cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pandava ganga Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Almeida-Silva, Lina M.
name: Griswold, Charles E.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Titanoecidae
Pandava
Pandava ganga

description: Pandava ganga sp. nov.
Fig. 99–100
Type material. Holotype female from Mysore, 10 mi North of Belgaum (elev. 800m), Karnataka, India, 15.II.1962, E. S. Ross and D. Q. Cavagnaro, deposited in CAS (CASENT9025946) and paratype female from Maharashtra, Bhimashankar (19º4'N, 73º32'N), India, 1–5.II.1990, V. & B. Roth, deposited in IBSP (156977). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of the Hindu Goddess of the Ganges River.
Diagnosis. Females of Pandava ganga can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the completely membranous median field of the epigynum (Fig. 99) and by the few elongated spermathecae (Fig. 100).
Description. Female (holotype). Coloration: carapace brown, cephalic area, endites, chelicerae and anterior portion of the sternum dark brown. Legs brown. Abdomen beige. Total length 6.56. Carapace 2.81 long; 2.04 wide. Clypeus 0.17 high. Abdomen 4.06 long; 2.84 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10; ALE 0.15; PME 0.10; PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.10; AME–ALE 0.16; PME–PME 0.17; PME–PLE 0.30; AME–PME 0.14; ALE–PLE 0.05. Chelicerae 1.27 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.35/ patella 1.00/ tibia 2.15/ metatarsus 2.00/ tarsus 0.96/ total 8.46; II: 2.25/ 1.00/ 1.76/ 1.60/ 0.76/ 7.37; III: 1.88/ 0.84/ 1.48/ 1.28/ 0.70/ 6.18; IV: 2.38/ 1.00/ 2.10/ 1.75/ 0.75/ 7.98. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: femur I and II: p1ap; tibia I: v1 r-2ap, p0-1-0-1; II: v1 r-1r or 0-2, p0-1; III: p1ap, r1ap; metatarsus I: v2-2 - 1m; p1ap, r1ap; II: v2-2 - 1m; p1ap, r1ap; III: v2-2 - 1m, p0-1-2ap, 1ap; IV: v2-1 p-1, p1ap, r1ap. Distally curved setae on tibia IV. Epigynal rims almost contiguous, resembling a bridge and far from the copulatory openings (Fig. 100).
Male. Unknown.
Variation. Length (4 females): total: 6.56–7.20; carapace 2.81–2.88; femur I: 2.35–2.38. Geographical distribution. Índia: Maharashtra, Orissa and Karnataka. Additional material examined. INDIA. Karnataka. Mysore, 12 mi East of Virajpet (elev. 850m),
24.II.1962, E. S. Ross, D. Q. Cavagnaro (CASENT 9036898, 1Ψ); Orissa. 8 mi Northwest of Koraput (elev.
775m), 2.II.1962 (CASENT9025989, 1Ψ).
description: Published as part of Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010, Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa, pp. 30-56 in Zootaxa 2630 on pages 50-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276087
Cephennodes (Cephennodes) glabella Castellini
Creators: name: Jałoszyński, Paweł
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scydmaenidae
Cephennodes
Cephennodes glabella

description: Cephennodes (Cephennodes) glabella Castellini
(Figs 7–8, 19–20)
Cephennodes glabella Castellini, 2007: 227, figs 1–2.
Material studied (12 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀): 9 ♂♂, 1 ♀, DR Congo, Oriental Prov., Ituri region, Mongbwalu, AGK camp, house backyard, N01º56'32.81'', E30º02' 25.62, 21– 28.02.2015, yellow pan trap, leg. A. Gumovsky; 3 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, same data except for "abandoned shamba, bananas, avocado, sweet potato", 20– 27.03.2015 (SIZK, cPJ).
Remarks. Cephennodes glabella was described based on nine specimens collected in DR Congo, Virunga National Park, in Rumangabo and Tongo, about 350 km SW of the area where the above listed material comes from, within the north-eastern part of the Albertine Rift. As in the case of most species described by Castellini, the illustrations of the aedeagus are rather schematic and lacking details. However, the general shape of the median lobe, the parameres of strongly unequal length and the general shape of the apical projections in Figs 1–2 in Castellini (2007) match the characters seen in specimens examined during the present study (Figs 19–20). Moreover, Castellini mentioned that on the head of the male of C. glabella there was a slight bulge, a small blunt elevation ("una lieve protuberanza, una piccola sopraelevazione smussata"), located between the antennal tubercles. This description agrees with the modification of the head seen in the specimens from Mongbwalu (Figs 7–8). Finally, the measurements given by Castellini approximately agree with those of the newly found specimens, if corrections for different measuring convention are made (e.g., Castellini measured the head from the distal margins of mandibles to the site where the head is inserted into pronotum, which is a rather unusual way of measuring beetles). Knowing other continental Afrotropical species of Cephennodes (see Jałoszyński 2010, 2013), it seems correct to identify the new material from Mongbwalu as C. glabella.
description: Published as part of Jałoszyński, Paweł, 2016, Four new species of Pomphopsilla Jałoszyński and a new record of Cephennodes glabella Castellini in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae), pp. 593-600 in Zootaxa 4098 (3) on page 599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/259902
Lacomucinaea
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Lacomucinaea

description: 0. Lacomucinaea clade (BIPP 1).
— Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.García (Fig. 3A), previously known as Thesium lineatum, was classified as a distinct genus by Nickrent & García (2015) based on molecular and morphological evidence. This genus is sister to Osyridicarpos and that clade is sister Thesium, relationships with the highest support from both ITS and the chloroplast genes (Fig. 2A). One may ask why Lacomucinaea was not included within Osyridicarpos. These two genera share several morphological features, e.g., primary phloem fiber bundles near the stem surface, bisexual flowers, lack of a swollen pedicel, and fleshy fruits with smooth exocarps. They differ in other characters such as habit (shrub vs. scrambling subshrub), leaf morphology, leaf persistence, inflorescence structure, presence of external floral gland, style length and ribbing on ovary. Four species have been described in Osyridicarpos although it is frequently treated as monotypic (O. schimperianus). Further studies might prove that several species should be recognized in the genus, all of them very different from Lacomucinaea. Thus, the preponderance of molecular and morphological evidence justifies recognition of two genera.
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium

description: 1. Thesium clade (BIPP 1).
— This clade (Fig. 2A) contains all species now classified as Thesium and includes taxa formerly placed in Austroamericium, Chrysothesium, Kunkeliella, and Thesidium. The monophyly of Thesium including these genera and excluding Lacomucinaea is also resolved with chloroplast markers with the highest support.
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Cyphochilus reichenbachi Sabatinelli 2020, n. sp.
Creators: name: Sabatinelli, Guido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Cyphochilus
Cyphochilus reichenbachi

description: Cyphochilus reichenbachi n. sp.
Figs 62-64
Holotype: MHNG (MHNG-ENTO-81701); 1 ♂; VIETNAM: // North Vietnam, Tam Dao / Vinh huc prov. 1010 m / 21˚27.588’ N, 105˚38.475 E / IV.2014, leg. Hoa Binh (P) // HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Cyphochilus / reichenbachi mihi / G. Sabatinelli, 2020 (T on red) //.
Paratypes: 32 specimens.
VIETNAM: MHNG; 1 ♂; Tonkin; ach. Baudet. – PCAR; 1 ♂; same data as holotype. – PCAR; 1 ♂; North Vietnam, Tam Dao, 400-900 m; VI-VII.2012; leg. Hoa Binh Nguyen. – PCAR; 2 ♂; North Vietnam, Tam Dao, 400- 900 m; 18.VI.2012; leg. Hoa Binh Nguyen. – MHNG; 10 ♂, 1 ♀; North Vietnam, Ta Phin 10 km NNW Sapa, ca. 1700 m; III.2012; leg. Binh Nguen. – PCAR; 15 ♂; same data as previous. – PCDK, 1 ♂, Ha Giang.
Description of the holotype male: Size – BL: 19.6 mm, BW: 8.3 mm, BWX: 10.9 mm, situated at midpoint of elytra. Color. Integument dark shiny brown; dorsal surface with scattered yellow scales aggregated along lateral part of the body. Head – CW/L: 3; anterolateral edges of clypeus rounded, lateral edges of clypeus curved and divergent posteriad; frons large, making eyes relatively small, not prominent (F/O: 4.7); antennal club longer than antennomeres 2-7 (A2-7/CL: 0.86). Pronotum – Transverse (PnW/L: 2), strongly convex; apical angles and lateral margins flattened, apical angles right, not protuberant; basal lateral margins straight, basal angles obtuse and largely rounded. Elytra – Without any visible striae. Thoracic sterna – Surface with short, white pubescence and scales; mesosternum slightly developed anteriorly (MstL: 0.64 mm) however, visible in lateral view between the mesocoxae. Abdomen – Sternites with sparse scales; pygidium convex with apical margin narrowly reflected. Legs – Protibia tridentate with the basal tooth well developed; slender apical tooth longer than the middle one. Aedeagus – Parameres strongly asymmetric with four appendices (Figs 62-64).
Variability: BL: 18.5-20.5 mm (x = 19.5, n = 30).
Females: BL: 18 mm, BW: 7.5 mm, BWX: 10.5 mm; antennal club ovate, shorter than preceding antennomeres (A2-7/CL: 1.5).
Etymology: Andreas Reichenbach (Leipzig, Germany) is a scarabeologist and he provided me with several Cyphochilus specimens for study, among them the new species here described.
Distribution: This species is known from several localities in northern part of Vietnam.
Remarks: Cyphochilus reichenbachi can be readily separated from all other congeners by the unique shape of the parameres strongly asymmetric with four appendices.
description: Published as part of Sabatinelli, Guido, 2020, Taxonomic notes on the genus Cyphochilus Waterhouse, 1867 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthinae) with description of 10 new species, pp. 157-181 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 177, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0014, http://zenodo.org/record/5743429
Kunkeliella
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Kunkeliella

description: 4. Kunkeliella clade (BIPP 1).
— This clade (Fig. 2A), composed of endemics to the Canary Islands archipelago, was formerly placed in the genus Kunkeliella (Stearn, 1972) and members were reclassified as Thesium sect. Kunkeliella by Forest & Manning (2013). Two species were sampled here: T. subsucculentum (Kämmer) J.C.Manning & F.Forest (Fig. 3B) from the north coast of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and T. retamoides (A.Santos) J.C.Manning & F.Forest from the southern part of the same island. The three ITS clones of T. subsucculentum (A, B, C) and two clones of T. retamoides (A, B) were not monophyletic based on species. However, Rodríguez-Rodríguez & al. (2022) found enough genetic variation based on microsatellite markers to consider them different species, a conclusion also supported by morphology. On Tenerife, all the species have stems covered with an indument of tiny hairs, whereas T. canariense (Stearn) J.C. Manning & F.Forest, endemic to Gran Canaria Island, is glabrous. Otherwise, the flowers, fruits and general habit of these plants are similar except for the smaller flowers of T. canariense. That species is the only one in the genus known to be gynodioecious, i.e., with bisexual and female flowers on separate plants (Pérez de Paz & al., 2015). Stearn (1972) considered this a genus separate from Thesium based mainly upon its possession of isopolar pollen and drupaceous fruits. Isopolar pollen is of questionably diagnostic value as it has been found in several South African species of Thesium plus intermediates between heteropolar and isopolar pollen types are known (Lobreau-Callen, 1980). Fleshy fruits are also present in T. fragile L.f., T. triflorum and T. radicans.
Unsampled species include Thesium canariense from Gran Canaria and T. psilotocladum Svent. from Tenerife (extinct). Recently, a new species, T. palmense P.Pérez & P.Sosa, was described from La Palma, closely related to T. retamoides from Tenerife.
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesidium
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesidium

description: 5. Thesidium clade:
Thesium subg. Hagnothesium (BIPP 1). — To maintain a monophyletic Thesium (Forest & Manning, 2013), species previously classified in the genus Thesidium (Sonder, 1857) were reclassified as Thesium sect. Hagnothesium A.DC. Zhigila & al. (2020). They later raised this section to the rank of subgenus (T. subg. Hagnothesium (A.DC.) Zhigila & al.). These species are CFR endemics and include annual to shrubby plants with mostly tetramerous flowers and a dioecious sexual condition. Some species, including T. microcarpum A.DC, T. fragile (Fig. 3C) and T. quartzicolum Zhigila & al. have morphologically similar male and female plants (monomorphic) whereas T. fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, T. minus (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, T. strigulosum A.DC. (= T. hirtum (Sond.) Zhigila & al., nom. illeg.), T. longicaule Zhigila & al. and T. leptostachyum A.DC. are dimorphic. In the latter case, male plants usually have small herbaceous bracts and female plants have conspicuous leafy bracts. Although we only sampled five species, the ITS phylogeny (Fig. 2A) resolves two highly supported clades separating sexually dimorphic and monomorphic species.
The nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies suggest that Thesium subg. Hagnothesium is an early-divergent lineage that, in spite of being endemic to the CFR, is more closely related to Eurasian, North African, and Canary Islands lineages (T. subg. Thesium). According to our chloroplast phylogeny it is sister to T. subg. Thesium, however this relationship is not resolved by ITS. Instead, T. subg. Hagnothesium is nested within T. subg. Thesium (clade 2), making the latter paraphyletic.
Unsampled species include T. leptostachyum, T. longicaule, T. quartzicolum, and T. strigulosum.
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on pages 200-202, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Mauritanica
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Clausiliidae
Mauritanica

description: 6. Mauritanica clade (BIPP 1).
— In our sampling this clade contains a single species, Thesium mauritanicum (Fig. 3D), from North Africa (Morocco, Algeria). Its position on the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2A) indicates that it is phylogenetically distinct from the African clade (26). When Battandier (1889) described T. mauritanicum he suggested a relationship with T. bergeri Zucc. (and its synonym T. graecum Boiss. & Spruner) from W Asia and Greece. However, ITS and chloroplast sequences show that species as part of clade 9. The flowers of T. mauritanicum differ little from Eurasian Thesium species but dense pubescence on the stems, leaves, bracts, abaxial surface of the petals and fruits are uncommon characters in the genus. This clade corresponds to T. ser. Mauritanica Hendrych that also included the Libyan endemic T. erythronicum Pamp. It shares with T. mauritanicum a subshrub habit and reticulate fruits; however, the two species differ in several vegetative and inflorescence features suggesting that it might be related to other Paleoboreal species, possibly in clades 8 or 9.
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 202, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Pandava hunanensis Yin and Bao 2001
Creators: name: Almeida-Silva, Lina M.
name: Griswold, Charles E.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Titanoecidae
Pandava
Pandava hunanensis

description: Pandava hunanensis Yin and Bao, 2001
Figures 38–57
Diagnosis. Males and females of Pandava hunanensis resemble P. s h i v a sp. nov. by the general shape of the PLT and epigynum, but differ by the PLT less curved (Figs. 41, 53, 55); MLT elongated, with a U-shaped depression proximally and hyaline portion with three projections (Figs. 41, 53); median apophysis present on the male palp (Figs. 42, 44, 54–55). Females differ by the interdistance between ER as large as the size of the rims (Figs. 48–50, 52, 56), and posterior border of the median field straight (Figs. 48, 50, 56).
Description. Male (paratype). Coloration: carapace brown with cephalic area, chelicerae and endites dark brown (Figs. 38–40, 45). Leg I brown, legs II, III and IV yellowish brown (Fig. 39). Abdomen beige (Figs. 38, 45). Total length 4.31. Carapace 2.06 long; 1.60 wide; 1.00 high. Clypeus 0.10 high. Abdomen 2.25 long; 1.68 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09; ALE 0.11; PME 0.09; PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.09; AME–ALE 0.09; PME–PME 0.15; PME–PLE 0.17; AME–PME 0.10; ALE–PLE 0.09. Chelicerae 0.95 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.22/ patella 0.81/ tibia 2.30/ metatarsus 2.35/ tarsus 0.91/ total 8.59; II: 2.00/ 0.75/ 2.35/ 1.88/ 0.91/ 7.88; III: 1.63/ 0.72/ 1.40/ 1.20/ 0.75/ 5.70; IV: 1.88/ 0.73/ 1.88/ 1.38/ 0.65/ 6.51. Leg formula 1243. Male tibial crack absent. Leg spination: metatarsus III and IV v2 ap. Palp: PLT entire and enlarged, with apex acute and projected to the RLT, retrolaterally excavated and partially membranous dorsally (Figs. 41, 43, 53, 55). Tegulum projected near the tegular process (Figs. 44, 54–55).
Female (paratype). Coloration: as in male (Figs. 46–47). Total length 6.25 Carapace 2.75 long; 1.94 wide; 1.20 high. Clypeus 0.21 high. Abdomen 3.50 long; 2.44 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10; ALE 0.14; PME 0.09; PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.12; AME–ALE 0.16; PME–PME 0.20; PME–PLE 0.29; AME–PME 0.15; ALE–PLE 0.08. Chelicerae 1.32 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.09/ patella 0.91/ tibia 1.84/ metatarsus 1.53/ tarsus 0.91/ total 7.28; II: 1.88/ 0.81/ 1.34/ 1.56/ 0.78/ 6.37; III: 1.55/ 0.81/ 1.25/ 1.16/ 0.68/ 5.45; IV: 2.16/ 0.88/ 1.75/ 1.41/ 0.59/ 6.78. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: metatarsus IV p1ap. Epigynum with one spermatheca on each side of the vulva, elongated and prolaterally pointed (Figs. 49, 51, 52), copulatory ducts membranous (Figs. 48–49, 51–52, 57).
Geographical distribution. Only known from the type locality, Hunan, China. Additional material examined. None.
description: Published as part of Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010, Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa, pp. 30-56 in Zootaxa 2630 on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276087
Evaluation of UV Curable and Highly Loaded Inks for Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Composites
Creators: name: Anderson, Joshua Dean
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401401
subject: Additive manufacturing

description: The next generation of advanced aerospace technologies will require strong materials able to withstand high temperatures in high stress environments. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are becoming more popular solutions used to manufacture components for these challenging environments. CMCs take advantage of the high temperature capabilities and erosion resistance of ceramic materials combined with a fiber reinforcement matrix to enhance the strength beyond the capabilities of pure ceramics. Traditionally, CMCs are manufactured using a variety of methods including silicon infiltration, chemical vapor deposition, and polymer pyrolysis, but there are challenges with the available geometries, cost, and time associated with them. Additive manufacturing techniques have shown promise as methods to produce CMCs that can allow for a more tailored design of components and a reduced manufacturing time. However, it is challenging to construct parts with high fiber loadings that can retain their geometric accuracy and compare to more traditional methods of manufacturing CMCs. This research aims to develop and characterize photocurable CMC formulations and CMC inks with high fiber content that can be 3D printed. To do this, photocurable mixtures of preceramic polymer resins were synthesized and filled with pitch and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based milled carbon fibers from 0-40 wt.%. Additional inks were mixed and tested without photocuring capabilities at solids loadings up to 65 wt.% to evaluate the printing capabilities of highly filled inks. Cure depth of photocurable inks, extrudability of each mixture, rheology of highly filled mixtures, and printing results were obtained. While photocuring CMC inks had a limit to its effectiveness at high solids loadings, a printable mixture with greater than 50 wt.% fiber reinforcements was shown to be viable. The results shown in this paper have significance for future work in additive manufacturing of fiber filled polymer inks and show promise to construct CMCs for aerospace applications.
Pandava kama Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Almeida-Silva, Lina M.
name: Griswold, Charles E.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Titanoecidae
Pandava
Pandava kama

description: Pandava kama sp. nov.
Figs. 101–102
Type material. Holotype female from Mahabaleshwar (elev. 1250m), Maharashtra, India (17º55'12''N, 73º37'48''E), 13.II.1962, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro, deposited in CAS (CASENT 9036788). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition in honor of the Hindu God of love.
Diagnosis. Pandava kama sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other Pandava species by its heartshaped epigynal median field (Fig. 101) and vulva with three or four spermathecae, one horizontally positioned and the others longitudinally (Fig. 102).
Description. Female (holotype). Coloration: carapace brown with cephalic area, chelicerae and endites dark brown. Leg I brown and legs II to IV pale brown. Abdomen pale brown. Total length 8.60. Carapace 4.10 long; 2.60 wide; 1.80 high. Clypeus 0.28 high. Abdomen 4.50 long; 3.50 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14; ALE 0.17; PME 0.15; PLE 0.17; AME–AME 0.15; AME–ALE 0.23; PME–PME 0.26; PME–PLE 0.40; AME–PME 0.22; ALE–PLE 0.11. Chelicerae 1.78 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.28/ patella 0.30/ tibia 1.38/ metatarsus 2.40/ tarsus 1.28/ total 8.63; II: 2.80/ 1.28/ 2.48/ 2.13/ 1.05/ 9.73; III: 2.50/ 1.25/ 1.94/ 1.78/ 0.84/ 8.31; IV: 3.04/ 1.28/ 2.68/ 2.24/ 0.93/ 10.17. Leg formula 4213. Leg spination: femur I and II p1ap; tibia I v0-2, p0-1-0-1, II p1ap, v0-1r, III: p1ap, r1ap, IV: p1ap, r1ap; metatarsus I: v2-2 - 1map, p1ap, r0-1-0-1ap, II: v0-2- 1m, p0-1-0-1ap, r1ap, III: v2-2 - 1m r, p0-1-0-1ap, d2ap, IV: v0-1p- 1m, p1ap, r1ap, d2ap. Distally curved setae absent from legs. Epigynum with posterior border v-shaped (Fig. 101). Left side of the vulva with four spermathecae and right side with three (Fig. 102). Copulatory ducts open beneath MF, not in rim area (Fig. 101).
Male. Unknown.
Geographical distribution. Only know from the type locality, Maharashtra, India.
Additional material examined. None.
description: Published as part of Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010, Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa, pp. 30-56 in Zootaxa 2630 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276087
Dasylepida testaceipes Sabatinelli 2020, n. comb.
Creators: name: Sabatinelli, Guido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Dasylepida
Dasylepida testaceipes

description: Dasylepida testaceipes (Fairmaire, 1902) n. comb.
Fig. 13
Cyphochilus testaceipes Fairmaire, 1902: 316.
Type material examined: Lectotype by present designation: MNHN; 1 ♀; CHINA: // Cyphochilus / testaceipes / Fairm China (H) // Foucheou [Fujan: Fou-Tcheou] (H) // Type (P on red) // Muséum Paris / 1906 / coll. Leon Fairmaire //. (Fig. 13).
Remarks: The type specimen has a symmetrically bilobed clypeus and the body has very few scales and several setae. Therefore, it does not belong to genus Cyphochilus but to genus Dasylepida Moser, 1913. Dasylepida testaceipes is probably a synonym of one of the species described from east China but this needs to be further investigated.
description: Published as part of Sabatinelli, Guido, 2020, Taxonomic notes on the genus Cyphochilus Waterhouse, 1867 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthinae) with description of 10 new species, pp. 157-181 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on pages 178-180, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0014, http://zenodo.org/record/5743429
Lacomucinaea lineata Nickrent & M. A. Garcia
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Lacomucinaea
Lacomucinaea lineata

description: Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.García,
DLN 4413, South Africa, K. Balkwill & L. McDade 11765 (MO), KP318956, –, OP171945; DLN 4725, South Africa, E. Coppejans 1016 (BR), KP318957, –, –; DLN 4726, South Africa, P. Goldblatt 6526 (BR), KP318958, –, –; DLN 4800, South Africa, P. Bamps 9427 (BR), KP318959, –, –; DLN 5509, South Africa, L. Mucina 020906/12 (MA), KP318960, KP318970, OP171946;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Pandava ganesha Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Almeida-Silva, Lina M.
name: Griswold, Charles E.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Titanoecidae
Pandava
Pandava ganesha

description: Pandava ganesha sp. nov.
Fig. 103–104
Type material. Holotype female from Chennai (previously known as Madras), Tamil Nadu, South India (13º04'48N, 80º16'12''W), 08.IV.1962, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro, deposited in CAS (CASENT 9029813).
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition in honor of the Hindu God of obstacles.
Diagnosis. Pandava ganesha sp. nov. resembles P. laminata and P. sarasvati sp. nov. in the general shape of the epigynum, but differs by the narrow posterior portion (Fig. 103) and strongly sclerotized copulatory ducts that are visible through the cuticle (Figs. 103–104).
Description. Female (holotype). Coloration: carapace brown, chelicerae, cephalic area and palpal tarsi dark brown. Femur I dorsally brown, ventrally pale brown as the other legs and articles. Abdomen beige. Total length 7.10. Carapace 2.80 long; 1.84 wide; 1.00 high. Clypeus 0.14 high. Abdomen 4.30 long; 2.75 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.11; ALE 0.14; PME 0.12; PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.09; AME–ALE 0.13; PME–PME 0.19; PME–PLE 0.23; AME–PME 0.11; ALE–PLE 0.03. Chelicerae 1.26 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.13/ patella 0.94/ tibia 1.88/ metatarsus 1.50/ tarsus 0.78/ total 7.22; II: 1.91/ 0.78/ 1.59/ 1.28/ 0.69/ 6.25; III: 1.72/ 0.66/ 1.28/ 1.13/ 0.59/ 5.38; IV: 2.03/ 1.72/ 0.81/ 1.44/ 0.63/ 6.63. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: femur I and II: p1ap; tibia I: v2-2 or 0-2; II: p1ap; III, IV: p1ap, r1ap; metatarsus I: v2-2 - 1m, p1ap, r1ap; II: v2-2 - 1m, p1ap, r1ap; III: v2 -0-1ap, p0-1-1ap, r1ap; IV: v1 p-1p- 1m; p1ap, r1ap. Distally curved setae absent. Horizontal spermathecae visible through the cuticle (Fig. 104). Male. Unknown.
Geographical distribution. Only known from the type locality, Tamil Nadu, India. Additional material examined. None.
description: Published as part of Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010, Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa, pp. 30-56 in Zootaxa 2630 on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276087
Osyridicarpos schimperianus A. DC
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Osyridicarpos
Osyridicarpos schimperianus

description: Osyridicarpos schimperianus A.DC.,
DLN 4110, South Africa, D.L. Nickrent 4110 (BH), KP318955, KP318968,OP171947;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium aellenianum Lawalree, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium aellenianum

description: T. aellenianum Lawalrée,
DLN 4682, Democratic Republic of the Congo, F. Malaisse 13854 (BR), OP184091, OP172216, OP171950;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium alatavicum Kar. & Kir., DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium alatavicum

description: T. alatavicum Kar. & Kir.,
DLN 5099, Kazakhstan, Popov & Rubtzov 4111 (LE), OP184095, OP172219, OP171953; DLN 5100, Kazakhstan, V.P. Goloskokov s.n. (LE), OP184096, OP172220, OP171954; DLN 5101, Kyrgyzstan, Aydarova s.n. (LE), OP184097, OP172221, –; DLN 5102, Uzbekistan, R.V. Kamelin 48 (LE), OP184098, –, OP171955; DLN 5164, China, G. Ke-Isen 955 (LE), OP184099, OP172222, OP171956;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium alatum Hilliard & B. L. Burtt, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium alatum

description: T. alatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt,
DLN 4684, South Africa, P. Goetghebeur 4512 (BR), OP184100, OP172223, OP171957; DLN 5306, South Africa, O. Hilliard 5113 (MO), OP184101, OP172224, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium albomontanum Compton, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium albomontanum

description: T. albomontanum Compton,
DLN 5376, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5376 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184102, OP172225, OP171958; DLN 5569, South Africa, E. Pienaar M380 (MA), OP184103, OP172226, OP171959;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium alpinum L.
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium alpinum

description: T. alpinum L.,
DLN 4835, Spain, G. López & al. 10027GL (MA), OP184104, OP172227, OP171960; DLN 5128, Russian Federation, G. Konechnaya & E. Litvinova s.n. (LE), OP184105, OP172228, OP171961;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium aphyllum Mart.
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium aphyllum

description: T. aphyllum Mart. ex A.DC.,
DLN 4850, Brazil, Hatschbach 20060 (NY), OP184108, OP172230, OP171963; DLN 4851, Brazil, Irwin & al. 12166 (NY), OP184109, –, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium auriculatum Vandas, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium auriculatum

description: T. auriculatum Vandas,
DLN 5157, Albania, A. Baldacci 1900 (LE), OP184111, OP172232, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium bavarum Schrank, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium bavarum

description: T. bavarum Schrank,
DLN 4836, Italy, C. Navarro & al. 4327 (MA), OP184113, OP172234, OP171966; DLN 5158, Italy, A. Charpin & al. 12 (LE), OP184114, –, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium bergeri Zucc., DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium bergeri

description: T. bergeri Zucc.,
DLN 5159, Türkiye, W. Siebe s.n. (LE), OP184115, OP172235, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium capitatum L.
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium capitatum

description: T. capitatum L.,
DLN 5411, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5411 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184120, OP172240, OP171970;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium capituliflorum Sond., DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium capituliflorum

description: T. capituliflorum Sond.,
DLN 5371, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5371 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184127, OP172245, OP171975; DLN 5455, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5455 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184128, OP172246, OP171976;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium corymbuligerum Sond., DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium corymbuligerum

description: T. corymbuligerum Sond.,
DLN 5419, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5419 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184390, OP172454, OP172153; DLN 5433, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5433 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184391, OP172455, OP172154; DLN 5525, South Africa, L. Mucina 141006/62 (MA), OP184392, OP172456, OP172155;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium costatum A. W. Hill
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium costatum

description: T. costatum A.W.Hill,
DLN 5234, South Africa, P. du Toit 23 (MO), OP184144, OP172258, –; DLN 5251, South Africa, K. Balkwill 10238 (MO), OP184145, OP172259, OP171989;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium cuspidatum A. W. Hill
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium cuspidatum

description: T. cuspidatum A.W.Hill,
DLN 5444, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5444 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184148, OP172262, OP171992;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium dolichomeras Brenan, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium dolichomeras

description: T. dolichomeras Brenan,
DLN 4695, Zimbabwe, P. Bamps & al. 798 (BR), OP184159, OP172272, OP172002;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium ferganense Bobrov, DLN
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium ferganense

description: T. ferganense Bobrov,
DLN 5107, Kyrgyzstan, O. Knorring & Z. Minkwitz 317 (LE), OP184177, OP172287, –;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Thesium flexuosum A. DC
Creators: name: García, Miguel A.
name: Mucina, Ladislav
name: Nickrent, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Santalales
Thesiaceae
Thesium
Thesium flexuosum

description: T. flexuosum A.DC.,
DLN 4715, South Africa, P. Goldblatt 1772 (BR), OP184180, OP172290, OP172016; DLN 5246, South Africa, P. Bohnen 4921 (MO), OP184181, OP172291, –; DLN 5395, South Africa, M.A. García & al. 5395 (MA, BH, NBG), OP184182, OP172292, OP172017;
description: Published as part of García, Miguel A., Mucina, Ladislav & Nickrent, Daniel L., 2024, A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales, pp. 190-236 in TAXON 73 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.1002/tax.13123, http://zenodo.org/record/14047584
Heterotrissocladius quartus Kong & Wang, 2011, sp. n.
Creators: name: Kong, Fanqing
name: Wang, Xinhua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Heterotrissocladius
Heterotrissocladius quartus

description: Heterotrissocladius quartus sp. n.
(Figs. 2 A–C)
Type material. Holotype male (BDN No.1740), CHINA: Guangxi Autonomous Region, Jinxiu Autonomous County, Luoxiang Town, 9.vi.1990, light trap, X. Wang.
Diagnostic characters. The new species can be separated from other members of the genus by having a 4-segmented palp, short Cu1, low AR (0.56), and a short triangular acute anal point.
Etymology. From Latin, quart – means four, referring to the palp with four palpomeres.
Description. Male imago (n =1).
Total length 2.10 mm. Wing length 1.45 mm. Total length / wing length 1.48. Wing length / length of profemur 2.64.
Coloration. Head brown. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen pale yellow. Legs yellow. Wing nearly transparent. Head. AR 0.56. Temporal setae 10, including 4 inner verticals, 3 outer verticals and 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 13 setae. Tentorium 79 Μm long, 18 Μm wide. Palp 4-segmented; palpomeres lengths (in Μm): 18; 26; 62; 66. (Fig. 2 A).
Wing. (Fig. 2 B). Anal lobe well developed. Cu1 short, 252 Μm, without setae. VR 1.15. R with 13 setae, R1 with 16, R4+5 with 27, Cu with 19, M3+4 with 4 setae; r2+3 with 9 setae, r4+5 with 30, m1+2 with 13 and cell an with 10 setae. Squama with 12 setae.
Thorax. Dorsocentrals 10; acrostichals 14; prealars 4; scutellars 12.
Legs. Spur of front tibia 22 Μm long; of mid tibia 18 Μm and 12 Μm long; of hind tibia 35 Μm and 9 Μm long; with 26 Μm long comb. Width at apex of front tibia 9 Μm, of mid tibia 13 m, of hind tibia 20 Μm. Lengths (in Μm) and proportions of legs in Table 2.
fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4
p1 550 625 400 200 125 75
p2 575 500 225 125 100 50
p3 550 600 375 200 125 75 ta5 LR BV SV BR
p1 50 0.64 1.85 2.94 3.60
p2 50 0.45 2.89 4.28 3.00
p3 50 0.63 3.39 3.07 3.30
Hypopygium (Fig. 2 C). Anal point roughly triangular with pointed apex, 26 Μm long. Tergite IX with 12 setae on the anal point. Laterosternite IX with 6 setae. Phallapodeme 26 Μm long; transverse sternapodeme 88 Μm long. Gonocoxite 132 Μm long. Inferior volsella 62 Μm long, with 11 long setae. Gonostylus 57 Μm long, with small triangular crista dorsalis; megaseta 10 Μm long. HR 2.27; HV 3.65.
Remarks. According to Saether (1975), H. quartus can be included in the marcidus species group. It is close to H. zierli Stur & Wiedenbrug having nearly the same low AR and hairy wings, but it differs in the number of palpomeres (H. zierli with 5 palpomeres), and in having the much wider inferior volsella.
Distribution. The present species was collected in subtropical mountain area in Oriental China (Guangxi Autonomous Region).
description: Published as part of Kong, Fanqing & Wang, Xinhua, 2011, Heterotrissocladius Spärck from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 2733 on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206036