cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Skin colour, colour preferences and retinal structure of pot bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis
Creators: name: Maass, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study investigated the effects of background colour (light and tank colour) on the skin colour changes, colour preferences and retinal structure in the pot ‚ÄövÑvÆ bellied seahorses Hippocampus abdominalis. Most of the seahorses changed their skin colour when held in different coloured tanks (red, yellow, green, blue and white) over 56 days. Exposure to coloured light (56 days), however did not have a significant influence on skin colour. Skin colour was measured every fortnight with the RAL design TM colour charts, where body parts (ventral, dorsal and spots) of fish were compared to the chart and their colour values recorded. In both experiments survival (F = 0.68, df 4, 19; P = 0.617; F = 3.17, df 4, 14; P = 0.063) and growth (F = 0.66, df 4, 19; P = 0.353; F = 1.71, df 4, 14; P = 0.224) was not significantly affected by any of the experimental colours. Measuring the colour preferences of non‚ÄövÑvÆadapted seahorses of different life stages in a free ‚ÄövÑvÆ colour ‚ÄövÑvÆ choice experiment for background colour or lighting colour (test colours: red, yellow, green, blue and white) resulted in a significant preference for a white background (F = 39.89 df 4, 45; P < 0.001) and green, blue and white light (F = 1.82, df 16, 225; P <0.05). Seahorses adapted to different tank (F = 9.01 df 24, 100; P < 0.001) and lighting colours (F = 14.37 df 24, 100; P < 0.001) also preferred white in the background colour preference test, while in the light colour preference test, green was significantly preferred over the other test colours (background adapted fish: F = 5.41 df 24, 100; P < 0.001), (light adapted fish: F = 9.61 df 100, 125; P <0.001). Histological examination of the retinal structure of the colour‚ÄövÑvÆadapted seahorses (56 d) showed that there was an influence of the green adaptation colour on retinal layer thickness and the blue adaptation colour on cone mosaics in both experiments (tank colour, light colour). Seahorses adapted to a green background or light had relatively thinner pigment epithelia and thicker absolute ganglion cell layers than seahorses of the other colours. Adaptation to a blue background or light caused the number of single cones to change in the retinal mosaic where the square units had two or three central single cones compared to other colours with just one central single cone.
Super-resolution far-field ghost imaging via compressive sampling
Creators: name: Gong, Wenlin
name: Han, Shensheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much more image details can be resolved by improving the system's imaging resolution and enhancing the resolution beyond the system's Rayleigh diffraction limit is generally called super-resolution. By combining the sparse prior property of images with the ghost imaging method, we demonstrated experimentally that super-resolution imaging can be nonlocally achieved in the far field even without looking at the object. Physical explanation of super-resolution ghost imaging via compressive sampling and its potential applications are also discussed.
description: 4pages,4figures
title: Essential Tyrosine Residues in Calf Liver Uridine Diphosphoglucose Pyrophosphorylase, E.C. 2.7.7.9.
Creators: name: Bachmann, Robert Carl
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The catalytic necessity of tyrosine residues in uridine diphospho- glucose pyrophosphorylase [E.C. 2.7.7.9] was investigated. Chemical modification of the pyrophosphorylase by N-acetylimidazole indicated that tyrosine residues were essential for activity. Approximately 23 of 112 tyrosines per molecule of 475,000 Daltons could be 0-acetylated. Solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy supported this number of exposed tyrosine side chains and in conjunction with chemical modification indicated that at least 11 to 12 tyrosyl residues per protein molecule are fully exposed. it her subst rate, uridine t riphosphate or uridine diphosphoglucose, afforded significant protection against inactivation by N-acetylimidazole. The significance of these tyrosine residues is discussed in terms of a quaternary subunit model for uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase.
Auxin and gibberellins in Eucalyptus globulus
Creators: name: McElwee, DJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Auxin and gibberellin (GA) are both crucial regulators of growth in the vascular cambium, effecting elongation, differentiation and the rate of cell division in trees. In several herbaceous species auxin has been found to influence the biosynthesis of GAs. To investigate the possibility of a similar interaction in Eucalyptus globulus, auxin levels were manipulated by treatment and application and GA levels monitored in the intemodes of seedlings and the vascular cambium of trees. In seedlings, auxin reduction treatments typically reduced IAA by 10-fold or more and application of exogenous auxin restored auxin levels to levels similar to untreated plants. The effect of auxin reduction treatment on GAs was found to have its greatest impact on levels of GA\\(_{20}\\), whilst GA\\(_{19}\\) was unaffected. Application of exogenous auxin increased GA levels in seedlings, but did not restore them. Auxin levels were reduced below the girdle in trees but application of auxin had no effect on GA levels in the vascular cambium. Further, analysis of the metabolites of radio-labelled GAs fed to excised seedling stems in MS media showed no effect of auxin on GA metabolism. These results suggest that while auxin can affect GA content in primary tissues, it does not necessarily affect GA content in tree stems.
title: Continuous Flow Analysis of Non-Casein Protein in Milk
Creators: name: White, Robert Steven
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The Technicon AutoAnalyzer II was evaluated for automatic quantitation of non-casein protein (NCP) in milk. The Lowry method f or colorimetric measurement of proteins was adapted to the automated method and found to be accurate in the determination of non-casein protein in milk. The automated Lowry method obeyed Beer's law. Casein content was calculated by difference between total protein determined by infrared milk analysis (IRMA) and non-casein protein. In the analysis of twenty-five replicate milk samples, the standard deviation was 0.32 and the coefficient of variability was 0.90. The casein content as a percentage of total protein in the milk of cows in the Utah State University dairy herd was found to vary from 41.0 to 81.3%. The automated or continuous flow method was affected by as little as 0.05% (w/w) mercuric chloride, a chemical preservative used in milk, whereas potassium dichromate and formaldehyde had insignificant effects upon the assay.
Data Management Plan - interim version
Creators: name: Barrué, Cristian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: This is a live document that describes the different processes regarding data management, storage and exploitation that are to be agreed and adopted by every member of the CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD Consortium. Over the course of the project this document will be reviewed and updated. Additional information on the data structure or the methodology, a change in responsibility for a task or in the budget, may be included in future versions of the Data Management Plan. This is the second deliverable of this document, including privacy impact assessment, ethical aspects of the data, data breach protocols, datasets definition at database level and more details on the sharing policies.
Lattice field theory simulations of graphene
Creators: name: Drut, Joaquín E.
name: Lähde, Timo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Monte Carlo method of simulating lattice field theories as a means of studying the low-energy effective theory of graphene. We also report on simulational results obtained using the Metropolis and Hybrid Monte Carlo methods for the chiral condensate, which is the order parameter for the semimetal-insulator transition in graphene, induced by the Coulomb interaction between the massless electronic quasiparticles. The critical coupling and the associated exponents of this transition are determined by means of the logarithmic derivative of the chiral condensate and an equation-of-state analysis. A thorough discussion of finite-size effects is given, along with several tests of our calculational framework. These results strengthen the case for an insulating phase in suspended graphene, and indicate that the semimetal-insulator transition is likely to be of second order, though exhibiting neither classical critical exponents, nor the predicted phenomenon of Miransky scaling.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Published version freely available if accessed via http://physics.aps.org/articles/v2/30
Comparison and oscillation theorems for elliptic equations and systems
Creators: name: Noussair, Ezzat Sami
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the first part of this thesis, strong comparison theorems of Sturm's type are established for systems of second order quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations. The technique used leads to new oscillation and nonoscillation criteria for such systems. Some criteria are deduced from a comparison theorem, and others are derived by a direct variational method. Some of our results constitute extensions of known theorems to non-self-adjoint quasilinear systems. Application of these results to first order systems leads to criteria for the existence of conjugate points. In the second part, comparison theorems are obtained for elliptic differential operators of arbitrary even order. A description of the behaviour of the smallest eigenvalue for such operators is given under domain perturbations by means of Garding's inequality. New oscillation and nonoscillation criteria are obtained by variational methods. Specialization of our theorems to elliptic equations of fourth order, and to ordinary differential equations yields various generalizations of known results.
Localization and Mass Spectra of Fermions on Symmetric and Asymmetric Thick Branes
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Fu, Chun-E
name: Zhao, Li
name: Duan, Yi-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-parameter (positive odd integer $s$, thickness factor $λ$, and asymmetry factor $a$) family of asymmetric thick brane solutions in five dimensions were constructed from a two-parameter ($s$ and $λ$) family of symmetric ones in [R. Guerrero, R.O. Rodriguez, and R. Torrealba, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{72}, 124012 (2005).]. The values $s=1$ and $s\geq3$ correspond to single branes and double branes, respectively. These branes have very rich inner structure. In this paper, by presenting the mass-independent potentials of Kaluza--Klein (KK) modes in the corresponding Schrödinger equations, we investigate the localization and mass spectra of fermions on the symmetric and asymmetric thick branes in an AdS background. In order to analyze the effect of gravity-fermion interaction (i.e., the effect of the inner structure of the branes) and scalar-fermion interaction to the spectrum of fermion KK modes, we consider three kinds of typical kink-fermion couplings. The spectra of left chiral fermions for these couplings are consisted of a bound zero mode and a series of gapless continuous massive KK modes, some discrete bound KK modes including zero mode (exist mass gaps) and a series of continuous massive KK modes, infinite discrete bound KK modes, respectively. The structures of the spectra are investigated in detail.
description: v1: 35 pages, 21 figures; v2: 22 pages, 22 figures, to appear in PRD
title: Assay and Control of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin a Development in Cheddar Cheese Slurries
Creators: name: Gandhi, Niranjan R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Attempts were made to adapt the microtiter hemagglutination inhibition assay technique for the assay of enterotoxin A. The presence of a potent hemagglutinin in crude and partially purified preparations and the instability of sensitized erythrocytes prevented its use for routine analysis of enterotoxin from culture media and foods.
A capillary tube immunological assay was developed in which 1 μ g of enterotoxin/ml was detected in less than 1 hr . Interfacial reaction of antisera and enterotoxin solutions in a 1 mm internal diameter capillary tube allowed rapid detection and serological typing of enterotoxins.
Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin A development in Cheddar cheese slurry was evaluated. S. aureus growth and enterotoxin production occurred at 32 C. in 45 and 60% moisture cheese slurries following inoculation with 10 3 to 10 5 bacteria/gram.
Hydrogen peroxide (0. 5%) treatment of slurry at 37 C did not inhibit S. aureus and enterotoxin A development. Heating slurry at 72 C for 30 min eliminated staphylococci but reinoculation with ripening organisms was essential. Addition of sorbic acid (0. 2 to 0. 3%) to a slurry adjusted to pH 5. 0 with lactic acid, inhibited staphylococci. in milk and slurry. Cheese flavor development was retarded due to inhibition of micrococci and lipolysis. Non-protein nitrogen increases paralleled that of sorbate-free controls. Sorbate treatment was preferred over other treatments .
Uniqueness theorem for charged dipole rings in five-dimensional minimal supergravity
Creators: name: Tomizawa, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a uniqueness theorem for charged dipole rotating black rings in the bosonic sector of five-dimensional minimal supergravity, generalizing our previous work [arXiv:0901.4724] on the uniqueness of charged rotating black holes with topologically spherical horizon in the same theory. More precisely, assuming the existence of two commuting axial Killing vector fields, we prove that an asymptotically flat, stationary charged rotating black hole with non-degenerate connected event horizon of cross-section topology S^1XS^2 in the five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory-if exists-is characterized by the mass, charge, two independent angular momenta, dipole charge, and the rod structure. As anticipated, the necessity of specifying dipole charge-which is not a conserved charge-is the new, distinguished ingredient that highlights difference between the present theorem and the corresponding theorem for vacuum case, as well as difference from the case of topologically spherical horizon within the same minimal supergravity. We also consider a similar boundary value problem for other topologically non-trivial black holes within the same theory, and find that generalizing the present uniqueness results to include black lenses-provided there exists such a solution in the theory-would not appear to be straightforward.
description: 10 pages
Generating highly squeezed Hybrid Laguerre-Gauss modes in large-Fresnel-number Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillators
Creators: name: Navarrete-Benlloch, Carlos
name: de Valcárcel, Germán J.
name: Roldán, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically describe the quantum properties of a large Fresnel number degenerate optical parametric oscillator with spherical mirrors that is pumped by a Gaussian beam. The resonator is tuned so that the resonance frequency of a given transverse mode family coincides with the down-converted frequency. After demonstrating that only the lower orbital angular momentum (OAM) Laguerre-Gauss modes are amplified above threshold, we focus on the quantum properties of the rest of (classically empty) modes. We find that combinations of opposite OAM (Hybrid Laguerre-Gauss modes) can exhibit arbitrary large quadrature squeezing for the lower OAM non amplified modes.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables
Methods for monitoring the abundance of the Northern Australian mud crab Scylla serrata
Creators: name: Hay, TA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The final outcomes of the 1996 Northern Territory mud crab (Scylla serrata) fishery assessment recommended the development of alternate methods for monitoring the abundance and habitat of this species; citing difficulties with analyses of simple CPUE data. In particular the assessment team recommended the testing of a model where: Abundance = area of critical habitat x density of animals per unit of habitat Determination of the suitability of this model required the estimation of two parameters: the area of each critical habitat type and the abundance of crabs per unit of critical habitat type. Consultation with fishery stakeholders, review of historical fishery information and a survey of the literature provided information on the key habitat associations of the mud crab. The two habitats of primary interest, mangroves and mud flats, are generally remote and difficult to access in northern Australia. An existing regional wetland dataset collected using remote-sensing techniques (Landsat ETM+ imagery) was identified and additional analyses were completed providing estimates of area of mangrove, mangrove lined waterways, and mud flat foreshore for each fishing grid. Methods to estimate mud crab abundance within habitat type were reviewed for fitness against species behaviour and environmental conditions. Due to the dynamic nature of this fishery my initial work focused on gaining an understanding of the potential uncertainties in meeting the analysis assumptions. Preliminary studies were undertaken to test various assumptions and uncertainties, such as environmental and biological effects on catchability. An examination of crab movement patterns during short term study periods demonstrated little evidence of large scale movement and a general acceptance of the assumption of a closed population. Mark recapture techniques previously utilised in terrestrial animal abundance estimation were applied for the first time in a marine environment. A new study approach incorporating depletion and mark recapture methods was utilised for mangrove-lined streams and a novel trapping web design for the foreshore mudflat areas. The biomass estimates obtained from these studies were then assessed against four commonly used fishery assessment metrics, commercial catch, commercial effort, commercial CPUE, fishery independent CPUE. Commercial CPUE performed poorly and fishery independent CPUE data partially supported observed trends in the catch. These results provide support that CPUE data performs poorly in assessment of this fishery. Biomass estimates obtained from the mark recapture studies demonstrated very similar temporal trends at both study sites providing good support for the fishery independent methods tested in this project.
Nonextensive thermal sources of cosmic rays?
Creators: name: Wilk, Grzegorz
name: Wlodarczyk, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of cosmic rays (CR) exhibits power-like behavior with a very characteristic "knee" structure. We consider a possibility that such a spectrum could be generated by some specific nonstatistical temperature fluctuations in the source of CR with the "knee" structure reflecting an abrupt change of the pattern of such fluctuations. This would result in a generalized nonextensive statistical model for the production of CR. The possible physical mechanisms leading to these effects are discussed together with the resulting chemical composition of the CR, which follows the experimentally observed abundance of nuclei.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, rewritten and updated version, to be published in Centr. Eur. J. Phys
Joker (2019) and Its Respective Position in Arthouse Cinema
Creators: name: Berra, Isaiah (Author)
Publisher: name: Capilano University
Year: 2020

description: The paper argues that Joker (2019) is the first superhero film that meets the criteria to be classified as arthouse cinema. In the months following its premiere at the Venice Film Festival, the film became the centre of major controversy, with some news outlets concerned that it promotes violence. The author extracts the philosophical ideas, both on- and off-screen, which provoked film critics and audiences. The paper discusses genre theory, the Oedipus complex, and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Joker demands participation from its viewer—a trait of arthouse cinema—which is in strong opposition to the passive experience of other superhero-inspired films.
description: Not peer reviewed
description: Joker (2019), arthouse cinema, genre theory, Oedipus complex, Plato's Allegory of the Cave
On the Spectrum of the Many-Body Pauli Projector
Creators: name: Tursunov, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectrum of the Pauli projector of a quantum many-body system is studied. It is proven that the kern of the complete many-body projector is identical to the kern of the sum of two-body projectors. Since the kern of the many-body Pauli projector defines an allowed subspace of the complete Hilbert space, it is argued that a truncation of the many-body model space following the two-body Pauli projectors is a natural way when solving the Schrödinger equation for the many-body system. These relations clarify a role of the many-body Pauli forces in a multicluster system.
description: 4 pages
title: Detection and Quantitation of Staphylococcus Aureus Deoxyribonuclease in Cheese
Creators: name: Maughan, Cyril Newell
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: A specific method has been developed for the extraction and measurement of staphylococcal nuclease in cheese in which Staphylococcus aureus has grown. Ten grams of cheese sample were homogenized with ninety milliliters of pH ten buffer for three minutes. Ammonium sulfate fractionation was used and a forty to eighty percent fraction was collected and concentrated using ultrafilters. The nuclease activity was determined using a toluidine blue deoxyribonucleic acid agar slide method and a spectophotometric method. The DNA agar slide method was used to compare staphylococcal growth with nuclease production in cheese under varying conditions. When Staphylococcus aureus plate counts indicated populations of three to four thousand per milliliter, it was possible to detect nuclease in the cheese sample.
A method has also been developed to detect Staphylococcus aureus colonies using DNase agar and toluidine blue, utilizing the heat stability of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease.
Allocating taxable income for provincial corporate income taxation in Canada, 2015-2017: practice and analysis
Creators: name: Smart, Michael
name: Vaillancourt, Francois
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2021

description: Canada is one of the few countries in the world where an intra-country formula allocation (FA) mechanism plays an important role in the taxation of corporate income by sub national governments, that is provinces. This paper presents and analyses information prepared for its authors by CRA on the allocation of taxable income between provinces for three years: 2015, 2016 and 2017. Profits allocated using the FA approach account for about one third of taxable income. The Income tax regulations contain one general formula and nine sector specific formulas, the general one is used to allocate more than 85% of revenues between provinces. The second most important one pertains to the banking sector. The formulae used by the CRA date back mainly to 1947 and have applied to all provinces since 1960.They have not been the object of much analysis. In particular the use of a two factor formula with weights of 50% for each of payroll and revenues has not been much discussed. The paper thus presents both the existing distribution of taxable revenues between provinces and simulates what it would be if one of alternative formulas either used in the United States or under examination in Europe was used. The three factor formula would change the distribution of taxable income significantly between provinces
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol. 14 (2021)
title: Purification and Characterization of a Protease From a Lamb Gastric Extract Used for Cheese Flavor Improvement
Creators: name: Chaudhari, Ramjibhai V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: An assay for catheptic activity of lamb gastric tissue extract has been proposed which involves the use of a pH 3.5 hemoglobin substrate following activation of zymogens at pH 2.0, 25C for 30 min.; and inactivation at pH 8.0, 40C for 30 min thereby eliminating the effects of pepsin and rennin. Cathepsin was isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation and gel viii filtration. The purified cathepsin represented approximately 50 fold increase in specific activity over the original extract and a recovery of 15% of the original activity. Degree of purity was monitored by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Some characteristics of the cathepsin were determined. The purified cathepsin hydrolyzed urea-denatured hemoglobin readily at pH 3.5, but it had no activity on substrates specific for cathepsins A, B or c. a-N-benzoyloxycarbonyl- L-gutamyl-L-tyrosine, a-N-benzoyl-L-argininamide hydrochloride and a-N-acetyl-L-tyrosinamide. Approximate isoelectric point was pH 5.6. The purified enzyme was similar to cathepsin D. Parmesan, Romano, and Cheddar cheese manufactured with lamb pregastric esterase and gastric extracts added to the curd or milk were superior in flavor when both were employed, and either extract alone made better cheese than the uninoculated control.
Flame properties and fire spread on cylindrical fuel beds
Creators: name: Ivkovic, Danijela
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis investigates the properties of flame and the propagation of fire on cylindrical fuel beds composed of several types of wood. The majority of experiments were conducted on Tasmanian Oak, although several other fuel types were considered as well. Empirical and physical models of flame propagation are presented. The shape of a flame envelope around a fully ignited horizontal wooden brand was studied experimentally. The change in the flame shape during the period of burning, the time over which burning occurred and the burn efficiency were modelled empirically. Correlations relating these quantities to the geometry of the fuel bed and the rate of the fuel mass loss were performed. These are compared with results previously reported in the literature. A further set of experiments was then performed on flame propagation along the cylindrical brand, for several wood types. The speed of the flame front, the flame height and width, the rate of fuel consumption and the efficiency were all measured, and their behaviour was correlated to the angle of the fuel bed to the horizontal, and to the diameter of the fuel cylinder and the initial moisture content. Some additional experiments were also performed on parallel horizontal cylindrical fuel brands, and the separation between them was found to have a significant effect on flame height. Some mechanisms for this effect are proposed. The emissivity of small flames was measured for different fuel types, and for different geometrical arrangements of the fuel load. Experiments were performed using Tasmanian oak, nogal, ramin, white berch, pine, balsa, sapelli and pine needles as fuels. A mathematical model is presented for describing flame propagation along a horizontal fuel bed. This results in a system of two non-linear coupled partial differential equations involving temperature and available fuel, as functions of time and the distance along the fuel bed. A detailed comparison with the experimental observations is undertaken. Some of the experimentally derived rules are used in the model, and some model parameters have been determined from the experimental observations. The model is capable of predicting the observed behaviour.
A Poissonian explanation for heavy-tails in e-mail communication
Creators: name: Malmgren, R. Dean
name: Stouffer, Daniel B.
name: Motter, Adilson E.
name: Amaral, Luis A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Patterns of deliberate human activity and behavior are of utmost importance in areas as diverse as disease spread, resource allocation, and emergency response. Because of its widespread availability and use, e-mail correspondence provides an attractive proxy for studying human activity. Recently, it was reported that the probability density for the inter-event time $τ$ between consecutively sent e-mails decays asymptotically as $τ^{-α}$, with $α\approx 1$. The slower than exponential decay of the inter-event time distribution suggests that deliberate human activity is inherently non-Poissonian. Here, we demonstrate that the approximate power-law scaling of the inter-event time distribution is a consequence of circadian and weekly cycles of human activity. We propose a cascading non-homogeneous Poisson process which explicitly integrates these periodic patterns in activity with an individual's tendency to continue participating in an activity. Using standard statistical techniques, we show that our model is consistent with the empirical data. Our findings may also provide insight into the origins of heavy-tailed distributions in other complex systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Pointwise Convergence for Subsequences of Weighted Averages
Creators: name: LaVictoire, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A85, 37A30

description: We prove that if $μ_n$ are probability measures on $Z$ such that $\hat μ_n$ converges to 0 uniformly on every compact subset of $(0,1)$, then there exists a subsequence $\{n_k\}$ such that the weighted ergodic averages corresponding to $μ_{n_k}$ satisfy a pointwise ergodic theorem in $L^1$. We further discuss the relationship between Fourier decay and pointwise ergodic theorems for subsequences, considering in particular the averages along $n^2+ \lfloor ρ(n)\rfloor$ for a slowly growing function $ρ$. Under some monotonicity assumptions, the rate of growth of $ρ'(x)$ determines the existence of a "good" subsequence of these averages.
description: LaTeX, 11 pages; corrected from previous version (which included an erroneous minor result)
Additional file 1 of Early glycolytic reprogramming controls microglial inflammatory activation
Creators: name: Cheng, Junjie
name: Zhang, Rong
name: Xu, Zhirou
name: Ke, Youliang
name: Sun, Renjuan
name: Yang, Huicui
name: Zhang, Xiaohu
name: Zhen, Xuechu
name: Zheng, Long-Tai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Mapping the brightness and color of urban to rural skyglow with all-sky photometry
Creators: name: Jechow, Andreas
name: Kyba, Christopher C. M.
name: Hölker, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial skyglow is a form of light pollution with wide ranging implications on the environment. The extent, intensity and color of skyglow depends on the artificial light sources and weather conditions. Skyglow can be best determined with ground based instruments. We mapped the skyglow of Berlin, Germany, for clear sky and overcast sky conditions inside and outside of the city limits. We conducted observations using a transect from the city center of Berlin towards a rural place more than 58 km south of Berlin using all-sky photometry with a calibrated commercial digital camera and a fisheye lens. From the multispectral imaging data, we processed luminance and correlated color temperature maps. We extracted the night sky brightness and correlated color temperature at zenith, as well as horizontal and scalar illuminance simultaneously. We calculated cloud amplification factors at each site and investigated the changes of brightness and color with distance, particularly showing differences inside and outside of the city limits. We found high values for illuminance above full moon light levels and amplification factors as high as 25 in the city center and a gradient towards the city limit and outside of the city limit. We further observed that clouds decrease the correlated color temperature in almost all cases. We discuss advantages and weaknesses of our method, compare the results with modeled night sky brightness data and provide recommendations for future work.
description: 48 pages, 32 figures
title: Study of Air Cell Migration and the Effect of Whipping Temperature on the Overrun, Body and Storage Stability of a Dairy-Based Frozen Whipped Topping
Creators: name: Locker, William J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: A dairy-based whipped topping consisting of 22.0 percent milk fat, 7.5 percent milk solids-not-fat, 12.0 percent sucrose, 10.0 percent corn syrup solids, 0.60 percent gum arabic, 0.06 percent carrageenin, 0.19 percent polyoxyethylene sorbitan rnonostearate, 0.19 percent polyoxythylene sorbitan tristearate, and 0.12 percent sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate was developed that would withstand the rigors of frozen storage. The best products were obtained when the topping was whipped on a Creamery Package 3M-30 continuous type ice cream freezer. Toppings whipped in the laboratory at temperatures higher or lower than -2.2 to -1.0 centigrade were weak and slightly wet. After 18 days frozen storage the toppings whipped at -2.2 centigrade had the best body and texture characteristics. Refrigerated storage after 18 days frozen storage resulted in an enlargement of the air cells and after about 10 days a stale flavor was detected. Commercial application of the formulation was considered feasible.
Functions with closed graphs.
Creators: name: Leitch, F. Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This paper concerns itself mainly with those functions from one topological or metric space to another that have closed graphs in the product space. Their relationship to closed, locally closed, compact, continuous and subcontinuous functions is studied in order to determine the relative strength of the closed graph condition. The paper collects and in some cases extends results found in papers by R. V. Fuller [2], P. E. Long [7] P. Kostyrko and T. Shalat [4], [5] and [6]. The main theorems deal with; 1) the characterization of continuous functions in terms of subcontinuity and the closed graph property; 2) a proof that if f has a closed graph then f is the limit of a sequence of continuous functions; and 3) a study of the operations under which the class of functions with closed graphs is closed.
title: Serum Lipids and Urinary Estrogens of Non-Pregnant Menstruating Young Women
Creators: name: Lee, Shiao-fan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Twelve university women students served as experimental subjects in a study of the serum lipids and urinary estrogens of healthy nonpregnant menstruating young women, who were living under their usual conditions.
The subjects maintained constant weight on their ordinary diets during the entire study period. Antecubital blood and 24-hour urine specimens were collected on certain days which represented different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative analyses were made on serum total cholesterol, lipid phosphorus (phospholipids), triglycerides and total lipids. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of each serum lipid component was also made. Urinary estrone, 17β- estradiol and estriol were separated and quantitatively determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques.
Basic data on serum lipid levels , composition of the fatty acids of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides and urinary estrogens were obtained on these young women . Findings included the following:
1. Mean values of serum total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and total lipids were 162, 165, 105 and 544 mg per cent, respectively. The interindividual variation was greater than intraindividual variation. The values of triglycerides were more variable than those of cholesterol and phospholipids.
2. The major fatty acids in lipid fractions were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. The highest amounts of fatty acid in cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were linoleic, 51; palmitic, 28; and oleic, 33 per cent, respectively. Inter- and intra-individual variations were high.
3. The urinary estrogen values showed that 17 B-estradiol (E 2 ), was usually present in the least and estriol (E 3 ), in the greatest amounts. The mean values of E 1 (estrone), E 2 , E 3 and Et (total) were as follows: 8. 7, 4. 8, 16. 4, and 29. 9 μg per 24-hour urine.
4. The menstrual cycle did affect the urinary excretion of estrogens which showed the lowest values during the first week and then rose to a peak which occurred on or about the time of ovulation or mid-cycle. Then it fell and rose again between the third and fourth week of the cycle. The second peak was usually lower than the first one.
5. Cyclical changes of the concentrations of serum total cholesterol, phospholipids and total lipids have been observed. These changes appeared to be influenced by the estrogenic hormonal activity of the menstrual cycle. The increased excretion of urinary estrogens with a decreased (negative correlation) concentration of serum lipids was recognized.
6. Linoleic acid in cholesterol esters, as well as palmitic acid in phospholipids were found in cyclic changes. The patterns were quite similar to those of serum lipids.
title: Some Factors Affecting the Body and Texture of Direct Acid Cottage Cheese
Creators: name: Kale, Chandarrao G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: Four lots of Cottage cheese were made from the same pasteurized skimmilk; three lots by a direct acid procedure, and a fourth control lot by a conventional culture method. Direct acid curd was formed by cooling the skimmilk to 4C, acidifying to pH 4.6 with concentrated HCl, and warming by electrical resistance to 32C without agitation. Prior to acidification, the three direct-acid lots were treated as follows: 1- No culture, 2- 5% lactic culture added and the pH allowed to reach 6.0, 3- Same as 2 except the pH was allowed to reach S.S. The control lot was set at 32C with 5% lactic culture, and cut at the A-C end point. All lots were cut with 6.35 mm knives, cooked to 62C in 120 min, washed, drained and creamed. Growth of lactic streptococci in skimmilk prior to making direct-acid Cottage cheese increased the non-protein nitrogen in the milk, increased the firmness and moisture content of the uncreamed curd, and significantly improved the meatiness and body and texture scores of the creamed Cottage cheese. Addition of calcium chloride, disodium phosphate, and sodium citrate to Cottage cheese milk did not improve the body and texture of direct acid Cottage cheese.
Examples for exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces
Creators: name: Perling, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14J26, 14M25, 18E30 (Primary), 14F05 (Secondary)

description: In this article we survey recent results of joint work with Lutz Hille on exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces and give examples.
description: 15 pages, requires packages ams*, enumerate, xy, geometry, array, pstricks (quiver corrected, some relations simplified)
Effect of modafinil on simulated driving performance
Creators: name: Hartley, J
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Modafinil (2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide, Modavigil¬¨vÜ) is a novel stimulant medication shown to improve alertness, cognitive performance and subjective mood. It is thought to be a superior alternative to amphetamines; with its neuropsychological profile and resulting behavioural effects suggesting it is functionally distinct from conventional stimulants, such as dexamphetamine. The current study investigated acute driving-related cognitive skills and simulated driving performance following a 200mg single dose of modafinil in well rested individuals, using measures of driving performance that have been demonstrated to be negatively affected by dexamphetamine. Twenty participants completed the double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study, completing a battery of cognitive tasks (Occupational Safety Performance Assessment Technology, reaction time index, stop signal task, rapid visual information processing) and a simulated driving scenario at baseline and at 3 hours post drug administration (peak drug level). No deleterious effects of modafinil were found, which is in contrast to dexamphetamine use on comparable tasks. Subjective levels of alertness were higher at peak modafinil compared to placebo; modafinil lead to faster stop signal reaction time on the stop signal task; less lateral lane deviation and a trend towards fewer centre line crossings were apparent during simulated driving. The findings of the current study indicated that modafinil selectively improves neuropsychological task performance in a functionally different way compared to conventional stimulants, specifically dexamphetamine. These differences in cognitive and behavioural performance may be attributable to the differing neurochemical profile of these drugs, and demonstrate a reduced risk to road safety for modafinil in comparison to existing stimulant medications.
title: Salt Tolerance of Forage Kochia, Gardner's Saltbush, and Halogeton: Studies in Hydroponic Culture
Creators: name: Sagers, Joseph
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) is a halophytic, invasive species that displaces Gardner’s saltbush (Atriplex gardneri) on saline rangelands. Forage kochia (Bassia prostrata) is a potential species to rehabilitate these ecosystems. This study compared the salinity tolerance of these species and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Plants were evaluated for 28 days in hydroponics where they were maintained at 0, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 800 mM NaCl. Shoot growth and ion accumulation were determined. Alfalfa and tall wheatgrass were severely affected by salt with both species’ shoot mass just 32% of control at 150 mM NaCl. Alfalfa did not survive above 300 mM NaCl, while, tall wheatgrass did not survive at salt levels above 400 mM NaCl. In contrast, forage kochia survived to 600 mM, but produced little shoot mass at that level. Halogeton exhibited ‘halophytic’ shoot growth, reaching maximum mass at 141 mM, and not less mass than the control until salinity reached 400 mM. Gardner’s saltbush did not show a dramatic decrease in dry mass produced until it reached salt levels of 600 and 800 mM NaCl. Forage kochia yielded high amounts of dry mass in the absence of salt, but also managed to survive up to 600 mM NaCl. Salt tolerance ranking (GR50 = 50% reduction in shoot mass) was Gardner’s saltbush=halogeton>forage kochia> alfalfa>tall wheatgrass. Both halogeton and Gardner’s saltbush actively accumulated sodium in shoots, indicating that Na+ was the principle ion in osmotic adjustment. In contrast, forage kochia exhibited a linear increase (e.g. passive uptake) in Na+ accumulation as salinity increased. This study confirmed that halogeton is a halophytic species and thus well adapted to salt-desert shrubland ecosystems. Gardner’s saltbush, also a halophyte, was equally salt tolerant, suggesting other factors are responsible for halogeton displacement of Gardner’s saltbush. Forage kochia is a halophytic species that can survive salinity equal to seawater, but is not as salt tolerant as Gardner’s saltbush and halogeton.
ECOTOURISM DYNAMICS: MAPPING POTENTIALS AND OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Solomon, Tesfaye Bekele
name: Rahel, Abera Dinku
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economic development
subject: GDP growth
subject: Employment
subject: Foreign exchange earnings

description: Tourism stands as a pivotal industry globally, recognized for its potential to drive long-term economic development and alleviate poverty. This paper examines the multifaceted impacts of tourism on economic growth, particularly focusing on its contribution to GDP, employment, and foreign exchange earnings. Drawing upon a synthesis of existing literature, we highlight the substantial role tourism plays in the global economy, ranking as the fourth-largest export category worldwide. Through empirical evidence and theoretical analysis, this study underscores the positive correlation between tourism growth and economic advancement, emphasizing its significance as an alternative avenue for fostering development, especially in comparison to traditional sectors like industrialization. Notably, tourism's capacity to generate employment opportunities and stimulate GDP growth emerges as a key driver of economic prosperity, supported by empirical findings from various scholars. Furthermore, we explore the intricate relationship between tourism and foreign exchange earnings, elucidating how these two factors synergistically propel economic expansion. Our findings reveal that tourism's contribution to GDP stands at 9.5% globally, with a significant share in both developed and developing countries' exports, underscoring its pivotal role in driving economic resilience and sustainability. By shedding light on these dynamics, this paper aims to provide policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders with insights into harnessing tourism's potential as a catalyst for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction