cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Holding Multinational Corporations Accountable: Is Non-Financial Disclosure the Answer?
Creators: name: Snyder, Allison M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: Holding Multinational Corporations (MNCs) accountable for business activities in foreign countries is an ongoing concern as the world continues to shrink. There are currently over 70,000 transnational firms with approximately 700,000 subsidiaries and millions of suppliers around the world. This accumulation of power and global reach has brought increased attention to the corporate community. Since 1990, the world has seen the establishment of more than 10,000 new citizens’ groups. From poor working conditions to complicity in human rights violations, there has been no shortage of newsworthy corporate activities provoking public outcry. Despite a lively debate about corporate accountability and numerous proposals to ameliorate the situation, a solution has yet to surface. Some commentators argue that non-financial or corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting provides such a solution. Proponents claim that non-financial reporting by companies will improve not only corporate actions, but also enable shareholders and stakeholders to make better and more informed choices. One commentator maintains that disclosure provides a way for governments to assure control of corporate abuse and promote the public interest. Others propose that stock exchanges should mandate non-financial disclosure and enforce attendant standards. Some commentators argue the business case for disclosure, pointing to the importance of long term corporate sustainability. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are an active voice encouraging increased transparency. In addition, investors have called on companies to voluntarily disclose social and environmental information. This note evaluates the use of non-financial disclosure as a way to improve corporate activities that impact our society and the environment. The subsequent evaluation illustrates that corporate disclosure of social performance has limited impact on improving how companies conduct business abroad. Ultimately, recognizing the limits of non-financial disclosure is a step toward developing a meaningful way to hold companies responsible for activities on foreign soil.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 2: Milton Handler Annual Antitrust Review
Fast rotating Blue Stragglers prefer loose clusters
Creators: name: Ferraro, Francesco R.
name: Mucciarelli, Alessio
name: Lanzoni, Barbara
name: Pallanca, Cristina
name: Cadelano, Mario
name: Billi, Alex
name: Sills, Alison
name: Vesperini, Enrico
name: Dalessandro, Emanuele
name: Beccari, Giacomo
name: Monaco, Lorenzo
name: Mateo, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blue stragglers are anomalously luminous core hydrogen-burning stars formed through mass-transfer in binary/triple systems and stellar collisions. Their physical and evolutionary properties are largely unknown and unconstrained. Here we analyze 320 high-resolution spectra of blue stragglers collected in eight galactic globular clusters with different structural characteristics and show evidence that the fraction of fast rotating blue stragglers (with rotational velocities larger than 40 km/s) increases for decreasing central density of the host system. This trend suggests that fast spinning blue stragglers prefer low-density environments and promises to open an unexplored route towards understanding the evolutionary processes of these stars. Since large rotation rates are expected in the early stages of both formation channels, our results provide direct evidence for recent blue straggler formation activity in low-density environments and put strong constraints on the timescale of the collisional blue straggler slow-down processes.
description: Published in Nature Communications
Code Red: Responding to the Moral Hazards Facing U.S. Information Technology Companies in China
Creators: name: Nawyn, Marc D.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: This paper surveys the nature and extent of China’s control over the Internet, the problems it creates for U.S. Information Technology (“IT”) companies doing business in the country, and various proposals on how to deal with them. It focuses on several controversial developments among major U.S. IT companies with ties to China, including Google’s announcement that it would launch a censored version of its popular search engine for Chinese Internet users, Microsoft’s decision to remove a controversial blog from the Chinese version of its MSN Spaces, and Yahoo!’s involvement in the identification and imprisonment of Chinese journalist Shi Tao, who used the company’s email service to send politically sensitive documents abroad. It tentatively concludes that Chinese Internet users would be worse off, on the whole, if U.S. IT companies were prohibited from doing business in China and considers various forms a regulatory regime might take to prevent some of the more egregious examples of collaboration. After considering the prospects of both self-regulation and legislation, it comes out in favor of a hybrid approach involving the development of an industry-wide code of conduct propped up by legislation designed to deter noncompliance. Significant attention is devoted in the process to demonstrating the theoretical advantages of this hybrid approach within the conceptual space afforded by contemporary views of the natures of both the State and the corporation. Noting the limits to this approach as a model for the regulation of transnational business, it ends by suggesting the need for the development of something like a stakeholder theory of the modern State.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 2: Milton Handler Annual Antitrust Review
Synthesis and scintillation properties of some dense X-ray phosphors
Creators: name: Dujardin, C
name: Garcia-Murillo, A.
name: Pedrini, C.
name: Madej, C.
name: Goutaudier, C.
name: Koch, A.
name: Petrosyan, A. G.
name: Weber, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many ultra-dense lutetium or gadolinium based compounds doped with Eu 3+ have been prepared. This paper reports on the major scintillation performances of these compounds. One of them (Lu 2 O 3 :Eu) is particularly promising and have been deposited on a screen. Performances of such a screen are presented.
Higher Angular Momentum Mixing in a Non-spherical Color Superconductor with Time Reversal Invariance Violation
Creators: name: Feng, Bo
name: Hou, Defu
name: Ren, Hai-cang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angular momentum mixing in a non-spherical CSC with nonzero azimuthal quantum number and therefore violating time reversal invariance has been examined. The mixing is bound to occur because of the equal strength of the pairing potential mediated by one-gluon exchange for all partial waves to the leading order QCD running coupling constant and the nonlinearity of the gap equation. The free energy with mixing is lower than that with p-wave pairing only, but still higher than that of the spherical CSL state.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure with Revtex
Laminin and Dystroglycan function in Drosophila wrapping glia ensheathment during development
Creators: name: Clayworth, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Peripheral nervous system (PNS) health is largely dependent on proper glial cell functioning during development. Myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells are glial cells in the PNS that ensheathe and protect axons. Communication between Schwann cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for PNS development. The ECM protein laminin, and its receptor Dystroglycan [Dg; part of the Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC)], are important for myelinating Schwann cell development, however little is known about the mechanisms underlying the role of laminins and Dg/DGC in non-myelinating Schwann cell development. We use developing Drosophila wrapping glia (WG), which ensheathe axons similarly to non-myelinating Schwann cells, as a model to study the role of laminin/Dg in non-myelinating Schwann cell development. We found strong expression of LanA (one of two laminin alpha subunits in Drosophila), around WG. Wing blister, the other laminin alpha subunit, is not strongly expressed in the peripheral nerve, indicating that the LamininA isoform is the primary laminin isoform expressed here. We found that WG express LanA, and knockdown of LanA in WG caused perinuclear membrane accumulations and a reduction in WG-axon contact. We found that LanA is deposited in a polarized manner—LanA is preferentially localized between WG and axons (rather than between WG and its adjacent glial layer, subperineurial glia), and preferentially around motor axons versus sensory axons. We also found the laminin receptor Dg is expressed on WG membranes, and we identified differential expression of Dg isoforms in different layers of the peripheral nerve. Knockdown of Dg in WG causes a WG morphology defect, reduction in WG-axon contact, and reduction in laminin deposition in the WG-axon area. We also found that knockdown of Dystrophin, the intracellular binding partner to Dg, phenocopies the Dg-mediated WG morphology defect, suggesting that these proteins likely function together in mediating WG morphology during development. Overall, we characterized a novel localization pattern and function of laminin and Dg in Drosophila WG during development. Due to the highly conserved nature of laminins and DGC proteins, our results have implications for non-myelinating Schwann cell development—thus improving our understanding of the factors underlying PNS development in all animals.
Exact formula for currents in strongly pumped diffusive systems
Creators: name: Horowitz, Jordan M.
name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a generic model of mesoscopic machines driven by the nonadiabatic variation of external parameters. We derive a formula for the probability current; as a consequence we obtain a no-pumping theorem for cyclic processes satisfying detailed balance and demonstrate that the rectification of current requires broken spatial symmetry.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in the Journal of Statistical Physics
Reformulação e atualização da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD)
Creators: name: Andreotti, André
name: Amaro, Bianca
name: Inácio, Divino
name: Santos, Flávio
name: Sousa, Juliana
name: Matas, Lautaro
name: Santos, Vivian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha IV da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
Superconductivity induced by doping Pd in SrFe2-xPdxAs2
Creators: name: Zhu, Xiyu
name: Cheng, Fei Han Peng
name: Shen, Bing
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using solid state reaction method, we have synthesized the Pd-doped superconductor SrFe2-xPdxAs2. The systematic evolution of the lattice constants indicated that the Fe ions were successfully replaced by the Pd. By increasing the doping content of Pd, the antiferromagnetic state of the parent phase is suppressed and superconductivity is induced at a doping level of about x=0.05. Superconductivity with a maximum transition temperature Tc of about 8.7 K was achieved at the doping level of x = 0.15. The general phase diagram of Tc versus x was obtained and found to be similar to the case of Ni and Co doping to the Fe sites. Our results suggest that superconductivity can be easily induced in the FeAs family by adding electrons into the system, regardless with the transition metals of 3d or higher d-orbital electrons.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Coordinated Effects in Merger Analysis: An Introduction
Creators: name: Ordover, Janusz A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: This Article focuses on the economics of “coordinated effects” in merger assessment. The Article will provide an interested practitioner with a quick guide to the modern literature on this topic and also offer some insights into the type of evidence that may be relevant in a coordinated effects merger case. The Article closes with a few remarks on the public policy issues that are triggered by potential challenges to a merger through coordinated effects. In this respect, it is important to recognize that, as compared to unilateral effects analyses, there is much less analytical rigor and much more reliance on a broad range of qualitative indicators when gauging the likelihood of such effects. This makes counseling more difficult and litigation much more unpredictable. Indeed, one often hears that while a reduction in a market from “5 to 4” firms likely will be “okay” with the reviewing agency, going from “4 to 3” can create a serious risk of a challenge. Actually, in the coordinated effects area, matters are often more (or less) complicated than that, and good evidence that is clearly presented can overcome initial skepticism by the Agency’s staff and also sway the judge.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 2: Milton Handler Annual Antitrust Review
Soliton strings and interactions in mode-locked lasers
Creators: name: Ablowitz, Mark J.
name: Horikis, Theodoros P.
name: Nixon, Sean D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soliton strings in mode-locked lasers are obtained using a variant of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, appropriately modified to model power (intensity) and energy saturation. This equation goes beyond the well-known master equation often used to model these systems. It admits mode-locking and soliton strings in both the constant dispersion and dispersion-managed systems in the (net) anomalous and normal regimes; the master equation is contained as a limiting case. Analysis of soliton interactions show that soliton strings can form when pulses are a certain distance apart relative to their width. Anti-symmtetric bi-soltion states are also obtained. Initial states mode-lock to these states under evolution. In the anomalous regime individual soliton pulses are well approximated by the solutions of the unperturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation, while in the normal regime the pulses are much wider and strongly chirped.
description: 10 pages
Additional file 1 of Rendering protein mutation movies with MutAmore
Creators: name: Weissenow, Konstantin
name: Rost, Burkhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. In figures S1-S12 we show screenshots of all protein mutation movies used for benchmarking. Corresponding tables S1-S12 indicate runtimes for all individual samples, including prediction time using ESMFold and all MutAmore rendering pipeline steps. Figure S13 visualizes the scaling of runtime for prediction and rendering steps with sequence length.
Discovery of an unusual new radio source in the star-forming galaxy M82: Faint supernova, supermassive blackhole, or an extra-galactic microquasar?
Creators: name: Muxlow, T. W. B.
name: Beswick, R. J.
name: Garrington, S. T.
name: Pedlar, A.
name: Fenech, D. M.
name: Argo, M. K.
name: van Eymeren, J.
name: Ward, M.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Brunthaler, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A faint new radio source has been detected in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy M82 using MERLIN radio observations designed to monitor the flux density evolution of the recent bright supernova SN2008iz. This new source was initially identified in observations made between 1-5th May 2009 but had not been present in observations made one week earlier, or in any previous observations of M82. In this paper we report the discovery of this new source and monitoring of its evolution over its first 9 months of existence. The true nature of this new source remains unclear, and we discuss whether this source may be an unusual and faint supernova, a supermassive blackhole associated with the nucleus of M82, or intriguingly the first detection of radio emission from an extragalactic microquasar.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures (2 colour), MNRAS letters accepted
Section 2 Standards and Consumer Welfare: Some Lessons from the World of Merger Enforcement
Creators: name: Meyer, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: This Article will discuss the role of “consumer welfare” in judging the legality of single-firm conduct. There is a debate raging in the antitrust world over the standards for judging whether the business decisions of individual firms with a significant degree of market power will run afoul of competition law principles–embodied in the United States in Section 2 of the Sherman Act –and thus potentially give rise to claims for damages by the firm’s customers and rivals. A few core principles are now well established in the United States. First, unilateral conduct has long been immune from antitrust scrutiny when the firm is not yet a monopolist and the firm’s small share of the market or other market conditions make it unlikely that monopoly power could be achieved. Second, “bigness” (or dominance) is no longer equated with “badness.” The concern of antitrust law is instead with the maintenance or acquisition of monopoly power rather than its mere possession or exercise. Firms with monopoly power are thus free to exercise that power by charging high prices and collecting supra-competitive returns. Those returns are the rewards for success that has been achieved lawfully, often by developing products or services that meet an important and previously untapped consumer need. Moreover, high prices are now generally recognized as “procompetitive” acts, at least in the sense that they stimulate entry and investment and other competitive responses. Ideal Section 2 liability rules would accomplish at least three things simultaneously. They should properly identify and prohibit “bad” actions that destroy or impede competition without sufficient justification or sufficient benefit to consumers. At the same time, those rules should not penalize “good” actions that reflect innovative or efficiency-enhancing behavior by the monopolist. Perhaps most importantly, they must provide reasonably clear guidance to firms and their antitrust counselors as to the scope of permissible competitive freedoms and the range of potential legal risks. Otherwise, uncertainty about the application of the rules–including both the risk that courts might reach the wrong results and the high cost of having to defend misguided lawsuits brought by disgruntled rivals–would slacken the drive of all firms that have or might hope to achieve significant market shares. We can hope that the debate over Section 2 liability rules will eventually yield an approach to the law of monopolization that effectively protects consumer welfare by neither over-restricting (or over-deterring) pro-competitive behavior, nor being overly permissive of harmful conduct.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 2: Milton Handler Annual Antitrust Review
Reasonable Accommodation for those “Regarded As” Disabled: Why Requiring It will Create Positive Incentives for Employers
Creators: name: Ozawa, Austin
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: At the birth of federal disability law in the United States, Congress, when enacting the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, asserted that “[i]t is against the basic tenets of the scientific process to make an assumption of no hope and no help” and reasoned that “[n]o less should be true of public policy.” Congress realized that this lack of hope and help was pervasive in America’s relationship to its disabled population. Most importantly, employers were resistant to hiring people with disabilities based on generalized and often irrational fears about disabled employees. Due to the lack of “help and hope,” Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) to bring help and hope to those with disabilities. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the ADA in four circuit courts directly contravenes Congress’s attempt to aid the integration of the disabled into society. By holding that non-disabled employees “regarded as” disabled do not fall under the definition of “disability” under the ADA, these circuit courts have relieved employers of the reasonable accommodation requirement under the ADA for such employees. This interpretation of the ADA is critically flawed both in its legal underpinnings as well as its social effects. As a result, the Supreme Court needs to directly confront this issue and hold that employees “regarded as” disabled are required to be reasonably accommodated by their employers and, in the absence of requisite accommodations, “regarded as” disabled individuals have a cause of action against their employers.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 1
Characterization of Stellar Spots in Next-Generation Microlensing Surveys
Creators: name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the important microlensing applications to stellar atmospheres is the study of spots on stellar surface provided by the high resolution of caustic-crossing binary-lens events. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of spot-induced perturbations in microlensing light curves and explain the physical background of the characteristics. We explore the variation of the spot-induced perturbations depending on various parameters characterizing the spot and investigate how well these parameters can be retrieved from observations in high-cadence future lensing surveys. From this, we find that although it would not be easy to precisely constrain the shape and the surface brightness contrast, the size and location of the spot on the stellar surface can be fairly well constrained from the analysis of lensing light curves.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Rotating cluster formations emerge in an ensemble of active particles
Creators: name: Cantisán, Julia
name: Seoane, Jesús M.
name: Sanjuán, Miguel A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotating clusters or vortices are formations of agents that rotate around a common center. These patterns may be found in very different contexts: from swirling fish to surveillance drones. Here, we propose a minimal model for self-propelled chiral particles with inertia, which shows different types of vortices. We consider an attractive interaction for short distances on top of the repulsive interaction that accounts for volume exclusion. We study cluster formation and we find that the cluster size and clustering coefficient increase with the packing of particles. Finally, we classify three new types of vortices: encapsulated, periodic and chaotic. These clusters may coexist and their proportion depends on the density of the ensemble. The results may be interesting to understand some patterns found in nature and to design agents that automatically arrange themselves in a desired formation while exchanging only relative information.
Hedge Fund Registration: Yesterday’s Regulatory Schemes for Today’s Investment Vehicles
Creators: name: Daniel, Sargon
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: Hedge funds have become some of the most influential players on Wall Street in the past decade. In 1990, there were approximately 300 hedge funds with $39 billion in assets under management; the most recent studies estimate that there are 8000 to 9000 hedge funds with nearly $1 trillion in assets under management. The secretive nature of hedge funds, the general public’s lack of knowledge about hedge funds, the potentially market-destroying collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, and the monumental growth in the industry have drawn strong media exposure and have piqued the interest of regulators across the nation. The 1992 Joint Report on the Government Securities Market dedicated seven pages of a nearly 200 page report to a cursory discussion of hedge funds. A decade later, however, the government had commissioned two separate studies just to deal with the growth of hedge funds. The culmination of the government studies resulted in changes to the hedge fund legal landscape. Under a new rule, hedge fund managers were required to register with the Securities & Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”), a move that required managers to report the financial statements of their funds to the SEC and to adopt more stringent compliance and regulatory controls. The new rule, however, was deemed an arbitrary rule because there was “a disconnect between the [risky] factors the Commission cited and the rule it promulgated[.]” The D.C. Circuit Court therefore vacated and remanded the rule. This Note argues that a registration requirement by the SEC will not provide increased protection–over the fairly comprehensive, already existing body of securities law–to investors, particularly when comparing the effects of imposing new rules on hedge funds with the effects of imposing new rules on mutual funds. More specifically, the current state of the financial and legal regulatory environment, and the types of investment vehicles being scrutinized, are sufficiently different from the state of affairs preceding the first round of regulation. Thus, hedge fund investors will not realize the intended benefits of the regulation. Finally, this Note offers proposed solutions to better address the concerns of the SEC in terms of providing more transparency to potential investors and, more importantly, better insulating the market and investors from the potentially crippling effects of hedge fund investment methods in volatile markets.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 1
Additional file 1 of The postgraduate medical educational climate assessed by the Danish Residency Educational Climate Test (DK-RECT): a validation and cross-sectional observational study
Creators: name: Jacobsen, Rikke Borre
name: Boor, Klarke
name: Christensen, Karl Bang
name: Ung, Vilde Hansteen
name: Carlsen, Jørn
name: Kirk, Ole
name: Hanefeld Dziegiel, Morten
name: Østergaard, Elsebet
name: Rochat, Per
name: Albrecht-Beste, Elisabeth
name: Droogh, Marjoes
name: Lapperre, Therese S.
name: Scheele, Fedde
name: Sørensen, Jette Led
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and number of trainees required to achieve a reliable outcome for one department. Table S2. Fit of multidimensional CFA.
Agonistic interactions in dairy cattle
Creators: name: Krahn, Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Cattle are gregarious animals that sometimes engage in agonistic interactions and are able to form social relationships, including dominance. The aim of this thesis was to address some of the inconsistencies and gaps in the conceptual understanding of agonistic behaviour and dominance in dairy cattle, methods of data collection, and methods of assessing dominance. I outline that dominance is multidimensional and can be influenced by individual characteristics and other factors, including motivation to access resources. I provide guidelines for a more robust approach to estimating dominance in cattle, including a minimum number of observations required and advantages and challenges associated with different methods. Similarly, while group sizes vary on farms, little is known about how this variation effects agonistic behaviour. I hypothesized that cows would engage in fewer agonistic interactions at the feeder when housed in larger groups. I predicted that the majority of agonistic interactions within dyads would be won by the same individual (i.e., directionality) regardless of group size. I tested these predictions using 4 replicates of 50 cows first housed in groups of 50 which were then divided into 5 groups of 10, maintaining the same stocking density of animals to resources. I used a validated algorithm to determine agonistic interactions, which were used to calculate individual Elo-Ratings (a dominance score) and categorize cows into 5 dominance categories based on these ratings. To ensure a consistent Elo-Rating distribution between group sizes, 2 cows from each dominance category were randomly assigned to each group of 10. Data from the last 3 days in each treatment were used for analysis of agonistic interaction frequency. Although the groups of 10 were more variable, the average number of agonistic interactions per cow in groups of 50 (34.1±2.4, mean±SE; 26.5–41.7, 95% CI) was similar to that in groups of 10 (31.1±5.0, mean±SE; 15.0–47.2, 95% CI). 81.5±5.2% (mean±SD) of dyads had the same directionality across group sizes. My findings indicate that dominance and agonistic behaviour are multidimensional and that group size may not be a major driver of the frequency of physical agonistic interactions at the feeder in dairy cattle.
Discrete derivative estimation in LISA Pathfinder data reduction
Creators: name: Ferraioli, Luigi
name: Hueller, Mauro
name: Vitale, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data analysis for the LISA Technology package (LTP) experiment to be flown aboard the LISA Pathfinder mission requires the solution of the system dynamics for the calculation of the force acting on the test masses (TMs) starting from interferometer position data. The need for a solution to this problem has prompted us to implement a discrete time domain derivative estimator suited for the LTP experiment requirements. We first report on the mathematical procedures for the definition of two methods; the first based on a parabolic fit approximation and the second based on a Taylor series expansion. These two methods are then generalized and incorporated in a more general class of five point discrete derivative estimators. The same procedure employed for the second derivative can be applied to the estimation of the first derivative and of a data smoother allowing defining a class of simple five points estimators for both. The performances of three particular realization of the five point second derivative estimator are analyzed with simulated noisy data. This analysis pointed out that those estimators introducing large amount of high frequency noise can determine systematic errors in the estimation of low frequencies noise levels.
description: to be published in Class. Quantum Grav. 7th LISA Symposium special issue
Validation of the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) among Urban Middle-aged and Older African Americans
Creators: name: Kim, Elissa
name: Zilioli, Samuele
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: African Americans
subject: STRAIN
subject: stress

description: A cross-sectional, validation study of the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) using African American participants from the Health among Older adults Living in Detroit (HOLD) study.
The combination of linagliptin and metformin rescues bone loss in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Liu, Zhihong
name: Lu, Ming
name: Zhang, Yanrong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: To develop an approach to reduce the type 2 diabetic osteoporosis, this study investigated the protective effects of the combination of linagliptin and metformin against osteoporosis. Micro-CT and dynamic biomechanical measurements were used to determine the bone microstructure in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in high glucose environments. In addition, we used qRT-PCR and Western blotting to assess osteogenic markers and p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein expression. The combination of linagliptin and metformin treatment significantly restored bone micro-architecture and femoral mechanical properties in the T2DM rats. In contrast, bone markers including osteocalcin, NH2-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, COOH-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly reduced by the combination of linagliptin and metformin treatment. We used high glucose treated MC3T3-E1 cells to mimic the condition of T2DM. Linagliptin combined with metformin treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK induced by high glucose treatment. In conclusion, the linagliptin combined with metformin treatment improved the rats’ bone mineral density, bone structure, and osteogenic markers. Both p38 and ERK phosphorylation were reduced in high glucose MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings highlight the potential of linagliptin combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Multi-omics investigation of host-pathogen interactions during pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
Creators: name: Krekhno, Zakhar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Infectious diarrheal diseases are the third leading cause of mortality in young children, many of which are driven by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). This thesis employed an amalgamation of omics, in silico prediction, and conventional molecular biology tools to investigate the host-pathogen interactions during EPEC infection, primarily focusing on the systems-level and protein interactions. We employed a dual RNA-sequencing approach to investigate the host and microbe physiology during EPEC infection of an intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2/TC-7) with a focus on the role of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS). Our findings showed that T3SS was used by EPEC to suppress various host responses, including immune signaling and apoptosis. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) were important for mediating host and pathogen behaviors and identified differentially expressed miRNAs that played a role in suppressing cell death and altering cytokine secretion in response to infection. With regards to bacterial transcriptome, we observed drastic upregulation of the Type II Secretion System (T2SS) genes in EPEC upon host cell contact. To explore the role of the T2SS during natural host infection, we used Citrobacter rodentium, a murine enteric pathogen, as a model of EPEC-caused disease. We demonstrated that this system was functional in vitro with potential roles in intestinal mucin degradation. During host infection, loss of the T2SS or predicted effectors led to a significant colonization defect and lack of systemic spread. Finally, apoptosis was among the pathways with a T3SS-associated pattern of dysregulation during infection. This prompted us to investigate the function of a pro-apoptotic T3SS effector, Map, due to the lack of understanding of its mechanism of action. Through a combination of proximity labelling mass spectrometry and deep learning interaction prediction algorithm, we identified several Map partners, several of which were involved in the electron transport chain (ETC). Collectively, this thesis provides the first survey of the host and bacterial transcriptomes during EPEC infection, the first confirmation of the importance of the C. rodentium T2SS for robust infection in vivo, and identification of novel host mitochondrial proteins interacting with EPEC effector Map.
Finding Nemo: Rediscovering the Virtues of Negotiability in the Wake of Enron
Creators: name: Levitin, Adam J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2007

description: Creditors have long understood that any claims they submit for repayment in a bankruptcy might be valid, but subject to subordination in the order of payment of the bankruptcy estate’s limited funds if the creditor behaved inequitably as the debtor failed. A groundbreaking opinion in Enron’s bankruptcy has expanded the practice of equitable subordination far beyond its traditional reach and subjected buyers of bankruptcy claims to subordination, not just for their own conduct, but also for the conduct of previous owners of the claims, regardless of whether the conduct related to the claims. Enron provides a striking example of what happens when markets outrun the law. Bankruptcy claims trading is a new market that has emerged since the enactment of the Bankruptcy Code of 1978. Claims trading undermines many of the Code’s assumptions about risks and relationships. Although the net costs and benefits of claims trading to the reorganization process are not clear, Enron illustrates how the courts are struggling to bring the law and markets in sync and the problems that arise when courts attempt to saddle new markets with outdated legal structures. In a world of active bankruptcy claims trading, Enron raises powerful policy questions about the legal rules governing property transfers that affect the doctrinal development of bankruptcy law and the survival of a secondary market that provides important liquidity to other capital markets. This article shows how Enron was erroneous from both doctrinal and policy perspectives and examines the problems Enron has created for several distinct markets. The solution to the disconnect between markets and law is to look to the essential underpinnings of core legal concepts and consider how they might be used to bring order to new transactional situations, rather than shoehorn markets into old paradigms. This article argues that hoary commercial law concepts like negotiability can and should be revitalized, revised, and expanded to account for new types of markets. Indeed, Enron is a reminder of the continuing value of negotiability in commercial contexts, for if the claims involved had been negotiable, they could not have been subordinated. Thus, this article considers what factors have traditionally determined when the law adopts a negotiability regime for property transfers and whether these factors make sense in today’s financial markets. The article argues that in the bankruptcy claims context, the liquidity benefits of negotiability outweigh its costs. Accordingly, the article proposes a federal law of negotiability for bankruptcy claims to protect the liquidity of this vital market.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2007 No. 1
title: Numerical Investigation of an Oxyacetylene Torch With Regards to an Ablative Material
Creators: name: Fortner, Luke
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software is used to model an oxyacetylene torch used as a screening facility for high temperature material testing. First, a published test-case is used to verify the CFD approach. The model that was produced falls within 5% of the Marra et al. [15] work in regards to heat flux and front face temperature, with a one step reaction mechanism that is computationally cheap. Then, the approach is used to model an existing experimental facility.
description: © 2022 Luke Fortner
Gas in Simulations of High Redshift Galaxies and Minihalos
Creators: name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Mesinger, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gas content of halos in the early universe using high resolution hydrodynamical simulations. We extract from the simulations and also predict based on linear theory the halo mass for which the enclosed baryon fraction equals half of the mean cosmic fraction. We find a rough agreement between the simulations and the predictions, which suggests that during the high-redshift era before stellar heating, the minimum mass needed for a minihalo to keep most of its baryons throughout its formation was $\sim 3 \times 10^4$ M$_\odot$. We also carry out a detailed resolution analysis and show that in order to determine a halo's gas fraction even to 20% accuracy the halo must be resolved into at least 500 dark matter particles.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Gauge Orbit Types for Theories with Classical Compact Gauge Group
Creators: name: Hertsch, Alexander
name: Rudolph, Gerd
name: Schmidt, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the orbit types of the action of the group of local gauge transformations on the space of connections in a principal bundle with structure group O(n), SO(n) or $Sp(n)$ over a closed, simply connected manifold of dimension 4. Complemented with earlier results on U(n) and SU(n) this completes the classification of the orbit types for all classical compact gauge groups over such space-time manifolds. On the way we derive the classification of principal bundles with structure group SO(n) over these manifolds and the Howe subgroups of SO(n).
description: 57 pages
Long range rapidity correlations as seen in the STAR experiment
Creators: name: Lappi, T.
name: McLerran, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze long range rapidity correlations observed in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Our goal is to extract properties of the two particle correlation matrix, accounting for the analysis method of the STAR experiment. We find a surprisingly large correlation strength for central collisions of gold nuclei at highest RHIC energies. We argue that such correlations cannot be the result of impact parameter fluctuations.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, uses elsart.cls. V2: typo corrections
Flow in Multistage Transonic Compressors
Creators: name: Dent, Anthony
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Multistage
Transonic
Compressors
CFD

description: Transonic compressors are regularly used as part of the compression system in industrial gas turbines because their high operating speeds make them capable of producing high stage pressure ratios and they have a high efficiency. The flow inside a these compressors is inherently unsteady due to rotor-stator interactions and the flow in transonic compressors is also subject to shock waves leading to further unsteady interactions such as the interaction between the inlet guide vanes and the rotor leading edge shock waves. Despite the presence of unsteady flow, CFD simulations regularly assume the flow to be steady relative to each blade row in order to reduce the cost and time to perform simulations, however, this introduces more assumptions into the simulations compared to unsteady CFD simulations. The first aim of this thesis is to investigate the causes of the differences in predicted efficiency observed between steady and unsteady simulations in order to show the operating conditions at which the steady flow assumptions break down. It is shown that the efficiency in the rotor blade row is over predicted in the steady simulations due to a weaker shock wave. The efficiency in the IGV is also over predicted while the efficiency in the stator blade row is under predicted. The unsteady simulations are also used to show that the stage efficiency characteristic is not affected by the unsteady effects from the downstream blade rows, when the stage is embedded in a multistage machine. In the next part of the thesis the effect of the IGV-Rotor axial gap on the compressor efficiency, and the dynamic blade loading, is investigated in multistage unsteady simulations. This shows that a reduced IGV-Rotor axial spacing gives an improvement in the efficiency but leads to an increase in the dynamic loading which may prove detrimental to the blade life. It is also show that altering the IGV-Rotor spacing has an effect on the loadings of the blade rows in the downstream stages. The final part of the thesis investigates vane rescheduling in a multistage transonic compressor using steady CFD simulations. Vane rescheduling is important in multistage compressors in order to prevent the compressor stalling and to maximise the efficiency when operating at off-design speeds. Vane schedules are optimised for a range of design and off-design speeds and the effect of rescheduling on the radial flow distribution is analysed. It is shown that the flow can be affected far downstream of the rescheduled blade row and that this can affect the location of the separation in downstream blade rows.
description: The project has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.