cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Does Trust Impact Sovereign Credit Default Swap Spreads?
Creators: name: Rossjohn, Bevan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sovereign
Credit Default Swaps
Trust
Markets
Global
Regression
Fi

description: Trust is a key aspect underpinning any market or transaction, particularly within sovereign credit default swap (SCDS) markets, yet the question of its impact on its pricing has been left unanswered. This thesis seeks to analyse the spreads of SCDS across a wide range of countries and answer the question: how does the level of trust that global investors have in a nation influence these spreads? Through an extensive empirical analysis and novel theoretical discussion, we seek to further the field of sovereign behavioural finance. This study suggests that there are three key effects in SCDS markets relating to trust. The first is the Economic Development Effect, where countries with higher GDP per capita have more favourably priced SCDS due to their superior economic development, and not any fundamental factors. Secondly, a Financial Development Effect is found where countries with more developed markets and institutions additionally have lower SCDS spreads due to this development alone. Thirdly is the Unobserved Effect, whereby sovereign spreads are influenced by a large degree of unobserved country heterogeneity. All three effects are highly economically and statistically significant, and we suggest that these observations are due to the underlying beliefs and preferences of international investors. These effects are captured through the creation of a Trust Index, which provides a ranking of the most trusted countries in the context of debt repayment. This index highlights the differential treatment of nations by global investors in credit which, in a time of record-high global sovereign debt levels, should be carefully scrutinised.
On the effectiveness of effective field theory in peripheral nucleon-nucleon scattering
Creators: name: Birse, Michael C.
name: McGovern, Judith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peripheral nucleon-nucleon scattering is analysed in the framework of an effective field theory. Distorted-wave methods are used to remove the effects of one-pion exchange. Two-pion exchange and recoil corrections to one-pion exchange are then subtracted pertubatively. This removes all contributions up to order Q^3 in the chiral expansion. We have applied this to the 1D2, 1F3 and 1G4 waves, using phase shifts from various partial-wave analyses by the Nijmegen group. In regions where these analyses agree we find no evidence for a breakdown of the chiral expansion. One of the terms in the effective short-range potential, the leading one in the 1D2 channel, is larger might be expected, but in general these terms have momentum scales of about 300-400 MeV. We also see hints of isospin breaking in the pi-N couplings.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures (improved determination of scales in residual interaction)
Verification benchmarks for single-phase flow in three-dimensional fractured porous media
Creators: name: Berre, Inga
name: Boon, Wietse M.
name: Flemisch, Bernd
name: Fumagalli, Alessio
name: Gläser, Dennis
name: Keilegavlen, Eirik
name: Scotti, Anna
name: Stefansson, Ivar
name: Tatomir, Alexandru
name: Brenner, Konstantin
name: Burbulla, Samuel
name: Devloo, Philippe
name: Duran, Omar
name: Favino, Marco
name: Hennicker, Julian
name: Lee, I-Hsien
name: Lipnikov, Konstantin
name: Masson, Roland
name: Mosthaf, Klaus
name: Nestola, Maria Giuseppina Chiara
name: Ni, Chuen-Fa
name: Nikitin, Kirill
name: Schädle, Philipp
name: Svyatskiy, Daniil
name: Yanbarisov, Ruslan
name: Zulian, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Flow in fractured porous media occurs in the earth's subsurface, in biological tissues, and in man-made materials. Fractures have a dominating influence on flow processes, and the last decade has seen an extensive development of models and numerical methods that explicitly account for their presence. To support these developments, we present a portfolio of four benchmark cases for single-phase flow in three-dimensional fractured porous media. The cases are specifically designed to test the methods' capabilities in handling various complexities common to the geometrical structures of fracture networks. Based on an open call for participation, results obtained with 17 numerical methods were collected. This paper presents the underlying mathematical model, an overview of the features of the participating numerical methods, and their performance in solving the benchmark cases.
title: MESSENGER Observations of Volcanism on Mercury: From Hokusai Quadrangle Down to Small Cones
Creators: name: Wright, Jack
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis addresses the regional geology of the planet Mercury as seen by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. I aimed to investigate the existence and origin of volcanic photogeological units and landforms on Mercury not mappable at the global scale. Using MESSENGER images, I have made the first 1:3,000,000-scale geological map of the Hokusai (H05) quadrangle. My map shows that this region has a similar history of effusive volcanism to the rest of Mercury, with widespread plains formation having given way to lower volume effusions that were ultimately confined to impact craters. However, I found that H05 contains plains that do not conform to the definitions of the two globally recognised plains units on Mercury, intercrater plains and smooth plains, which are thought to be volcanic in origin. I mapped such plains as intermediate plains, due to their intermediate roughness between the two global plains types, and I suggest that they represent incompletely volcanically resurfaced regions of Mercury’s crust. The apparent absence of even small volcanic constructs on Mercury, emphasised to me during my mapping of the volcanologically diverse H05, led me to search for such constructs across Mercury. The two candidates I found, if volcanic, were probably built by low-volume eruptions that were uncharacteristic of most of Mercury’s volcanic history. During my search for volcanoes, I investigated the circum-Caloris knobs. Through mapping, photogeological observations and topographic measurements, I have shown that these small (<15 km across) landforms are not volcanoes, but instead are Caloris ejecta blocks that have undergone long-lived, or even recent, modification into cones. My observations suggest that volatile-loss might have driven modification of the blocks. The intermediate plains, candidate volcanoes, and circum-Caloris knobs will be important targets for the BepiColombo mission, which launched during the preparation of this thesis.
3 - 14 Micron Spectroscopy of Comets C/2002 O4 (Honig), C/2002 V1 (NEAT), C/2002 X5 (Kudo-Fujikawa), C/2002 Y1 (Juels-Holvorcem), 69P/Taylor, and the Relationships among Grain Temperature, Silicate Band Strength and Structure among Comet Families
Creators: name: Sitko, Michael L.
name: Lynch, David K.
name: Russell, Ray W.
name: Hanner, Martha S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 3 - 13 micron spectroscopy of 4 comets observed between August 2002 and February 2003: C/2002 O4 (Honig) on August 1, 2002, C/2002 V1 (NEAT) on Jan. 9 and 10, 2003, C/2002 X5 (Kudo-Fujikawa) on Jan. 9 and 10, 2003, and C/2002 Y1 (Juels-Holvorcem) on Feb. 20, 2003. In addition, we include data obtained much earlier on 69P/Taylor (February 9, 1998) but not previously published. For Comets Taylor, Honig, NEAT, and Kudo-Fujikawa, the silicate emission band was detected, being approximately 23%, 12%, 15%, and 10%, respectively, above the continuum. The data for Comet Juels-Holvorcem were of insufficient quality to detect the presence of a silicate band of comparable strength to the other three objects, and we place an upper limit of 24% on this feature. The silicate features in both NEAT and Kudo-Fujikawa contained structure indicating the presence of crystalline material. Combining these data with those of other comets, we confirm the correlation between silicate band strength and grain temperature of Gehrz & Ney (1992) and Williams et al. (1997) for dynamically new and long period comets, but the majority of Jupiter family objects may deviate from this relation. The limited data available on Jupiter family objects suggest that they may have silicate bands that are slightly different from the former objects. Finally, when compared to the silicate emission bands observed in pre-main sequence stars, the dynamically new and long period comets most closely resemble the more evolved stellar systems, while the limited data (in quantity and quality) on Jupiter family objects seem to suggest that these have spectra more like the less-evolved stars.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures
Vortex Stretching and Reconnection in a Compressible Fluid
Creators: name: Shivamoggi, Bhimsen K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex stretching in a compressible fluid is considered. Two-dimensional and axisymmetric cases are considered separately. The flows associated with the vortices are perpendicular to the plane of the uniform straining flows. Externally-imposed density build-up near the axis leads to enhanced compactness of the vortices - "dressed" vortices (in analogy to "dressed" charged particles in a dielectric system). The compressible vortex flow solutions in the 2D as well as axisymmetric cases identify a length scale relevant for the compressible case which leads to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili spectrum for compressible turbulence. Vortex reconnection process in a compressible fluid is shown to be possible even in the inviscid case - compressibility leads to defreezing of vortex lines in the fluid.
The Low Earth Orbit Satellite Population and Impacts of the SpaceX Starlink Constellation
Creators: name: McDowell, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the current low Earth orbit artificial satellite population and show that the proposed `megaconstellation' of circa 12,000 Starlink internet satellites would dominate the lower part of Earth orbit, below 600 km, with a latitude-dependent areal number density of between 0.005 and 0.01 objects per square degree at airmass < 2. Such large, low altitude satellites appear visually bright to ground observers, and the initial Starlinks are naked eye objects. I model the expected number of illuminated satellites as a function of latitude, time of year, and time of night and summarize the range of possible consequences for ground-based astronomy. In winter at lower latitudes typical of major observatories, the satellites will not be illuminated for six hours in the middle of the night. However, at low elevations near twilight at intermediate latitudes (45-55 deg, e.g. much of Europe) hundreds of satellites may be visible at once to naked-eye observers at dark sites.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures. Published in Ap J Letters
Effects of initial state fluctuations on the mean transverse momentum
Creators: name: Gardim, Fernando G.
name: Giacalone, Giuliano
name: Luzum, Matthew
name: Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in ideal hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions, initial state fluctuations result in an increase of the mean transverse momentum of outgoing hadrons, $\langle p_t\rangle$. Specifically, $\langle p_t\rangle$ is larger by a few percent if realistic fluctuations are implemented than with smooth initial conditions, the multiplicity and impact parameter being kept fixed. We show that result can be traced back to the fact that for a given total entropy, the initial energy contained in the fluid is larger if the density profile is bumpy. We discuss the implication of these results for the extraction of the equation of state of QCD from experimental data.
description: 4 pages
Restructuring and Breakup of Nanowires with the Diamond Cubic Crystal Structure into Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Gorshkov, Vyacheslav N.
name: Tereshchuk, Vladimir V.
name: Sareh2, Pooya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kinetic Monte Carlo approach is applied to study physical mechanisms responsible for the breakup of nanowires with the diamond cubic crystal structure into a chain of nanoparticles discovered in preceding experiments on Silicon nanowires. We show that this process is based on the well-known mechanism of roughening transition, which specifically manifests itself in quasi-one-dimensional systems/nanowires with a pronounced anisotropy of the surface energy density. Depending on the temperature and orientation of the nanowire relative to its internal crystal structure, the wavelengths of substantial cross-sectional modulations exceed its initial radius by 4 to 18 times. For certain orientations, a straight nanowire at the initial stage of evolution forms a serpentine/helical structure. The scenarios of the stage of nanowire ruptures into single nanoclusters are also diverse: either each spindle-shaped region of the nanowire transforms into a separate drop (by long-wave surface perturbations), or the adjacent short-scale beads absorb each other due to the Ostwald ripening effect, which can be accompanied by the formation of long-lived many-body dumbbells. The discovered features of the dynamics of quasi-onedimensional systems expand our conceptions of the physical mechanisms involved in the breakup of nanowires (presented by Nichols and Mullins as a classical model for such instabilities) which could be useful in applications based on chains of ordered nanoparticles.
description: 38 pages, 15 figures, 7 video
Charm Physics Confronts High-$p_T$ Lepton Tails
Creators: name: Fuentes-Martin, Javier
name: Greljo, Admir
name: Camalich, Jorge Martin
name: Ruiz-Alvarez, Jose David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic survey of possible short-distance new-physics effects in (semi)leptonic charged- and neutral-current charmed meson decays. Using the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to analyze the most relevant experimental data at low and high energies, we demonstrate a striking complementarity between charm decays and high invariant mass lepton tails at the LHC. Interestingly enough, high-$p_T$ Drell-Yan data offer competitive constraints on most new physics scenarios. Furthermore, the full set of correlated constraints from $K$, $π$ and $τ$ decays imposed by $SU(2)_L$ gauge invariance is considered. The bounds from $D_{(s)}$ decays, high-$p_T$ lepton tails and $SU(2)_L$ relations chart the space of the SMEFT affecting semi(leptonic) charm flavor transitions.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures. v2: Improved discussion in 6.2. Typos corrected. References added. Version submitted to JHEP
title: An investigation into the development of a computerized information system for NHS physiotherapy services in England : an action research study.
Creators: name: Jones, Robert J
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The key focus of the thesis is an action research study, in which a critical approach was adopted. The thesis is about an investigation into the process of developing a computerized information system for physiotherapy services within the NHS in England. The idea that there was an identifiable need for such a system to be developed specffically for physiotherapy services arose out of increasing requirements throughout the 1 980s and early 1 990s from government policy and initiatives. Important influences included; implementation of the Körner recommendations, a more business oriented approach and NHS Reforms; the clinical requirements of physiotherapy services and the continuing process of professionalization and managerial imperatives within the N}{S and physiotherapy itself. The principal method was an action research approach in which the researcher actively led the development and eventual successful implementation of a computerized information system for physiotherapy services. The research encompassed a reflective post-intervention evaluation using a conceptual problem solving framework, Normative Information Model-based Systems Analysis and Design - NIMSAD. Using this approach, the work was evaluated against three identified elements: The problem situation, the "intended" problem solver - the researcher - and the problem solving process. A supplementary empirical study was also undertaken using a national questionnaire survey to assess the use of computerized information systems by physiotherapy managers; examine their impact and obtain information on the views of physiotherapy managers about the use and relevance of such systems in physiotherapy
On cohesive almost zero-dimensional spaces
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Jan J.
name: Lipham, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F45, 54F50, 54D35, 54G20

description: We investigate C-sets in almost zero-dimensional spaces, showing that closed $σ$C-sets are C-sets. As corollaries, we prove that every rim-$σ$-compact almost zero-dimensional space is zero-dimensional and that each cohesive almost zero-dimensional space is nowhere rational. To show these results are sharp, we construct a rim-discrete connected set with an explosion point. We also show every cohesive almost zero-dimensional subspace of $($Cantor set$)$$\times\mathbb R$ is nowhere dense.
description: 11 pages
The nature of the Lyman-alpha emission region of FDF-4691
Creators: name: Tapken, C.
name: Appenzeller, I.
name: Mehlert, D.
name: Noll, S.
name: Richling, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to study the origin of the strong Lyman-alpha emission of high-redshift starburst galaxies we observed and modeled the emission of the z = 3.304 galaxy FDF-4691 (rest-frame EW = 103 Angstroem). The observations show that FDF-4691 is a young starburst galaxy with a (for this redshift) typical metallicity. The broad, double-peaked profile of the Lyman-alpha emission line can be explained assuming a highly turbulent emission region in the inner part of the starburst galaxy, and a surrounding extended shell of low-density neutral gas with a normal dust/gas ratio and with Galactic dust properties. The detection of the Lyman-alpha emission line is explained by the intrinsic broad Lyman-alpha emission and a low HI column density of the neutral shell. A low dust/gas ratio in the neutral shell is not needed to explain the strong Lyman-alpha line.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Glaresis Erichson 1848
Creators: name: Gordon, Robert D.
name: Hanley, Guy A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Glaresidae
Glaresis

description: Glaresis - Phoenicis Group
 Description. Size moderate to large, length 2.7 to 5.3 mm. Clypeal apex flat, truncate or emarginate, surface tuberculate (Fig. 5B, 6B). Pronotal fovea absent or weakly impressed. Elytral striae not to weakly carinate. Metasternum with surface ridges unmodified, metasternal groove not visible or difficult to detect. Mesotibia with strong apical projection, posterolateral emargination with 4-9 spines (G. clypeata may have more than 5 spines). Posterior metatrochanteral margin without teeth, or lateral angle with single tooth. Lateral metatibial margin not apically incised, with small, more or less even teeth, lacking a major posteromedian lateral projection (except G. clypeata). Apex of 5th female abdominal ventrite notched or weakly emarginate medially (except G. clypeata), male ventrite apically truncate or slightly arcuate.
 Remarks. This group contains 6 species, all except G. clypeata superficially very similar in appearance. Glaresis clypeata is atypical of this group, but is placed here because it is more similar to G. phoenicis and allies than to any other group of Glaresis.
description: Published as part of Gordon, Robert D. & Hanley, Guy A., 2014, Systematic revision of American Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), pp. 1-91 in Insecta Mundi 2014 (333) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645613
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ НА АКВАЛЬНЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Creators: name: Е.Г. Макеева
name: В.В. Непомнящий
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: рекреация
рекреационное водопользование
туризм
водная ре-креация
рекреационная нагрузка

description: Изложены методические подходы к вопросам рекреационного водопользования. Рассмотрены последствия организованной и неорганизованной рекреации, а также влияние маломерного флота на качество воды и рекреационную ценность аквальных комплексов. Проведено обобщение последствий любительского лова рыбы и массового туризма на водные экосистемы.
Mechanistic insights into RNA binding and RNA-regulated RIG-I ubiquitination by TRIM25
Creators: name: Haubrich, Kevin
name: Augsten, Sandra
name: Álvarez, Lucía
name: Huppertz, Ina
name: Simon, Bernd
name: Perez, Kathryn
name: Masiewicz, Pawel
name: Lethier, Mathilde
name: Rittinger, Katrin
name: Gabel, Frank
name: Hentze, Matthias W.
name: Cusack, Stephen
name: Hennig, Janosch
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2020

description: doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.070177
description: TRIM25 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase active in innate immunity and cell fate decisions. Mounting evidence suggests that TRIM25′s E3 ligase activity is regulated by RNAs. However, while mutations affecting RNA binding have been described, neither the precise RNA binding site has been identified nor which domains are involved. Here, we present biophysical evidence for the presence of RNA binding sites on both TRIM25 PRY/SPRY and coiled-coil domains, and map the binding site on the PRY/SPRY with residue resolution. Cooperative RNA-binding of both domains enhances their otherwise transient interaction in solution and increases the E3 ligase activity of TRIM25. We also show that TRIM25 not only binds RNA in mammalian cells but that interfering with RNA binding has an effect on cellular RIG-I ubiquitination.
Life Cycle Analysis of UBC Buildings: The Buchanan Building
Creators: name: Cortese, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ ВОЛНЫ ПАВОДКА НА УЧАСТКЕ ВЕРХНЕЙ И СРЕДНЕЙ ОБИ
Creators: name: В.Ю. Пасечкина
name: Т.Э. Овчинникова
name: А.А. Атавин
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: система русел
паводок
распространение волны
оценка погрешности метода

description: Рассматривается пример численного моделирования прохождения волны паводка на участке верхней и средней Оби ниже плотины Новосибирской ГЭС. Расчеты выполнены с использованием численной модели распространения волн половодий и паводков в системе русел STREAM, разработанной в ИВЭП СО РАН. Протяженность участка составляет 1210 км. Учитываются расходы нескольких притоков. Модель демонстрирует устойчивую работу в условиях крупного открытого речного русла. С использованием модельной области для разветвленного русла выполнена оценка погрешности разностного метода, используемого в модели, по правилу Рунге.
A modular phantom and software to characterize 3D geometric distortion in MRI
Creators: name: Slagowski, Jordan M.
name: Ding, Yao
name: Aima, Manik
name: Wen, Zhifei
name: Fuller, Clifton D.
name: Chung, Caroline
name: Debnam, J. Matthew
name: Hwang, Ken-Pin
name: Kadbi, Mo
name: Szklaruk, Janio
name: Wang, Jihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MRI offers outstanding soft tissue contrast that may reduce uncertainties in target and organ-at-risk delineation and enable online adaptive image-guided treatment. Spatial distortions resulting from non-linearities in the gradient fields and non-uniformity in the main magnetic field must be accounted for across the imaging field-of-view to prevent systematic errors during treatment delivery. This work presents a modular phantom and software application to characterize geometric distortion (GD) within the large field-of-view MRI images required for radiation therapy simulation. The modular phantom is assembled from a series of rectangular foam blocks containing high-contrast fiducial markers in a known configuration. The modular phantom design facilitates transportation of the phantom between different MR scanners and MR-guided linear accelerators and allows the phantom to be adapted to fit different sized bores or coils. The phantom was evaluated using a 1.5T MR-guided linear accelerator (MR-Linac) and 1.5T and 3.0T diagnostic scanners. Performance was assessed by varying acquisition parameters to induce image distortions in a known manner. Imaging was performed using T1 and T2 weighted pulse sequences with 2D and 3D distortion correction algorithms and the receiver bandwidth (BW) varied as 250-815 Hz/pixel. Phantom set-up reproducibility was evaluated across independent set-ups. The software was validated by comparison with a non-modular phantom. Average geometric distortion was 0.94+/-0.58 mm for the MR-Linac, 0.90+/-0.53 mm for the 1.5 T scanner, and 1.15+/-0.62 mm for the 3.0T scanner, for a 400 mm diameter volume-of-interest. GD increased, as expected, with decreasing BW, and with the 2D versus 3D correction algorithm. Differences in GD attributed to phantom set-up were 0.13 mm or less. Differences in GD for the two software applications were less than 0.07 mm.
description: 25 pages
Generalized thermodynamics and kinetic equations: Boltzmann, Landau, Kramers and Smoluchowski
Creators: name: Chavanis, Pierre-Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a formal extension of thermodynamics and kinetic theories to a larger class of entropy functionals. Kinetic equations associated to Boltzmann, Fermi, Bose and Tsallis entropies are recovered as a special case. This formalism first provides a unifying description of classical and quantum kinetic theories. On the other hand, a generalized thermodynamical framework is justified to describe complex systems exhibiting anomalous diffusion. Finally, a notion of generalized thermodynamics emerges in the context of the the violent relaxation of collisionless stellar systems and two-dimensional vortices due to the existence of Casimir invariants and incomplete relaxation. A thermodynamical analogy can also be developed to analyze the nonlinear dynamical stability of stationary solutions of the Vlasov and 2D Euler-Poisson systems. On general grounds, we suggest that generalized entropies arise due to the existence of ``hidden constraints'' that modify the form of entropy that we would naively expect. Generalized kinetic equations are therefore ``effective'' equations that are introduced heuristically to describe complex systems.
Ductile and brittle crack-tip response in equimolar refractory high-entropy alloys
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqing
name: Li, Wei
name: Irving, Douglas L.
name: Varga, Lajos K.
name: Vitos, Levente
name: Schönecker, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the strengthening and deformation mechanisms in refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs), proposed as new high-temperature material, is required for improving their typically insufficient room-temperature ductility. Here, density-functional theory simulations and a continuum mechanics analysis were conducted to systematically investigate the competition between cleavage decohesion and dislocation emission from a crack tip in the body-centered cubic refractory HEAs HfNbTiZr, MoNbTaVW, MoNbTaW, MoNbTiV, and NbTiVZr. This crack-tip competition is evaluated for tensile loading and a totality of 15 crack configurations and slip systems. Our results predict that dislocation plasticity at the crack tip is generally unfavorable -- although the competition is close for some crack orientations, suggesting intrinsic brittleness and low crack-tip fracture toughness in these five HEAs at zero temperature. Fluctuations in local alloy composition, investigated for HfNbTiZr, can locally reduce the resistance to dislocation emission for a slip system relative to the configuration average of that slip system, but do not change the dominant crack-tip response. In the case of single-crystal MoNbTaW, where an experimental, room-temperature fracture-toughness value is available for a crack on a \{100\} plane, theoretical and experimental results agree favorably. Factors that may limit the agreement are discussed. We survey the effect of material anisotropy on preferred crack tip orientations, which are found to be alloy specific. Mixed-mode loadings are found to shift the competition in favor of cleavage or dislocation nucleation, depending on crack configuration and amplified by the effect of material anisotropy on crack tip stresses.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Physical activity in paid work time for desk-based employees: a qualitative study of employers’ and employees’ perspectives
Creators: name: Ryde, Gemma C.
name: Atkinson, Patricia
name: Stead, Martine
name: Gorely, Trish
name: Evans, Josie M. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Short questionnaire, Socio-demographic, work environment and physical activity questions.
Gravitational lensing by stars with angular momentum
Creators: name: Sereno, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing by spinning stars, approximated as homogeneous spheres, is discussed in the weak field limit. Dragging of inertial frames, induced by angular momentum of the deflector, breaks spherical symmetry. I examine how the gravito-magnetic field affects image positions, caustics and critical curves. Distortion in microlensing-induced light curves is also considered.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; to appear in MNRAS
Charge reversal of colloidal particles
Creators: name: Pianegonda, S.
name: Barbosa, Marcia C.
name: Levin, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory is presented for the effective charge of colloidal particles in suspensions containing multivalent counterions. It is shown that if colloids are sufficiently strongly charged, the number of condensed multivalent counterion can exceed the bare colloidal charge leading to charge reversal. Charge renormalization in suspensions with multivalent counterions depends on a subtle interplay between the solvation energies of the multivalent counterions in the bulk and near the colloidal surface. We find that the effective charge is {\it not} a monotonically decreasing function of the multivalent salt concentration. Furthermore, contrary to the previous theories, it is found that except at very low concentrations, monovalent salt hinders the charge reversal. This conclusion is in agreement with the recent experiments and simulations.
ОЦЕНКА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ГИДРОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ НА РЕКЕ КАТУНЬ У СЕЛА МАНЖЕРОК (РЕСПУБЛИКА АЛТАЙ)
Creators: name: К.В. Марусин
name: А.И. Балдаков
name: А.Т. Зиновьев
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: р. Катунь
с. Манжерок
русловые процессы
размыв берега

description: После экстремальных осадков, выпавших в Горном Алтае в 2014 г. и спровоцировавших исключительные по водности паводки практически на всех водотоках терри-тории Республики Алтай, в т.ч. и на реке Катунь, резко возросли темпы и масштабы размывов правого берега р. Катунь на участке стока у с. Манжерок. В результате этого берег в настоящее время подступил практически к жилой инфраструктуре населенного пункта. Дальнейшее отступание берега может привести к катастрофи-ческим последствиям (обрушению жилых домов, расположенных вдоль берега р. Катунь) не только для жителей села, но и для инфраструктуры федерального значения (размыву автодороги «Чуйский тракт», повреждению линий воздушных сетей и кабельной связи). В работе рассматривается сложившаяся гидроморфологическая ситуация на данном участке стока р. Катунь и обсуждаются причины и возможные меры противодействия негативному ходу руслового процесса в районе с. Манжерок.
The Grand-Canonical Asymmetric Exclusion Process and the One-Transit Walk
Creators: name: Blythe, R. A.
name: Janke, W.
name: Johnston, D. A.
name: Kenna, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional Asymmetric Exclusion Process (ASEP) is a paradigm for nonequilibrium dynamics, in particular driven diffusive processes. It is usually considered in a canonical ensemble in which the number of sites is fixed. We observe that the grand-canonical partition function for the ASEP is remarkably simple. It allows a simple direct derivation of the asymptotics of the canonical normalization in various phases and of the correspondence with One-Transit Walks recently observed by Brak et.al.
description: Published version
ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ ОДНОГО ИЗ МЕТОДОВ ПРОГНОЗА РАЗМЫВА БЕРЕГОВ РЕК ПО ДАННЫМ НАТУРНЫХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НА ВЕРХНЕЙ ОБИ
Creators: name: А.А. Вагнер
name: А.А. Коломейцев
name: А.В. Дьяченко
name: К.В. Марусин
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: прогноз размыва берегов рек
отступание бровки берега
меандри-рование
натурные наблюдения
Обь
Барнаул

description: Метод прогноза размыва берегов рек, представленный в «Рекомендациях по оценке и прогнозу размыва берегов равнинных рек и водохранилищ для строительства», вери-фицируется по данным десятилетних регулярных наблюдений на участке р. Обь в 50-ти километрах ниже г. Барнаула. Показано, что данный метод существенно занижает значение средней скорости отступания бровки берега. Результат верификации ставит под сомнение заявленный универсальный характер метода. Вопрос о его применимости требует дополнительного изучения.
Induced fermionic current in AdS spacetime in the presence of a cosmic string and a compactified dimension
Creators: name: Bellucci, S.
name: Santos, W. Oliveira dos
name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider a massive charged fermionic quantum field and investigate the current densities induced by a magnetic flux running along the core of an idealized cosmic string in the background geometry of a 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, assuming that an extra dimension is compactified. Along the compact dimension quasi-periodicity condition is imposed on the field with a general phase. Moreover, we admit the presence of a magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis. The latter gives rise to Ahanorov-Bohm-like effect on the vacuum expectation value of the currents. In this setup, only azimuthal and axial current densities take place. The former presents two contributions, with the first one due to the cosmic string in a 5-dimensional AdS spacetime without compact dimension, and the second one being induced by the compactification itself. The latter is an odd function of the magnetic flux along the cosmic string and an even function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis with period equal to the quantum flux. As to the induced axial current, it is an even function of the magnetic flux along the string's core and an odd function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactification perimeter. For untwisted and twisted field along compact dimension, the axial current vanishes. The massless field case is presented as well as some asymptotic limits for the parameters of the model.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, PACS numbers: 03.70.+k 04.62.+v 04.20.Gz 11.27.+d, replaced typo in paragraph after eq. (3.18)
Probing angle of birefringence due to long range axion hair from pulsars
Creators: name: Poddar, Tanmay Kumar
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotating neutron star or pulsar can be a possible source of pseudo Nambu Goldstone bosons or axions which can mediate long range axionic hair outside of the pulsar. When the electromagnetic radiation is emitted from pulsar and passes through the long range axion hair, the axion rotates the polarization of the electromagnetic radiation and produces birefringence. We obtain the angle of birefringence due to this long range axionic hair as $0.42^\circ$. This result is independent of the rotational frequency, radius of the pulsar, mass of the axion, and axion photon coupling constant. This value is within the accuracy of measuring the linear polarization angle of pulsar light which is $\leq 1.0^\circ$. Our result continues to hold as long as the range of the axion hair (inverse of axion mass) is greater than the radius of the pulsar, i.e; $m_a<10^{-11}$eV and the axion decay constant $f_a\lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{17}\rm{GeV})$.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ГИДРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ОЗЕРА БАСКУНЧАК
Creators: name: А.В. Ревунова
name: А.В. Гузева
name: А.Е. Лапенков
name: Е.В. Иванова
name: Ш.Р. Поздняков
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: озеро Баскунчак
водный баланс
испарение
минерализация озер
плотность воды
гидравлическая крупность

description: Озеро Баскунчак имеет уникальный набор гидрологических и гидрохимических характеристик, что требует учета при любых расчетах водного баланса, натурных исследованиях, моделировании и прогнозировании процессов. В работе показана необходимость такого учета при оценке водного баланса озера. Кроме того, выделяющаяся соленость озера позволяет рассматривать его как полигон для исследования процессов и закономерностей в водных объектах в расширенном диапазоне характеристик.
On the effect of fluctuating recombination rates on the decorrelation of gene histories in the human genome
Creators: name: Eriksson, A.
name: Mehlig, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We show how to incorporate fluctuations of the recombination rate along the chromosome into standard gene-genealogical models for the decorrelation of gene histories. This enables us to determine how small-scale fluctuations (Poissonian hot-spot model) and large-scale variations [Kong et al. (2002)] of the recombination rate influence this decorrelation. We find that the empirically determined large-scale variations of the recombination rate give rise to a significantly slower decay of correlations compared to the standard, unstructured gene-genealogical model assuming constant recombination rate. A model with long-range recombination-rate variations and with demographic structure (divergent population) is found to be consistent with the empirically observed slow decorrelation of gene histories. Conversely, we show that small-scale recombination-rate fluctuations do not alter the large-scale decorrelation of gene histories.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Josephson effect in d-wave superconductor junctions in a lattice model
Creators: name: Shirai, S.
name: Tsuchiura, H.
name: Asano, Y.
name: Tanaka, Y.
name: Inoue, J.
name: Tanuma, Y.
name: Kashiwaya, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson current between two d-wave superconductors is calculated by using a lattice model. Here we consider two types of junctions, $i.e.$, the parallel junction and the mirror-type junction. The maximum Josephson current $(J_{c})$ shows a wide variety of temperature ($T$) dependence depending on the misorientation angles and the types of junctions. When the misorientation angles are not zero, the Josephson current shows the low-temperature anomaly because of a zero energy state (ZES) at the interfaces. In the case of mirror-type junctions, $J_c$ has a non monotonic temperature dependence. These results are consistent with the previous results based on the quasiclassical theory. [Y. Tanaka and S. Kashiwaya: Phys. Rev. B \textbf{56} (1997) 892.] On the other hand, we find that the ZES disappears in several junctions because of the Freidel oscillations of the wave function, which is peculiar to the lattice model. In such junctions, the temperature dependence of $J_{c}$ is close to the Ambegaokar-Baratoff relation.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, using jpsj2.cls and oversite.sty
THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE MEAN-VARIANCE DECISION RULE
Creators: name: Chalfant, James A.
name: Collender, Robert N.
name: Subramanian, Shankar
name: Chalfant, James A.
name: Collender, Robert N.
name: Subramanian, Shankar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The sampling properties of the mean-variance decision vector are studied. We sho,v that, when the parameters of yield distributions are uncertain, risk in estimation causes bias in these decisions and large variances. Especially with small samples, decisions based on estimated parameters can be very poor estimates of optimal behavior.
Direct photon cross section with conversions at CDF
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the isolated direct photon cross section in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV and |eta| < 0.9 using data collected between 1994 and 1995 by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The measurement is based on events where the photon converts into an electron-positron pair in the material of the inner detector, resulting in a two-track event signature. To remove pi0 -> gamma gamma and eta -> gamma gamma events we use a new background subtraction technique which takes advantage of the tracking information available in a photon conversion event. We find that the shape of the cross section as a function of pT is poorly described by next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, but agrees with previous CDF measurements.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, revtex4, to be submitted to PRD
ТИПИЧНЫЕ И АНОМАЛЬНЫЕ МОРФОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ РАЗНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ КОНТИНЕНТА И ОКЕАНА В РАМКАХ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПОЯСОВ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА
Creators: name: Г.П. Скрыльник
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: типичные
аномальные
процессы
явления
естественные
антропогенные
геоэкологические риски
Дальний Восток

description: Аномальные природные процессы и явления российского Дальнего Востока по свое-му воздействию на геосистемы выступают как типичные, экстремальные или катастрофические. Предметом исследований стали системоформирующие взаимодействия континента и океана в рамках умеренного, субарктического и арктического природно-климатических поясов. Установлены морфообразующие эффекты экзогенных процессов (наводнений, селей, термокарста и термоабразии, штормовых нагонов и других), связанных в основном с флуктуациями климата и гляциоэвстатическими колебаниями уровня Мирового океана, проявляющихся на фоне разноамплитудных тектонических движений. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при решении экологических проблем природопользования и выборе стратегии экологического равновесия в вопросах природопользования.
К ГИДРОЛОГО-ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ВЫСОКОГОРНЫХ ОЗЕР БАССЕЙНА РЕКИ МУЛЬТА (ГОРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ)
Creators: name: Г.В. Феттер
name: Е.Ю. Зарубина
Publisher: name: Известия Алтайского отделения Русского географического общества
Year: 2020
Subjects: прозрачность и температура воды
концентрация кислорода
рН
минерализация
Мультинские озера
Горный Алтай

description: Гидролого-гидрохимическое обследование горных озер, расположенных в верховьях бассейна р. Мульты (Горный Алтай), проведенное в июле 2020 г., позволило оценить современное состояние исследованных озер. На основе анализа данных предыдущих ис-следователей выявлена динамика произошедших изменений в химическом составе при-родных вод за почти 90-летний период.
Efficient Set Mathematics, the Separation Theorem, and Farm Operating Decisions
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum Greig
name: Kimble, John W.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Turvey, Calum Greig
name: Kimble, John W.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Farm Management
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Efficient set mathematics is used to derive simple formulae for E-V efficient portfolio selection in agriculture. These formulae are used to illustrate the separation theorem when riskless cash rented land is combined with a farm portfolio. A simple example utilizing the formulae and illustrating the separation theorem is presented.
High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Opportunities For Particle Physics
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, based on the talk given at the Cracow Epiphany Conference on Astroparticle Physics, I discuss some of the opportunities provided by high-energy and ultra-high energy neutrino astronomy in probing particle physics beyond the standard model. Following a short summary of current and next generation experiments, I review the prospects for observations of high-energy neutrino interactions, searches for particle dark matter, and measurements of absolute neutrino masses, lifetimes and pseudo-Dirac mass splittings.
description: Based on review talk given at the 2004 Cracow Epiphany Conference on Astroparticle Physics