cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Canadian meningococcal serogroup B isolates and estimated coverage of an investigational meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB)
Creators: name: Bettinger, Julie A.
name: Scheifele, David W.
name: Halperin, Scott A.
name: Vaudry, Wendy
name: Findlow, Jamie
name: Borrow, Ray
name: Medini, Duccio
name: Tsang, Raymond
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Background: In collaboration with the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT), the National Microbiology Laboratory,the UK Health Protection Agency and Novartis Vaccines, we tested the potential of an investigational 4-component meningococcal B vaccine (4CMenB) to cover Canadian strains circulating from 2006 to 2009. Methods: IMPACT meningococcal surveillance is population based and includes over 50% of Canadian adults and children. All isolates were characterized by Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) and sequencing for factor H-binding protein (fHbp), Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) and Neisserial adhesin A(NadA). Results: In total, 157 isolates were tested. Overall, 4CMenB MATS predicted strain coverage was 66% (95% CI: 46–78%), with 26%, 29% and 11% of strains covered by one,two and three vaccine antigens, respectively. The coverage of each antigen was as follows: 13% PorA, 1% NadA, 52% fHbp and 51% NHBA.The majority of strains for clonal complex (cc) 1/44 and cc 60 were covered by NHBA; the majority of strains for cc269 and cc32 were covered by fHbp and NHBA. Coverage for two prevalent strains (sequence type (ST)-269 and ST-154)was 95% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: 4CMenB has the potential to protect against a significant proportion of Canadian invasive MenB strains.
Deep Evolutional Instant Interest Network for CTR Prediction in Trigger-Induced Recommendation
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhibo
name: Yang, Luwei
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Jiang, Wen
name: Ning, Wei
name: Yang, Yujiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recommendation has been playing a key role in many industries, e.g., e-commerce, streaming media, social media, etc. Recently, a new recommendation scenario, called Trigger-Induced Recommendation (TIR), where users are able to explicitly express their instant interests via trigger items, is emerging as an essential role in many e-commerce platforms, e.g., Alibaba.com and Amazon. Without explicitly modeling the user's instant interest, traditional recommendation methods usually obtain sub-optimal results in TIR. Even though there are a few methods considering the trigger and target items simultaneously to solve this problem, they still haven't taken into account temporal information of user behaviors, the dynamic change of user instant interest when the user scrolls down and the interactions between the trigger and target items. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel method -- Deep Evolutional Instant Interest Network (DEI2N), for click-through rate prediction in TIR scenarios. Specifically, we design a User Instant Interest Modeling Layer to predict the dynamic change of the intensity of instant interest when the user scrolls down. Temporal information is utilized in user behavior modeling. Moreover, an Interaction Layer is introduced to learn better interactions between the trigger and target items. We evaluate our method on several offline and real-world industrial datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed DEI2N outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. In addition, online A/B testing demonstrates the superiority over the existing baseline in real-world production environments.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted by the 17th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining(WSDM'2024)
Computational screening of photoelectrochemical electrodes
Creators: name: Harnett-Caulfield, Liam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: As the emphasis on carbon-free energy sources grows, so does the pressure to produce higher efficiency renewable and non-polluting energy harvesting methods. In recent years, photoelectrochemical water splitting has become an attractive method for generating hydrogen directly from water using solar energy. This is because, in principle, no such carbon is involved in the combustion process, with the only product being water. However, device development has been slowed by issues concerning the properties of the electrode semiconducting materials. Such electrode materials must simultaneously satisfy a crucial set of criteria to be considered economical. To date, no system has satisfied all of these criteria simultaneously. Such a multivariate problem is ideally suited for study via a computational materials screening and/or inverse materials design procedure. Here, three examples of low-cost computational screening procedures that consider these criteria are investigated. Firstly, a low-cost means to screen the bulk component of the ionisation potential, based on past work by Frensley and Kroemer, was assessed in light of modern computational tools. Secondly, the formation of self-trapped small polarons was considered within a high throughput framework. Thirdly, special quasi-random structure models were used to rapidly predict the homogeneity and catalytic activity of a range of rutile oxide alloys. Additionally, each of these three examples was reviewed and summarised in terms of five suggested criteria for an ideal computational materials screening procedure. It is hoped that the results and discussion of this work will provide the reader with an understanding of the advantages and limitations of these computational materials screening tools. These tools may be used in a modular fashion, with or without machine learning protocols, to accelerate the prediction of suitable candidate electrode materials for photoelectrochemical cell development.
Shadow of Kerr black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity and constraints from M87*
Creators: name: Sun, Qi
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Xie, Chen-Hao
name: Li, Qi-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the first image of a black hole captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), there has been a surge of research using observations of black hole shadows to test theories of gravity. In this paper, we carry out a study related to the shadow of Kerr black holes surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity, which deviates from the Kerr black hole due to the presence of the string parameter $a_0$ and the parameter $β$. The horizons, ergospheres, and photon region of the black hole are shown. Moreover, we explore the shadow and observations of the black hole, which are closely linked to the parameters $a_0$ and $β$. By treating \text{M87*} as a Kerr black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings under Rastall gravity, we constrain the black hole parameters using the EHT observations. For a given $β$, the circularity deviation of the black hole obeys $ΔC\lesssim0.1$ in all regions. The angular diameter $θ_{d}=42\pm3μas$ provides the upper bound of parameters $a$ and $a_0$ for fixed $β$. The shadow axis ratio satisfies the observation data of EHT ($1
description: 27 pages, 14 figures
Leaching behavior of gamma-emitting fission products, calcium, and uranium from simulated MCCI debris in water
Creators: name: Sasaki, Takayuki
name: Sakamoto, Shunichi
name: Akiyama, Daisuke
name: Kirishima, Akira
name: Kobayashi, Taishi
name: Sato, Nobuaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Gamma-ray radionuclides (Cs-137, Ba-140, I-131, Ru-103, and Zr-95) were produced by neutron irradiation of simulated molten core–concrete interaction (MCCI) debris, which was synthesized by the heat treatment of a mixture of UO2 with concrete components at a relatively low temperature of 1473 K under reducing and oxidizing conditions. The major uranium solid phases were unreacted UO2 and calcium uranate. The leaching ratio of the radionuclides in the powdered sample of the simulated MCCI debris was investigated under atmospheric conditions at 298 K in 0.1 mol/dm3 NaClO4 after filtration of the leachate through a 0.45-µm pore membrane. The uranium molar concentration in the filtrate was affected by the oxidation state in the solids. In the present study, however, the effect of various solid phase conditions on the leaching ratio normalized to that of uranium matrix could not be clarified. It was found that the leaching ratio of various fission products (RM) was proportional to that of Cs (RCs), and this trend did not depend on the oxidation state of uranium, the type of uranium complex (including a colloidal species), or the presence of Ca, Si, cement, or Zr.
Higher Derivative Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions
Creators: name: Ozkan, Mehmet
name: Pang, Yi
name: Sezgin, Ergin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey on-shell and off-shell higher derivative supergravities in dimensions $1\le D\le 11$. Various approaches to their construction, including the Noether procedure, (harmonic) superspace, superform method, superconformal tensor calculus, $S$-matrix and dimensional reduction, are summarized. Primarily the bosonic parts of the invariants and the supertransformations of the fermionic fields are provided. The process of going on-shell, solutions to the Killing spinor equations, typical supersymmetric solutions, and the role of duality symmetries in the context of $R^4, D^4 R^4$ and $D^6 R^4$ invariants are reviewed.
description: 156 pages, discussions and references added, typos fixed. Version to appear in Physics Reports
title: Avant-propos_La Phototypie pour tous
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: ID_PARA_00313
description: Avant-propos
Analysis of VIP-BWR reactor core physics experiments on UO2 and MOX mockup fuel assemblies - part 2: analysis with SIMULATE5
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Toru
name: Iwahashi, Daiki
name: Sakai, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Analysis of the three test cores in the VIP-BWR program was performed in a two-dimensional geometrical model with CASMO5 coupled with the JENDL-4.0-based neutron data library, and reported in the previous paper. Following the study, interpretation of the experiments were carried out in a three-dimensional geometrical model with SIMULATE5 for the code validation study. The nuclear libraries for the SIMULATE5 calculations were generated with CASMO5 with the JENDL-4.0-based neutron data library. The effective multiplication factors of the critical cores ranged from 0.9983 to 1.0023 with measurement uncertainties of 0.0003 to 0.0004 (one σ). The root mean squares of (the calculated/the measured-1) for the fission rates at the core-mid plain of all the measured fuel rods were about 3% for the three cores. It was noticed that the calculations underestimated the fission rates of the UO2 fuel rods and overestimated those of the MOX fuel rods for the test cores loaded with MOX fuel rods, which was consistent with trends in the preceding analysis studies of the VIP-BWR program and other MOX core experiments, and the biases were confirmed in the calculation results of power distributions in MOX-fueled light water reactor cores.
Analysis of VIP-BWR reactor core physics experiments on UO2 and MOX mockup fuel assemblies with CASMO5
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Toru
name: Iwahashi, Daiki
name: Sakai, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The VIP-BWR program comprises reactor core physics experiments on three core configurations each consisting of BWR mockup, reference, and driver fuel assemblies. The mockup fuel assemblies are an all-UO2, an island-type MOX and a full-MOX-type 8 × 8 fuel assembly each including Gd2O3-UO2 fuel rods. The measurement results include the critical water levels and fission rates for large numbers of fuel rods. Analysis of the experiments was performed in a two dimensional geometrical model with the lattice physics code CASMO5 coupled with the JENDL-4.0-based nuclear library. The axial leakage of neutrons from the core was taken into account adopting the measured axial buckling. The effective multiplication factors of the critical cores ranged from 0.9940 to 0.9976, with the measurement uncertainties of 0.0003 to 0.0004 (1 σ). The calculated results of core radial fission rate distributions were compared with the measurements. For the cores loaded with the MOX fuel assemblies, the calculations overestimated the fission rates of MOX fuel rods by 4 to 5% relatively to those of UO2 and Gd2O3-UO2 fuel rods. It agreed with the trends in the other preceding analysis studies, and biases were confirmed in the calculation results of power distributions in MOX-fueled light water reactor cores.
Machine Learning of Knot Topology in Non-Hermitian Band Braids
Creators: name: Chen, Jiangzhi
name: Wang, Zi
name: Tan, Yu-Tao
name: Wang, Ce
name: Ren, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deep connection among braids, knots and topological physics has provided valuable insights into studying topological states in various physical systems. However, identifying distinct braid groups and knot topology embedded in non-Hermitian systems is challenging and requires significant efforts. Here, we demonstrate that an unsupervised learning with the representation basis of $su(n)$ Lie algebra on $n$-fold extended non-Hermitian bands can fully classify braid group and knot topology therein, without requiring any prior mathematical knowledge or any pre-defined topological invariants. We demonstrate that the approach successfully identifies different topological elements, such as unlink, unknot, Hopf link, Solomon ring, trefoil, and so on, by employing generalized Gell-Mann matrices in non-Hermitian models with $n$=2 and $n$=3 energy bands. Moreover, since eigenstate information of non-Hermitian bands is incorporated in addition to eigenvalues, the approach distinguishes the different parity-time symmetry and breaking phases, recognizes the opposite chirality of braids and knots, and identifies out distinct topological phases that were overlooked before. Our study shows significant potential of machine learning in classification of knots, braid groups, and non-Hermitian topological phases.
Transport consistent diffusion coefficient for CMFD acceleration and comparison of convergence properties
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Akio
name: Endo, Tomohiro
name: Giho, Akinori
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A diffusion coefficient for the coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) acceleration is derived from the semi-analytic solution of one-group, one-dimensional, even-parity transport equation. The derived diffusion coefficient, i.e., the transport consistent diffusion coefficient (TCD), depends on the optical length of a mesh and shows similar behavior with the artificial grid diffusion (AGD) and the effective diffusion (EffD) coefficients for an optically thick mesh. Convergence properties of typical diffusion coefficients are evaluated using the linearized Fourier analysis. Analyses of the C5G7 3D benchmark problems with and without voided region are carried out to compare the convergence properties. The number of transport sweeps to reach convergence using TCD is smaller than that using EffD or AGD.
Radiation imaging using a compact Compton camera mounted on a crawler robot inside reactor buildings of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
Creators: name: Sato, Yuki
name: Terasaka, Yuta
name: Utsugi, Wataru
name: Kikuchi, Hiroyuki
name: Kiyooka, Hideo
name: Torii, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., went into meltdown in the aftermath of a large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011. Measurement of radiation distribution inside the FDNPS buildings is indispensable to execute decommissioning tasks in the reactor buildings. We conducted a radiation imaging experiment inside the reactor building of Unit 1 of FDNPS by using a compact Compton camera mounted on a crawler robot and remotely visualized gamma-rays streaming from deep inside the reactor building. Moreover, we drew a radiation image obtained using the Compton camera onto the three-dimensional (3-D) structural model of the experimental environment created using photogrammetry. In addition, the 3-D model of the real working environment, including the radiation image, was imported into the virtual space of the virtual reality system. These visualization techniques help workers recognize radioactive contamination easily and decrease their own exposure to radiation because the contamination cannot be observed with the naked eye.
Strong zero modes in integrable quantum circuits
Creators: name: Vernier, Eric
name: Yeh, Hsiu-Chung
name: Piroli, Lorenzo
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a classic result that certain interacting integrable spin chains host robust edge modes known as strong zero modes (SZMs). In this work, we extend this result to the Floquet setting of local quantum circuits, focusing on a prototypical model providing an integrable Trotterization for the evolution of the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. By exploiting the algebraic structures of integrability, we show that an exact SZM operator can be constructed for these integrable quantum circuits in certain regions of parameter space. Our construction, which recovers a well-known result by Paul Fendley in the continuous-time limit, relies on a set of commuting transfer matrices known from integrability, and allows us to easily prove important properties of the SZM, including normalizabilty. Our approach is different from previous methods and could be of independent interest even in the Hamiltonian setting. Our predictions, which are corroborated by numerical simulations of infinite-temperature autocorrelation functions, are potentially interesting for implementations of the XXZ quantum circuit on available quantum platforms.
description: 7 pages + 11 pages of Supplementary Material
Deriving and validating a risk estimation tool for screening asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhea
Creators: name: Falasinnu, Titilola
name: Gilbert, M.
name: Gustafson, Paul, 1968-
name: Shoveller, Jean
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Background: There has been considerable interest in the development of innovative service delivery modules for prioritizing resources in sexual health delivery in response to dwindling fiscal resources and rising infection rates. Methods: This study aims to derive and validate a risk scoring algorithm to accurately identify asymptomatic patients at increased risk for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea infection. We examined the electronic records of patient visits at sexual health clinics in Vancouver, Canada. We derived risk scores from regression coefficients of multivariable logistic regression model using visits between 2000 and 2006. We evaluated the model’s discrimination, calibration, and screening performance. Temporal validation was assessed in visits from 2007 to 2012. Results: The prevalence of infection was 1.8% (n = 10,437) and 2.1% (n = 14,956) in the derivation and validation data sets, respectively. The final model included younger age, nonwhite ethnicity, multiple sexual partners, and previous infection and showed reasonable performance in the derivation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74; Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.91) and validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.64; Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.36) data sets. A risk score cutoff point of at least 6 detected 91% and 83% of cases by screening 68% and 68% of the derivation and validation populations, respectively. Conclusions: These findings support the use of the algorithm for individualized risk assessment and have important implications for reducing unnecessary screening and saving costs. Specifically, we anticipate that the algorithm has potential uses in alternative settings such as Internet-based testing contexts by facilitating personalized test recommendations, stimulating health care–seeking behavior, and aiding risk communication by increasing sexually transmitted infection risk perception through the creation of tailored risk messages to different groups.
Magnetic and Lattice Ordered Fractional Quantum Hall Phases in Graphene
Creators: name: An, Jincheng
name: Balram, Ajit C.
name: Murthy, Ganpathy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At and near charge neutrality, monolayer graphene in a perpendicular magnetic field is a quantum Hall ferromagnet. In addition to the highly symmetric Coulomb interaction, residual lattice-scale interactions, Zeeman, and sublattice couplings determine the fate of the ground state. Going beyond the simplest model with ultra-short-range residual couplings to more generic couplings, one finds integer phases that show the coexistence of magnetic and lattice order parameters. Here we show that fractional quantum Hall states in the vicinity of charge neutrality have even richer phase diagrams, with a plethora of phases with simultaneous magnetic and lattice symmetry breaking.
Influencing world bank policy agendas through networks: the possibilities and pitfalls of NGO-Bank 'partnerships'
Creators: name: Davis, Tom
name: Moran, Michael
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper analyses, through a public policy lens, how the World Bank's policy agenda may be influenced by the relationships specific units within the Bank form with the non-Bank development policy community. The research on which this paper reports begins by auditing World Bank projects in South-East Asia and the Pacific that involve NGOs and, from that, provides a basic typology of the relationships into which NGOs and the Bank are entering. The next phase involves an in-depth study of an NGO-Bank project ‘partnership’ in the region (Kecamantan Development Project, Indonesia) in an attempt to establish more precisely the nature of this interaction. In both phases interviews from stakeholders (NGOs, World Bank, local level officials) will be used in addition to other primary source material. This evidence will then be read against the existing public policy literature on the relevance of networks and policy ‘entrepreneurship’ in changing policy agendas and designs. On this basis, tentative conclusions are reached as to the opportunities, and limits, in NGOs using these relationships to influence the Bank’s policy agenda on participatory-oriented development. This may provide some illumination in regards the engagement versus advocacy dilemma many Northern-based NGOs face. More generally, by working through the ideas that have emerged from the policy network literature over the past decade and applying them to the World Bank’s policy formulation, it seeks to add a new perspective to the emerging work on organisational and conceptual change at the Bank that has come out of the international/development studies field in recent years.
Rigid flocks, undulatory gaits, and chiral foldamers in a chemically active polymer
Creators: name: Subramaniam, Arvin Gopal
name: Kumar, Manoj
name: Thutupalli, Shashi
name: Singh, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active matter systems - such as a collection of active colloidal particles - operate far from equilibrium with complex inter-particle interactions that govern their collective dynamics. Predicting the collective dynamics of such systems may aid the design of self-shaping structures comprised of active colloidal units with a prescribed dynamical function. Here, using simulations and theory, we study the collective dynamics of a chain consisting of active Brownian particles with internal interactions via trail-mediated chemicals, connected by harmonic springs in two dimensions to obtain design principles for active colloidal molecules. We show that two-dimensional confinement and chemo-repulsive interactions between the freely-jointed particles lead to an emergent rigidity of the chain in the steady-state dynamics. In the chemo-attractive regime, the chain collapses into crystals that abruptly halt their motion. Further, in a chain consisting of a binary mixture of monomers, we show that non-reciprocal chemical affinities between distinct species give rise to novel phenomena, such as chiral molecules with tunable dynamics, sustained undulatory gaits and reversal of the direction of motion. Our results suggest a novel interpretation of the role of trail-mediated interactions, in addition to providing active self-assembly principles arising due to non-reciprocal interactions.
description: 19 pages. 10 Figures
Sunyaev-Zeldovich signatures from non-thermal, relativistic electrons using CMB maps
Creators: name: Acharya, Sandeep Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistically energetic, non-thermal population of electrons can give rise to unique CMB spectral distortion signatures which can be significantly different from thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal or $y$-distortion. These signatures depend upon the spectrum of non-thermal electrons, therefore, a detection can inform us about the existence and abundance of non-thermal electrons in our universe. Using public CMB maps and data, we derive upper limits on non-thermal $y$-parameter for a relativistic, power-law electron distribution. With future CMB experiments, we may be in a position to detect or put significantly tighter constraints on these signals which can affect our understanding of non-thermal electron distributions in our universe.
description: Comments welcome
Exploring decomposition of temporal patterns to facilitate learning of neural networks for ground-level daily maximum 8-hour average ozone prediction: Data
Creators: name: Leufen, Lukas Hubert
name: Kleinert, Felix
name: Schultz, Martin G.
Publisher: name: FZ-Juelich B2SHARE
Year: 2022
Subjects: 3.3.14 → Earth sciences → Meteorology
3.2.4 → Chemistry → Atmospheric chemistry
4.1.17.1.2 → Cognitive science → Machine learning
machine learning
air quality
ozone
deep learning
neural network
temporal decomposition
time series prediction

description: This record contains data for the manuskript "Exploring decomposition of temporal patterns to facilitate learning of neural networks for ground-level daily maximum 8-hour average ozone prediction" by L. H. Leufen, F. Kleinert and M. G. Schultz.
description: We provide the complete experiment folders of the best trained networks (_network_daily). These contain the data used (data), the forecasts created (forecasts), the neural network used (model), graphics about the data and the evaluation (plots) as well as the exact results of the error analysis (latex_report). In addition, each experiment folder contains a start script (start_script.txt) with disabled train options, which can be used to restart the evaluation without overwriting or training the model. We have added an example file (run_Example.sh) how such a call could look like. To start a new experiment it required to update the start script accordingly. Furthermore, we provide the results of the uncertainty estimate of the MSE (analysis_data, stored in leufen-data-0.tar.gz) for the FCN experiments but also for the follow-up experiments with different NN architectures (FCN, RNN, CNN). All mentioned data are grouped and packed into several tar.gz archives (leufen-data-.tar.gz).
description: To have a better insight into the data and experiment, we provide a ready-to-run jupyter notebook to load and visualize our data and results. To run this notebook we rely on docker. Download the docker file (leufen-docker.tar.gz) and follow the instructions (instructions.md and instructions.pdf) to load data, models, and the notebook. Note that changes made by the user to the notebook well be removed on exit as long the option "--rm" is present. When following the instructions, it is *not* required to unpack the data file (leufen-data-*.tar.gz). If you encount issues with disk space limits and docker, it is always possible to use a reduced number of data files or to unpack data for a single experiment and just parse them to the docker container. When using a windows host system, some commands provided in the instructions might slightly deviate.
description: All experiments were carried out with the software MLAir in version 2.0.0 . A detailed description is given in https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1553-2021 and the source code can be found at https://gitlab.jsc.fz-juelich.de/esde/machine-learning/mlair .
Parallel Affine Transformation Tuning of Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Schär, Philip
name: Habeck, Michael
name: Rudolf, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60J22, 65C05, 60J05

description: The performance of Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers strongly depends on the properties of the target distribution such as its covariance structure, the location of its probability mass and its tail behavior. We explore the use of bijective affine transformations of the sample space to improve the properties of the target distribution and thereby the performance of samplers running in the transformed space. In particular, we propose a flexible and user-friendly scheme for adaptively learning the affine transformation during sampling. Moreover, the combination of our scheme with Gibbsian polar slice sampling is shown to produce samples of high quality at comparatively low computational cost in several settings based on real-world data.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables
Dataverse Community Meeting 2020 Introduction to the Dataverse repository for the Hildesheim University Foundation
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dataverse
Dataverse Hildesheim
Dataverse repository
Data archiving
Data publishing
Forschungsdaten
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Research Data
Research Data Management
eScience
Bibliotheken
Universitätsbibliotheken

description: The software Dataverse can be used at the Hildesheim University Foundation for the institutional research data repository since mid-May 2020. The DFG Code "Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice" from August 1, 2019, states that all universities and non-university research institutions must implement the 19 guidelines in a legally binding manner in order to receive funding from the German Research Foundation. To make scientific knowledge publicly available, the research data (usually raw data) - depending on the specialist area – has to be accessible for ten years in the institution where it originated and be kept in repositories.
Opinions on strategies for forest adaptation to future climate conditions in Western Canada : Surveys of the general public and leaders of forest-dependent communities
Creators: name: Hajjar, Reem Fouad
name: McGuigan, Erin Kathleen
name: Moshofsky, Molly Miriam
name: Kozak, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Two province-wide surveys of residents in Alberta and British Columbia were conducted to assess the acceptability of a range of reforestation strategies — many of which revolve around biotechnology — that could be used to aid Western Canada’s forests in adapting to future climate change. The opinions of leaders of forestdependent communities were also sought to evaluate how well they align with those of the public-at-large. Results show that the general publics’ and community leaders’ views correspond. There is a low acceptance for a ‘do nothing’ strategy that allows climate change to run its course without any human intervention, high acceptance of replanting with local seeds, a decreasing acceptance of strategies that involve more manipulation such as breeding, using non-local seeds, and moving seeds outside of a species’ natural range, and a low acceptance of genetically-engineered solutions. However, a high proportion of respondents changed their answers when told that a particular strategy would lead to either favourable or unfavourable outcomes related to socio-economics of forest-dependent communities, forest aesthetics, and pest, disease, and fire outbreaks. We conclude that a meaningful and participatory dialogue on forest adaptation strategies in the face of climate change can only emerge if residents and other interested stakeholders have an adequate understanding of current forest management practices, proposed reforestation strategies, the role of technological interventions, and the values and services for which Western Canada’s forests are to be managed.
Self-consistent sharp interface theory of active condensate dynamics
Creators: name: Goychuk, Andriy
name: Demarchi, Leonardo
name: Maryshev, Ivan
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biomolecular condensates help organize the cell cytoplasm and nucleoplasm into spatial compartments with different chemical compositions. A key feature of such compositional patterning is the local enrichment of enzymatically active biomolecules which, after transient binding via molecular interactions, catalyze reactions among their substrates. Thereby, biomolecular condensates provide a spatial template for non-uniform concentration profiles of substrates. In turn, the concentration profiles of substrates, and their molecular interactions with enzymes, drive enzyme fluxes which can enable novel non-equilibrium dynamics. To analyze this generic class of systems, with a current focus on self-propelled droplet motion, we here develop a self-consistent sharp interface theory. In our theory, we diverge from the usual bottom-up approach, which involves calculating the dynamics of concentration profiles based on a given chemical potential gradient. Instead, reminiscent of control theory, we take the reverse approach by deriving the chemical potential profile and enzyme fluxes required to maintain a desired condensate form and dynamics. The chemical potential profile and currents of enzymes come with a corresponding power dissipation rate, which allows us to derive a thermodynamic consistency criterion for the passive part of the system (here, reciprocal enzyme-enzyme interactions). As a first use case of our theory, we study the role of reciprocal interactions, where the transport of substrates due to reactions and diffusion is, in part, compensated by redistribution due to molecular interactions. More generally, our theory applies to mass-conserved active matter systems with moving phase boundaries.
Linguistically Communicating Uncertainty in Patient-Facing Risk Prediction Models
Creators: name: Sivaprasad, Adarsa
name: Reiter, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses the unique challenges associated with uncertainty quantification in AI models when applied to patient-facing contexts within healthcare. Unlike traditional eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods tailored for model developers or domain experts, additional considerations of communicating in natural language, its presentation and evaluating understandability are necessary. We identify the challenges in communication model performance, confidence, reasoning and unknown knowns using natural language in the context of risk prediction. We propose a design aimed at addressing these challenges, focusing on the specific application of in-vitro fertilisation outcome prediction.
Polarization splitter based on a square-lattice photonic-crystal fiber
Creators: name: Rosa, Lorenzo
name: Poli, Federica
name: Foroni, Matteo
name: Cucinotta, Annamaria
name: Selleri, Stefano
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A three-core polarization splitter based on a square-lattice photonic-crystal fiber is presented. The component separates the input field into two orthogonally polarized beams that are coupled to the horizontal and vertical output ports. The splitter has been designed through modal and beam propagation analysis by employing high-performance codes based on the finite-element method. Results obtained for a device length of 20 mm show extinction ratios as low as -23 dB with bandwidths as great as 90 nm.
Raw data
Creators: name: Yang, Sheng
name: Xie, Bin
name: Bai, Mudan
name: Li, Liulin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70601 Horticultural Crop Growth and Development
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Basal diameter Hyd raunew shoot growthlic conductivity Soil Moisture
Wege zu einem klimaneutralen Energiesystem - Bundesländer im Transformationsprozess
Creators: name: Thelen, Connor
name: Nolte, Hannah
name: Kaiser, Markus
name: Jürgens, Patrick
name: Müller, Paul
name: Senkpiel, Charlotte
name: Kost, Christoph
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Nach dem Bundestags-Beschluss zum Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) vom Juni 2021, mit dem verschärften Ziel der Treibhausgasneutralität Deutschlands im Jahr 2045, analysiert das Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE in seinen Studien »Wege zu einem klimaneutralen Energiesystem« mit seinem Energiesystemmodell REMod die Transformationspfade. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht verschiedene Wege zum Erreichen der Klimaneutralität in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2045. Dabei werden gesellschaftliche und geopolitische Entwicklungen in vier Szenarien abgebildet und die Transformation des Energiesystems auf Bundeslandebene betrachtet. Systemstudien wie diese ermöglichen eine umfassende Analyse des Energiesystems. Diese Studie umfasst die Entwicklungen in den Sektoren Energiewirtschaft, Industrie, Gebäude und Verkehr sowie die Berücksichtigung von technischen CO2-Senken, im nachfolgenden als Negativemissionstechnologien bezeichnet. Durch die Nutzung des Energiesystemmodells REMod, welches Deutschland auf Bundeslandebene abbildet, können verschiedene strukturelle Faktoren der Bundesländer und die Rolle des Föderalismus in der Bundesrepublik berücksichtigt werden. Zudem ist es möglich, den Energieaustausch innerhalb Deutschlands für Strom und Wasserstoff aus der Gesamt-systemperspektive zu analysieren. Neben technischen Faktoren sind die gesellschaftliche und geopolitische Entwicklung zentrale Faktoren, die das Gelingen der Energiewende bestimmen und Einfluss auf mögliche Wege zur Klimaneutralität haben.
Causality, extremality, and all that
Creators: name: Chen, Calvin Yi-Ren
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: It is well known that general relativity, when viewed from the perspective of quantum field theory, is a non-renormalisable theory --- this is central to the problem of quantum gravity. A less problematic perspective is to view general relativity from the perspective of effective field theory. As such, the Einstein-Hilbert action is considered just the lowest-order term in a derivative expansion, where higher-order terms are suppressed and agnostically parameterise the effects of an unknown UV completion. It was thought that all effective actions of this form are able to accurately capture the effect of UV physics at low energies, but certain observables within the low-energy theories can tip us off about possibly undesirable properties of UV completions. In this thesis, we are concerned with such qualitative features of low-energy gravitational effective field theories. In the first part, we will consider the restrictions that causality puts on the Wilson coefficients of an effective field theory. To that end, we first establish the use of an appropriate notion of causality and find consistency with gravitational positivity bounds. We then apply this so-called infrared causality to put constraints on the leading-order EFT of gravity on black hole and pp-wave backgrounds in five or higher dimensions. In the second part, we are concerned with qualitative features of extremal black holes, the kinematics of which are known to have interesting implications on quantum gravity. We first study deformations to the near-horizon region of known extremal black holes and use intuition from these to state a conjecture on Wilson coefficients in terms of the behaviour of the deformations near the horizon. Finally, we consider a prototypical scalar field toy example for restrictions on EFTs in the context of $\mathrm{AdS}_{2}$ holography.
title: Ferroelectret energy harvesting with 3D‐printed air‐spaced cantilever design
Creators: name: Ben Dali, Omar
name: Seggern, Heinz von
name: Sessler, Gerhard Martin
name: Pondrom, Perceval
name: Zhukov, Sergey
name: Zhang, Xiaoqing
name: Kupnik, Mario
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022

description: Vibrational energy harvesters of air-spaced cantilever design, utilizing ferroelectrets as the electroactive element, are a very recent concept. Such systems, based on the d₃₁ piezoelectric effect are further studied with harvesters of improved design, partially implemented by additive manufacturing. The focus of the present work is on the dependence of frequency response, resonance frequency, and generated power on the distance of the ferroelectret from the cantilever beam and on the pre-stressing of the ferroelectret. Experimental data are compared with both analytical and numerical evaluations. It is found that the power generated can be increased by one to two orders of magnitude by proper choice of distance. A suitable pre-stress yields another increase of power by a factor of 2 to 10 and linearizes the response.Thus, normalized output powers more than 1000μW referred to an acceleration of 9.81 ms² and a seismic mass of 3.5 g, can be achieved, which significantly exceeds previous results of cantilever-based energy harvesters.
Comparison of Articaine Mandibular Infiltration to.pdf
Creators: name: Zhang, Ivan Liang
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110501 Dental Materials and Equipment
subject: 110502 Dental Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology

description: This study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized control clinical trial with parallel design that aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mandibular infiltration with four percent articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) versus that of inferior alveolar nerve block with two percent lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) when administered for restorative treatment of deciduous (or primary) mandibular molars (DMM). Thirty subjects, between four and ten years of age, fulfilling strict inclusion and exclusion eligibility criteria, were enrolled and randomly assigned into two study groups: Lidocaine group (control) or Articaine group (variable). A single, designated operator using consistent anesthetic administration techniques provided all local anesthesia (LA). Clinical outcome data was collected to assess the perception of pain using two different validated rating systems. The Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS), exhibiting numerical categories of facial expression, crying, and movement, was scored by two kinds of trained and calibrated examiners who were blinded to the LA type. Examiners A (dental assistant) observed and rated the subjects’ behavior during LA administration. Examiner B (pediatric dental resident) performed dental treatment and thereafter rated the observed subjects’ behavior throughout the overall appointment. The Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale (WBS) was used by the subjects at the end of the appointment to self-report their own level of experienced pain throughout the whole appointment. Blood pressure and pulse of the subjects were also recorded throughout the appointment as quantitative measures of pain. Data was statistically analyzed to determine if there were any clinical or behavioral differences in the effectiveness of either local anesthetic agent administered via their respective techniques when performing restorative treatment on DMM.
IUCN SSC BAT SPECIALIST GROUP GUIDELINES FOR FIELD HYGIENE
Creators: name: Shapiro, Julie Teresa
name: Phelps, Kendra
name: Racey, Paul
name: Vicente-Santos, Amanda
name: Viquez-R, Luis
name: Walsh, Allyson
name: Weinberg, Maya
name: Kingston, Tigga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: These guidelines are intended for all people who do fieldwork with bats in the field anywhere in the world. They update our previous IUCN Bat Specialist Group guidelines, which were developed specifically to address bat-related fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines address "ordinary" circumstances and aim to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission in all directions – humans to bats, bats to humans,  and between bat species or populations, facilitated by humans. These guidelines exist as much to protect bat populations as the humans who study them.
การศึกษารูปแบบการจัดบริการเพร็พ (PrEP) ในการป้องกันการติดเชื้อเอชไอวี ในระบบบริการสาธารณสุข
Creators: name: นุชนารถ แก้วดำเกิง
Publisher: name: Division of AIDS&STIs
Year: 2022
Subjects: ยาป้องกันก่อนการสัมผัสเชื้อเอชไอวี (เพร็พ)
เอชไอวี
ระบบบริการสาธารณสุข

description: Thai AIDS Journal, 34, 2, 113-130