cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The clock ambiguity and the emergence of physical laws
Creators: name: Albrecht, Andreas
name: Iglesias, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of identifying a time variable in time reparameterization invariant theories results in great ambiguities about the actual laws of physics described by a given theory. A theory set up to describe one set of physical laws can equally well be interpreted as describing any other laws of physics by making a different choice of time variable or ``clock''. In this article we demonstrate how this ``clock ambiguity'' arises and then discuss how one might still hope to extract specific predictions about the laws of physics even when the clock ambiguity is present. We argue that a requirement of quasi-separability should play a critical role in such an analysis. As a step in this direction, we compare the Hamiltonian of a local quantum field theory with a completely random Hamiltonian. We find that any random Hamiltonian (constructed in a sufficiently large space) can yield a ``good enough'' approximation to a local field theory. Based on this result we argue that theories that suffer from the clock ambiguity may in the end provide a viable fundamental framework for physics in which locality can be seen as a strongly favored (or predicted) emergent behavior. We also speculate on how other key aspects of known physics such as gauge symmetries and Poincare invariance might be predicted to emerge in this framework.
description: 16 Pages including two appendices and 5 figures. V2: Some additional references added for completeness. No other changes. (Final version accepted for publication in PRD.)
No-Go Theorems: What Are They Good For?
Creators: name: Dardashti, Radin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No-go theorems have played an important role in the development and assessment of scientific theories. They have stopped whole research programs and have given rise to strong ontological commitments. Given the importance they obviously have had in physics and philosophy of physics and the huge amount of literature on the consequences of specific no-go theorems, there has been relatively little attention to the more abstract assessment of no-go theorems as a tool in theory development. We will here provide this abstract assessment of no-go theorems and conclude that the methodological implications one may draw from no-go theorems are in disagreement with the implications that have often been drawn from them in the history of science.
description: 34 pages
Inverse Temperature 4-vector in Special Relativity
Creators: name: Wu, Zhong Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exist several prescriptions for identifying the notion of temperature in special relativity. We argue that the inverse temperature 4-vector $\bf β$ is the only viable option from the laws of thermodynamics, and $\bf β$ is a future-directed timelike 4-vector. Using a superfluidity thought experiment, one can show that $\bf β$ is not necessarily along the time direction of the comoving frame of the system, as is usually thought. It is conjectured that, for an isolated system, the 4-vector is determined from the entropy-maximum principle.
description: 11 pages, revised version
Dynamical avenues for Mercury's origin I: The lone survivor of a primordial generation of short-period proto-planets
Creators: name: Clement, Matthew S.
name: Chambers, John E.
name: Jackson, Alan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of planets interior to Mercury continues to puzzle terrestrial planet formation models, particularly when contrasted with the relatively high derived occurrence rates of short-period planets around Sun-like stars. Recent work proposed that the majority of systems hosting hot super-Earths attain their orbital architectures through an epoch of dynamical instability after forming in quasi-stable, tightly packed configurations. Isotopic evidence seems to suggest that the formation of objects in the super-Earth mass regime is unlikely to have occurred in the solar system as the terrestrial-forming disk is thought to have been significantly mass-deprived starting around 2 Myr after CAI; a consequence of either Jupiter's growth or an intrinsic disk feature. Nevertheless, terrestrial planet formation models and high-resolution investigations of planetesimal dynamics in the gas disk phase occasionally find that quasi-stable proto-planets with masses comparable to that of Mars emerge in the vicinity of Mercury's modern orbit. In this paper, we investigate whether it is possible for a primordial configuration of such objects to be cataclysmically destroyed in a manner that leaves Mercury behind as the sole survivor without disturbing the other terrestrial worlds. We use numerical simulations to show that this scenario is plausible. In many cases, the surviving Mercury analog experiences a series of erosive impacts; thereby boosting its Fe/Si ratio. A caveat of our proposed genesis scenario for Mercury is that Venus typically experiences at least one late giant impact.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in AJ. Summary available at https://youtu.be/Mu762MjRxtE (video)
On Dualities and Equivalences Between Physical Theories
Creators: name: Butterfield, Jeremy Nicholas
Publisher: name: PhilSci-Archive
Year: 2018

description: The main aim of this paper is to make a remark about the relation between (i) dualities between theories, as `duality' is understood in physics and (ii) equivalence of theories, as `equivalence' is understood in logic and philosophy. The remark is that in physics, two theories can be dual, and accordingly get called `the same theory', though we interpret them as disagreeing---so that they are certainly not equivalent, as `equivalent' is normally understood. So the remark is simple: but, I shall argue, worth stressing---since often neglected. My argument for this is based on the account of duality developed by De Haro: which is illustrated here with several examples, from both elementary physics and string theory. Thus I argue that in some examples, including in string theory, two dual theories disagree in their claims about the world. I also spell out how this remark implies a limitation of proposals (both traditional and recent) to understand theoretical equivalence as either logical equivalence or a weakening of it.
Exactly separable version of the Bohr Hamiltonian with the Davidson potential
Creators: name: Bonatsos, Dennis
name: McCutchan, E. A.
name: Minkov, N.
name: Casten, R. F.
name: Yotov, P.
name: Lenis, D.
name: Petrellis, D.
name: Yigitoglu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exactly separable version of the Bohr Hamiltonian is developed using a potential of the form u(beta)+u(gamma)/beta^2, with the Davidson potential u(beta)= beta^2 + beta_0^4/beta^2 (where beta_0 is the position of the minimum) and a stiff harmonic oscillator for u(gamma) centered at gamma=0. In the resulting solution, called exactly separable Davidson (ES-D), the ground state band, gamma band and 0_2^+ band are all treated on an equal footing. The bandheads, energy spacings within bands, and a number of interband and intraband B(E2) transition rates are well reproduced for almost all well-deformed rare earth and actinide nuclei using two parameters (beta_0, gamma stiffness). Insights regarding the recently found correlation between gamma stiffness and the gamma-bandhead energy, as well as the long standing problem of producing a level scheme with Interacting Boson Approximation SU(3) degeneracies from the Bohr Hamiltonian, are also obtained.
description: 35 pages, 11 postscript figures, LaTeX
Evaluating the Effect of Credit Collection Policy on Portfolio Quality of Micro-Finance Bank
Creators: name: Enoch, Esther Yusuf
name: Digil, Abubakar Mahmud
name: Arabo, Usman Abubakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study evaluates the effect of collection policy on portfolio quality of microfinance banks in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Real data were collected from 51 credit officers, then a multi-stage sampling method was used to select a sample of 21 respondents from the population (i.e., 51 credit officers). In addition, we used regression analysis and descriptive statistics to analyze the data collected and to also test our proposed hypothesis. Based on the evaluation performed, the results showed that collection policy has a higher effect on portfolio quality. Hence, the study showed that microfinance banks should adhere to strict or stiff debt collection policy as strictness in collection policy help the banks to recover their loans, thereby improving the portfolio quality of the bank.
description: 11 pages
Exploring Ferroelectricity in Morphologically Engineered Complex Oxide Thin Films
Creators: name: Adkins, Joshua Willis
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Ferroelectrics are functional materials that possess mechanically and thermally coupled, spontaneous, reversible electric polarization. However, ferroelectrics exhibit challenges related to longevity and stability during utilization, which limit their potential in technologically promising commercial applications such as clean energy generation/conversion and high-density solid-state memory. To these challenges and deliver on their promise, we consider a strategy of “morphological engineering”: harnessing the structure-property-processing-performance paradigm of materials science and engineering to empower the enhanced design and deepened understanding of ferroelectric materials. To illustrate this strategy, I detail four studies involving the examination of morphologically engineered complex oxide thin films. First, perovskite BaTiO3 thin films morphologically engineered to prevent phase transformations by way of strain are used as the experimental basis for attempting to enhance the pyroelectric effects of a ferroelectric thin film outside the proximity of its ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. Variable-temperature properties are influenced by the presence of an asymmetric electrode-induced built in field, which are characterized using a novel pseudo-indirect method. Next, in fluorite HfO2 films morphologically engineered into a ferroelectric phase by ZrO2 alloying, endurance is extensively characterized across a thermal energy range spanning from near room temperature to cryogenic regimes. By studying the variable-temperature properties, a greater understanding of the thermally activated defect dynamics responsible for wake-up and fatigue is achieved. To support efforts to generate evidence for novel ferroelectricity in rhombohedrally distorted La0.33Sr0.66FeO3 thin films, variable-temperature and variable-frequency electrical measurements were conducted. Though ferroelectric-like hysteresis was observed, it is difficult to distinguish from charge emission-based origins of hysteretic electronic effects, and represents an open area of inquiry. Finally, attempts to morphologically engineer ferroelectricity in ZnO through structural distortions and insulation enhancement with Mg-doping and Li-doping are discussed. Single-phase, highly distorted wurtzite specimens were fabricated using both single-target and multi-target pulsed laser deposition strategies, but were not electrically insulating enough to observe polarization reversal. However, co-doped samples exhibit memristive properties that, when characterized using traditional ferroelectric measurement techniques, produce hysteresis loops that can be misinterpreted as evidence of ferroelectricity. In doing so, a potential explanation for the widely controversial reports of ferroelectricity in ZnO-based thin films is presented.
Peeling and Sliding in Nucleosome Repositioning
Creators: name: Chou, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate the mechanisms of histone sliding and detachment with a stochastic model that couples thermally-induced, passive histone sliding with active motor-driven histone unwrapping. Analysis of a passive loop or twist defect-mediated histone sliding mechanism shows that diffusional sliding is enhanced as larger portions of the DNA is peeled off the histone. The mean times to histone detachment and the mean distance traveled by the motor complex prior to histone detachment are computed as functions of the intrinsic speed of the motor. Fast motors preferentially induce detachment over sliding. However, for a fixed motor speed, increasing the histone-DNA affinity (and thereby decreasing the passive sliding rate) increases the mean distance traveled by the motor.
description: 5 pp, 4 figs
REVISITANDO "FILOSOFIA DA MATEMÁTICA" DE STEWART SHAPIRO
Creators: name: Avaetê de Lunetta e Rodrigues Guerra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A obra “Filosofia da Matemática” de Stewart Shapiro é uma leitura indispensável para aqueles que desejam aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre os fundamentos da matemática. Embora apresente algumas limitações, a obra oferece uma análise crítica e abrangente sobre as questões filosóficas que envolvem essa disciplina. Suas ideias e perspectivas têm contribuído significativamente para o campo, especialmente em relação ao platonismo matemático, a linguagem matemática e a fundamentação da matemática. Seu trabalho continua a influenciar e inspirar estudiosos e filósofos da matemática em todo o mundo.
Direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets with the ELT/HARMONI high-contrast module
Creators: name: Houllé, Mathis
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Carlotti, Alexis
name: Choquet, Élodie
name: Cantalloube, Faustine
name: Phillips, Mark W.
name: Sauvage, Jean-François
name: Schwartz, Noah
name: Otten, Gilles P. P. L.
name: Baraffe, Isabelle
name: Emsenhuber, Alexandre
name: Mordasini, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining high-contrast imaging with medium-resolution spectroscopy has been shown to significantly boost the direct detection of exoplanets. HARMONI, one of the first-light instruments to be mounted on ESO's ELT, will be equipped with a single-conjugated adaptive optics system to reach the diffraction limit of the ELT in H and K bands, a high-contrast module dedicated to exoplanet imaging, and a medium-resolution (up to R = 17 000) optical and near-infrared integral field spectrograph. Combined together, these systems will provide unprecedented contrast limits at separations between 50 and 400 mas. In this paper, we estimate the capabilities of the HARMONI high-contrast module for the direct detection of young giant exoplanets. We use an end-to-end model of the instrument to simulate observations based on realistic observing scenarios and conditions. We analyze these data with the so-called "molecule mapping" technique combined to a matched-filter approach, in order to disentangle the companions from the host star and tellurics, and increase the S/N of the planetary signal. We detect planets above 5-sigma at contrasts up to 16 mag and separations down to 75 mas in several spectral configurations of the instrument. We show that molecule mapping allows the detection of companions up to 2.5 mag fainter compared to state-of-the-art high-contrast imaging techniques based on angular differential imaging. We also demonstrate that the performance is not strongly affected by the spectral type of the host star, and that we reach close sensitivities for the best three quartiles of observing conditions at Armazones, which means that HARMONI could be used in near-critical observations during 60 to 70% of telescope time at the ELT. Finally, we simulate planets from population synthesis models to further explore the parameter space that HARMONI and its high-contrast module will soon open.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (14 pages, 9 figures)
Position-dependent chiral coupling between single quantum dots and cross waveguides
Creators: name: Xiao, Shan
name: Wu, Shiyao
name: Xie, Xin
name: Yang, Jingnan
name: Wei, Wenqi
name: Shi, Shushu
name: Song, Feilong
name: Sun, Sibai
name: Dang, Jianchen
name: Yang, Longlong
name: Wang, Yunuan
name: Zuo, Zhanchun
name: Wang, Ting
name: Zhang, Jianjun
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral light-matter interaction between photonic nanostructures with quantum emitters shows great potential to implement spin-photon interfaces for quantum information processing. Position-dependent spin momentum locking of the quantum emitter is important for these chiral coupled nanostructures. Here, we report the position-dependent chiral coupling between quantum dots (QDs) and cross waveguides both numerically and experimentally. Four quantum dots distributed at different positions in the cross section are selected to characterize the chiral properties of the device. Directional emission is achieved in a single waveguide as well as in both two waveguides simultaneously. In addition, the QD position can be determined with the chiral contrasts from four outputs. Therefore, the cross waveguide can function as a one-way unidirectional waveguide and a circularly polarized beam splitter by placing the QD in a rational position, which has potential applications in spin-to-path encoding for complex quantum optical networks at the single-photon level.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Design of diplexer for implementation in SPA
Creators: name: Kumar, Soubir
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Diplexer
Quantum amplifier
Parametric amplifier
SPA

description: One of the major requirements for superconducting qubit hardware to work efficiently is high-fidelity, quantum non-demolition qubit readout. The qubits and the cavity where the qubits are placed are present in a cryogenic setup at a temperature around 10mK. To read the state of qubit at room temperature, it is necessary to amplify the weak microwave signal without adding much noise. The amplification can be done only by using quantum-limited amplifiers. One example of a superconducting quantum limited amplifier is the SNAIL parametric amplifier (SPA). SNAIL Parametric Amplifier (SPA) is a phase preserving superconducting amplifier. The amplifier has a non-linear element where the signal to be amplified interacts with a strong microwave pump at double the signal frequency. It is necessary to separate the amplified signal tone from the pump tone on the output of the device in order to protect the qubit from the strong microwave pump. In this report, we have studied how to add a diplexer to a SPA circuit to achieve this required separation between signal and pump tones. A diplexer is a device that divides the signal from a common port into different frequencies. It consists of two bandpass filters attached to the common port at one end and to the respective signal port at the other. The diplexer here directs the signal from qubit and pump tone to the amplifier which is connected to the common port. Thus, the diplexer along with a circulator is used to direct the signal from qubit to the amplifier and the amplified signal to the observer at room temperature. In this project, different diplexers with filters of different order were designed. The response (linewidth) of these diplexers was observed both in the absence and presence of the amplifier and they were compared. The report concludes by noting the difficulties in designing the perfect diplexer and presents future design methodologies to obtain a diplexer and amplifier, fulfilling the requirements- wide passband, low insertion loss at passband and high isolation between signal and pump ports.
Dynamical avenues for Mercury's origin II: in-situ formation in the inner terrestrial disk
Creators: name: Clement, Matthew S.
name: Chambers, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern terrestrial planet formation models are highly successful at consistently generating planets with masses and orbits analogous to those of Earth and Venus. In stark contrast to classic theoretical predictions and inferred demographics of multi-planet systems of rocky exoplanets, the mass (>10) and orbital period (>2) ratios between Venus and Earth and the neighboring Mercury and Mars are not common outcomes in numerically generated systems. While viable solutions to the small-Mars problem are abundant in the literature, Mercury's peculiar origin remains rather mysterious. In this paper, we investigate the possibility that Mercury formed in a mass-depleted, inner region of the terrestrial disk (a < 0.5 au). This regime is often neglected in terrestrial planet formation models because of the high computational cost of resolving hundreds of short-period objects over ~100 Myr timescales. By testing multiple disk profiles and mass distributions, we identify several promising sets of initial conditions that lead to remarkably successful analog systems. In particular, our most successful simulations consider moderate total masses of Mercury-forming material (0.1-0.25 Earth masses). While larger initial masses tend to yield disproportionate Mercury analogs, smaller values often inhibit the planets' formation as the entire region of material is easily accreted by Venus. Additionally, we find that shallow surface density profiles and larger inventories of small planetesimals moderately improve the likelihood of adequately reproducing Mercury.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in AJ. Summary available at https://youtu.be/Mu762MjRxtE (video)
Canadian provincial premiers : a statistical analysis of 185 careers
Creators: name: James, Peter Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The questions: "who becomes a provincial premier?", "what is a premier's career pattern?", and "does selection process make a difference in the type of person that becomes premier?" are answered in this study. A series of 22 political and socio-economic variables was collected for each of the 185 men who have been provincial premiers between July 1, 1867 and July 1, 1987. After the data set was created, analysis by province and party was then performed. The response to "who becomes a provincial premier" shows that premiers are not typical of the electorate that they represent. Provincial premiers, on average, are Protestant lawyers who come to office at age 48.6. These men usually have a post-secondary education, and are born in the province of which they become premier. Three distinct career patterns are found when one answers the question "what is a premier's career pattern?". The first, and most common path, is the replacement of one premier by another while the party is in government. The second path, and the least frequented, is the "comeback" route. This occurs when an individual is in government, goes into the opposition, becomes party leader, and comes back to government as premier. The third path to the premiership is via the post of leader of the opposition. An individual following this path is leader of the opposition party and wins an election to become premier. Each of the 185 premiers followed one of these distinct paths to office. Parliamentary and cabinet experience, years as party leader before becoming premier, duration as premier, and reason for leaving the premiership each vary, when analyzed by path to power. The response to the third question is that the selection process makes a difference in the type of person that becomes premier. Convention chosen premiers, in contrast to caucus chosen premiers, are younger, have more diverse occupational backgrounds, and have less parliamentary and cabinet experience. Convention chosen leaders have a longer duration in office. Comparison of results with parallel studies of Australian state premiers, national party leaders, federal cabinet ministers, and provincial cabinet members, shows that Canadian provincial premiers are unique in their background and career progression.
Nitrogen X-ray absorption in the local ISM
Creators: name: Gatuzz, Efrain
name: García, Javier A.
name: Kallman, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen is one of the most abundant metals in the interstellar medium (ISM), and thus it constitutes an excellent test to study a variety of astrophysical environments, ranging from nova to active galactic nuclei. We present a detailed analysis of the gaseous component of the N K~edge using high-resolution {\it XMM-Newton} spectra of 12 Galactic and 40 extragalactic sources. For each source, we have estimated column densities for {\rm N}~{\sc i}, {\rm N}~{\sc ii}, {\rm N}~{\sc iii}, {\rm N}~{\sc v}, {\rm N}~{\sc vi} and {\rm N}~{\sc vii} ionic species, which trace the cold, warm and hot phases of the local Galactic interstellar medium. We have found that the cold-warm component column densities decrease with the Galactic latitude while the hot component does not. Moreover, the cold column density distribution is in good agreement with UV measurements. This is the first detailed analysis of the nitrogen K-edge absorption due to ISM using high-resolution X-ray spectra.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Nonlocal Lagrangians for Accelerated Systems
Creators: name: Chicone, C.
name: Mashhoon, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acceleration-induced nonlocality and the corresponding Lorentz-invariant nonlocal field equations of accelerated systems in Minkowski spacetime are discussed. Under physically reasonable conditions, the nonlocal equation of motion of the field can be derived from a variational principle of stationary action involving a nonlocal Lagrangian that is simply obtained by composing the local inertial Lagrangian with the nonlocal transformation of the field to the accelerated system. The implications of this approach for the electromagnetic and Dirac fields are briefly discussed.
description: 11 pages, no figures; v2: 20 pages; expanded version accepted for publication in Ann. Phys. (Leipzig); v3: several typos corrected to match the published version
Didattica della complessità
Creators: name: Luciano, Seta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: didattica della fisica
sistemi complessi
covid-19
modelli dinamici
simulazione

description: Presentazione al Convegno "Quale didattica della Fisica per formare gli insegnanti di scuola primaria?", organizzato nell'ambito delle attività del Gruppo G6-PLS- Fisica -Progetto Laurea Scientifiche
title: Health and socio-economic impact of alcohol in a typical Russian City: Identifying dimensions of alcohol use among Russian men and their effects upon health and employment
Creators: name: Cook, SA
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2012

description: Male life expectancy in Russia is extremely low for an industrialised country. Alcohol is an important contributory factor to low life expectancy and an important health determinant in Russian men. Conventional methods of measuring alcohol consumption may not fully capture distinctive aspects of Russian drinking. The aim of this PhD was to identify latent dimensions of alcohol use and to investigate their socio-demographic correlates and their effects on health and employment among working-age men (aged 25-60) in Izhevsk, Russia. The data used were from the Izhevsk Family Studies (IFS -1 and IFS-2). IFS-1 included a cross-sectional survey of 1941 working-age men resident in Izhevsk (2003-6). Controls were followed up at IFS-2 (2008-10).Three latent dimensions of beverage alcohol intake (beer, wine and spirit intake) were constructed from questionnaire responses on frequency, usual volume and maximum volume of each beverage and one latent dimension of acute alcohol-related dysfunction from responses on frequency of hangover, excessive drunkenness, sleeping in clothes because of drunkenness and failing family or personal obligations because of drinking. The relationship between these latent dimensions of alcohol use, socio-demographic factors, employment and cardiovascular risk factors were investigated using structural equation modelling. The latent factors of beverage alcohol intake were strong predictors of alcohol-related dysfunction, with spirit intake being the most influential. Alcohol-related dysfunction showed a strong association with education which was only partly explained by beverage alcohol intake and other observed aspects of alcohol consumption. Alcohol-related dysfunction was a strong predictor of employment status and an important mediator of the relationship between alcohol intake and employment. All four latent variables showed similar associations with serum lipids. Beer intake, spirit intake and alcohol-related dysfunction were strongly associated with hypertension. Hazardous alcohol consumption in Russian men strongly influenced employment status and cardiovascular risk factors. A latent variable approach to measuring alcohol use particularly acute alcohol-related dysfunction provided information of the relationship between alcohol, health and socio-economic circumstances in Russian men beyond that obtained using more conventional observed measures such as total volume of ethanol.
The Problems of Personal Income Tax on Revenue Generation in Gombe State
Creators: name: Bala, Abubakar
name: Enoch, Esther Yusuf
name: Yakubu, Salisu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study examined the problems of personal income tax on revenue generation in Gombe state. The methodology used in data collection is survey, which utilized both primary and secondary types of data. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample of 150 respondents from both employees of state board of internal revenue service and tax payers in the state. The chi square statistics test was used in testing the hypotheses. The study found that tax avoidance/evasion and complete absences of information technology are serious problems affecting revenue generation in the state. It recommends that government should device strict measures in dealing and punishing individuals engage in tax avoidance and evasion. It should also employ the use of information technology as it is the only way problems experience in personal income tax collection can be reduced drastically.
description: 9 pages
Datasets and guide: downloads for reconstructing British census responses 1851-1881 for the BBCE
Creators: name: Montebruno, Piero
Publisher: name: University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: Entrepreneurship
Employers
Self-employment
Small businesses
Census
Reconstruction

description: This paper is a guide to supplementation for the 1851-1881 censuses where responses were incomplete (in not allowing explicit identification of entrepreneur status). The paper provides downloads of the intermediate variables used in England and Wales, and Scotland.
The parametrization of gas flows in discs in the Auriga simulations
Creators: name: Okalidis, Periklis
name: Grand, Robert J. J.
name: Yates, Robert M.
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radial motions of cold, star-forming gas in the secular evolution phase of a set of 14 magnetohydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies. We study the radial transport of material within the disc plane in a series of concentric rings. For the gas in each ring at a given time we compute two quantities as a function of time and radius: 1) the radial bulk flow of the gas; and 2) the radial spread of the gas relative to the bulk flow. Averaging the data from all the halos, we find that the radial spread increases with radius in the form of a power law with strong secondary dependencies on the fraction of accreted material and the local radial velocity dispersion of the gas. We find that the bulk motion of gas is well described in the inner disc regions by a radially-independent mean inward flow speed of $-$2.4 km s$^{-1}$. The spread around this value relates to the change in angular momentum of the gas and also the amount of accreted material. These scalings from fully cosmological, MHD simulations of galaxy formation can then be used in semi-analytic models to better parameterise the radial flow of gas in discs.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Measuring Type Ia Supernova Distances and Redshifts From Their Multi-band Light Curves
Creators: name: Kim, Alex G.
name: Miquel, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distance and redshift of a type Ia supernova can be determined simultaneously through its multi-band light curves. This fact may be used for imaging surveys that discover and obtain photometry for large numbers of supernovae; so many that it would be difficult to obtain a spectroscopic redshift for each. Using available supernova-analysis tools we find that there are several conditions in which a viable distance-redshift can be determined. Uncertainties in the effective distance at z~0.3 are dominated by redshift uncertainties coupled with the steepness of the Hubble law. By z~0.5 the Hubble law flattens out and distance-modulus uncertainties dominate. Observations that give S/N=50 at peak brightness and a four-day observer cadence in each of griz-bands are necessary to match the intrinsic supernova magnitude dispersion out to z=1.0. Lower S/N can be tolerated with the addition of redshift priors (e.g. from a host-galaxy photometric redshift), observations in an additional redder band, or by focusing on supernova redshifts that have particular leverage for this measurement. More stringent S/N requirements are anticipated as improved systematics control over intrinsic color, metallicity, and dust is attempted to be drawn from light curves.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, Astroparticle Physics, accepted
Lepton flavor violating processes in unparticle physics
Creators: name: Lu, Cai-Dian
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the virtual effects of unparticle physics in the lepton flavor violating processes $M^0\to l^+l'^-$ and $e^+e^-\to l^+l'^-$ scattering, where $M^0$ denotes the pseudoscalar mesons: $π^0,K_L, D_0,B_0,B_s^0$ and $l,l'$ denote two different lepton flavors. For the decay of $B^0\to l^+l'^-$, there is no constraint from the current experimental upper bounds on the vector unparticle coupling with leptons. The constraint on the coupling constant between scalar unparticle field and leptons is sensitive to the scaling dimension of the unparticle $d_{\cal U}$. For the scattering process $e^-e^+\to l^-l'^+$, there is only constraint from experiments on the vector unparticle couplings with leptons but no constraint on the scalar unparticle. We study the $\sqrt s$ dependence of the cross section $ \frac{1}σ \frac{dσ}{d\sqrt s}$ of $e^+e^-\to l^-l'^+$ with different values of $d_{\cal U}$. If $d_{\cal U}=1.5$, the cross section is independent on the center mass energy. For $d_{\cal U}>1.5$, the cross section increases with $\sqrt s$.
description: 8 pages, revtex4,with 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Symmetry-breaking vacua and baryon condensates in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Martelli, Dario
name: Sparks, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravity duals of symmetry-breaking deformations of superconformal field theories, AdS/CFT dual to Type IIB string theory on AdS_5 x Y where Y is a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. In these vacua both conformal invariance and baryonic symmetries are spontaneously broken. We present a detailed discussion of the supergravity moduli space, which involves flat form fields on asymptotically conical Calabi-Yau manifolds, and match this to the gauge theory vacuum moduli space. We discuss certain linearised fluctuations of the moduli, identifying the Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneous breaking of non-anomalous baryonic symmetries. The remaining moduli fields are related to spontaneous breaking of anomalous baryonic symmetries. We also elaborate on the proposal that computing condensates of baryon operators is equivalent to computing the partition function of a non-compact Euclidean D3-brane in the background supergravity solution, with fixed boundary conditions at infinity.
description: 121 pages; v2: references added
Observation of hybrid higher-order skin-topological effect in non-Hermitian topolectrical circuits
Creators: name: Zou, Deyuan
name: Chen, Tian
name: He, Wenjing
name: Bao, Jiacheng
name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Sun, Houjun
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust boundary states epitomize how deep physics can give rise to concrete experimental signatures with technological promise. Of late, much attention has focused on two distinct mechanisms for boundary robustness - topological protection, as well as the non-Hermitian skin effect. In this work, we report the first experimental realizations of hybrid higher-order skin-topological effect, in which the skin effect selectively acts only on the topological boundary modes, not the bulk modes. Our experiments, which are performed on specially designed non-reciprocal 2D and 3D topolectrical circuit lattices, showcases how non-reciprocal pumping and topological localization dynamically interplays to form various novel states like 2D skin-topological, 3D skin-topological-topological hybrid states, as well as 2D and 3D higher-order non-Hermitian skin states. Realized through our highly versatile and scalable circuit platform, theses states have no Hermitian nor lower-dimensional analog, and pave the way for new applications in topological switching and sensing through the simultaneous non-trivial interplay of skin and topological boundary localizations.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Evolutionary games on simplicial complexes
Creators: name: Guo, H.
name: Jia, D.
name: Sendiña-Nadal, I.
name: Zhang, M.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Li, X.
name: Alfaro-Bittner, K.
name: Moreno, Y.
name: Boccaletti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Elucidating the mechanisms that lead to cooperation is still one of the main scientific challenges of current times, as many common cooperative scenarios remain elusive and at odds with Darwin's natural selection theory. Here, we study evolutionary games on populations that are structured beyond pairwise interactions. Specifically, we introduce a general evolutionary approach that allows studying situations in which indirect interactions via a neighbor other than the direct pairwise connection (or via a group of neighbors), impact the strategy of the focal player. To this end, we consider simplicial graphs that encode two- and three-body interactions, which enables to study competition between all possible pairs of social dilemmas and to scrutinize the role of three-body interactions in all the observed phenomenology. We simultaneously investigate how social dilemma with different Nash equilibria compete in simplicial structures and how such a competition is modulated by the unbalance of 2- and 1-simplices, which in its turn reflects the relative prevalence of pairwise or group interactions among the players. We report a number of results that: (i) support that higher-order games allow for non-dominant strategists to emerge and coexist with dominant ones, a scenario that can't be explained by any pairwise schemes, no matter the network of contacts; (ii) characterize a novel transition from dominant defection to dominant cooperation as a function of the simplicial structure of the population; and (iii) demonstrate that 2-simplex interactions are a source of strategy diversity, i.e. increasing the relative prevalence of group interactions always promotes diverse strategic identities of individuals. Our study constitutes a step forward in the quest for understanding the roots of cooperation and the mechanisms that sustain it in real-world and social environments.
description: 9 pages and 6 figures. Submitted for publication
Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Application to Determining Metallicities for Very Metal-poor Stars
Creators: name: Li, Haining
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a first attempt to apply fuzzy cluster analysis (FCA) to analyzing stellar spectra. FCA is adopted to categorize line indices measured from LAMOST low-resolution spectra, and automatically remove the least metallicity-sensitive indices. The FCA-processed indices are then transferred to the artificial neural network (ANN) to derive metallicities for 147 very metal-poor (VMP) stars that have been analyzed by high-resolution spectroscopy. The FCA-ANN method could derive robust metallicities for VMP stars, with a precision of 0.2 dex compared with high-resolution analysis. The recommended FCA threshold value λfor this test is between 0.9965 and 0.9975. After reducing the dimension of the line indices through FCA, the derived metallicities are still robust, with no loss of accuracy, and the FCA-ANN method performs stably for different spectral quality from [Fe/H] from -1.8 down to -3.5. Compared with traditional classification methods, FCA considers ambiguity in groupings and noncontinuity of data, and is thus more suitable for observational data analysis. Though this early test uses FCA to analyze low-resolution spectra, and feeds the input to the ANN method to derive metallicities, FCA should be able to, in the large data era, also analyze slitless spectroscopy and multiband photometry, and prepare the input for methods not limited to ANN, in the field of stellar physics for other studies, e.g., stellar classification, identification of peculiar objects. The literature-collected high-resolution sample can help improve pipelines to derive stellar metallicities, and systematic offsets in metallicities for VMP stars for three published LAMOST catalogs have been discussed.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, published in ApJ
Neutron and X-ray Scattering Studies of the Lightly-Doped Spin-Peierls System Cu(1-x)Cd(x)GeO3
Creators: name: Haravifard, S.
name: Rule, K. C.
name: Dabkowska, H. A.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Yamani, Z.
name: Buyers, W. J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of the lightly-doped spin-Peierls system Cu(1-x)Cd(x)GeO3 have been studied using bulk susceptibility, x-ray diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. We investigate the triplet gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum of this quasi-one dimensional quantum antiferromagnet, and its relation to the spin-Peierls dimerisation order parameter. We employ two different theoretical forms to model the inelastic neutron scattering cross section and chi''(Q,omega), and show the sensitivity of the gap energy to the choice of chi''(Q,omega). We find that a finite gap exists at the spin-Peierls phase transition.
description: 15 Pages, 7 Figures, Submitted to J. Phys. :Condensed Matter
Psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with end-stage renal disease
Creators: name: Olsen, Edna Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The psychosocial adjustment of nine adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was described by two standard psychologic tests; Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control. Life Events were recorded to evaluate the effect of stress at the time of testing. The mean self-concept scores were higher (p = .009) for the ESRD adolescents than the normative sample. However, the individual's scores did not differ significantly. The Life Events were comparable to the healthy population for age. The family members were assessd on the Family Assessment Measure (FAM) to assess the influence of family functioning on adolescent psychosocial adjustment. The standardized FAM scores were comparable to a normative sample. Cluster analysis of the ESRD adolescents revealed three groups differing significantly on: self-concept, locus of control, FAM self-rating and number of years from diagnosis to dialysis. Significant differences were maintained across the family members on FAM General Scale and FAM Self-Rating Scale. The adequate psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents with ESRD is consistent with recent studies suggesting that chronically ill children and adolescents do not differ from healthy children. However, the results also suggest that within the study group, a number of individuals may be experiencing problems of adjustment.
GENDER TENGLIK TAMOYILINI SINGDIRISHDA  "OILA VA MAHALLA-TA'LIM TIZIMI" NING О'RNI
Creators: name: Ismadiyarova, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada gendar teenglik tamoyilini singdirishda oila va mahalla- ta`lim tizimining o`rni va ahamiyati haqida muhokama qilinadi.