cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Information thermodynamics of financial markets: the Glosten-Milgrom model
Creators: name: Touzo, Léo
name: Marsili, Matteo
name: Zagier, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Glosten-Milgrom model describes a single asset market, where informed traders interact with a market maker, in the presence of noise traders. We derive an analogy between this financial model and a Szilárd information engine by {\em i)} showing that the optimal work extraction protocol in the latter coincides with the pricing strategy of the market maker in the former and {\em ii)} defining a market analogue of the physical temperature from the analysis of the distribution of market orders. Then we show that the expected gain of informed traders is bounded above by the product of this market temperature with the amount of information that informed traders have, in exact analogy with the corresponding formula for the maximal expected amount of work that can be extracted from a cycle of the information engine. This suggests that recent ideas from information thermodynamics may shed light on financial markets, and lead to generalised inequalities, in the spirit of the extended second law of thermodynamics.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
A dwarf galaxy with a giant HI disk
Creators: name: Begum, Ayesha
name: Chengalur, Jayaram N.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI 21cm images of a nearby dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 3741 (M_B ~ -13.13 mag) which show it to have a gas disk that extends to ~ 8.3 times its Holmberg radius. This makes it probably the most extended gas disk known. Our observations allow us to derive the rotation curve (which is flat in the outer regions) out to ~ 38 optical scale lengths. NGC 3741 has a dynamical mass to light ratio of ~ 107 and is one of the ``darkest'' irregular galaxies known. However, the bulk of the baryonic mass in NGC 3741 is in the form of gas and the ratio of the dynamic mass to the baryonic mass (~ 8), falls within the range that is typical for galaxies. Thus the dark matter halo of NGC 3741 has acquired its fair share of baryons, but for some reason, these baryons have been unable to collapse to form stars. A comparison of NGC 3741's dark halo properties with those of a sample of galaxies with well measured rotation curves suggests that if one has to reconcile the observations with the expectation that low mass galaxies suffer fractionally greater baryon loss then baryon loss from halos occurs in such a way that, in the net, the remaining baryons occupy a fractionally smaller volume of the total halo.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. A high resolution version of this paper can be downloaded from http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/~ayesha
Die Gemeinschaft von Männern und Frauen in der Kirche
Creators: name: Scharffenorth, Gerta
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 1
Additional file 1 of The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws’ and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Dixit, Anvita
name: Bhan, Nandita
name: Benmarhnia, Tarik
name: Reed, Elizabeth
name: Kiene, Susan M.
name: Silverman, Jay
name: Raj, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample among married adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India (Bihar N = 3,182, UP N = 1711). Table A2. Pressure from in-laws’ to have child early in marriage by outcomes of ever contraception use, communication about number of children, time until first birth, and parity, among married adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh state wise, India (Bihar N = 3182, and Uttar Pradesh N = 1711, 2202 for communication about number of children). Table A3. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic and linear regression between pressure from in-laws’ to have a child immediately after marriage by outcomes of ever contraception use, communication about number of children, time to birth, and parity, among married adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Bihar (N = 3182), and Uttar Pradesh (N = 1711), India. Table A4. Sensitivity analysis of unadjusted and adjusted multinomial regression between pressure from in-laws’ to have child early in marriage and ever modern contraceptive use, among married adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India (N = 4893). Table A5. Fear of being called barren for descriptive purposes among married adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh combined, India (N = 4893).
Characterization of bactenecin : a small antimicrobial cationic peptide
Creators: name: Wu, Manhong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Bactenecin is a 12-amino acid-long cyclic peptide from bovine neutrophils. It has the sequence: RLCRIVVIRVCR, and was cyclized by formation of a single disulphide bond. Computer modeling suggested it was amphipathic, with a central hydrophobic ring and positive charges located at both the C- and N-termini. Circular dichroism (CD) spectral studies were consistent with the computer model, in showing that bactenecin is rigid, β-turn structure regardless of its environment. CD spectral studies showed that two linear variants of bactenecin were more flexible, then adopted random structure in phosphate buffer, α-helical structure in trifluoroethanol and β-sheet structure in the presence of liposomes. Bactenecin was shown to have moderate antimicrobial activity against three wildtype Gram-negative bacteria, but was inactive against several Gram-positive bacteria. Disruption of the disulphide bond abolished the antimicrobial activity against the wild type Gram-negative bacteria, but had in improved antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis and Entercoccus faecalis. Both the native cyclic and linear bactenecins interacted with the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli differently. Nature bactenecin bound and permeabilized the outer membrane better than the linear variants, which explains its better activity against the wild-type Gram-negative bacteria. However, bactenecin had poor activity in depolarizing the cytoplasmic membrane. Conversely the linear variants demonstrated poor interaction with the outer membrane, yet were effective in depolarizing the cytoplasmic membrane. These results suggest that cyclization was important for bactenecin to interact with the outer membrane, and furthermore, that cyclic bactenecin could act by a fundamentally different mechanisms from its linear variants. Bactenecin was proposed to have a mechanism of action which involves other cellular targets than the bacterial membrane. Structure:function studies implied that increasing the number of positive charges, by introduction of additional arginine residues at both the N - and C-termini, resulted in improved activity. Linear variants were more active against Gram-positive bacteria. Introduction of the hydrophobic residue, tryptophan, into the loop of cyclic bactenecin improved the antimicrobial activity and dramatically broadened the antimicrobial spectrum. Two interesting candidates as potential therapeutic agents were identified, Bac2A-CN and Bac2R,W. These two peptides had good antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including some clinically significant pathogens, and low toxicity.
Perturbation Analysis of a Variable M/M/1 Queue: A Probabilistic Approach
Creators: name: Antunes, Nelson
name: Fricker, Christine
name: Guillemin, Fabrice
name: Robert, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the problem of the coexistence on transmission links of telecommunication networks of elastic and unresponsive traffic, we study in this paper the impact on the busy period of an M/M/1 queue of a small perturbation in the server rate. The perturbation depends upon an independent stationary process (X(t)) and is quantified by means of a parameter \eps \ll 1. We specifically compute the two first terms of the power series expansion in \eps of the mean value of the busy period duration. This allows us to study the validity of the Reduced Service Rate (RSR) approximation, which consists in comparing the perturbed M/M/1 queue with the M/M/1 queue where the service rate is constant and equal to the mean value of the perturbation. For the first term of the expansion, the two systems are equivalent. For the second term, the situation is more complex and it is shown that the correlations of the environment process (X(t)) play a key role.
Does Diversity Drive Down Trust?
Creators: name: Uslaner, Eric
name: Uslaner, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Some researchers claim that diverse populations lead to less trust. Generalized trust is a core value that leads to positive outcomes in societies--from greater tolerance of minority groups and immigrants and willingness to do good deeds, to less corruption, more social welfare and education spending, more open markets, and better functioning government. Generalized trust fundamentally rests upon a foundation of respect for diversity, but at the same time arguing that societies have a common culture. It is the idea that people have a shared fate. Generalized trust rests upon a foundation of economic equality. Yet some claim that diversity leads to less trust rather than more trust. Trusting people who are different from yourself is atypical of most people, they claim. I dispute this--arguing that generalized trust is largely unrelated to population diversity. It is not diversity that matters--it is how populations are distributed. I show that trust is lower not in diverse societies, but rather in societies with large minority groups that are segregated from the majority groups. Minority residential segregation leads to less trust because it leads to less interaction across different groups in society--and leads minorities to associate only with each other, to form their own political organizations, and to see their fate as less dependent upon majority groups. I then discuss how economic inequality and the rule of law shape the relationship between trust and minority residential segregation.
The Missing Odderon
Creators: name: Donnachie, A
name: Dosch, H G
name: Nachtmann, O
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to theoretical expectations, experimental results at sqrt(s)=200 GeV for the reaction gamma p --> pi0 X show no evidence for odderon exchange. The upper limit on the cross section is an order of magnitude smaller than the theoretical estimate. It is argued that chiral symmetry leads to a large suppression, taking the thoeretical estimates well below the data. Two additional arguments are presented which may decrease the theoretical estimate further. The calculations are more sensitive to the assumptions made in evaluating the hadronic scattering amplitude than in the processes considered previously and lattice gauge calculations indicate that the odderon intercept may be appreciably lower than usually assumed. These two latter effects are particularly relevant for the reactions gamma p --> f2(1270)X and gamma p --> a2(1320)X for which the data upper limits are also below the theoretical predictions, but not so dramatically as for gamma p --> pi0 X.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Dispersion Relations in $κ$-Noncommutative Cosmology
Creators: name: Aschieri, Paolo
name: Borowiec, Andrzej
name: Pachoł, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study noncommutative deformations of the wave equation in curved backgrounds and discuss the modification of the dispersion relations due to noncommutativity combined with curvature of spacetime. Our noncommutative differential geometry approach is based on Drinfeld twist deformation, and can be implemented for any twist and any curved background. We discuss in detail the Jordanian twist $-$giving $κ$-Minkowski spacetime in flat space$-$ in the presence of a Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological background. We obtain a new expression for the variation of the speed of light, depending linearly on the ratio $E_{ph}/E_{LV}$ (photon energy / Lorentz violation scale), but also linearly on the cosmological time, the Hubble parameter and inversely proportional to the scale factor.
description: 20 pages. New version: 23 pages, added 4-dim. dispersion relations and numerical estimates
Italian Schools and New Linguistic Minorities: Nationality Vs. Plurilingualism. Which Ways and Methodologies for Mapping These Contexts?
Creators: name: Bagna, Carla
name: Bagna, Carla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: According to the latest findings of the MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Research), Alunni con cittadinanza non italiana 2004-2005 (MIUR, October 2005), 4.2% of the school population in Italy is made up of non-Italian citizens, with no reference to students who have one Italian parent or adopted children. These findings show that schools have become multilingual, not so much or solely because of the proposed linguistic offerings, nor for the linguistic heritage of Italian-speakers, which alternates among dialect, regional Italian and standard Italian, but mostly because of the dimension created by the contacts developed between different linguistic and cultural heritages. The paper aims at emphasizing and showing different ways for mapping the role played and the weight exercised by these "new linguistic minorities" - (defined as such) so-called because they are related to immigrant settlements in the territory and, hence, "immigrant languages" - in redefining the linguistic landscape of a school and of a territory.
Hydrophobic Gating and Spatial Confinement in Hierarchically Organized Block Copolymer-Nanopore Electrode Arrays for Electrochemical Biosensing of 4-Ethyl Phenol
Creators: name: Reitemeier, Julius
name: Bohn, Paul W.
name: Baek, Seol
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Hydrophobic gating in biological transport proteins is regulated by stimulus-specific switching between filled and empty nanocavities, endowing them with selective mass transport capabilities. Inspired by these, solid-state nanochannels have been integrated into functional materials for a broad range of applications, such as energy conversion, filtration, and nanoelectronics, and here we extend these to electrochemical biosensors coupled to mass transport control elements. Specifically, we report hierarchically organized structures with block copolymers on tyrosinase-modified two-electrode nanopore electrode arrays (BCP@NEAs) as stimulus-controlled electrochemical biosensors for alkylphenols. A polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl)pyridine (PS-b-P4VP) membrane placed atop the NEA endows the system with potential-responsive gating properties, where water transport is spatially and temporarily gated through hydrophobic P4VP nanochannels by the application of appropriate potentials. The reversibility of hydrophobic voltage-gating makes it possible to capture and confine analyte species in the attoliter-volume vestibule of cylindrical nanopore electrodes, enabling redox cycling and yielding enhanced currents with amplification factors >100× when operated in a generator-collector mode. The enzyme-coupled sensing capabilities are demonstrated using nonelectroactive 4-ethyl phenol, exploiting the tyrosinase-catalyzed turnover into reversibly redox-active quinones, then using the quinone-catechol redox reaction to achieve ultrasensitive cycling currents in confined BCP@NEA sensors giving a limit-of-detection of ∼120 nM. The mass transport controlled sensing platform described here is relevant to the development of enzyme-coupled multiplex biosensors for sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers and metabolites in next-generation point-of-care devices.
Higher-dimensional linking integrals
Creators: name: Shonkwiler, Clayton
name: Vela-Vick, David Shea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q45 (Primary), 57M25, 53C20 (Secondary)

description: We derive an integral formula for the linking number of two submanifolds of the n-sphere S^n, of the product S^n x R^m, and of other manifolds which appear as "nice" hypersurfaces in Euclidean space. The formulas are geometrically meaningful in that they are invariant under the action of the special orthogonal group on the ambient space.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Economic Integration and Similarity in Trade Structures
Creators: name: Tajoli, Lucia
name: De Benedictis, Luca
name: Tajoli, Lucia
name: De Benedictis, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: In this paper we look at the similarity of trade structures in an integrating area. In particular, we analyse the export flows toward the EU market of four of the so-called "accession countries" of Central and Eastern Europe by comparing them to those of the pre-2004 members of the European Union (EU15). From a methodological point of view, we evaluate the appropriateness of different classes of similarity indices - correlation indices and distance metrics - opting for the use of the Bray-Curtis semi-metric to assess changes in the trade similarity. We examine its evolution over time - from 1989 to 2001 - considering both self-similarity (how the export composition of a CEEC has changed with respect to the beginning of the transition process) and EU-similarity (if and how the export composition of a CEEC has changed with respect to the EU15 export composition). Finally, we use EU-similarity matrices to test if the dynamics of sectoral distribution of total exports of Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria to the EU is related to the role acquired by processed trade in the 1990s. Using a nonparametric Mantel test we give evidence that: (1) processed trade is crucial in explaining changes in the overall structure of exports of transition countries, and (2) that greater economic integration in terms of trade flows and processing trade does not always lead to greater export similarity between the CEECs and the EU15 member States.
Intrinsic Time-reversal-invariant Topological Superconductivity in Thin Films of Iron-based Superconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui-Xing
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish quasi-two-dimensional thin films of iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) as a new high-temperature platform for hosting intrinsic time-reversal-invariant helical topological superconductivity (TSC). Based on the combination of Dirac surface state and bulk extended $s$-wave pairing, our theory should be directly applicable to a large class of experimentally established FeSCs, opening a new TSC paradigm. In particular, an applied electric field serves as a "topological switch" for helical Majorana edge modes in FeSC thin films, allowing for an experimentally feasible design of gate-controlled helical Majorana circuits. Applying an in-plane magnetic field drives the helical TSC phase into a higher-order TSC carrying corner-localized Majorana zero modes. Our proposal should enable the experimental realization of helical Majorana fermions.
description: 5+2 pages, 4+2 figures
The radio afterglow of GRB 030329 at centimeter wavelengths: evidence for a structured jet or non-relativistic expansion
Creators: name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: Rol, E.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Strom, R.
name: Kaper, L.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our centimeter wavelength (1.4, 2.3 and 4.8 GHz) light curves of the afterglow of GRB 030329, which were obtained with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. Modeling the data according to a collimated afterglow results in a jet-break time of 10 days. This is in accordance with earlier results obtained at higher radio frequencies. However, with respect to the afterglow model, some additional flux at the lower frequencies is present when these light curves reach their maximum after 40-80 days. We show that this additional flux can be modeled with two or more components with progressively later jet breaks. From these results we infer that the jet is in fact a structured or a layered jet, where the ejecta with lower Lorentz factors produce additional flux that becomes visible at late times in the lowest frequency bands. We show that a transition to non-relativistic expansion of the fireball at late times can also account for the observed flux excess, except for the lowest frequency (1.4 GHz) data.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Hubs-biased resistance distances on graphs and networks
Creators: name: Estrada, Ernesto
name: Mugnolo, Delio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 05C82, 15A18, 47N50

description: We define and study two new kinds of "effective resistances" based on hubs-biased -- hubs-repelling and hubs-attracting -- models of navigating a graph/network. We prove that these effective resistances are squared Euclidean distances between the vertices of a graph. They can be expressed in terms of the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the hubs-biased Laplacian matrices of the graph. We define the analogous of the Kirchhoff indices of the graph based of these resistance distances. We prove several results for the new resistance distances and the Kirchhoff indices based on spectral properties of the corresponding Laplacians. After an intensive computational search we conjecture that the Kirchhoff index based on the hubs-repelling resistance distance is not smaller than that based on the standard resistance distance, and that the last is not smaller than the one based on the hubs-attracting resistance distance. We also observe that in real-world brain and neural systems the efficiency of standard random walk processes is as high as that of hubs-attracting schemes. On the contrary, infrastructures and modular software networks seem to be designed to be navigated by using their hubs.
Nebular abundances of southern symbiotic stars
Creators: name: Luna, G. J. M.
name: Costa, R. D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated relative elemental abundances for a sample of 43 symbiotic stars. Helium abundances and the relative elemental abundances N/O, Ne/O, Ar/O were derived from new spectra collected in the optical range through low dispersion spectroscopy. The He ionic abundances were derived taking into account self-absorption effects in Balmer lines. We found that the symbiotic stars in the galactic bulge have heavy element abundances showing the same wide distribution as other bulge objects. In the galactic disk, the symbiotic stars follow the abundance gradient as derived from different kinds of objects.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, A&A - accepted
Compact 200 line MATLAB code for inverse design in photonics by topology optimization: tutorial
Creators: name: Christiansen, Rasmus E.
name: Sigmund, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a compact 200 line MATLAB code demonstrating how topology optimization (TopOpt) as an inverse design tool may be used in photonics, targeting the design of two-dimensional dielectric metalenses and a metallic reflector as examples. The physics model is solved using the finite element method, and the code utilizes MATLAB's fmincon algorithm to solve the optimization problem. In addition to presenting the code itself, we briefly discuss a number of extensions and provide the code required to implement some of these. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of using a gradient-based method compared to a genetic-algorithm-based method (using MATLAB's ga algorithm) for solving inverse design problems in photonics. The MATLAB software is freely available in the paper and may be downloaded from https://www.topopt.mek.dtu.dk.
description: 5 Figures, 17 pages
Suspension of the Doha Round of Multilateral Negotiations and the Need for Its Resuscitation
Creators: name: Das, Dilip K.
name: Das, Dilip K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Doha
subject: failure
subject: multilateral negotiations
subject: progress

description: The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) has proved to be egregiously problem-prone. Due to deep dissension among WTO members it had to be suspended, and efforts to revive it have so far not succeeded. Although the mercantilist mindset of the participants has been frequently blamed for the consistently tardy progress of negotiations, there is more to the situation than just a mindset. This article methodically analyzes the various steps taken since the launch of the Doha Round and dwells on the challenges faced during the MTNs. Time and again negotiating members and country groups publicized their constructive intentions, and a series of official pronouncements provided a surfeit of evidence of commitment to the objectives of the Doha Development Agenda. Ironically, with the passage of time it became obvious that those expressions of positive and virtuous intentions were completely misleading. There was a large distance between what was being said and what was being achieved in terms of tangible agreements and core modalities. It is imperative that the Doha Round be resuscitated and that the key players show flexibility and take decisive steps forward. The round is vital; the community of trading economies must not be allowed to collapse. Virtually the entire global community of traders will share in and gain from the successful outcome of the Doha Round. A failure will force them to share the shortfalls. Revival is a possible and credible objective. This article proposes a two-stage revival process.
Additional file 2 of Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and the association between NnADAP and rhizome morphology
Creators: name: Dingding Cao
name: Zhongyuan Lin
name: Longyu Huang
name: Damaris, Rebecca Njeri
name: Yang, Pingfang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. A, Mapping of AP2/ERF genes in lotus main megascaffolds. The unit of the length of each megascaffold is megabase. B, The numbers of these genes in each megascaffold
Antidumping and Market Power in the Agriculture Sector, with a Special Case Study of the Fresh Tomato Industry
Creators: name: Baylis, Katherine R.
name: Baylis, Katherine R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agriculture
subject: antidumping legislation
subject: competition
subject: fresh tomato industry

description: In this article we highlight the anticompetitive nature of antidumping (AD) legislation. Antidumping legislation was set up to protect domestic firms from predatory pricing by foreign firms. We argue that protecting highly concentrated industries drastically reduces competition at home. In cases where the industry consists only of one or two firms, import restriction may breed monopolies at the expense of domestic consumers. This article looks at cases filed by the agriculture sector, and at the market concentration of industries in this sector, to illustrate the above possibility. We study the case of fresh tomatoes in detail to further demonstrate the anticompetitive nature of AD legislation. We show the effect of AD legislation on imports, as well as the change in the Lerner index in the fresh tomato industry.
Additional file 1 of Synthetic analysis of the efficacy of the S-net system in tsunami forecasting
Creators: name: Mulia, Iyan E.
name: Satake, Kenji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Meshes for the triangular dislocation in a half-space model to calculate the displacement (left panel). Rectilinear grids where the final slip is calculated (right panel). Contours indicate plate interface depth. Figure S2. Tsunami forecasting using 6 stations. The top left panel shows virtually observed (reference) vs forecasted waveforms at the sample stations indicated in the bottom left panel including the reference slip, and the length of tsunami data used for the inversion analysis marked by light yellow areas. Top right panel shows reference vs forecasted waveforms at the 12 coastal points shown in the bottom right panel including the inverted slip. Figure S3. Tsunami forecasting using all S-net stations. The top left panel shows virtually observed (reference) vs forecasted waveforms at the nearest stations to the source indicated in the bottom left panel including the reference slip, and the length of tsunami data used for the inversion analysis marked by light yellow areas. Top right panel shows reference vs forecasted waveforms at the 12 coastal points shown in the bottom right panel including the inverted slip. Figure S4. Tsunami forecasting using optimized 130 S-net stations. The top left panel shows virtually observed (reference) vs forecasted waveforms at the nearest stations to the source indicated in the bottom left panel including the reference slip, and the length of tsunami data used for the inversion analysis marked by light yellow areas. Top right panel shows reference vs forecasted waveforms at the 12 coastal points shown in the bottom right panel including the inverted slip.
Integration of streaming services and TCP data transmission in the Internet
Creators: name: Antunes, Nelson
name: Fricker, Christine
name: Guillemin, Fabrice
name: Robert, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study in this paper the integration of elastic and streaming traffic on a same link in an IP network. We are specifically interested in the computation of the mean bit rate obtained by a data transfer. For this purpose, we consider that the bit rate offered by streaming traffic is low, of the order of magnitude of a small parameter \eps \ll 1 and related to an auxiliary stationary Markovian process (X(t)). Under the assumption that data transfers are exponentially distributed, arrive according to a Poisson process, and share the available bandwidth according to the ideal processor sharing discipline, we derive the mean bit rate of a data transfer as a power series expansion in \eps. Since the system can be described by means of an M/M/1 queue with a time-varying server rate, which depends upon the parameter \eps and process (X(t)), the key issue is to compute an expansion of the area swept under the occupation process of this queue in a busy period. We obtain closed formulas for the power series expansion in \eps of the mean bit rate, which allow us to verify the validity of the so-called reduced service rate at the first order. The second order term yields more insight into the negative impact of the variability of streaming flows.
An Economic Assessment of the BSE Crisis in Canada: Impact of Border Closure and BSE Recovery Programs: Technical Annex
Creators: name: Weerahewa, Jeevika
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Weerahewa, Jeevika
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper "An Economic Assessment of the BSE Crisis in Canada: Impact of Border Closure and BSE Recovery Programs" which is available separately.
The atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is critical for dentate granule neuron development and anxiety-like behavior during adult but not neonatal neurogenesis.
Creators: name: Kerloch, Thomas
name: Farrugia, Fanny
name: Bouit, Lou
name: Maître, Marlène
name: Terral, Geoffrey
name: Koehl, Muriel
name: Mortessagne, Pierre
name: Heng, Julian Ik-Tsen
name: Blanchard, Mylène
name: Doat, Hélène
name: Leste-Lasserre, Thierry
name: Goron, Adeline
name: Gonzales, Delphine
name: Perrais, David
name: Guillemot, François
name: Abrous, Djoher Nora
name: Pacary, Emilie
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Model organisms
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Stem Cells

description: Despite the central role of Rho GTPases in neuronal development, their functions in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly explored. Here, by using a retrovirus-based loss-of-function approach in vivo, we show that the atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is crucial for survival, positioning, somatodendritic morphogenesis, and functional maturation of adult-born dentate granule neurons. Interestingly, most of these functions are specific to granule neurons generated during adulthood since the deletion of Rnd2 in neonatally-born granule neurons only affects dendritogenesis. In addition, suppression of Rnd2 in adult-born dentate granule neurons increases anxiety-like behavior whereas its deletion in pups has no such effect, a finding supporting the adult neurogenesis hypothesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, our results are in line with the view that adult neurogenesis is not a simple continuation of earlier processes from development, and establish a causal relationship between Rnd2 expression and anxiety.
Suppression of Theta^+(J^P=3/2^(+,-)) photoproduction from the proton
Creators: name: Nam, Seung-Il
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the photoproduction of Theta^+ from the proton and neutron, gamma N -> Kbar Theta^+. Assuming that spin and parity of Theta^+ are J^P = 3/2^(+,-), it is shown that the production from the proton is strongly suppressed as compared with that from the neutron. This could provide a possible explanation for the null results of the recent CLAS experiment in finding Theta^+ via the reaction gamma p -> Kbar^0 Theta^+.
description: 4 pages, 11 figures
Eine mit den Armen solidarische Kirche?
Creators: name: Hebly, Johannes A.
name: Houtepen, Anton W. J.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 1
Trade Agreements: The Important Role of Transparency
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: investment
subject: liberalization
subject: risk
subject: transparency

description: International trade can be inhibited in two ways; through the use of mechanisms that directly alter the flow of goods and poor transparency in the rules of trade. The former includes tariffs and other border measures, subsidies and non-tariff barriers. The effect on trade flows resulting from issues of transparency is indirect. When the rules of trade are unclear for firms considering investing in trade related activities, the risks associated with those investments increase and investment is inhibited. If there is less investment in trade related activities, trade flows will be reduced. Poor transparency exists in contingent protection measures such as anti-dumping – currently on the agenda of the Rules negotiations at the WTO and – customs and related procedures – on the agenda in the Trade Facilitation negotiations. Increasing transparency can have important trade liberalizing effects. Trade negotiators often focus on achieving a big result from reductions in border measures and subsidies where there may be considerable resistance from protectionist vested interests. If progress can be made in increasing the transparency of trade rules, a less ambitious result may be acceptable for the direct aspects of trade liberalization.
Additional file 1 of Adaptation of central metabolite pools to variations in growth rate and cultivation conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Kanhaiya Kumar
name: Vishwesh Venkatraman
name: Bruheim, Per
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Growth performance of S. cerevisiae in exponential phase of batch when cultivated in different carbon sources. Table S2. Growth parameters of S. cerevisiae in carbon (glucose) limited chemostat (Feed glucose concentration (HG) = 10 g L-1). Table S3. Growth parameters of S. cerevisiae in carbon (glucose) limited chemostat (Feed glucose concentration (LG) = 1 g L-1) Table S4. Growth parameters of S. cerevisiae in nitrogen (ammonium) limited chemostat. Table S5. Growth parameters of S. cerevisiae in phosphorous (phosphate) limited chemostat
Adoption of Environmental Management Systems by Farmers: An Empirical Application to ISO 14001
Creators: name: Grolleau, Gilles
name: Thomas, Alban
name: Grolleau, Gilles
name: Thomas, Alban
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: environmental management system
subject: ISO 14001
subject: management-based approach
subject: probit model

description: This article undertakes an empirical investigation of the determinants of voluntary adoption of the ISO 14001 environmental management system by French farmers. The adoption model incorporates the expected profitability of implementing the standard and investigates the impact of prior knowledge on the probability of adopting. Two information measures are considered: a “reported information” indicator and an “estimated knowledge” score. The probit parameter estimates reveal that, while the expected profitability of implementing the standard is a significant determinant of adoption, real and perceive prior knowledge measures play a significant but potentially counterintuitive role.
Energy Absorption Devices
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: An ironic consequence of modern highways has been the emergence of new types of accidents. Recent investigations (1) have shown that "running off the road" may be the largest, single cause of fatalities on limited access, multilane roads. According to the 1967 Report of the Special AASHO Traffic Safety Committee ("Yellow Book") (2) the rate of accidents in gore areas is approximately four times that of ran-off-the-road accidents at other locations. Gore areas which are not or cannot be modified to provide favorable terrain and unobstructed recovery zones have been recognized as misfits in the environs of the highway. Crash cushions are only an expedient alternative.
Additional file 2 of Adaptation of central metabolite pools to variations in growth rate and cultivation conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Kanhaiya Kumar
name: Vishwesh Venkatraman
name: Bruheim, Per
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. CO2 evolution and O2 consumption curve of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CENPK when cultivated in batch using different carbon sources A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Sucrose D) Galactose . Figure S2. Heat-map showing relative standard deviation of intracellular metabolites for four independent samples. Figure S3. Metabolites variations (symbol, left and right error indicate average, minimum and maximum value of metabolite, respectively) across different cultivation conditions under current study on absolute concentration scale (Left panel), and log2 of lowest (left bar range) and highest (right bar range) concentration, normalized by subtracting log2 of average for each metabolite from their lowest and highest value (Right panel). Figure S4. PCA scores (upper panel) and loadings (lower panel, top 50 metabolites) plots of merged extracellular rates - and endometabolite data from all cultivations except stationary batch phase. Gal1P and Gal6P were removed from analysis since
On the Inner Radius of Nodal Domains
Creators: name: Mangoubi, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50; 35P15; 35P20

description: Let M be a closed Riemannian manifold. We consider the inner radius of a nodal domain for a large eigenvalue λ. We give upper and lower bounds on the inner radius of the type C/λ^k. Our proof is based on a local behavior of eigenfunctions discovered by Donnelly and Fefferman, and a Poincaré type inequality proved by Maz'ya. Sharp lower bounds are known only in dimension two. We give an account of this case too.
description: Reference added, slight change in estimate in theorem 1, remark on the new proof in dim two added, to appear in Canad. Math. Bull
Spatial Price Dynamics in U.S. Regional Broiler Markets
Creators: name: Awokuse, Titus O.
name: Bernard, John C.
name: Awokuse, Titus O.
name: Bernard, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: broiler prices
subject: causality
subject: cointegration
subject: market integration

description: The U.S. broiler industry is highly vertically integrated and increasingly concentrated in the number of firms and production areas. These structural elements could have implications for performance and the functioning of the law of one price (LOP) across regions. This article investigates this using data on four regional markets. Cointegration results indicate that regional prices are spatially linked in the long run, but pairwise cointegration was not found, suggesting that the LOP does not hold. Causality tests confirm the relative importance of price shocks from the South. This finding is reflective of price coordination by firms with production in multiple regions.
Elements of Median Design in Relation to Accident Occurrence
Creators: name: Garner, Gordon R.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this study was to compare the accident histories of different median types and to provide verification of generally recommended median widths and slopes. A major limitation of the analyses was the small number of possible combinations of median width and cross slope available for study.  The analyses reported provided evidence from accident histories to support the general requirement that wider medians are safer medians. It was indicated that medians should be a minimum of 30-40 feet wide for high speed facilities and that flat slopes should be provided; 4:1 slopes are inadequate for medians less than 60 feet wide. There was an indication that 6:1 or flatter slopes should be used. Raised medians provided an unsuitable vehicle recovery area on rural highways and were also undesirable from the standpoint of roadway surface drainage. The irregular interstate medians which result from independent roadway alignment should be used only with adequate clear zones in the median. Twelve-foot shoulders should be provided where guardrail is to be used.
Transient Pulses from Exploding Primordial Black Holes as a Signature of an Extra Dimension
Creators: name: Kavic, Michael
name: Simonetti, John H.
name: Cutchin, Sean E.
name: Ellingson, Steven W.
name: Patterson, Cameron D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An evaporating black hole in the presence of an extra spatial dimension would undergo an explosive phase of evaporation. We show that such an event, involving a primordial black hole, can produce a detectable, distinguishable electromagnetic pulse, signaling the existence of an extra dimension of size $L\sim10^{-18}-10^{-20}$ m. We derive a generic relationship between the Lorentz factor of a pulse-producing "fireball" and the TeV energy scale. For an ordinary toroidally compactified extra dimension, transient radio-pulse searches probe the electroweak energy scale ($\sim$0.1 TeV), enabling comparison with the Large Hadron Collider.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; references added; typos corrected; clarifying remarks added near the end of section 1
Collective Reputation, Entry and Minimum Quality Standard
Creators: name: Rouviere, Elodie
name: Soubeyran, Raphael
name: Rouviere, Elodie
name: Soubeyran, Raphael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Collective Reputation
subject: Entry
subject: Minimum Quality Standard

description: This article deals with the issue of entry into an industry where firms share a collective reputation. First, we show that free entry is not socially optimal; there is a need for regulation through the imposition of a minimum quality standard. Second, we argue that a minimum quality standard can induce firms to enter the market. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a minimum quality standard should not always be considered as a barrier to entry.