cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variable dynamics in the inner disk of HD 135344B revealed with multi-epoch scattered light imaging
Creators: name: Stolker, Tomas
name: Sitko, Mike
name: Lazareff, Bernard
name: Benisty, Myriam
name: Dominik, Carsten
name: Waters, Rens
name: Min, Michiel
name: Perez, Sebastian
name: Milli, Julien
name: Garufi, Antonio
name: de Boer, Jozua
name: Ginski, Christian
name: Kraus, Stefan
name: Berger, Jean-Philippe
name: Avenhaus, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-epoch VLT/SPHERE observations of the protoplanetary disk around HD 135344B (SAO 206462). The $J$-band scattered light imagery reveal, with high spatial resolution ($\sim$41 mas, 6.4 au), the disk surface beyond $\sim$20 au. Temporal variations are identified in the azimuthal brightness distributions of all epochs, presumably related to the asymmetrically shading dust distribution in the inner disk. These shadows manifest themselves as narrow lanes, cast by localized density enhancements, and broader features which possibly trace the larger scale dynamics of the inner disk. We acquired visible and near-infrared photometry which shows variations up to 10% in the $JHK$ bands, possibly correlated with the presence of the shadows. Analysis of archival VLTI/PIONIER $H$-band visibilities constrain the orientation of the inner disk to $i = 18.2°^{+3.4}_{-4.1}$ and ${\rm PA} = 57.3°\pm 5.7°$, consistent with an alignment with the outer disk or a minor disk warp of several degrees. The latter scenario could explain the broad, quasi-stationary shadowing in N-NW direction in case the inclination of the outer disk is slightly larger. The correlation between the shadowing and the near-infrared excess is quantified with a grid of radiative transfer models. The variability of the scattered light contrast requires extended variations in the inner disk atmosphere ($H/r \lesssim 0.2$). Possible mechanisms that may cause asymmetric variations in the optical depth ($Δτ\lesssim1$) through the atmosphere of the inner disk include turbulent fluctuations, planetesimal collisions, or a dusty disk wind, possibly enhanced by a minor disk warp. A fine temporal sampling is required to follow day-to-day changes of the shadow patterns which may be a face-on variant of the UX Orionis phenomenon.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 9 of Personalized neoantigen vaccine prevents postoperative recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with vascular invasion
Creators: name: Cai, Zhixiong
name: Su, Xiaoping
name: Qiu, Liman
name: Li, Zhenli
name: Li, Xiaolou
name: Dong, Xiuqing
name: Wei, Fuqun
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Luo, Liuping
name: Chen, Geng
name: Chen, Hengkai
name: Wang, Yingchao
name: Zeng, Yongyi
name: Liu, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 9: Supplementary Figure S8. The time-course demonstration of quantified levels of treated neoantigen mutations and other somatic mutations in patient N06(A) and N13(B), respectively. The small picture displays the dynamics of the average of mutation allele frequencies in treated neoantigen mutations and other somatic mutations during neoantigen vaccination and follow up.
Antiferromagnetism and singlet formation in underdoped high-Tc cuprates: Implications for superconducting pairing
Creators: name: Bensimon, Damien
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended $t-J$ model is theoretically studied, in the context of hole underdoped cuprates. Based on results obtained by recent numerical studies, we identify the mean field state having both the antiferromagnetic and staggered flux resonating valence bond orders. The random-phase approximation is employed to analyze all the possible collective modes in this mean field state. In the static (Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer) limit justified in the weak coupling regime, we obtain the effective superconducting interaction between the doped holes at the small pockets located around $\bm{k}= (\pm π/2, \pm π/2)$. In contrast to the spin-bag theory, which takes into acccount only the antiferromagnetic order, this effective force is pair breaking for the pairing without the nodes in each of the small hole pocket, and is canceled out to be very small for the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ pairing with nodes which is realized in the real cuprates. Therefore we conclude that no superconducting instability can occur when only the magnetic mechanism is considered. The relations of our work with other approaches are also discussed.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, REVTeX; final version accepted for publication
IIB Supergravity Revisited
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: de Roo, Mees
name: Kerstan, Sven F.
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show in the SU(1,1)-covariant formulation that IIB supergravity allows the introduction of a doublet and a quadruplet of ten-form potentials. The Ramond-Ramond ten-form potential which is associated with the SO(32) Type I superstring is in the quadruplet. Our results are consistent with a recently proposed $E_{11}$ symmetry underlying string theory. For the reader's convenience we present the full supersymmetry and gauge transformations of {\it all} fields both in the manifestly SU(1,1) covariant Einstein frame and in the real U(1) gauge fixed string frame.
description: 36 pages; additional comments in section 7, typos corrected in formulae in sections 5 and 6, references added
title: Autorisation de captation, utilisation, diffusion et conservation de la voix d'une personne
Creators: name: Bureau, Eve
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Source: T-4798
description: Source: C-4798
Adaptive Multi-Task Lasso: with application to eQTL detection
Creators: name: Seunghak  Lee
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Xing, Eric P.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: To understand the relationship between genomic variations among population and complex diseases, it is essential to detect eQTLs which are associated with phenotypic effects. However, detecting eQTLs remains a challenge due to complex underlying mechanisms and the very large number of genetic loci involved compared to the number of samples. Thus, to address the problem, it is desirable to take advantage of the structure of the data and prior information about genomic locations such as conservation scores and transcription factor binding sites. In this paper, we propose a novel regularized regression approach for detecting eQTLs which takes into account related traits simultaneously while incorporating many regulatory features. We first present a Bayesian network for a multi-task learning problem that includes priors on SNPs, making it possible to estimate the significance of each covariate adaptively. Then we find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of regression coefficients and estimate weights of covariates jointly. This optimization procedure is efficient since it can be achieved by using a projected gradient descent and a coordinate descent procedure iteratively. Experimental results on simulated and real yeast datasets confirm that our model outperforms previous methods for finding eQTLs.
Schizoneura lanuginosa Hartig 1839
Creators: name: Brunet, Bryan M. T.
name: Raupach, Michael J.
name: Rehage, Heinz-Otto
name: Havill, Nathan P.
name: Foottit, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aphididae
Schizoneura
Schizoneura lanuginosa

description: Schizoneura lanuginosa Hartig, 1839
 Schizoneura lanuginosa Hartig, 1839: 645. SYNTYPES: 2 (Field no. missing [5.06, 5.07]; 1532 [5.03]; 1741 [5.02]), Ulmus. Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1841) (change of combination— Baker, 1915: 16). Valid
 Specimens. Found in abundance on September 15, 1836 in Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany. An alate (1532) was collected and mounted on a point. Another alate (specimen 1741) collected from Forstgarten, Braunschweig, Germany on October 20, 1836 and pinned. Six additional specimens and an elm gall are also present. Four of these are card-mounted together on a single pin with a white, handwritten label that reads “Blutlause Schizoneura lanigera ”. Next to these but left of Hartig’s standard label for Schizoneura lanigera [= Eriosoma lanigerum] (Hausmann, 1802), are two specimens pointed on separate pins. The first of these (1039) was collected July 17, 1833 from an elm gall. Hartig refers to this as “ Chermes ” in his journal entry. The second pin and the gall are unlabelled.
 Remarks. Specimens 1532 and 1741 are larger in size compared to the remaining specimens, and unlike the latter, or at least specimen 1039, were not clearly associated with elm at the time of collection.Also, while the wings of specimen 1532 are disfigured, those of specimen 1741 have venation that is inconsistent with Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839). Its forewings have unbranched medial veins and its hindwings have transverse veins that arise very close together and do not resemble Hartig’s own illustrations (Hartig 1841, Fig. 24). Instead, it appears to be a species of Prociphilus. Thus, these two specimens may not correspond to the Schizoneura lanuginosa Hartig, 1839 type specimens.
 Whether the six additional specimens belong to Hartig’s S. lanuginosa series or to his S. lanigera is to be determined. Their order within the Schmitt box suggests the former despite the handwritten S. lanigera label. At least one of these (1039) was collected from elm, the host of E. lanuginosa, and the gall pinned nearest to this specimen resembles an E. lanuginosa gall. If they instead correspond to Hartig’s S. lanigera series, the host record does not agree since this species has not been recorded from elm in Europe and Hartig (1841) only listed apple as its host.
description: Published as part of Brunet, Bryan M. T., Raupach, Michael J., Rehage, Heinz-Otto, Havill, Nathan P. & Foottit, Robert G., 2023, Discovery of the primary aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) and scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) type specimens from the collection of Theodor Hartig (1805 - 1880), pp. 89-116 in Zootaxa 5369 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/10144745
The role of T cells in health and disease
Creators: name: EGGENHUIZEN, PETER JAMES
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320404
subject: Cellular immunology
classificationCode: 320402
subject: Applied immunology (incl. antibody engineering, xenotransplantation and t-cell therapies)
classificationCode: 320211
subject: Infectious diseases
classificationCode: 320403
subject: Autoimmunity

description: T-cells respond to antigens from infections or vaccinations. Dysfunction in differentiating foreign antigens from self-antigens can result in autoimmune disease. This work uncovers disease-targeting T cell receptors and their use as a T-regulatory cell therapy targeting autoimmune diseases; lupus, Goodpasture’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Also, the ability of antigen-specific T-cells to cross-react to different infections or vaccinations is explored in COVID-19. This work uncovered the cross-reactive T-cell potential between unrelated vaccine or pathogen antigens and COVID-19. This research furthers the understanding of T-cells in health and disease while offering Tregs as a treatment for autoimmune conditions.
Pair Plasma Dominance in the Parsec-Scale Relativistic Jet of 3C345
Creators: name: Hirotani, K.
name: Iguchi, S.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Wajima, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether a pc-scale jet of 3C345 is dominated by a normal plasma or an electron-positron plasma. We present a general condition that a jet component becomes optically thick for synchrotron self-absorption, by extending the method originally developed by Reynolds et al. The general condition gives a lower limit of the electron number density, with the aid of the surface brightness condition, which enables us to compute the magnetic field density. Comparing the lower limit with another independent constraint for the electron density that is deduced from the kinetic luminosity, we can distinguish the matter content. We apply the procedure to the five components of 3C345 (C2, C3, C4, C5, and C7) of which angular diameters and radio fluxes at the peak frequencies were obtainable from literature. Evaluating the representative values of Doppler beaming factors by their equipartition values, we find that all the five components are likely dominated by an electron-positron plasma. The conclusion does not depend on the lower cutoff energy of the power-law distribution of radiating particles.
description: 17 pages
title: Γνώσεις, πεποιθήσεις και συμπεριφορές των κατοίκων της Κρήτης ως προς τον HPV
title: Knowledges, attitudes and behaviors of Cretan habitants on the HPV
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κουκουμπρή, Άρτεμις
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Hpv

description: Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα προβλήματα υγείας είναι ο καρκίνος. Ο ιός HPV ο οποίος ευθύνεται για μια από τις πιο συχνά μεταδιδόμενες σεξουαλικά λοιμώξεις έχει συσχετιστεί με την πρόκληση κακοήθειας με συχνότερη εντόπιση στον τράχηλο της μήτρας. Ο καρκίνος του τραχήλου της μήτρας θεωρείται από τις πιο συχνές σε επιπολασμό κακοήθειες παγκοσμίως και για αυτόν τον λόγο η πρόληψη του είναι υψίστης σημασίας για την κοινωνία. Η κατανόηση των γνώσεων και συμπεριφορών του πληθυσμού όσον αφορά τον HPV μπορεί να συμβάλει στην ανάπτυξη στοχευμένων παρεμβάσεων για την πρόληψη και την αποτροπή νόσησης. Σκοπός: Σκοπό της εργασίας αποτέλεσε η διερεύνηση των γνώσεων, των πεποιθήσεων και των συμπεριφορών του πληθυσμού της Κρήτης έναντι του ιού HPV. Μεθοδολογία: Ακολουθήθηκε περιγραφική μελέτη με συγχρονικό σχεδιασμό. Η δειγματοληψία υλοποιήθηκε το χρονικό διάστημα Νοεμβρίου 2023 - Ιανουαρίου 2024. Ερευνητικό εργαλείο αποτέλεσε το ερωτηματολόγιο των Saulle et al. (2013), ενώ η στατιστική επεξεργασία έγινε με το πρόγραμμα SPSS. Αποτελέσματα: Από τους 130 συμμετέχοντες 4 στους 10 απάντησαν ότι η γνώση τους για τον ιό είναι από τον γιατρό και 1 στους 10 ότι δεν γνωρίζει τον ιό, ενώ ποσοστό 72,3% θεωρεί αρμόδιο ενημέρωσης το κράτος. Όσον αφορά την πρόληψη της HPV λοίμωξης μέσω εμβολιασμού 1 στους 4 δήλωσε ότι έχει εμβολιαστεί και 1 στους 3 υπέδειξε την αυξημένη ηλικία ως αιτία μη εμβολιασμού, ενώ ποσοστό 70% απάντησε ότι ο εμβολιασμός πρέπει να γίνεται πριν την πρώτη σεξουαλική επαφή. Ως προς τις σεξουαλικές συνήθειες 1 στους 2 δήλωσε ότι έχει σεξουαλική επαφή πάνω από 2 φορές την εβδομάδα και 1 στου 5 ανέφερε ότι τα τελευταία 5 έτη είχε πάνω από 5 ερωτικούς συντρόφους, με μόνο 1 στους 2 να δηλώνει ότι χρησιμοποιεί προφυλακτικό. Στις ερωτήσεις γνώσεων σημαντικά υψηλό ποσοστό απάντησε σωστά ότι ο HPV σχετίζεται με τον καρκίνο τραχήλου της μήτρας (80,8%), τα κονδυλώματα (83,8%), ενώ στην ερώτηση «ποιοι πρέπει να εμβολιάζονται» το 81,5%, απάντησε άνδρες και γυναίκες. Συμπεράσματα: Οι συμμετέχοντες της παρούσας μελέτης παρουσίασαν καλό επίπεδο γνώσεων όσον αφορά τα προβλήματα που δημιουργεί ο HPV. Επίσης σημαντικά υψηλότερο ποσοστό γνώσεων παρουσίασαν οι συμμετέχοντες που έλαβαν ενημέρωση από επαγγελματίες υγείας για τον ιό, γεγονός που οδηγεί στο συμπέρασμα ότι η ενημέρωση αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα γνώσης και θα πρέπει να γίνεται οργανωμένα από το κράτος με κανονιστικό πλαίσιο και κοινή πολιτική προστασίας προς όλο τον πληθυσμό.
Non-Gaussian Enhancements of Galactic Halo Correlations in Quasi-Single Field Inflation
Creators: name: An, Haipeng
name: McAneny, Michael
name: Ridgway, Alexander K.
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quasi-single field inflation model in which the inflaton interacts with a massive scalar field called the isocurvaton. Due to the breaking of time translational invariance by the inflaton background, these interactions induce kinetic mixing between the inflaton and isocurvaton, which is parameterized by a constant $μ$. We derive analytic formulae for the curvature perturbation two-, three-, four-, five-, and six-point functions explicitly in terms of the external wave-vectors in the limit where $μ$ and the mass of the isocurvaton $m$ are both much smaller than $H$. In previous work, it has been noted that when $m/H$ and $μ/H$ are small, the non-Gaussianities predicted by quasi-single field inflation give rise to long wavelength enhancements of the power spectrum for biased objects (e.g., galactic halos). We review this calculation, and calculate the analogous enhanced contribution to the bispectrum of biased objects. We determine the scale at which these enhanced terms are larger than the Gaussian piece. We also identify the scaling of these enhanced parts to the $n$-point function of biased objects.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures
Navigating Global Economic Volatilities: Towards Economic Resilience
Creators: name: Richard Mulenga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper conducts a survey of and discusses how emerging economies can strategically position themselves to navigate the current global economic volatilities. In recent years, the global economy has witnessed heightened economic volatility fueled by a confluence of interconnected global factors. These factors pose challenges for the global economy in general and emerging economies in unique ways. Against this backdrop, this study forms part of the panacea for mitigating the effects of global economic volatilities on emerging economies. While susceptible to external shocks due to unsustainable debt burdens, institutional gaps, limited diversification, and weak institutional frameworks, emerging economies also possess a youthful demographic, rich natural resources, and the agility to embrace new technologies. Coupled with international cooperation, the paper argues that it is feasible, with the right policy mix, strategies, and commitment for emerging economies to successfully navigate global economic volatility by leveraging their demographic dividends, natural resource wealth, technological leapfrogging, economic diversification along with synergistic fiscal, monetary, and structural policy reforms.  The examples of case studies outlined in this paper underscore the reality that achieving economic resilience is not a pipe dream but an attainable goal through strategic foresight and unwavering commitment.
Semiclassical ordering in the large-N pyrochlore antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Hizi, U.
name: Sharma, Prashant
name: Henley, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semiclassical limit of the $Sp(N)$ generalization of the pyrochlore lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet by expanding about the $N \to \infty$ saddlepoint in powers of a generalized inverse spin. To leading order, we write down an effective Hamiltonian as a series in loops on the lattice. Using this as a formula for calculating the energy of any classical ground state, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations and find a unique collinear ground state. This state is not a ground state of linear spin-wave theory, and can therefore not be a physical (N=1) semiclassical ground state.
description: 4 pages, 4 eps figures; published version
Continuum study of deconfinement at finite temperature
Creators: name: Bender, Axel
name: Blaschke, David
name: Kalinovsky, Yuri
name: Roberts, Craig D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration are explored in a confining, renormalisable, Dyson-Schwinger equation model of two-flavour QCD. An order parameter for deconfinement is introduced and used to establish that, in the chiral limit, deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration are coincident at $T_c\approx 150\,$MeV. The transitions are second order and each has the same critical exponent: $β\approx 0.3$. The deconfinement transition is found to exhibit sensitivity to the current-quark mass. $f_π$ and $m_π$ change by no more than 10\% for $T<0.7\,T_c$, however, as $T\to T_c$, thermal fluctuations cause the pion bound state contribution to the four-point quark-antiquark correlation function to disappear.
description: 10 pages (incl. 2 figures), RevTeX
Probing the EBL evolution at high redshift using GRBs detected with the Fermi-LAT
Creators: name: Desai, Abhishek
name: Ajello, Marco
name: Omodei, Nicola
name: Hartmann, Dieter
name: Dominguez, Alberto
name: Paliya, Vaidehi
name: Helgason, Kari
name: Finke, Justin
name: Meyer, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extragalactic background light (EBL), from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths, is predominantly due to emission from stars, accreting black holes and reprocessed light due to Galactic dust. The EBL can be studied through the imprint it leaves, via $γ$-$γ$ absorption of high-energy photons, in the spectra of distant $γ$-ray sources. The EBL has been probed through the search for the attenuation it produces in the spectra of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects and individual $γ$-ray bursts (GRBs). GRBs have significant advantages over blazars for the study of the EBL especially at high redshifts. Here we analyze a combined sample of twenty-two GRBs, detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope between 65 MeV and 500 GeV. We report a marginal detection (at the ~2.8 $σ$ level) of the EBL attenuation in the stacked spectra of the source sample. This measurement represents a first constraint of the EBL at an effective redshift of ~1.8. We combine our results with prior EBL constraints and conclude that Fermi-LAT is instrumental to constrain the UV component of the EBL. We discuss the implications on existing empirical models of EBL evolution.
description: on behalf of the Fermi-LAT collaboration, accepted for publication on ApJ
Active Learning – Modern Learning Theory
Creators: name: Maria-Florina  Balcan
name: Urner, Ruth
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Most classic machine learning methods depend on the assumption that humans can annotate all the data available for training. However, many modern machine learning applications (including image and video classification, protein sequence classification, and speech processing) have massive amounts of unannotated or unlabeled data. As a consequence, there has been tremendous interest both in machine learning and its application areas in designing algorithms that most efficiently utilize the available data while minimizing the need for human intervention. An extensively used and studied technique is active learning, where the algorithm is presented with a large pool of unlabeled examples (such as all images available on the web) and can interactively ask for the labels of examples of its own choosing from the pool, with the goal to drastically reduce labeling effort.
Simulations of extragalactic magnetic fields and of their observables
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Gheller, C.
name: Hackstein, S.
name: Wittor, D.
name: Hinz, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of extragalactic magnetic fields is still poorly understood. Based on a dedicated suite of cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations with the ENZO code we have performed a survey of different models that may have caused present-day magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters. The outcomes of these models differ in cluster outskirts, filaments, sheets and voids and we use these simulations to find observational signatures of magnetogenesis. With these simulations, we predict the signal of extragalactic magnetic fields in radio observations of synchrotron emission from the cosmic web, in Faraday Rotation, in the propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, in the polarized signal from Fast Radio Bursts at cosmological distance and in spectra of distant blazars. In general, primordial scenarios in which present-day magnetic fields originate from the amplification of weak (
description: 44 pages, 18 pages, to appear in Special Issue on "Magnetic Fields at Cosmological Scales" in Classical and Quantum Gravity (CQG), for the full version of the article see http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/aa8e60 Data products from this project can be accessed here http://cosmosimfrazza.myfreesites.net/scenarios-for-magnetogenesis
Tunable light trapping and absorption enhancement with graphene-based complementary metamaterials
Creators: name: Xiao, Shuyuan
name: Wang, Tao
name: Liu, Tingting
name: Zhou, Chaobiao
name: Jiang, Xiaoyun
name: Yan, Xicheng
name: Cheng, Le
name: Xu, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been intensively investigated and widely exploited to trap the incident light and enhance absorption in the optoelectronic devices. The availability of graphene as a plasmonic material with strong half-metallicity and continuously tunable surface conductivity makes it promising to dynamically modulate the absorption enhancement with graphene-based metamaterials. Here we numerically demonstrate tunable light trapping and absorption enhancement can be realized with graphene-based complementary metamaterials. Furthermore, we also explore the polarization sensitivity in the proposed device, in which case either TM or TE plane wave at the specific wavelength can be efficiently absorbed by simply manipulating the Fermi energy of graphene. Therefore, this work can find potential applications in the next generation of photodetectors with tunable spectral and polarization selectivity in the mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) regimes.
Generalised inflation with a gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Lukash, V. N.
name: Mikheeva, E. V.
name: Muller, V.
name: Malinovsky, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a Lambda-inflation model which explains a significant part of the COBE signal by primordial cosmic gravitational waves. The primordial density perturbations fulfill both the constraints of large-scale microwave background and galaxy cluster normalization. The model is tested against the galaxy cluster power spectrum and the high-multipole angular CMB anisotropy.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 4 figures. mn.sty is modified
Fixing All Moduli for M-Theory on K3xK3
Creators: name: Aspinwall, Paul S.
name: Kallosh, Renata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze M-theory compactified on K3xK3 with fluxes preserving half the supersymmetry and its F-theory limit, which is dual to an orientifold of the type IIB string on $K3\times T^2/Z_2$. The geometry of attractive K3 surfaces plays a significant role in the analysis. We prove that the number of choices for the K3 surfaces is finite and we show how they can be completely classified. We list the possibilities in one case. We then study the instanton effects and see that they will generically fix all of the moduli. We also discuss situations where the instanton effects might not fix all the moduli.
description: 21 pages
On maximal inequalities for some jump processes
Creators: name: Gapeev, Pavel
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Jump process
subject: stochastic differential equation
subject: maximum process
subject: optimal stopping problem
subject: compound Poisson process
subject: Ito's formula
subject: integro-differential free-boundary problem
subject: normal reflection
subject: continuous and smooth fit
subject: maximality principle
subject: maximal inequalities
subject: 60G40
subject: 34K10
subject: 60E15
subject: 60J60
subject: 60J75

description: We present a solution to the considered in [5] and [22] optimal stopping problem for some jump processes. The method of proof is based on reducing the initial problem to an integro-differential free-boundary problem where the normal reflection and smooth fit may break down and the latter then be replaced by the continuous fit. The derived result is applied for determining the best constants in maximal inequalities for a compound Poisson process with linear drift and exponential jumps.
The relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses in antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoli
name: Xie, Jun
name: Ma, Hongyun
name: Li, Gang
name: Li, Meijuan
name: Li, Shen
name: Sun, Xiaoxiao
name: Zhao, Yongping
name: Sun, Wei
name: Yang, Shu
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: This study aimed to explore the relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses amongst antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. A total of 38 antipsychotic-naïve female schizophrenia patients (ANS) and 19 healthy female controls (HC) were recruited. Plasma samples were obtained from all participants, and targeted metabolomics were measured with FIA-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms before and after eight weeks of treatment. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to predict diagnostic and therapeutic responses. A total of 186 metabolites passed quality control procedures and were used in statistical analysis to identify potential biomarkers. Before treatment, the ANS patients had lower levels of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and higher levels of Cholesteryl esters (CE) (20:3), Cholic Acid (CA) and Glycocholic Acid (GCA) compared to the HCs. These four differential metabonomic markers were synthesised into a combinatorial biomarker panel. This panel significantly distinguished ANS from HC. Moreover, this biomarker panel was able to effectively predict therapeutic responses. Our results suggest that plasma CE (20:3), CA, GCA, and GABA levels may be useful for diagnosing and predicting antipsychotic efficacy amongst female schizophrenia patients.
Do female mountaineers take lower risks while high-altitude mountaineering? An intersex analysis from the Swiss Alps
Creators: name: Gasser, Benedikt
name: Haensli, Larissa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: High-altitude mountaineering has become more and more popular, however if female alpinists show different injury pattern is not finally elucidated. A retrospective analysis was therefore conducted from the central registry of the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) during the observational period from 2009 to 2022 concerning intersex differences of emergencies specific while high-altitude mountaineering. A total of 1252 female (22%) and 4347 male (78%) emergencies while high-altitude mountaineering were elucidated. A significant difference was detected in average NACA score as proxy for the severity of an event for falls, where female cases show a significant lower severity with NACA score 3.0 ± 1.5 as compared to male cases with NACA score 3.5 ± 2.0 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, on average men have more often a fatal event. It might be suggested that men choosing routes in rougher terrain, tend to overestimate their abilities more often and have a higher willingness to take risks.
Energetic eruptions leading to a peculiar hydrogen-rich explosion of a massive star
Creators: name: Arcavi, Iair
name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Bildsten, Lars
name: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Wong, Zheng Chuen
name: Katz, Sarah Rebekah
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Taddia, Francesco
name: Leloudas, Giorgos
name: Fremling, Christoffer
name: Nugent, Peter E.
name: Horesh, Assaf
name: Mooley, Kunal
name: Rumsey, Clare
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Graham, Melissa L.
name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Shaviv, Nir J.
name: Bromberg, Omer
name: Shen, Ken J.
name: Ofek, Eran O.
name: Cao, Yi
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Huang, Fang
name: Rui, Liming
name: Zhang, Tianmeng
name: Li, Wenxiong
name: Li, Zhitong
name: Zhang, Jujia
name: Valenti, Stefano
name: Guevel, David
name: Shappee, Benjamin
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Holoien, Thomas W. -S.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Fender, Rob
name: Nyholm, Anders
name: Yaron, Ofer
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Sullivan, Mark
name: Blagorodnova, Nadja
name: Walters, Richard S.
name: Lunnan, Ragnhild
name: Khazov, Danny
name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Laher, Russ R.
name: Konidaris, Nick
name: Wozniak, Przemek
name: Bue, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Every supernova hitherto observed has been considered to be the terminal explosion of a star. Moreover, all supernovae with absorption lines in their spectra show those lines decreasing in velocity over time, as the ejecta expand and thin, revealing slower moving material that was previously hidden. In addition, every supernova that exhibits the absorption lines of hydrogen has one main light-curve peak, or a plateau in luminosity, lasting approximately 100 days before declining. Here we report observations of iPTF14hls, an event that has spectra identical to a hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova, but characteristics that differ extensively from those of known supernovae. The light curve has at least five peaks and remains bright for more than 600 days; the absorption lines show little to no decrease in velocity; and the radius of the line-forming region is more than an order of magnitude bigger than the radius of the photosphere derived from the continuum emission. These characteristics are consistent with a shell of several tens of solar masses ejected by the star at supernova-level energies a few hundred days before a terminal explosion. Another possible eruption was recorded at the same position in 1954. Multiple energetic pre-supernova eruptions are expected to occur in stars of 95-130 solar masses, which experience the pulsational pair instability. That model, however, does not account for the continued presence of hydrogen, or the energetics observed here. Another mechanism for the violent ejection of mass in massive stars may be required.
description: Published in Nature
An all-in-one Semi-automated Pleural Decompression Device for Emergency Management of Tension Pneumothorax
Creators: name: BAI, SHIFENG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320207
subject: Emergency medicine
classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400399
subject: Biomedical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400308
subject: Medical devices

description: Embarking on a comprehensive journey, the research identified existing gaps in pleural decompression methods, adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrated mechanical engineering, material science, and clinical medicine insights. This led to the development of two iterations of the SaPD device: the 2020 and 2022 models, engineered to enable quick, safe, and efficient pleural decompression with minimal operator dependency, potentially revolutionising emergency tension pneumothorax management.
A Combinatorial Grassmannian Representation of the Magic Three-Qubit Veldkamp Line
Creators: name: Saniga, Metod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is demonstrated that the magic three-qubit Veldkamp line occurs naturally within the Veldkamp space of combinatorial Grassmannian of type $G_2(7)$, $\mathcal{V}(G_2(7))$. The lines of the ambient symplectic polar space are those lines of $\mathcal{V}(G_2(7))$ whose cores feature an odd number of points of $G_2(7)$. After introducing basic properties of three different types of points and six distinct types of lines of $\mathcal{V}(G_2(7))$, we explicitly show the combinatorial Grassmannian composition of the magic Veldkamp line; we first give representatives of points and lines of its core generalized quadrangle GQ$(2,2)$, and then additional points and lines of a specific elliptic quadric $\mathcal{Q}^{-}$(5,2), a hyperbolic quadric $\mathcal{Q}^{+}$(5,2) and a quadratic cone $\widehat{\mathcal{Q}}$(4,2) that are centered on the GQ$(2,2)$. In particular, each point of $\mathcal{Q}^{+}$(5,2) is represented by a Pasch configuration and its complementary line, the (Schläfli) double-six of points in $\mathcal{Q}^{-}$(5,2) comprise six Cayley-Salmon configurations and six Desargues configurations with their complementary points, and the remaining Cayley-Salmon configuration stands for the vertex of $\widehat{\mathcal{Q}}$(4,2).
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Active Clustering: Robust and Efficient Hierarchical Clustering using Adaptively Selected Similarities
Creators: name: Eriksson, Brian
name: Dasarathy, Gautam
name: Singh, Aarti
name: Nowak, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Hierarchical clustering based on pairwise similarities is a common tool used in a broad range of scientific applications. However, in many problems it may be expensive to obtain or compute similarities between the items to be clustered. This paper investigates the possibility of hierarchical clustering of N items based on a small subset of pairwise similarities, significantly less than the complete set of N(N-1)/2 similarities. First, we show that, if the intracluster similarities exceed intercluster similarities, then it is possible to correctly determine the hierarchical clustering from as few as 3N log N similarities. We demonstrate this order of magnitude saving in the number of pairwise similarities necessitates sequentially selecting which similarities to obtain in an adaptive fashion, rather than picking them at random. Finally, we propose an active clustering method that is robust to a limited fraction of anomalous similarities, and show how even in the presence of these noisy similarity values we can resolve the hierarchical clustering using only O(N log2 N) pairwise similarities.
The Influence of Sagittarius and the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Milky Way Galaxy
Creators: name: Laporte, Chervin F. P.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Gómez, Facundo A.
name: Garavito-Camargo, Nicolas
name: Besla, Gurtina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present N-body simulations of a Sagittarius-like dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) that follow its orbit about the Milky Way (MW) since its first crossing of the Galaxy's virial radius to the present day. As Sgr orbits around the MW, it excites vertical oscillations, corrugating and flaring the Galactic stellar disc. These responses can be understood by a two-phase picture in which the interaction is first dominated by torques from the wake excited by Sgr in the MW dark halo before transitioning to tides from Sgr's direct impact on the disc at late times. We show for the first time that a massive Sgr model simultaneously reproduces the locations and motions of arc-like over densities, such as the Monoceros Ring and the Triangulum Andromeda stellar clouds, that have been observed at the extremities of the disc, while also satisfying the solar neighbourhood constraints on the vertical structure and streaming motions of the disc. In additional simulations, we include the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) self consistently with Sgr. The LMC introduces coupling through constructive and destructive interference, but no new corrugations. In our models, the excitation of the current structure of the outer disk can be traced to interactions as far back as 6-7 Gyr ago (corresponding to $z\leq1$). Given the apparently quiescent accretion history of the MW over this timescale, this places Sgr as the main culprit behind the vertical oscillations of the disc and the last major accretion event for the Galaxy with the capacity to modulate its chemodynamical structure.
description: 24 pages, 28 Figures (incl Appendix), submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Unconventional Integer Quantum Hall effect in graphene
Creators: name: Gusynin, V. P.
name: Sharapov, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayer graphite films, or graphene, have quasiparticle excitations that can be described by 2+1 dimensional Dirac theory. We demonstrate that this produces an unconventional form of the quantized Hall conductivity $σ_{xy} = - (2 e^2/h)(2n+1)$ with $n=0,1,...$, that notably distinguishes graphene from other materials where the integer quantum Hall effect was observed. This unconventional quantization is caused by the quantum anomaly of the $n=0$ Landau level and was discovered in recent experiments on ultrathin graphite films.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX4, 2 EPS figures; version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
La jurisdicción especial para la paz frente a los daños ambientales ocasionados en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia
Creators: name: González Vargas, Daniel Santiago
Publisher: name: Facultad Derecho
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Acuerdo de paz - Aspectos ambientales - Colombia
subject: Protección del medio ambiente - Aspectos ambientales - Colombia
subject: Conflicto armado - Aspectos sociales - Colombia
subject: Jurisdicción Especial para la paz
subject: Daños ambientales
subject: Calificación jurídica propia
subject: Conflicto armado

description: Uno de los propósitos más importantes plasmados en el Acuerdo Final de Paz firmado por el Gobierno Nacional y la guerrilla de las FARC – EP el 24 de noviembre de 2016, fue la protección del medio ambiente. En atención a este propósito, la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, ha proferido varias decisiones que buscan garantizar los derechos del medio ambiente como víctima de conductas consideradas graves infracciones al Derecho Internacional Humanitario y graves violaciones a los Derechos Humanos. El objetivo de la investigación es realizar un análisis de cada una esas decisiones, y determinar si estas, contaron con la suficiencia argumentativa para elaborar una correcta calificación jurídica de los hechos y conductas investigadas por la sala de reconocimiento de la JEP, y si se realizó una apropiada imputación de responsabilidad a los máximos responsables de esas conductas.
description: One of the most important purposes embodied in the Final Peace Agreement signed by the National Government and the FARC - EP guerrilla on November 24, 2016, was the protection of the environment. In attention to this purpose, the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, has issued several decisions that seek to guarantee the rights of the environment as a victim of conducts considered serious breaches of International Humanitarian Law and serious violations of Human Rights. The objective of this research is to analyze each of these decisions and determine whether they were sufficiently argumentative to elaborate a correct legal qualification of the facts and conducts investigated by the recognition chamber of the SJP, and whether an appropriate imputation of responsibility was made to those most responsible for these conducts.
Active and passive learning of linear separators under log-concave distributions
Creators: name: Maria-Florina  Balcan
name: Long, Philip M.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: We provide new results concerning label efficient, polynomial time, passive and active learning of linear separators. We prove that active learning provides an exponential improvement over PAC (passive) learning of homogeneous linear separators under nearly log-concave distributions. Building on this, we provide a computationally efficient PAC algorithm with optimal (up to a constant factor) sample complexity for such problems. This resolves an open question of (Long, 1995, 2003; Bshouty et al., 2009) concerning the sample complexity of efficient PAC algorithms under the uniform distribution in the unit ball. Moreover, it provides the first bound for a polynomial-time PAC algorithm that is tight for an interesting infinite class of hypothesis functions under a general and natural class of data-distributions, providing significant progress towards a longstanding open question of (Ehrenfeucht et al., 1989; Blumer et al., 1989). We also provide new bounds for active and passive learning in the case that the data might not be linearly separable, both in the agnostic case and and under the Tsybakov low-noise condition. To derive our results, we provide new structural results for (nearly) log-concave distributions, which might be of independent interest as well.