cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protective Roles for Fibrin, Tissue Factor, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, and Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, but Not Factor XI, during Defense against the Gram-Negative Bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica
Creators: name: Szaba, Frank M.
name: Kummer, Lawrence W.
name: Plow, Edward F.
name: Luo, Deyan
name: Smiley, Stephen T.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Gailani, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Septic infections dysregulate hemostatic pathways, prompting coagulopathy. Nevertheless, anticoagulant therapies typically fail to protect humans from septic pathology. The data reported here may help to explain this discrepancy by demonstrating critical protective roles for coagulation leading to fibrin deposition during host defense against the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica. After intraperitoneal inoculation with Y. enterocolitica, fibrinogen-deficient mice display impaired cytokine and chemokine production in the peritoneal cavity and suppressed neutrophil recruitment. Moreover, both gene-targeted fibrinogen-deficient mice and wild type mice treated with the anticoagulant coumadin display increased hepatic bacterial burden and mortality following either intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation with Y. enterocolitica. Mice with low tissue factor (TF) activity succumb to yersiniosis with a phenotype similar to fibrin(ogen)-deficient mice, whereas factor XI (FXI)-deficient mice show wild type levels of resistance. Mice deficient in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) display modest phenotypes, but mice deficient in both PAI-1 and TAFI succumb to yersiniosis with a phenotype resembling fibrin(ogen)-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate critical protective roles for the TF-dependent extrinsic coagulation pathway during host defense against bacteria and caution that therapeutics targeting major thrombin-generating or anti-fibrinolytic pathways may disrupt fibrin-mediated host defense during gram-negative sepsis.
New records of epibiont Ciliates (Ciliophora) from Indian coast with descriptions of six new species
Creators: name: CHATTERJEE, Tapas
name: FERNANDEZ-LEBORANS, Gregorio
name: RAMTEKE, Darwin
name: INGOLE, Baban
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2013

description: Six epibiont ciliates Cothurnia palkensis, C. nova, C. disper, C. dovgali, C. mannaerensis and C. clampi are described as new for science from the Indian coast. Acineta truncata Collin, 1909 and A. tuberosa Ehrenberg, 1834 are reported here for first time from the Indian coast.
TNF Receptor 1 Mediates Dendritic Cell Maturation and CD8 T Cell Response through Two Distinct Mechanisms
Creators: name: Chen, Jianzhu
name: Qin, Zhihai
name: Yang, Wei
name: Su, Lishan
name: Du, Peishuang
name: Ding, Xilai
name: Shi, Xiaodong
name: Deng, Hongyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and its two receptors (TNFR1 and 2) are known to stimulate dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T cell response. However, the specific receptor and mechanisms involved in vivo are still controversial. Here we show that in response to an attenuated mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection, DCs fail to mobilize and up-regulate CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I in TNFR1−/− mice as compared to the wild-type and TNFR2−/− mice. Correspondingly, virus-specific CD8 T cell response was dramatically diminished in TNFR1−/− mice. Adoptive transfer of TNFR1-expressing DCs into TNFR1−/− mice rescues CD8 T cell response. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of TNFR1-expressing naïve T cells also restores DC mobilization and maturation and endogenous CD8 T cell response. These results show that TNFR1, not TNFR2, mediates TNFα stimulation of DC maturation and T cell response to MHV in vivo. They also suggest two mechanisms by which TNFR1 mediates TNFα-driven DC maturation: a direct effect through TNFR1 expressed on immature DCs and an indirect effect through TNFR1 expressed on naïve T cells.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Prevents Rodent Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglia via a Novel Signaling Pathway
Creators: name: Flood, Patrick M.
name: Wilson, Belinda
name: Chen, Shih Heng
name: Hong, Jau Shyong
name: Qian, Li
name: Wu, Hungming
name: Ali, Syed F.
name: Zhang, Dan
name: Lu, Ru Band
name: Peterson, Lynda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The role of the β2 Adrenergic Receptor (β2AR) in the regulation of chronic neurodegenerative inflammation within the CNS is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine neuroprotective effects of long-acting β2AR agonists such as salmeterol in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease. Results showed salmeterol exerted potent neuroprotection against both LPS and MPTP/MPP+-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity both in primary neuron-glia cultures (at sub-nanomolar concentrations) and in mice (1–10 μg/kg/day doses). Further studies demonstrated that salmeterol-mediated neuroprotection is not a direct effect on neurons; instead, it is mediated through the inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation. Salmeterol significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of microglial pro-inflammatory neurotoxic mediators, such as TNFα, superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as the inhibition of TAK1-mediated phosphorylation of MAPK and p65 NF-κB. The anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol required β2AR expression in microglia, but were not mediated through the conventional GPCR/cAMP pathway. Rather, salmeterol failed to induce microglial cAMP production, could not be reversed by either PKA inhibitors or an EPAC agonist, and was dependent on beta-arrestin2 expression. Together, our results demonstrate that administration of extremely low doses of salmeterol exhibit potent neuroprotective effects by inhibiting microglial cell activation through a β2AR/β-arrestin2-dependent but cAMP/PKA independent pathway.
Effect of copper on survival and osmoregulation in different life stages of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
Creators: name: USMAN, Nuhman
name: IRAWAN, Bambang
name: SOEGIANTO, Agoes
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2013

description: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute toxicity of copper in different life stages of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of sub-lethal copper concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity. In L. vannamei, the increase of the tolerance to copper is apt with the developmental stage. The 24 h LC50 values were low in nauplii and zoeae (between 11.98 and 25.25 µg Cu l-1), and slightly increased in mysis (178.90 to 895.84 µg Cu l-1). In mysis, the 48 h LC50 values were comprised between 84.89 and 368.90 µg Cu l-1. After metamorphosis, the 48 h LC50 increased sharply. Post-larvae 10 (PL10) were less tolerant than PL5 after the exposure to copper for 24 and 48 h. However, after being exposed 96 h, the LC50 of PL10 (1577.37 µg Cu l-1) was higher than that of PL5 (989.9 µg Cu l-1). The most tolerant stage was juvenile. The 24 h, 48 h and 96 h LC50s of juvenile were 8576.58, 6387.65 and 2094.09 µg Cu l-1, respectively. The juvenile of L. vannamei has low ability to maintain hemolymph osmoregulation under copper exposure. After the exposure to 675, 1325 and 2010 µg Cu l-1 at salinity 15, the osmoregulatory capacity of exposed individuals significantly reduced by 70.3, 77.2, and 77.8% respectively compared to control animals.
OLIGOCHÈTES MARINS DES COTES DE FRANCE. I. BASSIN D'ARCACHON : SYSTÉMATIQUE
Creators: name: LASSERRE, Pierre
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1966

description: Marine Oligochaets from the Bassin d’Arcachon area are listed. Seventeen species from the families Naididae, Tubificidae and Enchytraeidae were collected from marine or brackish deposits. The first two families include two genera and two species of Naididae, three genera and four species of Tubificidae. The Enchytraeidae are numerous and include eleven species from four genera. The genus Grania Southern 1913 being previously suppressed as a synonymy is set up again : a more detailed diagnosis is given and is followed by an original systematic key to the four species belonging to this genus. Detailed descriptions of four species of the genus Marionina are fully completing the previous short preliminary diagnosis. A table is summing up the main characteristics used for the identification of the species of Marionina and Grania occurring in the bay.
Testing the universality of free fall with rubidium and ytterbium in a very large baseline atom interferometer
Creators: name: Hartwig, Jonas
name: Abend, Sven
name: Schubert, Christian
name: Schlippert, Dennis
name: Ahlers, Holger
name: Posso-Trujillo, Katerine
name: Gaaloul, Naceur
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
name: Rasel, Ernst M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a very long baseline atom interferometer test of Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) with ytterbium and rubidium extending over 10m of free fall. In view of existing parametrizations of EEP violations, this choice of test masses significantly broadens the scope of atom interferometric EEP tests with respect to other performed or proposed tests by comparing two elements with high atomic numbers. In a first step, our experimental scheme will allow reaching an accuracy in the Eötvös ratio of $7\times 10^{-13}$. This achievement will constrain violation scenarios beyond our present knowledge and will represent an important milestone for exploring a variety of schemes for further improvements of the tests as outlined in the paper. We will discuss the technical realisation in the new infrastructure of the Hanover Institute of Technology (HITec) and give a short overview of the requirements to reach this accuracy. The experiment will demonstrate a variety of techniques which will be employed in future tests of EEP, high accuracy gravimetry and gravity-gradiometry. It includes operation of a force sensitive atom interferometer with an alkaline earth like element in free fall, beam splitting over macroscopic distances and novel source concepts.
Four new species of Agaue (Acarina: Halacaridae) from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Creators: name: OTTO, Jürgen C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1999

description: Four new species of Agaue (Acarina: Halacaridae) are described from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, name-
 ly Agaue aliena, Agaue bella, Agaue galatea, and Agaue reichelti. These species, collected from algae, dead coral, and coar-
 se sediment, bring the total number of Agaue species known from Australia to ten and the number of Agaue species known
 from tropical regions to ten.
Analysis of NLRP3 in the Development of Allergic Airway Disease in Mice
Creators: name: Hua, Xiaoyang
name: Koller, Beverly H.
name: Jania, Corey M.
name: Kwan, Mildred
name: Tekeppe, Erin M.
name: Wilson, Justin E.
name: Brickey, Willie J.
name: Tilley, Stephen L.
name: Allen, Irving C.
name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The contribution of NLRP3, a member of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family, in the development of allergic airway disease is currently controversial. Here, we used multiple allergic asthma models to examine the physiologic role of NLRP3. We found no significant differences in airway eosinophilia, histopathology, mucus production and airway hyperreactivity between wild type and Nlrp3-/- mice in either acute (alum-dependent) or chronic (alum-independent) OVA models. In addition to the OVA model, we also did not detect a role for NLRP3 in the development of allergic airway disease induced by either acute or chronic house dust mite (HDM) antigen exposure. While we did not observe significant phenotypic differences in any of the models tested, we did observe a significant reduction of IL-13 and IL-33 in Nlrp3-/- mice compared to wild type controls in the chronic OVA model without added alum. In all of the allergic airway disease models, the levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung were below the level of detection. In sum, this report surveyed four different allergic asthma models and found a modest and selected role for NLRP3 in the alum-free OVA model. However this difference did not greatly alter the clinical outcome of the disease. This suggests that the role of NLRP3 in allergic asthma has to be re-evaluated.
Additional file 1 of Identification, gene expression and genetic polymorphism of zinc finger A20/AN1 stress-associated genes, HvSAP, in salt stressed barley from Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Baidyussen, Akmaral
name: Aldammas, Maryam
name: Akhylbek Kurishbayev
name: Myrzabaeva, Malika
name: Zhubatkanov, Askar
name: Sereda, Grigory
name: Porkhun, Raisa
name: Sereda, Sergey
name: Satyvaldy Jatayev
name: Langridge, Peter
name: Schramm, Carly
name: Jenkins, Colin L. D.
name: Soole, Kathleen L.
name: Shavrukov, Yuri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Fragments of sequences in 3′-UTR region of HvSAP12 gene in two barley parents, Granal and Baisheshek. Figure S2. Position of SNP, primer design, sequences of the Universal probes and SNP-specific primers, and size of amplicons. Table S1. Primers used for semi-quantitative RT-PCR and qPCR analysis of 17 HvSAP genes and two Reference genes including amplicon sizes and oligonucleotide sequences.
(1818) Barclay Henry
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A one-loop test for construction of 4D N=4 SYM from 2D SYM via fuzzy sphere geometry
Creators: name: Matsuura, So
name: Sugino, Fumihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a perturbative check of the construction of four-dimensional (4D) ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) from mass deformed ${\cal N}=(8,8)$ SYM on the two-dimensional (2D) lattice, the one-loop effective action for scalar kinetic terms is computed in ${\cal N}=4$ $U(k)$ SYM on ${\mathbb R}^2 \times$ (fuzzy $S^2$), which is obtained by expanding 2D ${\cal N}=(8,8)$ $U(N)$ SYM with mass deformation around its fuzzy sphere classical solution. The radius of the fuzzy sphere is proportional to the inverse of the mass. We consider two successive limits: (1) decompactify the fuzzy sphere to a noncommutative (Moyal) plane and (2) turn off the noncommutativity of the Moyal plane. It is straightforward at the classical level to obtain the ordinary ${\cal N}=4$ SYM on ${\mathbb R}^4$ in the limits, while it is nontrivial at the quantum level. The one-loop effective action for $SU(k)$ sector of the gauge group $U(k)$ coincides with that of the ordinary 4D ${\cal N}=4$ SYM in the above limits. Although "noncommutative anomaly" appears in the overall $U(1)$ sector of the $U(k)$ gauge group, this can be expected to be a gauge artifact not affecting gauge invariant observables.
description: 109 pages, 2 figures, comments added, appendix F added, final version to be published PTEP
Attenuation of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in the Absence of the Transcription Factor ROR t
Creators: name: Ott, Laura E.
name: Littman, Dan R.
name: Blazar, Bruce R.
name: Serody, Jonathan S.
name: West, Michelle L.
name: Carlson, Michael J.
name: Coghill, James M.
name: Fulton, Le Shara M.
name: Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the most significant complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Previously, acute GvHD had been considered to be mediated predominantly by Th1 polarized T cells. Recently, investigators have identified a second pro-inflammatory lineage of T cells termed Th17 that is critically dependent on the transcription factor RORγt. Here, we have evaluated the role of Th17 cells in murine acute GvHD by infusing donor T cells lacking RORC and as a consequence the isoform RORγt. Recipients given donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells lacking RORC had significantly attenuated acute GvHD and markedly decreased tissue pathology in the colon, liver, and lung. Using a clinically relevant haploidentical murine transplantation model, we showed that RORC−/− CD4+ T cells alone diminished the severity and lethality of aGvHD. This was not found when CD4+ T cells from RORC−/− mice were given to completely mismatched BALB/c mice, and correlated with absolute differences in the generation of TNF in the colon post transplant. Thus, CD4+ T cell expression of RORC is important in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD.
Autoreactive Preplasma Cells Break Tolerance in the Absence of Regulation by Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
Creators: name: Hulbert, Chrys
name: Wagner, Nikki J.
name: Krum, Kristen N.
name: Thomas, James W.
name: Nickeleit, Volker
name: Roques, Jose R.
name: Jones, Shannon Z.
name: Gilbert, Mileka R.
name: Lee, Sang Ryul
name: Gauld, Stephen B.
name: Vilen, Barbara J.
name: Wisz, Amanda B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The ability to induce antibody responses to pathogens while maintaining the quiescence of autoreactive cells is an important aspect of immune tolerance. During activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MFs) repress autoantibody production through their secretion of IL-6 and soluble CD40L (sCD40L). These soluble mediators selectively repress B cells chronically exposed to antigen, but not naïve cells, suggesting a means to maintain tolerance during TLR4 stimulation, yet allow immunity. In this study, we identify TNFα as a third repressive factor, which together with IL-6 and CD40L, account for nearly all the repression conferred by DCs and MFs. Like IL-6 and sCD40L, TNFα did not alter B cell proliferation or survival. Rather, it reduced the number of antibody secreting cells. To address whether the soluble mediators secreted by DCs and MFs functioned in vivo, we generated mice lacking IL-6, CD40L and TNFα. Compared to wildtype mice, these mice showed prolonged anti-nuclear antibody responses following TLR4 stimulation. Further, adoptive transfer of autoreactive B cells into chimeric IL-6-/- × CD40L-/- × TNFα-/- mice showed that pre-plasma cells secreted autoantibodies independent of germinal center formation or extrafollicular foci. These data indicate that in the absence of genetic predisposition to autoimmunity, loss of endogenous IL-6, CD40L, and TNFα promotes autoantibody secretion during TLR4 stimulation.
Additional file 1 of Psychometric validation of the continuum beliefs of mental illness scale (CB-MIS) and its associations with stigma
Creators: name: Peter, Lina-Jolien
name: McLaren, Thomas
name: Tomczyk, Samuel
name: Muehlan, Holger
name: Schmidt, Silke
name: Schomerus, Georg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Régime alimentaire de deux Gobiidae (Pisces ; Teleostei) sympatriques Gobius bucchichi et Millerigobius macrocephalus des Bouches de Bonifacio
Creators: name: BOUCHEREAU, Jean-Luc
name: GUELORGET, Olivier
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1999

description: Diet of two sympatric Gobiidae (Pisces; Teleostei) Gobius bucchichi and Millerigobius macrocephalus from the
 Mouth of Bonifacio.
 Samplings of Gobius bucchichi and Millerigobius macrocephalus in the Cerbicales and Lavezzi Islands Reserve allowed the
 study of the diet of these Gobiidae. The diet range of G. bucchichi is very wide (13 items consumed) and not fundamentally
 different from the one (17 items) described in Banyuls-sur-Mer. The food indices used (vacuity coefficient, food intake Qn,
 occurrence frequency PP, numerical N and point P percentages) show a decrease of food intake and an increase of empty
 stomachs with increasing size of specimens, suggesting a change in the feeding behaviour of G. bucchichi during growth and
 a change of its position in the ecosystem (place in the water column). The predominance of small preys (copepods) in the
 juveniles stomachs, and of greater preys (decapods, gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, fishes) in those of adults is in
 agreement with these observations. The diet of M. macrocephalus depends on age. It comprises only six types of items, and
 is not so different from that defined for Western Mediterranean. The diets of these two species are fundamentally different.
 However, the presence of sediment and plant fragments in stomachs confirms that these gobies are also benthic fauna and
 seaweeds consumers.
Residual Representations of Semistable Principally Polarized Abelian Varieties
Creators: name: Anni, Samuele
name: Lemos, Pedro
name: Siksek, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80

description: Let $A$ be a semistable principally polarized abelian variety of dimension $d$ defined over the rationals. Let $\ell$ be a prime and let $\barρ_{A,\ell} : G_{\mathbb{Q}} \rightarrow \mathrm{GSp}_{2d}(\mathbb{F}_\ell)$ be the representation giving the action of $G_{\mathrm{Q}} :=\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathrm{Q}}/\mathrm{Q})$ on the $\ell$-torsion group $A[\ell]$. We show that if $\ell \ge \max(5,d+2)$, and if image of $\barρ_{A,\ell}$ contains a transvection then $\barρ_{A,\ell}$ is either reducible or surjective. With the help of this we study surjectivity of $\barρ_{A,\ell}$ for semistable principally polarized abelian threefolds, and give an example of a genus $3$ hyperelliptic curve $C/\mathbb{Q}$ such that $\barρ_{J,\ell}$ is surjective for all primes $\ell \ge 3$, where $J$ is the Jacobian of $C$.
description: Paper has appeared in Research in Number Theory
CD4+CD8+ T Cells Represent a Significant Portion of the Anti-HIV T Cell Response to Acute HIV Infection
Creators: name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Picking, Ralph A.
name: Ferrari, Guido
name: Frahm, Marc A.
name: Kuruc, Jo Ann D.
name: McGee, Kara S.
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Gay, Cynthia L.
name: Hicks, Charles B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Previous studies have revealed that HIV infected individuals possess circulating CD4+CD8+ (DP) T-cells specific for HIV antigens. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and functional profile of circulating DP T-cells from 30 acutely HIV infected individuals and 10 chronically HIV infected viral controllers. The acutely infected group had DP T-cells which showed more proliferative capability and multifunctionality than both their CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. DP T-cells were found to exhibit greater proliferation and higher multifunctionality compared to CD4 T-cells in the viral controller group. The DP T-cell response represented 16% of the total anti-HIV proliferative response and greater than 70% of the anti-HIV multifunctional response in the acutely infected subjects. Proliferating DP T-cells of the acutely infected subjects responded to all HIV antigen pools with equal magnitude. Conversely, the multifunctional response was focused on the pool representing Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR and VPU. Meanwhile, the controllers’ DP T-cells focused on Gag and the Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR and VPU pool for both their proliferative and multifunctional responses. Finally, we show that the presence of proliferating DP T-cells following all HIV antigen stimulations is well correlated with proliferating CD4 T-cells while multifunctionality appears to be largely independent of multifunctionality in other T-cell compartments. Therefore, DP T-cells represent a highly reactive cell population during acute HIV infection, which responds independently from the traditional T-cell compartments.
title: Methane seepage in the northwestern part of the German North Sea
Creators: name:  Römer , Miriam
name:  Blumenberg , Martin
name:  Heeschen , Katja
name:  Schlömer , Stefan
name:  Müller , Hendrik
name:  Müller , Simon
name:  Hilgenfeldt , Christian
name:  Barckhausen , Udo
name:  Schwalenberg , Katrin
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: We studied seafloor characteristics, water column anomalies, and sediment methane geochemistry in the German sector of the central North Sea during a research cruise with the German research vessel Heincke in summer 2019. An extensive hydroacoustic mapping campaign revealed the presence and distribution of flares in the water column, indicative for gas bubble releases as well as for geophysical subsurface indications of elevated gas concentrations. We analyzed the spatial distances of detected flares to subsurface salt diapir locations, seismically identified gas accumulations, and abandoned well sites. Continuous and discrete measurements of dissolved methane concentrations in the water column support the identification of seepage from the seafloor. Our data demonstrate that dissolved methane concentrations in the upper water column were not enriched above the studied well sites. At one area, characterized by the presence of shallow gas pockets, we observed methane concentrations ten times enriched compared to background values close to the seafloor. Our results indicate an active natural seep system in the northwestern part of the German North Sea, which is related to updoming salt structures rather than leaking wells, and further underlines that natural seeps may challenge the identification of potentially leaking wells. Due to the shallow water depths of 30 to 50 m in the study area, at least part of the released methane is probably contributing to the atmospheric inventory. This conclusion is based upon our observations of flares reaching close to the sea surface and a slight oversaturation of surface waters in the flare-rich area.
Cutting Edge: Brazilian Pemphigus Foliaceus Anti-Desmoglein 1 Autoantibodies Cross-React with Sand Fly Salivary LJM11 Antigen
Creators: name: Qaqish, Bahjat
name: Jeong, Joseph S.
name: Eaton, Donald
name: Maldonado, Mike
name: Aoki, Valeria
name: Rivitti, Evandro A.
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Qian, Ye
name: Teixeira, Clarissa
name: Evangelista, Flor
name: Hans Jr., Gunter
name: Gomes, Regis
name: Valenzuela, Jesus G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The environmental factors that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases are largely unknown. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus in humans, known as Fogo Selvagem (FS) in Brazil, is mediated by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies against desmoglein1 (Dsg1). Clusters of FS overlap with those of leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by sand fly (Lutzomyia longipalpis) bites. In this study we show that salivary antigens from the sand fly, and specifically the LJM11 salivary protein, are recognized by FS antibodies. Anti-Dsg1 monoclonal autoantibodies derived from FS patients also cross-react with LJM11. Mice immunized with LJM11 generate anti-Dsg1 antibodies. Thus, insect bites may deliver salivary antigens that initiate a cross-reactive IgG4 antibody response in genetically susceptible individuals and lead to subsequent FS. Our findings establish a clear relationship between an environmental, non-infectious antigen and the development of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease.
Defective Autoimmune Regulator-Dependent Central Tolerance to Myelin Protein Zero Is Linked to Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy
Creators: name: Taylor, Lorelei
name: Su, Maureen A.
name: Fan, Una
name: Bour-Jordan, Helene
name: Valenzise, Mariella
name: Johannes, Kellsey P.A.
name: Cheng, Philip
name: Anderson, Mark S.
name: Shum, Anthony K.
name: Meloni, Antonella
name: DeVoss, Jason J.
name: Davini, Dan
name: Giang, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by peripheral nerve demyelination and dysfunction. How the autoimmune response is initiated, identity of provoking Ags, and pathogenic effector mechanisms are not well defined. The autoimmune regulator (Aire) plays a critical role in central tolerance by promoting thymic expression of self-Ags and deletion of self-reactive T cells. In this study, we used mice with hypomorphic Aire function and two patients with Aire mutations to define how Aire deficiency results in spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. Autoimmunity against peripheral nerves in both mice and humans targets myelin protein zero, an Ag for which expression is Aire-regulated in the thymus. Consistent with a defect in thymic tolerance, CD4(+) T cells are sufficient to transfer disease in mice and produce IFN-γ in infiltrated peripheral nerves. Our findings suggest that defective Aire-mediated central tolerance to myelin protein zero initiates an autoimmune Th1 effector response toward peripheral nerves.
(1819) James McMeel
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates inflammatory disease by its reciprocal effects on Th and Treg cell function via modulating mTOR pathway
Creators: name: Dan, Han C.
name: Wan, Yisong Y.
name: Zhao, Yan G.
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
name: Wang, Yunqi
name: Guo, Zengli
name: Hao, Weidong
name: Gu, Ai Di
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an important derivative of an herb medicine Artemisia annua L., used in ancient China. DHA is currently used world-wide to treat malaria by killing malaria-causing parasites. In addition to this prominent effect, DHA is suggested to regulate cellular functions, such as angiogenesis, tumor cell growth and immunity. Nonetheless, how DHA affects T cell function remains poorly understood. We found that DHA potently suppressed Th cell differentiation in vitro. Unexpectedly however, DHA greatly promoted Treg cell generation, in a manner dependent on TGF-βR:Smad signal. In addition, DHA treatment effectively reduced EAE onset and ameliorated ongoing EAE in mice. Administration of DHA significantly decreased Th but increased Treg cells in EAE-inflicted mice without apparent global immune suppression. Moreover, DHA modulated mTOR pathway, because mTOR signal was attenuated in T cells upon DHA treatment. Importantly, enhanced Akt activity neutralized DHA-mediated effects on T cells in an mTOR dependent fashion. This study therefore reveals a novel immune regulatory function of DHA to reciprocally regulate Th and Treg cell generation through modulating mTOR pathway. It addresses how DHA regulates immune function and suggests a new type of drug for treating diseases where mTOR activity to be tempered.
Additional file 1 of Geospatial estimation of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health indicators: a systematic review of methodological aspects of studies based on household surveys
Creators: name: Ferreira, Leonardo Z.
name: Cauane Blumenberg
name: C. Edson Utazi
name: Nilsen, Kristine
name: Hartwig, Fernando P.
name: Tatem, Andrew J.
name: Aluisio J. D. Barros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy and decisions for each quality criteria.
Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Aegean Sea, mostly epiphytic on algae
Creators: name: MORRI, Carla
name: BIANCHI, C. Nike
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1999

description: The hydroid fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is one of the best known in the world, nevertheless in the Aegean
 Sea this fauna remains nearly unexplored. This paper reports on 31 species collected in the two Aegean islands of Kos, in
 the Dodecanese, and Milos, in the Cyclades. Twenty-two species were collected on algae, chiefly on Cystoseira. Different
 hydroid species occupy specific regions of algal thalli, and different algal species harbour different hydroid assemblages.
 Five species were collected among the fouling communities on oceanographic instruments, eight species on other substrata.
 All the species collected were already known from the Western Mediterranean and showed consistent ecology and depth dis-
 tribution. The present record raises to 67 the total of hydroid species (or subspecific taxa) known from the Aegean Sea and
 nearby waters of Greece and Turkey. This figure is extremely low by comparison with the 379 species known for the
 Mediterranean Sea.
Entropy of non-extremal STU black holes: the F-invariant unveiled
Creators: name: Sárosi, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a manifestly U-duality invariant formula for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the most general 4 dimensional, stationary, asymptoticaly flat, non-extremal STU black holes constructed recently by Chow and Compère. The expression is entirely in terms of asymptotic charges. It involves the "scalar charges" of the black hole which still need to be solved in terms of the dyonic charges and the mass. We discuss how the formula reduces to some of the known results as the Klauza-Klein black hole and the dilute gas limit of Cvetič and Larsen. We give the expected generalization to an $E_{7(7)}$ invariant in the case of maximal $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity.
description: 34 pages, extended discussion of the dependence on asymptotic scalars added
OBSERVATIONS RELATIVES AU DÉVELOPPEMENT AU LABORATOIRE D'EMBRYONS ET D'INDIVIDUS JUVÉNILES DE SCYLIORHINUS CANICULA L.
Creators: name: COLLENOT, Germaine
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1966

description: The tim e elapsed between the laying of the eggs of the Dogfish and their hatching is highly variable and the age of the embryos computed from the day of laying gives an erroneous estimate of their stage of development. On the other hand, body-length measurements are an excellent age-indicator. After hatching, the breeding of the youngs is possible. By keeping them to a
temperature between 13 to 16°C, they measure 95 to 110 mm when hatching, 15 cm when one-year old, 20 to 25 cm at two, 30 to 35 cm at three and approximatively 45 cm at four-years old.
When the embryos reach 35 to 40 mm, the shell button-holes split open and thus allow the intake of sea-water into the egg-capsule. Until then these buttonholes were choked up w ith a mucous stopper, the major components of which being neutral mucopolysaccharides secreted by the A-zone of the nidam entary
gland. In the thickened coat of the yolk stalk and in the external tissue of the yolk sack hyaluronic acid is present.
Inside the yolk stalk lumen, the yolk artery, the yolk vein and the yolk duct are to be found. The yolk artery parts from the coeliac artery, the yolk vein carries the blood back to the portal vein, and the yolk duct is connected to the
intestine and to the internal yolk sack. In the 35 to 40 mm—long and open—capsuled embryos, the yolk proceeds through the yolk stalk towards the intestine where lipids are absorbed and into the
internal vesicle where they are stored. The beginning of the internal epithelium differentiation takes place just after
the splitting open of the egg-capsule when the embryos are 40 to 50 mm in length.
GPR105 Ablation Prevents Inflammation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity
Creators: name: Lazarowski, Eduardo
name: Oh, Dayoung
name: Morinaga, Hidetaka
name: Chen, Ai
name: Kim, Jane J.
name: Talukdar, Saswata
name: Xu, Jianfeng
name: Li, Pingping
name: Olefsky, Jerrold M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: GPR105, a G-protein coupled receptor for UDP-glucose, is highly expressed in several human tissues and participates in the innate immune response. Since inflammation has been implicated as a key initial trigger for type 2 diabetes, we hypothesized that GPR105 (official gene name: P2RY14) might play a role in the initiation of inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. To this end, we investigated glucose metabolism in GPR105 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We also examined whether GPR105 regulates macrophage recruitment to liver or adipose tissues by in vivo monocyte tracking and in vitro chemotaxis experiments, followed by transplantation of bone marrow from either KO or WT donors to WT recipients. Our data show that genetic deletion of GPR105 confers protection against HFD-induced insulin resistance, with reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation in liver, and increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. By tracking monocytes from either KO or WT donors, we found that fewer KO monocytes were recruited to the liver of WT recipients. Furthermore, we observed that UDP-Glc enhanced the in vitro migration of bone marrow-derived macrophages from WT but not KO mice, and that plasma UDP-Glc levels were significantly higher in obese versus lean mice. Finally, we confirmed that insulin sensitivity improved in HFD mice with a myeloid cell-specific deletion of GPR105. These studies indicate that GPR105 ablation mitigates HFD-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and tissue inflammation. Hence, GPR105 provides a novel link between innate immunity and metabolism.
(1820) Peter McKenna
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - XII: The fuelling mechanism of low excitation radio-loud AGN
Creators: name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Patton, David R.
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether the fuelling of low excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) is linked to major galaxy interactions. Our study utilizes a sample of 10,800 spectroscopic galaxy pairs and 97 post-mergers selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with matches to multi-wavelength datasets. The LERG fraction amongst interacting galaxies is a factor of 3.5 higher than that of a control sample matched in local galaxy density, redshift and stellar mass. However, the LERG excess in pairs does not depend on projected separation and remains elevated out to at least 500 kpc, suggesting that major mergers are not their main fuelling channel. In order to identify the primary fuelling mechanism of LERGs, we compile samples of control galaxies that are matched in various host galaxy and environmental properties. The LERG excess is reduced, but not completely removed, when halo mass or D4000 are included in the matching parameters. However, when BOTH M_halo and D4000 are matched, there is no LERG excess and the 1.4 GHz luminosities (which trace jet mechanical power) are consistent between the pairs and control. In contrast, the excess of optical and mid-IR selected AGN in galaxy pairs is unchanged when the additional matching parameters are implemented. Our results suggest that whilst major interactions may trigger optically and mid-IR selected AGN, the gas which fuels the LERGs has two secular origins: one associated with the large scale environment, such as accretion from the surrounding medium or minor mergers, plus an internal stellar mechanism, such as winds from evolved stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters; 5 pages
An experimental test of noncontextuality without unwarranted idealizations
Creators: name: Mazurek, Michael D.
name: Pusey, Matthew F.
name: Kunjwal, Ravi
name: Resch, Kevin J.
name: Spekkens, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To make precise the sense in which nature fails to respect classical physics, one requires a formal notion of classicality. Ideally, such a notion should be defined operationally, so that it can be subjected to a direct experimental test, and it should be applicable in a wide variety of experimental scenarios, so that it can cover the breadth of phenomena that are thought to defy classical understanding. Bell's notion of local causality fulfills the first criterion but not the second. The notion of noncontextuality fulfills the second criterion, but it is a long-standing question whether it can be made to fulfill the first. Previous attempts to experimentally test noncontextuality have all presumed certain idealizations that do not hold in real experiments, namely, noiseless measurements and exact operational equivalences. We here show how to devise tests that are free of these idealizations. We also perform a photonic implementation of one such test that rules out noncontextual models with high confidence.
description: 7+12 pages, 5+4 figures. Comments welcome
(1817) Peter McKeller
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Raabella concinna sp. nov. and Hypocomina obstipa sp. nov., ciliates of the family Ancistrocomidae parasitizing marine mollusks on the Pacific coast of North America
Creators: name: KOZLOFF, Eugene N.
name: NORENBERG, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2013

description: The morphology of Raabella concinna, a parasite on the ctenidia of the bivalve mollusk Pododesmus macrochisma, resembles that of previously described species of the genus in having two sets of several primarily thigmotactic kineties, plus two lateral kineties that probably function mostly, if not entirely, for locomotion. The number of kineties in both thigmotactic sets differs, however, from that of all previously described species. Similarly, Hypocomina obstipa, found on the gill of the rocky-shore form of the gastropod Collisella pelta, differs from H. patellarum, the only other known related species, with respect to the arrangement of its single set of kineties. The history of the genera Raabella and Hypocomina is briefly reviewed.
(1814) George Armitage
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1815) John Henry
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
UN NOUVEL ARCHIANNÉLIDE NERILLIDAE DES CÔTES DE ROSCOFF : MEGANERILLA CLAVATA N.SP.
Creators: name: MAGAGNIMI, Giampaolo
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1966

description: The description of a new species is given : Meganerilla clavata which is to be found in the Roscoff area. The author purposes to modify the genus Meganerilla Boaden diagnosis; a key for determination of genera belonging to Nerillidae family is given.