cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Social processes during recovery: an expansion of Kelly and Hoeppner’s biaxial formulation of recovery
Creators: name: Francis, Meredith W.
name: McCutcheon, Vivia V.
name: Farkas, Kathleen J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Recent conceptualizations frame addiction recovery as a complex process involving changes across behavioral, physical, psychological, and social domains. These broad conceptualizations can be difficult to apply directly to research, making detailed models of individual dimensions necessary to guide empirical work and subsequent clinical interventions. We used Kelly and Hoeppner’s biaxial formulation of recovery as a basis for a detailed examination of social processes in recovery using social network approaches. We delineated how appraisal of situational risks and social network resources result in coping actions, and how repeated iterations of this process change a person’s social recovery capital over time. In addition, we incorporated the experience of interpersonal trauma and structural oppression and demonstrated how the model accommodates the complex issues often encountered during recovery. We present a measurable framework that can guide empirical testing of how social processes and social recovery capital change over time during recovery. The model presented here illuminates key factors in the recovery process that have the potential to support trauma- and social-network-informed interventions. We call for research that empirically tests this model in ways that will result in practical, trauma-informed social network interventions for people in recovery.
Universality classes and critical phenomena in confined liquid systems
Creators: name: Chalyi, A. V.
name: Bulavin, L. A.
name: Chekhun, V. F.
name: Chalyy, K. A.
name: Chernenko, L. M.
name: Vasilev, A. M.
name: Zaitseva, E. V.
name: Khrapijchyk, G. V.
name: Siverin, A. V.
name: Kovalenko, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the similar universal behavior of infinite-size (bulk) systems of different nature requires the same basic conditions: space dimensionality; number components of order parameter; the type (short- or long-range) of the intermolecular interaction; symmetry of the fluctuation part of thermodynamical potential. Basic conditions of similar universal behavior of confined systems needs the same supplementary conditions such as the number of monolayers for a system confinement; low crossover dimensionality, i.e., geometric form of restricted volume; boundary conditions on limiting surfaces; physical properties under consideration. This review paper is aimed at studying all these conditions of similar universal behavior for diffusion processes in confined liquid systems. Special attention was paid to the effects of spatial dispersion and low crossover dimensionality. This allowed us to receive receiving correct nonzero expressions for the diffusion coefficient at the critical point and to take into account the specific geometric form of the confined liquid volume. The problem of 3D \Leftrightarrow 2D dimensional crossover was analyzed. To receive a smooth crossover for critical exponents, the Kawasaki-like approach from the theory of mode coupling in critical dynamics was proposed. This ensured a good agreement between data of computer experiment and theoretical calculations of the size dependence of the critical temperature T_{c}(H) of water in slitlike pores. The width of the quasi-elastic scattering peak of slow neutrons near the structural phase transition in the aquatic suspensions of plasmatic membranes (mesostructures with the typical thickness up to 10 nm) was studied.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Differential influence from family and best friend on adolescent drug use: a prospective cohort study with latent classes
Creators: name: Garcia-Cerde, Rodrigo
name: Rezende, Leandro F. M.
name: Sanchez, Zila M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: We aimed to analyze the association between latent classes of drug use of the ‘closest psychosocial network’ (CPN) (i.e. parents, siblings, and best friend) of adolescents, and adolescents’ lifetime drug use practices (tobacco, alcohol, and binge drinking). A prospective cohort study, nested in a randomized controlled trial, was performed among public school students in six Brazilian cities (N = 3,148; 51.4% girls; Mage=12.6 years), for 21 months. Latent class analyses and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regressions were performed. Regressions were clustered at the school and individual levels and adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and relatives with whom the adolescents lived. The three-class model was the best solution for the three drug use practices, ranging from minimum to high exposure of drug use influence. Those adolescents with high exposure were more likely to use tobacco and practice binge drinking. In the alcohol model, a gradient of association was observed as the exposure increased. CPN’s drug use may predict substance use in adolescents. It was observed that if the mother’s drug use is similar to that of the father, it may predict higher drug use in the other CPN characters. Our results support the idea that preventive actions in adolescence should be comprehensive, i.e. including components targeting the family (e.g. parenting and communication skills) and peers (e.g. refusal skills and perception of use). Mainly, integrating family-based components in the curriculum of school-based prevention programs is recommended.
The Cultural Transmission of Tacit Knowledge
Creators: name: Miton, Helena
name: DeDeo, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A wide variety of cultural practices take the form of "tacit" knowledge, where the rules and principles are neither obvious to an observer nor known explicitly by the practitioners. This poses a problem for cultural evolution: if beginners cannot simply imitate experts, and experts cannot simply say or demonstrate what they are doing, how can tacit knowledge pass from generation to generation? We present a domain-general model of "tacit teaching", that shows how high-fidelity transmission of tacit knowledge is possible. It applies in cases where the underlying features of the practice are subject to interacting and competing constraints, as is expected both in embodied and in social practices. Our model makes predictions for key features of the teaching process. It predicts a tell-tale distribution of teaching outcomes: some students will be nearly perfect performers while others receiving the same instruction will be disastrously bad. This differs from most mainstream cultural evolution models centered on high-fidelity transmission with minimal copying errors, which lead to a much narrower distribution where students are mostly equally mediocre. The model also predicts generic features of the cultural evolution of tacit knowledge. The evolution of tacit knowledge is expected to be bursty, with long periods of stability interspersed with brief periods of dramatic change, and where tacit knowledge, once lost, becomes essentially impossible to recover.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
VU Data Conversations: Open Science, Team Science, Recognition and Reward
Creators: name: Karvovskaya, Lena
name: Hoekstra, Trynke
name: Urai, Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Data Conversations
Open Science
Team Science
Collaboration
The International Brain Laboratory
neuroscience
statistics

description: Presentations given at the third online edition of Data Conversations held at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and organised by the VU University Library on 26 Novemeber 2020. The theme of this edition was "Open Science, Team Science, Recognition and Reward". The recording of Anne Urai's presentation can be viewed on the VU University Library channel. Agenda: Trynke Hoekstra "A team makes the dream or a dream makes the team? A talk about experiences with team science" Anne Urai "The International Brain Laboratory: building a global collaboration for more reproducible neuroscience" Q&A About Data Conversations Data Conversations started at the University of Lancaster in the UK. The Lancaster Data Conversations aim to bring data practitioners together to talk about how researchers create, collect, use and share data. The Data Conversations at the VU Amsterdam share the same aim and are intended to provide a forum for researchers from different subjects and disciplines to exchange practices and ideas around open data, FAIR data, research data management and related open science topics.
Waveguide QED: controllable channel from quantum interference
Creators: name: Li, Qiong
name: Zhou, Lan
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a waveguide QED system with a rectangular waveguide and a two-level system (TLS) inside, where the transverse modes TMmn define the quantum channels of guided photons. It is discovered that the loss of photons in the TM11 channel into the others can be overcome by replacing it with a certain coherent superposition of TMmn channels, which is named as the controllable channel (CC) as the photons in CC can be perfectly reflected or transmitted by the TLS, and never lost into the other channels. The dark state emerges when the photon is incident from one of the scattering-free channels (SFCs) orthogonal to CC. The underlying physics mechanism is the multi-channel interference associated with Fano resonance.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures
Stratified Magnetically-Driven Accretion-Disk Winds and Their Relations to Jets
Creators: name: Fukumura, Keigo
name: Tombesi, Francesco
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
name: Shrader, Chris
name: Behar, Ehud
name: Contopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the poloidal structure of two-dimensional (2D) MHD winds in relation to their potential association with the X-ray warm absorbers (WAs) and the highly-ionized ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) in AGN, in a single unifying approach. We present the density $n(r,θ)$, ionization parameter $ξ(r,θ)$, and velocity structure $v(r,θ)$ of such ionized winds for typical values of their fluid-to-magnetic flux ratio, $F$, and specific angular momentum, $H$, for which wind solutions become super-\Alfvenic. We explore the geometrical shape of winds for different values of these parameters and delineate the values that produce the widest and narrowest opening angles of these winds, quantities necessary in the determination of the statistics of AGN obscuration. We find that winds with smaller $H$ show a poloidal geometry of narrower opening angles with their \Alfven\ surface at lower inclination angles and therefore they produce the highest line of sight (LoS) velocities for observers at higher latitudes with the respect to the disk plane. We further note a physical and spatial correlation between the X-ray WAs and UFOs that form along the same LoS to the observer but at different radii, $r$, and distinct values of $n$, $ξ$ and $v$ consistent with the latest spectroscopic data of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies. We also show that, at least in the case of 3C 111, the winds' pressure is sufficient to contain the relativistic plasma responsible for its radio emission. Stratified MHD disk-winds could therefore serve as a unique means to understand and unify the diverse AGN outflows.
description: version 2 (modified), 27 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ
The Organization of Developmental Education: In or Out of Academic Departments
Creators: name: Perin, Dolores
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This study compares mainstreaming and centralization, two ways in which community colleges organize developmental education. Based on previous literature, the two models are compared in terms of instructional quality, ancillary services, teacher characteristics, student reactions, and reputation of remediation. Pending empirical evidence for the superiority of one model to another, recommendations are offered to college administrators and state policy makers for maximizing the effectiveness of each one.
Deep Learning-Aided 6G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey of Revolutionary PHY Architectures
Creators: name: Ozpoyraz, Burak
name: Dogukan, A. Tugberk
name: Gevez, Yarkin
name: Altun, Ufuk
name: Basar, Ertugrul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning (DL) has proven its unprecedented success in diverse fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition by its strong representation ability and ease of computation. As we move forward to a thoroughly intelligent society with 6G wireless networks, new applications and use-cases have been emerging with stringent requirements for next-generation wireless communications. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the potential of DL approaches in satisfying these rigorous needs and overcoming the deficiencies of existing model-based techniques. The main objective of this article is to unveil the state-of-the-art advancements in the field of DL-based physical layer (PHY) methods to pave the way for fascinating applications of 6G. In particular, we have focused our attention on four promising PHY concepts foreseen to dominate next-generation communications, namely massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, sophisticated multi-carrier (MC) waveform designs, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communications, and PHY security. We examine up-to-date developments in DL-based techniques, provide comparisons with state-of-the-art methods, and introduce a comprehensive guide for future directions. We also present an overview of the underlying concepts of DL, along with the theoretical background of well-known DL techniques. Furthermore, this article provides programming examples for a number of DL techniques and the implementation of a DL-based MIMO by sharing user-friendly code snippets, which might be useful for interested readers.
description: Published in IEEE OJ-COMS
Economic Effects of the U.S. Food Stamp Program: Calendar Year 1972 and Fiscal Year 1974
Creators: name: Nelson, Paul E.
name: Perrin, John
name: Nelson, Paul E.
name: Perrin, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Business receipts
subject: Gross national product
subject: Cash
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: Bonus stamps
subject: Input-output analysis

description: The U.S. Department of Commerce 1967 input-output model was adjusted and used to determine the economic impact of expenditures of bonus stamps by food stamp households for calendar year 1972 and fiscal year 1974. In addition, the impact under the bonus stamp provision was compared with the alternative of giving participants an equal amount of cash. Economic impact was measured in terms of changes in business receipts, gross national product, and jobs. In each example, the amount required to fund bonus stamps or the cash grant was obtained by increasing the Federal personal income taxes of taxpayers and reducing their expenditures by an equivalent amount prior to the transfer of bonus stamps or cash to participants. For this reason, the results obtained represent net impact.
Protecting fiber-optic quantum key distribution sources against light-injection attacks
Creators: name: Ponosova, Anastasiya
name: Ruzhitskaya, Daria
name: Chaiwongkhot, Poompong
name: Egorov, Vladimir
name: Makarov, Vadim
name: Huang, Anqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A well-protected and characterised source in a quantum key distribution system is needed for its security. Unfortunately, the source is vulnerable to light-injection attacks, such as Trojan-horse, laser-seeding, and laser-damage attacks, in which an eavesdropper actively injects bright light to hack the source unit. The hacking laser could be a high-power one that can modify properties of components via the laser-damage attack and also further help the Trojan-horse and other light-injection attacks. Here we propose a countermeasure against the light-injection attacks, consisting of an additional sacrificial component placed at the exit of the source. This component should either withstand high-power incoming light while attenuating it to a safe level that cannot modify the rest of the source, or get destroyed into a permanent high-attenuation state that breaks up the line. We demonstrate experimentally that off-the-shelf fiber-optic isolators and circulators have these desired properties, at least under attack by a continuous-wave high-power laser.
description: Abstract, Fig.5 and discussion section modified. Various minor corrections, including clarification and explanation about the experimental setup stability and its graphical representation; testing procedure; configuration of QKD systems with circulators; heating of isolators; testing results of circulators' port couples. New references added in the bibliography. 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Detecting an induced net subdivision
Creators: name: Chudnovsky, Maria
name: Seymour, Paul
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A {\em net} is a graph consisting of a triangle $C$ and three more vertices, each of degree one and with its neighbour in $C$, and all adjacent to different vertices of $C$. We give a polynomial-time algorithm to test whether an input graph has an induced subgraph which is a subdivision of a net. Unlike many similar questions, this does not seem to be solvable by an application of the "three-in-a-tree" subroutine.
‘Really putting a different slant on my use of a glass of wine’: patient perspectives on integrating alcohol into Structured Medication Reviews in general practice
Creators: name: Madden, Mary
name: Stewart, Duncan
name: Mc Cambridge, Jim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Alcohol is often overlooked in primary care even though it has wide-ranging impacts. The Structured Medication Review (SMR) in England is a new ‘holistic’ service designed to tackle problematic polypharmacy, delivered by clinical pharmacists in a general practice setting. Implementation has been protracted owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores early patient experiences of the SMR and views on the acceptability of integrating clinical attention to alcohol as another drug linked to their conditions and medicines, rather than as a standalone ‘healthy living’ or ‘lifestyle’ question. Semi-structured interviews with a sample of 10 patients who drank alcohol twice or more each week, recruited to the study by five clinical pharmacists during routine SMR delivery. SMRs received were remote, brief, and paid scant attention to alcohol. Interviewees were interested in the possibility of receiving integrated attention to alcohol within a SMR that was similar to the service specification. They saw alcohol inclusion as congruent with the aims of a holistic medicines review linked to their medical history. For some, considering alcohol as a drug impacting on their medications and the conditions for which they were prescribed, introduced a new frame for thinking about their own drinking. Including alcohol in SMRs and changing the framing of alcohol away from a brief check with little meaningful scope for discussion, toward being fully integrated within the consultation, was welcomed as a concept by participants in this study. This was not their current medication review experience.
Fairness and Freight-Handlers: Local Labor-Market Conditions and Wage-Fairness Perceptions in a Trucking Firm
Creators: name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
name: Burks, Stephen V.
name: Carpenter, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor economics

description: This paper draws on evidence from an internal attitude survey in the freight-handling terminals of a unionized trucking firm to investigate the effect of local labor market conditions on employee wage-fairness perceptions. The key element of our research design is that local managers have no discretion to vary wage rates in response to local labor market conditions; local economic shocks thus generate exogenous variation in the attractiveness of the wage paid by the firm relative to employees’ options in the outside labor market. We find robust associations between two indicators of local conditions – the rate of unemployment and the wages of similar workers in the outside market – and the wage-fairness perceptions of employees in the firm, which we argue reflects a causal relationship. As an extension, we relate the changes in local conditions and fairness perceptions to changes in employee performance, as measured by the rate of disciplinary dismissals. We find suggestive evidence that increased local unemployment leads to improved employee performance, and, conditional on a particular assumption about the mechanism through which local conditions affect performance, that increases in wage-fairness perceptions lead employees to supply more effort.
Hardy-Sobolev Equations on Compact Riemannian Manifolds
Creators: name: Jaber, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let (M,g) be a compact Riemannien Manifold of dimension n > 2, x_0 in M a fix and singular point and s in (0,2). We let 2*(s) = 2(n-s)/(n-2) be the critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent. we investigate the existence of positive distributional solutions u in C^0(M) to the critical equation Δ_g u + a(x) u = u^{2*(s)-1}/ d_g(x,x_0)^s in M where Δ_g := - div_g(\nabla) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator, and d_g is the Riemannian distance on (M,g). Via a minimization method in the spirit of Aubin, we prove existence in dimension n > 3 when the potential a is sufficiently below the scalar curvature at x_0. In dimension n = 3, we use a global argument and we prove existence when the mass of the linear operator Δ_g + a is positive at x_0. As a byproduct of our analysis, we compute the best first constant for the related Riemannian Hardy-Sobolev inequality.
Recurrent event analysis for time to dropout of newly-enrolled MMT participants in Guangdong, China: a retrospective study using the Prentice-Williams-Peterson model
Creators: name: Xu, Chaofan
name: Fan, Chaonan
name: Tang, Xijia
name: Wang, Chijie
name: Chen, Zouxiang
name: Ling, Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pharmacology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health
Computational Biology

description: Recurrent dropout often occurs among participants receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), which negatively affects treatment effectiveness. However, few researchers focused on this phenomenon including those in China. This study examined systematically factors associated with dropout based on recurrent events analysis among Chinese MMT participants. This retrospective study involved participants who firstly enrolled in MMT program between 2006 and 2017 of nine clinics in the Guangdong Province. The factors influencing recurrent dropout were identified using Prentice-Williams-Peterson model with total time (PWP-TT), then a comparison with Cox proportional hazards model was conducted. Among a total of 1,319 participants, 1,922 treatment episodes were identified. There were 366 (27.7%) participants remained in MMT at one year follow-up. There was a progressive shortening of the treatment episode duration among participants with multiple treatment episodes. Protective factors included higher average age (≥50 years) before attending MMT, the higher last methadone dosage before each dropout (≥50ml) and higher average dosage (≥60ml) in each episode, while being divorced, arrested in the past 3 months, having contact with drug-using friends more than once per day, and being positive for the first morphine urine test were risk factors. Additionally, higher average dosage (≥60ml) had constant protective effects on subsequential treatment episodes. The risk of dropout increased as participants experienced multiple treatment episodes in MMT. The influencing factors for recurrent dropout were variable across all treatment episodes. Greater efforts are needed to provide sufficient methadone dosage for the participants to decrease dropout rate.
Min-Max Design of FIR Digital Filters by Semidefinite Programming
Creators: name: Nagahara, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we consider two problems: FIR (Finite Impulse Response) approximation of IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filters and inverse FIR filtering of FIR or IIR filters. By means of Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma and its generalization (GKYP), the problems are reduced to semidefinite programming described in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). MATLAB codes for these design methods are given. An design example shows the effectiveness of these methods.
description: MATLAB codes are available at http://www-ics.acs.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/mat/fdf/
Axios/Ipsos Coronavirus Index Wave 26
Creators: name: Axios
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Changes in health in last week (3); activities in last week (6); coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaks in your school district (1); dealing with your child's education (3); changes in work and household over last few weeks (3); personal work or shopping experiences in past few weeks (5); personal health and well-being (5); coronavirus bubble (1); risk of different activities (5); safety procedures when leaving the house (3); concern about coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak (1); trust in organizations/politicians to provide accurate information about coronavirus (7); trust in organizations to have your best interests (7); coronavirus vaccine (17); accuracy of coronavirus death numbers (1); coronavirus testing (7); main news source (1); registered to vote (1); absentee ballot (1).
The Role of Carbon in Extrasolar Planetary Geodynamics and Habitability
Creators: name: Unterborn, Cayman T.
name: Kabbes, Jason E.
name: Pigott, Jeffrey S.
name: Reaman, Daniel R.
name: Panero, Wendy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proportions of oxygen, carbon and major rock-forming elements (e.g. Mg, Fe, Si) determine a planet's dominant mineralogy. Variation in a planet's mineralogy subsequently affects planetary mantle dynamics as well as any deep water or carbon cycle. Through thermodynamic models and high pressure diamond anvil cell experiments, we demonstrate the oxidation potential of C is above that of Fe at all pressures and temperatures indicative of 0.1 - 2 Earth-mass planets. This means that for a planet with (Mg+2Si+Fe+2C)/O > 1, excess C in the mantle will be in the form of diamond. We model the general dynamic state of planets as a function of interior temperature, carbon composition, and size, showing that above a critical threshold of $\sim$3 atom% C, limited to no mantle convection will be present assuming an Earth-like geotherm. We assert then that in the C-(Mg+2Si+Fe)-O system, only a very small compositional range produce habitable planets. Planets outside of this habitable range will be dynamically sluggish or stagnant, thus having limited carbon or water cycles leading to surface conditions inhospitable to life as we know it.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; Formatting fixed for figure 1
TRAP Laws and Their Impact on Women's Health
Creators: name: Ringel, Lillian
Publisher: name: Voices in Bioethics
Year: 2014

description: Eyal Press, in the February 3, 2014 edition of the New Yorker, wrote an expose on Steven Brigham, a physician and graduate of Columbia University Medical School, whose abortion clinics have been implicated in a string of patient injuries – both physical and psychological – and botched abortions. Brigham has been and is now the subject of licensure status inquiries and/or revocation proceedings in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Brigham’s stated motive for opening up shoddy clinics was to provide an option for women (especially for minorities and the indigent) who would otherwise have had little to no resources to exercise their right to terminate. Women are subjected to an inconsistent patchwork of state laws and constant limitation by state legislatures creating TRAP (or, Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers) laws. The diminishing availability of abortion in the United States has not only made safe, legal abortion ever more difficult to access (especially for those with limited or no means), but has left a dangerous, gaping hole where Brigham – well-meaning or not – was able to establish his presence. TRAP laws limit abortions by unnecessarily regulating anything from where (e.g. the kind of building in which) abortions can be performed, to regulating the people who work in the office themselves (e.g. personnel regulations), to charging astronomically high fees to register a clinic within a state. These laws do little to veil their true purpose of making it nearly impossible for an abortion provider to do his or her job. The vacuum that patchwork state laws and TRAP laws create makes room for ill-qualified providers by discouraging other ob/gyns from incorporating abortion into their practices. Whatever Brigham’s motives, his clinics have harmed both women and families, and fuel anti-choice support for TRAP laws. Back alley clinics add fuel to the fire for those who argue that government should enter women’s bodies. For further reading: Eyal Press, A Botched Operation, The New Yorker (February 3, 2014), available at http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2014/02/03/140203fa_fact_press
description: Voices in Bioethics, Archives (2014-2015)
The effects of rotation on the s-process nucleosynthesys in Asymptotic Giant Branch stars
Creators: name: Piersanti, L.
name: Cristallo, S.
name: Straniero, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the effects induced by rotation on low mass Asymptotic Giant Branch stars. We compute two sets of models, M=2.0 Msun at [Fe/H]=0 and M=1.5 Msun at [Fe/H]=-1.7, respectively, by adopting Main Sequence rotation velocities in the range 0 - 120 km/s. At high metallicity, we find that the Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability, active at the interface between the convective envelope and the rapid rotating core, contaminates the 13C-pocket (the major neutron source) with 14N (the major neutron poison), thus reducing the neutron flux available for the synthesis of heavy elements. As a consequence, the yields of heavy-s elements (Ba, La, Nd, Sm) and, to a less extent, those of light-s elements (Sr, Y, Zr) decrease with increasing rotation velocities up to 60 km/s. However, for larger initial rotation velocities, the production of light-s and, to a less extent, that of heavy-s begins again to increase, due to mixing induced by meridional circulations. At low metallicity, the effects of meridional circulations are important even at rather low rotation velocity. The combined effect of Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability and meridional circulations determines an increase of light-s and, to a less extent, heavy-s elements, while lead is strongly reduced. For both metallicities, the rotation-induced instabilities active during the interpulse phase reduce the neutrons-to-seeds ratio, so that the spectroscopic indexes [hs/ls] and [Pb/hs] decrease by increasing the initial rotation velocity. Our analysis suggests that rotation could explain the spread in the s-process indexes, as observed in s-process enriched stars at different metallicities.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures, accepted for the publication on ApJ
What Can We Learn About Postsecondary Vocational Education From Existing Data?
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Kienzl, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This paper outlines an agenda for research on postsecondary vocational education that can be carried out with existing data. We are particularly interested in encouraging research that can provide insight into the effects of the Carl D.Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998. This act prescribes a set of performance indicators designed to promote continuous program improvement, yet some performance measures may not fully measure the educational and skills training missions of community colleges. This issue becomes especially important in light of the emerging trend of nontraditional pathways taken by students through higher education. Although fewer and fewer students proceed through higher education uninterrupted at a single institution, this ideal continues to dominate postsecondary education assessment. Helping to resolve the problems of assessment and institutional accountability within the rapidly changing landscape of postsecondary vocational education is one of the most important roles that projects using existing data could play for the National Assessment of Vocational Education. We propose a set of six projects that can help define "success" in postsecondary vocational education. We also suggest some analyses to evaluate the performance of individuals, groups of institutions, and community colleges against those standards.
Linear balanceable and subcubic balanceable graphs
Creators: name: Aboulker, Pierre
name: Radovanović, Marko
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
name: Trunck, Théophile
name: Vušković, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: In [{Structural properties and decomposition of linear balanced matrices}, {\it Mathematical Programming}, 55:129--168, 1992], Conforti and Rao conjectured that every balanced bipartite graph contains an edge that is not the unique chord of a cycle. We prove this conjecture for balanced bipartite graphs that do not contain a cycle of length 4 (also known as linear balanced bipartite graphs), and for balanced bipartite graphs whose maximum degree is at most 3. We in fact obtain results for more general classes, namely linear balanceable and subcubic balanceable graphs. Additionally, we prove that cubic balanced graphs contain a pair of twins, a result that was conjectured by Morris, Spiga and Webb in [Balanced Cayley graphs and balanced planar graphs, {\it Discrete Mathematics}, 310:3228--3235, 2010].
Graph Coloring with Physics-Inspired Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Schuetz, Martin J. A.
name: Brubaker, J. Kyle
name: Zhu, Zhihuai
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show how graph neural networks can be used to solve the canonical graph coloring problem. We frame graph coloring as a multi-class node classification problem and utilize an unsupervised training strategy based on the statistical physics Potts model. Generalizations to other multi-class problems such as community detection, data clustering, and the minimum clique cover problem are straightforward. We provide numerical benchmark results and illustrate our approach with an end-to-end application for a real-world scheduling use case within a comprehensive encode-process-decode framework. Our optimization approach performs on par or outperforms existing solvers, with the ability to scale to problems with millions of variables.
description: Manuscript: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Supplemental Material: 1 page, 2 tables
Co-Design quantum simulation of nanoscale NMR
Creators: name: Algaba, Manuel G.
name: Ponce-Martinez, Mario
name: Munuera-Javaloy, Carlos
name: Pina-Canelles, Vicente
name: Thapa, Manish
name: Taketani, Bruno G.
name: Leib, Martin
name: de Vega, Inés
name: Casanova, Jorge
name: Heimonen, Hermanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers have the potential to efficiently simulate the dynamics of nanoscale NMR systems. In this work we demonstrate that a noisy intermediate-scale quantum computer can be used to simulate and predict nanoscale NMR resonances. In order to minimize the required gate fidelities, we propose a superconducting application-specific Co-Design quantum processor that reduces the number of SWAP gates by over 90 % for chips with more than 20 qubits. The processor consists of transmon qubits capacitively coupled via tunable couplers to a central co-planar waveguide resonator with a quantum circuit refrigerator (QCR) for fast resonator reset. The QCR implements the non-unitary quantum operations required to simulate nuclear hyperpolarization scenarios.
Anniversaria In Memoriam Reipublicae Sacrae Et Litterariae Cum Universae, Tum Danicae Nostrae Instauratae Celebranda Indicit Regiae Universitatis Hauniensis Rector Cum Senatu Academico; 1828
Creators: name: Schouw, Joakim Frederik
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2006

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Hauniae 1828. Typis Excudit Janus Hostrup Schultz, Aulae Et Universitatis Typographus
Class-Size Caps, Sorting, and the Regression-Discontinuity Design
Creators: name: Urquiola, Miguel S.
name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Education

description: This paper examines how schools’ choices of class size and households’ choices of schools affect regression-discontinuity-based estimates of the effect of class size on student outcomes. We build a model in which schools are subject to a class-size cap and an integer constraint on the number of classrooms, and higher-income households sort into higher-quality schools. The key prediction, borne out in data from Chile’s liberalized education market, is that schools at the class-size cap adjust prices (or enrollments) to avoid adding an additional classroom, which generates discontinuities in the relationship between enrollment and household characteristics, violating the assumptions underlying regression-discontinuity research designs.
Coherent quantum annealing in a programmable 2000-qubit Ising chain
Creators: name: King, Andrew D.
name: Suzuki, Sei
name: Raymond, Jack
name: Zucca, Alex
name: Lanting, Trevor
name: Altomare, Fabio
name: Berkley, Andrew J.
name: Ejtemaee, Sara
name: Hoskinson, Emile
name: Huang, Shuiyuan
name: Ladizinsky, Eric
name: MacDonald, Allison
name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Oh, Travis
name: Poulin-Lamarre, Gabriel
name: Reis, Mauricio
name: Rich, Chris
name: Sato, Yuki
name: Whittaker, Jed D.
name: Yao, Jason
name: Harris, Richard
name: Lidar, Daniel A.
name: Nishimori, Hidetoshi
name: Amin, Mohammad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulation has emerged as a valuable arena for demonstrating and understanding the capabilities of near-term quantum computers. Quantum annealing has been used successfully in simulating a range of open quantum systems, both at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. However, in all previous experiments, annealing has been too slow to simulate a closed quantum system coherently, due to the onset of thermal effects from the environment. Here we demonstrate coherent evolution through a quantum phase transition in the paradigmatic setting of the 1D transverse-field Ising chain, using up to 2000 superconducting flux qubits in a programmable quantum annealer. In large systems we observe the quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism with theoretically predicted kink statistics, as well as characteristic positive kink-kink correlations, independent of system temperature. In small chains, excitation statistics validate the picture of a Landau-Zener transition at a minimum gap. In both cases, results are in quantitative agreement with analytical solutions to the closed-system quantum model. For slower anneals we observe anti-Kibble-Zurek scaling in a crossover to the open quantum regime. These experiments demonstrate that large-scale quantum annealers can be operated coherently, paving the way to exploiting coherent dynamics in quantum optimization, machine learning, and simulation tasks.
Uses of Killing and Killing-Yano Tensors
Creators: name: Lindström, Ulf
name: Sarıoğlu, Özgür
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we have collected some facts about Killing and Killing-Yano tensors that we feel are of general interest for researchers working on problems that rely on differential geometry. We also include some of our recent studies pertaining to currents, charges and (super)invariants for particles and tensionless strings.
description: Contribution to Corfu Summer Institute 2021 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity" 29 August - 9 October 2021 Corfu, Greece. 13 pages, References updated
Evaluation of Pesticide Supplies and Demand for 1976
Creators: name: Andrilenas, Paul A.
name: Eichers, Theodore R.
name: Andrilenas, Paul A.
name: Eichers, Theodore R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Pesticide production
subject: pesticide supply
subject: pesticide demand
subject: pesticide outlook

description: Pesticide supplies for 1976 are ample for nearly all products. Pesticide production is up 10 to 15 percent over last year, and supplies have increased even more because of substantial gains in beginning-year inventories. Prices to dealers are up slightly, but prices to growers are steady to a little below last season. With increased capacity and with few production problems anticipated, supplies next year also should be generous. Supply estimates are based on surveys of pesticide producers and distributors. Demand estimates are based on farmers' 1976 planting intentions and data on pesticide use patterns.
Optimal finite-time heat engines under constrained control
Creators: name: Ye, Zhuolin
name: Cerisola, Federico
name: Abiuso, Paolo
name: Anders, Janet
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
name: Holubec, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We optimize finite-time stochastic heat engines with a periodically scaled Hamiltonian under experimentally motivated constraints on the bath temperature $T$ and the scaling parameter $λ$. We present a general geometric proof that maximum-efficiency protocols for $T$ and $λ$ are piecewise constant, alternating between the maximum and minimum allowed values. When $λ$ is restricted to a small range and the system is close to equilibrium at the ends of the isotherms, a similar argument shows that this protocol also maximizes output power. These results are valid for arbitrary dynamics. We illustrate them for an overdamped Brownian heat engine, which can experimentally be realized using optical tweezers with stiffness $λ$.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Tunneling spectroscopy of topological superconductors
Creators: name: Kashiwaya, Satoshi
name: Kashiwaya, Hiromi.
name: Saitoh, Kohta.
name: Mawatari, Yasunori.
name: Tanaka, Yukio.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling conductance spectra of normal metal/insulator/superconductor (N/I/S) junctions are calculated to determine the potential of tunneling spectroscopy in investigations of topological superconductivity. Peculiar feature of topological superconductors is the formation of gapless edge states in them. Since the conductance of N/I/S junctions is sensitive to the formation of these edge states, topological superconductivity can be identified through edge-state detection. Herein, the effects of Fermi surface anisotropy and an applied magnetic field on the conductance spectra are analyzed to gather indications that can help to identify the topological nature of actual materials.
description: 17pages, 1 table, 6 figures, submitted to Physica E
Coset topologies on $\mathbb{Z}$ and arithmetic applications
Creators: name: Longhi, Ignazio
name: Mu, Yunzhu
name: Saettone, Francesco Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a construction which covers as special cases many of the topologies on integers one can find in the literature. Moreover, our analysis of the Golomb and Kirch topologies inserts them in a family of connected, Hausdorff topologies on $\mathbb{Z}$, obtained from closed sets of the profinite completion $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}$. We also discuss various applications to number theory.
description: Final version; to appear in Expositiones Mathematicae
Thermodynamics and optimal protocols of multidimensional quadratic Brownian systems
Creators: name: Abiuso, Paolo
name: Holubec, Viktor
name: Anders, Janet
name: Ye, Zhuolin
name: Cerisola, Federico
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize finite-time thermodynamic processes of multidimensional quadratic overdamped systems. Analytic expressions are provided for heat, work, and dissipation for any evolution of the system covariance matrix. The Bures-Wasserstein metric between covariance matrices naturally emerges as the local quantifier of dissipation. General principles of how to apply these geometric tools to identify optimal protocols are discussed. Focusing on the relevant slow-driving limit, we show how these results can be used to analyze cases in which the experimental control over the system is partial.
description: Comments are welcome!