Monoxiphia Shinohara & Hara 2021, n. gen.
Creators: name: Shinohara, Akihiko
name: Hara, Hideho
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Xiphydriidae
Monoxiphia

description: Monoxiphia Shinohara & Hara, n. gen.
(Fig. 9 A–C)
Konowia: Shinohara, 2019a: 3; Shinohara, 2019c: 22. In part.
Type species. Konowia harai Shinohara, 2019.
Etymology. From mono, Greek for one, combined with - xiphia, a common suffix used for xiphydriid genera, referring to the simple tarsal claws of all legs. Gender: feminine.
Description. Female: Length without ovipositor 8.0– 12.5 mm. Head capsule entirely black, antenna largely whitish, legs black with mostly pale brown tibiae and tarsi, abdomen black with creamy-white lateral spots on terga 6–8. Malar space broad, with shallow ventral pit; occipital carina (crassa) distinct, almost entire; genal carina developed nearly to vertex but their dorsal ends widely separated from each other; vertex without median longitudinal furrow or row of punctures; vertex and upper part of gena smooth, shiny; frons usually with fine reticulate sculpture. Antenna with 14–17 antennomeres. Labial palpus with 3 palpomeres; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, shorter than labial palpus. Tarsal claws each with blunt basal lobe and without inner tooth. Forewing with cell C narrow, cell 3R1 open at apex anteriorly, crossveins 2r-rs and 3r-m present, crossvein 2r-m usually interstitial with crossvein 2mcu on vein M or nearly so, and vein 1A separated from vein 2A+3A. Hindwing with, cell R1 open at apex anteriorly and crossvein 2r-m present. Valvula 3 (apical sheath) about 0.8–0.9× length of valvifer 2 (basal sheath).
Male: Similar to female. Length 7.5–9.0 mm. Antenna with 14–16 antennomeres. Abdominal sterna 4–8 each with a tuft of long golden hairs in posterior part medially (more conspicuous in lateral view); apical projection of valviceps in genitalia very long (Fig. 9 A–C).
Remarks. Shinohara (2019a) described the type species of this new genus under the genus Konowia, mainly because of its simple tarsal claws. However, considering the large differences in color pattern, head surface microsculpture, presence or absence of the tufts of hairs on abdominal sterna and shape of the penis valve of the male, we now believe that Konowia harai should represent a new genus separate from Konowia. Monoxiphia is easily separated from all the other xiphydriid genera, except Konowia and Eoxiphia as noted above, by the simple tarsal claws of all legs. Monoxiphia differs from Konowia in the antennae and abdomen marked with creamy white, the vertex and upper part of gena smooth and shiny, the male abdominal sterna 4–8 each with a tuft of long golden hairs in posterior part medially (more conspicuous in lateral view), and the apical projection of the valviceps in the male genitalia very long (Fig. 9 A–C). The females have 14–17 antennomeres and the males have 14–16 antennomeres. In the wing venation, Monoxiphia is similar to Xiphydria in that the forewing has a crossvein 3r-m and the vein 1A separated from the vein 2A+3A and the hindwing has a crossvein 2r-m. Konowia has the antennae and abdomen without creamy-white areas, the vertex and gena largely covered with distinct surface microsculpture, with only narrow smooth and shiny areas, the male abdominal sterna without tufts of long golden hairs, and the apical projection of the valviceps in the male genitalia rather short (Figs 9 D–F, 10). There are 12–15 antennomeres in the females and 13–15 antennomeres in the males. The forewing has the vein 2A+3A often fused with the vein 1A and the hindwing usually lacks a crossvein 2r-m. Eoxiphia is a little known monotypic genus from Peru, differing from Monoxiphia by the richly whitish-yellow color pattern, six maxillary palpomeres (labial palp unknown) and 23 antennomeres (Konow 1899, 1901 –1905; see Smith 1988, for more discussion).
description: Published as part of Shinohara, Akihiko & Hara, Hideho, 2021, Konowia Brauns, 1884, and Monoxiphia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) Palaearctic woodwasps with simple tarsal claws on all legs, pp. 565-587 in Zootaxa 4920 (4) on pages 570-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4491268