An annotation model for software mentions and citations
Creators: name: Alvares Freire, Fernanda
name: Henny-Krahmer, Ulrike
name: Ferger, Anne
name: Jettka, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Software
Forschungssoftware
Research software
Software sustainability
Software citation
TEI
XML
annotation

description: Appropriate citation of software plays an important role in academic publications to make research results reproducible and reusable. There are several recommendations and guidelines on how to deal with research software (Anzt et al. 2021; Smith et al. 2016; Lamprecht et al. 2020) and how to cite software that is used in the research process (Jackson n.d.; Chue Hong et al. 2019a, 2019b; Druskat 2021a, 2021b). To find out if these recommendations (e.g. consistent versioning, persistent identification, appropriate credit to developers) are actually reflected in practice, we examined conference abstracts of the DHd (Henny-Krahmer/Jettka 2022) and ADHO conferences (Jettka et al., to appear). Apparently, there is great potential (and need) for improving the current situation. In our software citation studies, an annotation model was formulated in the form of a TEI taxonomy. Initially, a document-centered approach was pursued, i.e., software mentions were semi-automatically identified and directly annotated with citation information that could be located somewhere else in the document, for instance, in the bibliographies of the abstracts. We now propose a revised TEI annotation model, which aims at a more precise annotation to differentiate between pure software mentions (names) and other parts of citation information (such as URLs, developers, or bibliography entries) and linking these parts together. In our new approach, we use pointers (&lt;ptr&gt;) to an externally defined list of software entities and reference these pointers from the annotation instances of corresponding citation information. Thus we still aim at examining the current situation of software citation (this time in articles of the Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative), but at the same time, we provide and use a model and create a data basis of software mentions and citations which could be used for training of automatic methods to identify software mentions and corresponding citation information in academic texts. <strong>Bibliography</strong> Anzt, Hartwig / Bach, Felix / Druskat, Stephan / Löffler, Frank / Loewe, Axel / Renard, Bernhard Y. / Seemann, Gunnar / Struck, Alexander et al. (2021): “An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: current state, open challenges, and call for action [version 2; peer review: 2 approved].” In: <em>F1000Research</em> 9:295. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23224.2. Chue Hong, Neil (ed.) (2019a): “Software Citation Checklist for Authors” (Version 0.9.0). <em>Zenodo</em>. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479199. Chue Hong, Neil (ed.) (2019b): “Software Citation Checklist for Developers” (Version 0.9.0). <em>Zenodo</em>. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3482769. Druskat, Stephan (2021a): “Research software citation for researchers.” <em>Research Software Citation. Cite and Make Citable!</em> (Version 1.1). https://cite.research-software.org/researchers/ [last accessed: 04.11.2022]. Druskat, Stephan (2021b): “Research software citation for developers.” <em>Research Software Citation. Cite and Make Citable!</em> (Version 1.1). https://cite.research-software.org/developers [last accessed: 04.11.2022]. Henny-Krahmer, Ulrike / Daniel Jettka (2022): “Softwarezitation als Technik der Wissenschaftskultur. Vom Umgang mit Forschungssoftware in den Digital Humanities.” In: <em>DHd 2022. Kulturen des digitalen Gedächtnisses. Konferenzabstracts, Potsdam, 7.-11.3.2022</em>. Potsdam: Universität Potsdam, 203-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6328047. Jackson, Mike (n. d.): “How to cite and describe software.” In: <em>Software and research: The Software Sustainability Institute’s Blog</em>. https://www.software.ac.uk/how-cite-and-describe-software [last accessed: 04.11.2021]. Jettka, Daniel / Henny-Krahmer, Ulrike / Ferger, Anne / Alvares Freire, Fernanda (to appear): “Software Citation in the Digital Humanities”. In: <em>DH 2023. Collaboration as Opportunity</em>. Conference abstracts, Graz, 10.-14.7.2023. Lamprecht, Anna-Lena / Garcia, Leyla / Kuzak, Mateusz / Martinez, Carlos / Arcila, Ricardo /Del Pico, Eva M. / Dominguez Del Angel, Victoria et al. (2020): “Towards FAIR principles for research software.” In: <em>Data Science</em> 3 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.3233/DS-190026. Smith, Arfon M. / Katz, Daniel S. / Niemeyer, Kyle E. / FORCE11 Software Citation Working Group (2016): “Software citation principles.” In: <em>PeerJ Computer Science</em> 2:e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.86.
description: Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) – 441958017 (NFDI4Culture).