cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metodi matematici e tecnologie per la trasformazione digitale e le tokenizzazioni
Creators: name: Rapuano, Antonio
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: INF/01 INFORMATICA
subject: Tokenization
subject: Blockchain
subject: Asset evaluation

description: 2021 - 2022
description: This work has a two-fold objective, achieved through two lines of research. The first, purely industrial, focuses on the technical-scientific difficulties related to collecting, tokenizing, and producing value from data generated during work activities. Specifically, the proposed solution utilizes a combination of IoT and Smart Contract technologies for data collection and the creation of work-based blockchain assets, while providing a pilot study for managing automatic business payments. This solution is at the forefront of the literature in terms of scalability, value creation, security, attention to regulation, and protection of the parties' rights. The second strand, purely scientific, focuses on applying Financial Computing to tokens generated by Smart Contracts during data collection, using mathematical methods that are inspired by the philosophy of Value Investing for asset evaluation. The aim is to generate business models and facilitate the measurement of financial risk of structured portfolios to support decision-making processes in contexts of info-uncertainty and info-incompleteness, where subjectivity and experience prevail. This assessment arises from extended probability theory, which allows reconstructing the occurrence of an event in contexts where information are missing, and is applicable to financial markets where decisions based on subjective and incomplete information are necessary. The extended probability theory and its application to financial instruments are validated through an experimentation on intangible assets that are part of the sports market. It is then used to build a model called the Token Evaluation System, which allows evaluating digital assets and facilitating risk management in a structured portfolio. In summary, this work presents a solid theoretical and methodological basis, combined with a practical demonstration through the realization of a Proof of Concept, demonstrating the proposed solution's effectiveness and ability to generate value for the industry. This work represents an important step forward in using blockchain technology and Financial Computing for risk assessment and management in innovative financial markets, ensuring greater transparency, security, and automation in work and associated asset management, and opening up new opportunities for efficiency and economic growth. [edited by Author]
Light-curve Modelling for The Initial Rising Phase of Rapidly-evolving Transients Powered by Continuous Outflow
Creators: name: Uno, Kohki
name: Maeda, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wind-driven model is a new framework to model observational properties of transients that are powered by continuous outflow from a central system. While it has been applied to Fast Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs), the applicability has been limited to post-peak behaviours due to the steady-state assumptions; non-steady-state physics, e.g., expanding outflow, is important to model the initial rising phase. In this paper, we construct a time-dependent wind-driven model, which can take into account the expanding outflow and the time evolution of the outflow rate. We apply the model to a sample of well-observed FBOTs. FBOTs require high outflow rates ($\sim 30$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) and fast velocity ($\sim 0.2-0.3c$), with the typical ejecta mass and energy budget of $\sim 0.2$ M$_{\odot}$ and $\sim 10^{52}$ erg, respectively. The energetic outflow supports the idea that the central engine of FBOTs may be related to a relativistic object, e.g., a black hole. The initial photospheric temperature is $10^{5-6}$ K, which suggests that FBOTs will show UV or X-ray flash similar to supernova shock breakouts. We discuss future prospects of surveys and follow-up observations of FBOTs in the UV bands. FBOTs are brighter in the UV bands than in the optical bands, and the timescale is a bit longer than in optical wavelengths. We suggest that UV telescopes with a wide field of view can play a key role in discovering FBOTs and characterizing their natures.
description: 7 pages, 6 Figures, and 1 Table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
COVID-19 Patient Primary Care Survey, Series 5 Fielded December 10-11, 2020
Creators: name: Etz, Rebecca
name: Advisory Group, Larry A. Green Center
name: Primary Care Collaborative
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Primary Care, Family Medicine, Practice, Front Lines, Survey, PPE, Patients, Pandemic, Data
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Health Sciences

description: The majority of patients are willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine but people are concerned about vaccine safety and affordability amid wariness of COVID-19 information. Although Presidential leadership is the least trusted source for COVID-19 information, almost half of respondents (48%) also do not trust public health leadership and the CDC. Instead, people are looking to their primary care doctors for trusted information: 66% of respondents state they have a doctor they can trust all or most of the time and 56% of respondents report feeling connected to their doctor.
Imaging nigral pathology and clinical progression in Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Styner, Martin
name: Wang, Jianli
name: Lewis, Mechelle M.
name: Shaffer, Michele L.
name: Sen, Suman
name: Huang, Xuemei
name: Du, Guangwei
name: Yang, Qing X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The pattern of dopamine cell loss in Parkinson's disease is known to be prominent in the ventrolateral and caudal substantia nigra, but less severe in the dorsal and rostral region. Both diffusion tensor imaging and R2* relaxometry of the substantia nigra have been reported as potential markers for Parkinson's disease, but their relative ability to mark disease progression and differences in pathophysiological bases remains unclear.
COVID-19 Patient Primary Care Survey, Series 8 Fielded July 15-27, 2021
Creators: name: Etz, Rebecca
name: Advisory Group, Larry A. Green Center
name: Primary Care Collaborative
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Primary Care, Family Medicine, Practice, Front Lines, Survey, PPE, Patients, Pandemic, Data
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Health Sciences

description: Primary care clinicians were paramount providers of COVID-19 vaccine education during the pandemic. Eight-six percent of respondents rated their primary care clinician’s opinion as important when considering vaccination, and this finding persisted regardless of vaccination status or rurality. Individuals tend to trust primary care clinicians more than other sources of vaccine information such as elected officials, federal agencies, and local health departments. However, early into the vaccine roll-out, people were primarily forced to be vaccinated at mass vaccination sites and health departments rather than in primary care offices. While many people took COVID-19 vaccines despite concerns about their safety and side effects, hesitancy remains higher in parents who are considering vaccinating their children. It would be beneficial for future vaccination campaigns to target efforts in trusted primary care offices.
Dietary fat intake and risk for Parkinson's disease: Dietary Fat Intake and Risk for PD
Creators: name: Dong, Jing
name: Park, YikYung
name: Umbach, David M.
name: Beard, John D.
name: Blair, Aaron
name: Chen, Honglei
name: Kamel, Freya
name: Huang, Xuemei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Previous epidemiological studies have generated inconsistent results regarding the associations between dietary fat intakes and risk for Parkinson’s disease (PD). We therefore prospectively examined these associations in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
Lyapunov functions for cocycle attractors in nonautonomous difference equations
Creators: name: Kloeden, Peter E.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nonautonomous system
subject: pull-back attraction
subject: cocycle attractor
subject: Lyapunov function
subject: 93D30
subject: 34C35

description: The construction of a Lyapunov function characterizing the pullback attraction of a cocycle attractor of a nonautonomous discrete time dynamical system involving Lipschitz continuous mappings is presented.
COVID-19 Patient Primary Care Survey, Series 9 Fielded Oct 7 - Nov 2, 2021
Creators: name: Etz, Rebecca
name: Advisory Group, Larry A. Green Center
name: Primary Care Collaborative
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Primary Care, Family Medicine, Practice, Front Lines, Survey, PPE, Patients, Pandemic, Data
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Health Sciences

description: Despite the added challenges in care delivery during the pandemic, the vast majority of patients (85%) reported that primary care clinicians adapted to make care accessible without sacrificing holistic care - i.e., consideration of the complete person in the management of their health. Over 3/4 of patients stated that primary care was there for them during the pandemic. Telehealth visits were a common option during the pandemic, with 60% of respondents having either a phone or video primary care visit. Virtual care increased accessibility without significant disparities between age groups and location, yet only half of respondents believed their care was informed by the knowledge of their community. Quality and accessibility of healthcare could improve if the continued option of telehealth were combined with care informed by knowledge of the community.
IL-2 receptor γ-chain molecule is critical for intestinal T-cell reconstitution in humanized mice
Creators: name: Zou, W
name: Nochi, T
name: Margolis, D M
name: Di Santo, J P
name: Choudhary, S K
name: Lim, A
name: Martinez-Torres, F
name: Garcia, J V
name: Wahl, A
name: Denton, P W
name: Olesen, R
name: Krisko, J F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Intestinal immune cells are important in host defense, yet the determinants for human lymphoid homeostasis in the intestines are poorly understood. In contrast, lymphoid homeostasis has been studied extensively in mice, where the requirement for a functional common γ-chain molecule has been established. We hypothesized that humanized mice could offer insights into human intestinal lymphoid homeostasis if generated in a strain with an intact mouse common γ-chain molecule. To address this hypothesis, we used three mouse strains (non-obese diabetic (NOD)/severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) (N/S); NOD/SCID γ-chain−/− (NSG); and Rag2−/− γ-chain−/− (DKO)) and two humanization techniques (bone marrow liver thymus (BLT) and human CD34+ cell bone marrow transplant of newborn mice (hu)) to generate four common types of humanized mice: N/S-BLT, NSG-BLT, NSG-hu, and DKO-hu mice. The highest levels of intestinal human T cells throughout the small and large intestines were observed in N/S-BLT mice, which have an intact common γ-chain molecule. Furthermore, the small intestine lamina propria T-cell populations of N/S-BLT mice exhibit a human intestine-specific surface phenotype. Thus, the extensive intestinal immune reconstitution of N/S-BLT mice was both quantitatively and qualitatively better when compared with the other models tested such that N/S-BLT mice are well suited for the analysis of human intestinal lymphocyte trafficking and human-specific diseases affecting the intestines.
Global N-body simulations of circumbinary planet formation around Kepler-16 and -34 analogues I: Exploring the pebble accretion scenario
Creators: name: Coleman, Gavin A. L.
name: Nelson, Richard P.
name: Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous circumbinary planets have been discovered in surveys of transiting planets. Often, these planets are found to orbit near to the zone of dynamical instability, close to the central binary. The existence of these planets has been explained by hydrodynamical simulations that show that migrating circumbinary planets, embedded in circumbinary discs, halt at the central cavity that is formed by the central binary. Transit surveys are naturally most sensitive to finding circumbinary planets with the shortest orbital periods. The future promise of detecting longer period systems using radial-velocity searches, combined with the anticipated detection of numerous circumbinary planets by ESA's PLATO mission, points to the need to model and understand the formation and evolution of circumbinary planets in a more general sense than has been considered before. With this goal in mind, we present a newly developed global model of circumbinary planet formation that is based on the mercury6 symplectic N-body integrator, combined with a model for the circumbinary disc and prescriptions for a range of processes involved in planet formation such as pebble accretion, gas envelope accretion and migration. Our results show that under reasonable assumptions, the pebble accretion scenario can produce circumbinary systems that are similar to those observed, and in particular is able to produce planets akin to Kepler-16b and Kepler-34b. Comparing our results to other systems, we find that our models also adequately reproduce such systems, including multi-planet systems. Resonances between neighbouring planets are frequently obtained, whilst ejections of planets by the central binary acts as an effective source of free floating planets.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 23 pages, 16 figures
Comprehensive Compilation of Stellar Data in M33's Central Region: Unveiling the Final-Stage Evolution Through Near-Infrared Survey
Creators: name: Alizadeh, Mina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: ABSTRACT Data were acquired utilizing three cameras at the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) from 2003 to 2007. Observations in the K-band were performed with the UKIRT Fast-Track Imager (UFTI) over three consecutive nights in August 2005. Additionally, Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) data in the J and H bands were collected between 2005 and 2007. Furthermore, K-band data from the University of Edinburgh Infrared Survey Telescope (UIST) for the central region of M33 were obtained from 2003 to 2007. This study concentrates on stars in the final stages of their evolutionary processes, where luminosity is more closely correlated with initial mass. By integrating data from various instruments and projects, our objective is to identify long-period variable stars in the central region of the galaxy, as this area allows for the most thorough and in-depth investigation of the galactic center due to the quality of the data. The identification of variable stars will involve photometric analysis of the WFCAM data, including Point Spread Function (PSF) calibration, followed by a comprehensive re-evaluation of the dataset.
Insights from the Outskirts: Chemical and Dynamical Properties in the outer Parts of the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Hendricks, Benjamin
name: Koch, Andreas
name: Walker, Matthew
name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Penarrubia, Jorge
name: Gilmore, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radial velocities and [Fe/H] abundances for 340 stars in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal from R~16,000 spectra. The targets have been obtained in the outer parts of the galaxy, a region which has been poorly studied before. Our sample shows a wide range in [Fe/H], between -0.5 and -3.0 dex, in which we detect three subgroups. Removal of stars belonging to the most metal-rich population produces a truncated metallicity distribution function that is identical to Sculptor, indicating that these systems have shared a similar early evolution, only that Fornax experienced a late, intense period of star formation (SF). The derived age-metallicity relation shows a fast increase in [Fe/H] at early ages, after which the enrichment flattens significantly for stars younger than ~8 Gyr. Additionally, the data indicate a strong population of stars around 4 Gyr, followed by a second rapid enrichment in [Fe/H]. A leaky-box chemical enrichment model generally matches the observed relation but does not predict a significant population of young stars nor the strong enrichment at late times. The young population in Fornax may therefore originate from an externally triggered SF event. Our dynamical analysis reveals an increasing velocity dispersion with decreasing [Fe/H] from sigma_sys 7.5 km/s to >14 km/s, indicating an outside-in star formation history in a dark matter dominated halo. The large velocity dispersion at low metallicities is possibly the result of a non-Gaussian velocity distribution amongst stars older than ~8 Gyr. Our sample also includes members from the Fornax GCs H2 and H5. In agreement with past studies we find [Fe/H]=-2.04+-0.04 and a mean radial velocity RV=59.36+-0.31 km/s for H2 and [Fe/H]=-2.02+-0.11 and RV=59.39+-0.44 km/s for H5. Overall, we find large complexity in the chemical and dynamical properties, with signatures that additionally vary with galactocentric distance.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Mucus clearance, MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent immunity modulate lung susceptibility to spontaneous bacterial infection and inflammation
Creators: name: Randell, S H
name: Dang, H
name: O'Neal, W K
name: Livraghi-Butrico, A
name: Kelly, E J
name: Wolfgang, M C
name: Klem, E R
name: Boucher, R C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: It has been postulated that mucus stasis is central to the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases. In Scnn1b-transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg+) mice, airway-targeted overexpression of the epithelial Na+ channel β subunit causes airway surface dehydration, which results in mucus stasis and inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage from neonatal Scnn1b-Tg+ mice, but not wild-type littermates, contained increased mucus, bacteria, and neutrophils, which declined with age. Scnn1b-Tg+ mice lung bacterial flora included environmental and oropharyngeal species, suggesting inhalation and/or aspiration as routes of entry. Genetic deletion of the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor adapter molecule MyD88 in Scnn1b-Tg+ mice did not modify airway mucus obstruction, but caused defective neutrophil recruitment and increased bacterial infection, which persisted into adulthood. Scnn1b-Tg+ mice derived into germ-free conditions exhibited mucus obstruction similar to conventional Scnn1b-Tg+ mice and sterile inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that dehydration-induced mucus stasis promotes infection, compounds defects in other immune mechanisms, and alone is sufficient to trigger airway inflammation.
On the Optimal Kernels in Nonparametric Curve Estimation
Creators: name: Leonov, Sergei
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Minimax risk
subject: exact constants
subject: Hölder function class
subject: optimal recovery
subject: 62G07
subject: 62G20

description: We discuss extremal problems which arise in various nonparametric statistical settings with Hölder function classes. We establish a new property of the solution of an optimal recovery problem that leads to the exact constants for asymptotic minimax risks.
Distributed Control for Formula SAE-Type Electric Vehicle
Creators: name: Falco, Samantha Rose
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Control
subject: Electric vehicle
subject: Electronic control unit
subject: Formula SAE vehicle

description: The recent trend in transportation electrification creates an enormous increase in demand for electric vehicles (EVs). Increasingly, electric cars have novel features like autonomous driving and fault tolerance, all of which require additional hardware and computation power. Changes to the electronic control unit (ECU) structure will be needed to make these advances scalable. This thesis examines the driving economic, technical, and societal factors behind needed changes to the existing control structures. It proposes a control platform design to address issues of complexity and scalability. A generic, modular control board structure using the TMS320F2837xS digital signal processor (DSP) is described with several input/output functionalities including a wide range of analog inputs, multiple logic levels for digital pins, CAN communication, and wireless communication capabilities. A distributed control network is built by interconnecting multiple implementations of the control board, each of which has distinct responsibilities dictated by software instead of hardware. A prototype electric vehicle control structure for a Formula SAE electric vehicle was built utilizing a network of three control boards and tested to prove the viability of the proposed concept. Results of these tests and future steps for the project are discussed.
HIV-1 gp41 envelope IgA is frequently elicited after transmission but has an initial short response half-life
Creators: name: Haynes, B F
name: Shattock, R
name: Yates, N L
name: Moody, M A
name: Stacey, A R
name: Borrow, P
name: Weinhold, K J
name: Blattner, W A
name: Tomaras, G D
name: Cohen, M S
name: Vandergrift, N A
name: Montefiori, D C
name: Nolen, T L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Prevention of HIV-1 transmission at mucosal surfaces will likely require durable pre-existing mucosal anti-HIV-1 antibodies (Abs). Defining the ontogeny, specificities and potentially protective nature of the initial mucosal virus-specific B-cell response will be critical for understanding how to induce protective Ab responses by vaccination. Genital fluids from patients within the earliest stages of acute HIV-1 infection (Fiebig I–VI) were examined for multiple anti-HIV specificities. Gp41 (but not gp120) Env immunoglobulin (Ig)A Abs were frequently elicited in both plasma and mucosal fluids within the first weeks of transmission. However, shortly after induction, these initial mucosal gp41 Env IgA Abs rapidly declined with a t1/2 of ∼2.7 days. B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) was elevated immediately preceding the appearance of gp41 Abs, likely contributing to an initial T-independent Ab response. HIV-1 transmission frequently elicits mucosal HIV-1 envelope-specific IgA responses targeted to gp41 that have a short half-life.
The role of electron localization in density functionals
Creators: name: Hodgson, M. J. P.
name: Ramsden, J. D.
name: Durrant, T. R.
name: Godby, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new functional for simulating ground-state and time-dependent electronic systems within density-functional theory. The functional combines an expression for the exact Kohn-Sham (KS) potential in the limit of complete electron localization with a measure of the actual localization. We find accurate self-consistent charge densities, even for systems where the exact exchange-correlation potential exhibits non-local dependence on the density, such as potential steps. We compare our results to the exact KS potential for each system. The self-interaction correction is accurately described, avoiding the need for orbital-dependent potentials.
description: 4 figures
Macroscopic quantum effects for classical light
Creators: name: Petrov, Nikolai I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic quantum optical effects (Schrodinger cat states, squeezing, collapse and revival) for light beams propagating in an inhomogeneous linear medium are demonstrated using exact analytical solutions of wave equation. It is shown that the coherent superposition of macroscopically distinguishable states is generated via mode interference from an initial off-axis single wave-packet. Squeezed cat states with a fidelity > 99% arise periodically and disappear rapidly within limited intervals of a propagation distance. Collapse and revival of wave packets at long-term non-paraxial evolution due to mode interference is demonstrated. Oscillations of the beam trajectory with extremely small amplitude of the order of 10-19 m which is typical of the estimated displacement caused by cosmic gravitational waves in gravity-wave detectors occur.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Friedmanniella spumicola sp. nov. and Friedmanniella capsulata sp. nov. from activated sludge foam: Gram-positive cocci that grow in aggregates of repeating groups of cocci
Creators: name: Maszenan, A. M
name: Seviour, R. J
name: Patel, B. K. C
name: Schumann, P
name: Burghardt, J
name: Webb, R. I
name: Soddell, J. A
name: Rees, G. N
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Two Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, pigmented cocci, strains Ben 107(T) and Ben 108(T), growing in aggregates were isolated from activated sludge samples by micromanipulation. Both possessed the rare type A3 gamma' peptidoglycan. Major menaquinones of strain Ben 107(T) were MK-9(H-4) and MK-7(H-2), and the main cellular fatty acid was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-C-15:0). In strain Ben 108(T), MK-9(H-4), MK-9(H-2) and MK-7(H-4) were the menaquinones and again the main fatty acid was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-C-15:0). Polar lipids in both strains consisted of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and diphosphatidyl glycerol with two other unidentified glycolipids and phospholipids also present in both. These data, together with the 16S rDNA sequence data, suggest that strain Ben 107(T) belongs to the genus Friedmanniella which presently includes a single recently described species, Friedmanniella antarctica. Although the taxonomic status of strain Ben 108(T) is far less certain, on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence it is also adjudged to be best placed in the genus Friedmanniella, The chemotaxonomic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data support the view that Ben 107(T) and Ben 108(T) are novel species of the genus Friedmanniella. Hence, it is proposed that strain Ben 107(T) (=ACM 5121(T)) is named as Friedmanniella spumicola sp. nov. and strain Ben 108(T) (=ACM 5120(T)) as Friedmanniella capsulata sp. nov.
3D hydrodynamics simulations of core convection in supermassive main-sequence stars
Creators: name: Blouin, Simon
name: Mao, Huaqing
name: Woods, Tyrone E.
name: Denissenkov, Pavel
name: Woodward, Paul R.
name: Herwig, Falk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive stars are Population III stars with masses exceeding $10^4\,M_{\odot}$ that could be the progenitors of the first supermassive black holes. Their interiors are in a regime where radiation pressure dominates the equation of state. In this work, we use the explicit gas dynamics code PPMstar to simulate the hydrogen-burning core of a $10^4\,M_{\odot}$ supermassive main-sequence star. These are the first 3D hydrodynamics simulations of core convection in supermassive stars. We perform a series of ten simulations at different heating rates and on Cartesian grids with resolutions of $768^3$, $1152^3$ and $1728^3$. We examine different properties of the convective flow, including its large-scale morphology, its velocity spectrum and its mixing properties. We conclude that the radiation pressure-dominated nature of the interior does not noticeably affect the behaviour of convection compared to the case of core convection in a massive main-sequence star where gas pressure dominates. Our simulations also offer support for the use of mixing-length theory in 1D models of supermassive stars.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, movies at https://www.ppmstar.org/, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reflected BSDEs on Filtered Probability Spaces
Creators: name: Klimsiak, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations with two reflecting irregular barriers, $L^p$ data and generators satisfying weak integrability conditions. We deal with equations on general filtered probability spaces. In case the generator does not depend on the $z$ variable, we first consider the case $p=1$ and we only assume that the underlying filtration satisfies the usual conditions of right-continuity and completeness. Additional integrability properties of solutions are established if $p\in(1,2]$ and the filtration is quasi-left continuous. In case the generator depends on $z$, we assume that $p=2$, the filtration satisfies the usual conditions and additionally that it is separable. Our results apply for instance to Markov-type reflected backward equations driven by general Hunt processes.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between high physical activity and premenstrual syndrome in Japanese female college students
Creators: name: Kawabe, Rika
name: Chen, Chang Yu
name: Morino, Saori
name: Mukaiyama, Kohei
name: Shinohara, Yuki
name: Kato, Masaya
name: Shimizu, Hiroki
name: Shimoura, Kanako
name: Nagai-Tanima, Momoko
name: Aoyama, Tomoki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) diagnostic criteria of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2000).
Molecular organization of the mucins and glycocalyx underlying mucus transport over mucosal surfaces of the airways
Creators: name: Kesimer, M
name: Ehre, C
name: Sheehan, J K
name: Burns, K A
name: Pickles, R J
name: Davis, C W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Mucus, with its burden of inspired particulates, and pathogens, is cleared from mucosal surfaces of the airways by cilia beating within the periciliary layer (PCL). The PCL is held to be ‘watery’ and free of mucus by thixotropic-like forces arising from beating cilia. With radii of gyration ~250 nm, however, polymeric mucins should reptate readily into the PCL, so we assessed the glycocalyx for barrier functions. The PCL stained negative for MUC5AC and MUC5B, but it was positive for keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan commonly associated with glycoconjugates. Shotgun proteomics showed keratan sulfate-rich fractions from mucus containing abundant tethered mucins, MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16, but no proteoglycans. Immuno-histology by light and electron microscopy localized MUC1 to microvilli, MUC4 and MUC20 to cilia, and MUC16 to goblet cells. Electron and atomic force microscopy revealed molecular lengths of 190–1,500 nm for tethered mucins, and a finely textured glycocalyx matrix filling interciliary spaces. Adenoviral particles were excluded from glycocalyx of the microvilli, while the smaller AAV penetrated, but were trapped within. Hence, tethered mucins organized as a space-filling glycocalyx function as a selective barrier for the PCL, broadening their role in innate lung defense and offering new molecular targets for conventional and gene therapies.
HIP 67506 C: MagAO-X Confirmation of a New Low-Mass Stellar Companion to HIP 67506 A
Creators: name: Pearce, Logan A.
name: Males, Jared R.
name: Haffert, Sebastiaan Y.
name: Close, Laird M.
name: Long, Joseph D.
name: McLeod, Avalon L.
name: Knight, Justin M.
name: Hedglen, Alexander D.
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Kautz, Maggie
name: Van Gorkom, Kyle
name: Lumbres, Jennifer
name: Schatz, Lauren
name: Rodack, Alex
name: Gasho, Victor
name: Kueny, Jay
name: Foster, Warren
name: Morzinski, Katie M.
name: Hinz, Philip M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the confirmation of HIP 67506 C, a new stellar companion to HIP 67506 A. We previously reported a candidate signal at 2$λ$/D (240~mas) in L$^{\prime}$ in MagAO/Clio imaging using the binary differential imaging technique. Several additional indirect signals showed that the candidate signal merited follow-up: significant astrometric acceleration in Gaia DR3, Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion anomaly, and overluminosity compared to single main sequence stars. We confirmed the companion, HIP 67506 C, at 0.1" with MagAO-X in April, 2022. We characterized HIP 67506 C MagAO-X photometry and astrometry, and estimated spectral type K7-M2; we also re-evaluated HIP 67506 A in light of the close companion. Additionally we show that a previously identified 9" companion, HIP 67506 B, is a much further distant unassociated background star. We also discuss the utility of indirect signposts in identifying small inner working angle candidate companions.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted to MNRAS
Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess from Dark Matter Annihilation: Is There A Black Hole Spike?
Creators: name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
name: Shelton, Jessie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the supermassive black hole Sgr A* at the center of the Milky Way grew adiabatically from an initial seed embedded in an NFW dark matter (DM) halo, then the DM profile near the hole has steepened into a spike. We calculate the dramatic enhancement to the gamma ray flux from the Galactic center (GC) from such a spike if the 1-3 GeV excess observed in Fermi data is due to DM annihilations. We find that for the parameter values favored in recent fits, the point source-like flux from the spike is 35 times greater than the flux from the inner $1^\circ$ of the halo, far exceeding all Fermi point source detections near the GC. We consider the dependence of the spike signal on astrophysical and particle parameters and conclude that if the GC excess is due to DM, then a canonical adiabatic spike is disfavored by the data. We discuss alternative Galactic histories that predict different spike signals, including: (i) the nonadiabatic growth of the black hole, possibly associated with halo and/or black hole mergers, (ii) gravitational interaction of DM with baryons in the dense core, such as heating by stars, or (iii) DM self-interactions. We emphasize that the spike signal is sensitive to a different combination of particle parameters than the halo signal, and that the inclusion of a spike component to any DM signal in future analyses would provide novel information about both the history of the GC and the particle physics of DM annihilations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The ER stress transducer IRE1β is required for airway epithelial mucin production
Creators: name: O'Neal, W K
name: Jones, L
name: Davis, C W
name: Brighton, B
name: Ribeiro, C M P
name: Martino, M B
name: Abdulah, L
name: Ehre, C
name: Ron, D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Inflammation of human bronchial epithelia (HBE) activates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducer inositolrequiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)α, resulting in IRE1α-mediated cytokine production. Previous studies demonstrated ubiquitous expression of IRE1α and gut-restricted expression of IRE1β.We found that IRE1β is also expressed in HBE, is absent in human alveolar cells, and is upregulated in cystic fibrosis and asthmatic HBE. Studies with Ire1β−/− mice and Calu-3 airway epithelia exhibiting IRE1β knockdown or overexpression revealed that IRE1β is expressed in airway mucous cells, is functionally required for airway mucin production, and this function is specific for IRE1β vs. IRE1α. IRE1β-dependent mucin production is mediated, at least in part, by activation of the transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) and the resulting XBP-1-dependent transcription of anterior gradient homolog 2, a gene implicated in airway and intestinal epithelial mucin production. These novel findings suggest that IRE1β is a potential mucous cell-specific therapeutic target for airway diseases characterized by mucin overproduction.
Desmoglein-1 regulates esophageal epithelial barrier function and immune responses in eosinophilic esophagitis
Creators: name: Rothenberg, M E
name: Stucke, E M
name: Caldwell, J M
name: Mingler, M K
name: Kemme, K A
name: Djukic, Z
name: Dellon, E S
name: Costello, M S
name: Blanchard, C
name: KC, K
name: Sherrill, J D
name: Abonia, J P
name: Wu, D
name: Collins, M H
name: Putnam, P E
name: Orlando, R C
name: Hogan, S P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 (DSG1) is an essential intercellular adhesion molecule that is altered in various human cutaneous disorders; however, its regulation and function in allergic disease remains unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate a specific reduction in DSG1 in esophageal biopsies from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an emerging allergic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation within the esophageal mucosa. Further, we show that DSG1 gene silencing weakens esophageal epithelial integrity, and induces cell separation and impaired barrier function (IBF) despite high levels of desmoglein-3 (DSG3). Moreover, DSG1 deficiency induces transcriptional changes that partially overlap with the transcriptome of inflamed esophageal mucosa; notably, periostin, a multipotent pro-inflammatory extracellular matrix molecule, is the top induced overlapping gene. We further demonstrate that IBF is a pathological feature in EoE, which can be partially induced through the downregulation of DSG1 by interleukin-13 (IL-13). Taken together, these data identify a functional role for DSG1 and its dysregulation by IL-13 in the pathophysiology of EoE and suggest that the loss of DSG1 may potentiate allergic inflammation through the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as periostin.
Charmonium resonances and Fano line shapes
Creators: name: Cao, Xu
name: Lenske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous line shapes of quarkonia are explained naturally as an interference effect of a $c\bar c$ confined closed channel with the surrounding continua, well established in other fields of physics as Fano-resonances. We discuss a quark model coupled-channel analysis describing quarkonium as a mixing of closed $Q\bar Q$ and molecular-like $D\bar D$ open channels. The asymmetric line shapes observed in $ψ(3770)$ production cross sections in $e^+e^-$ annihilation to $D^0\bar{D}^0$ and $D^+ D^-$, respectively, are described very well. The method allows to extract directly from the data the amount of $Q\bar Q \leftrightarrow D\bar D$ configuration mixing.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Indian Contributions to LHC Theory
Creators: name: Raychaudhuri, Sreerup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indian scientists began to work on the theoretical aspects of LHC physics from the early 1980s, at the same time when the rest of the world started taking interest in this then-futuristic topic. From this point grew a whole school of collider phenomenologists, who now form a significant fraction of the Indian high-energy physics community. This article briefly reviews the growth and contributions of the Indian school, on the way describing some of the physics ideas while placing the work in the international context, and proceeding thus, brings the story up to date in mid-2022.
description: 49 pages, no figures
IgG in cervicovaginal mucus traps HSV and prevents vaginal Herpes infections
Creators: name: Murphy, M A
name: Kannan, A
name: Cone, R
name: Nunn, K L
name: Subramani, D B
name: Wang, Y-Y
name: Lai, S K
name: Moench, T
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: IgG is the predominant immunoglobulin in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM), yet how IgG in mucus can protect against infections is not fully understood. IgG diffuses rapidly through cervical mucus, slowed only slightly by transient adhesive interactions with mucins. We hypothesize this almost unhindered diffusion allows IgG to accumulate rapidly on pathogen surfaces, and the resulting IgG array forms multiple weak adhesive crosslinks to mucus gel that effectively trap (immobilize) pathogens, preventing them from initiating infections. Here, we report herpes simplex virus serotype 1 (HSV-1) readily penetrated fresh, pH-neutralized ex vivo samples of CVM with low or no detectable levels of anti-HSV-1 IgG, but was trapped in samples with even modest levels of anti-HSV-1 IgG. In samples with little or no endogenous anti-HSV-1 IgG, addition of exogenous anti-HSV-1 IgG, affinity purified from intravenous immunoglobulin, trapped virions at concentrations below those needed for neutralization and with similar potency as endogenous IgG. Deglycosylating purified anti-HSV-1 IgG, or removing its Fc component, markedly reduced trapping potency. Finally, a non-neutralizing IgG against HSV-gG significantly protected mice against vaginal infection, and removing vaginal mucus by gentle lavage abolished protection. These observations suggest IgG-Fc has a glycan dependent “muco-trapping” effector function that may provide exceptionally potent protection at mucosal surfaces.
Bootstrapping Mixed Correlators in the 3D Ising Model
Creators: name: Kos, Filip
name: Poland, David
name: Simmons-Duffin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conformal bootstrap for systems of correlators involving non-identical operators. The constraints of crossing symmetry and unitarity for such mixed correlators can be phrased in the language of semidefinite programming. We apply this formalism to the simplest system of mixed correlators in 3D CFTs with a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ global symmetry. For the leading $\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd operator $σ$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2$-even operator $ε$, we obtain numerical constraints on the allowed dimensions $(Δ_σ, Δ_ε)$ assuming that $σ$ and $ε$ are the only relevant scalars in the theory. These constraints yield a small closed region in $(Δ_σ, Δ_ε)$ space compatible with the known values in the 3D Ising CFT.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures
Multiscale Two-Dimensional Modeling of a Motile Simple-Shaped Cell
Creators: name: Jacobson, K.
name: Rubinstein, B.
name: Mogilner, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Cell crawling is an important biological phenomenon underlying coordinated cell movement in morphogenesis, cancer, and wound healing. In recent decades the process of cell crawling has been experimentally and theoretically dissected into further subprocesses: protrusion of the cell at its leading edge, retraction of the cell body, and graded adhesion. A number of one-dimensional (1-D) models explain successfully a proximal-distal organization and movement of the motile cell. However, more adequate two-dimensional (2-D) models are lacking. We propose a multiscale 2-D computational model of the lamellipodium (motile appendage) of a simply shaped, rapidly crawling fish keratocyte cell. We couple submodels of (i) protrusion and adhesion at the leading edge, (ii) the elastic 2-D lamellipodial actin network, (iii) the actin-myosin contractile bundle at the rear edge, and (iv) the convection-reaction-diffusion actin transport on the free boundary lamellipodial domain. We simulate the combined model numerically using a finite element approach. The simulations reproduce observed cell shapes, forces, and movements and explain some experimental results on perturbations of the actin machinery. This novel 2-D model of the crawling cell makes testable predictions and posits questions to be answered by future modeling.
Evaluating Group-Based Interventions When Control Participants Are Ungrouped
Creators: name: Hallfors, Denise Dion
name: Sterba, Sonya K.
name: Bauer, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Individually randomized treatments are often administered within a group setting. As a consequence, outcomes for treated individuals may be correlated due to provider effects, common experiences within the group, and/or informal processes of socialization. In contrast, it is often reasonable to regard outcomes for control participants as independent, given that these individuals are not placed into groups. Although this kind of design is common in intervention research, the statistical models applied to evaluate the treatment effects are usually inconsistent with the resulting data structure, potentially leading to biased inferences. This article presents an alternative model that explicitly accounts for the fact that only treated participants are grouped. In addition to providing a useful test of the overall treatment effect, this approach also permits one to formally determine the extent to which treatment effects vary over treatment groups and whether there is evidence that individuals within treatment groups become similar to one another. This strategy is demonstrated with data from the Reconnecting Youth program for high school students at risk of school failure and behavioral disorders.