cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Photometric System for Detection of Water and Methane Ices on Kuiper Belt Objects
Creators: name: Trujillo, Chadwick A.
name: Sheppard, Scott S.
name: Schaller, Emily L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new near-infrared photometric system for detection of water ice and methane ice in the solar system. The system consists of two medium-band filters in the K-band region of the near-infrared, which are sensitive to water ice and methane ice, plus continuum observations in the J-band and Y-band. The primary purpose of this system is to distinguish between three basic types of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) --- those rich in water ice, those rich in methane ice, and those with little absorbance. In this work, we present proof-of-concept observations of 51 KBOs using our filter system, 21 of which have never been observed in the near-IR spectroscopically. We show that our custom photometric system is consistent with previous spectroscopic observations while reducing telescope observing time by a factor of 3. We use our filters to identify Haumea collisional family members, which are thought to be collisional remnants of a much larger body and are characterized by large fractions of water ice on their surfaces. We add 2009 YE7 to the Haumea collisional family based on our water ice band observations(J-H2O = -1.03 +/- 0.27) which indicate a high amount of water ice absorption, our calculated proper orbital elements, and the neutral optical colors we measured, V-R = 0.38 +/- 0.04, which are all consistent with the rest of the Haumea family. We identify several objects dynamically similar to Haumea as being distinct from the Haumea family as they do not have water ice on their surfaces. In addition, we find that only the largest KBOs have methane ice, and we find that Haumea itself has significantly less water ice absorption than the smaller Haumea family members. We find no evidence for other families in the Kuiper Belt.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures
The Peaceable Kingdom: A Primer in Christian Ethics
Creators: name: Hauerwas, Stanley
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Stanley Hauerwas presents an overall introduction to the themes and method that have distinguished his vision of Christian ethics. Emphasizing the significance of Jesus' life and teaching in shaping moral life, _The Peaceable Kingdom_ stresses the narrative character of moral rationality and the necessity of a historic community and tradition for morality. Hauerwas systematically develops the importance of character and virtue as elements of decision making and spirituality and stresses nonviolence as critical for shaping our understanding of Christian ethics.\u000a\u000a\u00A9 University of Notre Dame\u000a\u000aCopyright for most content is held by The University of Notre Dame. Reproduction of all or any portion of content constitutes a violation of copyright. You must obtain permission from The Copyright Clearance Center or The University of Notre Dame Press in order to reprint (or adapt) content.\u000a\u000ap: (574) 631-6346 \ e: undpress@nd\.edu \ website: copyright\.com
Non-resonant inter-species interaction and its effect on the position response function of cold atoms
Creators: name: Misra, Anirban
name: Satpathi, Urbashi
name: Sinha, Supurna
name: Roy, Sanjukta
name: Chaudhuri, Saptarishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of non-equilibrium statistical physics, the position response of a particle, coupled to a bath, subjected to an external force is a topic of broad interest. A topic of further interest is two distinguishable sets of interacting particles in contact with two different baths. Here, we report the experimental evidence of the modification of the position response function (PRF) of an ensemble of cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap when it is placed alongside a dilute cloud of cold atoms of a different species. Our experiment consists of a mass-imbalanced cold atomic mixture of Potassium and Sodium atoms. We focus on the position response of Potassium atoms when subjected to a sudden displacement in the presence of a cold Sodium atomic cloud. Notably, we find that, in the underdamped regime of motion, the oscillation frequency of motion of the cold atoms changes as much as 30 $\%$ depending on the effective inter-species light-assisted interaction strength. On the other hand, in the overdamped regime, there is a reduction, as high as 10.5 $\%$ in the damping coefficient, depending on the interaction strength. Using a quantum Langevin approach, we develop a framework that aligns well with experimental results, with potential applications in mass and charge transport studies under varied physical conditions simulated in cold atoms.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
On deflection fields, weak-focusing and strong-focusing storage rings for polar molecules
Creators: name: de Nijs, Adrian J.
name: Bethlem, Hendrick L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze electric deflection fields for polar molecules in terms of a multipole expansion and derive a simple but rather insightful expression for the force on the molecules. Ideally, a deflection field exerts a strong, constant force in one direction, while the force in the other directions is zero. We show how, by a proper choice of the expansion coefficients, this ideal can be best approximated. We present a design for a practical electrode geometry based on this analysis. By bending such a deflection field into a circle, a simple storage ring can be created; the direct analog of a weak-focusing cyclotron for charged particles. We show that for realistic parameters a weak-focusing ring is only stable for molecules with a very low velocity. A strong-focusing (alternating-gradient) storage ring can be created by arranging many straight deflection fields in a circle and by alternating the sign of the hexapole term between adjacent deflection fields. The acceptance of this ring is numerically calculated for realistic parameters. Such a storage might prove useful in experiments looking for an EDM of elementary particles.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Inhibition of Gli1 and Gli2 as a targeted therapy for bladder cancer
Creators: name: Raven, Peter Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway has been shown to play an integral role in the maintenance and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Smoothened inhibitors are currently used in the clinic for treatment of some skin cancers, however they have not been evaluated in BCa and SHH inhibition may be an efficacious strategy for BCa treatment. I assessed an in-house human BCa tissue microarray comprising non-invasive, invasive and lymph node metastasized transitional cell carcinoma and found that the transcription factors downstream of SHH, Gli1 and Gli2, were increased in more aggressive tumors. A panel of BCa cell lines show that two invasive lines, UM-UC-3 and 253J-BV, both express these transcription factors but differ in other parameters in the SHH pathway. UM-UC-3 produces greater quantities of SHH ligand, is less responsive in viability to pathway stimulation by recombinant human SHH or SAG, and less responsive to inhibition by a variety of molecules including the Smoothened inhibitors cyclopamine and SANT-1. 253J-BV, on the other hand, was highly responsive to these manipulations and appears more representative of canonical SHH signaling while UM-UC-3 resembles non-canonical autocrine signaling. To overcome this variability I utilized a Gli1 and Gli2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to bypass pathway mechanics and target the transcription factors directly. UM-UC-3 decreased in viability due to both ASOs but 253J-BV was only affected by Gli2 ASO. IC50s were in the nanomolar range. To evaluate in vivo efficacy I developed a murine intravesical orthotopic human bladder cancer (mio-hBC) model for the establishment of non-invasive urothelial cell carcinomas. In this model I pre-treat the bladder with poly-L-lysine for 15 minutes, followed by intravesical instillation of luciferase–transfected human UM-UC-3 cells. Cancer cells are quantified by bioluminescent imaging. Tumors grew to 541.6±0.75 fold (Mean±SE) initial size after 40 days and were confirmed to reflect patient samples by a response to mitomycin C. Treatment of these tumors with Gli2 ASO resulted in decreased tumor size, growth rate and Gli2 mRNA and protein expression. These results validate this model and support the conclusion that Gli2 ASO may be a promising new targeted therapy for BCa.
On Critical Massive (Super)Gravity in adS3
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Rosseel, Jan
name: Sezgin, Ergin
name: Townsend, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the status of three-dimensional "general massive gravity" (GMG) in its linearization about an anti-de Sitter (adS) vacuum, focusing on critical points in parameter space that yield generalizations of "chiral gravity". We then show how these results extend to N=1 super-GMG, expanded about a supersymmetric adS vacuum, and also to the most general `curvature-squared' N=1 supergravity model.
description: 10 pages, Proceedings of ERE 2010, Granada, 6-10 september 2010; reference added
A Perspective on the Ubiquity of Interaction Streams in Human Realm
Creators: name: Serwata, Damian
name: Nurek, Mateusz
name: Michalski, Radoslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Typically, for analysing and modelling social phenomena, networks are a convenient framework that allows for the representation of the interconnectivity of individuals. These networks are often considered transmission structures for processes that happen in society, e.g. diffusion of information, epidemics, and spread of influence. However, constructing a network can be challenging, as one needs to choose its type and parameters accurately. As a result, the outcomes of analysing dynamic processes often heavily depend on whether this step was done correctly. In this work, we advocate that it might be more beneficial to step down from the tedious process of building a network and base it on the level of the interactions instead. By taking this perspective, we can be closer to reality, and from the cognitive perspective, human beings are directly exposed to events, not networks. However, we can also draw a parallel to stream data mining, which brings a valuable apparatus for stream processing. Apart from taking the interaction stream perspective as a typical way in which we should study social phenomena, this work advocates that it is possible to map the concepts embodied in human nature and cognitive processes to the ones that occur in interaction streams. Exploiting this mapping can help reduce the diversity of problems that one can find in data stream processing for machine learning problems. Finally, we demonstrate one of the use cases in which the interaction stream perspective can be applied, namely, the social learning process.
description: ICCS 2024 - 24th International Conference on Computational Science
Interaction of hot spots and THz waves in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of various geometry
Creators: name: Guénon, S.
name: Grünzweig, M.
name: Gross, B.
name: Yuan, J.
name: Jiang, Z. G.
name: Zhong, Y. Y.
name: Iishi, A.
name: Wu, P. H.
name: Hatano, T.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Wang, H. B.
name: Kleiner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At high enough input power in stacks of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O8 intrinsic Josephson junctions a hot spot (a region heated to above the superconducting transition temperature) coexists with regions still in the superconducting state. In the ``cold'' regions cavity resonances can occur, synchronizing the ac Josephson currents and giving rise to strong coherent THz emission. We investigate the interplay of hot spots and standing electromagnetic waves by low temperature scanning laser microscopy and THz emission measurements, using stacks of various geometries. For a rectangular and a arrow-shaped structure we show that the standing wave can be turned on and off in various regions of the stack structure, depending on the hot spot position. We also report on standing wave and hot spot formation in a disk shaped mesa structure.
The Effect of Environment on the Formation of Halpha Filaments and Cool Cores in Galaxy Groups and Clusters
Creators: name: McDonald, Michael
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
name: Mushotzky, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a combined X-ray and Halpha study of 10 galaxy groups and 17 galaxy clusters using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Maryland Magellan Tunable Filter. We find no difference in the morphology or detection frequency of Halpha filaments in groups versus clusters, over the mass range 10^13 < M_500 < 10^15 Msun. The detection frequency of Halpha emission is shown to be only weakly dependent on the total mass of the system, at the 52% confidence level. In contrast, we find that the presence of Halpha filaments is strongly correlated with both the global (89% confidence level) and core (84%) ICM entropy, as well as the X-ray cooling rate (72%). The Halpha filaments are therefore an excellent proxy for the cooling ICM. The Halpha filaments are more strongly correlated with the cooling properties of the ICM than with the radio properties of the BCG; this further supports the scenario where these filaments are directly associated with a thermally-unstable, rapidly cooling ICM, rather than radio bubbles. The ICM cooling efficiency, defined as the X-ray cooling rate per unit gas mass, is shown to correlate with the total system mass, indicating that groups are more efficient at cooling than clusters. This result implies that, in systems with cool cores, AGN feedback scales with the total mass of the system, in agreement with earlier suggestions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Running of the SF-coupling with four massless flavours
Creators: name: Sommer, Rainer
name: Tekin, Fatih
name: Wolff, Ulli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the status of different determinations of alpha_s, motivating a precise and reliable computation from lattice QCD. In order to suppress perturbative errors, the non-perturbative computation has to reach high energy scales mu. Such results already exist in the SF-scheme for N_f=0,2 and N_f=3. We recently added the running with four massless flavours in a range of alpha from about 0.07 to 0.3 . It is based on our recent determination of the Sheikholeslami Wohlert coefficient in the four-flavour theory.
description: 7 pages, Lattice 2010 proceedings
Arp220: extinction and merger-induced star formation
Creators: name: Engel, H.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Downes, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse new spatially resolved integral field spectroscopic H- and K-band data at a resolution of 0.3arcsec (100pc) and re-analyse interferometric CO(2-1) line observations of the prototypical merging system Arp220. We find that the majority of the K-band luminosity is due to a 10Myr old starburst, with a significant contribution from an underlying ca 1Gyr old stellar population, and a small contribution from stars less than 8Myr old. The Calzetti (2000) reddening law provides the best fit to photometric datapoints spanning 0.45um -- 2.12um. Furthermore, estimates of the bolometric luminosity from IRAS fluxes in conjunction with our stellar population analysis indicate that we observe less than 10% of the emitted K-band light. The stellar and CO(2-1) kinematic centre of the western nucleus coincides with the compact hot dust emission, indicating that the latter marks the centre of the gravitational potential. In the eastern nucleus, the CO(2-1) data are well matched by a model in which the gas orbits around the peak of the dust emission. This, and the similarity of the K-band tracer kinematics, shows that despite the irregular morphology, the eastern nucleus is also a kinematically coherent structure. Comparison of the extinction map and EW_CO and EW_Br-gamma maps indicates that the lower half of the eastern nucleus is significantly more extincted than the upper half, suggesting that the lower half is buried in the larger-scale gas disk.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 26 pages, 1 table, 17 Figures
Guidelines detailing recommendations and standards for force calibration of testing machines under dynamic force taking into account parasitic influences from multi-component forces and temperature effects
Creators: name: Kumme Rolf
name: Falk, Tegtmeier
name: Jonas, Sander
name: Hauschild Frank
name: Gerber Siegfried
name: Nitschke Arnd
name: Neumann Steffen
name: Soares, Oliveira Rafael
name: Machado Renato, R.
name: Mikolaj, Wozniak
name: Haldun, Dizdar
name: Bulent, Aydemir
name: Korhonen Jani
name: Miha, Hiti
name: Vavrečka, Lukáš
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ComTraForce
dynamic forces
calibration procedure
transfer standard
machine
parasitic influences

description: Current guideline was developed in frameworks of ComTraForce project 18SIB08 and provides recommendations and standards for force calibration of testing machines under dynamic force taking into account parasitic influences from multi-component forces and temperature effects.
description: The ComTraForce project 18SIB08 has received funding from the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) as well as the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (Euramet).
Make Some Noise: Towards LLM audio reasoning and generation using sound tokens
Creators: name: Mehta, Shivam
name: Jojic, Nebojsa
name: Gamper, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.6; H.5.5
subject: 68T07

description: Integrating audio comprehension and generation into large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the continuous nature of audio and the resulting high sampling rates. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines Variational Quantization with Conditional Flow Matching to convert audio into ultra-low bitrate discrete tokens of 0.23kpbs, allowing for seamless integration with text tokens in LLMs. We fine-tuned a pretrained text-based LLM using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to assess its effectiveness in achieving true multimodal capabilities, i.e., audio comprehension and generation. Our tokenizer outperforms a traditional VQ-VAE across various datasets with diverse acoustic events. Despite the substantial loss of fine-grained details through audio tokenization, our multimodal LLM trained with discrete tokens achieves competitive results in audio comprehension with state-of-the-art methods, though audio generation is poor. Our results highlight the need for larger, more diverse datasets and improved evaluation metrics to advance multimodal LLM performance.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted at ICASSP 2025
Ethics and youth gender health care : hormone therapy initiation decision-making of transgender youth, parents, and health care providers
Creators: name: Clark, Drew B. A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Many transgender (trans) youth require hormone therapy to bring their bodies into alignment with their gender; however, these youth frequently experience barriers to needed health care. Health care providers supporting trans youth encounter challenges of their own, including unresolved ethical dilemmas, a lack of consensus surrounding clinical practices, and a limited body of empirical research. Increased understanding of youth and parent experiences with decision-making around hormone therapy initiation could serve to inform clinical practices, but this topic remains unexamined in the literature. Existing research on trans youth experiences with hormone therapy generally includes youth who are enrolled in gender clinics, without attention to those actively experiencing barriers to care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how trans youth with a broad range of health care experiences, parents of trans youth, and health care providers made decisions around hormone therapy initiation. This constructivist grounded theory study was conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Trans youth (aged 14-18), parents of trans youth, and health care providers offering hormone therapy readiness assessment/care planning services participated in semi-structured interviews. Youth and parents responded to questions and created lifeline drawings detailing their experiences both making and enacting decisions related to hormone therapy initiation. Health care provider interviews focused on ethical dilemmas and decision-making. Three-phase temporal models of decision-making processes were generated based on youth and parent interviews, highlighting common experiences before, during, and after engagement with health care providers. Decision-making processes varied; some decisions were made independently and some were shared. Five conditions necessary for engagement in shared decision-making within youth gender health care emerged, focused on strong relationships, strong communication, role agreement, decision agreement, and time. The Belief-Dilemma-Action Model was developed to illustrate three key constructs relevant to health care provider ethical decision-making processes. Beliefs, dilemmas, and actions were found to interact with one another, influencing the construction and resolution of ethical dilemmas in practice. Key dilemmas identified centered around family conflict, potential harm (e.g., regret), youth capacity to consent to care, and resource scarcity. Recommendations are given for clinical practice, ethical decision-making approaches, health care provider education, and future research.
Nanoscale Dichotomy of Ti 3d Carriers Mediating the Ferromagnetism in Co:TiO2 Anatase Thin Films
Creators: name: Ohtsuki, T.
name: Chainani, A.
name: Eguchi, R.
name: Matsunami, M.
name: Takata, Y.
name: Taguchi, M.
name: Nishino, Y.
name: Tamasaku, K.
name: Yabashi, M.
name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Oura, M.
name: Senba, Y.
name: Ohashi, H.
name: Shin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the surface and bulk electronic structure of the room-temperature ferromagnet Co:TiO2 anatase films using soft and hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy with probe sensitivities of ~1 nm and ~10 nm, respectively. We obtain direct evidence of metallic Ti$^{3+}$ states in the bulk, which get suppressed to give a surface semiconductor, thus indicating a surface-bulk dichotomy. X-ray absorption and high-sensitivity resonant photoemission spectroscopy reveal Ti$^{3+}$ electrons at the Fermi level (E$_F$) and high-spin Co$^{2+}$ electrons occurring away from E$_F$. The results show the importance of the charge neutrality condition: Co$^{2+}$ + V$_{O}$$^{2-}$ + 2Ti$^{4+}$ $\leftrightarrow$ Co$^{2+}$ + 2Ti$^{3+}$ (V$_O$ is oxygen vacancy), which gives rise to the elusive Ti 3d carriers mediating ferromagnetism via the Co 3d-O 2p-Ti 3d exchange interaction pathway of the occupied orbitals.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The Estimation of Compensating Wage Differentials: Lessons From the Deadliest Catch
Creators: name: Lavetti, Kurt
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: I use longitudinal survey data from commercial fishing deckhands in the Alaskan Bering Sea to provide new insights on empirical methods commonly used to estimate compensating wage differentials and the value of statistical life (VSL). The unique setting exploits intertemporal variation in fatality rates and wages within worker-vessel pairs caused by a combination of weather patterns and policy changes, allowing identification of parameters and biases that it has only been possible to speculate about in more general settings. I show that estimation strategies common in the literature produce biased estimates in this setting, and decompose the bias components due to latent worker, establishment, and job-match heterogeneity. The estimates also remove the confounding effects of endogenous job mobility and dynamic labor market search, narrowing a conceptual gap between search-based hedonic wage theory and its empirical applications. I find that workers’ marginal aversion to fatal risk falls as risk levels rise, which suggests complementarities in the benefits of public safety policies. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Low-energy excitations in multiple modulation-doped CdTe/(CdMg)Te quantum wells
Creators: name: Yavorskiy, D.
name: Mardelé, F. Le
name: Mohelsky, I.
name: Orlita, M.
name: Adamus, Z.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Wróbel, J.
name: Karpierz, K.
name: Łusakowski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in modulation-doped multiple (ten) quantum wells (QWs) was studied using far-infrared magneto-transmission technique at liquid helium temperatures. A large distance between neighbouring QWs of 54 nm excluded a direct interaction of electron wave functions confined in the wells. In four samples which differed in the spacer width and the level of doping with iodine donors, supplied with a metallic grid coupler, a uniform picture of exitations of the 2DEG was observed. These involved the cyclotron resonance (CR), its second harmonic (2CR) and magnetoplasmon modes (MPMs). MPMs with a small amplitude originated from excitations of the 2DEG in a single QW and these with a high amplitude resulted from a coherent excitation of the 2DEG in all wells. A polaron effect resulting from the interaction of the CR, 2CR and MPMs with an optical phonon was observed and discribed with appropriate models. Both types of MPMs exhibited gaps in the disperion relations at the frequency close to the 2CR, leading to Bernstein modes, which was discribed with an appropriate (non-local) theoretical model.
The nuclear X-ray emission of nearby early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Pellegrini, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear hard X-ray luminosities (Lx,nuc) for a sample of 112 early type galaxies within a distance of 67 Mpc are used to investigate their relationship with the central galactic black hole mass Mbh, the inner galactic structure (using the parameters describing its cuspiness), the age of the stellar population in the central galactic region, the hot gas content and the core radio luminosity. Lx,nuc ranges from 10^{38} to 10^{42} erg/s, and the Eddington ratio Lx,nuc/Ledd from 10^{-9} to 10^{-4}. Lx,nuc increases on average with the galactic luminosity Lb and Mbh, with a wide variation by up to 4 orders of magnitude at any fixed Lb>6x10^9 Lb,sun or Mbh>10^7 Msun. This large range should reflect a large variation of the mass accretion rate \dotMbh. On the circumnuclear scale, \dotMbh at fixed Lb (or Mbh) could vary due to differences in the fuel production rate from the stellar mass return linked to the inner galactic structure; however, \dotMbh should vary with cuspiness by a factor exceeding a few only in hot gas poor galaxies and for large differences in the core radius. Lx,nuc does not depend on age, but less luminous nuclei are found among galaxies with a younger stellar component. Lx,nuc is detected both in gas poor and gas rich galaxies, on average increases with the total galactic hot gas cooling rate L_{X,ISM}, but again with a large variation. The lack of a tight relationship between Lx,nuc and the circumnuclear and total gas content can be explained if the gas is heated by black hole feedback, and/or the mass effectively accreted can be largely reduced with respect to that entering the circumnuclear region. Differently from Lx,nuc, the 5 GHz VLA luminosity shows a trend with the inner galactic structure similar to that of the total soft X-ray emission; therefore they could both be produced by the hot gas.
description: To appear in the ApJ, 21 pages
Bootstrapping Noncausal Autoregressions: With Applications to Explosive Bubble Modeling
Creators: name: Cavaliere, Giuseppe
name: Nielsen, Heino Bohn
name: Rahbek, Anders
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: In this article, we develop new bootstrap-based inference for noncausal autoregressions with heavy-tailed innovations. This class of models is widely used for modeling bubbles and explosive dynamics in economic and financial time series. In the noncausal, heavy-tail framework, a major drawback of asymptotic inference is that it is not feasible in practice as the relevant limiting distributions depend crucially on the (unknown) decay rate of the tails of the distribution of the innovations. In addition, even in the unrealistic case where the tail behavior is known, asymptotic inference may suffer from small-sample issues. To overcome these difficulties, we propose bootstrap inference procedures using parameter estimates obtained with the null hypothesis imposed (the so-called restricted bootstrap). We discuss three different choices of bootstrap innovations: wild bootstrap, based on Rademacher errors; permutation bootstrap; a combination of the two (“permutation wild bootstrap”). Crucially, implementation of these bootstraps do not require any a priori knowledge about the distribution of the innovations, such as the tail index or the convergence rates of the estimators. We establish sufficient conditions ensuring that, under the null hypothesis, the bootstrap statistics estimate consistently particular conditionaldistributions of the original statistics. In particular, we show that validity of the permutation bootstrap holds without any restrictions on the distribution of the innovations, while the permutation wild and the standard wild bootstraps require further assumptions such as symmetry of the innovation distribution. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that the finite sample performance of the proposed bootstrap tests is exceptionally good, both in terms of size and of empirical rejection probabilities under the alternative hypothesis. We conclude by applying the proposed bootstrap inference to Bitcoin/USD exchange rates and to crude oil price data. We find that indeed noncausal models with heavy-tailed innovations are able to fit the data, also in periods of bubble dynamics. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Detection of X-rays from the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg
Creators: name: Stute, Matthias
name: Luna, Gerardo J. M.
name: Sokoloski, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of X-ray emission from the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg with XMM-Newton. The spectrum from the EPIC pn, MOS1 and MOS2 instruments consists of a two-temperature plasma with k T = 0.11 keV and k T = 0.93 keV. Unlike the vast majority of symbiotic stars detected in X-rays, the soft component of the spectrum seems to be absorbed only by interstellar material. The shock velocities corresponding to the observed temperatures are about 300 km/s and about 900 km/s. We did not find either periodic or aperiodic X-ray variability, with upper limits on the amplitudes of such variations being 46 % and 16 % (rms), respectively. We also did not find any ultraviolet variability with an rms amplitude of more than approximately 1 %. The derived velocities and the unabsorbed nature of the soft component of the X-ray spectrum suggest that some portion of the high energy emission could originate in shocks within a jet and beyond the symbiotic nebula. The lower velocity is consistent with the expansion velocity of the extended structure present in HST observations. The higher velocity could be associated with an internal shock at the base of the jet or with shocks in the accretion region.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ, uses emulateapj
Approximating RR Lyrae light curves using cubic polynomials
Creators: name: Reyner, Steven
name: Kanbur, Shashi M.
name: Ngeow, C.
name: Morgan, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use cubic polynomials to approximate RR Lyrae light curves and apply the method to HST data of RR Lyraes in the halo of M31. We compare our method to the standard method of Fourier decomposition and find that the method of cubic polynomials eliminates virtually all ringing effects and does so with significantly fewer parameters than the Fourier technique. Further, for RRc stars the parameters in the fit are all physical. Our study also reveals a number of additional periodicites in this data not found previously: we find 23 RRc stars, 29 RRab stars and 3 multiperiodic stars.
description: 6 pages, MNRAS accepted
The effect of the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid metabolites on early life immune development with long term consequences for atopy and asthma
Creators: name: Cait, Alissa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Asthma is the most common childhood medical condition and it accounts for nearly two million hospital visits and thousands of deaths per year. Despite its immense societal burden, there is no cure, there are very few treatment options, and no prevention strategies. In fact, the etiology of asthma remains elusive. There is an emerging understanding that an association exists between the gut microbiome and asthma. Herein, we provide evidence that the microbiome impacts early-life immune development with consequences for asthma via the production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites. We found that mice treated with vancomycin have an altered microbiome and metabolite profile, exhibit exacerbated Th2 responses, and are more susceptible to allergic lung inflammation. Here we show that dietary supplementation of SCFAs ameliorates this enhanced asthma susceptibility by modulating the activity of T cells and dendritic cells. Informed by this animal model, we sought to determine whether alterations in microbiome carbohydrate fermentation pathways could also be identified in human infants prior to developing atopic disease using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiome. We found that the microbiome of infants that went on to develop asthma later in childhood lacked genes encoding key functional enzymes for carbohydrate breakdown and butyrate production. To better understand the imprint of SCFAs on immune development, we successfully transferred the phenotypes of both heightened and dampened Th2 skewing via bone marrow transplants to irradiated recipient mice. Consistent with the hypothesis that the transferred phenotype is encoded within the epigenome, we found unique regulatory states, as defined by DNA acetylation, within the genomes of purified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of recipient mice that received BM transplants from dysbiotic mice. Altogether, this research highlights the role of microbially-derived metabolites, SCFAs, in the development of asthma and atopy. We present a new understanding of the intricate relationship between the microbiome, microbial metabolites and asthma. Knowledge of this process will have potential practical applications in the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Estimation of Compensating Wage Differentials: Lessons from the Deadliest Catch
Creators: name: Lavetti, Kurt
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: I use longitudinal survey data from commercial fishing deckhands in the Alaskan Bering Sea to provide new insights on empirical methods commonly used to estimate compensating wage differentials and the value of statistical life (VSL). The unique setting exploits intertemporal variation in fatality rates and wages within worker-vessel pairs caused by a combination of weather patterns and policy changes, allowing identification of parameters and biases that it has only been possible to speculate about in more general settings. I show that estimation strategies common in the literature produce biased estimates in this setting, and decompose the bias components due to latent worker, establishment, and job-match heterogeneity. The estimates also remove the confounding effects of endogenous job mobility and dynamic labor market search, narrowing a conceptual gap between search-based hedonic wage theory and its empirical applications. I find that workers' marginal aversion to fatal risk falls as risk levels rise, which suggests complementarities in the benefits of public safety policies.
Final report: theology of marriage and the problems of mixed marriages, 1971-1977: dialogue between the Lutheran World Federation, the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity of the Roman Catholic Church.
Creators: name: Roman Catholic/Lutheran/Reformed Study Commission On The Theology Of Marriage And The Problems Of Mixed Marriage.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Final report, theology of marriage and the problems of mixed marriages.
 Final report on the theology of marriage and the problems of mixed marriages.
 Theology of marriage and the problems of mixed marriages.
Photon spectra from quark generation by WIMPs
Creators: name: Cembranos, J. A. R.
name: de la Cruz-Dombriz, A.
name: Dobado, A.
name: Lineros, R.
name: Maroto, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we provide the fitting formula valid for the simulated photon spectra from WIMP annihilation into light quark-anti quark (qq-) channels in a wide range of WIMP masses. We illustrate our results for the cc- channel.
description: To appear in the AIP proceedings of "Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum IX" (QCHSIX), Madrid 30th August-3rd September 2010. 3 pages, 6 figures
A High-Metallicity High Velocity Cloud along the MRK 421 Sight Line: A Tracer of Complex M?
Creators: name: Yao, Yangsen
name: Shull, J. Michael
name: Danforth, Charles W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new measurement, 0.85-3.5 Z_solar, of the metallicity of high velocity cloud (HVC) Complex M by analyzing ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of the blazar Mrk 421 taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Although an HVC at V_LSR = -131 km/s is not visible in 21 cm emission (logN_HI<18.38; 3sigma), it is detected in ultraviolet absorption lines of C II, N I, O I, O VI, Si II, Si III, Si IV, Fe II, and HI. By referencing velocities to the intermediate velocity cloud at -60 km/s and jointly analyzing HI absorption from high-order HI Lyman lines, we measure logN_HI=16.84(0.13,+0.34) (1sigma) in the HVC. Comparing HI, and O I, we find an HVC metallicity [O/H]=0.32(-0.39, +0.22). Because the sight line passes 4 degrees from the HVCs in Complex M, the detected HVC may represent the highest velocity component of the Complex, and our measurements provide a lower limit to its metallicity. The high, possibly super-solar metallicity, together with the low distance, z<3.5 kpc, above the Galactic plane suggest that Complex M is condensed returning gas from a Galactic fountain.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ Letters, 4 pages, 3 figs, 1 table
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations of galaxy clusters out to the virial radius with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
Creators: name: Zwart, Jonathan T. L.
name: Feroz, Farhan
name: Davies, Matthew L.
name: Franzen, Thomas M. O.
name: Grainge, Keith J. B.
name: Hobson, Michael P.
name: Hurley-Walker, Natasha
name: Kneissl, Ruediger
name: Lasenby, Anthony N.
name: Olamaie, Malak
name: Pooley, Guy G.
name: Rodriguez-Gonzalvez, Carmen
name: Saunders, Richard D. E.
name: Scaife, Anna M. M.
name: Scott, Paul F.
name: Shimwell, Timothy W.
name: Titterington, David J.
name: Waldram, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations using the Small Array of the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI; 14-18 GHz) of four Abell and three MACS clusters spanning 0.171-0.686 in redshift. We detect Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signals in five of these without any attempt at source subtraction, although strong source contamination is present. With radio-source measurements from high-resolution observations, and under the assumptions of spherical $β$-model, isothermality and hydrostatic equilibrium, a Bayesian analysis of the data in the visibility plane detects extended SZ decrements in all seven clusters over and above receiver noise, radio sources and primary CMB imprints. Bayesian evidence ratios range from 10^{11}:1 to 10^{43}:1 for six of the clusters and 3000:1 for one with substantially less data than the others. We present posterior probability distributions for, e.g., total mass and gas fraction averaged over radii internal to which the mean overdensity is 1000, 500 and 200, r_200 being the virial radius. Reaching r_200 involves some extrapolation for the nearer clusters but not for the more-distant ones. We find that our estimates of gas fraction are low (compared with most in the literature) and decrease with increasing radius. These results appear to be consistent with the notion that gas temperature in fact falls with distance (away from near the cluster centre) out to the virial radius.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS (updated authors and fixed Figure 1)
Triplet superconductivity in a ferromagnetic vortex
Creators: name: Kalenkov, Mikhail S.
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
name: Petrashov, Victor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that odd-frequency triplet superconductivity can be conveniently realized in hybrid superconductor-ferromagnet (SF) structures with a ferromagnetic vortex. We demonstrate that due to proximity-induced long-range triplet pairing such SFS junctions can sustain appreciable supercurrent which can be directly measured in experiments.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Schwarzschild Models for the Galaxy
Creators: name: Chanamé, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schwarzschild's orbit-superposition technique is the most developed and well-tested method available for constraining the detailed mass distributions of equilibrium stellar systems. Here I provide a very short overview of the method and its existing implementations, and briefly discuss their viability as a tool for modeling the Galaxy using Gaia data.
description: 2 pages; invited review at "Modelling the Galaxy in the era of Gaia", proceedings of Joint Discussion 5 at the XXVIIth IAU General Assembly (Rio de Janeiro, August 2009); James Binney, Ian F. Corbett, eds.
Bayes and empirical-Bayes multiplicity adjustment in the variable-selection problem
Creators: name: Scott, James G.
name: Berger, James O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies the multiplicity-correction effect of standard Bayesian variable-selection priors in linear regression. Our first goal is to clarify when, and how, multiplicity correction happens automatically in Bayesian analysis, and to distinguish this correction from the Bayesian Ockham's-razor effect. Our second goal is to contrast empirical-Bayes and fully Bayesian approaches to variable selection through examples, theoretical results and simulations. Considerable differences between the two approaches are found. In particular, we prove a theorem that characterizes a surprising aymptotic discrepancy between fully Bayes and empirical Bayes. This discrepancy arises from a different source than the failure to account for hyperparameter uncertainty in the empirical-Bayes estimate. Indeed, even at the extreme, when the empirical-Bayes estimate converges asymptotically to the true variable-inclusion probability, the potential for a serious difference remains.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOS792 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)