cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Expected signatures from hadronic emission processes in the TeV spectra of BL Lac objects
Creators: name: Zech, Andreas
name: Cerruti, Matteo
name: Mazin, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wealth of recent data from imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments and neutrino telescopes have fuelled a renewed interest in hadronic emission models for gamma-loud blazars. We explore physically plausible solutions for a lepto-hadronic interpretation of the stationary emission from high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). The modelled spectral energy distributions are then searched for specific signatures at very high energies that could help to distinguish the hadronic origin of the emission from a standard leptonic scenario. By introducing a few basic constraints on parameters of the model, such as assuming the co-acceleration of electrons and protons, we significantly reduced the number of free parameters. We then systematically explored the parameter space of the size of the emission region and its magnetic field for two bright gamma-loud HBLs, PKS 2155-304 and Mrk 421. For all solutions close to equipartition between the energy densities of protons and of the magnetic field, and with acceptable jet power and light-crossing timescales, we inspected the spectral hardening in the multi-TeV domain from proton-photon induced cascades and muon-synchrotron emission inside the source. Very-high-energy spectra simulated with the available instrument functions from the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) were evaluated for detectable features as a function of exposure time, source redshift, and flux level. Over a large range of model parameters, the spectral hardening due to internal synchrotron-pair cascades, the "cascade bump", should be detectable for acceptable exposure times with the future CTA for a few nearby and bright HBLs.
description: 18 pages, 20 figures, plus appendix. A problem with formatting of the bibliography has been fixed and a few minor language revisions have been done
A geometric viewpoint on generalized hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Spohn, Herbert
name: Yoshimura, Takato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) is a large-scale theory for the dynamics of many-body integrable systems. It consists of an infinite set of conservation laws for quasi-particles traveling with effective ("dressed") velocities that depend on the local state. We show that these equations can be recast into a geometric dynamical problem. They are conservation equations with state-independent quasi-particle velocities, in a space equipped with a family of metrics, parametrized by the quasi-particles' type and speed, that depend on the local state. In the classical hard rod or soliton gas picture, these metrics measure the free length of space as perceived by quasi-particles, in the quantum picture, they weigh space with the density of states available to them. Using this geometric construction, we find a general solution to the initial value problem of GHD, in terms of a set of integral equations where time appears explicitly. These integral equations are solvable by iteration and provide an extremely efficient solution algorithm for GHD.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. v2: 16 pages, 2 figures, improved derivation, discussion, and numerical analysis. v3: 17 pages, small adjustments, accepted version
Manifestations of the $a^0_0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing in $D^0\to K^0_Sπ^+π^-$ and $D^0\to K^0_Sηπ^0$ decays
Creators: name: Achasov, N. N.
name: Shestakov, G. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible manifestations of the isospin-breaking mixing of the $a^0_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ resonances are analyzed in the $D^0\to K^0_S π^+π^-$ and $D^0\to K^0_Sηπ^0$ decays. It is shown that the $a^0_0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing has the most influence on the $π^+π^-$ mass spectrum in the decay $D^0\to K^0_Sπ^+π^-$. Owing to the $a^0_0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing, the $f_0(980)$ peak in $D^0 \to K^0_Sf_0(980)\to K^0_S π^+π^-$ can experience distortions comparable with its size. The effect essentially depends on the relative phase between the amplitudes of the $D^0\to K^0_Sf_0(980)$ and $D^0\to K^0_Sa^0_0(980)$ transitions.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; v2: replaced with the published version; typos corrected, clarifications and reference added
Search for $2p$ decay of the first excited state of $^{17}$Ne
Creators: name: Sharov, P. G.
name: Bezbakh, A. A.
name: Chudoba, V.
name: Fomichev, A. S.
name: Golovkov, M. S.
name: Gorshkov, A. V.
name: Grigorenko, L. V.
name: Kaminski, G.
name: Knyazev, A. G.
name: Krupko, S. A.
name: Mentel, M.
name: Nikolskii, E. Yu.
name: Parfenova, Yu. L.
name: Pluchinski, P.
name: Rymzhanova, S. A.
name: Sidorchuk, S. I.
name: Slepnev, R. S.
name: Stepantsov, S. V.
name: Ter-Akopian, G. M.
name: Wolski, R.
name: Zhukov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-proton decay of the $^{17}$Ne low-lying states populated in the $^1$H($^{18}$Ne,$d$)$^{17}$Ne transfer reaction was studied. The two-proton width $Γ_{2p}$ of the $^{17}$Ne first excited $3/2^-$ state at $E^*=1.288$ MeV is of importance for the two-proton radioactivity theory and nuclear-astrophysics applications. A dedicated search for the two-proton emission of this state was performed leading to the new upper limit obtained for the width ratio $Γ_{2p}/Γ_γ < 1.6(3) \times 10^{-4}$. A novel, "combined mass" method is suggested and tested capable to improve the resolution of the experiment which is a prime significance for the study of nuclear states with extremely small particle-to-gamma width ratios $Γ_{\mathrm{part}}/Γ_γ$. The condition $Γ_{\mathrm{part}} \ll Γ_γ$ is quite common for the states of astrophysical interest which makes the proposed approach promising in this field.
Inverse statistical problems: from the inverse Ising problem to data science
Creators: name: Nguyen, H. Chau
name: Zecchina, Riccardo
name: Berg, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Inverse problems in statistical physics are motivated by the challenges of `big data' in different fields, in particular high-throughput experiments in biology. In inverse problems, the usual procedure of statistical physics needs to be reversed: Instead of calculating observables on the basis of model parameters, we seek to infer parameters of a model based on observations. In this review, we focus on the inverse Ising problem and closely related problems, namely how to infer the coupling strengths between spins given observed spin correlations, magnetisations, or other data. We review applications of the inverse Ising problem, including the reconstruction of neural connections, protein structure determination, and the inference of gene regulatory networks. For the inverse Ising problem in equilibrium, a number of controlled and uncontrolled approximate solutions have been developed in the statistical mechanics community. A particularly strong method, pseudolikelihood, stems from statistics. We also review the inverse Ising problem in the non-equilibrium case, where the model parameters must be reconstructed based on non-equilibrium statistics.
description: Review article, 45 pages
The Open Book Collective: Supporting and Sustaining Bibliodiversity in Open Access Publishing
Creators: name: Fathallah, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Panel: Sustainable futures for OA book publishing: Sheffield, St. Andrews and the Open Book Collective. Judith Fathallah, Research and Outreach Associate/Research Fellow, Lancaster University/Coventry University @JudithFathallah Kyle Brady, Peter Barr, Head of Content & Collections, University of Sheffield, @tweeterBarr This hour-long session addresses the challenges and opportunities of funding and supporting sustainable Open Access books in libraries. Peter Barr, Head of Content and Collections at the University of Sheffield will discuss some of the challenges involved in creating sustainable processes and decision making to support OA book publishing (and other open infrastructure). He will outline how Sheffield has created an Open Scholarship fund to support community-led publishing initiatives from its existing library content budget and how this has been justified at institutional level. Kyle Brady, Scholarly Communications Manager from the University of St Andrews will discuss how he has managed advocacy, outreach and communication regarding supporting sustainable OA initiatives and opportunities to promote open research. He will discuss securing agreements to support publishers aligned with institutional objectives, and demonstrating and evidencing these decisions. He will also discuss the ways in which the Open Access team as St Andrews raises awareness of values-based OA publishers, builds trust in new initiatives, and educates academics on the benefits of OA publishing, on an individual level as well as institutional and societal
Tiny Electromagnetic Explosions
Creators: name: Thompson, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper considers electromagnetic transients of a modest total energy (${\cal E} \gtrsim 10^{40}$ erg) and small initial size (${\cal R} \gtrsim 10^{-1}$ cm). They could be produced during collisions between relativistic field structures (e.g. macroscopic magnetic dipoles) that formed around, or before, cosmic electroweak symmetry breaking. The outflowing energy has a dominant electromagnetic component; a subdominant thermal component (temperature $> 1$ GeV) supplies inertia in the form of residual $e^\pm$. A thin shell forms that expands subluminally, attaining a Lorentz factor $\sim 10^{6-7}$ before decelerating. Drag is supplied by the reflection of an ambient magnetic field, and by deflection of ambient free electrons. Emission of low-frequency (GHz-THz) superluminal waves takes place through three channels: i) reflection of the ambient magnetic field; ii) direct linear conversion of the embedded magnetic field into a superluminal mode; and iii) excitation outside the shell by corrugation of its surface. The escaping electromagnetic pulse is very narrow (a few wavelengths) and so the width of the detected transient is dominated by propagation effects. GHz radio transients are emitted from i) the dark matter halos of galaxies and ii) the near-horizon regions of supermassive black holes that formed by direct gas collapse and now accrete slowly. Brighter and much narrower 0.01-1 THz pulses are predicted at a rate at least comparable to fast radio bursts, experiencing weaker scattering and absorption. The same explosions also accelerate protons up to $\sim 10^{19}$ eV and heavier nuclei up to $10^{20-21}$ eV.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures, Astrophysical Journal, in press
Protocol - Guidelines for clozapine treatment in resistant schizophrenia
Creators: name: Freire, Estefania
name: Espinoza, Jhon
name: González Pérez, Geomara Leticia
name: Hinojosa Calero, Michael Ariel
name: Ortiz, Diomaris
name: Ponce, Francis
name: SALAVARRIA FLORES, KARLA DANIELA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320221
subject: Psychiatry (incl. psychotherapy)

description: Clozapine is a molecule that acts as an antagonist in multiple neurotransmission systems, dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, and serotonergic, and whose use can only be suggested by a trained professional who, following a protocol, takes into account the following indications for the prescription: Clozapine can used in patients with Schizophrenia resistant to traditional antipsychotics; patients with Schizophrenia who do not tolerate adverse effects of other antipsychotics; patients with psychosis due to Parkinson's disease resistant to other drugs and in patients with Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with recurrent suicidal behavior. Likewise, the guidelines for the use of Clozapine also establish the following measures: Before starting treatment with Clozapine, the patient and his family must be provided with adequate information, answer their questions and request consent for the use of the drug; it requires that the patient and his family be able to commit both to taking the medication regularly and to blood tests, being as the use of this medication can cause the following complications: severe neutropenia that can evolve into agranulocytosis, serious infections, myocarditis, weight gain, Clozapine-induced insulin resistance, and epilepsy.
The X-ray and Mid-Infrared luminosities in Luminous Type 1 Quasars
Creators: name: Chen, Chien-Ting J.
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: Goulding, Andrew D.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Assef, Roberto
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
name: Harrison, Chris M.
name: Hainline, Kevin N.
name: Alberts, Stacey
name: Alexander, David M.
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Del Moro, Agnese
name: Forman, William R.
name: Gorjian, Varoujan
name: Jones, Christine
name: Murray, Stephen S.
name: Pope, Alexandra
name: Rovilos, Emmanouel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several recent studies have reported different intrinsic correlations between the AGN mid-IR luminosity ($L_{MIR}$) and the rest-frame 2-10 keV luminosity ($L_{X}$) for luminous quasars. To understand the origin of the difference in the observed $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ relations, we study a sample of 3,247 spectroscopically confirmed type 1 AGNs collected from Boötes, XMM-COSMOS, XMM-XXL-North, and the SDSS quasars in the Swift/XRT footprint spanning over four orders of magnitude in luminosity. We carefully examine how different observational constraints impact the observed $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ relations, including the inclusion of X-ray non-detected objects, possible X-ray absorption in type 1 AGNs, X-ray flux limits, and star formation contamination. We find that the primary factor driving the different $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ relations reported in the literature is the X-ray flux limits for different studies. When taking these effects into account, we find that the X-ray luminosity and mid-IR luminosity (measured at rest-frame $6μm$, or $L_{6μm}$) of our sample of type 1 AGNs follow a bilinear relation in the log-log plane: $\log L_X =(0.84\pm0.03)\times\log L_{6μm}/10^{45}{\rm erg\;s^{-1}} + (44.60\pm0.01)$ for $L_{6μm} < 10^{44.79}{\rm erg\;s^{-1}} $, and $\log L_X = (0.40\pm0.03)\times\log L_{6μm}/10^{45}{\rm erg\;s^{-1}} +(44.51\pm0.01)$ for $L_{6μm} \geq 10^{44.79}{\rm erg\;s^{-1}} $. This suggests that the luminous type 1 quasars have a shallower $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ correlation than the approximately linear relations found in local Seyfert galaxies. This result is consistent with previous studies reporting a luminosity-dependent $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ relation, and implies that assuming a linear $L_{X}-L_{MIR}$ relation to infer the neutral gas column density for X-ray absorption might overestimate the column densities in luminous quasars.
description: The parameters in Equation 2 of the previous version were derived without including XXL-North, and are inconsistent with the parameters reported in the abstract. An erratum is submitted to ApJ and can be downloaded at https://ctjchen.github.io/lxl6umerratum.pdf
title: Organic geochemical data of higher plant coals from Svalbard and Northeast Greenland reveal implications for a connected Paleogene setting
Creators: name: Kerschhofer, Franz Philip
name: Blumenberg, Martin
name: Reinhardt, Lutz
name: Thiel, Volker
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The organic geochemistry of Paleogene coals from central Spitsbergen (Longyearbyen and Grumantbyen) and northeast Greenland (Thyra Ø Island and Kronprins Christian Land), which were sampled during a BGR expedition in 2018, was studied using Rock-Eval and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Rock-Eval data and biomarker distributions of the coals (e.g. hopanoids and hopanoic acids) demonstrate a low coal rank for both, but a lower thermal maturity of coals from Greenland compared to those from Svalbard. The generally high abundance of hopanoids implies a strong bacterial reworking of the organic matter, whereas sulphur occurrences indicate a marine influence after organic matter deposition. A great variety of higher plant biomarkers was detected in all coals. Distinctive compounds recorded in the coals are aliphatic and aromatic diterpenoids as well as partly aromatised picenes, indicating strong input of conifers and angiosperms. The oxicity of the paleo-swamps was determined with pristane and phytane based ratios: Tentatively organic matter was deposited in a fluvio-deltaic setting at both sites.

This study provides a detailed geochemical investigation of so far understudied coals from northeast Greenland. Moreover, it aims to enhance our understanding of formerly connected Paleogene settings from Spitsbergen and Greenland in terms of their paleoecology, primary input into coal swamps and individual thermal history. Our data also give insights into an Arctic environment that existed at comparably high latitudes as today, but at times close to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), where it supported the development of extensive swamps and forests.
title: Assessing diagenetic stability of enamel bioapatite oxygen isotope compositions by alteration in isotopically enriched tracer solution
Creators: name: Tütken, Thomas
name: Weber, Katrin
name: Vonhof, Hubert
name: Wiedenbeck, Michael
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:

Oxygen isotope compositions in enamel bioapatite are considered as robust proxy archives for ingested drinking water, body temperature and physiology of fossil vertebrates. However, only few alteration experiments have tested this assumption.

Here we present the results of alteration experiments of dental tissues. Three mm-sized dental cubes, comprising both enamel and dentine, were cut from a modern African elephant molar and placed into acidic aqueous solution highly enriched in 18O (3.43 mols/mol%) and were reacted in sealed Teflon vials at temperatures of 30 to 90 °C for up to two months. The δ18OSIMS distribution across the reacted dental cubes were measured in-situ to determine the degree of bioapatite alteration via profiles with step distance as short as 20 μm.

In the 30 °C experiments only a few permil enrichment in δ18OSIMS occurred at the outer and inner enamel rim. In contrast, for 90 °C experiments enamel was strongly enriched (≈ 100 to 600 ‰) throughout the complete enamel transect, increasing with experimental duration. The 18O-enriched tracer solution penetrated the enamel and exchanged significant amounts of oxygen with all three different oxygen-bearing moieties PO4, CO3 and OH. Thus, even mm-thick mammalian enamel is susceptible to pervasive oxygen isotope alteration, including the PO4-group, which is generally considered to be robust against abiogenic low temperature oxygen isotope exchange. This has implications for the reliability of enamel δ18O values as palaeoclimatic and palaeoecologic proxy.
title: Analysis of changes of the vegetation condition on the area of the closed Prosper Haniel mine using multispectral satellite and drone images.
Creators: name: Pawlik, Marcin
name: Gellendin, Maik
name: Bernsdorf, Bodo
name: Rudolph, Tobias
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Mining and post-mining processes have a significant impact on the environment. An important current task and challenge is therefore the continuous monitoring of mining areas. The project "Digital Twin - Integrated Geomonitoring" financed by RAG Stiftung (no. 20-0013) and carried out in cooperation with the Geological Survey of North-Rhine Westphalia develops an integrated geoscientific workflow to monitor the former mine Prosper-Haniel, (Bottrop). This paper describes a method of environmental geo-monitoring using vegetation indices, which allow long-term, temporal-spatial observation of changes and trends at the land surface. The freely available EU-Copernicus Data with its multispectral Sentinel-2 as well as the NASA Landsat-8 data provide a giant data repository for this investigation. To validate the results a subsurface model of the overburden und tectonic elements of the mine is integrated. The results show the full valorisation of integrated geoscientic workflows to understand changes at the surface above a former mine.
The Weak Gravity Conjecture and Scalar Fields
Creators: name: Palti, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalisation of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in the presence of scalar fields. The proposal is guided by properties of extremal black holes in ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity, but can be understood more generally in terms of forbidding towers of stable gravitationally bound states. It amounts to the statement that there must exist a particle on which the gauge force acts more strongly than gravity and the scalar forces combined. We also propose that the scalar force itself should act on this particle stronger than gravity. This implies that generically the mass of this particle decreases exponentially as a function of the scalar field expectation value for super-Planckian variations, which is behaviour predicted by the Refined Swampland Conjecture. In the context of ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity the Weak Gravity Conjecture bound can be tied to bounds on scalar field distances in field space. Guided by this, we present a general proof that for any linear combination of moduli in any Calabi-Yau compactification of string theory the proper field distance grows at best logarithmically with the moduli values for super-Planckian distances.
description: 25 pages. v2: Modified and extended section 4.1. v3: Clarifications added, published version
British Gallup Poll CQ 316
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Building societies (49); party support (1); last general election (2); economic development (2); prices (2); personal financials (2); future unemployment (1); income increase (2); time to save (1); Wales, Scotland, England separation (3); social problems (12); race relations (6); oil companies (10); medicine companies (22); sewing machine (4); soap (3); travel abroad (1); small appliances (24).
The CKM Parameters
Creators: name: Descotes-Genon, Sébastien
name: Koppenburg, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is a key element to describe flavour dynamics in the Standard Model. With only four parameters, this matrix is able to describe a large range of phenomena in the quark sector, such as CP violation and rare decays. It can thus be constrained by many different processes, which have to be measured experimentally with a high accuracy and computed with a good theoretical control. With the advent of the B factories and the LHCb experiment taking data, the precision has significantly improved recently. The most relevant experimental constraints and theoretical inputs are reviewed and fits to the CKM matrix are presented for the Standard Model and for some topical model-independent studies of New Physics.
description: Invited contribution to Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 67
A Néron-Ogg-Shafarevich criterion for K3 surfaces
Creators: name: Chiarellotto, Bruno
name: Lazda, Christopher
name: Liedtke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G20, 14F20, 14F30

description: The naive analogue of the Néron-Ogg-Shafarevich criterion is false for K3 surfaces, that is, there exist K3 surfaces over Henselian, discretely valued fields $K$, with unramified $\ell$-adic étale cohomology groups, but which do not admit good reduction over $K$. Assuming potential semi-stable reduction, we show how to correct this by proving that a K3 surface has good reduction if and only if $H^2_{\mathrm{\acute{e}t}}(X_{\overline{K}},\mathbb{Q}_\ell)$ is unramified, and the associated Galois representation over the residue field coincides with the second cohomology of a certain "canonical reduction" of $X$. We also prove the corresponding results for $p$-adic étale cohomology.
description: 52 pages, completely rewritten with significantly stronger main results
Multifractal metal in a disordered Josephson Junction Array
Creators: name: Pino, M.
name: Kravtsov, V. E.
name: Altshuler, B. L.
name: Ioffe, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of the numerical study of the non-dissipative quantum Josephson junction chain with the focus on the statistics of many-body wave functions and local energy spectra. The disorder in this chain is due to the random offset charges. This chain is one of the simplest physical systems to study many-body localization. We show that the system may exhibit three distinct regimes: insulating, characterized by the full localization of many-body wavefunctions, fully delocalized (metallic) one characterized by the wavefunctions that take all the available phase volume and the intermediate regime in which the volume taken by the wavefunction scales as a non-trivial power of the full Hilbert space volume. In the intermediate, non-ergodic regime the Thouless conductance (generalized to many-body problem) does not change as a function of the chain length indicating a failure of the conventional single-parameter scaling theory of localization transition. The local spectra in this regime display the fractal structure in the energy space which is related with the fractal structure of wave functions in the Hilbert space. A simple theory of fractality of local spectra is proposed and a new scaling relationship between fractal dimensions in the Hilbert and energy space is suggested and numerically tested.
description: 11 pages
On arbitrarily slow convergence rates for strong numerical approximations of Cox-Ingersoll-Ross processes and squared Bessel processes
Creators: name: Hefter, Mario
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) processes are extensively used in state-of-the-art models for the approximative pricing of financial derivatives. In particular, CIR processes are day after day employed to model instantaneous variances (squared volatilities) of foreign exchange rates and stock prices in Heston-type models and they are also intensively used to model short-rate interest rates. The prices of the financial derivatives in the above mentioned models are very often approximately computed by means of explicit or implicit Euler- or Milstein-type discretization methods based on equidistant evaluations of the driving noise processes. In this article we study the strong convergence speeds of all such discretization methods. More specifically, the main result of this article reveals that each such discretization method achieves at most a strong convergence order of $δ/2$, where $0
title: Mineralogy and Processing experiments of an unusual parasite bearing REE ore from northern Vietnam
Creators: name: Moeckel, Robert
name: Gutzmer, Jens
name: Burisch, Mathias
name: Hesse, Max
name: Cardenas-Vera, Alan
name: Heinig, Thomas
name: Van Phang, Quang
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The cabonatite-hosted Namxe rare earth element (REE) deposit in northern Vietnam has a total rare earth oxide (TREO) content of up to 2 wt% which is mainly hosted by parasite in the southern part of the deposit. Detailed mineralogical investigation of the rather complex mineralization revealed that parisite occurs in two geochemical varieties with slightly differing REE2O3/CaO ratios (5.8 ±0.2 vs. 6.8 ±0.35). Parisite occurs in dykes together with carbonates (ankerite, calcite) and barite and is often intergrown with fine-grained (sub 100µm size fraction) barite-celestine group minerals. The recognition of remnants of corroded bastnaesite suggest that REE enrichment is a result of a multi-stage process involving Sr- and CO3-rich fluids with mantle signature (δ13C values of -6.8 ‰ to -2.89 ‰) with no or little additional REE input.

We applied state-of-the-art techniques to propose a possible processing route of the ore, including experiments using sensor-sorting, selective comminution, magnetic separation (HIMS and WHIMS) and froth flotation. Sensor sorting turned out to be quite efficient as the basaltic host rock can be separated from the dyke material, resulting in a mass reduction of about 30% and a REE loss of less than 2%. Selective comminution experiments revealed similar results with the rejection of 27% of barren material and a slightly higher loss of REE (3.5%). Two step froth flotation of a model blend led to a concentrate with >40% TREO content.
TRILEX and $GW$+EDMFT approach to $d$-wave superconductivity in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Vucicevic, Jaksa
name: Ayral, Thomas
name: Parcollet, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the recently introduced TRILEX approach (TRiply Irreducible Local EXpansion) to superconducting phases. The method treats simultaneously Mott and spin-fluctuation physics using an Eliashberg theory supplemented by local vertex corrections determined by a self-consistent quantum impurity model. We show that, in the two-dimensional Hubbard model, at strong coupling, TRILEX yields a $d$-wave superconducting dome as a function of doping. Contrary to the standard cluster dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) approaches, TRILEX can capture $d$-wave pairing using only a single-site effective impurity model. We also systematically explore the dependence of the superconducting temperature on the bare dispersion at weak coupling, which shows a clear link between strong antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations and the onset of superconductivity. We identify a combination of hopping amplitudes particularly favorable to superconductivity at intermediate doping. Finally, we study within $GW$+EDMFT the low-temperature $d$-wave superconducting phase at strong coupling in a region of parameter space with reduced AF fluctuations.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures
A Blast Wave Model With Viscous Corrections
Creators: name: Yang, Zhidong
name: Fries, Rainer J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronic observables in the final stage of heavy ion collision can be described well by fluid dynamics or blast wave parameterizations. We improve existing blast wave models by adding shear viscous corrections to the particle distributions in the Navier-Stokes approximation. The specific shear viscosity $η/s$ of a hadron gas at the freeze-out temperature is a new parameter in this model. We extract the blast wave parameters with viscous corrections from experimental data which leads to constraints on the specific shear viscosity at kinetic freeze-out. Preliminary results show $η/s$ is rather small.
description: Proceedings for HQ 2016,4 pages,3 figures
The Open Book Collective: Equity, Diversity and Sustainability in Open Access Book Publishing
Creators: name: Fathallah, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: At its launch in 2018, cOAlition S announced that its members would, for a “transition period,” fund open access fees for journals covered by “transformative” agreements. That move helped to establish read-and-publish deals as the leading OA business model, despite criticism that the agreements prop up the author-pays APC system. The same author-pays business model has, despite this opposition, also gained traction to fund the publication of OA books (through BPCs). As cOAlition S recently communicated, the transition period is ending; beginning in 2025, funders adhering to Plan S will no longer support the agreements. What is more, a growing chorus of stakeholders, including the Ivy Plus librarians in the US and a coalition of UK-based researchers, are calling for an alternative, collective funding model for OA. At the same time, collective funding experiments as well as conditional open models (such as Subscribe to Open)—in which neither authors nor readers pay—are reporting promising results around the globe. This webinar features perspectives on the emerging landscape of collective and conditional open models from publishers and will be followed this year by a second webinar focusing on the perspective of funders. The webinar will be chaired by Raym Crow of SPARC and Chain Bridge Group. Panellists: Vivian Berghahn of Berghahn Books, Evgeniya Lupova-Henry of Quartz OA and Judith Fathallah of Lancaster University. With thanks also to Demmy Verbeke of Leuven University for organising this webinar.
description: Full panel at https://oaspa.org/webinar-funding-open-access-after-the-transformation/
Topological dynamics of gyroscopic and Floquet lattices from Newton's laws
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Li, Guangjie
name: Jin, Guliuxin
name: Liu, Yuhan
name: Zhang, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Despite intense interest in realizing topological phases across a variety of electronic, photonic and mechanical platforms, the detailed microscopic origin of topological behavior often remains elusive. To bridge this conceptual gap, we show how hallmarks of topological modes - boundary localization and chirality - emerge from Newton's laws in mechanical topological systems. We first construct a gyroscopic lattice with analytically solvable edge modes, and show how the Lorentz and spring restoring forces conspire to support very robust "dangling bond" boundary modes. The chirality and locality of these modes intuitively emerges from microscopic balancing of restoring forces and cyclotron tendencies. Next, we introduce the highlight of this work, a very experimentally realistic mechanical non-equilibrium (Floquet) Chern lattice driven by AC electromagnets. Through appropriate synchronization of the AC driving protocol, the Floquet lattice is "pushed around" by a rotating potential analogous to an object washed ashore by water waves. Besides hosting "dangling bond" chiral modes analogous to the gyroscopic boundary modes, our Floquet Chern lattice also supports peculiar half-period chiral modes with no static analog. With key parameters controlled electronically, our setup has the advantage of being dynamically tunable for applications involving arbitrary Floquet modulations. The physical intuition gleaned from our two prototypical topological systems are applicable not just to arbitrarily complicated mechanical systems, but also photonic and electrical topological setups.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
A population genetic interpretation of GWAS findings for human quantitative traits
Creators: name: Simons, Yuval B.
name: Bullaughey, Kevin
name: Hudson, Richard R.
name: Sella, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: GWAS in humans are revealing the genetic architecture of biomedical and anthropomorphic traits, i.e., the frequencies and effect sizes of variants that contribute to heritable variation in a trait. To interpret these findings, we need to understand how genetic architecture is shaped by basic population genetics processes-notably, by mutation, natural selection and genetic drift. Because many quantitative traits are subject to stabilizing selection and genetic variation that affects one trait often affects many others, we model the genetic architecture of a focal trait that arises under stabilizing selection in a multi-dimensional trait space. We solve the model for the phenotypic distribution and allelic dynamics at steady state and derive robust, closed form solutions for summary statistics of the genetic architecture. Our results provide a simple interpretation for missing heritability and why it varies among traits. They also predict that the distribution of variances contributed by loci identified in GWAS is well approximated by a simple functional form that depends on a single parameter: the expected contribution to genetic variance of a strongly selected site affecting the trait. We test this prediction against the results of GWAS for height and BMI and find that it fits the data well, allowing us to make inferences about the degree of pleiotropy and mutational target size for these traits. Our findings help to explain why the GWAS for height explains more of the heritable variance than similarly-sized GWAS for BMI, and to predict the increase in explained heritability with study sample size. Considering the demographic history of European populations, in which these GWAS were performed, we further find that most of the associations they identified likely involve mutations that arose during the out of Africa bottleneck at sites with selection coefficients around $s=10^{-3}$.
Spatial organization of connectivity in functional climate networks describing event synchrony of heavy precipitation
Creators: name: Wolf, Frederik
name: Donner, Reik
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Materials Science, general
subject: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics
subject: Physics, general
subject: Measurement Science and Instrumentation
subject: Classical and Continuum Physics
subject: 530 Physik

description: In the past years, there has been an increasing number of applications of functional climate networks to studying the spatio-temporal organization of heavy rainfall events or similar types of extreme behavior in some climate variable of interest. Nearly all existing studies have employed the concept of event synchronization (ES) to statistically measure similarity in the timing of events at different grid points. Recently, it has been pointed out that this measure can however lead to biases in the presence of events that are heavily clustered in time. Here, we present an analysis of the effects of event declustering on the resulting functional climate network properties describing spatio-temporal patterns of heavy rainfall events during the South American monsoon season based on ES and a conceptually similar method, event coincidence analysis (ECA). As examples for widely employed local (per-node) network characteristics of different type, we study the degree, local clustering coefficient and average link distance patterns, as well as their mutual interdependency, for three different values of the link density. Our results demonstrate that the link density can markedly affect the resulting spatial patterns. Specifically, we find the qualitative inversion of the degree pattern with rising link density in one of the studied settings. To our best knowledge, such crossover behavior has not been described before in event synchrony based networks. In addition, declustering relieves differences between ES and ECA based network properties in some measures while not in others. This underlines the need for a careful choice of the methodological settings in functional climate network studies of extreme events and associated interpretation of the obtained results, especially when higher-order network properties are considered.
Greybody factor for black holes in dRGT massive gravity
Creators: name: Boonserm, Petarpa
name: Ngampitipan, Tritos
name: Wongjun, Pitayuth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general relativity, greybody factor is a quantity related to the quantum nature of a black hole. A high value of greybody factor indicates a high probability that Hawking radiation can reach infinity. Although general relativity is correct and has been successful in describing many phenomena, there are some questions that general relativity cannot answer. Therefore, general relativity is often modified to attain answers. One of the modifications is the `massive gravity'. The viable model of the massive gravity theory belongs to de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT). In this paper, we calculate the gravitational potential for the de Sitter black hole and for the dRGT black hole. We also derive the rigorous bound on the greybody factor for the de Sitter black hole and the dRGT black hole. It is found that the structure of potentials determines how much the rigorous bound on the greybody factor should be. That is, the higher the potential, the lesser the bound on the greybody factor will be. Moreover, we compare the greybody factor derived from the rigorous bound with the greybody factor derived from the matching technique. The result shows that the rigorous bound is a true lower bound because it is less than the greybody factor obtained from the matching technique.
description: V1: 21 pages, 8 figures; V2: 7 references added, no physics changes, now 11 pages (2 columns)
Analysis of the implicit upwind finite volume scheme with rough coefficients
Creators: name: Schlichting, André
name: Seis, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M08, 65M12, 65M15

description: We study the implicit upwind finite volume scheme for numerically approximating the linear continuity equation in the low regularity DiPerna-Lions setting. That is, we are concerned with advecting velocity fields that are spatially Sobolev regular and data that are merely integrable. We prove that on unstructured regular meshes the rate of convergence of approximate solutions generated by the upwind scheme towards the unique distributional solution of the continuous model is at least 1/2. The numerical error is estimated in terms of logarithmic Kantorovich-Rubinstein distances and provides thus a bound on the rate of weak convergence.
description: 27 pages. To appear in Numerische Mathematik
title: Depletion of Titanium in the mantle of the Earth
Creators: name: Palme, Herbert
name: O'Neill, Hugh
name: Siebert, Julien
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Many authors have used the chemical composition of peridotitic rocks from a variety of geological settings to estimate the composition of the upper mantle of the Earth, (PUM-primitive upper mantle). This composition should represent the bulk Earth mantle after core formation and before the onset of mantle melting. The basis for this estimate are linear negative correlations of refractory element such as Al and Ca with MgO and positive correlations with Ni and Co in peridotitic rocks (see [1] and references therein). One implication is that refractory lithophile elements occur in chondritic ratios in PUM. A close inspection of recent data on mantle rocks (e.g., [2]) showed, however, that Al/Ti ratios in these rocks are generally above 20, compared to the chondritic ratio of about 18. This signature is present in many suites of mantle rocks, even considering the often poor quality of Ti analyses in chondrites and mantle rocks. It appears that Ti is depleted in PUM by 10 to 15%.

The depletion of Ti in the mantle of the Earth may either reflect very reducing conditions during early Earth accretion or strong metal-silicate partitioning of Ti under extreme conditions of temperature and/or pressure. Recently metal-silicate partition coefficients at high pressures and temperatures were experimentally determined. Preliminary results indicate that some Ti may indeed partition into metal during core formation.

Lit.: [1] Palme H. and O’Neill H.St.C. in Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd ed., vol.3, 1-39. [2] Carlson R.W. and Ionov D.A. (2019) GCA 257, 206-223.
Free Energy on a Cycle Graph and Trigonometric Deformation of Heat Kernel Traces on Odd Spheres
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a possible `deformation' of the trace of the heat kernel on odd dimensional spheres, motivated by the calculation of the free energy of a scalar field on a discretized circle. By using an expansion in terms of the modified Bessel functions, we obtain the values of the free energies after a suitable regularization.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures. typos fixed, references added
Arbitrary Control of Entanglement between two nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupling to superconducting circuit qubit
Creators: name: Su, Wanjun
name: Yang, Zhenbiao
name: Zhong, Zhirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective scheme for realizing a Jaynes-Cummings (J-C) model with the collective nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVE) bosonic modes in a hybrid system. Specifically, the controllable transmon qubit can alternatively interact with one of the two NVEs, which results in the production of $N$ particle entangled states. Arbitrary $N$ particle entangled states, NOON states, N-dimensional entangled states and entangled coherent states are demonstrated. Realistic imperfections and decoherence effects are analyzed via numerical simulation. Since no cavity photons or excited levels of the NV center are populated during the whole process, our scheme is insensitive to cavity decay and spontaneous emission of the NVE. The idea provides a scalable way to realize NVEs-circuit cavity quantum information processing with current technology.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures