cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast modulation and dithering for the NFIRAOS Pyramid Wavefront Sensor
Creators: name: Chapin, Edward L.
name: Andersen, David
name: Brown, Owen
name: Crane, Jeffrey
name: Densmore, Adam
name: Dunn, Jennifer
name: Hardy, Tim
name: Herriot, Glen
name: Kerley, Dan
name: Lardiere, Olivier
name: Veran, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Narrow Field InfraRed Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS) for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) will use a natural guide star (NGS) Pyramid Wavefront Sensor (PWFS). A 32-mm diameter Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) is used to modulate the position of the NGS image around the tip of the pyramid. The mirror traces out a circular tip/tilt pattern at up to 800 Hz (the maximum operating frequency of NFIRAOS), with a diameter chosen to balance sensitivity and dynamic range. A circular dither pattern at 1/4 the modulation frequency is superimposed to facilitate optical gain measurements. The timing of this motion is synchronized precisely with individual exposures on the PWFS detector, and must also be phased with other wavefront sensors, such as Laser Guide Star Wavefront Sensors (LGSWFS) and the On-Instrument Wavefront Sensors (OIWFS) of NFIRAOS client instruments (depending on the observing mode), to minimize latency. During trade studies it was decided to pursue a piezo actuator from Physik Instrumente (PI) using a monocrystalline piezo material, as more conventional polycrystalline devices would not meet the lifetime, stroke, and frequency requirements. Furthermore, PI claims excellent stability and hysteresis with similar piezo stages, rendering sensor feedback unnecessary. To characterize the performance of this mechanism, and to verify that it can function acceptably in open-loop, we have operated the stage on a test bench using a laser and high-speed position sensing devices (PSDs) both at room temperature and at the cold -30 C operating temperature of NFIRAOS. We have also prototyped the software and hardware triggering strategy that will be used to synchronize the FSM with the rest of NFIRAOS.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, SPIE (2020) 11451-96
Sufficientness postulates for measure-valued Pólya urn sequences
Creators: name: Sariev, Hristo
name: Savov, Mladen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G09, 60G25, 62G99, 62B99

description: In a recent paper, the authors studied the distribution properties of a class of exchangeable processes, called measure-valued Pólya sequences (MVPS), which arise as the observation process in a generalized urn sampling scheme. Here we present several results in the form of "sufficientness" postulates that characterize their predictive distributions. In particular, we show that exchangeable MVPSs are the unique exchangeable models whose predictive distributions are a mixture of the marginal distribution and the average of a probability kernel evaluated at past observation. When the latter coincides with the empirical measure, we recover a well-known result for the exchangeable model with a Dirichlet process prior. In addition, we provide a "pure" sufficientness postulate for exchangeable MVPSs that does not assume a particular analytic form for the predictive distributions. Two other sufficientness postulates consider the case when the state space is finite.
Tree-like graphings, wallings, and median graphings of equivalence relations
Creators: name: Chen, Ruiyuan
name: Poulin, Antoine
name: Tao, Ran
name: Tserunyan, Anush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E15, 20F65, 20E08, 37A20

description: We prove several results showing that every locally finite Borel graph whose large-scale geometry is "tree-like" induces a treeable equivalence relation. In particular, our hypotheses hold if each component of the original graph either has bounded tree-width or is quasi-isometric to a tree, answering a question of Tucker-Drob. In the latter case, we moreover show that there exists a Borel quasi-isometry to a Borel forest, under the additional assumption of (componentwise) bounded degree. We also extend these results on quasi-treeings to Borel proper metric spaces. In fact, our most general result shows treeability of countable Borel equivalence relations equipped with an abstract wallspace structure on each class obeying some local finiteness conditions, which we call a proper walling. The proof is based on the Stone duality between proper wallings and median graphs, i.e., CAT(0) cube complexes. Finally, we strengthen the conclusion of treeability in these results to hyperfiniteness in the case where the original graph has one (selected) end per component, generalizing the same result for trees due to Dougherty--Jackson--Kechris.
description: 43 pages; revisions from refereeing
Pulmonary tuberculosis with special emphasis of it among college students
Creators: name: Carlson, Ruth
Publisher: name: University of Oregon
Year: 1932
Subjects: Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Students

description: This paper presents a history of pulmonary tuberculosis with special emphasis of it among college students. Additionally, the author discusses the nature and types of tuberculosis, as well as the causes and prevention of the illness.
CoVR-2: Automatic Data Construction for Composed Video Retrieval
Creators: name: Ventura, Lucas
name: Yang, Antoine
name: Schmid, Cordelia
name: Varol, Gül
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Composed Image Retrieval (CoIR) has recently gained popularity as a task that considers both text and image queries together, to search for relevant images in a database. Most CoIR approaches require manually annotated datasets, comprising image-text-image triplets, where the text describes a modification from the query image to the target image. However, manual curation of CoIR triplets is expensive and prevents scalability. In this work, we instead propose a scalable automatic dataset creation methodology that generates triplets given video-caption pairs, while also expanding the scope of the task to include composed video retrieval (CoVR). To this end, we mine paired videos with a similar caption from a large database, and leverage a large language model to generate the corresponding modification text. Applying this methodology to the extensive WebVid2M collection, we automatically construct our WebVid-CoVR dataset, resulting in 1.6 million triplets. Moreover, we introduce a new benchmark for CoVR with a manually annotated evaluation set, along with baseline results. We further validate that our methodology is equally applicable to image-caption pairs, by generating 3.3 million CoIR training triplets using the Conceptual Captions dataset. Our model builds on BLIP-2 pretraining, adapting it to composed video (or image) retrieval, and incorporates an additional caption retrieval loss to exploit extra supervision beyond the triplet. We provide extensive ablations to analyze the design choices on our new CoVR benchmark. Our experiments also demonstrate that training a CoVR model on our datasets effectively transfers to CoIR, leading to improved state-of-the-art performance in the zero-shot setup on the CIRR, FashionIQ, and CIRCO benchmarks. Our code, datasets, and models are publicly available at https://imagine.enpc.fr/~ventural/covr/.
description: Appears in TPAMI 2024 (DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3463799). Journal extension of the AAAI 2024 conference paper arXiv:2308.14746v3. Project page: https://imagine.enpc.fr/~ventural/covr/
Hybrid Gaussian Process Modeling Applied to Economic Stochastic Model Predictive Control of Batch Processes
Creators: name: Bradford, E.
name: Imsland, L.
name: Reble, M.
name: del Rio-Chanona, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is an efficient approach for the control of nonlinear multivariable dynamic systems with constraints, which however requires an accurate plant model. Plant models can often be determined from first principles, parts of the model are however difficult to derive using physical laws alone. In this paper a hybrid Gaussian process (GP) first principles modeling scheme is proposed to overcome this issue, which exploits GPs to model the parts of the dynamic system that are difficult to describe using first principles. GPs not only give accurate predictions, but also quantify the residual uncertainty of this model. It is vital to account for this uncertainty in the control algorithm, to prevent constraint violations and performance deterioration. Monte Carlo samples of the GPs are generated offline to tighten constraints of the NMPC to ensure joint probabilistic constraint satisfaction online. Advantages of our method include fast online evaluation times, possibility to account for online learning alleviating conservativeness, and exploiting the flexibility of GPs and the data efficiency of first principle models. The algorithm is verified on a case study involving a challenging semi-batch bioreactor.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Lagrangian mapping class groups from a group homological point of view
Creators: name: Sakasai, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R40 (Primary) 32G15 (Secondary) 57R20

description: We focus on two kinds of infinite index subgroups of the mapping class group of a surface associated with a Lagrangian submodule of the first homology of a surface. These subgroups, called Lagrangian mapping class groups, are known to play important roles in the interaction between the mapping class group and finite-type invariants of 3-manifolds. In this paper, we discuss these groups from a group (co)homological point of view. The results include the determination of their abelianizations, lower bounds of the second homology and remarks on the (co)homology of higher degrees. As a by-product of this investigation, we determine the second homology of the mapping class group of a surface of genus 3.
description: 20 pages. The proof of Lemma 4.2 is corrected. To appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology
Child welfare
Creators: name: Carlsen, Ruby
Publisher: name: University of Oregon
Year: 1932
Subjects: Child Welfare

description: It is not the object of this paper to take the place of a doctor's book or any reference book, however, every fact which has a strong meaning is authentic. This paper is written from an interesting viewpoint of child welfare. It is historical in that it traces some interesting developments of child welfare from its early stages and up to the work at present. It gives the contributions of several prominent people who have devoted much of their life in helping to better the conditions of the millions of children in our country.
A Task-Parallel Approach for Localized Topological Data Structures
Creators: name: Liu, Guoxi
name: Iuricich, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unstructured meshes are characterized by data points irregularly distributed in the Euclidian space. Due to the irregular nature of these data, computing connectivity information between the mesh elements requires much more time and memory than on uniformly distributed data. To lower storage costs, dynamic data structures have been proposed. These data structures compute connectivity information on the fly and discard them when no longer needed. However, on-the-fly computation slows down algorithms and results in a negative impact on the time performance. To address this issue, we propose a new task-parallel approach to proactively compute mesh connectivity. Unlike previous approaches implementing data-parallel models, where all threads run the same type of instructions, our task-parallel approach allows threads to run different functions. Specifically, some threads run the algorithm of choice while other threads compute connectivity information before they are actually needed. The approach was implemented in the new Accelerated Clustered TOPOlogical (ACTOPO) data structure, which can support any processing algorithm requiring mesh connectivity information. Our experiments show that ACTOPO combines the benefits of state-of-the-art memory-efficient (TTK CompactTriangulation) and time-efficient (TTK ExplicitTriangulation) topological data structures. It occupies a similar amount of memory as TTK CompactTriangulation while providing up to 5x speedup. Moreover, it achieves comparable time performance as TTK ExplicitTriangulation while using only half of the memory space.
description: 11pages, 13 figures, accepted at 2023 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS)
High thermoelectric and optical conductivity driven by the interaction of Boron and Nitrogen dopant atoms with a 2D monolayer Beryllium Oxide
Creators: name: Abdullah, Nzar Rauf
name: Abdullah, Botan Jawdat
name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic, thermal and optical properties of a monolayer BeO with Boron (B) and Nitrogen (N) co-dopant atoms are studied by means of a density functional theory computation. Our calculations reveal that BeO with BN-codopant atoms can give rise to more effective and outstanding performance for the thermal and optical responses. More significantly, the monolayer BeO with BN codopant atoms becomes a semiconductor with a direct band gap in comparison with the insulator behavior of pristine BeO. The particular attention of this work is paid to the influence of the atomic configuration and the interaction of the B and N dopant atoms with BeO. The interaction of the B and N atoms with the BeO monolayer diminishes degenerate energy states forming flat bands. It is also found that there is a strong attractive interaction between the O and N atoms forming a strong sigma bond breaking the symmetry of BeO structure. Consequently, the band gap is reduced leading to a semiconductor behavior with improved thermoelectric properties such as the Seebeck coefficient and the figure of merit. The reduced band gap and the flat bands induce a high optical responses such as the refractive index, the reflectivity and the optical conductivity in the visible light region. In addition, the anisotropy of a monolayer BeO with B and N atoms regarding different direction of electromagnetic polarization is presented. We anticipate that our results can be useful for design of both thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Arc spaces and equivariant cohomology
Creators: name: Anderson, Dave
name: Stapledon, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N91, 14E99, 14L30

description: We present a new geometric interpretation of equivariant cohomology in which one replaces a smooth, complex $G$-variety $X$ by its associated arc space $J_{\infty} X$, with its induced $G$-action. This not only allows us to obtain geometric classes in equivariant cohomology of arbitrarily high degree, but also provides more flexibility for equivariantly deforming classes and geometrically interpreting multiplication in the equivariant cohomology ring. Under appropriate hypotheses, we obtain explicit bijections between $\mathbb{Z}$-bases for the equivariant cohomology rings of smooth varieties related by an equivariant, proper birational map. We also show that self-intersection classes can be represented as classes of contact loci, under certain restrictions on singularities of subvarieties. We give several applications. Motivated by the relation between self-intersection and contact loci, we define higher-order equivariant multiplicities, generalizing the equivariant multiplicities of Brion and Rossmann; these are shown to be local singularity invariants, and computed in some cases. We also present geometric $\mathbb{Z}$-bases for the equivariant cohomology rings of a smooth toric variety (with respect to the dense torus) and a partial flag variety (with respect to the general linear group).
description: 35 pages; v2 contains new material introducing generalized equivariant multiplicities
Minimal modal logics, constructive modal logics and their relations
Creators: name: Dalmonte, Tiziano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a family of minimal modal logics (namely, modal logics based on minimal propositional logic) corresponding each to a different classical modal logic. The minimal modal logics are defined based on their classical counterparts in two distinct ways: (1) via embedding into fusions of classical modal logics through a natural extension of the Gödel-Johansson translation of minimal logic into modal logic S4; (2) via extension to modal logics of the multi- vs. single-succedent correspondence of sequent calculi for classical and minimal logic. We show that, despite being mutually independent, the two methods turn out to be equivalent for a wide class of modal systems. Moreover, we compare the resulting minimal version of K with the constructive modal logic CK studied in the literature, displaying tight relations among the two systems. Based on these relations, we also define a constructive correspondent for each minimal system, thus obtaining a family of constructive modal logics which includes CK as well as other constructive modal logics studied in the literature.
Additional file 1 of Role of actin cytoskeleton in cargo delivery mediated by vertically aligned silicon nanotubes
Creators: name: Chen, Yaping
name: Yoh, Hao Zhe
name: Shokouhi, Ali-Reza
name: Murayama, Takahide
name: Suu, Koukou
name: Morikawa, Yasuhiro
name: Voelcker, Nicolas H.
name: Elnathan, Roey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Loading Cy5-mRNA-GFP onto SiNT arrays. Representative confocal microscopy images showing top views, (a) zoom-out and (b) zoom-in, and (c) 3D view of SiNTs loaded with Cy5-mRNA-GFP (magenta). Figure S2. Titration of optimal condition for actin inhibitor treatment. (a–c) Confocal images of (a) untreated cells, and cells treated with (b) Cyto D and (c) Jas at different concentrations from 0.0625 to 4.0 µM. Cells were stained with Hoechst (blue), phalloidin (red), and vinculin (green) for the nucleus, F-actin, and cytoskeletal elements, respectively. Red squares indicate the threshold concentration required to induce sufficient actin inhibition for Cyto D and Jas. Scale bars, 10 µm. (d) Fluorescence images showing live/dead staining by Hoechst (blue), FDA (green, live cells), and PI (red, dead cells) of untreated cells and cells treated with Cyto D (2.0 µM) or Jas (0.25 µM). (e): Quantification of cell viability of the untreated and Cyto D/Jas-treated cells as in d. Scale bars, 100 µm. n =3. Figure S3. Effects of actin inhibition on cell–SiNT interface. FIB-SEM images of (a) untreated, and (b,d) Cyto D_treated and (c,e) Jas_treated GPE86 cells under pre- or post-interface treatment; (ii) are enlarged views of insets from (i). Red arrows indicate broken SiNTs. Scale bars, (i) 5 µm and (ii) 1 µm. Figure S4. Effects of actin inhibition on SiNT-mediated mRNA delivery. Confocal images of (a) untreated GPE86 cells, and cells with pre- or post-interface treatment of (b) Cyto D or (c) Jas on Cy5 (magenta)-mRNA-GFP (green) loaded SiNTs after 6 h interfacing. Cells were stained with Hoechst (blue) and phalloidin (red) to indicate the nucleus and F-actin, respectively. Scale bars, 20 µm.
Koszul homomorphisms and universal resolutions in local algebra
Creators: name: Briggs, Benjamin
name: Cameron, James C.
name: Letz, Janina C.
name: Pollitz, Josh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02 (primary), 16S37, 16E45, 13H10, 13F55

description: We define a local homomorphism $(Q,k)\to (R,\ell)$ to be Koszul if its derived fiber $R \otimes^{\mathsf{L}}_Q k$ is formal, and if $\operatorname{Tor}^Q(R,k)$ is Koszul in the classical sense. This recovers the classical definition when $Q$ is a field, and more generally includes all flat deformations of Koszul algebras. The non-flat case is significantly more interesting, and there is no need for examples to be quadratic: all complete intersection and all Golod quotients are Koszul homomorphisms. We show that the class of Koszul homomorphisms enjoys excellent homological properties, and we give many more examples, especially various monomial and Gorenstein examples. We then study Koszul homomorphisms from the perspective of $\mathrm{A}_\infty$-structures on resolutions. We use this machinery to construct universal free resolutions of $R$-modules by generalizing a classical construction of Priddy. The resulting (infinite) free resolution of an $R$-module $M$ is often minimal, and can be described by a finite amount of data whenever $M$ and $R$ have finite projective dimension over $Q$. Our construction simultaneously recovers the resolutions of Shamash and Eisenbud over a complete intersection ring, and the bar resolutions of Iyengar and Burke over a Golod ring, and produces analogous resolutions for various other classes of local rings.
description: 49 pages; comments are welcome; v2: clarifications and small corrections; to appear in Forum Math. Sigma
Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters. II. NGC 7469
Creators: name: Zamora, S.
name: Díaz, Ángeles I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circumnuclear star forming regions (CNSFR) are massive clusters found close to galactic nuclei. These entities give us an excellent opportunity to study star formation in environments with high metallicity and to relate it with active galactic nuclei. Our principal aim is to derive the physical properties and dynamical masses of the CNSFRs in the two rings of the spiral NGC 7469, categorized as a Luminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG) and hosting a Seyfert 1 nucleus. We have used archival data obtained with the MUSE spectrograph attached to one of the ESO VLT telescopes and we have applied the techniques shown in the first paper of the series. Regions in the studied galaxy show large sizes which can be explained by the stellar winds produced by WR stars. The inner ring regions seem to be more compact than the outer ones, showing higher electron densities and filling factors. The young stellar population of the clusters has contributions of ionising populations with ages around 5 Ma and its masses constitute less than a 1\% of the total mass of each cluster. The inner ring regions which are close to the active galactic nucleus probably are the only ones that have enough mass to survive the action of the AGN. They constitute the $\sim$ 90 \% of the total inner ring mass.
description: 22 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Distribution and abundance of arboreal lichens and their use as forage by blacktailed deer
Creators: name: Stevenson, Susan K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Biomass of arboreal lichens used as winter food by blacktailed deer was studied. Three methods were used to assess abundance of Alectoria sarraentosa and Bryoria spp. Lichen biomass was measured by sampling the lichens from felled trees. A system of visual estimates of lichen abundance was developed and related to biomass estimates obtained by sampling. A predictive equation {Y = 158.03 {A x CL), where Y is lichen biomass, A is an estimate of lichen cover on a portion of the tree crown, and CL is crown length; n = 40; Sy,x = 376,89; r2 = 0,75) was used to extrapolate lichen biomass values from sampled trees to unsampled trees. The value of large-scale colour infrared air photography as a tool for inventorying lichen abundance was assessed, using densitometry and photo interpretation. Some positive relationships with lichen abundance were found using each method, but neither densitometry nor photo interpretation was demonstrated to have strong potential for use in inventorying abundance of arboreal lichens. Biomass of Alectoria (sensu lato) on the 14 plots studied ranged from 21 to 1528 kg/ha. Physical and vegetative characteristics of the plots were measured and related to lichen abundance. Taken together, slope, aspect, and elevation accounted for 82 percent of the variation in lichen abundance. Forest productivity was negatively related to lichen abundance, lithin the range of sites studied, Alectoria (s.1.) was most abundant on moderate to steep south-facing slopes, at elevations above 500 m, where tree growth was poor. To assess availability of lichens and their utilization by deer, litterfall was measured inside and outside exclosures on three sites where levels of deer use in winter were known. The relationships between litter deposition rates and weather were examined. Quantities of Alectoria (s.1.) litter were 69.9 kg/ha/180 days in a severe winter range area, 151.2 kg/ha/180 days in a mild winter range area, and 31.9 kg/ha/180 days in a poor winter range area. On all three sites, significantly more (p ≤ 0.05) Alectoria litter was present inside than outside exclosures; guantities of non-lichen litter did not differ significantly. Utilization of Alectoria was 37, 53, and 52 percent of available guantities on the three sites, respectively. The relationship between lichen abundance and selection of winter habitat by blacktailed deer was assessed, based on pellet group counts, track counts, and the data of other investigators. Areas selected by deer as winter range tended to be moderate or high in lichen abundance.
Fairness and Data Protection Impact Assessments
Creators: name: Kasirzadeh, Atoosa
name: Clifford, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we critically examine the effectiveness of the requirement to conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) in Article 35 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in light of fairness metrics. Through this analysis, we explore the role of the fairness principle as introduced in Article 5(1)(a) and its multifaceted interpretation in the obligation to conduct a DPIA. Our paper argues that although there is a significant theoretical role for the considerations of fairness in the DPIA process, an analysis of the various guidance documents issued by data protection authorities on the obligation to conduct a DPIA reveals that they rarely mention the fairness principle in practice.
Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog
Creators: name: Lafrenière, David
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: van Kerkwijk, Marten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Gemini near-infrared adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy of a planetary mass candidate companion to 1RXS J160929.1-210524, a roughly solar-mass member of the 5 Myr-old Upper Scorpius association. The object, separated by 2.22" or 330 AU at ~150 pc, has infrared colors and spectra suggesting a temperature of 1800(-100/+200) K, and spectral type of L4(-2/+1). The H- and K-band spectra provide clear evidence of low surface gravity, and thus youth. Based on the widely used DUSTY models, we infer a mass of 8(-2/+4)Mjupiter. If gravitationally bound, this would be the lowest mass companion imaged around a normal star thus far, and its existence at such a large separation would pose a serious challenge to theories of star and planet formation.
description: Revised accepted version, ApJL, in press
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Creators: name: Busche, Mary L.
Publisher: name: University of Oregon
Year: 1938
Subjects: subject: Tuberculosis
subject: History of Nursing
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

description: Tuberculosis, the most widely disseminated and chronic of all diseases, was well known to the ancients and, although no special mention was made in the writings of the Egyptians, Babylonians, Chinese, Jews, all primitive races were undoubtedly acquainted with the disease. This paper discusses the history of Tuberculosis and the place of the nurse in the care of this illness.
High Performance Bio-based Functional Coatings for Wood and Decorative Applications (PERFECOAT)
Creators: name: Skopp
name: Liu
name: Sieber
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bio-based
coatings
paint

description: The pursuit of a climate-neutral Europe and a truly circular economy requires attention to virtually all fields of production if fossil-based materials are to be eliminated. This relates not only to manufactured goods but also the paints and coatings used to protect them; of the almost 1 million tonnes of paints and coatings produced in Europe each year, more than 80% are derived from fossil resources. Reducing the impact of these coatings would represent a major advance in Europe’s climate ambitions. To address this challenge, the PERFECOAT project will develop and validate a new generation of industrial wood and decorative coatings with significantly more than 25% bio-based components. The project will address three important markets for coatings: high-volume, UVcurable clear coatings, waterborne trim paints for do-it-yourself (DIY), and waterborne wall paints. These coatings will reach, and even surpass, the current quality and sustainability standards.
description: Poster presentation at the Key Technologies in the Bioeconomy Conference, 27–29th September 2022 in Straubing, Germany.
Characterization of the tree cycles with minimum positive entropy for any period
Creators: name: Juher, David
name: Mañosas, Francesc
name: Rojas, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E15, 37E25

description: Consider, for any integer $n\ge3$, the set $\text{Pos}_n$ of all $n$-periodic tree patterns with positive topological entropy and the set $\text{Irr}_n\subset\text{Pos}_n$ of all $n$-periodic irreducible tree patterns. The aim of this paper is to determine the elements of minimum entropy in the families $\text{Pos}_n$, $\text{Irr}_n$ and $\text{Pos}_n\setminus\text{Irr}_n$. Let $λ_n$ be the unique real root of the polynomial $x^n-2x-1$ in $(1,+\infty)$. We explicitly construct an irreducible $n$-periodic tree pattern $\mathcal{Q}_n$ whose entropy is $\log(λ_n)$. We prove that this entropy is minimum in $\text{Pos}_n$. Since the pattern $\mathcal{Q}_n$ is irreducible, $\mathcal{Q}_n$ also minimizes the entropy in the family $\text{Irr}_n$. We also prove that the minimum positive entropy in the set $\text{Pos}_n\setminus\text{Irr}_n$ (which is nonempty only for composite integers $n\ge6$) is $\log(λ_{n/p})/p$, where $p$ is the least prime factor of $n$.
description: 39 pages, 21 figures
Femtosecond laser micromachining for integrated quantum photonics
Creators: name: Corrielli, Giacomo
name: Crespi, Andrea
name: Osellame, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated quantum photonics, i.e. the generation, manipulation and detection of quantum states of light in integrated photonic chips, is revolutionizing the field of quantum information in all applications, from communications to computing. Although many different platforms are being currently developed, from silicon photonics to lithium niobate photonic circuits, none of them has shown the versatility of femtosecond laser micromachining (FLM) in producing all the components of a complete quantum system, encompassing quantum sources, reconfigurable state manipulation, quantum memories and detection. It is in fact evident that FLM has been a key enabling tool in the first-time demonstration of many quantum devices and functionalities. Although FLM cannot achieve the same level of miniaturization of other platforms, it still has many unique advantages for integrated quantum photonics. In particular, in the last five years, FLM has greatly expanded its range of quantum applications with several scientific breakthroughs achieved. For these reasons, we believe that a review article on this topic is very timely and could further promote the development of this field by convincing end-users of the great potentials of this technological platform and by stimulating more research groups in FLM to direct their efforts to the exciting field of quantum technologies.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Nanophotonics, De Gruyter
State Relevance for Off-Policy Evaluation
Creators: name: Shen, Simon P.
name: Ma, Yecheng Jason
name: Gottesman, Omer
name: Doshi-Velez, Finale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Importance sampling-based estimators for off-policy evaluation (OPE) are valued for their simplicity, unbiasedness, and reliance on relatively few assumptions. However, the variance of these estimators is often high, especially when trajectories are of different lengths. In this work, we introduce Omitting-States-Irrelevant-to-Return Importance Sampling (OSIRIS), an estimator which reduces variance by strategically omitting likelihood ratios associated with certain states. We formalize the conditions under which OSIRIS is unbiased and has lower variance than ordinary importance sampling, and we demonstrate these properties empirically.
description: ICML 2021
Coherent Self-Interactions of Dark Matter in the Bullet Cluster
Creators: name: Bogorad, Zachary
name: Graham, Peter W.
name: Ramani, Harikrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many models of dark matter include self-interactions beyond gravity. A variety of astrophysical observations have previously been used to place limits on the strength of such self-interactions. However, previous works have generally focused either on short-range interactions resulting in individual dark matter particles scattering from one another, or on effectively infinite-range interactions which sum over entire dark matter halos. In this work, we focus on the intermediate regime: forces with range much larger than dark matter particles' inter-particle spacing, but still shorter than the length scales of known halos. We show that gradients in the dark matter density of such halos would still lead to observable effects. We focus primarily on effects in the Bullet Cluster, where finite-range forces would lead either to a modification of the collision velocity of the cluster or to a separation of the dark matter and the galaxies of each cluster after the collision. We also consider constraints from the binding of ultrafaint dwarf galaxy halos, and from gravitational lensing of the Abell 370 cluster. Taken together, these observations allow us to set the strongest constraints on dark matter self-interactions over many orders of magnitude in range below $\sim10$ kpc, surpassing existing limits by orders of magnitude throughout.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Intravenous versus oral iron for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant Nigerian women (IVON): study protocol for a randomised hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial
Creators: name: Afolabi, Bosede B.
name: Babah, Ochuwa A.
name: Akinajo, Opeyemi R.
name: Adaramoye, Victoria O.
name: Adeyemo, Titilope A.
name: Balogun, Mobolanle
name: Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi
name: Quao, Rachel A.
name: Olorunfemi, Gbenga
name: Abioye, Ajibola I.
name: Galadanci, Hadiza S.
name: Sam-Agudu, Nadia A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
New examples and partial classification of 15-vertex triangulations of the quaternionic projective plane
Creators: name: Gaifullin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 57Q15, 57Q70, 05E45, 55M35

description: Brehm and Kühnel (1992) constructed three 15-vertex combinatorial 8-manifolds `like the quaternionic projective plane' with symmetry groups $\mathrm{A}_5$, $\mathrm{A}_4$, and $\mathrm{S}_3$, respectively. Gorodkov (2016) proved that these three manifolds are in fact PL homeomorphic to $\mathbb{HP}^2$. Note that 15 is the minimal number of vertices of a combinatorial 8-manifold that is not PL homeomorphic to $S^8$. In the present paper we construct a lot of new 15-vertex triangulations of $\mathbb{HP}^2$. A surprising fact is that such examples are found for very different symmetry groups, including those not in any way related to the group $\mathrm{A}_5$. Namely, we find 19 triangulations with symmetry group $\mathrm{C}_7$, one triangulation with symmetry group $\mathrm{C}_6\times\mathrm{C}_2$, 14 triangulations with symmetry group $\mathrm{C}_6$, 26 triangulations with symmetry group $\mathrm{C}_5$, one new triangulation with symmetry group $\mathrm{A}_4$, and 11 new triangulations with symmetry group $\mathrm{S}_3$. Further, we obtain the following classification result. We prove that, up to isomorphism, there are exactly 75 triangulations of $\mathbb{HP}^2$ with 15 vertices and symmetry group of order at least 4: the three Brehm-Kühnel triangulations and the 72 new triangulations listed above. On the other hand, we show that there are plenty of triangulations with symmetry groups $\mathrm{C}_3$ and $\mathrm{C}_2$, as well as the trivial symmetry group.
description: 41 pages, minor changes
Effective medium theory for disordered two-dimensional graphene
Creators: name: Rossi, Enrico
name: Adam, S.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an Effective Medium Theory to study the electrical transport properties of disordered graphene. The theory includes non-linear screening and exchange-correlation effects allowing us to consider experimentally relevant strengths of the Coulomb interaction. Assuming random Coulomb impurities, we calculate the electrical conductivity as a function of gate voltage describing quantitatively the full cross-over from the fluctuations dominated regime around the Dirac point to the large doping regime at high gate voltages. We find that the conductivity at the Dirac point is strongly affected by exchange correlation effects.
description: Final version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Long-term spin-down and low luminosity regime in the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1
Creators: name: Chandra, Amar Deo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out timing and spectral studies of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1 using NuStar and XMM-Newton observations. We construct the long-term spin period evolution of the pulsar which changes from a long-term spin-up ($\sim 1.3 \times 10^{-13} $Hz s$^{-1}$) to a long-term spin-down ($\sim -3.4 \times 10^{-14} $Hz s$^{-1}$) trend during a low luminosity state ($\sim 10^{34-35} $erg s$^{-1}$). A prolonged low luminosity regime ($L_X \sim 10^{34-35} $erg s$^{-1}$) was detected during 2005-2010 and spanning nearly five years since 2018 December. The XMM-Newton and NuStar spectra can be described with a power law plus blackbody model having an estimated luminosity of $\sim 2.5 \times 10^{33} $erg s$^{-1}$ and $\sim 3.6 \times 10^{33} $erg s$^{-1}$ respectively. The inferred radius of the blackbody emission is about 100-110 m which suggests a polar-cap origin of this component. From long-term ultraviolet observations of the companion star, an increase in the ultraviolet signatures is detected preceding the X-ray outbursts. The spectral energy distribution of the companion star is constructed which provides a clue of possible UV excess when X-ray outbursts were detected from the neutron star compared to the quiescent phase. We explore plausible mechanisms to explain the long-term spin-down and extended low luminosity manifestation in this pulsar. We find that sustained accretion from a cold disc may explain the prolonged low luminosity state of the pulsar since December 2018 but the pulsar was undergoing normal accretion during the low luminosity period spanning 2005-2010.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA)
Non-perturbative quantum Yang--Mills at finite temperature beyond lattice: a Dyson--Schwinger approach
Creators: name: Frasca, Marco
name: Ghoshal, Anish
name: Groote, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Dyson--Schwinger approach, we perform an analysis of the non-trivial ground state of thermal $SU(N)$ Yang--Mills theory in the non-perturbative regime where chiral symmetry is dynamically broken by a mass gap. Basic thermodynamic observables such as energy density and pressure are derived analytically, using Jacobi elliptic functions. The results are compared with lattice results. Good agreement is found at low temperatures, providing a viable scenario of a gas of massive glue states populating higher levels of the spectrum of the theory. At high temperatures a scenario without glue states consistent with a massive scalar field is observed, showing an interesting agreement with lattice data. The possibility is discussed that the results derived in this analysis open up a novel pathway beyond lattice to precision studies of phase transitions with false vacuum and cosmological relics that depend on the equations of state in strong coupled gauge theories of the type of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Proton distribution visualization in perovskite nickelate devices utilizing nanofocused X-rays
Creators: name: Zaluzhnyy, Ivan A.
name: Sprau, Peter O.
name: Tran, Richard
name: Wang, Qi
name: Zhang, Hai-Tian
name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Park, Tae Joon
name: Hua, Nelson
name: Stoychev, Boyan
name: Cherukara, Mathew J.
name: Holt, Martin V.
name: Nazarertski, Evgeny
name: Huang, Xiaojing
name: Yan, Hanfei
name: Pattammattel, Ajith
name: Chu, Yong S.
name: Ong, Shyue Ping
name: Ramanathan, Shriram
name: Shpyrko, Oleg G.
name: Frano, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a 30-nm x-ray beam to study the spatially resolved properties of a SmNiO$_3$-based nanodevice that is doped with protons. The x-ray absorption spectra supported by density-functional theory (DFT) simulations show partial reduction of nickel valence in the region with high proton concentration, which leads to the insulating behavior. Concurrently, x-ray diffraction reveals only a small lattice distortion in the doped regions. Together, our results directly show that the knob which proton doping modifies is the electronic valency, and not the crystal lattice. The studies are relevant to on-going efforts to disentangle structural and electronic effects across metal-insulator phase transitions in correlated oxides.
The Principle of Maximum Conformality Correctly Resolves the Renormalization-Scheme-Dependence Problem
Creators: name: Yan, Jiang
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
name: Di Giustino, Leonardo
name: Ratcliffe, Philip G.
name: Wang, Sheng-Quan
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we clarify a serious misinterpretation and consequent misuse of the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), which also can be served as a mini review of PMC. We emphasize that the purpose of the PMC is to achieve precise fixed-order pQCD predictions, free from conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. We demonstrate that the PMC predictions satisfy all of the self-consistency conditions of the renormalization group and standard renormalization-group invariance; the PMC predictions are thus independent of any initial choice of renormalization scheme and scale. The scheme independence of the PMC is also ensured by commensurate scale relations which relate different observables to each other. Moreover, in the Abelian limit, the PMC dovetails into the well-known Gell-Mann--Low framework, a method universally revered for its precision in QED calculations. Due to the elimination of factorially-divergent renormalon terms, the PMC series not only attains a convergence behavior far superior to that of its conventional counterparts but also deftly curtails any residual scale dependence caused by the unknown higher-order terms. This refined convergence, coupled with its robust suppression of residual uncertainties, furnishes a sound and reliable foundation for estimating the contributions from unknown higher-order terms. Anchored in the bedrock of standard renormalization group invariance, the PMC simultaneously eradicates the factorial divergences and eliminates superfluous systematic errors, which inversely provides a good foundation for achieving high-precision pQCD predictions. Consequently, owing to its rigorous theoretical underpinnings, the PMC is eminently applicable to virtually all high-energy hadronic processes.
description: 16 pages, no figures. To match the published version of Symmetry