cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Random insights into the complexity of two-dimensional tensor network calculations
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Garcia, Sofia
name: Sang, Shengqi
name: Hsieh, Timothy H.
name: Boixo, Sergio
name: Vidal, Guifre
name: Potter, Andrew C.
name: Vasseur, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) offer memory-efficient representations of some quantum many-body states that obey an entanglement area law, and are the basis for classical simulations of ground states in two-dimensional (2d) condensed matter systems. However, rigorous results show that exactly computing observables from a 2d PEPS state is generically a computationally hard problem. Yet approximation schemes for computing properties of 2d PEPS are regularly used, and empirically seen to succeed, for a large subclass of (not too entangled) condensed matter ground states. Adopting the philosophy of random matrix theory, in this work we analyze the complexity of approximately contracting a 2d random PEPS by exploiting an analytic mapping to an effective replicated statistical mechanics model that permits a controlled analysis at large bond dimension. Through this statistical-mechanics lens, we argue that: i) although approximately sampling wave-function amplitudes of random PEPS faces a computational-complexity phase transition above a critical bond dimension, ii) one can generically efficiently estimate the norm and correlation functions for any finite bond dimension. These results are supported numerically for various bond-dimension regimes. It is an important open question whether the above results for random PEPS apply more generally also to PEPS representing physically relevant ground states
A Zero-shot and Few-shot Study of Instruction-Finetuned Large Language Models Applied to Clinical and Biomedical Tasks
Creators: name: Labrak, Yanis
name: Rouvier, Mickael
name: Dufour, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We evaluate four state-of-the-art instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) -- ChatGPT, Flan-T5 UL2, Tk-Instruct, and Alpaca -- on a set of 13 real-world clinical and biomedical natural language processing (NLP) tasks in English, such as named-entity recognition (NER), question-answering (QA), relation extraction (RE), etc. Our overall results demonstrate that the evaluated LLMs begin to approach performance of state-of-the-art models in zero- and few-shot scenarios for most tasks, and particularly well for the QA task, even though they have never seen examples from these tasks before. However, we observed that the classification and RE tasks perform below what can be achieved with a specifically trained model for the medical field, such as PubMedBERT. Finally, we noted that no LLM outperforms all the others on all the studied tasks, with some models being better suited for certain tasks than others.
description: LREC-COLING 2024 - Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation
Investigations of CORSIKA Thinning Levels Suitable for Studies of Photon-Hadron Discrimination at Ultra-High Energies
Creators: name: Collaboration, Pierre Auger
name: Ellwanger, Fiona H.
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2025

description: Cosmic ray detectors like the 3000km2 surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory are capable of observing high-energy photons in the range of 1018 to 1020eV if the flux is sufficiently high.
However, no clear candidates for ultra-high-energy photons have been identified yet, so simulations must be used to study typical trigger patterns and observables for discriminating photons from hadrons, e.g., with neural networks.
Thinning algorithms are applied to keep the computation time and file sizes in a manageable range since the simulation of ultra-high-energy particle showers is computationally expensive.
In \textsc{Corsika}, particles with energies below a certain fraction of the primary energy, the thinning level, are exposed to thinning.
In the case of thinning, only one of the particles emerging from an interaction is tracked.
By assigning a corresponding weight, this particle then represents a number of its siblings.
However, the weights of particles that originate from electromagnetic interactions can be 100 times larger than for hadronic interactions.
In contrast to hadronic showers, where a major part of the signal in a surface detector is produced by muons, photon showers are almost purely electromagnetic.
Using simulations of photon-induced showers with two different thinning levels, the influence on different observables used for photon-hadron discrimination is investigated.
Effects deriving from both statistical sampling and detector simulations are considered.
Possible influences on station-level as well as event-level observables are probed.
With this study, we are reassured that the optimal thinning parameters determined for hadron-induced showers are also sufficient for photon-induced showers.
Phonon damping in a 2D superfluid: insufficiency of Fermi's golden rule at low temperature
Creators: name: Castin, Yvan
name: Serafin, Alan
name: Sinatra, Alice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally accepted that the phonon gas of a superfluid always enters a weak coupling regime at sufficiently low temperatures, whatever the strength of the interactions between the underlying particles (constitutive of the superfluid). Thus, in this limit, we should always be able to calculate the damping rate of thermal phonons by applying Fermi's golden rule to the Hamiltonian $H_3$ of cubic phonon-phonon coupling taken from quantum hydrodynamics, at least in the case of a convex acoustic branch and in the collisionless regime (where the eigenfrequency of the considered phonons remains much greater than the gas thermalization rate). Using the many-body Green's function method, we predict that, unexpectedly, this is not true in two dimensions, contrary to the three-dimensional case. We confirm this prediction with classical phonon-field simulations and a non-perturbative theory in $H_3$, where the fourth order is regularized by hand, giving a complex energy to the virtual phonons of the four-phonon collisional processes. For a weakly interacting fluid and a phonon mode in the long-wavelength limit, we predict a damping rate about three times lower than that of the golden rule.
description: In French (43 pages) and in English (42 pages) (published version)
Deep Learning Approaches for Data Augmentation in Medical Imaging: A Review
Creators: name: Kebaili, Aghiles
name: Lapuyade-Lahorgue, Jérôme
name: Ruan, Su
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning has become a popular tool for medical image analysis, but the limited availability of training data remains a major challenge, particularly in the medical field where data acquisition can be costly and subject to privacy regulations. Data augmentation techniques offer a solution by artificially increasing the number of training samples, but these techniques often produce limited and unconvincing results. To address this issue, a growing number of studies have proposed the use of deep generative models to generate more realistic and diverse data that conform to the true distribution of the data. In this review, we focus on three types of deep generative models for medical image augmentation: variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, and diffusion models. We provide an overview of the current state of the art in each of these models and discuss their potential for use in different downstream tasks in medical imaging, including classification, segmentation, and cross-modal translation. We also evaluate the strengths and limitations of each model and suggest directions for future research in this field. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review about the use of deep generative models for medical image augmentation and to highlight the potential of these models for improving the performance of deep learning algorithms in medical image analysis.
Finding an assay that reveals effects of sleep deprivation on decision making in Drosophila
Creators: name: Bicazan, Eugenia-Diana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This study makes use of cutting-edge technology to tackle the intricate links between decision making and sleep in the Drosophila Melanogaster fly using various innovative behavioural paradigms. The assays developed are iteratively improved to be suitable for high-throughput experiments and automatic video tracking of desired features. The final paradigm presents the fly with the simple decision of passing through two holes of different sizes: a large hole through which it can pass easily and a smaller one through which it can pass with some difficulty. Independently of the external conditions such as light, shape of the assay and time of the day or of the internal states such as genetic background and sleep state, all the flies choose to make multiple passages through both holes and unanimously show a preference for the bigger hole. Our paradigm is unique in that it allow us to assess flies decisions independently of the locomotion state by evaluating the proportion of passages through the two holes. Remarkably, this parameter is conserved in the same genetic background. Moreover, our results confirm and strengthen previous studies showing that locomotion is increased by space restriction in males. When faced with our non-conventional paradigms, after prolonged sleep deprivation, flies suppress their sleep rebound. In addition, they show no behavioural differences to control flies. It appears that the sleep pressure built up through homeostatic regulation is not important enough to counteract the in- creased arousal state resulted from space restriction in order to trigger sleep. However, when experiments are performed in the afternoon during flies ”siesta”, they fall asleep, indicating that the sleep pressure arising from circadian regulation is more significant than the sleep pressure coming from homeostatic regulation.
Accumulation of Metals and Boron in Phragmites australis Planted in Constructed Wetlands Polishing Real Electroplating Wastewater
Creators: name: Sochacki, Adam
name: Guy, Bernard
name: Faure, Olivier
name: Surmacz-Górska, Joanna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: The concentration of metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and B were determined in the above- and belowground biomass of Phragmites australis collected from the microcosm constructed wetland system used for the polishing of real electroplating wastewater. Translocation factor and bioconcentration factor were determined. Pearson correlation test was used to determine correlation between metal concentration in substrate and above- and belowground parts of Phragmites australis. The obtained results suggested that Phragmites australis did not play a major role as an accumulator of metals. It was observed also that the substrate could have exerted an effect on the translocation of Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn. The analysed concentrations of metals and B in biomass were in the range or even below the concentrations reported in the literature with the exception of Ni. The aboveground biomass was found suitable as a composting input in terms of metals concentrations.
عوامل موثر در بیداری اسلامی در پرتو آیات و روایات
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: تهمینه ملازاده شاخالی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: قران، روایات، بیداری، بصیرت، وحدت

description: قرآن کتاب بیداری است و آیات متعدد ان حدیث بیداری و بصیرت است.خداوند از مومنانی سخن می گوید که تبلیغاتمخالف سعی داشته، اراده روانی آنها را در هم شکسته و قدرت تسلط در وضعیت عمومی را به آنان خاطر نشان کند.قرآن این مساله را در زمینه عملی به عنوان تجربه ای کارآمد به تصویر کشیده ، تجربه ای که بر اساس اراده قوی برخاسته ازایمان، خداباوری، ثبات در موضعگیری و تن ندادن به ترس ها ، پیامدهای مثبتی را به دنبال دارد. این خط الهام بخش ازمومنان می خواهد از تجربیات کسانی که سابقه ایمان داشتند و در عرصه های درگیری فعال بوده اند، درس بگیرند.پیامبران که رسالت بیداری انسان ها را به دوش می کشیدند با هرگونه عوامل انحرافی خصوصا عوامل خارجی، استثمار واستعمار در ستیز بوده و جز مهارت ابدی انسان ها، آرمانی نداشتند، از این رو فرهنگ و تمدن، پویایی انسانی خود را وام داربیدارگران الهی می داند.قران کریم به عنوان آخرین و جامع ترین برنامه زندگی، صحنه هایی را از شقاوت انسان ها که در اثر غفلت به ان دچار شدهبودند، به تصویر کشیده ، از پیامدهای آن برای مردم سخن گفته و بصیرت را پیشنهاد می کند تا هرگز دچار شقاوت ابدی نشویم.از بیداری اسلامی به پدیده ای اجتماعی تعبیر می کنند که به معنای بازگشت بیداری امت اسلامی است تا به خدا باوریبرسد و به کرامت انسانی خود، مباهات نماید.به تعبیر دیگر بیداری اسلامی را می توان مجموعه هایی از باورهای دینی دانست که در دوره کنونی در میان مسلمانان،شیوع پیدا کرده است. اساسا بیداری اسلامی از مصادیق گرایش های معنوی در جهان اسلام است. پس حرکتی که هدف آنبازگشت به اسلام ناب و هویت فراموش شده دینی و رهایی از دست استکبار جهانی باشد را بیداری اسلامی می گویند.
Semi-device-independent certification of number of measurements
Creators: name: Veeren, Isadora
name: Plávala, Martin
name: Leppäjärvi, Leevi
name: Uola, Roope
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method for semi-device-independent certification of number of measurements. We achieve this by testing whether Bob's steering equivalent observables (SEO) can be simulated by k measurements, which we do by testing whether they are k-compatible with separable joint observable. This test can be performed with the aid of hierarchy of semidefinite programs, and whenever it fails one can conclude that Alice must have access to at least k + 1 incompatible measurements.
description: 5+3 pages
Theoretical electroencephalogram stationary spectrum for a white-noise-driven cortex: Evidence for a general anesthetic-induced phase transition
Creators: name: Steyn-Ross, Moira L.
name: Steyn-Ross, D. A.
name: Sleigh, J. W.
name: Liley, David
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We present a model for the dynamics of a cerebral cortex in which inputs to neuronal assemblies are treated as random Gaussian fluctuations about a mean value. We incorporate the effect of general anesthetic agents on the cortex as a modulation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter rate constant. Stochastic differential equations are derived for the state variable he, the average excitatory soma potential, coherent fluctuations of which are believed to be the source of scalp-measured electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Using this stochastic approach we derive a stationary (long-time limit) fluctuation spectrum for he. The model predicts that there will be three distinct stationary (equilibrium) regimes for cortical activity. In region I ('coma'), corresponding to a strong inhibitory anesthetic effect, he is single valued, large, and negative, so that neuronal firing rates are suppressed. In region II for a zero or small anesthetic effect, he can take on three values, two of which are stable; we label the stable solutions as 'active' (enhanced firing) and 'quiescent' (suppressed firing). For region III, corresponding to negative anesthetic (i.e., analeptic) effect, he again becomes single valued, but is now small and negative, resulting in strongly elevated firing rates ('seizure'). If we identify region II as associated with the conscious state of the cortex, then the model predicts that there will be a rapid transit between the active-conscious and comatose unconscious states at a critical value of anesthetic concentration, suggesting the existence of phase transitions in the cortex. The low-frequency spectral power in the he signal should increase strongly during the initial stage of anesthesia induction, before collapsing to much lower values after the transition into comatose-unconsciousness. These qualitative predictions are consistent with clinical measurements by Buhrer et al. [Anaesthesiology 77, 226 (1992)], MacIver et al. [ibid. 84, 1411 (1996)], and Kuizenga et al. [Br. J. Anaesthesia 80, 725 (1998)]. This strong increase in EEG spectral power in the vicinity of the critical point is similar to the divergences observed during thermodynamic phase transitions. We show that the divergence in low-frequency power in our model is a natural consequence of the existence of turning points in the trajectory of stationary states for the cortex.
Method of measurement of CO2 adsorbed into α-cyclodextrin by infra-red CO2 probe
Creators: name: Ho, Thao M.
name: T.T. Tuyen
name: Howes, Tony
name: Bhesh R. Bhandari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Medicine
Engineering
Biochemistry

description: ABSTRACTA simple CO2 probe system for quantifying CO2 gas adsorbed in solid matrix of α-cyclodextrin powder (α-CD) by measuring the gas concentration in the headspace was developed and validated. The essential components of this system are an infra-red CO2 probe and an air-tight chamber equipped with a two-fan system to uniformly mix the relatively high density CO2 gas. Firstly, a known weight of dry ice (considered as pure CO2) was used to create different amounts of CO2 in the headspace of the chamber, and the resultant gas concentrations were measured by the probe and gas chromatography. The gas concentrations measured by both methods were quite similar (R2 = 0.9950), and the calculated amount of dry-ice in the headspace using the probe was highly comparable to the amount of dry ice initially added in the chamber (R2 = 0.9970). This system was then tested to measure adsorbed CO2 content in CO2-α-CD complexed powder by using water injection to release CO2 from the complexed powder into the headspace. The measured results using this system were quite similar (R2 = 0.9972) to those determined by a conventional acid-base titration method.
Thermoresponsive Gels: How do the structural parameters affect the gelation properties?
Creators: name: Constantinou, Anna
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Thermoresponsive polymers are promising biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and in 3D printing. Therefore, this PhD thesis aims to synthesise polymers that form physical gels at body temperature (b.t.). Four different families of thermoresponsive polymers have been successfully synthesised via Group Transfer Polymerisation, and their properties have been investigated, with emphasis on their thermogelling behaviour. i) In the first study, the ionic, pH- and thermoresponsive 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) has been combined with the hydrophilic tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (TEGMA), and the hydrophobic n-butyl methacrylate (BuMA). The architecture of diblock terpolymers has been systematically varied for the first time, while statistical and triblock terpolymers have been investigated for comparison. ii) In the second study, penta(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) has been used as the hydrophilic unit, whereas BuMA and DMAEMA have been kept the same as in the first study. Thermoresponsive tetrablock terpolymers of varying architectures and compositions have been systematically investigated for the first time. iii) The third study is focused on investigating polymers containing a non-ionic thermoresponsive unit, namely di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA, C unit). ABC triblock terpolymers of various compositions have been synthesised, with A and B blocks being based on PEGMA and BuMA, respectively. iv) The fourth study focuses on mimicking Pluronic® F127, which is the commercially-available thermoresponsive polymer. ABA triblock bipolymers with different molar mass (MM) and composition have been produced (A is PEGMA, an B is the in-house synthesised hydrophobic monomer di(propylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (diPGMA). In conclusion, the following structural parameters have been identified as crucial for the thermogelling properties: i) architecture, ii) composition, iii) MM and iv) as expected, the chemistry. The best architecture is the ABC triblock architecture with the hydrophobic monomer as the B block, while the most promising chemistry seems to be the PEGMA-BuMA-DEGMA series.
Measurement of optical contrast factors in ternary hydrocarbon mixtures
Creators: name: M. Yahya
name: M. Z. Saghir
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Hematology
Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Cell Biology
Physics
Engineering

description: Deriving the refraction index over temperature and concentration is essential in thermal diffusion measurements. In the present study, we attempt to provide precise experimental measurements of the optical contrast factors of two ternary systems formed by three hydrocarbon components – 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene (THN), isobutylbenzene (IBB), and n-dodecane. For each system we consider three different contrast factors: , and . The mixtures were prepared and investigated using a wide range of temperatures and wavelengths. The refractive index was measured using both the Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and the multi-wavelength Abbemat Refractometer. A new development of the MZI cell holder used in the literature to measure contrast factors was presented and tested on ternary mixtures. In addition, this study compared the values of the experimental measurements of the refractive indices with theoretically estimated values using the mixing rules. The experimental values were in substantial agreement with all of the predictive values with the exception of the Oster (O) and Newton (N) equations.
Fast estimation of regression parameters in a broken-stick model for longitudinal data
Creators: name: Ritabrata Das
name: Moulinath Banerjee
name: Nan, Bin
name: Huiyong Zheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Estimation of change-point locations in the broken-stick model has significant applications in modeling important biological phenomena. In this article we present a computationally economical likelihood-based approach for estimating change-point(s) efficiently in both cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Our method, based on local smoothing in a shrinking neighborhood of each change-point, is shown via simulations to be computationally more viable than existing methods that rely on search procedures, with dramatic gains in the multiple change-point case. The proposed estimates are shown to have -consistency and asymptotic normality – in particular, they are asymptotically efficient in the cross-sectional setting – allowing us to provide meaningful statistical inference. As our primary and motivating (longitudinal) application, we study the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study cohort data to describe patterns of change in log estradiol levels, before and after the final menstrual period, for which a two change-point broken stick model appears to be a good fit. We also illustrate our method on a plant growth data set in the cross-sectional setting.
Force-based engineering of gradients
Creators: name: Li, Chunching
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Tissue engineering research has opened a new chapter in modern medicine since it emerged as a mainstream research field in the early 90s. Until now, however, effective strategies to fully emulate the complexity of natural tissue remain elusive. One of the key features in the development of complex tissue structures is the presence of morphogen gradients during development. In nature, from squid beaks to human teeth, gradients are preserved in many structures after evolution. In a living organism, gradients play an essential role in defining the physiological function. The formation of these gradients is often largely dictated by an anisotropic distribution of different morphogens present during development. The spatial difference in concentration of different morphogens results a spatial variance in cell signalling, patterning the development of tissue and leading to the formation of heterogeneous structure. Although these principles of development are well-established, the overwhelming majority of in vitro engineering strategies use uniform scaffolds and spatially invariant growth factor delivery to produce homogeneous tissue constructs. It is clear that more sophisticated fabrication processes are required to replicate the native complexity and fulfil the functional requirements of tissue grafts. A few material strategies have been developed that can heterogeneously deliver biological or mechanical cues; however, most of them are limited by complex fabrication procedures or restricted compatibility with different material systems. By establishing signaling factor gradients within tissue engineering scaffolds, the formation of heterogeneous tissue interfaces can be achieved. This thesis will demonstrate two gradient casting strategies to emulate physiological gradients, exploiting magnetism and buoyancy to distribute growth factors. These strategies are shown to be capable of establishing gradients in different materials, and are used to engineer osteochondral tissue. The strategies proposed in this research are designed to be widely applicable and easy to reproduce. It is hoped that these strategies may be adapted and tailored for wider use by the tissue engineering field, allowing development of complex, functional tissue by mimicking the processes used by nature.
Blast Design of Steel-Plate Composite (SC) Structures: Establishing a UFC Equivalency Framework
Creators: name: Spangler, Owen P
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 400510
subject: Structural engineering

description: Steel-plate composite (SC) structures are gaining prominence in blast-resistant design due to their superior strength, ductility, and rapid construction benefits compared to similar traditionally used reinforced concrete (RC) systems. However, existing blast design standards such as the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-340-02 lack provisions for SC construction. This is an obstacle for the construction of SC structures in Department of Defense and Department of Energy facilities, both of which require the use of the UFC. This thesis establishes an equivalency framework between UFC 3-340-02 and AISC N690-24, aligning SC design with established RC and steel provisions in the UFC through a side-by-side evaluation of the standards. Commentary and modifications between the two standards are introduced where necessary, culminating in a proposed UFC-equivalent chapter formatted for practical use in design. Additional design guidance on SC-to-SC and SC-to-RC connections is also provided.To validate the proposed equivalency, three methodologies for determining SC element response under dynamic loads are explored. Chapter 8 presents a worked example of hand calculations based on the developed equivalency guide. Chapter 9 introduces a direct numerical solution to the equation of motion. Chapter 10 develops a finite element analysis model for simulating SC slabs under blast loads, while Chapter 11 runs a comparative analysis of the three approaches against each other. All three methods were found to give reasonable estimates of SC slab midspan deflection, with general agreement within 15% found between all methods tested. This research demonstrates that SC structures can be effectively designed within the UFC framework in an alternate but equivalent way – maintaining the safety and performance standards mandated for high-risk environments. By removing the need for SC structures to go through a case-by-case exemption process, this work establishes a foundation for broader SC adoption in high-security DoD and DOE infrastructure.
A new phenylethanoid glycoside from Orobanche cernua Loefling
Creators: name: Qu, Zheng-Yi
name: Zhang, Yu-Wei
name: Zheng, Si-Wen
name: Yao, Chun-Lin
name: Jin, Yin-Ping
name: Zheng, Pei-He
name: Cheng-He Sun
name: Wang, Ying-Ping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: A novel phenylethanoid glycoside, 3′-O-methyl isocrenatoside (1), along with two known compounds, methyl caffeate (2) and protocatechuic aldehyde (3), were isolated from the fresh whole plant of Orobanche cernua Loefling. All the isolated compounds (1–3) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS and NMR data. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results showed that 3′-O-methyl isocrenatoside (1) and methyl caffeate (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 71.89, 36.97 μg/mL and 32.32, 34.58 μg/mL against the B16F10 murine melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines, respectively.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solution to Unsteady Darcy-Brinkman Problem with Korteweg Stress for Modelling Miscible Porous Media Flow
Creators: name: Kundu, Sahil
name: Maharana, Surya Narayan
name: Mishra, Manoranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D03 (Primary) 76S05, 35D30, 35Q35 (Secondary)

description: The work investigates a model that combines a convection-diffusion-reaction equation for solute concentration with an unsteady Darcy-Brinkman equation for the flow field, including the Kortweg stress. Additionally, the flow field experiences an external body force term while the permeability fluctuates with solute concentration. Such models are used to describe flows in porous mediums such as fractured karst reservoirs, mineral wool, industrial foam, coastal mud, etc. The system of equations has Neumann boundary conditions for the solute concentration and no-flow conditions for the velocity field, and the well-posedness of the model is discussed for a wide range of initial data. The proofing techniques remain applicable in establishing the well-posedness of non-reactive and homogeneous porous media flows under the specified simplifications.
Baptist Youth Ministry and Its Contribution to Mission Enterprise of the Nigerian Baptist Convention
Creators: name: Afolaranmi, Adebayo Ola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Baptist youth ministry
Global Missions Board
mission enterprise
the Great Commission
the Nigerian Baptist Convention
the Nigerian Baptist Convention Youth Conference
the Youth Ministries Division

description: One vibrant organization of the Nigerian Baptist Convention (NBC) is the Nigerian Baptist Convention Youth Conference (NBCYC). The conference with the coordination of the officers at the Youth Ministries Division (YMD), Baptist Building, Oke Bola, Ibadan, Nigeria which serves as its national office has done many tremendous activities in promoting the mission enterprise of the Nigerian Baptist Convention. These activities are parts of the youth ministry of the Convention. This paper aims at highlighting some of these activities. Oral and written interviews were conducted with some selected past national leaders of the NBCYC and the YMD. The only available published history book of the NBCYC was also consulted. Findings revealed that the Nigerian Baptist youths have been contributing to the missions endeavours of the Convention and other international organizations over the decades through their national body and other bodies. It is, therefore, recommended that the Convention, its mission board – Global Missions Board, the national youth body, missiology scholars and other stakeholders should delve more into the youth ministry and their mission endeavours to have more records these activities, and encourage the Baptist youth to be more involved in missions to fulfil the mandate of the Great Commission.
No Regularization is Needed: An Efficient and Effective Model for Incomplete Label Distribution Learning
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Chen, Songcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Label Distribution Learning (LDL) assigns soft labels, a.k.a. degrees, to a sample. In reality, it is always laborious to obtain complete degrees, giving birth to the Incomplete LDL (InLDL). However, InLDL often suffers from performance degeneration. To remedy it, existing methods need one or more explicit regularizations, leading to burdensome parameter tuning and extra computation. We argue that label distribution itself may provide useful prior, when used appropriately, the InLDL problem can be solved without any explicit regularization. In this paper, we offer a rational alternative to use such a prior. Our intuition is that large degrees are likely to get more concern, the small ones are easily overlooked, whereas the missing degrees are completely neglected in InLDL. To learn an accurate label distribution, it is crucial not to ignore the small observed degrees but to give them properly large weights, while gradually increasing the weights of the missing degrees. To this end, we first define a weighted empirical risk and derive upper bounds between the expected risk and the weighted empirical risk, which reveals in principle that weighting plays an implicit regularization role. Then, by using the prior of degrees, we design a weighted scheme and verify its effectiveness. To sum up, our model has four advantages, it is 1) model selection free, as no explicit regularization is imposed; 2) with closed form solution (sub-problem) and easy-to-implement (a few lines of codes); 3) with linear computational complexity in the number of samples, thus scalable to large datasets; 4) competitive with state-of-the-arts even without any explicit regularization.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Fast Single-Quantum Measurement with a Multi-Amplifier Sensing Charge-Coupled Device
Creators: name: Botti, Ana M.
name: Cervantes-Vergara, Brenda A.
name: Chavez, Claudio R.
name: Chierchie, Fernando
name: Drlica-Wagner, Alex
name: Estrada, Juan
name: Moroni, Guillermo Fernandez
name: Holland, Stephen E.
name: Gimenez, Blas J. Irigoyen
name: Lapi, Agustin J.
name: Villalpando, Edgar Marrufo
name: Haro, Miguel Sofo
name: Tiffenberg, Javier
name: Uemura, Sho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel readout architecture that uses multiple non-destructive floating-gate amplifiers to achieve sub-electron readout noise in a thick, fully-depleted silicon detector is presented. This Multi-Amplifier Sensing Charge-Coupled Device (MAS-CCD) can perform multiple independent charge measurements with each amplifier; measurements with multiple amplifiers can then be combined to further reduce the readout noise. The readout speed of this detector scales roughly linearly with the number of amplifiers without requiring segmentation of the active area. The performance of this detector is demonstrated, emphasizing the ability to resolve individual quanta and the ability to combine measurements across amplifiers to reduce readout noise. The unprecedented low noise and fast readout of the MAS-CCD make it a unique technology for astronomical observations, quantum imaging, and low-energy interacting particles.
Studying from Lei Feng's good example (学习雷锋好榜样)
Creators: name: Yan Songyi 阎颂艺
name: Shan Huaju 单华驹
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Children
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/854835
subject: Lei, Feng, 1940-1962
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/92454
subject: Role models
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1099622
subject: Lei Feng
subject: Children

description: A girl is inspired by Lei Feng to perform good works. First edition. Price: 11 fen
Spin dependence of black hole ringdown nonlinearities
Creators: name: Redondo-Yuste, Jaime
name: Carullo, Gregorio
name: Ripley, Justin L.
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Cardoso, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear character of general relativity leaves its imprint in the coalescence of two black holes, from the inspiral to the final ringdown stage. To quantify the impact of nonlinearities, we work at second order in black hole perturbation theory and we study the excitation of second-order modes relative to the first-order modes that drive them as we vary the black hole spin and the initial data for the perturbations. The relative amplitude of second-order modes is only mildly dependent on the initial data that we consider, but it strongly decreases for large black hole spins. This implies that the extrapolation of calculations based on the Kerr-CFT correspondence to subextremal Kerr black holes should be viewed with caution.
description: v3 (matches published version)
Method of Measurement of CO2 Adsorbed into α-Cyclodextrin by Infra-Red CO2 Probe
Creators: name: Ho, Thao M.
name: Tuyen, Truong
name: Howes, Tony
name: Bhesh R. Bhandari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A simple CO2 probe system for quantifying CO2 gas adsorbed in solid matrix of α-cyclodextrin powder (α-CD) by measuring the gas concentration in the headspace was developed and validated. The essential components of this system are an infrared CO2 probe and an air tight chamber equipped with a two-fan system to uniformly mix the relatively high density CO2 gas. First, a known weight of dry ice (considered as pure CO2) was used to create different amounts of CO2 in the headspace of the chamber, and the resultant gas concentrations were measured by the probe and gas chromatography. The gas concentrations measured by both methods were quite similar (R2 = 0.9950), and the calculated amount of dry-ice in the headspace using the probe was highly comparable to the amount of dry ice initially added in the chamber (R2 = 0.9970). This system was then tested to measure adsorbed CO2 content in CO2-α-CD complexed powder by using water injection to release CO2 from the complexed powder into the headspace. The measured results using this system were quite similar (R2 = 0.9972) to those determined by a conventional acid-base titration method.
Mystus pelusius
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Siluriformes
Bagridae
Mystus
Mystus pelusius

description: 211. Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794)
Common name. Zigzag catfish
Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus pelusius Solander in Russell, 1794: 210, pl. 7, fig. 1 [Qweik River, Aleppo, Syria; syntype: BMNH 1955.6.25.1 (1)].
Revisions. Esmaeili et al. (2022).
Illustrations. Esmaeili et al. (2022: 339, fig. 11).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Tigris.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Gorbemahi-e Tajdar.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: LC.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Influence of adversarial training on super-resolution turbulence reconstruction
Creators: name: Nista, Ludovico
name: Schumann, Christoph David Karl
name: Bode, Mathis
name: Grenga, Temistocle
name: MacArt, Jonathan F.
name: Attili, Antonio
name: Pitsch, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supervised super-resolution deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained significant attention for their potential in reconstructing velocity and scalar fields in turbulent flows. Despite their popularity, CNNs currently lack the ability to accurately produce high-frequency and small-scale features, and tests of their generalizability to out-of-sample flows are not widespread. Generative adversarial networks (GANs), which consist of two distinct neural networks (NNs), a generator and discriminator, are a promising alternative, allowing for both semi-supervised and unsupervised training. The difference in the flow fields produced by these two NN architectures has not been thoroughly investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of the discriminator's role has yet to be developed. This study assesses the effectiveness of the unsupervised adversarial training in GANs for turbulence reconstruction in forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence. GAN-based architectures are found to outperform supervised CNNs for turbulent flow reconstruction for in-sample cases. The reconstruction accuracy of both architectures diminishes for out-of-sample cases, though the GAN's discriminator network significantly improves the generator's out-of-sample robustness using either an additional unsupervised training step with large eddy simulation input fields and a dynamic selection of the most suitable upsampling factor. These enhance the generator's ability to reconstruct small-scale gradients, turbulence intermittency, and velocity-gradient probability density functions. The extrapolation capability of the GAN-based model is demonstrated for out-of-sample flows at higher Reynolds numbers. Based on these findings, incorporating discriminator-based training is recommended to enhance the reconstruction capability of super-resolution CNNs.
title: Hood River-White Salmon Bridge Replacement
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Hood River-White Salmon Interstate Bridge replacement project, Water Resource Inventory Area #29 (Wind-White Salmon) and Hydrologic Unit Code #170701051105 (Rowena Creek-Columbia River).
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2024

description: WCRO-2021-03112
Development of novel mass spectrometric methods for point-of-care mucosal diagnostics
Creators: name: Pruski, Pamela
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Human mucosal surfaces act as key interfaces between microbiota and host. As such, mucosal sampling using medical swabs is performed for diagnostic purposes that most commonly rely upon subsequent microscopy, culture or molecular-based assays. These approaches are limited in providing information on host response, which is a critical facet of pathology. In this thesis, I sought to test the hypothesis that both presence of specific microbes as well as their interactions with the human host are reflected in the mucosal metabolome and that this information could be exploited for mucosal diagnostic applications. The study aimed to develop a method for rapid, direct metabolic profiling from swabs using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Method optimisation was conducted to elucidate optimal instrumental and geometrical conditions essential for the swab analysis. The application of the method for mucosal diagnostics was then assessed by characterising the metabolic profile of multiple bodysites (oral, nasal and vaginal mucosa), vaginal mucosa during two different physiological states (non-pregnant vs pregnant) and to detect a pathological state (bacterial vaginosis). Correlation of DESI-MS vaginal metabolic profiles with matched vaginal microbiota composition (VMC) characterised by 16S rRNA-based metataxonomics during pregnancy enabled to robustly predict a Lactobacillus dominant from depleted state but also major vaginal community states types (CST). The predictive performance of DESI-MS based models was comparable to “gold standard” LC-MS based models. Additionally, bacterial metabolite markers predictive of specific microbial genera were identified through matching to a spectral database constructed using pure cultures of commensal and pathogenic microbes often observed in the vaginal microbiome. In summary, DESI-MS has the potential to revolutionise the current way of mucosal based diagnostic by reducing significantly the time-demand needed for the characterisation of VMC, drug or inflammatory response to only few minutes and therefore could enable a faster decision making on patient’s treatment.
A new phenylethanoid glycoside from Orobanche cernua Loefling
Creators: name: Qu, Zheng-Yi
name: Zhang, Yu-Wei
name: Zheng, Si-Wen
name: Yao, Chun-Lin
name: Jin, Yin-Ping
name: Zheng, Pei-He
name: Cheng-He Sun
name: Wang, Ying-Ping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: A novel phenylethanoid glycoside, 3′-O-methyl isocrenatoside (1), along with two known compounds, methyl caffeate (2) and protocatechuic aldehyde (3), were isolated from the fresh whole plant of Orobanche cernua Loefling. All the isolated compounds (1–3) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS and NMR data. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results showed that 3′-O-methyl isocrenatoside (1) and methyl caffeate (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 71.89, 36.97 μg/mL and 32.32, 34.58 μg/mL against the B16F10 murine melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines, respectively.