cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IJTIMOIY YO'NALTIRILGAN BOZOR IQTISODIYOTI MODELLARI VA BIZNES YURITISH FAOLIYATINING O'ZIGA XOS MEZONLARI
Creators: name: Sultonov, Bobomurod
Publisher: name: Academic Scientific Research
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ijtimoiy yo'naltirilgan bozor iqtisodiyoti
biznes yuritish faoliyati
korporativ ijtimoiy mas'uliyat
davlat tartibga soluvi
ekologik barqarorlik
iqtisodiy barqarorlik
ijtimoiy tenglik
aholi farovonligi
bozor tamoyillari
davlat va bozor hamkorligi

description: Mazkur mavzu doirasida ijtimoiy yo‘naltirilgan bozor iqtisodiyoti modellari va ularning biznes yuritish faoliyatidagi o‘ziga xos mezonlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ijtimoiy yo‘naltirilgan bozor iqtisodiyoti modeli bozor va davlat aralashmasiga asoslangan bo‘lib, asosiy maqsadi aholining ijtimoiy ehtiyojlarini qondirish bilan birga bozor tamoyillarini saqlashdir. Ushbu modelda davlat bozor mexanizmlarini nazorat qilish bilan birga, ijtimoiy tenglik, sog‘liqni saqlash, ta'lim, bandlik kabi sohalarni rivojlantirishga e'tibor qaratadi. Biznes yuritish faoliyatining o‘ziga xos mezonlari sifatida korporativ ijtimoiy mas'uliyat, ekologik barqarorlik, aholi farovonligiga yo‘naltirilgan strategiyalar va uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy barqarorlik kabilar ajralib turadi. Ushbu mezonlar ijtimoiy yo‘naltirilgan bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida biznesning nafaqat iqtisodiy foyda olishga intilishiga, balki keng jamoatchilik manfaatlarini hisobga olishiga urg‘u beradi.
A Welfare Analysis of the U.S. Ethanol Subsidy
Creators: name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Baker, Mindy L.
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Baker, Mindy L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: consumer surplus
subject: deadweight loss
subject: ethanol
subject: subsidy
subject: substitution.

description: Based on a transparent analytical model of multiple markets including corn, ethanol, gasoline, and transportation fuel, this study estimates the welfare changes for consumers and producers resulting from ethanol production and related support polices in 2007. The welfare estimation takes into account the second-best gain from eliminating loan deficiency payments. The results suggest the total social cost is about $0.78 billion for given market parameters. We validate the model’s underlying assumption and test for the results’ sensitivity to assumed parameters.
Basics of a photon collider
Creators: name: Serbo, Valery G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This small review is devoted to $γγ$ collisions including methods of creating the colliding $γγ$ beams of high energy and physical problems which can be solved or clarified in such collisions. Contents: 1. Introduction 1.1. The subject 1.2. Interaction of photons in the Maxwell theory and QED 2. Collisions of equivalent photons at $e^+e^-$ storage rings 3. Results obtained in virtual $γ^*γ^*$ collisions 4. Linear $e^{\pm} e^-$ collider 5. Photon collider on a base of a linear $e^{\pm} e^-$ collider 5.1. Idea of high-energy $γγ$ and $γe$ colliders with real photons 5.2. Scheme of a photon collider 5.3. Compton scattering as a basic process for $e\to γ$ conversion 6. Physics of $γγ$ interactions 7. Concluding remarks 7.1. Summary from TESLA TDR 7.2. Prediction of Andrew Sessler in 1998 7.3. Conclusion of Karl von Weizsäcker for young physicists
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, Lectures given for young physicists in the series of dedicated lectures on Physics at Future Colliders (LHC, ILC, PLC) and Astrophysics at the International Conference ``The PHOTON: its first hundred years and the future'' (30.08 -- 08.09.2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland)
Spätbyzantisches und frühchristlich-syrisches Weihnachtsbild
Creators: name: Baumstark, Anton
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 11 Nr. 1 (1913): Oriens christianus, Band 11, Heft 1
A Government Decision Model for Invasive Species: Choosing the Most Efficient Government Program for the Management of Livestock Diseases
Creators: name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Coble, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The impact of invasive species has grown substantially in recent years as evident by the trends in government expenditures in response to outbreaks. In this paper, authors analyze advantages and disadvantages of current government compensation measures for invasive species. The conceptual models are built to describe the relationship between producers’ utility and the effect of adoption of different measures under different observability condition. As a case study, a survey is designed to analyze producer behavior in mitigating AI & END outbreaks.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY AND FUSION USING A ZERO-PROFILE ANCHORED CAGE
Creators: name: Azimov, Ulugbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cervical discectomy is one of the most common and rapidly growing procedures performed to quickly relieve radicular and spinal cord compression. As fusion procedures have gained widespread acceptance, efforts in research and development have focused on improving and simplifying aspects of these surgeries to enhance patient outcomes. Various devices, including allograft bone with anterior plating, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cages with anterior plating, and other interbody fusion devices, have been utilized, yielding mixed results. Despite the numerous technical and biomechanical advancements offering diverse fusion options, the combination of cages and anterior cervical plates has increased the risk of complications such as dysphagia.
Operating a quantum pump in a closed circuit
Creators: name: Sela, Itamar
name: Cohen, Doron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During an adiabatic pumping cycle a conventional two barrier quantum device takes an electron from the left lead and ejects it to the right lead. Hence the pumped charge per cycle is naively expected to be $Q \le e$. This zero order adiabatic point of view is in fact misleading. For a closed device we can get ${Q > e}$ and even ${Q \gg e}$. In this paper a detailed analysis of the quantum pump operation is presented. Using the Kubo formula for the geometric conductance, and applying the Dirac chains picture, we derive practical estimates for~$Q$.
description: 19 pages, 8 figs, minor textual corretions, to be published in JPA
Evaluation and application of Fracture Detection Software to coalbed methane exploration
Creators: name: Rozak, Alexander Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Natural fractures, or cleats, form the only permeable pathway for desorbed methane to travel from the coal matrix to a well bore for production. Hence, detection and delineation of natural fracture systems is of prime importance to coalbed methane exploration. This thesis evaluates an industry developed software package for detecting subsurface fractures in coals. This software package, known in industry as "LogFAC", re-interprets conventional geophysical well log data to estimate permeability in target coal seams. LogFAC hypothesizes that fractures form the main permeable pathways and as such measurements of fracture porosity are strongly tied to permeability, and that this relationship is reflected in gas production. During drilling operations, drilling fluids invade into the surrounding rock. Because invasion in coal occurs through fractures traversing the impermeable coal matrix, measured of depth of invasion is related in some manner to fracture porosity. Zones of greatest fracture porosity are also be the most permeable and produce the most methane. By using well log and drilling mud data, LogFAC estimates the volume of fluid invaded coal and the amount of fluid available to create this invasion. The larger the fluid to coal ratio, the larger and more well developed the fracture system. Although the software provides measurements in the volume domain and it is tempting to define results as porosity, this thesis demonstrates that permeability, or some aspect more affinitive to permeability than porosity, is being defined. This thesis comprises four chapters. Chapter one examines aspects of the theoretical basis for the software and illustrates experimental results consistent with LogFAC theory. Chapter two examines the ability of the software to correlate existing geophysical well log data to historical coalbed methane production from the San Juan Basin of Colorado and New Mexico. Chapter three illustrates an application of LogFAC as a predictive exploration tool, and outlines a play concept and results from a test drill program that indicates that LogFAC successfully located reservoir quality coals in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The fourth and final chapter summarizes the study and provides recommendations for further research.
Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture
Creators: name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Outlook
subject: agriculture
subject: cereals
subject: oilseeds
subject: bio-fuels
subject: livestock
subject: red meats
subject: milk
subject: dairy products
subject: chicken
subject: turkey
subject: eggs

description: The purpose of this document is to describe the features of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture (previously entitled Medium Term Policy Baseline) covering the period 2007 to 2017. The outlook is an attempt to outline a plausible future of the international and domestic agri-food sectors. It serves as a benchmark for discussion and scenario analysis. The outlook makes specific assumptions and outlines their implications. Since it assumes that policies remain unchanged from existing legislation, the outlook is not a forecast of future events. The medium term assumptions used and published by the OECD/FAO in the Agricultural Outlook 2007-2016 are by in large maintained in the AAFC's international agricultural markets outlook but updated to reflect short term price forecasts produced and released by USDA in October 2007. The world prices generated by this process combined with the macro-economic forecast for Canada published by the Conference Board in September 2007 are the key inputs used to produce the Canadian agricultural markets outlook. The key sectors covered are grains, oilseeds and products, special crops, bio-fuels, beef/cattle, pork/hogs, milk and dairy products, chicken, turkey and eggs
Granular superconductors for high kinetic inductance and low loss quantum devices
Creators: name: Moshe, Aviv Glezer
name: Farber, Eli
name: Deutscher, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granular aluminum is a promising material for high kinetic inductance devices such as qubit circuits. It has the advantage over atomically disordered materials such as NbN_x, to maintain a high kinetic inductance concomitantly with a high quality factor. We show that high quality nano-scale granular aluminum films having a sharp superconducting transition with normal state resistivity values of the order of 1x10^5 μΩcm and kinetic inductance values of the order of 10 nH/sq can be obtained, surpassing state of the art values. We argue that this is a result of the different nature of the metal-to-insulator transition, being electronic correlations driven (Mott type) in the former and disorder driven (Anderson type) in the latter.
description: The following article has been accepted by Applied Physics Letters. After it is published, it will be found at http://apl.aip.org/
The Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Taiwan and South Korea on the Red Meat Industries in Canada and the United States
Creators: name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: red meats
subject: Japan
subject: South Korea
subject: Taiwan
subject: foot and mouth disease
subject: economic impact
subject: pork

description: In addition to trade liberalization, other factors have contributed to the strong growth of red meat production in Canada since the end of the 1980s. In particular, the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Taiwan and in South Korea eliminated two competitors in the Japanese market. This reduction in supply caused an increase in the price of hogs in the United States and Canada of 2.5% and 3% respectively during the 1997 to 2007 period. The higher price stimulated Canadian production by an average of 5%, and by 2% in the United States. Annual agricultural farm receipts from the hog market were greater by an average of $CD 276 million (9%) for a grand total of $CD 3 billion over the 11 years. Moreover, the value added in the red meat processing industry was on average $CD 158 million higher (5%) for a cumulative total of $CD 1.7 billion. Finally, the value of exports of the red meat supply chain is on average $CD 239 million higher (4.4%) for a grand total of $CD 2.6 billion during these 11 years.
Additional file 1 of Quantitative genome-wide association analyses of receptive language in the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study
Creators: name: Nudel, Ron
name: Christiani, Camilla A. J.
name: Ohland, Jessica
name: Md Jamal Uddin
name: Hemager, Nicoline
name: Ellersgaard, Ditte
name: Spang, Katrine S.
name: Burton, Birgitte K.
name: Greve, Aja N.
name: Gantriis, Ditte L.
name: Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas
name: Jepsen, Jens Richardt M.
name: Thorup, Anne A. E.
name: Mors, Ole
name: Werge, Thomas
name: Nordentoft, Merete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Manhattan and QQ plots for the discovery analyses.
Transverse Momentum Dependent Factorization for Radiative Leptonic Decay of B-Meson
Creators: name: Ma, J. P.
name: Wang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a consistent definition of transverse-momentum-dependent(TMD) light-cone wave function of $B$-meson, we show that the amplitude of the radiative leptonic B-decay can be factorized at one-loop level as a convolution with the wave function and a perturbative coefficient function, combined with a soft factor. In this TMD factorization, the transverse momenta of partons in the $B$-meson are taken into account and all soft divergences are contained in the wave function and the soft factor. The coefficient function is infrared-safe. The factorization works on a diagram-by-diagram basis and is possible to extend beyond one loop. With the factorization the large logarithms in the perturbative function can be simply resummed. Our work shows that the result of collinear factorization for the decay can be derived from that of TMD factorization. Therefore, the two factorizations for the case here are simply related to each other.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, typos eliminated, text imporved
Economic Analysis of the Liberalization of Red Meat Markets in the Pacific Region from 1988 to 2007
Creators: name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
name: Gendron, Carole
name: Charlebois, Pierre
name: Gagne, Stephan
name: Gendron, Carole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: liberalization
subject: benefits
subject: red meats
subject: pork
subject: beef
subject: Japan
subject: Korea
subject: Mexico

description: The liberalization of red meat (beef and pork) markets since 1988 is a good example of government action that has led to significant gains for the Canadian and American agri-food industries. Japan, South Korea and Mexico are the main countries that have liberalized their red meat markets since 1988. This industry has also benefited from the agreement between Canada and the United States. It has also made gain from the liberalization of the pork market in Australia and the Philippines, and the beef market in Indonesia. This analysis captures the impact on the price received by farmers as well as on Canadian production in the absence of these increased market access. The combination of lower prices and lower production would have caused annual average decreases in farm cash receipts drawn from the cattle and hog market equal to C$776 million and C$486 million, respectively, for a grand total of C$25.7 billion over this 20-year period (1988-2007) for the entire agriculture industry. Additionally, the value added of the red meat processing industry would have dropped by an average of C$432 million per year, for a total loss of C$8.6 billion. Finally, the value of exports of the red meat supply chain would have dropped by an average of C$1.044 billion per year, for a grand total of C$21 billion over this 20-year period.
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Norboyeva, Sevara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Despite medical advances, hypertension remains underdiagnosed and poorly controlled in many populations, leading to severe complications such as stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management strategies of arterial hypertension, with a particular focus on its public health implications. Through a comprehensive review of current research, this thesis emphasizes the critical need for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to reduce the global burden of hypertension.
Distinct Ultrafast Electronic and Magnetic Response in M-edge Magnetic Circular Dichroism
Creators: name: Yao, Kelvin
name: Willems, Felix
name: Schmising, Clemens von Korff
name: Radu, Ilie
name: Strueber, Christian
name: Schick, Daniel
name: Engel, Dieter
name: Tsukamoto, Arata
name: Dewhurst, J. K.
name: Sharma, Sangeeta
name: Eisebitt, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental investigations of ultrafast magnetization dynamics increasingly employ resonant magnetic spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral range. Besides allowing to disentangle the element-specific transient response of functional magnetic systems, these techniques also promise to access attosecond to few-femtosecond dynamics of spin excitations. Here, we report on a systematic study of transient magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) on the transition metals Fe, Co and Ni as well as on a FeNi and GdFe alloy and reveal a delayed onset between the electronic and magnetic response. Supported by \textit{ab-initio} calculations, we attribute our observation to a transient energy shift of the absorption and MCD spectra at the corresponding elemental resonances due to non-equilibrium changes of electron occupations.
description: 8 figures
Die Fresken in Deir-es-Sujânî
Creators: name: Johann Georg, Sachsen
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 11 Nr. 1 (1913): Oriens christianus, Band 11, Heft 1
An accelerated closed universe
Creators: name: del Campo, Sergio
name: Cataldo, Mauricio
name: Pena, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model in which a closed universe with dust and quintessence matter components may look like an accelerated flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe at low redshifts. Several quantities relevant to the model are expressed in terms of observed density parameters, $Ω_M$ and $Ω_Λ$, and of the associated density parameter $Ω_Q$ related to the quintessence scalar field $Q$.
description: 11 pages. For a festschrift honoring Alberto Garcia. To appear in Gen. Rel. Grav
Public Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in the Southern United States
Creators: name: Jung, Suhyun
name: Cho, Seong-Hoon
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Jung, Suhyun
name: Cho, Seong-Hoon
name: Roberts, Roland K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: government expenditure
subject: GWR
subject: poverty
subject: southern United States

description: The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of education, health and hospital, parks and recreation, and public welfare expenditures on poverty, focusing particularly on how these relationships change over space and time. Government expenditure on parks and recreation has been the single most effective government expenditure category over time, although the marginal effects of the government expenditure on poverty alleviation have weakened over time. Clusters of the highest marginal effects of government expenditures on poverty reduction were identified for each time period using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and analysis of local indicators of spatial association (LISA)
Additional file 7 of Meta-analysis for milk fat and protein percentage using imputed sequence variant genotypes in 94,321 cattle from eight cattle breeds
Creators: name: Berg, Irene Van Den
name: Ruidong Xiang
name: Jenko, Janez
name: Pausch, Hubert
name: Mekki Boussaha
name: Schrooten, Chris
name: Tribout, Thierry
name: Gjuvsland, Arne B.
name: Boichard, Didier
name: Nordbø, Øyvind
name: Sanchez, Marie-Pierre
name: Goddard, Mike E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S3 and Table S4. Correlations between effects estimated in within population GWAS. Tables S3 and S4 show the results for fat percentage and protein percentage, respectively; above the diagonal = all variants, below the diagonal = significant variants (p ≤ 10−8). AUSB = Australian bull dataset, AUSC = Australian cow dataset, HOLF = French Holstein, MON = Montbéliarde, NOR = Normande, NR = Norwegian Red, HOLG = German Holstein, BRAU = Braunvieh, FLCK = Fleckvieh.
Phenomenology of inclusive $\bar{B}\to X_s \ell^+ \ell^-$ for the Belle II era
Creators: name: Huber, Tobias
name: Hurth, Tobias
name: Jenkins, Jack
name: Lunghi, Enrico
name: Qin, Qin
name: Vos, K. Keri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the first data being recorded at Belle II, we are at the brink of a new era in quark flavour physics. The many exciting new opportunities for Belle~II include a full angular analysis of inclusive ${\bar B \to X_{s} \, \ell^+\ell^-}$ which has the potential to reveal new physics, in particular by its interplay with the exclusive $b \to s \ell^+\ell^-$ counterparts studied extensively at LHCb. In this paper, we present fully updated Standard Model predictions for all angular observables necessary for this endeavour. These predictions are tailored to Belle II and include an elaborate study of the treatment of collinear photons which become crucial when aiming for the highest precision. In addition, we present a phenomenological study of the potential for Belle II to reveal possible new physics in the inclusive decay channel, both in an independent manner and in combination with exclusive modes.
description: match the published version
The Role of Media in Shaping the Consumers’ Food Risk Perception and Behavior: A Case Study of Spinach Recall
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: A clear understanding of consumers’ perception and attitude toward food risk and their behavior to food recall is important in order to develop an effective crisis management program at the firm level as well as at the government level. This study will develop food risk profiles of US consumers based on their perceived food safety risk and attitude toward food safety. The role of media usage in shaping the risk profile will be examined. The preliminary results suggest that the risk profiles of households were shaped by media usage. While the “accountables” were more likely to search internet or get news from internet, the “conservatives” usually watched news on local TV.
Pion-Xi correlations in Au-Au collisions at STAR
Creators: name: Chaloupka, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present pion-Xi correlation analysis in Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)= 200 GeV and sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 GeV, performed using the STAR detector at RHIC. A Xi*(1530) resonance signal is observed for the first time in Au-Au collisions. Experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions. The strength of the Xi* peak is reproduced in the correlation function assuming that pions and Xis emerge from a system in collective expansion.
description: To appear in the proceedings of 18th Nuclear Physics Division Conference of the EPS (NPDC18),Prague, 23.8.-29.8. 2004
Cost Analysis of Alternative Harvest, Storage and Transportation Methods for Delivering Switchgrass to a Biorefinery from the Farmers’ perspective
Creators: name: Wang, Chenguang
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Wang, Chenguang
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: switchgrass
subject: baling
subject: storage
subject: transport
subject: costs
subject: farm
subject: biorefinery

description: Switchgrass for bioenergy production will require substantial storage. This study evaluated costs of alternative baling and on-farm storage systems. Rectangular bales minimize cost if switchgrass is processed immediately after harvest. However, round bales minimize cost if switchgrass is stored under cover for 200 days before transporting to the biorefinery
An examination of the role of sediment surface area in controlling the preservation of organic matter in a paralic environment and its influence on petroleum source rock formation and contaminant adsorption, Howe Sound, British Columbia
Creators: name: Adams, Rupert Spencer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Howe Sound, a glacial fjord situated between Vancouver and Squamish, British Columbia, is subject to a semi-restricted, estuarine type flow regime that results in easily quantifiable sources for the organic matter present in the sediments. Therefore, it was chosen as an ideal location to examine the effects of sediment surface area on the preservation of organic matter and industrial pollutants in the paralic environment. A variety of surface sediment and core samples were retrieved and analyzed for organic content and surface area, as well as other sediment biomarkers and organic pollutant concentration. The role of sediment surface area as a key factor in the preservation of organic matter in marine sediments was then assessed both on historical and geological time-scales, in terms of its potential for generating petroleum source rocks. Organic carbon content of sediments within the study area ranges from 0.1-11 wt.%; a carbon/total nitrogen ratio (C[sub org]/N) of 6-24 in conjunction with other sediment parameters such as δ¹³ C[sub org] and electron microscopy, confirmed a dominant terrestrial signature for the organic fraction of the sediments collected. Sediment surface area varies between 0.5-22 m²/g depending on sample type, location, depth and grain size distribution. Good correlation between surface area and organic carbon in bulk sediments and size fractionated sediments suggests that organic matter is adsorbed to mineral grain surfaces. Correlation between dioxins, furans and surface area varies from r² = 0.23-0.54 in bulk samples, up to r²=0.99 in size fractionated sediments, suggesting that organochlorine pollutant concentration is also linked to sediment surface area. Mineralogy and elemental composition did not appear to correlate with TOC concentration, but additional factors such as molecular chlorination and sample depth did appear to influence the correlation between organochlorine pollutants and surface area. However, in all cases sediment surface area appeared to be the primary factor that governed the preservation of organic matter and industrial pollutants within the study area.
Slow Roll in Brane Inflation
Creators: name: Shandera, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the issue of slow-roll in string theory models of inflation. Using a Kähler transformation and results from the D3-D7 model, we show why we expect flat directions to be present and slow-roll to be possible in general. We connect with earlier discussions of shift symmetry for $T^6/Z_2$ and $K3\times T^2/Z_2$ compactifications. We also collect various contributions to the inflationary potential and discuss their importance for slow-roll. We include a few simple checks of the form of the Kahler potential on $T^6/Z_2$ using T-duality.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure references added
Radiative decay of bound electron pairs into unbound interacting electrons in 2D materials with two-band spectrum
Creators: name: Shchamkhalova, Bagun S.
name: Sablikov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound electron pairs (BEPs) arising due to peculiarities of the band structure of topologically nontrivial materials are of interest as charge and spin carriers with energies in the band gap. Moreover, being composite bosons, BEPs can also possess completely unusual collective properties. In this regard, of highest importance is the problem of their decay time. The processes of radiative decay of BEPs are studied, considering the electron-electron interaction in the final state, into which the BEPs decay. It is found that the decay time of singlet BEPs lies in the nanosecond range. The radiative decay of triplet BEPs is impossible.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Physica Status Solidi B
Market Structure and the Penetration of Alternative Energy Technologies
Creators: name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: energy
subject: solar technologies
subject: fossil fuels
subject: price thresholds
subject: regulation
subject: environmental damage
subject: learning by doing

description: Energy market prices ignore external effects, hence miss-allocate energy generation between (polluting) fossil fuels and (clean) solar technologies. Correcting the failure requires understanding the market allocation forces at hand. An important feature of solar energy is that its cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investments in capital infrastructure (rather than to the actual supply rate) and this feature has far reaching implications for the market allocation outcome. Studying the market allocation process, we specify the conditions under which solar technologies penetrate the energy sector. The framework is then used to analyze policy regulation in the form of taxing fossil energy and subsidizing investments in solar energy. The first policy measure addresses undesirable environmental effects associated with the use of fossil fuels and the second internalizes the benefits of learning by doing in the solar industry. Under certain conditions, a temporary subsidy on solar energy investments gives rise to a flourishing, self-sustained solar industry that will (eventually) drive fossil energy out of production.
The Influence of Reaction Rates on the Final p-Abundances
Creators: name: Rapp, W.
name: Wiescher, M.
name: Schatz, H.
name: Käppeler, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The astrophysical p-process is responsible for the origin of the proton rich nuclei,which are heavier than iron. A huge network involving thousands of reaction rates is necessary to calculate the final p-abundances. But not all rates included in the network have a strong influence on the p-nuclei abundances. The p-process was investigated using a full nuclear reaction network for a type II supernovae explosion when the shock front passes through the O/Ne layer. Calculations were done with a multi-layer model adopting the seed of a pre-explosion evolution of a 25 mass star. In extensive simulations we investigated the impact of single reaction rates on the final p-abundances. The results are important for the strategy of future experiments in this field.
description: 4 pages
Conformal Sigma-Models on Supercoset Targets
Creators: name: Kagan, David
name: Young, Charles A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum behaviour of sigma models on coset superspaces G/H defined by Z_{2n} gradings of G. We find that, whenever G has vanishing Killing form, there is a choice of WZ term which renders the model quantum conformal, at least to one loop. The choice coincides with that for which the model is known to be classically integrable. This generalizes results for models associated to Z_4 gradings, including IIB superstrings in AdS_5\times S^5.
description: 16 pages, corrected footnote 4 and minor typos, added references
Additional file 1 of Meta-analysis for milk fat and protein percentage using imputed sequence variant genotypes in 94,321 cattle from eight cattle breeds
Creators: name: Berg, Irene Van Den
name: Ruidong Xiang
name: Jenko, Janez
name: Pausch, Hubert
name: Mekki Boussaha
name: Schrooten, Chris
name: Tribout, Thierry
name: Gjuvsland, Arne B.
name: Boichard, Didier
name: Nordbø, Øyvind
name: Sanchez, Marie-Pierre
name: Goddard, Mike E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Manhattan plots of within-population GWAS for fat and protein percentage. The red line indicates p = 10−8.
Dependences of the van der Waals atom-wall interaction on atomic and material properties
Creators: name: Caride, A. O.
name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
name: Zanette, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1%-accurate calculations of the van der Waals interaction between an atom and a cavity wall are performed in the separation region from 3 nm to 150 nm. The cases of metastable He${}^{\ast}$ and Na atoms near the metal, semiconductor or dielectric walls are considered. Different approximations to the description of wall material and atomic dynamic polarizability are carefully compared. The smooth transition to the Casimir-Polder interaction is verified. It is shown that to obtain accurate results for the atom-wall van der Waals interaction at shortest separations with an error less than 1% one should use the complete optical tabulated data for the complex refraction index of the wall material and the accurate dynamic polarizability of an atom. The obtained results may be useful for the theoretical interpretation of recent experiments on quantum reflection and Bose-Einstein condensation of ultracold atoms on or near surfaces of different nature.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Bush Meets Hotelling: Effects of Improved Renewable Energy Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Creators: name: Hoel, Michael
name: Hoel, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Change
subject: Exhaustible Resources
subject: Renewable Energy

description: Fossil fuels are non-renewable carbon resources, and the extraction path of these resources depends both on present and future demand. When this “Hotelling feature” is taken into consideration, the whole price path of carbon fuel will shift downwards as a response to the reduced cost of the renewable substitute. An implication of this is that greenhouse gas emissions in the near future may increase as a response to the reduced cost of the renewable substitute. If this is the case, increased climate costs may outweigh the benefits of reduced costs of a substitute, thus reducing overall social welfare.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
The Crab Nebula's Wisps in Radio and Optical
Creators: name: Bietenholz, M. F.
name: Hester, J. J.
name: Frail, D. A.
name: Bartel, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present four new, high-resolution VLA radio images of the Crab nebula, taken between 2001 Feb. and Apr. The radio images show systematic variability in the Crab's radio emission throughout the region near the pulsar. The principal geometry of the variable features is that of elliptical ripples very similar to the optical wisps. The radio wisps are seen to move systematically outward with projected speeds of up to 0.3c. Comparing the new radio images to our earlier ones from 1998 and 2000, we show there are also more slowly moving features somewhat farther away from the pulsar. In particular, there is a prominent moving feature to the northwest of the pulsar which has a projected speed of order 10,000 km/s. Striation is seen throughout the nebula, suggesting the presence of wave-like disturbances propagating through the synchrotron bubble. The radio images were taken simultaneously with HST optical observations. Comparing the radio to the optical images, we find that the radio wisps are sometimes displaced from the optical ones or have no optical counterparts. We also find that some optical wisps in particular, the brightest optical wisps near the pulsar, do not seem to have radio counterparts. In the exterior of the nebula, by contrast, there is generally a good correspondence between the radio and optical features.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages, 6 figures, Fig. 4 in colour. Supplementary material: mpeg animations accompanying Figs. 1 and 3 (download source from "other formats" to get mpegs). Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Typos fixed from previous version
Relaxing constraints on data acquisition and position detection for trap stiffness calibration in optical tweezers
Creators: name: Melo, Bruno
name: Almeida, Felipe
name: Temporão, Guilherme
name: Guerreiro, Thiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical tweezers find applications in various fields, ranging from biology to physics. One of the fundamental steps necessary to perform quantitative measurements using trapped particles is the calibration of the tweezer's spring constant. This can be done through power spectral density analysis, from forward scattering detection of the particle's position. In this work, we propose and experimentally test simplifications to such measurement procedure, aimed at reducing post-processing of recorded data and dealing with acquisition devices that have frequency-dependent electronic noise. In the same line of simplifying the tweezer setup, we also present a knife-edge detection scheme that can substitute standard position-sensitive detectors.
THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF DISCITIS AND SPINAL INFECTIONS
Creators: name: Sattorov, Bekhruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Discitis and spinal infections are frequently encountered in spinal surgery, but their diagnosis and management can be complex. Early identification and treatment typically result in favorable patient outcomes, often avoiding the need for surgery. However, delayed cases with neurological impairment constitute a surgical emergency, necessitating urgent intervention to prevent permanent spinal cord damage and deformities. A multidisciplinary approach, including collaboration between surgeons and microbiologists, can help avert the need for surgery. This review article discusses the essential elements of diagnosing and managing discitis and spinal infections, drawing on the latest literature and evidence.
Energy injection in pre-recombination era and EDGES detection
Creators: name: Brahma, Nirmalya
name: Sethi, Shiv
name: Sista, Shivnag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of explaining the recent EDGES detection by an energy injection in the pre-recombination era. Our aim is to show that the residue of this energy injection could give the resultant increase in the energy density at frequencies $x_e \equiv hν/(kT) \simeq 10^{-3}$, which is needed to explain the EDGES result. We consider two models of energy injection: Gaussian profile with a fixed redshift of injection and radiative decay of a non-relativistic particle. We show that the energy injection should occur in the redshift range $z\lesssim 4 \times 10^3$ to prevent free-free processes from thermalizing the injected energy. The injected energy should be nearly 200--1000 times the CMB intensity at $x_e \simeq 10^{-3}$ to obtain the requisite residue. A large fraction of the injected energy gets thermalized and therefore distorts the CMB spectrum. We compute CMB spectral distortion for both the models and show that the fractional change in CMB energy density, $Δρ_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle CMB}/ρ_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle CMB} \simeq 10^{-6}$, which might be detectable with the proposed experiment PIXIE. We also outline the implication of our proposed scenario for CMB anisotropies.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures; V3: references added
Externality, Efficiency, and Equity Related to Agricultural Research Expenditures
Creators: name: White, Fred C.
name: White, Fred C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Research aimed at increasing agricultural productivity is provided by both private and public sectors. While the private sector's contribution to agricultural research is significant, provision of these activities solely by the private sector would not be optimal because of the existence of various types of market failure. Externalities or spillovers, which are commonly cited as a major form of market failure, clearly are evident with some types of agricultural research. Private firms would be able to capture only a portion of the benefits resulting from such research activities. It is well known that private markets may produce inefficient output levels in the face of these externalities. Government involvement in this area, therefore, may be necessary in order to correct for potential inefficiencies and inequities that would otherwise occur. However, the problems associated with externalities from agricultural research are not eliminated simply by having the government provide the service. Benefits resulting from publicly provided research accrue not only to the producers in the state in which the research is conducted but also may spillover to producers in other states. This type of spillover from agricultural research expenditures has been recognized in a number of previous studies. However, agricultural producers capture only part of the total benefits resulting from agricultural research activities. Consumers benefit as a result of expanded farm production and attendant lower prices. Thus, benefits from efforts to increase agricultural productivity may accrue both within the state conducting the research and in other states, as well. The pervasive nature of agricultural research results affects the efficient allocation of resources and equitable financing of expenditures to improve productivity in agriculture. The overall objective of this paper is to conceptually examine the impact of externalities associated with publicly provided production-oriented agricultural research activities. Policy implications resulting from externalities will be explored. Particular attention will be focused on the efficient allocation of agricultural research and its equitable financing while accounting for externalities.
The Standard Cosmological Model
Creators: name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP) is an enormously successful description of high energy physics, driving ever more precise measurements to find "physics beyond the standard model", as well as providing motivation for developing more fundamental ideas that might explain the values of its parameters. Simultaneously, a description of the entire 3-dimensional structure of the present-day Universe is being built up painstakingly. Most of the structure is stochastic in nature, being merely the result of the particular realisation of the "initial conditions" within our observable Universe patch. However, governing this structure is the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC), which appears to require only about a dozen parameters. Cosmologists are now determining the values of these quantities with increasing precision in order to search for "physics beyond the standard model", as well as trying to develop an understanding of the more fundamental ideas which might explain the values of its parameters. Although it is natural to see analogies between the two Standard Models, some intrinsic differences also exist, which are discussed here. Nevertheless, a truly fundamental theory will have to explain both the SMPP and SMC, and this must include an appreciation of which elements are deterministic and which are accidental. Considering different levels of stochasticity within cosmology may make it easier to accept that physical parameters in general might have a non-deterministic aspect.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at "Theory Canada 1", June 2005, Vancouver