cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Estimating the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses in the Americas and Europe: a modelling study
Creators: name: Zardini, Agnese
name: Menegale, Francesco
name: Poletti, Piero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This repository contains:

a code developed in C language to perform the analyses presented in the article "Estimating the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses in the Americas and Europe: a modelling study" by Zardini et al (https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00252-8);

model estimates of the absolute abundance Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti per hectare in the Americas and in Europe, provided for each month at a spatial scale of 1km x 1km, and of the  the basic reproduction number (R0) of dengue virus, Zika virus and chikungunya, provided for each month at a spatial scale of 250m x 250m. 

The folder "code" contains the code developed for the analyses and the input files to execute the code for an illustrative geographical area. The file "README.md" provides the instructions for running the code. The file "README_geographical_areas.txt" provides information of the geographical areas considered in the analysis reported in the article "Estimating the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses in the Americas and Europe: a modelling study" by Zardini et al (https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00252-8);.

The folder "ae albopictus.zip" contains the estimated mean absolute abundance per hectare of Aedes albopictus in the Americas and in Europe (in the subfolder "density") and the mean estimates of the basic reproduction number for dengue virus, Zika virus and chikungunya, as obtained by assuming Ae. albopictus to be the main vector species responsible for the transmission (see subfolders "R0_chik", "R0_deng", and "R0_zika", respectively). The folder "ae aegypti.zip" contains the estimated mean absolute abundance per hectare of Aedes aegypti in the Americas (in the subfolder "density") and the mean estimates of the basic reproduction number in the Americas for dengue virus, Zika virus and chikungunya, as obtained by assuming Ae. aegypti to be the main vector species responsible for the transmission (see subfolders "R0_chik", "R0_deng", and "R0_zika", respectively).
title: Rozwijanie kompetencji interpersonalnych. Manual dla wykładowców opracowany przez Grupę Ekspercką działającą na Wydziale Filologicznym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego w ramach projektu finansowanego przez NCBiR (2014-2015)
Creators: name: Petryna, Sylwia
name: Kosicki, Janusz
name: Madej, Zenon
name: Czarnecka, Małgorzata
name: Drąg, Wojciech
name: Kuźnik, Anna
name: Kwieciński, Leszek
name: Wojciechowicz, Anna
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: zatrudnialność absolwentów kierunków neofilologicznych
subject: przedsiębiorczość absolwentów kierunków neofilologicznych
subject: komptencje interpersonalne
subject: zakładanie własnej firmy
subject: współpraca uczelni z biznesem
subject: employability of graduates of modern languages
subject: entrepreneurship of graduates of modern languages
subject: interpersonal competences
subject: starting one’s own business
subject: cooperation between universities and business
subject: manual for lecturers

description: Projekt współfinansowany ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego; Program Operacyjny „Kapitał Ludzki”, Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju (ref. UDA-POKL.04.01.01-00-039/14-00; 01.10.2014-30.09.2015)
description: Projekt realizowany na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim w latach 2014-2015
description: Efektem projektu są m.in. materiały dydaktyczne prezentowane w tym zbiorze w opracowaniu Grupy Eksperckiej działającej na Wydziale Filologicznym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
description: Manual przeznaczony dla wykładowców nt. sposobów rozwijania kompetencji interpersonalnych jest materiałem dydaktycznym opracowanym przez Grupę Ekspercką powołaną w celu stworzenia platformy współpracy między pracodawcami a Wydziałem Filologicznym UWr oraz intensyfikacji istniejącego partnerstwa uczelni z biznesem na rzecz rozwoju kompetencji studentów w trakcie realizacji projektu pt. „Program doskonalenia kompetencji studentów kierunków neofilologicznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego skrojony na miarę rynku pracy” współfinansowanego ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego; Program Operacyjny „Kapitał Ludzki”, Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju (ref. UDA-POKL.04.01.01-00-039/14-00; 01.10.2014-30.09.2015)
description: Manual for lecturers about ways to develop interpersonal competences is a teaching material developed by an Expert Group established to create a platform for cooperation between employers and the Faculty of Letters of the University of Wrocław and to intensify the existing partnership between the university and business for the development of students' competences during the implementation of the project entitled “Programme for Improving the Competences of Students of Modern Languages at the University of Wrocław, Tailored to the Labour Market,” co-financed by the European Union as part of the European Social Fund, Human Capital Operational Programme, National Center for Research and Development (UDA-POKL.04.01.01-00-039/14-00; 01.10.2014-30.09.2015)
Stratification of physical parameters in a C-class solar flare using multi-line observations
Creators: name: Yadav, Rahul
name: Baso, C. J. D.
name: Rodr'iguez, J. de la Cruz
name: Calvo, F.
name: Morosin, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution and multi-line observations of a C2-class solar flare, occurred in NOAA AR 12740 on May 6, 2019. The rise, peak and decay phases of the flare were recorded continuously and quasi-simultaneously in the Ca II K line with the CHROMIS instrument, the Ca II 8542 and Fe I 6173 Ålines with the CRISP instrument at the SST. The observations in the chromospheric Ca II lines exhibit intense brightening near the flare footpoints. At these locations, a non-LTE inversion code was employed to infer the temperature, magnetic field, line-of-sight (LOS) velocity and microturbulent velocity stratification in the flaring atmosphere. During the flare peak time, the LOS velocity shows both upflows and downflows around the flare footpoints in the upper chromosphere and lower chromosphere, respectively. Moreover, the temporal analysis of the LOS magnetic field at the flarepoints exhibits a maximum change of ~600 G. After the flare, the LOS magnetic field decreases to the non-flaring value, exhibiting no permanent or step-wise change. The analysis of response functions to the temperature, LOS magnetic field and velocity shows that the Ca II lines exhibit enhanced sensitivity to the deeper layers (i.e., log_t ~ -3) of the flaring atmosphere, whereas for the non-flaring atmosphere they are mainly sensitive around log_t ~ -4. We suggest that a fraction of the apparent increase in the LOS magnetic field at the flare footpoints may be due to the increase in the sensitivity of the Ca II 8542 Åline in the deeper layers, where the field strength is relatively stronger. The rest can be due to magnetic field reconfiguration during the flare. Our observations illustrate that even a less intense C-class flare can heat the deeper layers of the solar chromosphere, mainly at the flare footpoints, without affecting the photosphere.
description: Short abstract, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted by A&A
Modelling extravascular drug penetration using multilayered cell cultures
Creators: name: Kyle, Alastair Hugh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes experiments using multilayered cell cultures (MCCs) to examine the ability of anticancer drugs to penetrate the extravascular compartment of tumour tissue. An MCC consists of cells grown on a permeable plastic membrane to form a disc-like, threedimensional tissue culture 10-30 layers in thickness. MCCs are similar to the spheroidal cell culture model in that they rnirnic the cell environment of tumour tissue better than monolayer cultures in terms of cell contact effects, oxygen and nutrient gradients and the extracellular matrix content. The geometry of MCCs allows for simple experiments in which the cultures are used to separate two reservoirs of a diffusion apparatus and the flux of a drug from one reservoir, through the culture and into the second reservoir, is determined. When coupled with detailed knowledge of the tissue environment and drug-cell interactions, the analysis of flux data from such experiments provides quantitative information on the rate of diffusion and metabolism, or binding, of the drug within the tissue. Such information can be used as a comparative measure between analogues within a given family of drugs or be directly applied to predict the ability of a drug to distribute into tumour tissue. The flux of representative compounds from several classes of anticancer drugs including hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, hypoxic cell cytotoxins and anthracyclines was studied and results are reported in this thesis. In addition to drug flux studies, the cell environment of MCCs was characterised using electrical impedance spectroscopy as well as through experiments involving the use of radiolabeled inulin.
Decoherence-Free Emergence of Macroscopic Local Realism for entangled photons in a cavity
Creators: name: Portolan, S.
name: Di Stefano, O.
name: Savasta, S.
name: Rossi, F.
name: Girlanda, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of environmental noise on polarization entangled light generated by parametric emission in a cavity. By adopting a recently developed separability criterion, we show that: i) self-stimulation may suppress the detrimental influence of noise on entanglement; ii) when self-stimulation becomes effective, a classical model of parametric emission incorporating noise provides the same results of quantum theory for the expectation values involved in the separability criterion. Moreover we show that, in the macroscopic limit, it is impossible to observe violations of local realism with measurements of $n$-particle correlations, whatever n but finite. These results provide an interesting example of the emergence of macroscopic local realism in the presence of strong entanglement even in the absence of decoherence.
description: 1 figure
Dependency of high-speed write properties on external magnetic field in spin-orbit torque in-plane magnetoresistance devices
Creators: name: Shiokawa, Yohei
name: Komura, Eiji
name: Ishitani, Yugo
name: Tsumita, Atsushi
name: Suda, Keita
name: Hamanaka, Kosuke
name: Taniguchi, Tomohiro
name: Sasaki, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistance (MR) devices have attracted attention for use in next-generation MR devices. The SOT devices are known to exhibit different write properties based on the relative angle between the magnetization direction of the free layer and the write-current direction. However, few studies that compare the write properties of each type have been reported. In this study, we measured the external perpendicular-magnetic field dependence of the threshold write current density and the write current switching probability using two types of in-plane magnetization SOT-MR devices.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
The Impacts of Retail Promotions on the Demand for Orange Juice: A Study of a Retail Chain
Creators: name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Knight, Erika P.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Knight, Erika P.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study examined the impacts of retail promotions on the demand for five brands of orange juices for a retail chain (referred to as Retailer X) and its competitors using the Rotterdam model. Results show that the combination of feature ads and displays had the largest impacts on retail revenue among the four promotional tactics considered, while temporary price reductions had no additional advertising impacts other than price impacts on retail revenues. Results also show that when Retailer X promotes an OJ brand using any of the tactics studied, a larger portion of the increased demand for the promoted brand came from reduced demand for other brands of OJ in the same store and a smaller portion came from the decreased demand in competing stores in the same trading area.
Estimating Agricultural Impacts of Expanded Ethanol Production: Policy Implications for Water Demand and Quality
Creators: name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: He, Lixia
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Willis, Kaelin
name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: He, Lixia
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Willis, Kaelin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Feedstock production for large scale development of the U.S. ethanol industry and introduction of cellulose–to-ethanol technology will require extensive changes in land use and impact water demand and quality. This study compares two scenarios: attaining a 60 billion gallon per year target of ethanol by 2030 and a billion gallon per year biodiesel target by 2012 with cellulose-to-ethanol technology introduced in 2012 and also delayed until 2015. Results suggest water demands and quality will vary regionally with cellulosic feedstock production. Policy emphasis on reduced and no-till practices needs to be complementary to increased crop residue use.
Relativistic three-particle quantization condition for nondegenerate scalars
Creators: name: Blanton, Tyler D.
name: Sharpe, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism relating the relativistic three-particle infinite-volume scattering amplitude to the finite-volume spectrum has been developed thus far only for identical or degenerate particles. We provide the generalization to the case of three nondegenerate scalar particles with arbitrary masses. A key quantity in this formalism is the quantization condition, which relates the spectrum to an intermediate K matrix. We derive three versions of this quantization condition, each a natural generalization of the corresponding results for identical particles. In each case we also determine the integral equations relating the intermediate K matrix to the three-particle scattering amplitude, $\mathcal M_3$. The version that is likely to be most practical involves a single Lorentz-invariant intermediate K matrix, $\widetilde{\mathcal K}_{\rm df,3}$. The other versions involve a matrix of K matrices, with elements distinguished by the choice of which initial and final particles are the spectators. Our approach should allow a straightforward generalization of the relativistic approach to all other three-particle systems of interest.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures; v2: added section 2 providing general recipe for developing formalism; fixed typos; matches with published version
Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Multi-Material Parts: Local Conductivity Adjustment through Functionally Graded Material Transitions of 316L and CuCrZr
Creators: name: Meyer, Ina
name: Glitt, Leon
name: Ehlers, Tobias
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: additive manufacturing
subject: powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M)
subject: multi-material parts
subject: heat treatment
subject: conductivity properties
subject: IPDAM
subject: SAM
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Recently, powder bed-based additive manufacturing has made it possible to produce metallic multi-material parts where the material can be varied within the build plane voxel by voxel. This capability enables the realization of functionally graded materials for selective adjustment of local part properties, such as heat dissipation. In this study, the effect of location-dependent property adjustment using functionally graded materials is investigated for the combination of 316L and CuCrZr in terms of conductivity. Functionally graded test specimens were successfully produced with voxel sizes of 1 mm and 2 mm, demonstrating the influence of geometry-dependent material gradients on conductivity properties. Additionally, the study reveals a significant improvement in conductivity of CuCrZr by a factor of more than 4 following heat treatment. Nevertheless, the resolution of the gradient is limited by the manufacturing facility in terms of the minimum possible voxel size.
Monitoring the volatile language of fungi using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Creators: name: Speckbacher, Verena
name: Zeilinger, Susanne
name: Zimmermann, Stefan
name: Mayhew, Christopher A.
name: Wiesenhofer, Helmut
name: Ruzsanyi, Veronika
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 2-Octanone
subject: Fungi
subject: Fusarium oxysporum
subject: Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)
subject: Light response
subject: Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs)
subject: Mycoparasitism
subject: Secondary metabolites
subject: Trichoderma atroviride
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Fusarium oxysporum is a plant pathogenic fungus leading to severe crop losses in agriculture every year. A sustainable way of combating this pathogen is the application of mycoparasites—fungi parasitizing other fungi. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride is such a mycoparasite that is able to antagonize phytopathogenic fungi. It is therefore frequently applied as a biological pest control agent in agriculture. Given that volatile metabolites play a crucial role in organismic interactions, the major aim of this study was to establish a method for on-line analysis of headspace microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) during cultivation of different fungi. An ion mobility spectrometer with gas chromatographic pre-separation (GC-IMS) enables almost real-time information of volatile emissions with good selectivity. Here we illustrate the successful use of GC-IMS for monitoring the time- and light-dependent release of MVOCs by F. oxysporum and T. atroviride during axenic and co-cultivation. More than 50 spectral peaks were detected, which could be assigned to 14 volatile compounds with the help of parallel gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) measurements. The majority of identified compounds are alcohols, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl propanol, 2-methyl butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-octen-3-ol. In addition to four ketones, namely acetone, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, and 2-octanone; two esters, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol-3-methylacetate; and one aldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, showed characteristic profiles during cultivation depending on axenic or co-cultivation, exposure to light, and fungal species. Interestingly, 2-octanone was produced only in co-cultures of F. oxysporum and T. atroviride, but it was not detected in the headspace of their axenic cultures. The concentrations of the measured volatiles were predominantly in the low ppbv range; however, values above 100 ppbv were detected for several alcohols, including ethanol, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methyl butanol, 1- and 3-methyl butanol, and for the ketone 2-heptanone, depending on the cultivation conditions. Our results highlight that GC-IMS analysis can be used as a valuable analytical tool for identifying specific metabolite patterns for chemotaxonomic and metabolomic applications in near-to-real time and hence easily monitor temporal changes in volatile concentrations that take place in minutes.
Linear stability analysis of resonant periodic motions in the restricted three-body problem
Creators: name: Viswanath, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The equations of the restricted three-body problem describe the motion of a massless particle under the influence of two primaries of masses $1-μ$ and $μ$, $0\leq μ\leq 1/2$, that circle each other with period equal to $2π$. When $μ=0$, the problem admits orbits for the massless particle that are ellipses of eccentricity $e$ with the primary of mass 1 located at one of the focii. If the period is a rational multiple of $2π$, denoted $2πp/q$, some of these orbits perturb to periodic motions for $μ> 0$. For typical values of $e$ and $p/q$, two resonant periodic motions are obtained for $μ> 0$. We show that the characteristic multipliers of both these motions are given by expressions of the form $1\pm\sqrt{C(e,p,q)μ}+O(μ)$ in the limit $μ\to 0$. The coefficient $C(e,p,q)$ is analytic in $e$ at $e=0$ and $C(e,p,q)=O(e^{\abs{p-q}})$. The coefficients in front of $e^{\abs{p-q}}$, obtained when $C(e,p,q)$ is expanded in powers of $e$ for the two resonant periodic motions, sum to zero. Typically, if one of the two resonant periodic motions is of elliptic type the other is of hyperbolic type. We give similar results for retrograde periodic motions and discuss periodic motions that nearly collide with the primary of mass $1-μ$.
Impact of rotation on the evolution of convective vortices in collapsing stars
Creators: name: Abdikamalov, E.
name: Foglizzo, T.
name: Mukazhanov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of rotation on the hydrodynamic evolution of convective vortices during stellar collapse. Using linear hydrodynamics equations, we study the evolution of the vortices from their initial radii in convective shells down to smaller radii where they are expected to encounter the supernova shock. We find that the evolution of vortices is mainly governed by two effects: the acceleration of infall and the accompanying speed up of rotation. The former effect leads to the radial stretching of vortices, which limits the vortex velocities. The latter effect leads to the angular deformation of vortices in the direction of rotation, amplifying their non-radial velocity. We show that the radial velocities of the vortices are not significantly affected by rotation. We study acoustic wave emission and find that it is not sensitive to rotation. Finally, we analyze the impact of the corotation point and find that it has a small impact on the overall acoustic wave emission.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Designing a methodological framework for the individualization of prosthetic implants: a literature-based approach
Creators: name: Müller, Patrik
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: product individualization
subject: generic process chain
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: prosthetic implants
subject: Produktindividualisierung
subject: Endoprothesen
subject: Algorithmische Modellierung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Despite the considerable advantages associated with product individualization, the utilization of standardized components prevails in medical devices like prosthetic implants. This is primarily due to the laborious and expensive nature of individualizing these intricate product models, necessitating expertise in design synthesis and additional manual effort. However, additive manufacturing offers the opportunity to produce highly variable products, e.g., free-form surfaces or complex topologies, allowing for developing process chains in computer-aided engineering environments (CAEE) that can address potential complexities in product individualization. Nevertheless, existing process chains do not provide a methodological framework for individualizing new products because they do not holistically consider data sources, solution space modeling, and final variant evaluation holistically. This study aims to provide a systematic literature review of individualization services for complex product models in the domain of prosthetic implants for additive manufacturing. A multi-criteria decision analysis is used to select relevant individualization services. The contribution of this study is to identify a methodological framework with characteristic features and requirements for the individualization of prosthetic implants, which have the potential to be formalized and automated in a CAEE.
Random phase approximation with exchange for an accurate description of crystalline polymorphism
Creators: name: Hellgren, Maria
name: Baguet, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the correlation energy of BN, SiO$_2$ and ice polymorphs employing a recently developed RPAx (random phase approximation with exchange) approach. The RPAx provides larger and more accurate polarizabilities as compared to the RPA, and captures effects of anisotropy. In turn, the correlation energy, defined as an integral over the density-density response function, gives improved binding energies without the need for error cancellation. Here, we demonstrate that these features are crucial for predicting the relative energies between low- and high-pressure polymorphs of different coordination number as, e.g., between $α$-quartz and stishovite in SiO$_2$, or layered and cubic BN. Furthermore, a reliable (H$_2$O)$_2$ potential energy surface is obtained, necessary for describing the various phases of ice. The RPAx gives results comparable to other high-level methods such as coupled cluster and quantum Monte Carlo, also in cases where the RPA breaks down. Although higher computational cost than RPA we observe a faster convergence with respect to the number of eigenvalues in the response function.
description: 13 pages + Appendices, 9 figures
Higgs boson searches in CP-conserving and CP-violating MSSM scenarios with the DELPHI detector
Creators: name: DELPHI Collaboration
name: Abdallah, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the final interpretation of the results from DELPHI on the searches for Higgs bosons in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). A few representative scenarios are considered, that include CP conservation and explicit CP violation in the Higgs sector. The experimental results encompass the searches for neutral Higgs bosons at LEP1 and LEP2 in final states as expected in the MSSM, as well as LEP2 searches for charged Higgs bosons and for neutral Higgs bosons decaying into hadrons independent of the quark flavour. The data reveal no significant excess with respect to background expectations. The results are translated into excluded regions of the parameter space in the various scenarios. In the CP-conserving case, these lead to limits on the masses of the lightest scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons, h and A, and on tan(beta). The dependence of these limits on the top quark mass is discussed. Allowing for CP violation reduces the experimental sensitivity to Higgs bosons. It is shown that this effect depends strongly on the values of the parameters responsible for CP violation in the Higgs sector.
description: 52 pages, 21 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J. C. A version with higher resolution figure 5 can be found at http://delphiwww.cern.ch/pubxx/papers/public/paper0365.ps.gz
A backscattering dominated prompt emission model for the prompt phase of Gamma ray bursts
Creators: name: Vyas, Mukesh K
name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Eichler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet drills its way through the collapsing star, it traps a baryonic cork ahead of it. Here we explore a prompt emission model for GRBs in which the jet does not cross the cork, but rather photons that are emitted deep in the flow largely by pair annihilation are scattered inside the expanding cork and escape largely from the back end of it as they push it from behind. Due to the relativistic motion of the cork, these photons are easily seen by an observer close to the jet axis peaking at $\varepsilon_{peak}\sim~few \times 100 keV$. We show that this model naturally explains several key observational features including: (1) High energy power law index $β_1 \sim -2 {~\rm to~} -5$ with an intermediate thermal spectral region; (2) decay of the prompt emission light curve as $\sim t^{-2}$; (3) Delay of soft photons; (4) peak energy - isotropic energy (the so-called Amati) correlation, $\varepsilon_{peak} \sim \varepsilon_{iso}^m$, with $m\sim 0.45$, resulting from different viewing angles. At low luminosities, our model predicts an observable turn off in the Amati relation. (4) An anti-correlation between the spectral full width half maxima (FWHM) and time as $t^{-1}$. (5) Temporal evolution $\varepsilon_{peak} \sim t^{-1}$, accompanied by an increase of the high energy spectral slope with time. (6) Distribution of peak energies $\varepsilon_{peak}$ in the observed GRB population. The model is applicable for a single pulse GRB lightcurves and respective spectra. We discuss the consequence of our model in view of the current and future prompt emission observations.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 20 pages, 17 Figures
Improvement of the target sensitivity in DECIGO by optimizing its parameters for quantum noise including the effect of diffraction loss
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Tomohiro
name: Iwaguchi, Shoki
name: Michimura, Yuta
name: Ando, Masaki
name: Yamada, Rika
name: Watanabe, Izumi
name: Nagano, Koji
name: Akutsu, Tomotada
name: Komori, Kentaro
name: Musha, Mitsuru
name: Naito, Takeo
name: Morimoto, Taigen
name: Kawamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DECIGO is the future Japanese gravitational wave detector in outer space. We previously set the default design parameters to provide a good target sensitivity to detect the primordial gravitational waves (GWs). However, the updated upper limit of the primordial GWs by the Planck observations motivated us for further optimization of the target sensitivity. Previously, we had not considered optical diffraction loss due to the very long cavity length. In this paper, we optimize various DECIGO parameters by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for the primordial GWs to quantum noise including the effects of diffraction loss. We evaluated the power spectrum density for one cluster in DECIGO utilizing the quantum noise of one differential Fabry-Perot interferometer. Then we calculated the SNR by correlating two clusters in the same position. We performed the optimization for two cases: the constant mirror-thickness case and the constant mirror-mass case. As a result, we obtained the SNR dependence on the mirror radius, which also determines various DECIGO parameters. This result is the first step toward optimizing the DECIGO design by considering the practical constraints on the mirror dimension and implementing other noise sources.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Molecular Dynamics Study of Charged Dendrimers in Salt-Free Solution: Effect of Counterions
Creators: name: Gurtovenko, Andrey A.
name: Lyulin, Sergey V.
name: Karttunen, Mikko
name: Vattulainen, Ilpo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, being protonated under physiological conditions, represent a promising class of nonviral, nano-sized vectors for drug and gene delivery. We performed extensive molecular dynamics simulations of a generic model dendrimer in a salt-free solution with dendrimer's terminal beads positively charged. Solvent molecules as well as counterions were explicitly included as interacting beads. We find that the size of the charged dendrimer depends non-monotonically on the strength of electrostatic interactions demonstrating a maximum when the Bjerrum length equals the diameter of a bead. Many other structural and dynamic characteristics of charged dendrimers are also found to follow this pattern. We address such a behavior to the interplay between repulsive interactions of the charged terminal beads and their attractive interactions with oppositely charged counterions. The former favors swelling at small Bjerrum lengths and the latter promotes counterion condensation. Thus, counterions can have a dramatic effect on the structure and dynamics of charged dendrimers and, under certain conditions, cannot be treated implicitly.
การแต่งกาพย์ยานี 11 ตามทัศนะของนายผี
Creators: name: มล. คำยวง วราสิทธิชัย
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2016
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 16, พฤศจิกายน, 47-75
หนังตะลุงเมืองเพชร: การศึกษาเชิงบทบาทหน้าที่
Creators: name: สมบัติ สมศรีพลอย
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2016
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 16, พฤศจิกายน, 76-100
Accurate black hole evolutions by fourth-order numerical relativity
Creators: name: Zlochower, Y.
name: Baker, J. G.
name: Campanelli, M.
name: Lousto, C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present techniques for successfully performing numerical relativity simulations of binary black holes with fourth-order accuracy. Our simulations are based on a new coding framework which currently supports higher order finite differencing for the BSSN formulation of Einstein's equations, but which is designed to be readily applicable to a broad class of formulations. We apply our techniques to a standard set of numerical relativity test problems, demonstrating the fourth-order accuracy of the solutions. Finally we apply our approach to binary black hole head-on collisions, calculating the waveforms of gravitational radiation generated and demonstrating significant improvements in waveform accuracy over second-order methods with typically achievable numerical resolution.
description: 17 pages, 25 figures
Narration of Reel #3 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio and video files VP-180317-08a and VP-180317-09: Verdena narrates Reel #3 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL (one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). Narrated in English (VP-180317-08) and then in Hupa (VP-180317-09). Due to re-numbering, Reel #3 has been assigned the CLA item number LA256.042.
Scientific intuition inspired by machine learning generated hypotheses
Creators: name: Friederich, Pascal
name: Krenn, Mario
name: Tamblyn, Isaac
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning with application to questions in the physical sciences has become a widely used tool, successfully applied to classification, regression and optimization tasks in many areas. Research focus mostly lies in improving the accuracy of the machine learning models in numerical predictions, while scientific understanding is still almost exclusively generated by human researchers analysing numerical results and drawing conclusions. In this work, we shift the focus on the insights and the knowledge obtained by the machine learning models themselves. In particular, we study how it can be extracted and used to inspire human scientists to increase their intuitions and understanding of natural systems. We apply gradient boosting in decision trees to extract human interpretable insights from big data sets from chemistry and physics. In chemistry, we not only rediscover widely know rules of thumb but also find new interesting motifs that tell us how to control solubility and energy levels of organic molecules. At the same time, in quantum physics, we gain new understanding on experiments for quantum entanglement. The ability to go beyond numerics and to enter the realm of scientific insight and hypothesis generation opens the door to use machine learning to accelerate the discovery of conceptual understanding in some of the most challenging domains of science.
Automated Coding of Under-Studied Medical Concept Domains: Linking Physical Activity Reports to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Creators: name: Newman-Griffis, Denis
name: Fosler-Lussier, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linking clinical narratives to standardized vocabularies and coding systems is a key component of unlocking the information in medical text for analysis. However, many domains of medical concepts lack well-developed terminologies that can support effective coding of medical text. We present a framework for developing natural language processing (NLP) technologies for automated coding of under-studied types of medical information, and demonstrate its applicability via a case study on physical mobility function. Mobility is a component of many health measures, from post-acute care and surgical outcomes to chronic frailty and disability, and is coded in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). However, mobility and other types of functional activity remain under-studied in medical informatics, and neither the ICF nor commonly-used medical terminologies capture functional status terminology in practice. We investigated two data-driven paradigms, classification and candidate selection, to link narrative observations of mobility to standardized ICF codes, using a dataset of clinical narratives from physical therapy encounters. Recent advances in language modeling and word embedding were used as features for established machine learning models and a novel deep learning approach, achieving a macro F-1 score of 84% on linking mobility activity reports to ICF codes. Both classification and candidate selection approaches present distinct strengths for automated coding in under-studied domains, and we highlight that the combination of (i) a small annotated data set; (ii) expert definitions of codes of interest; and (iii) a representative text corpus is sufficient to produce high-performing automated coding systems. This study has implications for the ongoing growth of NLP tools for a variety of specialized applications in clinical care and research.
description: Updated final version, published in Frontiers in Digital Health, https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.620828. 34 pages (23 text + 11 references); 9 figures, 2 tables
Optical Fingerprints of Polynuclear Complexes in Lead-Halide Perovskite Precursor Solutions
Creators: name: Valencia, Ana M.
name: Shargaieva, Oleksandra
name: Schier, Richard
name: Unger, Eva
name: Cocchi, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solvent-solute interactions in precursor solutions of lead halide perovskites (LHP) critically impact the quality of solution-processed materials, as they lead to the formation of a variety of poly-iodoplumbates that act as building blocks for LHP. The formation of [PbI$_{2+n}$]$^{n-}$ complexes is often expected in diluted solutions while coordination occurring at high concentrations is not well understood yet. In a combined \textit{ab initio} and experimental work, we demonstrate that the optical spectra of the quasi-one-dimensional iodoplumbate complexes PbI$_2$(DMSO)$_4$, Pb$_2$I$_4$(DMSO)$_6$, and Pb$_3$I$_6$(DMSO)$_8$ formed in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions are compatible with the spectral fingerprints measured at high concentrations of lead iodide. This finding suggests that the formation of polynuclear lead-halide complexes should be accounted for in the interpretation of optical spectra of LHP precursor solutions.
Stable manifolds and homoclinic points near resonances in the restricted three-body problem
Creators: name: Viswanath, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The restricted three-body problem describes the motion of a massless particle under the influence of two primaries of masses $1-μ$ and $μ$ that circle each other with period equal to $2π$. For small $μ$, a resonant periodic motion of the massless particle in the rotating frame can be described by relatively prime integers $p$ and $q$, if its period around the heavier primary is approximately $2πp/q$, and by its approximate eccentricity $e$. We give a method for the formal development of the stable and unstable manifolds associated with these resonant motions. We prove the validity of this formal development and the existence of homoclinic points in the resonant region. In the study of the Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt, the separatrices of the averaged equations of the restricted three-body problem are commonly used to derive analytical approximations to the boundaries of the resonances. We use the unaveraged equations to find values of asteroid eccentricity below which these approximations will not hold for the Kirkwood gaps with $q/p$ equal to 2/1, 7/3, 5/2, 3/1, and 4/1. Another application is to the existence of asymmetric librations in the exterior resonances. We give values of asteroid eccentricity below which asymmetric librations will not exist for the 1/7, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 resonances for any $μ$ however small. But if the eccentricity exceeds these thresholds, asymmetric librations will exist for $μ$ small enough in the unaveraged restricted three-body problem.
Second-order perturbations of a zero-pressure cosmological medium: comoving vs. synchronous gauge
Creators: name: Hwang, J.
name: Noh, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Except for the presence of gravitational wave source term, the relativistic perturbation equations of a zero-pressure irrotational fluid in a flat Friedmann world model coincide exactly with the Newtonian ones to the second order in perturbations. Such a relativistic-Newtonian correspondence is available in a special gauge condition (the comoving gauge) in which all the variables are equivalently gauge invariant. In this work we compare our results with the ones in the synchronous gauge which has been used often in the literature. Although the final equations look simpler in the synchronous gauge, the variables have remnant gauge modes. Except for the presence of the gauge mode for the perturbed order variables, however, the equations in the synchronous gauge are gauge invariant and can be exactly identified as the Newtonian hydrodynamic equations in the Lagrangian frame. In this regard, the relativistic equations to the second order in the comoving gauge are the same as the Newtonian hydrodynamic equations in the Eulerian frame. We resolve several issues related to the two gauge conditions often to fully nonlinear orders in perturbations.
description: 8 pages, no figure
Dualities in Abelian statistical models
Creators: name: Jaimungal, Sebastian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Various aspects of duality in a series of Abelian lattice models defined on topologically non-trivial lattices are investigated. The dual theories on non-trivial spaces are found to contain extra topological degrees of freedom in addition to the usual local ones. By exploiting this fact, it is possible to introduce topological modes in the defining partition function such that the dual model contains a reduced set of topological degrees of freedom. Such a mechanism leads to the possibility of constructing self-dual lattice models even when the naive theory fails to be self-dual. After writing the model in field-strength formalism the topological modes are identified as being responsible for the quantization of global charges. Using duality, correlators in particular dimensions are explicitly constructed, and the topological modes are shown to lead to inequivalent sectors of the theory much like the inequivalent ^-sectors in non-Abelian gauge theories. Furthermore, duality is applied to the study of finite-temperature compact U(l), and previously unknown source terms, which arise in the dual Coulomb gas representation and consequently in the associated Sine-Gordon model, are identified. Finally, the topological modes are demonstrated to be responsible for the maintenance of target-space duality in lattice regulated bosonic string theory and automatically lead to the suppression of vortex configurations which would otherwise destroy the duality.
Molecules in clusters: the case of planar LiBeBCNOF built from a triangular form LiOB and a linear four-center species FBeCN
Creators: name: Forte, G.
name: Grassi, A.
name: Lombardo, G. M.
name: Angilella, G. G. N.
name: March, N. H.
name: Pucci, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Krueger some years ago proposed a cluster LiBeBCNOF, now called periodane. His ground-state isomer proposal has recently been refined by Bera et al. using DFT. Here, we take the approach of molecules in such a cluster as starting point. We first study therefore the triangular molecule LiOB by coupled cluster theory (CCSD) and thereby specify accurately its equilibrium geometry in free space. The second fragment we consider is FBeCN, but treated now by restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) theory. This four-center species is found to be linear, and the bond lengths are obtained from both RHF and CCSD calculations. Finally, we bring these two entities together and find that while LiOB remains largely intact, FBeCN becomes bent by the interaction with LiOB. Hartree-Fock and CCSD theories then predict precisely the same lowest isomer found by Bera et al. solely on the basis of DFT.
description: to appear in Phys. Lett. A