cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Concentric network symmetry grasps authors' styles in word adjacency networks
Creators: name: Amancio, Diego R.
name: Silva, Filipi N.
name: Costa, Luciano da F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several characteristics of written texts have been inferred from statistical analysis derived from networked models. Even though many network measurements have been adapted to study textual properties at several levels of complexity, some textual aspects have been disregarded. In this paper, we study the symmetry of word adjacency networks, a well-known representation of text as a graph. A statistical analysis of the symmetry distribution performed in several novels showed that most of the words do not display symmetric patterns of connectivity. More specifically, the merged symmetry displayed a distribution similar to the ubiquitous power-law distribution. Our experiments also revealed that the studied metrics do not correlate with other traditional network measurements, such as the degree or betweenness centrality. The effectiveness of the symmetry measurements was verified in the authorship attribution task. Interestingly, we found that specific authors prefer particular types of symmetric motifs. As a consequence, the authorship of books could be accurately identified in 82.5% of the cases, in a dataset comprising books written by 8 authors. Because the proposed measurements for text analysis are complementary to the traditional approach, they can be used to improve the characterization of text networks, which might be useful for related applications, such as those relying on the identification of topical words and information retrieval.
description: Accepted for publication in Europhys. Lett. (EPL). The supplementary information is available from https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/2740286/symmetry.pdf
Complex structure and characterization of multi-photon split states in integrated circuits
Creators: name: Zhang, Jihua
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-photon split states, where each photon is in a different spatial mode, represent an essential resource for various quantum applications, yet their efficient characterization remains an open problem. Here, we formulate the general structure of their reduced spatial density matrices and identify the number of real and complex-valued independent coefficients, which in particular completely determine the distinguishability of all photons. Then, we show that this density matrix can be fully characterized by measuring correlations after photon interference in a static integrated circuit, where the required outputs scale sub-quadratically versus the number of photons. We present optimized circuit designs composed of segmented coupled waveguides, representing a linear optical neural network, which minimize the reconstruction error and facilitate robustness to fabrication deviations.
Von Hippel-Lindau mutations disrupt vascular patterning and maturation via Notch
Creators: name: Payne, L.B.
name: Chappell, J.C.
name: Arreola, A.
name: Darden, J.
name: Julian, M.H.
name: Daniels, A.B.
name: de Cubas, A.A.
name: Zhao, H.
name: Taylor, S.
name: Rathmell, W.K.
name: Bautch, V.L.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2018

description: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations induce neural tissue hemangioblastomas, as well as highly vascularized clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Pathological vessel remodeling arises from misregulation of HIFs and VEGF, among other genes. Variation in disease penetrance has long been recognized in relation to genotype. We show Vhl mutations also disrupt Notch signaling, causing mutation-specific vascular abnormalities, e.g., type 1 (null) vs. type 2B (murine G518A representing human R167Q). In conditional mutation retina vasculature, Vhl-null mutation (i.e., UBCCreER/+Vhlfl/fl) had little effect on initial vessel branching, but it severely reduced arterial and venous branching at later stages. Interestingly, this mutation accelerated arterial maturation, as observed in retina vessel morphology and aberrant α-smooth muscle actin localization, particularly in vascular pericytes. RNA sequencing analysis identified gene expression changes within several key pathways, including Notch and smooth muscle cell contractility. Notch inhibition failed to reverse later-stage branching defects but rescued the accelerated arterialization. Retinal vessels harboring the type 2B Vhl mutation (i.e., UBCCreER/+Vhlfl/2B) displayed stage-specific changes in vessel branching and an advanced progression toward an arterial phenotype. Disrupting Notch signaling in type 2B mutants increased both artery and vein branching and restored arterial maturation toward nonmutant levels. By revealing differential effects of the null and type 2B Vhl mutations on vessel branching and maturation, these data may provide insight into the variability of VHL-associated vascular changes - particularly the heterogeneity and aggressiveness in ccRCC vessel growth - and also suggest Notch pathway targets for treating VHL syndrome.
Additional file 2 of One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Mahboubeh Khaton Ghanbari
name: Gorji, Hasan Abolghasem
name: Behzadifar, Masoud
name: Sanee, Nadia
name: Nafiul Mehedi
name: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. A search strategy in databases
Developmental SMAD6 loss leads to blood vessel hemorrhage and disrupted endothelial cell junctions
Creators: name: Chong, D.C.
name: Bautch, V.L.
name: Mouillesseaux, K.P.
name: Wylie, L.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2018

description: The BMP pathway regulates developmental processes including angiogenesis, yet its signaling outputs are complex and context-dependent. Recently, we showed that SMAD6, an intracellular BMP inhibitor expressed in endothelial cells, decreases vessel sprouting and branching both in vitro and in zebrafish. Genetic deletion of SMAD6 in mice results in poorly characterized cardiovascular defects and lethality. Here, we analyzed the effects of SMAD6 loss on vascular function during murine development. SMAD6 was expressed in a subset of blood vessels throughout development, primarily in arteries, while expression outside of the vasculature was largely confined to developing cardiac valves with no obvious embryonic phenotype. Mice deficient in SMAD6 died during late gestation and early stages of postnatal development, and this lethality was associated with vessel hemorrhage. Mice that survived past birth had increased branching and sprouting of developing postnatal retinal vessels and disorganized tight and adherens junctions. In vitro, knockdown of SMAD6 led to abnormal endothelial cell adherens junctions and increased VE-cadherin endocytosis, indicative of activated endothelium. Thus, SMAD6 is essential for proper blood vessel function during murine development, where it appears to stabilize endothelial junctions to prevent hemorrhage and aberrant angiogenesis.
Endoglin moves and shapes endothelial cells
Creators: name: Bautch, V.L.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2017

description: Vascular malformations result from improper blood vessel responses to molecular and mechanical signals. Two studies now show that endothelial cell migration and cell shape changes are perturbed in mutants lacking the TGFβ/BMP co-receptor endoglin, leading to arteriovenous shunts. Endoglin coordinates endothelial cell responses to ligand-receptor signalling and flow-mediated mechanical cues.
A Meta Survey of Quality Evaluation Criteria in Explanation Methods
Creators: name: Löfström, Helena
name: Hammar, Karl
name: Johansson, Ulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2

description: Explanation methods and their evaluation have become a significant issue in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) due to the recent surge of opaque AI models in decision support systems (DSS). Since the most accurate AI models are opaque with low transparency and comprehensibility, explanations are essential for bias detection and control of uncertainty. There are a plethora of criteria to choose from when evaluating explanation method quality. However, since existing criteria focus on evaluating single explanation methods, it is not obvious how to compare the quality of different methods. This lack of consensus creates a critical shortage of rigour in the field, although little is written about comparative evaluations of explanation methods. In this paper, we have conducted a semi-systematic meta-survey over fifteen literature surveys covering the evaluation of explainability to identify existing criteria usable for comparative evaluations of explanation methods. The main contribution in the paper is the suggestion to use appropriate trust as a criterion to measure the outcome of the subjective evaluation criteria and consequently make comparative evaluations possible. We also present a model of explanation quality aspects. In the model, criteria with similar definitions are grouped and related to three identified aspects of quality; model, explanation, and user. We also notice four commonly accepted criteria (groups) in the literature, covering all aspects of explanation quality: Performance, appropriate trust, explanation satisfaction, and fidelity. We suggest the model be used as a chart for comparative evaluations to create more generalisable research in explanation quality.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, conference article
Political trust as a base for distorted political performance evaluations and their effect on subjective well-being
Creators: name: Hadarics, Márton
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this multinational study (based on international survey datasets and country-ranking indices), we aim to show that political trust is related to the ignorance of political performance problems, which ignorance, in turn, has a palliative function as it protects subjective well-being. We assume that political trust has a stronger positive effect on the evaluation of political performance in healthcare, education, and the economy (and indirectly on subjective well-being) if actual performance is more questionable.
Influence of angiotensin II on the gut microbiome: modest effects in comparison to experimental factors
Creators: name: Muralitharan, Rikeish
name: Nakai, Michael E
name: Snelson, Matthew
name: Zheng, Tenghao
name: Dinakis, Evany
name: Xie, Liang
name: Jama, Hamdi
name: Paterson, Madeleine
name: Shihata, Waled
name: Wassef, Flavia
name: Vinh, Antony
name: Drummond, Grant
name: Kaye, David M
name: Mackay, Charles R
name: Marques, Francine Z
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 320507
subject: Metabolic medicine
classificationCode: 3201
subject: Cardiovascular medicine and haematology

description: Aims: Animal models are regularly used to test the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension. Small-scale pre-clinical studies have investigated changes to the gut microbiome in the angiotensin II hypertensive model. However, the gut microbiome is influenced by internal and external experimental factors, which are not regularly considered in the study design. Once these factors are accounted for, it is unclear if microbiome signatures are reproduceable. We aimed to determine the influence of angiotensin II treatment on the gut microbiome using a large and diverse cohort of mice and to quantify the magnitude by which other factors contribute to microbiome variations. Methods and results: We conducted a retrospective study to establish a diverse mouse cohort resembling large human studies. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from 538 samples across the gastrointestinal tract of 303 male and female C57BL/6J mice randomized into sham or angiotensin II treatment from different genotypes, diets, animal facilities, and age groups. Analysing over 17 million sequencing reads, we observed that angiotensin II treatment influenced α-diversity (P = 0.0137) and β-diversity (i.e. composition of the microbiome, P < 0.001). Bacterial abundance analysis revealed patterns consistent with a reduction in short-chain fatty acid producers, microbial metabolites that lower blood pressure. Furthermore, animal facility, genotype, diet, age, sex, intestinal sampling site, and sequencing batch had significant effects on both α- and β-diversity (all P < 0.001). Sampling site (6.8%) and diet (6%) had the largest impact on the microbiome, while angiotensin II and sex had the smallest effect (each 0.4%). Conclusion: Our large-scale data confirmed findings from small-scale studies that angiotensin II impacted the gut microbiome. However, this effect was modest relative to most of the other factors studied. Accounting for these factors in future pre-clinical hypertensive studies will increase the likelihood that microbiome findings are replicable and translatable.
Additional file 6 of Development and evaluation of the measurement properties of a generic questionnaire measuring patient perceptions of person-centred care
Creators: name: Fridberg, Helena
name: Wallin, Lars
name: Wallengren, Catarina
name: Kottorp, Anders
name: Forsman, Henrietta
name: Tistad, Malin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Content analysis cognitive interviews, free-text comments and field notes. Subcategories and codes generated using an unconstrained matrix with four pre-defined main categories.
(501177) Emmeline Pilbeam
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Geometry of Supermanifolds and New Supersymmetric Actions
Creators: name: Castellani, L.
name: Catenacci, R.
name: Grassi, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the Hodge dual for supermanifolds by means of the Grassmannian Fourier transform of superforms. In the case of supermanifolds it is known that the superforms are not sufficient to construct a consistent integration theory and that the integral forms are needed. They are distribution-like forms which can be integrated on supermanifolds as a top form can be integrated on a conventional manifold. In our construction of the Hodge dual of superforms they arise naturally. The compatibility between Hodge duality and supersymmetry is exploited and applied to several examples. We define the irreducible representations of supersymmetry in terms of integral and superforms in a new way which can be easily generalised to several models in different dimensions. The construction of supersymmetric actions based on the Hodge duality is presented and new supersymmetric actions with higher derivative terms are found. These terms are required by the invertibility of the Hodge operator.
description: LateX2e, 51 pages. Corrected some further misprints
Path Integral Molecular Dynamics within the Grand Canonical-like Adaptive Resolution Technique: Simulation of Liquid Water
Creators: name: Agarwal, Animesh
name: Site, Luigi Delle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum effects due to the spatial delocalization of light atoms are treated in molecular simulation via the path integral technique. Among several methods, Path Integral (PI) Molecular Dynamics (MD) is nowadays a powerful tool to investigate properties induced by spatial delocalization of atoms; however computationally this technique is very demanding. The abovementioned limitation implies the restriction of PIMD applications to relatively small systems and short time scales. One possible solution to overcome size and time limitation is to introduce PIMD algorithms into the Adaptive Resolution Simulation Scheme (AdResS). AdResS requires a relatively small region treated at path integral level and embeds it into a large molecular reservoir consisting of generic spherical coarse grained molecules. It was previously shown that the realization of the idea above, at a simple level, produced reasonable results for toy systems or simple/test systems like liquid parahydrogen. Encouraged by previous results, in this paper we show the simulation of liquid water at room conditions where AdResS, in its latest and more accurate Grand-Canonical-like version (GC-AdResS), is merged with two of the most relevant PIMD techniques available in literature. The comparison of our results with those reported in literature and/or with those obtained from full PIMD simulations shows a highly satisfactory agreement.
(501168) Jane Mary Barnes
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On eigenfunctions and maximal cliques of generalised Paley graphs of square order
Creators: name: Goryainov, Sergey
name: Shalaginov, Leonid
name: Yip, Chi Hoi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let GP$(q^2,m)$ be the $m$-Paley graph defined on the finite field with order $q^2$. We study eigenfunctions and maximal cliques in generalised Paley graphs GP$(q^2,m)$, where $m \mid (q+1)$. In particular, we explicitly construct maximal cliques of size $\frac{q+1}{m}$ or $\frac{q+1}{m}+1$ in GP$(q^2,m)$, and show the weight-distribution bound on the cardinality of the support of an eigenfunction is tight for the smallest eigenvalue $-\frac{q+1}{m}$ of GP$(q^2,m)$. These new results extend the work of Baker et. al and Goryainov et al. on Paley graphs of square order. We also study the stability of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for GP$(q^2,m)$ (first proved by Sziklai).
(501169) Jane Barnes Colson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Antenna Impedance Estimation at MIMO Receivers
Creators: name: Wu, Shaohan
name: Hughes, Brian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper considers antenna impedance estimation based on training sequences at MIMO receivers. The goal is to firstly leverage extensive resources available in most wireless systems for channel estimation to estimate antenna impedance in real-time. We assume the receiver switches its impedance in a predetermined fashion during each training sequence. Based on voltage observation across the load, a classical estimation framework is developed incorporating the Rayleigh fading assumption. We then derive in closed-form a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator under i.i.d. fading and show this same ML estimator is a method of moments (MM) estimator in correlated channels. Numerical results suggest a fast algorithm, i.e., MLE in i.i.d. fading and the MM estimator in correlated fading, that estimates the unknown antenna impedance in real-time for all Rayleigh fading channels.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures
Bayesian decision making in human collectives with binary choices
Creators: name: Eguíluz, Víctor M.
name: Masuda, N.
name: Fernández-Gracia, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we focus on the description of the mechanisms behind the process of information aggregation and decision making, a basic step to understand emergent phenomena in society, such as trends, information spreading or the wisdom of crowds. In many situations, agents choose between discrete options. We analyze experimental data on binary opinion choices in humans. The data consists of two separate experiments in which humans answer questions with a binary response, where one is correct and the other is incorrect. The questions are answered without and with information on the answers of some previous participants. We find that a Bayesian approach captures the probability of choosing one of the answers. The influence of peers is uncorrelated with the difficulty of the question. The data is inconsistent with Weber's law, which states that the probability of choosing an option depends on the proportion of previous answers choosing that option and not on the total number of those answers. Last, the present Bayesian model fits reasonably well to the data as compared to some other previously proposed functions although the latter sometime perform slightly better than the Bayesian model. The asset of the present model is the simplicity and mechanistic explanation of the behavior.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Additional file 4 of Development and evaluation of the measurement properties of a generic questionnaire measuring patient perceptions of person-centred care
Creators: name: Fridberg, Helena
name: Wallin, Lars
name: Wallengren, Catarina
name: Kottorp, Anders
name: Forsman, Henrietta
name: Tistad, Malin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Item conceptualisation and I-CVI 1st and 2nd round. Operationalisation of items intended to present PCC in line with GPCC’s concept and I-CVI calculations for first and second Delphi round.
Data structures for computing unique palindromes in static and non-static strings
Creators: name: Mieno, Takuya
name: Funakoshi, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A palindromic substring $T[i.. j]$ of a string $T$ is said to be a shortest unique palindromic substring (SUPS) in $T$ for an interval $[p, q]$ if $T[i.. j]$ is a shortest palindromic substring such that $T[i.. j]$ occurs only once in $T$, and $[i, j]$ contains $[p, q]$. The SUPS problem is, given a string $T$ of length $n$, to construct a data structure that can compute all the SUPSs for any given query interval. It is known that any SUPS query can be answered in $O(α)$ time after $O(n)$-time preprocessing, where $α$ is the number of SUPSs to output [Inoue et al., 2018]. In this paper, we first show that $α$ is at most $4$, and the upper bound is tight. We also show that the total sum of lengths of minimal unique palindromic substrings of string $T$, which is strongly related to SUPSs, is $O(n)$. Then, we present the first $O(n)$-bits data structures that can answer any SUPS query in constant time. Also, we present an algorithm to solve the SUPS problem for a sliding window that can answer any query in $O(\log\log W)$ time and update data structures in amortized $O(\logσ+ \log\log W)$ time, where $W$ is the size of the window, and $σ$ is the alphabet size. Furthermore, we consider the SUPS problem in the after-edit model and present an efficient algorithm. Namely, we present an algorithm that uses $O(n)$ time for preprocessing and answers any $k$ SUPS queries in $O(\log n\log\log n + k\log\log n)$ time after single character substitution. Finally, as a by-product, we propose a fully-dynamic data structure for range minimum queries (RmQs) with a constraint where the width of each query range is limited to poly-logarithmic. The constrained RmQ data structure can answer such a query in constant time and support a single-element edit operation in amortized constant time.
Additional file 3 of Development and evaluation of the measurement properties of a generic questionnaire measuring patient perceptions of person-centred care
Creators: name: Fridberg, Helena
name: Wallin, Lars
name: Wallengren, Catarina
name: Kottorp, Anders
name: Forsman, Henrietta
name: Tistad, Malin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Content analysis key informants. Subcategories and codes generated using an unconstrained matrix with three pre-defined main categories.
Summary of the Topical Workshop on Top Quark Differential Distributions 2014
Creators: name: Czakon, Michal
name: Mitov, Alexander
name: Rojo, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarise the Topical Workshop on Top Quark Differential Distributions 2014, which took place in Cannes immediately before the annual Top2014 conference. The workshop was motivated by the availability of top quark differential distributions at NNLO and the forthcoming LHC 13 TeV data. The main goal of the workshop was to explore the impact of improved calculations of top quark production on precision LHC measurements, PDF determinations and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, as well as finding ways in which the high precision data from ATLAS, CMS and LHCb can be used to further refine theoretical predictions for top production.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, proceedings of TOP2014, 7th International Workshop on Top-Quark Physics, Cannes, France
Excess centrosomes induce p53-dependent senescence without DNA damage in endothelial cells
Creators: name: Bautch, V.L.
name: Kushner, E.J.
name: Ruter, D.L.
name: Yu, Z.
Publisher: name: FASEB
Year: 2017

description: Tumor blood vessels support tumor growth and progression. Centrosomes are microtubule organization centers in cells, and often up to 30% of tumor endothelial cells (ECs) acquire excess (>2) centrosomes. Although excess centrosomes can lead to aneuploidy and chromosome instability in tumor cells, how untransformed ECs respond to excess centrosomes is poorly understood. We found that the frequency of primary human ECs with excess centrosomes was quickly reduced in a p53-dependent manner. Excess centrosomes in ECs were associated with p53 phosphorylation at Ser33, increased p21 levels, and decreased cell proliferation and expression of senescence markers, but independent of DNA damage and apoptosis. Aspects of the senescence-associated phenotype were also observed in mouse ECs that were isolated from tumors with excess centrosomes. Primary ECs with excess centrosomes in vascular sprouts also had elevated Ser33 p53 phosphorylation and expressed senescence markers. Our work demonstrates that nontransformed ECs respond differently to excess centrosomes than do most tumor cells-they undergo senescence in vascular sprouts and vessels, which suggests that pathologic outcomes of centrosome overduplication depend on the transformation status of cells.
(501165) Elizabeth Mountain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Modulation of Endothelial Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Activity by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Creators: name: Peterson, L.
name: Kang, H.
name: Chun, H.J.
name: Jin, S.-W.
name: Hu, X.
name: Lee, H.-W.
name: Hwang, E.M.
name: Park, J.-Y.
name: Bautch, V.L.
name: Lee, S.
name: Sofer, A.
name: Kim, J.-D.
name: Pak, B.
name: Papangeli, I.
name: El-Hely, O.
name: Hwangbo, C.
name: Han, J.
name: Wiley, D.S.
name: Comhair, S.
name: Ju, H.
name: Dunworth, W.P.
name: Erzurum, S.C.
name: Thomas, J.-L.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2017

description: Background: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has multiple roles in the development and function of the blood vessels. In humans, mutations in BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2), a key component of BMP signaling, have been identified in the majority of patients with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, only a small subset of individuals with BMPR2 mutation develops PAH, suggesting that additional modifiers of BMPR2 function play an important role in the onset and progression of PAH. Methods: We used a combination of studies in zebrafish embryos and genetically engineered mice lacking endothelial expression of Vegfr3 to determine the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and BMPR2. Additional in vitro studies were performed by using human endothelial cells, including primary lung endothelial cells from subjects with PAH. Results: Attenuation of Vegfr3 in zebrafish embryos abrogated Bmp2b-induced ectopic angiogenesis. Endothelial cells with disrupted VEGFR3 expression failed to respond to exogenous BMP stimulation. Mechanistically, VEGFR3 is physically associated with BMPR2 and facilitates ligand-induced endocytosis of BMPR2 to promote phosphorylation of SMADs and transcription of ID genes. Conditional, endothelial-specific deletion of Vegfr3 in mice resulted in impaired BMP signaling responses, and significantly worsened hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Consistent with these data, we found significant decrease in VEGFR3 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from human PAH subjects, and reconstitution of VEGFR3 expression in PAH pulmonary arterial endothelial cells restored BMP signaling responses. Conclusions: Our findings identify VEGFR3 as a key regulator of endothelial BMPR2 signaling and a potential determinant of PAH penetrance in humans.
Search for the charged-lepton-flavor-violating decay $Z\rightarrow eμ$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the charged-lepton-flavor-violating process $Z\rightarrow eμ$ is presented, using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. An excess in the $eμ$ invariant mass spectrum near the $Z$ boson mass would be a striking signature of new physics. No excess is observed, and an upper limit $B(Z\rightarrow eμ) < 2.62 \times 10^{-7}$ is placed on the branching fraction at 95% confidence level, which is the most stringent limit to date.
description: 33 pages in total, author list starting on page 16, 2 figures, 3 tables, published in Phys. Rev. D (https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.032015). All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2018-35/
Kosten im mehrgeschossigen Holzbau –industrielles Bauen mit Holz –Ausschreibung (LBH)
Creators: name: Koppelhuber Jörg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: BIGWOOD INTERREG
timber constructions
multi-storey timber buildings
design
costs

description: Kostengrundlagen im Holzbau Kostenspezifika im Holzbau Kostenvergleiche im Holzbau Kostenfallen im Holzbau
(501166) Ann [Preston later Parkin]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Cognitive Impact of Chronic Low-level Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Older Adults
Creators: name: Cheshire, Beth
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2023

description: Evidence of cognitive effects associated with low-level carbon monoxide (CO) is limited, but indicates neuropsychological impairments may follow exposure. Home exposure to low-level CO may be an unidentified cause of cognitive impairment that improved awareness could prevent. This thesis consists of a systematic literature review of acute low-level exposure, the development of data analysis methods and the cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the cognitive effects associated with chronic low-level exposure in older adults, a group identified as particularly vulnerable. Effects at a range of extremely low concentrations were analysed to determine thresholds of harm. Results indicated that the cognitive effects follow a trajectory that can be represented on a continuum, from extremely low-level exposure and positive effects through higher concentrations and negative impacts. The proposed continuum can account for reported negative effects, absence of effects, and trends towards positive impacts in different cognitive functions, by small variations in exposure concentration and duration, providing an explanation for inconsistent findings within the literature. This model increases theoretical understanding, bridging the knowledge gap between beneficial effects and CO toxicity. Findings indicate that particular areas of cognition are more vulnerable, and others more resilient, to CO. Analyses also revealed that the relationship between advancing age and specific cognitive functions was moderated by CO exposure, with greater exposure related to increased performance in younger older adults (59-74yrs) and decreased performance in old older adults (75-97yrs), suggesting that measures of frailty, rather than age alone, may be better indicators of CO vulnerability. The research makes a significant contribution to knowledge, proposing a theory that explains the cognitive effects of low-level CO exposure, which could ultimately be used in clinical settings to improve diagnosis and determine thresholds of harm. The analysis method presented provides an approach for future research that, in turn, may produce new evidence to underpin and inform exposure guidelines, policy, legislation and safety technology in order to keep those most vulnerable safe.
Higher states of the $B_c$ meson family
Creators: name: Li, Ting-yan
name: Tang, Long
name: Fang, Zheng-yuan
name: Wang, Chao-hui
name: Pang, Cheng-qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study higher $B_c$ mesons to the $L=S$, $P$, $D$, $F$, $G$ multiplets using the Cornell potential model, which takes account of the screening effect. The calculated mass spectra of $B_c$ states are in reasonable agreement with the present experimental data. Based on the spectroscopy, partial widths of all allowed radiative transitions and strong decays of each state are also evaluated by applying our numerical wave functions. Comparing our results with the former results, we point out the difference among various models and derive new conclusions obtained in this paper. Our theoretical results are valuable for searching more $B_c$ mesons in experiments.
description: 18 pages
Ridgeless Regression with Random Features
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Liu, Yong
name: Zhang, Yingying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies illustrated that kernel ridgeless regression can guarantee good generalization ability without an explicit regularization. In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties of ridgeless regression with random features and stochastic gradient descent. We explore the effect of factors in the stochastic gradient and random features, respectively. Specifically, random features error exhibits the double-descent curve. Motivated by the theoretical findings, we propose a tunable kernel algorithm that optimizes the spectral density of kernel during training. Our work bridges the interpolation theory and practical algorithm.
description: Accepted at IJCAI 2022
Feeding cancer's sweet tooth: Specialized tumour vasculature shuttles glucose in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Dudley, A.C.
name: Bautch, V.L.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2015

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal neoplasm characterized by a 'fortress' of thick collagen fibres, abundant myofibroblasts, and paradoxically reduced vascularization compared to normal pancreas. Despite these features, PDAC shows no reduction in the uptake of glucose that fuels tumour cell survival. In new work published in The Journal of Pathology, Saiyin and colleagues have identified a novel adaptation of PDAC tumour endothelium; namely, 'hairy-like' basal microvilli that increase the total vascular surface area and correlate with regions of highest glucose uptake. Since basal microvilli are not present on normal pancreatic blood vessels, their presence may add diagnostic value and blocking their function is a potential new treatment strategy for PDAC. This novel finding of basal microvilli on PDAC endothelium is a striking example of how phenotypic plasticity in tumour blood vessels contributes to tumour growth and progression, independent of conventional modes of angiogenesis.
Scaling Theory of Electrically Doped 2D Transistors
Creators: name: Ilatikhameneh, Hesameddin
name: Klimeck, Gerhard
name: Appenzeller, Joerg
name: Rahman, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, it is shown that the existing scaling theories for chemically doped transistors cannot be applied to the novel class of electrically doped 2D transistors and the concept of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is not applicable anymore. Hence, a novel scaling theory is developed based on analytic solutions of the 2D Poisson equation. Full band atomistic quantum transport simulations verify the theory and show that the critical design parameters are the physical oxide thickness and distance between the gates. Accordingly, the most optimized electrically doped devices are those with the smallest spacing between the gates and the thinnest oxide, and not the smallest EOT.
description: 3 pages, 2 Figures
Photochemische Indikatoren zur Charakterisierung der Oxidantienbildung bei Hochdruckwetterlagen
Creators: name: Hammer, Max-Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Year: 2001

description: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Charakterisierung der Oxidantienbildung weiterentwickelt und überprüft. Bisher konnte die NOx- bzw. VOC-Sensitivität der Ozonkonzentration in einem bestimmten Gebiet nur mittels numerischer Simulationen ermittelt werden. Ein Konzept, die Gebiete auch durch Messungen zu separieren, fehlte. Als Ausweg aus dieser Situation kann die sogenannte Indikatormethode dienen. Als Indikatoren dienen Konzentrationen oder Konzentrationsverhältnisse von Substanzen, die stellvertretend für die wichtigsten Spezies und Reaktionspfade der troposphärischen Photochemie bei der Oxidantienbildung stehen. Mit der Anwendung der Indikatormethode auf Meßdaten kann die Aussage getroffen werden, ob es zur Verminderung der Ozonkonzentration effektiver ist, die NOx- oder die VOC-Emissionen zu reduzieren. Dazu ist die Festlegung von Übergangswerten notwendig, die die beiden Regime voneinander abgrenzen. Die Konstanz der Übergangswerte ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Anwendung der Indikatormethode auf Meßdaten. Um die Abhängigkeiten der Übergangswerte von den Umgebungs- und Emissionsbedingungen zu bestimmen, werden Chemie-Boxmodellstudien und dreidimensionale Simulationen mit dem numerischen Modell KAMM/DRAIS durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse weiterer Simulationen analysiert. Die Übergangswerte der Indikatoren H2O2/HNO3 und Peroxide/HNO3 weisen dabei die geringsten Sensitivitäten auf. Im weiteren wird untersucht, wie gut mit der Indikatormethode die räumliche Verteilung der Regime bestimmt werden kann. Das Ergebnis der dafür entwickelten quantitativen Methode ist eine relative Trefferquote. Keiner der Indikatoren hat einen vollkommen konstanten Übergangswert. Es werden daher zusätzlich die Trefferquoten bestimmt, die sich bei der Verwendung der ermittelten maximalen und minimalen Übergangswerte ergeben. Nur die Indikatoren H2O2/HNO3 und Peroxide/HNO3 weisen so hohe Trefferquoten auf, daß die Anwendung dieser Indikatoren mit den Übergangswerten 0,2 bzw. 0,3 auf Meßdaten empfohlen werden kann. Abschließend wird eine qualitative Analyse des Einflusses der meteorologischen Bedingungen und der Emissionen auf die räumliche Verteilung der Regime durchgeführt. Als entscheidende Einflußgrößen stellen sich dabei die Höhe der konvektiven Grenzschicht, die Komplexität der Strömung und die Lage der Hauptquellgebiete zur mittleren Strömung heraus. Weitere Ergebnisse sind, daß sich die VOC-sensitiven Gebiete hauptsächlich stromab von den Hauptquellgebieten befinden und daß die maximalen Ozonkonzentrationen in VOC-sensitiven Gebieten zu finden sind.
Additional file 1 of One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Mahboubeh Khaton Ghanbari
name: Gorji, Hasan Abolghasem
name: Behzadifar, Masoud
name: Sanee, Nadia
name: Nafiul Mehedi
name: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist
Krylov-aware stochastic trace estimation
Creators: name: Chen, Tyler
name: Hallman, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A16, 65F50, 65F60, 68W25

description: We introduce an algorithm for estimating the trace of a matrix function $f(\mathbf{A})$ using implicit products with a symmetric matrix $\mathbf{A}$. Existing methods for implicit trace estimation of a matrix function tend to treat matrix-vector products with $f(\mathbf{A})$ as a black-box to be computed by a Krylov subspace method. Like other recent algorithms for implicit trace estimation, our approach is based on a combination of deflation and stochastic trace estimation. However, we take a closer look at how products with $f(\mathbf{A})$ are integrated into these approaches which enables several efficiencies not present in previously studied methods. In particular, we describe a Krylov subspace method for computing a low-rank approximation of a matrix function by a computationally efficient projection onto Krylov subspace.
description: Figure 5.1 differs somewhat from the published version due to a clerical error made when uploading the images to the journal
Dynamic Regulation of Public Franchises with Imperfectly Correlated Demand Shocks
Creators: name: Buso, Marco
name: Dosi, Cesare
name: Moretto, Michele
name: Buso, Marco
name: Dosi, Cesare
name: Moretto, Michele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Public-private partnerships
subject: Public franchises
subject: Adverse selection
subject: Dynamic contracts
subject: Persistent demand shocks

description: In a continuous-time setting, we study the design of a dynamic contract between a government and a private entity, wherein the latter commits to pay the government in return for the exclusive right to sell a service by operating a public facility. Private revenues are modelled as depending on the unobservable ability to seize market opportunities and on imperfectly correlated changes in consumers’ preferences. We show that optimal regulation requires an appropriate combination of fixed and variable payments to the government, acting together both as an information revelation mechanism and as a risk sharing device.