cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How long do high-redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole vs. host galaxy relations?
Creators: name: Scoggins, Matthew T.
name: Haiman, Zoltán
name: Wise, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of $10^9\ {\rm M_\odot}$ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the universe remains a puzzle in our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. Several suggested formation pathways for these SMBHs lead to a heavy seed, with an initial black hole mass of $10^4-10^6~{\rm M_\odot}$. This can lead to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), whose nuclear black hole's mass is comparable to or even greater than the surrounding stellar mass: the black hole to stellar mass ratio is $M_{\rm bh}/M_* \gg 10^{-3}$, well in excess of the typical values at lower redshift. We investigate how long these newborn BHs remain outliers in the $M_{\rm bh}-M_{*}$ relation, by exploring the subsequent evolution of two OMBGs previously identified in the \texttt{Renaissance} simulations. We find that both OMBGs have $M_{\rm bh}/M_* > 1$ during their entire life, from their birth at $z\approx 15$ until they merge with much more massive haloes at $z\approx 8$. We find that the OMBGs are spatially resolvable from their more massive, $10^{11}~{\rm M_\odot}$, neighboring haloes until their mergers are complete at $z\approx 8$. This affords a window for future observations with {\it JWST} and sensitive X-ray telescopes to diagnose the heavy-seed scenario, by detecting similar OMBGs and establishing their uniquely high black hole-to-stellar mass ratio.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted in MNRAS
Monte Carlo analysis of a lateral IBIC experiment on a 4H-SiC Schottky diode
Creators: name: Olivero, P.
name: Forneris, J.
name: Gamarra, P.
name: Jaksic, M.
name: Giudice, A. Lo
name: Manfredotti, C.
name: Pastuovic, Z.
name: Skukan, N.
name: Vittone, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport properties of a 4H-SiC Schottky diode have been investigated by the Ion Beam Induced Charge (IBIC) technique in lateral geometry through the analysis of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) profile at a fixed applied reverse bias voltage. The cross section of the sample orthogonal to the electrodes was irradiated by a rarefied 4 MeV proton microbeam and the charge pulses have been recorded as function of incident proton position with a spatial resolution of 2 um. The CCE profile shows a broad plateau with CCE values close to 100% occurring at the depletion layer, whereas in the neutral region, the exponentially decreasing profile indicates the dominant role played by the diffusion transport mechanism. Mapping of charge pulses was accomplished by a novel computational approach, which consists in mapping the Gunn's weighting potential by solving the electrostatic problem by finite element method and hence evaluating the induced charge at the sensing electrode by a Monte Carlo method. The combination of these two computational methods enabled an exhaustive interpretation of the experimental profiles and allowed an accurate evaluation both of the electrical characteristics of the active region (e.g. electric field profiles) and of basic transport parameters (i. e. diffusion length and minority carrier lifetime).
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
The Yoccoz-Birkeland livestock population model coupled with random price dynamics
Creators: name: Ceccon, Riccardo
name: Livieri, Giulia
name: Marmi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D45

description: We study a random version of the population-market model proposed by Arlot, Marmi and Papini in Arlot et al. (2019). The latter model is based on the Yoccoz-Birkeland integral equation and describes a time evolution of livestock commodities prices which exhibits endogenous deterministic stochastic behaviour. We introduce a stochastic component inspired from the Black-Scholes market model into the price equation and we prove the existence of a random attractor and of a random invariant measure. We compute numerically the fractal dimension and the entropy of the random attractor and we show its convergence to the deterministic one as the volatility in the market equation tends to zero. We also investigate in detail the dependence of the attractor on the choice of the time-discretization parameter. We implement several statistical distances to quantify the similarity between the attractors of the discretized systems and the original one. In particular, following a work by Cuturi (2013), we use the Sinkhorn distance. This is a discrete and penalized version of the Optimal Transport Distance between two measures, given a transport cost matrix.
Ratio of baryon and electric-charge cumulants at second order with acceptance corrections
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Masakiyo
name: Esumi, ShinIchi
name: Nonaka, Toshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the ratio of baryon and electric-charge cumulants at second order from the recent experimental results at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV by the STAR Collaboration. The baryon number cumulant is reconstructed from the proton number distribution, and effects of the finite acceptance on the transverse momentum are corrected assuming the independent particle emission. We show that the obtained ratio has a dependence on the rapidity window. Comparison of the result with the hadron resonance gas model and lattice QCD numerical simulations suggests that if the fluctuations are generated from a thermal medium its temperature is significantly lower than the chemical freezeout temperature.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
How fear of future outcomes affects social dynamics
Creators: name: Podobnik, Boris
name: Jusup, Marko
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mutualistic relationships among the different species are ubiquitous in nature. To prevent mutualism from slipping into antagonism, a host often invokes a "carrot and stick" approach towards symbionts with a stabilizing effect on their symbiosis. In open human societies, a mutualistic relationship arises when a native insider population attracts outsiders with benevolent incentives in hope that the additional labor will improve the standard of all. A lingering question, however, is the extent to which insiders are willing to tolerate outsiders before mutualism slips into antagonism. To test the assertion by Karl Popper that unlimited tolerance leads to the demise of tolerance, we model a society under a growing incursion from the outside. Guided by their traditions of maintaining the social fabric and prizing tolerance, the insiders reduce their benevolence toward the growing subpopulation of outsiders but do not invoke punishment. This reduction of benevolence intensifies as less tolerant insiders (e.g., "radicals") openly renounce benevolence. Although more tolerant insiders maintain some level of benevolence, they may also tacitly support radicals out of fear for the future. If radicals and their tacit supporters achieve a critical majority, herd behavior ensues and the relation between the insider and outsider subpopulations turns antagonistic. To control the risk of unwanted social dynamics, we map the parameter space within which the tolerance of insiders is in balance with the assimilation of outsiders, the tolerant insiders maintain a sustainable majority, and any reduction in benevolence occurs smoothly. We also identify the circumstances that cause the relations between insiders and outsiders to collapse or that lead to the dominance of the outsiders.
description: 10+5 pages, 5+3 figures, Supporting Information included
inequality in benefit distribution of public health spending in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gebreyes, Roman
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Health inequality is differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. Health inequities are unfair differences in accessing and utilizing health services between different socioeconomic groups. Inequalities and inequities in health utilization are examined with health determinant variables and benefit incidence analysis is used to measure the distribution of government health spending. Objective: To estimate the benefit distribution of public spending on health care across socio-economic groups, in Ethiopia. Methods: A national representative Ethiopian living standard measurement survey having 23,393 set of households data in the year 2015/16 was used to measure the benefit incidence analysis of the government health expenditure. Concentration index was used to assess the degree of income-related inequality in the distribution of a health variable and decomposition of the concentration index provides socio economic and demographic contribution to the inequalities. Result: Government unit subsidy at hospital level is 75.4 and 2018.6 Ethiopian birr and at health center 67.4 and 187.5 Ethiopian birr per outpatient and inpatient services respectively. Out of the total government subsidy 60.6 % of government spending goes to health centers and 39.4% to hospitals and more than two third of government spending concentrated to outpatient visit (72.5%) relative to inpatient visits (27.5%). The total share of public spending is low in the lowest quintile (3.6%) while high in the second quintile (27.9%). Conclusion: In this study we found pro-poor public spending on health with concentration index of -0.039 which varies at different health delivery level and service type. The hospital level and inpatient visit preferentially benefit the wealthiest quintile while health center and outpatient visit is pro-poor.
Constraining the dipolar magnetic field of M82 X-2 by the accretion model
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) M82 X-2 has been identified to be an accreting neutron star, which has a $P=1.37$ s spin period, and is spinning up at a rate $\dot{P}=-2.0\times 10^{-10}~\rm s\,s^{-1}$. Interestingly, its isotropic X-ray luminosity $L_{\rm iso}=1.8\times 10^{40}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}$ during outbursts is 100 times the Eddington limit for a $1.4~\rm M_{\odot}$ neutron star. In this Letter, based on the standard accretion model we attempt to constrain the dipolar magnetic field of the pulsar in ULX M82 X-2. Our calculations indicate that the accretion rate at the magnetospheric radius must be super-Eddington during outbursts. To support such a super-Eddington accretion, a relatively high multipole field ($\ga 10^{13}$ G) near the surface of the accretor is invoked to produce an accreting gas column. However, our constraint shows that the surface dipolar magnetic field of the pulsar should be in the range of $1.0-3.5\times 10^{12}$ G. Therefore, our model supports that the neutron star in ULX M82 X-2 could be a low magnetic field magnetar (proposed by Tong) with a normal dipolar field ($\sim 10^{12}$ G) and relatively strong multipole field. For the large luminosity variations of this source, our scenario can also present a self-consistency interpretation.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, MNRAS Letters in press
title: Harnröhrenrekonstruktion unter Verwendung autolog hergestellter Mundschleimhaut (Mukocell ® ) – 2-Jahres-Follow-up
Creators: name: Westenfelder, K.
name: Pandey, A.
name: Barta-Kelemen, A.-M.
name: Beier, J.
name: Keller, H.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 41. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung
title: A Double Mirror Stub Design of Broadband Planar Bias Tee for System on Chip Integration
Creators: name: Yadav, Rahul
name: Preu, Sascha
name: Penirschke, Andreas
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

description: Terahertz (THz) domain is quickly developing with various applications such as beam diagnostics at particle accelerators, spectroscopy, communications, space science, etc. However, often requiring fast intermediate frequency (IF) electronics. We present the design of a double mirror stub (DMS) based a planar broadband bias tee having an isolation port S 31 with 14.45 GHz bandwidth below −10 dB and S 33 with 13.1 GHz bandwidth above −2 dB. CST simulation and measured results are in very good agreement. The bias tee will be a part of a new generation of on-chip THz detectors based on zero-bias Schottky diode and high electron mobility field effect transistor (HEMT).
The Fellowship of the Dyson Ring: ACT&Friends' Results and Methods for GTOC 11
Creators: name: Märtens, Marcus
name: Izzo, Dario
name: Blazquez, Emmanuel
name: von Looz, Moritz
name: Gómez, Pablo
name: Mergy, Anne
name: Acciarini, Giacomo
name: Yam, Chit Hong
name: Ayuso, Javier Hernando
name: Shimane, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dyson spheres are hypothetical megastructures encircling stars in order to harvest most of their energy output. During the 11th edition of the GTOC challenge, participants were tasked with a complex trajectory planning related to the construction of a precursor Dyson structure, a heliocentric ring made of twelve stations. To this purpose, we developed several new approaches that synthesize techniques from machine learning, combinatorial optimization, planning and scheduling, and evolutionary optimization effectively integrated into a fully automated pipeline. These include a machine learned transfer time estimator, improving the established Edelbaum approximation and thus better informing a Lazy Race Tree Search to identify and collect asteroids with high arrival mass for the stations; a series of optimally-phased low-thrust transfers to all stations computed by indirect optimization techniques, exploiting the synodic periodicity of the system; and a modified Hungarian scheduling algorithm, which utilizes evolutionary techniques to arrange a mass-balanced arrival schedule out of all transfer possibilities. We describe the steps of our pipeline in detail with a special focus on how our approaches mutually benefit from each other. Lastly, we outline and analyze the final solution of our team, ACT&Friends, which ranked second at the GTOC 11 challenge.
On shear layers in a rotating fluid
Creators: name: Jeyapalan, Kanagasabai.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A nanostructured surface increases friction exponentially at the solid-gas interface
Creators: name: Phani, Arindam
name: Putkaradze, Vakhtang
name: Hawk, J. E.
name: Prashanthi, Kovur
name: Thundat, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Stokes' law, a moving solid surface experiences dissipation that is linearly related to its velocity and the viscosity of the medium. This linear dependence on viscosity forms the basis for many characterization techniques for liquids. Unlike viscosities of different liquids, viscosities of gases vary only in a narrow range which limits their use as an effective characterization parameter using moving structures. Here we report experimental results of dissipation showing exponential dependence on viscosity for oscillating surfaces modified with nanostructures. The surface nanostructures alter solid-gas interplay greatly, amplifying the dissipation response exponentially for even minute variations in viscosity. Nanostructured resonator thus allows discrimination of otherwise narrow range of gaseous viscosity making it an ideal detection parameter for analysis. We attribute the observed exponential enhancement to the stochastic nature of interactions of many coupled nanostructures with the gas media.
description: 30 Pages, 6 Figures
Supplemental methods, figures, and tables from Differential changes in life cycle-event phenology provide a window into regional population declines
Creators: name: Hanmer, Hugh J.
name: Boersch-Supan, Philipp H.
name: Robinson, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Climate change affects the phenology of annual life cycle events of organisms, such as reproduction and migration. Shifts in the timing of these events could have important population implications directly, or provide information about the mechanisms driving population trajectories, especially if they differ between life cycle event. We examine if such shifts occur in a declining migratory passerine bird (Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus), which exhibits latitudinally diverging population trajectories. We find evidence of phenological shifts in breeding initiation, breeding progression and moult that differ across geographic and spring temperature gradients. Moult initiation following warmer springs advances faster in the south than in the north, resulting in proportionally shorter breeding seasons, reflecting higher nest failure rates in the south and in warmer years. Tracking shifts in multiple life cycle events allowed us to identify points of failure in the breeding cycle in regions where the species has negative population trends, thereby demonstrating the utility of phenology analyses for illuminating mechanistic pathways underlying observed population trajectories.
Effect of Light Intensity and Spectra on Inorganic Constituents in Vietnamese Coriander (Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják)
Creators: name: Paschko, Kerstin
name: Grabovac, Nikolina
name: Pinker, Ina
name: Böhme, Michael Henry
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: light intensity
subject: blue, green, and red light spectra
subject: LED
subject: photoselective plastic
subject: minerals
subject: nitrate
subject: 570 Biologie

description: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
description: With the aim of optimizing resources in regional production of nutritive valuable leafy vegetables, this study was conducted to obtain more knowledge regarding the interdependencies between light conditions and accumulation of inorganic constituents. The test plant, P. odorata, was cultivated in a climate chamber with fluorescent tubes as the main light source and daylight integrals (DLI) varying between 4.68 and 9.06 mol·m−2·day−1. The average DLI in greenhouse experiments was 41.55 mol·m−2·day−1. Light conditions were modified using additional LEDs (443, 515, and 629 nm) or by covering the plants with photoselective plastic films, leading to a lower DLI and modified light spectrum, especially by reducing the green spectral range. Contents of nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron, biomass accumulation, and water content were analyzed. In terms of particular light modifications, additional green (515 nm) and red (629 nm) LEDs showed reducing effects on nitrate content at both cultivation locations. Other inorganic constituents were affected differently depending on cultivation location. However, the calculation of average partial correlation coefficients enabled a more general statement. Increasing DLI correlated positively with contents of magnesium, nitrate, and potassium but negatively with contents of calcium and iron. Additionally, nitrate content correlated positively with the spectral range of 651–700 nm but negatively with the R:FR ratio. Consequently, a general recommendation related to the light conditions is not possible, as inorganic constituents were affected differently. Nevertheless, as the nitrate content in leafy vegetables is of high concern and was reduced by higher shares of green or red light, this might be one way to regulate nitrate content in leafy vegetables.
Spectrally resolved two-photon interference in a modified Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
Creators: name: Li, Baihong
name: Yuan, Boxin
name: Chen, Changhua
name: Xiang, Xiao
name: Quan, Runai
name: Dong, Ruifang
name: Zhang, Shougang
name: Jin, Rui-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A modified Hong--Ou--Mandel (HOM) interference reveals that the two-photon interference phenomenon can be explained only by the concept of a two-photon wave packet rather than a single-photon one. However, the temporal interferogram in the modified HOM interferometer becomes flat in some cases so that no useful information can be extracted from time-domain measurement. Here, we theoretically explore such temporal interferogram from the frequency domain and obtain the spectrally resolved interference with high visibility. The result represents a modulation of the joint spectral intensity along both the frequency sum and the frequency difference directions. This is quite different from the cases of the spectrally resolved HOM interference and N00N state interference where the modulations happened only in one direction. Moreover, we have shown that such modulations have a potential application in the generation and characterization of high-dimensional frequency entanglement.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Pion mean fields and heavy baryons
Creators: name: Yang, Ghil-Seok
name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
name: Praszałowicz, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the masses of the lowest-lying heavy baryons can be very well described in a pion mean-field approach. We consider a heavy baryon as a system consisting of the $N_c-1$ light quarks that induce the pion mean field, and a heavy quark as a static color source under the influence of this mean field. In this approach we derive a number of \textit{model-independent} relations and calculate the heavy baryon masses using those of the lowest-lying light baryons as input. The results are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the mass of the $Ω_b^*$ baryon is predicted.
description: 6 pages, no figure. To be published in Phys. Rev. D as a rapid communication
Normal fitting classes defined by determinants
Creators: name: Cole, Gavin Edwin.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Fabrication of quantum dots in undoped Si/Si$_{0.8}$Ge$_{0.2}$ heterostructures using a single metal-gate layer
Creators: name: Lu, T. M.
name: Gamble, J. K.
name: Muller, R. P.
name: Nielsen, E.
name: Bethke, D.
name: Eyck, G. A. Ten
name: Pluym, T.
name: Wendt, J. R.
name: Dominguez, J.
name: Lilly, M. P.
name: Carroll, M. S.
name: Wanke, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enhancement-mode Si/SiGe electron quantum dots have been pursued extensively by many groups for \revEdit{their} potential in quantum computing. Most of the reported dot designs utilize multiple metal-gate layers and use Si/SiGe heterostructures with Ge concentration close to 30\%. Here we report the fabrication and low-temperature characterization of quantum dots in Si/Si$_{0.8}$Ge$_{0.2}$ heterostructures using only one metal-gate layer. We find that the threshold voltage of a channel narrower than 1 $μ$m increases as the width decreases. The higher threshold can be attributed to the combination of quantum confinement and disorder. We also find that the lower Ge ratio used here leads to a narrower operational gate bias range. The higher threshold combined with the limited gate bias range constrains the device design of lithographic quantum dots. We incorporate such considerations in our device design and demonstrate a quantum dot that can be tuned from a single dot to a double dot. The device uses only a single metal-gate layer, greatly simplifying device design and fabrication.
Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards screening for cervical cancer among Adama University female students, Adama, Ethiopia, 2014
Creators: name: Tadesse, Almaz
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Cervical cancer is a complication of Human Papillomavirus infection is the second most common cancer in women with 529,000 new cases each year worldwide. Eighty percent of the cases occur in low-resource countries. It is also a leading cause of mortality worldwide with 270 000 women every year, out of which 85% deaths occur in the developing world. According to the 2009 World Health Organization report, the age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Ethiopia was 35.9 per 100,000 patients with 7619 annual number of new cases and 60-81 deaths every year. Despite this fact very few women receive screening services in Ethiopia. Objective: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice concerning cervical cancer among female students at Adama University. Methodology: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March -June 2014 among 667Adama Science and Technology University female students. Structured self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Univariate,bivaraite and multivariate analysis were used. Results: About 404(60.6%) of the participants heard about cervical cancer, 478 (71.7%) had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening and only 15 (2.2%) participants were screened for cervical cancer. Lack of information about cervical cancer was the most reported reason for not attending cervical cancer screening. Level of knowledge of cervical carcinoma was associated with attitude on screening, those with good knowledge were more positive where as level of knowledge was not significantly associated with practice. Conclusion and recommendation: The study showed that there is a lack of knowledge on cervical cancer and screening for premalignant cervical lesion. The reason for poor practice among others was lack of knowledge and information. There is a need to promote cervical cancer screening among women by informing them on their susceptibility to cervical cancer and encouraging a belief that active and regular screening can detect cervical cancer at the pre-cancerous stage, hence enabling the early treatment and prevention of cancer development
Accretion variability of the multiple T Tauri system VW Cha
Creators: name: Zsidi, Gabriella
name: Fiorellino, Eleonora
name: Kóspál, Ágnes
name: Ábrahám, Péter
name: Bódi, Attila
name: Hussain, Gaitee
name: Manara, Carlo F.
name: Pál, András
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical T Tauri stars are low-mass objects, which are still accreting material from the surrounding circumstellar disk. The accretion process is essential in the formation of Sun-like stars and in setting the properties of the disk at the time when planet formation occurs. We constructed a complex dataset in order to examine the accretion process of VW Cha, a classical T Tauri multiple system with the aim of studying the physical origin of the photometric and spectroscopic variability of the system. The TESS Space Telescope observed VW Cha between 2019 April 22 and June 19, and we complemented these data with contemporaneous ground-based $I_CJHK$ band photometric measurements. In addition, we obtained high-resolution optical spectra with the VLT/ESPRESSO and the 2.2\,m/FEROS instruments. Analyzing these data, we found that the TESS light curve shows photometric variations on timescales from minutes to weeks with a peak-to-peak amplitude of $\sim$0.8 mag. The near-infrared light curves follow the shape of the optical measurements, however, the peak-to-peak amplitudes are slightly increasing towards the longer wavelengths. We took spectra in both fainter and brighter photometric states of the system, allowing us to examine the origin of a photometric brightening event. Our results show that this brightening event can be explained by increased accretion. In addition, our spectroscopic data also suggest that the primary component of VW Cha is a spectroscopic binary, as it was proposed in earlier works.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 18 pages, 10 figures
Three observational differences for binary black holes detections with second and third generation gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Vitale, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced gravitational-wave observatories, such as LIGO and Virgo, will detect hundreds of gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes in the next few years. The collection of detected sources is expected to have certain properties. It is expected that a selection bias will exist toward higher mass systems, that most events will be oriented with their angular momentum pointing to or away from Earth, and that quiet events will be much more numerous than loud events. In this paper we show how all these assumptions are only true for existing detectors and do not have any universality. Using an network of proposed third-generation gravitational wave detectors, we show how each of these assumptions must be revised and we discuss several consequences on the characterization of the sources.
description: Version matching paper accepted by PRD Rapid Communications
The hydrogenolysis and 13C N.M.R. spectral studies of some strained cyclic hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Gooding, Kenneth Ronald.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Design, construction and commissioning of a high-flow radon removal system for XENONnT
Creators: name: Murra, M.
name: Schulte, D.
name: Huhmann, C.
name: Weinheimer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-flow radon removal system based on cryogenic distillation was developed and constructed to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid xenon detectors for rare event searches such as XENONnT. A continuous purification of the XENONnT liquid xenon inventory of 8.4 tonnes at process flows up to 71 kg/h (200 slpm) is required to achieve a radon reduction by a factor two for radon sources inside the detector. To reach such high flows, the distillation column's design features liquid xenon inlet and outlets along with novel custom-made bath-type heat exchangers with high liquefaction capabilities. The distillation process was designed using a modification of the McCabe-Thiele approach without a bottom product extraction. The thermodynamic concept is based on a Clausius-Rankine cooling cycle with phase-changing medium, in this case the xenon itself. To drastically reduce the external cooling power requirements, an energy efficient heat pump concept was developed applying a custom-made four cylinder magnetically-coupled piston pump as compressor. The distillation system was operated at thermodynamically stable conditions at a process flow of (91$\pm$2) kg/h ((258$\pm$6) slpm), 30 % over design. With this flow, a $^{222}$Rn activity concentration <1 $μ$Bq/kg is expected inside the XENONnT detector given the measured radon source distribution.
Group Vulnerability and the Need for a UN Convention on Internally Displaced Persons
Creators: name: Uzoigwe, Nnenne
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2028

description: Internally displaced persons are a category of people forced to leave their homes in search of safety. People in this category suffer severe human rights abuse, but despite the vulnerabilities that internally displaced people face, there is no explicit, globally enforceable hard law that is tailored to their particular need. Existing normative frameworks do not specifically address the needs of displaced people. The only document that tailors to the needs of displaced people is the 1998 UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Despite being widely accepted, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement do not confer rights on internally displaced persons. This research work examines whether there is a need to create a hard law instrument on internal isplacement. There have been calls for a normative framework that is legally binding on internal displacement, but it has not yielded a positive response. This work argues for a UN Convention on internally displaced persons. It draws on the notion of group vulnerability to justify the need for a specialised global instrument on internal displacement. This work discovered that vulnerable groups are people whose vulnerability is relational, particular, and harm based. Vulnerability is relational when people experience vulnerable situations because they associate with a particular group. The group membership creates and sustains their vulnerabilities. The vulnerability that they experience is also particular to the people who identify with the group. Lastly, this vulnerability is predicated on harm and human rights abuse. Populations who embody these characteristics are a vulnerable group in need of special protection. Data on the dire nature of internal displacement show that internally displaced persons are a vulnerable group. The vulnerability that displaced people experience is created and sustained by their identification as people forced to move. The nature of the vulnerabilities they experience is particular to displaced people, and it is also harm based. People in the category of internally displaced people are subjected to harm and human rights abuse as a result of their displacement. These characteristics place people displaced within the State border in the category of vulnerable group identities and create the possibility for a specialised hard law instrument. The notion of vulnerability, therefore, justifies the need for a hard law instrument on internal displacement.
Ordering the confusion: A study of the impact of lens models on gravitational-wave lensing detection capabilities
Creators: name: Janquart, Justin
name: More, Anupreeta
name: Broeck, Chris Van Den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When traveling from their source to the observer, gravitational waves can get deflected by massive objects along their travel path. When the lens is massive enough and the source aligns closely with the line-of-sight to the lens, the wave undergoes strong lensing, leading to several images with the same frequency evolution. These images are separated in time, magnified, and can undergo an overall phase shift. Searches for strongly-lensed gravitational waves are already ongoing. In essence, such searches look for events originating from the same sky location and having the same detector frame parameters. However, the agreement between these quantities can also happen by chance, leading to an important confusion background. To reduce the overlap between background and foreground, one can include lensing models, enforcing the lensing parameters to also be consistent with our expectations. In principle, such models should decrease the confusion background. However, when doing realistic searches, one does not know which model is the correct one. The use of an incorrect model could lead to the non-detection of genuinely lensed events. In this work, we investigate under realistic conditions how one can identify lensed events in the unlensed background. We focus on the impact of the addition of a model for the lens density profile and investigate the effect of potential errors in the modelling. We show that it is extremely difficult to identify lensing confidently without the addition of a lens model. We also show that slight variations in the profile of the lens model are tolerable but a model with incorrect assumptions about the underlying lens population causes significant errors compared to assuming no lens model at all. We also suggest some strategies to improve the confidence in the detection of strong lensing for gravitational waves.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Towards the Quantization of Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld Theory
Creators: name: Bouhmadi-López, Mariam
name: Chen, Che-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum effects close to the classical big rip singularity within the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld theory (EiBI) are investigated through quantum geometrodynamics. It is the first time that this approach is applied to a modified theory constructed upon Palatini formalism. The Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation is obtained and solved based on an alternative action proposed in Ref.[1], under two different factor ordering choices. This action is dynamically equivalent to the original EiBI action while it is free of square root of the spacetime curvature. We consider a homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat universe, which is assumed to be dominated by a phantom perfect fluid whose equation of state is a constant. We obtain exact solutions of the WDW equation based on some specific conditions. In more general cases, we propose a qualitative argument with the help of a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation to get further solutions. Besides, we also construct an effective WDW equation by simply promoting the classical Friedmann equations. We find that for all the approaches considered, the DeWitt condition hinting singularity avoidance is satisfied. Therefore the big rip singularity can be avoided through the quantum approach within the EiBI theory.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure. Discussion expanded and further mathematical and physical details provided. Version accepted in JCAP
On SUSY Restoration in Single-Superfield Inflationary Models of Supergravity
Creators: name: Ketov, Sergei V.
name: Terada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conditions of restoring supersymmetry (SUSY) after inflation in the supergravity-based cosmological models with a single chiral superfield and a quartic stabilization term in the Kähler potential. Some new, explicit, and viable inflationary models satisfying those conditions are found. The inflaton's scalar superpartner is dynamically stabilized during and after inflation. We also demonstrate a possibility of having small and adjustable SUSY breaking with a tiny cosmological constant.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures; v3, published version (minor revision)
Health Status in Resettled and Indigenous Population (Keto Settlement) in Kelem Awraja, Wollega Region, SouthWestern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Adane
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 1988

description: This study is a cross sec tional sample s urvey on t he health status of 10 villages (5 resettlement and 5 indigenous) in Kelem Awraja, Wollega Regio n, Southwestern Ethi opi a . The fi e l d study was conduc ted i n September and October 1987 . The survey c onsisted of a s e t of qu es tionnaires on s ocio- demograph ic , he al th status, nutri tional as sessment of unde r-five c hildren and stool e xamination for ova and paras ites. The soc i odemographi c data reveal ed that the total popul at ion covered by the study was 3779 people , out of which 2040 were settlers (54%) and 1739 were indi ge no us ( 46%) . The Ii terac y rate b e t wee n the two groups s howed no diff erence 32 .6% a n d 33 .4 %, but much lower wh e n compared to the national figure which 1S 60% . The major sources o f water s uppl y f o r mo r e t han 50% were from unprotected spr ing s and river water for both gro ups. The avai l ability of latrine s and garbage disposal pits for settlers was more t han 90%. For the indigenous group a bout 50% had latrines and l ess than 30% had a garbage disposal pit. In hea lth facilities a nd h ealth care, again the settlers were i n a better position compared to the indig e n o us. Immuni zation coverage, ant e natal attendance and delivery services we r e significant l y higher in t he settlers. As far as mo rbidity was concerned 25 . 2% and 19. 7% of the sett l ers and indigenous resp e ctively reported s i ck during the last ix two weeks. Nutritional status in under-five children was poor but showed no difference between the two groups . With regards to prevalence of intestinal parasites in the two groups, 69 .4% of the settlers were found positive whereas i n the indigenous 77.1% were positive. Explanations were offered for the better health services and health status of the settlers . x
Lattice Scalar Field Theory At Complex Coupling
Creators: name: Lawrence, Scott
name: Oh, Hyunwoo
name: Yamauchi, Yukari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice scalar field theories encounter a sign problem when the coupling constant is complex. This is a close cousin of the real-time sign problems that afflict the lattice Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, and a more distant relative of the fermion sign problem that plagues calculations of QCD at finite density. We demonstrate the methods of complex normalizing flows and contour deformations on scalar fields in $0+1$ and $1+1$ dimensions, respectively. In both cases, intractable sign problems are readily bypassed. These methods extend to negative couplings, where the partition function can be defined only by analytic continuation. Finally, we examine the location of partition function zeros, and discuss their relation to the performance of these algorithms.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Die Herrnhuter Mission und die Broederkerk in Südafrika-West während des Zweiten Weltkrieges und danach (1939-1949)
Creators: name: Schaberg, Paul Willibald
Publisher: name: Unitas Fratrum
Year: 1970

description: Unitas Fratrum, Bd. 12 (1982): Unitas Fratrum, Band 12
Assessment of Factors Associated With Unintended Pregnancy among Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kassie, Tadele
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Unintended pregnancy is an important public health issue in both developing and developed countries because of its serious consequences for women and their families, which include the possibility of unsafe abortion, delayed prenatal care, poor maternal mental health and poor child health outcomes. Objective: The major objective of this study was to identify the magnitude and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Addis Ababa. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 women attending antenatal care clinic at Addis Ababa in ten public health centers from February to May 2015. Simple random sampling technique was used to select health centers. Data were collected by trained data collectors using Pre-tested structured questionnaires. Data were checked for completeness, consistency, coded and entered in to SPSS version 20 software and analyzed. The association between variables were analyzed using bivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression models and the level of significance of association were determined at P- value <0.05. Results: The magnitude of unintended pregnancy was 36.4 95% CI;( 31%.8, 41.7%). The odds of unintended pregnancy among no Spousal communication were 4 times more likely than Spousal communication, Odds of unintended pregnancy among own business maker were 4 times more likely than unintended pregnancy compared to house wives. The odds of unintended pregnancy among inadequate awareness on Intra Uterine Device were 4 times more likely to be experience to unintended pregnancy than from those who have adequate awareness on Intra Uterine Device Conclusion: According to this study, women education, occupation, spousal communication and awareness of long term family planning were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Recommendation: There is an apparent need to design strategies of communication within couples on fertility and contraceptive issues through peer education and promote long term modern family planning methods