cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Figure S3 from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Two step chromospheric Moreton wave excitation in a blast-wave scenario. A case study: the December 06, 2006 event
Creators: name: Krause, G.
name: Cécere, M.
name: Francile, C.
name: Costa, A.
name: Elaskar, S.
name: Schneiter, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the capability of a blast-wave scenario -associated to a coronal flare or to the expansion of CME flanks- to reproduce a chromospheric Moreton phenomenon. We also simulate the Moreton event of December 06, 2006 considering both the corona and the chromosphere. To obtain a sufficiently strong coronal shock -able to generate a detectable chromospheric Moreton wave- a relatively low magnetic field intensity is required, in comparison with the active region values. Employing reasonable coronal constraints, we show that a flare ignited blast-wave or the expansion of the CME flanks emulated as an instantaneous or a temporal piston model, respectively, are capable to reproduce the observations.
description: 11 figures, 9 pages, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
(1619) Rebecca [Solly]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S4 from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
(1620) Isaac Solly
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Rational Parking Functions and LLT Polynomials
Creators: name: Gorsky, Eugene
name: Mazin, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17, 05A19, 05A30, 05E05, 05E10, 20C30

description: We prove that the combinatorial side of the "Rational Shuffle Conjecture" provides a Schur-positive symmetric polynomial. Furthermore, we prove that the contribution of a given rational Dyck path can be computed as a certain skew LLT polynomial, thus generalizing the result of Haglund, Haiman, Loehr, Remmel and Ulyanov. The corresponding skew diagram is described explicitly in terms of a certain (m,n)-core.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Phosphodiesterase 4D Forms a cAMP Diffusion Barrier at the Apical Membrane of the Airway Epithelium
Creators: name: Conti, Marco
name: Livera, Gabriel
name: Milgram, Sharon L.
name: Stutts, M. Jackson
name: Barnes, Anthony P.
name: Sun, Chuanwen
name: O'Neal, Wanda K.
name: Huang, Pingbo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We demonstrated previously that Calu-3 airway epithelial cells sense adenosine on their luminal surface through adenosine A2B receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Occupancy of these receptors leads to activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel through protein kinase A (PKA) anchored at the apical membrane. Because luminal A2B receptor activation does not raise total cellular cAMP levels, we hypothesized that activation of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) confines cAMP generated by apical A2B receptors to a microdomain that includes the CFTR channel. Using reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and activity measurements, PDE4D was identified as the major PDE species in airway epithelia. Consistent with these results, inhibitors of PDE4, but not PDE3, selectively abolished the lateral confinement of cAMP signaling in apical membrane patches during cell-attached recordings. Furthermore, stimulation of the CFTR in excised apical patches by rolipram and RS25344 indicated that PDE4 is localized in close proximity to the CFTR channel. Indeed, immunohistochemistry of human airway sections revealed that PDE4D is localized in the apical domain of the cell. PDE4 was activated after luminal adenosine exposure in a PKA-dependent manner. Because PDE4 activity is positively regulated by PKA, our results support a model whereby the PDE diffusion barrier is proportional to the degree of receptor stimulation. These findings underscore the concept that subcellular localization of individual PDE isozymes is an important mechanism for confining cAMP signaling to functional domains within cells.
Phosphorylation of Coronin 1B by Protein Kinase C Regulates Interaction with Arp2/3 and Cell Motility
Creators: name: Cai, Liang
name: Schaller, Michael D.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Holoweckyj, Nicholas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Coronins are a conserved family of WD repeat-containing, actin-binding proteins that regulate cell motility in a variety of model organisms. Our results show that Coronin 1B is a ubiquitously expressed member of the mammalian Coronin gene family that co-localizes with the Arp2/3 complex at the leading edge of fibroblasts, and co-immunoprecipitates with this complex. Pharmacological experiments show that the interaction between Coronin 1B and the Arp2/3 complex is regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation. Coronin 1B is phosphorylated by PKC both in vitro and in vivo. Using tryptic peptide mapping and mutagenesis, we have identified serine 2 (Ser-2) on Coronin 1B as the major residue phosphorylated by PKC in vivo. Rat2 fibroblasts expressing the Coronin 1B S2A mutant show enhanced ruffling in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and increased speed in single cell tracking assays. Cells expressing the Coronin 1B S2D mutant have attenuated PMA-induced ruffling and slower cell speed. Expression of the S2A mutant partially protects cells from the inhibitory effects of PMA on cell speed, whereas expression of the S2D mutant renders cells hypersensitive to its effects. These data demonstrate that Coronin 1B regulates leading edge dynamics and cell motility in fibroblasts, and that its ability to control motility and interactions with the Arp2/3 complex are regulated by PKC phosphorylation at Ser-2. Furthermore, Coronin 1B phosphorylation is responsible for a significant fraction of the effects of PMA on fibroblast motility.
(1622) John Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Phenomenological theory of the superconducting state inside the hidden-order phase of URu$_{2}$Si$_{2}$
Creators: name: Kang, Jian
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have unveiled important properties of the ground state of the elusive heavy fermion $\mathrm{URu_{2}Si_{2}}$. While tetragonal symmetry-breaking was reported below the hidden-order (HO) transition at $T_{HO}\approx17.5$ K, time-reversal symmetry-breaking was observed below the superconducting transition temperature $T_{c}
description: revised version with updated references
Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Attenuates Their Enzymatic Activities
Creators: name: Horner, Thierry J.
name: Osawa, Shoji
name: Schaller, Michael D.
name: Weiss, Ellen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptors is a critical step in the rapid termination of G protein signaling. In rod cells of the vertebrate retina, phosphorylation of rhodopsin is mediated by GRK1. In cone cells, either GRK1, GRK7, or both, depending on the species, are speculated to initiate signal termination by phosphorylating the cone opsins. To compare the biochemical properties of GRK1 and GRK7, we measured the K(m) and V(max) of these kinases for ATP and rhodopsin, a model substrate. The results demonstrated that these kinases share similar kinetic properties. We also determined that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates GRK1 at Ser(21) and GRK7 at Ser(23) and Ser(36) in vitro. These sites are also phosphorylated when FLAG-tagged GRK1 and GRK7 are expressed in HEK-293 cells treated with forskolin to stimulate the endogenous production of cAMP and activation of PKA. Rod outer segments isolated from bovine retina phosphorylated the FLAG-tagged GRKs in the presence of dibutyryl-cAMP, suggesting that GRK1 and GRK7 are physiologically relevant substrates. Although both GRKs also contain putative phosphorylation sites for PKC and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, neither kinase phosphorylated GRK1 or GRK7. Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by PKA reduces the ability of GRK1 and GRK7 to phosphorylate rhodopsin in vitro. Since exposure to light causes a decrease in cAMP levels in rod cells, we propose that phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by PKA occurs in the dark, when cAMP levels in photoreceptor cells are elevated, and represents a novel mechanism for regulating the activities of these kinases.
Figure S6b from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 (Pyk2) Mediates Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin-based Cell-Cell Adhesion by Regulating β-Catenin Tyrosine Phosphorylation
Creators: name: Anthony, Eloise C.
name: Burridge, Keith
name: Fernandez-Borja, Mar
name: Hordijk, Peter L.
name: Van Buul, Jaap D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) controls endothelial cell-cell adhesion and preserves endothelial integrity. In order to maintain endothelial barrier function, VE-cadherin function is tightly regulated through mechanisms that involve protein phosphorylation and cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, we show that loss of VE-cadherin function results in intercellular gap formation and a drop in electrical resistance of monolayers of primary human endothelial cells. Detailed analysis revealed that loss of endothelial cell-cell adhesion, induced by VE-cadherin-blocking antibodies, is preceded by and dependent on a rapid activation of Rac1 and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, VE-cadherin-associated beta-catenin is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon loss of cell-cell contact. Finally, the redox-sensitive proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is activated and recruited to cell-cell junctions following the loss of VE-cadherin homotypic adhesion. Conversely, the inhibition of Pyk2 activity in endothelial cells by the expression of CRNK (CADTK/CAKbeta-related non-kinase), an N-terminal deletion mutant that acts in a dominant negative fashion, not only abolishes the increase in beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation but also prevents the loss of endothelial cell-cell contact. These results implicate Pyk2 in the reduced cell-cell adhesion induced by the Rac-mediated production of ROS through the tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin. This signaling is initiated upon loss of VE-cadherin function and is important for our insight in the modulation of endothelial integrity
Figure S2 from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation.
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Minimal conductivity, topological Berry winding and duality in three-band semimetals
Creators: name: Louvet, Thibaud
name: Delplace, Pierre
name: Fedorenko, Andrei A.
name: Carpentier, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics of massless relativistic quantum particles has recently arisen in the electronic properties of solids following the discovery of graphene. Around the accidental crossing of two energy bands, the electronic excitations are described by a Weyl equation initially derived for ultra-relativistic particles. Similar three and four band semimetals have recently been discovered in two and three dimensions. Among the remarkable features of graphene are the characterization of the band crossings by a topological Berry winding, leading to an anomalous quantum Hall effect, and a finite minimal conductivity at the band crossing while the electronic density vanishes. Here we show that these two properties are intimately related: this result paves the way to a direct measure of the topological nature of a semi-metal. By considering three band semimetals with a flat band in two dimensions, we find that only few of them support a topological Berry phase. The same semimetals are the only ones displaying a non vanishing minimal conductivity at the band crossing. The existence of both a minimal conductivity and a topological robustness originates from properties of the underlying lattice, which are encoded not by a symmetry of their Bloch Hamiltonian, but by a duality.
Rap1 GTPase Inhibits Leukocyte Transmigration by Promoting Endothelial Barrier Function
Creators: name: Quilliam, Lawrence A.
name: Burridge, Keith
name: Casey, Patrick J.
name: Wittchen, Erika S.
name: Worthylake, Rebecca A.
name: Kelly, Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The passage of leukocytes out of the blood circulation and into tissues is necessary for the normal inflammatory response, but it also occurs inappropriately in many pathological situations. This process is limited by the barrier presented by the junctions between adjacent endothelial cells that line blood vessels. Here we show that activation of the Rap1 GTPase in endothelial cells accelerated de novo assembly of endothelial cell-cell junctions and increased the barrier function of endothelial monolayers. In contrast, depressing Rap1 activity by expressing Rap1GAP led to disassembly of these junctions and increased their permeability. We also demonstrate that endogenous Rap1 was rapidly activated at early stages of junctional assembly, confirming the involvement of Rap1 during junctional assembly. Intriguingly, elevating Rap1 activity selectively within endothelial cells decreased leukocyte transendothelial migration, whereas inhibiting Rap1 activity by expression of Rap1GAP increased leukocyte transendothelial migration, providing physiological relevance to our hypothesis that Rap1 augments barrier function of inter-endothelial cell junctions. Furthermore, these results suggest that Rap1 may be a novel therapeutic target for clinical conditions in which an inappropriate inflammatory response leads to disease.
(1616) Mary Jane [Wicksteed]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
P-V Criticality in Quasitopological Gravity
Creators: name: Hennigar, Robie A.
name: Brenna, Wilson G.
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamic behaviour of AdS quasitopological black hole solutions in the context of extended thermodynamic phase space, in which the cosmological constant induces a pressure with a conjugate volume. We find that the third order exact quasitopological solution exhibits features consistent with the third order Lovelock solutions for positive quasitopological coupling, including multiple reentrant phase transitions and isolated critical points. For negative coupling we find the first instances of both reentrant phase transitions and thermodynamic singularities in five dimensions, along with other modified thermodynamic behaviour compared to Einstein-AdS-Gauss Bonnet gravity.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, REVTeX 4-1; updated to match published version
Ras-mediated Loss of the Pro-apoptotic Response Protein Par-4 Is Mediated by DNA Hypermethylation through Raf-independent and Raf-dependent Signaling Cascades in Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Frantz, Karen
name: Rangnekar, Vivek M.
name: Pruitt, Kevin
name: Shields, Janiel M.
name: Ülkü, Aylin S.
name: Rojas, Rafael J.
name: Muniz-Medina, Vanessa M.
name: Der, Channing J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The apoptosis-promoting protein Par-4 has been shown to be down-regulated in Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts through the Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK pathway. Because mutations of the ras gene are most often found in tumors of epithelial origin, we explored the signaling pathways utilized by oncogenic Ras to down-regulate Par-4 in RIE-1 and rat ovarian surface epithelial (ROSE) cells. We determined that constitutive activation of the Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factor effector pathway alone was not sufficient to down-regulate Par-4 in RIE-1 or ROSE cells. However, treatment of Ras-transformed RIE-1 or ROSE cells with the MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 increased Par-4 protein expression. Thus, although oncogenic Ras utilizes the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway to down-regulate Par-4 in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells, Ras activation of an additional signaling pathway(s) is required to achieve the same outcome in epithelial cells. Methylation-specific PCR showed that the par-4 promoter is methylated in Ras-transformed cells through a MEK-dependent pathway and that treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azadeoxycytidine restored Par-4 mRNA transcript and protein levels, suggesting that the mechanism for Ras-mediated down-regulation of Par-4 is by promoter methylation. Support for this possibility is provided by our observation that Ras transformation was associated with up-regulation of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3 DNA methyltransferase expression. Finally, ectopic Par-4 expression significantly reduced Ras-mediated growth in soft agar, but not morphological transformation, highlighting the importance of Par-4 down-regulation in specific aspects of Ras-mediated transformation of epithelial cells.
(1617) Mary Emily Rebecca Solly
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
RecQ Family Members Combine Strand Pairing and Unwinding Activities to Catalyze Strand Exchange
Creators: name: Xiao, Liren
name: Orren, David K.
name: Machwe, Amrita
name: Matson, Steven W.
name: Groden, Joanna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: RecQ helicases are critical for maintaining genomic integrity. In this study, we show that three RecQ members (WRN, deficient in the Werner syndrome; BLM, deficient in the Bloom syndrome; and Drosophila melanogaster RecQ5b (dmRecQ5b)) possess a novel strand pairing activity. Furthermore, each of these enzymes combines this strand pairing activity with its inherent DNA unwinding capability to perform coordinated strand exchange. In this regard, WRN and BLM are considerably more efficient than dmRecQ5b, apparently because dmRecQ5b lacks conserved sequences C-terminal to the helicase domain that contribute to DNA binding, strand pairing, and strand exchange. Based on our findings, we postulate that certain RecQ helicases are structurally designed to accomplish strand exchange on complex replication and recombination intermediates. This is highly consistent with proposed roles for RecQ members in DNA metabolism and the illegitimate recombination and cancer-prone phenotypes associated with RecQ defects.
(2+1)-Dimensional Gravity in Weyl Integrable Spacetime
Creators: name: Aguilar, J. E. Madriz
name: Romero, C.
name: Fonseca-Neto, J. B.
name: Almeida, T. S.
name: Formiga, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate (2+1)-dimensional gravity in a Weyl integrable spacetime (WIST). We show that, unlike general relativity, this scalar-tensor theory has a Newtonian limit for any dimension and that in three dimensions the congruence of world lines of particles of a pressureless fluid has a non-vanishing geodesic deviation. We present and discuss a class of static vacuum solutions generated by a circularly symmetric matter distribution that for certain values of the parameter w corresponds to a space-time with a naked singularity at the center of the matter distribution. We interpret all these results as being a direct consequence of the space-time geometry.
description: 9 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1201.1469, arXiv:1101.5333
Recycling of the Membrane-anchored Chemokine, CX 3 CL1
Creators: name: Robinson, Lisa A.
name: Fong, Alan M.
name: Patel, Dhavalkumar D.
name: Touret, Nicolas
name: Alexander, R. Todd
name: Liu, Guang Ying
name: Kulasingam, Vathany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: CX(3)CL1 (fractalkine) plays an important role in inflammation by acting as both chemoattractant and as an adhesion molecule. As for other chemokines, expression of CX(3)CL1 is known to be regulated at the level of transcription and translation. The unique transmembrane structure of CX(3)CL1 raises the possibility of additional functional regulation by altering its abundance at the cell surface. This could be accomplished in principle by changes in traffic between subcellular compartments. To analyze this possibility we examined the subcellular distribution of CX(3)CL1 in human ECV-304 cells stably expressing untagged or green fluorescent protein-tagged forms of the chemokine. CX(3)CL1 was present in two distinct compartments, diffusely on the plasma membrane and in a punctate juxtanuclear compartment. The latter shared some features with, yet was distinct from the conventional endocytic pathway and may represent a specialized recycling subcompartment. Accordingly, surface CX(3)CL1 was found to be in dynamic equilibrium with the juxtanuclear vesicular compartment. Intracellular CX(3)CL1 co-localized with the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor) proteins syntaxin-13 and VAMP-3. Cleavage of VAMP-3 by tetanus toxin or impairment of syntaxin-13 function by expression of a dominant-negative allele inhibited the ability of internalized CX(3)CL1 to traffic back to the plasma membrane. These data demonstrate the existence of a dynamic, SNARE-mediated recycling of CX(3)CL1 from the cell surface to and from an endomembrane storage compartment. The intracellular storage depot may serve as a source of the chemokine that could be rapidly mobilized by stimuli.
(1614) Mary Hancock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Regulation of p21-activated Kinase-independent Rac1 Signal Transduction by Nischarin
Creators: name: Xu, Dong
name: Reddig, Peter J.
name: Juliano, Rudy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Nischarin regulates Rac1-dependent cell motility by interaction with and inhibition of the p21-activated kinase (PAK1). In addition to regulating the activation of PAK1, Rac1 controls multiple downstream pathways to regulate cell growth and differentiation, as well as cell motility. Signaling by a constitutively activated Rac1 mutant deficient in PAK binding (Rac1Q61L-40C) was examined to determine whether Nischarin impinges on these other Rac1 effector pathways. Nischarin formed immunoprecipitatable complexes with Rac1Q61L and Rac1Q61L-40C when the proteins were co-expressed. In NIH3T3 cells, Rac1Q61L and Rac1Q61L-40C stimulation of a minimal NF-kappaB response element or the cyclin D1 promoter, a downstream target of NF-kappaB, was inhibited by co-expression of Nischarin. Additionally, suppression of endogenous Nischarin protein with small interfering RNA in PC12 cells enhanced Rac1Q61L and Rac1Q61L-40C activation of NF-kappaB. In further support of Nischarin suppressing PAK independent Rac signaling, foci formation in monolayers of NIH3T3 cells by Rac1Q61L-40C in cooperation with c-Raf/CAAX was inhibited by the presence of Nischarin. Nischarin alters the cellular localization of Rac1Q61L and Rac1Q61L-40C to vesicles and this positively correlates with the repression of the Rac1 signal. Thus, Nischarin, in addition to regulating the PAK strand of Rac1 signaling, can also regulate other links in the web of Rac1 signaling pathways.
Role of spin-orbit coupling and evolution of the electronic structure of WTe$_2$ under an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Rhodes, D.
name: Das, S.
name: Zhang, Q. R.
name: Zeng, B.
name: Pradhan, N. R.
name: Kikugawa, N.
name: Manousakis, E.
name: Balicas, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we present a detailed study on the temperature and angular dependence of the Shubnikov-de-Haas (SdH) effect in the semi-metal WTe$_2$. This compound was recently shown to display a very large non-saturating magnetoresistance which was attributed to nearly perfectly compensated densities of electrons and holes. We observe four fundamental SdH frequencies and attribute them to spin-orbit split, electron- and hole-like, Fermi surface (FS) cross-sectional areas. Their angular dependence seems consistent with ellipsoidal FSs with volumes suggesting a modest excess in the density of electrons with respect to that of the holes. We show that density functional theory (DFT) calculations fail to correctly describe the FSs of WTe$_2$. When their cross-sectional areas are adjusted to reflect the experimental data, the resulting volumes of the electron/hole FSs obtained from the DFT calculations would imply a pronounced imbalance between the densities of electrons and holes. We find evidence for field-dependent Fermi surface cross-sectional areas by fitting the oscillatory component superimposed onto the magnetoresistivity signal to several Lifshitz-Kosevich components. We also observe a pronounced field-induced renormalization of the effective masses. Taken together, our observations suggest that the electronic structure of WTe$_2$ evolves with the magnetic field. This evolution might be a factor contributing to its pronounced magnetoresistivity.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Le escursioni geologiche della Scuola Alpina di Morbegno: il fondovalle della Valtellina
Creators: name: Cameron, Enrico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Geologia
Geomorfologia
Outdoor education
Scuola Alpina

description: Morbegno è il principale centro urbano della Bassa Valtellina ed è sede dell’Istituto Comprensivo 2 Damiani, che nel 2017 ha aderito al progetto Interreg Alpine Space – YOUrALPS, finalizzato a sviluppare un nuovo modello di scuola centrato sui processi ambientali e socioeconomici delle Alpi. Nel 2020 la scuola secondaria di primo grado dell’Istituto ha ottenuto la certificazione europea di Scuola Alpina, creando un vero e proprio indirizzo. L’obiettivo principale è riavvicinare gli studenti al proprio territorio, sensibilizzandoli verso le caratteristiche, le risorse e le opportunità dell’ambiente montano. Il testo descrive un'escursione a tema geologico e geomorfologico organizzata dalla Scuola Alpina, che riguarda l’osservazione di importanti fenomeni franosi, e dei loro effetti, lungo un itinerario che si snoda sul fondovalle della Valtellina. Una versione sintetica del testo è stata pubblicata su Geologicamente, magazine di attualità e cultura delle geoscienze della Società Geologica Italiana (n. 16, marzo 2025, qui la versione online).
Regulation of the Cytoplasmic Quality Control Protein Degradation Pathway by BAG2
Creators: name: Cyr, Douglas M.
name: Huang, David
name: Li, Hui Hua
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Dai, Qian
name: Qian, Shu Bing
name: Younger, J. Michael
name: Takayama, Shinichi
name: Borchers, Christoph
name: Ren, Hong Yu
name: McDonough, Holly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The cytoplasm is protected against the perils of protein misfolding by two mechanisms: molecular chaperones (which facilitate proper folding) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates degradation of misfolded proteins. CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) is an Hsp70-associated ubiquitin ligase that participates in this process by ubiquitylating misfolded proteins associated with cytoplasmic chaperones. Mechanisms that regulate the activity of CHIP are, at present, poorly understood. Using a proteomics approach, we have identified BAG2, a previously uncharacterized BAG domain-containing protein, as a common component of CHIP holocomplexes in vivo. Binding assays indicate that BAG2 associates with CHIP as part of a ternary complex with Hsc70, and BAG2 colocalizes with CHIP under both quiescent conditions and after heat shock. In vitro and in vivo ubiquitylation assays indicate that BAG2 is an efficient and specific inhibitor of CHIP-dependent ubiquitin ligase activity. This activity is due, in part, to inhibition of interactions between CHIP and its cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcH5a, which may in turn be facilitated by ATP-dependent remodeling of the BAG2-Hsc70-CHIP heterocomplex. The association of BAG2 with CHIP provides a cochaperone-dependent regulatory mechanism for preventing unregulated ubiquitylation of misfolded proteins by CHIP.
Figure S2 from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Figure S3 from Expansion in geographical and morphological space drives continued lineage diversification in a global passerine radiation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jonathan D.
name: Borregaard, Michael K.
name: Marki, Petter Z.
name: Machac, Antonin
name: Fjeldså, Jon
name: Rahbek, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Why diversification rates vary so extensively across the tree of life remains an important yet unresolved issue in biology. Two prominent and potentially independent factors proposed to explain these trends reflect the capacity of lineages to expand into new areas of (i) geographical or (ii) ecological space. Here, we present the first global assessment of how diversification rates vary as a consequence of geographical and ecological expansion, studying these trends among 15 speciose passerine families (together approximately 750 species) using phylogenetic path analysis. We find that relative slowdowns in diversification rates characterize families that have accumulated large numbers of co-occurring species (at the 1° scale) within restricted geographical areas. Conversely, more constant diversification through time is prevalent among families in which species show limited range overlap. Relative co-occurrence is itself also a strong predictor of ecological divergence (here approximated by morphological divergence among species); however, once the relationship between co-occurrence and diversification rates have been accounted for, increased ecological divergence is an additional explanatory factor accounting for why some lineages continue to diversify towards the present. We conclude that opportunities for prolonged diversification are predominantly determined by continued geographical range expansion and to a lesser degree by ecological divergence among lineages.
Optical spectroscopy study of three dimensional Dirac semimetal ZrTe$_5$
Creators: name: Chen, R. Y.
name: Zhang, S. J.
name: Schneeloch, J. A.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Li, Q.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three dimensional (3D) topological Dirac materials are under intensive study recently. The layered compound ZrTe$_5$ has been suggested to be one of them by transport and ARPES experiments. Here, we perform infrared reflectivity measurement to investigate the underlying physics of this material. The derived optical conductivity exhibits linear increasing with frequency below normal interband transitions, which provides the first optical spectroscopic proof of a 3D Dirac semimetal. Apart from that, the plasma edge shifts dramatically to lower energy upon temperature cooling, which might be associated with the consequence of lattice parameter shrinking. In addition, an extremely sharp peak shows up in the frequency dependent optical conductivity, indicating the presence of a Van Hove singularity in the joint density of state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Le escursioni geologiche della Scuola Alpina di Morbegno: il fondovalle della Valtellina
Creators: name: Cameron, Enrico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Geologia
Geomorfologia
Outdoor education
Scuola Alpina

description: Morbegno è il principale centro urbano della Bassa Valtellina ed è sede dell’Istituto Comprensivo 2 Damiani, che nel 2017 ha aderito al progetto Interreg Alpine Space – YOUrALPS, finalizzato a sviluppare un nuovo modello di scuola centrato sui processi ambientali e socioeconomici delle Alpi. Nel 2020 la scuola secondaria di primo grado dell’Istituto ha ottenuto la certificazione europea di Scuola Alpina, creando un vero e proprio indirizzo. L’obiettivo principale è riavvicinare gli studenti al proprio territorio, sensibilizzandoli verso le caratteristiche, le risorse e le opportunità dell’ambiente montano. Il contributo descrive un'escursione a tema geologico e geomorfologico organizzata dalla Scuola Alpina, che riguarda l’osservazione di importanti fenomeni franosi, e dei loro effetti, lungo un itinerario che si snoda sul fondovalle della Valtellina.
(1615) John Hancock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.