cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Corporate Management in the Age of AI
Creators: name: Petrin, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Recent media reports and press releases have created the impression that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is on the verge of assuming an important role in corporate management. While, upon closer inspection, it turns out that these stories should not always be taken at face value, they clearly highlight AI’s growing importance in management and hint at the enormous changes that corporate leadership may experience in the future. This Article attempts to anticipate that future by exploring a thought experiment on corporate management and AI. It argues that it is not an insurmountable step from AI generating and suggesting expert decisions (which is already common today) to AI making these decisions autonomously. The Article then proceeds based on the assumption that next-generation AI will be able to take over the management of business organizations and explores the corporate law and governance consequences of this development. In doing so, the Article focuses on the fundamental areas of corporate leadership and management structures, managerial liability, and the corporate purpose. It also considers the phenomenon of algorithmic entities and leaderless entities.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 3
Biogas crops grown in energy crop rotations: Linking chemical composition and methane production characteristics
Creators: name: Herrmann, Christiane
name: Idler, Christine
name: Heiermann, Monika
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Anaerobic digestion
subject: Silage
subject: Methane yield
subject: Lignin
subject: Multiple regression analyses
subject: 630

description: Methane production characteristics and chemical composition of 405 silages from 43 different crop species were examined using uniform laboratory methods, with the aim to characterise a wide range of crop feedstocks from energy crop rotations and to identify main parameters that influence biomass quality for biogas production. Methane formation was analysed from chopped and over 90 days ensiled crop biomass in batch anaerobic digestion tests without further pre-treatment. Lignin content of crop biomass was found to be the most significant explanatory variable for specific methane yields while the methane content and methane production rates were mainly affected by the content of nitrogen-free extracts and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. The accumulation of butyric acid and alcohols during the ensiling process had significant impact on specific methane yields and methane contents of crop silages. It is proposed that products of silage fermentation should be considered when evaluating crop silages for biogas production.
Cosmology in bimetric theory with an effective composite coupling to matter
Creators: name: Gumrukcuoglu, A. Emir
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Tanahashi, Norihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmology of bimetric theory with a composite matter coupling. We find two possible branches of background evolution. We investigate the question of stability of cosmological perturbations. For the tensor and vector perturbations, we derive conditions on the absence of ghost and gradient instabilities. For the scalar modes, we obtain conditions for avoiding ghost degrees. In the first branch, we find that one of the scalar modes becomes a ghost at the late stages of the evolution. Conversely, this problem can be avoided in the second branch. However, we also find that the constraint for the second branch prevents the doubly coupled matter fields from being the standard ingredients of cosmology. We thus conclude that a realistic and stable cosmological model requires additional minimally coupled matter fields.
description: 22 pages
Supporting information for: "The Mixed Cumulative Probit: A multivariate generalization of transition analysis that accommodates variation in the shape, spread, and structure of data" by Kyra Stull et al.
Creators: name: Stull, Kyra E.
name: Chu, Elaine Y.
name: Corron, Louise K.
name: Price, Michael H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computer Software
subject: Computational Biology

description: Biological data are frequently nonlinear, heteroskedastic and conditionally dependent, and often researchers deal with missing data. To account for characteristics common in biological data in one algorithm, we developed the mixed cumulative probit (MCP), a novel latent trait model that is a formal generalization of the cumulative probit model usually used in transition analysis. Specifically, the MCP accommodates heteroskedasticity, mixtures of ordinal and continuous variables, missing values, conditional dependence and alternative specifications of the mean response and noise response. Cross-validation selects the best model parameters (mean response and the noise response for simple models, as well as conditional dependence for multivariate models), and the Kullback–Leibler divergence evaluates information gain during posterior inference to quantify mis-specified models (conditionally dependent versus conditionally independent). Two continuous and four ordinal skeletal and dental variables collected from 1296 individuals (aged birth to 22 years) from the Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database are used to introduce and demonstrate the algorithm. In addition to describing the features of the MCP, we provide material to help fit novel datasets using the MCP. The flexible, general formulation with model selection provides a process to robustly identify the modelling assumptions that are best suited for the data at hand.
Making Disclosure Work for Start-Up Employees
Creators: name: Aran, Yifat
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Equity-based compensation of startup employees is attracting growing and skeptical attention in academia and the media. Legal and finance scholars have raised concerns that employees are misinformed regarding the value of their equity grants in a manner that could distort their employment and investment decisions. This Article addresses these emerging concerns by articulating a theoretical and practical framework for the regulation of start-up employees’ human capital investments. This framework balances the confidentiality interests of employers with employees’ need for ongoing and realistic valuation of the return on their labor. Start-ups commonly rely on Rule 701 of the Securities Act to grant equity-based compensation to their employees without registering these securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This Article describes the flaws of the current regulation and proposes concrete amendments including (1) replacing the requirement to disclose the issuer’s financial statements with a requirement to disclose fair market valuation and exit waterfall analysis; (2) changing the threshold that triggers the enhanced disclosure requirement from when the company issues equity-based compensation exceeding $10 million within a twelve month period, to when the company issues securities to at least 100 employees, and these securities aggregately convey over 10% ownership in any class of shares; and (3) advancing the timing of the disclosure from its current post-employment stage to the offer letter stage.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 3
Speaker Identification From Youtube Obtained Data
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Nitesh Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T10 (Primary), 62H30, 68T50 (Secondary)

description: An efficient, and intuitive algorithm is presented for the identification of speakers from a long dataset (like YouTube long discussion, Cocktail party recorded audio or video).The goal of automatic speaker identification is to identify the number of different speakers and prepare a model for that speaker by extraction, characterization and speaker-specific information contained in the speech signal. It has many diverse application specially in the field of Surveillance, Immigrations at Airport, cyber security, transcription in multi-source of similar sound source, where it is difficult to assign transcription arbitrary. The most commonly speech parametrization used in speaker verification, K-mean, cepstral analysis, is detailed. Gaussian mixture modeling, which is the speaker modeling technique is then explained. Gaussian mixture models (GMM), perhaps the most robust machine learning algorithm has been introduced examine and judge carefully speaker identification in text independent. The application or employment of Gaussian mixture models for monitoring & Analysing speaker identity is encouraged by the familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience that Gaussian spectrum depict the characteristics of speaker's spectral conformational pattern and remarkable ability of GMM to construct capricious densities after that we illustrate 'Expectation maximization' an iterative algorithm which takes some arbitrary value in initial estimation and carry on the iterative process until the convergence of value is observed,so by doing various number of experiments we are able to obtain 79 ~ 82% of identification rate using Vector quantization and 85 ~ 92.6% of identification rate using GMM modeling by Expectation maximization parameter estimation depending on variation of parameter.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 Table, Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ) Vol.5, No.5, October 2014
Titration in Canonical and Grand-Canonical Ensembles
Creators: name: Bakhshandeh, Amin
name: Levin, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss problems associated with the notion of pH in heterogeneous systems. For homogeneous systems, standardization protocols lead to a well defined quantity, which although different from Sørensen's original idea of pH, is well reproducible and has become accepted as the measure of the ``hydrogen potential". On the other hand, for heterogeneous systems, pH defined in terms of the chemical part of the electrochemical activity is thermodynamically inconsistent and runs afoul of the Gibbs-Guggenheim principle that forbids splitting of the electrochemical potential into separate chemical and electrostatic parts -- since only the sum of two has any thermodynamic meaning. The problem is particularly relevant for modern simulation methods which involve charge regulation of proteins, polyelectrolytes, nanoparticles, colloidal suspensions etc. In this paper we show that titration isotherms calculated using semi-grand canonical simulations can be very different from the ones obtained using canonical reactive Monte Carlo simulations.
Mathematical model for a heat pump dryer for aromatic plant
Creators: name: Hossain, Mohammed Ayub
name: Gottschalk, Klaus
name: Hassan, Mohammad Shoeb
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Aromatic plant
subject: Heat pump dryer
subject: Heat and mass transfer
subject: Simulation
subject: Valerian root
subject: 630

description: A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the performance of heat pump dryer for drying of aromatic plants. The model consists of three sub-models; namely, drying model, heat pump model, and performance model. Drying model was developed based on mass balance, heat balance, heat transfer and drying rate equations. Heat pump sub-model consists of some theoretical and empirical equations for estimating the parameters of evaporator, compressor, condenser and expansion valve. The performance sub-model was the equations for prediction of drying efficiency, COP (coefficient of performance), MER (moisture evaporating rate) and SMER (specific moisture evaporating rate). The model was validated with the experimental data. The experiments was conducted in a fixed bed drying of valerian roots (Valeriana officinalis L.) in cooperation with a agricultural company (Agrargenossenschaft Nöbdenitz e.G., Thüringen) in Thüringen, Germany. Data logger was used to record the temperature, relative humidity, humidity ratio and enthalpy of air at different positions of the dryer equipped with different types of sensors. The average drying air temperature was 36.84°C and relative humidity was about 20%. About 89 hours were required to reduce the moisture content of valerian roots from 89 to 9% (wb). The simulated results (temperature, relative humidity and moisture content) agreed well with the experimental results. The average COP, MER and SMER and drying efficiency were 5.45, 140.03 kg/h, 0.038 kg/kWh, and 78.23%, respectively. This model may be used for design data for heat pump dryer for drying of aromatic plants as well as other heat sensitive crops.
Strain-induced Giant Second-harmonic Generation in Monolayered $2H$-MoX$_2$ (X=S,Se,Te)
Creators: name: Rhim, S. H.
name: Kim, Yong Soo
name: Freeman, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic second-order nonlinear susceptibilities, $χ^{(2)}(2ω,ω,ω)\equiv χ^{(2)}(ω)$, are calculated here within a fully first-principles scheme for monolayered molybdenum dichalcogenides, $2H$-MoX$_2$ (X=S,Se,Te). The absolute values of $χ^{(2)}(ω)$ across the three chalcogens critically depend on the band gap energies upon uniform strain, yielding the highest $χ^{(2)}(0)\sim$ 140 pm/V for MoTe$_2$ in the static limit. Under this uniform in-plane stress, $2H$-MoX$_2$ can undergo direct-to-indirect transition of band gaps, which in turn substantially affects $χ^{(2)}(ω)$. The tunability of $χ^{(2)}(ω)$ by either compressive or tensile strain is demonstrated especially for two important experimental wavelengths, 1064 nm and 800 nm, where resonantly enhanced non-linear effects can be exploited: $χ^{(2)}$ of MoSe$_2$ and MoTe$_2$ approach $\sim$800 pm/V with -2\% strain at 1064 nm.
description: 4 pages 4 figures,submitted to Phys. Rev. B, Accepted for Appl. Phys. Lett
Fast quantum algorithm for EC3 problem with trapped ions
Creators: name: Wang, Hefeng
name: Wu, Lian-Ao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic quantum computing~(AQC) is based on the adiabatic principle, where a quantum system remains in an instantaneous eigenstate of the driving Hamiltonian. The final state of the Hamiltonian encodes solution to the problem of interest. While AQC has distinct advantages, recent researches have shown that quantumness such as quantum coherence in adiabatic processes may be lost entirely due to the system-bath interaction when the evolution time is long, and consequently the expected quantum speedup dose not show up. Here we propose a fast-signal assisted adiabatic quantum algorithm. We find that by applying a sequence of fast random or regular signals during the evolution process, the runtime can be reduced greatly, yet advantages of the adiabatic algorithm remain intact. Significantly, we present a \emph{randomized} Trotter formula and show that the driving Hamiltonian and the sequence of fast signals can be implemented simultaneously. We apply the algorithm for solving the $3$-bit exact cover problem~(EC$3$) and put forward an approach for implementing the problem with trapped ions.
description: 5 pages 3 figures. Lian-Ao Wu adds a very important short note attached to the end
Interaction of bacterial homoserine lactones (HSLs) with Amoebae
Creators: name: McStay, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2022

description: Bacteria produce signal molecules (Acyl-Homoserine Lactones, HSLs) that have been shown to impact not only bacterial behaviour, but also the behaviour of eukaryotic cells. This study examined the impact of HSLs on multiple species of amoebae. Amoebae were grown in the presence and absence of HSLs, with and without putative HSL-receptor antagonists, and population growth rate was examined. Calculated parameters included the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Inhibitory Concentration at 50%, Lethal Dose and growth rates, as well as the data providing indications of potential receptors involved in the amoeba-HSL interaction. This study found that five out of 17 amoebae strains tested were susceptible to at least one HSL, N- Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone; Naegleria gruberi, Vermamoeba vermiformis (two strains), Echinamoeba silvestris and Flamella arnhemensis, with one V. vermiformis strain, and E. silvestris being dually sensitive to N-Decanoyl-homoserine lactone and N-Hexanoyl- homoserine lactone, respectively. There appeared to be no correlation between sensitivity and phylogeny. N-Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone impacted on amoebic growth rate at lower concentrations, suggesting apoptosis/lack of proliferation was occurring, whilst at high concentrations, N-Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone was instantly lethal to amoebae, suggesting necrosis. This study also found that N-Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone executed more of a negative effect on amoeba population growth than N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone. It also proposes that a Gs G-Protein Coupled Receptor as a potential HSL-receptor in amoebae. This study therefore supports the hypothesis that HSLs interact via a membrane bound receptor. Gs GPCRs are involved in growth and apoptosis, further supporting the role of HSLs as important interkingdom signalling molecules in therapeutic treatments, including cancer treatments.
An Economic Perspective on Balancing Unquantified Harms and Benefits Under the Consumer Welfare Standard
Creators: name: Aron, Debra
name: Tenn, Steven
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Judge Ginsburg’s address on how to balance unquantified benefits and harms under the consumer welfare standard highlights two distinct roles for qualitative assessment. The first is the role of qualitative evidence in antitrust analyses. The second is the consideration of both price and non-price effects. While these two topics are related—e.g., analysis of non-price competitive effects often relies on qualitative evidence—they raise distinct issues. We provide an economic perspective on these topics as a complement to Judge Ginsburg’s learned legal commentary. Specifically, we explain the central role that sound qualitative evidence traditionally and properly plays in the economic analysis of both price and non-price effects of mergers and accused conduct. We also discuss the state of economic analysis when a broad economic interpretation of the consumer welfare standard would require balancing the welfare of one group against another.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 3
Determining the species distributions, habitat suitability and conservation prospects of sorghum's wild relatives
Creators: name: Myrans, Harry
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Plant biology not elsewhere classified

description: Sorghum is a promising crop for improving food security in the face of climate change. However, issues regarding sorghum’s genetic diversity and ability to produce toxic cyanide must be overcome if dependence on this crop continues to increase. Sorghum’s diverse crop wild relatives could be used to introduce new traits to sorghum, increasing the crop’s resilience and mitigating safety issues. However, the traits of sorghum’s wild relatives are understudied, and crop wild relatives are generally poorly conserved. My thesis aims to identify where wild relatives can be used to improve sorghum and determine the functions of cyanide production in sorghum.
The classification of frequencies in the γ Doradus / δ Scuti hybrid star HD 49434
Creators: name: Brunsden, E.
name: Pollard, K. R.
name: Cottrell, P. L.
name: Uytterhoeven, K.
name: Wright, D. J.
name: De Cat, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid stars of the γ Doradus and δ Scuti pulsation types have great potential for asteroseismic analysis to explore their interior structure. To achieve this, mode identi- fications of pulsational frequencies observed in the stars must be made, a task which is far from simple. In this work we begin the analysis by scrutinizing the frequencies found in the CoRoT photometric satellite measurements and ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of the hybrid star HD 49434. The results show almost no consistency between the frequencies found using the two techniques and no characteristic period spacings or couplings were identified in either dataset. The spectroscopic data additionally show no evidence for any long term (5 year) variation in the dominant frequency. The 31 spectroscopic frequencies identified have standard deviation profiles suggesting multiple modes sharing (l, m) in the δ Scuti frequency region and several skewed modes sharing the same (l, m) in the γ Doradus frequency region. In addition, there is a clear frequency in the γ Doradus frequency region that appears to be unrelated to the others. We conclude HD 49434 remains a δ Scuti/ γ Doradus candidate hybrid star but more sophisticated models dealing with rotation are sought to obtain a clear picture of the pulsational behaviour of this star.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS December 2014
On the Elliptic Genus of Three E-strings and Heterotic Strings
Creators: name: Cai, Wenhe
name: Huang, Min-xin
name: Sun, Kaiwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise formula for the elliptic genus of three E-strings is presented. The related refined free energy coincides with the result calculated from topological string on local half K3 Calabi-Yau threefold up to genus twelve. The elliptic genus of three heterotic strings computed from M9 domain walls matches with the result from orbifold formula to high orders. This confirms the n=3 case of the recent conjecture that n pairs of E-strings can recombine into n heterotic strings.
description: 32 pages
Additional file 5: Table S3. of SOHSite: incorporating evolutionary information and physicochemical properties to identify protein S-sulfenylation sites
Creators: name: Van-Minh Bui
name: Shun-Long Weng
name: Cheng-Tsung Lu
name: Tzu-Hao Chang
name: Weng, Julia
name: Tzong-Yi Lee
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparison of independent testing results between the PSSM model and the hybrid model combining PSSM with the top 12 physicochemical properties. (DOCX 14Â kb)
Attitudes to immigration and human values – a repeated cross-sectional study in three European countries
Creators: name: Hoti, Valmira
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Attitudes to immigration
Human Values
Schwartz's Human Values
European Social Survey
Latent Class Analyis for temporal change
Majority population
Minorities
Cumulative link ordinal regression modelling
Statistical Modelling
Attitudes to Immigration In the UK
Attitudes to Immigration In Germany
Attitudes to Immigration In Sweden
Ordinal data
Latent Class Model
Immigration policies
Repeated cross-sectional study
Attitudes to immigration and human values
Human value dimensions

description: This doctoral research investigates the relationship between attitudes towards immigration and human values in three European countries; UK, Germany and Sweden. I use ESS survey data from 2002 – 2014 and new methodological approaches to examine this link and further explore if there is country specific differences and whether attitudes to immigration changes over time. In addition to this I also add various socio-demographic and political factors to the analysis. Previous research in this area is scarce and generally assumes the effect of human value dimensions on attitudes is universal and the there are no country-specific differences. To answer the question if human values shape attitudes to immigration and whether there are country specific differences I used cumulative link ordinal regression modelling which is the most appropriate statistical method for analysing such data. Analysis was carried out on a country by country basis, looking separately also at the majority native population as well as the minority ethnic population. Items contributing to the human value dimensions of universalism and conservation showed a clear association with attitudes towards immigration, which was in line with previous research. However, not all human value-attitude relationships were in agreement with Schwartz’s theory of effect direction, but with some value items an opposite relationship was observed. A new latent class approach was used to examine whether human values change over time and there was is no evidence that the latent classes themselves change definition over time, implying that Schwartz is correct when he states that human values are invariant and do not change over time. While individuals may change their view and move classes, there is no evidence of the value items realigning themselves around a new latent class structure. The developed latent class model used to investigate whether the latent class definitions or profiles change over time, in the case of human values, is new and extents the multi-group latent class model into continuous groups where a linear change is expected. The finding of this research concludes that, contrary to Sagiv and Schwartz (1995), the effect of human values on attitudes appears not to be universal, changing both over the subsample considered and from country to country. In general, the thesis concludes that clear country differences are to be expected.
Optomechanical Schrödinger Cats - a Case for Space
Creators: name: Kaltenbaek, Rainer
name: Aspelmeyer, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum optomechanics exploits radiation pressure effects inside optical cavities. It can be used to generate quantum states of the center-of-mass motion of massive mechanical objects, thereby opening up a new parameter regime for macroscopic quantum experiments. The challenging experimental conditions to maintain and observe quantum coherence for increasingly large objects may require a space environment rather than an earth-bound laboratory. We introduce a possible space experiment to study the wave-packet expansion of massive objects. This forms the basis for Schrödinger cat states of unprecedented size and mass.
description: Reprint of a publication in early 2013 in "Erwin Schr\"odinger - 50 Years After" edited by W. L. Reiter abd J. Yngvason - the bibliography reflects the date of the submission but we updated reference [10]
Wind Resource Assessment in Europe Using Emergy
Creators: name: Paudel, Subodh
name: Santarelli, Massimo
name: Martin, Viktoria
name: Lacarriere, Bruno
name: Corre, Olivier Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In context of increasing use of renewable sources, it is of importance to correctly evaluate the actual sustainability of their implementation. Emergy analysis is one of the possible methods useful for such an assessment. This work aims to demonstrate how the emergy approach can be used to assess the sustainability of wind energy resource in Europe. The Emergy Index of Sustainability (EIS) and the Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR) are used to analyze 90 stations of European regions for three types of wind turbines. To do so, the simplified Chou wind turbine model is used for different set of parameters as: nominal power and size of the wind turbines, and cut-in and cut-out wind speeds. Based on the calculation of the emergy indices, a mapping is proposed to identify the most appropriate locations for an implementation of wind turbines in European regions. The influence of the wind turbine type on the sustainability is also analyzed, in link with the local wind resource. Thus, it is concluded that the emergy sustainability indices are sensitive to the wind turbine design parameters (size, cut-in and cut-out wind speed).
Raze to the Ground: Query-Efficient Adversarial HTML Attacks on Machine-Learning Phishing Webpage Detectors
Creators: name: Montaruli, Biagio
name: Demetrio, Luca
name: Pintor, Maura
name: Compagna, Luca
name: Balzarotti, Davide
name: Biggio, Battista
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine-learning phishing webpage detectors (ML-PWD) have been shown to suffer from adversarial manipulations of the HTML code of the input webpage. Nevertheless, the attacks recently proposed have demonstrated limited effectiveness due to their lack of optimizing the usage of the adopted manipulations, and they focus solely on specific elements of the HTML code. In this work, we overcome these limitations by first designing a novel set of fine-grained manipulations which allow to modify the HTML code of the input phishing webpage without compromising its maliciousness and visual appearance, i.e., the manipulations are functionality- and rendering-preserving by design. We then select which manipulations should be applied to bypass the target detector by a query-efficient black-box optimization algorithm. Our experiments show that our attacks are able to raze to the ground the performance of current state-of-the-art ML-PWD using just 30 queries, thus overcoming the weaker attacks developed in previous work, and enabling a much fairer robustness evaluation of ML-PWD.
description: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security (AISec '23), November 30, 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark
Applying Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Research: A Pedagogical Reflection
Creators: name: Mucci, Ludovica
name: D'Oria, Marika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Health Care

description: This pedagogical editorial centered around Medical Humanities & Personalized Digital Medicine explores the applications of artificial intelligence in biomedical research, simultaneously inviting the educative system to reduce the learning gap on data science among healthcare professions.
An efficient implementation of the localized operator partitioning method for electronic energy transfer
Creators: name: Nagesh, Jayashree
name: Izmaylov, Artur F.
name: Brumer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localized operator partitioning method [Y. Khan and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 194112 (2012)] rigorously defines the electronic energy on any subsystem within a molecule and gives a precise meaning to the subsystem ground and excited electronic energies, which is crucial for investigating electronic energy transfer from first principles. However, an efficient implementation of this approach has been hindered by complicated one- and two-electron integrals arising in its formulation. Using a resolution of the identity in the definition of partitioning we reformulate the method in a computationally efficient manner that involves standard one- and two-electron integrals. We apply the developed algorithm to the 9-((1-naphthyl)-methyl)-anthracene (A1N) molecule by partitioning A1N into anthracenyl and CH2-naphthyl groups as subsystems, and examine their electronic energies and populations for several excited states using Configuration Interaction Singles method. The implemented approach shows a wide variety of different behaviors amongst the excited electronic states.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1311.7114
Constant Envelope Precoding with Adaptive Receiver Constellation in MISO Fading Channel
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuowen
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Lim, Teng Joon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Constant envelope (CE) precoding is an appealing transmission technique which enables the realization of high power amplifier (PA) efficiency. For CE precoding in a single-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel, a desired constellation is feasible at the receiver if and only if it can be scaled to lie in an annulus, whose boundaries are characterized by the instantaneous channel realization. Therefore, if a fixed receiver constellation is used for CE precoding in a fading channel, where the annulus is time-varying, there is in general a non-zero probability of encountering a channel that makes CE precoding infeasible, thereby causing a high probability of error. To tackle this problem, this paper studies the adaptive receiver constellation design for CE precoding in a single-user MISO flat-fading channel with an arbitrary number of antennas at the transmitter. We first investigate the fixed-rate adaptive receiver constellation design to minimize the symbol error rate (SER). Specifically, an efficient algorithm is proposed to find the optimal amplitude-and-phase shift keying (APSK) constellation with two rings that is both feasible and of the maximum minimum Euclidean distance (MED), for any given constellation size and instantaneous channel realization. Numerical results show that by using the optimized fixed-rate adaptive receiver constellation, our proposed scheme achieves significantly improved SER performance over CE precoding with a fixed receiver constellation. Furthermore, based on the family of optimal fixed-rate adaptive two-ring APSK constellation sets, a variable-rate CE transmission scheme is proposed and numerically examined.
description: This is a longer version of a paper to appear in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Magnetic discrete gauge field in the confining vacua and the supersymmetric index
Creators: name: Tachikawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been argued that the confining vacua of Yang-Mills theory in the far infrared can have topological degrees of freedom given by magnetic $\mathbb{Z}_q$ gauge field, both in the non-supersymmetric case and in the N=1 supersymmetric case. In this short note we give another piece of evidence by computing and matching the supersymmetric index of the pure super Yang-Mills theory both in the ultraviolet and in the infrared.
description: 12 pages
Impact of community-based medical education on graduate performance: A Qualitative study using a critical incident technique
Creators: name: ABDALLA, MOHAMED
name: Taha, Mohamed.H.
name: Mukhtar, Wail Nuri Osman
name: Elsanousi, M.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of community-based education on graduates’ work performance and career paths in later life. Methods: A self-administered critical incident questionnaire was given to a group of graduates from a community-based medical school. The target population was the graduates of the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Gezira who graduated between the years 1984e2021. Participants responded using audio recording or in writing and reported on ‘critical incidents’ they had experienced. Data was analysed using thematic data analysis to develop codes, categories and themes from the critical incident techniques. Results: Twenty-three critical incidents were reported from a total of 91 responses yielded from the recorded and written data. Most of the incidents take place in the Interdisciplinary Field Training, Research and Rural Development Programme, as well as in Rural Residency, Primary Health Care Centre Practice, and Family Medicine. From the reporting of the critical incidents, five themes were identified concerning the benefit of community-based education in learning at undergraduate level: leadership, care of patients, professionalism, personal development and belonging. Similarly, five themes demonstrating the impact of community-based education after graduation were also identified including improving patient care, improving health system practice, curriculum development, self-improvement skills, and family medicine practice. Discussion: Community-based education was shown to have a positive impact on students learning at undergraduate and post graduate level. Community-based education is also associated with the development of essential skills required by medical doctors after graduation. Structured community-based education is needed to maximize these benefits.
Did the 2020 election change ingroup and outgroup political attitudes? Examining people’s attitudes towards Biden and Trump and towards their respective supporters
Creators: name: Min, Rihua
name: Burke, Sara
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This registration describes a secondary analysis of a subset of data from the Multi-University United States Election Study 2020 (MUSES-2020). For details about the full design and recruitment procedure, see the main MUSES-2020 Open Science Framework page.
Limits on the Bolometric response of Graphene due to flicker noise
Creators: name: Grover, Sameer
name: Dubey, Sudipta
name: Mathew, John P.
name: Deshmukh, Mandar M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the photoresponse of graphene field effect transistors using scanning photocurrent microscopy in near and far field configurations, and we find that the response of graphene under a source-drain bias voltage away from the contacts is dominated by the bolometric effect caused by laser induced heating. We find no significant change in the photocurrent with the optical modulation frequency upto 100 kHz. Although the magnitude of the bolometric current scales with bias voltage, it also results in noise. The frequency dependence of this noise indicates that it has a 1/f character, scales with the bias voltage and limits the detectable bolometric photoresponse at low optical powers.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
AstroSat observation of the magnetar SGR J1830$-$0645 during its first detected X-ray outburst
Creators: name: Sharma, Rahul
name: Jain, Chetana
name: Paul, Biswajit
name: Seshadri, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here timing and spectral analyses of SGR J1830$-$0645 based on an AstroSat observation carried out on 2020 October 16, about a week after the onset of its first detected X-ray outburst. Using data taken with the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC), we have detected 0.9$-$10 keV coherent pulsations at a period of $\sim$10.4 s. The pulse profiles were single-peaked, asymmetric and consisted of minor peaks attributable to hotspots on the neutron star surface. The pulsed fraction evolved significantly with energy, increasing to energies around 5 keV with a steep drop thereafter. The 0.9--25 keV SXT--LAXPC energy spectrum is best described with two thermal components having temperatures $\sim$0.46 and $\sim$1.1 keV (emission radii of $\sim$2.4 and $\sim$0.65 km, respectively, assuming a distance of 4 kpc) along with a power-law component having a photon index of $\sim$0.39. We report the detection of 67 X-ray bursts having an average duration of $\sim$33 ms. The brightest burst lasted for about 90 ms and had a 3--25 keV fluence of $\sim 5 \times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, updated after proof corrections
Lineability and uniformly dominated sets of summing nonlinear operators
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Daniel
name: Santos, Joedson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we prove an abstract version of a result from 2002 due to Delgado and Piñero on absolutely summing operators. Several applications are presented; some of them in the multilinear framework and some in a completely nonlinear setting. In a final section we investigate the size of the set of non uniformly dominated sets of linear operators under the point of view of lineability.
description: Minor corrections
Additional file 11: Figure S3. of A QTL on the short arm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 3B affects the stability of grain weight in plants exposed to a brief heat shock early in grain filling
Creators: name: Shirdelmoghanloo, Hamid
name: Taylor, Julian
name: Lohraseb, Iman
name: Huwaida Rabie
name: Brien, Chris
name: Timmins, Andy
name: Martin, Peter
name: Mather, Diane
name: Livinus Emebiri
name: Collins, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Heat-plot for final Drysdaleâ  Ă â  Waagan genetic map of 551 loci. Represented are recombination fractions (upper-left half of figure) and LOD scores for linkage (lower-right half of figure) for all pairs of genetically non-redundant markers. Markers are arranged in order and by chromosome or chromosome fragment, from chromosome 1A (left) to 7D (right). With progression through the colour series blue-green-yellow-red, LOD score increases and recombination fraction decreases. Alignment of the red signals along the diagonal indicates that the marker orders are largely correct. (PDF 404 kb)
Appendix from Deep bootstrap for Bayesian inference
Creators: name: Nie, Lizhen
name: Ročková, Veronika
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a Bayesian, the task to define the likelihood can be as perplexing as the task to define the prior. We focus on situations when the parameter of interest has been emancipated from the likelihood and is linked to data directly through a loss function. We survey existing work on both Bayesian parametric inference with Gibbs posteriors as well as Bayesian non-parametric inference. We then highlight recent bootstrap computational approaches to approximating loss-driven posteriors. In particular, we focus on implicit bootstrap distributions defined through an underlying push-forward mapping. We investigate independent, identically distributed (iid) samplers from approximate posteriors that pass random bootstrap weights through a trained generative network. After training the deep-learning mapping, the simulation cost of such iid samplers is negligible. We compare the performance of these deep bootstrap samplers with exact bootstrap as well as MCMC on several examples (including support vector machines or quantile regression). We also provide theoretical insights into bootstrap posteriors by drawing upon connections to model mis-specification.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bayesian inference: challenges, perspective and prospects’.
A Graph Theoretic Perspective on CPM(Rel)
Creators: name: Marsden, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mixed states are of interest in quantum mechanics for modelling partial information. More recently categorical approaches to linguistics have also exploited the idea of mixed states to describe ambiguity and hyponym / hypernym relationships. In both these application areas the category Rel of sets and binary relations is often used as an alternative model. Selinger's CPM construction provides the setting for mixed states in Hilbert space based categorical quantum mechanics. By analogy, applying the CPM construction to Rel is seen as introducing mixing into a relational setting. We investigate the category CPM(Rel) of completely positive maps in Rel. We show that the states of an object in CPM(Rel) are in bijective correspondence with certain families of graphs. Via map-state duality this then allows us provide a graph theoretic characterization of the morphisms in CPM(Rel). By identifying an appropriate composition operation on graphs, we then show that CPM(Rel) is isomorphic to a category of sets and graphs between them. This isomorphism then leads to a graph based description of the complete join semilattice enriched dagger compact structure of CPM(Rel). These results allow us to reason about CPM(Rel) entirely in terms of graphs. We exploit these techniques in several examples. We give a closed form expression for the number of states of a finite set in CPM(Rel). The pure states are characterized in graph theoretic terms. We also demonstrate the possibly surprising phenomenon of a pure state that can be given as a mixture of two mixed states.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.01181
Midisuperspace quantization: possibilities for fractional and emergent spacetime dimensions
Creators: name: Tibrewala, Rakesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, motivated by certain loop quantum gravity inspired corrections, it was shown that for spherically symmetric midisuperspace models infinitely many second derivative theories of gravity exist (as revealed by the presence of three arbitrary functions in the corresponding Lagrangian/Hamiltonian) and not just those allowed by spherically symmetric general relativity. This freedom can be interpreted as the freedom to accommodate certain quantum gravity corrections in these models even in the absence of higher curvature terms (at a semi-classical level, at least). For a particular choice of the arbitrary functions it is shown that the new theories map to spherically symmetric general relativity in arbitrary number of (integer) dimensions thus explicitly demonstrating that when working with midisuperspace models, one loses the information about the dimensionality of the full spacetime. In addition, it is shown that these new theories can accommodate scenarios of fractional spacetime dimensions as well as those of emergent spacetime dimensions -- a possibility suggested by various approaches to quantum gravity.
description: 10 pages