cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impacts of policies to implement the EU Water Framework Directive on development strategies and income of typical pig farms in an intensively farmed region of Germany
Creators: name: Garbert, Johanna
name: Holm-Mueller, Karin
name: Garbert, Johanna
name: Holm-Mueller, Karin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Fertilization Ordinance
subject: levies
subject: pig farms
subject: mixed integer linear programming model
subject: manure

description: Agriculture is to a large extent responsible for missing the objective of the EU Water Framework, a good condition of water bodies in Germany and other parts of Europe. In Germany, in order to reach this target in future, the Fertilization Ordinance will be amended. Economic instruments would be another option to improve water quality. Against this background, the study examines impacts of such policies on farm strategies and income for certain fictitious, but typical farms that can be seen as representative for the most common pig farm types in the Muensterland, an intensively farmed region in Germany. From a number of farm development strategies, a mixed integer linear programming model identifies the best individual strategy for each policy and the resulting investments, production changes and income effects. The model results confirm that water protection policies decrease potential future incomes of typical pig farms. A tightening of the Fertilization Ordinance by reducing the phosphorus balances that must not be exceeded by the farms significantly reduces future income compared to an unchanged Fertilization Ordinance. The same applies to the introduction of levies on nutrient surpluses – along the lines of the Dutch policy. Nevertheless, future development strategies of the farms stay mainly the same in all scenarios with different water protection policies: Farms increase stable capacity in all scenarios. Along with this growth, manure export increases as well as the number of animals per hectare on the farms.
Antamenes (Antamenes) pseudoneotropicus
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Antamenes
Antamenes pseudoneotropicus

description: pseudoneotropicus (Giordani Soika)
Pachymenes pseudoneotropicus Giordani Soika 1943: 104, 113, male—“ Nuova Galla del Sud, Australia ” (lectotype Venezia); 1973a: 36 (designation of lectotype).
Antamenes pseudoneotropicus; Giordani Soika 1962 [1961]: 184 (key), 192, fig. 28 (in subgenus Antamenes); 1974: 294, 301 (colouration).— Cardale 1985: 166 (cat.).— Giordani Soika 1993b: 147 (Qld.: “Binna Burra, Lamington Nat. Park”); 1994: 221 (key).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 91 (in subgenus Antamenes; list).— Borsato 2003: 557.
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Dark matter candidate induced by Horndeski theory: dark matter halo and cosmological evolution
Creators: name: Shi, Jiaming
name: Katsuragawa, Taishi
name: Qiu, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spherically symmetric solutions with a scalar field in the shift-symmetric subclass of the Horndeski theory. Constructing an effective energy-momentum tensor of the scalar field based on the two-fluid model, we decompose the scalar field into two components: dark matter and dark energy.We find the dark-matter fluid is pressure-less, and its distribution of energy density obeys the inverse-square law. We show the scalar field dark matter can explain the galaxy rotation curve and discuss the time evolution of the dark matter in the cosmic background.
description: 25 pages,revtex4-1
IMPROVEMENT ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SUPPORT OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Creators: name: Andrushko, R.
name: Myronchuk, Z.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: Innovative activity agroinnovation
innovative development
management accounting
agricultural enterprises

description: Modern aspects of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises are stated and the expediency of effective management of innovative development is pointed out. The theoretical essence of the term "agroinnovation" in the accounting system of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. In order to increase the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises and the adoption of sound decisions by management staff, the process of organizing the accounting of costs for agro-innovation has been improved. Solving these problems will move to a new level of accounting and increase its analyticity in the management system of the enterprise.
The Upsilon Spectrum from Lattice QCD with 2+1 Flavors of Dynamical Quarks
Creators: name: Gray, A.
name: Davies, C.
name: Alford, M.
name: Follana, E.
name: Hein, J.
name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Mason, Q.
name: Nobes, M.
name: Shigemitsu, J.
name: Trottier, H.
name: Wingate, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the bottomonium spectrum obtained on the MILC configurations which incorporate 2+1 flavors of dynamical quarks. We compare to quenched and 2 flavor results also on MILC configurations. We show that the lattice spacing determination using different quantities shows clear signs of convergence with 2+1 flavors and give results for the leptonic width and hyperfine splitting, in the form of the ratio of the 1st excited state of the Upsilon to that of the ground state.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, Lattice2002(heavyquark)
How Property Law Shapes Our Landscapes
Creators: name: Babie, Paul
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article considers John Orth’s ‘generalisations/reappraisals’ in the law of property, offering an addition to that list concerning the way in which the historical development of the law of property provides a tool for the shaping of the physical world in which we live. Having reviewed Orth’s approach, the article contains three parts. The first, entitled ‘History Shapes Law’, examines the historical development of the modern Anglo-American easement. The second, ‘Law Shapes Landscape’, explores how it is that property law shapes our landscapes. The third, ‘Landscape Shapes Law’, concludes by noting that our modern landscapes themselves create a new set of social, political and economic circumstances, the very sort of catalysts for shifts in context that previously drove, drive, and will drive in the future, the development of the easement (and property law generally), allowing for further shaping of the physical world.
title: 01_1620
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Lozotaenia manticopa Razowski & Aarvik & Prins 2010, comb. n.
Creators: name: Razowski, Józef
name: Aarvik, Leif
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Lozotaenia
Lozotaenia manticopa

description: Lozotaenia manticopa (Meyrick, 1934), comb. n. (Figs 15, 63, 95)
 Catamacta manticopa Meyrick, 1934. Exotic Microlepidoptera 4 (17): 525. Brown 2005. World Catalogue of Insects 5: 166.
 Holotype female. Label data (6): "Type"; "Musée du Congo, Elisabethville, 17.i.1933, Ch. Seydel "; " Catamacta manticopa Meyr. "; " R. Dét H, 2820"; "M 2307"; " MRAC / KMMA 00445 "; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004964 (Fig. 15).
Male genitalia (Fig. 63). Uncus stout, slightly expanded terminally, weakly concave apically; gnathos arm rather short; valva short, rounded dorsocaudally; sacculus long, curved medially, with two sharp terminal processes; transtilla with two lateral, spiny lobes; aedeagus long, slender, bent, with long ventral termination.
Female genitalia (Fig. 95). Subgenital sternite large, rounded proximally; anterostial sterigma reduced to the border of ostium, then extended lateroposteriorly; postostial sterigma broad, weakly sclerotized except for lateroposterior arms; sclerite of antrum long, bent; colliculum membranous forming a large sac; ductus bursae rather short, without cestum; signum with small capitulum, short blade, and moderate basal sclerite.
 Remarks. Described from the female holotype only. A male specimen not belonging to the type series but from the same locality was dissected by L. Aarvik. Label data (3): "Musée du Congo, Elisabethville, 10.xi.1936, Ch. Seydel"; "Gen. prep., 98028, L. Aarvik" [Back side of label: " Catamacta, manticopa, Meyr. ♂ "]; " MRAC / KMMA 00332"; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004965.
 Despite the fact that the genitalia of the two sexes are known, the assignment of this species to the genus Catamacta Meyrick, 1911 remains problematic, and this group of Archipini requires a thorough revision. At the moment we believe that this species is best placed in Lozotaenia Stephens, 1829.
description: Published as part of Razowski, Józef, Aarvik, Leif & Prins, Jurate De, 2010, 2469, pp. 1-77 in Zootaxa 2469 on page 13
Entropic Out-of-Distribution Detection
Creators: name: Macêdo, David
name: Ren, Tsang Ing
name: Zanchettin, Cleber
name: Oliveira, Adriano L. I.
name: Ludermir, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection approaches usually present special requirements (e.g., hyperparameter validation, collection of outlier data) and produce side effects (e.g., classification accuracy drop, slower energy-inefficient inferences). We argue that these issues are a consequence of the SoftMax loss anisotropy and disagreement with the maximum entropy principle. Thus, we propose the IsoMax loss and the entropic score. The seamless drop-in replacement of the SoftMax loss by IsoMax loss requires neither additional data collection nor hyperparameter validation. The trained models do not exhibit classification accuracy drop and produce fast energy-efficient inferences. Moreover, our experiments show that training neural networks with IsoMax loss significantly improves their OOD detection performance. The IsoMax loss exhibits state-of-the-art performance under the mentioned conditions (fast energy-efficient inference, no classification accuracy drop, no collection of outlier data, and no hyperparameter validation), which we call the seamless OOD detection task. In future work, current OOD detection methods may replace the SoftMax loss with the IsoMax loss to improve their performance on the commonly studied non-seamless OOD detection problem.
description: Accepted for publication in The International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2021
Comments on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation
Creators: name: Davidson, Mark P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proof is given that if the nonlinear Schrodinger wave function is constrained to have support over only a finite volume in configuration space, then the total energy is bounded from below for either sign of the logarithmic term in the Hamiltonian. It is concluded that the usual assumption about the sign of the logarithmic term made by Bialynicki-Birula and Mycielski is not the only possibility, and that a sensible theory can be made with the opposite sign as well.
description: Fixed some typos and clarified units
Testing Good Securities Disclosure: Tales of the Reasonable Investor
Creators: name: Duffy, Michael J
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The reasonable investor test has developed in Australia both in the law of misleading and deceptive conduct in relation to securities and in the enquiry into the materiality of information in the stock market context. The former involves the question of whether a reasonable investor would have been influenced by misleading conduct, whereas the latter involves the question of whether a reasonable investor or person would expect that information would have caused investors to trade or otherwise act (the two issues can clearly be related). The test raises various issues including how it applies to a diverse class and whether it is interchangeable with a market test (the writer argues it is not). The test also exists in the United States and has been raised, but then specifically rejected, by the courts in Ireland. The development of behavioural law and economics leads to the question of whether the test can, or should, be modified in view of the allegedly non-rational attributes of investors. The author argues that the test has sufficient flexibility to accommodate such attributes in appropriate cases.
Comparison of Alternative Methods for Estimating Household Trip Rates of Cross-Classification Cells with Inadequate Data
Creators: name: Mwakalonge, Judith L.
name: Badoe, Daniel A.
name: Mwakalonge, Judith L.
name: Badoe, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper investigates the forecast performance of a traditional cross-classification model and alternative models that seek to address the shortcomings of traditional cross-classification analysis, specifically when it has cells with inadequate data. The study uses five cross-sectional datasets collected in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1965, 1981, 1990, 1996, and 2000. Alternative models, estimated with travel data collected in the base year, were assessed for their ability to replicate the number of trips made by households in each cell of a cross-classification matrix and at the traffic zone level, respectively, in each of the five years. The results showed that the traditional crossclassification analysis (CCA) model, notwithstanding having a few unreliable cells provided more consistent predictions of travel than any of the alternative methods. They also show that it is better to synthesize trip rates for only those cells of the cross-classification matrix with inadequate data rather than to adjust the entire trip-rate matrix as is currently the practice.
Appendix S1, S2 and S3 from The effects of phylogeny, habitat and host characteristics on the thermal sensitivity of helminth development
Creators: name: Phillips, Jessica Ann
name: Vargas Soto, Juan S.
name: Pawar, Samraat
name: Koprivnikar, Janet
name: Benesh, Daniel P.
name: Molnár, Péter K.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: S1 provides additional details on how thermal response curves were fit, idiosyncrasies in reported measurement metrics of development rates, and activation energies in different taxa. S2 provides the thermal response curves for development rates fit with Sharpe-Schoolfield (SS) and Boltzmann-Arrhenius (BA) models. S3 provides the thermal response curves for mortality rates fit with SS and BA models.
Star Formation Signatures in the Condensation Downstream of HH 80N
Creators: name: Girart, J. M.
name: Estalella, R.
name: Viti, S.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Ho, P. T. P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HH80N is one of the Herbig-Haro objects that have associated quiescent dense clumps. We report CO and CS BIMA observations that reveal star formation within the HH80N dense clump. The CO emission reveals clearly a bipolar molecular outflow centered on the dense clump. The CS emission traces a ring-like structure of radius ~0.24 pc. The CS kinematics shows that the ring is collapsing with an infall speed of ~0.6 km/s. The required mass to produce the collapse is in agreement with previous ammonia observations of the 20 solar mass core, which is embedded within the CS structure. However, we cannot discard that the ring structure is expanding driven by protostellar winds, if the CS abundance if unusually high and the CO momentum rate is much higher than that measured, due to inclination and optical depth effects. The properties of the molecular outflow and of the dense core suggest that it harbors a Class 0 object. There are also signatures of interaction of the HH 80/81/80N outflow with the dense gas. In particular it is possible that the HH 80/81/80N outflow has triggered or at least speed up the star formation in this region.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the ApJ Letters
Parallel Importing in Australia: What Is the Objective and Is It Being Achieved?
Creators: name: Davison, Mark
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Feasibility of an Intermodal Terminal in Rural Texas to Enhance Marketing and Transportation Efficiency
Creators: name: Fuller, Stephen
name: Robinson, John
name: Fraire, Francisco
name: Vadali, Sharada
name: Fuller, Stephen
name: Robinson, John
name: Fraire, Francisco
name: Vadali, Sharada
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This study examines the economic feasibility of investment in an intermodal terminal in west Texas and its implications for reducing roadway maintenance costs and CO2 emissions. The study focuses on cotton, a leading agricultural commodity in Texas, which is highly dependent on the international market and truck transport from west Texas to the Dallas-Fort Worth complex for purposes of accessing containerized railroad transportation to West Coast ports. Analyses were accomplished with a spatial model of the U.S. cotton industry that features details regarding cotton handling, storage, and transportation activities. The analyses indicate an intermodal terminal in west Texas’ intensive cotton-production region to be economically viable, attracting nearly 30% of Texas’ average cotton production. Implementation of an intermodal terminal in west Texas would annually reduce truck travel on state roadways and lower pavement maintenance expenditure by approximately $1 million and reduce CO2 emissions by 42% to 47%.
Lozotaenia melanophragma
Creators: name: Razowski, Józef
name: Aarvik, Leif
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Lozotaenia
Lozotaenia melanophragma

description: Lozotaenia melanophragma (Meyrick, 1936) (Fig. 16)
 Capua melanophragma Meyrick, 1936. Exotic Microlepidoptera 5 (2): 59. Brown 2005. World Catalogue of Insects 5: 166.
 Holotype female. Label data (5): "Type, C. melanophragma "; "Musée du Congo, Elisabethville, 10.i.1934, Dr. Bourguignon "; " Epagoge melanophragma, Meyr. "; " R. Dét. DD, 3093"; "M3757"; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004966 (Fig. 16).
 Remarks. Described from the female holotype only. Abdomen missing. A junior subjective synonym of Catamacta manticopa Meyrick, 1934 (see Brown 2005: 166).
description: Published as part of Razowski, Józef, Aarvik, Leif & Prins, Jurate De, 2010, 2469, pp. 1-77 in Zootaxa 2469 on page 14
Supplementary Figure 2. Distribution of amino acid changes in proteins of selected driver genes. (a) Genes presenting the highest number of amino acid changes in their protein (TP53 and EGFR) in GBM and most frequently used genes (IDH1, H3F3A, and BRAF) in GBM as biomarkers for amino acid mutation testing in their proteins. (b) PIK3CA, SMAD3, SMARCB1, and TERT are other used as biomarkers for amino acid mutation testing but with less frequency. Synonymous amino acid changes are shown in blue and non-synonymous, in red. The frequency of use of the selected driver genes was based on GBM clinical cases reported in the literature. Data obtained from the TCGA-GBM project.
Creators: name: Herrera-Oropeza, Gabriel Emilio
name: Angulo-Rojo, Carla
name: Gástelum-López, Santos Alberto
name: Varela-Echavarría, Alfredo
name: Hernández-Rosales, Maribel
name: Aviña-Padilla, Katia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain cancer in adults with the lowest life expectancy. The current neuro-oncology practice has incorporated genes involved in key molecular events that drive GBM tumorigenesis as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and design treatment. This study summarizes findings describing the significant heterogeneity of GBM at the transcriptional and genomic levels, emphasizing 18 driver genes with clinical relevance. A pattern was identified fitting the stem cell model for GBM ontogenesis, with an upregulation profile for MGMT and downregulation for ATRX, H3F3A, TP53 and EGFR in the mesenchymal subtype. We also detected overexpression of EGFR, NES, VIM and TP53 in the classical subtype and of MKi67 and OLIG2 genes in the proneural subtype. Furthermore, we found a combination of the four biomarkers EGFR, NES, OLIG2 and VIM with a remarkable differential expression pattern which confers them a strong potential to determine the GBM molecular subtype. A unique distribution of somatic mutations was found for the young and adult population, particularly for genes related to DNA repair and chromatin remodelling, highlighting ATRX, MGMT and IDH1. Our results also revealed that highly lesioned genes undergo differential regulation with particular biological pathways for young patients. This multi-omic analysis will help delineate future strategies related to the use of these molecular markers for clinical decision-making in the medical routine.
Border Zone Mass Transit Demand in Brownsville and Laredo
Creators: name: Fullerton, Thomas M.
name: Walke, Adam G.
name: Fullerton, Thomas M.
name: Walke, Adam G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This study examines whether economic conditions in Mexico influence public transportation ridership levels in the border cities of Brownsville and Laredo, Texas. Besides the standard variables generally utilized to model bus ridership, additional indicators included in the empirical analysis are northbound pedestrian traffic and the real exchange rate index. Seemingly unrelated regression parameter estimates suggest that the volume of pedestrian border crossings in both cities is positively related to changes in ridership. The real exchange rate index in Laredo is negatively related to fluctuations in ridership, implying that peso appreciation increases transit utilization in this border city.
Recent results on the running coupling in QCD with two massless flavours
Creators: name: Della Morte, M.
name: Frezzotti, R.
name: Heitger, J.
name: Knechtli, F.
name: Rolf, J.
name: Sommer, R.
name: Wolff, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the latest results on the running coupling of two flavour QCD in the Schrödinger functional scheme. Results for the step scaling function are obtained from simulations on lattices $L/a=8$ and $L/a=16$ which confirm the first results from lattices $L/a=4,5,6$ presented one year ago by the ALPHA collaboration. We also discuss some algorithmic aspects, in particular concerning the occurrence of metastable states. A modified sampling, in order to estimate the proper weight of these states in the path integral, is proposed and tested.
description: Lattice2002(improve), 3 pages, 2 figures
Understanding the image contrast of material boundaries in IR nanoscopy reaching 5 nm spatial resolution
Creators: name: Mastel, Stefan
name: Govyadinov, Alexander A.
name: Maissen, Curdin
name: Chuvilin, Andrey
name: Berger, Andreas
name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) allows for nanoscale resolved Infrared (IR) and Terahertz (THz) imaging, and thus has manifold applications ranging from materials to biosciences. However, a quantitatively accurate understanding of image contrast formation at materials boundaries, and thus spatial resolution is a surprisingly unexplored terrain. Here we introduce the write/read head of a commercial hard disk drive (HDD) as a most suitable test sample for fundamental studies, given its well20 defined sharp material boundaries perpendicular to its ultra-smooth surface. We obtainunprecedented and unexpected insights into the s-SNOM image formation process, free of topography-induced artifacts that often mask and artificially modify the pure near-field optical contrast. Across metal-dielectric boundaries, we observe non-point-symmetric line profiles for both IR and THz illumination, which are fully corroborated by numericalsimulations. We explain our findings by a sample-dependent confinement and screening of the near fields at the tip apex, which will be of crucial importance for an accurate understanding and proper interpretation of high-resolution s-SNOM images of nanocomposite materials. We also demonstrate that with ultra-sharp tungsten tips the apparent width (and thus resolution) of sharp material boundaries can be reduced to about 5 nm.
Somatrogon: First Approval
Creators: name: Lamb, Yvette
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Declarations
Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Authorship and Conflict of interest During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Yvette Lamb is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.
Ethics approval, Consent to participate and consent for publication, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
Abstract
Somatrogon (NGENLA®), a long-acting human growth hormone based on C-terminal peptide technology, is in development by Pfizer and OPKO Health for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency in pediatric and adult patients. Administered as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection, somatrogon reduces treatment burden relative to once-daily human growth hormone therapy while providing non-inferior efficacy. Somatrogon received its first approval in October 2021 in Canada for the long-term treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone (growth hormone deficiency). This article summarizes the milestones in the development of somatrogon leading to this first approval for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Lozotaenia myriosema Razowski & Aarvik & Prins 2010, comb. n.
Creators: name: Razowski, Józef
name: Aarvik, Leif
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Lozotaenia
Lozotaenia myriosema

description: Lozotaenia myriosema (Meyrick, 1936), comb. n. (Figs 17, 64, 96)
 Homona myriosema Meyrick, 1936. Exotic Microlepidoptera 5 (2): 60. Brown 2005. World Catalogue of Insects 5: 388.
 Holotype male. Label data (7): "Type, H. myriosema "; "Musée du Congo, Elisabethville, 28.ix.1934, Ch. Seydel "; " H. myriosema, Meyr. "; " R. Dét., QQ, 3153"; "M4851"; " Lectotype, Homona myriosema, Meyrick (male), Genital prep., 98086 L. Aarvik "; " MRAC / KMMA 00314 "; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004954 (Fig. 17).
Male genitalia (Fig. 64). Uncus fairly large, tapered basally, slightly concave in middle terminally; socius small; arm of gnathos with small subterminal prominence; valva semioval; sacculus broad to 1/3, then slender, convex; transtilla almost disconnected medially, with sublateral spiny lobes; aedeagus gradually curved, with posterior third serrate ventrally, armed with small subterminal thorn; cornuti numerous moderate spines.
Female genitalia (Fig. 96). Papilla analis broad, convex laterally; apophyses slender, fairly long; sterigma tapered proximally with broad cup-shaped part and minute proximal convexities; sclerite of antrum strong; ductus bursae long; cestum large, coiled; signum large with strong blade, short basal plate and large capitulum.
 Remarks. Described from the male holotype only. The female genitalia are described from a female not belonging to the type series, with the following label data (3): "Coll. mus. Congo, Elisabethville, 10.i.1949, Ch. Seydel, 18554"; "Genital prep., 98087 L. Aarvik, Homona myriosema, Meyrick (female), teste L. Aarvik, 1998"; " MRAC / KMMA 00315"; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004955.
description: Published as part of Razowski, Józef, Aarvik, Leif & Prins, Jurate De, 2010, 2469, pp. 1-77 in Zootaxa 2469 on page 14
High Occupancy Toll Lane Performance Under Alternative Pricing Policies
Creators: name: Light, Thomas
name: Light, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper explores how alternative pricing and operating policies influence revenue generation, level of service, and travel time costs for high occupancy toll (HOT) lane facilities. A framework for modeling HOT lanes is applied to a hypothetical facility. The analysis suggests that the way in which tolls are set can have a non-trivial influence on competing measures of HOT lane performance. Other operating characteristics, such as the number of lanes designated as free and priced and whether carpools are allowed to ride free or must pay a toll to access the HOT lanes, are shown to significantly influence performance as well.
Microsimulating Automobile Markets: Evolution of Vehicle Holdings and Vehicle Pricing Dynamics
Creators: name: Selby, Brent
name: Kockelman, Kara M.
name: Selby, Brent
name: Kockelman, Kara M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Vehicle ownership decisions are central to estimates of emissions, gas tax revenues, energy security, pavement management, and other concerns. This work combines an auction-style microsimulation of vehicle prices and random-utility-maximizing choices, producing a market model for the evolution of new and used personal-vehicle fleets. All available vehicles compete directly, with demand, supply, and price signals endogenous to the model. The framework is described, analyzed, and implemented to show its capabilities in predicting outcomes of varying inputs. Application of the model system using Austin, Texas, survey data over a 20-year period highlight the model’s flexibility and reasonable response to multiple inputs, as well as potential implementation issues.
Foxes and Hedgehogs at the Intersection of Human Rights and Intellectual Property
Creators: name: Murumba, Samuel
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Before the 1990s, human rights and intellectual property operated more or less autonomously, mutually oblivious to each other’s concerns. Human rights being by nature ‘universal’ had their natural home in international law; intellectual property being quintessentially territorial remained the preserve of domestic law. Today, however, not only do human rights imperatives regularly penetrate the domestic law domain, intellectual property has returned the favour by going universal and encroaching on human rights’ international law domain. The result is a rapid proliferation of intersections and entanglements, many of which are harmonious, even synergistic. Other intersections, however, are ravaged by intractable inter-regime and intra-regime conﬂicts that are still largely under-theorised. Beginning with the diagnosis that these conﬂicts are principally strategic — rather than ontological — this article argues that resolution can be found both in the nature of legality and in recent scholarly insights into commensurability, comparability, and balancing of norms and interests in law.
A Comprehensive Rail Rate Index for Grain
Creators: name: Sparger, Adam
name: Prater, Marvin
name: Sparger, Adam
name: Prater, Marvin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: There are several annual rail rate indices commonly used to depict changes in the prices paid for rail service. While accurate for general analyses, each of these indices falls short in capturing the three major components of total railroad grain rates – tariff rates, fuel surcharges, and secondary railcar market costs. Grain is a rail commodity whereby bids in the secondary railcar market can affect whether the actual rate paid by shippers is above or below the published tariff rate. The seasonality of rates inherent in grain transportation is captured through the secondary market but is neither contained in other grain rail rate indices nor apparent in annualized data. In addition, most grain rate indices do not include fuel surcharges, which have become a major component of the total rate paid for any rail commodity movement. In this paper, we develop new rail rate indices for unit trains and shuttle trains and compare them against a rail cost index. The new indices are an improvement upon past grain rail rate indices by including information from the secondary rail market, fuel surcharges, and tariff rates into a weekly index between the years 1997 and 2011. The improved indices show a higher level of detail when compared to other annualized indices, allowing for a more thorough analysis of grain rates. These indices show grain rail rates generally higher than do other indices with a notable departure from rail costs at the beginning of the economic recession in 2009. A comparison of the rail indices with rail costs calls into question whether earlier conclusions about rail market power still hold.
Does a Requirement That the Description Fully Supports a Product Claim Raise Australia from 'Mechanistic and Impoverished' Patent Rules?
Creators: name: Brennan, David J
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
INTEGRATION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Creators: name: Kravtsov, O.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: information society
e-Government
e-Administration
e-Citizens
e-Services
e-Society
Open Data
interaction sector
digital inequality

description: The article analyzes the features of the formation and development of the concept of the information society, as well as the experience of the practical implementation of «e-Government» in countries with developed capitalist economies. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns and key factors that must be considered at different stages of the implementation of e-Government technologies. The object of research is the theoretical foundations of the implementation of information and communication technologies in public administration. The subject of the research is modern e-Government technologies. According to leading scientists, the rapid expansion of the information space and the availability of information significantly influenced public relations, which led to the transition to a new social system, which was called the «information society». In the information society, the state uses various information and communication technologies to implement its functions more and more. At the same time, social relations are transferred to the virtual space, where, using data-processing algorithms based on them, certain management decisions are developed. Firstly, information technology enables individuals to directly contact witch public authorities through electronic communications. Secondly, the convenience of such communications should always be accompanied by the reliability of their processing algorithms. Otherwise, the individual will become a hostage to the «electronic world» in which his own voice will be dissolved in millions of other virtual voices. Using the general scientific methods of abstract logical analysis, induction, and deduction, the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the functioning of the «e-Government» are revealed. The article also discusses the problems and causes of digital inequality as a new phenomenon inherent in the information society.
Antamenes (Antamenes) tasmaniae
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Antamenes
Antamenes tasmaniae

description: tasmaniae (Giordani Soika)
Pachymenes tasmaniae Giordani Soika 1943: 105, 113, male—“ Tasmania; Australia: Mackay ” (lectotype Venezia); 1973a: 36 (designation of lectotype).
Antamenes tasmaniae; Giordani Soika 1962 [1961]: 184 (key), 191, fig. 27 (in subgenus Antamenes; notes on type); 1974: 301 (colouration).— Cardale 1985: 166 (cat.).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 97 (in subgenus Antamenes; list).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Is It Time to Codify Principles for Ownership of Academic Employee Inventions? The Disconnect between Policy and the Law
Creators: name: Monotti, Ann L
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Residual Force Polytope: Admissible Task-Space Forces of Dynamic Trajectories
Creators: name: Ferrolho, Henrique
name: Merkt, Wolfgang
name: Tiseo, Carlo
name: Vijayakumar, Sethu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a representation for the set of forces a robot can counteract using full system dynamics: the residual force polytope. Given the nominal torques required by a dynamic motion, this representation models the forces which can be sustained without interfering with that motion. The residual force polytope can be used to analyze and compare the set of admissible forces of different trajectories, but it can also be used to define metrics for solving optimization problems, such as in trajectory optimization or system design. We demonstrate how such a metric can be applied to trajectory optimization and compare it against other objective functions typically used. Our results show that the trajectories computed by optimizing objectives defined as functions of the residual force polytope are more robust to unknown external disturbances. The computational cost of these metrics is relatively high and not compatible with the short planning times required by online methods, but they are acceptable for planning motions offline.
description: Accepted to Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2021.103814
Supplementary information and figures from Sunflower pollen reduces a gut pathogen in the model bee species, Bombus impatiens, but has weaker effects in three wild congeners
Creators: name: Fowler, Alison E.
name: Giacomini, Jonathan J.
name: Connon, Sara June
name: Irwin, Rebecca E.
name: Adler, Lynn S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The supplemental file contains additional methods, results, figures, and tables
Levelling the Playing Field: On the Missing Role of Network Externality in Designing Renewable Energy Technology Deployment Policies
Creators: name: Jin, Wei
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Jin, Wei
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Renewable Energy Deployment
subject: Energy Technology Adoption
subject: Network Externality
subject: Climate Technology Policies

description: In creating a level playing field that facilitates the deployment of renewable energy technology (RET), the traditional energy policy regime based on eliminating RET’s cost gaps versus fossil energy technology (FET) may be not sufficient. Building on an economic model of energy technology adoption that features network externality, this paper takes an explicit account of the potential importance of network externality in the design of RET adoption policies. We argue that as incumbent FET has established pervasive deployment and installed base advantages within the existing energy production, distribution and service network, it would create a network externality mechanism that makes it difficult to dislodge the dominant FET-based technological regime, leading to an inertia against the adoption of newly emerging RET even if energy policy regulations have been put in place to eliminate RET’s cost disadvantage. We hence propose that a reformulation of RET policy paradigm should consider extending the traditional scheme centring on eliminating cost gap to a new one that corrects for both cost and network externality gaps.
Chiral Nonanalytic Behaviour: The Edinburgh Plot
Creators: name: Wright, Stewart V.
name: Leinweber, Derek B.
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Edinburgh Plot is a scale independent way of presenting lattice QCD calculations over a wide range of quark masses. In this sense it is appealing as an indicator of how the approach to physical quark masses is progressing. The difficulty remains that even the most state of the art calculations are still at quark masses that are too heavy to apply dimensionally-regulated chiral perturbation theory. We present a method allowing predictions of the behaviour of the Edinburgh plot, in both the continuum, and on the lattice.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, Lattice2002(Spectrum)
Genetic relationships in different sheep populations of Bangladesh based on microsatellite markers
Creators: name: Khan, M.Y.A
name: Husain, S.S
name: Alam, M.R
name: Teneva, A.
name: Han, J.L
name: Faruque, M.O
name: Khan, M.Y.A
name: Husain, S.S
name: Alam, M.R
name: Teneva, A.
name: Han, J.L
name: Faruque, M.O
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The genetic variation and differentiation among different populations of sheep in Bangladesh were studied by using 18 microsatellite markers. A total of 140 samples- 37 from Bangladesh Central (BGC), 40 from Bangladesh East (BGE), 39 from Bangladesh North (BGN) and 24 from Garole (GAR) were genotyped. The allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 10. The average number of alleles per population was 5.50 + 1.72, 5.33 + 2.00, 6.39 + 2.06 and 4.72 + 1.71 for BGC, BGE, BGN and GAR respectively. Heterozygosity was found in the range from 0.5084+0.0187 (BGE) to 0.5810+0.0237 (GAR). The genetic distance (DA) between BGN and GAR was the highest (0.1071) and that between BGC and BGN was the lowest (0.0664). In the phylogenetic dendrogram, BGC and BGN grouped in the same cluster, while BGE and GAR formed another two separate clusters. The results indicate that all four sheep populations had rich genetic diversity and the Garole sheep (GAR) is considered as an independent breed in Bangladesh.
Lumaria petrophora
Creators: name: Razowski, Józef
name: Aarvik, Leif
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Lumaria
Lumaria petrophora

description: Lumaria petrophora (Meyrick, 1938) (Figs 18, 65, 97)
 Capua petrophora Meyrick, 1938. Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo belge 14: 5; pl. 1, fig. 3.
 Lumaria petrophora Brown 2005. World Catalogue of Insects 5: 412.
 Holotype male. Label data (10): " Holotype, C. petrophora M."; "Musée du Congo, Tshambi (975) (Kabasha), 28.x–07.xi.1935, G. F. de Witte, Parc Nat. Albert, 88"; " Congo Belge: P.N.A., Tshambi, 975 m., 28.x– 07.xi.1933 [sic], G. F. de Witte: 88"; " E. Meyrick det., 1937: Capua petrophora Meyr. "; " R. Dét., 4079, K"; "Type"; "P37"; " ♂ "; " Holotype, Capua petrophora, Meyrick, 1938 (male), Genital prep. LAA 98002 "; " MRAC / KMMA 00331 "; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004960 (Fig. 18).
Male genitalia (Fig. 65). Uncus expanded in distal half; gnathos rather long; valva tapered terminally; sacculus slender with several thorns in distal half and group of long hair ventromedially; aedeagus long, curved, with ventroterminal portion thorny.
Female genitalia. (Fig. 97). Papilla analis large; apophyses slender, anteriores longer than posteriores; sterigma with broad posterior incision, anterior corners prolonged as pointed processes; ductus bursae membranous, with long internal sclerite; corpus bursae small, oblong.
 Remarks. Described from the male holotype only. The description of the female genitalia is based on a specimen from the Democratic Republic of Congo with the following labels "Musée du Congo, Rutshuru, viii.1937, J. Ghesquière"; " Capua petrophora "; " R. Dét., 4510, G"; " Ep. petrophora (Meyrick) "; " MRAC / KMMA 00506"; specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005143, in RMCA.
description: Published as part of Razowski, Józef, Aarvik, Leif & Prins, Jurate De, 2010, 2469, pp. 1-77 in Zootaxa 2469 on pages 14-15