cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universal quantum computing with correlated spin-charge states
Creators: name: Kyriakidis, Jordan
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a universal quantum computing scheme in which the orthogonal qubit states $|0>$ and $|1>$ are identical in their single-particle spin and charge properties. Each qubit is contained in a single quantum dot and gate operations are induced all-electrically by changes in the confinement potential. Within the computational space, these qubits are robust against environmental influences that couple to the system through single-particle channels. Due to the identical spin and charge properties of the $|0>$, $|1>$ states, the lowest-order relaxation and decoherence rates $1/T_1$ and $1/T_2$, within the Born-Markov approximation, both vanish for a large class of environmental couplings. We give explicit pulse sequences for a universal set of gates (phase, $π/8$, Hadamard, \textsc{cnot}) and discuss state preparation, manipulation, and detection.
description: 6 pages, 3 eps figures, revtex4
Dissonance Between Human and Machine Understanding
Creators: name: Zhang, Zijian
name: Singh, Jaspreet
name: Gadiraju, Ujwal
name: Anand, Avishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10

description: Complex machine learning models are deployed in several critical domains including healthcare and autonomous vehicles nowadays, albeit as functional black boxes. Consequently, there has been a recent surge in interpreting decisions of such complex models in order to explain their actions to humans. Models that correspond to human interpretation of a task are more desirable in certain contexts and can help attribute liability, build trust, expose biases and in turn build better models. It is, therefore, crucial to understand how and which models conform to human understanding of tasks. In this paper, we present a large-scale crowdsourcing study that reveals and quantifies the dissonance between human and machine understanding, through the lens of an image classification task. In particular, we seek to answer the following questions: Which (well-performing) complex ML models are closer to humans in their use of features to make accurate predictions? How does task difficulty affect the feature selection capability of machines in comparison to humans? Are humans consistently better at selecting features that make image recognition more accurate? Our findings have important implications on human-machine collaboration, considering that a long term goal in the field of artificial intelligence is to make machines capable of learning and reasoning like humans.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with death, hospitalization, resignation, and sick leave from work among patients with schizophrenia in Japan: a nested case–control study using a large claims database
Creators: name: Inada, Ken
name: Saito, Yoshitaka
name: Baba, Kenji
name: Fukui, Daisuke
name: Masuda, Yuriko
name: Inoue, Sachie
name: Masuda, Takahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary material 1. Definitions of risk factors. Supplementary material 2. Results of univariate logistic regression analysis. Supplementary material 3. Results of logistic regression analysis (without stepwise selection).
Nanoscale field effect transistor for biomolecular signal amplification
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Wang, Xihua
name: Hong, Mi K.
name: Erramilli, Shyamsunder
name: Rosenberg, Carol
name: Mohanty, Pritiraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report amplification of biomolecular recognition signal in lithographically defined silicon nanochannel devices. The devices are configured as field effect transistors (FET) in the reversed source-drain bias region. The measurement of the differential conductance of the nanowire channels in the FET allows sensitive detection of changes in the surface potential due to biomolecular binding. Narrower silicon channels demonstrate higher sensitivity to binding due to increased surface-to-volume ratio. The operation of the device in the negative source-drain region demonstrates signal amplification. The equivalence between protein binding and change in the surface potential is described.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, two-column format. Related papers can be found at http://nano.bu.edu
Dynamically generated 1^+ heavy mesons
Creators: name: Guo, Feng-Kun
name: Shen, Peng-Nian
name: Chiang, Huan-Ching
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using a heavy chiral unitary approach, we study the $S$ wave interactions between heavy vector meson and light pseudoscalar meson. By searching for poles of the unitary scattering amplitudes in the appropriate Riemann sheets, several $1^+$ heavy states are found. In particular, a $D^*K$ bound state with a mass of $2.462\pm0.010$ GeV which should be associated with the recently observed $D_{s1}(2460)$ state is obtained. In the same way, a $B^*{\bar K}$ bound state ($B_{s1}$) with mass of $5.778\pm0.007$ GeV in the bottom sector is predicted. The spectra of the dynamically generated $D_1$ and $B_1$ states in the $I=1/2$ channel are also calculated. One broad state and one narrow state are found in both the charmed and bottom sectors. The coupling constants and decay widths of the predicted states are further investigated.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Corrigendum and Addendum to "Computation of domains of analyticity for the dissipative standard map in the limit of small dissipation" [arXiv:1712.05476]
Creators: name: Bustamante, Adrian P.
name: Calleja, Renato C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We correct some tables and figures in [A.P. Bustamante and R.C. Calleja, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 395 (2019), pp. 15-23, arXiv:1712.05476]. We also report on the new computations that verify the accuracy of the data and extend the results. The new computations have led us to find new patterns in the data that were not noticed before. We formulate some more precise conjectures.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Constraints on Galactic Intermediate Mass Black Holes
Creators: name: Mapelli, M.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Rea, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs; 10^1.3-5 M_sun) are thought to form as relics of Population III stars or from the runaway collapse of stars in young clusters; their number and very existence are uncertain. We ran N-body simulations of Galactic IMBHs, modelling them as a halo population distributed according to a Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) or a more concentrated Diemand, Madau & Moore (DMM) density profile. As IMBHs pass through Galactic molecular/atomic hydrogen regions, they accrete gas, thus becoming X-ray sources. We constrain the density of Galactic IMBHs, Omega_IMBH, by comparing the distribution of simulated X-ray sources with the observed one. From the null detections of Milky Way Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources, and from a comparison of simulations with unidentified sources in the IBIS/ISGRI catalogue we find a strong upper limit Omega_IMBH <= 10^-2 Omega_b (<= 10^-1 Omega_b) for a DMM (NFW) profile, if IMBHs accrete via ADAF disks. Slightly stronger constraints (Omega_IMBH <= 10^-3 Omega_b for a DMM profile; Omega_IMBH <= 10^-2 Omega_b for a NFW profile) can be derived if IMBHs accrete with higher efficiency, such as by forming thin accretion disks. Although not very tight, such constraints are the most stringent ones derived so far in the literature.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; MNRAS, in press
Polarization angle dependence of the breathing modes in confined one-dimensional dipolar bosons
Creators: name: De Palo, S.
name: Orignac, E.
name: Chiofalo, M. L.
name: Citro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probing the radial collective oscillation of a trapped quantum system is an accurate experimental tool to investigate interactions and dimensionality effects. We consider a fully polarized quasi-one dimensional dipolar quantum gas of bosonic dysprosium atoms in a parabolic trap at zero temperature. We model the dipolar gas with an effective quasi-one dimensional Hamiltonian in the single-mode approximation, and derive the equation of state using a variational approximation based on the Lieb-Liniger gas Bethe Ansatz wavefunction or perturbation theory. We calculate the breathing mode frequencies while varying polarization angles by a sum-rule approach, and find them in good agreement with recent experimental findings.
description: 10 pages, 8 PDF figures, RevTex 4.2
Implications of New Technology for the Livestock Sector: Animal Growth Hormones
Creators: name: McClelland, John
name: Kuchler, Fred
name: Reilly, John
name: McClelland, John
name: Kuchler, Fred
name: Reilly, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Animal growth hormones could improve efficiency of meat and dairy production. But, their effects may only reinforce current trends, such as higher productivity, in the livestock and dairy industries. The principal beneficiaries of growth hormones could be consumers, through lower prices for meat and milk. While there is much concern about effects of growth hormone adoption on small farms, there is no clear evidence that growth hormone adoption would favor large farms over small farms. Because growth hormones are one of the first potential commercial products outside the drug industry developed with biotechnology, they have received more scrutiny and raised more public concern than most other new technologies.
Stellar Collapse Dynamics With Neutrino Flavor Changing Neutral Currents
Creators: name: Amanik, Philip S.
name: Fuller, George M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform one-zone simulations of the infall epoch of a pre-supernova stellar core in the presence of neutrino flavor changing scattering interactions. Our calculations give a self-consistent assessment of the relationship between flavor changing rates and the reduction in electron fraction and re-distribution of initial electron lepton number among the neutrino flavors. We discuss and include in our calculations sub-nuclear density medium corrections for flavor changing scattering coherence factors. We find that flavor changing couplings epsilon > 3x10^(-4) in either the electron neutrino - muon neutrino or electron neutrino - tau neutrino channels result in a dynamically significant reduction in core electron fraction relatively soon after neutrino trapping and well before the core reaches nuclear matter density.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, some new text added
A driver visual attention model
Creators: name: Lim, Clark C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis proposes a driver visual information acquisition model which gathers information based on a selective process so events such as distractions can be modelled. This model contains visual information gathering capabilities and visual attention mechanisms based on subjective and objective factors. As the research focused on applicability, the model's framework was designed to be integrated as a component processor within a microscopic computer traffic simulation. The model determines visual attention using two mechanisms: internal and external focusing. The Internal Focusing Mechanism is a proactive attention director. This subjective-based mechanism directs the driver's attention to a general direction such that information relevant to the current task is actively searched for based on the driver's expectancy. The External Focusing Mechanism is a reactive attention director based on the characteristics of the objects within the driver's visual field. External control allows for distractions to be modelled, since irrelevant information may objectively demand higher attention than information relevant to driving. For each visible object, these two control mechanisms determine its Attention Demand Value (ADV). Visual information from the object with the highest ADV is then acquired. The ADV also plays a role in determining the information processing time, amount of attention allocated to driving, and whether visual information is acquired through the foveal or peripheral vision. With the use of this model and its input of various internal and external variables, it is hoped that a variety of driver types with varying visual abilities (e.g. age-related, intoxicated) can be simulated within visually detailed environments. Key Words: visual attention, information acquisition, attention demand value, driver behavior, perceptual object
Thermodynamical phases in a PNJL model at zero temperature
Creators: name: Mattos, Odilon A.
name: Frederico, Tobias
name: Lourenço, Odilon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The confinement/deconfinement transition described the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model is extended to be operative at zero temperature regime. In this study, the scalar and vector channel interaction strengths of the original PNJL model are modified by introducing a dependence on the traced Polyakov loop. In such a way the effective interactions depend on the quark phase and in turn provides a backreaction of the quarks to the gluonic sector, also at zero temperature. On general grounds from quantum chromodynamics this is an expected feature. The thermodynamics of the extended model (PNJL0) is studied in detail. It presents along with a suitable choice of the Polyakov potential, a first order confined/deconfined quark phase transition even at $T=0$. We also show that the vector channel plays an important role in order to allow $Φ\ne0$ solutions for the PNJL0 model. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the combined quarkyonic and deconfinement phases to the vector interaction strength and the proposed parametrization of the Polyakov-loop potential at $T=0$ allowed to set a window for the bulk values of the relevant parameters.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Thermodynamic similarity between the noncommutative Schwarzschild black hole and the Reissner-Nordström black hole
Creators: name: Kim, Wontae
name: Son, Edwin J.
name: Yoon, Myungseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamic quantities and examine the stability of a black hole in a cavity inspired by the noncommutative geometry. It turns out that thermodynamic behavior of the noncommutative black hole is analogous to that of the Reissner-Nordström black hole in the near extremal limit. Moreover, we identify the noncommutative parameter with the squared electric charge with some constants.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
The Influence of Direct Democracy on Agency Costs: Lessons from Corporate Governance
Creators: name: Chahar, Vijit Singh <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: IUS/05 Diritto dell'economia

description: This dissertation seeks to improve the usage of direct democracy in order to minimize agency cost. It first explains why insights from corporate governance can help to improve constitutional law and then identifies relevant insights from corporate governance that can make direct democracy more efficient. 
To accomplish this, the dissertation examines a number of questions. What are the key similarities in corporate and constitutional law? Do these similarities create agency problems that are similar enough for a comparative analysis to yield valuable insights? Once the utility of corporate governance insights is established, the dissertation answers two questions. Are initiatives necessary to minimize agency cost if referendums are already provided for? And, must the results of direct democracy be binding in order for agency cost to be minimized?
Rotational mixing in low-mass stars II. Self-consistent models of Pop II RGB stars
Creators: name: Palacios, A.
name: Charbonnel, C.
name: Talon, S.
name: Siess, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the effects of rotation in low-mass, low-metallicity RGB stars. We present the first evolutionary models taking into account self-consistently the latest prescriptions for the transport of angular momentum by meridional circulation and shear turbulence in stellar interiors as well as the associated mixing processes for chemicals computed from the ZAMS to the upper RGB. We discuss in details the uncertainties associated with the physical description of the rotational mixing and study carefully their effects on the rotation profile, diffusion coefficients, structural evolution, lifetimes and chemical signatures at the stellar surface. We focus in particular on the various assumptions concerning the rotation law in the convective envelope, the initial rotation velocity distribution, the presence of mean molecular weight gradients and the treatment of the horizontal and vertical turbulence. This exploration leads to two main conclusions : (1) After the completion of the first dredge-up, the degree of differential rotation (and hence mixing) is maximised in the case of a differentially rotating convective envelope (i.e., j_CE(r) = cst), as anticipated in previous studies. (2) Even with this assumption, and contrary to some previous claims, the present treatment for the evolution of the rotation profile and associated meridional circulation and shear turbulence does not lead to enough mixing of chemicals to explain the abundance anomalies in low-metallicity field and globular cluster RGB stars observed around the bump luminosity. This study raises questions that need to be addressed in a near future. These include for example the interaction between rotation and convection and the trigger of additional hydrodynamical instabilities.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Miscellaneous verb forms
Creators: name: Escalanti, Jessie W.
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. First 15 minutes of Side B erased, per collector's handwritten annotation on tape. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Automated Large-scale Class Scheduling in MiniZinc
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Mushfiqur
name: Noor, Sabah Binte
name: Siddiqui, Fazlul Hasan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Class Scheduling is a highly constrained task. Educational institutes spend a lot of resources, in the form of time and manual computation, to find a satisficing schedule that fulfills all the requirements. A satisficing class schedule accommodates all the students to all their desired courses at convenient timing. The scheduler also needs to take into account the availability of course teachers on the given slots. With the added limitation of available classrooms, the number of solutions satisfying all constraints in this huge search-space, further decreases. This paper proposes an efficient system to generate class schedules that can fulfill every possible need of a typical university. Though it is primarily a fixed-credit scheduler, it can be adjusted for open-credit systems as well. The model is designed in MiniZinc and solved using various off-the-shelf solvers. The proposed scheduling system can find a balanced schedule for a moderate-sized educational institute in less than a minute.
Tunable Electronic Properties and Large Rashba Splittings Found in Few-Layer Bi$_2$Se$_3$/PtSe$_2$ Van der Waals Heterostructures
Creators: name: Sattar, Shahid
name: Larsson, J. Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use first-principles calculations to show that van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures consisting of few-layer Bi$_2$Se$_3$ and PtSe$_2$ exhibit electronic and spintronics properties that can be tuned by varying the constituent layers. Type-II band alignment with layer-tunable band gaps and type-III band alignment with spin-splittings have been found. Most noticeably, we reveal the coexistence of Rashba-type spin-splittings (with large $α_{\rm R}$ parameters) in both the conduction and valence band stemming from few-layer Bi$_2$Se$_3$ and PtSe$_2$, respectively, which has been confirmed by spin-texture plots. We discuss the role of inversion symmetry breaking, changes in orbital hybridization and spin-orbit coupling in altering electronic dispersion near the Fermi level. Since low-temperature growth mechanisms are available for both materials, we believe that few-layer Bi$_2$Se$_3$/PtSe$_2$ vdW heterostructures are feasible to realize experimentally, offering great potential for electronic and spintronics applications.
Nondegenerate Solitons and their Collisions in Manakov System
Creators: name: Ramakrishnan, R.
name: Stalin, S.
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we have shown that the Manakov equation can admit a more general class of nondegenerate vector solitons, which can undergo collision without any intensity redistribution in general among the modes, associated with distinct wave numbers, besides the already known energy exchanging solitons corresponding to identical wave numbers. In the present comprehensive paper, we discuss in detail the various special features of the reported nondegenerate vector solitons. To bring out these details, we derive the exact forms of such vector one-, two- and three-soliton solutions through Hirota bilinear method and they are rewritten in more compact forms using Gram determinants. The presence of distinct wave numbers allows the nondegenerate fundamental soliton to admit various profiles such as double-hump, flat-top and single-hump structures. We explain the formation of double-hump structure in the fundamental soliton when the relative velocity of the two modes tends to zero. More critical analysis shows that the nondegenerate fundamental solitons can undergo shape preserving as well as shape altering collisions under appropriate conditions. The shape changing collision occurs between the modes of nondegenerate solitons when the parameters are fixed suitably. Then we observe the coexistence of degenerate and nondegenerate solitons when the wave numbers are restricted appropriately in the obtained two-soliton solution. In such a situation we find the degenerate soliton induces shape changing behavior of nondegenerate soliton during the collision process. By performing suitable asymptotic analysis we analyze the consequences that occur in each of the collision scenario. Finally we point out that the previously known class of energy exchanging vector bright solitons, with identical wave numbers, turns out to be a special case of the newly derived nondegenerate solitons.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (2020)
Methods for Automated Text Digitisation
Creators: name: David, Owen
name: Groom Quentin
name: Hardisty Alex
name: Leegwater Thijs
name: Myriam, Van Walsum
name: Wijkamp Noortje
name: Spasić Irena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In this document we describe an effective approach to automated text digitisation with respect to specimen labels. These labels contain much useful data about the specimen including its collector, country of origin and collection date. Our approach to automatically extracting these data takes the form of a pipeline. Recommendations are made for the pipeline’s component parts based on some of the state-of-the-art technologies.
Orbital gyrotropic magneto-electric effect and its strain engineering in monolayer Nb$X_2$
Creators: name: Bhowal, Sayantika
name: Satpathy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical control of the orbital degrees of freedom is an important area of research in the emerging field of "orbitronics." Orbital {\it gyrotropic} magneto-electric effect (OGME) is the generation of an orbital magnetization in a nonmagnetic metal by an applied electric field. Here, we show that strain induces a large GME in the monolayer Nb$X_2$ ($X =$ S, Se) normal to the plane, primarily driven by the orbital moments of the Bloch bands as opposed to the conventional spin magnetization, without any need for spin-orbit coupling. The key physics is captured within an effective two-band valley-orbital model and it is shown to be driven by three key ingredients: the intrinsic valley orbital moment, broken $C_{3z}$ symmetry, and strain-induced Fermi surface changes. The effect can be furthermore switched by changing the strain condition, with potential for future device applications.
Effective Hamiltonian approach to adiabatic approximation in open systems
Creators: name: Yi, X. X.
name: Tong, D. M.
name: Kwek, L. C.
name: OH, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adiabatic approximation in open systems is formulated through the effective Hamiltonian approach. By introducing an ancilla, we embed the open system dynamics into a non-Hermitian quantum dynamics of a composite system, the adiabatic evolution of the open system is then defined as the adiabatic dynamics of the composite system. Validity and invalidity conditions for this approximation are established and discussed. A High-order adiabatic approximation for open systems is introduced. As an example, the adiabatic condition for an open spin-$\frac 1 2$ particle in time-dependent magnetic fields is analyzed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Meta-stable SUSY Breaking Model in Supergravity
Creators: name: Haba, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking model proposed by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih in a supergravity (SUGRA) framework. This is a simple and natural setup which demands neither extra superpotential interactions nor an additional gauge symmetry. In the SUGRA setup, the U(1)R symmetry is explicitly broken by the constant term in the superpotential, and pseudo-moduli field naturally takes non-zero vacuum expectation value through a vanishing cosmological constant condition. Sfermions tend to be heavier than gauginos, and the strong-coupling scale is determined once a ratio of sfermion to gaugino masses is fixed.
description: 13 pages
Extrinsic curvature and conformal Gauss-Bonnet for four-manifolds with corner
Creators: name: McKeown, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C40, 53C18 (Primary), 58J99 (Secondary)

description: This paper defines two new extrinsic curvature quantities on the corner of a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold with corner. One of these is a pointwise conformal invariant, and the conformal transformation of the other is governed by a new linear second-order pointwise conformally invariant partial differential operator. The Gauss-Bonnet theorem is then stated in terms of these quantities.
description: 14 pages
The Food Marketing Revolution, 1950-90
Creators: name: Manchester, Alden C.
name: Manchester, Alden C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Changes in food marketing have been pervasive since World War II. The makeup of the population, lifestyles, incomes, and attitudes on food safety, health, and convenience have drastically changed. These changes mean that farmers and marketers of food products have had to alter the way they market food. The manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and foodservice firms that make up the food marketing system have made vigorous efforts to meet changing consumer wants and needs
Programmable Trigger Logic Unit Based on FPGA Technology
Creators: name: Karstens, F.
name: Trippel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A programmable trigger logic module (TRILOMO) was implemented successfully in an FPGA using their internal look-up tables to save Boolean functions. Up to 16 trigger input signals can be combined logically for a fast trigger decision. The new feature is that the trigger decision is VME register based. The changes are made without modifying the FPGA code. Additionally the module has an excellent signal delay adjustment.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
VLTI images of circumbinary disks around evolved stars
Creators: name: Kluska, Jacques
name: Claes, Rik
name: Corporaal, Akke
name: Van Winckel, Hans
name: Alcolea, Javier
name: Anugu, Narsireddy
name: Berger, Jean-Philippe
name: Bollen, Dylan
name: Bujarrabal, Valentin
name: Izzard, Robert
name: Kamath, Devika
name: Kraus, Stefan
name: Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le
name: Min, Michiel
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Olofsson, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new generation of VLTI instruments (GRAVITY, MATISSE) aims to produce routinely interferometric images to uncover the morphological complexity of different objects at high angular resolution. Image reconstruction is, however, not a fully automated process. Here we focus on a specific science case, namely the complex circumbinary environments of a subset of evolved binaries, for which interferometric imaging provides the spatial resolution required to resolve the immediate circumbinary environment. Indeed, many binaries where the main star is in the post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) phase are surrounded by circumbinary disks. Those disks were first inferred from the infrared excess produced by dust. Snapshot interferometric observations in the infrared confirmed disk-like morphology and revealed high spatial complexity of the emission that the use of geometrical models could not recover without being strongly biased. Arguably, the most convincing proof of the disk-like shape of the circumbinary environment came from the first interferometric image of such a system (IRAS08544-4431) using the PIONIER instrument at the VLTI. This image was obtained using the SPARCO image reconstruction approach that enables to subtract a model of a component of the image and reconstruct an image of its environment only. In the case of IRAS08544-4431, the model involved a binary and the image of the remaining signal revealed several unexpected features. Then, a second image revealed a different but also complex circumstellar morphology around HD101584 that was well studied by ALMA. To exploit the VLTI imaging capability to understand these targets, we started a large program at the VLTI to image post-AGB binary systems using both PIONIER and GRAVITY instruments.
description: 9 pages, Draft of the SPIE Proceedings Volume 11446, Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VII; 114460D (2020)
Additional file 1 of Could admission level of uric acid predict total diuretic dose in acute heart failure?
Creators: name: Chenaghlou, Maryam
name: mahzoon, Fatemeh Abedi
name: Hamzehzadeh, Sina
name: Norouzi, Ali
name: Sahrai, Hadi
name: Mohammadi, Nasibeh
name: haghighi, Negin Khadem
name: Abdollahi, Mirsaeed
name: Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Taban
name: Banisefid, Erfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
On the infrared behavior of Green's functions in Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Maas, Axel
name: Cucchieri, Attilio
name: Mendes, Tereza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-perturbative properties of QCD, such as color confinement, are encoded in the infrared behavior of correlation functions, e.g. propagators and vertices. Various analytic predictions have been suggested for these quantities in various gauges. Here we numerically test these predictions using lattice gauge theory. In particular, we present results for the 2- and 3-point functions for SU(2) Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory in three and in four dimensions. Special attention is paid to systematic finite-volume effects. The gluon and ghost propagators are also evaluated in the so-called interpolating gauge (between the Landau and the Coulomb gauge), in order to study their gauge-dependence. Finally, we consider these propagators in Landau gauge at finite temperature, with the aim of understanding the effect of the deconfinement phase transition on their infrared behavior. All our results are compatible with the so-called Gribov-Zwanziger confinement scenario.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, talk presented by AM at the conference "Infrared QCD in Rio", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 5th-9th of June 2006; submitted to the proceedings
Feature Fusion of Raman Chemical Imaging and Digital Histopathology using Machine Learning for Prostate Cancer Detection
Creators: name: Doherty, Trevor
name: McKeever, Susan
name: Al-Attar, Nebras
name: Murphy, Tiarnan
name: Aura, Claudia
name: Rahman, Arman
name: O'Neill, Amanda
name: Finn, Stephen P
name: Kay, Elaine
name: Gallagher, William M.
name: Watson, R. William G.
name: Gowen, Aoife
name: Jackman, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The diagnosis of prostate cancer is challenging due to the heterogeneity of its presentations, leading to the over diagnosis and treatment of non-clinically important disease. Accurate diagnosis can directly benefit a patient's quality of life and prognosis. Towards addressing this issue, we present a learning model for the automatic identification of prostate cancer. While many prostate cancer studies have adopted Raman spectroscopy approaches, none have utilised the combination of Raman Chemical Imaging (RCI) and other imaging modalities. This study uses multimodal images formed from stained Digital Histopathology (DP) and unstained RCI. The approach was developed and tested on a set of 178 clinical samples from 32 patients, containing a range of non-cancerous, Gleason grade 3 (G3) and grade 4 (G4) tissue microarray samples. For each histological sample, there is a pathologist labelled DP - RCI image pair. The hypothesis tested was whether multimodal image models can outperform single modality baseline models in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Binary non-cancer/cancer models and the more challenging G3/G4 differentiation were investigated. Regarding G3/G4 classification, the multimodal approach achieved a sensitivity of 73.8% and specificity of 88.1% while the baseline DP model showed a sensitivity and specificity of 54.1% and 84.7% respectively. The multimodal approach demonstrated a statistically significant 12.7% AUC advantage over the baseline with a value of 85.8% compared to 73.1%, also outperforming models based solely on RCI and median Raman spectra. Feature fusion of DP and RCI does not improve the more trivial task of tumour identification but does deliver an observed advantage in G3/G4 discrimination. Building on these promising findings, future work could include the acquisition of larger datasets for enhanced model generalization.
description: 19 pages, 8 tables, 18 figures
Computer assisted methods selection for high-rise construction
Creators: name: Sharma, Anoop
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The intention of this thesis is to represent construction methods and resources, determine how their description can be tailored to the project at hand, represent the construction context and key attributes of the design solution, and show how methods and physical description should be linked. Additionally, work is directed at the spectrum of issues that have to be considered in order to judge the feasibility of a method for a given construction and design context, and at how the reasoning about the applicability of a given method to a specific context can at least be partially automated. Several of the concepts developed have been implemented in a research project management system called REPCON. The context of high-rise building construction has been used as a project context.
Automated Intersection Management with MiniZinc
Creators: name: Rahman, Md. Mushfiqur
name: Zahin, Nahian Muhtasim
name: Mahmud, Kazi Raiyan
name: Ansar, Md. Azmaeen Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ill-managed intersections are the primary reasons behind the increasing traffic problem in urban areas, leading to nonoptimal traffic-flow and unnecessary deadlocks. In this paper, we propose an automated intersection management system that extracts data from a well-defined grid of sensors and optimizes traffic flow by controlling traffic signals. The data extraction mechanism is independent of the optimization algorithm and this paper primarily emphasizes the later one. We have used MiniZinc modeling language to define our system as a constraint satisfaction problem which can be solved using any off-the-shelf solver. The proposed system performs much better than the systems currently in use. Our system reduces the mean waiting time and standard deviation of the waiting time of vehicles and avoids deadlocks.
Dynamic correlations in stochastic rotation dynamics
Creators: name: Tuzel, Erkan
name: Ihle, Thomas
name: Kroll, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamic structure factor, vorticity and entropy density dynamic correlation functions are measured for Stochastic Rotation Dynamics (SRD), a particle based algorithm for fluctuating fluids. This allows us to obtain unbiased values for the longitudinal transport coefficients such as thermal diffusivity and bulk viscosity. The results are in good agreement with earlier numerical and theoretical results, and it is shown for the first time that the bulk viscosity is indeed zero for this algorithm. In addition, corrections to the self-diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity arising from the breakdown of the molecular chaos approximation at small mean free paths are analyzed. In addition to deriving the form of the leading correlation corrections to these transport coefficients, the probabilities that two and three particles remain collision partners for consecutive time steps are derived analytically in the limit of small mean free path. The results of this paper verify that we have an excellent understanding of the SRD algorithm at the kinetic level and that analytic expressions for the transport coefficients derived elsewhere do indeed provide a very accurate description of the SRD fluid.
description: 33 pages including 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Effects of anodal tDCS on resting state eeg power and motor function in acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Vimolratana, O.
name: Aneksan, B.
name: Siripornpanich, V.
name: Hiengkaew, V.
name: Prathum, T.
name: Jeungprasopsuk, W.
name: Khaokhiew, T.
name: Vachalathiti, R.
name: Klomjai, W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Data S1. Absolute power of delta and theta in the frontal, the central, and the posterior area during eyes closed. Data S2. High frequency of absolute power sub-analysis (alpha and beta) in the frontal area. Data S3. High frequency of absolute power sub-analysis (alpha and beta) in the central area. Data S4. High frequency of absolute power sub-analysis (alpha and beta) in the posterior area. Data S5. Means raw scores of motor outcomes (FMA-UE, FMA-LE, WMFT-pencil, and WMFT-can) and statistical analysis. Data S6. Summary of received rehabilitation details after intervention were shown in Table A. Fisher exact test reported no significant difference between the groups.
Coyote stories repeated, discussion, songs
Creators: name: Escalanti, Jessie W.
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. Side A, Coyote stories; Side B, discussion of names and songs. For associated notebooks, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 10, folders 18-19. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
422 Million Q Planar Integrated All-Waveguide Resonator with a 3.4 Billion Absorption Limited Q and Sub-MHz Linewidth
Creators: name: Puckett, Matthew W.
name: Liu, Kaikai
name: Chauhan, Nitesh
name: Zhao, Qiancheng
name: Jin, Naijun
name: Cheng, Haotian
name: Wu, Jianfeng
name: Behunin, Ryan O.
name: Rakich, Peter T.
name: Nelson, Karl D.
name: Blumenthal, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High Q optical resonators are a key component for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization, precision spectroscopy and quantum applications. Integration of these resonators in a photonic waveguide wafer-scale platform is key to reducing their cost, size and power as well as sensitivity to environmental disturbances. However, to date, the intrinsic Q of integrated all-waveguide resonators has been relegated to below 150 Million. Here, we report an all-waveguide Si3N4 resonator with an intrinsic Q of 422 Million and a 3.4 Billion absorption loss limited Q. The resonator has a 453 kHz intrinsic linewidth and 906 kHz loaded linewidth, with a finesse of 3005. The corresponding linear loss of 0.060 dB/m is the lowest reported to date for an all-waveguide design with deposited upper cladding oxide. These are the highest intrinsic and absorption loss limited Q factors and lowest linewidth reported to date for a photonic integrated all-waveguide resonator. This level of performance is achieved through a careful reduction of scattering and absorption loss components. We quantify, simulate and measure the various loss contributions including scattering and absorption including surface-state dangling bonds that we believe are responsible in part for absorption. In addition to the ultra-high Q and narrow linewidth, the resonator has a large optical mode area and volume, both critical for ultra-low laser linewidths and ultra-stable, ultra-low frequency noise reference cavities. These results demonstrate the performance of bulk optic and etched resonators can be realized in a photonic integrated solution, paving the way towards photonic integration compatible Billion Q cavities for precision scientific systems and applications such as nonlinear optics, atomic clocks, quantum photonics and high-capacity fiber communications systems on-chip.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Accretion to Magnetized Stars through the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: Global Three-Dimensional Simulations
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Akshay K.
name: Romanova, Marina M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of 3D simulations of MHD instabilities at the accretion disk-magnetosphere boundary. The instability is Rayleigh-Taylor, and develops for a fairly broad range of accretion rates and stellar rotation rates and magnetic fields. It manifests itself in the form of tall, thin tongues of plasma that penetrate the magnetosphere in the equatorial plane. The shape and number of the tongues changes with time on the inner-disk dynamical timescale. In contrast with funnel flows, which deposit matter mainly in the polar region, the tongues deposit matter much closer to the stellar equator. The instability appears for relatively small misalignment angles, $Θ\lesssim30^\circ$, between the star's rotation and magnetic axes, and is associated with higher accretion rates. The hot spots and light curves during accretion through instability are generally much more chaotic than during stable accretion. The unstable state of accretion has possible implications for quasi-periodic oscillations and intermittent pulsations from accreting systems, as well as planet migration.
description: 16 pages, 22 figs. Accepted by MNRAS. v2 comments: Updated some references, changed fig order to match citation order
Miscellaneous songs, verb forms
Creators: name: Escalanti, Jessie W.
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. Side A, songs; Side B, songs and verb forms. Songs on Side B begin on March 26; verb forms on April 26. For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 10, folder 22. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Additional file 1 of Experiences of and recommendations for LGBTQ+-affirming substance use services: an exploratory qualitative descriptive study with LGBTQ+ people who use opioids and other drugs
Creators: name: Paschen-Wolff, Margaret M.
name: DeSousa, Avery
name: Paine, Emily Allen
name: Hughes, Tonda L.
name: Campbell, Aimee N.C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Additional and expanded quotes about LGBTQ+ people’s experiences with and recommendations for providing LGBTQ+-affirming substance use treatment and other services (N=23).