cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aspekty ekonomiczne uprawy pszenicy ozimej w gospodarstwach indywidualnych
Creators: name: Gugała, Marek
name: Zarzecka, Krystyna
name: Kapela, Krzysztof
name: Krasnodębska, Ewa
name: Sikorska, Anna
name: Gugała, Marek
name: Zarzecka, Krystyna
name: Kapela, Krzysztof
name: Krasnodębska, Ewa
name: Sikorska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: profitability
subject: winter wheat
subject: yield
subject: growing years
subject: production costs

description: The aim of this study was to perform an economic analysis of winter wheat production and presentation of production profitability in the years 2012-2014. The data came from a farm specializing in the production of winter wheat. Seed yield of wheat in 2012 reached the level 8.5 t/ha, in 2013 amounted to 8.7 t/ha, while in 2014, 9.8 t/ha. Income in the analyzed period was 4791.40 PLN/ha, 3564.25 PLN/ha, and 409.40 PLN per 1 ha, and a high variability in income was dictated by price and yield obtained in individual years of the study. The largest share in the structure of costs was the cost of fertilizers (39.0 and 40.0%).
Using Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Stream Bioassessment
Creators: name: Vorste, Ross
name: Ganong, Carissa
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2024

description: Bioassessment is an evaluation of the biological condition of a waterbody using biological surveys and other direct measurements of resident living organisms. Aquatic macroinvertebrates are important indicators of stream health: they are relatively long-lived, differentially sensitive to environmental stressors, and relatively easy to sample. This lesson is a hands-on introduction to the use of stream macroinvertebrates in assessing a stream’s biological condition. Students will learn how to (1) sample and identify stream macroinvertebrates and (2) conduct a rapid bioassessment to quantify ecosystem integrity based on the macroinvertebrate taxa that they collect. The lesson can be conducted with any number of students (although a second instructor would likely be needed for class sizes >20) and is appropriate for undergraduates of all levels.
Wzrost oczekiwanej długości życia ludności obszarów wiejskich i jego społeczno-ekonomiczne konsekwencje – analiza regionalna
Creators: name: Jakubowska, Agnieszka
name: Jakubowska, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: life expectancy
subject: demographic processes
subject: rural areas

description: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in life expectancy in different regions in Poland, with particular emphasis on the specifics of these processes in rural areas. The analysis was based on a study of differentiation parameters describing the change in life expectancy in rural and urban areas. Using statistical data at NUTS 2 level indicated on the nature of the investigated processes at regional level.
Interaction of Supermassive Black Holes with their Stellar and Dark Matter Environments
Creators: name: Merritt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of recent theoretical work on the interactions of supermassive single and binary black holes with their nuclear environments, highlighting ways in which the observed structure of nuclei can be used to constrain the formation history of black holes.
description: 15 pages, to appear in "Growing Black Holes: Accretion in Cosmological Context"
Konsumpcjonizm i dekonsumpcja jako współczesne trendy rynkowe. Zachowania polskich konsumentów
Creators: name: Jasiulewicz, Anna
name: Jasiulewicz, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: overconsumption
subject: deconsumption
subject: ethic consumption

description: Marketers are trying t o meet contemporary market trends, such as overconsumption and sustainable consumption, that stand in opposition to each other. The article presents a review of the literature and the results of the research, conducted with the help of a questionnaire, regarding issues of contemporary consumer trends, such as overconsumption and deconsumption. An attempt was made to assess whether the behaviours of Polish consumers are a part of sustainable and responsible consumption trend, which has become increasingly noticeable in many developed market economies. The results of the study indicate that it is impossible to state clearly that Polish consumers do not consume in a sustainable way, although many of their behaviours indicate overconsumption. However, their behaviour in the market in some areas is consistent with the idea of deconsumption
Periods and classifications of RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster M15
Creators: name: Hoffman, Andrew M.
name: Murakami, Yukei S.
name: Zheng, WeiKang
name: Stahl, Benjamin E.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the periods, amplitudes, and types of 74 RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster M15 derived from Nickel 1 m telescope observations conducted at LickObservatory in 2019 and 2020. Of these RR Lyrae stars, two were previously reported but without a determination of the period. In addition, we identify five Type II Cepheid variable stars for which we report three novel period determinations, and a further 34 stars with uncertain classifications and periods. We discuss the development and subsequent application to our data of a new Python package, Period-determination and Identification Pipeline Suite(PIPS), based on a new adaptive free-form fitting technique to detect the periods of variable stars with a clear treatment of uncertainties.
description: 21 pages. Accepted to MNRAS
Zmiany w spożyciu owoców i warzyw oraz ich przetworów w Polsce w latach 1999–2013 a zjawisko zrównoważonej konsumpcji
Creators: name: Jąder, Karolina
name: Wawrzyniak, Julian
name: Jąder, Karolina
name: Wawrzyniak, Julian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: fruits
subject: vegetables
subject: fruit and vegetable preserves
subject: consumption sustainable consumption

description: The main aim of this paper was to present changes in the consumption of fruit and vegetables and their preserves in Polish households in 1999–2013. The additional aim was to relate the results of analysis to the phenomenon of sustainable consumption. The analysis was based on secondary data contained in the publications of the Central Statistical Offi ce – “Households budgets” from 1999–2013. The test period was divided into fi ve sub-periods, which enabled the analysis of the directions of changes in the level and structure of consumption. Changes in consumption were determined by indexes dynamics of changes. A decrease was found in the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables and increase in consumption of fruit and vegetable preserves. There have been also changes in the structure of fresh fruits and vegetables. Reduced consumption of apples was noticed, but increased consumption of exotic fruits. From the point of view of sustainable consumption, these changes were found to be negative.
Rocket and FUSE Observations of IC 405: Differential Extinction and Fluorescent Molecular Hydrogen
Creators: name: France, K.
name: McCandliss, S. R.
name: Burgh, E. B.
name: Feldman, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of the emission/reflection nebula IC 405 obtained by a rocket-borne long-slit spectrograph and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Both data sets show a rise in the ratio of the nebular surface brightness to stellar flux (S/F_*) of approximately two orders of magnitude towards the blue end of the far-UV bandpass. Scattering models using simple dust geometries fail to reproduce the observed S/F_* for realistic grain properties. The high spectral resolution of the FUSE data reveals a rich fluorescent molecular hydrogen spectrum ~1000" north of the star that is clearly distinguished from the steady blue continuum. The S/F_* remains roughly constant at all nebular pointings, showing that fluorescent molecular hydrogen is not the dominant cause for the blue rise. We discuss three possible mechanisms for the ``Blue Dust'': differential extinction of the dominant star (HD 34078), unusual dust grain properties, and emission from nebular dust. We conclude that uncertainties in the nebular geometry and the degree of dust clumping are most likely responsible for the blue rise. As an interesting consequence of this result, we consider how IC 405 would appear in a spatially unresolved observation. If IC 405 was observed with a spatial resolution of less than 0.4 pc, for example, an observer would infer a far-UV flux that was 2.5 times the true value, giving the appearance of a stellar continuum that was less extinguished than radiation from the surrounding nebula, an effect that is reminiscent of the observed ultraviolet properties of starburst galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, using emulateapj, ApJ - accepted
Rolnictwo ekologiczne jako czynnik rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji
Creators: name: Kowalska, Anna
name: Kowalska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: organic farming
subject: organic food
subject: consumption

description: The market of organic products is now one of the fastest growing sectors of food production in the world and especially in the EU countries. The purpose of this article is to present the status of organic farming in Poland and in the EU countries and to show the impact of these products on sustainable consumption. The article uses data from FiBL, IFOAM and IJHARS. For the presentation of the data we used the time series, cluster analysis, and multidimensional clustering of features and objects. In Europe, in 2012, organic products were produced by approx. 320 thousand manufacturers with a total value of 22.8 billion euros, of which 250 thousand in the EU and its value amounted to 20.9 billion euros. In Poland 26 376 organic producers were registered and the value of organic products was valued at 650 thousand PLN. It is crucial for organic farming to invent capital into processing and distribution of organic products. This will provide for continual development and increase the consumer’s awareness of the importance of organic food for both their health and the environment.
Tendencje zmian wzorców konsumpcji w krajach Unii Europejskiej w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju
Creators: name: Murawska, Anna
name: Murawska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: sustainable development
subject: consumption
subject: production
subject: expenditures
subject: energy
subject: waste

description: The aim of the article was to identify changes in consumption occurring in the last decade in Poland and other European Union countries in terms of sustainable development and sustainable production and consumption. The article presents the trends and differences between countries in the level of resource productivity and in selected patterns of consumption, such as waste production, electricity consumption and the use of cars. The source of empirical data was the information from the European Statistical Offi ce Eurostat. They analysed 28 European Union countries and in particular presents the situation in Polish. Research period was 2004–2013. In the analysed period in EU countries we observed a signifi cant growth of production, while gradually rising the level of consumption, increased incomes of the population and at the same time household spending on goods and services. This created environmental pressures mainly through the consumption of electricity and other nonrenewable resources. Consumption patterns are evolving, however, are not suffi ciently effective in the context of the desired modifi cations are compatible with sustainable development.
Optimiser l’appropriation d’une langue seconde : le cas des forums de discussions electroniques
Creators: name: Gettliffe-Grant, Nathalie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Alors que les recherches dans les nouveaux environnements informatiques se multiplient, les connaissances accumulées en acquisition des langues secondes ont du mal à être questionnées dans ce nouveau contexte. L’étude qui suit tente de combler cette lacune en reprenant des notions clés des hypothèses interactionnistes (input, output, interaction, throughput) et en testant leur lien avec l’acquisition linguistique dans le contexte d’un environnement asynchrone enrichi imposé à un grand nombre d’étudiants (n=139) qui suivent des cours de Français Langue seconde à l’Université de Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Les résultats quantitatifs montrent que ce nouveau cadre d’apprentissage permet aux étudiants du groupe expérimental de mieux progresser que le groupe de contrôle au niveau de l’aisance à communiquer, de la précision linguistique et des complexités grammaticale et lexicale à l’écrit. Les résultats qualitatifs corroborent en majorité ces conclusions et apportent en même temps de nouvelles pistes de recherche ainsi que des questionnements sur la validité de mesures moins sensibles au progrès des étudiants. Finalement, une modélisation socio-constructiviste permet de poser les éléments et les processus en jeu lors de communications textuelles asynchrones. Les théories interactionnistes s’en trouvent modifiées afin de prendre en compte des facteurs clés de ces nouveaux environnements numériques, à savoir, l’étirement du temps, une audience multiple et l’absence de négociations du sens et de reformulations. Les interactions intra-personnelles semblent avoir primauté sur les interactions inter-personnelles pour la mobilisation et le recyclage des connaissances linguistiques.
title: Mentors' experiences of supporting pre-registration nursing students : a grounded-theory study
Creators: name: Wisdom, Helen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: This study explores the experiences of mentors who support pre-registration nursing students in clinical practice. The research was conducted in a remote and rural Scottish Health Board area. It poses the question, 'What role do mentors play in facilitating learning in practice?' Sub-questions explore how mentors see their role in promoting students' professional development, how they support students across the four domains of practice identified by the NMC (2004), and what factors impact upon mentors' abilities to promote student learning. An interpretative approach was adopted, guided by the principles of grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). The theoretical framework drew upon social learning theories in helping to explain how possibilities for learning are dependent upon the social situation, social practices and student admission to 'communities of practice' (Lave and Wenger, 1991). The key data collection method was that of interview. 10 mentor volunteers were interviewed on two occasions, 8 of these mentors also kept diaries of their mentoring activities and reflections over a 12 week period. Findings led to the development of a tentative theory 'Fostering student learning' in which mentors facilitated the learning and development of their mentees in a supportive atmosphere likened to that of a nurturing family. The quality of the personal relationship between mentor and mentee was important as mentors established on-going dialogue with their mentees and 'coached' them towards achieving proficiency, instilling in them the values of kindness, compassion and a pride in the profession. In clinical placements in remote settings the pastoral role of the mentor appeared heightened and this added to the pressure mentors experienced as they sometimes struggled to balance competing responsibilities. The role of mentor is vital to supporting student learning, it has significant impact upon those who undertake it. A number of recommendations are made concerned with strengthening the mentor role.
Kinetics of step bunching during growth: A minimal model
Creators: name: Slanina, Frantisek
name: Krug, Joachim
name: Kotrla, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a minimal stochastic model of step bunching during growth on a one-dimensional vicinal surface. The formation of bunches is controlled by the preferential attachment of atoms to descending steps (inverse Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect) and the ratio $d$ of the attachment rate to the terrace diffusion coefficient. For generic parameters ($d > 0$) the model exhibits a very slow crossover to a nontrivial asymptotic coarsening exponent $β\simeq 0.38$. In the limit of infinitely fast terrace diffusion ($d=0$) linear coarsening ($β$ = 1) is observed instead. The different coarsening behaviors are related to the fact that bunches attain a finite speed in the limit of large size when $d=0$, whereas the speed vanishes with increasing size when $d > 0$. For $d=0$ an analytic description of the speed and profile of stationary bunches is developed.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Harmonic fine tuning and triaxial spatial anisotropy of dressed atomic spins
Creators: name: Bevilacqua, Giuseppe
name: Biancalana, Valerio
name: Vigilante, Antonio
name: Zanon-Willette, Thomas
name: Arimondo, Ennio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The addition of a weak oscillating field modifying strongly dressed spins enhances and enriches the system quantum dynamics. Through low-order harmonic mixing the bichromatic driving generates additional rectified static field acting on the spin system. The secondary field allows for a fine tuning of the atomic response and produces effects not accessible with a single dressing field, such as a spatial triaxial anisotropy of the spin coupling constants and acceleration of the spin dynamics. This tuning-dressed configuration introduces an extra handle for the system full engineering for quantum control applications. Tuning amplitude, harmonic content, spatial orientation and phase relation are control parameters. A theoretical analysis, based on perturbative approach, is experimentally validated by applying a bichromatic radiofrequency field to an optically pumped Cs atomic vapour. We measure the resonance shifts produced by tuning fields up to the third harmonic.
description: Corrected some typos and expanded the Supplemental Material
title: Applications of Proton Transfer Reaction and Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry in Health Monitoring
Creators: name: Lourenҫo, Célia Maria Farinha
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: This thesis investigates the use of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in disease diagnosis and monitoring. VOCs may be found in the human body, in exhaled breath, faecal matter, urine, and skin. Analysis of the volatile profile produced in the human body can provide an indicator of metabolic status, allowing the screening and monitoring of different diseases and conditions, non-invasively and painlessly. In this thesis a range of highly sensitive analytical techniques have been adopted to measure such VOCs and demonstrate that such monitoring may be used as a disease diagnostic. For example breath samples may be analysed and calibrated against gas-phase standards prepared under physiologically representative concentrations as a tool for non-invasive disease monitoring, e.g. type 2 diabetes. Detailed faecal headspace analyses of two different mouse models of type 2 diabetes (Cushing´s mice and Afmid) were made. The mouse model of Cushing’s syndrome develop excessive circulating glucocorticoid concentrations, which are associated with obesity, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The Afmid knockout mice suffer inactivation of Afmid genes, which in part regulates many functions including pancreatic secretion. These mice show impaired glucose tolerance. The gut microbiota of diabetic mice appear to have a different composition when compared to wild-type littermates, i.e. significantly increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ketones, alcohols and aldehydes were found in the faecal headspace of diabetic mice, and a possible link between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes is demonstrated. The use of VOCs as a screening tool of colorectal cancer was also explored. The current screening tools show lack of sensitivity and specificity for the screening of the disease. The volatile faecal profile of patients with colorectal cancer was investigated, and sulphide compounds, including hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are shown to have potential as biomarkers for screening of colorectal cancer.
The_complete_chloroplast_genome_sequence_of_Ulmus_szechuanica_(Ulmaceae)_and_its_phylogenetic_analysis-_.docx
Creators: name: Shufang Yan
name: Yichao Liu
name: Shuxiang Feng
name: Xiaoxu Huang
name: Yinran Huang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70501 Agroforestry
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Ulmus szechuanica is a species of Sect.Ulmus and Ser.Nitentes in Ulmaceae, and it is an endangered wild plant in China. The complete chloroplast genome (cp) of U. szechuanica was reported in this study. The result showed that the cp genome was 159,703 bp in length including a large single-copy (LSC) 88,039 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) 19,072 bp, which were separated by two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,296 bp with the typical quadripartite structure, respectively. The genome encoded 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content was 35.53%. Chloroplast sequences were used for constructing phylogenetic tree to determine the evolutionary status of U. szechuanica. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that U. szechuanica displayed a closer kinship to five other Ulmus species. This study provides important information for identification and conservation of species, germplasm resources utilization, and genetic engineering of Ulmus. The cp will provide a reference for future studies on species evolution of Ulmus.
Oznakowanie produktów żywnościowych a zrównoważona konsumpcja
Creators: name: Nestorowicz, Renata
name: Nestorowicz, Renata
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: labelling of food products
subject: sustainable consumption
subject: organic food
subject: fair trade

description: The manifestation of sustainable consumption on the food market is the consumer is choice of products originating from fair trade and/or organic farming. This paper presents the level of knowledge of Fairtrade signs and organic food logo of the EU. The author describes the importance of these signs by purchasing decisions and the relationship between these factors and the declared level ofknowledge about fair trade. In November 2013 research was conducted by the Department of Marketing Strategies at the Poznań University of Economics and Polish Scientifi c Association of Marketing (PNTM). We interviewed 444 people responsible for food shopping in their households. There were structured interviews in 3 Polish cities: Poznań, Szczecin and Lublin. The results confi rm low awareness of Polish consumers in respect of Fairtrade determinations and slightly higher in the case of organic products. Information regarding the origin of the product (fair trade or organic) is not important to consumers when choosing food products. With increasing knowledge on products originating from fair trade derives knowledge of both organic foods and Fairtrade signs, but not the impact of these markings on consumers’ purchasing decisions. Still, people who attach importance to this type of information are niche on the Polish market.
Recent progress on superconductors with time-reversal symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sudeep Kumar
name: Smidman, Michael
name: Shang, Tian
name: Annett, James F.
name: Hillier, Adrian
name: Quintanilla, Jorge
name: Yuan, Huiqiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity and magnetism are antagonistic states of matter. The presence of spontaneous magnetic fields inside the superconducting state is, therefore, an intriguing phenomenon prompting extensive experimental and theoretical research. In this review, we discuss recent experimental discoveries of unconventional superconductors which spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry and theoretical efforts in understanding their properties. We discuss the main experimental probes and give an extensive account of theoretical approaches to understand the order parameter symmetries and the corresponding pairing mechanisms including the importance of multiple bands.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Computing-in-Memory for Performance and Energy Efficient Homomorphic Encryption
Creators: name: Reis, Dayane
name: Takeshita, Jonathan
name: Jung, Taeho
name: Niemier, Michael
name: Hu, Xiaobo Sharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows direct computations on encrypted data. Despite numerous research efforts, the practicality of HE schemes remains to be demonstrated. In this regard, the enormous size of ciphertexts involved in HE computations degrades computational efficiency. Near-memory Processing (NMP) and Computing-in-memory (CiM) - paradigms where computation is done within the memory boundaries - represent architectural solutions for reducing latency and energy associated with data transfers in data-intensive applications such as HE. This paper introduces CiM-HE, a Computing-in-memory (CiM) architecture that can support operations for the B/FV scheme, a somewhat homomorphic encryption scheme for general computation. CiM-HE hardware consists of customized peripherals such as sense amplifiers, adders, bit-shifters, and sequencing circuits. The peripherals are based on CMOS technology, and could support computations with memory cells of different technologies. Circuit-level simulations are used to evaluate our CiM-HE framework assuming a 6T-SRAM memory. We compare our CiM-HE implementation against (i) two optimized CPU HE implementations, and (ii) an FPGA-based HE accelerator implementation. When compared to a CPU solution, CiM-HE obtains speedups between 4.6x and 9.1x, and energy savings between 266.4x and 532.8x for homomorphic multiplications (the most expensive HE operation). Also, a set of four end-to-end tasks, i.e., mean, variance, linear regression, and inference are up to 1.1x, 7.7x, 7.1x, and 7.5x faster (and 301.1x, 404.6x, 532.3x, and 532.8x more energy efficient). Compared to CPU-based HE in a previous work, CiM-HE obtain 14.3x speed-up and >2600x energy savings. Finally, our design offers 2.2x speed-up with 88.1x energy savings compared to a state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator.
description: 14 pages
Essays on political economy in trade and environment
Creators: name: Kawahara, Shinya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis consists of three essays that contribute to international trade and environmental economics. The first essay addresses the question of why some countries fail to adopt environmental policies that are sufficiently strong, while others adopt policies that are too stringent. Constructing a political economy model in which voters face uncertainty due to types of politicians and the risk of environmental damage, it demonstrates that there is an equilibrium in which a politician uses a weaker environmental policy rather than efficient direct transfers for redistribution. It also shows that there is an equilibrium in which a stricter environmental policy can be implemented by a politician who has no incentive to make transfers. Then, the latter equilibrium in which a too stringent environmental policy emerges is shown to be more plausible unless the incumbent’s initial reputation is sufficiently strong. The second essay questions how one country’s decision to liberalize trade affects a political economic structure that determines environmental policy in other country. By constructing a political economy model with endogenous lobby formation, it shows that unilateral tariff reductions (UTRs) by a large country importing a dirty good will generate an industry lobby that demands a lax environmental regulation in a small country exporting that good. Then, it shows that for a pre-existing lobby, the UTRs cause the formation of a lobby group that opposes initially distorted environmental policy in the small country. Numerical simulations show that the UTRs first cause the formation of industry lobby groups and further reductions of trade barriers will generate an environmental lobby in the small country. The third essay examines what the successful scenarios for the environmental policy reforms should look like when they have an impact on the terms of trade. By setting up a general equilibrium model of international trade that is extended to include environmental externalities, it characterizes and compares the welfare-improving reforms of environmental taxes and standards in a large open economy. It also considers the case in which there are multiple rather than single pollutants in the economy to examine how a reform of one pollutant affects other remaining pollutants.
Piezoresistance in defect-engineered silicon
Creators: name: Li, H.
name: Thayil, A.
name: Lew, C. T. K.
name: Filoche, M.
name: Johnson, B. C.
name: McCallum, J. C.
name: Arscott, S.
name: Rowe, A. C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The steady-state, space-charge-limited piezoresistance (PZR) of defect-engineered, silicon-on-insulator device layers containing silicon divacancy defects changes sign as a function of applied bias. Above a punch-through voltage ($V_t$) corresponding to the onset of a space-charge-limited hole current, the longitudinal $\langle 110 \rangle$ PZR $π$-coefficient is $π\approx 65 \times 10^{-11}$~Pa$^{-1}$, similar to the value obtained in charge-neutral, p-type silicon. Below $V_t$, the mechanical stress dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination parameters, specifically the divacancy trap energy $E_T$ which is estimated to vary by $\approx 30$~$μ$V/MPa, yields $π\approx -25 \times 10^{-11}$~Pa$^{-1}$. The combination of space-charge-limited transport and defect engineering which significantly reduces SRH recombination lifetimes makes this work directly relevant to discussions of giant or anomalous PZR at small strains in nano-silicon whose characteristic dimension is larger than a few nanometers. In this limit the reduced electrostatic dimensionality lowers $V_t$ and amplifies space-charge-limited currents and efficient SRH recombination occurs via surface defects. The results reinforce the growing evidence that in steady state, electro-mechanically active defects can result in anomalous, but not giant, PZR.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
A $λ$20cm Survey of the Galactic Center Region I: Detection of Numerous Linear Filaments
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Hewitt, J.
name: Cotton, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sensitive $λ$20cm VLA continuum survey of the Galactic center region using new and archival data based on multi-configuration observations taken with relatively uniform {\it uv} coverage. The high dynamic range images cover the regions within $-2^\circ < l < 5^\circ$ and $-40' < b < 40'$ with a spatial resolution of $\approx30''$ and 10$''$. The wide field imaging technique is used to construct a low-resolution mosaic of 40 overlapping pointings. The mosaic image includes the Effelsburg observations filling the low spatial frequency {\it uv} data. We also present high resolution images of twenty three overlapping fields using DnC and CnB array configurations. The survey has resulted in a catalog of 345 discrete sources as well as 140 images revealing structural details of HII regions, SNRs, pulsar wind nebulae and more than 80 linear filaments distributed toward the complex region of the Galactic center. These observations show the evidence for an order of magnitude increase in the number of faint linear filaments with typical lengths of few arcminutes. Many of the filaments show morphological characteristics similar to the Galactic center nonthermal radio filaments (NRFs). The linear filaments are not isolated but are generally clustered in star forming regions where prominent NRFs had been detected previously. The extensions of many of these linear filaments appear to terminate at either a compact source or a resolved shell-like thermal source. A relationship between the filaments, the compact and extended thermal sources as well as a lack of preferred orientation for many RFs should constrain models that are proposed to explain the origin of nonthermal radio filaments in the Galactic center.
description: 48 pages. The complete version of the paper with 140 figures and four tables can be found in the ApJ preprint website: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/future.html
title: 'Working it out': the educational careers and aspirations of students on an AVCE travel and tourism course at a college of FHE
Creators: name: Morrison, Andrew Robert
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: This study investigated the decision-making processes, and the factors affecting them, in relation to education and labour markets of young people aged 16-19 following a full-time Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education (A VCE) vocational education course in Travel and Tourism at a College of FHE in the West Midlands. In particular, the study sought to evaluate the evidence for the persistence of structurally related (race, class, gender) inequalities in youth post-16 educational attainment against the theory of individualization in youth transitions. The research adopted a case study approach involving: • questionnaire survey of 72 first and second year students of the A VCE; • three focus group interviews with second year students of the A VCE; • eleven individual interviews and one double interview with second year students of the A VCE; • nine individual interviews with members of the AVCE teaching staff. The study developed a theoretical model to represent the decision-making processes of students both prior to and within further education, adapting and developing the concept of 'institutional habitus. The model also recognises the relationships between macro (society), meso (institutional/organisational) and micro (individual) factors. Principally, the study found evidence of differences between students of the white majority group and students of the minority ethnic groups with regards to experiences of further education and orientations towards higher education and labour markets. Secondly, class and gender-based differences within the minority ethnic student samples were also perceived. Evidence was also found for the class and gender-based positioning of students by the teaching staff with consequent implications for the reproduction of classed and gendered inequalities. These findings indicate that research into student aspirations and decision-making must recognise the continuing influence of the prior structural factors of the students and their personal histories, and also the impact of their institutional experiences, particularly as mediated by the teaching staff of an organisation.
Współczesna konsumpcja żywności – w pułapce paradoksu postmodernistycznego świata
Creators: name: Rogala, Anna
name: Rogala, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: consumerism
subject: greening consumption
subject: deconsumption
subject: sustainable consumption

description: The main objective of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the following food consumption trends: consumerism and deconsumption, greening consumption and sustainable consumption. These deliberations are based on a critical analysis of secondary data related to the subject covered, with particular attention given to numerous English literature items. The author discussed the impact of the above-mentioned trends on consumer behaviours on the food market, arguing that contemporary consumption is a consumption of contrasts. In addition, it was shown that consumers dispose a strong bargaining power and they have a potential to infl uence the food producers’ and suppliers’ acting
Electron interaction with the environment in tunnel ionization
Creators: name: Lozano-Gómez, D.
name: Kelkar, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The average dwell time of an electron in a potential barrier formed by an external electric field and the potential of a helium atom is evaluated within a semi classical one-dimensional tunneling approach. The tunneling electron is considered to interact with a nuclear charge screened by the electron in the helium ion. It is found that screening leads to smaller average dwell times of the tunneling electron. The dissipative effect of the environment on the tunneling electron is taken into account within a semiclassical model involving a velocity dependent frictional force and is found to change the average dwell time significantly.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Low-frequency behavior of off-diagonal matrix elements in the integrable XXZ chain and in a locally perturbed quantum-chaotic XXZ chain
Creators: name: Brenes, Marlon
name: Goold, John
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the matrix elements of local operators in the eigenstates of the integrable XXZ chain and of the quantum-chaotic model obtained by locally perturbing the XXZ chain with a magnetic impurity. We show that, at frequencies that are polynomially small in the system size, the behavior of the variances of the off-diagonal matrix elements can be starkly different depending on the operator. In the integrable model we find that, as the frequency $ω\rightarrow0$, the variances are either nonvanishing (generic behavior) or vanishing (for a special class of operators). In the quantum-chaotic model, on the other hand, we find the variances to be nonvanishing as $ω\rightarrow0$ and to indicate diffusive dynamics. We highlight which properties of the matrix elements of local operators are different between the integrable and quantum-chaotic models independently of the specific operator selected.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, as published