cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gamasomorpha Karsh 1881
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Gamasomorpha

description: Genus Gamasomorpha Karsh, 1881
Remarks. Gamasomorpha currently includes 48 species, most of which have been recorded from East Asia to Southeast Asia (World Spider Catalog 2023). This genus was established by Karsh based on the type species G. cataphracta collected from Japan. Spiders of this genus possess well-developed scutum on the dorsum of abdomen. The genital morphology of Gamasomorpha is similar to that of Xestaspis Simon, 1884 (Brescovit et al. 2019; Ott & Harvey 2008). For details of the morphological differences between Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis, see the Xestaspis section.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Gamasomorpha cataphracta Karsch 1881
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Gamasomorpha
Gamasomorpha cataphracta

description: Gamasomorpha cataphracta Karsch, 1881
Fig. 1
Gamasomorpha cataphracta Karsch, 1881: p.40, fig. 1–5, male and female syntypes from Japan; not examined.
See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for the complete taxonomic list.
Materials examined. Yakushima Is. (Kagoshima Pref.): 1 female, Tabukawa, Yakushima Town, Kumage District, 2-IV-2023, S. Konishi leg. Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male (NSMT-Ar 21905), Nago (26°35’25.7”N, 128°00’17.9”E), Nago City, 28-III-2019, K. Endo leg. 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21906), Nûha (26°40’02.0”N, 128°10’21.3”E), Ōgimi Village, Kunigami District, 27-III-2019, K. Endo leg. Aka Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male 1 female, grassland at forest side (26°11’54.5”N, 127°16’55.7”E), Aka, Zamami Village, Shimajiri District, 16-III-2022, Y. Suzuki leg.
Diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from other oonopid species in the Nansei Islands by the presence of dark transverse stripes on the dorsum of abdomen (Fig. 1) (Ono 2009).
Additional description of genital morphology. Based on a male (NSMT-Ar 21905) and a female (NSMT-Ar 21906) specimen from Okinawa Island, Japan. Embolic part of male palp attenuated distally and branching into two pointed tip parts, retrolateral one longer than prolateral counterpart (Fig. 1H–J, arrow 1) Embolic part prolaterally curved in dorsal view (Fig. 1D, J). Female vulva with nail-like process and paddle-like sclerite present on anterior side, receptaculum width almost identical to length with median furrow (Fig. 1G, L, arrow), and A1 on lateral sides with similar length to receptaculum. See Ono (2009) for further details.
Variations. Some individuals possess a uniformly dark brown abdomen with unclear stripes (Ono 2009; Ono & Ogata 2018).
Distribution. Korea, Taiwan, Japan (Honshu to the Nansei Islands), Philippines. See also Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. In the Nansei Islands, this species was collected from litter layers of forests and grasslands.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on pages 218-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Xestaspis Simon 1884
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Xestaspis

description: Xestaspis Simon, 1884
[New Japanese Name: Nettai-Danigumo-zoku]
Remarks. Currently, Xestaspis includes 19 species, which are mainly recorded in Southeast Asia (World Spider Catalog 2023). The genus was established based on the type species Oonops loricatus Koch, 1873. This genus is characterized by reddish-colored body, well-developed abdominal scutum, spineless legs, cymbium unfused with other parts of palpal bulb, slender and long embolus, and is closely similar to Gamasomorpha. Tubercules on the surface of anterolateral side of the abdomen is recognized as a diagnostic character that separate Xestaspis from Gamasomorpha; however, this characteristic is absent in some Xestaspis species. Therefore, the distinction between these two genera is arbitrary, hence phylogenetic studies are required (Brescovit et al. 2019; Otto & Harvey 2008; Eichenberger et al. 2012).
The new Japanese name of the genus indicates a “tropical tick-like spider”, derived from its distribution range in tropical and subtropical regions and its general appearance. In Japan, spiders of the subfamily Gamasomorphinae are commonly referred to as “tick-like spiders” (dani-gumo in Japanese) because the generic name Gamasomorpha indicates “Gamasus-like (Gamasus being a genus of Acari)” (Yaginuma et al. 1990).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Xyphinus Simon 1890
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Xyphinus

description: Genus Xyphinus Simon, 1890
Remarks. This genus currently contains 20 species, which have mainly been recorded in tropical Asia and Australia (World Spider Catalog 2023). This genus was established based on the type species X. hystrix Simon, 1893 from Singapore. Although spiders of the genus have well-developed scutum, which are similar to that those in Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis, the genital morphology differs from the latter two genera. The female epigastric region has a clear external protuberance and the distal part of the male palp is blunt, branching into many thin membranous parts, forming a complex (Kranz-Baltensperger 2014).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Opopaea Simon 1892
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Opopaea

description: Genus Opopaea Simon, 1892
Remarks. Opopaea is one of the most diverse genera in the family Oonopidae; the genus currently comprises 187 species distributed in tropical regions (World Spider Catalog 2023). The genus was initially established based on the type species O. deserticola from Saint Vincent Island. Opopaea spiders are typically small to medium-sized (body length:1.0– 2.4 mm) and can be found in a variety of habitats, including litter layers, dead wood, and forests (Andriamalala & Hormiga 2013). Members of this genus are characterized by several unique features: entirely sclerotized male palps with enlarged patella originating sub-basally from the palpal femur, lateral striations on the carapace, and the dorsum and venter of the abdomen completely covered with scutum (Andriamalala & Hormiga 2013).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Xyphinus karschi
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Xyphinus
Xyphinus karschi

description: Xyphinus karschi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
Fig. 3
Gamasomorpha karschi B̂senberg & Strand, 1906: p.117, pl. 16, fig. 455, male and female syntypes from Saga, Japan; not examined.
See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for the complete taxonomic list.
Materials examined. Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male (NSMT-Ar 21909), Sueyoshi Park, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Naha City, 28-III-2022, H. Unami leg.; 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21910), Sueyoshi Park, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Naha City, 17-XI-2015, K. Ogata leg. Kumamoto Pref.: 2 males 2 females, Sugawara Shrine (32°48’40.6”N, 130°44’38.2”E), Hotakubohonmachi, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto City, 9-II-2022, R. Hidaka leg.
Diagnosis. Females of X. karschi are closely similar to those of X. hwangi Tong & Li, 2014 described in Taiwan, but can be distinguished by the shape of the protuberance on the epigastric region. The anterior side of the epigastric region is surrounded by sclerotized arch in the former species, while it is large and nose-shaped in the latter counterpart (Fig. 5J, 7D in Tong & Li 2014). Males of X. karschi can be easily distinguished from those of X. hwangi, which has a slender and strongly curved shaped ventral apophysis (Fig. 6F in Tong & Li 2014).
Description. See Kranz-Baltensperger (2014) and Ono (2009) for details of description.
Distribution. China, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu and the Nansei Islands). See also Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. In Okinawa Island, this species was collected in woods at an urban park. In Kumamoto, it was collected at dried and artificially disturbed area in a shrine. Spiders were found under peeled barks and dead leave layers of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, (1825) tree.
Remarks. This species was originally described in Japan based on specimens collected from Saga Prefecture (B̂senberg & Strand 1906). Although several additional records from Japan have been reported (Uyemura 1937; Fukasawa 1940; Kikuya 1985), none provided information on voucher specimens. Furthermore, Uyemura (1937) erroneously captioned an illustration of G. cataphracta as X. karschi (Fig. 8 in Uyemura 1937). Therefore, this constitutes the second record of X. karschi from Japan with voucher specimens.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Ischnothyreus Simon 1893
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Ischnothyreus

description: Genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893
Remarks. Currently, Ischnothyreus includes 124 species, most of which have been recorded from tropical regions in East to Southeast Asia, and Australia (World Spider Catalog 2023). The genus was established based on the type species I. peltifer from St. Vincent (Simon 1893). The genus is characterized by small- or intermediate- sized scutum on the dorsum of abdomen that rarely cover the entire abdomen, dark colored and sclerotized palp, and the absence of scutum between the epigastric region and spinnerets (Saaristo 2001; Saaristo 2010; Ono 2009; Brescovit et al. 2019).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Ischnothyreus peltifer
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Ischnothyreus
Ischnothyreus peltifer

description: Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1892)
Fig. 7A–H
Ischnaspis peltifer Simon, 1892: 562, four female syntypes from Saint Vincent, Antilles, in BMNH, and one female syntype from St. Vincent, in MNHN; not examined.
See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for the complete taxonomic list.
Materials Examined. Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male, Nago (26°35'13.2"N, 127°59'49.5"E), Nago City, 28- III-2019, K. Endo leg. Aka Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 female, grassland at forest side (26°11'54.5"N, 127°16'55.7"E), Aka, Zamami Village, Shimajiri District, 16-III-2022, Y. Suzuki leg. Kume Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 2 females (NSMTAr 21916), Shirase River (26°20'39.5"N, 126°45'56.6"E), Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, 2-XII-2021, Y. Suzuki leg. 1 female 1 male (NSMT-Ar 21917), Uegusuku (26°23'22.9"N, 126°46'01.4"E), Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, 3-XII-2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Iriomote Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 2 male 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21918, Haiminaka, Taketomi Town, Yaeyama District, 18-II-2016, K. Ogata leg.
Diagnosis. See the diagnosis section of I. velox below.
Description. See Saaristo (2001, 2010) and Brescovit et al. (2019) for further details.
Distribution. Tropical Asia. Introduced to North, Central, South America, Britain, Switzerland, Gaboon, Seychelles, Madagascar, Hawaii. Also see Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. This species was collected from disturbed habitat such as coastal forests beside airports.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Opopaea syarakui
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Opopaea
Opopaea syarakui

description: Opopaea syarakui (Komatsu, 1967)
Fig. 5G–P
Gamasomorpha syarakui Komatsu, 1967: 46, text-f. 1, fig. 1–8, female holotype from Tokushima, Japan; not examined.
See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for the complete taxonomic list.
Materials Examined. Izena Island (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male (FB, per. coll.), dry forest litter along the road (26°54'56.4"N, 127°56'34.2"E), Izena, Shimajiri District, 24-II-2021, F. Ballarin, leg. Kumamoto Pref.: 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21915), Sugawara Shrine (32°48'40.6"N, 130°44'38.2"E), Hotakubohonmachi, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto City, 24-III-2022, R. Hidaka leg.; 1 male, Sugawara Shrine (32°48'40.6"N, 130°44'38.2"E), Hotakubohonmachi, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto City, 4-IV-2022, R. Hidaka leg.
Diagnosis. Opopaea syarakui resembles O. furcula Tong & Li, 2010 in having the following combination of characteristics: body reddish-orange, dorsum of carapace lacking cps and pt distinctively thicker and longer than cb, but can be distinguished by the following features: usr presents on the anterior side of the abdomen of O. syarakui (Fig. 5K, P), while absent in O. furcula (Fig. 4D in Tong & Li 2010); triangular pd with distinctively sclerotized margins on the epigastric region of O. syarakui (Fig. 5O), while rounded and shallow pd in O. furcula (Fig. 4G in Tong & Li 2010). Opopaea syarakui is also similar to O. media Song & Xu, 1984 in general appearances and the shape of pd, but can be distinguished by the shape of cb: ventral side of cb slightly narrower proximally in O. syarakui (Fig. 5J, also see Figs. 4, 5 in Komatsu 1967), while suddenly narrower proximally in O. media (Fig. 5 in Song & Xu 1984).
Description. See Ono (2009) for further details.
Distribution. Korea, Japan. Also see Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. In Japan, this species was collected from litter layers and tree barks.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Heteroonops Dalmas 1916
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Heteroonops

description: Genus Heteroonops Dalmas, 1916
Remarks. The genus currently includes 25 species, mostly recorded in Central America (World Spider Catalog 2023). The genus was established based on the type species Oonops spinimanus from St. Vincent (Simon 1892). Species of the genus completely lack scutum on the abdomen and are characterized by pale yellow or yellowish orange bodies, well-spined and elongated pedipalps in females, and the presence of one or two backward-pointing projections on the male palp (Platnick & Dupérré 2009).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Heteroonops spinimanus
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Heteroonops
Heteroonops spinimanus

description: Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1892)
Fig. 10A–E
Oonops spinimanus Simon, 1892: p.563, pl. 42, fig. 6, female holotype from Saint Vincent Island, Antilles and Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela; not examined.
See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for complete taxonomic list.
Materials examined. 3 females (one female: NSMT-Ar 21923), besides Naha Port Facility (26°12’19.8”N, 127°40’04.0”E), Kakinohana Town, Naha City, Okinawa Pref., 26-II-2022, Y. Suzuki leg.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the congeners by the enlarged posterior projection on the palpal endites and the two black thorn-like extensions (embolus and conductor) and the umbrella-shaped anterior receptaculum in the female genitalia (see Figs 87–88, 95–97 in Platnick & Dupérré 2009).
Description. See Saaristo (2001, 2010) and Brescovit et al. (2019) for details.
Distribution. North to South America, Caribbean. Introduced to Macaronesia, Netherlands, Germany, Czechia, Seychelles, Madagascar, Australia, Pacific Is. Also see Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. In the Nansei Islands, this species was found from disturbed environments such as soil of bushes along military port.
Remarks. Females are dominantly collected while males are rare, suggesting occurrence of parthenogenetic populations (Brescovit et al. 2019; Platnick & Dupérré 2009).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on pages 236-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Orchestina Simon 1882
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Orchestina

description: Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882
Remarks. Currently, Orchestina includes 162 species that are distributed worldwide (World Spider Catalog 2023). The genus was established based on the type species Schoenobates pavesii Simon, 1873 from France. This genus can be easily distinguished from other genera by the absence of scutum on the dorsum of abdomen, and a well-developed femur IV enabling it to jump (Ono 2009; Izquierdo & Ramírez 2017).
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
Orchestina flava Ono 2005
Creators: name: Suzuki, Yuya
name: Hidaka, Ryota
name: Tatsuta, Haruki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Orchestina
Orchestina flava

description: Orchestina flava Ono, 2005
Fig. 10F–L
Orchestina flava Ono, 2005: p.38, fig. 1–10, male holotype, female allotype and male and female paratypes from Okinoerabu Is., Japan; not examined; Ono, 2009: 101, fig. 5–11.
Materials examined. Yakushima Is.: 1 male 7 females (FB. per. coll.), broadleaf forest litter (30°22'57.3"N, 130°37'28.2"E), Koseda, Kagoshima Pref., 23-IX-2021, F. Ballarin leg.; 1 female (FB. per. coll.), under rocks and plants on a sandy seashore (30.40742N, 130.43409E), Inakahama Beach, Nagata, Kagoshima, 26-IX-2021, F. Ballarin leg. Okinawa Is.: 1 female, Yona, Kunigami Village, Kunigami District, 19-III-2022, Y. Suzuki leg. Aka Is.: 10 males 10 females, grassland at forest side (26°11'54.5"N, 127°16'55.7"E), Aka, Zamami Village, Shimajiri District, Okinawa, 16-III-2022, Y. Suzuki leg. Iriomote Is.: 1 male 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21924), Uehara, Taketomi Town, Yaeyama District, Okinawa pref., 3-XI-2021, Y. Suzuki leg.
Diagnosis. According to Ono (2005), O. flava resembles O. thoracica Xu, 1987 but can be distinguished by the shape of the apophysis of the male maxilla, the size of the tibia of the male palp, and the shape of the female genitalia. This species is also similar to O. bialata Liu, Xiao & Xu, 2016 in general appearance and the shape of the male palp, but can easily be differentiated by the shape of male endites and sperm ducts (Figs. 3, 8 in Ono 2005 vs. Fig. 6F, 7A in Liu et al. 2016).
Description. See Ono (2005) for further details.
Distribution. Japan (the Nansei Islands). Also see Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.
Habitat. This species was collected from various habitats, such as litter layer in forests and bushes at forest sides.
description: Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, pp. 216-242 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8204188
(Allozygoneura) Menzel & Mohrig 1998
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia

description: SG Allozygoneura Menzel & Mohrig, 1998
Zygoneura (Allozygoneura) xizangensis Shah & Huang sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on page 381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura Meigen 1830
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura

description: SG Zygoneura Meigen, 1830
Zygoneura (Zygoneura) occidens Zhang & Wu, 2010
Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sajanica Mamaev, 1976
Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen, 1830
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on page 382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Allozygoneura) xizangensis Shah & Huang 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura xizangensis

description: Zygoneura (Allozygoneura) xizangensis Shah & Huang sp. nov.
(Figs 3A–E)
Measurement. Male: 2.1 mm.
Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Motuo, Zhamo Road, 29°47’20’’ N, 95°41’48’’ E, 3666 m a.s.l. 19.VII.2014, sweep net, leg. Jun Xu and Qin Mei [SM02522].
Description. Male. Head (Fig. 3A). Head and antenna light brown, maxillary palpus pale yellow. Eye bridge 4–5 facets wide (Fig. 3A). Maxillary palpus with three segments. Fourth antennal flagellomere much longer than wide, length/width = 3.86, neck significantly shorter than body, body with mostly short subequal setae (Fig. 3B). Wing (Fig. 3E) venation strong. Length/width = 2.69. R 1 as long as R. c/w = 0.70. Membrane without macrotrichia. R, R 1, and R 4+5, with macrotrichia. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, r-m with no setae. stM faintly visible. Legs (Fig. 3D) stramineous. Apex of fore tibia with a dense and irregular comb-like row of setae. Length of spur/width of tibia = 1.46. Tarsal claws untoothed. Hypopygium (Fig. 3C) stramineous. The gonocoxae much longer than gonostyli, with normal setosity, ventral medial margin without distinct groups of setae. The gonostylus (Fig. 3C) somewhat oval, with five distinct megasetae of almost equal size: two at subapical, two at apical third, one at middle region; outer margin with long setae, inner margin slightly concave in the basal half, apical area with dense short setae. Tegmen membranous, slightly wider than high, apex with medial slight depression. Aedeagus darker, long and slender (Fig. 3C).
Etymology. The species epithet ‘ xizangensis ’ refers to the Xizang Autonomous Region in China, from where the type specimen has been collected.
Remarks. The new species somewhat resembles Z. (Zygoneura) occidens Wu & Zhang in the morphology of gonostylus, and in the wing vein M 1 highly bowed at base. However, it can easily be distinguished from the latter by the five distinct megasetae of almost equal size on the gonostylus (Fig. 3E) and the flagellomere with body much longer than the neck and with mostly short subequal setae on the body (Fig. 3B), and hence, classify this species in the subgenus Allozygoneura.
Distribution. China: Xizang (this study).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 383-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura Meigen 1830
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura

description: Genus Zygoneura Meigen, 1830
Type species: Zygoneura sciarina Meigen, 1830 [Meigen (1830): 305, Pl. 65, Fig. 15 (by monotypy)].
Pharetratula Mamaev, 1968 [Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Mohrig et al. (1990): 227; Zhang & Yang (1990): 267; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62].
Allozygoneura Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 [Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 580; Zhang et al. (2010): 40; Shin et al. (2014): 561; Eiseman et al. (2016): 520].
Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 [Meigen (1830): 304; Enderlein (1911): 187, 191; Johannsen (1912): 113, 116; Lengersdorf (1928 –30): 66; Frey (1942): 21, 35; Frey (1948): 45, 69; Tuomikoski (1960): 3, 156; Steffan (1966): 32, 39; Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Steffan (1980): 234; Steffan (1981): 250; Freeman (1983): 16, 22; Mamaev (1985): 29; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Gerbachevskaya (1988): 489, 538; Amorim (1992): 68 (in part); Evenhuis (1994): 172; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62; Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 13, 88; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 84, 576, 723; Sasakawa (2003): 131; Rudzinski (2005): 375; Zhang et al. (2010): 41; Mohrig et al. (2013): 265; Shin et al. (2013): 835, 843; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 360].
Remarks. This genus is easily recognizable morphologically by the widely curved fork of wing-vein M, which is also a character of the genus Euricrium Enderlein and Pseudozygomma Mohrig. Zygoneura can be distinguished from the latter genera by characteristics such as a flagellomere with an elongated neck, a gonostylus lacking a tooth, absence of microtrichia on the posterior veins (M and Cu) of the wing, and a uniform coloration of the wing membrane without distinct brown bands..
Distribution. Palearctic, Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions (Shin et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on page 381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Pharetratula Mamaev 1968
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Pharetratula

description: SG Pharetratula Mamaev, 1968
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) disparilis Zhang & Wu, 2010
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev, 1976)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev, 1968)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang & Wu, 2010
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) minuscula Shah & Huang sp. nov.
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) motuoensis Shah & Huang sp. nov.
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev, 1990)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) transferata Rudzinski, 2005
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) yangi Shah & Huang sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on page 382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura bidens

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968)
(Figs 4A–C)
Pharetratula bidens Mamaev, 1968 [Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 138; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62; Yagi & Sawada (2000): 36].
Pharetratula sinica Zhang & Yang, 1990 [Zhang & Yang (1990): 267].
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968) [Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 585; Zhang et al. (2010): 42; Shin et al. (2014): 563; Huang et al. (2020): 360].
Material examined. 1♂, China, Inner Mongolia, Zhuozi, Baoan Linchang, 40°48’35.25’’ N, 112°16’51.11’’ E, 30.VIII.1987, leg. Chi-kun Yang [ZAFUBS001].
Remarks. Zhang & Yang (1990) identified Pharetratula sinica for the first and only time from China. Later, Menzel & Mohrig (2000) synonymized this species with Z. (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev). The holotype of this species is in a very poor condition, making it difficult to identify (Figs 4A–C). However, the figure plates provided by Zhang & Yang (1990) show that the apex of gonostylus in this species is highly curved, hook-like as compared to the oval, faintly curved gonostylus of Z. bidens (Zhang & Yang 1990: 268, Fig. 1E). Therefore, we assume that this can be a different species. For the moment, we still regard this morphological difference as intraspecific variability and continue to treat Pharetratula sinica Zhang & Yang as a junior synonym of Z. (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev) until additional morphologically identical specimens are discovered.
Distribution. China: Inner Mongolia (Zhang & Yang 1990; Zhang et al. 2010), Korea (Shin et al. 2014), Russia (Mamaev 1968).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 384-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) disparilis Zhang & Wu 2010
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura disparilis

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) disparilis Zhang & Wu, 2010
(Figs 5A–C)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) disparilis Zhang & Wu, 2010 [Zhang et al. (2010): 43; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 360].
Type locality. China: Yunnan Province, Yingjiang.
Type Material. Holotype (1♂) in Coll. ZAFU (China).
Material examined. Holotype [SM00789], 1♂, Yunnan Province, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan nature reserve, 24°37.667′ N, 97°37.893′ E, 1513 m a.s.l. 16.V.2009, leg. Su-Jiong Zhang.
Additional description. Male. Head dark brown, antenna and maxillary palpus yellowish. Eye bridge three facets wide. Face with 5–6 setae. Maxillary palpus with three segments, 3rd segment long (Zhang et al. 2010: 42, Fig. 1B). Fourth antennal flagellomere 2.83 times as long as wide, with neck much longer, body with mostly short setae and with a row of distinctly elongated setae near the neck (Fig. 5C). Thorax light brown. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, r-m with no setae. stM faded in the specimen. Legs (Fig. 5A) stramineous. Tarsal claws three-toothed. Hypopygium (Fig. 5B) yellowish brown. Gonocoxae nearly as long as gonostyli, ventral medial margin with two distinct groups of setae. Gonostylus (Fig. 5B) stout, with two megasetae of unequal length overlap each other, apex attenuated, broadly round with numerous short setae. Tegmen membranous, higher than wide. Aedeagus short, slender (Zhang et al. 2010: 42, Fig. 1E). For detailed description, see Zhang et al. (2010).
Remarks. Only holotype seen, 1♂ paratype [SM00824] lost, 1♂ paratype [SM00919] on loan and not examined in this study. This species resembles Z. (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev) and Z. (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev) in having a pair of megasetae but can be recognized by the gonostylus attenuated at the apex, and two megasetae on a shorter dorsal lobe, of unequal length, overlap each other in ventral view (Fig. 5B).
Distribution. China: Yunnan (Zhang et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 385-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura divergens

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev, 1976)
(Figs 6A–D)
Pharetratula divergens Mamaev, 1976 [Mamaev (1976): 138].
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev) [Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 582; Zhang et al. (2010): 41; Shin et al. (2014): 562].
Material examined. 2♂♂, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji, Mt. Longwang, 30°14’6’’ N, 119°14’42’’ E, 681 m a.s.l. 18.XI.2018, malaise trap, leg. Caixia Liu [LW-XG832, LW-XG451]; 1♂, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an, Mt. Tianmu, 30°12’7.2’’ N, 119°15’18’’ E, 979 m a.s.l., 29.VII.2018, malaise trap, leg. Zuluan Chen [TMM-925-2].
Remarks. This species greatly resembles Z. (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig &Mamaev) in the morphology of hypopygium. However, it can readily be differentiated from the latter in the ventral medial margin of gonocoxa without distinct lobes and gonostylus with two megasetae near the ventral side (Fig. 6B). This is the first record of this species from China.
Distribution. China: Zhejiang (this study), Russia (Mamaev 1976; Menzel & Mohrig 2000).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 386-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura flavicornis

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev, 1968)
(Figs 7A–C)
Pharetratula flavicornis Mamaev, 1968 [Mamaev (1968): 611; Mamaev (1976): 138; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Mohrig et al. (1992): 32; Yagi & Sawada (2000): 37].
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev) [Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 582; Zhang et al. (2010): 41; Shin et al. (2014): 564].
Material examined. 2♂♂, China, Heilongjiang Province, Mt. Maoer nature reserve, 45°15’ N, 128°13’ E, 26.VII.2008, sweep net, leg. Sujiong Zhang [SM00188, SM00189].
Remarks. The studied specimens (2♂♂: SM00188–00189) were earlier recorded mistakenly as Z. (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev) by Zhang et al. (2010), which are now identified correctly as Z. (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev). This species resembles Z. (Pharetratula) disparilis Zhang & Wu in the appearance of gonostylus. However, it can easily be distinguished from the latter by the gonostylus with two megasetae parallel to each other and not overlapping in ventral view (Fig. 7B). This species is a new record to the Chinese checklist.
Distribution. China: Heilongjiang (this study), Korea (North and South), Russia (Shin et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 387-388, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang & Wu 2010
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura longa

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang & Wu, 2010
(Figs 8A–D)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang & Wu, 2010 [Zhang et al. (2010): 43; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 360].
Type locality. China: Zhejiang Province, Lishui.
Type Material. Holotype (1♂) in Coll. ZAFU (China).
Material examined. Holotype [SM00948], 1♂, Zhejiang Province, Lishui, Taishun, Mt. Wuyanling nature reserve, 28°01′ N, 120°38′ E, 600 m a.s.l. 04.VIII.2005, leg. Yi-Ping Wang.
Additional description. Male. Head brown, antenna and maxillary palpus stramineous. Eye bridge four facets wide. Face with 6–8 setae. Maxillary palpus with three segments (Fig. 8B). Fourth antennal flagellomere 2.5 times as long as wide, body with mostly short setae and with a row of clearly elongated setae near the neck (Fig. 8D). Thorax pale brown. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, r-m with no setae. stM faded in the specimen. Legs (Fig. 8A) stramineous. Tarsal claws three-toothed. Hypopygium (Fig. 8C) yellowish brown. Gonocoxae nearly as long as or slightly longer than gonostyli, ventral medial margin with two distinct groups of setae. Gonostylus (Fig. 8C) slender, with a sub-apical and a sub-basal megasetae, inner margin slightly concave, with short fine setae. Tegmen membranous, higher than wide.Aedeagus short, slender (Fig. 8C). For detailed description, see Zhang et al. (2010).
Remarks. Only holotype seen, 2♂♂ paratypes [SM00129, SM00507] on loan and not examined in this study. This species resembles Z. (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) and Z. (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev) in the subapical and sub-basal megasetae. However, it can easily be distinguished by the distinctly more slender gonostylus (Fig. 8C) and two unequal megasetae (Zhang et al. 2010).
Distribution. China: Zhejiang, Fujian (Zhang et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 388-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) motuoensis Shah & Shao & Du & Wang & Huang 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura motuoensis

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) motuoensis Shah & Huang sp. nov.
(Figs 10A–D)
Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Motuo, Beibeng, Dexing, 29°21’35.9’’ N, 95°13’12’’ E, 778 m a.s.l., 31.V.2019, leg. Qicheng Yang [ZAFUXZ98].
Description. Male. Head (Fig. 10A). Head and antenna yellowish brown, maxillary palpus stramineous. Eye bridge 2–3 facets wide. Maxillary palpus with three segments, basal segment with four setae, with an indistinct sensory fossa; 2nd segment with six setae; 3rd segment long with five setae (Fig. 10A). Fourth antennal flagellomere much longer than wide, length/width = 3.33, body with almost subequal long setae, longest setae as long as or slightly longer than neck of flagellomere (Fig. 10B). Wing with anterior veins darker than posterior veins, membrane without macrotrichia. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, r-m with no setae. stM faintly visible in the specimen. Legs stramineous. Apex of fore tibia with a short comb-like row of setae. Tarsal claws three-toothed. Hypopygium (Figs 10C–D) yellowish brown. The gonocoxae much longer than gonostyli, outer margin with normal setosity, inner margin bare, ventral medial margin of gonocoxa without distinct lobes. The gonostylus with two strong, tusk-shaped, megasetae at the apical third, outer margin with long setae, inner margin bare, apical area with dense short setosity (Figs 10C–D). Tegmen membranous, slightly wider than high. Aedeagus strong and slender.
Etymology. The species epithet ‘ motuoensis ’ refers to the type locality ‘Motuo’ in Xizang Province, China, from where the type specimen has been collected.
Remarks. This species resembles Z. (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev) in the two megasetae of gonostylus close to each other but can be differentiated from the latter species by the stronger, tusk-shaped megasetae in the apical third (Figs 10C–D). Although the flagellomere body has long subequal setae (Fig. 10B), nevertheless the other features like the shape of the flagellomere,very similar to Pharetratula and DNA barcoding analysis also classify this new species to the subgenus Pharetratula. Furthermore, the holotype of this species (especially wings and legs) is in poor condition, and the diagnostic characters were carefully examined, and all possible images were added to the figure plate for visual evidence.
Distribution. China: Xizang (this study).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 390-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) subdivergens
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura subdivergens

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev, 1990)
(Figs 11A–D)
Pharetratula subdivergens Mohrig & Mamaev, 1990 [Mohrig et al. (1990): 227].
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) [Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 587; Zhang et al. (2010): 41; Shin et al. (2014): 562].
Material examined. China, Zhejiang Province, Anji, Mt. Longwang, 30°13’55.2’’ N, 119°14’38.4’’ E, 988 m a.s.l., malaise trap, coll. Caixia Liu: 1♂, 16.VII.2018 [LW-QMT382]; 1♂, 17.VII.2018 [LW-XG397]; 1♂, 16.X.2018 [LW-XG566-2]; 1♂, 18.XI.2018 [LW-XG806-2].
Remarks. This is the first report of this species from China. This species greatly resembles Z. (Pharetratula) longa Zhang & Wu in the subapical and sub-basal megasetae on the gonostylus. However, it can readily be differentiated from the latter in the stouter gonostylus rather than the more slender one (Fig. 11B). Z. (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) also resembles Z. (Pharetratula) divergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) in the stout gonostylus with subapical and sub-basal megasetae. However, it can easily be distinguished by the pair of distinct lobes on the ventral medial margin of the gonocoxa (Fig. 11B).
Distribution. China: Zhejiang (this study), Russia (Mohrig et al. 1990; Menzel & Mohrig 2000).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 391-392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) transferata Rudzinski. A 2005
Creators: name: Shah, Bismillah
name: Shao, Yisa
name: Du, Hong
name: Wang, Yang
name: Huang, Junhao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Zygoneura
Zygoneura transferata

description: Zygoneura (Pharetratula) transferata Rudzinski, 2005
(Figs 12A–E)
Zygoneura (Pharetratula) transferata Rudzinski, 2005 [Rudzinski (2005): 375 –377; Zhang et al. (2010): 45; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 361].
Material examined. 1♂, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji, Mt. Longwang, 30°13’55.2’’ N, 119°14’38.4’’ E, 989 m a.s.l., malaise trap, 19.XI.2018, leg. Caixia Liu [LW-QMT361].
Remarks. This species was first reported from China (Taiwan) by Rudzinski (2005), and this is the first record of this species from the mainland. This species also resembles Z. (Zygoneura) flavicoxa Johannsen in the morphology of gonostylus. However, it can easily be distinguished from the latter by the flagellomere with mostly short setae on the body and with a row of distinctly elongated setae near the neck (Fig. 12D), and hence, classify this species in the subgenus Pharetratula.
Distribution. China: Taiwan (Rudzinski 2005; Zhang et al. 2010) Zhejiang (this study).
description: Published as part of Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, pp. 377-400 in Zootaxa 5496 (3) on pages 392-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13346901