, L.
name: Starck, J. -L.
name: Steinwagner, J.
name: Tallada-Crespí, P.
name: Tavagnacco, D.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Teplitz, H. I.
name: Tereno, I.
name: Toledo-Moreo, R.
name: Torradeflot, F.
name: Tutusaus, I.
name: Valentijn, E. A.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Vassallo, T.
name: Kleijn, G. Verdoes
name: Veropalumbo, A.
name: Wachter, S.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Weller, J.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zoubian, J.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Biviano, A.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Boucaud, A.
name: Burigana, C.
name: Calabrese, M.
name: Casenove, P.
name: Di Ferdinando, D.
name: Vigo, J. A. Escartin
name: Fabbian, G.
name: Farinelli, R.
name: Finelli, F.
name: Gracia-Carpio, J.
name: Israel, H.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Nguyen-Kim, H. N.
name: Pezzotta, A.
name: Pöntinen, M.
name: Porciani, C.
name: Scottez, V.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Viel, M.
name: Wiesmann, M.
name: Akrami, Y.
name: Allevato, V.
name: Anselmi, S.
name: Aubourg, E.
name: Ballardini, M.
name: Bertacca, D.
name: Bethermin, M.
name: Blanchard, A.
name: Blot, L.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Borlaff, A. S.
name: Bruton, S.
name: Cabanac, R.
name: Calabro, A.
name: Calderone, G.
name: Canas-Herrera, G.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Carvalho, C. S.
name: Castro, T.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Chary, R.
name: Contarini, S.
name: Cooray, A. R.
name: Cordes, O.
name: Costanzi, M.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Davini, S.
name: De Caro, B.
name: Desprez, G.
name: Díaz-Sánchez, A.
name: Di Domizio, S.
name: Dole, H.
name: Escoffier, S.
name: Ferrari, A. G.
name: Ferreira, P. G.
name: Ferrero, I.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Fornari, F.
name: Gabarra, L.
name: Ganga, K.
name: García-Bellido, J.
name: Gautard, V.
name: Gaztanaga, E.
name: Giacomini, F.
name: Gianotti, F.
name: Gozaliasl, G.
name: Gregorio, A.
name: Hall, A.
name: Hartley, W. G.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Huertas-Company, M.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Muñoz, A. Jimenez
name: Joudaki, S.
name: Kajava, J. J. E.
name: Kansal, V.
name: Karagiannis, D.
name: Kirkpatrick, C. C.
name: Lacasa, F.
name: Graet, J. Le
name: Legrand, L.
name: Libet, G.
name: Loureiro, A.
name: Macias-Perez, J.
name: Magliocchetti, M.
name: Mancini, C.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Maoli, R.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Matthew, S.
name: Maurin, L.
name: McPartland, C. J. R.
name: Metcalf, R. B.
name: Migliaccio, M.
name: Miluzio, M.
name: Monaco, P.
name: Moretti, C.
name: Morgante, G.
name: Nadathur, S.
name: Walton, Nicholas A.
name: Odier, J.
name: Oguri, M.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Popa, V.
name: Potter, D.
name: Pourtsidou, A.
name: Reimberg, P.
name: Risso, I.
name: Rocci, P. -F.
name: Rollins, R. P.
name: Sahlén, M.
name: Scarlata, C.
name: Schaye, J.
name: Schneider, A.
name: Schultheis, M.
name: Sereno, M.
name: Shankar, F.
name: Sikkema, G.
name: Silvestri, A.
name: Simon, P.
name: Mancini, A. Spurio
name: Stadel, J.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Tanidis, K.
name: Tao, C.
name: Tessore, N.
name: Testera, G.
name: Tewes, M.
name: Teyssier, R.
name: Toft, S.
name: Tosi, S.
name: Troja, A.
name: Tucci, M.
name: Valieri, C.
name: Valiviita, J.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Vernizzi, F.
name: Verza, G.
name: Vielzeuf, P.
name: Weaver, J. R.
name: Zalesky, L.
name: Zinchenko, I. A.
name: Archidiacono, M.
name: Atrio-Barandela, F.
name: Bouvard, T.
name: Caro, F.
name: Dimauro, P.
name: Duc, P. -A.
name: Fang, Y.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Gasparetto, T.
name: Gutierrez, C. M.
name: Kovačić, I.
name: Kruk, S.
name: Brun, A. M. C. Le
name: Liaudat, T. I.
name: Montoro, A.
name: Mora, A.
name: Murray, C.
name: Pagano, L.
name: Paoletti, D.
name: Sarpa, E.
name: Viitanen, A.
name: Lesgourgues, J.
name: Martín-Fleitas, J.
name: Scott, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB&gt;24.5 with S/N &gt;10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N&gt;10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB&gt;26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information.
description: Paper submitted as part of the A&amp;A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations (A&amp;A reference aa50996-24). This revision is the version accepted by A&amp;A on 19 September 2024. Other than changes to the author list, changes are limited to editorial and journal style