cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the state of Australian multiculturalism and the emerging multicultural debate in Australia 2005
Creators: name: Lopez, Mark
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Mark Lopez, whose volume The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics examines the beginning of multiculturalism in Australia, here examines the contemporary dilemmas challenging multiculturalism produced by Islamic fundamentalism and the threat of terrorism. Pagination on item is incorrect Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Boy for you and a girl for me: do men want sons and women want daughters?
Creators: name: Gray, Edith
name: Kippen, Rebecca
name: Evans, Ann
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Survey data show that more than 60 per cent of Australian couples yet to have a first child say that the child’s sex does not matter. Of the minority who do express a preference most would prefer a son, though men more so than women. Where couples have one child and want another, most still say that the sex of the next child does not matter, though parents who already have a daughter are more likely to want a son than are those who already have a son to want a daughter. Where couples have two children and want a third, parents who have two children of the same sex are more likely to want a child of the opposite sex than are those who already have one son and one daughter. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
MAD Bayes for Tumor Heterogeneity—Feature Allocation With Exponential Family Sampling
Creators: name: Xu, Yanxun
name: Müller, Peter
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Gulukota, Kamalakar
name: Ji, Yuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose small-variance asymptotic approximations for inference on tumor heterogeneity (TH) using next-generation sequencing data. Understanding TH is an important and open research problem in biology. The lack of appropriate statistical inference is a critical gap in existing methods that the proposed approach aims to fill. We build on a hierarchical model with an exponential family likelihood and a feature allocation prior. The proposed implementation of posterior inference generalizes similar small-variance approximations proposed by Kulis and Jordan and Broderick, Kulis, and Jordan for inference with Dirichlet process mixture and Indian buffet process prior models under normal sampling. We show that the new algorithm can successfully recover latent structures of different haplotypes and subclones and is magnitudes faster than available Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers. The latter are practically infeasible for high-dimensional genomics data. The proposed approach is scalable, easy to implement, and benefits from the flexibility of Bayesian nonparametric models. More importantly, it provides a useful tool for applied scientists to estimate cell subtypes in tumor samples. R code is available on http://www.ma.utexas.edu/users/yxu/. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
MAD Bayes for Tumor Heterogeneity – Feature Allocation with Exponential Family Sampling
Creators: name: Xu, Yanxun
name: Müller, Peter
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Gulukota, Kamalakar
name: Ji, Yuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose small-variance asymptotic approximations for inference on tumor heterogeneity (TH) using next-generation sequencing data. Understanding TH is an important and open research problem in biology. The lack of appropriate statistical inference is a critical gap in existing methods that the proposed approach aims to fill. We build on a hierarchical model with an exponential family likelihood and a feature allocation prior. The proposed implementation of posterior inference generalizes similar small-variance approximations proposed by Kulis and Jordan (2012) and Broderick et.al (2012b) for inference with Dirichlet process mixture and Indian buffet process prior models under normal sampling. We show that the new algorithm can successfully recover latent structures of different haplotypes and subclones and is magnitudes faster than available Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers. The latter are practically infeasible for high-dimensional genomics data. The proposed approach is scalable, easy to implement and benefits from the flexibility of Bayesian nonparametric models. More importantly, it provides a useful tool for applied scientists to estimate cell subtypes in tumor samples. R code is available on http://www.ma.utexas.edu/users/yxu/.
Beyond Cairo: changing directions for population policies in the Asia-pacific region
Creators: name: Jones, Gavin W.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The 1994 Cairo conference on population and development decided that programs designed to reduce fertility should change their emphasis from family planning to improving women’s health. For some advocates, fertility reduction was a minor (even suspect) goal compared to the enhancement of women’s rights. For others, the reproductive-health approach was judged a more humane, and ultimately more effective, way of reducing fertility. Gavin Jones evaluates these arguments and considers their probable impact on population policy in the Asia-Pacific region. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Population and business in metropolitan non-metropolitan Australia: the experience of the past decade
Creators: name: O'Connor, Kevin
name: Stimson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The location of population and business activity in Australia is a critical influence on a range of environmental, economic and social outcomes. This paper provides insight on recent trends, showing that the major urban areas continue to have a strong role in the settlement pattern. This outcome is compared to recent research in the US. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Transnational citizenship: multiplicity of rights, responsibilities and opportunities
Creators: name: Fedi, Marco
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Italy's citizenship laws are moving towards jus soli for migrants to Italy and to accommodate dual citizenship for people of Italian origin living abroad. MPs elected from abroad have made Italy governable and fuelled interest in transnational citizenship. This gives social, political and cultural dimensions to the concept of globalisation which has hitherto been dominated by economics. This is a positive change. The only threat to democracy comes not from transnational citizenship but from an excessive concern with the national interest. Includes an introduction by Katharine Betts written for the three articles:

 Hugo, G.; Defining Australia's national population in the era of globalisation. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 26-33

Carli, C.; Italian citizenship and the transcending of territory. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 34-36

Fedi, M.; Transnational citizenship: multiplicity of rights, responsibilities and opportunities. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 37-39 Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Population ageing and employment surge among older Australian workers
Creators: name: Healy, Ernest
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Over the past ten years labour-force participation rates and employment rates for people aged 55 and over have increased. During the last year from March 2008 to March 2009 employment rates for young people fell but those of the 55 and over group continued to rise. The data show that older people’s growing participation in the labour force is a long-term trend and one that runs counter to alarmist talk about the effects of an ageing population on the size and skills of the labour force. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Why no action on engineering training?
Creators: name: Birrell, Bob
name: Sheridan, John
name: Rapson, Virginia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Severe shortages of professional engineers are now evident in Australia. Yet the Australian Government has shown no interest in expanding domestic training levels. The reasons for this inaction include a lack of awareness that there has been no increase in the training of domestic engineering students since the Coalition came to power in 1996 and unrealistic expectations that migrant engineers can fill the gap. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Medicare plus and overseas-trained medical doctors
Creators: name: Birrell, Bob
name: Hawthorne, Lesleyanne
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Until the late 1990s the Australian Government’s medical workforce policy focussed on limiting reliance on overseas trained doctors (OTDs). Since that time the reverse policy has been instituted. As a result, by 2004 there was a heavy reliance on temporary entry OTDs in areas of medicine that locally trained doctors were reluctant to service. The introduction of Medicare Plus in mid-2004 has been accompanied by additional initiatives to increase OTD recruitment. This article explores the implications of these policy developments. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The new intergenerational report's population projection and the uncertainty of Australia's demographic future
Creators: name: Wilson, Tom
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Recently it was announced that the population projection to be included as part of the next Intergenerational Report places Australia’s population at a little over 35 million by 2049. Much media discussion has followed this announcement, a great deal of it concentrating on how the nation should plan for this coming population growth. A number of commentators, at least implicitly, appear to accept the projection as the true population of Australia at mid-century. This paper argues that the size of Australia’s population in 40 years time is in fact subject to considerable uncertainty. It provides some indications of the magnitude of this uncertainty, outlines reasons why it exists, and recommends the use of probabilistic methods for future projections. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The law and the management of Australian immigration
Creators: name: Betts, Katharine
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Two new reports document the growing role of migration advisers, lawyers and the courts in Australian immigration, as well as the conflict between the judiciary and the executive over immigration control. One consequence of this conflict is that some foreigners now have a legal right to immigrate. Foreigners continue to be able to draw on legal aid to enforce this right and the Attorney General's Department does not record the costs. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Welfare payments and New Zealand migration: myth and reality
Creators: name: Rapson, Virginia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There has been much concern about the level of social welfare payments reputedly received by New Zealanders in Australia. Analysis of these payments shows that the recent renegotiation of the Australia and New Zealand Social Security Agreement will shift much of the financial burden to the New Zealand Government. Recent migration patterns show increasing shares of non-New Zealand-born persons and older persons amongst the New Zealand citizens arriving in Australia. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The interTwin project:  Building and Managing Scientific Digital Twins
Creators: name: Manzi, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The Horizon Europe interTwin project is developing a highly generic yet powerful Digital Twin Engine (DTE) to support interdisciplinary Digital Twins (DT). Comprising thirty-one high-profile scientific partner institutions, the project brings together infrastructure providers, technology providers, and DT use cases from Climate Research and Environmental Monitoring, High Energy and AstroParticle Physics, and Radio Astronomy. This group of experts enables the co-design of the DTE Blueprint Architecture and the prototype platform benefiting end users like scientists and policymakers but also DT developers. It achieves this by significantly simplifying the process of creating and managing complex Digital Twins workflows.

As part of our contribution, we'll share the latest updates on our project, including the DTE Blueprint Architecture, whose latest version will be under finalisation in Q4/2024. The contribution will also cover the status of the DT use cases we currently support and describe the software components of the DTE focusing on the activities of the Spanish and Portuguese partners in the project.
The resurgence of marvellous Melbourne revisited : trends in population distribution in Victoria, 1996 to 2001
Creators: name: O'Leary, John
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Both Melbourne and regional Victoria’s populations are growing strongly. Both grew by more than one per cent in the year ending 30 June 2002. During the 1996 to 2001 period the population of Melbourne continued to grow faster than that of regional Victoria. The contribution of natural increase to population growth declined. However, both overseas migration and interstate migration contributed strongly to Victoria’s population growth. Rather than losing population to the other States and Territories, Victoria is now gaining population through interstate migration. However, based on 2001 Census data, regional Victoria lost population through interstate migration during the 1996 to 2001 period. Regional Victoria gained population through net migration from Melbourne. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Transcriptome of pleuropodia from locust embryos supports that these organs produce enzymes enabling the larva to hatch.
Creators: name: Konopová, Barbora
name: Buchberger, Elisa
name: Crisp, Alastair
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Embryo
Orthoptera
Ecdysone
Cuticle
Immunity
Gland
Rna-seq
Schistocerca Gregaria
Appendage
Moulting Fluid

description: Background:Pleuropodia are limb-derived glandular organs that transiently appear on the first abdominal segment in embryos of insects from majority of "orders". They are missing in the genetic model Drosophila and little is known about them. Experiments carried out on orthopteran insects 80 years ago indicated that the pleuropodia secrete a "hatching enzyme" that digests the serosal cuticle to enable the larva to hatch, but evidence by state-of-the-art molecular methods is missing. Results:We used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to identify the genes expressed in the pleuropodia of the locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera). First, using transmission electron microscopy we studied the development of the pleuropodia during 11 stages of the locust embryogenesis. We show that the glandular cells differentiate and start secreting just before the definitive dorsal closure of the embryo and the secretion granules outside the cells become more abundant prior to hatching. Next, we generated a comprehensive embryonic reference transcriptome for the locust and used it to study genome wide gene expression across ten morphologicaly defined stages of the pleuropodia. We show that when the pleuropodia have morphological markers of functional organs and produce secretion, they are primarily enriched in transcripts associated with transport functions. They express genes encoding enzymes capable of digesting cuticular protein and chitin. These include the potent cuticulo-lytic Chitinase 5, whose transcript rises just before hatching. Unexpected finding was the enrichment in transcripts for immunity-related enzymes. This indicates that the pleuropodia are equipped with epithelial immunity similarly as barrier epithelia in postembryonic stages. Conclusions:These data provide transcriptomic support for the historic hypothesis that pleuropodia produce cuticle-degrading enzymes and function in hatching. They may also have other functions, such as facilitation of embryonic immune defense. By the genes that they express the pleuropodia are specialized embryonic organs and apparently an important though neglected part of insect physiology.
The recognition of n-alkyl phosphonic or carboxylic acid by mono-squaramide-functionalised pillar[5]arenes
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoning
name: Wu, Xuan
name: Zhang, Man
name: Lin, Chen
name: Jin, Can
name: Jiang, Juli
name: Wang, Leyong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: : The synthesis of a novel mono-squaramide-functionalised pillar[5]arene 1a is reported, by which n-hexylphosphonic acid (HPA) or n-heptanoic acid (HA) could be recognised. The results of 1H NMR titration, Job Plot, ESI-MS and 2D NMR experiments reveal that 1a forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with HPA and HA, respectively, and its association constants (log K/M− 1) with HPA and HA are determined to be 3.83 ± 0.05 and 1.98 ± 0.04, respectively, suggesting much stronger binding ability of 1a with HPA over HA. To compare with 1a, 1b with the electron-withdrawing group (CF3) on the phenyl ring of squaramide moiety is synthesised as well, which shows the similar selective binding ability for HPA and HA but with a little stronger binding ability than 1a.
Temporary-entry migration: balancing corporate rights and Australian work opportunities
Creators: name: Kinnaird, Bob
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The former Labor government's new policy on the temporary entry of key business personnel involves unprecedented levels of deregulation. From July 1996, individual firms will have greatly increased rights to employ foreign nationals in Australia. Provisions for monitoring the effects of this policy are inadequate. The employment rights of Australians will depend on employers' willingness to behave as good corporate citizens. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
New coumarin derivative from Euphorbia wallichii
Creators: name: Xu, Wen-Hui
name: Shen, Yun-Heng
name: Liang, Qian
name: Zhao, Ping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: One new coumarin derivative (1) and two known compounds, quercetin (2) and glyceraldehyde (3) have been isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia wallichii. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR and ESI-MS) and by comparison with data reported in the literature. This is the first isolation of dihydrocoumarin (1) from the genus of Euphorbia.
Biotin proximity tagging favours unfolded proteins and enables the study of intrinsically disordered regions.
Creators: name: Minde, David-Paul
name: Ramakrishna, Manasa
name: Lilley, Kathryn S
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) are enriched in disease-linked proteins known to have multiple post-translational modifications, but there is limited in vivo information about how locally unfolded protein regions contribute to biological functions. We reasoned that IDRs should be more accessible to targeted in vivo biotinylation than ordered protein regions, if they retain their flexibility in human cells. Indeed, we observed increased biotinylation density in predicted IDRs in several cellular compartments >20,000 biotin sites from four proximity proteomics studies. We show that in a biotin 'painting' time course experiment, biotinylation events in Escherichia coli ribosomes progress from unfolded and exposed regions at 10 s, to structured and less accessible regions after five minutes. We conclude that biotin proximity tagging favours sites of local disorder in proteins and suggest the possibility of using biotin painting as a method to gain unique insights into in vivo condition-dependent subcellular plasticity of proteins.
International migration and the growth of households in Sydney
Creators: name: McDonald, Peter
name: Temple, Jeromey
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The focus of attention on the current housing bubble has led to calls for a cut to Australia’s international migration intake as a solution to the problem. Beyond the short-term, there have also been calls to cut international migration or to direct it away from Sydney as a means of relieving Sydney’s ‘population problem’. This paper provides the results of a new method for projecting households at a regional level in Australia. The projections are applied to Sydney over the period 2001-2016 and make use of five varying scenarios related to future migration levels. The conclusion is drawn that reasonable variations in future levels of migration have almost no effect on the number of households in the first five years (to 2006), very little effect in the first 15 years (to 2016) and some effect over a 30 year period. Thus, immigration policy is an extremely blunt instrument to apply to a short-term, housing bubble. Even in the longer term, reasonable variations in immigration policy would have only a relatively small impact on reducing the growth of households in Sydney. Future growth of the number of households in Sydney is driven primarily by the unstoppable ageing of its population. Thus, Sydney does not have a population problem so much as a planning problem. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
A Mobile Phone App for the Generation and Characterization of Motor Habits.
Creators: name: Banca, Paula
name: McNamee, Daniel
name: Piercy, Thomas
name: Luo, Qiang
name: Robbins, Trevor W
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Extinction
Habit
Automaticity
Skill
Motor Sequence Learning
Routine
Preparation Time
Sequence Completion Times

description: Habits are a powerful route to efficiency; the ability to constantly shift between goal-directed and habitual strategies, as well as integrate them into behavioral output, is key to optimal performance in everyday life. When such ability is impaired, it may lead to loss of control and to compulsive behavior. Habits have successfully been induced and investigated in rats using methods such as overtraining stimulus-response associations and outcome devaluation, respectively. However, such methods have ineffectively measured habits in humans because (1) human habits usually involve more complex sequences of actions than in rats and (2) of pragmatic impediments posed by the extensive time (weeks or even months), it may take for routine habits to develop. We present here a novel behavioral paradigm-a mobile-phone app methodology-for inducing and measuring habits in humans during their everyday schedule and environment. It assumes that practice is key to achieve automaticity and proficiency and that the use of a hierarchical sequence of actions is the best strategy for capturing the cognitive mechanisms involved in habit formation (including "chunking") and consolidation. The task is a gamified self-instructed and self-paced app on a mobile phone that enables subjects to learn and practice two sequences of finger movements, composed of chords and single presses. It involves a step-wise learning procedure in which subjects begin responding to a visual and auditory cued sequence by generating responses on the screen using four fingers. Such cues progressively disappear throughout 1 month of training, enabling the subject ultimately to master the motor skill involved. We present preliminary data for the acquisition of motor sequence learning in 29 healthy individuals, each trained over a month period. We demonstrate an asymptotic improvement in performance, as well as its automatic nature. We also report how people integrate the task into their daily routine, the development of motor precision throughout training, and the effect of intermittent reinforcement and reward extinction in habit preservation. The findings help to validate this "real world" app for measuring human habits.
Dark victory or circuit breaker : Australia and the international refugee system post tampa
Creators: name: Millbank, Adrienne
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Australia's Tampa and post-Tampa initiatives, Operation Relex and the Pacific Solution, have been described as representing national moral crisis. Alternatively, they can be seen as symptoms of a crisis in an increasingly dysfunctional international asylum system. Critics in Australia have deplored the Government's tough actions as racist, opportunistic and inhumane. However some overseas observers have applauded Australia's new policy directions for decoupling immigration aspirations from refugee protection. Should this decoupling succeed, it could allow the international community to help larger numbers of refugees more effectively. A range of initiatives are now being taken by other governments and organisations, including the UNHCR, to implement policies similar to Australia's. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Lure of permanent residence and the aspirations and expectations of international students studying accounting in Australia
Creators: name: Jackling, Beverley
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Australian government policy directs international students to study particular types of disciplines where skill shortages have been identified. This paper examines the outcomes with respect to international accounting students aspiring to gain employment in Australia in accounting. The study includes a survey of international students undertaking a second-year accounting unit at a Melbourne-based university together with feedback from a small number of employers of accounting graduates. The results show that 84 per cent of the international students in the sample intended to seek permanent residency (PR) in Australia and viewed the study of accounting as a means of helping them meet the requirements for PR status. Although most indicated that they intended to seek employment in the accounting field on graduation, the feedback from employers suggests that generally international accounting graduates are not sufficiently ‘work ready’ to be considered for graduate employment. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Out-marriage and the survival of ethnic communities in Australia
Creators: name: Birrell, Bob
name: Healy, Ernest
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Marriage Registry data covering the years 1996 to 1998 for second-generation Australians show that only a small minority choose partners who originate from the same country. This implies that there is little prospect of ethnic communities being reproduced across successive generations. The main exception concerns people from the Middle East. There is not sufficient evidence at this time to judge whether second generation persons of Asian origin will follow the Middle Eastern pattern. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The shift to long working hours: a social and political crisis in the making
Creators: name: Healy, Ernest
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: It is commonly believed that the labour market is becoming polarised. Many people work fewer hours than a ‘standard working week’ of 35 to 44 hours and would like to work more while others work much longer hours. More attention is paid to the former group than to the latter because commentators tend to believe that their situation is more problematic. During the period 1986-87 to 1998-99 the proportion of the labour force working long hours (45+) increased far more than the proportion working fewer than 35 hours. This trend was particularly marked for older men and to a lesser degree for older married women. In 1998-99, more than 47 per cent of men in the labour-force aged 45-54 worked for longer than the standard working week, compared to just under 36 per cent in 1986-87. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The antibacterial mechanism of berberine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Creators: name: Kang, Shuai
name: Li, Zhengwen
name: Yin, Zhongqiong
name: Jia, Renyong
name: Song, Xu
name: Li, Li
name: Chen, Zhenzhen
name: Peng, Lianci
name: Qu, Jing
name: Hu, Zhiqiang
name: Lai, Xin
name: Wang, Guangxi
name: Liang, Xiaoxia
name: He, Changliang
name: Yin, lizi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: This study demonstrated berberine to be a potential natural compound against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Liquid doubling dilution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SDS-PAGE and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were employed to elucidate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of berberine. The minimal inhibitory concentration of berberine was 0.3125 mg/mL, and time–kill curves showed concentration and time dependence. The TEM micrographs displayed damaged cell wall, concentrated cytoplasm, cytoplasmic content leakage and cell death. SDS-PAGE and DAPI assays revealed that berberine can restrain DNA and protein syntheses. Berberine inhibited the synthesis of proteins associated with the growth and cleavage of bacteria and then blocked the division and development of bacteria. The compound ultimately induced cytoplasm pyknosis and bacterial death.
Mortality patterns of urban, rural and remote populations in Northern Australia
Creators: name: Mathers, Colin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There has recently been a movement of Aboriginals to outlying settlements. This article, which is a revised version of a paper given at the North Australia Statistics Workshop in Darwin, May 17-19, examines the patterns of mortality in remote Aboriginal communities and compares these with rates for other locations in Australia's northern regions. The results indicate mortality rates several times higher in remote Aboriginal settlements than elsewhere in the north in Australia as a whole. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Low fertility among women graduates
Creators: name: Franklin, James
name: Tueno, Sarah Chee
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: James Franklin is Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of New South Wales and Sarah Chee Tueno is a graduate of the University of New South Wales. Australian women who are university graduates have fewer children than non-graduates. In most cases this appears to be the result of circumstantial pressures not preference. Long years of study fill the most fertile years of women students and new graduates need further time to establish their careers. The chance of medical infertility increases with age so, for some, this means that childbearing is not postponed but ruled out. Graduates who do make the transition from university to professional work find that working hours are long and that professional occupations are now both highly demanding and insecure. Women who take time off to care for young children must depend on one insecure income (their partner’s) rather than two, and their return to work is uncertain. These difficulties of time, money and insecurity are compounded by problems in finding a suitable partner. They are magnified by the enduring tendency of women to marry up. Thus it can be more difficult for women graduates to find husbands than it is for women who are non-graduates. ERRATUM: page 44, at the end of the sentance; Many of these career-orientated women are willing to spend up to $US9,600 taking courses on how to find a partner. There should be endnote 43 which reads; S.A. Hewlett, Creating a Life: Professional Women and the Quest for Children, Miramax, New York, 2002 Also on page 44, at the end of the sentance; We have argued elsewhere that there are some prospects of raising graduate fertility through carefully targeted policies to reduce financial risk of childbearing, such as cancellation of the HECS debts of childbearers and paying a living wage to postgraduate research students. There should b e endnote 44 which reads; J. Franklin and S.C. Tueno, ‘Graduate and childless’, Quadrant, vol. 47, no. 7/8, July/Aug, 2003, 52-55; similar in N.O. Jackson, ‘The Higher Education Contribution Scheme — a HECS on the family?’ in G. Carmichael and A. Dharmalingam (Eds), Populations of New Zealand and Australia at the Millennium, special issue of Journal of Population Research, 2002, pp. 105-120 Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Defining Australia's national population in the era of globalisation
Creators: name: Hugo, Graeme
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In an era of increasing mobility and multiple citizenship, how should we define Australia’s population? The author presents a demographer’s view of the Australian diaspora and how it might be measured. He also argues that Australia should develop a diaspora policy. Includes an introduction by Katharine Betts written for the three articles:

 Hugo, G.; Defining Australia's national population in the era of globalisation. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 26-33

Carli, C.; Italian citizenship and the transcending of territory. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 34-36

Fedi, M.; Transnational citizenship: multiplicity of rights, responsibilities and opportunities. People and Place. 2006; 14(4): 37-39 Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Host–guest interactions of thiabendazole with normal and modified cucurbituril: 1H NMR, phase solubility and antifungal activity studies
Creators: name: Liu, Qing
name: Tang, Qing
name: Xi, Yun-Yun
name: Huang, Ying
name: Xiao, Xin
name: Tao, Zhu
name: Xue, Sai-Feng
name: Zhu, Qian-Jiang
name: Zhang, Jian-Xin
name: Wei, Gang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: Guest–host inclusion complexes between thiabendazole (TBZ) and cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), symmetrical tetra-methylcucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) and meta-hexamethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HMeQ[6]) in aqueous solution were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and phase solubility studies. The antifungal activities of the inclusion complexes were also determined. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra revealed that the host Q[7] selectively binds the benzimidazole ring moiety of the guest molecule and that the thiazole ring is encapsulated into the cavities of TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6]. Phase solubility diagrams were analysed using rigorous procedures to obtain estimates of the complex formation constants for Q[n]-TBZ complexation. The phase solubility studies showed that TBZ solubility increased as a function of Q[7], TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6] concentrations. We found that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] increased the inhibitory effect of TBZ on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. Our results thus demonstrate that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] could be used to improve the solubility and antifungal activity of TBZ.
Fertility, migration, and the ageing of the population: an analysis of the official projections
Creators: name: Betts, Katharine
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: As we move through the demographic transition, an older age structure is inevitable but future possible scenarios vary. Official Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) population projections for Australia show that, depending on varying assumptions for fertility and migration, the population in 2051 could be large and growing or the same size as it is today and declining. But an analysis of these same projections confirms earlier work which finds that migration has a minimal effect on the age structure. The paper analyses nine different population projections produced by the ABS, four in 1996 and five in 1998. The highest projection (fertility 1.85 and net migration 100,000) adds an extra ten million people by the year 2051 while the lowest (fertility 1.6 and nil net migration) adds none. This is a dramatic difference. But the effects of different fertility and migration assumptions on the median age in 2051 are also marked; changes in fertility have a strong effect while changes in migration have a weak effect. The projection which produces the lowest median age in 2051 for the least ‘cost’ in extra people added is the series which holds fertility at 1.85 and net migration at zero. Previous work shows that replacement fertility and nil net migration would be even more effective than this series. However, this combination of assumptions has not been used by the ABS. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Evolution of Protanancus (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in East Asia
Creators: name: Wang, Shiqi
name: Deng, Tao
name: Tang, Tao
name: Xie, Guangpu
name: Zhang, Yuguang
name: Wang, Duoqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: ABSTRACT—Interspecific competition and species replacement explain many evolutionary successions, but these processes are difficult to test. According to recent paleontological research, amebelodontines were predominant proboscideans in faunas of the early to middle Miocene of East Asia. In addition to the abundant Platybelodon, other amebelodontines are known, but they have been largely neglected by researchers. Here we describe two species of Protanancus, Pr. tobieni and Pr. brevirostris, sp. nov., from China. The former was present during the middle Miocene in Tongxin and Qin’an and was previously attributed to Amebelodon or Serbelodon; the latter was present during the early Miocene in the Linxia Basin. Cladistic analysis indicates that the two species appear to represent primitive members of Protanancus. However, the phylogenetic relationship among Protanancus, Platybelodon, and Amebelodon remains unresolved because of their strong parallel evolution. Our study suggests intensive competition between Protanancus and Platybelodon based on similarities in their mandibular morphologies and dental microwear patterns, with the former genus disappearing from East Asia by the late middle Miocene. This scenario is supported by a mechanical model, in which lower tusks with dentinal tubules, as occur in Platybelodon, show greater resistance to the adverse effects of both a heavy load and abrasion than those with concentric laminae, present in Protanancus. The model aids in interpreting the evolution of the inner structure of the lower tusks of amebelodontines, which may have provided a competitive advantages for these species.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4D33BD71-CB05-4058-B9DD-337060B0B7CBSUPPLEMENTAL DATA——Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
European integration and immigration control: the Schengen agreement
Creators: name: De Bresson, Henri
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The implementation of the Schengen agreement among seven of the 15 member nations of the European Union marks a new stage in European integration. But freer movement between the seven is marked by tighter controls at their common external border. The following articles indicate the French newspaper Le Monde's view of how these controls will work. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Birthplace origins of Australia’s immigrants
Creators: name: Betts, Katharine
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The birthplace origins of Australia’s migrants have changed; in the 1960s most came from Britain and Europe. In the late 1970s this pattern began to shift and countries in Asia and the Middle East started to become more important sources. In 2002 the proportion of net permanent and long-term migrants who had been born in Asia was just under 72 per cent, and the proportion from the Middle East and North Africa was just over seven per cent. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Evolution of Protoanancus (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in East Asia
Creators: name: Wang, Shiqi
name: Deng, Tao
name: Tang, Tao
name: Xie, Guangpu
name: Zhang, Yuguang
name: Wang, Duoqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: ABSTRACT—Interspecific competition and species replacement explain many evolutionary successions, but these processes are difficult to test. According to recent paleontological research, amebelodontines were predominant proboscideans in faunas of the early to middle Miocene of East Asia. In addition to the abundant Platybelodon, other amebelodontines are known, but they have been largely neglected by researchers. Here we describe two species of Protanancus, Pr. tobieni and Pr. brevirostris, sp. nov., from China. The former was present during the middle Miocene in Tongxin and Qin’an and was previously attributed to Amebelodon or Serbelodon; the latter was present during the early Miocene in the Linxia Basin. Cladistic analysis indicates that the two species appear to represent primitive members of Protanancus. However, the phylogenetic relationship among Protanancus, Platybelodon, and Amebelodon remains unresolved because of their strong parallel evolution. Our study suggests intensive competition between Protanancus and Platybelodon based on similarities in their mandibular morphologies and dental microwear patterns, with the former genus disappearing from East Asia by the late middle Miocene. This scenario is supported by a mechanical model, in which lower tusks with dentinal tubules, as occur in Platybelodon, show greater resistance to the adverse effects of both a heavy load and abrasion than those with concentric laminae, present in Protanancus. The model aids in interpreting the evolution of the inner structure of the lower tusks of amebelodontines, which may have provided a competitive advantages for these species.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4D33BD71-CB05-4058-B9DD-337060B0B7CBSUPPLEMENTAL DATA——Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
Religious residential concentrations in Australia
Creators: name: Bouma, Gary
name: Hughes, Phillip
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Data from the 1996 Census are examined at postcode level to determine whether there exist in Australia significant locations of religious residential concentration. No postcode was discovered to have more than sixty per cent of any religious group; no minority religious group was discovered to make up more than forty per cent of any postcode. Comparisons of 1986, 1991 and 1996 census data at the Statistical Local Area (SLA) level provide mixed evidence regarding the trends in religious residential concentrations. A variety of factors shape the formation of religious residential concentrations of which religion is only one. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Attitudinal divergence in a Melbourne region of high immigrant concentration: a case study
Creators: name: Markus, Andrew
name: Dharmalingham, Arunachalam
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Dingley Village and Springvale are two suburbs in South-Eastern Melbourne that are geographically close but socially distinct. The first contains high proportions of relatively affluent Australia-born residents, and the second high proportions of less-affluent overseas-born residents, amongst whom the Viet Nam-born constitute the largest birthplace group. This article draws on survey data to chart the differing attitudes of Australia- and Viet Nam-born people in the two suburbs to immigration and ethnic diversity since the early 1990s. While the data show support for non-discriminatory selection policies, many respondents are opposed to current levels of immigration and to aspects of multiculturalism. However, attitudes diverge widely between the two suburbs and the Australia-born are not as concerned about immigration issues as they were in the late 1990s. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
The effect of iodide on the synthesis of gold nanoprisms
Creators: name: Sun, Mojie
name: Ran, Guangjun
name: Fu, Qiang
name: Xu, Weilin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: It has been known that the iodide (I−) anions are necessary for the production of high-quality Au nanoprisms. Based on a previously reported seed-mediated synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms, herein, we further optimised the synthesis process by varying the concentration of added NaI and seeds, respectively, to get high-quality (size-monodisperse, tip-sharp and purity-high) Au nanoprisms. The results show that the ratio between the concentration of I− and seeds is a very sensitive parameter to control the quality (size-monodispersity, tip-sharpness and purity) of Au nanoprisms.
Intermarriage by religion in Australia
Creators: name: Heard, Genevieve
name: Khoo, Siew-Ean
name: Birrell, Bob
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Intermarriage between adherents of different religious affiliations is increasing in Australia. However, most intermarriage occurs between the various Christian denominations. Intermarriage between different faiths remains negligible, but is likely to increase over time as successive generations of migrant descent are exposed to the religious diversity and the forces of secularisation at play in Australia. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Economic prosperity and subjective well-being: comparing the aged in Australia and urban China
Creators: name: Saunders, Peter
name: Lujuin, Sun
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The literature on the relationship between per capita income and life satisfaction indicates there is only marginal correlation between the two. This article explores measures of life satisfaction amongst persons aged 60+ in China and Australia where there is a vast gulf in per capita income. On most of the measures examined, the Chinese indicate similar levels of life satisfaction to their richer Australian counterparts. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s