cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mini Z' Burst from Relic Supernova Neutrinos and Late Neutrino Masses
Creators: name: Goldberg, Haim
name: Perez, Gilad
name: Sarcevic, Ina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models in which neutrinos are light, due to a low scale of symmetry breaking, additional light bosons are generically present. We show that the interaction between diffuse relic supernova neutrinos (RSN) and the cosmic background neutrinos, via exchange of these light scalars, can result in a dramatic change of the supernova (SN) neutrinos flux. Measurement of this effect with current or future experiments can provide a spectacular direct evidence for the low scale models. We demonstrate how the observation of neutrinos from SN1987A constrains the symmetry breaking scale of the above models. We also discuss how current and future experiments may confirm or further constrain the above models, either by detecting the ``accumulative resonance'' that diffuse RSN go through or via a large suppression of the flux of neutrinos from nearby < O(Mpc) SN bursts.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, version to be published in JHEP
The meaning of the lived experience of transsexual individuals
Creators: name: Meredith, Leah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to examine how transsexual individuals who lived their lives as the sex other than that to which they were born made sense of their lives. The lived experience of transsexual people is currently lacking in the literature. This study has begun to fill that gap in an attempt to provide transsexual individuals with a voice. A phenomenological research method was employed to pull out the major themes of the interviews. The interviews consisted of six participants; three male to female transsexuals and three female to male. All of the participants lived their lives as the sex other than that to which they were born. Some had completley transitioned, while others were in the beginning stages. The transcribed data were analyzed using the Stevick- Colaizzi-Keen method, modified by Moustakas (1994). Twenty themes were extracted that fell into four categories including the decision to act, relationships with others, relationship with their bodies and relationship with themselves. Themes that were experienced were an imperative to change, fraudulent feelings with regards to relationships with others, a sense of disconnection with their bodies before their transitions and a sense of relaxation following their transition. The common themes that were extcracted were returned to the participants for validation. The meaning of the lived experience of transsexual individuals is one that has had little discussion in the literature. Because of this lack, the participants in this study were anxious to tell their stories to help those who will come along behind them as well as those in helping professions. Implications for counselling and for further research were included in the discussion section.
The grazing encounter between IC 2163 and NGC 2207: Pushing the limits of observational modeling
Creators: name: Struck, Curtis
name: Kaufman, Michele
name: Brinks, Elias
name: Thomasson, Magnus
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Elmegreen, Debra Meloy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical hydrodynamical models of the collision between the galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207. These models extend the results of earlier work where the galaxy discs were modeled one at a time. We confirm the general result that the collision is primarily planar, that is, at moderate inclination relative to the two discs, and prograde for IC 2163, but retrograde for NGC 2207. We list 34 specific morphological or kinematic features on a variety of scales, found with multi-waveband observations, which we use to constrain the models. The models are able to reproduce most of these features, with a relative orbit in which the companion (IC 2163) disc first side-swipes the primary (NGC 2207) disc on the west side, then moves around the edge of the primary disc to the north and to its current position on the east side. The models also provide evidence that the dark matter halo of NGC 2207 has only moderate extent. For IC 2163, the prolonged prograde disturbance in the model produces a tidal tail, and an oval or ocular waveform very much like the observed ones, including some fine structure. The retrograde disturbance in the model produces no strong waveforms within the primary galaxy. This suggests that the prominent spiral waves in NGC 2207 were present before the collision, and models with waves imposed in the initial conditions confirm that they would not be disrupted by the collision. With an initial central hole in the gas disc of the primary, and imposed spirals, the model also reproduces the broad ring seen in HI observations. We believe that this is now one of the best modeled systems of colliding galaxies. (Abridged)
description: 14 figures (all as jpgs for space considerations), 3 tables, MNRAS accepted
Paraprososthenia adami Brandt 1970
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiopsidae
Paraprososthenia
Paraprososthenia adami

description: adami, Paraprososthenia Brandt, 1970
 Paraprososthenia adami Brandt, 1970: 189–190 (pl. 13, fig. 7 + text fig. 7).
Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae
 Probable paratype: MZSP 95923.
 Locality: Cambodia, Mekong River at Sambor (type locality), N of Kratie, 6 Apr. 1969.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. Measurements and data on the specimen’s label correspond to the 70-specimen paratype lot originally catalogued as SMRL 16302.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 3, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Composite Coefficient of Determination and Its Application in Ultrahigh Dimensional Variable Screening
Creators: name: Kong, Efang
name: Xia, Yingcun
name: Zhong, Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this article, we propose to measure the dependence between two random variables through a composite coefficient of determination (CCD) of a set of nonparametric regressions. These regressions take consecutive binarizations of one variable as the response and the other variable as the predictor. The resulting measure is invariant to monotonic marginal variable transformation, rendering it robust against heavy-tailed distributions and outliers, and convenient for independent testing. Estimation of CCD could be done through kernel smoothing, with a consistency rate of root-n. CCD is a natural measure of the importance of variables in regression and its sure screening property, when used for variable screening, is also established. Comprehensive simulation studies and real data analysis show that the newly proposed measure quite often turns out to be the most preferred compared to other existing methods both in independence testing and in variable screening. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
On barren plateaus and cost function locality in variational quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Uvarov, Alexey
name: Biamonte, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms rely on gradient based optimization to iteratively minimize a cost function evaluated by measuring output(s) of a quantum processor. A barren plateau is the phenomenon of exponentially vanishing gradients in sufficiently expressive parametrized quantum circuits. It has been established that the onset of a barren plateau regime depends on the cost function, although the particular behavior has been demonstrated only for certain classes of cost functions. Here we derive a lower bound on the variance of the gradient, which depends mainly on the width of the circuit causal cone of each term in the Pauli decomposition of the cost function. Our result further clarifies the conditions under which barren plateaus can occur.
description: 26 pages, RevTeX
AN ATEMPORAL MICROECONOMIC THEORY AND AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF PRICE-INDUCED TECHNICAL PROGRESS
Creators: name: Caputo, Michael R.
name: Paris, Quirino
name: Caputo, Michael R.
name: Paris, Quirino
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: An exhaustive comparative statics analysis of a general price taking cost-minimizing model of the firm operating under the influence of price-induced technical progress is carried out from a dual vista. The resulting refutable implications are observable and thus amenable to empirical verification, and take on the form of a symmetric and negative semidefinite matrix. Using data from individual cotton gins in California's San Joaquin Valley, we empirically test the complete set of implications of the price-induced technical progress theory using both classical and Bayesian statistical procedures. We find that the data are fully consistent with the atemporal, costminimizing, price-induced microeconomic theory of technical progress.
Does Agricultural Liberalization Reduce Rural Welfare in Less Developed Countries? The Case of CAFTA
Creators: name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Naude, Antonio Yunez
name: Jesurun-Clements, Nancy
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Naude, Antonio Yunez
name: Jesurun-Clements, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Conventional economic wisdom and findings from aggregate economy-wide models suggest that removing tariffs on agricultural imports is detrimental to rural welfare in less developed countries. This paper explores the rural welfare effects of own-country agricultural liberalization under CAFTA using a disaggregated rural economy-wide model that nests within it a series of micro agricultural household models. Our simulation findings suggest that CAFTA would reduce nominal incomes for nearly all rural household groups in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. However, compensating variations that take into account rural economy-wide adjustments to policy shocks are mostly negative, implying that current agricultural protection policies are disadvantageous for most rural household groups.
Transconductance quantization in a topological Josephson tunnel junction circuit
Creators: name: Peyruchat, L.
name: Griesmar, J.
name: Pillet, J. -D.
name: Girit, Ç. Ö.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting circuits incorporating Josephson tunnel junctions are widely used for fundamental research as well as for applications in fields such as quantum information and magnetometry. The quantum coherent nature of Josephson junctions makes them especially suitable for metrology applications. Josephson junctions suffice to form two sides of the quantum metrology triangle, relating frequency to either voltage or current, but not its base, which directly links voltage to current. We propose a five Josephson tunnel junction circuit in which simultaneous pumping of flux and charge results in quantized transconductance in units $4e^2/h = 2e/Φ_0$, the ratio between the Cooper pair charge and the flux quantum. The Josephson quantized Hall conductance device (JHD) is explained in terms of intertwined Cooper pair pumps driven by the AC Josephson effect. We discuss the experimental implementation as well as optimal configuration of external parameters and possible sources of error. JHD has a rich topological structure and demonstrates that Josephson tunnel junctions are universal, capable of interrelating frequency, voltage, and current via fundamental constants.
description: Accepted, revised version (13 pages, 8 figures)
SEQUENCING AND THE SUCCESS OF GRADUALISM: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL REFORM
Creators: name: De Brauw, Alan
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: De Brauw, Alan
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper provides evidence regarding gains to agricultural market liberalization in China. We empirically identify the different effects that incentive reforms and gradual market liberalization have on China's agricultural economy during its transition period. We find that average gains within the agricultural sector to incentive reform exceed gains to market liberalization by a factor of ten. Our method of analyzing the effects of transition policies on economic performance can be generalized to other reform paths in other transition economies.
Characterization of damage evolution on hot flat rolled mild steel sheets by means of micromagnetic parameters and fatigue strength determination
Creators: name: Teschke, Mirko
name: Rozo Vasquez, Julian
name: Lücker, Lukas
name: Walther, Frank
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: damage evolution and interaction
subject: nondestructive characterization techniques
subject: micromagnetic parameters
subject: Barkhausen noise
subject: incremental permeability
subject: harmonics analysis
subject: fatigue
subject: electrical resistance
subject: hot flat rolling
subject: microalloyed mild steel
subject: DP800
subject: 660
subject: Werkstoffschädigung
subject: Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung
subject: Barkhausenrauschen
subject: Materialermüdung
subject: Strominduzierter Widerstand
subject: Warmwalzen
subject: Flachwalzen
subject: Flussstahl
subject: Dualphasenstahl

description: In continuous casting processes, inevitable voids (damage) are generated inside the material. The subsequent forming process of hot flat rolling offers the potential of healing these defects by closing the voids and bonding the internal surfaces. In this paper, different forming conditions from hot flat rolling process were characterized with micromagnetic measurement techniques and the influence of the damage evolution on the fatigue behavior was investigated. To characterize the reduction of voids through hot flat rolling processes, nondestructive testing techniques are required. Therefore, micromagnetic measurements such as Barkhausen noise, incremental permeability, and harmonic analysis were carried out, correlated with the number of voids, and compared with each other. The influence of damage evolution of different forming conditions on the fatigue behavior was characterized based on instrumented constant amplitude and multiple amplitude (load increase) tests. A significant increase in fatigue strength due to the hot flat rolling process, which leads to a reduction in the number of voids, was observed. In addition, the fracture surfaces of the specimens were analyzed in the scanning electron microscope.
description: Materials;Vol.13. 2020, 11, p. 2486
Performance related characterization of forming-Induced initial damage in 16MnCrS5 steel under a torsional forward-reverse loading path at LCF regime
Creators: name: Möhring, Kerstin
name: Walther, Frank
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Torsional load paths
subject: Forming-inducd initial damage
subject: Case hardening steel 16MnCrS5 (DIN 1.7139; AISI/SAE 5115)
subject: Low cycle fatigue performance
subject: 660
subject: Torsion
subject: Werkstoffschädigung
subject: Schadensmechanik
subject: Einsatzstahl
subject: Ermüdung bei niedrigen Lastspielzahlen

description: Forming technology and in particular cold forward rod extrusion is one of the key manufacturing technologies with regard to the production of shafts. The selection of process parameters determines the global and local material properties. This particularly implies forming-induced initial damage in representation of pores. On this background, this study aims on describing the influence of these pores in the performance of the material 16MnCrS5 (DIN 1.7139, AISI/SAE 5115) under a torsional load path in the low cycle fatigue regime, which is highly relevant for shafts under operation conditions. For this purpose, the method of cyclic forward-reverse torsional testing was applied. Additionally, intermittent testing method and the characterization of the state of crack growth using selective electron microscopy analysis of the surface were combined. A first attempt was made to describe the influence of forming-induced initial damage on the fatigue performance and the crack growth mechanisms. The correlation of fatigue performance and initial damage was contiguous in the sense that the initial damage corresponds with a decrease of material performance. It was concluded that the focus of further investigations must be on small crack growth and the related material changes to identify the role of initial damage under cyclic loads.
description: Materials;Vol.13. 2020, (11), 2463
SMALL HOLDERS, TRANSGENIC VARIETIES, AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF COTTON FARMERS IN CHINA
Creators: name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Qiao, Fangbin
name: Pray, Carl E.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Qiao, Fangbin
name: Pray, Carl E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Farm Management
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The overall goal of this study is to measure the effect of the impact that genetically modified cotton varieties have had on the production efficiency of small holders in farming communities in China. We also find that the adoption of Bt cotton varieties leads to a significant decrease in the use of pesticides. Hence, we demonstrate that Bt cotton appears to be an agricultural technology that improves both production efficiency and the environment. In terms of policies, our findings suggest that the government should investigate whether or not they should make additional investments to spread Bt to other cotton regions and to other crops.
A Comprehensive X-ray Report on AT2019wey
Creators: name: Yao, Yuhan
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Gendreau, K. C.
name: Jaisawal, Gaurava K.
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Grefenstette, Brian W.
name: Marshall, Herman L.
name: García, Javier A.
name: Ludlam, R. M.
name: Pike, Sean N.
name: Ng, Mason
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Altamirano, Diego
name: Jaodand, Amruta
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Remillard, Ronald A.
name: Steiner, James F.
name: Negoro, Hitoshi
name: Brightman, Murray
name: Lien, Amy
name: Wolff, Michael T.
name: Ray, Paul S.
name: Mukai, Koji
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
name: Arzoumanian, Zaven
name: Kawai, Nobuyki
name: Mihara, Tatehiro
name: Strohmayer, Tod E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we present MAXI, SWIFT, NICER, NuSTAR and Chandra observations of the X-ray transient AT2019wey (SRGA J043520.9+552226, SRGE J043523.3+552234). From spectral and timing analyses we classify it as a Galactic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) with a black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) accretor. AT2019wey stayed in the low/hard state (LHS) from 2019 December to 2020 August 21, and the hard-intermediate state (HIMS) from 2020 August 21 to 2020 November. For the first six months of the LHS, AT2019wey had a flux of $\sim 1$ mCrab, and displayed a power-law X-ray spectrum with photon index $Γ= 1.8$. From 2020 June to August, it brightened to $\sim 20$ mCrab. Spectral features characteristic of relativistic reflection became prominent. On 2020 August 21, the source left the "hard line" on the rms--intensity diagram, and transitioned from LHS to HIMS. The thermal disk component became comparable to the power-law component. A low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) was observed. The QPO central frequency increased as the spectrum softened. No evidence of pulsation was detected. We are not able to decisively determine the nature of the accretor (BH or NS). However, the BH option is favored by the position of this source on the $Γ$--$L_{\rm X}$, $L_{\rm radio}$--$L_{\rm X}$, and $L_{\rm opt}$--$L_{\rm X}$ diagrams. We find the BH candidate XTE J1752-223 to be an analog of AT2019wey. Both systems display outbursts with long plateau phases in the hard states. We conclude by noting the potential of SRG in finding new members of this emerging class of low luminosity and long-duration LMXB outbursts.
description: Accepted by ApJ
PREDICTING OUTPUT FROM SEEMINGLY UNRELATED AREA AND YIELD EQUATIONS
Creators: name: Griffiths, William E.
name: Thomson, Graeme
name: Coelli, Tim J.
name: Griffiths, William E.
name: Thomson, Graeme
name: Coelli, Tim J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Predicting a product
subject: standard error of prediction

description: Crop output can be defined as the product of area sown and yield. Given the existence of separate equations for explaining and predicting area sown and yield, in this paper we suggest predictors for output and derive expressions for the standard errors of the predictors. The methodology is applied to wheat production in the Corrigin Shire of Western Australia.
The Payoff from Generic Advertising by the Australian Pig Industry in the Presence of Trade
Creators: name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: equilibrium displacement models
subject: returns to advertising
subject: pigmeat
subject: economic analysis

description: The Australian pig meat industry today competes in a global market environment, with significant quantities of both pork exports and pork imports for further processing. In March 2003 Australian Pork Limited (APL) launched a advertising campaign to raise domestic per capita consumption of pork, and increase consumer awareness and preference for identified Australian pig meat. This is funded from producer levies. Over the period 2003 to 2005, APL advertising expenditure is forecast to be at least 15 per cent above 2001-02 domestic advertising expenditure levels. Domestic advertising expenditure by APL for the 2002-03 financial year was actually 30 per cent above the previous year's level. The question is whether these pig producer funds are being well spent. Evaluation of pig meat advertising expenditure has been undertaken in the past, but not in the context of a trading industry. An equilibrium displacement model of the Australian pig meat industry accounting for imports and exports was specified to study the returns to producers from different advertising scenarios. Total returns in terms of producer surplus gains were estimated for each scenario. The results indicated that producers receive the largest returns from domestic bacon/ham advertising and the least from export pork advertising. Producer surplus changes associated with a 30 per cent increase in domestic pork advertising expenditure were calculated for three different scenarios, including a hypothetical no-trade scenario. Returns to producers were shown to be very sensitive to the value chosen for the elasticity of demand response to advertising, but were unlikely to be positive based on past estimates of the relevant parameter values.
Rural Livelihood Strategies and Social Capital in Latin America: Implications for Rural Development Projects
Creators: name: Winters, Paul C.
name: Corral, Leonardo
name: Gordillo, Gustavo
name: Winters, Paul C.
name: Corral, Leonardo
name: Gordillo, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: rural livelihoods
subject: social capital
subject: Latin America
subject: rural development projects

description: Evidence from studies across Latin America show that rural households in the region are increasingly employing a diverse set of activities to maintain and improve livelihoods suggesting that households use multiple paths to get out of poverty. Of particular importance in household livelihood strategies are the assets households own and the context in which they operate. Recent development literature has highlighted the important role of social capital in development and particular emphasis is place on the role of this asset in this paper. The objective of this paper is to examine these trends in order to inform project design and implementation in the region. Based on the conceptual framework and evidence from Latin America, the paper offers a number of suggestions for improving project design and implementation in Latin America.
Black hole partition functions and duality
Creators: name: Cardoso, G. L.
name: de Wit, B.
name: Käppeli, J.
name: Mohaupt, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic entropy and the attractor equations for BPS black holes in four-dimensional N=2 supergravity theories follow from a variational principle for a certain `entropy function'. We present this function in the presence of R^2-interactions and non-holomorphic corrections. The variational principle identifies the entropy as a Legendre transform and this motivates the definition of various partition functions corresponding to different ensembles and a hierarchy of corresponding duality invariant inverse Laplace integral representations for the microscopic degeneracies. Whenever the microscopic degeneracies are known the partition functions can be evaluated directly. This is the case for N=4 heterotic CHL black holes, where we demonstrate that the partition functions are consistent with the results obtained on the macroscopic side for black holes that have a non-vanishing classical area. In this way we confirm the presence of a measure in the duality invariant inverse Laplace integrals. Most, but not all, of these results are obtained in the context of semiclassical approximations. For black holes whose area vanishes classically, there remain discrepancies at the semiclassical level and beyond, the nature of which is not fully understood at present.
description: 36 pages, LateX
title: Individualized assignments, group work and discussions
title: how they interact with class size, low socioeconomic status, and second language learners
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: DeVries, Jeffrey M.
name: Szardenings, Carsten
name: Doebler, Philipp
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Socioeconomic status
subject: Non-native speakers
subject: Second language learners
subject: Discussions, group work
subject: 370
subject: Fremdsprache
subject: Mehrsprachigkeit
subject: Chancengleichheit
subject: Soziale Herkunft
subject: Bildung
subject: Kind
subject: Schule
subject: Gruppenarbeit
subject: Diskussion

description: Varied teaching techniques are an important aspect of a successful classroom. Student and classroom factors such as ability level, lower socioeconomic status, and/or native language can interact with teaching techniques. Previous work suggests that each teaching technique may be more effective for different students or in different classroom situations, but few studies have directly examined which factors relate to effective teaching techniques. This study uses data for early secondary school students in Germany from the National Education Panel Study (NEPS) to examine the effects of group work, discussions, and individualized assignments on reading and math competency change between 7th and 9th grade. Additionally, we model the interactions of effects of class size, second language learners background, and lower socioeconomic status with these teaching techniques. We conclude that group work relates to more competency growth in math for second language learners, while classroom discussions relate to less growth for second language learners. Discussions relate to less growth in math competency for smaller classes and more growth in larger classes. Group work was also related to slower reading competency growth for children with a higher prior ability level. Findings are discussed in relation to existing theories of teaching techniques.
description: Frontiers in education;Vol. 5. 2020, Artikel Nr. 65
Export Performance in South Pacific Countries With Inadequate Endowments of Natural Resources: Cook Islands, Kiribati, Niue and Tuvalu, 1960 to 1999
Creators: name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Blowes, Anita
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Blowes, Anita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: export performance
subject: Cook Islands
subject: Kiribati
subject: Niue
subject: stochastic dominance
subject: Tuvalu

description: Stochastic dominance analysis was used to assess export performance in four South Pacific island countries with very limited natural resources: Cook Islands; Kiribati; Niue; and Tuvalu. Total export values declined significantly over the study period in all four countries, brought about by a significant decline in the value of agricultural exports while non-agricultural exports showed only small increases. Results seem to confirm the view that these countries have insufficient natural resource endowments for sustainable economic development without outside support. The fisheries sector holds the key to whether the economies under study (bar Niue) can transform themselves into productive ones by exploiting further the fishery resources within their EEZs to develop domestic fishing industries.
Optical detection of magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Suter, Dieter
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530
subject: Magnetische Resonanz
subject: Laserspektroskopie
subject: Drehimpulserhaltung

description: The combination of magnetic resonance with laser spectroscopy provides some interesting options for increasing the sensitivity and information content of magnetic resonance. This review covers the basic physics behind the relevant processes, such as angular momentum conservation during absorption and emission. This can be used to enhance the polarization of the spin system by orders of magnitude compared to thermal polarisation as well as for detection with sensitivities down to the level of individual spins. These fundamental principles have been used in many different fields. This review summarises some of the examples in different physical system, including atomic and molecular systems, dielectric solids composed of rare earth and transition metal ions and semiconductors.
description: Magnetic resonance;Vol.1. 2020, 1, p.115-139
Time-Varying Periodicity in Intraday Volatility
Creators: name: Andersen, Torben G.
name: Thyrsgaard, Martin
name: Todorov, Viktor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We develop a nonparametric test for whether return volatility exhibits time-varying intraday periodicity using a long time series of high-frequency data. Our null hypothesis, commonly adopted in work on volatility modeling, is that volatility follows a stationary process combined with a constant time-of-day periodic component. We construct time-of-day volatility estimates and studentize the high-frequency returns with these periodic components. If the intraday periodicity is invariant, then the distribution of the studentized returns should be identical across the trading day. Consequently, the test compares the empirical characteristic function of the studentized returns across the trading day. The limit distribution of the test depends on the error in recovering volatility from discrete return data and the empirical process error associated with estimating volatility moments through their sample counterparts. Critical values are computed via easy-to-implement simulation. In an empirical application to S&P 500 index returns, we find strong evidence for variation in the intraday volatility pattern driven in part by the current level of volatility. When volatility is elevated, the period preceding the market close constitutes a significantly higher fraction of the total daily integrated volatility than during low volatility regimes. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Contextuality based quantum conferencing
Creators: name: Bala, Rajni
name: Asthana, Sooryansh
name: Ravishankar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocality inequalities for multi-party systems act as contextuality inequalities for single qudit systems of suitable dimensions. In this paper, we propose the procedure for adaptation of nonlocality-based quantum conferencing protocols (QCPs) to contextuality-based QCPs. Unlike the nonlocality-based protocols, the proposed protocols do not involve nonlocal states. These protocols can also be implemented in a class of noisy channels without any compromise in the key generation rate. As an illustration of the procedure, we present a QCP based on Mermin's contextuality inequality. As a significant improvement, we propose a QCP based on CHSH contextuality inequality involving only four-dimensional states irrespective of the number of parties sharing the key. The key generation rate of the latter is twice that of the former. Although these QCPs allow for an eavesdropping attack which has no analog in nonlocality-based QCPs, a way out of this attack is demonstrated. Finally, we show the feasibility of experimental implementation of these protocols with orbital angular momentum (OAM) states.
description: 27 Pages, 12 figure
Hecke algebras for protonormal groups
Creators: name: Exel, Ruy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the term "protonormal" to refer to a subgroup H of a group G such that for every x in G the subgroups x^{-1}Hx and H commute as sets. If moreover (G,H) is a Hecke pair we show that the Hecke algebra H(G,H) is generated by the range of a canonical partial representation of G vanishing on H. As a consequence we show that there exists a maximum C*-norm on H(G,H), generalizing previous results by Brenken, Hall, Laca, Larsen, Kaliszewski, Landstad and Quigg. When there exists a normal subgroup N of G, containing H as a normal subgroup, we prove a new formula for the product of the generators and give a very clean description of H(G,H) in terms of generators and relations. We also give a description of H(G,H) as a crossed product relative to a twisted partial action of the group G/N on the group algebra of N/H. Based on our presentation of H(G,H) in terms of generators and relations we propose a generalized construction for Hecke algebras in case (G,H) does not satisfy the Hecke condition.
description: 35 pages, no figures
An Assessment of Commodity Export Performance in South Pacific Countries, 1960 to 1999
Creators: name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Blowes, Anita
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Blowes, Anita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: We examine export performance and the factors influencing export growth in ten South Pacific countries, concentrating on the comparative influences of geographic endowments, policies and institutions. The countries under study are Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Only Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands experienced a positive trend in total commodity export values. Agricultural export values grew significantly only in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Most countries experienced growth in non-agricultural commodity export values, albeit from a low base. As a general rule, export performance was superior for countries with richer endowments of natural resources. Geographic factors associated with small size impeded export performance in small South Pacific countries, in particular. Evidence suggests that export performance was not improved by good policies unless those policies were properly implemented. To be satisfactorily implemented, they required soundly operating and effective institutions. Unfortunately, institutional performance deteriorated over the study period and was likely to have adversely affected export performance, particularly in the primary industries.
Sparse Sliced Inverse Regression via Lasso
Creators: name: Lin, Qian
name: Zhao, Zhigen
name: S. Liu, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: For multiple index models, it has recently been shown that the sliced inverse regression (SIR) is consistent for estimating the sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) space if and only if ρ=limpn=0, where p is the dimension and n is the sample size. Thus, when p is of the same or a higher order of n, additional assumptions such as sparsity must be imposed in order to ensure consistency for SIR. By constructing artificial response variables made up from top eigenvectors of the estimated conditional covariance matrix, we introduce a simple Lasso regression method to obtain an estimate of the SDR space. The resulting algorithm, Lasso-SIR, is shown to be consistent and achieves the optimal convergence rate under certain sparsity conditions when p is of order o(n2λ2), where λ is the generalized signal-to-noise ratio. We also demonstrate the superior performance of Lasso-SIR compared with existing approaches via extensive numerical studies and several real data examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Chaining of hard disks in nematic needles: particle-based simulation of colloidal interactions in liquid crystals
Creators: name: Müller, David
name: Kampmann, Tobias Alexander
name: Kierfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Colloidal particles suspended in liquid crystals can exhibit various effective anisotropic interactions that can be tuned and utilized in self-assembly processes. We simulate a two-dimensional system of hard disks suspended in a solution of dense hard needles as a model system for colloids suspended in a nematic lyotropic liquid crystal. The novel event-chain Monte Carlo technique enables us to directly measure colloidal interactions in a microscopic simulation with explicit liquid crystal particles in the dense nematic phase. We find a directional short-range attraction for disks along the director, which triggers chaining parallel to the director and seemingly contradicts the standard liquid crystal field theory result of a quadrupolar attraction with a preferred 45∘ angle. Our results can be explained by a short-range density-dependent depletion interaction, which has been neglected so far. Directionality and strength of the depletion interaction are caused by the weak planar anchoring of hard rods. The depletion attraction robustly dominates over the quadrupolar elastic attraction if disks come close. Self-assembly of many disks proceeds via intermediate chaining, which demonstrates that in lyotropic liquid crystal colloids depletion interactions play an important role in structure formation processes.
description: Scientific reports;Vol. 10. 2020, Article number: 12718
A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN EQUILIBRIUM DISPLACEMENT MODELS: COMMENT
Creators: name: Griffiths, William E.
name: Zhao, Xueyan
name: Griffiths, William E.
name: Zhao, Xueyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: simulation
subject: probability distributions
subject: empirical quantiles

description: It is pointed out that the Chebychev confidence intervals and maximum p-values advocated by Davis and Espinoza for sensitivity analysis of equilibrium displacement models are unnecessary. Desired probability intervals and probabilities can be accurately estimated without resorting to gross approximations.
Texture Memory-Augmented Deep Patch-Based Image Inpainting
Creators: name: Xu, Rui
name: Guo, Minghao
name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Li, Xiaoxiao
name: Zhou, Bolei
name: Loy, Chen Change
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Patch-based methods and deep networks have been employed to tackle image inpainting problem, with their own strengths and weaknesses. Patch-based methods are capable of restoring a missing region with high-quality texture through searching nearest neighbor patches from the unmasked regions. However, these methods bring problematic contents when recovering large missing regions. Deep networks, on the other hand, show promising results in completing large regions. Nonetheless, the results often lack faithful and sharp details that resemble the surrounding area. By bringing together the best of both paradigms, we propose a new deep inpainting framework where texture generation is guided by a texture memory of patch samples extracted from unmasked regions. The framework has a novel design that allows texture memory retrieval to be trained end-to-end with the deep inpainting network. In addition, we introduce a patch distribution loss to encourage high-quality patch synthesis. The proposed method shows superior performance both qualitatively and quantitatively on three challenging image benchmarks, i.e., Places, CelebA-HQ, and Paris Street-View datasets.
description: Published on TIP. Project Page: https://nbei.github.io/tmad.html
The Blessings of Multiple Causes
Creators: name: Wang, Yixin
name: Blei, David M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Causal inference from observational data is a vital problem, but it comes with strong assumptions. Most methods assume that we observe all confounders, variables that affect both the causal variables and the outcome variables. This assumption is standard but it is also untestable. In this article, we develop the deconfounder, a way to do causal inference with weaker assumptions than the traditional methods require. The deconfounder is designed for problems of multiple causal inference: scientific studies that involve multiple causes whose effects are simultaneously of interest. Specifically, the deconfounder combines unsupervised machine learning and predictive model checking to use the dependencies among multiple causes as indirect evidence for some of the unobserved confounders. We develop the deconfounder algorithm, prove that it is unbiased, and show that it requires weaker assumptions than traditional causal inference. We analyze its performance in three types of studies: semi-simulated data around smoking and lung cancer, semi-simulated data around genome-wide association studies, and a real dataset about actors and movie revenue. The deconfounder is an effective approach to estimating causal effects in problems of multiple causal inference. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
title: Handbuch Projektstudium
title: Kompetenzorientiertes und selbstständiges Lernen im BA Rehabilitationspädagogik
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mann, Teresa
name: York, Jana
name: Pferdekämper-Schmidt, Anne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 370

description: Das Projektstudium ist ein begleitetes Selbststudium im dritten Studienjahr des BA-Studiengangs Rehabilitationspädagogik mit kompetenzorientierten Lehr- und Lernelementen. Im Fokus stehen • die Erweiterung des Theorie-Praxis-Transfers im Studium, • das disziplinübergreifende Forschende Lernen in praxisnahen Projekten, • die gezielte Förderung des selbstgesteuerten und kompetenzorientierten Lernens in heterogenen Gruppen • und der Erwerb akademischer Handlungskompetenzen. Die Projektarbeit umfasst berufsfeldorientierte Fragestellungen, die in einem gemeinsamen Prozess von Stu-dierenden, Lehrenden und Kooperationspartner_innen entwickelt und von den Studierenden eigenverantwortlich erarbeitet werden.
Modelling Disorder: the Cases of Wetting and DNA Denaturation
Creators: name: Ares, Saul
name: Sanchez, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the effect of the composition of the genetic sequence on the melting temperature of double stranded DNA, using some simple analytically solvable models proposed in the framework of the wetting problem. We review previous work on disordered versions of these models and solve them when there were not preexistent solutions. We check the solutions with Monte Carlo simulations and transfer matrix numerical calculations. We present numerical evidence that suggests that the logarithmic corrections to the critical temperature due to disorder, previously found in RSOS models, apply more generally to ASOS and continuous models. The agreement between the theoretical models and experimental data shows that, in this context, disorder should be the crucial ingredient of any model while other aspects may be kept very simple, an approach that can be useful for a wider class of problems. Our work has also implications for the existence of correlations in DNA sequences.
description: Final published version. Title and discussion modified. 6 pages, 3 figures
FRANSUZ TILI IMLOSIDAGI BA'ZI BIR KAMCHILIKLAR XUSUSIDA
Creators: name: Radjabov, Ruslan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada garchi fransuz tili ancha qadimiy va sayqallangan til bo’lishiga qaramasdan, hali ham tilda mavjud istisnolar tushunmovchiliklar xususida olimlarning fikr mulohazalari keltiriladi va misollar bilan tahlil qilinadi.