cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electric Field-Tuned Topological Phase Transition in Ultra-Thin Na3Bi - Towards a Topological Transistor
Creators: name: Collins, James L.
name: Tadich, Anton
name: Wu, Weikang
name: Gomes, Lidia C.
name: Rodrigues, Joao N. B.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Hellerstedt, Jack
name: Ryu, Hyejin
name: Tang, Shujie
name: Mo, Sung-Kwan
name: Adam, Shaffique
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Fuhrer, Michael. S.
name: Edmonds, Mark T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric field induced quantum phase transition from topological to conventional insulator has been proposed as the basis of a topological field effect transistor [1-4]. In this scheme an electric field can switch 'on' the ballistic flow of charge and spin along dissipationless edges of the two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall insulator [5-9], and when 'off' is a conventional insulator with no conductive channels. Such as topological transistor is promising for low-energy logic circuits [4], which would necessitate electric field-switched materials with conventional and topological bandgaps much greater than room temperature, significantly greater than proposed to date [6-8]. Topological Dirac semimetals(TDS) are promising systems in which to look for topological field-effect switching, as they lie at the boundary between conventional and topological phases [3,10-16]. Here we use scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) to show that mono- and bilayer films of TDS Na3Bi [3,17] are 2D topological insulators with bulk bandgaps >400 meV in the absence of electric field. Upon application of electric field by doping with potassium or by close approach of the STM tip, the bandgap can be completely closed then re-opened with conventional gap greater than 100 meV. The large bandgaps in both the conventional and quantum spin Hall phases, much greater than the thermal energy kT = 25 meV at room temperature, suggest that ultrathin Na3Bi is suitable for room temperature topological transistor operation.
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504) (11 H 1172), f. 00055
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172), f. 00055, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 1 of Ethnic diversity and inclusiveness among medical residents in the Netherlands: results from a single-centered survey study
Creators: name: Al-Hassany, Linda
name: Zaal, Rianne J.
name: Stegers-Jager, Karen M.
name: Zandbergen, Adrienne A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
EKSTRAKT DORI VOSITALARINING ASSORTIMENT TAHLILI
Creators: name: Masharipova, R.R.
name: Sotimov, G'.B.
name: Umarov, M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mavjud qonunchilikka ko’ra, 2026 yilgacha mahalliy dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarishni 3 barobarga oshirish vazifasi belgilangan bo’lib mahalliy mahsulotlar ichki bozorning 80 foizini egallashi ko’zda tutilgan. Farmatsevtika sanoatida kelgusi 5 yilga mo’ljallangan maqsadli investitsiya loyihalari dasturi tasdiqlangan.
Constraining theories of modified gravity with atom interferometry
Creators: name: Banahene-Sabulsky, Dylan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Matter-wave interferometry is ideal for detecting small forces, being able to sense changes of acceleration as small as 1 nm s^-2 as a result of quantum interference. In this thesis, I prepare a cloud of ultracold Rb-87 atoms and measure the force between an atom and a cm-sized source mass using atom interferometry. The interferometer uses a sequence of optical Raman pulses to split, reflect, and recombine the atomic wavefunction. The force that is measured is consistent with standard Newtonian gravity. Some theories that have been advanced to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe - otherwise known as dark energy - predict a departure from the Newtonian force in my experiment. I use my result to constrain the parameters of these theories. The sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to probe physics at energies approaching the Planck scale.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0281v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0281v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0281v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Simultaneous dual-channel imaging to quantify interdependent protein recruitment to laser-induced DNA damage sites
Creators: name: Garbrecht, Joachim
name: Hornegger, Harald
name: Herbert, Sebastien
name: Kaufmann, Tanja
name: Gotzmann, Josef
name: Elsayad, Kareem
name: Slade, Dea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Fluorescence microscopy in combination with the induction of localized DNA damage using focused light beams has played a major role in the study of protein recruitment kinetics to DNA damage sites in recent years. Currently published methods are dedicated to the study of single fluorophore/single protein kinetics. However, these methods may be limited when studying the relative recruitment dynamics between two or more proteins due to cell-to-cell variability in gene expression and recruitment kinetics, and are not suitable for comparative analysis of fast-recruiting proteins. To tackle these limitations, we have established a time-lapse fluorescence microscopy method based on simultaneous dual-channel acquisition following UV-A-induced local DNA damage coupled with a standardized image and recruitment analysis workflow. Simultaneous acquisition is achieved by spectrally splitting the emitted light into two light paths, which are simultaneously imaged on two halves of the same camera chip. To validate this method, we studied the recruitment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the chromatin remodeler ALC1. In accordance with the published data based on single fluorophore imaging, simultaneous dual-channel imaging revealed that PARP1 regulates fast recruitment and dissociation of PARG and that in PARP1-depleted cells PARG and PCNA are recruited with comparable kinetics. This approach is particularly advantageous for analyzing the recruitment sequence of fast-recruiting proteins such as PARP1 and ALC1, and revealed that PARP1 is recruited faster than ALC1. Split-view imaging can be incorporated into any laser microirradiation-adapted microscopy setup together with a recruitment-dedicated image analysis package.
The development of environmentally responsive synthetic biology systems
Creators: name: Chan, Chi Long
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of artificial cell development, as they offer tremendous potentials across many fields of science and technology. A significant amount of progress has been made, particularly in the field of bottom-up artificial cells, due to the advancement in synthetic biology which has allowed us to assemble artificial cells from biological components systematically. The ability to sense and respond to their environment, in particular, has been the centre of much attention as it plays a key role in many important biological processes such as controlled release, signalling and communication between cells. However, most of the developments to date are largely limited to simple structures with a single function due to technological limitations. Areas such as artificial tissues which required high structural complexity and collective functionality have been largely unexplored. This thesis details the development of environment responsive artificial cells as well as tissue mimics in the form of water in oil droplets and aims to address these lack of platform technologies. We developed an optofluidic platform technology DROPLAY, capable of generating functional droplet networks with user-defined 2D structures. Instead of assembling the droplet network mechanically, a stem-cell-like approach was used. By incorporating a light-responsive mechanism into droplets, we have induced droplet differentiation to generate functional droplet networks using a laser-based setup. The results from this technology provide the foundation for future development of artificial tissues or other complex membrane structures. In addition, numerous light-responsive mechanisms, suitable for the construction of artificial cells, both chemical and biological have been investigated. In particular, we have showed and enhanced Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) activity in the acidification of lipid vesicles. Furthermore, a light-induced calcium controlled release system has been established and shown great potential. These light-responsive mechanisms can be incorporated in DROPLAY technology in the future or be introduced to other membrane structures for constructing more complex environment sensing artificial cells.
Navigation-compatible hybrid quantum accelerometer using a Kalman filter
Creators: name: Cheiney, Pierrick
name: Fouché, Lauriane
name: Templier, Simon
name: Napolitano, Fabien
name: Battelier, Baptiste
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Barrett, Brynle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-term inertial navigation is currently limited by the bias drifts of gyroscopes and accelerometers and ultra-stable cold-atom interferometers offer a promising alternative for the next generation of high-end navigation systems. Here, we present an experimental setup and an algorithm hybridizing a stable matter-wave interferometer with a classical accelerometer. We use correlations between the quantum and classical devices to track the bias drift of the latter and form a hybrid sensor. We apply the Kalman filter formalism to obtain an optimal estimate of the bias and simulate experimentally a harsh environment representative of that encountered in mobile sensing applications. We show that our method is more precise and robust than traditional sine-fitting methods. The resulting sensor exhibits a 400 Hz bandwidth and reaches a stability of 10 ng after 11 h of integration.
description: 7 pages + 4 supplemental, 8 figures
Comments on `` Black Hole Entropy from Conformal Field Theory in Any Dimension ''
Creators: name: Park, Mu-In
name: Ho, Jeongwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent letter, Carlip proposed a generalization of the Brown-Henneaux-Strominger construction to any dimension. We present two criticisms about his formulation.
description: 4 pages, Enriched version for the accepted one (Phys. Rev. Lett.)
Experimental study of radiative shocks in noble gases on the Orion laser and the MAGPIE pulsed-power facility
Creators: name: Clayson, Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This Thesis introduces two novel experimental configurations for studying radiative shocks with the aim of improving our understanding of the physics involved, which is relevant to laboratory astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion and for benchmarking numerical simulations. Experiments on the Orion laser facility used lasers with an intensity of 5x10^14 W/cm^2 to drive counter-propagating shocks, with a velocity of 60 km/s, into a gas-fill (of Neon, Argon, Krypton or Xenon) with an initial mass density of 0.5 to 1.6 mg/cm^3. These experiments simultaneously study both the post-shock material and radiative precursor for the first time, with a combination of X-ray backlighting, self-emission streaked imaging and laser interferometry. Experiments with Neon gas-fills allowed for post-shock compression measurements, x23, and the counter-propagating shock configuration allowed reverse shocks to be studied. In addition, large gas-cells allowed for shocks to evolve in three dimensions, resulting in the formation of post-shock instabilities which will be the subject of future work. Experiments on the MAGPIE generator introduce the `inverse liner z-pinch', building upon previous experiments on imploding liners where diagnostic access was limited and radiative effects occurred on spatial scales larger than the experiment. A 1 MA current pulse was passed through a liner embedded in a gas-fill (of Neon, Argon, Krypton or Xenon), with an initial mass density of 0.04 mg/cm^3, and returned through a central post. This launched a cylindrically expanding radiative shock which propagated at 10 km/s. Experiments were diagnosed with a combination of self-emission imaging, laser interferometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Shocks were able to propagate for several centimetres, allowing the ionization in the radiative precursor to be measured, which was not possible in previous experiments. Future work will use this platform to study radiative shocks with perturbations by introducing well characterised grooves on the surface of the liner.
Fachdidaktische Perspektive zu Ländlermusik im Unterricht: Unterschätztes Genre?
Creators: name: Kessler, Ursina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Musikunterricht
Musikdidaktik
Musikgenre
Klassenmusik
klasseneigene Musikkultur
Transkulturalität
normative Evaluation
Masterarbeit

description: Ländlermusik als Teil der Schweizer Volksmusik wird heute nur noch von einem kleinen Anteil der Bevölkerung gehört und gelebt. Dementsprechend ist das Musikgenre in Lehrmitteln kaum oder gar nicht vertreten. Auch wenn das «Urschweizerische» der Ländlermusik teilweise konstruiert ist, gehört sie zur Geschichte und Tradition der Schweiz. Neben Pop- und Rockmusik, Jazz und Blues, Hip-Hop und Rap scheint die Ländlermusik aber den meisten Schüler*innen genauso fremd oder fremder zu sein als traditionelle Musik anderer Kulturen. Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist eine Verknüpfung zwischen der Ländlermusik und musikdidaktischen Konzepten. Viele verschiedene Genres, darunter auch Volksmusiken anderer Kulturen, werden heute in den Unterricht integriert. Lässt sich die Schweizer Ländlermusik genauso thematisieren? Dazu wird für diese Arbeit die folgende Frage gestellt: Inwiefern eignet sich das Musikgenre Ländlermusik als Themeninhalt im Unterricht? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wurde auf der Basis einer Literaturrecherche zur Musikdidaktik eine Kriterienliste zur Auswahl von Unterrichtsinhalten erstellt. Anschliessend wurde das Musikgenre Ländlermusik und eine dazu erstellte Unterrichtsskizze mit Hilfe dieser Kriterienliste normativ evaluiert. Die Überprüfung hat gezeigt, dass sich das Musikgenre Ländlermusik grundsätzlich als Themeninhalt für den Musikunterricht eignet. Vor allem der einfache Aufbau von «Standard-Ländlermusik» eröffnet Möglichkeiten für das gemeinsame Musizieren. Durch die Thematik Ländlermusik lässt sich ein offener Umgang in der Transkulturalität der heutigen Zeit vermitteln. Zudem kann auf Basis der Ländlermusik eine klasseneigene Musikkultur, eine Klassenmusik anstelle einer Volksmusik, entwickelt werden. Weiterführend zu dieser Arbeit bietet sich eine Erprobung konkreter Unterrichtsinhalte zum Thema Ländlermusik in der Schulpraxis an. Damit einhergehend wäre die Entwicklung von Unterrichtsmaterial zum Thema Ländlermusik sinnvoll.
description: +repphzhbib2021MA
Limits of the D-brane action
Creators: name: Lindstrom, Ulf
name: Zabzine, Maxim
name: Zheltukhin, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For background geometries whose metric contain a scale $γ$ we reformulate the Born-Infeld D-brane action in terms of $ε\equiv γ/(2πα')$. This may be taken as a starting point for various perturbative treatments of the theory. We study two limits that arise at zeroth order of such perturbations. In the first limit, that corresponds to the $g_s\to\infty$ with $ε$ fix, we find a "string parton" picture, also in the presense of some background RR-fields. In the second limit, $ε\to 0$, we find a topological model.
description: 13 pages, Latex. Minor errors are corrected. To appear in JHEP
Testudo orbicularis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Testudinidae
Testudo
Testudo orbicularis

description: Testudo orbicularis [spec. nov.]
T. pedibus palmatis, testa orbiculata planiuscula.
Raj. quadr. 254. Testudo aquarum dulcium?
Habitat in meridionalibus Europae.
Testa parva integerrima orbiculata, nec antice nec postice emarginata. Sternum postice bifidum. Pedum digiti membrana connexi in plantam orbiculatam.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 198, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 2 of Ethnic diversity and inclusiveness among medical residents in the Netherlands: results from a single-centered survey study
Creators: name: Al-Hassany, Linda
name: Zaal, Rianne J.
name: Stegers-Jager, Karen M.
name: Zandbergen, Adrienne A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
MOESM1 of The partitioning of poleward energy transport response between the atmosphere and Ekman flux to prescribed surface forcing in a simplified GCM
Creators: name: Kang, Sarah
name: Yechul Shin
name: Codron, Francis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The prescribed surface heating (S; left column) and associated implied ocean heat transport (FS; right column) in the experiments with varying (a, b) forcing amplitude FS0 and (c, d) forced latitude band φ0. Figure S2. The zonal-mean response of precipitation in mm day-1 in the experiments with extratropical perturbations with FS0=4.6 PW. Figure S3. The precipitation centroid of zonal-mean precipitation between 10°S and 10°N (red), 20°S and 20°N (green), and 30°S and 30°N (blue) as a function of Ts−Td in the experiments with extratropical perturbations with FS0 =4.6 PW. Figure S4. Atmospheric energy transport FA (red) and Ekman energy transport FE (blue) in the annual and zonal mean for 1979–2009. The atmospheric energy transport is from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (Donohoe et al. 2014). The Ekman energy transport is computed by taking the zonal wind stress from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with an assumption of 50 m mixed layer depth and α = 0.7 that corresponds to Ts−Td = 9K.
Search for long-lived supersymmetry in final states with jets and missing energy in the CMS detector
Creators: name: Laner Ogilvy, Christian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: An inclusive search for supersymmetry in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum is performed in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A data sample with an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1 recorded by the CMS detector in 2016 at the CERN LHC is analysed. The observed signal candidate event counts are found to be in agreement with the standard model expectation. Within the context of simplified models, the masses of promptly decaying bottom, top and mass-degenerate light-flavour squarks are excluded at 95% confidence level up to 1050, 1000 and 1325 GeV, respectively. The gluino mass is excluded up to 1900, 1650 and 1650 GeV for a gluino decaying promptly via the aforementioned squarks. The result is also interpreted in the context of simplified models of split supersymmetry. Lower limits are placed on the mass of a long-lived gluino for a wide range of lifetimes. Gluino masses up to 1750 and 900 GeV are excluded for gluinos with a lifetime of 1 mm and metastable gluinos, respectively. These results provide complementary coverage to dedicated searches for long-lived particles at the LHC.
The dynamics of socio-economic inequity in cities: problems in organised complexity
Creators: name: Sahasranaman, Anand
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: We explore economic segregation, social (ethnic) segregation, and long-term economic decline of neighbourhoods in cities as dynamic processes that emerge over time due to interactions between individual agents. Using the classic Schelling model as the basis of our work, we develop agent-based computational models to study both the emergence of such inequitable outcomes and also potential mechanisms that would enable reversing them. We find the emergence of wealth-based segregation, just as predicted by the Schelling model. However, our work posits that we can see a dramatic, non-linear decline in wealth segregation when even a small fraction of households move into neighbourhoods they cannot afford. The value of this 'small fraction' required for the onset of sharp desegregation decreases with the increase in the number of agents willing to move into less wealthier neighbourhoods. When the number of such willing agents is small, we find that over long stretches of time, more than a third of the richest and poorest neighbourhoods tend to retain their economic status compared to a much lower fraction of middle income neighbourhoods, corresponding to empirical observations from American cities. Therefore, for around one in three poor neighbourhoods, poverty can be a long-term reality. However, when we consider all neighbourhoods, change in economic status over time is relatively common, confirming the underlying intuition of descriptive anthropologies about neighbourhood change. We also find that enabling agent movement into neighbourhoods they cannot afford, precipitating non-linear transformation to desegregation, also increases the probability that poor neighbourhoods break out of their poverty traps. Finally, when agent movement in a city is mediated both by wealth and ethnicity, we find that decreasing wealth-based segregation has the effect of necessarily increasing ethnic segregation. This trade-off potentially enables the reconciliation of the empirical evidence on socioeconomic impacts of wealth and ethnic segregations.
Using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS as a protein shuttle to deliver effectors
Creators: name: Wettstadt, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dreadful opportunistic pathogen that can cause both acute and chronic infections in humans. This bacterium exhibits great abundance of virulence factors and has the ability to flourish in a wide range of environmental niches, partly due to its remarkable arsenal of protein secretion systems. The type VI secretion system (T6SS), is a contractile injection apparatus that translocates a spike loaded with various effectors directly into eukaryotic and prokaryotic target cells. P. aeruginosa can load either one of its three T6SSs with a variety of bullets by specific but different modes. This dissertation reveals work focussed on the molecular details of how effector delivery relies on the appropriate attachment onto the T6SS apparatus and spike. Our work provides details on how the spike components of the T6SS can be manipulated to deliver effector proteins, which highlights an exceptional modularity for loading the T6SS nanoweapon. The spike, which punctures the bacterial cell envelope allowing effector transport, consists of a torch-like VgrG trimer on which sits a PAAR sharpening the VgrG tip. We show how various effectors can be fused directly to either of the two spike components and reach the supernatant or are delivered into target prey cells. Further, we reveal that effectors specifically bind to different parts of VgrG proteins and that these interactions not only lead to effector stabilisation, but also to their secretion. In summary, this work will give sound evidence that an effector delivered by the T6SS requires a chaperone module for stabilisation and an adaptor module for its connection to the T6SS spike. Results from this thesis highlight the various modes that are at P. aeruginosa’ s disposal to deliver its many T6SS effectors, which confer a significant advantage during bacterial competition. Overall, this work advances our understanding on the delivery mechanisms of T6SS effectors and thus, in general, of this fantastic nanomachine.
Host-directed therapy in the treatment of Tuberculosis
Creators: name: Subbarao, Sathyavani
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: As M. tuberculosis continues to exert itself as the leading cause of mortality attributed to an infectious disease, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an avenue by which the host immune response can be augmented to drive pathogen clearance and perhaps lessen the tissue damage associated with chronic infection. When administered alongside standard chemotherapy, HDT has the potential to reduce treatment duration and ameliorate organ damage resulting from chronic inflammatory processes. Chapter 1 in this thesis explores innate aspects of the immune response during infection with M. tuberculosis. I discuss current HDT strategies, including those in clinical trials. In chapter 2, I examine the melanocortin pathway during mycobacterial infection. Melanocortin is central to many physiological pathways including food intake, obesity, pigmentation and steroid neo-genesis. It has also been implicated as an anti-inflammatory agent. Despite earlier research suggesting an association between melanocortin receptor-4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to M. tuberculosis I was unable to demonstrate any immunological or anti-microbial benefits using melanocortin receptor agonists, such as melanocyte stimulating hormone. In chapter 3, I review the role of the inflammasome during M. tuberculosis infection. The inflammasome is an intracellular multimeric protein comprised of an intracellular sensor (NLR), an adaptor protein called ASC, and pro-caspase-1. Assembly is induced following stimulation by a physiological and pathological stimuli. Assembly of the inflammasome leads to the processing of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1b. In this chapter I demonstrate that clinical isolates have a differential ability to activate the inflammasome and induce IL-1b processing. Using immortalised BMDMs carrying null mutations in individual components of the inflammasome I show that IL-1b can be processed in the absence of what were previously thought of as critical sensors during M. tuberculosis infection. This led me to demonstrate that bacterial replication is reduced in conditions where IL-1b release is low. I also show that that pharmacological blockade of the inflammasome elicits both anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity, and can be used in combination with rifampicin. Interestingly, the anti-microbial effect afforded by inflammasome inhibition varies with the clinical isolate used. These results show inflammasome modulation to be highly attractive for the purposes of HDT.
Spatial evolution of wakes generated by side by side cylinders
Creators: name: Graca Avelar Camarinha, Marilia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: In this thesis, exploration of one and two-point statistics on side by side square cylinders with variable spacing between them together with assessment of the nature of dissipation in this type of flow and inspection of the validity of the classical scaling of the dissipation rate was performed. The research focuses on the spatial evolution of dual wakes behind a pair of square cylinders at a Reynolds number -- $Re_H = 6.4\times 10^3$, based on the dimensions of a single square cylinder at a free-stream velocity $U_{\infty} = 0.2$ ms$^{-1}$. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in a water tunnel were performed at different measurement stations for the three different spacing between the centre of the side by side square cylinders - denoted by $g$ - in order to assess the baseline characteristics for this type of flow, integral length scales based on spatial correlations of the fluctuating velocity components and estimation of the dissipation and subsequent relationship between the constant of the dissipation rate $C_{\epsilon}$ and the Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale $Re_{\lambda}$. It was found that long range correlations based on the streamwise fluctuating component exist for the configurations with smaller spacing between the cylinders tested. For the current work, it was found that the most suitable integral length scale to assess the behaviour of $C_{\epsilon}-Re_{\lambda}$ is the longitudinal integral length scale based on the transverse fluctuating velocity component $v^{\prime}$. In literature, it has been seen that the relationship between $Ce_{\epsilon}$ and $Re_{\lambda}$ follows a power law: $C_{\epsilon} \sim Re_{\lambda}^{-n}$; a $n \simeq 2$ power law relationship was found between $C_{\epsilon}-Re_{\lambda}$ across all $g$ configurations tests after $X/g \geq 1$.
Additional file 6: of Inhibition of NF-κB in astrocytes is sufficient to delay neurodegeneration induced by proteotoxicity in neurons
Creators: name: Y. Li
name: O. Sibon
name: P. Dijkers
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: a Efficacy of knockdown of CeCA or AttA gene expression. Flies expressing daughterless-Gal4 (da-Gal4) were crossed to control flies (w1118) or fly lines containing RNAi constructs targeting AttA or CecA and expression of CeCA or AttA in the adult progeny was determined. b Downregulating in astrocytes does not affect eye morphology. Control flies or fly lines containing RNAi constructs targeting CeCA or AttA were crossed to alrm-Gal4 flies and the morphology of the eyes was determined. c No effect of modulating of Relish-dependent AMP expression in astrocytes on mCD8-GFP levels in the eyes. Flies expressing eye-specific mCD8-GFP were compared to flies coexpressing RNAi constructs targeting AttA or CecA in astrocytes. Genotypes (a): control, da-Gal4/+. AttA, UAS− AttA/+ da-Gal4/+; CecA, UAS- CecA/+; da-Gal4/+. (b) Control, alrm-Gal 4/+. AttA RNAi, alrm-Gal 4/UAS-AttA RNAi. CecA RNAi, alrm-Gal 4/+; UAS-CecA RNAi/+. (c) As in (b), but with coexpression of QUAS-mCD8-GFP. (c) Control: GMR-QF2/+; alrm-Gal4/+; QUAS-mCD8GFP/+. AttA RNAi, GMR-QF2/+; alrm-Gal4/UAS-AttA RNA; QUAS-mCD8GFP/+. CecA RNAi, GMR-QF2/+; alrm-Gal4/+; UAS-CecA RNAi/QUAS-mCD8GFP. (PDF 289 kb)
Bile acid G-protein coupled receptors signalling in the fetal heart
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Effendi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Bile acids are recognised as bioactive signalling molecules. While they are known to influence arrhythmia susceptibility in cholestasis, there is limited knowledge about the underlying mechanisms. To delineate mechanisms underlying foetal heart rhythm disturbances in cholestatic pregnancy, we used FRET microscopy to monitor cAMP release and contraction measurements in isolated rodent neonatal cardiomyocytes. The unconjugated bile acids CDCA, DCA and UDCA and, to a lesser extent, CA were found to be relatively potent agonists for the GPBAR1 (TGR5) receptor and elicit cAMP release, whereas all glyco- and tauro- conjugated bile acids are weak agonists. The bile acid-induced cAMP production does not lead to an increase in contraction rate and seems to be mediated by the RI isoform of adenylate cyclase, unlike adrenaline-dependent release which is mediated by the RII isoform. In contrast, bile acids elicited slowing of neonatal cardiomyocyte contraction, indicating that other signalling pathways are involved. The conjugated bile acids were found to be partial agonists of the muscarinic M2, but not sphingosine-1-phosphate-2, receptors, and act partially through the Gi pathway. INT777, a potent TGR5 semisynthetic agonist, also elicits high cAMP release, however, does not affect cardiomyocytes contraction in either neonatal or adult cells. Both pre-treatment and co-treatment with INT777 don’t prevent the slowing of contraction induced by bile acid TCA. This finding confirms the non-involvement of TGR5 activation in the modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction. Thus, cAMP-mediated signalling via TGR5 must be implicated in some not yet identified physiological processes in cardiomyocytes. For instance, the present work provides preliminary evidence that TGR5 signalling may have an anti-fibrotic action. In hypoxia, when fibroblasts become activated and transform into myofibroblasts, treatment with INT777 inhibits this transformation. Further, in genetically deficient TGR5-/- mice, this inhibition is abolished. The suitability of TGR5 signalling as a potential therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis needs to be explored in future experiments.
Hybrid thermal energy harvesting mechanism
Creators: name: Kang, Miwon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This thesis investigates energy harvesting, which captures ambient energy and converts it into a useful form. Such technology is a promising alternative to batteries for powering low-energy electronics. Hybrid thermal energy harvesting has been proposed, which converts heat energy into electricity. This approach has a simple beam structure consisting of a bimetallic beam and a layer of pyroelectric material to utilise piezo- and pyro-electric effects in a low-frequency heat cycle. The heat cycle allows the pyroelectric material layer to simultaneously produce both pyroelectricity and deformation for piezoelectricity. Two approaches have been taken to improve the performance of the mechanism: examining the phase relationship between two effects, and increasing the thermal load of the beam. First, a cantilever beam (i.e. the fixed-free configuration) was employed. Experimental results showed that the two effects counteract. The configuration has been changed to fixed-fixed. Accordingly, the deflection direction of the heated bimetallic beam was reversed, resulting in a phase difference between configurations. Second, the beam was subjected to a larger thermal load in fixed-fixed than in fixed-free. Consequently, in fixed-fixed, this approach has about 50% improvement in output voltage compared to fixed-free. Further research has been conducted by changing the dimensions of the prototypes to improve performance. The thermal load increased as the beam became thinner and wider. The finite element method was used to study heat dynamics. The thermal behaviour of the beam was simulated. A model was built to estimate the output of this approach and proved by experiments. The model was used to estimate the output power generated by waste heat from desktop computers. This study provides basic guidelines for designing hybrid thermal energy harvesting.
The Reduced PC-Algorithm: Improved Causal Structure Learning in Large Random Networks
Creators: name: Sondhi, Arjun
name: Shojaie, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We consider the task of estimating a high-dimensional directed acyclic graph, given observations from a linear structural equation model with arbitrary noise distribution. By exploiting properties of common random graphs, we develop a new algorithm that requires conditioning only on small sets of variables. The proposed algorithm, which is essentially a modified version of the PC-Algorithm, offers significant gains in both computational complexity and estimation accuracy. In particular, it results in more efficient and accurate estimation in large networks containing hub nodes, which are common in biological systems. We prove the consistency of the proposed algorithm, and show that it also requires a less stringent faithfulness assumption than the PC-Algorithm. Simulations in low and high-dimensional settings are used to illustrate these findings. An application to gene expression data suggests that the proposed algorithm can identify a greater number of clinically relevant genes than current methods.
(Super)conformal many-body quantum mechanics with extended supersymmetry
Creators: name: Wyllard, Niclas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study N=4 supersymmetric quantum-mechanical many-body systems with M bosonic and 4M fermionic degrees of freedom. We also investigate the further restrictions of conformal and superconformal invariance. In particular, we construct conformal N=4 extensions of the A_{M-1} Calogero models, which for generic values of the coupling constant are not SU(1,1|2) superconformal. This class of models is also extended to arbitrary (even) N. We give both hamiltonian and (classical) lagrangean formulations. In the latter case we use both component and N=4 superfield formulations.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX2e; minor corrections, references added
Additional file 5: of Inhibition of NF-κB in astrocytes is sufficient to delay neurodegeneration induced by proteotoxicity in neurons
Creators: name: Y. Li
name: O. Sibon
name: P. Dijkers
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Effect of modulating Relish levels in astrocytes on Dif/Dl-dependent gene expression in the head. Expression of Dif/Dl target genes (IM1 or IM2) was determined in the heads of control flies (control), flies expressing SCA3polyQ78 in the eyes (-), and the effect of Relish RNAi targeted to astrocytes (Relish RNAi #1 and Relish RNAi #2), Relish overexpression, or SCA3polyQ78-expressing flies heterozygous for Relish (Relish −/+) on Dif/Dl target gene expression was determined by comparing them to flies only expressing SCA3polyQ78. (PDF 125 kb)
Additional file 1 of Causal effects of education, intelligence, and income on COVID-19: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Creators: name: Song, Yuqing
name: Baranova, Ancha
name: Cao, Hongbao
name: Yue, Weihua
name: Zhang, Fuquan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Entropy Maximization in the Emergent Gravity Paradigm
Creators: name: B, Krishna P
name: Mathew, Titus K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accelerated expansion of the universe can be interpreted as a quest for satisfying holographic equipartition. It can be expressed by a simple law, $ΔV = Δt\left(N_{surf}- N_{bulk}\right)$ which leads to the standard Friedmann equation. This novel idea suggested by Padmanabhan in the context of general relativity has been generalized by Cai and Yang et al. to Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities for a spatially flat universe in different methods. We investigate the consistency of these generalizations with the constraints imposed by the maximum entropy principle. Interestingly, both these generalizations imply entropy maximization even if their basic assumptions are different. Further, we analyze the consistency of Verlinde's emergent gravity with the maximum entropy principle in the cosmological context. In particular, we consider the generalization suggested by Shu and Gong, in which an energy flux through the horizon is assumed, in addition. Even though the conceptual formulations are different, these two emergent perspectives of gravity describes a universe which behaves as an ordinary macroscopic system. Our results provide further support to the emergent gravity paradigm.
description: 22 pages
Additional file 1 of Comparison of immune checkpoint inhibitors related to pulmonary adverse events: a retrospective analysis of clinical studies and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hong, Baohui
name: Du, Bin
name: Chen, Rong
name: Zheng, Caiyun
name: Ni, Ruping
name: Liu, Maobai
name: Yang, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Methods. Search Terms. Table S1. PRISMA NMA Checklist. Table S2. Study and Patient Characteristics. Table S3. Results of individual studies. Table S4. Fatal Pulmonary Adverse Events Outcome: League Table. Table S5. All-grade Treatment-related Pulmonary Adverse Events in Tumors of Different Systems Outcome: League Table. Table S6. Grade 3–4 Treatment-related Pulmonary Adverse Events in Tumors of Different Systems Outcome: League Table. Table S7. Model selection of All Outcomes. Table S8. Inconsistency Test. Figure S1. Flowchart of Study Selection. Figure S2. Risk of Bias Assessment for Studies. Figure S3. Comparison-adjusted funnel plots. Figure S4. Network plots. Figure S5. The distribution of SUCRA values stratified by cancer types. Figure S6. Subgroup analysis by dose of drug.
MOESM2 of Variation of major air pollutants in different seasonal conditions in an urban environment in Malaysia
Creators: name: Mohtar, Anis
name: Mohd Latif
name: Nor Baharudin
name: Ahamad, Fatimah
name: Chung, Jing
name: Murnira Othman
name: Liew Juneng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Ambient air-quality standard of criteria air pollutants in Malaysia and United States of Environmental Protection Agency.
An algebraic characterization of the Kronecker function
Creators: name: Matthes, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F67 (11F27)

description: We characterize the generating series of extended period polynomials of normalized Hecke eigenforms for $\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbb Z)$ studied by Zagier in terms of the period relations and existence of a suitable factorization. For this we prove a characterization of the Kronecker function as the `fundamental solution' to the Fay identity.
description: 11 pages, final version, minor differences in abstract and acknowledgements compared to published version
A nonsupersymmetric matrix orbifold
Creators: name: Banks, Tom
name: Motl, Lubos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the matrix description for a twisted version of the IIA string theory on S^1 with fermions antiperiodic around a spatial circle. The result is a 2+1-dimensional U(N) x U(N) nonsupersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with fermionic matter transforming in the (N,Nbar). The two U(N)'s are exchanged if one goes around a twisted circle of the worldvolume. Relations with Type 0 theories are explored and we find Type 0 matrix string limits of our gauge theory. We argue however that most of these results are falsified by the absence of SUSY nonrenormalization theorems and that the models do not in fact have a sensible Lorentz invariant space time interpretation.
description: JHEP LaTeX, 22 pages