cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the stochastic thermodynamics of fractional Brownian motion
Creators: name: Khadem, S. Mohsen J.
name: Klages, Rainer
name: Klapp, Sabine H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is concerned with the stochastic thermodynamics of non-equilibrium Gaussian processes that can exhibit anomalous diffusion. In the systems considered, the noise correlation function is not necessarily related to friction. Thus, there is no conventional fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) of the second kind and no unique way to define a temperature. We start from a Markovian process with time-dependent diffusivity (an example being scaled Brownian motion). It turns out that standard stochastic thermodynamic notions can be applied rather straightforwardly by introducing a time-dependent temperature, yielding the integral fluctuation relation. We then proceed to our focal system, that is, a particle undergoing fractional Brownian motion (FBM). In this system, the noise is Gaussian but the noise correlation function is nonlocal in time, defining a non- Markovian process. We analyse in detail the consequences when using the conventional notions of stochastic thermodynamics with a constant medium temperature. In particular, the heat calculated from dissipation into the medium differs from the log ratio of path probabilities of forward and backward motion, yielding a deviation from the standard integral fluctuation relation for the total entropy production if the latter is defined via system entropy and heat exchange. These apparent inconsistencies can be circumvented by formally defining a time-nonlocal temperature that fulfils a generalized FDR. To shed light on the rather abstract quantities resulting from the latter approach we perform a perturbation expansion. This allows us to calculate analytically, up to linear order, the generalized temperature and the corresponding heat exchange. By this, we provide explicit expressions and a physical interpretation for the leading corrections induced by non-Markovianity.
Drop tower setup to study the diffusion-driven growth of a foam ball in supersaturated liquids in microgravity conditions
Creators: name: Vega-Martínez, Patricia
name: Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Javier
name: van der Meer, Devaraj
name: Sperl, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffusion-driven growth of a foam ball is a phenomenon that appears in many manufacturing process as well as in a variety of geological phenomena. Usually these processes are greatly affected by gravity, as foam is much lighter than the surrounding liquid. However, the growth of the foam free of gravity effects is still very relevant, as it is connected to manufacturing in space and to the forma- tion of rocks in meteorites and other small celestial bodies. The aim of this research is to investigate experimentally the growth of a bubble cloud growing in a gas-supersaturated liquid in microgravity conditions. Here, we describe the ex- periments carried out in the drop tower of the Center of Ap- plied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM). In few words, a foam seed is formed with spark-induced cavitation in carbonated water, whose time evolution is recorded with two high-speed cameras. Our preliminary results shed some light on how the size of the foam ball scales with time, in particular at times much longer than what could be studied in normal conditions, i.e. on the surface of the Earth, where the dynamics of the foam is already dominated by gravity after several milliseconds.
High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider HL-LHC
Creators: name: Apollinari, G.
name: Bruening, O.
name: Nakamoto, T.
name: Rossi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HL-LHC federates the efforts and R&D of a large international community towards the ambitious HL- LHC objectives and contributes to establishing the European Research Area (ERA) as a focal point of global research cooperation and a leader in frontier knowledge and technologies. HL-LHC relies on strong participation from various partners, in particular from leading US and Japanese laboratories. This participation will be required for the execution of the construction phase as a global project. In particular, the US LHC Accelerator R&D Program (LARP) has developed some of the key technologies for the HL-LHC, such as the large-aperture niobium-tin ($Nb_{3}Sn) quadrupoles and the crab cavities. The proposed governance model is tailored accordingly and should pave the way for the organization of the construction phase.
description: 21 pages, chapter in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report
Causal Structure Learning: a Combinatorial Perspective
Creators: name: Squires, Chandler
name: Uhler, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this review, we discuss approaches for learning causal structure from data, also called causal discovery. In particular, we focus on approaches for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and various generalizations which allow for some variables to be unobserved in the available data. We devote special attention to two fundamental combinatorial aspects of causal structure learning. First, we discuss the structure of the search space over causal graphs. Second, we discuss the structure of equivalence classes over causal graphs, i.e., sets of graphs which represent what can be learned from observational data alone, and how these equivalence classes can be refined by adding interventional data.
Noise-induced quantum synchronization
Creators: name: Schmolke, Finn
name: Lutz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization is a widespread phenomenon in science and technology. We here study noise-induced synchronization in a quantum spin chain subjected to local Gaussian white noise. We demonstrate stable (anti)synchronization between the endpoint magnetizations of a quantum $XY$ model with transverse field of arbitrary length. Remarkably, we show that noise applied to a single spin suffices to reach stable (anti)synchronization, and demonstrate that the two synchronized end spins are entangled. We additionally determine the optimal noise amplitude that leads to the fastest synchronization along the chain, and further compare the optimal synchronization speed to the fundamental Lieb-Robinson bound for information propagation.
Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866) an Ottilie Grossbach (1836-1919), verheiratete von Deschwanden
Creators: name: Deschwanden, Joseph Wolfgang von
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1862

description: Brief aus Weggis, adressiert an Ottilie von Deschwanden, bei Prof. Ernst Grossbach in Luzern
Surge-like oscillations above sunspot light bridges driven by magnetoacoustic shocks
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingwen
name: Tian, Hui
name: He, Jiansen
name: Wang, Linghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution observations of the solar chromosphere and transition region often reveal surge-like oscillatory activities above sunspot light bridges. These oscillations are often interpreted as intermittent plasma jets produced by quasi-periodic magnetic reconnection. We have analyzed the oscillations above a light bridge in a sunspot using data taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The chromospheric 2796Å~images show surge-like activities above the entire light bridge at any time, forming an oscillating wall. Within the wall we often see that the Mg~{\sc{ii}}~k 2796.35Å~line core first experiences a large blueshift, and then gradually decreases to zero shift before increasing to a red shift of comparable magnitude. Such a behavior suggests that the oscillations are highly nonlinear and likely related to shocks. In the 1400Å~passband which samples emission mainly from the Si~{\sc{iv}}~ion, the most prominent feature is a bright oscillatory front ahead of the surges. We find a positive correlation between the acceleration and maximum velocity of the moving front, which is consistent with numerical simulations of upward propagating slow-mode shock waves. The Si~{\sc{iv}} 1402.77Å~line profile is generally enhanced and broadened in the bright front, which might be caused by turbulence generated through compression or by the shocks. These results, together with the fact that the oscillation period stays almost unchanged over a long duration, lead us to propose that the surge-like oscillations above light bridges are caused by shocked p-mode waves leaked from the underlying photosphere.
description: 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
Experimental realization of optimal time-reversal on an atom chip for quantum undo operations
Creators: name: Mastroserio, Ivana
name: Gherardini, Stefano
name: Lovecchio, Cosimo
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Montangero, Simone
name: Cataliotti, Francesco Saverio
name: Caruso, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the use of the dCRAB optimal control algorithm to realize time-reversal procedures for the implementation of quantum undo operations, to be applied in quantum technology contexts ranging from quantum computing to quantum communications. By means of the undo command, indeed, the last performed operation can be time-reversed so as to perfectly restore a condition in which an arbitrary new operation, chosen by the external user, can be applied. Moreover, by further generalizing this concept, the undo command can also allow for the reversing of a quantum operation in a generic instant of the past. Here, thanks to optimal time-reversal routines, all these functionalities are experimentally implemented on the five-fold F=2 Hilbert space of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of non-interacting $^{87}$Rb atoms in the ground state, realized with an atom chip. Specifically, each time-reversal transformation is attained by designing an optimal modulated radio frequency field, achieving on average an accuracy of around 92% in any performed test. The experimental results are accompanied by a thermodynamic interpretation based on the Loschmidt echo. Our findings are expected to promote the implementation of time-reversal operations in a real scenario of gate-based quantum computing with a more complex structure than the five-level system here considered.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
An open workflow for the digitisation of Built Heritage
Creators: name: Cursi, Stefano
name: Martinelli, Letizia
name: Calvano, Michele
name: Calcerano, Filippo
name: Cessari, Luciano
name: Gigliarelli, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Built Heritage
Digital process
Knowledge modelling
HBIM

description: Historical buildings are the expression of the traditions and techniques of people and societies that made
 them and thus must be studied and documented to prevent loss or damage, also ensuring that any restoration,
 maintenance, and reuse activities are undertaken consciously. To date, existing digital methods are not
 always appropriate for the built heritage sector. At the same time, older domain experts and physical textual
 archives collected a large amount of unique knowledge which is only partially transferred to digital resources.
 Examples are historical construction techniques, terminology for damage pathologies and heritage elements,
 etc. Transferring this knowledge into new applications and open data spaces could prevent its loss and
 improve its sharing.
Can Boltzmann Machines Discover Cluster Updates ?
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Boltzmann machines are physics informed generative models with wide applications in machine learning. They can learn the probability distribution from an input dataset and generate new samples accordingly. Applying them back to physics, the Boltzmann machines are ideal recommender systems to accelerate Monte Carlo simulation of physical systems due to their flexibility and effectiveness. More intriguingly, we show that the generative sampling of the Boltzmann Machines can even discover unknown cluster Monte Carlo algorithms. The creative power comes from the latent representation of the Boltzmann machines, which learn to mediate complex interactions and identify clusters of the physical system. We demonstrate these findings with concrete examples of the classical Ising model with and without four spin plaquette interactions. Our results endorse a fresh research paradigm where intelligent machines are designed to create or inspire human discovery of innovative algorithms.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, and half page appendix
An LRP1-binding motif in cellular prion protein replicates cell-signaling activities of the full-length protein
Creators: name: Azmoon, Pardis
name: Mantuano, Elisabetta
name: L. Gonias, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310110
subject: Receptors and membrane biology
classificationCode: 310111
subject: Signal transduction

description: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) functions as a receptor for nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC), which is released from cells by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain) proteases or in extracellular vesicles. This interaction activates cell signaling and attenuates inflammatory responses. We screened 14-mer PrPC-derived peptides and identified a putative LRP1 recognition motif in the PrPC sequence spanning residues 98–111. A synthetic peptide (P3) corresponding to this region replicated the cell-signaling and biological activities of full-length shed PrPC. P3 blocked LPS-elicited cytokine expression in macrophages and microglia and rescued the heightened sensitivity to LPS in mice in which the PrPC gene (Prnp) had been deleted. P3 activated ERK1/2 and induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The response to P3 required LRP1 and the NMDA receptor and was blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody, POM2. P3 has Lys residues, which are typically necessary for LRP1 binding. Converting Lys100 and Lys103 into Ala eliminated the activity of P3, suggesting that these residues are essential in the LRP1-binding motif. A P3 derivative in which Lys105 and Lys109 were converted into Ala retained activity. We conclude that the biological activities of shed PrPC, attributed to interaction with LRP1, are retained in synthetic peptides, which may be templates for therapeutics development.
Observation of surface superconductivity in a three-dimensional Dirac material
Creators: name: Liu, Qi
name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Yue, Xiao-Yu
name: Yi, Zhe-Kai
name: Dong, Qing-Xin
name: Liang, Hui
name: Wu, Dan-Dan
name: Sun, Yan
name: Li, Qiu-Ju
name: Zhu, Wen-Liang
name: Xia, Tian-Long
name: Sun, Xue-Feng
name: Wang, Yi-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity becomes more interesting when it encounters dimensional constraint or topology, because it is of importance for exploring exotic quantum phenomena or developing superconducting electronics. Here we report the coexistence of naturally formed surface superconducting state and three-dimensional topological Dirac state in single crystals of BaMg$_2$Bi$_2$. The electronic structure obtained from the first-principles calculations demonstrates that BaMg$_2$Bi$_2$ is an ideal Dirac material, in which the Dirac point is very close to the Fermi level and no other energy band crosses the Fermi level. Superconductivity up to 4.77 K can be observed under ambient pressure in the measurements of resistivity. The angle dependent magnetoresistance reveals the two-dimensional characteristic of superconductivity, indicating that superconductivity occurs on the surface of the sample and is absent in the bulk state. Our study not only provides BaMg$_2$Bi$_2$ as a suitable platform to study the interplay between superconductivity and topological Dirac state, but also indicates that MgBi-based materials may be a promising system for exploring new superconductors.
Risk Stratification of Lung Nodules Using 3D CNN-Based Multi-task Learning
Creators: name: Hussein, Sarfaraz
name: Cao, Kunlin
name: Song, Qi
name: Bagci, Ulas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Risk stratification of lung nodules is a task of primary importance in lung cancer diagnosis. Any improvement in robust and accurate nodule characterization can assist in identifying cancer stage, prognosis, and improving treatment planning. In this study, we propose a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based nodule characterization strategy. With a completely 3D approach, we utilize the volumetric information from a CT scan which would be otherwise lost in the conventional 2D CNN based approaches. In order to address the need for a large amount for training data for CNN, we resort to transfer learning to obtain highly discriminative features. Moreover, we also acquire the task dependent feature representation for six high-level nodule attributes and fuse this complementary information via a Multi-task learning (MTL) framework. Finally, we propose to incorporate potential disagreement among radiologists while scoring different nodule attributes in a graph regularized sparse multi-task learning. We evaluated our proposed approach on one of the largest publicly available lung nodule datasets comprising 1018 scans and obtained state-of-the-art results in regressing the malignancy scores.
description: Accepted for publication at Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI) 2017
Measuring solar active region inflows with local correlation tracking of granulation
Creators: name: Löptien, B.
name: Birch, A. C.
name: Duvall, T. L.
name: Gizon, L.
name: Proxauf, B.
name: Schou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Local helioseismology has detected spatially extended converging surface flows into solar active regions. These play an important role in flux-transport models of the solar dynamo. Aims. We aim to validate the existence of the inflows by deriving horizontal flow velocities around active regions with local correlation tracking of granulation. Methods. We generate a six-year long-time series of full-disk maps of the horizontal velocity at the solar surface by tracking granules in continuum intensity images provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Results. On average, active regions are surrounded by inflows extending up to 10 deg from the center of the active region of magnitudes of 20-30 m/s, reaching locally up to 40 m/s, which is in agreement with results from local helioseismology. By computing an ensemble average consisting of 243 individual active regions, we show that the inflows are not azimuthally symmetric but converge predominantly towards the trailing polarity of the active region with respect to the longitudinally and temporally averaged flow field.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
The dual of the Hardy space associated with the Dunkl operators
Creators: name: Jiu, Jiaxi
name: Li, Zhongkai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B30 (Primary), 42B20, 51F15 (Secondary)

description: The rational Dunkl operators are commuting differential-reflection operators on the Euclidean space $R^d$ associated with a root system, that contain some non-local refection terms, and the associated Hardy space is defined by means of the Riesz transforms with respect to the Dunkl operators. The aim of the paper is to prove that its dual can be realized by a class of functions on $R^d$, denoted by $BMC_κ$ in the text, that consists of the underlying functions of a certain type of weighted Carleson measures. Our method is "purely analytic" and does not depend on the atomic decomposition. As a corollary we obtain the Fefferman-Stein decomposition of functions in $BMC_κ$.
description: 44 pages
An antibody that targets cell-surface glucose-regulated protein-78 inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitors by macrophages
Creators: name: Azmoon, Pardis
name: Gunner, Cory
name: Mantuano, Elisabetta
name: L. Gonias, Steven
name: Das, Lipsa
name: Zampieri, Carlotta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310111
subject: Signal transduction

description: Glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp78) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, which is secreted by cells and associates with cell surfaces, where it functions as a receptor for activated α2-macroglobulin (α2M) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). In macrophages, α2M and tPA also bind to the transmembrane receptor, LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), activating a cell-signaling receptor assembly that includes the NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) to suppress innate immunity. Herein, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting Grp78 (N88) inhibits NFκB activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide, or with agonists that activate TLR2, TLR7, or TLR9. Pharmacologic inhibition of the NMDA-R or deletion of the gene encoding LRP1 (Lrp1) in BMDMs neutralizes the activity of N88. The fibrinolysis protease inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), has been implicated in diverse diseases including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Deletion of Lrp1 independently increased expression of PAI1 and PAI2 in BMDMs, as did treatment of wild-type BMDMs with TLR agonists. tPA, α2M, and N88 inhibited expression of PAI1 and PAI2 in BMDMs treated with TLR-activating agents. Inhibiting Src family kinases blocked the ability of both N88 and tPA to function as anti-inflammatory agents, suggesting that the cell-signaling pathway activated by tPA and N88, downstream of LRP1 and the NMDA-R, may be equivalent. We conclude that targeting cell-surface Grp78 may be effective in suppressing innate immunity by a mechanism that requires LRP1 and the NMDA-R.
Effect of doping on lattice instabilities of single-layer 1H-TaS2
Creators: name: Albertini, Oliver R.
name: Liu, Amy Y.
name: Calandra, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ARPES measurements of single-layer 1H-TaS2 grown on Au(111) suggest strong electron doping from the substrate. In addition, STM/STS measurements on this system show suppression of the charge-density-wave (CDW) instability that occurs in bulk 2H-TaS2. We present results from ab initio DFT calculations of free-standing single-layer 1H-TaS2 to explore the effects of doping on the CDW. In the harmonic approximation, we find that a lattice instability along the Gamma-M line occurs in the undoped monolayer, consistent with the bulk 3x3 CDW ordering vector. Doping removes the CDW instability, in agreement with the experimental findings. The doping and momentum dependence of both the electron-phonon coupling and of the bare phonon energy (unscreened by metallic electrons) determine the stability of lattice vibrations. Electron doping also causes an expansion of the lattice, so strain is a secondary but also relevant effect.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
What Can be Seen is What You Get: Structure Aware Point Cloud Augmentation
Creators: name: Hasecke, Frederik
name: Alsfasser, Martin
name: Kummert, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To train a well performing neural network for semantic segmentation, it is crucial to have a large dataset with available ground truth for the network to generalize on unseen data. In this paper we present novel point cloud augmentation methods to artificially diversify a dataset. Our sensor-centric methods keep the data structure consistent with the lidar sensor capabilities. Due to these new methods, we are able to enrich low-value data with high-value instances, as well as create entirely new scenes. We validate our methods on multiple neural networks with the public SemanticKITTI dataset and demonstrate that all networks improve compared to their respective baseline. In addition, we show that our methods enable the use of very small datasets, saving annotation time, training time and the associated costs.
description: Published in IEEE IV 2022
Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866) an Ottilie Grossbach (1836-1919), verheiratete von Deschwanden
Creators: name: Deschwanden, Joseph Wolfgang von
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1857

description: Brief ohne Datum und ohne Ortsangabe, vermutlich aus Zürich.
Von anderer Hand ist das Datum 4.12. notiert
Young, active radio stars in the AB Doradus moving group
Creators: name: Azulay, R.
name: Guirado, J. C.
name: Marcaide, J. M.
name: Martí-Vidal, I.
name: Ros, E.
name: Tognelli, E.
name: Hormuth, F.
name: Ortiz, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Precise determination of stellar masses is necessary to test the validity of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stellar evolutionary models, whose predictions are in disagreement with measurements for masses below 1.2 Msun. To improve such a test, and based on our previous studies, we selected the AB Doradus moving group (AB Dor-MG) as the best-suited association on which to apply radio-based high-precision astrometric techniques to study binary systems. Aims. We seek to determine precise estimates of the masses of a set of stars belonging to the AB Dor-MG using radio and infrared observations. Methods. We observed in phase-reference mode with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 5 GHz and with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 8.4 GHz the stars HD 160934, EK Dra, PW And, and LO Peg. We also observed some of these stars with the near-infrared CCD AstraLux camera at the Calar Alto observatory to complement the radio observations. Results. We determine model-independent dynamical masses of both components of the star HD 160934, A and c, which are 0.70+/-0.07 Msun and 0.45+/-0.04 Msun , respectively. We revised the orbital parameters of EK Dra and we determine a sum of the masses of the system of 1.38+/-0.08 Msun. We also explored the binarity of the stars LO Peg and PW And. Conclusions. We found observational evidence that PMS evolutionary models underpredict the mass of PMS stars by 10%-40%, as previously reported by other authors. We also inferred that the origin of the radio emission must be similar in all observed stars, that is, extreme magnetic activity of the stellar corona that triggers gyrosynchrotron emission from non-thermal, accelerated electrons.
description: 15 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
On the Benefits of Visual Stabilization for Frame- and Event-based Perception
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Juan Pablo
name: Dios, Jose Ramiro Martinez-de
name: Ollero, Anibal
name: Gallego, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Vision-based perception systems are typically exposed to large orientation changes in different robot applications. In such conditions, their performance might be compromised due to the inherent complexity of processing data captured under challenging motion. Integration of mechanical stabilizers to compensate for the camera rotation is not always possible due to the robot payload constraints. This paper presents a processing-based stabilization approach to compensate the camera's rotational motion both on events and on frames (i.e., images). Assuming that the camera's attitude is available, we evaluate the benefits of stabilization in two perception applications: feature tracking and estimating the translation component of the camera's ego-motion. The validation is performed using synthetic data and sequences from well-known event-based vision datasets. The experiments unveil that stabilization can improve feature tracking and camera ego-motion estimation accuracy in 27.37% and 34.82%, respectively. Concurrently, stabilization can reduce the processing time of computing the camera's linear velocity by at least 25%. Code is available at https://github.com/tub-rip/visual_stabilization
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, https://github.com/tub-rip/visual_stabilization
Effects of Grain Boundaries and Defects on Anisotropic Magnon Transport in Textured Sr14Cu24O41
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Jarvis, Karalee
name: Sullivan, Sean
name: Li, Yutao
name: Zhou, Jianshi
name: Shi, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong spin-spin exchange interaction in some low-dimensional magnetic materials can give rise to a high group velocity and thermal conductivity contribution from magnons. One example is the incommensurate layered compounds (Sr,Ca,La)14Cu24O41. The effects of grain boundaries and defects on quasi-one-dimensional magnon transport in these compounds are not well understood. Here we report the microstructures and anisotropic thermal transport properties of textured Sr14Cu24O41, which are prepared by solid-state reaction followed by spark plasma sintering. Transmission electron microscopy clearly reveals nano-layered grains and the presence of dislocations and planar defects. The thermal conductivity contribution and mean free paths of magnons in the textured samples are evaluated with the use of a kinetic model for one-dimensional magnon transport, and found to be suppressed significantly as compared to single crystals at low temperatures. The experimental results can be explained by a one-dimensional magnon-defect scattering model, provided that the magnon-grain boundary scattering mean free path in the anisotropic magnetic structure is smaller than the average length of these nano-layers along the c axis. The finding suggests low transmission coefficients for magnons across grain boundaries.
Accurate expansion of cylindrical paraxial waves for its straightforward implementation in electromagnetic scattering
Creators: name: Naserpour, Mahin
name: Zapata-Rodriguez, Carlos J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evaluation of vector wave fields can be accurately performed by means of diffraction integrals, differential equations and also series expansions. In this paper, a Bessel series expansion which basis relies on the exact solution of the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates is theoretically developed for the straightforward yet accurate description of low-numerical-aperture focal waves. The validity of this approach is confirmed by explicit application to Gaussian beams and apertured focused fields in the paraxial regime. Finally we discuss how our procedure can be favorably implemented in scattering problems.
Readjustment in United States Agricultural Production in the Post War
Creators: name: Elliott, F. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1943
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Excerpts: The war has brought about changes in agricultural production in the United States that are little short of phenomenal. A comparison of the levels of production in 1943 with those prevailing in 1935-39 show increases, for example, of: 346 percent in oil crops; 93 percent in dry beans and peas; 54 percent in processed vegetables; 29 percent in feed grains; 24 percent in potatoes and sweetpotatoes; 15 percent in wheat, rye, and rice; 50 percent in dressed meats; 63 percent in chickens; 50 percent in eggs; and 14 percent in milk. Were the projected goals for 1944 used as the basis for the comparison, the percentage increases would be even greater. With changes of this magnitude already having taken place and with an almost positive assurance, barring unfavorable weather, that they will be continued for the remainder of the war or even increased - what are the possibilities for their being maintained in the post-war period? Or if they cannot be maintained what readjustments are likely to be needed?
description: Address by F. F. Elliott, Chief Agricultural Economist, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, at 21st Annual Agricultural Outlook Conference, Washington, D. C., October 20, 1943.
Is the core-cusp problem a matter of perspective: Jeans Anisotropic Modeling against numerical simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Wenting
name: Zhu, Ling
name: Li, Zhaozhou
name: Chen, Yang
name: Han, Jiaxin
name: He, Feihong
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Jing, Yipeng
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Nie, Jialu
name: Tian, Hao
name: Liu, Chao
name: Cao, Yanan
name: Qiu, Xiaoqing
name: Helly, John
name: Grand, Robert J. J.
name: Gomez, Facundo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mock member stars for 28 dwarf galaxies are constructed from the cosmological Auriga simulation, which reflect the dynamical status of realistic stellar tracers. The axis-symmetric Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion (JAM) modeling is applied to 6,000 star particles for each system, to recover the underlying matter distribution. The stellar or dark matter component individually is poorly recovered, but the total profile is constrained more reasonably. The mass within the half-mass radius of tracers is recovered the tightest, and the mass between 200 and 300 pc, $M(200-300\mathrm{pc})$, is constrained ensemble unbiasedly, with a scatter of 0.167 dex. If using 2,000 particles and only line-of-sight velocities with typical errors, the scatter in $M(200-300\mathrm{pc})$ is increased by $\sim$50%. Quiescent Sagittarius dSph-like systems and star-forming systems with strong outflows show distinct features, with $M(200-300\mathrm{pc})$ mostly under-estimated for the former, and likely over-estimated for the latter. The biases correlate with the dynamical status, which is a result of contraction motions due to tidal effects in quiescent systems or galactic winds in star-forming systems, driving them out of equilibrium. After including Gaia DR3 proper motion errors, we find proper motions can be as useful as line-of-sight velocities for nearby systems at $<\sim$60 kpc. By extrapolating the actual density profiles and the dynamical constraints down to scales below the resolution, we find the mass within 150 pc can be constrained ensemble unbiasedly, with a scatter of $\sim$0.255 dex. In the end, we show that the contraction of member stars in nearby systems is detectable based on Gaia DR3 proper motion errors.
description: accepted by ApJ
ES-PTAM: Event-based Stereo Parallel Tracking and Mapping
Creators: name: Ghosh, Suman
name: Cavinato, Valentina
name: Gallego, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Visual Odometry (VO) and SLAM are fundamental components for spatial perception in mobile robots. Despite enormous progress in the field, current VO/SLAM systems are limited by their sensors' capability. Event cameras are novel visual sensors that offer advantages to overcome the limitations of standard cameras, enabling robots to expand their operating range to challenging scenarios, such as high-speed motion and high dynamic range illumination. We propose a novel event-based stereo VO system by combining two ideas: a correspondence-free mapping module that estimates depth by maximizing ray density fusion and a tracking module that estimates camera poses by maximizing edge-map alignment. We evaluate the system comprehensively on five real-world datasets, spanning a variety of camera types (manufacturers and spatial resolutions) and scenarios (driving, flying drone, hand-held, egocentric, etc). The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of the art in majority of the test sequences by a margin, e.g., trajectory error reduction of 45% on RPG dataset, 61% on DSEC dataset, and 21% on TUM-VIE dataset. To benefit the community and foster research on event-based perception systems, we release the source code and results: https://github.com/tub-rip/ES-PTAM
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, https://github.com/tub-rip/ES-PTAM
NNLO study of top-quark mass renormalization scheme uncertainties in Higgs boson production
Creators: name: Mazzitelli, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ambiguity in the choice of a renormalization scheme and scale for the top-quark mass leads to an additional source of theoretical uncertainty in the calculation of the Higgs boson production cross section via gluon fusion. These uncertainties were found to be dominant in the case of off-shell Higgs production at next-to-leading order in QCD for large values of the Higgs virtuality $m_H^*$. In this work, we study the uncertainties related to the top-quark mass definition up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We include the full top-quark mass dependence up to three loops in the virtual corrections, and evaluate the real contributions in the soft limit, therefore obtaining the so-called soft-virtual (SV) approximation. We construct NNLO-SV predictions for off-shell Higgs boson production renormalizing the top-quark mass within both the on-shell (OS) and the MSbar schemes, and study in detail the differences between them. While the differences between the two schemes are sizeable, we find that the predictions are always compatible within scale uncertainties. We also observe that the difference between renormalization schemes is largely reduced when increasing the order of the perturbative expansion. We analyze the quality of the convergence of the perturbative series in both schemes, and find that at large invariant masses the MSbar results present much larger corrections than their OS counterparts. We also comment on the more complicated case of Higgs boson pair production.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. v2: added some references, minor changes in the text
Modal analysis of electromagnetic resonators: user guide for the MAN program
Creators: name: Wu, T.
name: Arrivault, D.
name: Yan, W.
name: Lalanne, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All electromagnetic systems, in particular resonators or antennas, have resonances with finite lifetimes. The associated eigenstates, also called quasinormal modes, are essentially non-Hermitian and determine the optical responses of the system. We introduce MAN (Modal Analysis of Nanoresonators), a software with many open scripts, which computes and normalizes the quasinormal modes of virtually any electromagnetic resonator, be it composed of dispersive, anisotropic, or non-reciprocal materials. MAN reconstructs the scattered field in the basis formed by the quasinormal modes of the resonator and provides a transparent interpretation of the physics. The software is implemented in MATLAB and has been developed over the past ten years. MAN features many toolboxes that illustrate how to use the software for various emblematic computations in low and high frequency regimes. A specific effort has been devoted to interface the solver with the finite-element software COMSOL Multiphysics. However, MAN can also be used with other frequency-domain numerical solvers. This article introduces the program, summarizes the relevant theoretical background. MAN includes a comprehensive set of classical models and toolboxes that can be downloaded from the web.
Exploring realistic nanohertz gravitational-wave backgrounds
Creators: name: Bécsy, Bence
name: Cornish, Neil J.
name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hundreds of millions of supermassive black hole binaries are expected to contribute to the gravitational-wave signal in the nanohertz frequency band. Their signal is often approximated either as an isotropic Gaussian stochastic background with a power-law spectrum, or as an individual source corresponding to the brightest binary. In reality, the signal is best described as a combination of a stochastic background and a few of the brightest binaries modeled individually. We present a method that uses this approach to efficiently create realistic pulsar timing array datasets using synthetic catalogs of binaries based on the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. We explore three different properties of such realistic backgrounds which could help distinguish them from those formed in the early universe: i) their characteristic strain spectrum; ii) their statistical isotropy; and iii) the variance of their spatial correlations. We also investigate how the presence of confusion noise from a stochastic background affects detection prospects of individual binaries. We calculate signal-to-noise ratios of the brightest binaries in different realizations for a simulated pulsar timing array based on the NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset extended to a time span of 15 years. We find that $\sim$6% of the realizations produce systems with signal-to-noise ratios larger than 5, suggesting that individual systems might soon be detected (the fraction increases to $\sim$41% at 20 years). These can be taken as a pessimistic prediction for the upcoming NANOGrav 15-year dataset, since it does not include the effect of potentially improved timing solutions and newly added pulsars.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, version matching published paper
A Sport and a Pastime: Model Design and Computation in Quantum Many-Body Systems
Creators: name: Pan, Gaopei
name: Jiang, Weilun
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the recent developments in the model design and computation for a few representative quantum many-body systems, encompassing quantum critical metals beyond the Hertz-Millis-Moriya framework with pseudogap and superconductivity, SYK non-Fermi-liquid with self-tuned quantum criticality and fluctuation induced superconductivity, and the flat-band quantum Moiré lattice models in continuum where the interplay of quantum geometry of flat-band wave function and the long-range Coulomb interactions gives rise to novel insulating phases at integer fillings and superconductivity away from them. Although the narrative choreography seems simple, we show how important the appropriate model design and their tailor-made algorithmic developments -- in other words, the scientific imagination inspired by the corresponding fast experimental developments in the aforementioned systems -- compel us to invent and discover new knowledge and insights in the sport and pastime of quantum many-body research.
description: Invited review article on quantum many-body model design and computation. 29 pages + 27 figures. Comments and missing references are welcome
A study of singly deuterated cyclopropenylidene c-C3HD in protostar IRAS 16293-2422
Creators: name: Majumdar, L.
name: Gratier, P.
name: Andron, I.
name: Wakelam, V.
name: Caux, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cyclic-C3HD (c-C3HD) is a singly deuterated isotopologue of c-C3H2, which is one of the most abundant and widespread molecules in our Galaxy. We observed IRAS 16293-2422 in the 3 mm band with a single frequency setup using the EMIR heterodyne 3 mm receiver of the IRAM 30m telescope. We observed seven lines of c-C3HD and three lines of c-C3H2. Observed abundances are compared with astrochemical simulations using the NAUTILUS gas-grain chemical model. Our results clearly show that c-C3HD can be used as an important supplement for studying chemistry and physical conditions for cold environments. Assuming that the size of the protostellar envelope is 3000 AU and same excitation temperatures for both c-C3H2 and c-C3HD, we obtain a deuterium fraction of $14_{-3}^{+4}\%$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Problems to Be Solved in Distributing 1944 Production
Creators: name: Waugh, Frederick V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1943
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Physical Marketing Facilities – Functions of Distribution in Wartime – Adjustments in Consumption – Black Markets and Hoarding – Waste and Spoilage – Industrial Relations
description: Address by Frederick V. Waugh, Chief, Program Analysis and Appraisal Branch, FDA, at the 21st Annual Agricultural Outlook Conference, Washington, D. C., October 19, 1943.