ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL VALUE OF WELL FLOW RATE DURING FLOWING OPERATION
Creators: name: Orujov, Yusif
name: Sakit Abbasov
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2024
Subjects: oil and gas condensate field
bottomhole pressure
operating methods
hydrostatic head
acceleration of gravity
fluid filtration
back pressure at the wellhead
stress state

description: The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for determining the critical flow rate in flowing wells to prevent the collapse of the productive formation, taking into account the homogeneity of the rocks. The method of operating wells, in which the rise of hydrocarbons from the bottom of the well to the surface occurs due to natural (reservoir) energy, is called flowing. Flowing of oil wells occurs due to hydrostatic pressure or the energy of compressed gas, as well as due to the energy of compressed rocks. The influx of oil to the bottom of wells occurs due to the difference between reservoir and bottom-hole pressure. In the case when the pressure of the liquid column (to the wellhead of the filled well) is less than the reservoir pressure, the well will flow. Flowing well production is a method of hydrocarbon production in which the pressure in the formation is high enough to cause the product (such as oil or natural gas) to spontaneously rise to the surface without the additional use of artificial pumps or other devices. Basic concepts of flowing include: 1. Hydrostatic head: The natural pressure created by the hydrostatic column of fluid in a formation allows production to rise to the surface. 2. Compressed Gas Energy: In some cases, the presence of compressed natural gas in the formation can provide additional energy to lift production. 3. Energy of compressed rocks: During fracturing or other geological processes, additional dynamic conditions may be created that promote flow. The influx of oil or gas to the bottom of wells occurs due to the pressure difference between the formation and the bottom. When reservoir pressure exceeds pressure at the bottom, this can lead to flowing raising production to the surface. Maintaining flowing conditions can be an important aspect of well operation, and engineering efforts may include pressure control, calculations of optimal production rates, use of water injection techniques (If there is water in the formation), and other techniques to ensure efficient production. Most often, in the flow of wells the gas contained together with oil in the formation plays the main role, including in cases where the gas under reservoir conditions is completely dissolved in oil and a homogeneous liquid moves through the formation. The structure of productive formations can be different, including layered and heterogeneous formations. This can lead to uneven hydrocarbon production and problems with water cut in permeable layers. For successful oil or gas production from such reservoir formations, the difference between the reservoir pressure and the pressure at the bottom of the well plays a key role. If the pressure in the liquid column is lower than the reservoir pressure, the well may begin to flow. Often the gas contained together with oil in the formation plays an important role in the flow of wells. Even if gas is completely dissolved in oil and a homogeneous liquid moves through the reservoir, its presence can significantly affect the pressure and dynamics of production. For example, when the pressure at the bottom decreases, gas can be released from the solution, increasing the volume and pressure inside the well and promoting its flow. Effective management of the production process includes not only pressure control, but also evaluation of gas factors, optimization of production rates and use of water injection technologies to minimize the negative effects of heterogeneity of formations and ensure the most efficient production of hydrocarbons. Flowing of an oil well can occur depending on the operating mode of the energy source, including hydrostatic pressure or expansion energy of the gas contained in the oil. In some cases, gushing can occur simultaneously due to both energies. Hydrostatic pressure created by the column of oil and other fluids in the formation can be the main source of energy for a blowout. If the formation pressure is high enough and has good permeability, oil can rise to the surface under the influence of this pressure. If the oil contains dissolved gas, its release and expansion when reaching the surface can also contribute to blowout. Gas expansion creates additional pressure inside the well, which can increase the flow of oil and gas to the surface. When both of these mechanisms operate simultaneously, this can lead to more intense flowing and increased hydrocarbon production. However, control over this process is important to avoid unwanted consequences such as oil spills or loss of hydrocarbons into the environment. In this context, engineers and well operators actively monitor and adjust production parameters to ensure safe and efficient operation.