cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Models and probes of the early and dark Universe : inflation and 21-cm radiation in cosmology
Creators: name: Sitwell, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The prevailing model of modern cosmology stipulates the existence of exotic substances such as dark matter and dark energy and events such as inflation. However, their underlying nature is not currently known. In this thesis, we explore new models and measurement techniques that may be used to characterize their cosmological effects and shed light on their inner workings. A model of inflation driven by a substance that may be described macroscopically as a cosmological elastic solid is studied. The proper techniques for the quantization of perturbations within the elastic solid are presented. We find that a sufficiently rigid elastic solid with slowly varying sound speeds can produce an inflationary period. Interestingly, we find models where the elastic solid has an equation of state significantly greater than -1 that nevertheless produces nearly scale-invariant scalar and tensor spectra. The remaining chapters of this thesis concern the use of 21-cm radiation as a probe of the physics of dark matter and dark energy. The effects of warm dark matter on the highly-redshifted 21-cm signal is examined. If dark matter is warm instead of cold, its non-negligible velocities may inhibit the formation of low-mass halos, thereby delaying star-formation, which may delay the emission and absorption signals expected in the mean 21-cm signal. The effects of warm dark matter on both the mean 21-cm signal, as well as on its power spectrum, are described and degeneracies between the effects of warm dark matter and other astrophysical parameters are quantified. One of the primary goals of 21-cm radiation intensity mapping is to measure baryon acoustic oscillations over a wide range of redshifts to constrain the properties of dark energy from the expansion history of the late-time Universe. We forecast the constraining power of the CHIME radio telescope on the matter power spectrum and dark energy parameters. Lastly, we devise new calibration algorithms for the gains of an interferometric radio telescope such as CHIME.
Thread-parallel mesh generation and improvement using face-edge swapping and vertex insertion
Creators: name: Zangeneh, Reza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The purpose of this thesis is three-fold. First, we devise a memory model for unstructured mesh data for efficient use of memory on parallel shared memory architectures with the purpose of lowering the synchronization overhead between threads and also excluding the probability of occurring race conditions. Second, we present a new thread-parallel edge and face swapping algorithm for two and three dimensional meshes using OpenMP for shared memory architectures. We show how removing the conflicts from the reconfiguration procedure by applying a vertex locking strategy can result in a near linear speed-up with parallel efficiency of close to one on two threads and 70% with sixteen threads on shared-memory processors. Finally, we derive a parallel mesh generation and refinement module for shared memory architectures based on pre-existing serial modules — GRUMMP — by implementing Chernikov and Chrisochoides’ parallel insertion algorithm along with the two above tools. Experiments show a worst case parallel efficiency of 60% for parallel refinement with 16 threads.
Von Neumann's 'No Hidden Variables' Proof: A Re-Appraisal
Creators: name: Bub, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the analysis by John Bell in 1965, the consensus in the literature is that von Neumann's 'no hidden variables' proof fails to exclude any significant class of hidden variables. Bell raised the question whether it could be shown that any hidden variable theory would have to be nonlocal, and in this sense 'like Bohm's theory.' His seminal result provides a positive answer to the question. I argue that Bell's analysis misconstrues von Neumann's argument. What von Neumann proved was the impossibility of recovering the quantum probabilities from a hidden variable theory of dispersion free (deterministic) states in which the quantum observables are represented as the 'beables' of the theory, to use Bell's term. That is, the quantum probabilities could not reflect the distribution of pre-measurement values of beables, but would have to be derived in some other way, e.g., as in Bohm's theory, where the probabilities are an artefact of a dynamical process that is not in fact a measurement of any beable of the system.
description: 8 pages, no figures; for Peter Mittelstaedt Festschrift issue of Foundations of Physics
การบริหารจัดการงานวิชาการกับการเสริมสร้างค่านิยมหลักของคนไทย 12 ประการ ตามนโยบายของคณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติ ของโรงเรียนเอกชนระดับประถมศึกษา กลุ่มโรงเรียนในเครือโรงเรียนสารสาสน์ เขตกรุงเทพมหานคร
Creators: name: ศุภสุตา วิทย์ศาสตร์
name: สุนันทา แก้วสุข
name: กริช ภัทรภาคิน
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏธนบุรี
Year: 2018
Subjects: การบริหารจัดการงานวิชาการ
ค่านิยมหลักของคนไทย 12 ประการ

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร สาขามนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์, 3, 2, 13-27
Could the real (not virtual) static observer exist outside a Schwarzschild black hole?
Creators: name: Berezin, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this Letter is rather pedagogical. We considered the static spherically symmetric ensemble of observers, having finite bare mass and trying to measure geometrical and physical properties of the environmental static (Schwarzschild) space-time. It is shown that, using the photon rockets (which the mass together with the mass of their fuel is also taken into account) they can managed to keep themselves on the fixed value of radius. The process of diminishing the total bare mass up to zero lasts infinitely long time. It is important that the problem is solved self-consistently, i.e., with full account for the back reaction of both bare mass and radiation from rockets on the space-time geometry.
description: 7 pages
Differentiable matrix product states for simulating variational quantum computational chemistry
Creators: name: Guo, Chu
name: Fan, Yi
name: Xu, Zhiqian
name: Shang, Honghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Computing is believed to be the ultimate solution for quantum chemistry problems. Before the advent of large-scale, fully fault-tolerant quantum computers, the variational quantum eigensolver~(VQE) is a promising heuristic quantum algorithm to solve real world quantum chemistry problems on near-term noisy quantum computers. Here we propose a highly parallelizable classical simulator for VQE based on the matrix product state representation of quantum state, which significantly extend the simulation range of the existing simulators. Our simulator seamlessly integrates the quantum circuit evolution into the classical auto-differentiation framework, thus the gradients could be computed efficiently similar to the classical deep neural network, with a scaling that is independent of the number of variational parameters. As applications, we use our simulator to study commonly used small molecules such as HF, HCl, LiH and H$_2$O, as well as larger molecules CO$_2$, BeH$_2$ and H$_4$ with up to $40$ qubits. The favorable scaling of our simulator against the number of qubits and the number of parameters could make it an ideal testing ground for near-term quantum algorithms and a perfect benchmarking baseline for oncoming large scale VQE experiments on noisy quantum computers.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
แนวทางการตลาดของแป้งกล้วยเชิงพาณิชย์ในธุรกิจเบเกอรี่
Creators: name: พัชรินทร์พร ภู่อภิสิทธิ์
name: ขวัญฤทัย วงศ์กำแหงหาญ
name: จิรพร มหาอินทร์
name: ผุสสดี วัฒนเมธา
name: อนงค์ ไต่วัลย์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร
Year: 2018
Subjects: ปัจจัยส่วนประสมการตลาด
ปัจจัยองค์การ
แป้งกล้วย
ธุรกิจเบเกอรี

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร สาขามนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์, 3, 2, 28-41
title: Territorial Science Echo
title: Demographie und Migration: Anziehung versus Schrumpfung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Nienaber, Birte
name: Hamez, Grégory
name: Mangels, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Trier University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Großregion
subject: Rheinland-Pfalz
subject: Saarland
subject: Lothringen
subject: Luxemburg
subject: Bevölkerungsentwicklung
subject: Migration
subject: Lorraine
subject: Luxembourg
subject: demographic development
subject: migration
subject: Rhénanie-Palatinat
subject: les tendances démographiques
subject: Sarre

description: Das Working Paper beleuchtet den Themenbereich ‚Demografie und Migration‘ und arbeitet Herausforderungen für die Raumentwicklung der Großregion ab. Insbesondere legt es einen Fokus auf die grenzüberschreitende Wohnmobilität an den Grenzen des Großherzogtums; die Bevölkerungsalterung und die Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge im Gesundheitsbereich in ländlichen Gebieten.
Dirac Kondo effect under magnetic catalysis
Creators: name: Hattori, Koichi
name: Suenaga, Daiki
name: Suzuki, Kei
name: Yasui, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a mean-field theory of a novel Kondo effect emerging in systems without a Fermi surface, which instead emerges under strong magnetic fields. We determine the magnitude of the Kondo condensate which is a particle pairing composed of conducting Dirac fermions and localized impurities. We focus on the competition between the Kondo effect and the energy gap formation that stems from the pairing among the Dirac fermions leading to the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. We find that this competition induces a quantum critical point. We also investigate finite-temperature effects. This system at vanishing fermion density can be studied with Monte Carlo lattice simulations which do not suffer from the sign problem.
description: Extended discussions and appendices. To appear in PRB
Non-Supersymmetric AdS from String Theory
Creators: name: Baykara, Zihni Kaan
name: Robbins, Daniel
name: Sethi, Savdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct non-supersymmetric AdS3 solutions of the O(16)xO(16) heterotic string. Most of the backgrounds have a classical worldsheet definition but are quantum string vacua in the sense that string loop corrections change the curvature of spacetime. At one-loop, the change in the cosmological constant is positive but never sufficient to uplift to de Sitter space. By computing the spectrum of spacetime scalars, we show that there are no tachyons below the BF bound. We also show that there is a solution with no spacetime NS-NS flux. This background has no classical string limit. Surprisingly, there appears to be parametric control over these constructions, which provide a framework for exploring quantum gravity and holography without supersymmetry.
description: 29 pages + 26 pages appendices; Mathematica file included; v2: references added
The Morphology of IRC +10420's Circumstellar Ejecta
Creators: name: Tiffany, Chelsea
name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
name: Jones, Terry J.
name: Davidson, Kris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images of the circumstellar ejecta associated with the post-red supergiant IRC +10420 show a complex ejecta with visual evidence for episodic mass loss. In this paper we describe the transverse motions of numerous knots, arcs and condensations in the inner ejecta measured from second epoch {\it HST/WFPC2} images. When combined with the radial motions for several of the features, the total space motion and direction of the outflows show that they were ejected at different times, in different directions, and presumably from separate regions on the surface of the star. These discrete structures in the ejecta are kinematically distinct from the general expansion of the nebula and their motions are dominated by their transverse velocities. They are apparently all moving within a few degrees of the plane of the sky. We are thus viewing IRC +10420 nearly pole-on and looking nearly directly down onto its equatorial plane. We also discuss the role of surface activity and magnetic fields on IRC +10420's recent mass loss history.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Mechanics of geodesics in Information geometry and Black Hole Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Chanda, Sumanto
name: Wada, Tatsuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article we shall discuss the theory of geodesics in information geometry, and an application in astrophysics. We will study how gradient flows in information geometry describe geodesics, explore the related mechanics by introducing a constraint, and apply our theory to Gaussian model and black hole thermodynamics. Thus, we demonstrate how deformation of gradient flows leads to more general Randers-Finsler metrics, describe Hamiltonian mechanics that derive from a constraint, and prove duality via canonical transformation. We also verified our theories for a deformation of the Gaussian model, and described dynamical evolution of flat metrics for Kerr and Reissner-Nordström black holes.
description: 24 pages. Corrections made. New section and 2 references added. Please comment
Domain Filtering Consistencies
Creators: name: Bessiere, C.
name: Debruyne, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enforcing local consistencies is one of the main features of constraint reasoning. Which level of local consistency should be used when searching for solutions in a constraint network is a basic question. Arc consistency and partial forms of arc consistency have been widely studied, and have been known for sometime through the forward checking or the MAC search algorithms. Until recently, stronger forms of local consistency remained limited to those that change the structure of the constraint graph, and thus, could not be used in practice, especially on large networks. This paper focuses on the local consistencies that are stronger than arc consistency, without changing the structure of the network, i.e., only removing inconsistent values from the domains. In the last five years, several such local consistencies have been proposed by us or by others. We make an overview of all of them, and highlight some relations between them. We compare them both theoretically and experimentally, considering their pruning efficiency and the time required to enforce them.
title: KNUST Law Journal, Vol 7 (2017): KNUST Law Journal
title: KNUST Law Journal
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: KNUST Law Journal
Publisher: name: KNUST Law Journal
Year: 2018

description: Exploring the Existence of a Distinct Body of Health Care Law in Ghana...1-33
“Seeking the Dead among the Living”: The Misconceived Quest to find the Foss v. Harbottle Rule in Ghana’s Company Law...34-53
Alternative Dispute Resolution: An Examination of the Challenges and Opportunities for Conflict Resolution in Ghana...54-71
Human Rights Education: An Evaluation of the Promotional Mandate of the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)....72-86
Impact of Information and Communication Technologies in Legal Education: A Focus on Legal Research and Teaching in Africa...87-101
The Objectives of Oil and Gas Regulation: Lessons for Ghana’s Petroleum Sector...102-133
Entropic Inequalities for a Class of Quantum Secret Sharing States
Creators: name: Sarvepalli, Pradeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that von Neumann entropy is nonmonotonic unlike Shannon entropy (which is monotonically nondecreasing). Consequently, it is difficult to relate the entropies of the subsystems of a given quantum state. In this paper, we show that if we consider quantum secret sharing states arising from a class of monotone span programs, then we can partially recover the monotonicity of entropy for the so-called unauthorized sets. Furthermore, we can show for these quantum states the entropy of the authorized sets is monotonically nonincreasing.
description: LaTex, 5 pages
MPEC 2024-C61 : 2009 EQ2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Error analysis of a class of derivative estimators for noisy signals
Creators: name: Liu, Da-Yan
name: Gibaru, Olivier
name: Perruquetti, Wilfrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent algebraic parametric estimation techniques led to point-wise derivative estimates by using only the iterated integral of a noisy observation signal. In this paper, we extend such differentiation methods by providing a larger choice of parameters in these integrals: they can be reals. For this the extension is done via a truncated Jacobi orthogonal series expansion. Then, the noise error contribution of these derivative estimations is investigated: after proving the existence of such integral with a stochastic process noise, their statistical properties (mean value, variance and covariance) are analyzed. In particular, the following important results are obtained: a) the bias error term, due to the truncation, can be reduced by tuning the parameters, b) such estimators can cope with a large class of noises for which the mean and covariance are polynomials in time (with degree smaller than the order of derivative to be estimated), c) the variance of the noise error is shown to be smaller in the case of negative real parameters than it was for integer values. Consequently, these derivative estimations can be improved by tuning the parameters according to the here obtained knowledge of the parameters' influence on the error bounds.
Metonymy in Indonesian Prefixal Word-formation
Creators: name: Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Metonymy
Word-formation
Indonesian
Indonesian prefixes
Cognitive Linguistics

description: Poster presentation for the corresponding paper. R codes and data can be accessed here or here.
description: The research associated with this topic was conducted when the author was an Indonesian language instructor staff at the School for International Training (SIT) Study Abroad in Bali, Indonesia. SIT is part of the World Learning organisation.
Schur^2-concavity properties of Gaussian measures, with applications to hypotheses testing
Creators: name: Pinelis, Iosif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60E15, 62H15, 62F05, 62G20, secondary 60D05, 62E15, 62E20, 60D05, 51F15, 53C65

description: The main results imply that the probability P(\ZZ\in A+þ) is Schur-concave/Schur-convex in (þ_1^2,\dots,þ_k^2) provided that the indicator function of a set A in \R^k is so, respectively; here, þ=(þ_1,\dots,þ_k) in \R^k and \ZZ is a standard normal random vector in \R^k. Moreover, it is shown that the Schur-concavity/Schur-convexity is strict unless the set A is equivalent to a spherically symmetric set. Applications to testing hypotheses on multivariate means are given.
Policy Recognition in the Abstract Hidden Markov Model
Creators: name: Bui, H. H.
name: Venkatesh, S.
name: West, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a method for recognising an agent's behaviour in dynamic, noisy, uncertain domains, and across multiple levels of abstraction. We term this problem on-line plan recognition under uncertainty and view it generally as probabilistic inference on the stochastic process representing the execution of the agent's plan. Our contributions in this paper are twofold. In terms of probabilistic inference, we introduce the Abstract Hidden Markov Model (AHMM), a novel type of stochastic processes, provide its dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) structure and analyse the properties of this network. We then describe an application of the Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filter to the AHMM which allows us to construct an efficient, hybrid inference method for this model. In terms of plan recognition, we propose a novel plan recognition framework based on the AHMM as the plan execution model. The Rao-Blackwellised hybrid inference for AHMM can take advantage of the independence properties inherent in a model of plan execution, leading to an algorithm for online probabilistic plan recognition that scales well with the number of levels in the plan hierarchy. This illustrates that while stochastic models for plan execution can be complex, they exhibit special structures which, if exploited, can lead to efficient plan recognition algorithms. We demonstrate the usefulness of the AHMM framework via a behaviour recognition system in a complex spatial environment using distributed video surveillance data.
Assessment of visceral pain associated with metritis in dairy cows
Creators: name: Stojkov, Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Metritis is a common disease in dairy cattle but little work has assessed pain associated with this disease. Tissue palpation is commonly used to assess pain in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate visceral pain responses during rectal and uterine palpation in healthy cows and in cows diagnosed with clinical signs of metritis. A total of 49 Holstein dairy cows (mean ± SD parity = 2.8 ± 1.8) were subjected to systematic health checks starting 3 d after parturition and continuing every 3 d for 21 d. Cows were scored for vaginal discharge (0 to 4); 13 cows showed a discharge score ≥ 2 during at least one health check and were classified as metritic and 29 cows were classified as ‘healthy’ all showing no sign of any other disease (including mastitis and lameness). Back arch and heart rate variability (HRV) before examination and during palpation were recorded using video and heart rate monitors. Back arch (cm²) on the day of diagnosis was greater in metritic versus healthy cows (1034.3 ± 72.7 cm² vs. 612.8 ± 48.7 cm²), and greater during uterine versus rectal palpation (869.2 ± 45.0 cm² vs. 777.9 ± 45.0 cm²). Heart rate frequency analysis showed that the low frequency portion (LF %) was higher in cows with metritis versus healthy cows (16.5 ± 1.2 vs. 12.9±1.0). The SD between normal to normal inter beat intervals and the root mean square of successive differences both decreased during uterine versus rectal palpation (1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1, respectively). Together, these results indicate that the inflammation associated with metritis is painful, and that the pain response can be detected during rectal and uterine palpation. Uterine palpation appears to be more aversive than rectal palpation, suggesting that the former should be avoided when possible.
Rapid Determination of Flavorings in e-Cigarette Liquid by Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Mass Spectrometry (MS) in the Quick Strip Mode
Creators: name: Lou, Xuerui
name: Li, Minglei
name: Guo, Weiwei
name: Fu, Yingjie
name: Xi, Hui
name: Li, Peng
name: Zhao, Wuduo
name: Sun, Shihao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have become popular around the world. An important reason is the variety of available flavors. However, many countries have imposed restrictions on flavor substances in E-cigarettes due to their potential health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective way to identify flavorings in E-cigarette liquids. In this work, direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) in the quick strip (QS) mode was developed and applied to determine flavorings in the E-cigarettes. Vanillin, ethyl vanillin, maltol, and ethyl maltol were quantified. Meanwhile, the ionization efficiency of flavorings in the different solvents was compared in the QS mode, which revealed that the solvent boiling point was related to the analyte ionization efficiency. The effect of endogenous matrix (propylene glycol and glycerol) on flavoring ionization was also investigated. Calibration curves with satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99) were established from 1 to 1000 μg L−1. Good sensitivity (limits of detection [LODs] < 0.3 μg L−1), recoveries (92.6% to 104.7%), and acceptable repeatability (relative standard deviations < 14.6%, n = 5) were obtained. The limits of quantification (LOQs; 10–50 μg g−1) for the E-cigarette liquid sample were much lower than the regulatory limits. The developed method provided a simple way for rapidly determining flavorings in E-cigarettes.
Binary planetesimals and their role in planet formation
Creators: name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main evolutionary stages of planet formation is the dynamical evolution of planetesimal disks. These disks are thought to evolve through gravitational encounters and physical collisions between single planetesimals. In recent years, many binary planetesimals have been observed in the Solar system, indicating that the binarity of planetesimals is high. However, current studies of planetesimal disks formation and evolution do not account for the role of binaries. Here we point out that gravitational encounters of binary planetesimals can have an important role in the evolution of planetesimal disks. Binary planetesimals catalyze close encounters between planetesimals, and can strongly enhance their collision rate. Binaries may also serve as additional heating source of the planetesimal disk, through the exchange of the binaries gravitational potential energy into the kinetic energy of planetesimals in the disk.
description: Accepted to ApJL
Fluid phase separation inside a static periodic field: an effectively two-dimensional critical phenomenon
Creators: name: Vink, Richard
name: Neuhaus, Tim
name: Loewen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a fluid with a bulk liquid-vapor critical point is placed inside a static external field with spatial periodic oscillations in one direction, the bulk critical point splits into two new critical points and a triple point. This phenomenon is called laser-induced condensation [Mol. Phys. Vol. 101, Pg. 1651 (2003)], and it occurs when the wavelength of the field is sufficiently large. The critical points mark the end of two coexistence regions, namely between (1) a vapor and stacked-fluid phase, and (2) a stacked-fluid and liquid phase. The stacked-fluid or "zebra" phase is characterized by large density oscillations along the field direction. We study the above phenomenon for a mixture of colloids and polymers using density functional theory and computer simulation. The theory predicts that the vapor-zebra and liquid-zebra surface tensions are extremely small. Most strikingly, however, is the theoretical finding that at their respective critical points, both tensions vanish, but not according to any critical power law. The solution to this apparent paradox is provided by the simulations. These show that the field divides the system into effectively two-dimensional slabs, stacked on top of each other along the field direction. Inside each slab, the system behaves as if it were two-dimensional, while in the field direction the system resembles a one-dimensional Ising chain.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures
Neuroevolution of Physics-Informed Neural Nets: Benchmark Problems and Comparative Results
Creators: name: Yong, Nicholas Sung Wei
name: Wong, Jian Cheng
name: Chiu, Pao-Hsiung
name: Gupta, Abhishek
name: Ooi, Chinchun
name: Ong, Yew-Soon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential of learned models for fundamental scientific research and discovery is drawing increasing attention worldwide. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), where the loss function directly embeds governing equations of scientific phenomena, is one of the key techniques at the forefront of recent advances. PINNs are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent methods, akin to their deep learning counterparts. However, analysis in this paper shows that PINNs' unique loss formulations lead to a high degree of complexity and ruggedness that may not be conducive for gradient descent. Unlike in standard deep learning, PINN training requires globally optimum parameter values that satisfy physical laws as closely as possible. Spurious local optimum, indicative of erroneous physics, must be avoided. Hence, neuroevolution algorithms, with their superior global search capacity, may be a better choice for PINNs relative to gradient descent methods. Here, we propose a set of five benchmark problems, with open-source codes, spanning diverse physical phenomena for novel neuroevolution algorithm development. Using this, we compare two neuroevolution algorithms against the commonly used stochastic gradient descent, and our baseline results support the claim that neuroevolution can surpass gradient descent, ensuring better physics compliance in the predicted outputs. %Furthermore, implementing neuroevolution with JAX leads to orders of magnitude speedup relative to standard implementations.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Rapid and Nondestructive Identification of the Geographical Origin of Ophiopogonis Radix by Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Creators: name: Zhu, Shanshan
name: Zhong, Qingshan
name: Yan, Denghui
name: Yan, Zejun
name: Chen, Shuo
name: Yao, Yudong
name: Zhou, Cui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: The pharmacological activity and clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significantly influenced by the geographical origin. Therefore, the effective and reliable identification of TCM producing regions is crucial for the quality control and clinical application of TCM. Ophiopogonis Radix (Chinese name: Maidong (MD)) is a well-known TCM with various properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and cardiovascular protection. In this study, the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) to distinguish Sichuan Ophiopogonis Radix (CMD) from Zhejiang Ophiopogonis Radix (ZMD) was investigated. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the Raman peaks at 363, 465, 1345, 1458, 2893 and 2933 cm−1 corresponding to polysaccharides, homoisoflavonoids, and steroidal saponins could be used as identification chemical markers for CMD and ZMD. Additionally, the PLS–DA-based scheme proposed in this study could identify the geographical origins of CMD from ZMD with an accuracy of 92.7%. Unlike conventional morphological and microscopic identification and physicochemical analysis, the proposed method is nondestructive, involves simple sample preparation, requires a very low mass of the sample, and exhibits a high classification accuracy to discriminate between CMD and ZMD. Therefore, despite analyzing a limited number of samples, this study proposes a method by the combination of Raman spectroscopy and PLS–DA to rapidly, sensitively, and nondestructively discriminate Ophiopogonis Radix samples with different geographical origins. This study confirms that Raman spectroscopy exhibits high potential to facilitate the authentication, quality control, and supervision of herbal medicines and processed products.
Riemannian embeddings in codimension one as unbounded $KK$-cycles
Creators: name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
name: Verhoeven, Luuk S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19K35 (Primary) 58B34 (Secondary)

description: Given a codimension one Riemannian embedding of Riemannian spin$^c$-manifolds $\imath:X \to Y$ we construct a family $\{\imath_!^ ε\}_{0< ε< ε_0}$ of unbounded $KK$-cycles from $C(X)$ to $C_0(Y)$, each equipped with a connection $\nabla^ε$ and each representing the shriek class $\imath_! \in KK(C(X), C_0(Y))$. We compute the unbounded product of $\imath_!^ε$ with the Dirac operator $D_Y$ on $Y$ and show that this represents the $KK$-theoretic factorization of the fundamental class $[X] = \imath_! \otimes [Y]$ for all $ε$. In the limit $ε\to 0$ the product operator admits an asymptotic expansion of the form $\frac{1}ε T + D_X + \mathcal{O}(ε)$ where the ``divergent'' part $T$ is an index cycle representing the unit in $KK(\mathbb{C}, \mathbb{C})$ and the constant ``renormalized'' term is the Dirac operator $D_X$ on $X$. The curvature of $(\imath_!^ε, \nabla^ε)$ is further shown to converge to the square of the mean curvature of $\imath$ as $ε\to 0$.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Novel Determination of the Influence of Idarubicin upon DNA Chain Structure Using an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor by Voltammetry
Creators: name: Subak, Hasret
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Two sequences of DNA (single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and double-strand DNA (dsDNA)) modified disposable electrodes were designed to investigate the effect of antitumor agent drug idarubicine (IDA) on the DNA chain structure. The effect of IDA on DNA structure was analyzed by square wave voltammetry (SWV) depending on not only the guanine signal but also IDA oxidation response. The present study included the electrochemical investigation of IDA and the investigation of the biomolecular interaction between IDA and DNA. IDA was detected in buffer and urine using disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) with SWV and cyclic voltammetry (CV)). The detection limit (LOD) of IDA in urine samples was 0.089 µg mL−1 with SWV under optimum conditions. For the biomolecular interaction of IDA and DNA, all electrochemical conditions, such as the concentration of DNA, concentration of IDA, interaction phase (at electrode surface/in solution phase), the interaction pH, and the interaction time were optimized. IDA interacted biomolecularly with DNA at the electrode surface and in solution phase using two methods. There is no previous electrochemical study performed on the interaction of IDA with ssDNA. Hence, the effect of IDA on both ssDNA and dsDNA was presented for the first time.
Electrochemical Determination of Imidacloprid Using an Electrosynthesized Hexa-Peri-Hexabenzocoronene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
Creators: name: Wang, Rong
name: Lin, Tingting
name: Nie, Qiyang
name: Qin, Caihong
name: Luo, Yougang
name: Wang, Ruijuan
name: Wang, Shulong
name: Jing, Yiqi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) modified glassy carbon electrodes (HBC/GCEs) was fabricated by an electrochemical synthesis, solving the difficulty of the preparation of HBC films because of its poor solubility. HBC/GCE was used as a sensing electrode for the voltammetric investigation of imidacloprid (IDP). The presence of HBC increased the conductivity of GCE, and showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the reaction of IDP. Therefore, the HBC enhanced the electrochemical signal of IDP, which increased the sensitivity of the sensor. The best performance was obtained by optimizing the electrochemical synthesis time, pH and enrichment time. The linear response range and the limit of detection were 5 to 750 μmol·L−1 and 1.5 μmol·L−1, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor also exhibited good repeatability, selectivity and stability, and promising applications for real sample.
Simultaneous targeting therapy for lung metastasis and breast tumor by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway using Celastrol-loaded micelles
Creators: name: Zhao, Yue
name: Tan, Yanan
name: Meng, Tingting
name: Liu, Xuan
name: Zhu, Yun
name: Hong, Yun
name: Yang, Xiqin
name: Yuan, Hong
name: Huang, Xuan
name: Hu, Fuqiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Metastasis is one of the major obstacles for successful therapy of breast tumor. To inhibit the metastasis and growth of breast tumor simultaneously, a Celastrol (Cela) loaded glucolipid-like conjugates (CSOSA/Cela) with αvβ3-ligand Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TET) modification (TET-CSOSA/Cela) were established to block nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The distribution of TET-CSOSA was remarkably increased in lung metastasis and primary tumor of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice by means of αvβ3 receptor-mediated interaction. The results demonstrated that TET-CSOSA/Cela significantly suppressed Bcl-2 activation of lung metastatic cells and reduced MMP-9 expression of 4T1 breast tumor cells by blocking NF-κB. The inhibitory rates of TET-CSOSA/Cela against lung metastasis and primary tumor were raised to 90.72 and 81.15%, compared to those of Celastrol (72.15 and 46.40%), respectively. All results demonstrated the αvβ3 receptor targeted TET-CSOSA/Cela micelles exhibited great potential in treating lung metastasis and primary tumor simultaneously via blocking NF-κB signaling pathway.
Computational Approach to Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Dialogues
Creators: name: Martinez-Barco, P.
name: Palomar, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun-phrase antecedents of pronouns and adjectival anaphors in Spanish dialogues. We believe that anaphora resolution requires numerous sources of information in order to find the correct antecedent of the anaphor. These sources can be of different kinds, e.g., linguistic information, discourse/dialogue structure information, or topic information. For this reason, our algorithm uses various different kinds of information (hybrid information). The algorithm is based on linguistic constraints and preferences and uses an anaphoric accessibility space within which the algorithm finds the noun phrase. We present some experiments related to this algorithm and this space using a corpus of 204 dialogues. The algorithm is implemented in Prolog. According to this study, 95.9% of antecedents were located in the proposed space, a precision of 81.3% was obtained for pronominal anaphora resolution, and 81.5% for adjectival anaphora.
Wind-shearing in gaseous protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Perets, Hagai B.
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the first stages of planet formation is the growth of small planetesimals and their accumulation into large planetesimals and planetary embryos. This early stage occurs much before the dispersal of most of the gas from the protoplanetary disk. Due to their different aerodynamic properties, planetesimals of different sizes/shapes experience different drag forces from the gas at these stage. Such differential forces produce a wind-shearing effect between close by, different size planetesimals. For any two planetesimals, a wind-shearing radius can be considered, at which the differential acceleration due to the wind becomes greater than the mutual gravitational pull between the planetesimals. We find that the wind-shearing radius could be much smaller than the gravitational shearing radius by the Sun (the Hill radius), i.e. during the gas-phase of the disk wind-shearing could play a more important role than tidal perturbations by the Sun. Here we study the wind-shearing radii for planetesimal pairs of different sizes and compare it with gravitational shearing (drag force vs. gravitational tidal forces). We then discuss the role of wind-shearing for the stability and survival of binary planetesimals, and provide stability criteria for binary planetesimals embedded in a gaseous disk.
description: To be published in the proceedings of IAU 276: The Astrophysics of planetary systems - formation, structure, and dynamical evolution
Majorana Scars as Group Singlets
Creators: name: Sun, Z.
name: Popov, F. K.
name: Klebanov, I. R.
name: Pakrouski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some quantum many-body systems, the Hilbert space breaks up into a large ergodic sector and a much smaller scar subspace. It has been suggested [arXiv:2007.00845] that the two sectors may be distinguished by their transformation properties under a large group whose rank grows with the system size (it is not a symmetry of the Hamiltonian). The quantum many-body scars are invariant under this group, while all other states are not. Here we apply this idea to lattice systems containing $M$ Majorana fermions per site. The Hilbert space for $N$ sites may be decomposed under the action of the O$(N)\times$O$(M)$ group, and the scars are the SO$(N)$ singlets. For any even $M$ there are two families of scars. One of them, which we call the $η$ states, is symmetric under the group O$(N)$. The other, the $ζ$ states, has the SO$(N)$ invariance. For $M=4$, where our construction reduces to spin-$1/2$ fermions on a lattice with local interactions, the former family are the $N+1$ $η$-pairing states, while the latter are the $N+1$ states of maximum spin. We generalize this construction to $M>4$. For $M=6$ we exhibit explicit formulae for the scar states and use them to calculate the bipartite entanglement entropy analytically. For large $N$, it grows logarithmically with the sub-system size. We present a general argument that any group-invariant scars should have the entanglement entropy that is parametrically smaller than that of typical states. The energies of the scars we find are not equidistant in general but can be made so by choosing Hamiltonian parameters. For $M>6$ we find that with local Hamiltonians the scars typically have certain degeneracies. The scar spectrum can be made ergodic by adding a non-local interaction term. We derive the dimension of each scar family and show the scars could have a large contribution to the density of states for small $N$.
description: 18 pages, 1 table, 10 figures; v2: changed parameters to improve presentation, added several new results including a bound on entropy for group-invariant scars; v3: version to appear in PRR
The FF Planning System: Fast Plan Generation Through Heuristic Search
Creators: name: Hoffmann, J.
name: Nebel, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe and evaluate the algorithmic techniques that are used in the FF planning system. Like the HSP system, FF relies on forward state space search, using a heuristic that estimates goal distances by ignoring delete lists. Unlike HSP's heuristic, our method does not assume facts to be independent. We introduce a novel search strategy that combines hill-climbing with systematic search, and we show how other powerful heuristic information can be extracted and used to prune the search space. FF was the most successful automatic planner at the recent AIPS-2000 planning competition. We review the results of the competition, give data for other benchmark domains, and investigate the reasons for the runtime performance of FF compared to HSP.