cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interacting 1D Chiral Fermions with Pairing: Transition from Integrable to Chaotic
Creators: name: Lian, Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generic one-dimensonal quantum model of two flavors (pseudospins) chiral complex fermions by exact diagonalization, which can have local interflavor interaction and superconducting pairings (with all irrelevant terms ignored). Analytically, the model has two solvable (integrable) points in the parameter space: it is a free fermion model when the fermion interaction is zero, and is a free boson Luttinger liquid when there is a global U(1)$^{(\uparrow)}\times$U(1)$^{(\downarrow)}$ symmetry (with nonzero interaction). When the global symmetry of the interacting model is lowered by turning on symmetry breaking parameters, the model undergoes a transition from a quantum integrable model to a fully quantum chaotic model, as we demonstrate by examining the level spacing statistics (LSS) of the many-body energy spectrum. In particular, there is a possibly integrable regime with intermediate global symmetries, where the model is neither free bosons nor free fermions, but shows Poisson LSS in each global symmetry charge sector. This implies the existence of hidden (quasi)local conserved quantities. When the global symmetries are further lowered, the LSS in each charge sector becomes Wigner-Dyson, implying quantum chaos.
description: A Chapter for the Chen-Ning Yang Centenary Festschrift
Monitoring Mangrove Extent in Africa using Digital Earth Africa Data Cube
Creators: name: Digital Earth Africa
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Coastal resilience
Coastal livelihood
Environmental monitoring
Mangrove
Marine Ecosystem
Biodiversity
Biomass

description: What it is about
Digital Earth Africa's (DEA) Monitoring Mangrove Extent application uses data derived from Sentinel-2 in combination with Jupyter Notebooks, to produce a time-series-analysis that identifies a change in mangrove extent over time. The analysis parameters for this notebook have been set using a central pair of coordinates along the coastline of southwestern Guinea-Bissau, Africa. This notebook allows for easy replication of analysis across Africa, through simply changing the analysis parameters. The user guide provides an overview of the analysis, resources used/supplied and directions on how to reproduce the analysis.
This knowledge package includes the necessary data, computational resources and instructions required to reproduce the methodology used in Digital Earth Africa's 'Monitoring Mangrove Extent' Jupyter Notebook. 
The User's Guide provides an overview of the application.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of sustained knowledge translation (KT) interventions in chronic disease management in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of complex interventions
Creators: name: Veroniki, Areti Angeliki
name: Soobiah, Charlene
name: Nincic, Vera
name: Lai, Yonda
name: Rios, Patricia
name: MacDonald, Heather
name: Khan, Paul A.
name: Ghassemi, Marco
name: Yazdi, Fatemeh
name: Brownson, Ross C.
name: Chambers, David A.
name: Dolovich, Lisa R.
name: Edwards, Annemarie
name: Glasziou, Paul P.
name: Graham, Ian D.
name: Hemmelgarn, Brenda R.
name: Holmes, Bev J.
name: Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee
name: Legare, France
name: McGowan, Jessie
name: Presseau, Justin
name: Squires, Janet E.
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Strifler, Lisa
name: Van der Weijden, Trudy
name: Fahim, Christine
name: Tricco, Andrea C.
name: Straus, Sharon E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Systematic Review Methods. Appendix 2. Protocol Deviations Summary Sheet. Appendix 3. Delphi Results. Appendix 4. KT sustainability outcome definitions. Appendix 5. Search Strategy for MEDLINE. Appendix 6. Coding Guide for KT Intervention Components Using EPOC Taxonomy Coding. Appendix 7. Coding Guides for Clinical Intervention Components using BCT coding. Appendix 8. List of Included Studies. Appendix 9. Individual Study Characteristics. Appendix 10. Individual Patient Characteristics. Appendix 11. Sustainability of KT Interventions Summarized Results. Appendix 12. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Risk of Bias Results. Appendix 13. Contour-Enhanced Funnel Plots. Appendix 14. Additional Analysis Results. Appendix 15. Individual Study Results. Appendix 16. Meta-analysis Results of All Interventions vs Usual Care. Appendix 17. Subgroup Analyses of All KT Interventions vs Usual Care. Appendix 18. Sensitivity Analyses of All KT Interventions vs Usual Care. Appendix 19. Meta-regression for Each Outcome/Scale Comparing Any KT Intervention vs Usual Care.
Action Principles and Conservation Laws for Chew-Goldberger-Low Anisotropic Plasmas
Creators: name: Webb, G. M.
name: Anco, S. C.
name: Meleshko, S. V.
name: Zank, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ideal CGL plasma equations, including the double adiabatic conservation laws for the parallel ($p_\parallel$) and perpendicular pressure ($p_\perp$), are investigated using a Lagrangian variational principle. An Euler-Poincaré variational principle is developed and the non-canonical Poisson bracket is obtained, in which the non-canonical variables consist of the mass flux ${\bf M}$, the density $ρ$, three entropy variables, $σ=ρS$, $σ_\parallel=ρS_\parallel$, $σ_\perp=ρS_\perp$ ($S_\parallel$ and $S_\perp$ are the two scalar entropy invariants), and the magnetic induction ${\bf B}$. Conservation laws of the CGL plasma equations are derived via Noether's theorem. The Galilean group leads to conservation of energy, momentum, center of mass, and angular momentum. Cross helicity conservation arises from a fluid relabeling symmetry, and is local or nonlocal depending on whether the entropy gradients of $S_\parallel$, $S_\perp$ and $S$ are perpendicular to ${\bf B}$ or otherwise. The point Lie symmetries of the CGL system are shown to comprise the Galilean transformations and scalings.
description: 59 pages
Numerical stability of solitons waves through splices in optical fibers
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Camila Fogaça
name: Natti, Paulo Laerte
name: Cirilo, Eliandro Rodrigues
name: Romeiro, Neyva Maria Lopes
name: Natti, Érica Regina Takano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The propagation of soliton waves is simulated through splices in optical fibers, in which fluctuations of dielectric parameters occur. The mathematical modeling of these local fluctuations of dielectric properties of fibers was performed by Gaussian functions. By simulating soliton wave propagation in optical fibers with Gaussian fluctuations in their dielectric properties, it was observed that the perturbed soliton numerical solution presented higher sensitivity to fluctuations in the dielectric parameter $β$, a measure of the intensity of nonlinearity in the fiber. In order to verify whether the fluctuations of $β$ parameter in the splices of the optical fiber generate unstable solitons, the propagation of a soliton wave, subject to this perturbation, was simulated for large time intervals. Considering various geometric configurations and intensities of the fluctuations of parameter $β$, it was found that the perturbed soliton wave stabilizes, i.e., the amplitude of the wave oscillations decreases for increasing values of propagation distance. It is concluded that the propagation of perturbed soliton wave presents numerical stability when subjected to local Gaussian fluctuations (perturbations) of the dielectric parameters of the optical fiber.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Template Generation
Creators: name: Anonymous
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This repository contains the material for the study on: **Automatic Generation of Fine-Grained Source Code Templates using Language Models**. ### Setup Pre-requests: python == 3.9.2
 tqdm == 4.64.0
 treelib == 1.6.1
 numpy == 1.21.6
 torch == 1.12.0+cu113
 pytorch_lightning == 1.6.3 ### Get & prepare dataset  Download the preprocessed java dataset from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0164121222002291 To prepare train, dev and test sets run: `python data_splits.py -i data/java -o data/splits/java` ### Model Training  To train the model run: `python trainer.py -i data/splits/java -o saveModels/java -m ActiveTrans or ActiveTransPlus` ### Model Testing To evaluate the model run: `python evaluator.py -d data/splits/java -i saveModels/java -m ActiveTrans or ActiveTransPlus`
Bayhead deltas and shorelines: Insights from modern and ancient examples
Creators: name: Simms, A.R.
name: Rodriguez, A.B.
name: Anderson, J.B.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2018

description: Bayhead deltas are important components of the rock record as well as modern estuaries, hosting important hydrocarbon reservoirs and many coastal cities, ports and large expanses of wetlands. Despite their significance, few studies have summarized their occurrence and sedimentary characteristics. In this paper we review the stratigraphic, sedimentary, and geomorphic characteristics of 68 modern and ancient bayhead deltas. Bayhead deltas are found in incised valleys, structural basins, fjords, interdistributary bays of larger open-ocean deltas, and other backbarrier environments. Except for within fjords, they generally prograde into shallower and more brackish waters than their open-ocean equivalents. As a result, 80% of modern, 68% of Quaternary, and 67% of ancient bayhead deltas have clinoform thicknesses of 10 m or less with 73% of modern bayhead deltas having clinoform thicknesses of 5 m or less. Additionally, 89% of modern, 81% of Quaternary, and 77% of ancient bayhead deltas examined are fluvial dominated. We distinguish true bayhead deltas from their genetically similar bayhead shorelines, which are not constructional features but sites of enhanced marsh or estuarine sedimentation near river mouths with inadequate rates of sediment delivery to form distributary channels and prograde into the estuary or lagoon. We also distinguish confined bayhead deltas found in incised valleys, structural basins, and fjords from unconfined bayhead deltas found as incipient lobes of larger delta complexes and other back-barrier lagoons. The architecture of confined bayhead deltas is largely influenced by the limited accommodation brought about by the walls of the flooded valleys in which they are located. As such, confined bayhead-delta ontogeny is controlled by many autogenic interactions within these valley walls. Both confined and unconfined bayhead deltas are sensitive to sea-level rise, climate-controlled changes in sediment flux, and tectonics. Their relatively small size, connection with the terrestrial system, and protected nature make them the ideal depositional system to record Earth history including sea-level and climate changes.
Avenues to generalising Bell inequalities
Creators: name: Karczewski, Marcin
name: Scala, Giovanni
name: Mandarino, Antonio
name: Sainz, Ana Belén
name: Żukowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the set of all Bell inequalities is a notably hard task. An insightful method of solving it in case of Bell correlation inequalities for scenarios with two dichotomic measurements per site - for arbitrary number of parties - was given in Refs. [Phys. Rev. A 64, 010102(R) (2001)] and [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032112 (2001)]. Using complex-valued correlation functions, we generalize their approach to a broader class of Bell scenarios, in which the parties may choose from more than 2 multi-outcome measurements. Although the resulting families of Bell inequalities are not always tight, their coefficients have an intuitively understandable structure.We probe their usefulness by numerically testing their ability to detect Bell nonclassicality in simple interferometric experiments. Moreover, we identify a similar structure in the CGLMP inequality expressed in a correlation-based form, which allows us to generalise it to three parties.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Comments are welcome. V2: Minor edits, citations added. V3: minor edits
Short-Timescale monitoring of the X-ray, UV and broad double-peak emission line of the nucleus of NGC 1097
Creators: name: Schimoia, Jaderson S.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Grupe, Dirk
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Peterson, Bradley M.
name: Baldwin, Jack A.
name: Nemmen, Rodrigo S.
name: Winge, Cláudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have suggested that the short-timescale ($\lesssim7$ days) variability of the broad ($\sim$10,000 km s$^{-1}$) double-peaked H$α$ profile of the LINER nucleus of NGC1097 could be driven by a variable X-ray emission from a central radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF). To test this scenario, we have monitored the NGC1097 nucleus in X-ray and UV continuum with Swift and the H$α$ flux and profile in the optical spectrum using SOAR and Gemini-South from 2012 August to 2013 February. During the monitoring campaign, the H$α$ flux remained at a very low level --- 3 times lower than the maximum flux observed in previous campaigns and showing only limited ($\sim 20\%$) variability. The X-ray variations were small, only $\sim 13\%$ throughout the campaign, while the UV did not show significant variations. We concluded that the timescale of the H$α$ profile variation is close to the sampling interval of the optical observations, which results in only marginal correlation between the X-ray and H$α$ fluxes. We have caught the AGN in NGC1097 in a very low activity state, in which the ionizing source was very weak and capable of ionizing just the innermost part of the gas in the disk. Nonetheless, the data presented here still support the picture in which the gas that emits the broad double-peaked Balmer lines is illuminated/ionized by a source of high-energy photons which is located interior to the inner radius of the line-emitting part of the disk.
description: The paper contains 14 pages, 7 figures and is accepted for publication at the Astrophysical Journal
D2.1 - PLATOON Reference Architecture
Creators: name: Maggio, Martino
name: Arigliano, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Interoperability
subject: Toolbox
subject: Security
subject: Standards
subject: IDS
subject: IoT
subject: Edge
subject: FIWARE
subject: COSMAG

description: Deliverable 2.1 describes the PLATOON reference architecture including the logical components in terms of functionalities and interfaces, their relationships and the description of the key processes related to data exchange and security. This document is mainly created to support the developers of reference implementation of PLATOON platform and pilots or other external stakeholders that want to be integrated with PLATOON and use its interoperability capabilities.
An Atomistic-based Finite Deformation Continuum Membrane Model for Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Yadav, Upendra
name: Ghosh, Susanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A finite-deformation crystal-elasticity membrane model for Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers is presented. Monolayer TMDs are multi-atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) crystalline membranes having atoms arranged in three parallel surfaces. In the present formulation, the deformed configuration of a TMD-membrane is represented through the deformation map of its middle surface and two stretches normal to the middle surface. Crystal-elasticity based kinematic rules are employed to express the deformed bond lengths and bond angles of TMDs in terms of the continuum strains. The continuum hyper-elastic strain energy of the TMD membrane is formulated from its inter-atomic potential. The relative shifts between two simple lattices of TMDs are also considered in the constitutive relation. A smooth finite element framework using B-splines is developed to numerically implement the present continuum membrane model. The proposed model generalizes the crystal-elasticity-based membrane theory of purely 2D membranes, such as graphene, to the multi-atom-thick TMD crystalline membranes. The significance of relative shifts and two normal stretches are demonstrated through numerical results. The proposed atomistic-based continuum model accurately matches the material moduli, complex post-buckling deformations, and the equilibrium energies predicted by the purely atomistic simulations. It also accurately reproduces the experimental results for large-area TMD samples containing tens of millions of atoms.
description: 46 pages, 14 figures
Mechanism of the Cassie-Wenzel transition via the atomistic and continuum string methods
Creators: name: Giacomello, Alberto
name: Meloni, Simone
name: Mueller, Marcus
name: Casciola, Carlo Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The string method is a general and flexible strategy to compute the most probable transition path for an activated process (rare event). We apply here the atomistic string method in the density field to the Cassie-Wenzel transition, a central problem in the field of superhydrophobicity. We discuss in detail the mechanism of wetting of a submerged hydrophobic cavity of nanometer size and its dependence on the geometry of the cavity. Furthermore, we discuss the algorithmic analogies between the string method and CREaM [Giacomello et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 226102 (2012)], a method inspired by the string that allows for a faster and simpler computation of the mechanism and of the free-energy profiles of the wetting process. This approach is general and can be employed in mesoscale and macroscopic calculations.
Stochastic models of Jaya and semi-steady-state Jaya algorithms
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Uday K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We build stochastic models for analyzing Jaya and semi-steady-state Jaya algorithms. The analysis shows that for semi-steady-state Jaya (a) the maximum expected value of the number of worst-index updates per generation is a paltry 1.7 regardless of the population size; (b) regardless of the population size, the expectation of the number of best-index updates per generation decreases monotonically with generations; (c) exact upper bounds as well as asymptotics of the expected best-update counts can be obtained for specific distributions; the upper bound is 0.5 for normal and logistic distributions, $\ln 2$ for the uniform distribution, and $e^{-γ} \ln 2$ for the exponential distribution, where $γ$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant; the asymptotic is $e^{-γ} \ln 2$ for logistic and exponential distributions and $\ln 2$ for the uniform distribution (the asymptotic cannot be obtained analytically for the normal distribution). The models lead to the derivation of computational complexities of Jaya and semi-steady-state Jaya. The theoretical analysis is supported with empirical results on a benchmark suite. The insights provided by our stochastic models should help design new, improved population-based search/optimization heuristics.
description: 23 pages
title:  Carcere e salute. Voci fioche di persone detenute
Creators: name: Esposito, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: The paper deals, through a sociological approach, with the delicate problem of health of inmates in Italian prisons, representing an act of explicit accusations against the prison system as it is today in Italy. After introducing the themes of social inequalities in health, and having framed the right to health also from a legal point of view, we present the results of a qualitative research conducted in prisons in three Italian regions (Campania, Lazio, Emilia Romagna) on a significant sample of inmates with chronic diseases. The survey refers to persons detained who are living an existential condition that limits not only their freedom, but also is the result of chronic diseases that disrupt relations and future prospects, up to denote them as “prisoners‐none”, a piece of the population for which the prison serves as a mere “social vacuum”, often with no way out and no real prospects.
description: Democrazia e Sicurezza – 2016, n. 3
Tightening the belt: Constraining the mass and evolution in SDC335
Creators: name: Avison, A.
name: Peretto, N.
name: Fuller, G. A.
name: Duarte-Cabral, A.
name: Traficante, A.
name: Pineda, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ALMA observations identified one of the most massive star-forming cores yet observed in the Milky Way; SDC335-MM1, within the infrared dark cloud SDC335.579-0.292. Along with an accompanying core MM2, SDC335 appears to be in the early stages of its star formation process. In this paper we aim to constrain the properties of the stars forming within these two massive millimetre sources. Observations of SDC335 at 6, 8, 23 and 25GHz were made with the ATCA. We report the results of these continuum measurements, which combined with archival data, allow us to build and analyse the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the compact sources in SDC335. Three HCHII regions within SDC335 are identified, two within the MM1 core. For each HCHII region, a free-free emission curve is fit to the data allowing the derivation of the sources' emission measure, ionising photon flux and electron density. Using these physical properties we assign each HCHII region a ZAMS spectral type, finding two protostars with characteristics of spectral type B1.5 and one with a lower limit of B1-B1.5. Ancillary data from infrared to mm wavelength are used to construct free-free component subtracted SEDs for the mm-cores, allowing calculation of the bolometric luminosities and revision of the previous gas mass estimates. The measured luminosities for the two mm-cores are lower than expected from accreting sources displaying characteristics of the ZAMS spectral type assigned to them. The protostars are still actively accreting, suggesting that a mechanism is limiting the accretion luminosity, we present the case for two different mechanisms capable of causing this. Finally, using the ZAMS mass values as lower limit constraints, a final stellar population for SDC335 was synthesised finding SDC335 is likely to be in the process of forming a stellar cluster comparable to the Trapezium Cluster and NGC6334 I(N).
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Open-source codesign of machine learning algorithms on FPGAs for scientific discovery
Creators: name: Duarte, Javier
name: Quinnan, Melissa
name: Vladimir, Loncar
name: Harris, Phil
name: Aarrestad, Thea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Poster describing hls4ml and Anomaly eXtraction Online Level-1 Trigger Lightweight algorithm for the 2023 NSF HDR Ecosystem Conference.
Quantum chaos and the complexity of spread of states
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Caputa, Pawel
name: Magan, Javier
name: Wu, Qingyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a measure of quantum state complexity defined by minimizing the spread of the wave-function over all choices of basis. Our measure is controlled by the "survival amplitude" for a state to remain unchanged, and can be efficiently computed in theories with discrete spectra. For continuous Hamiltonian evolution, it generalizes Krylov operator complexity to quantum states. We apply our methods to the harmonic and inverted oscillators, particles on group manifolds, the Schwarzian theory, the SYK model, and random matrix models. For time-evolved thermofield double states in chaotic systems our measure shows four regimes: a linear "ramp" up to a "peak" that is exponential in the entropy, followed by a "slope" down to a "plateau". These regimes arise in the same physics producing the slope-dip-ramp-plateau structure of the Spectral Form Factor. Specifically, the complexity slope arises from spectral rigidity, distinguishing different random matrix ensembles.
description: 23 pages, double column format. Added references and improved title
Collective motion of oscillatory walkers
Creators: name: Ezaki, Takahiro
name: Nishi, Ryosuke
name: Yanagisawa, Daichi
name: Nishinari, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a system of interacting self-propelled particles whose walking velocity depends on the stage of the locomotion cycle. The model introduces a phase equation in the optimal velocity model for vehicular traffic. We find that the system exhibits novel types of flow: synchronized free flow, phase-anchoring free flow, orderly jam flow, and disordered jam flow. The first two flows are characterized by synchronization of the phase, while the others do not have the global synchronization. Among these, the disordered jam flow is very complex, although the underlying model is simple. This phenomenon implies that the crowd behavior of moving particles can be destabilized by coupling their velocity to the phase of their motion. We also focus on "phase-anchoring" phenomena. They strongly affect particle flow in the system, especially when the density of particles is high.
A spectral boundary integral method for the elastic obstacle scattering problem in three dimensions
Creators: name: Dong, Heping
name: Lai, Jun
name: Li, Peijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the scattering of a plane wave by a rigid obstacle embedded in a homogeneous and isotropic elastic medium in three dimensions. Based on the Helmholtz decomposition, the elastic scattering problem is reduced to a coupled boundary value problem for the Helmholtz and Maxwell equations. A novel system of boundary integral equations is formulated and a spectral boundary integral method is developed for the coupled boundary value problem. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Iterative Rounding for Multi-Objective Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Grandoni, Fabrizio
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
name: Mohit  Singh
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we show that iterative  rounding is a powerful and flexible tool in the design of approximation algorithms for multi-objective optimization problems. We illustrate that by considering the multi-objective versions of three basic optimization problems: spanning tree, matroid basis and matching in bipartite graphs. Here, besides the standard weight function, we are given k length functions with corresponding budgets. The goal is finding a feasible solution of maximum weight and such that, for all i, the ith length of the solution does not exceed the ith budget. For these problems we present polynomial-time approximation schemes that, for any constant ε>  0 and k ≥ 1, compute a solution violating each budget constraint at most by a factor (1 + ε). The weight of the solution is optimal for the first two problems, and (1 − ε)-approximate for the last one.
Is There “Too Much” Inequality in Health Spending Across Income Groups?
Creators: name: Ales, Laurence
name: Roozbeh  Hosseini
name: Jones, Larry E.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we study, from a normative perspective, how society should allocate health resources across individuals. We focus on the relation between health resources and income (taken as a proxy for productivity). In particular we determine the efficient level of the health care social safety net for the indigent. We assume that individuals have different life cycle profiles of productivity. Health care increases survival probability. We adopt the classical approach of welfare economics by considering how a central planner with an egalitarian (ex-ante) perspective would allocate resources. We show that spending should be increasing in productivity, but only during the working years. Post retirement, everyone should get the same health care. Quantitatively, we find that the amount of inequality across the income distribution in the data is larger that what would be justified solely on the basis of production efficiency, but not drastically so. As a rough summary, in U.S. data top to bottom spending ratios are about 1.5 for most of the life cycle. Efficiency implies a decline from about 2 (at age 25) to 1 at retirement. We find larger inefficiencies in the lower part of the income distribution and in post retirement ages.
Partners in academic endeavour: Characterising student engagement across internationally excellent medical schools
Creators: name: Freitas, Flávia
name: Leedham-Green, Kathleen E.
name: Smith, Susan F.
name: Costa, Manuel João
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: There is increasing interest in how student engagement can be enhanced in medical schools: not just engagement with learning but with broader academic practices such as curriculum development, research, organisational leadership, and community involvement. To foster evidence-based practice, it is important to understand how institutions from diverse sociocultural contexts achieve excellence in student engagement. We analysed 11 successful applications for an international award in student engagement and interviewed nine key informants from five medical schools across four continents, characterising how and why student engagement was fostered at these institutions. Document analysis revealed considerable consensus on the core practices of student engagement, as well as innovative and creative practices often in response to local strengths and challenges. The interviews uncovered the importance of an authentic partnership culture between students and faculty which sustained mutually beneficial enhancements across multiple domains. Faculty promoted, welcomed, and acted on student inputs, and students reported greater willingness to participate if they could see the benefits. These combined to create self-perpetuating virtuous cycles of academic endeavour. Successful strategies included having participatory values actively reinforced by senior leadership, engagement activities that are driven by both students and staff, and focusing on strategies with reciprocal benefits for all stakeholders.
Issues in the Tax Treatment Of State and Local Securities
Creators: name: Ott, David J.
name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Income from securities issued by state and local governments is exempt from the federal income tax. For years supporters and critics have debated the merits of the exemption without noticeable progress toward agreement. In an effort to clarify the issues, the Brookings Institution in 1962 called a conference of experts in taxation and capital markets. A summary of the conference and a revision of the background paper on which it was based are presented in a new Brookings study, FEDERAL TAX TREATMENT OF STATE AND LOCAL SECURITIES, by David J. Ott and Allan H. Meltzer. Highlights of the book, which is the second in a special series of Studies of Government Finance, are presented in this Research Report.
Tricritical point in the quantum Hamiltonian mean-field model
Creators: name: Schmid, Harald
name: Dieplinger, Johannes
name: Solfanelli, Andrea
name: Succi, Sauro
name: Ruffo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering long-range interactions in experimental platforms has been achieved with great success in a large variety of quantum systems in recent years. Inspired by this progress, we propose a generalization of the classical Hamiltonian mean-field model to fermionic particles. We study the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the model in the canonical ensemble for ferromagnetic interactions as a function of temperature and hopping. At zero temperature, small charge fluctuations drive the many-body system through a first order quantum phase transition from an ordered to a disordered phase at zero temperature. At higher temperatures, the fluctuation-induced phase transition remains first order initially and switches to second order only at a tricritical point. Our results offer an intriguing example of tricriticality in a quantum system with long-range couplings, which bears direct experimental relevance. The analysis is performed by exact diagonalization and mean-field theory.
Concurrent versus terminal feedback: The effect of feedback delivery on lumbar puncture skills in simulation training
Creators: name: Liu, Anna
name: Duffy, Melissa
name: Tse, Sandy
name: Zucker, Marc
name: McMillan, Hugh
name: Weldon, Patrick
name: Quet, Julie
name: Long, Michelle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is widely used to teach bedside procedural skills. Feedback is crucial to SBME but research on optimal timing to support novice learners’ skill development has produced conflicting results. We randomly assigned 32 novice medical students to receive feedback either during (concurrent) or after (terminal) trialing lumbar puncture (LP). Participants completed pre- and post-acquisition tests, as well as retention and transfer tests, graded on a LP checklist by two blinded expert raters. Cognitive load and anxiety were also assessed, as well as learners’ perceptions of feedback. Participants who received concurrent feedback demonstrated significantly higher LP checklist scores (M = 91.54, SE = 1.90) after controlling for baseline levels, than those who received terminal feedback (M = 85.64, SE = 1.90), collapsed across post, retention, and transfer tests. There was no difference in cognitive load and anxiety between groups. In open-ended responses, participants who received concurrent feedback more often expressed satisfaction with their learning experience compared to those who received terminal feedback. Concurrent may be superior to terminal feedback when teaching novice learners complex procedures and has the potential to improve learning if incorporated into SBME and clinical teaching. Further research is needed to elucidate underlying cognitive processes to explain this finding.
Existence and maximal $L^{p}$-regularity of solutions for the porous medium equation on manifolds with conical singularities
Creators: name: Roidos, Nikolaos
name: Schrohe, Elmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J70, 35K59, 58J40

description: We consider the porous medium equation on manifolds with conical singularities and show existence, uniqueness and maximal $L^{p}$-regularity of a short time solution. In particular, we obtain information on the short time asymptotics of the solution near the conical point. Our method is based on bounded imaginary powers results for cone differential operators on Mellin-Sobolev spaces and $R$-sectoriality perturbation techniques.
description: 27 pages
Conformal Surface Defects in Maxwell Theory are Trivial
Creators: name: Herzog, Christopher P.
name: Shrestha, Abhay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a free Maxwell field in four dimensions in the presence of a codimension two defect. Reflection positive, codimension two defects which preserve conformal symmetry in this context are very limited. We show only generalized free fields can appear in the defect operator product expansion of the bulk Maxwell field; in particular correlation functions of these defect operators can be evaluated via Wick's Theorem.
description: 46 pages, 1 figure
title: Distributed observations of wind direction using microstructures attached to actively heated fiber-optic cables
Creators: name: Lapo, Karl
name: Freundorfer, Anita
name: Pfister, Lena
name: Schneider, Johan
name: Selker, John
name: Thomas, Christoph
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed Temperature Sensing
subject: Turbulence
subject: Heat Transfer
subject: Turbulence Kinetic Energy
subject: Wind Direction
subject: Wind Speed
subject: 500
subject: 550

description: The weak-wind boundary layer is characterized by turbulent and submesoscale motions that break the assumptions necessary for using traditional eddy covariance observations such as horizontal homogeneity and stationarity, motivating the need for an observational system that allows spatially resolving measurements of atmospheric flows near the surface. Fiber-optic distributed sensing (FODS) potentially opens the door to observing a wide range of atmospheric processes on a spatially distributed basis and to date has been used to resolve the turbulent fields of air temperature and wind speed on scales of seconds and decimeters. Here we report on progress developing a FODS technique for observing spatially distributed wind direction. We affixed microstructures shaped as cones to actively heated fiber-optic cables with opposing orientations to impose directionally sensitive convective heat fluxes from the fiber-optic cable to the air, leading to a difference in sensed temperature that depends on the wind direction. We demonstrate the behavior of a range of microstructure parameters including aspect ratio, spacing, and size and develop a simple deterministic model to explain the temperature differences as a function of wind speed. The mechanism behind the directionally sensitive heat loss is explored using computational fluid dynamics simulations and infrared images of the cone-fiber system. While the results presented here are only relevant for observing wind direction along one dimension, it is an important step towards the ultimate goal of a full three-dimensional, distributed flow sensor.
It's Easier to Say Green than Be Green
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B
name: H. Scott  Matthews
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Many a self-professed "green" company fails to put its money where its mouth is. Better government policies would change things by enabling firms to herald their green investments, thus allowing consumers to reward the companies accordingly
Learning about Policy from Federal Reserve History
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: For much of the past fifteen years, my assistants and I have been reading minutes and papers in the National Archives, the Board of Governors and the New York Federal Reserve Bank. I owe a debt of appreciation to the Board’s librarians; to the archivists at the New York bank, to my several assistants, and to many at the Fed who cooperated helpfully to make this project come to completion. The result soon will be published in three volumes of more than 2000 pages. Volume 1 has been in print for five years.
Today, I will discuss some principal findings from volume 2, Federal Reserve history from 1951 to 1986. The starting point is the 1951 Accord with the Treasury that permitted the long-term interest rate to rise above 2.5 percent. The end is the date I chose for the end of the Great Inflation.
Analytic continuation from limited noisy Matsubara data
Creators: name: Ying, Lexing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 30B40, 93B55

description: This note proposes a new algorithm for estimating spectral function from limited noisy Matsubara data. We consider both the molecule and condensed matter cases. In each case, the algorithm constructs an interpolant of the Matsubara data and uses conformal mapping and Prony's method to estimate the spectral function. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
Growing quantum states with topological order
Creators: name: Letscher, Fabian
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a protocol for growing states with topological order in interacting many-body systems using a sequence of flux quanta and particle insertion. We first consider a simple toy model, the superlattice Bose Hubbard model, to explain all required ingredients. Our protocol is then applied to fractional quantum Hall systems in both, continuum and lattice. We investigate in particular how the fidelity, with which a topologically ordered state can be grown, scales with increasing particle number N. For small systems exact diagonalization methods are used. To treat large systems with many particles, we introduce an effective model based on the composite fermion description of the fractional quantum Hall effect. This model also allows to take into account the effects of dispersive bands and edges in the system, which will be discussed in detail.
ENLIGHT RISE - Deliverable 2.4 - Action plan of 3 pilot focus groups #2
Creators: name: ENLIGHT RISE WP2-Create Synergies Through R&I Capacity Building
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: European Universities Alliance

description: The report builds further on deliverable D2.3 by adding the progress during project year 2 on the rollout of the pilot focus groups.
ENLIGHT RISE - Deliverable 8.4 - Report on barriers and opportunities on R&I impact-driven agendas #1
Creators: name: ENLIGHT RISE WP8-Impact Assessment And Frontiers Of The Common R&I Agenda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: European Universities Alliance
Impact
Research
Innovation

description: This deliverable serves a double objective. First, it reports on the different public workshops, encounters, webinars, surveys, mapping exercises, interviews and meetings that served the collection and subsequent analysis of the barriers and opportunities for research impact-driven agendas. Secondly, it presents the results of the analysis of the different collected barriers, challenges, and opportunities to implement impact-driven research agendas. The identified barriers/challenges are grouped in 4 main areas: (1) low and different impact literacy levels; (2) lack of structures, capacities and resources; (3) low commitment levels: lack of strategy, leadership and recognition/appreciation; (4) different regional, national and institutional landscapes. The identified opportunities are grouped into 5 main areas: (1) momentum; (2) connectivity among university teams; (3) co-creation with societal stakeholders; (4) available capacities and resources; (5) ENLIGHT leadership and platform for knowledge exchange and collaboration The deliverable covers barriers and opportunities for both impact-driven research agendas at universities institutional level, and for common impact-driven research agendas among different institutions.
Hitting times of points and intervals for symmetric Lévy processes
Creators: name: Grzywny, Tomasz
name: Ryznar, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G51, 60J50, 60J75

description: For one-dimensional symmetric Lévy processes, which hit every point with positive probability, we give sharp bounds for the tail function of the first hitting time of B which is either a single point or an interval. The estimates are obtained under some weak type scaling assumptions on the characteristic exponent of the process. We apply these results to prove optimal estimates of the transition density of the process killed after hitting B.
description: 39 pages
Learning and Acting Upon Customer Information: An Empirical Application to Service Allocations with Offshore Centers
Creators: name: Sun, Bao-Hong
name: Shibo  Li
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: As service centers become crucial corporate assets for increasing customer relationships and
profits, it is imperative to understand customer reactions to service allocations. Using customer call
history from a DSL service, the authors empirically investigate how customers’ onshore and
offshore experience affects service duration and customer retention. They formulate service channel
allocation decisions as solutions to a dynamic programming problem in which the firm learns about
heterogeneous customer preferences, balances short-term service costs with long-term customer
retention, and optimally matches customers with their preferred centers to maximize long-term
profit. They demonstrate that learning enables a firm to make more customized allocations, and
acting on long-term customer responses prompts the firm to make proactive decisions that prevent
customers from leaving. As a result, the derived allocation decisions (1) reduce service costs, (2)
improve customer retention, and (3) enhance profit. The proposed framework also mirrors the
recent trend of companies seeking solutions that transform customer information into customized
and dynamic marketing decisions to improve long-term profit.
ENLIGHT RISE - Deliverable 5.3 - Recommendations on gaps and opportunities in the market for skills and innovation
Creators: name: ENLIGHT RISE-WP5-Roadmap For An ENLIGHT European Innovation District
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: European Universities Alliance, European, Innovation

description: The report will identify gaps and opportunities in the market for skills and innovation, which match with common, synergistic Research and Innovation skills across the alliance (based on the patent analysis and technology monitoring conducted in WP2).