cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Accelerator for Rule Induction in Fuzzy Rough Theory
Creators: name: Zhao, Suyun
name: Dai, Zhigang
name: Wang, Xizhao
name: Ni, Peng
name: Luo, Hengheng
name: Chen, Hong
name: Li, Cuiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rule-based classifier, that extract a subset of induced rules to efficiently learn/mine while preserving the discernibility information, plays a crucial role in human-explainable artificial intelligence. However, in this era of big data, rule induction on the whole datasets is computationally intensive. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no known method focusing on accelerating rule induction has been reported. This is first study to consider the acceleration technique to reduce the scale of computation in rule induction. We propose an accelerator for rule induction based on fuzzy rough theory; the accelerator can avoid redundant computation and accelerate the building of a rule classifier. First, a rule induction method based on consistence degree, called Consistence-based Value Reduction (CVR), is proposed and used as basis to accelerate. Second, we introduce a compacted search space termed Key Set, which only contains the key instances required to update the induced rule, to conduct value reduction. The monotonicity of Key Set ensures the feasibility of our accelerator. Third, a rule-induction accelerator is designed based on Key Set, and it is theoretically guaranteed to display the same results as the unaccelerated version. Specifically, the rank preservation property of Key Set ensures consistency between the rule induction achieved by the accelerator and the unaccelerated method. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed accelerator can perform remarkably faster than the unaccelerated rule-based classifier methods, especially on datasets with numerous instances.
description: 15 pages,9 figures
The Structure of Phase Diagrams in Matter-Radiation Systems
Creators: name: Nahmad-Achar, Eduardo
name: Cordero, Sergio
name: López-Peña, Ramón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the structure of phase diagrams for matter-radiation systems, based on the use of coherent states and the catastrophe formalism, that compares very well with the exact quantum solutions as well as providing analytical expressions. Emphasis is made on $2$- and $3$-level systems, but in general $n$-level systems in the presence of $\ell$ electromagnetic modes are described. Due to the infinite-dimensional nature of the Hilbert space, and using the results of the analyses and the behaviour of the solutions, we construct a sequence of ever-approximating reduced bases, which make possible the study of larger systems both, in the number of atoms and in the number of excitations. These studies are of importance in fundamental quantum optics, quantum information, and quantum cryptography scenarios.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Neseuterpia curvipes Villiers 1980
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Neseuterpia
Neseuterpia curvipes

description: 2. Neseuterpia curvipes Villiers, 1980
Type locality — Guadeloupe, Faux­Piton de Bouillante. (MNHN). Distribution — Guadeloupe, Dominica.
 Neseuterpia curvipes Villiers, 1980a: 89, figs. 2­4; 1980c: 564, figs. 87­89; Chalumeau, 1983: 221; Chemsak et al., 1992: 143 (cat.). 221; Chalumeau & Touroult, 2005: 156, fig. 2.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Broadband spectral analysis of Mrk 926 using multi-epoch X-ray observations
Creators: name: Chalise, S.
name: Lohfink, A. M.
name: Chauhan, J.
name: Russell, T. D.
name: Buisson, D. J. K.
name: Mallick, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray spectra of some active galactic nuclei (AGN) show a soft X-ray excess, emission in excess to the extrapolated primary X-ray continuum below 2 keV. Recent studies have shown that this soft excess can be described well as originating from either a relativistic ionized reflection, the extreme blurring of the reprocessed emission from the innermost region of the accretion disk, or Comptonization from an optically thick and warm region called the 'warm corona', in which electron scattering is the dominant source of opacity. To constrain the origin of the soft excess in the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 926, we carry out an multi-epoch X-ray spectral study using observations from Suzaku (2009), XMM-Newton and NuSTAR (2016), and NuSTAR and Swift-XRT (2021). The broadband X-ray spectra of Mrk 926 contains: a thermally Comptonized primary continuum, a variable soft excess, and distant reflection. We find that in Mrk 926 as in so many sources, it is difficult to make a definite statement as to what is causing the observed soft excess. A warm coronal-like component is slightly preferred by the data but a reflection origin is also possible. Using archival radio data, we detect an optically-thin radio component in our broadband study of Mrk 926. While this component is consistent with an optically-thin radio jet, future multi-wavelength observations including high spatial resolution radio observations at multiple frequencies are required to probe the origin of the radio emission in more detail.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 7 - Measuring IFAD’s impact: background paper to the IFAD9 Impact Assessment Initiative
Creators: name: Garbero, A.
name: Garbero, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: IMPACT ASSESSMENT
subject: ANALYSIS
subject: PROJECTS
subject: IFAD

description: In recent years, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has increasingly strengthened its focus on achieving and measuring results. In 2011-2012, resources were invested in the IFAD9 Impact Assessment Initiative (IFAD9 IAI) in order to: (i) explore methodologies to assess impact; (ii) measure – to the degree possible – the results and impacts of IFAD-financed activities; and (iii) summarize lessons learned and advise on rigorous and cost-effective approaches to attributing impact to IFAD interventions. The initiative reflects a recognition of IFAD’s responsibility to generate evidence of the success of IFAD-supported projects so as to learn lessons for the benefit of future projects. This paper describes the IFAD9 IAI and the range of methods that have been identified to broaden the evidence base for the estimation of IFAD impacts, and presents the results from the aggregation and projection methodology used to compute the Fund’s aggregate impact on key outcomes, while also highlighting what has been learned. The results show that there are many areas in which IFAD‑supported project beneficiaries have had, on average, better outcomes in percentage terms as compared to comparison farmers who were not project beneficiaries. Specifically, IFAD-supported projects are effectively poverty-reducing: when choosing durable asset indexes as the preferred poverty proxies on the grounds that they better approximate long-run wealth, findings point to statistically significant gains. Overall, the analyses strongly imply that IFAD is effectively improving the well-being of rural people in terms of asset accumulation, and higher revenue and income. The IFAD9 IAI represents a pioneering research effort, which has tried to overcome the clear challenges of designing data collection and conducting ex post impact assessments in a context where data were scarce, with a view to measuring progress towards a global accountability goal over a very short period of time. Therefore, an important recommendation is that future impact assessments should be selected and designed ex ante, and structured to facilitate and maximize learning, rather than used solely as an instrument to prove accountability.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 8 - Fostering inclusive rural transformation in fragile states and situations
Creators: name: Hussein, K.
name: Hussein, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: RURAL TRANFORMATION
subject: CONGO
subject: HAITI
subject: SUDAN

description: This paper seeks to answer three main questions: (i) What are fragile states and situations and how do they relate to issues of inclusive structural and rural transformation? (ii) In three selected case studies of diverse fragile situations (in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Haiti and the Republic of the Sudan – drawing on IFADfinanced programme and country experience), what have been the key elements of structural and rural transformation and to what extent has rural transformation been inclusive? (iii) In these cases, how does fragility affect the inclusiveness of rural transformation? Which policies and approaches can successfully promote inclusive rural transformation in fragile situations? This paper focuses on the relationships between fragile states and situations and structural and rural transformation in different contexts, and the degree to which inclusive rural transformation can be observed, understood and fostered in such situations. It provides an overview of the relationship between fragility and structural and rural transformation, and then proposes a focus on fragile situations rather than on fragile states. It identifies key issues that affect inclusive rural transformation in a diversity of fragile situations, considering short-term and long-term dynamics. After using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) list of fragile states and economies for the purposes of selecting case study countries for this paper, the paper focuses on a review of rural transformation processes and interventions to support more inclusive rural transformation in three fragile situations in Africa and Latin America: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Haiti (for a summary of factors of fragility in these countries, see Annex 1). The narrative then draws from this analysis to provide an overview of issues for inclusive rural transformation and summarizes a number of key messages to inform policies, strategies and programmes. The paper concludes with eight key messages on fostering inclusive rural transformation and fragile situations. The overall argument of this paper is that approaches to foster inclusive rural transformation in fragile states and situations need to be addressed on a case-by-case basis. It is necessary for development actors to better understand the diversity and distinctive aspects of fragile states and situations, and consequent upon this, tailored approaches are needed in order to effectively support inclusive rural transformation in these contexts.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 9 - Social protection and inclusive rural transformation
Creators: name: Trivelli, C.
name: Clausen, J.
name: Vargas, S.
name: Trivelli, C.
name: Clausen, J.
name: Vargas, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: SOCIAL PROTECTION
subject: RURAL TRANSFORMATION
subject: LIVELIHOODS
subject: ANALYSIS
subject: POLICIES

description: This research paper discusses the interactions between social protection, rural transformation and inclusiveness. The questions addressed are: How does social protection reach and facilitate the rural transformation process? What key social protection interventions can better support inclusive transformation? Based on country-level evidence, the paper analyses how different types of social protection interventions (protective, preventive or promotional) affect rural livelihoods; help rural transformation (by increasing productivity, employment opportunities or non-farm activities); and influence inclusiveness. Each context could either enhance or jeopardize social protection interventions, affecting their transformational and inclusiveness impacts. Social protection represents a significant portion of national budgets (on average 3 per cent of national GDP in a subset of developing countries for which data were available). The resources devoted through social protection do not specifically target the rural poor, but provide relevant resources to poor households and communities more widely. Social protection has shifted from providing traditional social assistance (targeting just the poor) to offering a broader set of complex and interlinked interventions in favour of vulnerable social groups. Although there is not enough evidence available to assess the impact of different combinations of social protection policies and programmes, they can be seen as providing useful tools to help prepare rural populations to take advantage of rural transformation (entry into the non-farm economy, training in specific skills, empowerment of rural populations, protection of the most vulnerable), and to protect groups that could be left behind during such transformation. Social protection could enhance rural transformation and improve its inclusiveness – but such outcomes will depend on the specific context and the combination of interventions, their characteristics, scale and targeting rules.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 10 - Inclusive finance and inclusive rural transformation
Creators: name: Turvey, C. G.
name: Turvey, C. G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: FINANCIAL INCLUSION
subject: RURAL TRANSFORMATION
subject: FINANCIAL MARKETS
subject: CREDIT

description: This paper provides an overview of concepts, issues and research on the relationship between financial inclusion and inclusive rural transformation. When considering how the growth of demand for financial services is related to the broader processes of structural and rural transformation, the evidence shows that agricultural credit provides positive returns, but still with small farm and gender biases. Liberalization of financial markets may not have had the desired spillover effects into rural credit, so there may be justification for public intervention. Effective microcredit programmes might also need to be coupled with outreach and technical assistance in order to achieve desired goals and objectives. In addressing how innovations in rural finance contribute to making access to financial services and rural transformation more inclusive, the report focuses on demand relationships. Farmers who use credit have moderately inelastic to elastic demands. Policies that curb interest rates or otherwise lower the cost of credit may encourage credit demand. Research on risk rationing suggests a behavioural aspect to credit that needs to be considered. Policies that fail to consider collateral and risk may fail if risk-rationed farmers will either not borrow at all, or borrow less than optimal amounts of credit. Policies targeting inclusive finance for inclusive transformation should be targeted towards specific problems. If subsidies are required, they must be smart – in the sense of minimizing market distortions – and are best targeted towards lenders as incentives to increase loans in poverty or underserved communities, women borrowers and indigenous peoples. When markets fail, agriculture governments should consider state-run government-sponsored enterprises. Finally, agricultural lenders, including microfinance institutions, must reconsider their approach to disciplined savings and lending activities. Many farmers with credit demand will not borrow because the payment terms do not consider the risk or match the liquidity cycle of planting and harvesting.
Mirage mediation from the landscape
Creators: name: Baer, Howard
name: Barger, Vernon
name: Sengupta, Dibyashree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rather general considerations from the string theory landscape suggest a statistical preference within the multiverse for soft SUSY breaking terms as large as possible subject to a pocket universe value for the weak scale not greater than a factor of 2-5 from our measured value. Within the gravity/moduli-mediated SUSY breaking framework, the Higgs mass is pulled to m_h~ 125 GeV while first/second generation scalars are pulled to tens of TeV scale and gauginos and third generation scalars remain at the few TeV range. In this case, one then expects comparable moduli- and anomaly-mediated contributions to soft terms, leading to mirage mediation. For an assumed stringy natural value of the SUSY mu parameter, we evaluate predicted sparticle mass spectra for mirage mediation from a statistical scan of the string landscape. We then expect a compressed spectrum of gauginos along with a higgsino-like LSP. For a linear (quadratic) statistical draw with gravitino mass m_{3/2}~ 20 TeV, then the most probable mirage scale is predicted to be around μ_{mir}~10^{13} (10^{14}) GeV. SUSY should appear at high-luminosity LHC via higgsino pair production into soft dilepton pairs. Distinguishing mirage mediation from models with unified gaugino masses may have to await construction of an ILC with \sqrt{s}>2m(higgsino).
description: 25 pages, 19 figures
The MOSDEF Survey: A New View of a Remarkable z=1.89 Merger
Creators: name: Runco, Jordan N.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Topping, Michael W.
name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Kokorev, Vasily I.
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Siana, Brian
name: Zick, Tom
name: Magdis, Georgios E.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Aird, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of a galaxy merger taking place at $z=1.89$ in the GOODS-S field. Here we analyze Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey along with multi-wavelength photometry assembled by the 3D-HST survey. The combined dataset is modeled to infer the past star-formation histories (SFHs) of both merging galaxies. They are found to be massive, with log$_{10}(M_{\ast}/M_{\odot}) > 11$, with a close mass ratio satisfying the typical major-merger definition. Additionally, in the context of delayed-$τ$ models, GOODS-S 43114 and GOODS-S 43683 have similar SFHs and low star-formation rates (log$_{10}$(SFR(SED)/$M_{\odot}/\rm{yr}^{-1}$) $<$ 1.0) compared to their past averages. The best-fit model SEDs show elevated H$δ_{\rm{A}}$ values for both galaxies, indicating that their stellar spectra are dominated by A-type stars, and that star formation peaked $\sim0.5-1$ Gyr ago and has recently declined. Additionally, based on SED fitting both merging galaxies turned on and shut off star formation within a few hundred Myr of each other, suggesting that their bursts of star formation may be linked. Combining the SFHs and H$δ_{\rm{A}}$ results with recent galaxy merger simulations, we infer that these galaxies have recently completed their first pericentric passage and are moving apart. Finally, the relatively low second velocity moment of GOODS-S 43114 given its stellar mass, suggests a disk-like structure. However, including the geometry of the galaxy in the modeling does not completely resolve the discrepancy between the dynamical and stellar masses. Future work is needed to resolve this inconsistency in mass.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Direct observation of orbital ordering in La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{1.5}$MnO$_4$ using soft x-ray diffraction
Creators: name: Wilkins, S. B.
name: Spencer, P. D.
name: Hatton, P. D.
name: Collins, S. P.
name: Roper, M. D.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Boothroyd, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first direct resonant soft x-ray scattering observations of orbital ordering. We have studied the low temperature phase of La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{1.5}$MnO$_4$, a compound that displays charge and orbital ordering. Previous claims of orbital ordering in such materials have relied on observations at the Manganese $K$ edge. These claims have been questioned in several theoretical studies. Instead we have employed resonant soft x-ray scattering at the manganese $L_{III}$ and $L_{II}$ edges which probes the orbital ordering directly. Energy scans at constant wavevector are compared to theoretical predictions and suggest that at all temperatures there are two separate contributions to the scattering, direct orbital ordering and strong cooperative Jahn - Teller distortions of the Mn$^{3+}$ ions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Learning Fair Node Representations with Graph Counterfactual Fairness
Creators: name: Ma, Jing
name: Guo, Ruocheng
name: Wan, Mengting
name: Yang, Longqi
name: Zhang, Aidong
name: Li, Jundong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fair machine learning aims to mitigate the biases of model predictions against certain subpopulations regarding sensitive attributes such as race and gender. Among the many existing fairness notions, counterfactual fairness measures the model fairness from a causal perspective by comparing the predictions of each individual from the original data and the counterfactuals. In counterfactuals, the sensitive attribute values of this individual had been modified. Recently, a few works extend counterfactual fairness to graph data, but most of them neglect the following facts that can lead to biases: 1) the sensitive attributes of each node's neighbors may causally affect the prediction w.r.t. this node; 2) the sensitive attributes may causally affect other features and the graph structure. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel fairness notion - graph counterfactual fairness, which considers the biases led by the above facts. To learn node representations towards graph counterfactual fairness, we propose a novel framework based on counterfactual data augmentation. In this framework, we generate counterfactuals corresponding to perturbations on each node's and their neighbors' sensitive attributes. Then we enforce fairness by minimizing the discrepancy between the representations learned from the original graph and the counterfactuals for each node. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world graphs show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in graph counterfactual fairness, and also achieves comparable prediction performance.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Neseuterpia deknuydti Chalumeau & Touroult 2005
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Neseuterpia
Neseuterpia deknuydti

description: 3. Neseuterpia deknuydti Chalumeau & Touroult, 2005
Type locality — Dominica, Pont­Cassé. (INRA). Distribution — Dominica.
 Neseuterpia deknuydti Chalumeau & Touroult, 2005: 155, fig. 1.
  Nyssocarinus Gilmour, 1960
 Nyssocarinus Gilmour, 1960a: 51; Monné, 1985c: 305 (rev.).
 Type­species — Nyssocarinus vittatus Gilmour, 1960 (monotypy and original designation).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 11 - Food safety, trade, standards and the integration of smallholders into value chains: a review of the literature
Creators: name: Humphrey, J.
name: Humphrey, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: FOOD CONSUMPTION
subject: EXPORTS
subject: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
subject: MARKETS
subject: FOOD SAFETY

description: Current transformations in food consumption and food trade have allowed greatly increased food exports from developing countries and also shifted the composition of exports towards high-value foods that offer better opportunities for smallholder farmers to improve their livelihoods. Transformations in the domestic markets of developing countries are also changing the composition of food consumed and opening up opportunities there. Nevertheless, food safety crises and changing food safety requirements are widely considered as potentially limiting the opportunities for smallholder farmers to enter these expanding markets. In particular, a shift in food safety philosophy towards the introduction of risk-based preventive controls on farms appears to pose a threat to smallholder farmers by creating new requirements for knowledge about food safety, additional investment in equipment and food safety systems, and more intensive linkages between producers and the buyers of their products. Food safety challenges vary considerably across markets and across products. Markets – developed country export markets, regional markets and developing country domestic markets – are changing rapidly and present different opportunities and threats from food safety risks and also the controls introduced to contain them. The food products for which food safety challenges are most prominent are cereals and nuts susceptible to aflatoxin contamination, and high-value fresh products such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy. The use of risk-based preventive controls to address challenges is being extended not only through the extension of border controls, but also through private standards and through domestic controls in developing countries and food importing countries. Increasingly, the pressure is for the food safety systems of exporting countries to demonstrate their capacities to offer levels of food safety protection equivalent to those achieved in destination markets. Responding to these food safety challenges involves developing country governments making strategic choices about establishing a range of domestic standards and facilitating the upgrading of capabilities by smallholder farmers and their inclusion into a range of different markets. With respect to enabling smallholder farmers to gain knowledge about new food safety requirements, invest in food safety systems and increase the confidence of buyers, the well-established mechanisms for supporting smallholder inclusion in markets can make a substantial contribution to limiting exclusion.
Interfacial Thermal Conductance Spectrum in Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations Considering Anharmonicity, Non-homogeneity and Quantum Effects
Creators: name: Xu, Yixin
name: Yang, Lina
name: Zhou, Yanguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacial thermal transport is critical for many thermal-related applications such as heat dissipation in electronics. While the total interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) can be easily measured or calculated, the ITC spectral mapping has been investigated only recently and is not fully understood. By combining nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and atomistic Green's function method, we systematically investigate the ITC spectrum across an ideal interface, i.e., the argon-heavy argon interface. Our results show that the ITC spectrum increases gradually with temperature as more phonons and anharmonic scattering channels are activated, e.g., the vibrations with frequencies larger than 1 THz can contribute 5% (15%) to the total ITC at 2 K (40 K) through anharmonic phonon scatterings channels. We further find that the ITC spectrum from the left interfacial Hamiltonian is quite different from that of the right interfacial Hamiltonian, which stems from the asymmetry of anharmonic phonon scatterings caused by the dissimilar vibrational property of the two interfacial contacts. While all the phonons are involved in the anharmonic scatterings for the heavy argon interfacial Hamiltonian, these phonons involved in the anharmonic phonon scatterings from the argon interfacial Hamiltonians are mainly these vibrations with frequency smaller than 1 THz (i.e., the cut-off frequency of heavy argon). Finally, we find the quantum effect is important for the ITC spectrum at low temperatures, e.g., below 30 K in our systems. Our results here systematically investigate the influence of anharmonicity, non-homogeneity, and quantum effects on the ITC spectrum, which is critical for designing and optimizing the interfaces with better performance.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 12 - An evidence-based assessment of IFAD’s end-of-project reporting
Creators: name: Garbero, A.
name: Carneiro, B.
name: Garbero, A.
name: Carneiro, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
subject: DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
subject: ANALYSIS

description: Project Completion Reports (PCRs) are used by development institutions to tell a project’s story – achievements, failures and learning. As such, they should provide evidence of effectiveness in bringing about development. But is this the case? This article uses a descriptive content analysis approach to assess the extent of evidentiary support presented in IFAD end-of-project documentation. It employs a custom conceptual framework to classify claims about project results found in PCRs based on the results level, presence and types of evidence sources, and themes. Findings show that the majority of claims relate to output- or outcome-level results and are not explicitly supported by evidence. The lack of evidence-based reporting carries implications to the objective measurement of development effectiveness.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 13 - Graduation models for rural financial inclusion
Creators: name: El Harizi, K.
name: Yan, X.
name: El Harizi, K.
name: Yan, X.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: POVERTY
subject: DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS
subject: LIVELIHOODS
subject: MICROFINANCE
subject: POLICIES

description: Graduation out of chronic poverty has recently been receiving considerable attention by the global development community for its potential synergies with social protection, microfinance and livelihoods development approaches to poverty reduction. This paper examines the evidence regarding the effectiveness of graduation strategies in reducing extreme poverty, with a focus on rural households, and proposes a new analytical framework to support future work on graduation as a learning and adaptation process in development practice.
BROADCAST: A high-order compressible CFD toolbox for stability and sensitivity using Algorithmic Differentiation
Creators: name: Poulain, Arthur
name: Content, Cedric
name: Sipp, Denis
name: Rigas, Georgios
name: Garnier, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of any complex dynamical system is described by its state derivative operators. However, the extraction of the exact N-order state derivative operators is often inaccurate and requires approximations. The open-source CFD code called BROADCAST discretises the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and then extracts the linearised Nderivative operators through Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) providing a toolbox for laminar flow dynamic analyses. Furthermore, the gradients through adjoint derivation are extracted either by transposition of the linearised operator or through the backward mode of the AD tool. The software includes base-flow computation and linear global stability analysis via eigen-decomposition of the linearised operator or via singular value decomposition of the resolvent operator. Sensitivity tools as well as weakly nonlinear analysis complete the package. The numerical method for the spatial discretisation of the equations consists of a finite-difference high-order shock-capturing scheme applied within a finite volume framework on 2D curvilinear structured grids. The stability and sensitivity tools are demonstrated on two cases: a cylinder flow at low Mach number and a hypersonic boundary layer.
Nyssodectes dulcissimus
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Nyssodectes
Nyssodectes dulcissimus

description: 3. Nyssodectes dulcissimus (Bates, 1863)
Type locality — Brazil, Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença. (MNHN). Distribution — Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas), Peru.
 Lepturges dulcissimus Bates, 1863: 377.
 Nyssodectes dulcissimus; Gilmour, 1965: 598 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Zukunft der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
The future of development co-operation
Creators: name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Grote, Ulrike
name: Jütting, Johannes
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Grote, Ulrike
name: Jütting, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Development

description: Development co-operation shall be interpreted as any inter-and intrastate allocation of resources (financial, technological, science-related), which aims at the improvement of the present and future living conditions of the poor and disadvantaged. This extended definition comprises publicly provided resources as well as those, which - stimulated by development policy -are mobilized within a country. The necessity of establishing priorities in development co-operation has been reinforced. In order to prevent that development cooperation simply follows policy fashions, criteria are needed for priority setting. Normative criteria for priorities are comparative advantages, complementarity and subsidiarity. Development co-operation should concentrate on fostering democratic structures and the rule of law in developing countries; work towards weakening the conflict potentials between trade and environment and trade and development, respectively by means of bilateral or multilateral co-operation; promote research and the transfer of available knowledge and technologies, which serve the reduction of poverty; and utilize and support the possibility, that independent organizations offer services, for which state and market can only offer sub-optimal solutions, especially in rural areas where most of the poor live.
Two faced Janus of quantum nonlocality
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a new step towards getting rid of nonlocality from quantum physics. This is an attempt to structure the nonlocality mess. "Quantum nonlocality" is Janus faced. One its face is projection (Einstein-Lüders) nonlocality and another Bell nonlocality. The first one is genuine quantum nonlocality, the second one is subquantum nonlocality. Recently it was shown that Bell "nonlocality" is a simple consequence of the complementarity principle. We now show that projection nonlocality has no connection with physical space. Projection state update is generalization of the well known operation of probability update used in classical inference. We elevate the role of interpretations of a quantum state. By using the individual (physical) interpretation, one can really get the illusion of a spooky action at a distance resulting from Lüders' state update. The statistical interpretation combined with treating the quantum formalism as machinery for update of probability is known as the Växjö interpretation. Here one follows the standard scheme of probability update adjusted to the quantum calculus of probability. The latter is based on operating with states represented by vectors (or density operators). We present in parallel classical and quantum probability updates. From this presentation, it is clear that both classical and quantum "faster-than-light change of statistical correlation" take place in mental and not physical space.
Nyssodrysina lignaria
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Nyssodrysina
Nyssodrysina lignaria

description: 9. Nyssodrysina lignaria (Bates, 1864)
Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. (MNHN). Distribution: Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Buenos Aires).
 Nyssodrys lignaria Bates, 1864: 152; Bondar, 1925a: 81 (hosts); Andrade, 1928: 7 (hosts); Lima, 1930: 67 (hosts); 1936: 307 (hosts); Silva, 1936: 25 (hosts); Bondar, 1939b: 63 (hosts); Bosq, 1943a: 25 (distr., hosts); Zikán & Zikán, 1944: 39 (distr.); Bosq, 1945: 53 (distr.); Travassos & Freitas, 1948: 616 (distr.); Lima, 1955: 136 (hosts); Baucke, 1955: 76; Biezanko & Bosq, 1956: 14 (distr., hosts); Zajciw, 1958a: 20 (distr.); Buck, 1959: 607 (distr.); Duffy, 1960: 247 (hosts); Viana, 1972: 389 (distr.); Di Iorio & Fuentes, 1998: 1 (hosts, distr.); Di Iorio in Cordo et al., 2004: 56 (hosts).
 Nyssodrysina lignaria; Gilmour, 1965: 598 (cat.); Silva et al., 1968: 404 (hosts); Zajciw, 1974a: 75 (distr.); Penteado­Dias, 1984: 228, fig. 24 (morph.); Costa & Link, 1988: 541 (biol.); Marinoni et al., 2002: 817, figs. 1­5 (biol., hosts); Monné, 2001b: 24 (cat. hosts).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Aero-elastic tool implemented in a preliminary aircraft design program suite
Creators: name: Kuntzer JP.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Master Thesis

description: The objective of this project was to build a versatile static aeroelastic tool that can be easily integrated into the software suite CEASIOMpy used for preliminary aircraft design. To meet this objective the partitioned loosely coupled approach is used, which means that separated solvers are used to solve the aerodynamics and the structural mechanics parts of the problem. However, this approach leads to the the problem of mismatched meshes. This problem has been solved during this master thesis by building the solver Aeroframe 2.0 that is based on the theory of virtual work. The aeroelastic (also called Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI)) simulations were made using state of the art validated solvers for both the fluid and the structure problem. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers used are the well known high fidelity SU2 solver and the vortex lattice method (VLM) solver PyTornado. Concerning the low fidelity three dimensional beam model, the finite element solver FramAT was chosen. Aeroframe 2.0 is part of a software suite, developed in the framework of the European project AG-ILE 4.0. AGILE regrouping many aeronautics actors that are using each other strengths to push science forward. Working with many actors opened the opportunity to use an external structural finite element solver. This led to a function into Aeroframe 2.0 capable of linking input files generated from a NASTRAN solver used by DLR, which is one of the actors of the AGILE 4.0 project. Coupling two CFD solvers and two finite element structural solvers, all having different mesh types, led to a complicated task. The SU2 solver works with a three dimensional grid, PyTornado with a surface of panels, FramAT uses three dimensional beam elements, and finally the external solver uses three dimensional structural elements. As mentioned above, to overcome this challenge the principle of virtual work was used. Finally the first steps towards validation were made. Comparison of the results obtained from the analytical solution for a straight wing and the solution obtained by Aeroframe 2.0 was done. Both SU2 and PyTornado gave satisfactory results with the finite element solver FramAT. No validation was made for the combination of SU2 with the external solver and PyTornado with the external solver. Only functionality tests were made and are not presented in this report.
Regulatory Impact Analyses of Environmental Justice Effects
Creators: name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental justice
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: disperse pollutants

description: Finding an appropriate way to incorporate environmental justice considerations into policy-making has been a procedural challenge since President Clinton issued Executive Order 12,898 over 15 years ago. Moreover, environmental justice continues to be overshadowed by efficiency considerations as embodied in benefit-cost analysis. This article argues that the environmental justice and benefit-cost policies and procedures in EPA's rule-making can both be improved by bringing them closer together, ultimately improving environmental regulations as well. In particular, environmental justice consideration should be incorporated into Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) by drawing on the much older tradition of incorporating distributional effects into benefit-cost analysis. By providing information on the distribution of benefits and costs of its regulatory actions, EPA would further its environmental justice objectives by providing the information that all groups—including the poor, minorities, and environmental justice communities—need to understand the impacts of a regulatory action. By incorporating such information into its RIAs, EPA would integrate environmental justice considerations into its development of regulations. Finally, by actually allowing the new information to inform the design and selection of regulations so as to better protect disadvantaged groups, adding distributional impacts to RIAs would improve the distributive justice associated with EPA's actions as well as the procedural justice.
Diagrams and the second homotopy group
Creators: name: Forester, Max
name: Rourke, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M20, 57Q05; 20E22, 20F05

description: We use Klyachko's methods [A funny property of sphere and equations over groups, Comm. in Alg. 21 (1993) 2555--2575] (see also Fenn-Rourke, L'Enseignment Math. 42 (1996) 49--74 and math.GR/9810184 and Cohen-Rourke, math.GR/0009101) to prove that, if a 1-cell and a 2-cell are added to a complex with torsion-free fundamental group, and with the 2-cell attached by an amenable t-shape, then pi_2 changes by extension of scalars. It then follows using a result of Bogley and Pride, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. 35 (1992) 1--39, that the resulting fundamental group is also torsion free. We also prove that the normal closure of the attaching word contains no words of smaller complexity.
description: 18 pages 8 figures. Version 2: references added and deduction that the new fundamental group is also torsion free
Quantum Holographic Entanglement Entropy to All Orders in $1/N$ Expansion
Creators: name: Hirano, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study holographic entanglement entropy in four-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant. By using the replica trick and evaluating path integrals in the minisuperspace approximation, in conjunction with the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, we compute quantum corrections to the holographic entanglement entropy for a circular entangling surface on the boundary three sphere. Similarly to our previous work on the sphere partition function, the path integrals are dominated by a replica version of asymptotically AdS conic geometries at saddle points. As expected from a general CFT argument, the final result is minus the free energy on the three sphere which agrees with the logarithm of the Airy partition function for the ABJM theory that sums up all perturbative $1/N$ corrections despite the absence of supersymmetries. The all-order holographic entanglement entropy cleanly splits into two parts, (1) the $1/N$-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi minimal surface area and (2) the bulk entanglement entropy across the minimal surface, as suggested in the earlier literature. It is explicitly shown that the former comes from the localized conical singularity of the replica geometries and the latter from the replication of the bulk volume.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Preliminary Stated-Preference Research on the Impact of LUST Sites on Property Values: Focus Group Results
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Guignet, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: leaking underground storage tanks
subject: groundwater
subject: remediation benefits
subject: stated preference
subject: focus groups

description: The purpose of this research effort is to examine the feasibility of designing a stated preference instrument to elicit the public’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for remediation of leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites (or perhaps prevention of releases). Nearly 500,000 releases have been documented from the over 600,000 USTs nationwide. Approximately 80 percent of these sites have been cleaned up. In the three Maryland counties that are the focus of this and the companion hedonic property value study there have been nearly 400 documented releases in the last 10 years. We report the results from four focus groups and four three-on-one interviews conducted in Maryland. The results of this focus group research provide a foundation for development of a stated preference study of the benefits of EPA’s UST program.