cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
BRAF AND MAPK PATHWAY MOLECULES FOR TARGETED THERAPY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Creators: name: VERGANI, ELISABETTA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: The clinical activity of the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib) in patients with BRAFV600E mutant melanoma is limited primarily by the development of resistance leading to tumor progression. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance are required. In a panel of 27 genetically characterized patient-derived melanoma cell lines the sensitivity to PLX4032 was dependent on BRAFV600E and independent from other gene alterations that commonly occur in melanoma, such as CDKN2A, and mutations of TP53, PTEN loss, and BRAF and MITF gene amplification. To investigate the molecular basis underlying acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor, PLX4032-resistant cells were derived from a high sensitive BRAFV600E melanoma cell line, and used as a model. The resistant variant line showed increased AKT and ERK phosphorylation and enhanced IGF-1R/PI3K signaling. Combined treatment with PLX4032 plus PI3K inhibitors resulted in significant cell growth inhibition by decreasing pAKT and pERK signaling. To explore molecular mechanisms underlying primary resistance two melanoma cell lines lacking sensitivity to PLX4032 were used as models. Resistance to PLX4032 was maintained after CRAF down-regulation by siRNA, indicating that CRAF is not involved in the activation of ERK in the resistant cell lines. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor UO126 inhibited cell growth and decreased ERK phosphorylation indicating alternative activation of MEK-ERK signaling. Genetic characterization by MLPA and analysis of pTyr signaling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed the activation of MET and SRC signaling, associated with the amplification of MET and of CTNNB1 and CCND1 genes, respectively. Testing of co-inhibition of the MET, SRC and MAPK signaling pathways by the combined treatment with the MET inhibitor, SU11274 or the SRC inhibitor, BMS-354825 plus PLX4032 resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on melanoma cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasive capacity. These results support combinatorial approaches targeting MAPK pathway at different nodes and intercepting parallel signal transduction pathways as a strategy to override resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
Investigating Earth shadowing effect with DAMA/LIBRA-phase1
Creators: name: Bernabei, R.
name: Belli, P.
name: d'Angelo, S.
name: Di Marco, A.
name: Montecchia, F.
name: d'Angelo, A.
name: Incicchitti, A.
name: Cappella, F.
name: Caracciolo, V.
name: Cerulli, R.
name: Dai, C. J.
name: He, H. L.
name: Kuang, H. H.
name: Ma, X. H.
name: Sheng, X. D.
name: Wang, R. G.
name: Ye, Z. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper the results obtained in the investigation of possible diurnal effects for low-energy single-hit scintillation events of DAMA/LIBRA-phase1 (1.04 ton $\times$ yr exposure) have been analysed in terms of an effect expected in case of Dark Matter (DM) candidates inducing nuclear recoils and having high cross-section with ordinary matter, which implies low DM local density in order to fulfill the DAMA/LIBRA DM annual modulation results. This effect is due to the different Earth depths crossed by those DM candidates during the sidereal day.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; in publication on Eur. Phys. J. C
title: Emulating a broadband frequency sweep for Terahertz thin-film imaging
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Amlan Kusum
name: Preu, Sascha
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

description: Conventional continuous-wave Terahertz imaging and thickness resolution systems often rely on the Fabry-Pérot resonances generated in the sample being imaged. As the samples become thinner, larger frequency sweeps are necessary for their visualisation. In this work, we demonstrate a post-processing technique employing zero-padding of a smaller frequency sweep between frequency intervals as low as 10 GHz up to intervals of 200 GHz, conducted between 0.6-0.8 THz, to emulate the thickness resolution generally achieved by orders of magnitude larger frequency ranges.
Additional file 1 of Determining the benefits and drawbacks of parents using personal connections and social networks for recruitment in research projects: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Kim, Laesa
name: Costello, Carrie
name: Golding, Michael A.
name: Janse van Rensburg, Chloé
name: Protudjer, Jennifer L. P.
name: Wittmeier, Kristy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. GRIPP 2 short form.
BRG1 directly regulates nucleosome structure and chromatin looping of the α globin locus to activate transcription
Creators: name: Bultman, Scott J.
name: Bresnick, Emery H.
name: Kim, Shin Il
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: α globin expression must be regulated properly to prevent the occurrence of α-thalassemias, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding the mechanism of transcriptional activation. Identifying factors that regulate chromatin structure of the endogenous α globin locus in developing erythroblasts will provide important mechanistic insight. Here, we demonstrate that the BRG1 catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF-related complexes co-immunoprecipitates with GATA-1 and EKLF in murine fetal liver cells in vivo and is recruited to the far-upstream major-regulatory element (MRE) and α2 promoter. Furthermore, based on our analysis of Brg1null/ENU1 mutant mice, BRG1 regulates DNase I sensitivity, H3ac, and H3K4me2 but not CpG methylation at both sites. Most importantly, BRG1 is required for chromatin loop formation between the MRE and α2 promoter and for maximal RNA Polymerase II occupancy at the α2 promoter. Consequently, Brg1 mutants express α globin mRNA at only 5–10% of wild-type levels and die at mid-gestation. These data identify BRG1 as a chromatin-modifying factor required for nucleosome remodeling and transcriptional activation of the α globin locus. These data also demonstrate that chromatin looping between the MRE and α2 promoter is required as part of the transcriptional activation mechanism.
Clustering and pattern formation in chemorepulsive active colloids
Creators: name: Liebchen, Benno
name: Marenduzzo, Davide
name: Pagonabarraga, Ignacio
name: Cates, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that migration away from self-produced chemicals (chemorepulsion) generates a generic route to clustering and pattern formation among self-propelled colloids. The clustering instability can be caused either by anisotropic chemical production, or by a delayed orientational response to changes of the chemical environment. In each case, chemorepulsion creates clusters of a self-limiting area which grows linearly with self-propulsion speed. This agrees with recent observations of dynamic clusters in Janus colloids (albeit not yet known to be chemorepulsive). More generally, our results could inform design principles for the self-assembly of chemorepulsive synthetic swimmers and/or bacteria into nonequilibrium patterns.
Supplemental Tables and Figures from Phagocyte chase behaviours: discrimination between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by amoebae
Creators: name: Rashidi, Ghazal
name: Ostrowski, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Detailed methods, Tables S1 and S2, Figures S1 and S2
Valley coupling in finite-length metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Izumida, W.
name: Okuyama, R.
name: Saito, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Degeneracy of discrete energy levels of finite-length, metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes depends on type of nanotubes, boundary condition, length of nanotubes and spin-orbit interaction. Metal-1 nanotubes, in which two non-equivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone have different orbital angular momenta with respect to the tube axis, exhibits nearly fourfold degeneracy and small lift of the degeneracy by the spin-orbit interaction reflecting the decoupling of two valleys in the eigenfunctions. In metal-2 nanotubes, in which the two valleys have the same orbital angular momentum, vernier-scale-like spectra appear for boundaries of orthogonal-shaped edge or cap-termination reflecting the strong valley coupling and the asymmetric velocities of the Dirac states. Lift of the fourfold degeneracy by parity splitting overcomes the spin-orbit interaction in shorter nanotubes with a so-called minimal boundary. Slowly decaying evanescent modes appear in the energy gap induced by the curvature of nanotube surface. Effective one-dimensional model reveals the role of boundary on the valley coupling in the eigenfunctions.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Dipolar spin-misalignment correlations in inhomogeneous magnets: comparison between neutron scattering and micromagnetic approaches
Creators: name: Erokhin, Sergey
name: Berkov, Dmitry
name: Michels, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In inhomogeneous bulk ferromagnets, the dominating sources of spin disorder are related to spatial variations of (i) the magnitude of the local saturation magnetization and of (ii) the magnitude and/or direction of the magnetic anisotropy field. For the particular example of a porous ferromagnet, where the magnetization inhomogeneity is at maximum, we demonstrate, by means of experimental neutron scattering data and micromagnetic simulations, the anisotropic character of magnetization fluctuations induced by the dipolar interaction.
Magnetic structure and phase stability of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe3-xGeTe2
Creators: name: May, Andrew F.
name: Calder, Stuart
name: Cantoni, Claudia
name: Cao, Huibo
name: McGuire, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic structure and phase diagram of the layered ferromagnetic compound Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ has been investigated by a combination of synthesis, x-ray and neutron diffraction, high resolution microscopy, and magnetization measurements. Single crystals were synthesized by self-flux reactions, and single crystal neutron diffraction finds ferromagnetic order with moments of 1.11(5)$μ_B$/Fe aligned along the $c$-axis at 4K. These flux-grown crystals have a lower Curie temperature $T_{\textrm{c}}\approx$150K compared to crystals previously grown by vapor transport ($T_{\textrm{c}}$=220K). The difference is a reduced Fe content in the flux grown crystals, as illustrated by the behavior observed in a series of polycrystalline samples. As Fe-content decreases, so does the Curie temperature, magnetic anisotropy, and net magnetization. In addition, Hall effect and thermoelectric measurements on flux-grown crystals suggest multiple carrier types contribute to electrical transport in Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$ and structurally-similar Ni$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$.
description: accepted version to be published in PRB; corrections made, includes Supplemental information
Additional file 2 of Determining the benefits and drawbacks of parents using personal connections and social networks for recruitment in research projects: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Kim, Laesa
name: Costello, Carrie
name: Golding, Michael A.
name: Janse van Rensburg, Chloé
name: Protudjer, Jennifer L. P.
name: Wittmeier, Kristy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Interview guide.
Cooperative activation of the ATR checkpoint kinase by TopBP1 and damaged DNA
Creators: name: Lindsey-Boltz, Laura A.
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Choi, Jun Hyuk
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: TopBP1, acting in concert with DNA containing bulky base lesions, stimulates ATR kinase activity under physiologically relevant reaction conditions. Here, we analyze the roles of the three components in ATR activation: DNA, base damage and TopBP1. We show that base adducts caused by a potent carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), constitute a strong signal for TopBP1-dependent ATR kinase activity on Chk1 and p53. We find that the C-terminus of TopBP1 binds preferentially to damaged DNA and is sufficient to mediate damaged DNA-dependent ATR activation in a manner similar to full-length TopBP1. Significantly, we find that stimulation of ATR by BPDE-damaged DNA exhibits strong dependence on the length of DNA, with essentially no stimulation with fragments of 0.2 kb and reaching maximum stimulation with 2 kb fragments. Moreover, TopBP1 shows preferential binding to longer DNA fragments and, in contrast to previous biochemical studies, TopBP1 binding is completely independent of DNA ends. We find that TopBP1 binds to circular and linear DNAs with comparable affinities and that these DNA forms elicit the same level of TopBP1-dependent ATR activation. Taken together, these findings suggest a cooperative activation mechanism for the ATR checkpoint kinase by TopBP1 and damaged DNA.
Universally Finite Gravitational & Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Modesto, Leonardo
name: Rachwal, Leslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that standard gauge theories are renormalizable in D=4 while Einstein gravity is renormalizable in D=2. This is where the research in the field of two derivatives theories is currently standing. We hereby present a class of weakly non-local higher derivative gravitational and gauge theories universally consistent at quantum level in any spacetime dimension. These theories are unitary (ghost-free) and perturbatively renormalizable. Moreover, we can always find a simple extension of these theories that is super-renormalizable or finite at quantum level in even and odd spacetime dimensions. Finally, we propose a super-renormalizable or finite theory for gravity coupled to matter laying the groundwork for a "finite standard model of particle physics" and/or a grand unified theory of all fundamental interactions.
description: 19 pages
Living on the edge: transfer and traffic of E. coli in a confined flow
Creators: name: Figueroa-Morales, Nuris
name: Miño, Gastón
name: Rivera, Aramis
name: Caballero, Rogelio
name: Clément, Eric
name: Altshuler, Ernesto
name: Lindner, Anke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantitatively study the transport of E. coli near the walls of confined microfluidic channels, and in more detail along the edges formed by the interception of two perpendicular walls. Our experiments establish the connection between bacteria motion at the flat surface and at the edges and demonstrate the robustness of the upstream motion at the edges. Upstream migration of E. coli at the edges is possible at much larger flow rates compared to motion at the flat surfaces. Interestingly, the bacteria speed at the edges mainly results from collisions between bacteria moving along this single line. We show that upstream motion not only takes place at the edge but also in an "edge boundary layer" whose size varies with the applied flow rate. We quantify the bacteria fluxes along the bottom walls and the edges and show that they result from both the transport velocity of bacteria and the decrease of surface concentration with increasing flow rate due to erosion processes. We rationalize our findings as a function of the local variations of the shear rate in the rectangular channels and hydrodynamic attractive forces between bacteria and walls.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Sustainable biodiesel production from Cassia javanica oil with eggshell-derived catalyst: optimization, engine performance, and emission study
Creators: name: Karthikeyan, M.
name: Sathish, S.
name: Renita, A. Annam
name: Prabu, D.
name: Soosai, Michael Rahul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: As global energy demand rises, it is crucial to explore sustainable alternatives. Biodiesel emerges as a safe, reusable, and eco-friendly energy source. It offers a greener option to petro-diesel while maintaining reliable performance. This study focuses on producing biodiesel from novel non edible feedstock Cassia javanica seeds. It uses a calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst derived from eggshells. CaO, a highly active base catalyst, was confirmed through various analyses. Using Cassia javanica seed oil as a source of non-edible methyl ester, this study optimizes transesterification parameters. A yield of 90.14% was achieved by transesterifying Cassia javanica oil at 60°C with 2% catalyst and 15:1 methanol to oil ratio. Based on the results, Cassia javanica methyl esters were found to conform to ASTM D6751 and EN 14,214 standard specifications, with kinematic viscosity of 3.556 mm2/s and acid value of 0.41 mg KOH/g, cloud point of −4°C, pour point of −2°C, flash point of 148°C and cetane index of 59 min. The biodiesel properties were also estimated. Tests revealed that blends had lower emissions and improved engine performance compared to pure fuel. Higher blends showed better engine performance. The B20 blend was found to be the most effective. It enhances engine performance and reduces emissions. C. javanica could be a viable source of biodiesel production and engine operation. As a result of sensitivity analyses, NPV varied with feedstock costs and biodiesel selling prices. In India, interventions are needed to make B20 policy based on second-generation technology profitable. The policy with feedstocks from the second generation of technology is technically viable, but interventions are needed to make it economically viable.
Supplementary materials from Determination of donepezil in spiked rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
Creators: name: Fardous A. Fattah
name: Pakinaz Y. Khashaba
name: Shahin, Reem Y.
name: El-Wekil, Mohamed M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 30199 Analytical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to develop sensitive, accurate, reproducible and robust RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection for estimation of donepezil (DZ) in rabbit plasma using silodosin as the internal standard (IS). The prepared samples were quantified on reversed phase column Luna C18(2) (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) operated at room temperature using the mobile phase consisting of methanol: 0.1% acetic acid (50 : 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The method was fully validated according to bioanalytical validation guidelines of FDA in terms of system suitability, selectivity, sensitivity, precision and stability. It was found that the increase in peak areas followed the increase of DZ concentration in the range of 2.56–200.00 ng ml−1 with LOD of 0.85 ng ml−1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of DZ in rabbit plasma using manual shaking dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction.
Estradiol-regulated microRNAs control estradiol response in breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Nakshatri, Harikrishna
name: Thomson, Michael J.
name: Bhat-Nakshatri, Poornima
name: Carroll, Jason S.
name: Liu, Yunlong
name: Hammond, Scott
name: Srour, Edward F.
name: Wang, Guohua
name: Geistlinger, Tim R.
name: Collins, Nikail R.
name: Brown, Myles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Estradiol (E2) regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level by functioning as a ligand for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). E2-inducible proteins c-Myc and E2Fs are required for optimal ERα activity and secondary estrogen responses, respectively. We show that E2 induces 21 microRNAs and represses seven microRNAs in MCF-7 breast cancer cells; these microRNAs have the potential to control 420 E2-regulated and 757 non-E2-regulated mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. The serine/threonine kinase, AKT, alters E2-regulated expression of microRNAs. E2 induced the expression of eight Let-7 family members, miR-98 and miR-21 microRNAs; these microRNAs reduced the levels of c-Myc and E2F2 proteins. Dicer, a ribonuclease III enzyme required for microRNA processing, is also an E2-inducible gene. Several E2-regulated microRNA genes are associated with ERα-binding sites or located in the intragenic region of estrogen-regulated genes. We propose that the clinical course of ERα-positive breast cancers is dependent on the balance between E2-regulated tumor-suppressor microRNAs and oncogenic microRNAs. Additionally, our studies reveal a negative-regulatory loop controlling E2 response through microRNAs as well as differences in E2-induced transcriptome and proteome.
ОҒИР МЕТАЛЛАР БИЛАН СУНЪИЙ ИФЛОСЛАНТИРИЛГАН ТИПИК БЎЗ ТУПРОҚЛАРДА ПАРВАРИШЛАНГАН ЎРИК ВА ШАФТОЛИ ДАРАХТИ БАРГЛАРИДА ОҒИР МЕТАЛЛАР БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯСИ
Creators: name: Жўраев, Охунжон
name: Каримов, Хусниддин
name: Оллоёров, Турдимурод
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Назорат варианти типик бўз тупроғига нисбатан оғир металлар (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr) билан 3 ва 5 баробар юқори миқдорда сунъий ифлослантирилган тупроқларда парваришланган ўрикнинг "Субхоний" ва шафтолининг "Муяссар" нави ёш дарахтлари баргида оғир металлар биоаккумуляцияси ўрганилган.
Importance of randomization in microarray experimental designs with Illumina platforms
Creators: name: Muñoz, Gloria
name: Churchill G.A., Gary A.
name: Pomp, Daniel
name: Verdugo, Ricardo A.
name: Deschepper, Christian F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Measurements of gene expression from microarray experiments are highly dependent on experimental design. Systematic noise can be introduced into the data at numerous steps. On Illumina BeadChips, multiple samples are assayed in an ordered series of arrays. Two experiments were performed using the same samples but different hybridization designs. An experiment confounding genotype with BeadChip and treatment with array position was compared to another experiment in which these factors were randomized to BeadChip and array position. An ordinal effect of array position on intensity values was observed in both experiments. We demonstrate that there is increased rate of false-positive results in the confounded design and that attempts to correct for confounded effects by statistical modeling reduce power of detection for true differential expression. Simple analysis models without post hoc corrections provide the best results possible for a given experimental design. Normalization improved differential expression testing in both experiments but randomization was the most important factor for establishing accurate results. We conclude that lack of randomization cannot be corrected by normalization or by analytical methods. Proper randomization is essential for successful microarray experiments.
RUMD: A general purpose molecular dynamics package optimized to utilize GPU hardware down to a few thousand particles
Creators: name: Bailey, Nicholas P.
name: Ingebrigtsen, Trond S.
name: Hansen, Jesper Schmidt
name: Veldhorst, Arno A.
name: Bøhling, Lasse
name: Lemarchand, Claire A.
name: Olsen, Andreas E.
name: Bacher, Andreas K.
name: Costigliola, Lorenzo
name: Pedersen, Ulf R.
name: Larsen, Heine
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RUMD is a general purpose, high-performance molecular dynamics (MD) simulation package running on graphical processing units (GPU's). RUMD addresses the challenge of utilizing the many-core nature of modern GPU hardware when simulating small to medium system sizes (roughly from a few thousand up to hundred thousand particles). It has a performance that is comparable to other GPU-MD codes at large system sizes and substantially better at smaller sizes.RUMD is open-source and consists of a library written in C++ and the CUDA extension to C, an easy-to-use Python interface, and a set of tools for set-up and post-simulation data analysis. The paper describes RUMD's main features, optimizations and performance benchmarks.
description: 22 pages. Resubmission to SciPost Physics
Algorithmic Analysis of Edge Ranking and Profiling for MTF Determination of an Imaging System
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Poorna Banerjee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Edge detection is one of the most principal techniques for detecting discontinuities in the gray levels of image pixels. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is one of the main criteria for assessing imaging quality and is a parameter frequently used for measuring the sharpness of an imaging system. In order to determine the MTF, it is essential to determine the best edge from the target image so that an edge profile can be developed and then the line spread function and hence the MTF, can be computed accordingly. For regular image sizes, the human visual system is adept enough to identify suitable edges from the image. But considering huge image datasets, such as those obtained from satellites, the image size may range in few gigabytes and in such a case, manual inspection of images for determination of the best suitable edge is not plausible and hence, edge profiling tasks have to be automated. This paper presents a novel, yet simple, algorithm for edge ranking and detection from image data-sets for MTF computation, which is ideal for automation on vectorised graphical processing units.
description: 3 pages, Published with International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT), Volume-23 Number-1, 2015
QUE SON LOS ORBS Y SU ORIGEN
Creators: name: Valdes, Jorge Diaz-Crespo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010

description: Durante mucho tiempo miles de personas estuvieron fotografiando pequeñas esferas con sus cámaras, estas esferas causaron gran impacto y empezaron a divulgarse miles de rumores y mitos sobre estas mismas. Realmente estas esferas tienen más de lo que parece y es que son un sistema de reproducción muy eficiente, son más que simples esferitas blancas. Muchas personas y científicos así como profesionales de la fotografía, afirma que se trata solo de pequeñas partículas de polvo, pero en esta investigación se analiza con profundidad estas partículas y su desarrollo. Además se pone en práctica los métodos de visualización de las mismas así como su comportamiento. Todavía no se consigue entender el por que de su comportamiento y el por que su aparición en estos últimos años. Tampoco se sabe cual es el efecto que causaran y si solo se trata de simples esferas o de algún tipo de bacteria o sistema energético. Los nombres que se mencionan sobre estas esferas, son bautizados por el autor de esta investigación. A los orbs se les llamara Bosson de duplicidad, y descubriremos una nueva partícula llamada la partícula activa. Primero empezaremos averiguando que es el Bosson de duplicidad. O bien conocido como ORBS / ORBE.
Global constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in effective field theory approach
Creators: name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Gonzalez-Alonso, Martin
name: Greljo, Admir
name: Marzocca, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined analysis of LHC Higgs data (signal strengths) together with LEP-2 WW production measurements. To characterize possible deviations from the Standard Model (SM) predictions, we employ the framework of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) where the SM is extended by higher-dimensional operators suppressed by the mass scale of new physics $Λ$. The analysis is performed consistently at the order $Λ^{-2}$ in the EFT expansion keeping all the relevant operators. While the two data sets suffer from flat directions, together they impose stringent model-independent constraints on the anomalous triple gauge couplings. As a side product, we provide the results of the combined fit in different EFT bases.
description: 7 pages. v2: References and clarifications added
Additional file 3 of Determining the benefits and drawbacks of parents using personal connections and social networks for recruitment in research projects: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Kim, Laesa
name: Costello, Carrie
name: Golding, Michael A.
name: Janse van Rensburg, Chloé
name: Protudjer, Jennifer L. P.
name: Wittmeier, Kristy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Additional family demographic information (n=15).
Integrated study of copy number states and genotype calls using high-density SNP arrays
Creators: name: Wright, Fred A.
name: Nordgard, Silje H.
name: Kristensen, Vessela N.
name: Sun, Wei
name: Van Loo, Peter
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Tang, Zhengzheng
name: Yu, Tianwei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We propose a statistical framework, named genoCN, to simultaneously dissect copy number states and genotypes using high-density SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) arrays. There are at least two types of genomic DNA copy number differences: copy number variations (CNVs) and copy number aberrations (CNAs). While CNVs are naturally occurring and inheritable, CNAs are acquired somatic alterations most often observed in tumor tissues only. CNVs tend to be short and more sparsely located in the genome compared with CNAs. GenoCN consists of two components, genoCNV and genoCNA, designed for CNV and CNA studies, respectively. In contrast to most existing methods, genoCN is more flexible in that the model parameters are estimated from the data instead of being decided a priori. GenoCNA also incorporates two important strategies for CNA studies. First, the effects of tissue contamination are explicitly modeled. Second, if SNP arrays are performed for both tumor and normal tissues of one individual, the genotype calls from normal tissue are used to study CNAs in tumor tissue. We evaluated genoCN by applications to 162 HapMap individuals and a brain tumor (glioblastoma) dataset and showed that our method can successfully identify both types of copy number differences and produce high-quality genotype calls.
title: Der dreifache Kampf von berufstätigen Brustkrebspatientinnen
title: The triple battle of breast cancer patients
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dhom-Zimmermann, Sabine
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: Psychosoziale Belastung
subject: Soziale Dimension von Krankheit
subject: Materielle Unsicherheit
subject: Brustkrebs
subject: Berufstätigkeit
subject: Soziale Arbeit
subject: Onkologische Rehabilitation
subject: Psychosocial burden
subject: Social dimension of disease
subject: Material uncertainty
subject: Breast cancer
subject: Occupation
subject: Social work
subject: Oncological rehabilitation

description: Vor dem Hintergrund der beruflichen Tätigkeit als leitende Sozialarbeiterin in einer onkologischen Rehabilitationsklinik und in eigener Praxis ist die Idee für dieses Forschungsprojekt entstanden. In den Beratungsgesprächen und Gruppen erlebte die Autorin immer wieder an Krebs erkrankte Menschen mit massiven Existenzängsten. Dies gab den Impuls das Erleben von materieller Unsicherheit von berufstätigen Brustkrebspatientinnen in ihrem Krankheitsverlauf zu untersuchen. Zudem wurden die Interaktionen der Frauen im Umgang mit den Institutionen erhoben. Im Hinblick auf das subjektive Erleben wurden narrative Interviews im Kliniksetting durchgeführt und diese mit der qualitativen Forschungsmethode der Grounded Theory nach Strauss und Corbin analysiert und ausgewertet. Die empirische Arbeit ermöglicht einen Einblick in die Lebenswelt, die Interaktion mit Institutionen, die administrativen Anforderungen und den materiellen Kontext der betroffenen Frauen in ihrem Krankheitsverlauf. Das Zusammenführen der Erkenntnisse in die Kernkategorie „Erleben von materieller Unsicherheit – Dreifacher Kampf ums Überleben“ verdeutlicht die Wechselwirkungen der sozialen Faktoren sowie den zahlreichen Herausforderungen und Belastungen der Betroffenen in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eindrücklich, dass die Frauen nicht nur auf der biologischen und psychischen Ebene zu kämpfen haben, sondern auch auf der sozialen Ebene. Die materielle Unsicherheit, verbunden mit massiven Existenzängsten, wird in Einzelfällen subjektiv belastender empfunden als die Krebserkrankung selbst. Der in Saunders Total Pain Konzept zu beobachtende soziale Schmerz zeigt sich in den hier vorliegenden Ergebnissen. Es war ein Anliegen, die soziale Dimension einer Brustkrebserkrankung und ihre Auswirkungen zu beleuchten, um Implikationen für die Soziale Arbeit im Handlungsfeld der onkologischen Rehabilitation zu entwickeln. Ein Ergebnis stellt hier z.B. die Implementierung eines „social sheets“ dar. Dieses Forschungsprojekt möchte zur Sensibilisierung des Themas der wirtschaftlichen Sicherung bei den professionell Begleitenden, wie z.B. Sozialarbeiter*innen, Ärzt*innen und Leistungsträgern beitragen sowie die Konsequenz ihres Handelns bzw. Nichthandelns für die Patient*innen verdeutlichen, um im Praxisalltag unterstützend proaktiv agieren zu können.
Error-compensation measurements on polarization qubits
Creators: name: Hou, Zhibo
name: Zhu, Huangjun
name: Xiang, Guo-Yong
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic errors are inevitable in most measurements performed in real life because of imperfect measurement devices. Reducing systematic errors is crucial to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of measurement results. To this end, delicate error-compensation design is often necessary in addition to device calibration to reduce the dependence of the systematic error on the imperfection of the devices. The art of error-compensation design is well appreciated in nuclear magnetic resonance system by using composite pulses. In contrast, there are few works on reducing systematic errors in quantum optical systems. Here we propose an error-compensation design to reduce the systematic error in projective measurements on a polarization qubit. It can reduce the systematic error to the second order of the phase errors of both the half-wave plate (HWP) and the quarter-wave plate (QWP) as well as the angle error of the HWP. This technique is then applied to experiments on quantum state tomography on polarization qubits, leading to a 20-fold reduction in the systematic error. Our study may find applications in high-precision tasks in polarization optics and quantum optics.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
What do the numbers really mean? Interpreting variety trial results
Creators: name: Kness, Andrew
name: Fiorellino, Nicole
Publisher: name: University of Maryland Extension
Year: 2020
Subjects: variety trials
agricultural research

description: Variety trials are conducted across the US by land-grant institutions to evaluate the performance of commercial seed varieties of many crops, such as corn, soybean, wheat, etc. Farmers and other agriculture professionals use this data to help them choose the best seed varieties for their farming operation. Statistics presented in variety trial reports may be unfamiliar to some stakeholders, which can lead to incorrect conclusions. This fact sheet explains the statistics used in variety trials and how to properly apply the statistics to interpret the data.
Supplementary materials from Determination of donepezil in spiked rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Creators: name: Fardous A. Fattah
name: Pakinaz Y. Khashaba
name: Shahin, Reem Y.
name: El-Wekil, Mohamed M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30199 Analytical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to develop sensitive, accurate, reproducible and robust RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection for estimation of donepezil (DZ) in rabbit plasma using silodosin as the internal standard (IS). The prepared samples were quantified on reversed-column Luna C18(2) (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 µm particle size) operated at room temperature using the mobile phase consisting of methanol: 0.1% acetic acid (50 : 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The method was fully validated according to bioanalytical validation guidelines of FDA in terms of system suitability, selectivity, sensitivity, precision and stability. It was found that the increase in peak areas followed the increase of DZ concentration in the range of 2.56–200.00 ng ml−1 with LOD of 0.85 ng ml−1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of DZ in rabbit plasma using manual shaking dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction.
Structural basis for the sequence-dependent effects of platinum–DNA adducts
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Ramachandran, Srinivas
name: Temple, Brenda R.
name: Chaney, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The differences in efficacy and molecular mechanisms of platinum based anti-cancer drugs cisplatin (CP) and oxaliplatin (OX) have been hypothesized to be in part due to the differential binding affinity of cellular and damage recognition proteins to CP and OX adducts formed on adjacent guanines in genomic DNA. HMGB1a in particular exhibits higher binding affinity to CP-GG adducts, and the extent of discrimination between CP- and OX-GG adducts is dependent on the bases flanking the adducts. However, the structural basis for this differential binding is not known. Here, we show that the conformational dynamics of CP- and OX-GG adducts are distinct and depend on the sequence context of the adduct. Molecular dynamics simulations of the Pt-GG adducts in the TGGA sequence context revealed that even though the major conformations of CP- and OX-GG adducts were similar, the minor conformations were distinct. Using the pattern of hydrogen bond formation between the Pt–ammines and the adjacent DNA bases, we identified the major and minor conformations sampled by Pt–DNA. We found that the minor conformations sampled exclusively by the CP-GG adduct exhibit structural properties that favor binding by HMGB1a, which may explain its higher binding affinity to CP-GG adducts, while these conformations are not sampled by OX-GG adducts because of the constraints imposed by its cyclohexane ring, which may explain the negligible binding affinity of HMGB1a for OX-GG adducts in the TGGA sequence context. Based on these results, we postulate that the constraints imposed by the cyclohexane ring of OX affect the DNA conformations explored by OX-GG adduct compared to those of CP-GG adduct, which may influence the binding affinities of HMG-domain proteins for Pt-GG adducts, and that these conformations are further influenced by the DNA sequence context of the Pt-GG adduct.
Optimizing manufacturing and osseointegration of Ti6Al4V implants through precision casting and calcium and phosphorus ion implantation? In vivo results of a large-scale animal trial
Creators: name: JV, Wölfle-Roos
name: B, Katmer Amet
name: J, Fiedler
name: H, Michels
name: G, Kappelt
name: Ignatius, Anita
name: L, Dürselen
name: H, Reichel
name: RE, Brenner
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ti6Al4V
subject: DDC 570 / Life sciences
subject: Ion implantation
subject: Precision casting
subject: Calcium
subject: Phosphorus
subject: Centrifugal casting
subject: Ionenimplantation
subject: Wachsausschmelzungsverfahren
subject: TiAl6V4
subject: Phosphor
subject: Schleuderguss

description: Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.
Targeted correction of a thalassemia-associated -globin mutation induced by pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acids
Creators: name: Kim, Ki Hyun
name: Kuan, Jean Y.
name: Kole, Ryszard
name: Chin, Joanna Y.
name: Rogers, Faye A.
name: Nielsen, Peter E.
name: Knauert, Melissa P.
name: Glazer, Peter M.
name: Lonkar, Pallavi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: β-Thalassemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the β-globin gene. Triplex-forming oligonucleotides and triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been shown to stimulate recombination in mammalian cells via site-specific binding and creation of altered helical structures that provoke DNA repair. However, the use of these molecules for gene targeting requires homopurine tracts to facilitate triple helix formation. Alternatively, to achieve binding to mixed-sequence target sites for the induced gene correction, we have used pseudo-complementary PNAs (pcPNAs). Due to steric hindrance, pcPNAs are unable to form pcPNA–pcPNA duplexes but can bind to complementary DNA sequences via double duplex-invasion complexes. We demonstrate here that pcPNAs, when co-transfected with donor DNA fragments, can promote single base pair modification at the start of the second intron of the beta-globin gene. This was detected by the restoration of proper splicing of transcripts produced from a green fluorescent protein-beta globin fusion gene. We also demonstrate that pcPNAs are effective in stimulating recombination in human fibroblast cells in a manner dependent on the nucleotide excision repair factor, XPA. These results suggest that pcPNAs can be effective tools to induce heritable, site-specific modification of disease-related genes in human cells without purine sequence restriction.
General Recommendations for Managing Nematodes in Field Crops
Creators: name: Kness, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Maryland Extension
Year: 2019
Subjects: nematode, crops, pest management,
plant pathology
plant disease

description: Nematodes are an economically important pathogen of many crops in Maryland. Significant yield loss can occur if nematodes are not managed properly. This factsheet serves as a broad introduction to nematodes as plant pathogens and serves as a general guide for sampling and managing nematodes in Maryland.
Unconventional decoding of the AUA codon as methionine by mitochondrial tRNA Met with the anticodon f 5 CAU as revealed with a mitochondrial in vitro translation system
Creators: name: Takemoto, Chie
name: Spremulli, Linda L.
name: Yokogawa, Takashi
name: Benkowski, Lisa A.
name: Watanabe, Kimitsuna
name: Ueda, Takuya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Mitochondrial (mt) tRNAMet has the unusual modified nucleotide 5-formylcytidine (f5C) in the first position of the anticodon. This tRNA must translate both AUG and AUA as methionine. By constructing an in vitro translation system from bovine liver mitochondria, we examined the decoding properties of the native mt tRNAMet carrying f5C in the anticodon compared to a transcript that lacks the modification. The native mt Met-tRNA could recognize both AUA and AUG codons as Met, but the corresponding synthetic tRNAMet lacking f5C (anticodon CAU), recognized only the AUG codon in both the codon-dependent ribosomal binding and in vitro translation assays. Furthermore, the Escherichia coli elongator tRNAMetm with the anticodon ac4CAU (ac4C = 4-acetylcytidine) and the bovine cytoplasmic initiator tRNAMet (anticodon CAU) translated only the AUG codon for Met on mt ribosome. The codon recognition patterns of these tRNAs were the same on E. coli ribosomes. These results demonstrate that the f5C modification in mt tRNAMet plays a crucial role in decoding the nonuniversal AUA codon as Met, and that the genetic code variation is compensated by a change in the tRNA anticodon, not by a change in the ribosome. Base pairing models of f5C-G and f5C-A based on the chemical properties of f5C are presented.
Exchange effects in a cold plasma
Creators: name: Ekman, Robin
name: Zamanian, Jens
name: Brodin, Gert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the exchange corrections to linear electrostatic wave propagation in a plasma using a quantum kinetic formalism. Specifically we have considered the zero temperature limit. In order to simplify the calculations we have focused on the long wavelength limit, i.e. wavelengths much longer than the de Broglie wavelength. For the case of ion-acoustic waves we have calculated the exchange correction both to the damping rate and the real part of the frequency. For Langmuir waves the frequency shift due to exchange effects is found. Our results are compared with the frequency shifts deduced from commonly used exchange potentials which are computed from density functional theory.
description: 4 pages, submitted to Physics Review E