cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Lopsidedness of Present-Day Galaxies: Connections to the Formation of Stars, the Chemical Evolution of Galaxies, and the Growth of Black Holes
Creators: name: Reichard, Timothy A.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Wild, Vivienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to undertake an investigation of lopsidedness in a sample of ~25,000 nearby galaxies (z < 0.06). We use the m=1 azimuthal Fourier mode between the 50% and 90% light radii as our measure of lopsidedness. The SDSS spectra are used to measure the properties of the stars, gas, and black hole in the central-most few-kpc-scale region. We show that there is a strong link between lopsidedness in the outer parts of the galactic disk and the youth of the stellar population in the central region. This link is independent of the other structural properties of the galaxy. These results provide a robust statistical characterization of the connections between accretion/interactions/mergers and the resulting star formation. We also show that residuals in the galaxy mass-metallicity relation correlate with lopsidedness (at fixed mass, the more metal-poor galaxies are more lopsided). This suggests that the events causing lopsidedness and enhanced star formation deliver lower metallicity gas into the galaxy's central region. Finally, we find that there is a trend for the more powerful active galactic nuclei to be hosted by more lopsided galaxies (at fixed galaxy mass, density, or concentration). However if we compare samples matched to have both the same structures and central stellar populations, we then find no difference in lopsidedness between active and non-active galaxies. This leads to the following picture. The presence of cold gas in the central region of a galaxy (irrespective of its origin) is essential for both star-formation and black hole growth. The delivery of cold gas is aided by the processes that produce lopsidedness. Other processes on scales smaller than we can probe with our data are required to transport the gas to the black hole.
description: 39 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, accepted to ApJ. Updated author affiliations
Neutron occupancies and single-particle energies across the stable tin isotopes
Creators: name: Szwec, S. V.
name: Sharp, D. K.
name: Kay, B. P.
name: Freeman, S. J.
name: Schiffer, J. P.
name: Adsley, P.
name: Binnersley, C.
name: de Séréville, N.
name: Faestermann, T.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Hammache, F.
name: Hertenberger, R.
name: Meyer, A.
name: Stefan, I.
name: Vernon, A.
name: Wilkins, S.
name: Wirth, H. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occupancies and vacancies of the valence neutron orbitals across the stable tin isotopic chain from $112\leq A\leq 124$ have been determined. These were inferred from the cross sections of neutron-adding and -removing reactions. In each case, the reactions were chosen to have good angular-momentum matching for transfer to the low- and high-$\ell$ orbitals present in this valence space. These new data are compared to older systematic studies. The effective single-neutron energies are determined by combining information from energy centroids determined from the adding and removing reactions. Two of the five orbitals are nearly degenerate, below $N=64$, and approximately two MeV more bound than the other three, which are also degenerate.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Stability of an Ionization Front in Bondi Accretion
Creators: name: Keto, Eric
name: Kuiper, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical Bondi accretion is used in astrophysics as an approximation to investigate many types of accretion processes. Two-phase accretion flows that transition from neutral to ionized have observational support in high-mass star formation, and have application to accretion flows around any ionizing source, but the hydrodynamic stability of two-phase Bondi accretion is not understood. With both semi-analytic and fully numerical methods we find that these flows may be stable, conditionally stable or unstable depending on the initial conditions. The transition from an R-type to a D-type ionization front plays a key role in conditionally stable and unstable flows.
description: Accepted MNRAS; 8 pages, 5 figures
Thermodynamics of Born-Infeld Black Holes
Creators: name: Chemissany, Wissam A.
name: de Roo, Mees
name: Panda, Sudhakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the horizon structure for Born-Infeld black holes, in the context of Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity. We show that the entropy function formalism agrees with a direct calculation of the entropy. With the entropy function formalism we also obtain the entropy when an axion-dilaton system as well as gravitational derivative corrections are included.
description: Latex, 13 pages, 1 figure, added references
Kekule-distortion-induced Exciton instability in graphene
Creators: name: Dillenschneider, Raoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of a Kekule distortion on exciton instability in single-layer graphene are discussed. In the framework of quantum electrodynamics the mass of the electron generated dynamically is worked out using a Schwinger-Dyson equation. For homogeneous lattice distortion it is shown that the generated mass is independent of the amplitude of the lattice distortion at the one-loop approximation. Formation of excitons induced by the homogeneous Kekule distortion could appear only through direct dependence of the lattice distortion.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
A Non-Fermi Liquid from a Charged Black Hole; A Critical Fermi Ball
Creators: name: Lee, Sung-Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we calculate a fermionic spectral function in a 2+1 dimensional non-relativistic quantum field theory which is dual to a gravitational theory in the $AdS_4$ background with a charged black hole. The spectral function shows no quasiparticle peak but the Fermi surface is still well defined. Interestingly, all momentum points inside the Fermi surface are critical and the gapless modes are defined in a {\it critical Fermi ball} in the momentum space.
description: v3) discussion on the singular nature of the zero energy peak added; to appear in Phys. Rev. D
The Ultraviolet Deep Imaging Survey of Galaxies in the Bootes Void I: catalog, color-magnitude relations and star formation
Creators: name: Pandey, Divya
name: Saha, Kanak
name: Pradhan, Ananta C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a deep far and near-ultraviolet (FUV and NUV) wide-field imaging survey of galaxies in the Bootes Void using Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope onboard {\em AstroSat}. Our data reach $5σ$ limiting magnitudes for point sources at 23.0 and 24.0 AB mag in FUV and NUV respectively. We report a total of six star-forming galaxies residing in the Bootes Void alongside the full catalog, and of these, three are newly detected in our FUV observation. Our void galaxy sample spans a range of UV colors $(-0.35\, \leq$ FUV$-$NUV $\leq\, 0.68)$ and absolute magnitudes $(-14.16\, \leq\, \mathrm{M_{NUV}}\, \leq\, -18.65)$. In addition, {\em Sloan Digital Sky Survey} and {\em Two-micron All Sky Survey} archival data are being used to study UV, optical, and infrared color-magnitude relations for our galaxies in the void. We investigate the nature of bi-modal color distribution, morphologies, and star formation of the void galaxies. Most of the galaxies in our sample are fainter and less massive than L$^{\ast}$ galaxies, with M$_\mathrm{r} > -20$. Our analysis reveals a dominant fraction of bluer galaxies over the red ones in the void region probed. The internal and Galactic extinction corrected FUV star formation rates (SFRs) in our void galaxy catalog varies in a large range of $0.05$ to $51.01$ M$_{\odot} yr^{-1}$, with a median $3.96$ M$_{\odot} yr^{-1}$. We find a weak effect of the environment on the SFRs of galaxies. Implications of our findings are discussed.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Acoustic radiation force and radiation torque beyond particles: Effects of non-spherical shape and Willis coupling
Creators: name: Sepehrirahnama, Shahrokh
name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Chiang, Yan Kei
name: Powell, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustophoresis deals with the manipulation of sub-wavelength scatterers in an incident acoustic field. The geometric details of manipulated particles are often neglected by replacing them with equivalent symmetric geometries such as spheres, spheroids, cylinders or disks. It has been demonstrated that geometric asymmetry, represented by Willis coupling terms, can strongly affect the scattering of a small object, hence neglecting these terms may miss important force contributions. In this work, we present a generalized formalism of acoustic radiation force and radiation torque based on the polarizability tensor, where Willis coupling terms are included to account for geometric asymmetry. Following Gorkov's approach, the effects of geometric asymmetry are explicitly formulated as additional terms in the radiation force and torque expressions. By breaking the symmetry of a sphere along one axis using intrusion and protrusion, we characterize the changes in the force and torque in terms of partial components, associated with the direct and Willis Coupling coefficients of the polarizability tensor. We investigate in detail the cases of standing and travelling plane waves, showing how the equilibrium positions and angles are shifted by these additional terms. We show that while the contributions of asymmetry to the force are often negligible for small particles, these terms greatly affect the radiation torque. Our presented theory, providing a way of calculating radiation force and torque directly from polarizability coefficients, shows that in general it is essential to account for shape of objects undergoing acoustophoretic manipulation, and this may have important implications for applications such as the manipulation of biological cells.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Learning to Model the Grasp Space of an Underactuated Robot Gripper Using Variational Autoencoder
Creators: name: Rolinat, Clément
name: Grossard, Mathieu
name: Aloui, Saifeddine
name: Godin, Christelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Grasp planning and most specifically the grasp space exploration is still an open issue in robotics. This article presents a data-driven oriented methodology to model the grasp space of a multi-fingered adaptive gripper for known objects. This method relies on a limited dataset of manually specified expert grasps, and uses variational autoencoder to learn grasp intrinsic features in a compact way from a computational point of view. The learnt model can then be used to generate new non-learnt gripper configurations to explore the grasp space.
description: accepted at SYSID 2021 conference
Limits on isotropic Lorentz violation in QED from collider physics
Creators: name: Hohensee, Michael A.
name: Lehnert, Ralf
name: Phillips, David F.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility that Lorentz violation can generate differences between the limiting velocities of light and charged matter. Such effects would lead to efficient vacuum Cherenkov radiation or rapid photon decay. The absence of such effects for 104.5 GeV electrons at the Large Electron Positron collider and for 300 GeV photons at the Tevatron therefore constrains this type of Lorentz breakdown. Within the context of the standard-model extension, these ideas imply an experimental bound at the level of -5.8 x 10^{-12} <= \tildeκ_{tr}-(4/3)c_e^{00} <= 1.2 x 10^{-11} tightening existing laboratory measurements by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Prospects for further improvements with terrestrial and astrophysical methods are discussed.
description: Replaced with final version published in PRD
Low-temperature density matrix renormalization group using regulated polynomial expansion
Creators: name: Sota, Shigetoshi
name: Tohyama, Takami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique at finite temperatures. As is the case of the ground state DMRG, we use a single-target state that is calculated by making use of a regulated polynomial expansion. Both static and dynamical quantities are obtained after a random-sampling and averaging procedure. We apply this technique to the one-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling and find that this gives excellent results at low temperatures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
All-order results for soft and collinear gluons
Creators: name: Magnea, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I briefly review some general features and some recent developments concerning the resummation of long-distance singularities in QCD and in more general non-abelian gauge theories. I emphasize the field-theoretical tools of the trade, and focus mostly on the exponentiation of infrared and collinear divergences in amplitudes, which underlies the resummation of large logarithms in the corresponding cross sections. I then describe some recent results concerning the conformal limit, notably the case of N = 4 superymmetric Yang-Mills theory
description: 15 pages, invited talk presented at the 10th Workshop in High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP X), Chennai, India, January 2008
The ground state and the long-time evolution in the CMC Einstein flow
Creators: name: Reiris, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let (g,K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold M with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(M)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume V(k)=(-k/3)^{3}Vol_{g(k)}(M) is monotonically decreasing in the expanding direction and bounded below by V_{\inf}=(-1/6)Y(M))^{3/2}. Inspired by this fact we define the ground state of the manifold M as "the limit" of any sequence of CMC states {(g_{i},K_{i})} satisfying: i. k_{i}=-3, ii. V_{i} --> V_{inf}, iii. Q_{0}((g_{i},K_{i}))< L where Q_{0} is the Bel-Robinson energy and L is any arbitrary positive constant. We prove that (as a geometric state) the ground state is equivalent to the Thurston geometrization of M. Ground states classify naturally into three types. We provide examples for each class, including a new ground state (the Double Cusp) that we analyze in detail. Finally consider a long time and cosmologically normalized flow (\g,\K)(s)=((-k/3)^{2}g,(-k/3))K) where s=-ln(-k) is in [a,\infty). We prove that if E_{1}=E_{1}((\g,\K))< L (where E_{1}=Q_{0}+Q_{1}, is the sum of the zero and first order Bel-Robinson energies) the flow (\g,\K)(s) persistently geometrizes the three-manifold M and the geometrization is the ground state if V --> V_{inf}.
description: 40 pages. This article is an improved version of the second part of the First Version of arXiv:0705.3070
Emission lines of Fe X in active region spectra obtained with the Solar Extreme-ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph
Creators: name: Keenan, F P
name: Jess, D B
name: Aggarwal, K M
name: Thomas, R J
name: Brosius, J W
name: Davila, J M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fully relativistic calculations of radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections for Fe X are used to derive theoretical emission-line ratios involving transitions in the 174-366 A wavelength range. A comparison of these with solar active region observations obtained during the 1989 and 1995 flights of the Solar Extreme-ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) reveals generally very good agreement between theory and experiment. Several Fe X emission features are detected for the first time in SERTS spectra, while the transition at 195.32 A is identified for the first time (to our knowledge) in an astronomical source. The most useful Fe X electron density diagnostic line ratios are assessed to be 175.27/174.53 and 175.27/177.24, which both involve lines close in wavelength and free from blends, vary by factors of 13 between Ne = 1E8 and 1E13 cm-3, and yet show little temperature sensitivity. Should these lines not be available, then the 257.25/345.74 ratio may be employed to determine Ne, although this requires an accurate evaluation of the instrument intensity calibration over a relatively large wavelength range. However, if the weak 324.73 A line of Fe X is reliably detected, the use of 324.73/345.74 or 257.25/324.73 is recommended over 257.25/345.74.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in press
Creation-annihilation processes in the ensemble of constant particle number
Creators: name: Fiore, Carlos E.
name: de Oliveira, Mário J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, in the ensemble of constant particle number, processes in which a cluster of particles is annihilated and particles are created catalytically in active sites. In this ensemble, particles belonging to a cluster of $\ell$ particles jump to $\ell$ distinct active sites. As examples of our prescription, we analyze numerically three nonequilibrium systems that annihilate cluster of particles that are identified as conserved versions of the pair annihilation contact model, triplet annihilation contact model and pair contact process. We show also how to set up the constant particle number ensemble from the constant rate ensemble.
Metagenomic trajectory of gut microbiome in the human lifespan
Creators: name: Rampelli, Simone <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: CHIM/11 Chimica e biotecnologia delle fermentazioni

description: Co-evolving with the human host, gut microbiota establishes configurations, which vary under the pressure of inflammation, disease, ageing, diet and lifestyle.
In order to describe the multi-stability of the microbiome-host relationship, we studied specific tracts of the bacterial trajectory during the human lifespan and we characterized peculiar deviations from the hypothetical development, caused by disease, using molecular techniques, such as phylogenetic microarray and next-generation sequencing. 
Firstly, we characterized the enterocyte-associated microbiota in breast-fed infants and adults, describing remarkable differences between the two groups of subjects. Successively, we investigated the impact of atopy on the development of the microbiome in Italian childrens, highlithing conspicuous deviations from the child-type microbiota of the Italian controls. To explore variation in the gut microbiota depending on geographical origins, which reflect different lifestyles, we compared the phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal microbiota of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and Italian adults. Additionally, we characterized the aged-type microbiome, describing the changes occurred in the metabolic potential of the gut microbiota of centenarians with respect to younger individuals, as a part of the pathophysiolology of the ageing process. Finally, we evaluated the impact of a probiotics intervention on the intestinal microbiota of elderly people, showing the repair of some age-related dysbioses. These studies contribute to elucidate several aspects of the intestinal microbiome development during the human lifespan, depicting the microbiota as an extremely plastic entity, capable of being reconfigured in response to different environmental factors and/or stressors of endogenous origin.
SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0: a candidate massive black hole binary
Creators: name: Dotti, M.
name: Montuori, C.
name: Decarli, R.
name: Volonteri, M.
name: Colpi, M.
name: Haardt, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we explore the hypothesis that the quasar SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 is hosting a massive black hole binary embedded in a circumbinary disc. The lightest, secondary black hole is active, and gas orbiting around it is responsible for the blue-shifted broad emission lines with velocity off-set of 2650 km/s, relative to the galaxy rest frame. As the tidal interaction of the binary with the outer disc is expected to excavate a gap, the blue-shifted narrow emission lines are consistent with being emitted from the low-density inhomogeneous gas of the hollow region. From the observations we infer a binary mass ratio q ~ 0.3, a mass for the primary of M1 ~ 2 billion Msun and a semi-major axis of 0.34 pc, corresponding to an orbital period of 370 years. We use the results of cosmological merger trees to estimate the likely-hood of observing SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 as recoiling black hole or as a binary. We find that the binary hypothesis is preferred being one hundred times more probable than the ejection hypothesis. If SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 hosts a binary, it would be the one closest massive black hole binary system ever discovered.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Citizen representation in neighbourhood improvement programs
Creators: name: Guerrette, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis addresses the issue of representation in planning for neighbourhood improvement. A literature review indicates that critics have argued that citizen involvement establishes a forum for a vocal minority rather than a representative cross section of the community. This research demonstrates the potential for citizen involvement to foster a representative community consensus and it uncovers methods by which this can be assured by a neighbourhood planner. Representation in citizen involvement is explored so that the planning profession can defend this important, yet costly, process. The issue is clarified for the planners who view the idea of participatory democracy as Utopian, yet, still advocate it. Two case studies of the citizen committee approach are undertaken. The elements of the approved neighbourhood improvement programs are examined in relation to the characteristics of the committee, the process undertaken in carrying out the planning task, and the role of the planner. While the location of committee member homes within the neighbourhood influenced the content of the plan, a positive basis for representation was found in various aspects of the planning process and not in the make-up of the committee itself. The role of the planner was instrumental Xn broadening the perspective of committee members by ensuring that many different approaches to citizen involvement were used to dilute committee member biases. In one of the case studies, the planner broadened the make-up of the committee by holding public meetings at various places throughout the neighbourhood so that the planning process could be brought as close as possible to all the people. In that case, the committee evolved a universalistic point of view from an initial strongly particularistic one. These factors all had a demonstrable effect on the plan. Meanwhile, the planner evolved an understanding of the values of committee members which was necessary to facilitate the preparation of meeting agendas satisfactory to all. A partial model for the role of the planner is developed to facilitate a representative process involving mutual learning.
Analysis and mathematical modeling of wave-structure interaction
Analisi e modellazione matematica della interazione onde-strutture
Creators: name: Raosa, Andrea Natalia <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ICAR/01 Idraulica

description: The aim of this thesis, included within the THESEUS project, is the development of a mathematical model 2DV two-phase, based on the existing code IH-2VOF developed by the University of Cantabria, able to represent together the overtopping phenomenon and the sediment transport.
Several numerical simulations were carried out in order to analyze the flow characteristics on a dike crest. The results show that the seaward/landward slope does not affect the evolution of the flow depth and velocity over the dike crest whereas the most important parameter is the relative submergence. Wave heights decrease and flow velocities increase while waves travel over the crest. In particular, by increasing the submergence, the wave height decay and the increase of the velocity are less marked. Besides, an appropriate curve able to fit the variation of the wave height/velocity over the dike crest were found.  Both for the wave height and for the wave velocity different fitting coefficients were determined on the basis of the submergence and of the significant wave height. An equation describing the trend of the dimensionless coefficient c_h for the wave height was derived. These conclusions could be taken into consideration for the design criteria and the upgrade of the structures.
In the second part of the thesis, new equations for the representation of the sediment transport in the IH-2VOF model were introduced in order to represent beach erosion while waves run-up and overtop the sea banks during storms. The new model allows to calculate sediment fluxes in the water column together with the sediment concentration. Moreover it is possible to model the bed profile evolution. Different tests were performed under low-intensity regular waves with an homogeneous layer of sand on the bottom of a channel in order to analyze the erosion-deposition patterns and verify the model results.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Helesfai, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the question how spontaneous symmetry breaking works in the framework of Loop Quantum Gravity and we compare it to the results obtained in the case of the Proca field, where we were able to quantise the theory in Loop Quantum Gravity without introducing a Higgs field. We obtained that the Hamiltonian of the two systems are very similar, the only difference is an extra scalar field in the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking. This field can be identified as the field that carries the mass of the vector field. In the quantum regime this becomes a well defined operator, which turns out to be a self adjoint operator with continuous spectrum. To calculate the spectrum we used a new representation in the case of the scalar fields, which in addition enabled us to rewrite the constraint equations to a finite system of linear partial differential equations. This made it possible to solve part of the constraints explicitly.
description: 24 pages, two appendix. v2 modified abstract, amended each section, 28 pages, two appendix
Quarkyonic matter in lattice QCD at strong coupling
Creators: name: Miura, Kohtaroh
name: Nakano, Takashi Z.
name: Ohnishi, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of quark matter at finite temperature and density in the strong coupling lattice QCD with one species of unrooted staggered fermions including finite coupling ($1/g^2$) effects for color SU($N_c$). We find that we may have partially chiral restored medium density matter at $N_c=3$, which would correspond to the quarkyonic matter suggested at large $N_c$.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Elongated Gravity Sources as an Analytical Limit for Flat Galaxy Rotation Curves
Creators: name: Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flattening of spiral-galaxy rotation curves is unnatural in view of the expectations from Kepler's third law and a central mass. It is interesting, however, that the radius-independence velocity is what one expects in one less dimension. In our three-dimensional space, the rotation curve is natural if, outside the galaxy's center, the gravitational potential corresponds to that of a very prolate ellipsoid, filament, string, or otherwise cylindrical structure perpendicular to the galactic plane. While there is observational evidence (and numerical simulations) for filamentary structure at large scales, this has not been discussed at scales commensurable with galactic sizes. If, nevertheless, the hypothesis is tentatively adopted, the scaling exponent of the baryonic Tully--Fisher relation due to accretion of visible matter by the halo comes out to reasonably be 4. At a minimum, this analytical limit would suggest that simulations yielding prolate haloes would provide a better overall fit to small-scale galaxy data.
Gravitational Geometric Phase in the Presence of Torsion
Creators: name: Bakke, Knut
name: Furtado, Claudio
name: Nascimento, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relativistic and non-relativistic quantum dynamics of a neutral spin-1/2 particle submitted an external electromagnetic field in the presence of a cosmic dislocation. We analyze the explicit contribution of the torsion in the geometric phase acquired in the dynamic of this neutral spinorial particle. We discuss the influence of the torsion in the relativistic geometric phase. Using the Foldy-Wouthuysen approximation, the non-relativistic quantum dynamics are studied and the influence of the torsion in the Aharonov-Casher and He-McKellar-Wilkens effects are discussed.
description: 14 pages, no figure
Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May--Leonard model
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Ferreira, M. J. B.
name: de Oliveira, B. F.
name: Szolnoki, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May--Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describe the mentioned non-transitive interaction of competing species when individual movement is also considered in a spatial system. Emerging rotating spirals composed by the competing species are frequently observed character of the resulting patterns. But how do these spiraling patterns change when we vary the external environment which affects the general vitality of individuals? Motivated by this question we suggest an off-lattice version of the tradition May--Leonard model which allows us to change the actual state of the environment gradually. This can be done by introducing a local carrying capacity parameter which value can be varied gently in an off-lattice environment. Our results support a previous analysis obtained in a more intricate metapopulation model and we show that the well-known rotating spirals become evident in a benign environment when the general density of the population is high. The accompanying time-dependent oscillation of competing species can also be detected where the amplitude and the frequency show a scaling law of the parameter that characterizes the state of the environment. These observations highlight that the assumed non-transitive interaction alone is insufficient condition to maintain biodiversity safely, but the actual state of the environment, which characterizes the general living conditions, also plays a decisive role on the evolution of related systems.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Scientific Reports
title: Puritanism and the emergence of Laudianism in city politics in Norwich, c.1570-1643
Creators: name: Reynolds, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: A prosopographical study, this thesis traces the emergence of religious factions among the governors of the city of Norwich in the decades preceding the English Civil War. Although a celebrated puritan citadel, as established in Elizabeth I's reign, Norwich contained groups dissatisfied with the dominant forms of godly piety. Coinciding with Bishop Samuel Harsnett's efforts to subvert the city's native puritan tradition in the 1620s, prominent lay citizens became attached to a variety of 'avant garde conformity', which matured into a fully-fledged `Laudianism' during the episcopate of Bishop Matthew Wren. The impact of Laudian reform provoked a godly backlash, which rebounded on Wren's lay and clerical supporters during the Long Parliament. However, by examining lay worshippers aligned with the religious ideals of the Caroline church, the following investigation seeks to address current historiographical issues relating to England's unresolved 'Long Reformation' and the complex nature of religious conformity under the first two Stuarts. Finally, a case will be made for Laudianism as a potent force in borough politics during Charles I's Personal Rule. By converting specific laymen to their vision of the church, Caroline divines contributed towards the formation of a Royalist contingency in Norwich, of relevance to the taking of sides in England's localised 'wars of religion' in the 1640s
Mean motion resonances from planet-planet scattering
Creators: name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Barnes, Rory
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Gorelick, Noel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planet-planet scattering is the leading mechanism to explain the large eccentricities of the observed exoplanet population. However, scattering has not been considered important to the production of pairs of planets in mean motion resonances (MMRs). We present results from a large number of numerical simulations of dynamical instabilities in 3-planet systems. We show that MMRs arise naturally in about five percent of cases. The most common resonances we populate are the 2:1 and 3:1 MMRs, although a wide variety of MMRs can occur, including high-order MMRs (up to eleventh order). MMRs are generated preferentially in systems with uneven mass distributions: the smallest planet is typically ejected after a series of close encounters, leaving the remaining, more massive planets in resonance. The distribution of resonant planets is consistent with the phase-space density of resonant orbits, meaning that planets are randomly thrown into MMRs rather than being slowly pulled into them. It may be possible to distinguish between MMRs created by scattering vs. convergent migration in a gaseous disk by considering planetary mass ratios: resonant pairs of planets beyond ~1 AU with more massive outer planets are likely to have formed by scattering. In addition, scattering may be responsible for pairs of planets in high-order MMRs (3:1 and higher) that are not easily populated by migration. The frequency of MMRs from scattering is comparable to the expected survival rate of MMRs in turbulent disks. Thus, planet-planet scattering is likely to be a major contributor to the population of resonant planets.
description: 14 pages, accepted to ApJ Letters
Structural Performance of Laterite soil Stabilised with Cement and Blue Gum (Eucalyptus Globulus) Wood Ash for Use as a Road base Material
Creators: name: Dabou, Balise
name: Kanali, Christopher
name: Abiero-Gariy, zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study examines the effect of partially replacing cement with blue gumwood ash (BGWA) in stabilizing laterite soil to be used as a potential road base material. Initially, Ordinary Portland Cement was introduced to the soil at varying contents from 0 to 12% in steps of 3% by weight of the soil sample. Each wet sample of the soil was subjected to the Californian bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests in determining the optimal soil-cement mix. Results show that CBR and UCS values increased as cement content increased, and a 6% cement content corresponding to a UCS value of 2.88 MPa at 7 days of curing met the specifications of the Overseas Road Note 31 to be used in the construction of road bases. The second treatment involved partially replacing the 6% cement content with BGWA in decreasing steps of 1%. Peak CBR value of 348% at 2% BGWA content (>160% recommended by Kenya road design manual) and UCS value of 2.99 MPa at 7 days of curing were obtained. Thus, BGWA can partially replace cement in stabilizing laterite soil for use in the construction of road bases as per the Overseas Road Note 31 specifications.
description: 8 pages, 10 Figures, Published with International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)
Adding Complex Fermions to the Grassmannian-like Coset Model
Creators: name: Ahn, Changhyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric coset model, $\frac{SU(N+M)_k \times SO(2 N M)_1}{ SU(N)_{k+M} \times U(1)_{ N M (N+M)(k+N+M)}}$, we construct the $SU(M)$ nonsinglet ${\cal N}=2$ multiplet of spins $(1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 2)$ in terms of coset fields. The next $SU(M)$ singlet and nonsinglet ${\cal N}=2$ multiplets of spins $(2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3)$ are determined by applying the ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetry currents of spin $\frac{3}{2}$ to the bosonic singlet and nonsinglet currents of spin $3$ in the bosonic coset model. We also obtain the operator product expansions(OPEs) between the currents of the ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal algebra and above three kinds of ${\cal N}=2$ multiplets. These currents in two dimensions play the role of the asymptotic symmetry, as the generators of ${\cal N}=2$ "rectangular $W$-algebra", of the $M \times M$ matrix generalization of ${\cal N}=2$ $AdS_3$ higher spin theory in the bulk. The structure constants in the right hand sides of these OPEs are dependent on the three parameters $k, N$ and $M$ explicitly. Moreover, the OPEs between $SU(M)$ nonsinglet ${\cal N}=2$ multiplet of spins $(1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 2)$ and itself are analyzed in detail. The complete OPE between the lowest component of the $SU(M)$ singlet ${\cal N}=2$ multiplet of spins $(2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3)$ and itself is described. In particular, when $M=2$, it is known that the above ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric coset model provides the realization of the extension of the large ${\cal N}=4$ nonlinear superconformal algebra. We determine the currents of the large ${\cal N}=4$ nonlinear superconformal algebra and the higher spin-$\frac{3}{2}, 2$ currents of the lowest ${\cal N}=4$ multiplet for generic $k$ and $N$ in terms of the coset fields.
description: 85 pages
Supersymmetric seesaw type II: CERN LHC and lepton flavour violating phenomenology
Creators: name: Hirsch, M.
name: Kaneko, S.
name: Porod, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the supersymmetric version of the type-II seesaw mechanism assuming minimal supergravity boundary conditions. We calculate branching ratios for lepton flavour violating (LFV) scalar tau decays, potentially observable at the LHC, as well as LFV decays at low energy, such as $l_i \to l_j + γ$ and compare their sensitivity to the unknown seesaw parameters. In the minimal case of only one triplet coupling to the standard model lepton doublets, ratios of LFV branching ratios can be related unambigously to neutrino oscillation parameters. We also discuss how measurements of soft SUSY breaking parameters at the LHC can be used to indirectly extract information of the seesaw scale.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures, references and appendix added, minor corrections; final version published in Phys.Rev.D
Spin-gap formation due to spin-Peierls instability in $π$-orbital-ordered NaO$_2$
Creators: name: Miyajima, Mizuki
name: Astuti, Fahmi
name: Fukuda, Takahito
name: Kodani, Masashi
name: Iida, Shinsuke
name: Asai, Shinichiro
name: Matsuo, Akira
name: Masuda, Takatsugu
name: Kindo, Koichi
name: Hasegawa, Takumi
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo C
name: Nakano, Takehito
name: Watanabe, Isao
name: Kambe, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the low-temperature magnetism of sodium superoxide (NaO$_{2}$), in which spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom are closely entangled. The magnetic susceptibility shows anomalies at $T_{1}=220$ K and $T_{2}=190$ K, which correspond well to the structural phase transition temperatures, and a sudden decrease below $T_{3}=34$ K. At 4.2 K, the magnetization shows a clear stepwise anomaly around 30 T with a large hysteresis. In addition, the muon spin relaxation experiments indicate no magnetic phase transition down to $T=0.3$ K. The inelastic neutron scattering spectrum exhibits magnetic excitation with a finite energy gap. These results confirm that the ground state of NaO$_{2}$ is a spin-singlet state. To understand this ground state in NaO$_{2}$, we performed Raman scattering experiments. All the Raman-active libration modes expected for the marcasite phase below $T_{2}$ are observed. Furthermore, we find that several new peaks appear below $T_{3}$. This directly evidences the low crystal symmetry, namely, the presence of the phase transition at $T_{3}$. We conclude the singlet-ground state of NaO$_{2}$ due to the spin-Peierls instability.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Linguistics as a science of structure
Creators: name: Nefdt, Ryan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Generative linguistics has rapidly changed during the course of a relatively short

period. This has caused many to question its scientific status as a realist scientific

theory (Stokhof & van Lambalgen 2011; Lappin et al. 2000). In this chapter, I argue

against this conclusion. Specifically, I claim that the mathematical foundations of

the science present a different story below the surface. I agree with critics that due

to the major shifts in theory over the past 80 years, linguistics is indeed opened up

to the problem of pessimistic meta-induction or radical theory change. However, I

further argue that a structural realist approach (Ladyman 1998; French 2006) can

save the field from this problem and at the same time capture its structural nature.

I discuss particular historical instances of theory change in generative grammar as

evidence for this interpretation and finally attempt to extend it beyond the gener-

ative tradition to encompass previous frameworks in linguistics.
Quantum algorithms for shifted subset problems
Creators: name: Montanaro, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a recently proposed generalisation of the abelian hidden subgroup problem: the shifted subset problem. The problem is to determine a subset S of some abelian group, given access to quantum states of the form |S+x>, for some unknown shift x. We give quantum algorithms to find Hamming spheres and other subsets of the boolean cube {0,1}^n. The algorithms have time complexity polynomial in n and give rise to exponential separations from classical computation.
description: 15 pages; v3: simplified proof of main result
Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point
Creators: name: Stephanov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the QCD critical point on non-Gaussian moments (cumulants) of fluctuations of experimental observables in heavy-ion collisions. We find that these moments are very sensitive to the proximity of the critical point, as measured by the magnitude of the correlation length xi. For example, the cubic central moment of multiplicity ~ xi^4.5 and the quartic cumulant ~ xi^7. We estimate the magnitude of critical point contributions to non-Gaussian fluctuations of pion and proton multiplicities.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Communities of workers: free labor in provincial Massachusetts, 1690-1765
Creators: name: Nellis, Eric Guest
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The particular forms of work in provincial Massachusetts influenced and were reflected in the structure of that society to an extent previously ignored by social historians. While this study presents a description of individual practices and collective patterns of work, it addresses itself to the broader framework of provincial society. As the analysis proceeds, it tests the conclusions of a large number of recent historians who have found significant change in the social structure of Massachusetts in the decades prior to 1765. There were two distinct settings for work in the province: the rural network of self-contained towns where subsistence farming and an informal system of labor and commodity exchange formed a socio-economic base for the great majority of the population; and the commercial economy of coastal Massachusetts, as exemplified by Boston, where contracted specialized crafts work and individual control of production were the most common features of labor. This analysis of work and workers reveals a marked difference in the respective forms of work in each of the settings, but it confirms a similar degree of communal influence upon the nature and objectives of work. Conversely, the chief features and arrangements of work helped to sustain the established forms of family, domicile and local society.