cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States
Creators: name: Iyoda, Eiki
name: Kaneko, Kazuya
name: Sagawa, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the second law of thermodynamics and the nonequilibirum fluctuation theorem for pure quantum states.The entire system obeys reversible unitary dynamics, where the initial state of the heat bath is not the canonical distribution but is a single energy-eigenstate that satisfies the eigenstate-thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Our result is mathematically rigorous and based on the Lieb-Robinson bound, which gives the upper bound of the velocity of information propagation in many-body quantum systems. The entanglement entropy of a subsystem is shown connected to thermodynamic heat, highlighting the foundation of the information-thermodynamics link. We confirmed our theory by numerical simulation of hard-core bosons, and observed dynamical crossover from thermal fluctuations to bare quantum fluctuations. Our result reveals a universal scenario that the second law emerges from quantum mechanics, and can experimentally be tested by artificial isolated quantum systems such as ultracold atoms.
description: 48 pages, 11 figures
Tunnelling Versus Recombination at the Junction between Sub-Cells of an a-Si:H/a-Si:H Tandem Solar Cell
Creators: name: Chakraborty, S.
name: Nath, M.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
name: Chatterjee, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2499-2502
description: For high conversion efficiency in tandem solar cells, electrons from the top PIN sub-cell and holes from
the bottom one must approach the junction between neighbouring sub-cells against the high opposing electric field
present here, and recombine. Carriers tunnelling to this junction via neighbouring band gap defects make this possible in
practice. However, the extent to which tunnelling and recombination at the junction separately play a role in improving
device performance is not well understood, since experimentally it is not possible to separate the two. Our aim in this
article is to use detailed electrical-optical modelling to understand their individual roles. A heavily defective
"recombination" layer (RL) with a reduced band gap, models the junction between the sub-cells. The potential barriers
for carriers approaching this junction are reduced by band gap grading to simulate tunnelling. By varying the defect
density in the RL and the band gap grading, we regulate recombination and tunnelling respectively. Modelling indicates
that when either tunnelling or recombination at the junction is reduced, carriers recombine inside the sub-cells, thus
reducing the Voc and that both are required for high cell efficiency.
All Electrodeposited, Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells Using II-VI Semiconductors
Creators: name: Echendu, O.K.
name: Fauzi, F.
name: Bowen, L.
name: Dharmadasa, I.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2409-2413
description: The aim of this project is to develop high efficiency thin film solar cells with materials grown by one single growth
method - electrodeposition. ZnS (Eg = 3.70 eV), CdS (Eg = 2.42 eV), CdTe (Eg = 1.45 eV) and ZnTe (Eg = 2.40 eV)
layers were electrodeposited using aqueous solutions to be used as buffer, window, absorber and pin-hole plugging layers
respectively in the devices. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurements,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the structural, optical,
electrical and morphological properties of the layers and hence optimise their growth conditions. All the layers showed
their expected structural properties and energy bandgap values in agreement with literature values. The electrical
conductivity type was confirmed for ZnS, CdS and CdTe as n-type and ZnTe as p-type using PEC technique after
growing them on glass/FTO substrates. Solar cells were then fabricated and tested under AM 1.5 illumination conditions.
The efficiency of 10.4% was observed (Voc = 640 mV, Jsc = 40.8 mAcm-2, FF = 0.40) for the preliminary devices and the
work is progressing for development of the structures by improving growth conditions and processing steps. The
materials growth using electrodeposition, characterisation, device fabrication and assessment results are presented in this
paper.
Voltage Dependent Photocurrent in Low-Temperature Deposited CIGSe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Puttnins, S.
name: Kempa, H.
name: Englisch, S.
name: Karsthof, R.
name: Daume, F.
name: Rahm, A.
name: Braun, A.
name: Grundmann, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2438-2442
description: Sodium plays a key role for the optimization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cell efficiency. This
contribution analyzes the losses causing the efficiency drop for sodium contents above the optimum content. We show
that the efficiency is reduced due to reduced fill factors and short circuit currents. Both effects can be attributed to losses
in voltage dependent carrier collection. By means of voltage dependent quantum efficiency measurement we show that
too high of a sodium content leads primarily to enhanced recombination in the neutral region of the absorber. At very
high sodium content we observe additional losses at the CIGSe/CdS interface.
Casimir energy between two parallel plates and projective representation of Poincaré group
Creators: name: Akita, Takamaru
name: Matsunaga, Mamoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir effect is a physical manifestation of zero point energy of quantum vacuum. In a relativistic quantum field theory, Poincaré symmetry of the theory seems, at first sight, to imply that non-zero vacuum energy is inconsistent with translational invariance of the vacuum. In the setting of two uniform boundary plates at rest, quantum fields outside the plates have (1+2)-dimensional Poincaré symmtry. Taking a massless scalar field as an example, we have examined the consistency between the Poincaré symmetry and the existence of the vacuum enegy. We note that, in quantum theory, symmetries are represented projectively in general and show that the Casimir energy is connected to central charges appearing in the algebra of generators in the projective representations.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Comments on the commutator between the components of stress tensor are added in the last section. Several rerences are added or omitted. To be published in Phys. Rev. D
Gaussian variational approximation with sparse precision matrices
Creators: name: Tan, Linda S. L.
name: Nott, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of learning a Gaussian variational approximation to the posterior distribution for a high-dimensional parameter, where we impose sparsity in the precision matrix to reflect appropriate conditional independence structure in the model. Incorporating sparsity in the precision matrix allows the Gaussian variational distribution to be both flexible and parsimonious, and the sparsity is achieved through parameterization in terms of the Cholesky factor. Efficient stochastic gradient methods which make appropriate use of gradient information for the target distribution are developed for the optimization. We consider alternative estimators of the stochastic gradients which have lower variation and are more stable. Our approach is illustrated using generalized linear mixed models and state space models for time series.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Spectrally Resolved Light Beam Induced Current on CIGS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lombez, L.
name: Ory, D.
name: Paire, M.
name: Delamarre, A.
name: El Hajje, G.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2443-2444
description: We studied microscale spatial fluctuations of the spectral response of CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGS)
polycrystalline solar cell. The experimental setup is based on spectrally resolved light beam induced current mapping
with a spatial resolution of about 2μm thanks to the use of a supercontinuum laser. Cartographies of minority carrier
diffusion length and band gap are recorded. Local transport properties are thus probed avoiding averaging when
measuring global parameters.
Coupling couples with copulas: analysis of assortative matching on risk attitude
Creators: name: Nikoloulopoulos, Aristidis K.
name: Moffatt, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate patterns of assortative matching on risk attitude, using self-reported (ordinal) data on risk attitudes for males and females within married couples, from the German Socio-Economic Panel over the period 2004-2012. We apply a novel copula-based bivariate panel ordinal model. Estimation is in two steps: firstly, a copula-based Markov model is used to relate the marginal distribution of the response in different time periods, separately for males and females; secondly, another copula is used to couple the males' and females' conditional (on the past) distributions. We find positive dependence, both in the middle of the distribution, and in the joint tails, and we interpret this as positive assortative matching (PAM). Hence we reject standard assortative matching theories based on risk-sharing assumptions, and favour models based on alternative assumptions such as the ability of agents to control income risk. We also find evidence of "assimilation"; that is, PAM appearing to increase with years of marriage.
Stability Issues of Sputtered Zn(O,S) Buffer Layers for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lavrenko, T.
name: Walter, T.
name: Steigert, A.
name: Klenk, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2393-2397
description: The possibility to replace both CdS and i-ZnO layers makes sputtered Zn(O,S) films an attractive
subject for research. With already demonstrated efficiencies over 18% CIGS solar cells with sputtered Zn(O,S) buffer
layers are confidently approaching those with a standard CdS/ZnO structure. It will be shown that initially solar cells
with sputtered Zn(O,S) and i-ZnO window demonstrate higher open circuit voltages compared to the ones with the
Zn(O,S) layer only, whereas after long term heat treatment the Voc values equal. Furthermore, the influence of
different S/(S+O) ratios on the stability of the solar cells with sputtered Zn(O,S) buffer layers is studied with respect
to alternation of the conduction band offset due to charging of the absorber/Zn(O,S) buffer layer interface. SCAPS
simulations are presented to verify that reduced electron mobility in the buffer layer rather than a conduction band
barrier is responsible for a blocking of the forward current and a poor fill factor in case of high sulphur contents in the
buffer layer. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that a blocking behaviour of the dark current as well as a saturation of
open circuit voltages at low temperatures can be explained in terms of a back contact barrier increase due to
prolonged heat treatment, also known as “back contact degradation”.
Qualification of an In-Line Spectroscopic Photoluminescence System for CIGS Process Characterization
Creators: name: Theisen, J.-P.
name: Marschner, T.
name: Wendt, M.
name: Uredat, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2422-2425
description: To improve the manufacturing process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film modules it is essential to characterize
the absorber and to ensure its quality. For this purpose, the LayTec spectroscopic photoluminescence (PL) system has
been evaluated in the Manz CIGS Innovation Line to test the advantages of this measurement method under
production conditions. The system allows recording the PL signal across the full module length at different module
positions and gives spatially resolved information about band gap, material composition and quality of the CIGS
absorber material. One advantage of PL compared to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the short cycle time of less than 1s
per measurement point allowing the in-line use of the system in a full volume production environment. An analysis of
the waiting time of CIGS substrates directly after deposition of the CIGS absorber layer shows a decrease of the PL
signal strength due to surface oxidation. The subsequently deposited CdS buffer layer, however, stabilizes the
surface. Therefore, the PL strength stays constant over days. With the utilization of three measurement heads it is
possible to perform line scans at different locations simultaneously. From this e.g. a homogeneity analysis of CIGS
campaigns can be done.
UniSAFE: Halmstad University – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films by Sulfurization of DC Magnetron Sputtered SLG/Zn/Sn/Cu Precursor Layers
Creators: name: Liu, X.
name: Huang, S.
name: Hao, X.
name: Cui, H.
name: Chen, J.
name: Song, N.
name: Liu, F.
name: Yan, C.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2376-2378
description: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were synthesized by sulfurization of SLG/Zn/Sn/Cu metallic precursor
layers at different sulfurization temperature and time. The effect of sulfurization temperature and time on structural
properties and stoichiometry were investigated. In this work the increasing sulfurization temperature and time can
improve grain size. The second phases were found by using Raman spectroscopy and XRD measurement. The
morphology can be improved with increasing sulfurization temperature and time. After sulfurization at 550 °C for 30
min, Zn rich CZTS thin films were obtained.
Effects of Substrate Orientation and Post Sulfurization Annealing on the Properties of Single Target Sputtered Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films on Si Substrates for Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Song, N.
name: Hao, X.
name: Huang, S.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Liu, X.
name: Cui, H.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2379-2382
description: This work studies the effects of substrate orientations and post sulfurization annealing on the morphology
and structure characteristic of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films sputtered from a single CZTS target on single crystal silicon
wafer substrates. CZTS grown on Si (100) yields preferred (112) orientation while that on Si (110) gives relatively more
pronounced (220) orientation from XRD results. This work also demonstrates that CZTS grain orientations change from
strongly favoring (112) to more evident (110)/(220) as the sulfurization annealing temperature increases from 530 to
550 . The results suggest that the orientation of CZTS film can be engineered by substrate itself and annealing
temperature as well. The use of graphite box helps to enhance the sulfurization effects at higher temperature of 565
with higher S-pressure.
Miniaturized Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Cells: a Concentrator Cell Design
Creators: name: Paire, M.
name: Lombez, L.
name: Delamarre, A.
name: Jean, C.
name: Collin, S.
name: Pelouard, J.-L.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2383-2384
description: It has been shown that decreasing the size of concentrator cells is beneficial for both heat and spreading
resistance losses management. We study thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microcells, where small devices (<10-5 cm²) perform
well, and the benefits of miniaturization can be exploited completely. A 5% absolute efficiency increase on
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microcells at 475 suns is observed. Voc increases up to several thousand suns, and the temperature
increment is limited, which is confirmed by cartographic luminescence measurements.
Impact of nonstandard interactions on sterile neutrino searches at IceCube
Creators: name: Liao, Jiajun
name: Marfatia, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the energy and zenith angle distributions of the latest 2-year IceCube dataset of upward going atmospheric neutrinos to constrain sterile neutrinos at the eV scale in the 3+1 scenario. We find that the parameters favored by a combination of LSND and MiniBooNE data are excluded at more than the 99% C.L. We explore the impact of nonstandard matter interactions on this exclusion, and find that the exclusion holds for nonstandard interactions (NSI) that are within the stringent model-dependent bounds set by collider and neutrino scattering experiments. However, for large NSI parameters subject only to model-independent bounds from neutrino oscillation experiments, the LSND and MiniBooNE data are consistent with IceCube.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Analysis updated with corrected IceCube data. Version to appear in PRL
The happiness longitudinal selective: Giving medical students strategies for improving wellness
Creators: name: Williams, Catherine
name: Yihuai (Jess) Qu
name: Wilson, Renita
name: Dzhuliyan (Jay) Vasilev
name: McKenzie, Ning
name: Klanderman, Molly
name: Stonnington, Cynthia
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Medical school's elective happiness course may improve student well-being.
UniSAFE: The Babraham Institute – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Novel Cu2CdSnS4 and Cu2ZnGeSe4 Absorber Materials for Monograin Layer Solar Cell Application
Creators: name: Timmo, K.
name: Kauk-Kuusik, M.
name: Altosaar, M.
name: Raudoja, J.
name: Raadik, T.
name: Grossberg, M.
name: Varema, T.
name: Pilvet, M.
name: Leinemann, I.
name: Volobujeva, O.
name: Mellikov, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2385-2388
description: This study shows the additional ability for tuning bandgap of CZTSSe solar cell absorber materials
through substitution of Sn by Ge or Zn by Cd atoms in the crystal lattice forming new Cu2ZnGeSe4 or Cu2CdSnS4
compounds in the monograin powder form. Cu2CdSnS4 and Cu2ZnGeSe4 monograin powders were synthesized from
binary compounds in molten CdI2 and KI as flux materials in sealed quartz ampoules at 610C and 710C,
respectively. The phase composition of synthesized powders was determined by XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
Raman spectrum of the Cu2ZnGeSe4 powder revealed dominating A1 Raman peak at 204 cm-1, other Raman peaks
were detected at 92, 173, 177, 271, 283, and 292 cm-1. Raman spectra of Cu2CdSnS4 powder crystals showed the
characteristic Raman frequencies at 90, 250, 283, 333 and 353 cm-1. The effective bandgap energy values determined
from the EQE data of the Cu2ZnGeSe4 and Cu2CdSnS4 devices are 1.35 and 1.4 eV. Solar cells based on the
Cu2ZnGeSe4 monograin powder showed the best conversion efficiency of 1.3 %. The solar cells based on the
Cu2CdSnS4 monograin powder showed the best conversion efficiency of 2.7 % .
Random and free observables saturate the Tsirelson bound for CHSH inequality
Creators: name: Yin, Z.
name: Harrow, A. W.
name: Horodecki, M.
name: Marciniak, M.
name: Rutkowski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maximal violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality is usually said to be a feature of anticommuting observables. In this work we show that even random observables exhibit near-maximal violations of the CHSH-Bell inequality. To do this, we use the tools of free probability theory to analyze the commutators of large random matrices. Along the way, we introduce the notion of "free observables" which can be thought of as infinite-dimensional operators that reproduce the statistics of random matrices as their dimension tends towards infinity. We also study the fine-grained uncertainty of a sequence of free or random observables, and use this to construct a steering inequality with a large violation.
Numerical Transient Modeling of Solar Cells Solved by Stable Algorithm
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Liu, W.
name: Sun, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2296-2298
description: Traditional transient models of solar cells do not interpret the experimental data well especially in the
case of high frequency. This is caused by the recombination model is still based on the one of steady conditions,
which assumes the recombination rates of electrons and holes are equal. In this work, a more accurate transient model
is implemented by using numerical approach. The recombination model is improved by taking into account the timedependent
variation of defect charge. Backward Euler method is used for solving the initial value problem of
differential semiconductor equations. The numerical algorithm adapts the Newton’s method which solves the
equation set as a whole. This numerical transient model has been implemented in wxAMPS, and results show an
excellent stability and convergence property. By incorporating transient features, wxAMPS could be a useful tool for
quantitatively interpreting the transient characteristics of solar devices, especially those based on capacitance
methods, and better revealing the deep-level defect information.
Application of LPCVD ZnO for Thin Film PV Technologies
Creators: name: Zimin, D.
name: Goldbach-Aschemann, S.
name: Poppeller, M.
name: Hüttner, D.
name: Stecher, M.
name: Ricci, M.
name: Bondu, B.
name: Sele, B.
name: Booth, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2333-2336
description: LPCVD TCO is a well-established technology within thin film silicon photovoltaic community. Three thin film
silicon record cells are based on front and back contacts made with LPCVD [1-3]. Adjusted for thin film silicon
applications, LPCVD ZnO layers possess very high transmittance, easily adjustable light scattering, tunable sheet
resistance and favorable production costs. Similar high performance LPCVD ZnO processes can be used for other
thin film applications like CI(G)S and novel applications like 3D cells.
Within CI(G)S industrial application LPCVD ZnO is promising the elimination of the Cd- containing window layer,
the increase in total transmittance of the contact layer and a reduction in production cost. The ability to do so is
demonstrated for boron doped as well as intrinsic ZnO TCO layers. Both may be applied for front as well as back
contact since they are capable of covering smooth as well as very rough absorber layers and substrates. A model is
presented showing the optimization between layer thickness, transmittance and conductivity.
For complex surfaces like 3D nanostructures with high aspect ratios the formation of continuous transparent
contacting layers is challenging. Conventional deposition methods like PVD reach their limits. LPCVD ZnO has
shown the capability to coat such complex structures like deep trenches, rough surfaces (Ra > 1 m) and even
structures with undercuts. High aspect ratio 3D structures (e.g. pillars) overgrown by LPCVD TCO are demonstrated.
This paper discusses the LPCVD ZnO process applicability for thin-film silicon, CIGS and 3D solar cells.
Fast CIGS Co-Evaporation Processes by Controlled Rapid Ramping of Thermal Evaporation Sources to Very High Rates
Creators: name: Marienfeld, A.
name: Eisele, C.
name: Schuler, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2275-2278
description: Fast CIGSe co-evaporation processes with steep Ga-grading require highly dynamic thermal
evaporation sources with deposition rates up to several nm/s. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of fast
ramping rates for copper evaporation from a standard PEZ-W 63-160 effusion cell. This source type is widely used in
CIGSe research systems and pilot lines. Originally, the PEZ-W 63-160 was designed for a constant rate operation and
very little is known for dynamic operation. Deposition rates up to 120nm/min are demonstrated for a typical substrate
distance with ramping times of less than 5min from idle temperature to more than 1400°C.
The built-in thermocouple provides a good monitor even to highly dynamic evaporation rates. As a consequence,
standard deposition systems can be upgraded for the development of fast processes and the transfer to inline
production systems becomes much easier.
All Spray Deposited SnS/In2S3 Heterojunction Solar Cells with Device Optimization
Creators: name: Patel, M.
name: Ray, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2268-2270
description: Fabrication of Cadmium free p-SnS/ n-In2S3 heterojunction entirely by spray pyrolysis technique is
reported for the first time. The device structure was realized on F:SnO2/Glass substrate as front contact TCO and
thermally evaporated Cu or graphite as back contact. Both the p-type and n-type layers were made on a Spray station
maintained at 3500C without further annealing. Optical characterization showed a direct optical band-gap of 1.3 eV for
SnS with a high absorption coefficient of 3.5×104 cm-1 . The effect of thickness of the SnS layer and the back contact on
the device performance was investigated. The performance of the finished device was found to be improved by replacing
the graphite back contact with thermally evaporated Cu. The illuminated JV characteristics under standard test condition
showed an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.3 V and short-circuit current density (JSC) of 4.8 mA/cm2 for an active area of
25 mm2 when thermally evaporated Cu is used as back contact.
Gangentwicklung und Bewegungswahrnehmung im Hüftgelenk in der Rehabilitation nach TEP-Implantation bei Dysplasiekoxarthrose
Creators: name: Föll, Jens
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Ganganalyse
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: sensomotorisches Lernen
subject: TEP-Implantation
subject: Gait analysis
subject: sensorimotor learning
subject: Total Hip Replacement
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: YK 1804
subject: YK 3554

description: Observative prospektive Kohortenstudie mit 22 Patienten über 3 Jahre. Wir untersuchten, ob die intensive Schulung der Diskrimination des Hüftgelenks von Beckenbewegungen Auswirkungen auf die Harmonisierung des Gangbilds in der postoperativen Rehabilitation habe. Es wurde anhand der videogestützten Ganganalyse auf dem Laufband ein Score der Gangharmonie gebildet, der neben dem Gang als Ganzkörperbewegung auch koordinative Faktoren wie den Bewegungsfluß berücksichtigt. Faktoren wie Schmerz und Erfahrung in übenden Verfahren wurden in einer Regressionsanalyse auf ihre Assoziation mit der Gangharmonie überprüft. Modelle des Bewegungslernens wurden auf langfristige Strategien der Rehabilitation angewendet.
description: Prospective observative cohort study over 3 years. A cohort of people with OA of the hip due to CDH was followed up over 3 years. The discrimination of hip movements from pelvis movements was measured and compared with the gait harmony. A Gait Harmony Score reflecting total body movement and coordinative factors has been developed and validated. In a regression analysis we measured the association between confounding variables like preoperative pain and experience in exercise with gait harmony and hip proprioception. Models of motor learning in rehabilitation have been applied to the postoperative development of the gait in order to establish models for longterm rehabilitation strategies.
Quantum Trajectory Thermodynamics with Discrete Feedback Control
Creators: name: Gong, Zongping
name: Ashida, Yuto
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the quantum jump trajectory approach to construct a systematic framework to study the thermodynamics at the trajectory level in a nonequilibrium open quantum system under discrete feedback control. Within this framework, we derive quantum versions of the generalized Jarzynski equalities, which are demonstrated in an isolated pseudospin system and a coherently driven two-level open quantum system. Due to quantum coherence and measurement backaction, a fundamental distinction from the classical generalized Jarzynski equalities emerges in the quantum versions, which is characterized by a large negative information gain reflecting genuinely quantum rare events. A possible experimental scheme to test our findings in superconducting qubits is discussed.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Using Container Ontologies Built on ISA for (Meta)data Quality Analysis in Transcriptomics
Creators: name: Dörpholz, Hannah
name: Usadel, Björn
name: Kranz, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ontology
ARC
research data management
dataPLANT

description: Research data management is essential for scientific research, enabling interoperability, reproducibility and sharing of knowledge. The ARC Container, a research data container developed in DataPLANT, is built upon ISA and structures experimental (meta)data hierarchically. The corresponding ARC Container Ontology offers a graph representation of the ARC, linking all concepts and attributes together in a semantic network. This ontology facilitates additional analyses and metadata inference, based on structured experimental data. We demonstrate its use for analyzing single cell RNA sequencing data from Arabidopsis thaliana from public datasets. By querying quality scores for the data files and the experimental parameters, we investigate the relationship between raw data quality and the experimental setup. In the future, the ARC Container Ontology will be expanded to cover additional standards to ISA and applied to data types from different methodologies in order to facilitate extensive analyses for diverse data in plant sciences.
description: {"references": ["https://nfdi4plants.org/nfdi4plants.knowledgebase/docs/implementation/AnnotatedResearchContext.html", "M\u00fchlhaus et al. (2021), in: Heuveline & Bisheh, (Eds.): E-Science-Tage 2021, p. 132-145. DOI: 10.11588/heibooks.979.c13724", "Wilkinson et al. (2016), Sci Data 3, 160018. DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.18", "Sansone et al. (2016), Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.163640", "Crusoe et al. (2022), Commun. ACM65, 6, 54-63. DOI: 10.1145/3486897", "https://protege.stanford.edu/", "https://github.com/pwin/owlready2/", "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments?species=%22arabidopsis%20thaliana%22", "Andrews (2010), available online: https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/", "https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/"]}
GaAs/CuInGaSe Mechanical Stacking Multi-Junction Solar Cells Using Direct Bonding Method with Conductive Nanoparticle Alignments
Creators: name: Makita, K.
name: Komaki, H.
name: Mizuno, H.
name: Sai, H.
name: Sugaya, T.
name: Oshima, R.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Matsubara, K.
name: Niki, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2279-2281
description: This paper shows a first demonstration of GaAs/CuInGaSe (CIGSe) mechanical stacking multijunction
solar cell with unique direct bonding method. A two-junction cell with InGaP (Eg-1.89 eV) and CIGSe (Eg-
1.2 eV) was realized with conductive Pd nanoparticle alignments and van der Waals bonding. The obtained efficiency
was 10.18%, which was governed by the short-circuit current density of the InGaP top cell. However, the obtained
high open-circuit voltage (1.76 V) and low bonding resistance (~1 Ωcm2) suggested the high availability of this
bonding method for the heterogeneous cell combinations. Since our theoretical calculation predicted that the
efficiency can be improved over 25%, the GaAs/CIGSe multi-junction solar cells can be expected as high-efficiency
and low-cost next generation solar cells.
Large Area Single CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared by Low-Temperature Deposition Process on Flexible Polyimide
Creators: name: Li, Z.
name: Liu, W.
name: He, J.
name: Li, Z.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Sun, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2282-2284
description: CIGS thin film solar cells deposited on the flexible polyimide (PI) substrate has high power to weight
ratio and suit to roll-to-roll large scale production. But the PI substrate tolerates the temperature below of 490oC, and
the element diffusion rates during the deposition of CIGS thin film will be decreased, then it can lead to the
deterioration of crystallinity and uniformity in the CIGS thin films, so the device performance will be poor.
Especially, when the area of the CIGS thin film solar cells became larger, the problems became more serious than
before. In our work, we prepare the 2×2cm2 and 4×4cm2 CIGS thin films by modified three-stage co-evaporation
process on the PI substrate and focus on the growth mechanism in the low-temperature process. The Mo back
electrode, uniformity of absorbers and grid design are investigated. According to the experimental and modeling
results, the device performances are improved and the efficiencies of 2×2cm2 and 4×4cm2 are above 5% and 8%,
respectively.
Quantitative Shunt Determination in Organic Solar Modules Using Lock-in-Thermography
Creators: name: Hoyer, U.
name: Besold, S.
name: Bachmann, J.
name: Swonke, T.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2232-2235
description: Shunts in organic solar modules are known to be detrimental with respect to their low light behavior. In
all known methods to measure the ohmic shunt value the cell has to be directly accessible. To determine shunt values
in solar modules consisting of series connected bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, in this manuscript a precise
method is presented where the single cells cannot be accessed separately. It will be shown that the shunts that are
detected using Illuminated Lock-in-thermography are strongly ohmic, although parallel resistances in organic solar
cells usually show a strong dependence on the illumination intensity. Therefore the defects can be assigned a distinct
ohmic value.
An Online Mechanism for Ridesharing in Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems
Creators: name: Shen, Wen
name: Lopes, Cristina V.
name: Crandall, Jacob W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With proper management, Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) systems have great potential to satisfy the transport demands of urban populations by providing safe, convenient, and affordable ridesharing services. Meanwhile, such systems can substantially decrease private car ownership and use, and thus significantly reduce traffic congestion, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. To achieve this objective, an AMoD system requires private information about the demand from passengers. However, due to self-interestedness, passengers are unlikely to cooperate with the service providers in this regard. Therefore, an online mechanism is desirable if it incentivizes passengers to truthfully report their actual demand. For the purpose of promoting ridesharing, we hereby introduce a posted-price, integrated online ridesharing mechanism (IORS) that satisfies desirable properties such as ex-post incentive compatibility, individual rationality, and budget-balance. Numerical results indicate the competitiveness of IORS compared with two benchmarks, namely the optimal assignment and an offline, auction-based mechanism.
Status of the Dye Solar Cell Technology (DSC) as a Guideline for Further Research
Creators: name: Hinsch, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2239-2247
description: Recently first commercial dye solar cell (DSC) products have successfully been launched. The market
introduction is accompanied by a strong increase in patent applications in the field during the last 4 years
which is a good indication that further commercialization activities are undertaken. Materials and cell
concepts have been developed to such extend that an easy uptake by industrial manufacturers is
possible. The critical phase for a broad market acceptance is therefore reached which implies to focus on
standardization related research topics. In parallel the amount of scientific publications on DSC is
growing further (larger 1000 since 2012 [4]) and the range of new or renewed more fundamental topics
is broadening. In this sense a growing divergence between market introduction and research could be
the consequence. In this paper an attempt is undertaken to show, that such an unwanted divergence
can be prevented e.g. by developing suitable reference type cell and module concepts as well as
manufacturing routes. Another important point which will be addressed is the issue of sustainability both
affecting market introduction as well as the direction of fundamental research.
UniSAFE: Brunel University – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Low Temperature Epitaxial Growth of Si and SiGe and Their Transfer to Foreign Substrate
Creators: name: Cariou, R.
name: Massiot, I.
name: Ruggeri, R.
name: Ramay, N.
name: Tang, J.
name: Cattoni, A.
name: Collin, S.
name: Nassar, J.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2225-2227
description: Using a standard RF-PECVD reactor, silicon layers are epitaxially grown at 175°C. Few μm thick layers can be
efficiently used as an absorber in the wafer equivalent approach: p++c-Si(wafer) / epi-Si(~μm) / n+aSi:H(12nm) has
excellent diodes characteristics with FF of 80.5 % and 8,8% efficiency. By dilution of GeH4 in SiH4/H2 plasma, we show
for the first time epitaxial SiGe alloys, with variable Ge fraction, grown at such low temperature. Structural and
electronic properties of these materials has well has solar cells parameters are investigated using spectroscopic
ellipsometry, Raman, TEM, J(V) characteristics and EQE. Using stress induced lift off technique ultra-thin Si layers of
few cm2 are transferred on inexpensive substrates. Material quality is kept constant during the transfer process as shown
by Raman FWHM of 5.3 cm-1, and ultra-thin heterojunctions solar cells are processed on foreign substrates. Preliminary
results suggest lifetimes in higher than 67 μs for passivated 3,2μm thick transferred epitaxial PECVD grown layers.
Recent Developments in Photovoltaic Dye Cells at 3GSolar
Creators: name: Goldstein, J.
name: Breen, B.
name: Schwarz, M.
name: Stein, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2252-2255
description: Dye-sensitized solar cells have attracted much interest as an alternative to conventional photovoltaics
because of several advantages including low cost and superior performance under less-than-ideal conditions.
However, the technology has shown scale-up, efficiency and stability problems that have hindered the move to
commercialization. 3GSolar Photovoltaics, Ltd. has developed a novel, robust, corrosion-resistant, current-collecting
grid that allows scale-up to large area, practical-sized cells (225cm2) having increased stability and with reduced
wastage of active area. These cells are acknowledged as the largest area dye cells in the world, with a confirmed
record breaking current, and they can be assembled into multi-cell modules on a support structure. The company is
now focusing efforts on reaching over 10% efficiency for glass-based dye cells aimed at the BIPV market and, in a
new direction, to reach 5-10% efficiency for glass and all-plastic dye cells for consumer and indoor applications. This
paper will discuss our recent progress in large-area glass cells, including durability, and in small-area glass and allplastic
cells for consumer and indoor applications.
Local cohomology of Du Bois singularities and applications to families
Creators: name: Ma, Linquan
name: Schwede, Karl
name: Shimomoto, Kazuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 13D45, 14F18, 13A35, 14D99

description: In this paper we study the local cohomology modules of Du Bois singularities. Let $(R,m)$ be a local ring, we prove that if $R_{red}$ is Du Bois, then $H_m^i(R)\to H_m^i(R_{red})$ is surjective for every $i$. We find many applications of this result. For example we answer a question of Kovács and the second author on the Cohen-Macaulay property of Du Bois singularities. We obtain results on the injectivity of $Ext$ that provide substantial partial answers of questions of Eisenbud-Mustata-Stillman in characteristic $0$, and these results can be viewed as generalizations of the Kodaira vanishing theorem for Cohen-Macaulay Du Bois varieties. We prove results on the set-theoretic Cohen-Macaulayness of the defining ideal of Du Bois singularities, which are characteristic $0$ analog of results of Singh-Walther and answer some of their questions. We extend results of Hochster-Roberts on the relation between Koszul cohomology and local cohomology for $F$-injective and Du Bois singularities, see Hochster-Roberts. We also prove that singularities of dense $F$-injective type deform.
description: 24 pages, minor changes. To appear in Compositio Mathematica
Optimization of the Stabilized Efficiency of Thin-Film Tandem Solar Cells through Power Matching
Creators: name: Blank, B.
name: Ulbrich, C.
name: Zahren, C.
name: Pieters, B.E.
name: Gerber, A.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2218-2221
description: In series connected tandem solar cells the overall current at a given voltage is limited by the sub cell
producing the least current. Therefore, a so called matching of the sub cells (i.e. adjusting the sub cell thicknesses) is
necessary to maximize the output performance. However, the commonly used current-matching of the short-circuit
currents does not lead to a maximal output power. The power matching condition, on the other hand, optimizes the
output power and can experimentally be accessed by characterizing the cells under systematically varied spectral
irradiance, under which the device is (mis)matched in current or power. In order to examine the light induced
degradation of a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cells, this characterization method has been applied at different light soaking
times. The experiment permits to distinguish between the loss in efficiency due to the change in matching and the
degradation of the top-cell,known as the Staebler Wronski Effect. Furthermore, our study reveals an average 3%
higher stabilized efficiency in the power matching condition than under current matching for the examined a-Si:H/μc-
Si:H solar cells. The optimized stabilized efficiency is reached at a short-circuit current mismatch of up to 2 mA/cm2.