cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reionization after JWST: a photon budget crisis?
Creators: name: Muñoz, Julian B.
name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: Chisholm, John
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
name: Mason, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations are revealing the first galaxies to be prolific producers of ionizing photons, which we argue gives rise to a tension between different probes of reionization. Over the last two decades a consensus has emerged where star-forming galaxies are able to generate enough photons to drive reionization, given reasonable values for their number densities, ionizing efficiencies $ξ_{\rm ion}$ (per unit UV luminosity), and escape fractions $f_{\rm esc}$. However, some new JWST observations infer high values of $ξ_{\rm ion}$ during reionization and an enhanced abundance of earlier ($z\gtrsim 9$) galaxies, dramatically increasing the number of ionizing photons produced at high $z$. Simultaneously, recent low-$z$ studies predict significant escape fractions for faint reionization-era galaxies. Put together, we show that the galaxies we have directly observed ($M_{\rm UV} < -15$) not only can drive reionization, but would end it too early. That is, our current galaxy observations, taken at face value, imply an excess of ionizing photons and thus a process of reionization in tension with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Lyman-$α$ forest. Considering galaxies down to $M_{\rm UV}\approx -11$, below current observational limits, only worsens this tension. We discuss possible avenues to resolve this photon budget crisis, including systematics in either theory or observations.
description: 6+3 pages, 3+2 figures, 1 table, updated to match accepted version
Additional file 3 of The GAMYB gene in rye: sequence, polymorphisms, map location, allele-specific markers, and relationship with α-amylase activity
Creators: name: Bienias, Anna
name: Góralska, Magdalena
name: Masojć, Piotr
name: Paweł Milczarski
name: Myśków, Beata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 Amino acid (aa) composition and polymorphisms of the protein translated from the ScGAMYB. Yellow backlight means differences in aa, pink backlight indicates changes that are important for the 2D protein structure and related to the effect of ScGAMYB on AMY.
Anomalous optical absorption in a random system with scale-free disorder
Creators: name: Diaz, E.
name: Rodriguez, A.
name: Dominguez-Adame, F.
name: Malyshev, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an anomalous behavior of the absorption spectrum in a one-dimensional lattice with long-range-correlated diagonal disorder with a power-like spectrum in the form S(k) ~ 1/k^A. These type of correlations give rise to a phase of extended states at the band center, provided A is larger than a critical value A_c. We show that for A < A_c the absorption spectrum is single-peaked, while an additional peak arises when A > A_c, signalling the occurrence of the Anderson transition. The peak is located slightly below the low-energy mobility edge, providing a unique spectroscopic tool to monitor the latter. We present qualitative arguments explaining this anomaly.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures, uses revtex4
Metabolic specificity in outrigger canoe paddlers
Creators: name: LaBreche, Jane Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Leg drive is encouraged in paddling to increase power per stroke. When involving additional muscle mass during exercise, it can be expected that the metabolic demand would also increase. Treadmill (TM) and paddling ergometer (PE) with leg drive, (PEL) and with no leg drive (PENL) incremental testing to fatigue was recorded in 22 healthy male subjects. Eleven experienced outrigger canoeists (P) (age=35.64±5.66 yrs, ht=179.16±3.81 cm, wt=84.39±9.23 kg) and eleven matched controls (C) (age=36.45±5.66 yrs, ht=178.85±4.07 cm, wt=83.95±8.32 kg) participated. Metabolic variables were monitored using the COSMED K4b² portable metabolic system. Oxygen consumption was significantly increased with the addition of leg drive during maximal exercise on the paddling ergometer (PEL=3.88±0.53, PENL=3.23±0.47 L/min). Paddlers attained a higher percentage (14.58% higher than controls) of treadmill VO2max when using leg drive. Furthermore, trained individuals (the paddling group) were able to reach higher percentages of treadmill VO2max during paddling tests both with legs (P=85.05±7.82 vs. C=67.52±4.58) and without legs (P=70.47±5.47 vs. C=61.79±4.16) when compared to the untrained individuals. There was no significant difference between oxyhaemoglobin saturation levels of paddlers and controls across the three testing conditions. Ventilatory thresholds were significantly higher on the TM than on the PE, but were not significantly different between groups. At exercise intensities of 75% and 100% VO2max during PEL significantly higher breathing frequency (45.57±6.86 vs. 57.71±7.99 br/min respectively), tidal volume (2.20±0.35 vs. 2.57±0.35 L respectively), and minute ventilation (99.44+20.17 vs. 146.84±18.54 L/min respectively) values were recorded in paddlers. In addition, at the same intensities of 75% and 100% VO2max, stroke rate was significantly correlated with breathing frequency (r=0.833, r=0.693 respectively), indicating entrainment in the paddling group. Therefore leg drive does appear to affect the energy cost of paddling. These results suggest that the metabolic demand of exercise is sensitive to the specificity of testing conditions.
VALUE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN DAIRY FARMING: THE CASE OF ROBOTIC MILKING
Creators: name: Andersson, Hans
name: Gunnarsson, Fredrik
name: Brundin, Sven
name: Ekman, Sone
name: Andersson, Hans
name: Gunnarsson, Fredrik
name: Brundin, Sven
name: Ekman, Sone
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Technology innovations
subject: Dairy systems

description: The economic value of the innovation robotic milking systems (AMS) is examined for Swedish dairy operations. A mixed integer mathematical programming model, considering crops, calving distribution, seasonality and capacity constraints of the AMS system, is developed. The marginal value of increasing the capacity of the AMS unit is found to amount to 40-60% of the milk revenues per cow.
Additional file 1 of Engaging citizens in the development of a health system performance assessment framework: a case study in Ireland
Creators: name: Brito Fernandes, Óscar
name: Barbazza, Erica
name: Ivanković, Damir
name: Jansen, Tessa
name: Klazinga, Niek S.
name: Kringos, Dionne S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Internal and external stakeholder panels.
6974: Pte William George Hill
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Served in France with the Labour Corps.
6993: Pte Bert Lipscombe
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: I remember being told of how my great grandfather was in the trenches and that he was discharged due to the effect this had on his legs in particular.
Gauged supersymmetric $\gs$--models and soft breaking terms
Creators: name: Nyawelo, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric non--linear $\gs$--models in four dimensions with a $D$--term potentials can sometimes have singular kinetic metric terms. As the kinetic terms of scalar fields and their chiral fermionic partners are determine by this metric, it follow that their kinetic energy vanishes in the vacuum. In previous work, it has been shown in a simple model that soft supersymmetry breaking terms can lift the degenerate the sigma-model metric and provide a consistent mass-spectra. In this letter I introduce soft breaking terms in a more realistic models based on SO(10) and $E_6$ and compute the resulting mass spectrum.
description: Latex 6 pages, added references, typos corrected; final published version
Additional file 2 of Engaging citizens in the development of a health system performance assessment framework: a case study in Ireland
Creators: name: Brito Fernandes, Óscar
name: Barbazza, Erica
name: Ivanković, Damir
name: Jansen, Tessa
name: Klazinga, Niek S.
name: Kringos, Dionne S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Citizen panel recruitment scheme and considerations.
Supplementary materials to "Associations and interactions between neuroticism, adverse life events and health anxiety: Results from a large representative cohort" [Other]
Creators: name: Lamm, Thomas Tandrup
name: Mehlsen, Mimi Yung
name: Carstensen, Tina Birgitte Wisbech
name: Wellnitz, Kaare Bro
name: Ørnbøl, Eva
name: Dantoft, Thomas Meinertz
name: Fink, Per
name: Petersen, Marie Weinreich
name: Frostholm, Lisbeth
Publisher: name: PsychOpen GOLD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: health anxiety
subject: neuroticism
subject: adversity
subject: Diathesis Stress Model
subject: cohort study
subject: effect moderation
subject: 150

description: Supplementary materials [Other]. The related article is Lamm, T. T., Mehlsen, M. Y., Carstensen, T. B. W., Wellnitz, K. B., Ørnbøl, E., Dantoft, T. M., Fink, P., Petersen, M. W., & Frostholm, L. (2025). Associations and interactions between neuroticism, adverse life events and health anxiety: Results from a large representative cohort. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 7(2), Article e14441. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.14441
description: The Supplementary Materials contain the following items: Appendix A: Syntax of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), Appendix B: Ordinal logistical regression models of the association between neuroticism, adverse life events, and health anxiety with interactions, Appendix C: Description of measures used in supplementary analyses and descriptive statistics, and Appendix D: Results of supplementary analyses.
The Origin of the Stellar Mass Distribution and Multiplicity
Creators: name: Lee, Yueh-Ning
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: André, Philippe
name: Zinnecker, Hans
name: Ballesteros-Paredes, Javier
name: Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this chapter, we review some historical understanding and recent advances on the Initial Mass Function (IMF) and the Core Mass Function (CMF), both in terms of observations and theories. We focus mostly on star formation in clustered environment since this is suggested by observations to be the dominant mode of star formation. The statistical properties and the fragmentation behaviour of turbulent gas is discussed, and we also discuss the formation of binaries and small multiple systems.
description: Review chapter published in Space Science Reviews
Fast Waveform Generation for Gravitational Waves using Evolutionary Algorithms
Creators: name: Meijer, Quirijn
name: Caudill, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave analyses depend heavily on waveforms that model the evolution of compact binary coalescences as seen by observing detectors. In many cases these waveforms are given by waveform approximants, models that approximate the amplitude and phase of the waveform at a set of frequencies. Because of their omnipresence, improving the speed at which approximants can generate waveforms is crucial to accelerating the overall analysis of gravitational-wave detections. An optimisation algorithm is proposed that can select at which frequencies in the spectrum an approximant should compute the power of a waveform, and at which frequencies the power can be safely interpolated at a minor loss in accuracy. The algorithm used is an evolutionary algorithm modeled after the principle of natural selection, iterating frequency arrays that perform better at every iteration. As an application, the candidates proposed by the algorithm are used to reconstruct signal-to-noise ratios. It is shown that the IMRPhenomXPHM approximant can be sped up by at least 30% at a loss of at most 2.87% on the drawn samples, measured by the accuracy of the reconstruction of signal-to-noise ratios. The behaviour of the algorithm as well as lower bounds on both speedup and error are explored, leading to a proposed proof of concept candidate that obtains a speedup of 46% with a maximum error of 0.5% on a sample of the parameter space used.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 2 of Investigation of mechanisms underlying chaotic genetic patchiness in the intertidal marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Brachyura: Grapsidae) across the Ligurian Sea
Creators: name: A. Iannucci
name: Cannicci, S.
name: I. Caliani
name: M. Baratti
name: C. Pretti
name: S. Fratini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Optimal number of clusters defined by Evanno et al. (2005) ∆K (A, K = 2) and the Bayesian Information Content (BIC) value (B, K = 4).
HEDGING WITH INDIVIDUAL AND INDEX-BASED CONTRACTS
Creators: name: Mahul, Olivier
name: Mahul, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: We examine the optimal hedging strategy with an individual insurance policy, sold at an unfair price, and a fair contract based on an index, which is imperfectly correlated with the individual loss. The tradeoff between transaction costs and basis risk is first analyzed in the expected utility framework in order to highlight the role of the agent's attitude toward risk, and then in the linear mean-variance model to stress the importance of the degree of correlation between the individual loss and the index.
Acceleration noise constraints on gravity induced entanglement
Creators: name: Großardt, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that quantum features of the gravitational field can be exposed experimentally by employing gravity as a mediator of entanglement. We show that in order to witness this type of entanglement experimentally, strong limits on acceleration noise, which has been neglected in previous work, must be overcome. In the case of two particles of similar mass, Casimir-Polder forces lead to a fundamental limit of tenths of femtometers per second squared per root Hertz. Limits are between three and six orders of magnitude less strict for two particles of unequal mass, depending on collisional decoherence.
Probing the partonic structure of exotic particles in hard electroproduction
Creators: name: Anikin, I. V.
name: Pire, B.
name: Szymanowski, L.
name: Teryaev, O. V.
name: Wallon, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the electroproduction of exotic particles is a useful tool for study of their partonic structure. In the case of hybrid mesons, the magnitude of their cross sections shows that they are accessible for measurements in existing electroproduction experiments.
description: 10 pages Latex, 5 figs., talk at Three Days of Hadronic Physics (HLPR04): Joint Meeting Heidelberg-Liege-Paris-Rostock, Liege, Belgium, 16-18 Dec 2004
$L^p$ estimates for multilinear convolution operators defined with spherical measure
Creators: name: Shrivastava, Saurabh
name: Shuin, Kalachand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A85, 42B15, 42B25

description: Let $σ=(σ_{1},σ_{2},\dots,σ_{n})\in \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ and $dσ$ denote the normalised Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1},~n\geq 2$. For functions $f_1, f_2,\dots,f_n$ defined on $\R$ consider the multilinear operator given by $$T(f_{1},f_{2},\dots,f_{n})(x)=\int_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}\prod^{n}_{j=1}f_{j}(x-σ_j)dσ, ~x\in \R.$$ In this paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on exponents $p_1,p_2,\dots,p_n$ and $r$ for which the operator $T$ is bounded from $\prod_{j=1}^n L^{p_j}(\R)\rightarrow L^r(\R),$ where $1\leq p_j,r\leq \infty, j=1,2,\dots,n.$ This generalizes the results obtained in~\cite{jbak,oberlin}.
THE EFFECTS OF US/CANADA TRADE ON PRODUCTION COSTS AND PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Lambert, David K.
name: Schuck, Eric C.
name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Schuck, Eric C.
name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Increased international trade can affect production costs by promoting changing input and output prices and by promoting technological innovation. Econometric results suggest increasing state exports of agricultural products and rising US/Canada agricultural trade has shifted production costs from labor and material inputs towards capital and land and that trade-induced technological improvements have driven down production costs in the Great Plains.
9925: Chinese Trench Art
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: This piece of trench art is made from a German artillery shell by a member of the Chinese Labour Corps. Chinese characters and other designs have been etched on to the surface. It is a very unusual artefact and offers us a rare glimpse of the First World War through non-Western eyes. The characters on one side read 'Chinese Republic' (top to bottom) and 'Eighth Year, Seventh Month' (right to left); ie, the year 1919. Here the creator explicitly identifies himself with the newly formed Chinese Republic. The characters on the other side read 'White man's culture is in decline, but the women of the Western countries are as fierce as the men of the East'. The creator was shocked that his first encounter with Western culture was the mass destruction of the Western Front, but was equally intrigued to find that women were educated and did men's jobs. Returning Chinese veterans founded some of the first schools for girls in China. The Chinese Labour Corps were volunteers employed by the British Army to dig trenches, move munitions and supplies and other hard labour tasks. This shell s a German one, probably picked up by a labourer clearing the battlefields after the war. Of approximately 90,000 members of the Chinese Labour Corps, only about 80 pieces of trench art like this have been documented, making this a very rare find. The contributor found it in an antique shop in the UK.
6943: Sergeant-Major Charles Stone (Part 1)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Sergeant-Major Charles STONE, No 1337, "C" Coy (Leigh) Essex Volunteers, M.S.M. Sergeant Major Stone lived at 12 Victoria Road, Leigh-on-Sea. He was born in Wiltshire and went to sea after leaving school, subsequently serving 21 years with the 3rd Dragoon Guards, seeing fighting in India, Egypt and South Africa, spending 18 months as A.D.C. to Lord Roberts. He was awarded the M.S.M. as a W.O.1. and subsequently served in the Natal Police, twice having a hip fractured and the top of his thumb shot off. He moved to Leigh from Clay End near Waltham, Hertfordshire in 1912. He volunteered at the outbreak as a drill instructor, joining "C" Coy (Leigh) of the Essex Volunteers, becoming C.S.M. then R.S.M. he was later appointed Recruiting Warrant Officer at Southend in June 1915. On the 13th June 1917 he was travelling to London on a Medical Board Train (to which he was attached "Engaged on Secret Duties") when he was killed by a bomb at Liverpool Street Station during an air raid, aged 58. At the subsequent inquest it was revealed that his body had been terribly mutilated and that he was only identified by his clothing. It was decided that he had died of shock due to injuries of the head and neck and a composite fracture of the left thigh. He left a son and daughter by his first wife, and two daughters by his second. He was buried in War Grave BB.47 in Leigh-on-Sea cemetery.
Additional file 3 of Engaging citizens in the development of a health system performance assessment framework: a case study in Ireland
Creators: name: Brito Fernandes, Óscar
name: Barbazza, Erica
name: Ivanković, Damir
name: Jansen, Tessa
name: Klazinga, Niek S.
name: Kringos, Dionne S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Citizen recruitment screening questionnaire.
MPC using mixed-integer programming for aquifer thermal energy storages
Creators: name: van Randenborgh, Johannes
name: Darup, Moritz Schulze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Aquifer thermal energy storages (ATES) are used to temporally store thermal energy in groundwater saturated aquifers. Typically, two storages are combined, one for heat and one for cold, to support heating and cooling of buildings. This way, the use of classical fossil fuel-based heating, ventilation, and air conditioning can be significantly reduced. Exploiting the benefits of ATES beyond "seasonal" heating in winter and cooling in summer as well as meeting legislative restrictions requires sophisticated control. We propose a tailored model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the sustainable operation of ATES systems, which mainly builds on a novel model and objective function. The new approach leads to a mixed-integer quadratic program. Its performance is evaluated on real data from an ATES system in Belgium.
Is DPO Superior to PPO for LLM Alignment? A Comprehensive Study
Creators: name: Xu, Shusheng
name: Fu, Wei
name: Gao, Jiaxuan
name: Ye, Wenjie
name: Liu, Weilin
name: Mei, Zhiyu
name: Wang, Guangju
name: Yu, Chao
name: Wu, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is currently the most widely used method to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Existing RLHF methods can be roughly categorized as either reward-based or reward-free. Novel applications such as ChatGPT and Claude leverage reward-based methods that first learn a reward model and apply actor-critic algorithms, such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). However, in academic benchmarks, state-of-the-art results are often achieved via reward-free methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). Is DPO truly superior to PPO? Why does PPO perform poorly on these benchmarks? In this paper, we first conduct both theoretical and empirical studies on the algorithmic properties of DPO and show that DPO may have fundamental limitations. Moreover, we also comprehensively examine PPO and reveal the key factors for the best performances of PPO in fine-tuning LLMs. Finally, we benchmark DPO and PPO across a collection of RLHF testbeds, ranging from dialogue to code generation. Experiment results demonstrate that PPO is able to surpass other alignment methods in all cases and achieve state-of-the-art results in challenging code competitions. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/openpsi-project/ReaLHF.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, 14 tables
Additional file 3 of Investigation of mechanisms underlying chaotic genetic patchiness in the intertidal marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Brachyura: Grapsidae) across the Ligurian Sea
Creators: name: A. Iannucci
name: Cannicci, S.
name: I. Caliani
name: M. Baratti
name: C. Pretti
name: S. Fratini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Linkage disequilibrium among loci assessed for the totality of populations using FSTAT 2.9.3.2 (Goudet 1995). For each pair of loci analysed, the software computes a correlation coefficient r2 over the entire population and for each population. A threshold r2 value above 0.8 indicates a non-random association between the alleles present at two genetic loci (Carlson et al. 2004). Significant P-values (after Bonferroni corrections at P
Additional file 4 of Engaging citizens in the development of a health system performance assessment framework: a case study in Ireland
Creators: name: Brito Fernandes, Óscar
name: Barbazza, Erica
name: Ivanković, Damir
name: Jansen, Tessa
name: Klazinga, Niek S.
name: Kringos, Dionne S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Citizen brief and workshop programme.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Gladwin, Christina H.
name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Gladwin, Christina H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The study investigates the relative importance of supply-side and demand-side factors of household food security through a logistic regression analysis applied to data collected from 247 sample households in Southern Ethiopia. Among the nine factors included in the model, seven were identified as statistically significant determinants of household food security: technological adoption, farming system, farm size, land quality, household size, per capita aggregate production and access to market. Among these, technological adoption, farming system, farm size, and land quality are supply-side factors. Household size, per capita aggregate production, and access to market are demand-side factors. Based on the magnitude of their partial effects on the probability of food security, supply-side factors are more powerful than the demand-side factors in determining household food security, implying that interventions focused on these factors need to get priority attention by policy, research and extension.
Exact first-passage time distributions for three random diffusivity models
Creators: name: Grebenkov, D. S.
name: Sposini, V.
name: Metzler, R.
name: Oshanin, G.
name: Seno, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extremal properties of a stochastic process $x_t$ defined by a Langevin equation $\dot{x}_t=\sqrt{2 D_0 V(B_t)}\,ξ_t$, where $ξ_t$ is a Gaussian white noise with zero mean, $D_0$ is a constant scale factor, and $V(B_t)$ is a stochastic "diffusivity" (noise strength), which itself is a functional of independent Brownian motion $B_t$. We derive exact, compact expressions for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the first passage time (FPT) $t$ from a fixed location $x_0$ to the origin for three different realisations of the stochastic diffusivity: a cut-off case $V(B_t) =Θ(B_t)$ (Model I), where $Θ(x)$ is the Heaviside theta function; a Geometric Brownian Motion $V(B_t)=\exp(B_t)$ (Model II); and a case with $V(B_t)=B_t^2$ (Model III). We realise that, rather surprisingly, the FPT PDF has exactly the Lévy-Smirnov form (specific for standard Brownian motion) for Model II, which concurrently exhibits a strongly anomalous diffusion. For Models I and III either the left or right tails (or both) have a different functional dependence on time as compared to the Lévy-Smirnov density. In all cases, the PDFs are broad such that already the first moment does not exist. Similar results are obtained in three dimensions for the FPT PDF to an absorbing spherical target.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX
Simple solutions to the Einstein Equations in spaces with unusual topology
Creators: name: Bondarescu, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss simple vacuum solutions to the Einstein Equations in five dimensional space-times compactified in two different ways. In such spaces, one black hole phase and more then one black string phase may exist. Several old metrics are adapted to new background topologies to yield new solutions to the Einstein Equations. We then briefly talk about the angular momentum they may carry, the horizon topology and phase transitions that may occur.
description: Published versions. Includes referee input. 10 pages, 3 figures
WHO PAYS THE COSTS OF NON-GMO SEGREGATION AND IDENTITY PRESERVATION, AND WHO IS TO BLAME?
Creators: name: Desquilbet, Marion
name: Bullock, David S.
name: Desquilbet, Marion
name: Bullock, David S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The paper analyzes the welfare effects of the introduction of GMO technology into a market in which a fraction of consumers refuses to buy GMOs. Our theoretical model recognizes that segregation and identity preservation (IP) of non-GMOs may create costs for both IP producers and non-IP producers. Our results show how GMO-hating consumers may win or lose from the introduction of GMO technology. If IP creates costs for non-IP producers, indifferent consumers and GMO producers may be made worse off because others refuse to consume GMOs. If GMO rejection is strong, IP producers win when GMOs are introduced, even though they do not produce GMOs.
Asymptotic cosmological solutions for string/brane gases with solitonic fluxes
Creators: name: Campos, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new cosmological solutions for brane gases with solitonic fluxes that can dynamically explain the existence of three large spatial dimensions. This reasserts the importance of fluxes for understanding the full space of solutions in a potential implementation of the Brandenberger-Vafa mechanism with M2-branes. Additionally, we study a particular example in which the cosmological dynamics supported by a string gas with a NS flux in the ten-dimensional dilaton gravity framework is asymptotically equivalent to that of a M2-brane gas with a certain wrapping configuration in eleven-dimensional supergravity. We speculate that this connection between the ten- and eleven-dimensional implementations of the Brandenberger-Vafa mechanism could be a general feature.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, revtex4
Additional file 5 of Engaging citizens in the development of a health system performance assessment framework: a case study in Ireland
Creators: name: Brito Fernandes, Óscar
name: Barbazza, Erica
name: Ivanković, Damir
name: Jansen, Tessa
name: Klazinga, Niek S.
name: Kringos, Dionne S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Citizen panel exit questionnaire.
Matrix Element Distribution as a Signature of Entanglement Generation
Creators: name: Weinstein, Yaakov S.
name: Hellberg, C. Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore connections between an operator's matrix element distribution and its entanglement generation. Operators with matrix element distributions similar to those of random matrices generate states of high multi-partite entanglement. This occurs even when other statistical properties of the operators do not conincide with random matrices. Similarly, operators with some statistical properties of random matrices may not exhibit random matrix element distributions and will not produce states with high levels of multi-partite entanglement. Finally, we show that operators with similar matrix element distributions generate similar amounts of entanglement.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, to be published PRA, partially supersedes quant-ph/0405053, expands quant-ph/0502110
Additional file 2 of The GAMYB gene in rye: sequence, polymorphisms, map location, allele-specific markers, and relationship with α-amylase activity
Creators: name: Bienias, Anna
name: Góralska, Magdalena
name: Masojć, Piotr
name: Paweł Milczarski
name: Myśków, Beata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Coding sequence of ScGAMYB and SNPs differentiating six rye inbred lines.
Non-Born effects in scattering of electrons in a conducting strip with low concentration of impurities
Creators: name: Peshcherenko, N. S.
name: Ioselevich, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the theory of non-Born effects in resistivity $ρ$ of clean conducting tubes (developed in our previous work arXiv:1810.00426) to ``strips'' -- quasi-one-dimensional structures in 2D conductors. Here also an original Van Hove singularity in dependence of $ρ$ on the position of chemical potential $\varepsilon$ is asymmetrically split in two peaks for attracting impurities. However, since amplitudes of scattering at impurities depend on their positions, these peaks are inhomogeneously broadened. Strongest broadening occurs in the left peak, arising, for attracting impurities, due to scattering at quasistationary levels. In contrast with the case of tube these levels form not a unique sharp line, but a relatively broad impurity band with a weak quasi-Van Hove feature on its lower edge. Different parts of $ρ(\varepsilon)$ are dominated by different groups of impurities: close to the minimum the most effective scatterers, paradoxically are the ``weakest'' impurities -- those, located close to nodes of the electronic wave-function, so that the bare scattering matrix elements are suppressed. The quasi-Van Hove feature at left maximum is dominated by strongest impurites, located close to antinodes.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Thouless pumping and trapping of two-component gap solitons
Creators: name: Lyu, Hao
name: Zhang, Yongping
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Thouless pumping and arresting of gap solitons in a two-component Bose gas loaded into an optical superlattice. We show that, depending on the atomic interactions and chemical potentials, the two solitons can be simultaneously pumped or trapped, but we also identify regimes where one soliton is pumped and the other arrested. These behaviors can be understood by considering an effective model of the system based on a variational approach, which reveals that the soliton width is a suitable qualifier for the observed behaviours: solitons with a larger width get transported, while solitons with a smaller width get trapped. Since these width can be controlled by tuning interactions, it should be possible to observe all behaviours experimentally.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Evolution of a Kerr-Newman black hole in a dark energy universe
Creators: name: Madrid, José A. Jiménez
name: González-Díaz, Pedro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the study of the accretion of dark energy with equation of state $p=wρ$ onto Kerr-Newman black holes. We have obtained that when $w>-1$ the mass and specific angular momentum increase, and that whereas the specific angular momentum increases up to a given plateau, the mass grows up unboundedly. On the regime where the dominant energy condition is violated our model predicts a steady decreasing of mass and angular momentum of black holes as phantom energy is being accreted. Masses and and angular momenta of all black holes tend to zero when one approaches the big rip. The results that cosmic censorship is violated and that the black hole size increases beyond the universe size itself are discussed in terms of considering the used models as approximations to a more general descriptions where the metric is time-dependent.
description: 11 figures added. Some explanations extended. E-mails updated. References updated. Conclusions unchanged. Accepted in Gravitation & Cosmology
6051: Sgt. James (Jim) Clelland Gillies (457733)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: James (Jim) Clelland Gillies was born 16 January 1892 in the small mining village of East Benhar, West Lothian, Scotland. His family relocated several times throughout the West Lothian and Lanarkshire localities and at the time of enlisted Jim was employed as a Coal Miner living at 50 Budhill Avenue, Shettleston, Glasgow. He enlisted on 13 November 1914 and served with Royal Field Artillery, serving in France. He was awarded the Military Medal for bravery in the field, as well as the British War and Victory Medal. On enlistment, Jim's rank was Private, however he steadily rose to the rank of Sergeant and would see active service between 26 September 1915 to 4 October 1918.
AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FOR MEAT AND FISH PRODUCTS IN KOREA
Creators: name: Jung, Jione
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Jung, Jione
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: demand
subject: almost ideal demand system
subject: meat
subject: fish
subject: endogeneity
subject: Rotterdam model
subject: separabiilty
subject: estimator

description: This study analyzes the structure of Korean meat and fish product demand. The Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) is used to estimate Korean meat and fish demand. Since the expenditure term is endogenous, the three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimator is used to estimate the demand system. Empirical results indicate that beef imports would increase with increases in per capita income. If imported beef becomes less expensive as a result of the trade liberalization policy adopted by the Korean government, Hanwoo beef would not be competitive and could lose its market share. Pork and chicken would be able to maintain market shares, but most fish products would lose market shares.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCING CARROTS IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: carrots
subject: quadratic programming
subject: North Dakota

description: This report evaluates the U.S. carrot market using a quadratic programming algorithm. North Dakota ships carrots locally and to Minnesota under both the base and 1,000 acre scenarios. North Dakota starts to ship carrots to Illinois as it produces more under other alternative scenarios. This clearly indicates that North Dakota has a comparative advantage in producing carrots over other neighboring states. North Dakota could produce about 8,000 acres of carrots and market them to North Dakota, Minnesota, and Illinois. Additional production of carrots in North Dakota may not affect the national average price of carrots, but local prices may be affected due to regional competition.
6053: L/Cpl. 65038,Bertram John White, R.E.
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Bertram John White was born at Cobham, Surrey, on the 4th September 1879. He was the youngest child of George White (1845 to 1905) and Emily White (nee Miles), (1846 to 1928). George was a carpenter, latterly estate carpenter at Painshill. Bertram's elder siblings were Arthur (born 1867), George (1869), Walter (1872), Agnes (1874 to 1929) and Eustace (1877). As a young man, Bertram joined the army and took part in the relief of Ladysmith during the Boer (South African) war. After completing his service, he travelled in South America and the USA. By 1912 he was employed as a carpenter at the North-East Argentine Railway (F.C.N.E.A.) at Monte Caseros, Corrientes. His brother Arthur was also employed by the F.C.N.E.A. and Walter was elsewhere in Argentina. Eustace is believed to have gone to New York. Agnes never married and was a domestic servant and later a children's governess. After the outbreak of the Great War, Bertram offered his services at the British Embassy in Buenos Aires. Sailing home on "Alcantara", he reached Liverpool on the 28th December 1914. He joined the Royal Engineers on the 20th January 1915, with the service number of 65038, reaching the rank of Lance-Corporal. His address on enlistment was given as Glenhurst, Cobham (believed to be Agnes' address). Initially with the 130th Field Company at Aldershot, he was later at the R.E. Training Centre at Newark-on-Trent and finally with the Tyne Electrical Engineers. After ill-health he left the army on 28th September 1918, being granted a Silver War Badge. Upon discharge, Bertram returned to Newark to marry Winifred Spencer. Their only child, Kathleen Agnes was born in 1919 (Winifred already had a son, Edgar). The family settled in Offord D'Arcy near Huntingdon. Bertram worked as a carpenter, engineer and mill wright. He died in 1965.
Observational manifestations of anomaly inflow
Creators: name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In theories with chiral couplings, one of the important consistency requirements is that of the cancellation of a gauge anomaly. In particular, this is one of the conditions imposed on the hypercharges in the Standard Model. However, anomaly cancellation condition of the Standard Model looks unnatural from the perspective of a theory with extra dimensions. Indeed, if our world were embedded into an odd-dimensional space, then the full theory would be automatically anomaly free. In this paper we discuss the physical consequences of anomaly non-cancellation for effective 4-dimensional field theory. We demonstrate that in such a theory parallel electric and magnetic fields get modified. In particular, this happens for any particle possessing both electric charge and magnetic moment. This effect, if observed, can serve as a low energy signature of extra dimensions. On the other hand, if such an effect is absent or is very small, then from the point of view of any theory with extra dimensions it is just another fine-tuning and should acquire theoretical explanation.
description: 23 pages plus appendices, 3 figures. v2: final journal version. References added; corrections to Appendix C
A multiple inflated negative binomial hurdle regression model: analysis of the Italians' tourism behaviour during the Great Recession
Creators: name: Bocci, Chiara
name: Grassini, Laura
name: Rocco, Emilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyse tourism behaviour of Italian residents in the period covering the 2008 Great Recession. Using the Trips of Italian Residents in Italy and Abroad quarterly survey, carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, we investigate whether and how the economic recession has affected the total number of overnight stays. The response variable is the result of a two-stage decision process: first we choose to take a holiday, then for how long. Moreover, since the number of overnight stays is typically concentrated on specific lengths (week-end, week, fortnight) we observe multiple peculiar spikes in its distribution. To take into account these two distinctive characteristics, we generalise the usual hurdle regression model by specifying a multiple inflated truncated negative binomial distribution for the positive responses. Results show that the economic recession impacted negatively on both components of the decision process and that, by controlling for the inflated nature of the response variable's distribution, the proposed formulation provides a better representation of the Italians' tourism behaviour in comparison with non-inflated hurdle models. Given this, we believe that our model can be a useful tool for policy makers who are trying to forecast the effects of new targeted policies to support tourism economy.
Bijective counting of tree-rooted maps and shuffles of parenthesis systems
Creators: name: Bernardi, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05C30

description: The number of tree-rooted maps, that is, rooted planar maps with a distinguished spanning tree, of size $n$ is C(n)C(n+1) where C(n)=binomial(2n,n)/(n+1) is the nth Catalan number. We present a (long awaited) simple bijection which explains this result. We prove that our bijection is isomorphic to a former recursive construction on shuffles of parenthesis systems due to Cori, Dulucq and Viennot.