Hoplopeza rafaeli Henao-Sepúlveda & Barros & Ale-Rocha & Wolff 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Henao-Sepúlveda, Carolina
name: Barros, Luana Machado
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
name: Wolff, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Hoplopeza
Hoplopeza rafaeli

description: Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov.
(Figs 3A–G, 6A–G, 7C–D, 8)
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Diagnosis. Antenna black (Fig. 3C); occiput black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity (Fig. 3E). Scutum shiny black, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe paler and anterior margin of postalar callus yellow (Fig. 3E). Mid basitarsomere with 1 strong posteroventral basal seta; hind tibia brown, paler on base (Fig. 3F). Tergites of abdomen brown, greenish anteriorly, syntergite 1+2 greenish on lateral margin (Fig. 3A, B). Left epandrial lamella with spines along the inner margin (Fig. 6A, B); hypoproct with rounded apex (Fig. 6G).
Description. Holotype male. Body length: 4.5 mm (Fig. 3 A). Wing length: 4.7 mm (Fig. 3G). Head. Frons shiny brown, narrower than anterior ocellus, slightly widening towards anterior ocellus (Fig. 3D). Face with short whitish setulae, 1.6 times length of frons. Antenna (Fig. 3C) black, postpedicel lanceolate, covered with dense brownish microtrichia; 2 pairs of ocellar setae proclinate, posterior pair very short and slender, anterior pair long and stronger. Proboscis short, brown; palpus very small, yellow, covered with dense yellow pruinosity; 1 long, slender seta. Occiput black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity, patch without pruinosity next to ocellar triangle; postocular setae long, strong and scattered, upper setae longer, stronger; row of long, brown occipital setae. Thorax (Fig. 3E). Antepronotum black, covered with dense yellow pruinosity, with row of short, slender setae on anterior margin. Scutum black, shiny, except posterior margin of postpronotal lobe paler; anterior margin of postalar callus yellow. Pleura brown, except yellow spot on upper margin of katepisternum; upper margin of katepimeron, anterior margin of laterotergite, posterior margin of metanepisternum and metepimeron yellowish. Pleura with dense yellow pruinosity, except bare middle region of katepimeron. Scutellum black, except lateral and apical margins brown, with yellow pruinosity; 1 thin, short pair of lateral setae and 1 long, strong, black apical pair of scutellar bristles. Mediotergite black, with yellow pruinosity. Acrostichals uniserial, dorsocentrals biserial, short, slender and sparse on scutum; notopleuron with yellow pruinosity, 2 bristles long, strong, upper longer and stronger, about half length of scutum, lower seta yellow, shorter, about 1/3 length of upper bristle; several slender and short postpronotal setae; 1 stronger, longer (about 1/3 length of scutum) anterior and 1 shorter, slender posterior postalar seta. Wing (Fig. 3G). Membrane brownish; pterostigma brown, elongate and narrow; R 1 long, ending at apical 1/2 of wing; cell dm aligned with cell br; vein bm-m strongly sinuous; vein CuA incomplete, not reaching vein CuP, arising near mid-length of cell bm; CuA+CuP long, reaching wing margin; veins M 1 and M 4 reaching wing margin. Halter yellow, knob slightly darker. Legs. Yellow, except brown apical spot on dorsal surface of mid femur; hind femur with wide subapical ring and apex brown; hind tibia (Fig. 3F) brown, paler basally; fore and mid tarsomere 1 brown at apex; fore and mid tarsomere 2 pale brown; fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5 brown; hind tarsomeres brown, except yellow greenish on base of tarsomere 1. Hind femur slightly swollen. Chaetotaxy: fore femur with row of thin setae along anterodorsal surface, decreasing in size toward apex, one long and strong dorsal seta near apex. Mid femur with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 at mid-length and 1 subapical. Hind femur with 3 long, strong anterior setae: 1 subbasal, 1 at mid-length and 1 subapical. Mid tibia with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 subbasal and 1 at mid-length; 1 long, strong posterodorsal subbasal seta, 2 long, strong anteroventral and 2 posteroventral apical setae. Hind tibia (Fig. 3F) with 2 long, strong anterodorsal setae: 1 basal and 1 at mid-length; 1 long, stronger lateral apical spur: 2 short, strong apical setae. Mid basitarsomere with 1 strong posteroventral basal seta. Abdomen (Fig. 3A). Shiny. Syntergites 1+2 brown, except yellow greenish spot on lateral margin; tergites 3–6 brown, except anterior margin greenish yellow, weakly sclerotized; tergites 7 and 8 brown.All segments with short, long slender setae. Male terminalia (Fig. 6A–G). Right surstylus basally broad, apex with elongated projection, digitiform and truncated apex, with several long, strong setae on ventral margin; dorsal margin serrated (Fig. 6A, B, D). Left surstylus shorter than right, almost subrectangular, with apex slightly pointed; several short, slender setae near apex (Fig. 6A, B, D). Asymmetrical cerci, strongly sclerotized, digitiform, covered with brown, slender and long setae; left cercus slightly longer than right (Fig. 6A, B). Right epandrial lamella broader than left, rounded sides, with strong dark spines along inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 6A, B, D). Left epandrial lamella as long as wide with strong dark curved spines along inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 6A, B, E). Phallus elongate, shaft gradually arched, cylindrical, without protuberances; distal articulation filiform, not bifid (Fig. 6F). Hypandrium subtriangular in ventral view with several long and slender setae at apex (Fig. 6C, F). Dorsal connection between epandrial lamellae narrow and short (Fig. 6A, B). Bacilliform sclerites divided basally, thin, entire length covered with several short, slender setae (Fig. 6G). Subepandrial sclerite with basal margin truncate, slightly narrower toward apex. Hypoproct clavate, with rounded apex and bare, strongly sclerotized, tube-like (Fig. 6G).
Female. Similar to male, except as noted: Body length: 5.0– 5.5 mm (Fig. 3 B). Wing length: 4.5–5.0 mm. Mid and hind tarsomeres 3–5 light brown. Abdomen. Tergites 2–4 brown, yellow laterally, tergite 7 completely yellow. Terminalia (Fig. 7C, D). Tergite 8 and sternite 8 fused. Tergite 8 broad subrectangular with lateral posterior subtriangular extensions. Tergite 10 undivided, separate from cerci. Sternite 10 slightly sclerotized, apex broadly oval. Sternite 8 subrectangular, divided posteriorly into pair of extended sclerites with acute apex. Membrane between sternite 8 and 10 hyaline with small spines scattered randomly. Cercus short, rounded, length less than twice width, bearing long, fine setae.
Distribution. This species is known from Colombia (Antioquia) (Fig. 8).
Type Material. HOLOTYPE m#: COLOMBIA: Antioquia department, Belmira Páramo de Santa Inés, El Morro location, 3100–3300 m, 6.632639; -75.645267 Páramo, Malaise trap canopy, 02–12-dec-2017, Proy. Moscas de las flores, C. Rodriguez & A. Echeverry (1m# CEUA 102957, dry pinned, wing mounted in Euparal on microscope slide; genitalia preserved in glycerine in microvial). PARATYPES: COLOMBIA: Antioquia, San José de La Montaña municipality, El Congo rural settlement, 3100–3150 m, 6.763791; -75.701738, Páramo, sweep net, 20–30.vii.2017, Proy. Moscas de las flores, A. Sepúlveda & A.L. Montoya (1 m# CEUA 103105, body in 96% ethanol; 1 m# CEUA 102960, dry pinned); same data except, 25.iii.–5.iv.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda & M. Wolff (1 m# CEUA 103108, body in 96% ethanol); same data except, 16–27.ix.2017, C. Henao-Sepúlveda & A. Sepúlveda (1f# CEUA 138330, dry pinned). Caldas, Pensilvania, Valle alto, 3378 m, 5.345971; -75.286728, forest, ground Malaise trap, 28–30.iv.2014, A. Cardona & J. Alvarez (1f# CEUA 138331, body in 96% ethanol with genitalia preserved in glycerine in microvial).
Etymology. Named in honor of José Albertino Rafael, researcher from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil, for his contribution to the knowledge of the family Hybotidae.
Remarks. Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. chloropa by the absence of several long, slender and waved yellow setae on the ventral face of the fore tibia. Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. annulata by the color of the pleura, which is all dark brown in H. rafaeli, whereas in H. annulata the side of the scutum and some areas of the pleura are tawny-brown according to Collin (1933) and are visible in photos of the type (Fig. 4A). Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. differs from H. colombiana sp. nov. by the left surstylus with smooth apex, whereas the left surstylus of H. colombiana sp. nov. has a serrated apex. Also, H. rafaeli sp. nov. can be differentiated from the other Andean species by two obvious structures of the male terminalia, including the strong, curved spines along the inner margin of the left epandrial lamella, and the long and wide hypoproct.
description: Published as part of Henao-Sepúlveda, Carolina, Barros, Luana Machado, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Wolff, Marta, 2023, Two new species of the genus Hoplopeza Bezzi (Diptera, Hybotidae, Ocydromiinae) from the high Andean forests of Colombia, pp. 87-100 in Zootaxa 5297 (1) on pages 95-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7989319