First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations
Creators: name: Raghunathan, S.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Anderson, A. J.
name: Ansarinejad, B.
name: Archipley, M.
name: Austermann, J. E.
name: Balkenhol, L.
name: Beall, J. A.
name: Benabed, K.
name: Bender, A. N.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bianchini, F.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Bock, J.
name: Bouchet, F. R.
name: Bryant, L.
name: Camphuis, E.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Cecil, T. W.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Chaubal, P.
name: Chiang, H. C.
name: Chichura, P. M.
name: Chou, T. -L.
name: Citron, R.
name: Coerver, A.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Crites, A. T.
name: Cukierman, A.
name: Daley, C.
name: Dibert, K. R.
name: Dobbs, M. A.
name: Doussot, A.
name: Dutcher, D.
name: Everett, W.
name: Feng, C.
name: Ferguson, K. R.
name: Fichman, K.
name: Foster, A.
name: Galli, S.
name: Gallicchio, J.
name: Gambrel, A. E.
name: Gardner, R. W.
name: Ge, F.
name: George, E. M.
name: Goeckner-Wald, N.
name: Gualtieri, R.
name: Guidi, F.
name: Guns, S.
name: Gupta, N.
name: de Haan, T.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Hivon, E.
name: Holder, G. P.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Hood, J. C.
name: Hrubes, J. D.
name: Hryciuk, A.
name: Huang, N.
name: Hubmayr, J.
name: Irwin, K. D.
name: Kéruzoré, F.
name: Khalife, A. R.
name: Knox, L.
name: Korman, M.
name: Kornoelje, K.
name: Kuo, C. -L.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Levy, K.
name: Li, D.
name: Lowitz, A. E.
name: Lu, C.
name: Maniyar, A.
name: Martsen, E. S.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Menanteau, F.
name: Millea, M.
name: Montgomery, J.
name: Moran, C. Corbett
name: Nakato, Y.
name: Natoli, T.
name: Nibarger, J. P.
name: Noble, G. I.
name: Novosad, V.
name: Omori, Y.
name: Padin, S.
name: Pan, Z.
name: Paschos, P.
name: Patil, S.
name: Phadke, K. A.
name: Prabhu, K.
name: Pryke, C.
name: Quan, W.
name: Rahimi, M.
name: Rahlin, A.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Rouble, M.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Saliwanchik, B. R.
name: Schaffer, K. K.
name: Schiappucci, E.
name: Sievers, C.
name: Smecher, G.
name: Sobrin, J. A.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Stephen, J.
name: Suzuki, A.
name: Tandoi, C.
name: Thompson, K. L.
name: Thorne, B.
name: Trendafilova, C.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Umilta, C.
name: Veach, T.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Viero, M. P.
name: Wan, Y.
name: Wang, G.
name: Whitehorn, N.
name: Wu, W. L. K.
name: Yefremenko, V.
name: Young, M. R.
name: Zebrowski, J. A.
name: Zemcov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE experiments over a 100 ${\rm deg}^{2}$ field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and 16 $μ{\rm K-arcmin}$ in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at $10.3σ$ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the \textsc{Agora} simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this non-detection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of $Δz_{\rm re, 50} &lt; 4.5$ (95\% C.L). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, {\it Planck}'s optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures (3 in main text and 2 in Appendix); Accepted for publication in PRL; Some texts have been moved to Appendix; Minor change in Fig. 2 to include nomalization; Data products and plotting scripts can be downloaded from https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/kSZ_4pt_SPT_SPIRE