cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mobility and Blockage-aware Communications in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks
Creators: name: Hussain, Muddassar
name: Scalabrin, Maria
name: Rossi, Michele
name: Michelusi, Nicolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Mobility may degrade the performance of next-generation vehicular networks operating at the millimeter-wave spectrum: frequent mis-alignment and blockages require repeated beam training and handover, and incur enormous overhead. Nevertheless, mobility induces temporal correlations in the communication beams and in blockage events. In this paper, an adaptive design of beam training, data transmission and handover is proposed, that learns and exploits these temporal correlations to reduce the beam training overhead and optimally trade-off throughput and power consumption. At each time-slot, the serving base station (BS) decides to perform either beam training, data communication, or handover when blockage is detected, under uncertainty in the system state. The decision problem is cast as a partially observable Markov decision process, and the goal is to maximize the throughput delivered to the UE, under an average power constraint. To address the high dimensional optimization, an approximate constrained point-based value iteration (C-PBVI) method is developed, which simultaneously optimizes the primal and dual functions to meet the power constraint. Numerical results demonstrate a good match between the analysis and a simulation based on 2D mobility and 3D analog beamforming via uniform planar arrays at both BSs and UE, and reveal that C-PBVI performs near-optimally, and outperforms a baseline scheme with periodic beam training by 38% in spectral efficiency. Motivated by the structure of the C-PBVI policy, two heuristics are proposed, that trade complexity with sub-optimality, and achieve only 4% and 15% loss in spectral efficiency.
description: To appear in IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology (TVT), 2020
Monetary Policies for Economic Development: The Philippine Experience, 1949-1954
Creators: name: Mercado, Julian D.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Up to the late twenties, central banks in the highly industrialized countries were primarily responsible for the maintenance of currency convertibility and the prevention of financial stringencies by acting as "lenders of last resort" and providing an elastic supply of bank credit in order to meet seasonal and temporary needs. Maintenance of domestic economic stability was given little attention.
Decoherence in Disordered Conductors at Low Temperatures, the effect of Soft Local Excitations
Creators: name: Imry, Y.
name: Ovadyahu, Z.
name: Schiller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conduction electrons' dephasing rate, $τ_ϕ^{-1}$, is expected to vanish with the temperature. A very intriguing apparent saturation of this dephasing rate in several systems was recently reported at very low temperatures. The suggestion that this represents dephasing by zero-point fluctuations has generated both theoretical and experimental controversies. We start by proving that the dephasing rate must vanish at the $T\to 0$ limit, unless a large ground state degeneracy exists. This thermodynamic proof includes most systems of relevance and it is valid for any determination of $τ_ϕ$ from {\em linear} transport measurements. In fact, our experiments demonstrate unequivocally that indeed when strictly linear transport is used, the apparent low-temperature saturation of $τ_ϕ$ is eliminated. However, the conditions to be in the linear transport regime are more strict than hitherto expected. Another novel result of the experiments is that introducing heavy nonmagnetic impurities (gold) in our samples produces, even in linear transport, a shoulder in the dephasing rate at very low temperatures. We then show theoretically that low-lying local defects may produce a relatively large dephasing rate at low temperatures. However, as expected, this rate in fact vanishes when $T \to 0$, in agreement with our experimental observations.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the Euresco Conference on Fundamental Problems of Mesoscopic Physics, Granada, September 2003, Kluwer
Calender log of cruise of the Microbe, July-August 1891
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1891
Subjects: subject: Recreation
subject: Sailboats
subject: Microbe (Sailboat)
subject: Recreation
subject: Sailboats

description: By the Crew, G.V. Black and W.N. Filson
A gradient system approach for Hankel structured low-rank approximation
Creators: name: Fazzi, Antonio
name: Guglielmi, Nicola
name: Markovsky, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Rank deficient Hankel matrices are at the core of several applications. However, in practice, the coefficients of these matrices are noisy due to e.g. measurements errors and computational errors, so generically the involved matrices are full rank. This motivates the problem of Hankel structured low-rank approximation. Structured low-rank approximation problems, in general, do not have a global and efficient solution technique. In this paper we propose a local optimization approach based on a two-levels iteration. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm usually achieves good accuracy and shows a higher robustness with respect to the initial approximation, compared to alternative approaches.
The Effect of intermittent fasting and continuous low-moderate intensity physical activity on fat-oxidation rates and commonly used fatness-measurements: a sustainable approach for combatting the obesity epidemic
Creators: name: Yavelberg, Loren
name: Gledhill, Norman
name: Jamnik, Veronica
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: The World Health Organization estimates that within the next few years non-communicable diseases will become the principal global causes of morbidity and mortality. While customarily employed techniques for weight loss have proven to not provide sustainable resolutions, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity as a healthy lifestyle and weight management approach. Purpose: To examine the effects of IF (16 hr) and manageable physical activity (PA) continuous light-moderate intensity interventions to combat overweightness which ultimately contributes to the growing obesity epidemic. Methods: 10 middle-aged women were recruited via snowball technique. Adiposity was assessed using sum of skinfolds, waist circumference, body mass index, % body fat via bioelectrical impedance, and aerobic fitness plus fat-oxidation rates were measured using discrete open circuit spirometry following an overnight fast. Results: Post 3-weeks of the combined IF and PA intervention, study participants experienced a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease of; -2.5% in body mass, -8.5% in the sum of skinfolds, -2.7% waist circumference. Statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements were observed in; relative VO2max + 8.9%, absolute VO2max + 6.7% and peak fat-oxidation +11.7%. Conclusions: The statistically significant preliminary findings of this combined 3-week IF and PA intervention showed changes in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, improvements in peak fat-oxidation rates, increases in VO2max, and retention or improvement of estimated fat free mass. These data demonstrate the combined IF and PA intervention efficacy for weight loss. Funding: Non-received.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
The Impact of sprint interval training with or without weight loss on substrate oxidation in adults
Creators: name: Nancekievill, Dawson
name: Colpitts, Benjamin
name: Sénéchal, Martin
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Endurance exercise training and weight loss (WL) has been associated with changes in fat oxidation (FO). However, there is limited evidence investigating the impact of sprint interval training (SIT) induced WL on FO in adults. Purpose: Investigate the impact of 4-week SIT with or without WL on FO at rest and during submaximal bout of exercise in adults. Methods: Thirty-four adults aged 19 to 60 years took part in 4-week SIT consisting of repeated 30-second Wingates separated by four minutes of active recovery three times per week. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured with indirect calorimetry (VCO2/VO2), while FO (g/min) was estimated using the formula FO=1.695*VO2-1.701*VCO2. Outcome measures were quantified at rest and during submaximal exercise at baseline and post-intervention. Participants were classified to a WL group (weight change < 0kg) or a non-WL group (weight change ≥ 0 kg). Results: A significant interaction effect was observed between time and WL groups for submaximal RER and FO (all ps<0.05). Submaximal RER (0.96 ± 0.08 to 0.92 ± 0.06; p=0.030) and FO (116.9 ± 223.7 g/min to 248.8 ± 165.3 g/min; p=0.008) were both significantly improved in the WL group and were significantly different from the non-WL group (all ps<0.05). Conclusion: Short-term SIT-induced WL elicited significant improvements in submaximal RER and estimated FO in adults and should be recommended to increase FO in adults. Funding: Diabetes Action Canada, University Research Fund-University of New Brunswick Research Fund, and the Canadian Institute of Health Research
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Incorporating Affirmative Action into the Welfare State
Creators: name: Blumkin, Tomer
name: Margalioth, Yoram
name: Sadka, Efraim
name: Blumkin, Tomer
name: Margalioth, Yoram
name: Sadka, Efraim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Affirmative Action
subject: Optimal Taxation
subject: Tagging

description: In this paper, we discuss a novel aspect of affirmative action policy. We examine its redistributive role, asking whether in an egalitarian society, supplementing the tax-transfer system with an affirmative action policy would enhance social welfare. We demonstrate that affirmative action could be a desirable policy tool even if racial discrimination does not exist in the labor market.
On the possiblity of detecting Solar pp-neutrino with a large volume liquid organic scintillator detector
Creators: name: Derbin, A. V.
name: Smirnov, O. Yu.
name: Zaimidoroga, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a large volume liquid organic scintillator detector with an energy resolution of 10 keV at 200 keV 1 sigma will be sensitive to solar pp-neutrino, if operated at the target radiopurity levels for the Borexino detector, or the solar neutrino project of KamLAND.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables. Contributed paper to the Nonaccelerating New Neutrino Physic. NANP-2003, Dubna. To be published in Phys.At.Nucl.(2004)
Classification of moderate-intensity walking speed during overground walking
Creators: name: Zheng, Peixuan
name: Ducharme, Scott
name: Moore, Christopher
name: Tudor-Locke, Catrine
name: Aguiar, Elroy
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Moderate-intensity walking is recommended as an effective strategy to elicit health benefits. The Compendium of Physical Activities suggests that walking at 2.5 mph associates with moderate intensity (i.e., ≥3 metabolic equivalents [METs]). However, this speed was obtained from studies mostly conducted among younger adults and/or using treadmill protocols. It is plausible that moderate-intensity speed thresholds may vary by age and/or walking condition. Purpose: To determine and compare the walking speed associated with moderate-intensity overground walking among young, middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Participants (N=248 healthy adults, 21-85 years, 49%women) performed a single 5-minute overground walking trial at a preferred pace. Speed was measured using an electronic mat, and oxygen uptake was measured using an indirect calorimeter and converted to METs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed for the whole sample and three age groups: young (21-40y; n=75), middle-aged (41-60y; n=79) and older-aged (61-85y; n=94). Optimal thresholds were determined using Youden’s Index and bootstraps with 20,000 replicates. Results: Seventy-five percent of participants achieved 3 METs. Speed thresholds [95%CI] associated with moderate intensity for the whole sample, young, middle-aged, and older-aged groups were 2.87 [2.53, 2.97], 2.86 [2.40, 3.09], 2.80 [2.54, 2.98] and 2.74 [2.48, 2.97] mph, respectively. Conclusions: Optimal overground walking speeds associated with moderate intensity were similar across different age groups, but trended lower with increasing age. Notably, all thresholds were greater than the Compendium of Physical Activities threshold, suggesting that a faster walking speed is required among all age groups to attain moderate intensity during overground walking. Funding: National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging #: 5R01AG049024. Moore is supported by a T32 Training Grant: NRSA: T32-HL007055-44
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Executive functioning and trait mindfulness in older adults before a remote physical exercise training program
Creators: name: Agate, Taylor
name: Contreras, Alejandra
name: Garcia-Barrera, Mauricio
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Physical exercise shows benefits to mood and executive functioning (EF), and there is evidence that trait mindfulness (TM) plays a role. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many older adults have reduced their physical activity. Purpose: Using data from the baseline evaluation of a randomized control trial implementing physical exercise training for older adults in Canada, this study examines the relative contributions of physical exercise and TM to EF and mood. Methods: 39 older adults (67% women, 66-78 years-old) were assessed for self-reported frequency of physical exercise; TM; EF that was evaluated by self-report (Executive Function Index -EFI) and computerized tasks (inhibition, working memory, shifting and decision-making); and mood (anxiety and depression). Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the effects of physical exercise and TM on EF and mood. Results: TM alone significantly predicted self-reported EF, β = .36, t(32) = 2.09, p < .05, and symptoms of depression, β = -.47, t(32) = -2.91, p < .01, and anxiety, β = -.42, t(32) = -2.65, p = .01, but not performance on any EF cognitive tasks. Frequency of physical exercise did not significantly predict any measures of EF or mood. Conclusions: These results suggest that before beginning a remote physical exercise program, trait mindfulness may play a larger role than physical exercise in EF and mood. Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and an internal research grant, University of Victoria.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Monetary Policies for Economic Development: The Philippine Experience, 1949-1954
Creators: name: Mercado, Julian D.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: Up to the late twenties, central banks in the highly industrialized countries were primarily responsible for the maintenance of currency convertibility and the prevention of financial stringencies by acting as "lenders of last resort" and providing an elastic supply of bank credit in order to meet seasonal and temporary needs. Maintenance of domestic economic stability was given little attention.
Observational signatures of disk and jet misalignment in images of accreting black holes
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Koushik
name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Liska, Matthew
name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
name: Markoff, Sera
name: Yoon, Doosoo
name: van Eijnatten, David
name: Hesp, Casper
name: Ingram, Adam
name: van der Klis, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole accretion is one of nature's most efficient energy extraction processes. When gas falls in, a significant fraction of its gravitational binding energy is either converted into radiation or flows outwards in the form of black hole-driven jets and disk-driven winds. Recently, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), an Earth-size sub-millimetre radio interferometer, captured the first images of M87's black hole. These images were analysed and interpreted using general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) models of accretion disks with rotation axes aligned with the black hole spin axis. However, since infalling gas is often insensitive to the black hole spin direction, misalignment between accretion disk and black hole spin may be a common occurrence in nature. In this work, we use the general-relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) code \texttt{BHOSS} to calculate the first synthetic radio images of (highly) tilted disk/jet models generated by our GPU-accelerated GRMHD code \texttt{HAMR}. While the tilt does not have a noticeable effect on the system dynamics beyond a few tens of gravitational radii from the black hole, the warping of the disk and jet can imprint observable signatures in EHT images on smaller scales. Comparing the images from our GRMHD models to the 43 GHz and 230 GHz EHT images of M87, we find that M87 may feature a tilted disk/jet system. Further, tilted disks and jets display significant time variability in the 230 GHz flux that can be further tested by longer-duration EHT observations of M87.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS, for YouTube playlist see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjldVlE2vDFwjt4UE9zKxlPJ3Um_7lBLS
Scalar Speed Limits and Cosmology: Acceleration from D-cceleration
Creators: name: Silverstein, Eva
name: Tong, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causality on the gravity side of the AdS/CFT correspondence restricts motion on the moduli space of the N=4 super Yang Mills theory by imposing a speed limit on how fast the scalar field may roll. This effect can be traced to higher derivative operators arising from integrating out light degrees of freedom near the origin. In the strong coupling limit of the theory, the dynamics is well approximated by the Dirac-Born-Infeld Lagrangian for a probe D3-brane moving toward the horizon of the AdS Poincare patch, combined with an estimate of the (ultimately suppressed) rate of particle and string production in the system. We analyze the motion of a rolling scalar field explicitly in the strong coupling regime of the field theory, and extend the analysis to cosmological systems obtained by coupling this type of field theory to four dimensional gravity. This leads to a mechanism for slow roll inflation for a massive scalar at subPlanckian VEV without need for a flat potential (realizing a version of k-inflation in a microphysical framework). It also leads to a variety of novel FRW cosmologies, some of which are related to those obtained with tachyon matter.
description: 39 pages. v2: References added. v3: comments on conformal and curvature couplings revised
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation for orthonormal functions: II. Application to Lieb-Thirring inequalities
Creators: name: Frank, Rupert L.
name: Gontier, David
name: Lewin, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we disprove part of a conjecture of Lieb and Thirring concerning the best constant in their eponymous inequality. We prove that the best Lieb-Thirring constant when the eigenvalues of a Schrödinger operator $-Δ+V(x)$ are raised to the power $κ$ is never given by the one-bound state case when $κ>\max(0,2-d/2)$ in space dimension $d\geq1$. When in addition $κ\geq1$ we prove that this best constant is never attained for a potential having finitely many eigenvalues. The method to obtain the first result is to carefully compute the exponentially small interaction between two Gagliardo-Nirenberg optimisers placed far away. For the second result, we study the dual version of the Lieb-Thirring inequality, in the same spirit as in Part I of this work (D. Gontier, M. Lewin & F.Q. Nazar, arXiv:2002.04963). In a different but related direction, we also show that the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation admits no orthonormal ground state in 1D, for more than one function.
description: Includes some new properties of the one-bound state (Gagliardo-Nirenberg) constant
An Investigation of the California Test of Personality with the Hard-of-Hearing Adult
Creators: name: Swindler, Peter V.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Investigations into the personality structure of the hard-of-hearing adult as demonstrated by the literature are meager. Are there uniquenesses due to impaired hearing that differentiate the hard-of-hearing as a group? Furthermore, within the hard-of-hearing group does the type of hearing loss play a deciding role in the personality which is consequently developed? In general, one might expect behavior different from the ordinary from any person suffering a physical disability by the mere virtue of the fact that this person is operating on a different set of cues, or at least a limited ability to receive those cues persent.
SMAUG: a new technique for the deprojection of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Pizzolato, F.
name: Molendi, S.
name: Ghizzardi, S.
name: De Grandi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new technique for reconstructing the spatial distributions of hydrogen, temperature and metal abundance of a galaxy cluster. These quantities are worked out from the X-ray spectrum, modeled starting from few analytical functions describing their spatial distributions. These functions depend upon some parameters, determined by fitting the model to the observed spectrum. We have implemented this technique as a new model in the XSPEC software analysis package. We describe the details of the method, and apply it to work out the structure of the cluster A1795. We combine the observation of three satellites, exploiting the high spatial resolution of Chandra for the cluster core, the wide collecting area of XMM-Newton for the intermediate regions and the large field of view of Beppo-SAX for the outer regions. We also test the validity and precision of our method by i) comparing its results with those from a geometrical deprojection, ii) examining the spectral residuals at different radii of the cluster and iii) reprojecting the unfolded profiles and comparing them directly to the measured quantities. Our analytical method yields the parameters defining the spatial functions directly from the spectra. Their explicit knowledge allows a straightforward derivation of other indirect physical quantities like the gravitating mass, as well as a fast and easy estimate of the profiles uncertainties.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; emulateapj; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Remote monitoring of physical activity, sleep, and blood pressure with wearable technology in cancer populations: a single institution experience
Creators: name: Barnhill, Katherine
name: Raines, Carolina
name: Shirazipour, Celina
name: Gresham, Gillian
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Wearable technology is changing the way we collect and analyze data. The use of wearable technology (activity trackers, blood pressure monitors) for remote monitoring of daily activity, sleep, and blood pressure in cancer patients may reveal insight into specific biomarkers of disease and symptom progression. Purpose: To establish a program that allows for remote monitoring of physical activity, sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure, accompanied by electronic patient-reported outcomes (PROs), for cancer patients participating in ongoing clinical studies conducted at CSMC, in order to achieve a holistic view of patient health outside of a clinical setting. Methods: A protocol to be included as a sub-study in ongoing studies was developed and initiated in 2015, involving: continuous remote monitoring using wearable technologies (e.g., Fitbits, Omron BP Monitors) and PRO surveys. Metrics collected include: sleep (duration, quality, latency), physical activity (steps, exercise, calories burned, time sedentary), BP (systolic, diastolic, HR). The PROs (fatigue, depression, quality-of-life) were reported electronically via REDcap on a varying basis. Results: Data from 300 patients (ages 18-92years) across 11 studies involving different cancer types (e.g., pancreatic, colorectal, etc.) and stages were collected and stored in HIPAA 21 CFR Part 11 compliant databases, with the goal of serving as a model for future studies. Adherence rates ranged from 80%-100%. Conclusions: Wearable technologies and PRO surveys provide a comprehensive view of patient disease related measures to physicians by tracking biometrics and quality-of-life, revealing insight into relevant lifestyle factors contributing to cancer progression. Funding: Study funded by PANCAN, DoD and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Retirement Decisions of Married Couples
Creators: name: Gotlibovski, Chemi
name: Weiss, Yoram
name: Gotlibovski, Chemi
name: Weiss, Yoram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: In this paper we construct a simple structural dynamic model of retirement in which partners make joint retirement decisions, based on their age, current health and expected health. We estimate the model using the Israeli SHARE data. The model generates a predicted probability of retirement of each spouse for every year in which the husband age is between 55 and 75. Based on these predicted probabilities we define a synchronization index, which measures difference between the probability that both partners will be in the same state (retired or working) and the probability that they will be in a different state (one works and the other is retired). We show that couples actually synchronize their retirement decisions. We then use the model to simulate the predicted impact of the recent changes in official retirement ages of men and women in Israel on synchronization of retirement decisions.
The Tennis Coach Problem: A Game-Theoretic and Experimental Study
Creators: name: Arad, Ayala
name: Arad, Ayala
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: level-k thinking
subject: tennis game
subject: experimental game theory
subject: colonel Blotto

description: The paper introduces a new allocation game, related to the Colonel Blotto game: each tennis coach assigns his four different skilled players to four positions, and then each team plays all other teams in the tournament. The set of equilibria is characterized and experimental behavior in variants of the game is analyzed in light of an adapted level-k model. The results exhibit a systematic pattern- a majority of the subjects used a small number of strategies. However, although level-k thinking is naturally specified in this context, only a limited use of low level-k thinking was found. Thus, the results illuminate some bounds of the level-k approach.
Inside the Black of Box of Ability Peer Effects: Evidence from Variation in Low Achievers in the Classroom
Creators: name: Lavy, Victor
name: Paserman, Daniele
name: Schlosser, Analila
name: Lavy, Victor
name: Paserman, Daniele
name: Schlosser, Analila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Peer effects
subject: Education production function

description: In this paper, we estimate the extent of ability peer effects in the classroom and explore the underlying mechanisms through which these peer effects operate. We identify as low ability students those who are enrolled at least one year behind their birth cohort (“repeaters”). We show that there are marked differences between the academic performance and behavior of repeaters and regular students. The status of repeaters is mostly determined by first grade; therefore, it is unlikely to have been affected by their classroom peers, and our estimates will not suffer from the reflection problem. Using within school variation in the proportion of these low ability students across cohorts of middle and high school students in Israel, we find that the proportion of low achieving peers has a negative effect on the performance of regular students, especially those located at the lower end of the ability distribution. An exploration of the underlying mechanisms of these peer effects shows that, relative to regular students, repeaters report that teachers are better in the individual treatment of students and in the instilment of capacity for individual study. However, a higher proportion of these low achieving students results in a deterioration of teachers’ pedagogical practices, has detrimental effects on the quality of inter-student relationships and the relationships between teachers and students, and increases the level of violence and classroom disruptions.
Impact of Information Placement and User Representations in VR on Performance and Embodiment
Creators: name: Seinfeld, Sofia
name: Feuchtner, Tiare
name: Pinzek, Johannes
name: Müller, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.m

description: Human sensory processing is sensitive to the proximity of stimuli to the body. It is therefore plausible that these perceptual mechanisms also modulate the detectability of content in VR, depending on its location. We evaluate this in a user study and further explore the impact of the user's representation during interaction. We also analyze how embodiment and motor performance are influenced by these factors. In a dual-task paradigm, participants executed a motor task, either through virtual hands, virtual controllers, or a keyboard. Simultaneously, they detected visual stimuli appearing in different locations. We found that, while actively performing a motor task in the virtual environment, performance in detecting additional visual stimuli is higher when presented near the user's body. This effect is independent of how the user is represented and only occurs when the user is also engaged in a secondary task. We further found improved motor performance and increased embodiment when interacting through virtual tools and hands in VR, compared to interacting with a keyboard. This study contributes to better understanding the detectability of visual content in VR, depending on its location in the virtual environment, as well as the impact of different user representations on information processing, embodiment, and motor performance.
Black hole, neutron star and white dwarf merger rates in AGN disks
Creators: name: McKernan, B.
name: Ford, K. E. S.
name: O'Shaughnessy, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced LIGO \& Advanced Virgo are detecting a large number of binary stellar origin black hole (BH) mergers. A promising channel for accelerated BH merger lies in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks of gas around super-masssive black holes. Here we investigate the relative number of compact object mergers in AGN disk models, including BH, neutron stars (NS) and white dwarfs, via Monte Carlo simulations. We find the number of all merger types in the bulk disk grows $\propto t^{1/3}$ which is driven by the Hill sphere of the more massive merger component. Median mass ratios of NS-BH mergers in AGN disks are $\tilde{q}=0.07\pm 0.06(0.14\pm 0.07)$ for mass functions (MF) $M^{-1(-2)}$. If a fraction $f_{AGN}$ of the observed rate of BH-BH mergers (${\cal}{R}_{BH-BH}$) come from AGN, we expect a rate of NS-BH (NS-NS) mergers from the AGN channel of ${\cal}{R}_{BH-NS} \sim f_{AGN}[10,300]\rm{Gpc}^{-3} \rm{yr}^{-1}$,(${\cal}{R}_{NS-NS} \leq f_{AGN}400\rm{Gpc}^{-3} \rm{yr}^{-1}$). Allowing for the ratio of NS-NS/BH-BH LIGO search volumes, from preliminary O3 results we can rule out the AGN channel as a dominant contribution to observed NS-NS mergers. The number of lower mass gap events in this channel is a strong function of the nuclear MF and mass segregation efficiency. Compact object merger ratios derived from LIGO can restrict models of MF, mass segregation and populations embedded in AGN disks. The expected number of EM counterparts to NS-BH mergers in AGN disks at $z<1$ is $\sim [30,900]{\rm{yr}}^{-1}(f_{AGN}/0.1)$. EM searches for flaring due to embedded events in large AGN surveys will complement LIGO constraints on AGN models and the embedded populations that must live in them.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS (accepted)
Can eHealth interventions increase physical activity among individuals with depression: A systematic review
Creators: name: Tang, Yiling
name: Lee, Jacqueline
name: Lam, Raymond
name: Liu, Sam
name: Faulkner, Guy
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Depression is one of the most common and debilitating mental disorders and one of the top contributors to the burden of disability in Canada and around the world. Exercise has been recommended as a monotherapy for mild-moderate depression and adjunctive treatment for severe depression. However, access to supervised and structured exercise interventions for depression may not always be available. EHealth interventions may be effective in increasing physical activity among people with depression who cannot, or prefer not to, access supervised exercise treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020221713) is to evaluate the impact of eHealth interventions on increasing physical activity among adults with depression. Methods: Systematic literature searches for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies were performed in nine electronic databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO) from inception to November 2020. Results: Four RCTs (440 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Three were web-based and one was app-based. All studies indicated that eHealth interventions are effective in decreasing depressive symptoms compared to waitlist group. Three studies showed medium to large effect sizes. However, we found inconsistent evidence of effectiveness in increasing physical activity behavior. Three studies showed increased physical activity in intervention groups but no significant difference between groups. Dropout rates were relatively low in intervention groups (0% - 21.9%). Conclusions: Physical activity eHealth interventions appear feasible in this population. Tailored eHealth interventions and well controlled studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using eHealth interventions to help people with depression increase physical activity. Funding: Four Year Doctoral Fellowship to Yiling Tang from the University of British Columbia, Canada
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
Entropy scaling in galaxy clusters: insights from an XMM-Newton observation of the poor cluster A1983
Creators: name: Pratt, G. W.
name: Arnaud, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An XMM-Newton observation of the cool (kT=2.1 keV) cluster A1983, at z=0.044, is presented. Gas density and temperature profiles are calculated for the inner 500 h_{50}^{-1} kpc (~0.35 r_200). The outer regions of the surface brightness profile are well described with a beta model with beta=0.74, but the central regions require the introduction of a second component. The temperature profile is flat at the exterior with a slight dip towards the centre. The total mass profile, calculated assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, is consistent with an NFW profile, but with a low concentration parameter c=3.75 +/- 0.74. The M/L_B ratio profile shows that, at large scale, light traces mass to a reasonable extent, and the M/L_B ratio at 0.35 r_200 is consistent with the trends with mass observed in the optical. The M_Fe/L_B ratio is about two times less than that observed for a cluster at 5 keV. The gas mass fraction rises rapidly to level off at ~200 kpc; the value at 0.35 r_200 is ~8%. The scaling properties of the emission measure profile are consistent with the empirical relation \mgas \propto \Tx^{1.94}, and not with the self-similar relation \mgas \propto \Tx^{1.5}. Comparison of the entropy profile of A1983 with that of the hot cluster A1413 shows that the profiles are well scaled using the empirically determined relation S \propto \Tx^{0.65}, suggesting that the slope of the S-T relation is shallower than in the self-similar model. The form of the entropy profiles is remarkably similar, and there is no sign of a larger isentropic core in the cooler cluster. These data provide powerful agruments against preheating models. In turn, there is now increasing observational support for a trend of f_gas with system mass, which may go some way towards explaining the observed scaling behaviour. (Abridged.)
description: Final refereed version to appear in A&A; Figs 2, 7, 11 and 12 are low res
Physical Activity can be successfully increased through a 12-week digital health intervention: the ACCELERATION Program
Creators: name: Joyal-Desmarais, Keven
name: Bacon, Simon
name: Firth, Wanda
name: Giacomantonio, Nicholas
name: Jones, Jennifer
name: Nooyen, Jessica
name: Oh, Paul
name: Szczepanik, Geneviève
name: Warburton, Darren
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Over 2/3 of global deaths result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like heart disease and cancer. Modifiable behaviours (e.g., physical activity, diet) play a large role in NCDs and changing them is crucial for NCD prevention. ACCELERATION is a 12-week eHealth program that improves behaviours in people at risk for NCDs (e.g., through coaching/goal-setting). Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the ACCELERATION program at improving physical activity levels. Methods: 696 patients enrolled in the ACCELERATION program. We assessed their physical activity levels at baseline (T1), after program completion (12-weeks; T2), and at a 6-month follow-up (T3). Each time, we assessed weekly number of minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Mixed effects models (controlling for sex, province, age, and ethnicity) were used to evaluate change in MVPA over time. Results: Mean levels of MVPA at each time point were as follow: T1=112.7; T2=189.8; T3=192.7. Additionally, the following percentage of participants met Canadian guidelines to engage in 150 minutes or more of weekly MVPA: T1=31.2%; T2=53.9%; T3=55.0%. Mixed effects models indicate a significant average increase of 76.4 (95% CI: 58.8 to 93.9) minutes of MVPA from baseline (T1) to program-completion (T2). Changes in MVPA were maintained in the long term, with a non-significant and negligeable change between T2 and T3. Conclusions: Participants in the 12-week ACCELERATION program successfully and substantially increased their minutes of MVPA by an average of 76.4 minutes, and this increase was maintained over time. Funding: The ACCELERATION program was funded by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC).
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress
An Investigation of the California Test of Personality with the Hard-of-Hearing Adult
Creators: name: Swindler, Peter V.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5205
subject: Social and personality psychology

description: Investigations into the personality structure of the hard-of-hearing adult as demonstrated by the literature are meager. Are there uniquenesses due to impaired hearing that differentiate the hard-of-hearing as a group? Furthermore, within the hard-of-hearing group does the type of hearing loss play a deciding role in the personality which is consequently developed? In general, one might expect behavior different from the ordinary from any person suffering a physical disability by the mere virtue of the fact that this person is operating on a different set of cues, or at least a limited ability to receive those cues persent.
The Role of Stigma in the Design of Welfare Programs
Creators: name: Blumkin, Tomer
name: Margalioth, Yoram
name: Sadka, Efraim
name: Blumkin, Tomer
name: Margalioth, Yoram
name: Sadka, Efraim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Welfare
subject: Take Up
subject: Targeting
subject: Inequality
subject: Stigma

description: We consider the notion of welfare stigma à la Besley and Coate (1992b). This stigma is attributed to welfare claimants by society when they are perceived as undeserving in the sense that they falsely claim to be eligible for welfare benefits. However, due to imperfect information, this stigma may be extended, with some probability, to all welfare claimants. We examine the implications of this kind of stigma for the design of welfare programs.
Numerical Solution of Inverse Problems by Weak Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Bao, Gang
name: Ye, Xiaojing
name: Zang, Yaohua
name: Zhou, Haomin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a weak adversarial network approach to numerically solve a class of inverse problems, including electrical impedance tomography and dynamic electrical impedance tomography problems. We leverage the weak formulation of PDE in the given inverse problem, and parameterize the solution and the test function as deep neural networks. The weak formulation and the boundary conditions induce a minimax problem of a saddle function of the network parameters. As the parameters are alternatively updated, the network gradually approximates the solution of the inverse problem. We provide theoretical justifications on the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Our method is completely mesh-free without any spatial discretization, and is particularly suitable for problems with high dimensionality and low regularity on solutions. Numerical experiments on a variety of test inverse problems demonstrate the promising accuracy and efficiency of our approach.
Human Capital and Inequality Dynamics:The Role of Education Technology
Creators: name: Viaene, Jean-Marie
name: Zilcha, Itzhak
name: Viaene, Jean-Marie
name: Zilcha, Itzhak
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Human Capital
subject: Innate Ability
subject: Inequality Dynamics

description: The paper offers a united way to examine several puzzles on in- equality dynamics. It focuses on differences in the education tech- nology and their effects on income distributions. Our overlapping generations economy has the following features: (1) consumers are heterogenous with respect to ability and parental human capital; (2) intergenerational transfers take place via parental direct investment in education and, public education enhanced by taxes (possibly, with a level determined by majority voting). We explore several varia- tions in the production of human capital, some attributed to 'home- education' and others related to 'public-education', and indicate how various changes in education technologies affect the intragenerational income inequality along the equilibrium path.
Improving healthy behaviours through motivationally tailored messages: meta-analytic insights from 177 randomized control trials
Creators: name: Joyal-Desmarais, Keven
name: Scharmer, Alexandra
name: Madzelan, Molly
name: See, Jolene
name: Rothman, Alexander
name: Snyder, Mark
Publisher: name: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Background: Tailoring health-related communications to account for people’s characteristics (e.g., age, sex) can be a useful tool to promote healthier lifestyles (e.g., physical activity, healthy diets). Functional matching is a special type of tailoring that focuses on matching content to psychological motives, values, and needs, and has been argued to be a particularly powerful form of tailoring. Although functional matching has been widely and successfully applied to influence consumer behaviours, its effectiveness for encouraging health behaviours is less well established. Purpose: To synthesize current research applying functional matching to influence health decision-making. Methods: We present a meta-analytic synthesis of randomized control trials evaluating functional matching on health behaviour outcomes (attitudes, intentions, behaviours) in general, and in the domains of physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol use. Using a three-level meta-analysis, we synthesize 1,316 effects from 177 studies. Results: The average effect of functional matching on health-related attitudes, intentions, and behaviours was significant and positive at r = .12 (k = 177; 95% CI = .09 to .14). Significant effects were obtained for physical activity (r = .16; k=21; 95% CI = .09 to .23), dietary changes (r =.16; k=44; 95% CI = .10-.22), and smoking (r =.08; k=36; 95% CI = .03 to.12). Effects on alcohol use were of a similar magnitude but not significant (r=.10; k=15; 95% CI = -.02 to .22). Conclusions: These findings suggest that functional matching may be a highly promising tool for interventionists to consider when building interventions to encourage healthier behaviors.
description: The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress