cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Learning Architecture for Classifying the Transient Noise of Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors
Creators: name: Sakai, Yusuke
name: Itoh, Yousuke
name: Jung, Piljong
name: Kokeyama, Keiko
name: Kozakai, Chihiro
name: Nakahira, Katsuko T.
name: Oshino, Shoichi
name: Shikano, Yutaka
name: Takahashi, Hirotaka
name: Uchiyama, Takashi
name: Ueshima, Gen
name: Washimi, Tatsuki
name: Yamamoto, Takahiro
name: Yokozawa, Takaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the data obtained by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, transient noise with non-stationary and non-Gaussian features occurs at a high rate. This often results in problems such as detector instability and the hiding and/or imitation of gravitational-wave signals. This transient noise has various characteristics in the time--frequency representation, which is considered to be associated with environmental and instrumental origins. Classification of transient noise can offer clues for exploring its origin and improving the performance of the detector. One approach for accomplishing this is supervised learning. However, in general, supervised learning requires annotation of the training data, and there are issues with ensuring objectivity in the classification and its corresponding new classes. By contrast, unsupervised learning can reduce the annotation work for the training data and ensure objectivity in the classification and its corresponding new classes. In this study, we propose an unsupervised learning architecture for the classification of transient noise that combines a variational autoencoder and invariant information clustering. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, we used the dataset (time--frequency two-dimensional spectrogram images and labels) of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) first observation run prepared by the Gravity Spy project. The classes provided by our proposed unsupervised learning architecture were consistent with the labels annotated by the Gravity Spy project, which manifests the potential for the existence of unrevealed classes.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. Matches version published in Scientific Reports
D6.2: Final Report on the PRACE Operational Services
Creators: name: Stanek, Filip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure
Operational services
Tier-0
Tier-1
KPI

description: The objective of this deliverable is to present the activity done in the reporting period (May 2018 - April 2019) to operate and coordinate the common PRACE Operational services, foreseen by task 6.1 of WP6 in PRACE-5IP project. The operation of the PRACE distributed HPC infrastructure involves the coordination of a set of services which integrate the Tier-0 systems and a number of national Tier-1 systems, providing services for Tier-0, in a “single” pan-european HPC infrastructure.
 This work is the continuation of the work done by task 6.1 in the previous PRACE-IP projects to give continuity to the PRACE Operational services for the HPC Eco-system.
 Eight Tier-0 systems were operational in the second year of the PRACE-5IP project period: JUWELS at GCS@JUELICH; IRENE SKL at GENCI@CEA; IRENE KNL at GENCI@CEA; HAZELHEN at GCS@HLRS; SuperMUC phase2 at GCS@LRZ; MARCONI (BDW & KNL) at CINECA; MareNostrum4 at BSC; PizDaint at ETHZurich@CSCS Furthermore, operational support has been provided to 23 national Tier-1 systems that provide services for Tier-0 (i.e. used from SMEs for the SHAPE activity, or as stepping stone towards Tier-0 systems, or to prototypes and asses new operational services). These Tier-1 systems are distributed among 14 different countries, ensuring a wide distribution of the European HPC eco-system.
 Based on the procedures for incident and change management the complete set of PRACE common services as defined in the Service Catalogue (Networking, Data, Compute, AAA and Security, User, Monitoring and Generic) have been operated and monitored on a day-by-day basis to assure continuity and integrity of the services.
 The Security Forum, responsible for all security related activities, is also coordinated by task 6.1, with periodic teleconferences to monitor the infrastructure and prevent possible incidents which could cause vulnerability on the PRACE RI. The PRACE CSIRT team has been established and is now in status of listed – a prerequisite to be fully Accredited to GÉANT’s Trusted Introducer program. The full accreditation is ongoing.
The Business of Emotion: Claribel and the Sentimental Ballad in Victorian England
Creators: name: Thompson, Whitney
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: music
music history
Victorian England
women's history

description: This paper was delivered virtually at the 2022 conference of the International Alliance for Women in Music. --- ABSTRACT: The composer Claribel (AKA Charlotte Alington Barnard), although she's been somewhat forgotten, had an incredibly prolific and successful career in the 1860s as a writer of popular music, mostly "sentimental" or "drawing-room" ballads. What little scholarship exists on her (most of it by Derek Scott) focuses mainly on the lyrical content and music theory of her compositions, paying little regard to the socioeconomic context in which her songs were received -- and their reception was quite mixed. The public enjoyed Claribel's music, with newspapers of the time mentioning many encore requests for performances of her songs. However, some of these same newspapers routinely pilloried Claribel's tunes and anyone who performed them, in particular The Orchestra, which often called her music "trash." In this paper, I want to build on the work of Joyce Andrews (2012), who discussed the business relationship between Claribel and her frequent collaborator, the singer Charlotte Sainton-Dolby -- because the historical record suggests that Claribel's music existed in, and in some ways even facilitated, an economic ecosystem powered mostly by women. Claribel's songs were largely about women, centering their emotions and choices (hence the press's condemnations of her sentimentality). Women also performed her works the vast majority of the time, and some singers like Charlotte Sainton-Dolby and Euphrosyne Parepa were even paid to "introduce" new songs at concerts. I hope to show, overall, that women had some measure of economic power in the burgeoning musical industry of 1860s Britain, through precisely the kind of sentimentality that was characterized -- and dismissed -- as feminine.
Discovering Superhard B-N-O Compounds by Iterative Machine Learning and Evolutionary Structure Predictions
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Chih
name: Vohra, Yogesh K.
name: Chen, Cheng-Chien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for new superhard B-N-O compounds with an iterative machine learning (ML) procedure, where ML models are trained using sample crystal structures from evolutionary algorithm. We first use cohesive energy to evaluate the thermodynamic stability of varying B$_x$N$_y$O$_z$ compositions, and then gradually focus on compositional regions with high cohesive energy and high hardness. The results converge quickly after a few iterations. Our resulting ML models show that B$_{x+2}$N$_{x}$O$_{3}$ compounds with $x \geq 3$ (like B$_5$N$_3$O$_3$, B$_6$N$_4$O$_3$, etc.) are potentially superhard and thermodynamically favorable. Our meta-GGA density functional theory calculations indicate that these materials are also wide bandgap ($\ge 4.4$ eV) insulators, with the valence band maximum related to the $p$-orbitals of nitrogen atoms near vacant sites. This study demonstrates that an iterative method combining ML and ab initio simulations provides a powerful tool for discovering novel materials.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Single-shot MHz velocity-map-imaging using two Timepix3 cameras
Creators: name: Bromberger, Hubertus
name: Passow, Christopher
name: Pennicard, David
name: Boll, Rebecca
name: Correa, Jonathan
name: He, Lanhai
name: Johny, Melby
name: Papadopoulou, Christina
name: Tul-Noor, Atia
name: Wiese, Joss
name: Trippel, Sebastian
name: Erk, Benjamin
name: Küpper, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the application of event-driven Timepix3-based detectors in combination with a double-sided velocity-map-imaging spectrometer to record the full 3D momentum of charged particles at the free-electron-laser facility FLASH. We measured the XUV induced fragmentation of $\text{N}_2$ using 250 kHz FLASH bursts with sub-pixel spatial resolution and up to 1.7~ns temporal resolution for photoelectrons. To further demonstrate the capabilities of this camera at even higher repetition rates we measured single-shot images of He($1s$) photoelectrons for bursts with a repetition rate of 1 MHz. Overall, with the Timepix3 camera we overcome limitations of standard-camera technology for advanced-imaging experiments with requirements on high event-rates and high spatio-temporal resolution.
Three-dimensional description of vibration-assisted electron knock-on damage
Creators: name: Chirita, Alexandru
name: Markevich, Alexander
name: Tripathi, Mukesh
name: Pike, Nicholas A.
name: Verstraete, Matthieu J.
name: Kotakoski, Jani
name: Susi, Toma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic knock-on is the main electron irradiation damage mechanism in metals including graphene. Atomic vibrations influence its cross-section, but only the out-of-plane direction has been considered so far in the literature. Here, we present a full three-dimensional theory of knock-on damage including the effect of temperature and vibrations to describe ejection into arbitrary directions. We thus establish a general quantitative description of electron irradiation effects through elastic scattering. Applying our methodology to in-plane jumps of pyridinic nitrogen atoms, we show their observed rates imply much stronger inelastic effects than in pristine graphene.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table (+ supplement)
D6.1: First Annual Report on the PRACE Operational Services
Creators: name: Stanek, Filip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure
Operational services
Tier-0
Tier-1
KPI

description: The objective of this deliverable is to present the activity done in the reporting period (January 2017 - April 2018) to operate and coordinate the common PRACE Operational services, foreseen by Task 6.1 of WP6 in PRACE-5IP project. The operation of the PRACE distributed HPC infrastructure involves the coordination of a set of services which integrate the Tier-0 systems and a number of national Tier-1 systems, providing services for Tier-0, in a “single” pan-european HPC infrastructure.
 This work is the continuation of the work done by Task 6.1 in the previous PRACE-IP projects to give continuity to the PRACE Operational services for the HPC Eco-system.
 Eight Tier-0 systems were operational in the first reporting period of the PRACE-5IP project
 period: JUQUEEN at GCS@JUELICH; CURIE at GENCI@CEA; HAZELHEN at GCS@HLRS; SuperMUC at GCS@LRZ; SuperMUC phase2 at GCS@LRZ; MARCONI (BDW & KNL) at CINECA; MareNostrum4 at BSC; PizDaint at ETHZurich@CSCS Furthermore, operational support has been provided to 23 national Tier-1 systems that provide services for Tier-0 (i.e. used from SMEs for the SHAPE activity, or as stepping stone towards Tier-0 systems, or to prototypes and asses new operational services). These Tier-1 systems are distributed among 16 different countries, ensuring a wide distribution of the European HPC eco-system.
 A new version of the PRACE Service Catalogue, which describes the PRACE common services, has been submitted for approval by the PRACE BoD to further guide the operational activity. The Service Catalogue represents a living document and, as a result of the successful evaluation in the first reporting period of PRACE-5IP, it will be revised during the second reporting period.
 Based on the procedures for incident and change management the complete set of PRACE common services as defined in the Service Catalogue (Networking, Data, Compute, AAA and Security, User, Monitoring and Generic) have been operated and monitored on a day-by-day basis to assure continuity and integrity of the services.
 The Security Forum, responsible for all security related activities, is also coordinated by Task 6.1, with periodic teleconferences to monitor the infrastructure and prevent possible incidents which could cause vulnerability on the PRACE RI.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 109.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.05.1961, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1961

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
New Developments in KKMChh: Quark-Level Exponentiated Radiative Corrections and Semi-analytical Results
Creators: name: Yost, S. A.
name: Dittrich, M.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Wąs, Z.
name: Ward, B. F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new semi-analytical program, KKhhFoam, which provides a simplified framework for testing the amplitude-level exponentiation scheme (CEEX) of the full KKMChh program in the semi-soft limit. The structure of the KKhhFoam integrand is also helpful for elucidating the structure of CEEX. We also discuss the representation of ISR in KKMChh and compare the ISR added by KKMChh to the effect of switching to a QED-corrected PDF, at the individual quark level, and suggest a new approach to running KKMChh with QED-corrected PDFs.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, presented at RADCOR/Loopfest 2021, 15th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology, FSU, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 17-21 May 2021
Using Neutrino Oscillations to Measure $H_0$
Creators: name: Khalifeh, Ali Rida
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tension between late and early universe probes of today's expansion rate, the Hubble parameter $H_0$, remains a challenge for the standard model of cosmology $Λ$CDM. There are many theoretical proposals to remove the tension, with work still needed on that front. However, by looking at new probes of the $H_0$ parameter one can get new insights that might ease the tension. Here, we argue that neutrino oscillations could be such a probe. We expand on previous work and study the full three-flavor neutrino oscillations within the $Λ$CDM paradigm. We show how the oscillation probabilities evolve differently with redshift for different values of $H_0$ and neutrino mass hierarchies. We also point out how this affects neutrino fluxes which, from their measurements at neutrino telescopes, would determine which value of $H_0$ is probed by this technique, thus establishing the aforementioned aim.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 1 table and a GitHub repository. Some improvements were done to the plots. Comments and suggestions are welcome
Entropy of fully-packed rigid rods on generalized Husimi trees: a route to the square lattice limit
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Nathann T.
name: Stilck, Jürgen F.
name: Oliveira, Tiago J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although hard rigid rods ($k$-mers) defined on the square lattice have been widely studied in the literature, their entropy per site, $s(k)$, in the full-packing limit is only known exactly for dimers ($k=2$) and numerically for trimers ($k=3$). Here, we investigate this entropy for rods with $k \le 7$, by defining and solving them on Husimi lattices built with diagonal and regular square lattice clusters of effective lateral size $L$, where $L$ defines the level of approximation to the square lattice. Due to an $L$-parity effect, by increasing $L$ we obtain two systematic sequences of values for the entropies $s_L(k)$ for each type of cluster, whose extrapolations to $L \rightarrow \infty$ provide estimates of these entropies for the square lattice. For dimers, our estimates for $s(2)$ differ from the exact result by only $0.03\%$, while that for $s(3)$ differs from best available estimates by $3\%$. In this paper, we also obtain a new estimate for $s(4)$. For larger $k$, we find that the extrapolated results from the Husimi tree calculations do not lie between the lower and upper bounds established in the literature for $s(k)$. In fact, we observe that, to obtain reliable estimates for these entropies, we should deal with levels $L$ that increase with $k$. However, it is very challenging computationally to advance to solve the problem for large values of $L$ and for large rods. In addition, the exact calculations on the generalized Husimi trees provide strong evidence for the fully packed phase to be disordered for $k\geq 4$, in contrast to the results for the Bethe lattice wherein it is nematic, thus providing evidence for a high density nematic-disordered transition in the system of $k$-mers with vacancies.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures
D5.6: Extended best practice guide for prototypes and demonstrators
Creators: name: Shoukourian, Hayk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: Prototyping is an integral part of the HPC design process that assists in detecting and resolving any issues related to the use of new concepts and technologies. In general, the prototyping of HPC systems has the following objectives: to test and refine the functionality of a given HPC design and enable a better understanding of its purpose; to save time and costs by empowering the possibility of early influencing design changes; to assess the usefulness and applicability of new technologies and design approaches; and last but foremost to address the requirements of current user communities of HPC centres in an efficient way by gaining inputs and insights regarding the usage of the production system. This best practice guide aims to deliver information and guidance useful for the evaluation of prototype HPC systems with regard to their usability and fit for purpose. For achieving this goal, this document extends the previously developed (by PRACE-4IP WP5) best practice guide to include guidelines on: (i) a set of benchmarks most suitable for HPC prototyping; and (ii) a set of system and development tools that are currently used by PRACE Tier-0/Tier-1 sites for HPC prototype evaluation, while reflecting on existing co-design opportunities.
 The guide’s intended audience is prototype and/or demonstrator owners for testing on actual HPC prototypes and demonstrators stemming from EU-funded projects such as MontBlanc, DEEP/DEEP-ER/DEEP-EST, or future Pre-Commercial Procurements (PCP) on HPC. It could also prove useful for FET-HPC technological projects, and also for communities represented within Centers of Excellence (CoEs), providing both groups with some best practice for the assessment of prototypes and demonstrators, useful for the system design as well as for early and customized tests of system usability by thematic communities.
 This best practice guide has been designed taking into account the current race to Exascale, with the goal of providing valuable input for the activity of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking.
Simulation platform for pattern recognition based on reservoir computing with memristor networks
Creators: name: Tanaka, Gouhei
name: Nakane, Ryosho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; J.2
subject: 37N20

description: Memristive systems and devices are potentially available for implementing reservoir computing (RC) systems applied to pattern recognition. However, the computational ability of memristive RC systems depends on intertwined factors such as system architectures and physical properties of memristive elements, which complicates identifying the key factor for system performance. Here we develop a simulation platform for RC with memristor device networks, which enables testing different system designs for performance improvement. Numerical simulations show that the memristor-network-based RC systems can yield high computational performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods in three time series classification tasks. We demonstrate that the excellent and robust computation under device-to-device variability can be achieved by appropriately setting network structures, nonlinearity of memristors, and pre/post-processing, which increases the potential for reliable computation with unreliable component devices. Our results contribute to an establishment of a design guide for memristive reservoirs toward a realization of energy-efficient machine learning hardware.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 5 supplementary figures
Spectroscopic evidence for electron correlations in the interface-modulated epitaxial bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Liu, Chaofei
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superlattice potentials are theoretically predicted to modify the single-particle electronic structures. The resulting Coulomb-interaction-dominated low-energy physics would generate highly novel many-body phenomena. Here, by in situ tunneling spectroscopy, we show the signatures of superstructure-modulated correlated electron states in epitaxial bilayer graphene (BLG) on 6H-SiC(0001). As the carrier density is locally quasi-'tuned' by the superlattice potentials of a 6x6 interface reconstruction phase, the spectral-weight transfer occurs between the two broad peaks flanking the charge-neutral point. Such detected non-rigid band shift beyond the single-particle band description implies the existence of correlation effects, probably attributed to the modified interlayer coupling in epitaxial BLG by the 6x6 reconstruction as in magic-angle BLG by the Moire potentials. Quantitative analysis suggests the intrinsic interface reconstruction shows a high carrier tunability of around 1/2 filling range, equivalent to the back gating by a voltage of around 70 V in a typical gated BLG/SiO2/Si device. The finding in interface-modulated epitaxial BLG with reconstruction phase extends the BLG platform with electron correlations beyond the magic-angle situation, and may stimulate further investigations on correlated states in graphene systems and other van der Waals materials.
D5.5: Requirements of new user communities for the use of next generation computing systems evolving towards Exascale
Creators: name: Shoukourian, Hayk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: High Performance Computing (HPC) is experiencing vast amount of changes in the road towards Exascale computing capability. These changes stretch throughout different levels: from technology and architectures to use cases. In order to attain the best performing HPC system, it is imperative that the underlying technology and architecture match the requirements of the current and emerging applications.
 This document aims to provide an overview of these requirements by assessing the needs of user communities and of HPC centres in terms of technologies and architectures for next generation HPC systems evolving towards Exascale. For this purpose, surveys have been conducted among recently started Centres of Excellences (CoEs) in Europe for collecting the requirements from HPC user communities. A different survey has been distributed to all PRACE Tier-0/Tier-1 HPC sites to understand how these requirements differ from the current state of the art, to determine the requirements of HPC centres, and possibly motivate related prototyping efforts.
 This deliverable summarizes the results of the two surveys. The most important points to note are indicated in the list below: a need for prototype systems involving heterogeneous system architectures that include new kinds of memory and parallel I/O file systems is seen by the user communities as well as by PRACE Tier-0/Tier-1 HPC centres; Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) are the most appealing accelerator systems for the user communities – a requirement which is already fulfilled by 45% of PRACE Tier-0/Tier-1 HPC sites; a shift from conventional x86 based processing technologies (which is currently dominating at PRACE HPC sites) to alternatives such are ARM, IBM Power Architecture, PTX (Parallel Thread Execution) processing technologies is foreseen for the surveyed HPC sites; containers, which are instances of an Operating System (OS) level virtualization, are getting more appealing due to their higher efficiency as compared to the full, hardware-level, virtualization; growing power density for the required heterogeneous compute nodes further motivates the need for the adoption of water cooling technologies.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 148.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.06.1961, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1961

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 118.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.05.1961, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1961

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Information Scrambling Versus Quantum Revival Through the Lens of Operator Entanglement
Creators: name: Goto, Kanato
name: Mollabashi, Ali
name: Nozaki, Masahiro
name: Tamaoka, Kotaro
name: Tan, Mao Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we look for signatures of quantum revivals in two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) on a spatially compact manifold by using operator entanglement. It is believed that thermalization does not occur on spatially compact manifolds as the quantum state returns to its initial state which is a phenomenon known as quantum revival. We find that in CFTs such as the free fermion CFT, the operator mutual information exhibits quantum revival in accordance with the relativistic propagation of quasiparticles while in holographic CFTs, the operator mutual information does not exhibit this revival and the quasiparticle picture breaks down. Furthermore, by computing the tripartite operator mutual information, we find that the information scrambling ability of holographic CFTs can be weakened by the finite size effect. We propose a modification of an effective model known as the line tension picture to explain the entanglement dynamics due to the strong scrambling effect and find a close relationship between this model and the wormhole (Einstein-Rosen Bridge) in the holographic bulk dual.
Contrastive Cross-domain Recommendation in Matching
Creators: name: Xie, Ruobing
name: Liu, Qi
name: Wang, Liangdong
name: Liu, Shukai
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Lin, Leyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) aims to provide better recommendation results in the target domain with the help of the source domain, which is widely used and explored in real-world systems. However, CDR in the matching (i.e., candidate generation) module struggles with the data sparsity and popularity bias issues in both representation learning and knowledge transfer. In this work, we propose a novel Contrastive Cross-Domain Recommendation (CCDR) framework for CDR in matching. Specifically, we build a huge diversified preference network to capture multiple information reflecting user diverse interests, and design an intra-domain contrastive learning (intra-CL) and three inter-domain contrastive learning (inter-CL) tasks for better representation learning and knowledge transfer. The intra-CL enables more effective and balanced training inside the target domain via a graph augmentation, while the inter-CL builds different types of cross-domain interactions from user, taxonomy, and neighbor aspects. In experiments, CCDR achieves significant improvements on both offline and online evaluations in a real-world system. Currently, we have deployed our CCDR on WeChat Top Stories, affecting plenty of users. The source code is in https://github.com/lqfarmer/CCDR.
description: 11 pages, accepted by KDD-2022
Belief for someone Else’s sake
Creators: name: Keller, Simon
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: You care about what others believe about you. What others believe about you determines whether you have a good reputation, whether you have the respect of your peers, and whether your friends genuinely like you. Your caring about others’ beliefs makes sense, because others’ beliefs bear directly upon your level of well-being. Your beliefs can influence others’ well-being, as much as their beliefs can influence yours. How your beliefs influence another’s well-being is a different matter from whether your beliefs are supported by the evidence. Sometimes you can benefit another person by regulating your beliefs in response to considerations of her well-being, not (only) of the evidence. Usually, you do not have strong reasons to regulate your beliefs in response to considerations of the interests of others. But it can be different when the person in question is your friend. Within some perfectly good friendships, the support that each friend provides for the other extends as far as their being willing to regulate their beliefs with the goal of benefiting the other, even if that makes it less likely that their beliefs will be supported by the evidence. Within our friendships, we then have reasons for belief that do not arise directly from, and sometimes compete with, reasons provided by evidence. This claim conflicts with the widespread Aristotelian view that good friendship is oriented to virtue. But it fits with a more plausible view about friendship, on which the function of friendship is to help us cope with the fact that we are not fully virtuous, and to serve needs that we have because we are not fully virtuous.
D5.4: HPC Infrastructures Workshop #9
Creators: name: Stoffers, Huub
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: The 9th European Workshop on HPC Centre Infrastructures was hosted by CINECA and held in Hotel Savoia Regency, in Bologna, Italy, from 1 – 4 May 2018. For this workshop, BSC, CEA, CSCS, LRZ, PDC-KTH, and PSNC have invited CINECA to join the committee that organised and assembled the programme for the workshop.
 The workshop, upon invitation only, was very successful, with 83 participants, coming from Europe, America, and Australia.
 The workshop covered a broad range of topics relevant for HPC Centre Infrastructure management: standards and regulation, energy efficiency strategies, including heat-reuse, total cost of ownership reduction strategies, energy procurement strategies, power provisioning for large infrastructures and its impact on the grid, characteristics, and infrastructural requirements of exascale systems to be expected in the coming years. The workshop brought together experts from the vendor side and experts from the HPC datacentre facility management side. The intention to collectively learn from problems encountered during datacentre operations was fully honoured. Several presentations from datacentre sites gave insightful and unabashed looks into the “kitchen” of their facility management, problems encountered, and the struggles and various solutions tried to overcome these.
 The PRACE closed session, held at the end of the workshop, gathered attendees from PRACE Tier-0 and Tier-1 sites. Several site representatives gave an update on specific datacentre infrastructure developments and there was an update on the European programme for Public Procurement of Innovative Solutions for HPC (PPI4HPC) in which four PRACE Tier-0 partners participate. The PRACE closed session gave the opportunity for exchanges between experts from the assembled PRACE sites.
 The workshop made possible the identification of important trends and assessments on the situation in Europe in terms of best practices in facility management, infrastructure design, and procurement practices for HPC centres.
Novel and self-consistency analysis of the QCD running coupling $α_s(Q)$ in both the perturbative and nonperturbative domains
Creators: name: Yu, Qing
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Huang, Xu-Dong
name: Shen, Jian-Ming
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD coupling $α_s$ is the most important parameter for achieving precise QCD predictions. By using the well measured effective coupling $α^{g_1}_{s}(Q)$ defined from the Bjorken sum rules as a basis, we suggest a novel and self-consistency way to fix the $α_s$ at all scales: The QCD light-front holographic model is adopted for its infrared behavior, and the fixed-order pQCD prediction under the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) is used for its high-energy behavior. Using the PMC scheme-and-scale independent perturbative series, and by transforming it into the one under the physical $V$-scheme, we observe that a precise $α_s$ running behavior in both the perturbative and nonperturbative domains with a smooth transition from small to large scales can be achieved.
description: 6 pages,3 figures
title: Vascular epiphyte diversity and host tree architecture in two forest management types in the Himalaya
Creators: name: Adhikari, Yagya
name: Hoffmann, Samuel
name: Kunwar, Ripu M.
name: Bobrowski, Maria
name: Jentsch, Anke
name: Beierkuhnlein, Carl
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Canopy
subject: Tree architecture
subject: Epiphytes
subject: Forest management
subject: Himalayas
subject: Tree size
subject: 550
subject: 580

description: Epiphytes are one of the most diversified plant life forms, whose species richness peaks in the tropics and subtropics. Here we examined vertical distribution metrics (i.e., number of epiphyte individuals and epiphyte species richness) of vascular epiphytes (i.e., orchids and ferns) on two dominant host trees (i.e., Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. and Quercus lanata Sm.) in sub-tropical forests of Nepal. We sampled a total number of 72 host trees of Q. lanata and S. wallichii from two forest sites: a government protected national park forest and community managed forest. We applied generalized linear mixed models and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests to explain epiphyte diversity by tree architecture (i.e., diameter at breast height, tree height, crown size, number of forks, bark rugosity, bark pH and tree layer), host species and forest management types. After variable selection via multi-model inference technique, we found diameter at breast height to be the most powerful and significant explanatory variable for the number of epiphyte individuals and epiphyte species richness across host tree species, tree layers, and forest management types. Interestingly, epiphyte diversity was on average higher in the community managed forest than in the national park forest, on S. wallichii than on Q. lanata and particularly on the trunk below forks. We conclude that effective conservation of epiphyte diversity in the Nepal Himalaya requires conservation of old-growth host trees through community approaches. If large and old tree stands are maintained, community managed forests can host high diversity of vascular epiphytes and provide ecosystem goods to local people alike.
Quantum speed limit and stability of coherent states in quantum gravity
Creators: name: Liegener, Klaus
name: Rudnicki, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing the program of expectation values in coherent states and its recently developed algorithmic tools, this letter investigates the dynamical properties of cosmological coherent states for Loop Quantum Gravity. To this end, the Quantum Speed Limit is adapted to Quantum Gravity, yielding necessary consistency checks for any proposal of stable families of states. To showcase the strength of the developed tools, they are applied to a prominent model: the Euclidean part of the quantum scalar constraint. We report the variance of this constraint evaluated on a family of coherent states showing that, for short times, this family passes the Quantum Speed Limit test, allowing the transition from one coherent state to another one.
description: 6 pages
Next to SV resummed prediction for pseudoscalar Higgs boson production at NNLO$+\overline{\text{NNLL}}$
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Arunima
name: Kumar, M. C.
name: Mathews, Prakash
name: Ravindran, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results on the resummation of Next-to-Soft Virtual (NSV) logarithms for the threshold production of pseudoscalar Higgs boson through gluon fusion at the LHC. These results are presented after resumming the NSV logarithms of the kind ${\log}^{i}(1-z)$ to $\overline{\text{NNLL}}$ accuracy and matching them systematically to the fixed order NNLO cross-sections. These results are obtained using collinear factorization, renormalization group invariance and recent developments in the NSV resummation techniques. The phenomenological implications of these NSV resummed results for 13 TeV LHC are studied and it is observed that these NSV logarithms are quite large. We also evaluate theory uncertainties and find that the renormalization scale uncertainties get reduced further with the inclusion of NSV corrections at various orders in QCD. We further study the impact of QCD corrections on mixed scalar-pseudoscalar states for different values of the mixing angle $α$.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
D5.3: HPC Infrastructures Workshop #8
Creators: name: Stoffers, Huub
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: The 8th European Workshop on HPC Centre Infrastructures was organised by CSCS and held in Mendrisio, a town near Lugano, Switzerland, between April 5, 2017 – April 7, 2017. BSC, CEA, LRZ, PDC-KTH, and PSNC have collaborated in the committee organising the workshop.
 This workshop, upon invitation only, was very successful, with 75 participants coming from Europe, America, Australia, and Asia.
 The workshop covered a broad range of topics relevant for HPC Centre Infrastructure management: standards and regulations, energy effciency strategies, total cost of ownership reduction strategies, energy storage technologies, and trends in the design as well as procurement procedures for datacentres. The workshop brought together experts from the vendor side and experts from the HPC date centre facility management side. Several presentations from datacentre sites gave an insightful look into the “kitchen” of their facility management, on topics such as oil immersion cooling, and quality control of UPS batteries.
 The PRACE closed session, held at the end of the workshop, gathered attendees from Tier-0 and Tier-1 sites. Six site representatives gave an update on specific datacentre infrastructure developments and there was an update on the PRACE precompetitive programme for HPC architecture prototypes. The session gave the opportunity for exchanges between experts from the PRACE sites.
 The workshop made possible the identification of important trends and assessments on the situation in Europe in terms best practices in facility management, infrastructure design, and facility procurement of HPC centres.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 10.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 13.01.1961, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1961

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Design of Planar and Conformal, Passive, Loss-less Metasurfaces that Beamform
Creators: name: Budhu, Jordan
name: Szymanski, Luke
name: Grbic, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general technique for synthesizing both planar and conformal beamforming metasurfaces is presented that utilizes full-wave modeling techniques and rapid optimization methods. The synthesized metasurfaces consist of a patterned metallic cladding supported by a finite-size grounded dielectric substrate. The metasurfaces are modeled using integral equations which accurately account for mutual coupling and the metasurface's finite dimensions. The synthesis technique consists of three phases: a direct solve phase to obtain an initial metasurface design with complex-valued impedances satisfying the desired far-field beam specifications, a subsequent optimization phase that converts the complex-valued impedances to purely reactive ones, and a final patterning phase to realize the purely reactive impedances as a patterned metallic cladding. The optimization phase introduces surface waves which facilitate passivity. The metasurface is optimized using gradient descent with a semi-analytic gradient obtained using the adjoint variable method. Three examples are presented: a low-profile directly-fed metasurface antenna with near perfect aperture efficiency, a scanned-beam reflectarray design with controlled sidelobes, and a conformal metasurface reflectarray. The far-field and near-field performance of the metasurfaces are verified and the bandwidth and loss tolerance of the metasurfaces are investigated.
Margattea limbata Bey-Bienko 1954
Creators: name: Wang, Jinjin
name: Li, Xinran
name: Wang, Zongqing
name: Che, Yanli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Ectobiidae
Margattea
Margattea limbata

description: 6. Margattea limbata Bey-Bienko, 1954
Fig. 11
Margattea limbata Bey-Bienko, 1954: 9; Wang et al., 2009: 53.
Description. Overall length including tegmen: ♂ 8.0mm; pronotum length × width: ♂ 1.9× 2.6mm; tegmen length: ♂ 6.0mm.
Material examined. 1♀ (holotype), China, Fujian Prov., Shaowu, 650m, 4 July 1937, coll. J. Klapperich (ZIN); 1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 1200m, 10 July 1958, coll. Wang Shuyong (SWU). Distribution. China (Fujian, Yunnan).
description: Published as part of Wang, Jinjin, Li, Xinran, Wang, Zongqing & Che, Yanli, 2014, Four new and three redescribed species of the cockroach genus Margattea Shelford, 1911 (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from China, pp. 31-44 in Zootaxa 3827 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/286474
Random access test as an identifier of nonclassicality
Creators: name: Heinosaari, Teiko
name: Leppäjärvi, Leevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random access codes are an intriguing class of communication tasks that reveal an operational and quantitative difference between classical and quantum information processing. We formulate a natural generalization of random access codes and call them random access tests, defined for any finite collection of measurements in an arbitrary finite dimensional general probabilistic theory. These tests can be used to examine collective properties of collections of measurements. We show that the violation of a classical bound in a random access test is a signature of either measurement incompatibility or super information storability. The polygon theories are exhaustively analyzed and a critical difference between even and odd polygon theories is revealed.
description: Minor corrections; submitted version