cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Section 106 transmittal letter to the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians (SYBCI) for the PG&E Divide Line replacement of 7 poles
Creators: name: Loetzerich, Roscoe
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Section 106
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/86516/section-106
subject: PG&E
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/86517/pge

description: This document is a Section 106 transmittal letter to the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians for the PG&E Divide Line project to replace 7 poles. The letter 1)provides specific details of the project, 2) delineates the project Area Direct Impact (ADI), 3) conveys that no archaeological resources fall within the ADI and therefore the Area of Potential Effect (APE) is coterminous with the ADI, 4) informs the SYBCI that no archaeological or Native American monitors are required for this project, and lastly, 5) seeks comment or any concerns that the Tribe may have with the project as described.
title: Leviathan vs Goliath or States vs Big Tech and what the digital services act can do about it
Creators: name: Coroado, Susana
Publisher: name: Forum Transregionale Studien e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 9

description: Big Tech companies have attained unprecedented power and are entrenched in all aspects of public and private lives of individuals and communities in the last few years. Their mounting economic power, geopolitical relevance and outstanding impact on democratic rule and fundamental rights make them rival with the power of sovereign states. Simultaneously, the companies try to replicate rule of law structures in their own governance. Amidst the contestation of Big Tech power, the EU Digital Services Act has emerged as a most advanced regulation aimed at tackling the companies’ power. However, it risks legitimizing the self-regulatory instruments and reinforcing the power of the most dominant companies. Keywords: Big Tech; Platforms; DSA; Sovereign Power; Regulation; Digital Democracy
description: Working Papers, Forum Transregionale Studien, vol. 25/2023
Real time dynamics and proposal for feasible experiments of lattice gauge-Higgs model simulated by cold atoms
Creators: name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Kasamatsu, Kenichi
name: Takahashi, Yoshiro
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
name: Matsui, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice gauge theory has provided a crucial non-perturbative method in studying canonical models in high-energy physics such as quantum chromodynamics. Among other models of lattice gauge theory, the lattice gauge-Higgs model is a quite important one because it describes wide variety of phenomena/models related to the Anderson-Higgs mechanism such as superconductivity, the standard model of particle physics, and inflation process of the early universe. In this paper, we first show that atomic description of the lattice gauge model allows us to explore real time dynamics of the gauge variables by using the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Numerical simulations of the time development of an electric flux reveal some interesting characteristics of dynamical aspect of the model and determine its phase diagram. Next, to realize a quantum simulator of the U(1) lattice gauge-Higgs model on an optical lattice filled by cold atoms, we propose two feasible methods: (i) Wannier states in the excited bands and (ii) dipolar atoms in a multilayer optical lattice. We pay attentions to respect the constraint of Gauss's law and avoid nonlocal gauge interactions.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Algebraic Approach to Relativistic Landau Levels in the Symmetric Gauge
Creators: name: Jentschura, Ulrich D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an algebraic approach to the calculation of Landau levels for a uniform magnetic field in the symmetric gauge with a vector potential A = (1/2) (B x r), where B is assumed to be constant. The magnetron quantum number constitutes the degeneracy index. An overall complex phase of the wave function, given in terms of Laguerre polynomials, is a consequence of the algebraic structure. The relativistic generalization of the treatment leads to fully relativistic bispinor Landau levels in the symmetric gauge, in a representation which writes the relativistic states in terms of their nonrelativistic limit, and an algebraically accessible lower bispinor component. Negative-energy states and the massless limit are discussed. The relativistic states can be used for a number of applications, including the calculation of higher-order quantum electrodynamic binding corrections to the energies of quantum cyclotron levels.
description: 7 pages; RevTeX
Screening Islam: the representations of religion and gender in different genres of Islamic films in Malaysia
Creators: name: Suria A-Rahman
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 169999 Studies in Human Society not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study seeks to analyse how genres shape the way in which religion is represented in Malaysian ‘Islamic’ films. It is interesting to study how Malaysian filmmakers represent Islam, because Malaysia is a multi ethnic and religious country with a rising film industry and Islam as the official religion of the state. This thesis examines how film’s generic conventions act as meaning-making tools, contributing to different representations of Islam and gender. The thesis employs narrative analysis to analyse the structure of plots and construction of meaning in the films. A total of 13 recent Islamic films were selected, and the analyses illustrate how the films construct different representations of Islam through the genres of horror, comedy, melodrama and art house. A key narrative feature of all the films analysed is the centrality of the life quest of the main protagonist. However, this quest takes significantly different forms in the diverse genres, casting religion and gender rather differently. In the various genres, the life quest may centre around perpetual punishment for worldly or superstitious desires, ‘happy ending’ reward for abandonment of material and Western values, enduring of gendered hardships which reflecting both obedience and strength, and contradictory exposing and forgiving violence. This thesis discusses how religious and gendered subjectivities are made and remade in the intersection between Western conventions of cinematic genres and the specific cultural, religious and political context of Malaysia.
MPEC 2023-U120 : 2023 TE32
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TE32

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Concentration and purification of beef extract mock eluates from water samples for the detection of enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, and Norwalk virus by reverse transcription-PCR.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: In this study we developed a concentration and purification procedure to facilitate reverse transcription (RT)-PCR detection of enteric viruses in water sample concentrates obtained by conventional filter adsorption-elution methods. One liter of beef extract-glycine eluate with or without humic acid and seeded with poliovirus type 1, hepatitis A virus, and Norwalk virus was used as a model system, and the eluent was further processed for RT-PCR compatibility. The sample concentration and purification procedures which we used included polyethylene glycol precipitation, Pro-Cipitate precipitation, a second polyethylene glycol precipitation, spin column chromatography, and ultrafiltration. The sample volumes were reduced from 1 liter to 20 to 50 microliters, and the samples were purified enough so that viruses could be detected by the RT-PCR. The ability to detect low levels of enteric viruses by molecular techniques was compared directly with the ability to detect enteric viruses by cell culture infectivity procedures. As little as 3 PFU of poliovirus type 1 in an initial 1 liter of mock eluate was detected by the RT-PCR.
CONSONANT WEIGHT AND DURATION: NO PHONETIC EVIDENCE OF PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Creators: name: Coleman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: For stress assignment, some languages differentiate heavy (C)VC syllables from superheavy (C)VCC, while others do not. Moraic Theory posits that segmentally identical rhymes can differ between languages in how their segments associate to units of weight called morae, with some allowing trimoraic rhymes, others maximally bimoraic, and others allowing segments without a mora. While the mora is proposed as a phonological unit of weight, previous research found differing patterns of vowel duration between different syllable types in different languages corresponding to the model of mora assignment proposed for each language. This thesis investigates whether a similar effect is present for consonants, comparing patterns of rhyme duration, segment duration, and segment proportion of rhyme duration in English and Hindi. Ultimately, the Hindi patterns are found to largely match those of English, not supporting the hypothesis that consonant duration is strongly connected to the amount of morae a consonant is associated with.
MPEC 2023-U121 : 2023 UC2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UC2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
VAFB-1985-09: Environmental Surveillance Report, No. 20, October 1, 1984 through August 15, 1985
Creators: name: Martin Marietta Corporation
Year: 1985

description: This report (ESR 20) describes the implementation of the Environmental Surveillance Plan for the STS Program at VAFB and is a continuation of reports No. 1-19. Construction activities continued at Station Sets V23, FY '84 Physical Security Modifications, V32 in Port Hueneme, and V80 (partial) Towroute. New construction began at V33 Harbor Headquarters Refurbishment, V23 Launch Pad Paving/North Access Road and Security Modifications Phase II (Security Patrol Roads) and V17 Visual Landing Aids.

Construction monitoring for these projects and six archaeological surface surveys were conducted at: 1) Transmission medium to Skyscreen Van at Honda Point, 2) V33 TCF Fence/Parking Lot Extension, 3) Communications line between Buildings 1610, 1682, and 1605, 4) Communications line between Buildings 865 and 660 and the Building 660 Fence Extension, 5) Temporary Storage Facility, north of V33 TCF, and 6) Building 660 - Parking lot extension. Subsurface testing was conducted at SBA-212, 1145, and 1686.
Vehicle sharing and workforce scheduling to perform service tasks at customer sites
Creators: name: Arias-Melia, Pol
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Most of the research done in the Vehicle Routing Problem  (VRP) assumes that each driver is assigned to one and only one vehicle. However, in recent years, research in the VRP has increased its scope to further accommodate more restrictions and real-life features. In this line, vehicle sharing has grown in importance inside large companies with the aim of reducing vehicle emissions. The aim of this thesis is to study different situations where sharing vehicles brings an improvement. Our main study focuses on developing a framework that is capable of assigning different workers to a common vehicle, allowing them to share their journey. We introduce a mathematical programming model that combines the vehicle routing and the scheduling problem with time constraints that allows workers to share vehicles to perform their activities. To deal with bigger instances of the problem an algorithm capable of solving large scenarios needs to be implemented. A multi-phase algorithm is introduced, Phase 1 allows us to solve the non-sharing scheduling/routing problem whose aim is to find the best schedule for workers. Phase 2 will merge the allocated workers into common vehicles when possible, while Phase 3 is the improvement procedure of the algorithm. The algorithm is tested in three different settings; using workers as drivers, hiring dedicated drivers, and allowing workers to walk between jobs when possible. Results show that sharing vehicles is practicable under specific conditions, and it is able to reduce both the number of vehicles and the total distance, without affecting the performance of workers schedule.
Diversity of Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation Genes in a Marine Cyanobacterial Mat
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The diversity of nitrogenase genes in a marine cyanobacterial mat was investigated through amplification of a fragment of nifH, which encodes the Fe protein of the nitrogenase complex. The amplified nifH products were characterized by DNA sequencing and were compared with the sequences of nitrogenase genes from cultivated organisms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that similar organisms clustered together, with the exception that anaerobic bacteria clustered together, even though they represented firmicutes, (delta)-proteobacteria, and (gamma)-proteobacteria. Mat nifH sequences were most closely related to those of the anaerobes, with a few being most closely related to the cluster of (gamma)-proteobacteria containing Klebsiella and Azotobacter species. No cyanobacterial nifH sequences were found from the mat collected in November when Microcoleus chthonoplastes was the dominant cyanobacterium, but sequences closely related to the cyanobacterium Lyngbya lagerheimeii were found during summer, when a Lyngbya strain was dominant. The results indicate that there is a high diversity of heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing organisms in marine cyanobacterial mats.
ROME: Testing Image Captioning Systems via Recursive Object Melting
Creators: name: Yu, Boxi
name: Zhong, Zhiqing
name: Li, Jiaqi
name: Yang, Yixing
name: He, Shilin
name: He, Pinjia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.3; I.4.9

description: Image captioning (IC) systems aim to generate a text description of the salient objects in an image. In recent years, IC systems have been increasingly integrated into our daily lives, such as assistance for visually-impaired people and description generation in Microsoft Powerpoint. However, even the cutting-edge IC systems (e.g., Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services) and algorithms (e.g., OFA) could produce erroneous captions, leading to incorrect captioning of important objects, misunderstanding, and threats to personal safety. The existing testing approaches either fail to handle the complex form of IC system output (i.e., sentences in natural language) or generate unnatural images as test cases. To address these problems, we introduce Recursive Object MElting (Rome), a novel metamorphic testing approach for validating IC systems. Different from existing approaches that generate test cases by inserting objects, which easily make the generated images unnatural, Rome melts (i.e., remove and inpaint) objects. Rome assumes that the object set in the caption of an image includes the object set in the caption of a generated image after object melting. Given an image, Rome can recursively remove its objects to generate different pairs of images. We use Rome to test one widely-adopted image captioning API and four state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms. The results show that the test cases generated by Rome look much more natural than the SOTA IC testing approach and they achieve comparable naturalness to the original images. Meanwhile, by generating test pairs using 226 seed images, Rome reports a total of 9,121 erroneous issues with high precision (86.47%-92.17%). In addition, we further utilize the test cases generated by Rome to retrain the Oscar, which improves its performance across multiple evaluation metrics.
description: Accepted by ISSTA 2023
The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
Creators: name: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water-Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km$^2$ overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km$^2$, 61-detector infilled array with 750 m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Auger Observatory.
description: Published in NIM A
Antisocial Behavior: Nature vs. Nurture
Creators: name: A.V. Kazantseva
name: D.V. Yakovleva
name: Yu.D. Davydova
name: A.R. Kosareva
name: R.G. Valinurov
name: E.K. Khusnutdinova
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2023
Subjects: aggression
criminal behavior
callous-unemotional traits
replication
GWAS
sortilin receptor
REV3L
XKR6

description: Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a complex phenotype caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In past decades several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta-analyses identified up to 500 SNPs linked to externalizing pathology in Western Europeans. However, a question on their relevance to ASB in Eastern Europeans (i.e., Russians) remains open. Therefore, the present study aimed to replicate the effect of SNPs obtained from externalizing behavior GWAS meta-analysis on homicide behavior considering a possible modulating effect of social/lifestyle factors. We have selected top six SNPs (p < 10–21) from recent GWAS meta-analysis of ASB (Karlsson Linnér et al., 2021) including CADM2 rs993137, ZIC4 rs2279829, REV3L rs458806, XKR6 rs4240671, SORCS3 rs11596214, and BDNF rs6265. Subsequent genotyping was performed in the sample of homicide offenders (N = 227, 7% women) and corresponding control group (N = 254). A series of logistic regression (PLINK v.1.09) confirmed the association of REV3L rs458806 in the total sample (p = 0.044, OR = 1.346), while SORCS3 rs11596214, ZIC4 rs2279829, XKR6 rs4240671 demonstrated their association with criminal behavior in the subgroups including smoking, low-educated offenders, individuals with psychopathologies and conflicts in families. Our findings replicated the effect of REV3L, SORCS3, ZIC4, and XKR6 genetic variants on ASB in the Russian cohort under a moderating impact of social/lifestyle factors. However, the effect of social/lifestyle factors including sex, somatic diseases, and smoking on escalating antisocial behavior exceeded that of examined genetic variants.
Genotyping male-specific RNA coliphages by hybridization with oligonucleotide probes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: F-specific (F+) RNA coliphages are prevalent in sewage and other fecal wastes of humans and animals. There are four antigenically distinct serogroups of F+ RNA coliphages, and those predominating in humans (groups II and III) differ from those predominating in animals (groups I and IV). Hence, it may be possible to distinguish between human and animal wastes by serotyping F+ RNA coliphage isolates. Because serotyping is laborious and requires scarce antiserum reagents, we investigated genotyping using synthetic oligonucleotide probes as an alternative approach to distinguishing the four groups of F+ RNA coliphages. Oligoprobes I, II, III, IV, A, and B were selected to detect group I, II, III, IV, I plus II, and III plus IV phages, respectively. Methods for phage transfer from zones of lysis on a host cell lawn to candidate membrane filters and fixation of genomic nucleic acid on the membranes were optimized. The oligoprobes, which were end labeled with digoxigenin, were applied in DNA-RNA hybridization, and hybrids were observed by colorimetric, immunoenzymatic detection. Of 203 isolates of F+ RNA coliphages from environmental samples of water, wastes, and shellfish, 99.5 and 96.6% could be classified into each group by serotyping and genotyping, respectively. Probes A and B correctly identified 100% of the isolates. On the basis of these results, this method for genotyping F+ RNA coliphages appears to be practical and reliable for typing isolates in field samples.
UntitledAdaptation of healthcare interventions for people with long-term conditions: A scoping review of current practice
Creators: name: Uddin, Jamal
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences

description: The overarching aims of this scoping review are to map the international literature on healthcare interventions for LTCs to inform an understanding of the methods and processes for carrying out intervention adaptation in a LMIC setting. Specific objectives are: (1) to identify studies across the globe that report the adaptation of healthcare interventions for people with LTCs; (2) to assess the methods and procedures of adaptation; (3) to describe the justification/rationale for the adaptation; (4) assess the theoretical basis of adaptation; and (4) to assess how studies conform to ADAPT or any other methodological guidance. This scoping review seeks to address the following research questions: • What are the methods and processes used in studies to adapt LTCs healthcare interventions? • What is the rationale for adaptation? • What theories are used in adaptation? • How consistently do adaptation studies to conform to ADAPT or any other methodological guidance for healthcare intervention adaptation? • How do these findings specifically inform the future adaptation of LTCs healthcare interventions in the LMIC setting?
The General Universal Property of the Propositional Truncation
Creators: name: Kraus, Nicolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.4.1

description: In a type-theoretic fibration category in the sense of Shulman (representing a dependent type theory with at least 1, Sigma, Pi, and identity types), we define the type of constant functions from A to B. This involves an infinite tower of coherence conditions, and we therefore need the category to have Reedy limits of diagrams over omega. Our main result is that, if the category further has propositional truncations and satisfies function extensionality, the type of constant function is equivalent to the type ||A|| -> B. If B is an n-type for a given finite n, the tower of coherence conditions becomes finite and the requirement of nontrivial Reedy limits vanishes. The whole construction can then be carried out in Homotopy Type Theory and generalises the universal property of the truncation. This provides a way to define functions ||A|| -> B if B is not known to be propositional, and it streamlines the common approach of finding a proposition Q with A -> Q and Q -> B.
description: v1: 27 pages; v2: 34 pages, improved notation, improved presentation in general, added figures to improve readability, added proof for the finite cases, corrected conjecture; to appear in the post-proceedings of TYPES'14 (LIPIcs); v3: fixed the statement of Lemma 2.1
Adopting a new model for health-based physical education: the impact of a professional development programme on teachers’ pedagogical practice
Creators: name: Sammon, Paul
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: This study explored the use of a collaborative and sustained programme of continuing professional development (CPD) to support the adoption of a new pedagogical model within secondary school physical education. Specifically, the research examined the developmental journey of presenting a new conceptual Health-Based Physical Education (HBPE) pedagogical model to teachers and supporting them to implement it in practice. The aim of the research was to examine teachers’ experiences during the HBPE-CPD programme and the subsequent impact on their practice. Participants were nine physical educators from two secondary schools in England who worked with the programme for one year. The HBPE-CPD programme involved school-based meetings, reflective activities and on-going support during the model’s implementation. Participatory action research was employed as the methodology and the data gathering methods used included teacher reflections, interviews, lesson observations and field notes. Analysis followed an inductive, iterative process involving constant comparison between the different data sources to generate and subsequently code themes. The creation of sustained CPD programmes, with teachers and researchers working collaboratively, encouraged the adoption of the HBPE pedagogical model over time, although competing organisational pressures presented some challenges. Whilst the teachers demonstrated mixed success with their adoption of the HBPE model, there was a sustained shift away from a ‘fitness for performance’ philosophy with greater emphasis placed on explicitly promoting out-of-class physical activity for all students. These findings illustrate that collaborative and sustained CPD programmes involving external support can support teachers to adopt new ideas and change their practice over time. They also suggest the HBPE model has real promise, particularly in guiding teachers to promote healthy active lifestyles with their students. It is recommended that the model is further refined and new forms of CPD are developed to support teachers’ sustained adoption of pedagogical models, such as HBPE. However, a concerted effort needs to be made by all stakeholders in education to ensure that teachers have sufficient time allocated for CPD and are encouraged to engage in pedagogical change.
LIGHT-DRIVEN CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ESTUARINE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
Creators: name: Malcolm, Lance David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Microbial communities are integral to global carbon cycling. Microbial community composition is a key determinant of individual estuary behavior as net carbon sources or sinks. Multiple organic carbon-generating processes in estuaries are light-mediated. Here, we employ microcosm models to investigate an estuarine microbiome under experimental lighting treatments between two seasonal incubations. Using quantitative metagenomics, we observe similar patterns of compositional change between microbiomes subjected to ultraviolet radiation and those kept in darkness, both differing from those exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Patterns of microbiome compositional change related to the maintenance of cyanobacterial families at greater abundances in PAR-treated communities than in other treatments and the late enrichment of methylotroph taxa in dark-treated communities. Moreover, beta diversity partitioned between the experiments, reflecting the potential for seasonal drivers of estuarine microbial community composition. Altogether, our results suggest the occurrence of specific microbiome composition responses to changes in available estuarine organic carbon.
Genetic History of Eurasia Before the Common Era
Creators: name: L.R. Gabidullina
name: M.A. Dzhaubermezov
name: N.V. Ekomasova
name: Z.R. Sufyanova
name: E.K. Khusnutdinova
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2023
Subjects: ancient DNA
human populations
admixture
migration
human origins
adaptation

description: In 2010, the first scientific study was published on genome-wide data on ancient DNA belonging to a male of the Paleo-Eskimo culture, who lived about 4000 years ago. Since then, advances in DNA techniques have made it possible to sequence hundreds and thousands of ancient genomes. Today, 13 years later, scientists have obtained genome data from more than 10,000 ancient humans, and data accumulation continues at an exponential rate. The vast majority of the studied ancient genomes were obtained from various places in the territory of Eurasia, which is distinguished by the huge diversity of its genes, cultures, and languages. Here we give an overview of the migration, mixing and continuity of the human population across the territory of Eurasia, starting from the period of its settlement by modern people and ending with the most mobile period in the history of mankind – the Iron Age.
VAFB-1985-12: Archaeological Investigation: Northwest Lompoc / Jesus Maria Project, Union Oil Company of California, Vandenberg Air Force Base
Creators: name: Foster, John M.
name: Greenwood, Roberta S.
Year: 1985

description: This document is a study that was conducted for Union Oil Company to identify and evaluate cultural resources which may be affected by their proposed Northwest Lompoc/Jesus Maria Project on VAFB. Union Oil proposes to construct 43 well pads with size ranging from an area of 200x200 to 200x420 feet, combined cable/pipeline corridors 10-15 feet wide, and new access roads 20 feet wide.

The inventory resulted in the discover of nine archaeological sites and nine cultural resource isolates (eight prehistoric and one historical). In addition to the newly recorded sites, 11 previously identified cultural resources were revisited and their site records updates as needed. Of the 20 sites, eight appear to be eligible for the NRHP (JM-1, 4, 5, 7, CA-SBA-593, 1026, 1027, and 1088). The remaining four sites have been evaluated as potentially eligible to he NRHP and recommendations have been made for their management so that there will be little of no adverse effect. The other 11 sites do not appear to be eligible.
A virion concentration method for detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by PCR and oligoprobe hybridization.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: This article reports the development of a method to purify and concentrate intact virions from oyster extracts to volume and quality compatible with viral genomic nucleic acid amplification by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and confirmation by oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Fifty-gram oyster samples were processed by an adsorption-elution -precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) PFU of poliovirus type 1 (PV1) or hepatitis A virus (HAV). Seeded viruses in oyster extracts were purified by fluorocarbon extraction and concentrated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and elution. Virus recovery after elution of PEG precipitates was dependent upon PEG concentration and averaged 60% for PV1 and 40% for HAV. The next processing step used the protein-precipitating agent Pro-Cipitate (Affinity Technology, Inc., Brunswick, N.J.) in an adsorption-elution -precipitation scheme to further concentrate viruses and reduce sample volumes to 100 microliter. Oyster extracts processed by Pro-Cipitate adsorption-elution-precipitation were directly compatible with RT-PCR and yielded virus recoveries of > 80% for both PV1 and HAV. When extracts from 50-g oyster samples were seeded and processed by the combined concentration and purification scheme, direct RT-PCR detection of viral genomic RNA was possible at initial inoculum levels of 10 PFU for both PV1 and HAV and with low levels of Norwalk virus. Virus recoveries based on cell culture infectivity were 25 to 35% for PV1 and 5 to 10% for HAV. When tested on artificially contaminated raw oysters, the combined method successfully detected > or = 10(3) PFU of PV1 and HAV and 10(5) RT-PCR-amplifiable units of Norwalk virus. Virus detection by RT-PCR and cell culture infectivity was consistent and well correlated among replicate samples and at different virus titers. The procedure developed in this study is rapid, sensitive, and effective for the direct detection of enteric viruses in oysters by RT-PCR.
Impact of a High-Fat and High-Fiber Diet on Gut Microbiota in ICR (CD1) Mice
Creators: name: V.A. Shepilova
name: A.S. Krivenko
name: N.V. Ivanova
name: A.V. Kabachkova
name: O.P. Ikkert
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2023
Subjects: yeasts
enterobacteria
lactobacilli
bifidobacteria.

description: This study evaluated the effect of different diets on the probiotic (lacto-, bifidobacteria) and opportunistic (yeast, Escherichia coli) intestinal microflora of CD1 mice. The high-fat diet contained 40% animal fat (lard) and the high-fiber diet contained 40% freeze-dried fiber. The intestinal microflora was determined by the standard method of seeding the contents of the intestine on selective culture media (MPС, Blaurock, Sabouraud, Endo). The results showed that on the 50th day of the experiment in the group of mice with a high fat content, the population of probiotic cultures of lactoand bifidobacteria decreased, while the population of yeast and enterobacteria increased, compared with the starting point of the experiment and the control group of mice. The weight of mice in this group by the end of the experiment increased by 16%. In the group of mice with a high content of insoluble fiber, a decrease in the populations of probiotic cultures, yeasts and enterobacteria was observed. At the same time, the weight of mice increased by 13.6%. Thus, high fat intake in the diet entails possible disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, an increase in opportunistic microflora, which can lead to intestinal diseases. When using a large amount of insoluble fiber, on the contrary, it leads to a decrease in microflora in general. This is most likely due to a lack of nutrients and enough nutrients (proteins and fats) in the diet, which are still necessary for the microflora.
Detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by in vivo and in vitro amplification of nucleic acids.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: This study describes the detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in 31 naturally contaminated oyster specimens by nucleic acid amplification and oligonucleotide probing. Viruses were extracted by adsorption-elution-precipitation from 50-g oyster samples harvested from an area receiving sewage effluent discharge. Ninety percent of each extract was inoculated into primate kidney cell cultures for virus isolation and infectivity assay. Viruses in the remaining 10% of oyster extract that was not inoculated into cell cultures were further purified and concentrated by a procedure involving Freon extraction, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and Pro-Cipitate precipitation. After 3 to 4 weeks of incubation, RNA was extracted from inoculated cultures that were negative for cytopathic effects (CPE). These RNA extracts and the RNA from virions purified and concentrated directly from oyster extracts were subjected to reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with primer pairs for human enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus. The resulting amplicons were confirmed by internal oligonucleotide probe hybridization. For the portions of oyster sample extracts inoculated into cell cultures, 12 (39%) were positive for human enteroviruses by CPE and 6 (19%) were positive by RT-PCR and oligoprobing of RNA extracts from CPE-negative cell cultures. For the remaining sample portions tested by direct RT-PCR and oligoprobing after further concentration, five (about 16%) were confirmed to be positive for human enteroviruses. Hepatitis A virus was also detected in RNA extracts of two CPE-positive samples by RT-PCR and oligoprobing. Combining the data from all three methods, enteric viruses were detected in 18 of 31 (58%) samples. Detection by nucleic acid methods increased the number of positive samples by 50% over detection by CPE in cell culture. Hence, nucleic acid amplification methods increase the detection of noncytopathic human enteric viruses in oysters.
Electronic Specific Heat of DNA: Effects of backbones and disorder
Creators: name: Kundu, Sourav
name: Karmakar, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this present work we report the results of our investigation on the electronic specific heat (ESH) of DNA molecule modelled within the tight-binding framework. We take four different DNA sequences ranging from periodic, quasi-periodic to random and studied both ESH and also the density of states to supplement our ESH results. The role of the backbone structure and the effectsof environment on ESH are discussed. We observe that irrespective of the sequences there is auniversal response of the ESH spectra for a given disorder. The nature of response of specific heaton backbone disorder is totally opposite in low and high temperature regimes.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
High Electron Mobility and Large Magnetoresistance in the Half-Heusler Semimetal LuPtBi
Creators: name: Hou, Zhipeng
name: Wang, Wenhong
name: Xu, Guizhou
name: Zhang, Xiaoming
name: Wei, Zhiyang
name: Shen, Shipeng
name: Liu, Enke
name: Yao, Yuan
name: Chai, Yisheng
name: Sun, Young
name: Xi, Xuekui
name: Wang, Wenquan
name: Liu, Zhongyuan
name: Wu, Guangheng
name: Zhang, Xi-xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials with high carrier mobility showing large magnetoresistance (MR) have recently received much attention because of potential applications in future high-performance magneto-electric devices. Here, we report on the discovery of an electron-hole-compensated half-Heusler semimetal LuPtBi that exhibits an extremely high electron mobility of up to 79000 cm2/Vs with a non-saturating positive MR as large as 3200% at 2 K. Remarkably, the mobility at 300 K is found to exceed 10500 cm2/Vs, which is among the highest values reported in three-dimensional bulk materials thus far. The clean Shubnikov-de Haas quantum oscillation observed at low temperatures and the first-principles calculations together indicate that the high electron mobility is due to a rather small effective carrier mass caused by the distinctive band structure of the crystal. Our finding provide a new approach for finding large, high-mobility MR materials by designing an appropriate Fermi surface topology starting from simple electron-hole-compensated semimetals.
description: 26 pages,10 pages, 1 SUPPLEMENTARY, accepted for publication in Physical review B
THE CEREBROVASCULAR RESPONSE TO ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS: A COMPARISON OF HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC WHITE YOUNG ADULTS
Creators: name: Rheault, Madeline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: In addition to traditionally recognized risk factors for development of cerebrovascular disease, it has been shown that psychological stress plays a role in the development of cerebrovascular pathologies2,3. While the effects of psychological stress on cardiovascular health have been researched, prior studies primarily focused on central hemodynamic measures. Additionally, there has been little investigation into whether differences exist in the cerebrovascular response to stress across ethnicities. This study investigated the cerebrovascular response to an acute bout of psychological stress in Hispanic individuals compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. Cerebral blood flow velocity and heart-middle cerebral artery pulse wave velocity were measured to assess the cerebrovascular responses of 7 participants (21.82  3.51 years, 87.5% female, 25.22  2.66 kg/m2). In hmPWV outcomes, there was a significant main effect for condition (p < .001), but not for time (p=0.092) or ethnicity (p=0.203). Additionally, there were significant time * condition (p < .001), condition * ethnicity (p=0.012), and time*condition*ethnicity (p=0.047) interaction effects. For MCAv outcomes, there was a significant interaction effect for condition*ethnicity (p=0.023). These results suggest that acute psychological stress may detrimentally impact cerebral arterial stiffness, and there may be differences in these cerebrovascular responses across Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White populations.
Fabricating poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/poly(caprolactone) blend fibres via electrospinning
Creators: name: Huang, Chao
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: The whole thesis is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces some background information of the polylactic acid (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and electrospinning which are the main polymers and technique used for this PhD project.Chapter 2 is a comprehensive literature review related to the project, which firstly introduces nanofibres and various methods to fabricate nanofibres, followed by introducing different setups of electrospinning and the main factors (concentration, molecular weight and solution properties) influencing electrospinning results. Next, previous studies on electrospun, PLA-based, PCL-based and PLA/PCL blend fibres are reviewed. The final part is a critical review of porous polymeric fibres fabricated by different mechanisms and various applications in which electrospun porous fibres show improved performance (tissue engineering, drug delivery and oil spill clean-up & oil/water separation).Chapter 3 is the experimental methods part of the project, which includes preparation of spinning solutions, electrospinning conditions and parameters, and a variety of techniques to characterise spinning solutions and the resultant fibres.Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are results and discussion of the whole PhD project. Chapter 4 is focused on electrospinning of PLA, PCL and PLA/PCL nonporous fibres by using different solvent systems including acetone (AC) or AC/dimethylformamide (DMF), AC/ethanol (EtOH) and AC/dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Also, the effect of blending ratio and applied voltage on fibre morphology and diameter have been studied. In addition, PLA incorporating magnetic particles (Fe3O4) has been electrospun into randomly oriented or aligned fibres. Chapter 5 investigates electrospinning of porous PLA fibres by careful selection of solvents, such as single solvent Chloroform (CHL) and DMSO or binary solvents: (CHL/EtOH and CHL/DMSO). The controlled surface and internal porosity can be attributed to mechanisms including breath figure, non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and vapour induced phase separation (VIPS). Chapter 6 investigates fabrication of electrospun porous PLA, PCL and PLA/PCL blend fibres by the NIPS mechanism at given conditions (10kV, CHL/DMSO 80/20 %v/v). Properties, including shear viscosity of solutions, morphologies, phase inversion, thermal, mechanical and in vitro degradation of porous fibres are also studied in detail.Chapter 7 concisely summaries the results and some discussion of the whole thesis. Chapter 8 suggests some future work that can be done.
Novel DeepONet architecture to predict stresses in elastoplastic structures with variable complex geometries and loads
Creators: name: He, Junyan
name: Koric, Seid
name: Kushwaha, Shashank
name: Park, Jaewan
name: Abueidda, Diab
name: Jasiuk, Iwona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A novel deep operator network (DeepONet) with a residual U-Net (ResUNet) as the trunk network is devised to predict full-field highly nonlinear elastic-plastic stress response for complex geometries obtained from topology optimization under variable loads. The proposed DeepONet uses a ResUNet in the trunk to encode complex input geometries, and a fully-connected branch network encodes the parametric loads. Additional information fusion is introduced via an element-wise multiplication of the encoded latent space to improve prediction accuracy further. The performance of the proposed DeepONet was compared to two baseline models, a standalone ResUNet and a DeepONet with fully connected networks as the branch and trunk. The results show that ResUNet and the proposed DeepONet share comparable accuracy; both can predict the stress field and accurately identify stress concentration points. However, the novel DeepONet is more memory efficient and allows greater flexibility with framework architecture modifications. The DeepONet with fully connected networks suffers from high prediction error due to its inability to effectively encode the complex, varying geometry. Once trained, all three networks can predict the full stress distribution orders of magnitude faster than finite element simulations. The proposed network can quickly guide preliminary optimization, designs, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification, and many other nonlinear analyses that require extensive forward evaluations with variable geometries, loads, and other parameters. This work marks the first time a ResUNet is used as the trunk network in the DeepONet architecture and the first time that DeepONet solves problems with complex, varying input geometries under parametric loads and elasto-plastic material behavior.