cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Uncloaking hidden repeating fast radio bursts with unsupervised machine learning
Creators: name: Chen, Bo Han
name: Hashimoto, Tetsuya
name: Goto, Tomotsugu
name: Kim, Seong Jin
name: Santos, Daryl Joe D.
name: On, Alvina Y. L.
name: Lu, Ting-Yi
name: Hsiao, Tiger Y. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), astronomical transients with millisecond timescales, remain unknown. One of the difficulties stems from the possibility that observed FRBs could be heterogeneous in origin; as some of them have been observed to repeat, and others have not. Due to limited observing periods and telescope sensitivities, some bursts may be misclassified as non-repeaters. Therefore, it is important to clearly distinguish FRBs into repeaters and non-repeaters, to better understand their origins. In this work, we classify repeaters and non-repeaters using unsupervised machine learning, without relying on expensive monitoring observations. We present a repeating FRB recognition method based on the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). The main goals of this work are to: (i) show that the unsupervised UMAP can classify repeating FRB population without any prior knowledge about their repetition, (ii) evaluate the assumption that non-repeating FRBs are contaminated by repeating FRBs, and (iii) recognise the FRB repeater candidates without monitoring observations and release a corresponding catalogue. We apply our method to the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) database. We found that the unsupervised UMAP classification provides a repeating FRB completeness of 95 per cent and identifies 188 FRB repeater source candidates from 474 non-repeater sources. This work paves the way to a new classification of repeaters and non-repeaters based on a single epoch observation of FRBs.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. For summary video, please see https://youtu.be/fWfvfFPDhcQ
Observation and Polarization Measurements of B+- ->phi K_1+- and B+- ->phi K_2*+-
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the full $\babar$ data sample of 465 million BaBar pairs, we observe the decays B+- ->phi(1020) K_1(1270)+- and B+- ->phi(1020) K_2*(1430) +-. We measure the branching fractions (6.1+-1.6+-1.1)\times 10^{-6} and (8.4+- 1.9+- 0.9)\times 10^{-6} and the fractions of longitudinal polarization 0.46(+0.12-0.13)(+0.03-0.07) and 0.80(+0.09-0.10)+-0.03, respectively. We also report on the B+- ->phi K_0*(1430)+- decay branching fraction of (7.0+-1.3+-0.9)\times10^{-6} and several parameters sensitive to CP violation and interference in the above three decays. Upper limits are placed on the B+- decay rates to final states with phi and K_1(1400)+-, K*(1410)+-, K_2(1770)+-,or K_2(1820)+-. Understanding the observed polarization pattern requires amplitude contributions from an uncertain source.
description: 7 pages, 10 postscript figures, Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 161801 (2008)
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Cao, Yixin
name: Cheng, Siu-Wing
name: Li, Minming
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation
subject: Mathematics of computing

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 181, 31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020), pages 0:i-0:xviii
Smooth Implicit Hybrid Upwinding for Compositional Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Creators: name: Bosma, Sebastian B. M.
name: Hamon, Francois P.
name: Mallison, Brad T.
name: Tchelepi, Hamdi A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In subsurface multiphase flow simulations, poor nonlinear solver performance is a significant runtime sink. The system of fully implicit mass balance equations is highly nonlinear and often difficult to solve for the nonlinear solver, generally Newton(-Raphson). Strong nonlinearities can cause Newton iterations to converge very slowly. This frequently results in time step cuts, leading to computationally expensive simulations. Much literature has looked into how to improve the nonlinear solver through enhancements or safeguarding updates. In this work, we take a different approach; we aim to improve convergence with a smoother finite volume discretization scheme which is more suitable for the Newton solver. Building on recent work, we propose a novel total velocity hybrid upwinding scheme with weighted average flow mobilities (WA-HU TV) that is unconditionally monotone and extends to compositional multiphase simulations. Analyzing the solution space of a one-cell problem, we demonstrate the improved properties of the scheme and explain how it leverages the advantages of both phase potential upwinding and arithmetic averaging. This results in a flow subproblem that is smooth with respect to changes in the sign of phase fluxes, and is well-behaved when phase velocities are large or when co-current viscous forces dominate. Additionally, we propose a WA-HU scheme with a total mass (WA-HU TM) formulation that includes phase densities in the weighted averaging. The proposed WA-HU TV consistently outperforms existing schemes, yielding benefits from 5\% to over 50\% reduction in nonlinear iterations. The WA-HU TM scheme also shows promising results; in some cases leading to even more efficiency. However, WA-HU TM can occasionally also lead to convergence issues. Overall, based on the current results, we recommend the adoption of the WA-HU TV scheme as it is highly efficient and robust.
Academic Integrity In The Age Of Generative AI: Perceptions And Responses Of Vietnamese EFL Teachers
Creators: name: Cong-Lem, Ngo
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470306
subject: English as a second language
classificationCode: 390307
subject: Teacher education and professional development of educators
classificationCode: 390405
subject: Educational technology and computing

description: This study examines the perceptions and responses of Vietnamese teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to academic integrity concerns that arise from the use of AI, specifically chatbots like ChatGPT, in foreign language education. The study employed an open-ended survey to collect data from 31 Vietnamese EFL teachers who were asked to share their views on AI-based academic dishonesty, identify perceived causes, outline consequences for students engaging in AI-based plagiarism, and articulate their pedagogical responses to the issue. The study found that teachers primarily attributed students’ AI-driven plagiarism to a deficiency in original ideas, poor learning attitudes and motivation, and students’ linguistic competencies. The over-reliance on AI was identified as a hindrance to the development of knowledge and skills such as critical thinking and language proficiency. In response to academic dishonesty, teachers advocated for increased regulations, the implementation of AI-based plagiarism detectors, and education on responsible AI use. The findings underscore the importance of adapting language teaching pedagogies and assessments to incorporate personalised learning and process-oriented teaching approaches that support critical thinking and genuine learning motivation. The insights derived from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of EFL educators’ perspectives, offering valuable input for the development of policies and practices aimed at promoting academic integrity in the AI era.
T lymphocyte senescence is attenuated in Parkinson's disease.
Creators: name: Kouli, Antonina
name: Jensen, Melanie
name: Papastavrou, Vanesa
name: Scott, Kirsten M
name: Kolenda, Claire
name: Parker, Craig
name: Solim, Imtiaz H
name: Camacho, Marta
name: Martin-Ruiz, Carmen
name: Williams-Gray, Caroline H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: T lymphocytes
Immunosenescence
Parkinson’s Disease
Ageing Markers

description: BackgroundImmune involvement is well-described in Parkinson's disease (PD), including an adaptive T lymphocyte response. Given the increasing prevalence of Parkinson's disease in older age, age-related dysregulation of T lymphocytes may be relevant in this disorder, and we have previously observed changes in age-associated CD8+ T cell subsets in mid-stage PD. This study aimed to further characterise T cell immunosenescence in newly diagnosed PD patients, including shifts in CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations, and changes in markers of cellular ageing in CD8+ T lymphocytes.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from the blood of 61 newly diagnosed PD patients and 63 age- and sex-matched controls. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte subsets, and analysis of recent thymic emigrant cells. Telomere length within CD8+ T lymphocytes was assessed, as well as the expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme (hTERT), and the cell-ageing markers p16INK4a and p21CIP1/Waf1.ResultsThe number of CD8+ TEMRA T cells was found to be significantly reduced in PD patients compared to controls. The expression of p16INK4a in CD8+ lymphocytes was also lower in patients versus controls. Chronic latent CMV infection was associated with increased senescent CD8+ lymphocytes in healthy controls, but this shift was less apparent in PD patients.ConclusionsTaken together, our data demonstrate a reduction in CD8+ T cell replicative senescence which is present at the earliest stages of Parkinson's disease.
The Formation and Lifetime of Outflows in a Solar Active Region
Creators: name: Brooks, David H.
name: Harra, Louise
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Barczynski, Krzysztof
name: Mandrini, Cristina
name: Polito, Vanessa
name: Warren, Harry P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active regions are thought to be one contributor to the slow solar wind. Upflows in EUV coronal spectral lines are routinely osberved at their boundaries, and provide the most direct way for upflowing material to escape into the heliosphere. The mechanisms that form and drive these upflows, however, remain to be fully characterised. It is unclear how quickly they form, or how long they exist during their lifetimes. They could be initiated low in the atmosphere during magnetic flux emergence, or as a response to processes occuring high in the corona when the active region is fully developed. On 2019, March 31, a simple bipolar active region (AR 12737) emerged and upflows developed on each side. We used observations from Hinode, SDO, IRIS, and Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to investigate the formation and development of the upflows from the eastern side. We used the spectroscopic data to detect the upflow, and then used the imaging data to try to trace its signature back to earlier in the active region emergence phase. We find that the upflow forms quickly, low down in the atmosphere, and that its initiation appears associated with a small field-opening eruption and the onset of a radio noise storm detected by PSP. We also confirmed that the upflows existed for the vast majority of the time the active region was observed. These results suggest that the contribution to the solar wind occurs even when the region is small, and continues for most of its lifetime.
description: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Genetic diversity of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018.
Creators: name: Rahman, Sadia Isfat Ara
name: Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi
name: Khanam, Farhana
name: Thomson, Nicholas R
name: Dyson, Zoe A
name: Taylor-Brown, Alyce
name: Chowdhury, Emran Kabir
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Baker, Stephen
name: Qadri, Firdausi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: BackgroundThe proportion of enteric fever cases caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A is increasing and may increase further as we begin to introduce typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). While numerous epidemiological and genomic studies have been conducted for S. Typhi, there are limited data describing the genomic epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A in especially in endemic settings, such as Bangladesh.Principal findingsWe conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 67 S. Paratyphi A isolated between 2008 and 2018 from eight enteric disease surveillance sites across Bangladesh. We performed a detailed phylogenetic analysis of these sequence data incorporating sequences from 242 previously sequenced S. Paratyphi A isolates from a global collection and provided evidence of lineage migration from neighboring countries in South Asia. The data revealed that the majority of the Bangladeshi S. Paratyphi A isolates belonged to the dominant global lineage A (67.2%), while the remainder were either lineage C (19.4%) or F (13.4%). The population structure was relatively homogenous across the country as we did not find any significant lineage distributions between study sites inside or outside Dhaka. Our genomic data showed presence of single point mutations in gyrA gene either at codon 83 or 87 associated with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in all Bangladeshi S. Paratyphi A isolates. Notably, we identified the pHCM2- like cryptic plasmid which was highly similar to S. Typhi plasmids circulating in Bangladesh and has not been previously identified in S. Paratyphi A organisms.SignificanceThis study demonstrates the utility of WGS to monitor the ongoing evolution of this emerging enteric pathogen. Novel insights into the genetic structure of S. Paratyphi A will aid the understanding of both regional and global circulation patterns of this emerging pathogen and provide a framework for future genomic surveillance studies.
Isomorphic classical molecular dynamics model for an excess electron in a supercritical fluid
Creators: name: Miller, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) is used to directly simulate the dynamics of an excess electron in a supercritical fluid over a broad range of densities. The accuracy of the RPMD model is tested against numerically exact path integral statistics through the use of analytical continuation techniques. At low fluid densities, the RPMD model substantially underestimates the contribution of delocalized states to the dynamics of the excess electron. However, with increasing solvent density, the RPMD model improves, nearly satisfying analytical continuation constraints at densities approaching those of typical liquids. In the high density regime, quantum dispersion substantially decreases the self-diffusion of the solvated electron. In this regime where the dynamics of the electron is strongly coupled to the dynamics of the atoms in the fluid, trajectories that can reveal diffusive motion of the electron are long in comparison to $β\hbar$.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Kantorowicz’s Oaths
Creators: name: Wimmer, Mario
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2014

description: This essay is about Ernst Kantorowicz’s stance on the anti-communist Loyalty Oath controversy at the University of California in the early years of the Cold War. Kantorowicz, who just had escaped Nazi Germany, found himself caught up in a fight between a group of so-called non-signers and the Regents of the University who tried to enforce a political oath on all faculty. In his pamphlet about the controversy Kantorowicz turned this moment of university politics into a meditation on the “fundamental issues” of academic freedom, the very character of the public office of the university professor, and the character of the university as legal corporation, which resembled his notion of a Secret Germany and anticipated aspects of his The King’s Two Bodies. After a close-reading of Kantorowicz’ pamphlet in which I analyze his understanding of the university as an idealized Arcadia of scholarship and a mythistorical reiteration of the medieval universitas magistrorum et scholarium, I finally turn to the afterlife of the Loyalty Oath controversy and its implications for our understanding of academic freedom.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 25 Nr. 3 (2014): Die "Stämme" der Akademie
Therapeutically expanded human regulatory T-cells are super-suppressive due to HIF1A induced expression of CD73.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Lorna B
name: Rainbow, Daniel B
name: Coppard, Valerie
name: Howlett, Sarah K
name: Georgieva, Zoya
name: Davies, Jessica L
name: Mullay, Harpreet Kaur
name: Hester, Joanna
name: Ashmore, Tom
name: Van Den Bosch, Aletta
name: Grist, James T
name: Coles, Alasdair J
name: Mousa, Hani S
name: Pluchino, Stefano
name: Mahbubani, Krishnaa T
name: Griffin, Julian L
name: Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh
name: Issa, Fadi
name: Peruzzotti-Jametti, Luca
name: Wicker, Linda S
name: Jones, Joanne L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The adoptive transfer of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic approach in transplantation and autoimmunity. However, because large cell numbers are needed to achieve a therapeutic effect, in vitro expansion is required. By comparing their function, phenotype and transcriptomic profile against ex vivo Tregs, we demonstrate that expanded human Tregs switch their metabolism to aerobic glycolysis and show enhanced suppressive function through hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) driven acquisition of CD73 expression. In conjunction with CD39, CD73 expression enables expanded Tregs to convert ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine. We conclude that for maximum therapeutic benefit, Treg expansion protocols should be optimised for CD39/CD73 co-expression.
Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
Creators: name: Pohl, Sandra
name: Akamp, Tobias
name: Smeda, Martyna
name: Uderhardt, Stefan
name: Besold, David
name: Krastl, Gabriel
name: Galler, Kerstin M.
name: Buchalla, Wolfgang
name: Widbiller, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: dental pulp, immunity, pulpitis, inflammation, dentin, dental caries, cytokines, chemokines
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The pulp is a unique tissue within each tooth that is susceptible to painful inflammation, known as pulpitis, triggered by microbial invasion from carious lesions or trauma that affect many individuals. The host response involves complex immunological processes for pathogen defense and dentin apposition at the site of infection. The interplay of signaling between the immune and non-immune cells via cytokines, chemokines, neuropeptides, proteases, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species leads to tissue reactions and structural changes in the pulp that escalate beyond a certain threshold to irreversible tissue damage. If left untreated, the inflammation, which is initially localized, can progress to pulpal necrosis, requiring root canal treatment and adversely affecting the prognosis of the tooth. To preserve pulp vitality and dental health, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulpitis is imperative. In particular, elucidating the links between signaling pathways, clinical symptoms, and spatiotemporal spread is essential to develop
novel therapeutic strategies and push the boundaries of vital pulp therapy.
The ubiquitous digital file: A review of file management research
Creators: name: Dinneen, Jesse David
name: Julien, Charles-Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computer users spend time every day interacting with digital files and folders, including downloading, moving, naming, navigating to, searching for, sharing, and deleting them. Such file management has been the focus of many studies across various fields, but has not been explicitly acknowledged nor made the focus of dedicated review. In this article we present the first dedicated review of this topic and its research, synthesizing more than 230 publications from various research domains to establish what is known and what remains to be investigated, particularly by examining the common motivations, methods, and findings evinced by the previously furcate body of work. We find three typical research motivations in the literature reviewed: understanding how and why users store, organize, retrieve, and share files and folders, understanding factors that determine their behavior, and attempting to improve the user experience through novel interfaces and information services. Relevant conceptual frameworks and approaches to designing and testing systems are described, and open research challenges and the significance for other research areas are discussed. We conclude that file management is a ubiquitous, challenging, and relatively unsupported activity that invites and has received attention from several disciplines and has broad importance for topics across information science.
description: Final version at https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24222
Split reductions of simple abelian varieties
Creators: name: Achter, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider an absolutely simple abelian variety X over a number field K. If the absolute endomorphism ring of X is commutative and satisfies certain parity conditions, then the reduction X_p is absolutely simple for almost all p. Conversely, if the absolute endomorphism ring of X is noncommutative, then X_p is reducible for p in a set of positive density.
description: 14 pages
Fine-Tuning Automatic Speech Recognition for People with Parkinson's: An Effective Strategy for Enhancing Speech Technology Accessibility
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiuwen
name: Phukon, Bornali
name: Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper enhances dysarthric and dysphonic speech recognition by fine-tuning pretrained automatic speech recognition (ASR) models on the 2023-10-05 data package of the Speech Accessibility Project (SAP), which contains the speech of 253 people with Parkinson's disease. Experiments tested methods that have been effective for Cerebral Palsy, including the use of speaker clustering and severity-dependent models, weighted fine-tuning, and multi-task learning. Best results were obtained using a multi-task learning model, in which the ASR is trained to produce an estimate of the speaker's impairment severity as an auxiliary output. The resulting word error rates are considerably improved relative to a baseline model fine-tuned using only Librispeech data, with word error rate improvements of 37.62\% and 26.97\% compared to fine-tuning on 100h and 960h of LibriSpeech data, respectively.
Treatment outcomes among adults with HIV/non-communicable disease multimorbidity attending integrated care clubs in Cape Town, South Africa.
Creators: name: Gausi, Blessings
name: Berkowitz, Natacha
name: Jacob, Nisha
name: Oni, Tolu
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
HIV/AIDS
South Africa
Integrated Care
Non-communicable Diseases
Multimorbidity
Adherence Clubs

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust
description: BackgroundThe growing burden of the HIV and non-communicable disease (NCD) syndemic in Sub- Saharan Africa has necessitated introduction of integrated models of care in order to leverage existing HIV care infrastructure for NCDs. However, there is paucity of literature on treatment outcomes for multimorbid patients attending integrated care. We describe 12-month treatment outcomes among multimorbid patients attending integrated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and NCD clubs in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsAs part of an integrated clubs (IC) model pilot implemented in 2016 by the local government at two primary health care clinics in Cape Town, we identified all multimorbid patients who were enrolled for IC for at least 12 months by August 2017. Mean adherence percentages (using proxy of medication collection and attendance of club visits) and optimal disease control (defined as the proportion of participants achieving optimal blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin control and HIV viral load suppression where appropriate) were calculated at 12 months before, at the point of IC enrolment and 12 months after IC enrolment. Predictors of NCD control 12 months post IC enrolment were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAs of 31 August 2017, 247 HIV-infected patients in total had been enrolled into IC for at least 12 months. Of these, 221 (89.5%) had hypertension, 4 (1.6%) had diabetes mellitus and 22 (8.9%) had both diseases. Adherence was maintained before and after IC enrolment with mean adherence percentages of 92.2% and 94.2% respectively. HIV viral suppression rates were 98.6%, 99.5% and 99.4% at the three time points respectively. Retention in care was high with 6.9% lost to follow up at 12 months post IC enrolment. Across the 3 time-points, optimal blood pressure control was achieved in 43.1%, 58.9% and 49.4% of participants while optimal glycaemic control was achieved in 47.4%, 87.5% and 53.3% of participants with diabetes respectively. Multivariable logistic analyses showed no independent variables significantly associated with NCD control.ConclusionMultimorbid adults living with HIV achieved high levels of HIV control in integrated HIV and NCD clubs. However, intensified interventions are needed to maintain NCD control in the long term.
Beryllium Abundances in Stars of One-Solar-Mass
Creators: name: Boesgaard, Ann Merchant
name: Krugler, Julie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined Be abundances in 50 F and G dwarfs in the mass range of 0.9 $\leq$ M$_\odot$ $\leq$ 1.1 as determined by Lambert & Reddy. The effective temperatures are 5600 to 6400 K and metallicities from $-$0.65 to +0.11. The spectra were taken primarily with Keck I + HIRES. The Be abundances were found via spectral synthesis of Be II lines near 3130 Å. The Be abundances were investigated as a function of age, temperature, metallicity and Li abundance in this narrow mass range. Even though our stars are similar in mass, they show a range in Be abundances of a factor of $>$40. We find that [Be/Fe] has no dependence on temperature, but does show a spread of a factor of 6 at a given temperature. The reality of the spread is shown by two identical stars which differ from each other by a factor of two only in their abundances of Li and Be. Our thin-disk-star sample fits the trend between Be abundance and [Fe/H] found for halo and thick disk stars, extending it to about 4 orders of magnitude in the two logarithmic quantities. Both Fe and Be appear to increase similarly over time in the Galaxy. One-third of our sample may be classified as subgiants; these more-evolved stars have lower Be abundances than the dwarfs. They have undergone Be depletion by slow mixing on the main sequence and Be dilution during their trip toward the red giant base. There are both Li and Be detections in 60 field stars in the "Li-plateau" of 5900 - 6300 K now and the abundances of the two light elements are correlated with a slope of 0.34 $\pm$0.05, with greater Li depletion than Be depletion.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables Astrophysical Journal, Accepted Sep. 19, 2008
Electronic spectrum and superconductivity in the extended t-J-V model
Creators: name: Tung, Nguen Dan
name: Vladimirov, Artem
name: Plakida, Nikolay M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A consistent microscopic theory of superconductivity for strongly correlated electronic systems is presented within the extended t-J-V model where the intersite Coulomb repulsion and the electron-phonon interaction are taken into account. The exact Dyson equation for the normal and anomalous (pair) Green functions is derived for the projected (Hubbard) electronic operators. The equation is solved in the self-consistent Born approximation for the self-energy. We obtain the d-wave pairing with high-Tc induced by the strong kinematical interaction of the order of the kinetic energy $\sim t$ of electrons with spin fluctuations which is much larger than the exchange interaction J. The Coulomb repulsion and the electron-phonon interaction give small contributions for the d-wave pairing. These results support the spin-fluctuation mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates previously proposed in phenomenological models.
description: 19 pages, 23 figures, 145 references
The Hsc70 disaggregation machinery removes monomer units directly from α-synuclein fibril ends.
Creators: name: Schneider, Matthias M
name: Gautam, Saurabh
name: Herling, Therese W
name: Andrzejewska, Ewa
name: Krainer, Georg
name: Miller, Alyssa M
name: Trinkaus, Victoria A
name: Peter, Quentin A E
name: Ruggeri, Francesco Simone
name: Vendruscolo, Michele
name: Bracher, Andreas
name: Dobson, Christopher M
name: Hartl, F Ulrich
name: Knowles, Tuomas P J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Molecular chaperones contribute to the maintenance of cellular protein homoeostasis through assisting de novo protein folding and preventing amyloid formation. Chaperones of the Hsp70 family can further disaggregate otherwise irreversible aggregate species such as α-synuclein fibrils, which accumulate in Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms and kinetics of this key functionality are only partially understood. Here, we combine microfluidic measurements with chemical kinetics to study α-synuclein disaggregation. We show that Hsc70 together with its co-chaperones DnaJB1 and Apg2 can completely reverse α-synuclein aggregation back to its soluble monomeric state. This reaction proceeds through first-order kinetics where monomer units are removed directly from the fibril ends with little contribution from intermediate fibril fragmentation steps. These findings extend our mechanistic understanding of the role of chaperones in the suppression of amyloid proliferation and in aggregate clearance, and inform on possibilities and limitations of this strategy in the development of therapeutics against synucleinopathies.
HSbooster.eu Training Session 5: Standardisation in Practice - Roles of NSBs and Identifying Gaps in the Current Standards
Creators: name: Mijatovic, Ivana
name: Cox, Barry
name: Malik, Sweta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: On 21 December 2023, HSbooster.eu organised its fifth training session on Standardisation in Practice, delving into the roles of National Standardisation Bodies (NSBs) and identifying gaps in current standards. This engaging session provided a comprehensive overview of Standard Users and the Use of Standards, featuring esteemed speakers. 

The HSbooster.eu Training Series on Standardisation in Practice is designed to bridge the gap between European NSBs' activities and researchers. Focused on topics relevant to researchers, these sessions aim to familiarise participants with the work of national standardisation bodies and offer insights on how NSBs can support research projects.

Barry Cox, Standards Officer, from the National Standards Authority (NSAI), specifically explains the role of NSBs using the example of the national standardisation body of Ireland – NSAI. Additionally, Dr. Sweta Malik, the recipient of the prestigious Standards4EU Young Researcher Award by CEN and CENELEC, guided us on identifying gaps in current standards.

Don't miss the chance! Revisit the previous Training Academy's online sessions: https://hsbooster.eu/events.

Visit our website now at https://hsbooster.eu/training-academy to access valuable resources and continue your journey towards excellence.

Follow us on our pages:🎓 https://www.linkedin.com/company/hsbooster-eu 💬 https://twitter.com/HSboosterEU
Tre voci per un Lexicon di Giuseppe Pontiggia
Creators: name: Marcheschi, Daniela
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014
Subjects: Parola; ossimoro; John Dewey; Marcel Jousse; musica

description: Tre parole-chiave offrono lo spunto per un’immersione nel pensiero e nell’opera di Giuseppe Pontiggia. La prima: parola, riaffermata dallo scrittore in quanto atto civile e ‘corporeo’ mediante il quale l’uomo fa esperienza di se stesso entrando in contatto con i suoi simili e con il circostante, ricongiungendosi insieme alla sua più profonda e antica natura. Viene così restituita allo scrittore/critico la responsabilità di lottare contro l’attuale minaccia dello svuotamento linguistico, nel nome di una costruttiva utopia culturale. La seconda parola, musica, serve a illuminare i romanzi di Pontiggia – in specie La grande sera e L’arte della fuga – attraverso suggestive analogie con la musica classica e il jazz, predilette dallo scrittore. Ossimoro è l’ultima voce di questo Lexicon: figura retorica, ma soprattutto figura conoscitiva che permette allo scrittore di scoprire la propria verità e il proprio linguaggio e al lettore di abbracciare una visione non lineare e problematica del mondo, capace di ampliare le prospettive e rinnovare lo sguardo.
description: ENTHYMEMA, No 10 (2014)
Mean Force Based Temperature Accelerated Sliced Sampling: Efficient Reconstruction of High Dimensional Free Energy Landscapes
Creators: name: Pal, Asit
name: Pal, Subhendu
name: Verma, Shivani
name: Shiga, Motoyuki
name: Nair, Nisanth N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature Accelerated Sliced Sampling (TASS) is an efficient method to compute high dimensional free energy landscapes. The original TASS method employs the Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM) which is an iterative post-processing to reweight and stitch high dimensional probability distributions in sliced windows that are obtained in the presence of restraining biases. The WHAM necessitates that TASS windows lie close to each other for proper overlap of distributions and span the collective variable space of interest. On the other hand, increase in number of TASS windows implies more number of simulations, and thus it affects the efficiency of the method. To overcome this problem, we propose herein a new mean-force (MF) based reweighting scheme called TASS-MF, which enables accurate computation with a fewer number of windows devoid of the WHAM post-processing. Application of the technique is demonstrated for alanine di- and tripeptides in vacuo to compute their two- and four-dimensional free energy landscapes, the latter of which is formidable in conventional umbrella sampling and metadynamics. The landscapes are computed within a kcal/mol accuracy, ensuring a safe usage for broad applications in computational chemistry.
editorial: frauen politik transformation
Creators: name: Hauch, Gabriella
name: Thumser-Whöhs, Regina
name: Velek, Luboš
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2015

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 26 Nr. 2 (2015): Frauen Politik Transformation
An Extreme Solar Event of 20 January 2005: Properties of the Flare and the Origin of Energetic Particles
Creators: name: Grechnev, V. V.
name: Kurt, V. G.
name: Chertok, I. M.
name: Uralov, A. M.
name: Nakajima, H.
name: Altyntsev, A. T.
name: Belov, A. V.
name: Yushkov, B. Yu.
name: Kuznetsov, S. N.
name: Kashapova, L. K.
name: Meshalkina, N. S.
name: Prestage, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme solar and SEP event of 20 January 2005 is analyzed from two perspectives. Firstly, we study features of the main phase of the flare, when the strongest emissions from microwaves up to 200 MeV gamma-rays were observed. Secondly, we relate our results to a long-standing controversy on the origin of SEPs arriving at Earth, i.e., acceleration in flares, or shocks ahead of CMEs. All emissions from microwaves up to 2.22 MeV line gamma-rays during the main flare phase originated within a compact structure located just above sunspot umbrae. A huge radio burst with a frequency maximum at 30 GHz was observed, indicating the presence of a large number of energetic electrons in strong magnetic fields. Thus, protons and electrons responsible for flare emissions during its main phase were accelerated within the magnetic field of the active region. The leading, impulsive parts of the GLE, and highest-energy gamma-rays identified with pi^0-decay emission, are similar and correspond in time. The origin of the pi^0-decay gamma-rays is argued to be the same as that of lower energy emissions. We estimate the sky-plane speed of the CME to be 2000-2600 km/s, i.e., high, but of the same order as preceding non-GLE-related CMEs from the same active region. Hence, the flare itself rather than the CME appears to determine the extreme nature of this event. We conclude that the acceleration, at least, to sub-relativistic energies, of electrons and protons, responsible for both the flare emissions and the leading spike of SEP/GLE by 07 UT, are likely to have occurred simultaneously within the flare region. We do not rule out a probable contribution from particles accelerated in the CME-driven shock for the leading GLE spike, which seemed to dominate later on.
description: 34 pages, 14 Postscript figures. Solar Physics, accepted. A typo corrected. The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Large gaps and high accretion rates in photoevaporative transition disks with a dead zone
Creators: name: Gárate, Matías
name: Delage, Timmy N.
name: Stadler, Jochen
name: Pinilla, Paola
name: Birnstiel, Til
name: Stammler, Sebastian M.
name: Picogna, Giovanni
name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Franz, Raphael
name: Lenz, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of young stars hosting transition disks show that several of them have high accretion rates, despite their disks presenting extended cavities in their dust component. This represents a challenge for theoretical models, which struggle to reproduce both features. We explore if a disk evolution model, including a dead zone and disk dispersal by X-ray photoevaporation, can explain the high accretion rates and large gaps (or cavities) measured in transition disks. We implement a dead zone turbulence profile and a photoevaporative mass loss profile into numerical simulations of gas and dust. We perform a population synthesis study of the gas component, and obtain synthetic images and SED of the dust component through radiative transfer calculations. This model results in long lived inner disks and fast dispersing outer disks, that can reproduce both the accretion rates and gap sizes observed in transition disks. For a dead zone of turbulence $α_{dz} = 10^{-4}$ and extent $r_{dz}$ = 10 AU, our population synthesis study shows that $63\%$ of our transition disks are accreting with $\dot{M}_g > 10^{-11} M_\odot/yr$ after opening a gap. Among those accreting transition disks, half display accretion rates higher than $5\times10^{-10} M_\odot/yr$ . The dust component in these disks is distributed in two regions: in a compact inner disk inside the dead zone, and in a ring at the outer edge of the photoevaporative gap, which can be located between 20 AU and 100 AU. Our radiative transfer calculations show that the disk displays an inner disk and an outer ring in the millimeter continuum, a feature observed in some transition disks. A disk model considering X-ray photoevaporative dispersal in combination with dead zones can explain several of the observed properties in transition disks including: the high accretion rates, the large gaps, and long-lived inner disks at mm-emission.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures. Accepted in A&A
Global existence for compressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations in three and higher dimensions
Creators: name: Hao, Chengchun
name: Li, Hai-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 76D03

description: The compressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson system is concerned in the present paper, and the global existence and uniqueness of the strong solution is shown in the framework of hybrid Besov spaces in three and higher dimensions.
description: 28 pages
AAV9-mediated Schwann cell-targeted gene therapy rescues a model of demyelinating neuropathy
Creators: name: Kagiava, Alexia
name: Karaiskos, Christos
name: Richter, Jan
name: Tryfonos, Christina
name: Jennings, Matthew J.
name: Heslegrave, Amanda J.
name: Sargiannidou, Irene
name: Stavrou, Marina
name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Reilly, Mary M.
name: Christodoulou, Christina
name: Horvath, Rita
name: Kleopa, Kleopas A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/378/1959
/692/699/375
/631/378/2606
/692/53
/13/51
/64/110
/82/29
/101/28
article

description: Funder: The Republic of Cyprus through the Research and Innovation Foundation Foundation (Project: CULTURE/BR-NE/0416/07)
description: Funder: Wallenberg Scholar and the fluid biomarker measurements in the lab of HZ and AJH were supported by the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
description: Abstract: Mutations in the GJB1 gene, encoding the gap junction (GJ) protein connexin32 (Cx32), cause X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1X), an inherited demyelinating neuropathy. We developed a gene therapy approach for CMT1X using an AAV9 vector to deliver the GJB1/Cx32 gene under the myelin protein zero (Mpz) promoter for targeted expression in Schwann cells. Lumbar intrathecal injection of the AAV9-Mpz.GJB1 resulted in widespread biodistribution in the peripheral nervous system including lumbar roots, sciatic and femoral nerves, as well as in Cx32 expression in the paranodal non-compact myelin areas of myelinated fibers. A pre-, as well as post-onset treatment trial in Gjb1-null mice, demonstrated improved motor performance and sciatic nerve conduction velocities along with improved myelination and reduced inflammation in peripheral nerve tissues. Blood biomarker levels were also significantly ameliorated in treated mice. This study provides evidence that a clinically translatable AAV9-mediated gene therapy approach targeting Schwann cells could potentially treat CMT1X.
The Equivalence of Semidefinite Relaxation MIMO Detectors for Higher-Order QAM
Creators: name: Ma, Wing-Kin
name: Su, Chao-Cheng
name: Jalden, Joakim
name: Chang, Tsung-Hui
name: Chi, Chong-Yung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) detection, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) has been shown to be an efficient high-performance approach. Developed initially for BPSK and QPSK, SDR has been found to be capable of providing near-optimal performance (for those constellations). This has stimulated a number of recent research endeavors that aim to apply SDR to the high-order QAM cases. These independently developed SDRs are different in concept and structure, and presently no serious analysis has been given to compare these methods. This paper analyzes the relationship of three such SDR methods, namely the polynomial-inspired SDR (PI-SDR) by Wiesel et al., the bound-constrained SDR (BC-SDR) by Sidiropoulos and Luo, and the virtually-antipodal SDR (VA-SDR) by Mao et al. The result that we have proven is somehow unexpected: the three SDRs are equivalent. Simply speaking, we show that solving any one SDR is equivalent to solving the other SDRs. This paper also discusses some implications arising from the SDR equivalence, and provides simulation results to verify our theoretical findings.
description: Submitted to IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Aug 2008
Giant Nernst Effect due to Fluctuating Cooper Pairs in Superconductors
Creators: name: Serbyn, M. N.
name: Skvortsov, M. A.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
name: Galitski, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of the fluctuation-induced Nernst effect is developed for arbitrary magnetic fields and temperatures beyond the upper critical field line in a two-dimensional superconductor. First, we derive a simple phenomenological formula for the Nernst coefficient, which naturally explains the giant Nernst signal due to fluctuating Cooper pairs. The latter is shown to be large even far from the transition and may exceed by orders of magnitude the Fermi liquid terms. We also present a complete microscopic calculation (which includes quantum fluctuations) of the Nernst coefficient and give its asymptotic dependencies in various regions on the phase diagram. It is argued that the magnitude and the behavior of the Nernst signal observed experimentally in disordered superconducting films can be well-understood on the basis of the superconducting fluctuation theory.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Bacteriophages as potential therapeutic agents in the control of bacterial infections
Creators: name: Gomes Dallepiane, Felipe
name: Alejandro Coimbra Nogueira, Malena
name: Menezes Dos Anjos, Lucas
name: De Souza Melo, Gilberto
name: Paulo De Carli, Jao
name: Henriques, Bruno
name: Fongaro, Gislaine
name: Cristiane Cabral Cruz, Ariadne
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2025

description: EXCLI Journal; 24:Doc524; ISSN 1611-2156
Amplification of light scattering in arrays of nanoholes by plasmonic absorption-induced transparency
Creators: name: Rodrigo, Sergio G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption induced transparency is an optical phenomenon that occurs in metallic arrays of nanoholes when materials featuring narrow lines in their absorption spectra are deposited on top of it. First reported in the visible range, using dye lasers as cover materials, it has been described as transmission peaks unexpectedly close to the absorption energies of the dye laser. In this work, amplification of light is demonstrated in the active regime of absorption induced transparency. Amplification of stimulated emission can be achieved when the dye laser behaves as a gain material. Intense illumination can modify the dielectric constant of the gain material, which in turn, changes the propagation properties of the plasmonic modes excited in the hole arrays, providing both less damping to light and further feedback, enhancing the stimulated emission process.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures