cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Instability of Supersonic Cold Streams Feeding Galaxies I: Linear Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability with Body Modes
Creators: name: Mandelker, Nir
name: Padnos, Dan
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Birnboim, Yuval
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Steinberg, Elad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive galaxies at high redshift are predicted to be fed from the cosmic web by narrow, dense, cold streams. These streams penetrate supersonically through the hot medium encompassed by a stable shock near the virial radius of the dark-matter halo. Our long-term goal is to explore the heating and dissipation rate of the streams and their fragmentation and possible breakup, in order to understand how galaxies are fed, and how this affects their star-formation rate and morphology. We present here the first step, where we analyze the linear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) of a cold, dense slab or cylinder flowing through a hot, dilute medium in the transonic regime. The current analysis is limited to the adiabatic case with no gravity and assuming equal pressure in the stream and the medium. By analytically solving the linear dispersion relation, we find a transition from a dominance of the familiar rapidly growing surface modes in the subsonic regime to more slowly growing body modes in the supersonic regime. The system is parameterized by three parameters: the density contrast between the stream and the medium, the Mach number of stream velocity with respect to the medium, and the stream width with respect to the halo virial radius. We find that a realistic choice for these parameters places the streams near the mode transition, with the KHI exponential-growth time in the range 0.01-10 virial crossing times for a perturbation wavelength comparable to the stream width. We confirm our analytic predictions with idealized hydrodynamical simulations. Our linear-KHI estimates thus indicate that KHI may in principle be effective in the evolution of streams by the time they reach the galaxy. More definite conclusions await the extension of the analysis to the nonlinear regime and the inclusion of cooling, thermal conduction, the halo potential well, self-gravity and magnetic fields.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. Minor changes from previous version
Variable Scintillation Arcs of Millisecond Pulsars observed with the Large European Array for Pulsars
Creators: name: Main, R. A.
name: Antoniadis, J.
name: Chen, S.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Hu, H.
name: Jang, J.
name: Karuppusamy, R.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Liu, K.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Mall, G.
name: McKee, J. W.
name: Mickaliger, M. B.
name: Perrodin, D.
name: Sanidas, S. A.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Sprenger, T.
name: Wucknitz, O.
name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Burgay, M.
name: Concu, R.
name: Gaikwad, M.
name: Janssen, G. H.
name: Lee, K. J.
name: Melis, A.
name: Pilia, M.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Wang, L.
name: Zhu, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first large sample of scintillation arcs in millisecond pulsars, analysing 12 sources observed with the Large European Array for Pulsars (LEAP), and the Effelsberg 100\,m telescope. We estimate the delays from multipath propagation, measuring significant correlated changes in scattering timescales over a 10-year timespan. Many sources show compact concentrations of power in the secondary spectrum, which in PSRs J0613$-$0200 and J1600$-$3053 can be tracked between observations, and are consistent with compact scattering at fixed angular positions. Other sources such as PSRs J1643$-$1224 and J0621+1002 show diffuse, asymmetric arcs which are likely related to phase-gradients across the scattering screen. PSR B1937+21 shows at least three distinct screens which dominate at different times and evidence of varying screen axes or multi-screen interactions. We model annual and orbital arc curvature variations in PSR J0613$-$0200, providing a measurement of the longitude of ascending node, resolving the sense of the orbital inclination, where our best fit model is of a screen with variable axis of anisotropy over time, corresponding to changes in the scattering of the source. Unmodeled variations of the screen's axis of anisotropy are likely to be a limiting factor in determining orbital parameters with scintillation, requiring careful consideration of variable screen properties, or independent VLBI measurements. Long-term scintillation studies such as this serve as a complementary tool to pulsar timing, to measure a source of correlated noise for pulsar timing arrays, solve pulsar orbits, and to understand the astrophysical origin of scattering screens.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, first revision. 18 pages, 16 figures
Einheitlicher Bewertungsrahmen zur Wirtschaftlichkeit von Subskriptions-, Transformations- und OA-Verträgen
Creators: name: Schönfelder, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open access
transformative agreement
cost-effectiveness

description: Seit April 2022 unterstützt die Landesinitiative openaccess.nrw die Hochschulen des Landes bei der Open-Access-Transformation. Im Programmbereich 3 (Monitoring), der von der UB Bielefeld verantwortet wird, können die Hochschulen u.a. in Fragen der Teilnahme an und Bewertung von Transformationsverträgen beraten werden. Neben der Bereitstellung von bibliometrischen Daten wird hierzu auch die Kostendimension betrachtet. Die für Subskriptionszeitschriften gängige Kennzahl „Kosten je Nutzung“ (Nutzung im Sinne von Download oder Ausleihe) lässt sich jedoch nicht unmittelbar auf die OA-Komponente eines Transformationsvertrags übertragen. An etablierten Kennzahlen zur Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung im Open-Access-Bereich mangelt es. Dieser Beitrag untersucht anhand eines einfachen Modells, inwiefern sich die Kennzahl „Kosten je Nutzung“ aus dem Subskriptionsbereich auf Transformationsverträge und reine OA-Verträge übertragen lässt, und inwieweit eine alternative Kennzahl wie „Kosten je Publikation“ in Betracht kommt. Resultierend aus dieser Modellrechnung wird ein Konzept für einen einheitlichen Bewertungsrahmen zur Wirtschaftlichkeit von Subskriptions-, Transformations- und OA-Verträgen entwickelt. Das Konzept orientiert sich dabei am Bedarf der Hochschulangehörigen, d.h. dem Bedarf an Literaturnutzung (Rezeption von Forschungsergebnissen) und an Literaturproduktion (Publikation von Forschungsergebnissen). Die Modellanalyse zeigt auf, wie Bibliotheken in der Summe ihrer Einzelentscheidungen durch die Anwendung von Kennzahlen den Publikationsmarkt de facto mitgestalten. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken sollten sich ihrer Einflussmöglichkeiten bewusst werden und die Implikationen ihres kurzfristigen Handels bedenken. Ziel sollte es sein das Informationsbudget zielgerichtet einzusetzen, um langfristig auf einen Publikationsmarkt hinzuwirken, der der Wissenschaft dienlich ist - statt sich ihrer zu bedienen.
Atomic-Scale Tailoring of Chemisorbed Atomic Oxygen on Epitaxial Graphene for Graphene-Based Electronic Devices
Creators: name: Kim, Tae Soo
name: Ahn, Taemin
name: Kim, Tae-Hwan
name: Choi, Hee Cheul
name: Yeom, Han Woong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene, with its unique band structure, mechanical stability, and high charge mobility, holds great promise for next-generation electronics. Nevertheless, its zero band gap challenges the control of current flow through electrical gating, consequently limiting its practical applications. Recent research indicates that atomic oxygen can oxidize epitaxial graphene in a vacuum without causing unwanted damage. In this study, we have investigated the effects of chemisorbed atomic oxygen on the electronic properties of epitaxial graphene, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Our findings reveal that oxygen atoms effectively modify the electronic states of graphene, resulting in a band gap at its Dirac point. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to selectively induce desorption or hopping of oxygen atoms with atomic precision by applying appropriate bias sweeps with an STM tip. These results suggest the potential for atomic-scale tailoring of graphene oxide, enabling the development of graphene-based atomic-scale electronic devices.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. The following article has been accepted by Applied Physics Letters. After it is published, it will be found at the following DOI
Hydrodynamic simulations of the Disk of Gas Around Supermassive black holes (HDGAS) -I; Molecular Gas Dynamics
Creators: name: Raouf, Mojtaba
name: Viti, Serena
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Richings, Alexander J.
name: schaye, Joop
name: Bemis, Ashley
name: Nobels, Folkert S. J.
name: Guainazzi, Matteo
name: Huang, Ko-Yun
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Impellizzeri, Violette
name: Holdship, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present hydrodynamic simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) within the circumnuclear disk (CND) of a typical AGN-dominated galaxy influenced by mechanical feedback from an active galactic nucleus(AGN). The simulations are coupled with the CHIMES non-equilibrium chemistry network to treat the radiative-cooling and AGN-heating. A focus is placed on the central 100 pc scale where AGN outflows are coupled to the ISM and constrained by observational Seyfert-2 galaxies. AGN-feedback models are implemented with different wind-velocity and mass-loading factors. We post-process the simulation snapshots with a radiative-transfer code to obtain the molecular emission lines. We find that the inclusion of an AGN promotes the formation of CO in clumpy and dense regions surrounding supermassive-blackholes (SMBH). The CO(1-0) intensity maps ($<$6 Myr) in the CND seem to match well with observations of NGC 1068 with a best match for a model with 5000 $\rm km/s$ wind-velocity and a high mass-loading factor. We attempt to discern between competing explanations for the apparent counter-rotating gas disk in the NGC 1068 through an analysis of kinematic maps of the CO line emission. We suggest that mechanical AGN-feedback could explain the alignment-stability of position-angle across the different CND radii around the SMBH through momentum and energy loading of the wind. It is the wind-velocity that drives the disk out of alignment on a 100 pc scale for a long period of time. The position-velocity diagrams are in broad agreement with the predicted Keplerian rotation-curve in the model without-AGN, but the AGN models exhibit a larger degree of scatter, in better agreement with NGC 1068 observations.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Our mutual friend, no. 19-20
Creators: name: Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Inheritance and succession
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/973371
subject: Social classes
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1122346
subject: Social conflict
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1122378
subject: Families
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728849

description: Last complete novel completed by Charles Dickens and is one of his most sophisticated works, combining savage satire with social analysis. In the opening chapters a body is found in the Thames and identified as that of John Harmon, a young man recently returned to London to receive his inheritance. Were he alive, his father's will would require him to marry Bella Wilfer, a beautiful, mercenary girl whom he had never met. Instead, the money passes to the working-class Boffins, and the effects spread into various corners of London society. Issued monthly from May 1864 to November 1865 in illustrated green paper covers. Chapters 12-17: Chapter 12. The passing shadow -- Chapter 13. Showing how the golden dustman helped to scatter dust -- Chapter 14. Checkmate to the friendly move -- Chapter 15. What was caught in the traps that were set -- Chapter 16. Persons and things in general -- [Chapter 17] Chapter the last. The voice of society
Fresh versus Frozen embryo transfer
Creators: name: Κουνατιάδου, Αμαλία Μαρία Περικλή
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: Φρέσκια εμβρυομεταφορά
Κατεψυγμένα έμβρυα
Εξωσωματική γονιμοποίηση
Fresh embryo transfer
Frozen embryo transfer
In Vitro Fertilization

description: IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatment has been the hope of many women to achieve pregnancies and carrying home children for many years. ART (Assisted Reproduction Technology) has developed and produced a lot of ways and technical methods, through technology and genetics that have huge success impact in infertility. Recently it has been suggested that FET (frozen embryo transfer) has increased success rates (clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, implantation rates) compared to fresh embryo transfer. In the current study, the effectiveness on pregnancy outcomes of FET method following ‘freeze all’ strategy (FET) will be assessed in comparison with fresh embryo transfer. Outcomes were measured regarding the first embryo transfer after freezing all embryos compared to the first fresh embryo transfer. The aim of this study was to compare fresh cycles to frozen thawed cycles (FET) in women of different ages regarding the probability of positive human chorionic gonadotropin test and that of live birth. The analysis was carried out based on the day of embryo transfer and the number of embryos transferred in each embryo transfer. The investigation was performed in women who underwent ART treatments in a private IVF center in Thessaloniki during a certain time period.
description: Η θεραπεία εξωσωματικής γονιμοποίησης (IVF) είναι η ελπίδα πολλών γυναικών να επιτύχουν εγκυμοσύνες και να φέρουν παιδιά στο σπίτι για πολλά χρόνια. Η ART (Τεχνολογία Υποβοηθούμενης Αναπαραγωγής) έχει αναπτύξει και παράγει πολλούς τρόπους και τεχνικές μεθόδους, μέσω της τεχνολογίας και της γενετικής που έχουν τεράστιο αντίκτυπο επιτυχίας στην υπογονιμότητα. Πρόσφατα έχει προταθεί ότι η FET (εμβρυομεταφορά σε κατεψυγμένο κύκλο) έχει αυξημένα ποσοστά επιτυχίας (κλινικά ποσοστά εγκυμοσύνης, ποσοστά γεννήσεων, ποσοστά εμφύτευσης) σε σύγκριση με τη μεταφορά σε φρέσκο κύκλο. Στην τρέχουσα μελέτη, η επίδραση στα αποτελέσματα εγκυμοσύνης της μεθόδου FET μετά τη στρατηγική «freeze all» θα αξιολογηθεί σε σύγκριση με τη μεταφορά εμβρύων σε φρέσκο κύκλο. Τα αποτελέσματα μετρήθηκαν με βάση την πρώτη εμβρυομεταφορά μετά από κατάψυξη όλων των εμβρύων σε σύγκριση με την πρώτη φρέσκια εμβρυομεταφορά. Ο στόχος αυτής της μελέτης ήταν να συγκριθούν οι φρέσκοι κύκλοι με τους κύκλους από κατεψυγμένα έμβρυα (FET) σε γυναίκες διαφορετικών ηλικιών σχετικά με την πιθανότητα θετικής ανθρώπινης χοριακής γοναδοτροπίνης και του ποσοστού ζώντων γεννήσεων. Η ανάλυση πραγματοποιήθηκε με βάση την ημέρα της εμβρυομεταφοράς και τον αριθμό των εμβρύων που μεταφέρθηκαν σε κάθε εμβρυομεταφορά. Η έρευνα διενεργήθηκε σε γυναίκες που υποβλήθηκαν σε θεραπείες σε ιδιωτικό κέντρο εξωσωματικής γονιμοποίησης στη Θεσσαλονίκη για συγκεκριμένο χρονικό διάστημα.
On the mass of gas giant planets: Is Saturn a failed gas giant?
Creators: name: Helled, Ravit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation history of giant planets inside and outside the solar system remains unknown. We suggest that runaway gas accretion is initiated only at a mass of ~100 M_Earth and that this mass corresponds to the transition to a gas giant, a planet that its composition is dominated in hydrogen and helium. Delaying runaway accretion to later times (a few Myr) and higher masses is likely to be a result of an intermediate stage of efficient heavy-element accretion (at a rate of ~10^-5 M_Earth/yr) that provides sufficient energy to hinder rapid gas accretion. This may imply that Saturn has never reached runaway gas accretion, and that it is a "failed giant planet". The transition to a gas giant planet above Saturn's mass naturally explains the differences between the bulk metallicities and internal structures of Jupiter and Saturn. The transition mass to a gas giant planets strongly depends on the exact formation history and birth environment of the planets, which are still not well constrained for our Solar System. In terms of giant exoplanets, delaying runaway gas accretion to planets beyond Saturn's mass can explain the transitions in the mass-radius relations of observed exoplanets and the high metallicity of intermediate-mass exoplanets.
description: accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Synthesis and characterisation of organoamine, organoamido and [mu]-organoamido palladium(II) complexes
Creators: name: Ingram., Wayne L.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Astrophysical constraints on dark-matter $Q$-balls in the presence of baryon-violating operators
Creators: name: Cotner, Eric
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model predict the existence of non-topological solitons, $Q$-balls. Assuming the standard cosmological history preceded by inflation, $Q$-balls can form in the early universe and can make up the dark matter. The relatively large masses of such dark-matter particles imply a low number density, making direct detection very challenging. The strongest limits come from the existence of neutron stars because, if a baryonic $Q$-ball is captured by a neutron star, the $Q$-ball can absorb the baryon number releasing energy and eventually destroying a neutron star. However, in the presence of baryon number violating higher-dimension operators, the growth of a $Q$-ball inside a neutron star is hampered once the $Q$-ball reaches a certain size. We re-examine the limits and identify some classes of higher-dimensional operators for which supersymmetric $Q$-balls can account for dark matter. The present limits leave a wide range of parameters available for dark matter in the form of supersymmetric $Q$-balls.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
The incremental value of a geriatric assessment-derived three-item scale on estimating overall survival in older adults with cancer
Creators: name: Sanoff, H.K.
name: Nyrop, K.A.
name: Nishijima, T.F.
name: Muss, H.B.
name: Deal, A.M.
name: Lund, J.L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Objective: A geriatric assessment (GA) assesses functional age of older patients with cancer and is a well-established tool predictive of toxicity and survival. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of individual GA items. Materials and Methods: 546 patients with cancer ≥ 65 years completed GA from 2009 to 2014 and were followed for survival status for a median of 3.7 years. The GA consisted of function, nutrition, comorbidity, cognition, psychological state, and social activity/support domains. GA items with p < 0.05 in univariable analyses for overall survival (OS) were entered into multivariable stepwise selection procedure using a Cox proportional hazards model. A prognostic scale was constructed with significant GA items retained in the final model. Results: Median age was 72 years, 49% had breast cancer, and 42% had stage 3–4 cancer. Three GA items were significant prognostic factors, independent of traditional factors (cancer type, stage, age, and Karnofsky Performance Status): (1) “limitation in walking several blocks”, (2) “limitation in shopping”, and (3) “≥ 5% unintentional weight loss in 6 months”. A three-item prognostic scale was constructed with these items. In comparison with score 0 (no positive items), hazard ratios for OS were 1.85 for score 1, 2.97 for score 2, and 8.67 for score 3. This translated to 2-year estimated survivals of 85%, 67%, 51% and 17% for scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: This three-item scale was a strong independent predictor of survival. If externally validated, this could be a streamlined tool with broader applicability.
Συνεργατική μάθηση και διδασκαλία ξένων γλωσσών
Creators: name: Σαββίδης, Γρηγόριος Ευθυμίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: Συνεργατική μάθηση
Ξένες γλώσσες
Εκπαίδευση
Cooperative learning
Foreign/Second language
Education

description: Η εργασία διερευνά το θέμα της συνεργατικής μάθησης (cooperative learning), την θέση και τον βαθμό αποδοχής που έχει από την ελληνική εκπαιδευτική κοινότητα και την ενσωμάτωση της στο εκπαιδευτικό πλάνο των μαθημάτων. Αρχικά μελετάται το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο, η αξιοποίηση και επίδραση της συνεργατικής μάθησης στην ξενόγλωσση εκπαίδευση και έπειτα γίνεται μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση των εφαρμογών της και των ψηφιακών εργαλείων που χρησιμοποιούνται στο σύγχρονο παιδαγωγικό περιβάλλον. Ερευνώνται επίσης οι μέθοδοι που εφαρμόζονται στη διδασκαλία με σκοπό την συνεργασία των μαθητών και παρουσιάζονται ψηφιακά εργαλεία που συμβάλλουν στην ανάπτυξη της συνεργατικής μάθησης.
description: This research investigates the field of cooperative learning, its position and the degree of its acceptance in Greek educational community as well as its integration in the educational plan of the courses. Firstly, the theoretical framework, the utilisation and the effect of collaborative learning in foreign language education are discussed, and the bibliography of its applications and the digital tools used in the modern pedagogical environment is presented. Subsequently, the methods applied in teaching for the purpose of student collaboration are also researched and digital tools that contribute to the development of collaborative learning are presented.
Studies of O- and S-bridging binucleating ligands and their transition metal complexes
Creators: name: Iliopoulos., Peter
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Study of recently discovered Be/X-ray pulsar MAXI J0655-013 using NuSTAR
Creators: name: Rai, Binay
name: Tobrej, Mohammed
name: Ghising, Manoj
name: Tamang, Ruchi
name: Paul, Bikash Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the recently discovered Be/X-ray pulsar MAXI J0655--013 using the 2022 \emph{NuSTAR} observations. The paper is the first detailed study of the timing and spectral properties of the source. The pulse profiles of the pulsar vary with energy. The pulsed fraction is found to increase monotonically with energy. In between the two \emph{NuSTAR} observations, a large spin-up rate of $\sim$ -1.23 s d$^{-1}$ is observed, which can be due to large spin-up torque acting on the pulsar during an outburst. Such a large spin-up rate is observed for the first time in an X-ray pulsar during an outburst. The variation of the spin period with time can be employed to obtain the orbital parameters of the binary system, and we found the orbital period to be $\sim$ 27.9 d. The second \emph{NuSTAR} observation is done in a low luminosity state ($L_{X} \sim$3.9$\times$10$^{34}$ \unilum). We have detected the pulsation of the pulsar in such a low luminosity state. In such a low luminosity state, the pulsar MAXI J0655--013 might be accreting from the cold disk.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ein handlungsbasiertes Konzept mathematischer Erklärung
Creators: name: Müller-Hill, Eva
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Erklären ist ein Hauptbestandteil des Mathematikunterrichtes. Ziel dieses kurzen Beitrags ist es, einen Ausblick darauf zu geben, wie der spezifische Charakter des Erklärens unter der Vielzahl von Begründungsarten, die für den MU eine Rolle spielen, mithilfe eines geeigneten theoretischen Überbaus herausgehoben und präzisiert werden kann und welche didaktischen Anschlussfragen für das Erklären im MU sich daraus ergeben.
Assessment of Breast Cancer Patients' Quality of Life under Chemotherapy treatment at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018
Creators: name: Mohammed, Anissa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Ethiopia with increasing burden, yet little research has been conducted on quality of life of breast cancer patients under chemotherapy treatment. Objective: To assess the quality of life of breast cancer patients" under chemotherapy treatment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 403 breast cancer patients who took at least one cycle of chemotherapy treatment at oncology unit of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital day care center from February to April 2018. The validated Amharic version of European organization for research and treatment of cancer core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and quality of life questionnaire specific to breast (QLQ-BR23) was used to measure quality of life. Simple descriptive statistics has been calculated. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was compared to see if there was a significant mean difference in quality of life between categories of socio-demographic and clinical variables. For purpose of interpretation quality of life score was dichotomized in to 2 using 50 as a cutoff point then, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to describe association between dependent and independent variables. Hence patients who score above 50 for quality of life were considered to have better quality of life. Result: Of the total sample, overall response rate was 99.77%. Mean age of participants was 44±11.78. Mean quality of life of breast cancer patients was 52.98 (25.61). The most affected functional scale was emotional functioning (mean 47.61± 25.83). Similarly, 79.2 % of participants had financial difficulties. Likewise, sexual functioning was the most affected functional scale in the disease specific tool with 86.8% of participants had affected sexual functioning. Similarly, patients score worse in breast symptoms where 90.1% had affected breast symptoms. Educational status, marital status, income, number of chemotherapy cycle, physical functioning, social functioning, fatigue, insomnia, financial difficulties and systemic therapy side effects had significant association with QOL. Conclusion and recommendation: Quality of life of breast cancer patients under chemotherapy treatment was poor. Therefore quality of life assessment should be incorporated in patient"s treatment protocol. And health advocates should demand financial support for the patients.
Developing a Scale for Measuring Perceived Barriers to Behavioral Change Towards HIV/AIDS Preventiion
Creators: name: Negatu, Tilahun
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2006

description: Despite the extensive interventions, there hasn't been a corresponding decline in the rate of Sero-prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Why could this be the case? In contrary to the increased knowledge, there appears to be little change in behavior. What is then the challenge in connecting knowledge to actual behavior change? These challenges haven't been identified and measured in local contexts. The objective of this study was to develop a scale for measuring perceived barriers to behavioral change towards HIV/AIDS prevention. More specifically, to identify & describe perceived barriers to behavioral change; to construct a scale for measuring perceived barriers to behavioral change; to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale, and to determine the relative importance of the barriers. A cross-sectional study with qualitative & quantitative phases was conducted at Debub University on regular students. The qualitative part, comprising of in-depth interview and free listing, is designed to identify the major perceived barriers to behavioral change. A preliminary likert-type scale of items, after pilot test and expert review, was administered to 480 students, selected using stratified random sampling technique, for rating. Item analysis criteria selected 28 of the 55 items for factor analysis. Principal component analysis yielded 5 components explaining 63% of the variance after deletion of two other items. The total scale has 0.845 reliability and 0.642 validity. The components were found to measure a single construct. This resulted in a 26-item PBBC instrument. The enjoyment component was found to have higher weight in regression and the risk components have higher relative importance in summated scores. vii In conclusion, the instrument developed has acceptable reliability and validity. Further refining, revising and optimizing of the instrument were recommended
Multi-resonant piezoelectric shunting induced by digital controllers for subwavelength elastic wave attenuation in smart metamaterial
Creators: name: Wang, Gang
name: Cheng, Jianqing
name: Chen, Jingwei
name: He, Yunze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instead of analog electronic circuits and components, digital controllers that are capable of active multi-resonant piezoelectric shunting are applied to elastic metamaterials integrated with piezoelectric patches. Giving thanks to the introduced digital control technique, shunting strategies with transfer functions that can hardly be realized with analog circuits is possible now. As an example, the "pole-zero" method is developed to design single- or multi-resonant bandgaps by adjusting poles and zeros in the transfer function of piezoelectric shunting directly. Large simultaneous attenuations in up to three frequency bands at deep subwavelength scale (with the normalized frequency as low as 0.077) are achieved. The underlying physical mechanism is attributed to the negative group velocity of flexural wave within bandgaps. As digital controllers can be readily adapted via wireless broadcasting, the bandgaps can be tuned easily instead of tuning the electric components in analog shunting circuits one by one manually. The theoretical results are well verified experimentally with the measured vibration transmission properties where large insulations of up to 20dB in low-frequency ranges are observed.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Ecophysiological investigations of the influence of and elevated CO₂ concentrations on marine microphytoplankton
Creators: name: Ihnken., Sven
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
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Η επίδραση ενός προγράμματος παρκούρ στην ισορροπία και ποιότητα ζωής παιδιών και εφήβων
Creators: name: Κουτσουκίδης, Χαράλαμπος Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: Στατική ισορροπία
Συναισθήματα
Παιδιά
Έφηβοι
Parkour
Static balance
Emotions
Children
Adolescents

description: Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία ερευνητική προσπάθεια μελέτης της επίδρασης του παρκούρ στην ψυχολογία και στην ικανότητα της ισορροπίας, προκειμένου να διαπιστωθεί κατά πόσο η προπόνηση παρκούρ βελτιώνει την ποιότητα ζωής των παιδιών και των εφήβων. Αρχικά το δείγμα αποτελούταν από 55 συμμετέχοντες ηλικίας 4 έως 15 ετών που ασχολούνταν με το παρκούρ μέσω συλλόγων και έγινε ηλικιακός διαχωρισμός ομάδων με βάση τα στάδια ανάπτυξης του παιδιού, σχηματίζοντας έτσι 4 ομάδες. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν δύο μετρήσεις με τη χρήση του ερωτηματολογίου ‘differential emotions scale’ για την καταγραφή και εκτίμηση των προκαλούμενων συναισθημάτων και το ‘functional reach test’ για τη στατική ισορροπία. Η πρώτη μέτρηση πραγματοποιήθηκε στην αρχή της έρευνας, πριν την παρέμβαση και η δεύτερη μετά το πέρας των 12 βδομάδων γύμνασης. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας παρουσίασαν γενικά μία αύξηση των θετικών και αντίστροφα μείωση ή και διατήρηση των αρνητικών συναισθημάτων, ενώ διαπιστώθηκε έντονη θετική συσχέτιση του παρκούρ με τη στατική ισορροπία των παιδιών και των εφήβων. Από την ανάλυση των ερωτηματολογίων διαπιστώθηκε ότι το συναίσθημα του θαυμασμού, αλλά και του ενδιαφέροντος ήταν αυτά που παρουσίασαν τη μεγαλύτερη βελτίωση σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα σε όλες τις ηλικιακές ομάδες. Τα ευρήματα αυτά έρχονται κυρίως να συμφωνήσουν με την περιορισμένη υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία και να αποτελέσουν έναυσμα για περαιτέρω σχετικές μελέτες.
description: This paper is a research effort to study the effect of parkour on psychology and the ability to balance, in order to determine whether the parkour workout improves the quality of life of children and adolescents. Initially the sample consisted of 55 participants aged 4 to 15 years engaged in parkour through clubs and age groups were divided according to stages development of the child, thus forming 4 groups. Two measurements were made with use of the ‘differential emotions scale’ questionnaire to record and evaluate evoked emotions and the ‘functional reach test’ for static balance. The first measurement was made at the start of the research protocol, before the intervention and the second after 12 weeks of training. The results of the research presented in general an increase of the positive and vice versa a decrease or even retention of the negative emotions, while a strong positive correlation of parkour training with statics balance was found in studied children and adolescents. Questionnaires analysis showed that the feeling of admiration, as well as of interest were the ones that showed the highest improvement over the rest in all age groups. These findings mostly agree with the limited existing literature, however, they can also serve as a triggering factor for further studies.
On the Hα faintness of the North Polar Spur
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
name: Kataoka, Jun
name: Iwashita, Ryoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of H$α$ intensity to 1.4 GHz radio continuum intensity in the North Polar Spur (NPS) is measured to be $\lesssim 50$, two orders of magnitude smaller than the values of $\sim 10^4$ observed in the typical shell-type old supernova remnants, Cygnus Loop and S147. The extremely low H$α$-to-radio intensity ratio favours the Galactic-Centre explosion model for NPS, which postulates a giant shock wave at a distance of several kilo parsecs in the hot and low-density Galactic halo with low hydrogen recombination rate, over the local supernova(e) remnant model.
description: Accepted for MNRAS, 8 pages, 8 figures
Soft Acoustic Modes in the Two-Dimensional Spin System SrCu2(BO3)2
Creators: name: Kageyama, H.
name: Lüthi, B.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Wolf, B.
name: Zherlitsyn, S.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
Creators: name: Yimer, Habtamu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Measles is an extremely contagious and remains a common disease and major contributor to child-mortality worldwide and kills approximately 1-3 of every 1000 infected individuals. An estimated 10 million cases and 164,000 deaths from measles occur worldwide each year. On January 17/2014 West Gojam zone, Amhara region reported suspected measles cases from Yilmana Denssa district. As part of it West Gojam zone has been reporting remarkable measles cases started On December 5/2013. An investigation was conducted to identify the cause of the outbreak and to undertake appropriate prevention and control interventions Method:Unmatched Case control study design was used to investigate the outbreak and identify risk factors for the occurrences of the outbreak.We useda structured questionnaire to solicit information from cases and controls. Analysis was made using Epi Info version 7.1.3.3 and Microsoft Excel Result:Totally 292 cases and 5 deaths (4 facility and 1 community deaths) were identified. Sample was taken for seven cases and all of them found to be positive for measles IGM. . Out of 292 total cases 169 (58%) were females. The mean ages 13 years and overall attack rate (AR) of the case was 120/100,000 populations. 92.5% of affected cases were unvaccinated. Exposure to a measles cases was significantly associated with illness (OR= 6.3, CI (1.78-22.73) with p-value 0.001) Conclusion: Unvaccinated children less than 15 years of age were primarily affected by the outbreak. Most of the cases were unvaccinated. So mass vaccination campaign from 6 months -14 years of age groups should be conducted to stop the transmission.
Trends in Incidence of ACL Reconstruction and Concomitant Procedures Among Commercially Insured Individuals in the United States, 2002-2014
Creators: name: Mack, C.D.
name: Spang, J.T.
name: Herzog, M.M.
name: Marshall, S.W.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Pate, V.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Background: Few population-based descriptive studies on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and concomitant pathology exist. Hypothesis: Incidence of ACL reconstruction has increased from 2002 to 2014. Study Design: Descriptive clinical epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, which contains insurance enrollment and health care utilization data for approximately 158 million privately insured individuals younger than 65 years, was used to obtain records of ACL reconstructions performed between 2002 and 2014 and any concomitant pathology using Current Procedures Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. The denominator population was defined as the total number of person-years (PYs) for all individuals in the database. Annual rates were computed overall and stratified by age, sex, and concomitant procedure. Results: There were 283,810 ACL reconstructions and 385,384,623 PYs from 2002 to 2014. The overall rate of ACL reconstruction increased 22%, from 61.4 per 100,000 PYs in 2002 to 74.6 per 100,000 PYs in 2014. Rates of isolated ACL reconstruction were relatively stable over the study period. However, among children and adolescents, rates of both isolated ACL reconstruction and ACL reconstruction with concomitant meniscal surgery increased substantially. Adolescents aged 13 to 17 years had the highest absolute rates of ACL reconstruction, and their rates increased dramatically over the 13-year study period (isolated, +37%; ACL + meniscal repair, +107%; ACL + meniscectomy, +63%). Rates of isolated ACL reconstruction were similar for males and females (26.1 vs 25.6 per 100,000 PYs, respectively, in 2014), but males had higher rates of ACL reconstruction with concomitant meniscal surgery than females. Conclusion: Incidence rates of isolated ACL reconstruction and rates of concomitant meniscal surgery have increased, particularly among children and adolescents. Clinical Relevance: A renewed focus on adoption of injury prevention programs is needed to mitigate these trends. In addition, more research is needed on long-term patient outcomes and postoperative health care utilization after ACL reconstruction, with a focus on understanding the sex-based disparity in concomitant meniscal surgery.
The financial burden of out of pocket expenditure for treatment of diabetic mellitus in Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Emiyou, Aster
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease. Worldwide it exerts a huge toll on suffer financially and emotionally. The chronicity and complexity of the disease leads to diverse financial and psychological stress especially at the household level that exposes household for catastrophic expenditure. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the financial burden of out of pocket expenditure for treatment of diabetic mellitus in Addis Ababa. Methods: A total of 434 Diabetic Mellitus patients who were living in Addis Ababa and getting health care service in public hospitals were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and processed using STATA software. Results: The study found that the average out-of-pocket expenditure for treatment of diabetic mellitus patients to be Birr 662 per month. As far as the overshoot catastrophic expenditure is concerned, amongst the very low-income respondents, 54% of them spent 40% or more their total expenditure on DM management. Also, on the other hand, amongst the very high income respondents, 24% of them spent 40% or more their total expenditure on DM management. Thus, the extent of catastrophic diabetic payment at low income households was 94%. The regression results also indicate that as level of education increase, respondents are less likely to encounter a catastrophic DM expenditure compare to Basic and Elementary education. From the results, it became clear that household with large households family size are less likely to encounter catastrophic DM expenditure compared to their small family size counterparts. As the patient/household member become educated, the possibility of being engaged in high income genenerating occupation will increase and thus, the family members tend to support each other financially. This shows that both the descriptive statistics and regression analysis produced similar results. Conclusion: It would appear that the OOP for DM management negatively affected the financial burden of the respondents.This will however be improved when the patients and/or the housedhold member become educated, engaged in high income generating occupation and the family members are supported each other financially.
The SkyMapper search for extremely metal-poor stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Oh, W. S.
name: Nordlander, T.
name: Da Costa, G. S.
name: Bessell, M. S.
name: Mackey, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which can provide crucial information about the properties of the first stars as well as on the formation conditions prevalent during the earliest stages of star formation in dwarf galaxies. Our search utilised SkyMapper photometry, together with parallax and proper motion cuts (from Gaia), colour-magnitude cuts (by selecting the red giant branch region) and finally a metallicity-sensitive cut. Low-resolution spectra of a sample of photometric candidates were taken using the ANU 2.3m telescope/WiFeS spectrograph, from which 7 stars with [Fe/H] $\leq$ -2.75 were identified, two of which have [Fe/H] $\leq$ -3. Radial velocities, derived from the CaII triplet lines, closely match the outer rotation curve of the LMC for the majority of the candidates in our sample. Therefore, our targets are robustly members of the LMC based on their 6D phase-space information (coordinates, spectrophotometric distance, proper motions and radial velocities), and they constitute the most metal-poor stars so far discovered in this galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Is the expansion of the universe accelerating? All signs point to yes
Creators: name: Rubin, David
name: Hayden, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accelerating expansion of the universe is one of the most profound discoveries in modern cosmology, pointing to a universe in which 70% of the mass-energy density has an unknown form spread uniformly across the universe. This result has been well established using a combination of cosmological probes (e.g., Planck Collaboration et al. 2016), resulting in a "standard model" of modern cosmology that is a combination of a cosmological constant with cold dark matter and baryons. The first compelling evidence for the acceleration came in the late 1990's, when two independent teams studying type Ia supernovae discovered that distant SNe Ia were dimmer than expected. The combined analysis of modern cosmology experiments, including SNe Ia, the Hubble constant, baryon acoustic oscillations, and the cosmic microwave background has now measured the contributions of matter and the cosmological constant to the energy density of the universe to better than 0.01, providing a secure measurement of acceleration. A recent study (Trøst Nielsen et al. 2015) has claimed that the evidence for acceleration from SNe Ia is "marginal." Here we demonstrate errors in that analysis which reduce the acceleration significance from SNe Ia, and further demonstrate that conservative constraints on the curvature or matter density of the universe increase the significance even more. Analyzing the Joint Light-curve Analysis supernova sample, we find 4.2σ evidence for acceleration with SNe Ia alone, and 11.2σ in a flat universe. With our improved supernova analysis and by not rejecting all other cosmological constraints, we find that acceleration is quite secure.
description: Accepted for publication. New cosmological models and new figures