The landscape of Open Scholarship across disciplines - Phase 1 Literature Review
Creators: name: Liu, Meng
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: bibliometric analysis
subject: interdisciplinary
subject: meta-research
subject: Open Research
subject: Open Scholarship
subject: Open Science

description: Background of the Landscape project Researchers usually work in silos, without much awareness of or access to what's going on in other fields. The solitary nature of research often means that both within and across disciplines, the sharing of information or best practices relating to reproducible scientific methods is difficult. This can lead to a problem of reinventing the wheel whilst also resulting in knowledge that is biased or misleading (e.g., believing some finding is unique to a certain field when it is not). Collating an interdisciplinary database of Open Scholarship (OS) literature would help address this issue because it can remove the information barriers and expedite the accumulation of evidence. It is particularly necessary to build one for OS as it is still an emerging topic in many disciplines. Efforts are often isolated and scattered in fields where OS is still a lesser known topic. The lack of coordinated efforts across and within disciplines can give rise to many issues that hinder the progress of science. One commonly acknowledged issue is the jingle-jangle fallacy where the same terms are used to convey different meanings and the same meaning to different terms. For instance, preregistration can be defined as an uneditable and timestamped version of a research protocol, while in healthcare fields preregistration is a fast-track course that qualifies students into a medical profession. The Glossary project at FORRT is specifically targeted to address this issue by building one central hub with OS terms (Parsons et al., 2022). This project shares the same vision but works towards addressing the issue concerning the literature base. Through mapping the topics covered in academic OS literature, an up-to-date picture can be revealed, facilitating a transparent and timely understanding of current developments of OS in different fields. Therefore, it is important to make efforts to integrate diverse literatures, search for commonalities and uniqueness, identify gaps and areas of consensus. This initiative helps us consolidate what is being published about OS and sets us towards cumulative OS. Once a first version of this database has been established, it can be dynamically updated whenever new entries are necessary, possibly using more automated methods. Phase 1 of the Landscape project This preregistration form is for Phase 1 of the project described above. In Phase 1, we will build the base literature using Web of Science (WoS) and perform bibliometric analysis to synthesise the literature. This will be our initial step towards building an interdisciplinary database of OS literature and mapping the landscape of the OS literature. Depending on the results of the bibliometric analysis, we could follow up with in-depth narrative reviews and other complementary analyses.