cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$3x+1$ inverse orbit generating functions almost always have natural boundaries
Creators: name: Bell, Jason P.
name: Lagarias, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 30B40, Secondary: 11B83, 11K31, 26A18, 30B10, 37A45

description: The $3x+k$ function $T_{k}(n)$ sends $n$ to $(3n+k)/2$ resp. $n/2,$ according as $n$ is odd, resp. even, where $k \equiv \pm 1~(\bmod \, 6)$. The map $T_k(\cdot)$ sends integers to integers, and for $m \ge 1$ let $n \rightarrow m$ mean that $m$ is in the forward orbit of $n$ under iteration of $T_k(\cdot).$ We consider the generating functions $f_{k,m}(z) = \sum_{n>0, n \rightarrow m} z^{n},$ which are holomorphic in the unit disk. We give sufficient conditions on $(k,m)$ for the functions $f_{k, m}(z)$ have the unit circle $\{|z|=1\}$ as a natural boundary to analytic continuation. For the $3x+1$ function these conditions hold for all $m \ge 1$ to show that $f_{1,m}(z)$ has the unit circle as a natural boundary except possibly for $m= 1, 2, 4$ and $8$. The $3x+1$ Conjecture is equivalent to the assertion that $f_{1, m}(z)$ is a rational function of $z$ for the remaining values $m=1,2, 4, 8$.
description: 15 pages
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Phase Hopping for Ultra-Reliable Communications
Creators: name: Besser, Karl-Ludwig
name: Jorswieck, Eduard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We introduce a phase hopping scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in which the phases of the individual RIS elements are randomly varied with each transmitted symbol. This effectively converts slow fading into fast fading. We show how this can be leveraged to significantly improve the outage performance especially for small outage probabilities without channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and RIS. Furthermore, the same result can be accomplished even if only two possible phase values are available. Since we do not require perfect CSI at the transmitter or RIS, the proposed scheme has no additional communication overhead for adjusting the phases. This enables robust ultra-reliable communications with a reduced effort for channel estimation.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Canadian Gallup Poll # 239
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); war and peace(3); right to strike(2); education and public school system(6); Canadian and British Commonwealth(2); retirement age(2); Canadian Parliament and Canadian Cabinet(5); unemployment(2). Note: Demographics (15). Added: Children of school age.
MPEC 2023-R43 : 2023 RV
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RV

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Rigorous implementation of real-time hybrid fire simulation applying high heating rates of thermal loading
Creators: name: Sif2022
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: Hybrid fire simulation (HFS) has been trending in recent years as a novel method for global performance-based analysis of structures in fire. This method considers the numerical simulation of a global structure while its structural members exposed to fire in fire compartments are tested in experiment. HFS method can capture the beneficial interaction mechanisms developing between fire-exposed structural members and the cooler rest of the structure. Due to rate- and temperature-dependent material behaviour of structures subjected to fire, a real-time performance in hybrid fire simulation counts as a substantial prerequisite. This aspect becomes more challenging in hybrid fire simulations with high applied heating rates in the fire tests. This paper describes a proposed rigorous approach for hybrid fire simulation and presents a thermomechanical benchmark structure for proof-of-concept studies. The results of two representative hybrid fire simulations with high heating rates are investigated. The importance of a proper method for computation of the degrading stiffness of the fire-exposed structural member during HFS procedure is highlighted. The precision of the proposed HFS approach applied in hybrid fire simulations with high heating rates is verified.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 263
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal elections vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); working at two jobs(3); leisure time(9), Canadian public schools(1); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performance(3); greatest problem facing Canada(2); unemployment(3); inflation(1); nation's defense policy(2); Arab Israeli conflict(2). Note: Demographics(12).
Optimal MRI Undersampling Patterns for Ultimate Benefit of Medical Vision Tasks
Creators: name: Razumov, Artem
name: Rogov, Oleg Y.
name: Dylov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To accelerate MRI, the field of compressed sensing is traditionally concerned with optimizing the image quality after a partial undersampling of the measurable $\textit{k}$-space. In our work, we propose to change the focus from the quality of the reconstructed image to the quality of the downstream image analysis outcome. Specifically, we propose to optimize the patterns according to how well a sought-after pathology could be detected or localized in the reconstructed images. We find the optimal undersampling patterns in $\textit{k}$-space that maximize target value functions of interest in commonplace medical vision problems (reconstruction, segmentation, and classification) and propose a new iterative gradient sampling routine universally suitable for these tasks. We validate the proposed MRI acceleration paradigm on three classical medical datasets, demonstrating a noticeable improvement of the target metrics at the high acceleration factors (for the segmentation problem at $\times$16 acceleration, we report up to 12% improvement in Dice score over the other undersampling patterns).
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll March 1996
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Political party(3); vote in 1993 federal election(1); Jean Chretien job performance(1); Martin's budget(1); economy(1); personal financial situation(1); sell insurance(1); trade with Cuba(1); honesty/ethics of certain occupations(15); Academy Awards(3).
Valuations and Surface Area Measures
Creators: name: Haberl, Christoph
name: Parapatits, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B45, 28A10

description: We consider valuations defined on polytopes containing the origin which have measures on the sphere as values. We show that the classical surface area measure is essentially the only such valuation which is SL(n) contravariant of degree one. Moreover, for all real $p$, an $L_p$ version of the above result is established for GL(n) contravariant valuations of degree $p$. This provides a characterization of the $L_p$ surface area measures from the $L_p$ Brunn-Minkowski theory.
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll June 1996
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Political party(3); vote in 1993 federal election(1); Jean Chretien job performance(1); job performance of party leaders(4); economy(3); confidence in government in handling issues(2); hunger(9); approval rating of liberal government in Ottawa(1).
Routine calculation of ab initio melting curves: application to aluminum
Creators: name: Robert, Grégory
name: Legrand, Philippe
name: Arnault, Philippe
name: Desbiens, Nicolas
name: Clérouin, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple, fast, and reliable method to compute the melting curves of materials with ab initio molecular dynamics. It is based on the two-phase thermodynamic model of [Lin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 11792 (2003)] and its improved version given by [Desjarlais, Phys. Rev. E, 88, 062145 (2013)]. In this model, the velocity autocorrelation function is utilized to calculate the contribution of the nuclei motion to the entropy of the solid and liquid phases. It is then possible to find the thermodynamic conditions of equal Gibbs free energy between these phases, defining the melting curve. The first benchmark on the face-centered cubic melting curve of aluminum from 0 to 300 GPa demonstrates how to obtain an accuracy of 5-10%, comparable to the most sophisticated methods, for a much lower computational cost.
Multi-strange baryon production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions measured with ALICE
Creators: name: Colella, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of Ξ$^{-}$ and Ω$^{-}$ baryons and their anti-particles in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions has been measured by the ALICE Collaboration. These hyperons are reconstructed via the detection of their charged weak-decay products, which are identified through their measured ionisation losses and momenta in the ALICE Time Projection Chamber. Comparing the production yields in Pb-Pb and pp collisions, a strangeness enhancement has been measured and found to increase with the centrality of the collision and with the strangeness content of the baryon; moreover, in the comparison with similar measurements at lower energies, it decreases as the centre-of-mass energy increases, following the trend already observed moving from SPS to RHIC. Recent measurement of cascade and Ω in p-Pb interactions are compared with results in Pb-Pb and pp collisions and with predictions from thermal models, based on a grand canonical approach. The nuclear modification factors for the charged Ξ and Ω, compared to the ones for the lighter particles, are also presented.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the QCD@Work 2014 conference, 16-19 June 2014, Giovinazzo (Italy)
Low temperature magnetic properties of NpNi$_5$
Creators: name: Hen, A.
name: Colineau, E.
name: Eloirdi, R.
name: Griveau, J. -C.
name: Magnani, N.
name: Wilhelm, F.
name: Rogalev, A.
name: Sanchez, J. -P.
name: Shick, A. B.
name: Halevy, I.
name: Orion, I.
name: Caciuffo, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of an extended experimental characterization of the hexagonal intermetallic Haucke compound NpNi$_{5}$. By combining macroscopic and shell-specific techniques, we determine the 5$f$-shell occupation number $n_f$ close to 4 for the Np ions, together with orbital and spin components of the ordered moment in the ferromagnetic phase below T$_C$ = 16 K ($μ_{S}$ = -1.88~$μ_{B}$ and $μ_{L}$ = 3.91~$μ_{B}$). The apparent coexistence of ordered and disordered phases observed in the Mössbauer spectra is explained in terms of slow relaxation between the components of a quasi-triplet ground state. The ratio between the expectation value of the magnetic dipole operator and the spin magnetic moment ($3\langle T_{z}\rangle/ \langle S_{z}\rangle$ = +1.43) is positive and large, suggesting a localized character of the 5$f$ electrons. The angular part of the spin-orbit coupling ($\langle\vec{\ell}\cdot\vec{s}\rangle$ = -5.55) is close to the value of -6.25 calculated for trivalent Np ions in intermediate coupling approximation. The results are discussed against the prediction of first-principle electronic structure calculations based on the spin-polarized local spin density approximation plus Hubbard interaction, and of a mean field model taking into account crystal field and exchange interactions.
description: Accepted manuscript, to be published in Phys. Rev. B http://prb.aps.org
Hexagonal-to-base-centered-orthorhombic $4Q$ charge density wave order in kagome metals KV$_3$Sb$_5$, RbV$_3$Sb$_5$, and CsV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Subedi, Alaska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I search for the ground state structures of the kagome metals KV$_3$Sb$_5$, RbV$_3$Sb$_5$, and CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ using first principles calculations. Group-theoretical analysis shows that there are seventeen different distortions that are possible due to the phonon instabilities at the $M$ $(\frac{1}{2},0,0)$ and $L$ $(\frac{1}{2},0,\frac{1}{2})$ points in the Brilouin zone of the parent $P6/mmm$ phase of these materials. I generated these structures for the three compounds and performed full structural relaxations that minimize the atomic forces and lattice stresses. I find that the $Fmmm$ phase with the order parameter $M_1^+$ $(a,0,0)$ $+$ $L_2^-$ $(0,b,b)$ has the lowest energy among these possibilities in all three compounds. However, the $Fmmm$ exhibits a dynamical instability at its $Z$ $(0,0,1)$ point, which corresponds to the $A$ $(0,0,\frac{1}{2})$ point in the parent $P6/mmm$ phase. Condensation of this instability leads to a base-centered orthorhombic structure with the space group $Cmcm$ and $4Q$ order parameter $M_1^+$ $(a,0,0)$ $+$ $L_2^-$ $(0,b,b)$ $+$ $A_6^+$ $(\frac{1}{2}c,\frac{-\sqrt{3}}{2}c)$.
A trace inequality for solenoidal charges
Creators: name: Raita, Bogdan
name: Spector, Daniel
name: Stolyarov, Dmitriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that for $α\in (d-1,d]$, one has the trace inequality \begin{align*} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} |I_αF| \;dν\leq C |F|(\mathbb{R}^d)\|ν\|_{\mathcal{M}^{d-α}(\mathbb{R}^d)} \end{align*} for all solenoidal vector measures $F$, i.e., $F\in M_b(\mathbb{R}^d,\mathbb{R}^d)$ and $\operatorname{div}F=0$. Here $I_α$ denotes the Riesz potential of order $α$ and $\mathcal M^{d-α}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ the Morrey space of $(d-α)$-dimensional measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$.
description: 8 pages
Spin-echo entanglement protection from random telegraph noise
Creators: name: Franco, Rosario Lo
name: D'Arrigo, Antonio
name: Falci, Giuseppe
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
name: Paladino, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze local spin-echo procedures to protect entanglement between two non-interacting qubits, each subject to pure-dephasing random telegraph noise. For superconducting qubits this simple model captures characteristic features of the effect of bistable impurities coupled to the device. An analytic expression for the entanglement dynamics is reported. Peculiar features related to the non-Gaussian nature of the noise already observed in the single qubit dynamics also occur in the entanglement dynamics for proper values of the ratio $g=v/γ$, between the qubit-impurity coupling strength and the switching rate of the random telegraph process, and of the separation between the pulses $Δt$. We find that the echo procedure may delay the disappearance of entanglement, cancel the dynamical structure of entanglement revivals and dark periods, and induce peculiar plateau-like behaviors of the concurrence.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
The global polarisation of remote work
Creators: name: Braesemann, Fabian
name: Stephany, Fabian
name: Teutloff, Ole
name: Kässi, Otto
name: Graham, Mark
name: Lehdonvirta, Vili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the rise of remote work with consequences for the global division of work. Remote work could connect labour markets, but it could also increase spatial polarisation. However, our understanding of the geographies of remote work is limited. Specifically, does remote work bring jobs to rural areas or is it concentrating in large cities, and how do skill requirements affect competition for jobs and wages? We use data from a fully remote labour market - an online labour platform - to show that remote work is polarised along three dimensions. First, countries are globally divided: North American, European, and South Asian remote workers attract most jobs, while many Global South countries participate only marginally. Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to urban regions; rural areas fall behind. Thirdly, remote work is polarised along the skill axis: workers with in-demand skills attract profitable jobs, while others face intense competition and obtain low wages. The findings suggest that remote work is shaped by agglomerative forces, which are deepening the gap between urban and rural areas. To make remote work an effective tool for rural development, it needs to be embedded in local skill-building and labour market programmes.
description: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in the journal PLOS ONE
United States Private-Sector Physicians and Pharmaceutical Contract Research: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Fisher, Jill A.
name: Kalbaugh, Corey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: There have been dramatic increases over the past 20 years in the number of nonacademic, private-sector physicians who serve as principal investigators on US clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. However, there has been little research on the implications of these investigators' role in clinical investigation. Our objective was to study private-sector clinics involved in US pharmaceutical clinical trials to understand the contract research arrangements supporting drug development, and specifically how private-sector physicians engaged in contract research describe their professional identities.
Three-dimensional magnetic and abundance mapping of the cool Ap star HD 24712 II. Two-dimensional Magnetic Doppler Imaging in all four Stokes parameters
Creators: name: Rusomarov, N.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Ryabchikova, T.
name: Piskunov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We present a magnetic Doppler imaging study from all Stokes parameters of the cool, chemically peculiar star HD 24712. This is the very first such analysis performed at a resolving power exceeding 10^5. Methods: The analysis is performed on the basis of phase-resolved observations of line profiles in all four Stokes parameters obtained with the HARPSpol instrument attached at the 3.6-m ESO telescope. We use the magnetic Doppler imaging code, INVERS10, which allows us to derive the magnetic field geometry and surface chemical abundance distributions simultaneously. Results: We report magnetic maps of HD 24712 recovered from a selection of FeI, FeII, NdIII, and NaI lines with strong polarization signals in all Stokes parameters. Our magnetic maps successfully reproduce most of the details available from our observation data. We used these magnetic field maps to produce abundance distribution map of Ca. This new analysis shows that the surface magnetic field of HD 24712 has a dominant dipolar component with a weak contribution from higher-order harmonics. The surface abundance distributions of Fe and Ca show enhancements near the magnetic equator with an underabundant patch at the visible (positive) magnetic pole; Nd is highly abundant around the positive magnetic pole. The Na abundance map shows a high overabundance around the negative magnetic pole. Conclusions: Based on our investigation and similar recent four Stokes parameter magnetic mapping studies, we present a tentative evidence for the hypothesis that Ap stars with dipole-like fields are older than stars with magnetic fields that have more small-scale structures. We find that our abundance maps are inconsistent with recent theoretical calculations of atomic diffusion in presence of magnetic fields.
description: The paper was accepted for publication in A&A 24 September 2014
Barzilai and Borwein conjugate gradient method equipped with a non-monotone line search technique and its application on non-negative matrix factorization
Creators: name: Hafshejani, Sajad Fathi
name: Gaur, Daya
name: Hossain, Shahadat
name: Benkoczi, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new non-monotone conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems. We first modify the non-monotone line search method by introducing a new trigonometric function to calculate the non-monotone parameter, which plays an essential role in the algorithm's efficiency. Then, we apply a convex combination of the Barzilai-Borwein method for calculating the value of step size in each iteration. Under some suitable assumptions, we prove that the new algorithm has the global convergence property. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are determined in practice by applying the algorithm to some standard test problems and non-negative matrix factorization problems.
Yet another representation for the sum of reciprocals of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function
Creators: name: Matiyasevich, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M26

description: The positivity of the sum from the title is the first condition in the well-known criterium for the validity of the Riemann Hypothesis suggested by X.-J. Li. In the paper this value is represented as an infinite sum with positive summands.
description: Submitted to "Mathematical Notes" (Moscow, Russia)
Assessment of cumulative impacts on Aboriginal cultural heritage on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria: preliminary findings
Creators: name: Smith, Anita
name: Kurpiel, Rebekah
name: Lawrence, Susan
name: Garvey, Jillian
name: Turnbull, Dan
name: Ogden, Robert
name: Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Blank
Entanglement dynamics in superconducting qubits affected by local bistable impurities
Creators: name: Franco, Rosario Lo
name: D'Arrigo, Antonio
name: Falci, Giuseppe
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
name: Paladino, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement dynamics for two independent superconducting qubits each affected by a bistable impurity generating random telegraph noise (RTN) at pure dephasing. The relevant parameter is the ratio $g$ between qubit-RTN coupling strength and RTN switching rate, that captures the physics of the crossover between Markovian and non-Markovian features of the dynamics. For identical qubit-RTN subsystems, a threshold value $g_\mathrm{th}$ of the crossover parameter separates exponential decay and onset of revivals; different qualitative behaviors also show up by changing the initial conditions of the RTN. We moreover show that, for different qubit-RTN subsystems, when both qubits are very strongly coupled to the RTN an increase in entanglement revival amplitude may occur during the dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Initialization for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: a Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Hafshejani, Sajad Fathi
name: Moaberfard, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular method for representing meaningful data by extracting a non-negative basis feature from an observed non-negative data matrix. Some of the unique features of this method in identifying hidden data put this method amongst the powerful methods in the machine learning area. The NMF is a known non-convex optimization problem and the initial point has a significant effect on finding an efficient local solution. In this paper, we investigate the most popular initialization procedures proposed for NMF so far. We describe each method and present some of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, some numerical results to illustrate the performance of each algorithm are presented.
When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Aged 2–5 Years: A Collaborative Causal Modelling Analysis of Cohort Studies from Southern Africa
Creators: name: Davies, Mary-Ann
name: Schomaker, Michael
name: Giddy, Janet
name: Penazzato, Martina
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Moultrie, Harry
name: Technau, Karl
name: Muhe, Lulu
name: Essajee, Shaffiq
name: Rabie, Helena
name: Cox, Vivian
name: Eley, Brian
name: Gsponer, Thomas
name: Keiser, Olivia
name: Bolton Moore, Carolyn
name: Chimbetete, Cleophas
name: Ndirangu, James
name: Egger, Matthias
name: Wood, Robin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: There is limited evidence on the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in children 2–5 y of age. We conducted a causal modelling analysis using the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS–Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) collaborative dataset to determine the difference in mortality when starting ART in children aged 2–5 y immediately (irrespective of CD4 criteria), as recommended in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 guidelines, compared to deferring to lower CD4 thresholds, for example, the WHO 2010 recommended threshold of CD4 count <750 cells/mm3 or CD4 percentage (CD4%) <25%.
Averting Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in India through Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation: An Economic-Epidemiologic Modeling Study
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry
name: Vellakkal, Sukumar
name: Agrawal, Sutapa
name: Basu, Sanjay
name: Stuckler, David
name: Ebrahim, Shah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proposed in high-income countries to reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes. We sought to estimate the potential health effects of such a fiscal strategy in the middle-income country of India, where there is heterogeneity in SSB consumption, patterns of substitution between SSBs and other beverages after tax increases, and vast differences in chronic disease risk within the population.
Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Wright, Jim
name: Slaymaker, Tom
name: Cronk, Ryan
name: Yang, Hong
name: Bain, Robert
name: Bartram, Jamie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Access to safe drinking-water is a fundamental requirement for good health and is also a human right. Global access to safe drinking-water is monitored by WHO and UNICEF using as an indicator “use of an improved source,” which does not account for water quality measurements. Our objectives were to determine whether water from “improved” sources is less likely to contain fecal contamination than “unimproved” sources and to assess the extent to which contamination varies by source type and setting.
Identity for scalar-valued functions of tensors and its applications to energy-momentum tensors in classical field theories and gravity
Creators: name: Struckmeier, J.
name: van de Venn, A.
name: Vasak, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a theorem on scalar-valued functions of tensors, where ``scalar'' refers to absolute scalars as well as relative scalars of weight $w$. The present work thereby generalizes an identity referred to earlier by Rosenfeld in his publication ``On the energy-momentum tensor''. The theorem provides a $(1,1)$-tensor identity which can be regarded as the tensor analogue of the identity following from Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions. The remarkably simple identity is independent of any internal symmetries of the constituent tensors, providing a powerful tool for deriving relations between field-theoretical expressions and physical quantities. We apply the identity especially for analyzing the metric and canonical energy-momentum tensors of matter and gravity and the relation between them. Moreover, we present a generalized Einstein field equation for arbitrary version of vacuum space-time dynamics -- including torsion and non-metricity. The identity allows to formulate an equivalent representation of this equation. Thereby the conjecture of a zero-energy universe is confirmed.
description: 11 pages
AirLoop: Lifelong Loop Closure Detection
Creators: name: Gao, Dasong
name: Wang, Chen
name: Scherer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Loop closure detection is an important building block that ensures the accuracy and robustness of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems. Due to their generalization ability, CNN-based approaches have received increasing attention. Although they normally benefit from training on datasets that are diverse and reflective of the environments, new environments often emerge after the model is deployed. It is therefore desirable to incorporate the data newly collected during operation for incremental learning. Nevertheless, simply finetuning the model on new data is infeasible since it may cause the model's performance on previously learned data to degrade over time, which is also known as the problem of catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we present AirLoop, a method that leverages techniques from lifelong learning to minimize forgetting when training loop closure detection models incrementally. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of AirLoop on TartanAir, Nordland, and RobotCar datasets. To the best of our knowledge, AirLoop is one of the first works to achieve lifelong learning of deep loop closure detectors.
3D maps of the local interstellar medium: searching for the imprints of past events
Creators: name: Lallement, Rosine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inversion of interstellar gas or dust columns measured along the path to stars distributed in distance and direction allows reconstructing the distribution of interstellar matter (ISM) in 3D. A low resolution IS dust map based on the reddening of 23,000 stars illustrates the potential of future maps. It reveals the location of the main IS clouds within $\sim$1kpc and, owing to biases towards weakly reddened targets, regions devoid of IS matter. It traces the Local Bubble and neighboring cavities, including a giant, $\geq$1000 pc long cavity located beyond the so-called $β$CMa tunnel, bordered by the main constituents of the Gould belt (GB), the rotating and expanding ring of clouds and young stars, inclined by $\sim$ 20$^{\circ}$ to the galactic plane. From comparison with diffuse X-ray background and absorption data it appears that the giant cavity is filled with warm, ionized and dust-poor gas in addition to million K gas. This set of structures must reflect the main events that occurred in the past. It has been suggested that the Cretaceus-Tertiary mass extinction may be due to a gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the massive globular cluster (GC) 47 Tuc during its close encounter with the Sun $\sim$70 Myrs ago. Given the mass, speed and size of 47 Tuc, wherever it crossed the Galactic plane it must have produced at the crossing site significant dynamical effects on the disk stars and IS clouds, and triggered star formation. Interestingly, first-order estimates suggest that the GB dynamics and age could match the consequences of the cluster crossing. Additionally, the giant ionized, dust-free cavity could be related to an intense flux of hard radiation, and dust-gas decoupling after the burst could explain the high variability and pattern of the D/H ratio in the nearby gaseous ISM. Future Gaia data should confirm or dismiss this hypothesis.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, presented at the 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference, Myrtle Beach, March 10-14 2014, to be published in Journal of Physics Conference Series
Fire resilience of steel-concrete composite floor systems
Creators: name: Ramesh, Selvarajah
name: Choe, Lisa
name: Hoehler, Matthew
name: Bundy, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: This paper presents the results of compartment fire experiments conducted on 9.1 m × 6.1 m steel-concrete composite floors in a full-scale, two-story, two-bays by three-bays steel gravity frame building to investigate the fire resilience of these widely used floor systems. A total of three composite floor specimens with varying slab reinforcement and fire protection schemes for the secondary beam were tested. The first experiment (Test #1) was designed to achieve a 2-hour fire resistance rating per current U.S. practice and create baseline data for the behaviour of the building. Test #2 and Test #3 were conducted to study the effect of enhanced slab reinforcement with larger area and ductility as well as unprotected secondary beams on the fire resilience of the composite floor systems. The 9.1 m × 6.1 m test floors were exposed to a compartment fire using natural gas fuelled burners while subjected to hydraulically applied gravity loads. The compartment test fire created upper-layer gas temperatures like those in standard fire resistance tests. The Test #1 specimen with steel wire reinforcement of 60 mm2/m width exhibited mid-panel slab integrity failure at 70 mins of fire exposure. Test #2 and Test #3 showed that the use of deformed steel bars (230 mm2/m) for the slab reinforcement maintained the structural integrity of the tested slab for more than two hours even with an unprotected secondary beam.
Active colloidal suspensions: Clustering and phase behavior
Creators: name: Bialké, Julian
name: Speck, Thomas
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent experimental, numerical, and analytical results on active suspensions of self-propelled colloidal beads moving in (quasi) two dimensions. Active colloids form part of the larger theme of active matter, which is noted for the emergence of collective dynamic phenomena away from thermal equilibrium. Both in experiments and computer simulations, a separation into dense aggregates, i.e., clusters, and a dilute gas phase has been reported even when attractive interactions and an alignment mechanism are absent. Here, we describe three experimental setups, discuss the different propelling mechanisms, and summarize the evidence for phase separation. We then compare experimental observations with numerical studies based on a minimal model of colloidal swimmers. Finally, we review a mean-field approach derived from first principles, which provides a theoretical framework for the density instability causing the phase separation in active colloids.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Damping of tensor mode in spatially closed cosmology
Creators: name: Khodagholizadeh, Jafar
name: Abbassi, Amir H.
name: Asgari, Ali A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an integro-differential equation for propagation of cosmological gravitation waves in spatially closed cosmology whereas the traceless transverse tensor part of the anisotropic stress tensor is free streaming neutrinos (including antineutrinos), which have been traveling essentially without collision since temperature dropped below about $ 10^{10} K$. We studied the short wavelengths and long wavelengths of gravitational waves (GWs) that enter the horizon in closed spacetime. The solution shows that the anisotropic stress reduces the squared amplitude by 76% for wavelengths that enter the horizon during radiation-dominated phase and this reduction is less for the wavelength that enter the horizon at later times. At the end we compare the results to the
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jamil, Kanta
name: Ahsan, Karar Zunaid
name: Arifeen, Shams El
name: Huda, Tanvir
name: Khan, Jahangir A. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Tanvir Mahmudul Huda and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Bangladesh.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
A Novel Tropically Stable Oral Amphotericin B Formulation (iCo-010) Exhibits Efficacy against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Murine Model
Creators: name: Clement, John G.
name: Wasan, Ellen K.
name: Werbovetz, Karl
name: Wasan, Kishor M.
name: Gershkovich, Pavel
name: Thornton, Sheila J.
name: Zhao, Jinying
name: Tidwell, Richard R.
name: Zhu, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: PurposeTo develop an oral formulation of amphotericin B (AmB) that is stable at the temperatures of WHO Climatic Zones 3 and 4 (30–43°C) and to evaluate its efficacy in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL).MethodsThe stability testing of four novel oral lipid AmB formulations composed of mono- and di-glycerides and pegylated esters (iCo-010 to iCo-013) was performed over 60 d and analyzed by HPLC-UV. In addition, the four formulations were incubated 4 h in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. AmB concentration was measured spectrophotometrically and emulsion droplet diameter was assessed by dynamic light scattering. Antileishmanial activity of iCo-010 was evaluated at increasing oral doses (2.5 to 10 mg/kg) in a murine model of VL.ResultsAmB stability in the lipid formulation (iCo-010) was >75% over 60 days. After 4 h in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid, AmB concentration was >95%. iCo-010 demonstrated significant efficacy when orally administered to VL-infected mice bid for five days (inhibition of 99%, 98%, and 83% at 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg compared to the vehicle control). In addition, the qd dose of 20 mg/kg provided 96% inhibition compared to the vehicle control.ConclusionsThe oral AmB formulation iCo-010 is stable at the temperatures of WHO Climatic Zones 3 and 4 (30–43°C). iCo-010 showed excellent antileishmanial activity at both 10 mg/kg po bid for 5 days (<99% reduction in parasitic infection) and 20 mg/kg po qd for 5 days (95% inhibition when compared to control).Author SummaryVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic form of a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by obligate intra-macrophage protozoa of the genus Leishmania. VL is always fatal in humans if left untreated and treatment options are limited. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic, is the most active antileishmanial agent that currently exists. Liposomal AmB (AmBisome) is used as first-line treatment in developed countries [1], [7], [8], [9], [10]; however, the requisite parenteral administration and the high cost of the liposomal formulation prevents this treatment from reaching the majority of patients in developing nations [3]. A stable, efficacious oral treatment for VL that is able to withstand the rigors of tropical climates would overcome many of the current barriers to treatment that exist in countries with large VL-infected patient populations. In this study we have developed an oral formulation of AmB that is stable in tropical conditions and exhibits significant antileshimanial activity in mice.
Vaccination with DNA Plasmids Expressing Gn Coupled to C3d or Alphavirus Replicons Expressing Gn Protects Mice against Rift Valley Fever Virus
Creators: name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Ross, Ted M.
name: Bhardwaj, Nitin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: BackgroundRift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne viral zoonosis. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important biological threat with the potential to spread to new susceptible areas. In addition, it is a potential biowarfare agent.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe developed two potential vaccines, DNA plasmids and alphavirus replicons, expressing the Gn glycoprotein of RVFV alone or fused to three copies of complement protein, C3d. Each vaccine was administered to mice in an all DNA, all replicon, or a DNA prime/replicon boost strategy and both the humoral and cellular responses were assessed. DNA plasmids expressing Gn-C3d and alphavirus replicons expressing Gn elicited high titer neutralizing antibodies that were similar to titers elicited by the live-attenuated MP12 virus. Mice vaccinated with an inactivated form of MP12 did elicit high titer antibodies, but these antibodies were unable to neutralize RVFV infection. However, only vaccine strategies incorporating alphavirus replicons elicited cellular responses to Gn. Both vaccines strategies completely prevented weight loss and morbidity and protected against lethal RVFV challenge. Passive transfer of antisera from vaccinated mice into naïve mice showed that both DNA plasmids expressing Gn-C3d and alphavirus replicons expressing Gn elicited antibodies that protected mice as well as sera from mice immunized with MP12.Conclusion/SignificanceThese results show that both DNA plasmids expressing Gn-C3d and alphavirus replicons expressing Gn administered alone or in a DNA prime/replicon boost strategy are effective RVFV vaccines. These vaccine strategies provide safer alternatives to using live-attenuated RVFV vaccines for human use.Author SummaryRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne phlebovirus associated with abortion storms, neonatal mortality in livestock and hemorrhagic fever or fatal encephalitis in a proportion of infected humans. Requirement of multiple booster immunizations to maintain the level of protective immunity with the inactivated vaccines and the ability of live-attenuated vaccines to cause detrimental side-effects are major limitations preventing the widespread use of current vaccines. In this paper, we describe the use of DNA and alphavirus replicon based vaccination approaches to elicit a protective immune response against RVFV. While both vaccines elicited high titer antibodies, DNA vaccination elicited high titer neutralizing antibodies, whereas the replicon vaccine elicited cellular immune responses. Both strategies alone or in combination elicited immune response that completely protected against not only mortality, but also illness. Even though the delivery vectors elicited some protection on their own, they did not prevent severe morbidity. These promising vaccines provide an alternative RVFV vaccine for livestock and humans.
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll January 1997
Creators: name: Gallup Canada, Inc.
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Party vote in election(2); Jean Chretien job performance(1); most important problem(1); party best able to handle problems(1); news sources(7); business conditions in your region(3); New Year's resolutions(2); relationship with spouse or partner(1).
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll March 1997
Creators: name: Gallup Canada, Inc.
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Vote in election(2); Jean Chretien job performance(1); direction of country(2); Paul Martin's budget(2); economy(1); money needed to live(1); Eaton's department store(1); people's honesty in certain fields(15); social changes(7); genetic cloning(4).
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll April 1997
Creators: name: Gallup Canada, Inc.
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Vote in election(2); Jean Chretien job performance(2); confidence in Canadian institutions(12); best prime minister for Canada(1); smoke cigarettes(1); use of alcoholic beverages(1); best chance of winning Stanley Cup(1); Toronto Blue Jays(1); Montreal Expos(1).