cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Private Insurance, Public Welfare, and Financial Markets: Alpine and Maritime Countries in Comparative-Historical Perspective
Creators: name: Heide, Arjen Van Der
name: Kohl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Versicherungswesen
subject: Spielarten des Kapitalismus
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Contemporary capitalist societies use different institutions to manage economic risks. While different public welfare state and financial institutions (banks, capital markets) have been studied across coordinated and liberal market economies, the different worlds of private insurance institutions have been understudied. Building on new insurance data sets (1880–2017), we find that countries with a Maritime (USA, GBR, CAN) in contrast to the more backward Alpine (AUT, DEU, CHE) insurance tradition developed bigger life and nonlife insurance earlier, with less state-associated and reinsurance enterprises, but riskier investments steered toward financial markets. We argue that the larger and more “Maritime” the insurance sector, the more it made welfare states liberal and securities markets large. Insurance is thus a hidden factor for countries’ varieties of capitalism and worlds of welfare. The recent convergence on the Maritime model, however, implies that the riskier and risk-individualizing type of private insurance has added to privatization and securitization trends everywhere.
Hypergeometric τ-functions, Hurwitz numbers and enumeration of paths
Creators: name: Harnad, J.
name: Orlov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A multiparametric family of 2D Toda $τ$-functions of hypergeometric type is shown to provide generating functions for composite, signed Hurwitz numbers that enumerate certain classes of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere and paths in the Cayley graph of $S_n$. The coefficients $F^{c_1, ..., c_l}_{d_1, ..., d_m}(μ, ν)$ in their series expansion over products $P_μP'_ν$ of power sum symmetric functions in the two sets of Toda flow parameters and powers of the $l+m$ auxiliary parameters are shown to enumerate $|μ|=|ν|=n$ fold branched covers of the Riemann sphere with specified ramification profiles $ μ$ and $ν$ at a pair of points, and two sets of additional branch paints, satisfying certain additional conditions on their ramification profile lengths. The first group consists of $l$ branch points, with ramification profile lengths fixed to be the numbers $(n-c_1, ..., n- c_l)$; the second consists of $m$ further groups of "coloured" branch points, of variable number, for which the sums of the complements of the ramification profile lengths within the groups are fixed to equal the numbers $(d_1, ..., d_m)$. The latter are counted with sign determined by the parity of the total number of such branch points. The coefficients $F^{c_1, ..., c_l}_{d_1, ..., d_m}(μ, ν)$ are also shown to enumerate paths in the Cayley graph of the symmetric group $S_n$ generated by transpositions, starting, as in the usual double Hurwitz case, at an element in the conjugacy class of cycle type $μ$ and ending in the class of type $ν$, but with the first $l$ consecutive subsequences of $(c_1, ..., c_l)$ transpositions strictly monotonically increasing, and the subsequent subsequences of $(d_1, ..., d_m)$ transpositions weakly increasing.
description: 22 pages. References updated. To appear in Commun. Math. Whys. (in press, 2015)
Absence of logarithmic divergence of the entanglement entropies at the phase transitions of a 2D classical hard rod model
Creators: name: Chatelain, Christophe
name: Gendiar, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy is a powerful tool to detect continuous, discontinuous and even topological phase transitions in quantum as well as classical systems. In this work, von Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies are studied numerically for classical lattice models in a square geometry. A cut is made from the center of the square to the midpoint of one of its edges, say the right edge. The entanglement entropies measure the entanglement between the left and right halves of the system. As in the strip geometry, von Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies diverge logarithmically at the transition point while they display a jump for first-order phase transitions. The analysis is extended to a classical model of non-overlapping finite hard rods deposited on a square lattice for which Monte Carlo simulations have shown that, when the hard rods span over 7 or more lattice sites, a nematic phase appears in the phase diagram between two disordered phases. A new Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm (CTMRG) is introduced to study this model. No logarithmic divergence of entanglement entropies is observed at the phase transitions in the CTMRG calculation discussed here. We therefore infer that the transitions neither can belong to the Ising universality class, as previously assumed in the literature, nor be discontinuous.
Adaptive super-twisting observer for fault reconstruction in electro-hydraulic systems
Creators: name: Bahrami, Rayan
name: Naraghi, Mahyar
name: Zareinejad, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An adaptive-gain super-twisting sliding mode observer is proposed for fault reconstruction in electro-hydraulic servo systems (EHSS) receiving bounded perturbations with unknown bounds. The objective is to address challenging problems in classic sliding mode observers: chattering effect, conservatism of observer gains, strong condition on the distribution of faults and uncertainties. In this paper, the proposed super-twisting sliding mode observer relaxes the condition on the distribution of uncertainties and faults, and the gain adaptation law leads to eliminate observer gain overestimation and attenuate chattering effects. After using the equivalent output-error-injection feature of sliding mode techniques, a fault reconstruction strategy is proposed. The experimental results are presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive super-twisting observer for precise fault reconstruction in electro-hydraulic servo systems.
description: Final version
Online Graph Exploration on Trees, Unicyclic Graphs and Cactus Graphs
Creators: name: Fritsch, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of exploring all vertices of an undirected weighted graph that is initially unknown to the searcher. An edge of the graph is only revealed when the searcher visits one of its endpoints. Beginning at some start node, the searcher's goal is to visit every vertex of the graph before returning to the start node on a tour as short as possible. We prove that the Nearest Neighbor algorithm's competitive ratio on trees with $n$ vertices is $Θ(\log n)$, i.e. no better than on general graphs. Furthermore, we examine the algorithm Blocking for a range of parameters not considered previously and prove it is 3-competitive on unicyclic graphs as well as $5/2+\sqrt{2}\approx 3.91$-competitive on cactus graphs. The best known lower bound for these two graph classes is 2.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Blazar Variability: A Study of Non-stationarity and the Flux-RMS Relation
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Joy
name: Ghosh, Ritesh
name: Chatterjee, Ritaban
name: Das, Nabanita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze X-ray light curves of the blazars Mrk 421, PKS 2155-304, and 3C 273 using observations by the Soft X-ray Telescope on board AstroSat and archival XMM-Newton data. We use light curves of length 30-90 ks each from 3-4 epochs for all three blazars. We apply the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model which indicates the variability is consistent with short memory processes for most of the epochs. We show that the power spectral density (PSD) of the X-ray variability of the individual blazars are consistent within uncertainties across the epochs. This implies that the construction of broadband PSD using light curves from different epochs is accurate. However, using certain properties of the variance of the light curves and its segments, we show that the blazars exhibit hints of non-stationarity beyond that due to their characteristic red noise nature in some of those observations. We find a linear relationship between the root-mean-squared amplitude of variability at shorter timescales and the mean flux level at longer timescales for light curves of Mrk 421 across epochs separated by decades as well as light curves spanning 5 days and $\sim$10 yr. The presence of flux-rms relation over very different timescales may imply that, similar to the X-ray binaries and Seyfert galaxies, longer and shorter timescale variability are connected in blazars.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Cross-temporal forecast reconciliation: Optimal combination method and heuristic alternatives
Creators: name: Di Fonzo, Tommaso
name: Girolimetto, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Forecast reconciliation is a post-forecasting process aimed to improve the quality of the base forecasts for a system of hierarchical/grouped time series (Hyndman et al., 2011). Contemporaneous (cross-sectional) and temporal hierarchies have been considered in the literature, but - except for Kourentzes and Athanasopoulos (2019) - generally these two features have not been fully considered together. Adopting a notation able to simultaneously deal with both forecast reconciliation dimensions, the paper shows two new results: (i) an iterative cross-temporal forecast reconciliation procedure which extends, and overcomes some weaknesses of, the two-step procedure by Kourentzes and Athanasopoulos (2019), and (ii) the closed-form expression of the optimal (in least squares sense) point forecasts which fulfill both contemporaneous and temporal constraints. The feasibility of the proposed procedures, along with first evaluations of their performance as compared to the most performing `single dimension' (either cross-sectional or temporal) forecast reconciliation procedures, is studied through a forecasting experiment on the 95 quarterly time series of the Australian GDP from Income and Expenditure sides considered by Athanasopoulos et al. (2019).
description: Main text: 49 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Appendix: 68 pages, 29 figures, 17 tables
Thermal Properties of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Fedoseew, Andreas
name: Lenske, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal properties of asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated in a relativistic mean- field approach. We start from free space NN-interactions and derive in-medium self-energies by Dirac-Brueckner theory. By the DDRH procedure we derive in a self-consistent approach density- dependent meson-baryon vertices. At the mean-field level, we include isoscalar and isovector scalar and vector interactions. The nuclear equation of state is investigated for a large range of total baryon densities up to the neutron star regime, the full range of asymmetries from symmetric nuclear matter to pure neutron matter, and temperatures up to T~100 MeV. The isovector-scalar self-energies are found to modify strongly the thermal properties of asymmetric nuclear matter. A striking result is the change of phase transitions when isovector-scalar self-energies are included.
description: 32 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables
On the tree-width of even-hole-free graphs
Creators: name: Aboulker, Pierre
name: Adler, Isolde
name: Kim, Eun Jung
name: Sintiari, Ni Luh Dewi
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The class of all even-hole-free graphs has unbounded tree-width, as it contains all complete graphs. Recently, a class of (even-hole, $K_4$)-free graphs was constructed, that still has unbounded tree-width [Sintiari and Trotignon, 2019]. The class has unbounded degree and contains arbitrarily large clique-minors. We ask whether this is necessary. We prove that for every graph $G$, if $G$ excludes a fixed graph $H$ as a minor, then $G$ either has small tree-width, or $G$ contains a large wall or the line graph of a large wall as induced subgraph. This can be seen as a strengthening of Robertson and Seymour's excluded grid theorem for the case of minor-free graphs. Our theorem implies that every class of even-hole-free graphs excluding a fixed graph as a minor has bounded tree-width. In fact, our theorem applies to a more general class: (theta, prism)-free graphs. This implies the known result that planar even hole-free graph have bounded tree-width [da Silva and Linhares Sales, Discrete Applied Mathematics 2010]. We conjecture that even-hole-free graphs of bounded degree have bounded tree-width. If true, this would mean that even-hole-freeness is testable in the bounded-degree graph model of property testing. We prove the conjecture for subcubic graphs and we give a bound on the tree-width of the class of (even hole, pyramid)-free graphs of degree at most 4.
title: Genossenschaften und Energiegemeinschaften in Österreich
Creators: name: Giebelhausen, Sascha
Year: 2022

description: Durch das 2021 in Kraft getretene Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz ist es möglich in Österreich Erneuerbare Energiegemeinschaften zu gründen. Durch deren Aufkommen kann in den nächsten Jahren mit der Zunahme von Genossenschaften in Österreich gerechnet werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die aktuellen realwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen ebenso wie den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Genossenschaften und Energiegemeinschaften. Diese Themenfelder werden in die aktuelle Entwicklung zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit und Energiewende verordnet. Der Überblick aus der Forschungsliteratur wird um Erkenntnisse aus einem qualitativen Methodenmix von Befragung und Experteninterview ergänzt. Die Annahme, dass vermehrt Genossenschaften gegründet werden, wird begründet. Und in der Zusammenschau von Forschungsübersicht und den qualitativen Erkenntnissen wird die Auswirkung der Neugründungen auf das Genossenschaftswesen in Österreich dargestellt.
description: As a result of the 2021 established renewable energy legislation nowadays it is easier to found energy communities in Austria. As the numbers of energy communities will rise a rise of the numbers of cooperative can be expected. This paper examines current real economic developments as well as the current state of research on cooperatives and energy communities. These topics are aligned in the current development on the topic of sustainability and energy transition. The overview from the research literature is supplemented by findings from a qualitative mix of methods from a survey and an expert interview. The assumption that more cooperatives will be founded is justified. And in the synopsis of the research overview and the qualitative findings, the impact of the newly founded energy communities on the cooperative system in Austria is presented.
Large Area High-Resolution 3D Mapping of the Von Kármán Crater: Landing Site for the Chang’E-4 Lander and Yutu-2 Rover
Creators: name: Tao, Yu
name: Muller, Jan-Peter
name: Conway, Susan J.
name: Xiong, Siting
name: Walter, Sebastian H. G.
name: Liu, Bin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 3D mapping
subject: topography
subject: deep learning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: We demonstrate the creation of a large area of high-resolution (260 × 209 km2 at 1 m/pixel) DTM mosaic from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images over the Chang’E-4 landing site at Von Kármán crater using an in-house deep learning-based 3D modelling system developed at University College London, called MADNet, trained with lunar orthorectified images and digital terrain models (DTMs). The resultant 1 m DTM mosaic is co-aligned with the Chang’E-2 (CE-2) and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)—SELenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) blended DTM product (SLDEM), providing high spatial and vertical congruence. In this paper, technical details are briefly discussed, along with visual and quantitative assessments of the resultant DTM mosaic product. The LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic was compared with three independent DTM datasets, and the mean differences and standard deviations are as follows: PDS photogrammetric DTM at 5 m grid-spacing had a mean difference of −0.019 ± 1.09 m, CE-2 DTM at 20 m had a mean difference of −0.048 ± 1.791 m, and SLDEM at 69 m had a mean difference of 0.577 ± 94.940 m. The resultant LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic, alongside a blended LROC NAC and CE-2 MADNet DTM mosaic and a separate LROC NAC, orthorectified image mosaic, are made publicly available via the ESA planetary science archive’s guest storage facility.
Gauge Invariant Propagators and States in Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Wilson-Gerow, Jordan
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gauge invariant states in QED, where states are understood in terms of data living on the boundary of gauge invariant path-integrals. This is done for both scalar and spinor QED, and for boundaries that are either time slices, or the boundaries of a 'causal diamond'. We discuss both the case where the gauge field falls off to zero at the boundaries, and the case of 'large gauge transformations', where it remains finite at the boundaries. The dynamics are discussed using the gauge-invariant propagator, describing motion of both the particles and the field between the boundaries. We demonstrate how the path-integral naturally generates a 'Coulomb-field' dressing factor for states living on time-slices, and how this is done without fixing any gauge. We show that the form of the dressing depends only on the nature of the boundaries. We also derive the analogous dressing for states defined on null infinity, showing both its Coulombic parts as well as soft-photon parts.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Spinor representation of Lorentzian surfaces in R^{2,2}
Creators: name: Bayard, Pierre
name: Patty, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B25, 53C27, 53C42, 53C50

description: We prove that an isometric immersion of a simply connected Lorentzian surface in $\mathbb{R}^{2,2}$ is equivalent to a normalised spinor field solution of a Dirac equation on the surface. Using the quaternions and the Lorentz numbers, we also obtain an explicit representation formula of the immersion in terms of the spinor field. We then apply the representation formula in $\mathbb{R}^{2,2}$ to give a new spinor representation formula for Lorentzian surfaces in 3-dimensional Minkowski space. Finally, we apply the representation formula to the local description of the flat Lorentzian surfaces with flat normal bundle and regular Gauss map in $\mathbb{R}^{2,2},$ and show that these surfaces locally depend on four real functions of one real variable, or on one holomorphic function together with two real functions of one real variable, depending on the sign of a natural invariant.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.3543 . Many improvements concerning the writing of the paper. To appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics
New paradigm for a disordered superconductor in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Datta, Anushree
name: Banerjee, Anurag
name: Trivedi, Nandini
name: Ghosal, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that while orbital magnetic field and disorder, acting individually weaken superconductivity, acting together they produce an intriguing evolution of a two-dimensional type-II s-wave superconductor. For weak disorder, the critical field H_c at which the superfluid density collapses is coincident with the field at which the superconducting energy gap gets suppressed. However, with increasing disorder these two fields diverge from each other creating a pseudogap region. The nature of vortices also transform from Abrikosov vortices with a metallic core for weak disorder to Josephson vortices with gapped and insulating cores for higher disorder. Our results naturally explain two outstanding puzzles: (1) the gigantic magnetoresistance peak observed as a function of magnetic field in thin disordered superconducting films; and (2) the disappearance of the celebrated zero-bias Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon peak in disordered superconductors.
description: 7+3 pages, 5+3 figures
title: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien
Creators: name: Kutschera, Mathias
Year: 2022

description: Die im Zuge der Masterarbeit analysierten Daten geben Aufschluss darüber, dass es ausschließlich geringe Unterschiede mit kleinen Effekten bis keine Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Ausbildung, Nutzung und Einstellung von IKT zwischen Bewegung- und Sportlehrpersonen und Lehrpersonen aus anderen Fächern gibt. Innerhalb der BuS (Bewegung- und Sport) Stichprobe kam es zu Unterschieden, die voraussichtlich auf verschiedene Altersaufteilungen bei den Bewegung- und Sportlehrkräften zurückzuführen sind. Das Vorhandensein von IKT in der Ausbildung scheint als Mediator für diese Unterschiede zu wirken und gilt als wichtige Voraussetzung für das Gefühl, auf den Unterricht mit IKT vorbereitet zu sein.
description: The data analyzed during the master's thesis provide information that there are only minor differences with small effects or no differences in relation to the training, use and attitude of ICT between physical activity and physical education teachers and teachers from other subjects. There were differences within the PE (physical education) sample, which are probably due to different age distributions among the physical activity and physical education teachers. The presence of ICT in education seems to act as a mediator for these differences and is seen as an important precondition for feeling prepared for ICT teaching.
Super Luminous Supernovae as standardizable candles and high redshift distance probes
Creators: name: Inserra, Cosimo
name: Smartt, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the use of type Ic Super Luminous Supernovae as standardizable candles and distance indicators. Their appeal as cosmological probes stems from their remarkable peak luminosities, hot blackbody temperatures and bright restframe ultraviolet emission. We present a sample of sixteen published SLSN, from redshifts 0.1 to 1.2 and calculate accurate K-corrections to determine uniform magnitudes in two synthetic rest-frame filters with central wavelengths at 400nm and 520nm. At 400nm, we find a low scatter in their uncorrected, raw mean magnitudes with M(400)=-21.70 for the full sample of sixteen objects. We investigate the correlation between their decline rates and peak magnitude and find that the brighter events appear to decline more slowly. We define a $ΔM(30)$ decay relation. This correlates peak magnitude and decline over 30 days and can reduce the scatter to 0.25. We further show that M(400) appears to have a strong colour dependence. Using this colour rate decay relation, a low scatter of between 0.19 and 0.26 can be found depending on sample selection. However we caution that only eight to ten objects currently have enough data to test this colour rate decline relation. We conclude that SLSN Ic are promising distance indicators at high redshift in regimes beyond those possible with SNe Ia. Although the empirical relationships are encouraging, the unknown progenitor systems and how they may evolve with redshift are of some concern. The two major measurement uncertainties are the limited numbers of low redshift objects to test these relationships and internal dust extinction in the host galaxies.
description: The authors regret that in the published version (2014, APJ, 796, 87) there were calculation errors in many of the values in Table 1 and in particular the important values for M(400) and the decline rates. The two main conclusions of the paper are unchanged, but the quantitative rms values are larger than previously reported
IRS-Assisted Active Device Detection
Creators: name: Laue, Friedemann
name: Jamali, Vahid
name: Schober, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper studies intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted active device detection. Since the locations of the devices are a priori unknown, optimal IRS beam alignment is not possible and a worst-case design for a given coverage area is developed. To this end, we propose a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detection scheme and an IRS phase-shift design that minimizes the worst-case probability of misdetection. In addition to the proposed optimization-based phase-shift design, we consider two alternative suboptimal designs based on closed-form expressions for the IRS phase shifts. Our performance analysis establishes the superiority of the optimization-based design, especially for large coverage areas. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of scatterers on the proposed line-of-sight based design using simulations.
A Note on Optimal Fees for Constant Function Market Makers
Creators: name: Fritsch, Robin
name: Wattenhofer, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We suggest a framework to determine optimal trading fees for constant function market makers (CFMMs) in order to maximize liquidity provider returns. In a setting of multiple competing liquidity pools, we show that no race to the bottom occurs, but instead pure Nash equilibria of optimal fees exist. We theoretically prove the existence of these equilibria for pools using the constant product trade function used in popular CFMMs like Uniswap. We also numerically compute the equilibria for a number of examples and discuss the effects the equilibrium fees have on capital allocation among pools. Finally, we use our framework to compute optimal fees for real world pools using past trade data.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Video-rate multispectral imaging in laparoscopic surgery: First-in-human application
Creators: name: Ayala, Leonardo
name: Wirkert, Sebastian
name: Vemuri, Anant
name: Adler, Tim
name: Seidlitz, Silvia
name: Pirmann, Sebastian
name: Engels, Christina
name: Teber, Dogu
name: Maier-Hein, Lena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging (MSI/HSI) can provide clinically relevant information on morphological and functional tissue properties. Application in the operating room (OR), however, has so far been limited by complex hardware setups and slow acquisition times. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel imaging system for video-rate spectral imaging in the clinical workflow. The system integrates a small snapshot multispectral camera with a standard laparoscope and a clinically commonly used light source, enabling the recording of multispectral images with a spectral dimension of 16 at a frame rate of 25 Hz. An ongoing in patient study shows that multispectral recordings from this system can help detect perfusion changes in partial nephrectomy surgery, thus opening the doors to a wide range of clinical applications.
Deliverable 6.15 Risk Assessment System
Creators: name: Aarnes, Øivin
name: Brude, Odd-Willy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Arctic
INTAROS
Risk Assessment System
Ocean Observing Systems
Sea Ice Observing System

description: The motivation for developing an integrated risk assessment system is to provide insights and to simplify the process of integration, analysis and use of INTAROS data within Arctic marine risk assessments. This will support business planning and development in the Arctic region. The risk assessment system has been built upon “The Arctic Risk Map” (https://maps.dnvgl.com/arcticriskmap/), a system designed to present data from the Arctic marine environment in an easily accessible way with focus on clear and transparent communication. The selected use case is focused on sea ice extent and concentration with some supplemental parameters. Main data sources for the current version of the system area 30-year climatology on sea ice from the National Snow and Ice data Centre (NSIDC) and the Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis for the period 2007–2016from University of Hamburg (UHAM). The report describes a first implementation of the Risk Assessment system. It addresses the data sources and system functionality to visualise and analyse the data. The system will be further improved and enhanced until the end of the INTAROS project period and will be made available at DNV ArcGIS server. As an end user product, access to and use of the Risk Assessment system will further support the implementation of the INTAROS roadmap (D1.10) towards a future Sustainable Arctic Observing System (SAOS) based on the synthesis of results from INTAROS.
Memory Wrap: a Data-Efficient and Interpretable Extension to Image Classification Models
Creators: name: La Rosa, Biagio
name: Capobianco, Roberto
name: Nardi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to their black-box and data-hungry nature, deep learning techniques are not yet widely adopted for real-world applications in critical domains, like healthcare and justice. This paper presents Memory Wrap, a plug-and-play extension to any image classification model. Memory Wrap improves both data-efficiency and model interpretability, adopting a content-attention mechanism between the input and some memories of past training samples. We show that Memory Wrap outperforms standard classifiers when it learns from a limited set of data, and it reaches comparable performance when it learns from the full dataset. We discuss how its structure and content-attention mechanisms make predictions interpretable, compared to standard classifiers. To this end, we both show a method to build explanations by examples and counterfactuals, based on the memory content, and how to exploit them to get insights about its decision process. We test our approach on image classification tasks using several architectures on three different datasets, namely CIFAR10, SVHN, and CINIC10.
description: 22 pages
The Persistent Percolation of Single-Stream Voids
Creators: name: Falck, Bridget
name: Neyrinck, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of voids defined as single-stream regions that have not undergone shell-crossing. We use ORIGAMI to determine the cosmic web morphology of each dark matter particle in a suite of cosmological $N$-body simulations, which explicitly calculates whether a particle has crossed paths with others along multiple sets of axes and does not depend on a parameter or smoothing scale. The theoretical picture of voids is that of expanding underdensities with borders defined by shell-crossing. We find instead that locally underdense single-stream regions are not bounded on all sides by multi-stream regions, thus they percolate, filling the simulation volume; we show that the set of multi-stream particles also percolates. This percolation persists to high resolution, where the mass fraction of single-stream voids is low, because the volume fraction remains high; we speculate on the fraction of collapsed mass in the continuum limit of infinite resolution. By introducing a volume threshold parameter to define underdense void "cores", we create a catalog of ORIGAMI voids which consist entirely of single-stream particles and measure their percolation properties, volume functions, and average densities.
description: 17 pages, 20 figures; matches version published in MNRAS. ORIGAMI code available at http://icg.port.ac.uk/~falckb/
Reference analysis of the signal + background model in counting experiments II. Approximate reference prior
Creators: name: Casadei, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective Bayesian treatment of a model representing two independent Poisson processes, labelled as "signal" and "background" and both contributing additively to the total number of counted events, is considered. It is shown that the reference prior for the parameter of interest (the signal intensity) can be well approximated by the widely (ab)used flat prior only when the expected background is very high. On the other hand, a very simple approximation (the limiting form of the reference prior for perfect prior background knowledge) can be safely used over a large portion of the background parameters space. The resulting approximate reference posterior is a Gamma density whose parameters are related to the observed counts. This limiting form is simpler than the result obtained with a flat prior, with the additional advantage of representing a much closer approximation to the reference posterior in all cases. Hence such limiting prior should be considered a better default or conventional prior than the uniform prior. On the computing side, it is shown that a 2-parameter fitting function is able to reproduce extremely well the reference prior for any background prior. Thus, it can be useful in applications requiring the evaluation of the reference prior for a very large number of times. [The published version JINST 9 (2014) T10006 has a typo in the normalization $N$ of eq.(2.6) that is fixed here.]
The Signatures of Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Subhalo Disruption on Cluster Substructure
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Joy
name: Adhikari, Susmita
name: Banerjee, Arka
name: More, Surhud
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Nadler, Ethan O.
name: Chatterjee, Suchetana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance, distribution and inner structure of satellites of galaxy clusters can be sensitive probes of the properties of dark matter. We run 30 cosmological zoom-in simulations with self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), with a velocity-dependent cross-section, to study the properties of subhalos within cluster-mass hosts. We find that the abundance of subhalos that survive in the SIDM simulations are suppressed relative to their cold dark matter (CDM) counterparts. Once the population of disrupted subhalos -- which may host orphan galaxies -- are taken into account, satellite galaxy populations in CDM and SIDM models can be reconciled. However, even in this case, the inner structure of subhalos are significantly different in the two dark matter models. We study the feasibility of using the weak lensing signal from the subhalo density profiles to distinguish between the cold and self-interacting dark matter while accounting for the potential contribution of orphan galaxies. We find that the effects of self-interactions on the density profile of subhalos can appear degenerate with subhalo disruption in CDM, when orphans are accounted for. With current error bars from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Program, we find that subhalos in the outskirts of clusters (where disruption is less prevalent) can be used to constrain dark matter physics. In the future, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will give precise measurements of the weak lensing profile and can be used to constrain $σ_T/m$ at the $\sim 1$ cm$^2$ g$^{-1}$ level at $v\sim 2000$ km s$^{-1}$.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, to be submitted to ApJ
A note on the secondary simplicity constraints in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Anzà, Fabio
name: Speziale, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A debate has appeared in the literature on loop quantum gravity and spin foams, over whether the secondary simplicity constraints, reducing the connection to be Levi-Civita, should imply the shape matching conditions, reducing twisted geometries to Regge geometries. We address the question using a simple model with a flat dynamics, in which secondary simplicity constraints arise from a dynamical preservation of the primary ones. We find that shape matching conditions arise, thus providing support to an affirmative question. The origin of these extra conditions is to be found in the different graph localisation of the Hamiltonian and primary simplicity constraints. Our results are consistent with previous claims by Dittrich and Ryan, and extend their validity to Lorentzian signature and arbitrary cellular decompositions. We show in particular how the (gauge-invariant version of the) twist angle xi featuring in twisted geometries equals on-shell the Regge dihedral angle multiplied by the Immirzi parameter, thus recovering the discrete extrinsic geometry from the Ashtekar-Barbero holonomy. Finally, we confirm that flatness implies both the Levi-Civita and the shape-matching conditions using twisted geometries and a 4-dimensional version of the vertex condition appearing in 't Hooft's polygon model.
description: 20 pages. v2 many improvements: slightly different Hamiltonian, more details on the canonical analysis and on the extension to arbitrary graphs, new section added. Main conclusion unchanged, but made more precise
Bounds on the attractor dimension for magnetohydrodynamic channel flow with parallel magnetic field at low magnetic Reynolds number
Creators: name: Low, Robert
name: Potherat, Alban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate aspects of low-magnetic-Reynolds-number flow between two parallel, perfectly insulating walls, in the presence of an imposed magnetic field parallel to the bounding walls. We find a functional basis to describe the flow, well adapted to the problem of finding the attractor dimension, and which is also used in subsequent direct numerical simulation of these flows. For given Reynolds and Hartmann numbers, we obtain an upper bound for the dimension of the attractor by means of known bounds on the nonlinear inertial term and this functional basis for the flow. Three distinct flow regimes emerge: a quasi-isotropic 3D flow, a non-isotropic three-dimensional (3D) flow, and a 2D flow. We find the transition curves between these regimes in the space parameterized by Hartmann number Ha and attractor dimension $d_\text{att}$. We find how the attractor dimension scales as a function of Reynolds and Hartmann numbers (Re and Ha) in each regime. We also investigate the thickness of the boundary layer along the bounding wall, and find that in all regimes this scales as 1/Re, independently of the value of Ha, unlike Hartmann boundary layers found when the field is normal to the channel. The structure of the set of least dissipative modes is indeed quite different between these two cases but the properties of turbulence far from the walls (smallest scales and number of degrees of freedom) are found to be very similar.
Running of scalar spectral index in multi-field inflation
Creators: name: Gong, Jinn-Ouk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the running of the scalar spectral index in general multi-field slow-roll inflation. By incorporating explicit momentum dependence at the moment of horizon crossing, we can find the running straightforwardly. At the same time, we can distinguish the contributions from the quasi de Sitter background and the super-horizon evolution of the field fluctuations.
description: (v1) 7 pages; (v2) 8 pages, 1 figure, discussions expanded especially regarding the initial conditions, to appear in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Discovery of a new $γ$-ray source LHAASO J0341+5258 with emission up to 200TeV
Creators: name: LHAASO Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a new unidentified extended $γ$-ray source in the Galactic plane named LHAASO J0341+5258 with a pre-trial significance of 8.2 standard deviations above 25 TeV. The best fit position is R.A.$=55.34^{\circ}\pm0.11^{\circ}$ and Dec$=52.97^{\circ}\pm0.07^{\circ}$. The angular size of LHAASO J0341+5258 is $0.29^\circ \pm 0.06^\circ_{stat} \pm0.02^\circ_{sys}$. The flux above 25 TeV is about $20\%$ of the flux of Crab Nebula. Although a power-law fit of the spectrum from 10 TeV to 200 TeV with the photon index $α=2.98 \pm 0.19_{stat} \pm 0.02_{sys}$ is not excluded, the LHAASO data together with the flux upper limit at 10 GeV set by the Fermi LAT observation, indicate a noticeable steepening of an initially hard power-law spectrum %($α\leq 1.75$) spectrum with a cutoff at $\approx 50$ TeV. We briefly discuss the origin of UHE gamma-rays. The lack of an energetic pulsar and a young SNR inside or in the vicinity of LHAASO J0341+5258 challenge, but do not exclude both the leptonic and hadronic scenarios of gamma-ray production.
description: Accepted by APJL
title: Misogynie im Spiegel der Vorarlberger Dialektlexikografie
Creators: name: Zumtobel, Iris
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht ausgewählte Aspekte von Misogynie im Kontext der Lexikografie des alemannischen Dialekts in Vorarlberg. Dabei werden das „Vorarlberger Mundartwörterbuch“ (Allgäuer 2008) sowie vergleichsweise das „Vorarlbergerische Wörterbuch mit Einschluß des Fürstentums Liechtenstein“ (Jutz 1960/65) als Materialbasis herangezogen. Den theoretischen Rahmen bildet zum einen das Paradigma der feministischen Sprachkritik bzw. der Genderlinguistik, welches den Ansatz verfolgt, dass die Diskriminierung weiblich gelesener Personen auch über die Sprache konstruiert und transportiert bzw. reifiziert wird. Zum anderen wird ein metalexikografischer Zugang verfolgt, welcher gleichzeitig die Grundlage für den empirischen Teil der Arbeit darstellt. Das Forschungsinteresse ergibt sich aus einem Desiderat bzw. einer Forschungslücke in Bezug auf die Dialektlexikografie, da die einschlägige Forschung bislang vor allem (historische) Bedeutungswörterbücher untersucht hat. Die Analyse fokussiert sich auf misogyne Strukturen in Lemmaeinträgen und Phrasemen zu weiblichen Personen und untersucht Lemmastrecken hinsichtlich spezifisch weiblicher Negativbezeichnungen. In Bezug auf negativ konnotierte Personenbezeichnungen lässt sich im „Vorarlberger Mundartwörterbuch“ mehr Reflektiertheit nachweisen als in seinem rund fünfzig Jahre älteren „Vorgänger“. Jedoch haben auch die Lemmaeinträge des jüngeren Dialektwörterbuchs zahlreiche misogyne Sprichwörter und Redewendungen Eingang gefunden, denen selten distanzierende Erklärungen beigefügt werden. Jene Phraseme bewegen sich zumeist im Begriffsfeld klischeehafter Charakterzüge weiblicher Personen und inszenieren den Mann als leidtragenden Protagonisten. Auch in einschlägigen Negativbezeichnungen sind Attribute wie Dummheit, Faulheit, Bösartigkeit oder Streitsucht zu verzeichnen. Am häufigsten beziehen sich diese jedoch auf (den Körperbau betreffende) Merkmale des äußeren Erscheinungsbilds. Insgesamt lässt sich nachweisen, dass die Vorarlberger Dialektlexikografie, wenngleich das aktuellere Wörterbuch einen teilweise bewussteren Umgang mit Misogynie zeigt, noch immer von einer traditionalistischen Ideologie geprägt ist.