cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hardness tests with neutron flux on different Silicon photomultiplier devices
Creators: name: Cattaneo, P. W.
name: Cervi, T.
name: Menegolli, A.
name: Oddone, M.
name: Prata, M.
name: Prata, M. C.
name: Rossella, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation hardness is an important requirement for solid state readout devices operating in high radiation environments common in particle physics experiments. The MEGII experiment, at PSI, Switzerland, investigates the forbidden decay $μ^+ \to \mathrm{e}^+ γ$. Exploiting the most intense muon beam of the world. A significant flux of non-thermal neutrons (kinetic energy $E_k\geq 0.5 ~MeV$) is present in the experimental hall produced along the beamline and in the hall itself. We present the effects of neutron fluxes comparable to the MEGII expected doses on several Silicon PhotoMulitpliers (SiPMs). The tested models are: AdvanSiD ASD-NUV3S-P50 (used in MEGII experiment), AdvanSiD ASD-NUV3S-P40, AdvanSiD ASD-RGB3S-P40, Hamamatsu and Excelitas C30742-33-050-X. The neutron source is the thermal Sub-critical Multiplication complex (SM1) moderated with water, located at the University of Pavia (Italy). We report the change of SiPMs most important electric parameters: dark current, dark pulse frequency, gain, direct bias resistance, as a function of the integrated neutron fluency.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings from Instrumentation for colliding Beam Physics (INSTR-17) 27-02-2017/03-03-2017 Novosibirsk (RU
chemtrain: Learning Deep Potential Models via Automatic Differentiation and Statistical Physics
Creators: name: Fuchs, Paul
name: Thaler, Stephan
name: Röcken, Sebastien
name: Zavadlav, Julija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Networks (NNs) are promising models for refining the accuracy of molecular dynamics, potentially opening up new fields of application. Typically trained bottom-up, atomistic NN potential models can reach first-principle accuracy, while coarse-grained implicit solvent NN potentials surpass classical continuum solvent models. However, overcoming the limitations of costly generation of accurate reference data and data inefficiency of common bottom-up training demands efficient incorporation of data from many sources. This paper introduces the framework chemtrain to learn sophisticated NN potential models through customizable training routines and advanced training algorithms. These routines can combine multiple top-down and bottom-up algorithms, e.g., to incorporate both experimental and simulation data or pre-train potentials with less costly algorithms. chemtrain provides an object-oriented high-level interface to simplify the creation of custom routines. On the lower level, chemtrain relies on JAX to compute gradients and scale the computations to use available resources. We demonstrate the simplicity and importance of combining multiple algorithms in the examples of parametrizing an all-atomistic model of titanium and a coarse-grained implicit solvent model of alanine dipeptide.
description: Package source code published at http://github.com/tummfm/chemtrain
The Massive CO White Dwarf in the Symbiotic Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi
Creators: name: Mikolajewska, Joanna
name: Shara, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If accreting white dwarfs (WD) in binary systems are to produce type Ia supernovae (SNIa), they must grow to nearly the Chandrasekhar mass and ignite carbon burning. Proving conclusively that a WD has grown substantially since its birth is a challenging task. Slow accretion of hydrogen inevitably leads to the erosion, rather than the growth of WDs. Rapid hydrogen accretion does lead to growth of a helium layer, due to both decreased degeneracy and the inhibition of mixing of the accreted hydrogen with the underlying WD. However, until recently, simulations of helium-accreting WDs all claimed to show the explosive ejection of a helium envelope once it exceeded $\sim 10^{-1}\, \rm M_{\odot}$. Because CO WDs cannot be born with masses in excess of $\sim 1.1\, \rm M_{\odot}$, any such object, in excess of $\sim 1.2\, \rm M_{\odot}$, must have grown substantially. We demonstrate that the WD in the symbiotic nova RS Oph is in the mass range 1.2-1.4\,M$_{\odot}$. We compare UV spectra of RS Oph with those of novae with ONe WDs, and with novae erupting on CO WDs. The RS Oph WD is clearly made of CO, demonstrating that it has grown substantially since birth. It is a prime candidate to eventually produce an SNIa.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ
Updated Collider and Direct Detection Constraints on Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
Creators: name: Escudero, Miguel
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Witte, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing an exhaustive set of simplified models, we revisit dark matter scenarios potentially capable of generating the observed Galactic Center gamma-ray excess, updating constraints from the LUX and PandaX-II experiments, as well as from the LHC and other colliders. We identify a variety of pseudoscalar mediated models that remain consistent with all constraints. In contrast, dark matter candidates which annihilate through a spin-1 mediator are ruled out by direct detection constraints unless the mass of the mediator is near an annihilation resonance, or the mediator has a purely vector coupling to the dark matter and a purely axial coupling to Standard Model fermions. All scenarios in which the dark matter annihilates through $t$-channel processes are now ruled out by a combination of the constraints from LUX/PandaX-II and the LHC.
description: v3: Footnote and reference added. v2: Published version, text and citations added. 19 pages, 8 figures
MQM-Chat: Multidimensional Quality Metrics for Chat Translation
Creators: name: Li, Yunmeng
name: Suzuki, Jun
name: Morishita, Makoto
name: Abe, Kaori
name: Inui, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The complexities of chats pose significant challenges for machine translation models. Recognizing the need for a precise evaluation metric to address the issues of chat translation, this study introduces Multidimensional Quality Metrics for Chat Translation (MQM-Chat). Through the experiments of five models using MQM-Chat, we observed that all models generated certain fundamental errors, while each of them has different shortcomings, such as omission, overly correcting ambiguous source content, and buzzword issues, resulting in the loss of stylized information. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of MQM-Chat in evaluating chat translation, emphasizing the importance of stylized content and dialogue consistency for future studies.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays from white dwarf pulsars and the Hillas criterion
Creators: name: Lobato, Ronaldo V.
name: Coelho, Jaziel G.
name: Malheiro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays ($E\gtrsim10^{19}$ eV) is still an open question in astroparticle physics and in the last years some efforts were made to understand its origin. In this work we consider white dwarf pulsars (WDPs) as possible sources of these ultra energetic particles. If some Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) are considered as white dwarf pulsars, these sources can achieve large electromagnetic potentials on its surface and possibly accelerate particle almost of speed of light and with energies $E \sim 10^{20-21}$ eV. We show that the new scale of star surface magnetic field and size of SGRs/AXPs as very magnetized white dwarfs are well described in the Hillas diagram together with the AR Sorpii and AE Aquarii white dwarf pulsars recently found. SGRs/AXPs described as magnetars are much above the Hillas line and out of it is expected for normal neutron star pulsars.
description: Prepared for the Proceedings of the Conference "Compact Stars in the QCD phase diagram V", 23-27 May 2016 GSSI and LNGS, L'Aquila, Italy
Equation of state of a quark-meson mixture in the improved-PNJL model at finite chemical potential
Creators: name: Torres-Rincon, Juan M.
name: Aichelin, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equation of state of QCD using an improved version of the three-flavor Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model beyond the mean-field approximation. It incorporates the effects of unquenched quarks into the Polyakov-loop effective potential, as well as mesonic contributions to the grand-canonical potential. We study in full detail the calculation of the thermodynamical potential in this approach and compare the resulting pressure and entropy density with the most-recent lattice-QCD calculations at zero baryochemical potential. Finally, we present some exploratory results at finite chemical potential which include the phase diagram of the model, the quark and meson masses, and finally, the thermodynamical pressure.
description: 44 pages, 23 figures. Small improvements and more explanations added. Reference list updated. Comparison with recent lattice-QCD results incorporated. Version accepted by the Physical Review C journal
Exploring dust around HD142527 down to 0.025" / 4au using SPHERE/ZIMPOL
Creators: name: Avenhaus, H.
name: Quanz, S. P.
name: Schmid, H. M.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Stolker, T.
name: Ginski, C.
name: de Boer, J.
name: Szulágyi, J.
name: Garufi, A.
name: Zurlo, A.
name: Hagelberg, J.
name: Benisty, M.
name: Henning, T.
name: Ménard, F.
name: Meyer, M. R.
name: Baruffolo, A.
name: Bazzon, A.
name: Beuzit, J. L.
name: Costille, A.
name: Dohlen, K.
name: Girard, J. H.
name: Gisler, D.
name: Kasper, M.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Pragt, J.
name: Roelfsema, R.
name: Salasnich, B.
name: Sauvage, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the protoplanetary disk of the well-known young Herbig star HD 142527 using ZIMPOL Polarimetric Differential Imaging with the VBB (Very Broad Band, ~600-900nm) filter. We obtained two datasets in May 2015 and March 2016. Our data allow us to explore dust scattering around the star down to a radius of ~0.025" (~4au). The well-known outer disk is clearly detected, at higher resolution than before, and shows previously unknown sub-structures, including spirals going inwards into the cavity. Close to the star, dust scattering is detected at high signal-to-noise ratio, but it is unclear whether the signal represents the inner disk, which has been linked to the two prominent local minima in the scattering of the outer disk, interpreted as shadows. An interpretation of an inclined inner disk combined with a dust halo is compatible with both our and previous observations, but other arrangements of the dust cannot be ruled out. Dust scattering is also present within the large gap between ~30 and ~140au. The comparison of the two datasets suggests rapid evolution of the inner regions of the disk, potentially driven by the interaction with the close-in M-dwarf companion, around which no polarimetric signal is detected.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Random growth lattice filling model of percolation: a crossover from continuous to discontinuous transition
Creators: name: Roy, Bappaditya
name: Santra, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A random growth lattice filling model of percolation with touch and stop growth rule is developed and studied numerically on a two dimensional square lattice. Nucleation centers are continuously added one at a time to the empty sites and the clusters are grown from these nucleation centers with a tunable growth probability g. As the growth probability g is varied from 0 to 1 two distinct regimes are found to occur. For g\le 0.5, the model exhibits continuous percolation transitions as ordinary percolation whereas for g\ge 0.8 the model exhibits discontinuous percolation transitions. The discontinuous transition is characterized by discontinuous jump in the order parameter, compact spanning cluster and absence of power law scaling of cluster size distribution. Instead of a sharp tricritical point, a tricritical region is found to occur for 0.5 < g < 0.8 within which the values of the critical exponents change continuously till the crossover from continuous to discontinuous transition is completed.
description: 8 pages, 21 figures
SOP: ASCT+B Table Communications
Creators: name: Record, Elizabeth
name: Quardokus, Ellen M.
name: Sydykanova, Medina
name: Borner, Katy
name: Godwin, Leah L.
name: Martindale, Matthew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: HuBMAP
SOP

description: This SOP describes procedures for communicating with those involved in the effort to develop tables that document agreed-upon naming conventions for Anatomical Structures (AS), Cell Types (CT), and Biomarkers (B) tables and associated 3D reference organs authored by multiple consortia to support a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF) and Human Reference Atlas (HRA). The effort is led by a cross-consortium open working group (WG), organized under the auspices of the HuBMAP consortium. This SOP documents the timing, tools, and processes used to communicate with members of this working group and is designed for administrative staff from the Indiana University Mapping Component (MC-IU) of the HuBMAP HIVE who support this working group.
SOP: ASCT+B Table Communications
Creators: name: Record, Elizabeth
name: Quardokus, Ellen M.
name: Martindale, Matthew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: HuBMAP
SOP

description: This SOP describes procedures for communicating with those involved in the effort to develop tables that document agreed-upon naming conventions for Anatomical Structures (AS), Cell Types (CT), and Biomarkers (B) tables and associated digital objects authored by multiple consortia to support a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF) and Human Reference Atlas (HRA). The effort is led by a cross-consortium open working group (WG), organized under the auspices of the HuBMAP consortium. This SOP documents the timing, tools, and processes used to communicate with members of this working group. The primary audience for this SOP is the administrative staff from the Indiana University Mapping Component (MC-IU) of the HuBMAP HIVE who support this working group.
Debitor/Restanceregistret
Creators: SKAT
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: -	Samlet overblik over virksomhedernes mellemværender med SKAT
-	Kontrol med rettidig modtagelse af afvigelser
-	Grundlag for skatteregionernes styring af kontrollen med og udbetaling af negative angivelser
-	Sikre revisionsmuligheder på alle niveauer i systemet
SOP: ASCT+B Table Working Group Communications
Creators: name: Record, Elizabeth
name: Quardokus, Ellen M.
name: Martindale, Matthew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: HuBMAP
SOP

description: This SOP describes procedures for communicating with those involved in the effort to develop tables that document agreed-upon naming conventions for Anatomical Structures (AS), Cell Types (CT), and Biomarkers (B) tables and associated digital objects authored by multiple consortia to support a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF) and Human Reference Atlas (HRA). The effort is led by a cross-consortium open working group (WG), organized under the auspices of the HuBMAP consortium. This SOP documents the timing, tools, and processes used to communicate with members of this working group. The primary audience for this SOP is the administrative staff from the Indiana University Mapping Component (MC-IU) of the HuBMAP HIVE who support this working group.
Existence of a critical layer thickness in PS/PMMA nanolayered films
Creators: name: Bironeau, Adrien
name: Salez, Thomas
name: Miquelard-Garnier, Guillaume
name: Sollogoub, Cyrille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental study was carried out to investigate the existence of a critical layer thickness in nanolayer coextrusion, under which no continuous layer is observed. Polymer films containing thousands of layers of alternating polymers with individual layer thicknesses below 100 nm have been prepared by coextrusion through a series of layer multiplying elements. Different films composed of alternating layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) were fabricated with the aim to reach individual layer thicknesses as small as possible, varying the number of layers, the mass composition of both components and the final total thickness of the film. Films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a statistical analysis was used to determine the distribution in layer thicknesses and the continuity of layers. For the PS/PMMA nanolayered systems, results point out the existence of a critical layer thickness around 10 nm, below which the layers break up. This critical layer thickness is reached regardless of the processing route, suggesting it might be dependent only on material characteristics but not on process parameters. We propose this breakup phenomenon is due to small interfacial perturbations that are amplified by (van der Waals) disjoining forces.
Importance of resolving the spectral support of beam-plasma instabilities in simulations
Creators: name: Shalaby, Mohamad
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Chang, Philip
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Lamberts, Astrid
name: Puchwein, Ewald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many astrophysical plasmas are prone to beam-plasma instabilities. For relativistic and dilute beams, the {\it spectral} support of the beam-plasma instabilities is narrow, i.e., the linearly unstable modes that grow with rates comparable to the maximum growth rate occupy a narrow range of wave numbers. This places stringent requirements on the box-sizes when simulating the evolution of the instabilities. We identify the implied lower limits on the box size imposed by the longitudinal beam plasma instability, i.e., typically the most stringent condition required to correctly capture the linear evolution of the instabilities in multidimensional simulations. We find that sizes many orders of magnitude larger than the resonant wavelength are typically required. Using one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the failure to sufficiently resolve the spectral support of the longitudinal instability yields slower growth and lower levels of saturation, potentially leading to erroneous physical conclusion.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, accepted by ApJ
Sprog og Sociale Medier i Familien
Creators: Det Humanistriske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
Andreas Candefors Stæhr, Institut for Nordiske Studier og Sprogvidenskab
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Sociale medier udgør i dag en almindelig del af både unge og voksnes hverdagskommunikation. På trods af dette har vi kun begrænset viden om, hvordan digital kommunikation på sociale medier påvirker familielivet. Gennem etnografiske observationer og analyser af forskellige familiemedlemmers digitalmedierede hverdagssprogbrug undersøger dette projekt, hvilke
kommunikative funktioner socialemedier udfylder i 14 forskellige familier. Familierne er udvalgt blandt unge i to gymnasieklasser. Ved at analysere hvordan disse familier rent faktisk bruger og taler om sociale medier, undersøger projektet også hvordan sociale medier påvirker familie socialisering –altså de sproglige og social aktiviteter og kulturer, der konstituerer en familie. Projektet biddrager således ikke kun med ny viden til forskning, men også med betydelig viden om sociale medier og familieliv generelt.
Quantized transport, strain-induced perfectly conducting modes and valley filtering on shape-optimized graphene Corbino devices
Creators: name: Jones, Gareth W.
name: Bahamon, D. A.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Pereira, Vitor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme mechanical resilience of graphene and the peculiar coupling it hosts between lattice and electronic degrees of freedom have spawned a strong impetus towards strain-engineered graphene where, on the one hand, strain augments the richness of its phenomenology and makes possible new concepts for electronic devices and, on the other hand, new and extreme physics might take place. Here, we demonstrate that the shape of substrates supporting graphene sheets can be optimized for approachable experiments where strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields (PMF) can be tailored by pressure for directionally selective electronic transmission and pinching-off of current flow down to the quantum channel limit. The Corbino-type layout explored here furthermore allows filtering of charge carriers according to valley and current direction, which can be used to inject or collect valley-polarized currents, thus realizing one of the basic elements required for valleytronics. Our results are based on a framework developed to realistically determine the combination of strain, external parameters, and geometry optimally compatible with the target spatial profile of a desired physical property --- the PMF in this case. Characteristic conductance profiles are analyzed through quantum transport calculations on large graphene devices having the optimal shape.
description: 5+7 figures. Supporting information included
Negative mass hydrodynamics in a Spin-Orbit--Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Khamehchi, M. A.
name: Hossain, Khalid
name: Mossman, M. E.
name: Zhang, Yongping
name: Busch, Th.
name: Forbes, Michael McNeil
name: Engels, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A negative effective mass can be realized in quantum systems by engineering the dispersion relation. A powerful method is provided by spin-orbit coupling, which is currently at the center of intense research efforts. Here we measure an expanding spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate whose dispersion features a region of negative effective mass. We observe a range of dynamical phenomena, including the breaking of parity and of Galilean covariance, dynamical instabilities, and self-trapping. The experimental findings are reproduced by a single-band Gross-Pitaevskii simulation, demonstrating that the emerging features - shockwaves, soliton trains, self-trapping, etc. - originate from a modified dispersion. Our work also sheds new light on related phenomena in optical lattices, where the underlying periodic structure often complicates their interpretation.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures: Minor updated bringing this in line with published version
Time-dependent analysis of the mixed-field orientation of molecules without rotational symmetry
Creators: name: Thesing, Linda V.
name: Küpper, Jochen
name: González-Férez, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the mixed-field orientation of molecules without rotational symmetry. The time-dependent one-dimensional and three-dimensional orientation of a thermal ensemble of 6-chloropyridazine-3-carbonitrile molecules in combined linearly or elliptically polarized laser fields and tilted dc electric fields is computed. The results are in good agreement with recent experimental results of one-dimensional orientation for weak dc electric fields [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234313 (2013)]. Moreover, they predict that using elliptically polarized laser fields or strong dc fields three-dimensional orientation is obtained. The field-dressed dynamics of excited rotational states is characterized by highly non-adiabatic effects. We analyze the sources of these non-adiabatic effects and investigate their impact on the mixed-field orientation for different field configurations in mixed-field-orientation experiments.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, 4 movies and a description of these movies (CPC_paper_SI.pdf) as supplementary material; corrected typos, additional information in the caption of table 1
Serampore Initiativet
Creators: Nationalmuseet
Københavns Universitet
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Serampore Initiativet blev grundlagt af Nationalmuseet i 2008 med det formål atdokumentere og bevare den fysiske kulturarv fra den danske periode i Serampore 1755-1845. Desuden skulle Initiativet skabe ny viden om og udbrede kendskabet til Serampore gennem forskning i og formidling af den fælles dansk-indiske historie.

Projektet faldt i 3 faser:
2008-2010: Forstudie (med økonomisk støtte fra Realdania)
2012-2020: Hovedfase 1, Nationalmuseet i partnerskab med Realdania (finansiering: Realdania, Kulturministeriet mfl)
2020-2022: Hovedfase 2, Københavns Universitet (finansiering: Realdania)
Minimal sufficient statistical experiments on von Neumann algebras
Creators: name: Kuramochi, Yui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A statistical experiment on a von Neumann algebra is a parametrized family of normal states on the algebra. This paper introduces the concept of minimal sufficiency for statistical experiments in such operator algebraic situations. We define equivalence relations of statistical experiments indexed by a common parameter set by completely positive or Schwarz coarse-graining and show that any statistical experiment is equivalent to a minimal sufficient statistical experiment unique up to normal isomorphism of outcome algebras. We also establish the relationship between the minimal sufficiency condition for statistical experiment in this paper and those for subalgebra. These concepts and results are applied to the concatenation relation for completely positive channels with general input and outcome von Neumann algebras. In the case of the quantum-classical channel corresponding to the positive-operator valued measure (POVM), we prove the equivalence of the minimal sufficient condition previously proposed by the author and that in this paper. We also give a characterization of the discreteness of a POVM up to postprocessing equivalence in terms of the corresponding quantum-classical channel.
description: 28 pages. Example 1 is added. Typos are corrected
Polynomial solution of quantum Grassmann matrices
Creators: name: Tierz, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of quantum mechanical fermions with matrix-like index structure (with indices $N$ and $L$) and quartic interactions, recently introduced by Anninos and Silva. We compute the partition function exactly with $q$-deformed orthogonal polynomials (Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials), for different values of $L$ and arbitrary $N$. From the explicit evaluation of the thermal partition function, the energy levels and degeneracies are determined. For a given $L$, the number of states of different energy is quadratic in $N$, which implies an exponential degeneracy of the energy levels. We also show that at high-temperature we have a Gaussian matrix model, which implies a symmetry that swaps $N$ and $L$, together with a Wick rotation of the spectral parameter. In this limit, we also write the partition function, for generic $L$ and $N,$ in terms of a single generalized Hermite polynomial.
description: 16 pages, 1 Mathematica file. v2: typos corrected, published version
Homological properties of quantum permutation algebras
Creators: name: Bichon, Julien
name: Franz, Uwe
name: Gerhold, Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that $A_s(n)$, the coordinate algebra of Wang's quantum permutation group, is Calabi-Yau of dimension $3$ when $n\geq 4$, and compute its Hochschild cohomology with trivial coefficients. We also show that, for a larger class of quantum permutation algebras, including those representing quantum symmetry groups of finite graphs, the second Hochschild cohomology group with trivial coefficients vanishes, and hence these algebras have the AC property considered in quantum probability: all cocycles can be completed to a Schürmann triple.
description: Minor revision, 17 pages
Diverse Weighted Bipartite b-Matching
Creators: name: Ahmed, Faez
name: Dickerson, John P.
name: Fuge, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bipartite matching, where agents on one side of a market are matched to agents or items on the other, is a classical problem in computer science and economics, with widespread application in healthcare, education, advertising, and general resource allocation. A practitioner's goal is typically to maximize a matching market's economic efficiency, possibly subject to some fairness requirements that promote equal access to resources. A natural balancing act exists between fairness and efficiency in matching markets, and has been the subject of much research. In this paper, we study a complementary goal---balancing diversity and efficiency---in a generalization of bipartite matching where agents on one side of the market can be matched to sets of agents on the other. Adapting a classical definition of the diversity of a set, we propose a quadratic programming-based approach to solving a supermodular minimization problem that balances diversity and total weight of the solution. We also provide a scalable greedy algorithm with theoretical performance bounds. We then define the price of diversity, a measure of the efficiency loss due to enforcing diversity, and give a worst-case theoretical bound. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our methods on three real-world datasets, and show that the price of diversity is not bad in practice.
Superpixels: An Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art
Creators: name: Stutz, David
name: Hermans, Alexander
name: Leibe, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Superpixels group perceptually similar pixels to create visually meaningful entities while heavily reducing the number of primitives for subsequent processing steps. As of these properties, superpixel algorithms have received much attention since their naming in 2003. By today, publicly available superpixel algorithms have turned into standard tools in low-level vision. As such, and due to their quick adoption in a wide range of applications, appropriate benchmarks are crucial for algorithm selection and comparison. Until now, the rapidly growing number of algorithms as well as varying experimental setups hindered the development of a unifying benchmark. We present a comprehensive evaluation of 28 state-of-the-art superpixel algorithms utilizing a benchmark focussing on fair comparison and designed to provide new insights relevant for applications. To this end, we explicitly discuss parameter optimization and the importance of strictly enforcing connectivity. Furthermore, by extending well-known metrics, we are able to summarize algorithm performance independent of the number of generated superpixels, thereby overcoming a major limitation of available benchmarks. Furthermore, we discuss runtime, robustness against noise, blur and affine transformations, implementation details as well as aspects of visual quality. Finally, we present an overall ranking of superpixel algorithms which redefines the state-of-the-art and enables researchers to easily select appropriate algorithms and the corresponding implementations which themselves are made publicly available as part of our benchmark at davidstutz.de/projects/superpixel-benchmark/.
Sundhedsstyrelsens Centrale Odontologiske Register
Creators: Sundhedsdatastyrelsen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: I 1972 blev der indført børnetandpleje i Danmark, og børns tandsundhed blev en gang årligt systematisk registreret og indberettet til Sundhedsstyrelsens Centrale Odontologiske Register (SCOR). Formålet er blandt andet at forebygge tandsygdomme og øge tandsundheden.
Comparing Neutron Star Kicks to Supernova Remnant Asymmetries
Creators: name: Holland-Ashford, Tyler
name: Lopez, Laura A.
name: Auchettl, Katie
name: Temim, Tea
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova explosions are inherently asymmetric and can accelerate new-born neutron stars (NSs) to hundreds of km/s. Two prevailing theories to explain NS kicks are ejecta asymmetries (e.g., conservation of momentum between NS and ejecta) and anisotropic neutrino emission. Observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) can give us insights into the mechanism that generates these NS kicks. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between NS kick velocities and the X-ray morphologies of 18 SNRs observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Rontgen Satellite (ROSAT). We measure SNR asymmetries using the power-ratio method (a multipole expansion technique), focusing on the dipole, quadrupole, and octupole power-ratios. Our results show no correlation between the magnitude of the power-ratios and NS kick velocities, but we find that for Cas A and G292.0+1.8, whose emission traces the ejecta distribution, their NSs are preferentially moving opposite to the bulk of the X-ray emission. In addition, we find a similar result for PKS 1209-51, CTB 109, and Puppis A; however their emission is dominated by circumstellar/interstellar material, so their asymmetries may not reflect their ejecta distributions. Our results are consistent with the theory that NS kicks are a consequence of ejecta asymmetries as opposed to anisotropic neutrino emission. In the future, additional observations to measure NS proper motions within ejecta-dominated SNRs are necessary to constrain robustly the NS kick mechanism.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted to ApJ
Probing dark matter substructure in the gravitational lens HE0435-1223 with the WFC3 grism
Creators: name: Nierenberg, A. M.
name: Treu, T.
name: Brammer, G.
name: Peter, A. H. G.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Keeton, C. R.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Schmidt, K. B.
name: Sluse, D.
name: Wright, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing provides a powerful test of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) as it enables the detection and mass measurement of low mass haloes even if they do not contain baryons. Compact lensed sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are particularly sensitive to perturbing subhalos, but their use as a test of CDM has been limited by the small number of systems which have significant radio emission which is extended enough avoid significant lensing by stars in the plane of the lens galaxy, and red enough to be minimally affected by differential dust extinction. Narrow-line emission is a promising alternative as it is also extended and, unlike radio, detectable in virtually all optically selected AGN lenses. We present first results from a WFC3 grism narrow-line survey of lensed quasars, for the quadruply lensed AGN HE0435-1223. Using a forward modelling pipeline which enables us to robustly account for spatial blending, we measure the [OIII] 5007 Å~ flux ratios of the four images. We find that the [OIII] fluxes and positions are well fit by a simple smooth mass model for the main lens. Our data rule out a $M_{600}>10^{8} (10^{7.2}) M_\odot$ NFW perturber projected within $\sim$1\farcs0 (0\farcs1) arcseconds of each of the lensed images, where $M_{600}$ is the perturber mass within its central 600 pc. The non-detection is broadly consistent with the expectations of $Λ$CDM for a single system. The sensitivity achieved demonstrates that powerful limits on the nature of dark matter can be obtained with the analysis of $\sim20$ narrow-line lenses.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 15 pages, 8 figures
Encoding qubits into oscillators with atomic ensembles and squeezed light
Creators: name: Motes, Keith R.
name: Baragiola, Ben Q.
name: Gilchrist, Alexei
name: Menicucci, Nicolas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit within an oscillator provides a number of advantages when used in a fault-tolerant architecture for quantum computing, most notably that Gaussian operations suffice to implement all single- and two-qubit Clifford gates. The main drawback of the encoding is that the logical states themselves are challenging to produce. Here we present a method for generating optical GKP-encoded qubits by coupling an atomic ensemble to a squeezed state of light. Particular outcomes of a subsequent spin measurement of the ensemble herald successful generation of the resource state in the optical mode. We analyze the method in terms of the resources required (total spin and amount of squeezing) and the probability of success. We propose a physical implementation using a Faraday-based quantum non-demolition interaction.
description: (v2) consistent with published version; (v1) 16 pages, 5 figures
Kortlægning af hjemløshed 2019
Creators: VIVE - Det Nationale Forsknings- ogAnalysecenter for Velfærd
Lars Benjaminsen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Kortlægning af hjemløshed 2019 er en undersøgelse af omfanget og karakteren af hjemløshed i Danmark i uge 6, 2019.Kortlægningen tegner et billede af omfanget af hjemløsheden fordelt på en række forskellige hjemløshedssituationer, som fx dem der overnatter på gaden, herberg eller midlertidigthos familie og venner. Der tegnes også et billede af profilen af de borgere, der befandt sig i enhjemløshedssituation i opgørelsesugen, fx iforhold til demografiske karakteristika, helbredsproblemer og forsørgelsesgrundlag.Omfanget af hjemløsheden opgøres såvel på landsplan, som i de enkelte kommuner ogregioner.
Multiplicity Derivative: A new signature of first order phase transition in intermediate energy heavy ion collision
Creators: name: Mallik, S.
name: Chaudhuri, G.
name: Das, P.
name: Gupta, S Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement of M, the total multiplicity, for central collision between comparable mass heavy ions can provide a signature for first order phase transition. The derivative of M with respect to E*/A where E* is the excitation energy in the centre of mass and A the total mass of the dissociating system is expected to go through maximum as a function of E*. Theoretical modelling shows that this is the energy where the specific heat Cv maximizes which typically happens at first order phase transition. The measurement of total M is probably feasible in more than one laboratory.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
3D fully convolutional networks for subcortical segmentation in MRI: A large-scale study
Creators: name: Dolz, J.
name: Desrosiers, C.
name: Ayed, I. Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study investigates a 3D and fully convolutional neural network (CNN) for subcortical brain structure segmentation in MRI. 3D CNN architectures have been generally avoided due to their computational and memory requirements during inference. We address the problem via small kernels, allowing deeper architectures. We further model both local and global context by embedding intermediate-layer outputs in the final prediction, which encourages consistency between features extracted at different scales and embeds fine-grained information directly in the segmentation process. Our model is efficiently trained end-to-end on a graphics processing unit (GPU), in a single stage, exploiting the dense inference capabilities of fully CNNs. We performed comprehensive experiments over two publicly available datasets. First, we demonstrate a state-of-the-art performance on the ISBR dataset. Then, we report a {\em large-scale} multi-site evaluation over 1112 unregistered subject datasets acquired from 17 different sites (ABIDE dataset), with ages ranging from 7 to 64 years, showing that our method is robust to various acquisition protocols, demographics and clinical factors. Our method yielded segmentations that are highly consistent with a standard atlas-based approach, while running in a fraction of the time needed by atlas-based methods and avoiding registration/normalization steps. This makes it convenient for massive multi-site neuroanatomical imaging studies. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to study subcortical structure segmentation on such large-scale and heterogeneous data.
description: Accepted in the special issue of Neuroimage: "Brain Segmentation and Parcellation"
Sammen ud af ledighed
Creators: Statens Institut for Folkesundhed
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Projektet har overordnet til formål at kortlægge sundhedskompetencer blandt udsatte ledige i Høje Taastrup Kommune og udvikle og teste indsatser til forbedring og håndtering af sundhedskompetencer blandt udsatte ledige med formål at få dem i beskæftigelse. Projektet vil ligeledes styrke sammenhængen i behandlingsforløb for de udsatte ledige, ved at inkorporere disses egne perspektiver på
forløbet.
A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock
Creators: name: Campbell, S. L.
name: Hutson, R. B.
name: Marti, G. E.
name: Goban, A.
name: Oppong, N. Darkwah
name: McNally, R. L.
name: Sonderhouse, L.
name: Robinson, J. M.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Bloom, B. J.
name: Ye, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of atoms with a high spectroscopic quality factor of $4 \times 10^{-17}$. Previously, atomic interactions have forced a compromise between clock stability, which benefits from a large atom number, and accuracy, which suffers from density-dependent frequency shifts. Here, we demonstrate a scalable solution which takes advantage of the high, correlated density of a degenerate Fermi gas in a three-dimensional optical lattice to guard against on-site interaction shifts. We show that contact interactions are resolved so that their contribution to clock shifts is orders of magnitude lower than in previous experiments. A synchronous clock comparison between two regions of the 3D lattice yields a $5 \times 10^{-19}$ measurement precision in 1 hour of averaging time.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Materials
Real-time Hand Tracking under Occlusion from an Egocentric RGB-D Sensor
Creators: name: Mueller, Franziska
name: Mehta, Dushyant
name: Sotnychenko, Oleksandr
name: Sridhar, Srinath
name: Casas, Dan
name: Theobalt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an approach for real-time, robust and accurate hand pose estimation from moving egocentric RGB-D cameras in cluttered real environments. Existing methods typically fail for hand-object interactions in cluttered scenes imaged from egocentric viewpoints, common for virtual or augmented reality applications. Our approach uses two subsequently applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to localize the hand and regress 3D joint locations. Hand localization is achieved by using a CNN to estimate the 2D position of the hand center in the input, even in the presence of clutter and occlusions. The localized hand position, together with the corresponding input depth value, is used to generate a normalized cropped image that is fed into a second CNN to regress relative 3D hand joint locations in real time. For added accuracy, robustness and temporal stability, we refine the pose estimates using a kinematic pose tracking energy. To train the CNNs, we introduce a new photorealistic dataset that uses a merged reality approach to capture and synthesize large amounts of annotated data of natural hand interaction in cluttered scenes. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluation, we show that our method is robust to self-occlusion and occlusions by objects, particularly in moving egocentric perspectives.
description: Accepted at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2017