cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dysoxylum alliaceum Blume
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum alliaceum

description: * Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Blume ex A.Juss. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 225. 1832 (‘ Dysoxylon ’)
≡ Guarea alliacea Blume in Flora 7: 290. 1824 ≡ Prasoxylon alliaceum (Blume) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 101: 1846.
= * Dysoxylum laxiflorum Blume ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 683. 1831.
= * Trichilia similis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 252. 1827 ≡ * Dysoxylum simile (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 683. 1831.
= * Dysoxylum acuminatissimum Blume ex M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 101. 1846 (‘ Dysoxylon ’).
= * Dysoxylum longifolium Blume ex M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 101. 1846 (‘ Dysoxylon ’).
Notes. – Jussieu’ s (1832) Mémoire, perhaps in manuscript or conceivably a “preprint” of that article, is recorded as being received by the Académie, according to a report published by Georges Cuvier (1831) and printed some time after 31 October 1831. There are copies of a separate with its own pagination (152 pp.) at K, M and NY with a concluding “Note Additionelle” (pp. 151–152; pp. 303–304), citing literature published at least as late as December 1830, but none has any indication of publication earlier than that in the journal (see Mabberley, 1982).
The heterotypic synonyms (see Mabberley, 1995b) include other of Blume’ s (1825) names, first validated as above.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1257, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 regulates chromatin state in lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Up to 90% of lung cancer cases can be attributed to tobacco use. Smoking increases the chances of mutations in each lung cell’s genetic code, which can then change how the cell grows and divides. Mutations in a section of the cell’s genetic code that provide instructions for making a protein called LKB1 are particularly common in lung cancer, since these mutations usually cause the cell to grow faster. My research is focused on understanding how LKB1 normally regulates this growth, and also why an ineffective LKB1 protein might give cancer cells a growth advantage.

 All cells in the body have to compact their large amounts of genetic code into an extremely small space, while simultaneously keeping some of this code accessible to use. I have previously observed that cells that cannot make LKB1 protein compact their genetic code much differently than cells that make LKB1 protein normally. For this proposal, I am trying to identify which proteins might be interacting with LKB1 to cause this to happen. In particular, I am investigating proteins that have previously been known to interact with LKB1 to see how each of them might contribute. I have also previously identified another protein, SOX17, which is made at much higher levels in lung cancer cells that do not make LKB1 and that have migrated away from the original primary tumor site to other places in the body. As part of this fellowship, I will be investigating if SOX17 might be important for regulating how the cell compacts its genetic code, and if this changes the cell’s ability to migrate to distant sites. These studies are important because they might reveal vulnerabilities that are specific to cancer cells that have lost the ability to make LKB1 protein. This could unveil opportunities for doctors to treat the cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.
Effect of minimum floor price laws on tobacco consumption
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Tobacco minimum floor price laws (MFPLs) are a common type of policy designed to increase tobacco prices. MFPLs set a price below which tobacco products cannot be sold. A growing number of local governments around the country—led by several local governments in Northern California—have recently proposed or implemented MFPLs in an effort to reduce tobacco use. There is a lack of studies indicating whether and how MFPLs affect tobacco prices, tobacco consumption, and/or differences (disparities) in tobacco consumption by subgroup. The central hypothesis is that MFPLs lead to higher tobacco prices, reduced tobacco consumption, and reduced disparities in tobacco use. This hypothesis will be tested using product-level data from tobacco retailers and a statistical approach that compares changes in tobacco prices and consumption over time in areas that have an MPFL versus areas that do not. In the first aim, we assess the effect of local MFPLs on the price of tobacco products. In the second aim, we assess the effect of local MFPLs on tobacco product purchases. In the third aim, we assess the effect of local MPFLs on disparities in tobacco use, based on differences in the effects of MFPLs by neighborhood characteristics (including income and race/ethnicity). The proposed study will provide critical preliminary evidence on MFPLs as an innovative, understudied local policy approach for reducing tobacco use and tobacco-related disparities. The results will lead to further research to conduct an larger evaluation of local MFPLs.
title: Heroic virtue (Catholicism)
Creators: name: Niedermeier, Nina
Publisher: name: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 900
subject: 700
subject: 200

description: Heroic virtue (also referred to as heroic virtus or virtus heroica) denotes an eminence of virtue in either quality or quantity which exceeds normal standards. Having it is understood as either sharing in the divine in the sense of a divine gift of grace or as being similar with God or higher beings through the perfection of the virtues. Classing exceptional virtue into the sphere of the divine sacralises those who have such virtue and secures for them the status of venerable individuals. On the one hand, in its reception throughout history in general, the originally Aristotelian concept gained wide significance not only because heroic virtue was seen as the basis for the godlike status of the classical hero, it also became a distinguishing political-social attribute in the discourses on the ideal ruler. On the other hand, ‘heroic virtue’ was given an extremely precise interpretation in the theological context. In Catholicism from the 17th century onward, heroic virtue achieved an ethical-practical relevance in canonisation procedure. For the step of beatification it became necessary to provide proof of the heroic degree of all the virtues and deeds from the life of the candidate. In delimitation from the classical heroes, the traditional canon of virtues was re‑interpreted in a Christian sense with a particular emphasis on caritas, the love of God and neighbour, in order to demonstrate the ethical superiority of Catholic saints. Forced concepts of sainthood in the post-Tridentine era, such as mystic martyrdom of love or martyrdom attained in charitable service to one’s neighbour, illustrate the specifically Catholic interpretation of the theological term.
Multiplexed genetic analysis of KRAS hypermutations in Lung Cancer of smokers in mice model
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Smoking is considered the leading risk of lung cancer, one of the deadliest diseases in the United States. Due to the late diagnosis of lung cancer, it has been difficult to understand the progression of lung cancer in the context of smoking. Studying lung cancer mouse models which harbor cancer mutations have offered invaluable insights into how lung cancer arises and metastasizes. Prior to the invention of the state-of-the-art CRISPR based genome editing method emergence, it has been very expensive and time consuming to reconstruct the variety mutations observed in human lung cancers. Our lab has developed a new CRISPR based genome editing tool that is capable of introducing multiple mutations in the mouse model in a single experiment. In this proposal, we aim to investigate the outcomes of most of the concurrent mutations specific to smoking related lung cancers by harnessing the unparalleled power of our new technology.
Mennerotodus Zhelezko 1994
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Lamniformes
Mennerotodus

description: Genus Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994
Type species
Mennerotodus glueckmani Zhelezko, 1994, middle Eocene (Bartonian), Kazakhstan.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
title: THE RURAL-URBAN DIVIDE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
title: A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Weston, Michelle Olson
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: environmental concern
subject: rural urban divide
subject: International
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study examines two streams of scholarship on environmental concern – differences between urban and rural populations and cross-national comparative work – to determine how concern about the biophysical environment compares across rural and urban places in 35 countries. Previous scholarship on the subject notes that variance in environmental concern is correlated with demographic factors such as age, gender, education and rural or urban residence. However, the study of the latter – the effect of residency on environmental concern – has been largely limited to studies focusing on these dynamics within one country. The focal point of this research is the comparison of rural and urban populations’ concern for the environment in an international context. I use data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) to compare perspectives on environmental concerns across the rural-urban continuum in thirty-five countries. Seven countries show statistically significant differences in concern for the environment between urban and rural populations. This study confirms that – with respect to environmental concern – the rural-urban divide is pervasive across continents. Further, this research sets the groundwork for future scholarship to explore the contexts that lead to differences in environmental concern across the rural-urban divide and countries.
Odontaspis Agassiz 1843
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Lamniformes
Odontaspididae
Odontaspis

description: Genus Odontaspis Agassiz, 1843
Type species
Squalus ferox Risso, 1810, early Pliocene, Italy.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Webinar: Forschungsdaten-Richtlinien in wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften
Creators: name: Seyffertitz, Thomas
Publisher: name: Graz University of Technology
Year: 2024

description: Diese Videoaufzeichnung und die dazugehörige Präsentation dieses Webinars ist Teil der Veranstaltungsreihe "Forschungsdatenmanagement in Österreich",  die am 17. Oktober 2024 stattfand.

Inhalt: 

Wissenschaftliche Zeitschriftenverlage haben in den vergangenen Jahren begonnen, Richtlinien für den Umgang mit den einer Publikation zugrundeliegenden Forschungsdaten zu verfassen. Derartige Datenrichtlinien und Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Forschungsdaten haben für Forschende zunehmend an Relevanz gewonnen, da sie im Rahmen des Forschungs- bzw. Publikationsprozesses berücksichtigt werden müssen. Um Forschende im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der in den Datenrichtlinien formulierten Anforderungen beraten zu können, haben wir mehr als 80 internationale wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften ausgewertet. Diese Zeitschriften stellen die Top-Publikationsorgane der an der WU vertretenen sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschungsschwerpunkte dar und werden zu Prämierungszwecken herangezogen. Die aus der Analyse gewonnen Erkenntnisse können dazu genutzt werden, Forschende im Rahmen unserer FDM-Beratungen bei Publikationsvorhaben zu unterstützen.
Dysoxylum excelsum G. Don, Gen. Hist.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum excelsum

description: * Dysoxylum excelsum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 1:
683. 1831 ≡ Trichilia excelsa Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 252. 1827 ≡ Prasoxylon excelsum (Spreng.) Mabb., comb. nov.
Note. – Sprengel’ s description and locality (Java, Indonesia) follow Blume’ s account (though Sprengel mistakenly also includes as a synonym Melia excelsa “DC. ” [Prodr. 1: 622. 1824, i.e., Jack in Malayan Misc. 1: 12. 1820; ≡ Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) M.Jacobs], for which Candolle has a very different description and locality – Penang, Malaysia). See Mabberley (1995b, under Dysoxylum) for discussion of the close relationship of P. excelsum with P. alliaceum.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1258, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Impact of Smoking on the Immune System at Single Cell Resolution
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoke (CS) causes or exacerbates many diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema and bronchitis), heart attacks, strokes, Crohn’s disease (inflammation of the small intestine), and several cancers including cancers of lung, mouth, larynx, esophagus and bladder. Surprisingly however, although smoking is definitely bad for health, there is increasing evidence that it can delay the incidence or decrease the severity of some diseases as well, including ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the large intestine), sarcoidosis and even Parkinson’s disease. All of these diseases are associated with imbalance in the immune system; and we hypothesize that the opposing, organ-specific effects of CS on disease are mediated by “organotypic” effects on the immune system.

 Smoking has strong effects on the immune system throughout the body, but whether these are pro- or anti-inflammatory seems to differ for different organs. However, we have little knowledge of the effects of CS on the cells of lymphoid organs, the organs that control and drive the immune responses.

 Under this pilot we will use a powerful technology (single cell RNA sequencing) to develop an atlas of the effects of CS on immune programming in mice. We will focus on lymph nodes (LN), the central hubs where antigen (e.g. infectious agents) and antigen-presenting cells from tissues like the skin, gut or lung, come together with diverse immune cell types, blood vessel cells, and support cells to program immune responses. In this role, LN are responsible for protective immunity, but also for generation of ‘autoimmunity;’ and inflammatory diseases. By studying thousands of individual cells in lymph nodes from smoking vs control mice, we will gain new insights into how CS reprograms immune responses, and into the mechanisms involved. We will compare CS-induced changes in LN draining the lung, gut associated lymph nodes and skin to learn about the ‘organotypic’ effects of CS. Finally, we will profile cells from LN from heavy human smokers as well.

 The results will provide the basis for expanded research support, leading to a comprehensive understanding of key cells and control points and underlying mechanisms that drive immune changes and regulate disease in smokers.
Dysoxylum macrocarpum G. Don, Gen.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum macrocarpum

description: * Dysoxylum macrocarpum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don, Gen.
Hist. 1: 683. 1831
≡ Trichilia macrocarpa Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 252. 1827.
Note. – Sprengel’ s description combines that of Blume’ s “ Dysoxylum macrocarpum ” with that of the flowers of his “ Dysoxylum laxiflorum ”, which name Sprengel includes as a synonym, but is excluded by Mabberley (1995b), the typification of Dysoxylum macrocarpum hitherto prevailing being upheld here.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1258, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Racial and Gender Discrimination, Tobacco Use, and Time Perspective among Adolescents
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Every day, more than 3,200 adolescents smoke their first cigarette and about 4.7 million high school students use at least one tobacco product including conventional or e-cigarettes and hookahs. Dramatic increases in e-cigarette use among adolescents have been documented in both California and across the country. Tobacco use frequently co-occurs with marijuana, alcohol, and other substances. Plus, the majority of adult tobacco users began using as an adolescent. In addition, some racial/ethnic groups and genders are more likely to get tobacco-related diseases, including African American, Latinx, and female. Adolescents who perceive racial/ethnic or gender discrimination are also more likely to use tobacco. Perceived discrimination may come from peers, teachers, other significant adults, or vicariously via friends, but the different relationships with tobacco use is unclear. Most importantly, it is vital that new ways of reducing the relationship between tobacco use and perceived discrimination are identified and targeted in interventions. Time perspective has great potential to be such a mechanism. Time perspective is defined as thoughts and feelings about the past, present, and future. When adolescents perceive discrimination, they may feel that they have less of a future and therefore be more likely to focus on the present or past instead; in turn, this time perspective will make them more likely to use tobacco. However, research has not yet examined these topics. Moreover, time perspective can be changed through interventions. Time perspective may have the potential to combat the effects of perceived discrimination on adolescent tobacco use and co-use. The proposed study will be the first project to study the relationships among tobacco use and co-use, perceived discrimination about race/ethnicity and gender from multiple sources, and time perspective. The proposed study will occur in two diverse high schools in California. Adolescents will complete surveys and interviews will be conducted with adolescents, parents, and teachers. Community engagement will include participation by adolescents, parents, and teachers throughout the research process, including with the survey, results, and curriculum. Findings will be presented to the general public and the high school community including parents, teachers, and students.
Trends and Dynamics of Money Demand Research in Morocco: A Bibliometric Analysis
Creators: name: Olaya Metwalli
name: Ayoub Massiki
name: Brahim Dinar
name: Zakaria Benjouid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: In a context where money demand plays a crucial role in economic stability, this article proposes an in-depth exploration of its importance through a bibliometric analysis. The study focuses specifically on money demand research in Morocco, using the Scopus database to collect relevant and representative data. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer are used to map and visualise relationships between publications, collaborations between authors and citations. This approach helps to identify emerging trends, key concepts and gaps in existing research. The main objective is to highlight significant advances and major contributions in the field of money demand. The results reveal a significant growth in research on money demand in Morocco, underlining its essential role in the development of appropriate economic policies. The bibliometric analysis also highlights the importance of a rigorous methodological approach to effectively navigate this field of study, in order to support strategic and informed economic decisions. Ultimately, this article calls for an intensification of research efforts in this area, thereby promoting a better understanding of economic and monetary dynamics in Morocco.
USING THE KEPLER SPACE TELESCOPE TO SEARCH FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Creators: name: Castillo, Brandon
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Active Galactic Nuclei
Black Holes
Physics

description: We use the Kepler Space Telescope to search for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). We lookthrough 105 nearby galaxies and, using a customized pipeline, find two objects which demon- strate aperiodic variability typical of AGNs. One object, KIC 8093535, is a well-known X-ray source, giving us confidence that this is in fact an AGN. Using a damped random walk, we model our two objects and find that the stochastic variability is AGN-like. We also use the damping timescale to model the AGN central black-hole masses of our objects and find that both nuclei are in the upper Intermediate Mass Black Hole /lower Super Massive Black Hole regime.
Tethylamna dunni Cappetta & Case 2016
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Lamniformes
Odontaspididae
Tethylamna

description: Genus Tethylamna Cappetta & Case, 2016
Type species
Tethylamna dunni Cappetta & Case, 2016, contact of the Lisbon and Tallahatta formations, site ACov-11, Covington County, Alabama, USA.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 53, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Dysoxylum mollissimum G. Don, Gen.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum mollissimum

description: * Dysoxylum mollissimum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don, Gen.Hist. 1: 683. 1831
≡ Trichilia mollissima Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 252. 1827 ≡ Didymocheton mollissimus (Spreng.) Mabb., comb. nov.
Note. – Sprengel’ s description is derived from Blume’ s (see above). The sole species of Blume’ s “sect. Macrocheton ”, i.e., genus Macrochiton M.Roem., has long been referred to the Didymocheton group but the combination has not been made before.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1258, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Role of Macrophage Polarization in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease characterized by progressive interstitial fibrosis in the lungs. The disease usually affects patients in their 60s and 70s years of life and has a poor median survival rate of 3 to 5 years, which is worse than many cancers. It has been demonstrated that tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor associated with IPF. However, the mechanisms of how tobacco smoke initiates or promotes fibrosis is still unclear. Macrophages, which are immune cells which respond to environmental stimuli by secreting a range of biochemical signaling compounds, have been implicated to play a significant role in driving fibrosis in IPF through secretion of pro-fibrotic signaling bio-compounds. These cells have been shown to be increased in IPF lung tissue and have a significant and underappreciated role in mediating fibrosis. Given these roles, macrophages are an attractive target to inhibit in progressive fibrosis. Multiple studies have shown that cigarette smoke is able to induce macrophages to assume pro-fibrotic characteristics (M2). However, the mechanisms of how tobacco-smoke regulates macrophage characteristics in pulmonary fibrosis has not been completely elucidated. Our preliminary results have shown that a protein called activated myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (phospho-MARCKS), is elevated in smoke-exposed macrophages and then modulates how other molecules, such as AXL and STAT function. Given these observations, I hypothesize that smoke-triggered activation of phospho-MARCKS promotes M2 macrophage characteristics through AXL/STAT signaling. This application aims to define new mechanisms underlying smoke-associated fibrotic disease and discovery of new potential biomarkers and therapeutics.
Transgenerational Effects of E-cigarette Vapor on Aortic Aneurysm Risk
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoking dramatically increases an individual’s risk for developing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA: an abnormal enlargement of the aorta, the body's main artery). In the U.S. AAAs account for approximately 10,000 deaths and 84,000 inpatient hospitalizations per year. Over 90% of individuals diagnosed with AAA are either current or prior tobacco users, and studies have associated continued cigarette smoking with accelerated aneurysm expansion. Much of this risk may be attributable to nicotine, a key chemical constituent. Recent years have seen massive increases in the popularity of vaping using nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (e-cigs). The dangers of e-cigs are still being identified, but studies have suggested they too are likely hazardous to the heart and blood vessels. We have previously shown that nicotine alone can worsen AAA in animal models, and our new preliminary studies show that nicotine vaping does so as well.

 In addition to these concerns, nicotine seems to increase the risk of disease in the children of its users. Control of a person’s genes goes beyond their DNA sequence, and is dependent on special mechanisms. These include chemical modifications to regions of DNA, so-called “epigenetic” marks. Environmental toxins like smoke and nicotine can alter these marks, causing inheritable damage and potentially increasing disease risk in the next generation and even beyond. Research suggests that parental exposure to nicotine may change their children’s and even grandchildren’s susceptibility to asthma, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Our recent preliminary studies using implantable pumps show that the offspring of mice exposed to nicotine, whether in the womb or even prior to conception, experience increased risk of AAA and death from vessel rupture, along with stiffer vessels. Given the dire implications for the health of future generations, we now intend to use our mouse models to study the effects of e-cig vaped nicotine on their offspring’s AAA risk, and to identify what mechanisms are involved.
Biomarker discovery for prospective studies on new and emerging tobacco products
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The growing epidemic of teen vaping and the outbreak of vaping-related severe lung injuries and deaths in the US underline the urgent need for determining the biological consequences of electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, otherwise known as ‘vaping’. The goal of this proposal is to identify biologically important molecular changes in non-invasively obtainable tissues from e-cig users and smokers. The identified molecular changes can serve as novel biomarkers to inform the health consequences of vaping vs. smoking. These biomarkers will also have significant utility for prospective studies assessing the health risks or potential benefits of e-cigs and other new and emerging tobacco products. This proposal is highly impactful because it will generate scientific evidence on which future regulations for e-cigs can be based. Therefore, the findings of this project are expected to be of immediate use for the scientific community and regulatory authorities, and of great relevance to the public’s health.
GLOBULIN AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PEA (Pisum sativum) CULTIVARS FROM THE INLAND NORTHWEST UNITED STATES AND THE IMPACT OF ISOELECTRIC PROTEIN EXTRACTION
Creators: name: Choi, Halle
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: globulins
legumins
peas
proteins
vicilins
Amino Acids

description: Globulin proteins, specifically vicilin and legumin, have been used to predict functionality of pea flour and pea protein isolates (PPI). Emulsion and foaming properties as well as water holding capacity, water solubility and absorption, and gelling behavior have all been shown to have correlations with quantities of vicilin and legumin present in various pulses. Amino acids contribute both to the functionality and the nutritional content of pea ingredients. In this study, agronomic traits such as pea color, shape, and bulk density were assessed for correlations with globulin and amino acid content. Globulin content had no significant correlations with agronomic traits. Essential amino acid content was significantly higher in green pea seeds than yellow. Fifteen cultivars of pea were assessed for globulin and amino acid content before and after isoelectric protein extraction (pH 8.5 and 4.3). Globulin and amino acids were significantly different by cultivar and between pea flour and PPI. Variation of globulin content within a cultivar increased after protein extraction. Cultivars that were grouped together in essential amino acid content in the flour were also similar in amino acid content in the PPI. Proximate protein content in the flour was negatively correlated with the protein extraction efficiency indicating higher ratios of water to sample or a higher extraction pH should be used to extract more protein. Vicilin content was lost during protein extraction. A new method with a precipitation pH closer to the isoelectric point of vicilin could be tested to try to maintain vicilin levels from the pea flour in the PPI.
Consequences of adolescent exposure to nicotine and THC by vapor inhalation in rats
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: High school, and even middle school, students are increasingly using e-cigarette (vape, JUUL, etc) devices to ingest nicotine. This comes at a time when cigarette smoking is at the lowest levels in decades in adolescents. Thus there is concern that there may be increased nicotine dependence in the future with these children, some of whom will go on to sustained nicotine use. One particular concern with e-cigarettes is that they come in a wide variety of flavors that may enhance the addictiveness of the nicotine. Another concern is that these devices are also easily used by adolescents to ingest cannabis extracts alone or in combination with nicotine. The proposed studies will develop methods to study the harms associated with e-cigarettes in laboratory rats. The experiments will expose rats to nicotine, with and without menthol, green apple flavorant and THC (the active drug in cannabis) throughout adolescence and then determine if they have changes in their propensity to develop compulsive self-administration of nicotine as young adults. These initial studies will provide key information about whether adolescent e-cigarette use leaves individuals at greater risk for nicotine addiction. These Pilot award studies will also provide a method for further investigation into the health risks associated with many different e-cigarette products including the devices, the "e-juice", flavorants and the specific drugs that are being inhaled.
Macrorhizodus Glikman 1964
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Lamniformes
Lamiostomatidae
Macrorhizodus

description: Genus Macrorhizodus Glikman, 1964
Type species
Oxyrhina falcata Rogovich, 1860, Priabonian, Ukraine.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Epicharis cauliflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Epicharis
Epicharis cauliflora

description: Epicharis cauliflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 166. 1825.
= Melia parasitica Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa: 278. 1757 ≡ Epicharis parasitica (Osbeck) Mabb., comb. nov.
= Epicharis sericea Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 166. 1825.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1258, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Lung Immunity and Repair
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Recreational electronic-cigarette (EC) usage or vaping has gathered momentum among adolescents and young adults, particularly in vulnerable low-income and minority communities. Compared to conventional cigarettes (CC) that burn tobacco, ECs deliver battery- powered vaporized nicotine, cannabidiol and other addictive substances dissolved in solvents such as propylene glycol and vegetable glycerine. Despite little information on the impact of ECs on health, an estimated 10 million adults and 3 million minors in the US are active EC consumers. Recent reports of acute lung injury, inflammation and deaths associated with ECs necessitate the study of short-term and long-term consequences on health. In light of this urgent public health concern and recent links between immune cell dysfunction after EC use, I propose to investigate the impact of ECs on lung immunity. Central to my study is the hypothesis that ECs impair immunity against viruses that cause respiratory infections and render the lung more susceptible to damage after infection. Identification of these mechanisms will provide fundamental knowledge to combat EC-induced susceptibility to viral illnesses.
Epicharis densiflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Epicharis
Epicharis densiflora

description: Epicharis densiflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 167. 1825 ≡
Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 9. 1868.
= Epicharis altissima Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 167. 1825.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1258, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Acute Impact of Switching from Tobacco Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes in People Living with HIV
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: As evidence of the remarkable success of treatments of HIV (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States are more likely to die from heart disease than HIV-related opportunistic infections or cancers; in fact, their risk for heart disease is 1.5 to 2 fold greater than that of uninfected adults. This disproportionate risk for heart disease is attributable to many factors, including the chronic infection with the HIV-1 virus, activation of the immune system, and ART-associated side effects, such as high cholesterol. Additionally, PLWH have a the high prevalence of tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking - several fold higher than uninfected adults. Although TC smoking is the most important modifiable heart risk factor in PLWH, smoking cessation rates are very low. Nonetheless, PLWH who are former smokers have half the mortality risk of current TC smokers, consistent with the notion that TC smoking cessation confers a mortality advantage. Low levels of smoking cessation in PLWH are largely explained by the very high level of individual addiction to - and dependence on - nicotine, which may be used for self-medication to relieve high levels of stress and anxiety. Although quitting is the mainstay of reducing TC-related heart disease in PLWH, switching from TCs to electronic cigarettes (ECs) may be more practical and beneficial as a harm-reduction strategy. Before embarking on a large clinical trial, it is first reasonable to ask if there any evidence that ECs are less harmful than TCs on heart health? In our prior studies in otherwise healthy uninfected adults, EC use has smaller adverse effects compared to TCs on several risk markers for heart disease, including blood vessel function and inflammation, changes on the ECG, and increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Whether this is true in PLWH is unknown and will be tested in the proposed studies. We will enroll PLWH who smoke in studies comparing the acute effects of smoking a TC to the acute effects of using an EC on several important markers of increased heart risk. If acute EC use compared with acute TC smoking is found to have a lesser impact on relevant instigators of heart disease, these findings could form the basis for a larger, long-term “switch study,” potentially resulting in markedly improved morbidity and mortality in PLWH, a group disproportionately effected by TC-related disparities.
Understanding of the mechanisms of airway repair after e-cigarette exposure.
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: There is growing evidence that e-cigarettes are toxic and may cause damage to the lungs. We have studies showing that e-cigarettes injure the airway and may cause abnormal repair. When people use e-cigs, the fluid that contains nicotine, flavors and other components is vaporized and inhaled into the lung. Moreover, when people over use their e-cigs, other chemicals can come out of the heating element that are known to be harmful. While e-cig companies claim that the ingredients they use to make their e-cig fluids are safe for human consumption, this only means that they are safe to take into the body through the stomach. However, little is known about their effect when they are taken into the lung. We want to find out how this process can harm the cells in the lungs and affect the repair mechanism that is important to keep the lungs healthy and working properly. We aim to understand this process so we can develop new therapies to stop lung damage caused after e-cigarettes exposure. Our ultimate goal is to make people aware of the dangers of e-cigs so they can make an informed decision to stop using them.
Understanding the Role of FOXP3 in Regulating Expression of PD-L1 and Anti-tumor Immunity
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Bladder cancer is the 5th most common cancer in the United States, with over 75,000 people diagnosed with and over 16,000 deaths attributed to bladder cancer in 2019. The treatment of bladder cancer with its complex surgeries and treatment algorithms places a significant clinical and financial burden on society. Tobacco exposure is the major risk factor associated with its development. When progressed to metastatic disease, bladder cancer carries a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival of less than 15%. Treatments for advanced bladder cancer include chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has made a major positive impact in the treatment of bladder cancer, which augments an individual’s own immune system to fight against cancer. Despite these treatments, cancer recurrence and progression occur in the majority of patients. An unmet need arises in identifying strategies to overcome this high incidence of treatment resistance. This proposal will address this gap in knowledge.

 Current immunotherapy strategies are based on targeting a protein called PD-L1, which can be found on both immune cells and cancer cells. Despite its importance and use as a predictive biomarker, the regulation of PD-L1 on tumor cells is unclear. We have previously described a protein called FOXP3Δ3, with a deletion in a specific region that may be important in repressing its function, that is enriched in advanced bladder cancers and activates DNA to turn on new genes. We have discovered that one of these genes encodes for PD-L1, implicating FOXP3Δ3 as a promoter of immune resistance. To extend our preliminary results, this proposal aims to define this novel mechanism of FOXP3Δ3 in regulating PD-L1 in tumor cells. Our hypothesis is that only the protein FOXP3Δ3, not the full-length protein FOXP3, regulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Knowledge gained from completion of our aims will help understand how PD-L1 levels are defined on tumor cells and will provide a basis to develop drugs to target FOXP3Δ3 and decrease the morbidity and mortality of bladder cancer in the future.
Global Profiling of Cell Surface Markers for Lung Cancers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer, especially smoking-associated lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The carcinogens in cigarette smoke cause changes to a cell's genetic material (its DNA). DNA is the instruction manual for all life. One important result of these genetic changes includes the appearance of different amino acid components that make up proteins within the tumor cell. These amino acid differences are often observed in proteins that function on the cell surface. Cell surface proteins contribute to the communication between cells, including immune cells. My research will develop new methods to identify and quantify these amino acid differences in the cell surface proteins, which will help improve our capacity to diagnose and treat lung cancers. In particular, I am interested in the study of one specific amino acid, cysteine. Cysteine is interesting to study because smoking-induced genetic changes cause the appearance of new cysteines in the cell's proteins. These new cysteines are found only in proteins on the surface of tumor cells. My research will develop new drug-like molecules that specifically attach to these new cysteines within the proteins that are on the surface of cells. These drug-like molecules will not attach to proteins on the surface of healthy cells. In this study, I will first design a new method to identify new cysteines within the proteins on tumor cell surfaces. Secondly, I will synthesize drug-like molecules to label these tumor specific proteins composed with new cysteine amino acids. Thirdly, I will design an assay with these drug-like molecules to help trigger the immune system to target lung cancer cells. More broadly, my work will improve our understanding of how tumor-specific cysteines found in proteins at the cell surface can cause lung cancer. This research will guide the design of new drugs to treat lung cancer.