cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single-cell analysis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphatase and tensin homolog activation
Creators: name: Jiang, Dechen
name: Sims, Christopher Eldridge
name: Allbritton, Nancy Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A single-cell assay was developed to measure the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) using microanalytical chemical separations and a fluorescently labeled lipid substrate. Phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5 bisphosphate labeled on its acyl chain with Bodipy fluorescein (Bodipy Fl PIP2) was utilized as a substrate for both in vitro and cell-based assays. Detection limits for the substrate and product of the PI3K reaction were 10 to 20 zeptomoles. In vitro assays with PI3K with and without pharmacologic inhibitors demonstrated that Bodipy Fl PIP2 was converted to phosphatidyl-inositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (Bodipy Fl PIP3 ). Bodipy Fl PIP3 could be back converted to Bodipy Fl PIP2 by the phosphatase PTEN. When Bodipy Fl PIP2 was added to a cell lysate, 1.4 fmoles of the Bodipy Fl PIP3 were produced per ng of protein in the cytoplasmic extract in 10 min. Addition of Bodipy Fl PIP3 to a cell lysate yielded 3 fmoles of Bodipy Fl PIP2 per ng of protein in 8 min. Both Bodipy Fl PIP2 and Bodipy Fl PIP3 were measureable in single cells and the two species could be inter-converted. Under the appropriate conditions, a fluorescent diacylglycerol was also detected in single cells. When the FcεR1 receptor on the cells loaded with the fluorescent lipid was cross-linked, the amount of Bodipy Fl PIP3 generated per cell increased 4-fold over that of unstimulated cells. This production of Bodipy Fl PIP3 was blocked by wortmannin. Chemical cytometry utilizing the fluorescent lipids will be of value in understanding lipid metabolism at the single-cell level.
The Nation Within: The Black Arts Movement in Chicago
Creators: name: Baker, Marissa
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation examines collaborative and collective Black Arts projects produced in Chicago between 1967 and 1974 that reimagine the meaning and potential of the city as a site for Black liberation in the wake of the so-called urban crisis. By examining the ways artists engage actual and imagined urban space, it elaborates how Black Arts practitioners envisioned Black life in relation to and beyond their lived reality in the modern city. The Black Arts projects examined include (1) the Wall of Respect, installed on the South Side by the Visual Arts Workshop of the Organization of Black American Culture in 1967, and the 1971-1972 mural door program at Malcolm X College by Eugene “Eda” Wade; (2) Afrosurreal mural projects by Mitchell Caton from the early 1970s; (3) the poster-print project by the collective AFRICOBRA; and (4) photographs by Billy (Fundi) Abernathy published in the 1970 photo-text In Our Terribleness: (some elements and meaning in Black style). This dissertation challenges the idea that Black Arts practitioners were primarily concerned with illustrating political messages with an aesthetic of realism. In re-articulating the meaning and the significance of the city to Black consciousness, these artists presented more fluid notions of Black subjectivity, envisioned eschatological and spatialized ideas of history, and developed complex visual modes for representing Black life.
Radar-based Smart Shoes for Fall Prevention
Creators: name: Arganaras, Jose
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Antennas and propagation
Biomechanics
Electrical circuits and systems
Medical devices

description: Fall prevention plays a key role in achieving good quality of life for older adults, as falls often lead to serious injuries and sometimes death. This research aims to study mm-wave radar technology as a novel wearable sensor for the detection of trip hazards. It also seeks to improve the technology through the design, simulation, and fabrication of novel antennae arrays for 60 GHz, exploring novel techniques such as additive manufacturing. This work demonstrates that mm-wave radar can be used as a wearable for fall prevention, having developed two fully functional prototypes of a radar equipped smart shoe, and improved the technology.
Needs Assessment in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Training: A Qualitative Study of Expert Opinions
Creators: name: Givi, Babak
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Head and neck surgical training in North America has had a long and distinguished history; however, few studies have aimed to assess needs in fellowships accredited by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS). Furthermore, the need for a formal certification process has been vigorously debated by the AHNS leadership and the community of head and neck surgeons. To characterize the current state of head and neck surgery training and identify areas for improvement, we conducted interviews with fifty-eight program directors and senior faculty in head and neck surgery. We found that all experts were in favor of a national standardized curriculum. The most commonly mentioned elements of a standard curriculum included multidisciplinary exposure, participation in a regular tumor board, a recommended reading list, balance of clinic and operating time, and a detailed case log. The majority of experts believed that a formal certification process would be beneficial, though there was no consensus as to the optimal format. Additionally, opinions were mixed regarding whether accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) should be pursued.
Structurally related nucleotides as selective agonists and antagonists at P2Y1 receptors
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Carsten
name: Harden, T.Kendall
name: Boyer, José L.
name: Ravi, R.Gnana
name: Moro, Stefano
name: Kim, Hak Sung
name: Jacobson, Kenneth A.
name: Kim, Yong-Chul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The P2Y1 receptor responds to adenine nucleotides and is present in platelets, heart, smooth muscles prostate, ovary, and brain. A selective antagonist may be useful as an antithrombotic agent. We have analyzed the binding site of this G protein-coupled receptor using ligand design, site-directed mutagenesis, and homology modeling based on rhodopsin. We have designed and synthesized a series of deoxyadenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate derivatives that act as antagonists, or, in some cases with small structural changes, as agonists or partial agonists. The 2-position accommodates Cl or thioethers, whereas the N6-position is limited to Me or Et. 2′-Substitution with OH or OMe increases agonist efficacy over 2′-H. Using molecular modeling of the binding site, the oxygen atoms of the ribose moiety were predicted to be non-essential, i.e. no specific H-bonds with the receptor protein appear in the model. We have, therefore, substituted this moiety with carbocylics, smaller and larger rings, conformationally constrained rings, and acyclics, with retention of affinity for the receptor. With simplified pharmacophores we are exploring the steric and electronic requirements of the receptor binding site, and the structural basis of receptor activation.
Guanine nucleotide-dependent pertussis-toxin-insensitive stimulation of inositol phosphate formation by carbachol in a membrane preparation from human astrocytoma cells
Creators: name: Harden, T K
name: Hepler, J R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: The efficacy of muscarinic-receptor agonists for stimulation of inositol phosphate formation and Ca2+ mobilization in intact 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells is correlated with their capacity for formation of a GTP-sensitive high-affinity binding complex in membranes from these cells [Evans, Hepler, Masters, Brown & Harden (1985) Biochem. J. 232, 751-757]. These observations prompted the proposal that a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein serves to couple muscarinic receptors to the phospholipase C involved in phosphoinositide hydrolysis in 1321N1 cells. Inositol phosphate (InsP) formation was measured in a cell-free preparation from 1321N1 cells to provide direct support for this idea. The formation of InsP3, InsP2 and InsP1 was increased in a concentration-dependent manner (K0.5 approximately 5 microM) by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) in washed membranes prepared from myo-[3H]inositol-prelabelled 1321N1 cells. Both GTP[S] and guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) stimulated InsP formation by 2-3-fold over control; GTP, GDP and GMP were much less efficacious. Millimolar concentrations of NaF also stimulated the formation of inositol phosphates in membrane preparations from 1321N1 cells. In the presence of 10 microM-GTP[S], the muscarinic cholinergic-receptor agonist carbachol stimulated (K0.5 approximately 10 microM) the formation of InsP above that achieved with GTP[S] alone. The effect of carbachol was completely blocked by atropine. The order of potency of nucleotides for stimulation of InsP formation in the presence of 500 microM-carbachol was GTP[S] greater than p[NH]ppG greater than GTP = GDP. Pertussis toxin, at concentrations that fully ADP-ribosylate and functionally inactivate Gi (the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein), had no effect on InsP formation in the presence of GTP[S] or GTP[S] plus carbachol. These data are consistent with the idea that a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein that is not Gi is involved in receptor-mediated stimulation of InsP formation in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells.
Das Unbeschreibliche in Worte fassen: Krieg und Kriegsgegner benennen. Private Texte aus Elsass-Lothringen zur Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs
Creators: name: Sowada, Lena
name: Grosse, Sybille
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Der Erste Weltkrieg ist nicht nur ein politisches Ereignis von einschneidender Bedeutung für Europa und seine Geschichte, sondern auch ein kommunikatives, welches weite Teile der Bevölkerung der Kriegsnationen mit einem Mal zum kontinuierlichen Schreiben bringt, ja sogar zwingt, wollen sie mit ihren Angehörigen in Kontakt bleiben. Diese Entwicklung betrifft alle Bevölkerungsgruppen gleichermaßen, für die sprachwissenschaftliche Forschung ist sie jedoch hinsichtlich der Menschen, deren Vorkriegsalltag nur eine eingeschränkte Schreibpraxis erforderte, von besonderem Interesse. Authentische Textzeugnisse (Briefe, Feldpostkarten, Tagebücher) in unterschiedlichen Sprachen aus den Jahren 1914 bis 1918 zeigen exemplarisch, wie Schreiberinnen und Schreiber die kriegerische Auseinandersetzung verbal abbilden, wie sie den Krieg benennen und wie zugleich das Bild des Gegners konstruiert und kommuniziert wird.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
Learning In/Through Korean Pop Culture Fandom: A Qualitative Case Study of Non-Korean US College Students
Creators: name: Kim, Hanae
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Despite active social learning by fans of Korean popular culture (K-pop) through the Internet, current K-pop fandom studies are mainly focused on social media and participatory fan culture rather than studying learning through K-pop. This is a qualitative case study of six non-Korean K-pop fans who are students at a large urban state university in the US Midwest. These students are interested in learning about Korean language and culture outside of school due to their interest in Korean pop culture. The purpose of this study is to understand what and how these interest-driven students learn through Korean popular culture such as Korean pop music, Korean TV series, Korean movies, etc. Additionally, the study explores how various affinity spaces on campus motivate these students’ out-of-school learning and how they developed new friendships and knowledge through interaction and engagement with each other on campus. Data includes 1) online surveys, 2) interviews, 3) observations, and 4) collections of artifacts (social media). The findings show that students are not simply enjoying Korean music and media for pleasure. K-pop drives them to be curious about Korean language, culture, history and society and they intentionally seek out and engage in opportunities to expand their knowledge of Korea, Korean culture, Korean language through transnational media and literacy. Then, later, they bring this out-of-school knowledge to their student organizations and classes, and this continuously encourages them to further expand their knowledge. Through these learning processes, study participants felt a sense of belonging and comfort in these affinity spaces but also faced some conflicts with other fans and non-K-pop fans. However, participants’ identities as K-pop fans became stronger through these conflicts, and they developed a willingness to stand for and represent their favorite artists. Additionally, although there were some conflicts with newer fans, study participants began to accept newer fans’ behavior as a learning curve and felt the responsibility to educate each other. By understanding what these interest-driven students are learning outside of school through transnational media and literacies, educators can support students to expand and connect their knowledge with/in formal schooling.
Welche Konflikte – welche Solidaritäten?
Creators: name: Schwinn, Thomas
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Spaltungsthesen und Solidaritätsappelle haben zur Zeit Hochkonjunktur. In den moralisch aufgeheizten Debatten bleibt jedoch unklar, was angeblich auseinanderbricht und wie es wieder integriert werden soll. Es müssen dafür zunächst grundlagentheoretische Fragen geklärt werden. Der oft bemühte, aber unbrauchbare „Gesellschaftsbegriff“ wird ersetzt durch verschiedene Vergesellschaftungsebenen, die für das Konfliktgeschehen und das „Zu-Integrierende“ entscheidend sind. Neben diesen strukturellen Ebenen ist die kulturelle oder Wertdimension von Bedeutung. Soziale Integration benötigt Wertbezüge, diese stehen aber nur im Plural und nicht widerspruchsfrei und konfliktlos zur Verfügung. Aktuell gibt es weder grundlegende Konfliktfronten noch übergreifende Solidaritäten. Letztere bleiben eine Ausnahmeerscheinung und sind nicht konstitutiv für soziale Integration.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
Definition of Cylindrical Contact Homology in dimension three
Creators: name: Bao, Erkao
name: Honda, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53D10, 53D40, Secondary 57M50

description: In this paper we give a rigorous definition of cylindrical contact homology for contact $3$-manifolds that admit nondegenerate contact forms with no contractible Reeb orbits, and show that the cylindrical contact homology is an invariant of the contact structure.
description: A figure and some details are added to increase readability. This version is accepted for publication by the Journal of Topology
Phosphatidylethanolamine N -methyltransferase ( PEMT ) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes
Creators: name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Randall, Thomas A.
name: Niculescu, Mihai D.
name: Resseguie, Mary
name: Song, Jiannan
name: da Costa, Kerry-Ann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans, though some of the requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis catalyzed by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). Premenopausal women are relatively resistant to choline deficiency compared with postmenopausal women and men. Studies in animals suggest that estrogen treatment can increase PEMT activity. In this study we investigated whether the PEMT gene is regulated by estrogen. PEMT transcription was increased in a dose-dependent manner when primary mouse and human hepatocytes were treated with 17-β-estradiol for 24 h. This increased message was associated with an increase in protein expression and enzyme activity. In addition, we report a region that contains a perfect estrogen response element (ERE) ∼7.5 kb from the transcription start site corresponding to transcript variants {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_007169","term_id":"22538481","term_text":"NM_007169"}}NM_007169 and NM-008819 of the human and murine PEMT genes, respectively, three imperfect EREs in evolutionarily conserved regions and multiple imperfect EREs in nonconserved regions in the putative promoter regions. We predict that both the mouse and human PEMT genes have three unique transcription start sites, which are indicative of either multiple promoters and/or alternative splicing. This study is the first to explore the underlying mechanism of why dietary requirements for choline vary with estrogen status in humans.—Resseguie, M., Song, J., Niculescu, M. D., da Costa, K., Randall, T. A., Zeisel, S. H. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes.
Der Raub der Bibliotheca Palatina und ihre Wiedergewinnung: Über die digitale Rückkehr des berühmtesten Heidelberger Kulturdenkmals
Creators: name: Probst, Veit
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Die Heidelberger Bibliotheca Palatina galt zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts neben der Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana als die bedeutendste Bibliothek Europas. Nach der Eroberung des reformierten Heidelberg durch katholische Truppen wurde die Bibliothek 1623 in den Vatikan überführt, wo ihr größter Teil noch heute verwahrt wird. Der Aufsatz schildert in einem ersten, historischen Teil das Schicksal der Palatina zu Beginn des Dreißigjährigen Krieges. Der zweite Teil beschreibt das zehnjährige Digitalisierungsprojekt der Universitätsbibliothek im Vatikan, durch das die wertvollen Handschriften der Palatina virtuell für Heidelberg zurückgewonnen wurden.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
Circadian clock control of the cellular response to DNA damage
Creators: name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Lindsey-Boltz, Laura A.
name: Reardon, Joyce T.
name: Ozturk, Nuri
name: Kang, Tae-Hong
name: Lee, Jin Hyup
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Mammalian cells possess a cell-autonomous molecular clock which controls the timing of many biochemical reactions and hence the cellular response to environmental stimuli including genotoxic stress. The clock consists of an autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop made up of four genes/proteins, BMal1, Clock, Cryptochrome, and Period. The circadian clock has an intrinsic period of about 24 hours, and it dictates the rates of many biochemical reactions as a function of the time of the day. Recently, it has become apparent that the circadian clock plays an important role in determining the strengths of cellular responses to DNA damage including repair, checkpoints, and apoptosis. These new insights are expected to guide development of novel mechanism-based chemotherapeutic regimens.
A bifunctional Gα i /Gα s modulatory peptide that attenuates adenylyl cyclase activity
Creators: name: Watts, Val J.
name: Johnston, Christopher A.
name: Blaesius, Rainer
name: Ramer, J. Kevin
name: Fredericks, Zoey
name: Siderovski, David P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Signaling via G-protein coupled receptors is initiated by receptor-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on Gα subunits normally bound to GDP and Gβγ. Activated Gα·GTP then regulates effectors such as adenylyl cyclase. Except for Gβγ, no known regulators bind the adenylyl cyclase-stimulatory subunit Gαs in its GDP-bound state. We recently described a peptide, KB-752, that binds and enhances the nucleotide exchange rate of the adenylyl cyclase-inhibitory subunit Gαi. Herein, we report that KB-752 binds Gαs·GDP yet slows its rate of nucleotide exchange. KB-752 inhibits GTPγS-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cell membranes, reflecting its opposing effects on nucleotide exchange by Gαi and Gαs.
Krieg als schlechte Form der Problemlösung
Creators: name: Funke, Joachim
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität: In der Psychologie sind das allesamt herausfordernde Themen – nicht nur dort. Dass Konflikte zu Kriegen eskalieren können, kommt vor – andere Konflikte deeskalieren. Woran liegt das? Auch wenn der Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels auf Krieg und Konflikt liegt, soll wenigstens kurz das Thema „Solidarität“ gestreift werden, denn Kampf und Kooperation liegen in der Natur des Menschen nah beieinander.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
Representing Objects, Relations, and Sequences
Creators: name: Gallant, Stephen I.
name: Okaywe, T. Wendy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are high-dimensional vector representations of objects (eg., words, image parts), relations (eg., sentence structures), and sequences for use with machine learning algorithms. They consist of a vector addition operator for representing a collection of unordered objects, a Binding operator for associating groups of objects, and a methodology for encoding complex structures. We first develop Constraints that machine learning imposes upon VSAs: for example, similar structures must be represented by similar vectors. The constraints suggest that current VSAs should represent phrases ("The smart Brazilian girl") by binding sums of terms, in addition to simply binding the terms directly. We show that matrix multiplication can be used as the binding operator for a VSA, and that matrix elements can be chosen at random. A consequence for living systems is that binding is mathematically possible without the need to specify, in advance, precise neuron-to-neuron connection properties for large numbers of synapses. A VSA that incorporates these ideas, MBAT (Matrix Binding of Additive Terms), is described that satisfies all Constraints. With respect to machine learning, for some types of problems appropriate VSA representations permit us to prove learnability, rather than relying on simulations. We also propose dividing machine (and neural) learning and representation into three Stages, with differing roles for learning in each stage. For neural modeling, we give "representational reasons" for nervous systems to have many recurrent connections, as well as for the importance of phrases in language processing. Sizing simulations and analyses suggest that VSAs in general, and MBAT in particular, are ready for real-world applications.
description: 41 pages
A cost–benefit analysis of the COVID-19 disease
Creators: name: Rowthorn, Robert
name: Maciejowski, Jan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Benefit–cost
Lockdown
Covid-19

description: Abstract The British government has been debating how to escape from the lockdown without provoking a resurgence of the COVID-19 disease. There is a growing recognition of the damage the lockdown has caused to economic and social life. This paper presents a simple cost–benefit analysis inspired by optimal control theory and incorporating the SIR model of disease propagation. It also reports simulations informed by the theoretical discussion. The optimal path for government intervention is computed under a variety of conditions. These include a cap on the permitted level of infection to avoid overload of the health system, and the introduction of a test and trace system. We quantify the benefits of early intervention to control the disease. We also examine how the government’s valuation of life influences the optimal path. A 10-week lockdown is only optimal if the value of life for COVID-19 victims exceeds £10m. The study is based on a standard but simple epidemiological model, and should therefore be regarded as presenting a methodological framework rather than giving policy prescriptions.
Applying Flipped Learning Concepts to Simulation and Its Impact on the Retention of Non-technical Skills
Creators: name: Robillard, Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background To Err is human, building a safer health care system has put the emphasis on the importance of teamwork practice through simulation based medical education (SBME) to prevent patient mortality. Flipped learning has emerged as an effective add-on to simulation for the acquisition of technical skills (TS). However, data on the combination of flipped learning and SBME for the acquisition of non-technical skills, such as crisis resource management (CRM), is lacking. Purpose The primary objective of our study was to assess if providing flipped learning regarding the TS required for the taskwork of an upcoming simulation would increase CRM skills retention three months after the study intervention. Secondary objectives concerned the interventions’ effect on anxiety levels, cognitive load, achievement emotions and participants’ perceptions towards the activity. Methods A randomized between-group experiment using a convergent mixed method approach was employed. The study intervention consisted in the provision of beforehand teaching on the different illnesses encountered in an upcoming acute care simulation training session. The primary outcome was the between group difference in overall scores on the Ottawa CRM Global Rating Scale. Main and secondary quantitative outcomes were assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the verbatim of semi-structured interviews. Secondary qualitative outcomes were assessed both deductively through a content analysis and inductively with a thematic analysis. Results Sixty-four participants underwent randomization. There was a between subject difference favouring flipped learning. No differences in salivary cortisol, heart rate, state trait anxiety inventory or achievement emotions were noted between groups. The qualitative analysis revealed a high variability in the intervention’s impact on participants, with some experiencing performance pressure. A strong intuition towards perceiving judgement was associated with simulation training. Learners’ achievement goal orientation may have modulated their reaction to the study intervention. Discussion Our findings are in line with previous work on the topic of flipped learning and SBME. However, our trial provides insight on potential negative effects it may have on learners. Educators should utilize this instructional design with caution until further research may clarify which learner subtype may benefit or not from this combination.
Spatial regulation of exocytosis and cell polarity: Yeast as a model for animal cells
Creators: name: Brennwald, Patrick
name: Rossi, Guendalina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Exocytosis is the major mechanism by which new membrane components are delivered to the cell surface. In most, if not all, eukaryotic cells this is also a highly spatially regulated process that is tightly coordinated with the overall polarity of a cell. The Rho/Cdc42 family of GTPases and the lethal giant larvae/Sro7 family are two highly conserved families of proteins which appear to have dual functions both in cell polarity and exocytosis. Analysis of their functions has begun to unravel the coordination between these processes and propose a model for polarized vesicle docking and fusion at the site of asymmetric cell growth.
Schöpferischer Kampf und Kooperation im Licht der Organismischen Evolution
Creators: name: Erbar, Claudia
name: Leins, Peter
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Die Evolution der Lebewesen (biologische Evolution) ist geprägt von einem ewigen Kampf mit zerstörerischen Folgen, ohne die es keinen Fortschritt gäbe. Es ist der kanalisierende Evolutionsfaktor der Selektion, der, geprägt vom Ökonomischen Prinzip (bzw. Optimierungsprinzip), vor dessen Hintergrund durch den Konkurrenzkampf vielfach ein Massensterben der weniger fitten (d.h. der weniger passenden) Nachkommen resultiert. Kriegsschauplätze im Kampf ums Dasein sind beispielsweise bei Blütenpflanzen die Narben und Griffel eines oder mehrerer Fruchtknoten in einer Blüte (Pollenschlauchkonkurrenz) sowie später die Keimplätze der Samen (Keimlingskonkurrenz), bei Tieren sind es die Balz- und Paarungsplätze und manchmal auch die Brutplätze. An Hand einiger Beispiele werden auf die Kampf-„Strategien“ bei Pflanzen und Tieren eingegangen. Dabei stellen die Autoren ihre neuesten Ergebnisse über das Paarungs- und Brutverhalten zweier Hautflügler- (Hymenopteren-) Arten auf Sizilien vor, nämlich einer Schneckenhausbiene sowie einer besonders großen Dolchwespe. Ähnlich unserem menschlichen Dasein haben sich, natürlich lange zuvor, während der Evolution zwischen Organismen „friedliche Koexistenzen“, Gildenbildung (beispielsweise zur Steigerung einer Bestäubungseffizienz), Mutualismen (gegenseitiges Geben und Nehmen) und enge Symbiosen eingestellt. Aber auch bei Mutualismen kann es zu kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen kommen: gewisse Pflanzen-Arten der Tropen können sich ein „Söldnerheer“ von Ameisen „leisten“, die beispielsweise die Aufgabe übernehmen, umgebende beschattende Bäume zu entblättern. Im Gegenzug erhalten die Ameisen von den sehr lichtbedürftigen Pflanzen Wohnraum und Futter. Ein abschließendes Kapitel stellt Fragen zu einem dauerhaften Frieden, dem Traum einer friedliebenden menschlichen Gesellschaft.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
The lactoperoxidase system links anion transport to host defense in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Fernandez, Vania E.
name: Wijkstrom-Frei, Corinne
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Conner, Gregory E.
name: Salathe, Matthias
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis result from CFTR channel mutations but how these impair antibacterial defense is less clear. Airway host defense depends on lactoperoxidase (LPO) that requires thiocyanate (SCN−) to function and epithelia use CFTR to concentrate SCN− at the apical surface. To test whether CFTR mutations result in impaired LPO-mediated host defense, CF epithelial SCN− transport was measured. CF epithelia had significantly lower transport rates, did not accumulate SCN− in the apical compartment. The lower CF [SCN−] did not support LPO antibacterial activity. Modeling of airway LPO activity suggested that reduced transport impairs LPO-mediated defense and cannot be compensated by LPO or H2O2 upregulation.
Regular Bulk Solutions in Brane-worlds with Inhomogeneous Dust and Generalized Dark Radiation
Creators: name: Herrera-Aguilar, A.
name: Kuerten, A. M.
name: da Rocha, Roldao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the dynamics of a brane-world with matter fields present in the bulk, the bulk metric and the black string solution near the brane are generalized, when both the dynamics of inhomogeneous dust/generalized dark radiation on the brane-world and inhomogeneous dark radiation in the bulk as well are considered -- as exact dynamical collapse solutions. Based on the analysis on the inhomogeneous static exterior of a collapsing sphere of homogeneous dark radiation on the brane, the associated black string warped horizon is studied, as well as the 5D bulk metric near the brane. Moreover, the black string and the bulk are shown to be more regular upon time evolution, for suitable values for the dark radiation parameter in the model, by analyzing the physical soft singularities.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Der gezähmte Apostel im Galaterbrief. Kanonisches framing zur Entschärfung eines alten Konflikts
Creators: name: Busch, Peter
Publisher: name: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online
Year: 2023

description: Der Galaterbrief ist die am stärksten polemische Epistel aus der Feder des Apostels Paulus, in der Paulus sich in einem auch auf persönlicher Ebene ausgetragenen Konflikt bewegt, dort seine Position formuliert und sich mit Schärfe an seinen wohl judenchristlich geprägten Opponenten abarbeitet. Der Brief kursiert als Einzelschrift und mit ihm der ungelöste Konflikt und die polemische Note. In seiner Frontstellung als erster und damit exponierter Brief in der ersten bekannten frühchristlichen Schriftsammlung mit dem Anspruch kanonischer Geltung, der Bibel Marcions, wird diese Polemik Programm und gewinnt zudem eine antijüdische Schlagseite. Doch im Rahmen der für uns heute maßgeblichen „kanonischen Ausgabe“ des Neuen Testaments ist der Galaterbrief „gezähmt“: Er ist zwar Teil des Kanons (die entsprechenden Konflikte werden also nicht verschwiegen), aber er hat als vierter von vierzehn Paulusbriefen seine Frontstellung verloren und erscheint durch umgebende Leseanleitungen (beispielsweise aus der Apostelgeschichte) in versöhnlichem Licht. Damit ist die frühchristliche publizistische Behandlung des Galaterbriefes ein Beispiel für Konfliktentschärfung durch entsprechendes framing.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 8 (2023): Krieg, Konflikt, Solidarität
d -Glucose sensing by a plasma membrane regulator of G signaling protein, At RGS1
Creators: name: Osuna, Daniel
name: Scheible, Wolf-Rüdiger
name: Liu, Chenggang
name: Jones, Alan M.
name: Grigston, Jeffrey C.
name: Stitt, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Plants use sugars as signaling molecules and possess mechanisms to detect and respond to changes in sugar availability, ranging from the level of secondary signaling molecules to altered gene transcription. G-protein-coupled pathways are involved in sugar signaling in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana Regulator of G-protein Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1) combines a receptor-like seven transmembrane domain with an RGS domain, interacts with the Arabidopsis Gα subunit (AtGPA1) in a D-glucose-regulated manner, and stimulates AtGPA1 GTPase activity. We determined that AtRGS1 interacts with additional components, genetically defined here, to serve as a plasma membrane sensor for D-glucose. This interaction between AtRGS1 and AtGPA1 involves, in part, the seven-transmembrane domain of AtRGS1.
Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Search for Planetary Nebulae in Globular Clusters of the Local Group
Creators: name: Bond, Howard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single stars in ancient globular clusters (GCs) are believed incapable of producing planetary nebulae (PNe), because their post-asymptotic-giant-branch evolutionary timescales are slower than the dissipation timescales for PNe. Nevertheless, four PNe are known in Galactic GCs. Their existence likely requires more exotic evolutionary channels, including stellar mergers and common-envelope binary interactions. I carried out a snapshot imaging search with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for PNe in bright Local Group GCs outside the Milky Way. I used a filter covering the 5007 A nebular emission line of [O III], and another one in the nearby continuum, to image 66 GCs. Inclusion of archival HST frames brought the total number of extragalactic GCs imaged at 5007 A to 75, whose total luminosity slightly exceeds that of the entire Galactic GC system. I found no convincing PNe in these clusters, aside from one PN in a young M31 cluster misclassified as a GC, and two PNe at such large angular separations from an M31 GC that membership is doubtful. In a ground-based spectroscopic survey of 274 old GCs in M31, Jacoby et al. (2013) found three candidate PNe. My HST images of one of them suggest that the [O III] emission actually arises from ambient interstellar medium rather than a PN; for the other two candidates, there are broad-band archival UV HST images that show bright, blue point sources that are probably the PNe. In a literature search, I also identified five further PN candidates lying near old GCs in M31, for which follow-up observations are necessary to confirm their membership. The rates of incidence of PNe are similar, and small but non-zero, throughout the GCs of the Local Group.
description: Accepted by Astronomical Journal
Interfacing Cytogenic Electrons with Conductive Nanomaterials: Energetics and Electron-Transport
Creators: name: Cotts, Sheldon
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: A synergistic, nanoscale electrical-interface with the membranes of exoelectrogenic microbes will have transformative impact on biological cell based electronic-devices. Here, it is reported that a conformal graphenic interface on biocatalytic Geobacter sulfurreducens membrane results in quantum-capacitance induced n-doping in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that further enhances electron shuttling from the membrane to improve electron harvesting from the electrogenic organism. Next, cytogenic electrons from a bacterial source have been limited in their application to energy devices. By interfacing the electrogenic bacteria with graphene nano-dots (GNDs) we designed a route for self-induced phononic enhancement by selectively directing electrons to targeted molecules. Finally, the combination of graphene’s interfacial and phononic properties has led to the realization of a clean signal transducer. Leveraging graphene’s biocompatibility, electronic sensitivity, and known phononic characterization facilitates the study of the electrokinectics of the nano-bio interface for single cell resolution of electrogenic bacteria.
Hamiltonian Truncation Study of the Phi^4 Theory in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Rychkov, Slava
name: Vitale, Lorenzo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We defend the Fock-space Hamiltonian truncation method, which allows to calculate numerically the spectrum of strongly coupled quantum field theories, by putting them in a finite volume and imposing a UV cutoff. The accuracy of the method is improved via an analytic renormalization procedure inspired by the usual effective field theory. As an application, we study the two-dimensional Phi^4 theory for a wide range of couplings. The theory exhibits a quantum phase transition between the symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking phases. We extract quantitative predictions for the spectrum and the critical coupling and make contact with previous results from the literature. Future directions to further improve the accuracy of the method and enlarge its scope of applications are outlined.
description: 41 pages, 27 pictures. Python code included with submission; v2: improved discussion of the work of Coser et al; v3: exponentially suppressed correction terms in the finite volume Hamiltonian made explicit; v4: Eq. (4.7) corrected; v5: refs updated; v6: errors corrected in appendix on perturbative checks
Enhanced photoluminescence from single nitrogen-vacancy defects in nanodiamonds coated with metal-phenolic networks
Creators: name: Bray, Kerem
name: Previdi, Rodolfo
name: Gibson, Brant C.
name: Shimoni, Olga
name: Aharonovich, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluorescent nanodiamonds are attracting major attention in the field of bio-sensing and biolabeling. In this work we demonstrate a robust approach to surface functionalize individual nanodiamonds with metal-phenolic networks that enhance the photoluminescence from single nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. We show that single NV centres in the coated nanodiamonds also exhibit shorter lifetimes, opening another channel for high resolution sensing. We propose that the nanodiamond encapsulation suppresses the non-radiative decay pathways of the NV color centers. Our results provide a versatile and assessable way to enhance photoluminescence from nanodiamond defects that can be used in a variety of sensing and imaging applications
description: Accepted to Nanoscale
Modulation of nucleobindin-1 and nucleobindin-2 by caspases
Creators: name: Liu, Rihe
name: Cotten, Steven W.
name: Valencia, C. Alexander
name: Duan, Jinzhu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Nucleobindin-1 and nucleobindin-2 are multifunctional proteins that interact with Ca2+, nucleic acids, and various regulatory proteins in different signaling pathways. So far, our understanding of the regulation of the biological functions of nucleobindins remains limited. In our proteome-wide selection for downstream caspase substrates, both nucleobindin-1 and nucleobindin-2 are found to be the downstream substrates of caspases. We report here the detailed analyses of the cleavage of nucleobindins by caspases. Significantly, the caspase cleavage sites are located exactly at one of the Ca2+-binding EF-hand motifs. Our results suggest that the functions of nucleobindins could be modulated by caspase-mediated cleavage in apoptosis.
MPEC 2024-R296 : 2024 RH14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RH14

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
MPEC 2023-U133 : 2023 TT36
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TT36

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Structure theory of Rack-Bialgebras
Creators: name: Alexandre, Charles
name: Bordemann, Martin
name: Riviere, Salim
name: Wagemann, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16T15, 17A32, 22E60

description: In this paper we focus on a certain self-distributive multiplication on coalgebras, which leads to so-called rack bialgebra. Inspired by semi-group theory (adapting the Suschkewitsch theorem), we do some structure theory for rack bialgebras and cocommutative Hopf dialgebras. We also construct canonical rack bialgebras (some kind of enveloping algebras) for any Leibniz algebra and compare to the existing constructions. We are motivated by a differential geometric procedure which we call the Serre functor: To a pointed differentible manifold with multiplication is associated its distribution space supported in the chosen point. For Lie groups, it is well-known that this leads to the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra. For Lie racks, we get rack-bialgebras, for Lie digroups, we obtain cocommutative Hopf dialgebras.
description: 59 pages. The initial article was split during refereeing. This is the part on the structure theory of rack bialgebras
Graphs and Ontologies for Literary Evolution Models
Creators: name: Pianzola, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: computational literary studies
cultural evolution
digital humanities
knowledge graph

description: Federico Pianzola introduced the GOLEM (Graphs and Ontologies for Literary Evolution Models) project and the pilot research it is based on. One of the initial key questions that this research had to resolve was how to find data about the impact that stories have on readers. By turning to online fanfiction sites like AO3, which has around eight million stories, in roughly forty thousand fandoms, Federico Pianzola was able to successfully demonstrate in a pilot study on English language Harry Potter fanfiction how the evolution of these stories can be analysed to identify an increase in the complexity of stories, as well as in the relationships and the themes depicted therein. The GOLEM project will work with a number of different language (English, Spanish, Italian, Korean, and Indonesian) fanfiction resources to create a graph database as well as take advantage of connecting their metadata to other linked open data sources such as Wikidata and the JVMG knowledge graph.
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Diet, Blood Pressure Change, and Hypertension: The HCHS/SOL
Creators: name: Rosas Morales, Carlos E
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Hypertension (HTN) affects roughly one third of the U.S. population. Concurrently, elevated depressive symptoms have skyrocketed in the past three decades. Both conditions are prevalent among Hispanic/Latino adults, yet few studies have examined their association and potential underlying mechanisms in this population. Using data (N= 10,783 adults) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), this study examined (1) the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms at Visit 1 (2008-11) with changes in BP between Visits 1 and 2 (2014-17) and HTN incidence after six years of follow-up; and (2) the potential mediating role of diet quality on the association of elevated depressive symptoms with changes in BP between visits and incidence of HTN. The target population included 52.2% women, had a mean age of 41.1 years (18 – 75 years) at baseline, and were predominantly of Mexican (38.0%), Cuban (20.3%), Puerto Rican (15.6%), and Dominican (9.3%) background. Results from multivariable Poisson regressions revealed that adults with elevated depressive symptoms at Visit1 had a 20% higher incidence of HTN at Visit 2 than those with lower symptoms after adjusting for sex, age, and sociodemographic factors. This association became attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for clinical variables. Elevated depressive symptoms were not associated with changes in systolic or diastolic BP. Structural equation modeling results showed that diet quality did not mediate the association of depressive symptoms with changes in BP or HTN; however, persons with elevated baseline depressive symptoms had poorer diet quality at Visit 1 than those with lower symptoms. These findings underscore the important role of elevated depressive symptoms as a risk factor for HTN among Hispanic/Latino adults.