Chthamalus newmani Benny K. K. Chan &amp; H. -N. Chen &amp; P. R. Dando &amp; A. J. Southward &amp; E. C. Southward 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Chan, Benny K. K.
name: H.-N. Chen
name: P. R. Dando
name: A. J. Southward
name: E. C. Southward
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Sessilia
Chthamalidae
Chthamalus
Chthamalus newmani

description: <i>Chthamalus newmani</i> sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37C27151-25BE-4F94-AABD-6F06FEF8C7B2 Figs 2D, 2E and 2F and 12–17 FB <i>Chthamalus fissus</i>.—Hedgecock, 1979: 210, Table 3 [5] <i>Chthamalus southwardorum</i> B (in Table, not in text).—Wares <i>et al</i>., 2009: Table 2. [14] <i>Chthamalus southwardorum</i> “Farfan” form.—Meyers <i>et a l</i>., 2013: 77, fig 2. [11] <b>Specimens examined.</b> holotype, NHMUK 2016. 9 (= AJS 1970) 1 specimen from rock ledges, Balboa Statue, Panama City, Panama, 1970; paratypes, NHMUK 2016.10, 2016.11, 2016.12, 2016.13, 2016.14. 5 specimens, same data as holotype. ASIZCR-000334, 0 0 0 335, 0 0 0 336, 0 0 0 341. 4 specimens, same data as holotype; other materials, TEPE78-1, 20 specimens, intertidal rocks, Farfan Beach, Farfan Point, Panama, 8° 56.4' N, 79° 34.1' W, 30 Mar 1978. PWG1, 6 specimens, intertidal rock, 200 m N of Naos Island on the west side of Avenida Amador, 8° 54.63' N, 79° 31.74' W, 3 Feb 1979. <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Chthamalus</i> with cirrus I having bidenticulate setae with or without basal guards on the distal segment of the posterior ramus and cirrus II having bidenticulate setae with basal guards on the distalmost two or three segments of the posterior ramus and two distalmost segments of the anterior ramus. External surface of tergum without tergal furrow. Tergoscutal flaps brown when alive. COI sequence (Gene Bank Numbers: KU356709— KU356722). <b>Description.</b> The hard parts were described mainly based on the holotype, supplemented with information from paratypes. Shell depressed, white to pale brown, composed of six plates, radii absent. Orifice elliptical (Fig 2D, 2E and 2F). Inside of shell white to pale brown. Scutum and tergum symmetrical, with tergoscutal flaps brown in colour when alive (Fig 2D, 2E and 2F), dull brown when preserved in formalin or ethanol. Scutum triangular, outer surface of scutum with upper part eroded, with growth lines as striation patterns on the lower basal region. Inner side of scutum white, tergal margin with wide articular ridge and deep articular furrow. Basal margin slightly convex, lateral muscle scar present as 1 or 2 pits. Occludent margin straight without dentations, adductor muscle scar oval and deep (Fig 12). Tergum narrow, height of tergum about 1.5 times greater than the width, tergal margin about 0.6 of the length of the basal margin (Fig 12). External surface eroded with growth lines visible near the basal margin, inner side white and smooth, scutal margin strongly concave, carinal margin convex, basal margin with 4 rostral depressor muscle crests. Spur wide and bluntly convex (Fig 12). Segment counts on cirri I-III were based on five specimens collected from rock ledges, Balboa Statue, Panama City, Panama (AJS-1970) (Table 4). Segment counts on cirri IV-VI were based on the holotype. Cirrus I: posterior ramus with 6 or 7 segments, anterior ramus with 8 or 9 segments (Fig 13A). Distalmost segment of posterior ramus with 1–2 bidenticulate setae with or without basal guards (Figs 13B, 15A and 15C). Serrulate setae dominate on both rami (Fig 15A–15F). Basipod of cirrus I with pappose setae (Fig 15G). Cirrus II: posterior ramus with 5 to 7 segments, anterior ramus with 7 or 8 segments (Fig 13C) (Table 4), posterior ramus with bidenticulate setae with basal guards on the three distalmost segments (Fig 13D), anterior ramus with bidenticulate setae with basal guards on the two distalmost segments (Fig 13E). The number of basal guards on the bidenticulate setae ranges from 1–2 on different specimens (Fig 15H–15P). Serrulate setae are dominant on both rami (Fig 15R–15Q). Basipod with pappose setae. Cirrus III: anterior ramus about equal to posterior ramus, posterior ramus 17 to 19 segments, anterior ramus 18 to 23 segments (Fig 13G, Table 4). Intermediate segments of cirrus III with 3 pairs of long setae and 2 pairs of short setae (Fig 13H). Cirrus IV: anterior and posterior rami similar in length, anterior ramus 23 segments, posterior ramus 20 segments (Fig 14A) intermediate segments of anterior ramus with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of short simple setae (Fig 14B). Cirrus V: anterior and posterior rami similar in length, anterior ramus 21 segments, posterior ramus 20 segments (Fig 14C), intermediate segments of both rami with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of short simple setae (Fig 14D). Cirrus VI: anterior and posterior rami similar in length, anterior ramus 25 segments, posterior ramus 26 segments (Fig 14E), intermediate segments of both anterior and posterior rami with 3 pairs of long serrulate and 2 pairs of short simple setae (Fig 14F). Basipodite (Fig 14G) and tip of cirrus VI with serrulate setae (Fig 14H). Maxilla, two lobes are separated by a notch without setae, serrulate setae on both lobes (Figs 16A and 17A–17C). Maxillule cutting margin notched, with two large setae above notch, five setae below notch, inferior angle protuberant, with dense setae (Figs 16B, 17D and 17E). Mandible has 4 major teeth, first tooth separated from the remainder, the third and fourth teeth bidentate, pecten with 14 very small teeth, inferior angle tipped with a pair of pointed teeth (Figs 16D and 16E and 17G–17K). Mandibular palp rectangular, superior margin with dense serrulate setae, inferior margin with long serrulate setae (Figs 16F and 17L, 17M and 17N). Labrum concave, with six teeth on each side of the cutting margin, central part of notch with dense setae (Figs 16G and 16H and 17P and 17Q). Penis without basi-dorsal point. <b>Distribution.</b> Found on the Pacific coast of Central America from 13° 55' N, 90° 47' W to 8°51' N, 79° 44' W (range further south unknown). Etymology. Named (by BKKC) in honour of Prof. William Newman, for his extensive contributions in barnacle taxonomy and his leadership of the TEP Expedition (see Southward [32]). <b>Remarks.</b> Hedgecock [5] collected specimens which he designated “FB <i>Chthamalus fissus</i> ” from Farfan Beach, Panama and found identical specimens at Isle del Tigre, Golfo de Fonseca. Using allozyme electrophoresis, he showed these to be a separate species from <i>C</i>. <i>fissus</i> of California and the species collected at Isla Sacrificios and Chamela Bay. Specimens from the Farfan Beach collection of Hedgecock were examined by electrophoresis and by morphology in the present study and found to be <i>C</i>. <i>newmani</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Benny K. K. Chan, H. - N. Chen, P. R. Dando, A. J. Southward &amp; E. C. Southward, 2016, Biodiversity and Biogeography of Chthamalid Barnacles from the North-Eastern Pacific (Crustacea Cirripedia), pp. 1-51 in PLoS ONE 11 (3)</i> on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149556, http://zenodo.org/record/1161582
description: {"references": ["5. Hedgecock D. Biochemical genetic variations and evidence of speciation in Chthamalus barnacles of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology. 1979; 54: 207 - 14.", "14. Wares JP, Pankey MS, Pitombo F, Daglio LG, Achituv Y. A \" Shallow Phylogeny \" of Shallow Barnacles (Chthamalus). PLoS One. 2009; 4: e 5567. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0005567 PMID: 19440543", "11. Meyers MK, Pankey MS, Wares JP. Genealogical approaches to the temporal origins of the Central American gap: Speciation and divergence in Pacific Chthamalus (Sessilia: Chthamalidae). Revista De Biologia Tropical. 2013; 61: 75 - 88. PMID: 23894964", "32. Southward AJ. William Anderson Newman: an appreciation. In: Schram FR, Hoeg JT, editors. New frontiers in barnacle evolution. Crustacean Issues 10: A. A. Balkema; 1995. p. 1 - 14."]}