cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AFRICA'S CHANGING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: PAST AND PRESENT PARADIGMS AS A GUIDE TO THE FUTURE
Creators: name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: International Development

description: This paper looks at the often conflicting changes, frequently shaped by foreign institutions, that have affected policies for agricultural development in most Sub-Saharan African countries since the 1960s. Reviewing past and present paradigms, Delgado contends that none of the strategies, including today's, has provided a "magic bullet" for solving Africa's development problems. He argues that a new resolve by Africans to solve their own problems and a new willingness of international entities to invest heavily in African institutions hold the greatest hope for future development planning.
Evolution of Galactic Nuclei. I. orbital evolution of IMBH
Creators: name: Matsubayashi, Tatsushi
name: Makino, Junichiro
name: Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resent observations and theoretical interpretations suggest that IMBHs (intermediate-mass black hole) are formed in the centers of young and compact star clusters born close to the center of their parent galaxy. Such a star cluster would sink toward the center of the galaxy, and at the same time stars are stripped out of the cluster by the tidal field of the parent galaxy. We investigated the orbital evolution of the IMBH, after its parent cluster is completely disrupted by the tidal field of the parent galaxy, by means of large-scale N-body simulations. We constructed a model of the central region of our galaxy, with an SMBH (supermassive black hole) and Bahcall-Wolf stellar cusp, and placed an IMBH in a circular orbit of radius 0.086pc. The IMBH sinks toward the SMBH through dynamical friction, but dynamical friction becomes ineffective when the IMBH reached the radius inside which the initial stellar mass is comparable to the IMBH mass. This is because the IMBH kicks out the stars. This behavior is essentially the same as the loss-cone depletion observed in simulations of massive SMBH binaries. After the evolution through dynamical friction stalled, the eccentricity of the orbit of the IMBH goes up, resulting in the strong reduction in the merging timescale through gravitational wave radiation. Our result indicates that the IMBHs formed close to the galactic center can merge with the central SMBH in short time. The number of merging events detectable with DECIGO is estimated to be around 50 per year. Event rate for LISA would be similar or less, depending on the growth mode of IMBHs.
description: 12 pages, 24 figures, submitted to ApJ
A Prediction from the Type III See-saw Mechanism
Creators: name: Barr, S. M.
name: Dorsner, Ilja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple ansatz that is well-motivated by group-theoretical considerations is proposed in the context of the type III neutrino see-saw mechanism. It results in predictions for m_s/m_b and m_b/m_tau that relate these quantities to the masses and mixings of neutrinos.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, references added and various clarifications included, version to appear in PLB
Overlay of the Special Issue 'The Role of Halo Substructure in Gamma-Ray Dark Matter Searches'
Creators: name: Conde, Miguel Angel Sanchez
name: Doro, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important open question today is the understanding of the relevance that dark matter (DM) halo substructure may have for DM searches. In the standard cosmological framework, subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, i.e., galaxies like ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies -- the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy -- are already known to be excellent targets and, indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in their search for DM annihilation signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible baryonic counterpart may be good targets as well given their typical number densities and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the DM signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential of reaching the most relevant regions of the DM parameter space, a profound knowledge of the DM targets and scenarios being tested at present is mandatory if we aim for accurate predictions of DM-induced fluxes, for investing significant telescope observing time to selected targets, and for deriving robust conclusions from our DM search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. With the Special Issue "The Role of Halo Substructure in Gamma-Ray Dark Matter Searches" [https://www.mdpi.com/journal/galaxies/special_issues/Gamma-RayDMS], we aimed to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the DM halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, how we could address these and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research.
description: Special Issue in the Galaxies Journal
Rotating massive stars @ very low Z: high C and N production
Creators: name: Hirschi, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two series of models and their yields are presented in this paper. The first series consists of 20 Mo models with varying initial metallicity (solar down to $Z=10^{-8}$) and rotation (Vini=0-600 km/s). The second one consists of models with an initial metallicity of $Z=10^{-8}$, masses between 20 and 85 Mo and average rotation velocities at these metallicities (Vini=600-800 km/s). The most interesting models are the models with $Z=10^{-8}$ ([Fe/H]=~-6.6). In the course of helium burning, carbon and oxygen are mixed into the hydrogen burning shell. This boosts the importance of the shell and causes a reduction of the size of the CO core. Later in the evolution, the hydrogen shell deepens and produces large amount of primary nitrogen. For the most massive models (M>~60 Mo), significant mass loss occurs during the red supergiant stage. This mass loss is due to the surface enrichment in CNO elements via rotational and convective mixing. The yields of the fast rotating 20 Mo models can best reproduce (within our study) the observed abundances at the surface of extremely metal poor (EMP) stars. The wind of the massive models can reproduce the CNO abundances of the carbon--rich UMPs, in particular for the most metal poor star known to date, HE1327-2326.
description: (~) 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of "Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG05): New Horizon of Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology". Nov 8-11-2005, Tokyo, Japan, AIP conf. series, Ed. S. Kubono
Non-Boltzmann Statistics as an Alternative to Holography
Creators: name: Cantcheff, Marcelo Botta
name: Nogales, Jose A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An intriguing question related to black hole thermodynamics is that the entropy of a region shall scale as the area rather than the volume. In this essay we propose that the microscopical degrees of freedom contained in a given region of space, are statistically related in such a way that obey a non-standard statistics, in which case an holographic hypothesis would be not needed. This could provide us with some insight about the nature of degrees of freedom of the geometry and/or the way in which gravitation plays a role in the statistic correlation between the degrees of freedom of a system.
description: Presented in the 2005 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation. To appear in Int. Jour. of Mod. Phys. A
On super-Poissonian behavior of the Rosenzweig-Porter model in the non-ergodic extended regime
Creators: name: Berkovits, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rosenzweig-Porter model has seen a resurgence in interest as it exhibits a non-ergodic extended phase between the ergodic extended metallic phase and the localized phase. Such a phase is relevant to many physical models from the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model in high-energy physics and quantum gravity, to the interacting many-body localization in condensed matter physics and quantum computing. This phase is characterized by fractal behavior of the wavefunctions, and a postulated correlated mini-band structure of the energy spectrum. Here we will seek evidence for the latter in the spectrum. Since this behavior is expected on intermediate energy scales spectral rigidity is a natural way to tease it out. Nevertheless, due to the Thouless energy and ambiguities in the unfolding procedure, the results are inconclusive. On the other hand, by using the singular value decomposition method, clear evidence for a super-Poissonian behavior in this regime emerges, consistent with a picture of correlated mini-bands.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; Supplemental material: 2 pages, 2 figures
Oowekyala segmental phonology
Creators: name: Howe, Darin Mathew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation treats the sound pattern of Oowekyala, a nearly extinct Wakashan language of British Columbia. Proposed analyses are set in Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993). Following an introduction to the language (its speakers, their location, adjacent languages, etc.) and to the adopted theory, the discussion focuses on three dimensions of Oowekyala phonology: intrasegmental, intersegmental, and correspondence-related. The segment-internal (paradigmatic) phonology results from the interaction between lexical faithfulness and context-free markedness constraints. This interaction is discussed with respect to the various features that cross-classify the segment inventory of Oowekyala. For instance, it is argued that laryngeals are [+sonorant], that affricates are [-continuant], that [+voice] and [+constricted glottis] occur as floating elements and that these floaters may cause lenition (insertion of [+sonorant]), and that gutturals (uvulars and laryngeals) are [-ATR]. Intersegmental (syntagmatic) patterns result from the interaction between lexical faithfulness and context-sensitive markedness constraints. Patterns discussed include: rounding of obstruents, degemination, spirantisation/deocclusivisation, continuancy dissimilation, voicing neutralisation, allophonic vowel lowering and resonant debuccalisation. Exceptional phonological patterns that cannot be explained through the interaction between input-output faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints are addressed last. It is proposed that these exceptional patterns reflect various correspondence relations (cf. McCarthy & Prince1995, 1999 on Correspondence Theory): base-reduplicant correspondence, output-to-output correspondence, and candidate-to-candidate correspondence.
X-Ray and Infrared Enhancement of Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 2259+58
Creators: name: Ertan, U.
name: Gogus, E.
name: Alpar, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long term (~1.5 years) X-ray enhancement and the accompanying infrared enhancement light curves of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+58 following the major bursting epoch can be accounted for by the relaxation of a fall back disk that has been pushed back by a gamma-ray flare. The required burst energy estimated from the results of our model fits is low enough for such a burst to have remained below the detection limits. We find that an irradiated disk model with a low irradiation efficiency is in good agreement with both X-ray and infrared data. Non-irradiated disk models also give a good fit to the X-ray light curve, but are not consistent with the infrared data for the first week of the enhancement.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The validity of Cassie's law: A simple exercise using a simplified model
Creators: name: Iwamatsu, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contact angle of a macroscopic droplet on a heterogeneous but flat substrate is studied using the interface displacement model which can lead to the augmented Young-Laplace equation. Droplets under the condition of constant volume as well as constant vapor pressure are considered. By assuming a cylindrical liquid-vapor surface (meniscus) and minimizing the total free energy of the interface displacement model, we derive an equation which is similar but different from the well known Cassie's law. Our modified Cassie's law is essentially the same as the formula obtained previously by Marmur [J.Colloid Interface Sci. {\bf 168}, 40 (1994)]. A few consequences from this modified Cassie's law will be briefly described in the following sections of this paper. Several sets of recent experimental results seem to support the validity of our modified Cassie's law.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Polynomial equations with one catalytic variable, algebraic series, and map enumeration
Creators: name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
name: Jehanne, Arnaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: Let $F(t,u)\equiv F(u)$ be a formal power series in $t$ with polynomial coefficients in $u$. Let $F\_1, ..., F\_k$ be $k$ formal power series in $t$, independent of $u$. Assume all these series are characterized by a polynomial equation $$ P(F(u), F\_1, ..., F\_k, t, u)=0. $$ We prove that, under a mild hypothesis on the form of this equation, these $(k+1)$ series are algebraic, and we give a strategy to compute a polynomial equation for each of them. This strategy generalizes the so-called kernel method, and quadratic method, which apply respectively to equations that are linear and quadratic in $F(u)$. Applications include the solution of numerous map enumeration problems, among which the hard-particle model on general planar maps.
Theoretical Studies of Comets in the 55 Cancri System
Creators: name: Dvorak, Rudolf
name: Loibnegger, Birgit
name: Cuntz, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present orbital integrations for various Jupiter family comets (JFCs) in the 55 Cancri system. This star is known to possess (at least) five planets with masses ranging from super-Earth to Jupiter-type. Furthermore, according to observational constraints, there is a space without planets between ~0.8 au and ~5.7 au, offering the principal possibility of habitable terrestrial planets, including long-term orbital stability. Hence, there is a stark motivation for the study of comets in the 55 Cnc system noting that comets are viewed a viable candidate mechanism for the delivery of water to Earth-type planets located in stellar habitable zones. However, our study shows that the duration of stability of JFC analogs in the 55 Cnc system is much shorter compared to comets in the Solar System owing to profound differences in the planetary structure of the systems. For example, between planet 55 Cnc-f and 55~Cnc-d, the comets do not undergo close cometary encounters akin to Earth and Mars in the Solar System as the planetary masses in the 55 Cnc system are much larger than in the Solar System and therefore the comets are much less orbitally stable. Nevertheless, we expect an increased number of comet-planet encounters as well as cometary collisions in the 0.8 / 5.7 au gap. Future observations and additional theoretical studies are required to shed light on the possibility of habitable terrestrial planets in the 55 Cnc system, including the possible role(s) of exocomets in the facilitation of planetary habitability.
description: Accepted by MNRAS; 9 pages incl. 9 figures, 5 tables
Boelens, Wim L.: Die Arnoldshainer Abendmahlsthesen
Creators: name: Peters, Albrecht
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1966): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 15, Heft 4
On coalescence as the origin of nuclei in hadronic collisions
Creators: name: Bellini, Francesca
name: Blum, Kfir
name: Kalweit, Alexander Phillip
name: Puccio, Maximiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of weakly-bound nuclear clusters in hadronic collisions is a key question to be addressed by heavy-ion collision (HIC) experiments. The measured yields of clusters are approximately consistent with expectations from phenomenological statistical hadronisation models (SHMs), but a theoretical understanding of the dynamics of cluster formation prior to kinetic freeze out is lacking. The competing model is nuclear coalescence, which attributes cluster formation to the effect of final state interactions (FSI) during the propagation of the nuclei from kinetic freeze out to the observer. This phenomenon is closely related to the effect of FSI in imprinting femtoscopic correlations between continuum pairs of particles at small relative momentum difference. We give a concise theoretical derivation of the coalescence--correlation relation, predicting nuclear cluster spectra from femtoscopic measurements. We review the fact that coalescence derives from a relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equation, and recall how effective quantum mechanics controls the dynamics of cluster particles that are nonrelativistic in the cluster centre of mass frame. We demonstrate that the coalescence--correlation relation is roughly consistent with the observed cluster spectra in systems ranging from PbPb to pPb and pp collisions. Paying special attention to nuclear wave functions, we derive the coalescence prediction for hypertriton and show that it, too, is roughly consistent with the data. Our work motivates a combined experimental programme addressing femtoscopy and cluster production under a unified framework. Upcoming pp, pPb and peripheral PbPb data analysed within such a programme could stringently test coalescence as the origin of clusters.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Resonant x-ray scattering study on multiferroic BiMnO3
Creators: name: Yang, C. -H.
name: Koo, J.
name: Song, C.
name: Koo, T. Y.
name: Lee, K. -B.
name: Jeong, Y. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant x-ray scattering is performed near the Mn K-absorption edge for an epitaxial thin film of BiMnO3. The azimuthal angle dependence of the resonant (003) peak (in monoclinic indices) is measured with different photon polarizations; for the $σ\toπ'$ channel a 3-fold symmetric oscillation is observed in the intensity variation, while the $σ\toσ'$ scattering intensity remains constant. These features are accounted for in terms of the peculiar ordering of the manganese 3d orbitals in BiMnO3. It is demonstrated that the resonant peak persists up to 770 K with an anomaly around 440 K; these high and low temperatures coincide with the structural transition temperatures, seen in bulk, with and without a symmetry change, respectively. A possible relationship of the orbital order with the ferroelectricity of the system is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Two-dimensional electrons at a cleaved semiconductor surface: Observation of the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Tsuji, Yukihide
name: Mochizuki, Toshimitsu
name: Okamoto, Tohru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-temperature in-plane magnetotransport measurements have been performed on adsorbate-induced electron systems formed at in-situ cleaved surfaces of p-type InAs. The Ag-coverage dependence of the surface electron density strongly supports a simple model based on a surface donor level lying above the conduction band minimum. The observations of the quantized Hall resistance and zero longitudinal resistivity demonstrate the perfect two-dimensionality of the surface electron system. We also observed the Rashba effect due to the strong asymmetry of the confining potential well.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Appl. Phys. Lett
TO TELL THE TRUTH ON FARM SUBSIDIES
Creators: name: Mussell, Al
name: Ross, Brent
name: Mussell, Al
name: Ross, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: There has been a lot of public discussion about farm incomes in Canada and the role of agricultural subsidies. Lawrence Solomon of the Urban Enterprise Institute has been at the forefront of these discussions. His argument is that as a result of exorbitant subsidies, the government is sponsoring the industrialization of agriculture, which threatens the family farm at untold environmental costs. This is a surprising line of reasoning, given that the more common argument is that subsidies misallocate resources in such a way that smaller, less efficient farms can persist when they otherwise couldn't, and that subsidies cause farmers to more intensely farm an acre of land. In fact, it is primarily the small farm advocates that argue for more subsidies. In any case, the significant claim made by Mr. Solomon is that government subsidies exceed the value contributed by agriculture to the Canadian economy. This claim is patently false, and only serves to confuse the public's understanding of the current income situation of Canadian grain and oilseed farmers. This misconception must be corrected.
Rapidly rotating compact stars in Rastall's gravity
Creators: name: da Silva, F. M.
name: Santos, L. C. N.
name: Barros, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study rapidly rotating stars by considering the Rastall theory of gravity. We obtain and solve the equations by numerical methods for two usual parametrization of polytropic stars. Then the mass-radius relations, moments of inertia and other results of interest are obtained and compared with the ones for non-rotating stars.
THE WTO DAIRY EXPORT DECISION: WHAT NEXT FOR GROWTH IN THE CANADIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Mussell, Al
name: Mussell, Al
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Canadian dairy industry received the most unwanted of all presents just prior to Christmas 2002- a clear loss on the dairy export issue upon final WTO appeal. This leaves the Canadian dairy industry with protracted challenges if it is to grow in the future. It appears to be the final chapter in the long running WTO-Canadian dairy export saga, which we first analyzed in a George Morris Centre Special Report about 3 years ago. Now the challenges associated with the implications of the WTO decision must be faced. The purpose of this paper is to outline the basic points advanced by Canada, and by New Zealand and the US in the WTO appeal, and to illustrate the importance of the WTO decision in the context of growth in the Canadian dairy industry. Finally, the apparent challenges laid down by the WTO decision are analyzed in the context of needs for new marketing research to reform the milk marketing system.
BSDE with quadratic growth and unbounded terminal value
Creators: name: Briand, Philippe
name: Hu, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10

description: In this paper, we study the existence of solution to BSDE with quadratic growth and unbounded terminal value. We apply a localization procedure together with a priori bounds. As a byproduct, we apply the same method to extend a result on BSDEs with integrable terminal condition.
A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT FUND; FINAL REPORT
Creators: name: Mayer, Holly
name: Grier, Kevin
name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Mayer, Holly
name: Grier, Kevin
name: Martin, Larry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The Beef Industry Development Fund, (BIDF), is a joint industry, federal and provincial initiative that was established to support innovative projects which would increase the competitiveness of the Canadian beef industry. The BIDF amounted to nearly $25 million dollars over a period of five years from 1995 to the end of 2000. The initiatives funded by BIDF were primarily targeted to domestic and export market development, research, training and technology. This paper is the performance measures evaluation of the Beef Industry Development Fund. Performance research management determines how well the recommended actions are being carried out and what benefits in sales and profits are being realized. Performance measurement benchmarks performance against preestablished goals. The George Morris Centre uses a performance measurement system which begins with the "big picture goals." The goals of the program are the key to the evaluation. All actions and results are evaluated as to their effectiveness in achieving the goals. We then evaluate the broad-based actions and programs which are designed to achieve those goals.
Supergravitational turbulent thermal convection
Creators: name: Jiang, Hechuan
name: Zhu, Xiaojue
name: Wang, Dongpu
name: Huisman, Sander G.
name: Sun, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-Rayleigh number convective turbulence is ubiquitous in many natural phenomena and in industries, such as atmospheric circulations, oceanic flows, flows in the fluid core of planets, and energy generations. In this work, we present a novel approach to boost the Rayleigh number in thermal convection by exploiting centrifugal acceleration and rapidly rotating a cylindrical annulus to reach an effective gravity of 60 times Earth's gravity. We show that in the regime where the Coriolis effect is strong, the scaling exponent of Nusselt number versus Rayleigh number exceeds one-third once the Rayleigh number is large enough. The convective rolls revolve in prograde direction, signifying the emergence of zonal flow. The present findings open a new avenue on the exploration of high-Rayleigh number turbulent thermal convection and will improve the understanding of the flow dynamics and heat transfer processes in geophysical and astrophysical flows and other strongly rotating systems.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Science Advances
ONTARIO PEAS, BEANS AND CORN 1997 & 1998 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS STUDY
Creators: name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Grier, Kevin
name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Grier, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study was conducted at the request of the Ontario Vegetable Growers' Marketing Board, the Ontario Food Processors Association, and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. The study seeks to determine the competitiveness of the peas, beans and sweet corn processing industry in Ontario. The primary competing jurisdictions examined were the US midwest and Quebec. In order to accomplish the task, the study examined the following topics in Ontario and competing regions: - Industry Structure and Overview -market trends, -acreage, yields and production trends, -international trade -plant numbers and size, sales/value added - Overview of Field to Pad Costs - A review of the Ontario contract agreements in relation to provisions in other regions. - The strengths and weakness of Ontario relative to other regions and the source of difference between regions.
Sub-arcsec imaging of the AB Aur molecular disk and envelope at millimeter wavelengths: a non Keplerian disk
Creators: name: Piétu, Vincent
name: Guilloteau, Stéphane
name: Dutrey, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present sub-arcsecond images of AB Auriga obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer in the isotopologues of CO, and in continuum at 3 and 1.3 mm. Instead of being centrally peaked, the continuum emission is dominated by a bright, asymmetric (spiral-like) feature at about 140 AU from the central star. The large scale molecular structure suggests the AB Aur disk is inclined between 23 and 43 degrees, but the strong asymmetry of the continuum and molecular emission prevents an accurate determination of the inclination of the inner parts. We find significant non-Keplerian motion, with a best fit exponent for the rotation velocity law of 0.41 +/- 0.01, but no evidence for radial motions. The disk has an inner hole about 70 AU in radius. The disk is warm and shows no evidence of depletion of CO. The dust properties suggest the dust is less evolved than in typical T Tauri disks. Both the spiral-like feature and the departure from purely Keplerian motions indicates the AB Aur disk is not in quasi-equilibrium. Disk self-gravity is insufficient to create the perturbation. This behavior may be related either to an early phase of star formation in which the Keplerian regime is not yet fully established and/or to a disturbance of yet unknown origin. An alternate, but unproven, possibility is that of a low mass companion located about 40 AU from AB Aur.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Heterogeneous preferences of citizens towards agricultural ecosystem services: the demand relevance in a choice experiment
Creators: name: Tienhaara, Annika
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Pouta, Eija
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Agri-environmental policies affect many ecosystem services from agricultural environments. Valuing ecosystem services with choice experiments requires operationalization of these services for the survey and a careful attribute selection process, as the attributes need to be relevant to respondents. In this paper, we expand the concept of demand relevance of attributes to include not only the importance of ecosystem services to the respondent, but also the success in the supply of these services and the need to improve them. We examined this in the context of citizens’ preferences for ecosystem services from agri-environments. The results revealed five citizen groups with differing preferences. Respondents with high demand relevance for ES in the survey were divided into those emphasizing existence values and those emphasizing ES more directly related to the human use of ecosystems. In turn, low demand relevance for the ES was associated with a non-significant cost attribute, preventing the estimation of WTP for these respondents, and led to anomalies in choices. Our findings emphasize the need to take respondents’ heterogeneity with respect to preferences, but also to demand relevance, into account in data analysis and support the inclusion of other factors than the importance of attributes when examining demand relevance.
The surprisingly carbon-rich environment of the S-type star W Aql
Creators: name: De Beck, E.
name: Olofsson, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: W Aql is an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star with an atmospheric elemental abundance ratio C/O$\approx$0.98 and reported circumstellar molecular abundances intermediate between those of M-type (C/O$$1) AGB stars. This intermediate status is considered typical for S-type stars, although our understanding of the chemical content of their circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) is currently rather limited. We performed observations in the frequency range 159-268 GHz with the APEX telescope and make abundance estimates through comparison to available spectra towards some well-studied AGB stars and based on rotational diagram analysis in the case of SiC2. We conclude that W Aql's CSE appears considerably closer to that of a C-type AGB star than to that of an M-type AGB star. In particular, we detect emission from C2H, SiC2, SiN, and HC3N, molecules previously only detected towards the CSEs of C-type stars. This conclusion, based on the chemistry of the gaseous component of the CSE, is further supported by reports in the literature on the presence of atmospheric molecular bands and spectral features of dust species typical for C-type AGB stars. Although our observations mainly trace species in the outer regions of the CSE, our conclusion matches closely that based on recent chemical equilibrium models for the inner wind of S-type stars: the atmospheric and circumstellar chemistry of S-type stars likely resembles that of C-type AGB stars much more closely than that of M-type AGB stars. Further observational investigation of the gaseous circumstellar chemistry of S-type stars is required to characterise its dependence on the atmospheric C/O. Non-equilibrium chemical models of the CSEs of AGB stars need to address the particular class of S-type stars and the chemical variety that is induced by the range in atmospheric C/O.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures (+26 pages appendix) Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Environment, economics, and consumption : conflicting cultural models
Creators: name: Simpson, Beth Michaela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rising evidence of environmental degradation led to rising levels of public as well as scientific concern about environmental issues in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Part of the Prospect for Sustainability in the Lower Fraser Basin project, this sociological study uses Cultural Modelling theory to explain why, when so many people express concern for the environment, so few people are actively involved in forms of environmental activism, especially those that call for real commitment. Two main questions were investigated: First, are dominant economic and consumption cultural models more salient to most respondents than cultural models of the environment? Second, is it the case that individuals who are seriously committed to and actively participate in behaviours targeted at the protection of the environment, are less likely to hold the dominant cultural models of the economy and of consumption? Data from three samples were compared. One sample consisted of responses from 107 purposefully sampled community leaders from Abbotsford, BC, a community known to have environmental problems. The other two samples come from a randomly sampled survey. One sample was based on the population of British Columbia (N=1533), the other is an oversample of Abbotsford (N= 100) from the same study. Respondents from all data sets were asked a series of questions regarding which sorts of behaviours supporting environmental issues they participated in, and which forms environmentally friendly consumption they engage in. Other questions measured opinion regarding the environment and economics. Statistical analyses reveal widespread concern for the environment but very little in the way of committed behaviour regarding the protection of the environment. The findings also show a very widespread acceptance of economic cultural models supporting economic growth and strong economies. The research concludes that those individuals who embrace an ecological stance, while rejecting dominant cultural models of economic growth and consumption, are more likely to behave in ways that minimize their impact on the environment. The study also calls for a different environmental discourse that confronts and insistently attacks dominant cultural models and the taken-for-granted assumptions we live with.
INCORPORATING CURRENT INFORMATION INTO HISTORICAL-AVERAGE-BASED FORECASTS TO IMPROVE CROP PRICE BASIS FORECASTS
Creators: name: Taylor, Mykel R.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Taylor, Mykel R.
name: Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Being able to accurately predict basis is critical for making marketing and management decisions. Basis forecasts can be used along with futures prices to provide cash price projections. Additionally, basis forecasts are needed to evaluate hedging opportunities. Many studies have examined factors affecting basis but few have explicitly examined the ability to forecast basis. Studies have shown basis forecasts based on simple historical averages compare favorably with more complex forecasting models. However, these studies typically have considered only a 3-year historical average for forecasting basis. This research compares practical methods of forecasting basis for wheat, soybeans, corn, and milo (grain sorghum) in Kansas. Across most of the multiple-year forecast methods considered, absolute basis forecast errors were slightly higher for the harvest forecasts than the post-harvest forecasts. Using an historical 3-year average to forecast basis for wheat and soybeans was optimal as compared to other multiple-year forecasts. For corn and milo, a 2-year average was the optimal multiple-year forecast method. Incorporating current market information, such as current nearby basis deviation from an historical average, into a harvest basis forecast improves accuracy for only the 4 weeks ahead of harvest vantage point, but improves the accuracy of post-harvest basis forecasts (24 weeks after harvest) from nearly all vantage points considered.
On the origin of bimodal duration distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Janiuk, A.
name: Czerny, B.
name: Moderski, R.
name: Cline, D. B.
name: Matthey, C.
name: Otwinowski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modified version of a bullet model for gamma ray bursts is studied. The central engine of the source produces multiple sub-jets that are contained within a cone. The emission of photons in the source frame of a sub-jet either takes part in an infinitesimally thin shell, or during its expansion for a finite time. The analysis of the observed profiles of GRBs taken by BATSE leads us to the conclusion that the latter possibility is much more favored. We also study the statistical distribution of GRBs, in the context of their bimodality of durations, taking into account the detector's capability of observing the signal above a certain flux limit. The model with shells emitting for a finite time is able to reproduce only one class of bursts, short or long, depending on the adopted physical parameters. Therefore we suggest that the GRB bimodality is intrinsically connected with two separate classes of sources.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures; accepted by MNRAS. Small changes to match the corre cted proofs
Massive suppression of proximity pairing in topological (Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_{x})_2$Te$_3$ films on niobium
Creators: name: Hlevyack, Joseph A.
name: Najafzadeh, Sahand
name: Lin, Meng-Kai
name: Hashimoto, Takahiro
name: Nagashima, Tsubaki
name: Tsuzuki, Akihiro
name: Fukushima, Akiko
name: Bareille, Cédric
name: Bai, Yang
name: Chen, Peng
name: Liu, Ro-Ya
name: Li, Yao
name: Flötotto, David
name: Avila, José
name: Eckstein, James N.
name: Shin, Shik
name: Okazaki, Kozo
name: Chiang, T. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacing bulk conducting topological Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with s-wave superconductors initiates strong superconducting order in the nontrivial surface states. However, bulk insulating topological (Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_{x})_2$Te$_3$ films on bulk Nb instead exhibit a giant attenuation of surface superconductivity, even for films only two-layers thick. This massive suppression of proximity pairing is evidenced by ultrahigh-resolution band mappings and by contrasting quantified superconducting gaps with those of heavily n-doped topological Bi$_2$Se$_3$/Nb. The results underscore the limitations of using superconducting proximity effects to realize topological superconductivity in nearly intrinsic systems.
description: Accepted at Physical Review Letters: https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/b0073Y70Ddc12c71a13a3ac871102f6c7e1a1bd7b
Enhanced thermopower in an intergrowth cobalt oxide Li$_{0.48}$Na$_{0.35}$CoO$_{2}$
Creators: name: Ren, Zhi
name: Shen, Jingqin
name: Jiang, Shuai
name: Chen, Xiaoyang
name: Feng, Chunmu
name: Xu, Zhu'an
name: Cao, Guanghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurements of thermopower, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity in a complex cobalt oxide Li$_{0.48}$Na$_{0.35}$CoO$_{2}$, whose crystal structure can be viewed as an intergrowth of the O3 phase of Li$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ and the P2 phase of Na$_{y}$CoO$_{2}$ along the c axis. The compound shows large room-temperature thermopower of $\sim$180 $μ$V/K, which is substantially higher than those of Li$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ and Na$_{y}$CoO$_{2}$. The figure of merit for the polycrystalline sample increases rapidly with increasing temperature, and it achieves nearly 10$^{-4}$ K$^{-1}$ at 300 K, suggesting that Li$_{x}$Na$_{y}$CoO$_{2}$ system is a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications.
description: Submitted to APL
Leidl, August: die Einheit der Kirchen auf den spätmittelalterlichen Konzilien
Creators: name: Küppers, Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1966): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 15, Heft 4
ACCURACY OF GRID PRICING: AN EVALUATION USING WHOLESALE VALUES OF FED CATTLE
Creators: name: Kovanda, Joseph T.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Wheeler, Tommy L.
name: Kovanda, Joseph T.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Wheeler, Tommy L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Grid pricing is one of the beef industry's answers to improving value coordination in fed cattle transactions. This paper constructs individual carcass-level grid and wholesale beef values. These values are used to evaluate the level of value communication that occurs between wholesale and grid values of beef. Furthermore, the values are used to estimate grid premiums/discounts that improve value communication. Results indicate that value coordination could be improved by modifying grid premiums/discounts.
GENERALIZED HEDGE RATIO ESTIMATION WITH AN UNKNOWN MODEL
Creators: name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Myers and Thompson (1989) pioneered the concept of a generalized approach to estimating hedge ratios, pointing out that the model specification could have a large impact on the hedge ratio estimated. While a huge empirical literature exists on estimating hedge ratios, the literature is lacking a formal treatment of model specification uncertainty. This research accomplishes that task by taking a Bayesian approach to hedge ratio estimation, where specification uncertainty is explicitly modeled. Specifically, we present a Bayesian approach to hedge ratio estimation that integrates over model specification uncertainty, yielding an optimal hedge ratio estimator that is robust to possible model specification because it is an average across a set of hedge ratios conditional on di erent models. Model specifications vary by exogenous variables (such as exports, stocks, and interest rates) and lag lengths included. The methodology is applied to data on corn and soybeans and results show the potential benefits and insights gained from such an approach.
A localised subgrid scale model for fluid dynamical simulations in astrophysics I: Theory and numerical tests
Creators: name: Schmidt, W.
name: Niemeyer, J. C.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a one-equation subgrid scale model that evolves the turbulence energy corresponding to unresolved velocity fluctuations in large eddy simulations. The model is derived in the context of the Germano consistent decomposition of the hydrodynamical equations. The eddy-viscosity closure for the rate of energy transfer from resolved toward subgrid scales is localised by means of a dynamical procedure for the computation of the closure parameter. Therefore, the subgrid scale model applies to arbitrary flow geometry and evolution. For the treatment of microscopic viscous dissipation a semi-statistical approach is used, and the gradient-diffusion hypothesis is adopted for turbulent transport. A priori tests of the localised eddy-viscosity closure and the gradient-diffusion closure are made by analysing data from direct numerical simulations. As an a posteriori testing case, the large eddy simulation of thermonuclear combustion in forced isotropic turbulence is discussed. We intend the formulation of the subgrid scale model in this paper as a basis for more advanced applications in numerical simulations of complex astrophysical phenomena involving turbulence.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astron. Astrophys.; 3D visualisations not included; complete PDF version can be downloaded from http://www.astro.uni-wuerzburg.de/%7Eschmidt/Paper/SGSModel_I_AA.pdf
Variational Quantum Algorithm for Estimating the Quantum Fisher Information
Creators: name: Beckey, Jacob L.
name: Cerezo, M.
name: Sone, Akira
name: Coles, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quantum Fisher information (QFI) quantifies the ultimate precision of estimating a parameter from a quantum state, and can be regarded as a reliability measure of a quantum system as a quantum sensor. However, estimation of the QFI for a mixed state is in general a computationally demanding task. In this work we present a variational quantum algorithm called Variational Quantum Fisher Information Estimation (VQFIE) to address this task. By estimating lower and upper bounds on the QFI, based on bounding the fidelity, VQFIE outputs a range in which the actual QFI lies. This result can then be used to variationally prepare the state that maximizes the QFI, for the application of quantum sensing. In contrast to previous approaches, VQFIE does not require knowledge of the explicit form of the sensor dynamics. We simulate the algorithm for a magnetometry setup and demonstrate the tightening of our bounds as the state purity increases. For this example, we compare our bounds to literature bounds and show that our bounds are tighter.
description: v2: significantly revised manuscript according to peer reviews