cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: VII. APOGEE DR17 [C/N]-Age Calibration
Creators: name: Spoo, Taylor
name: Tayar, Jamie
name: Frinchaboy, Peter M.
name: Cunha, Katia
name: Myers, Natalie
name: Donor, John
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.
name: Jonsson, Henrik
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Longa-Pena, Penelope
name: Roman-Lopes, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale surveys open the possibility to investigate Galactic evolution both chemically and kinematically, however, reliable stellar ages remain a major challenge. Detailed chemical information provided by high-resolution spectroscopic surveys of the stars in clusters can be used as a means to calibrate recently developed chemical tools for age-dating field stars. Using data from the Open Cluster Abundances and Mapping (OCCAM) survey, based on the SDSS/APOGEE-2 survey, we derive a new empirical relationship between open cluster stellar ages and the carbon-to-nitrogen ([C/N]) abundance ratios for evolved stars, primarily those on the red giant branch. With this calibration, [C/N] can be used a chemical clock for evolved field stars to investigate the formation and evolution of different parts of our Galaxy. We explore how mixing effects at different stellar evolutionary phases, like the red clump, affect the derived calibration. We have established the [C/N]-age calibration for APOGEE DR17 giant star abundances to be $\log[Age({\rm yr})]_{\rm DR17} = 10.14 \, (\pm 0.08) + 2.23\,(\pm 0.19) \, {\rm [C/N]}$, usable for $8.62 \leq \log(Age[{\rm yr}]) \leq 9.82$, derived from a uniform sample of 49 clusters observed as part of APOGEE DR17 applicable primarily to metal-rich, thin and thick disk giant stars. This measured [C/N]-age APOGEE DR17 calibration is also shown to be consistent with astereoseismic ages derived from Kepler photometry.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted Astronomical Journal
title: Natural disasters and poverty
Creators: name: Hashem Zehi, Samuel David Rahim
Year: 2024

description: Diese Arbeit konstruiert ein mikroökonomisch basiertes Modell einer Makroökonomie mit dem Ziel den Prozess der wirtschaftlichen Erholung nach einer Naturkatastrophe zu modellieren. Dieser Prozess wird durch einen Versicherungsmechanismus für Kapital beeinflusst, zu welchem nur reiche Agenten Zugriff haben. Dieser restriktierte Zugriff wird durch einen Minimalwert für Kapital modelliert. Um die stochastische Natur der Naturkatastrophen in das Modell einzubinden werden diese durch einen Markow-Prozes implementiert. Der Mechanismus durch den die Naturkatastrophe die Ökonomie beeinflusst ist ein temporärer Verlust von Arbeitsproduktivität, und eine Reduktion des Kapitals. Das primäre Ergebnis ist die Existenz von zwei Gleichgewichten in der Ökonomie, von denen nur eines auch über längere Zeiträume hinweg gehalten werden kann, da Naturkatastrophen das verfügbare Kapital zerstören. Ursprünglich reiche Agenten konvergieren zum identischen Gleichgewicht wie ursprünglich arme Agenten, allerdings mit höherer Geschwindigkeit. Die relativen Verluste von Lebenszeit-Wohlfahrt verursacht durch Naturkatastrophen sind marginal stärker für ursprünglich reiche Agenten. In einer alternativen Modellkalibrierung mit verringerten Schäden des Kapitals existiert ein einzigartiges wirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht in dem alle Agenten genug Kapital halten um Zugriff zum Versicherungsmechanismus zu haben. Während der Erholung von einer Naturkatastrophe verzichten Agenten temporär stärker auf Konsum, sobald sie sich nahe genug an die benötigte Schwelle angenähert haben.
description: This paper builds on a micro-founded macroeconomic framework to investigate how insurance access, restricted to only wealthy agents by introducing a minimum capital stock threshold, affects post-disaster recovery patterns across socioeconomic classes. A Markov chain modeling approach is used to capture the stochastic behavior of natural disasters, with their effects being a temporary reduction in labor productivity and damage to the current capital stock. The main finding is that two steady-states exists in the economy, with only one being sustainable across time, due to the damages done to the capital stock by the natural disaster. Initially rich agents converge to the same steady-state as previously poor agents, with the only difference being the recovery speed. The relative lifetime-welfare losses caused by a natural disaster for rich agents are marginally bigger than for the poor. If the damage from natural disasters were to be reduced, a sustainable steady-state can be found in which the agent can always access the insurance. The insurance access-threshold is enough to incentivise agents to temporarily reduce consumption in the recovery process when the capital stock is sufficiently close to the threshold.
Empirical limb-darkening coefficients & transit parameters of known exoplanets from TESS
Creators: name: Patel, Jayshil A.
name: Espinoza, Néstor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the main goal of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (\textit{TESS}) is to search for new transiting exoplanets, its data can also be used to study in further detail already known systems. The \textit{TESS} bandpass is particularly interesting to study the limb-darkening effect of the stellar host which is imprinted in transit lightcurves, as the widely used \textsc{phoenix} and \textsc{atlas} stellar models predict different limb-darkening profiles. Here we study this effect by fitting the transit lightcurves of 176 known exoplanetary systems observed by \textit{TESS}, which allows us to extract empirical limb-darkening coefficients (LDCs) for the widely used quadratic law, but also updated transit parameters (including ephemerides refinements) as a byproduct. Comparing our empirically obtained LDCs with theoretical predictions, we find significant offsets when using tabulated \textit{TESS} LDCs. Specifically, the $u_2$ coefficients obtained using \textsc{phoenix} models show the largest discrepancies depending on the method used to derive them, with offsets that can reach up to $Δu_2 \approx 0.2$ on average. Most of those average offsets disappear, however, if one uses the SPAM algorithm introduced by Howarth (2011) to calculate the LDCs instead. Our results suggest, however, that for stars cooler than about 5000 K, no methodology is good enough to explain the limb-darkening effect: we observe a sharp deviation between measured and predicted LDCs on both quadratic LDCs of order $Δu_1, Δu_2 \approx 0.2$ for those cool stars. We recommend caution when assuming limb-darkening coefficients as perfectly known thus, in particular for these cooler stars when analyzing \textit{TESS} transit lightcurves.
description: 33 pages, 22 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Irradiated but not eclipsed, the case of PSR J0610-2100
Creators: name: van der Wateren, E.
name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Clark, C. J.
name: Breton, R. P.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Guillemot, L.
name: Janssen, G. H.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Theureau, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on radio timing observations of the black widow binary pulsar J0610$-$2100 and optical observations of its binary companion. The radio timing observations extend the timing baseline to 16yr and reveal a marginal detection of the orbital period derivative, but they show no significant evidence of orbital variations such as those seen in other black widow pulsars. Furthermore, no eclipses are seen in the observations at observing frequencies ranging from 310 to 2700MHz. The optical VRI light curves were modulated with the orbital period, reaching maximum brightness of $V=26.8$, $R=25.4$, and $I=23.8$ at superior conjunction of the companion, confirming irradiation of the companion by the pulsar. Modelling the light curves indicates that the companion is likely not filling its Roche lobe, while having a moderate inclination ($i > 54\degr$). We find an unusually low temperature and a low irradiation for the irradiated hemisphere of the companion. We investigate the absence of radio eclipses in PSR J0610-2100 and in other black widow systems in relation to their binary, pulsar, and companion properties. We also discuss the suitability of PSR J0610-2100 for pulsar timing array observations aimed at detecting nano-Hertz gravitational waves.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication by A&A
Developing injury indicators for First Nations and Inuit children and youth in Canada : a modified Delphi approach
Creators: name: Pike, Ian, 1958-
name: McDonald, R. J.
name: Piedt, Shannon
name: Macpherson, Alison
Publisher: name: Public Health Agency of Canada
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: The purpose of this research was to take the initial step in developing valid indicators that reflect the injury issues facing First Nations and Inuit children and youth in Canada. Methods: Using a modified-Delphi process, relevant expert and community stakeholders rated each indicator on its perceived usefulness and ability to prompt action to reduce injury among children and youth in indigenous communities. The Delphi process included 5 phases and resulted in a refined set of 27 indicators. Results: Indicators related to motorized vehicle collisions, mortality and hospitalization rates were rated the most useful and most likely to prompt action. These were followed by indicators for community injury prevention training and response systems, violent and inflicted injury, burns and falls, and suicide. Conclusion: The results suggest that a broad-based modified-Delphi process is a practical and appropriate method, within the OCAP™ (Ownership, Control, Access and Possession) principles, for developing a proposed set of indicators for injury prevention activity focused on First Nations and Inuit children and youth. Following additional work to validate and populate the indicators, it is anticipated that communities will utilize them to monitor injury and prompt decisions and action to reduce injuries among children and youth.
Determining clinically relevant features in cytometry data using persistent homology
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Soham
name: Wethington, Darren
name: Dey, Tamal K.
name: Das, Jayajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: J.3

description: Cytometry experiments yield high-dimensional point cloud data that is difficult to interpret manually. Boolean gating techniques coupled with comparisons of relative abundances of cellular subsets is the current standard for cytometry data analysis. However, this approach is unable to capture more subtle topological features hidden in data, especially if those features are further masked by data transforms or significant batch effects or donor-to-donor variations in clinical data. Analysis of publicly available cytometry data describing non-naïve CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls shows that systematic structural differences exist between single cell protein expressions in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. We identify proteins of interest by a decision-tree based classifier, sample points randomly and compute persistence diagrams from these sampled points. The resulting persistence diagrams identify regions in cytometry datasets of varying density and identify protruded structures such as `elbows'. We compute Wasserstein distances between these persistence diagrams for random pairs of healthy controls and COVID-19 patients and find that systematic structural differences exist between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls in the expression data for T-bet, Eomes, and Ki-67. Further analysis shows that expression of T-bet and Eomes are significantly downregulated in COVID-19 patient non-naïve CD8+ T cells compared to healthy controls. This counter-intuitive finding may indicate that canonical effector CD8+ T cells are less prevalent in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls. This method is applicable to any cytometry dataset for discovering novel insights through topological data analysis which may be difficult to ascertain otherwise with a standard gating strategy or existing bioinformatic tools.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Supplementary information contains 15 pages and 17 figures. To be published in PLOS Computational Biology
Deep Learning for 1-Bit Compressed Sensing-based Superimposed CSI Feedback
Creators: name: Qing, Chaojin
name: Ye, Qing
name: Cai, Bin
name: Liu, Wenhui
name: Wang, Jiafan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In frequency-division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, 1-bit compressed sensing (CS)-based superimposed channel state information (CSI) feedback has shown many advantages, while still faces many challenges, such as low accuracy of the downlink CSI recovery and large processing delays. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a deep learning (DL) scheme to improve the 1-bit compressed sensing-based superimposed CSI feedback. On the user side, the downlink CSI is compressed with the 1-bit CS technique, superimposed on the uplink user data sequences (UL-US), and then sent back to the base station (BS). At the BS, based on the model-driven approach and assisted by the superimposition-interference cancellation technology, a multi-task detection network is first constructed for detecting both the UL-US and downlink CSI. In particular, this detection network is jointly trained to detect the UL-US and downlink CSI simultaneously, capturing a globally optimized network parameter. Then, with the recovered bits for the downlink CSI, a lightweight reconstruction scheme, which consists of an initial feature extraction of the downlink CSI with the simplified traditional method and a single hidden layer network, is utilized to reconstruct the downlink CSI with low processing delay. Compared with the 1-bit CS-based superimposed CSI feedback scheme, the proposed scheme improves the recovery accuracy of the UL-US and downlink CSI with lower processing delay and possesses robustness against parameter variations.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
DIAS: A Domain-Independent Alife-Based Problem-Solving System
Creators: name: Hodjat, Babak
name: Shahrzad, Hormoz
name: Miikkulainen, Risto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A domain-independent problem-solving system based on principles of Artificial Life is introduced. In this system, DIAS, the input and output dimensions of the domain are laid out in a spatial medium. A population of actors, each seeing only part of this medium, solves problems collectively in it. The process is independent of the domain and can be implemented through different kinds of actors. Through a set of experiments on various problem domains, DIAS is shown able to solve problems with different dimensionality and complexity, to require no hyperparameter tuning for new problems, and to exhibit lifelong learning, i.e. adapt rapidly to run-time changes in the problem domain, and do it better than a standard non-collective approach. DIAS therefore demonstrates a role for Alife in building scalable, general, and adaptive problem-solving systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The importance of the way in which supernova energy is distributed around young stellar populations in simulations of galaxies
Creators: name: Chaikin, Evgenii
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Bahé, Yannick M.
name: Nobels, Folkert S. J.
name: Ploeckinger, Sylvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova (SN) feedback plays a crucial role in simulations of galaxy formation. Because blastwaves from individual SNe occur on scales that remain unresolved in modern cosmological simulations, SN feedback must be implemented as a subgrid model. Differences in the manner in which SN energy is coupled to the local interstellar medium and in which excessive radiative losses are prevented have resulted in a zoo of models used by different groups. However, the importance of the selection of resolution elements around young stellar particles for SN feedback has largely been overlooked. In this work, we examine various selection methods using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code SWIFT. We run a suite of isolated disk galaxy simulations of a Milky Way-mass galaxy and small cosmological volumes, all with the thermal stochastic SN feedback model used in the EAGLE simulations. We complement the original mass-weighted neighbour selection with a novel algorithm guaranteeing that the SN energy distribution is as close to isotropic as possible. Additionally, we consider algorithms where the energy is injected into the closest, least dense, or most dense neighbour. We show that different neighbour-selection strategies cause significant variations in star formation rates, gas densities, wind mass loading factors, and galaxy morphology. The isotropic method results in more efficient feedback than the conventional mass-weighted selection. We conclude that the manner in which the feedback energy is distributed among the resolution elements surrounding a feedback event is as important as changing the amount of energy by factors of a few.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures (including appendix); Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Linguistically inspired roadmap for building biologically reliable protein language models
Creators: name: Vu, Mai Ha
name: Akbar, Rahmad
name: Robert, Philippe A.
name: Swiatczak, Bartlomiej
name: Greiff, Victor
name: Sandve, Geir Kjetil
name: Haug, Dag Trygve Truslew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural-network-based language models (LMs) are increasingly applied to large-scale protein sequence data to predict protein function. However, being largely black-box models and thus challenging to interpret, current protein LM approaches do not contribute to a fundamental understanding of sequence-function mappings, hindering rule-based biotherapeutic drug development. We argue that guidance drawn from linguistics, a field specialized in analytical rule extraction from natural language data, can aid with building more interpretable protein LMs that are more likely to learn relevant domain-specific rules. Differences between protein sequence data and linguistic sequence data require the integration of more domain-specific knowledge in protein LMs compared to natural language LMs. Here, we provide a linguistics-based roadmap for protein LM pipeline choices with regard to training data, tokenization, token embedding, sequence embedding, and model interpretation. Incorporating linguistic ideas into protein LMs enables the development of next-generation interpretable machine-learning models with the potential of uncovering the biological mechanisms underlying sequence-function relationships.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures
Light-Induced Ferromagnetism in Moiré Superlattices
Creators: name: Wang, Xi
name: Xiao, Chengxin
name: Park, Heonjoon
name: Zhu, Jiayi
name: Wang, Chong
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Xiao, Di
name: Gamelin, Daniel R.
name: Yao, Wang
name: Xu, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body interactions between carriers lie at the heart of correlated physics. The ability to tune such interactions would open the possibility to access and control complex electronic phase diagrams on demand. Recently, moiré superlattices formed by two-dimensional materials have emerged as a promising platform for quantum engineering such phenomena. The power of the moiré system lies in the high tunability of its physical parameters by tweaking layer twist angle, electrical field, moiré carrier filling, and interlayer coupling. Here, we report that optical excitation can drastically tune the spin-spin interactions between moiré trapped carriers, resulting in ferromagnetic order in WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattices over a small range of doping at elevated temperatures. Near the filling factor v = -1/3 (i.e., one hole per three moiré unit cells), as the excitation power at the exciton resonance increases, a well-developed hysteresis loop emerges in the reflective magnetic circular dichroism (RMCD) signal as a function of magnetic field, a hallmark of ferromagnetism. The hysteresis loop persists down to charge neutrality, and its shape evolves as the moiré superlattice is gradually filled, indicating changes of magnetic ground state properties. The observed phenomenon points to a mechanism in which itinerant photo-excited excitons mediate exchange coupling between moiré trapped holes. This exciton-mediated interaction can be of longer range than direct coupling between moiré trapped holes, and thus magnetic order can arise even in the dilute hole regime under optical excitation. This discovery adds a new and dynamic tuning knob to the rich many-body Hamiltonian of moiré quantum matter.
Efficiency Studies of Fast Neutron Tracking using MCNP
Creators: name: Chu, Pinghan
name: James, Michael R.
name: Wang, Zhehui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast neutron identification and spectroscopy is of great interest to nuclear physics experiments. Using the neutron elastic scattering, the fast neutron momentum can be measured. (Wang and Morris, 2013) introduced the theoretical concept that the initial fast neutron momentum can be derived from up to three consecutive elastic collisions between the neutron and the target, including the information of two consecutive recoil ion tracks and the vertex position of the third collision or two consecutive elastic collisions with the timing information. Here we also include the additional possibility of measuring the deposited energies from the recoil ions. In this paper, we simulate the neutron elastic scattering using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) and study the corresponding neutron detection and tracking efficiency. The corresponding efficiency and the scattering distances are simulated with different target materials, especially natural silicon (92.23$\%$ $^{28}$Si, 4.67$\%$ $^{29}$Si, and 3.1$\%$ $^{30}$Si) and helium-4 ($^4$He). The timing of collision and the recoil ion energy are also investigated, which are important characters for the detector design. We also calculate the ion travelling range for different energies using the software, "The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM)", showing that the ion track can be most conveniently observed in $^4$He unless sub-micron spatial resolution can be obtained in silicon.
An approximate recipe of chromospheric radiative losses for solar flares
Creators: name: Hong, Jie
name: Carlsson, Mats
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative losses in the chromosphere are very important in the energy balance. There have been efforts to make simple lookup tables for chromospheric radiative losses in the quiet Sun. During solar flares, the atmospheric conditions are quite different, and the currently available recipe of Gan & Fang (1990) is constructed from semi-empirical models. It remains to be evaluated how these recipes work in flare conditions. We aim to construct an approximate recipe of chromospheric radiative losses for solar flares. We follow the method of Carlsson & Leenaarts (2012) to tabulate the optically thin radiative loss, escape probability, and ionization fraction, while using a grid of flare models from radiative hydrodynamic simulations as our dataset. We provide new lookup tables to calculate chromospheric radiative losses for flares. Compared with previous recipes, our recipe provides a better approximation to the detailed radiative losses for flares.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. A&A accepted. The lookup tables of the fitted curves are available in http://sdc.nju.edu.cn/d/8f8ef25c91684926ae3c
Oxygen vacancy dynamics in Pt/TiOx/TaOy/Pt memristors: exchange with the environment and internal electromigration
Creators: name: Martir, Rodrigo Leal
name: Sánchez, María José
name: Aguirre, Myriam
name: Quiñonez, Walter
name: Ferreyra, Cristian
name: Acha, Carlos
name: Lecourt, Jerome
name: Lüders, Ulrike
name: Rubi, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Memristors are expected to be one of the key building blocks for the development of new bio-inspired nanoelectronics. Memristive effects in transition metal oxides are usually linked to the electromigration at the nanoscale of charged oxygen vacancies (OV). In this paper we address, for Pt/TiOx/TaOy/Pt devices, the exchange of OV between the device and the environment upon the application of electrical stress. From a combination of experiments and theoretical simulations we determine that both TiOx and TaOy layers oxidize, via environmental oxygen uptake, during the electroforming process. Once the memristive effect is stabilized (post-forming behavior) our results suggest that oxygen exchange with the environment is suppressed and the OV dynamics that drives the memristive behavior is restricted to an internal electromigration between TiOx and TaOy layers. Our work provides relevant information for the design of reliable binary oxide memristive devices.
description: preprint 20 pages, 4 figures
Merging pathology with biomechanics using CHIMERA (Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration): a novel, surgery-free model of traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Namjoshi, Dhananjay R.
name: Cheng, Wai H.
name: McInnes, Kurt A.
name: Martens, Kris M.
name: Carr, Michael
name: Wilkinson, Anna
name: Fan, Jianjia
name: Robert, Jerome
name: Hayat, Arooj
name: Cripton, Peter Alec, 1965-
name: Wellington, Cheryl L.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health care concern that currently lacks any effective treatment. Despite promising outcomes from many preclinical studies, clinical evaluations have failed to identify effective pharmacological therapies, suggesting that the translational potential of preclinical models may require improvement. Rodents continue to be the most widely used species for preclinical TBI research. As most human TBIs result from impact to an intact skull, closed head injury (CHI) models are highly relevant, however, traditional CHI models suffer from extensive experimental variability that may be due to poor control over biomechanical inputs. Here we describe a novel CHI model called CHIMERA (Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration) that fully integrates biomechanical, behavioral, and neuropathological analyses. CHIMERA is distinct from existing neurotrauma model systems in that it uses a completely non-surgical procedure to precisely deliver impacts of prescribed dynamic characteristics to a closed skull while enabling kinematic analysis of unconstrained head movement. In this study, we characterized head kinematics as well as functional, neuropathological, and biochemical outcomes up to 14d following repeated TBI (rTBI) in adult C57BL/6 mice using CHIMERA. Results Head kinematic analysis showed excellent repeatability over two closed head impacts separated at 24h. Injured mice showed significantly prolonged loss of righting reflex and displayed neurological, motor, and cognitive deficits along with anxiety-like behavior. Repeated TBI led to diffuse axonal injury with extensive microgliosis in white matter from 2-14d post-rTBI. Injured mouse brains also showed significantly increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased endogenous tau phosphorylation. Conclusions Repeated TBI using CHIMERA mimics many of the functional and pathological characteristics of human TBI with a reliable biomechanical response of the head. This makes CHIMERA well suited to investigate the pathophysiology of TBI and for drug development programs.
Cloud-convection feedback in brown dwarfs atmosphere
Creators: name: Lefèvre, Maxence
name: Tan, Xianyu
name: Lee, Elspeth K. H.
name: Pierrehumbert, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous observational evidence has suggested the presence of active meteorology in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. A near-infrared brightness variability has been observed. Clouds have a major role in shaping the thermal structure and spectral properties of these atmospheres. The mechanism of such variability is still unclear and both 1D and global circulation model cannot fully study this topics due to resolution. In this study, a convective resolving model is coupled to grey-band radiative transfer in order to study the coupling between the convective atmosphere and the variability of clouds over a large temperature range with a domain of several hundreds of kilometers. Six types of clouds are considered, with microphysics including settling. The clouds are radiatively active using Rosseland mean coefficient. Radiative cloud feedback can drive spontaneous atmospheric variability in both temperature and cloud structure, as modeled for the first time in three dimensions. Silicate clouds have the most effect of the thermal structure with the generation of a secondary convective layer in some cases, depending on the assumed particle size. Iron and Aluminum clouds also have a substantial impact on the atmosphere. Thermal spectra were computed, and we find the strongest effect of clouds is the smoothing of spectral features at optical wavelengths. Compared to observed L and T dwarfs on color-magnitude diagram, the simulated atmospheres are redder for most of the cases. The simulations with the presence of cloud holes are closer to the observations.
description: 33 pages, 23 figures and 1 table. Accepted in The Astrophysical Journal
Single-shot quantitative aberration and scattering length measurements in mouse brain tissues using an extended-source Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor
Creators: name: Imperato, Sophia
name: Harms, Fabrice
name: Hubert, Antoine
name: Mercier, Mathias
name: Bourdieu, Laurent
name: Fragola, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep fluorescence imaging in mammalian brain tissues remains challenging due to scattering and optical aberration-induced loss in signal and resolution. Correction of aberrations using adaptive optics (AO) requires their reliable measurement in the tissues. Here, we show that an extended-source Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (ESSH) allows quantitative aberration measurements through fixed brain slices with a thickness up to four times their scattering length. We demonstrate in particular that this wavefront measurement method based on image correlation is more robust to scattering compared to the standard centroid-based approach. Finally, we obtain a measurement of the tissue scattering length taking advantage of the geometry of a Shack-Hartmann sensor.
Bythinella ellinikae Glöer & Hirschfelder, 2020, n. sp.
Creators: name: Glöer, Peter
name: Hirschfelder, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Bythinellidae
Bythinella
Bythinella ellinikae

description: Bythinella ellinikae n. sp. [fig. 2.6]
 Type locality: Greece, Laconia, Neapoli Peninsula, spring along the road from Xifias to Elliniko, 400 m east of Elliniko, N 36°36'35.0" / E 22°59'15.3", 500 m a.s.l., 17.04.2018, leg. Hans-Jürgen & Andrea Hirschfelder.
 Type Material: Holotype (ZMH 140686): Shell height 2.9 mm, shell width 1.7 mm. Paratypes from type locality: ZMH (140687/2), coll. Hirschfelder (8 adult).
 Etymology: The new species is named after the village Elliniko.
 Description:
 Shell: The shell is cylindrical with a small apex. The 4.5-5 whorls are convex with a deep suture. The body whorl takes about 0.6 of shell height. The aperture is ovate, slightly angled at the top with a sharp peristome which has a dark yellowish border. The umbilicus is closed. The shell is 2.7-2.9 mm high and 1.6- 1.7 mm broad.
 Differentiating characters: The new species is more cylindrically shaped and exhibits a greater length to width ratio (> 1.8) than B. kwanti and B. alexpeteri n. sp. (1.6). B. liandinaensis and B. taygetensis n. sp. show the same ratio of about 1.8, but the apex is smaller and not that flat.
 Distribution: Only known from type locality in southern Neapoli Pensinsula.
description: Published as part of Glöer, Peter & Hirschfelder, Hans-Jürgen, 2020, Some new Bythinella spp. from southern Greece (Gastropoda: Bythinellidae), pp. 60-67 in Ecologica Montenegrina 30 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.37828/em.2020.30.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13231395
Broken Symmetries in Quasi-2D Charged Systems via Negative Dielectric Confinement
Creators: name: Gao, Xuanzhao
name: Gan, Zecheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) phenomena in symmetrically charged binary particle systems under planar nanoconfinement with negative dielectric constants.The SSB is triggered $solely$ via the dielectric confinement effect, without any external fields. The mechanism of SSB is found to be caused by the strong polarization field enhanced by nanoconfinement, giving rise to charge/field oscillations in the transverse directions. Interestingly, dielectric contrast can even determine the degree of SSB in transverse and longitudinal dimensions, forming charge-separated interfacial liquids and clusters on square lattices. Furthermore, we analytically show that the formed lattice constant is determined by the dielectric mismatch and the length scale of confinement, which is validated via molecular dynamics simulations. The novel broken symmetry mechanism may provide new insights in the study of quasi-2D systems and the design of future nanodevices.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Scaling of finite size effect of $α$-Rényi entropy in disjointed intervals under dilation
Creators: name: Xiong, Long
name: Zhang, Shunyao
name: Guo, Guangcan
name: Gong, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $α$-Rényi entropy in the gapless models have been obtained by the conformal field theory, which is exact in the thermodynamic limit. However, the calculation of its finite size effect (FSE) is challenging. So far only the FSE in a single interval in the XX model has been understood and the FSE in the other models and in the other conditions are totally unknown. Here we report the FSE of this entropy in disjointed intervals $A = \cup_i A_i$ under a uniform dilation $λA$ in the XY model, showing of a universal scaling law as \begin{equation*} Δ_{λA}^α= Δ_A^αλ^{-η} \mathcal{B}(A, λ), \end{equation*} where $|\mathcal{B}(A, λ)| \le 1$ is a bounded function and $η= \text{min}(2, 2/α)$ when $α< 10$. We verify this relation in the phase boundaries of the XY model, in which the different central charges correspond to the physics of free Fermion and free Boson models. We find that in the disjointed intervals, two FSEs, termed as extrinsic FSE and intrinsic FSE, are required to fully account for the FSE of the entropy. Physically, we find that only the edge modes of the correlation matrix localized at the open ends $\partial A$ have contribution to the total entropy and its FSE. Our results provide some incisive insight into the entanglement entropy in the many-body systems.
description: Comments are welcome
Thermal Tides in the Martian Atmosphere near Northern Summer Solstice Observed by ACS/TIRVIM onboard TGO
Creators: name: Fan, Siteng
name: Guerlet, Sandrine
name: Forget, François
name: Bierjon, Antoine
name: Millour, Ehouarn
name: Ignatiev, Nikolay
name: Shakun, Alexey
name: Grigoriev, Alexey
name: Trokhimovskiy, Alexander
name: Montmessin, Franck
name: Korablev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal tides in the Martian atmosphere are analyzed using temperature profiles retrieved from nadir observations obtained by the TIRVIM Fourier-spectrometer, part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). The data is selected near the northern summer solstice at solar longitude (LS) 75°-105° of Martian Year (MY) 35. The observations have a full local time coverage, which enables analyses of daily temperature anomalies. The observed zonal mean temperature is lower by 4-6K at ~100Pa, but higher towards the summer pole, compared to the LMD Mars General Circulation Model (GCM). Wave mode decomposition shows dominant diurnal tide and important semi-diurnal tide and diurnal Kelvin wave, with maximal amplitudes of 5K, 3K, and 2.5K, respectively, from tens to hundreds of Pa. The results generally agree well with the LMD Mars GCM, but with noticeable earlier phases of diurnal (~1h) and semi-diurnal (~3h) tides.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by GRL
Temporal decay of strong solutions for generalized Newtonian fluids with variable power-law index
Creators: name: Ko, Seungchan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the motion of a power-law-like generalized Newtonian fluid in R^3, where the power-law index is a variable function. This system of nonlinear partial differential equations arises in mathematical models of electrorheological fluids. The aim of this paper is to investigate the decay properties of strong solutions for the model, based on the Fourier splitting method. We first prove that the L^2-norm of the solution has the decay rate (1 + t)^{-3/4}. If the H^1-norm of the initial data is sufficiently small, we further show that the derivative of the solution decays in L^2-norm at the rate (1 + t)^{-5/4}.
Quantifying summertime greenhouse gases fluxes from soils in various stages of restoration in the Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy Area
Creators: name: Christen, Andreas
name: Jassal, Rachhpal
name: Black, Andrew T.
name: Grant, Nick
name: Hawthorne, Iain
name: Johnson, Mark S.
name: Ketler, Rick
name: Lee, Sung-Ching
name: Merkens, Markus
name: Moore, R. Daniel
name: Nesic, Zoran
name: Schmid, Katrin
name: Stevenson, Alice
name: Wang, Yuexian
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Scientific report prepared for the Planning, Policy and Environment Department of Metro Vancouver. Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy Area (BBECA) in Metro Vancouver is a part of a large disturbed raised bog ecosystem that is currently being managed to promote ecological recovery through rewetting. Restoration efforts aimed at raising the water table through damming of drainage structures have been in place since 2005. This study quantified summertime emissions of the three major longlived greenhouse gases (GHGs) – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils at sites representing different stages of recovery based on time since last disturbance within the BBECA.
National Survey on Energy and Environment: Fall 2008
Creators: name: University Of Michigan Center For Local, State
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Average temperature on earth is increasing (2); earth warming due to human activity/natural patterns in earth's environment (1); global warming (climate change) serious problem (1); global warming requires immediate government action (1); various factors affecting view that earth is getting warmer (9); factor that that makes respondent believe temperatures are not increasing (1); agree/disagree with various statements about global warming (5); responsibility for taking actions to reduce global warming (3); agree/disagree with various statements about global warming policies (6); affect of religious beliefs on opinion about government dealing with global warming (1); states requiring portion of electricity produced to be from renewable source (1); various ways state governments can reduce emissions of green house gases (12); willing to pay extra money in order for more renewable energy to be produced (1); primary source for national/world news (1); political partisanship (1).
Determining the beaming of Io decametric emissions : a remote diagnostic to probe the Io-Jupiter interaction
Creators: name: Lamy, L.
name: Colomban, L.
name: Zarka, P.
name: Prangé, R.
name: Marques, M. S.
name: Louis, C.
name: Kurth, W.
name: Cecconi, B.
name: Girard, J.
name: Griessmeier, J. -M.
name: Yerin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the beaming of 11 Io-Jupiter decametric (Io-DAM) emissions observed by Juno/Waves, the Nan\c cay Decameter Array and NenuFAR. Using an up-to-date magnetic field model and three methods to position the active Io Flux Tube (IFT), we accurately locate the radiosources and determine their emission angle $θ$ from the local magnetic field vector. These methods use (i) updated models of the IFT equatorial lead angle, (ii) ultraviolet (UV) images of Jupiter's aurorae and (iii) multi-point radio measurements. The kinetic energy $E_{e-}$ of source electrons is then inferred from $θ$ in the framework of the Cyclotron Maser Instability. The precise position of the active IFT achieved from methods (ii,iii) can be used to test the effective torus plasma density. Simultaneous radio/UV observations reveal that multiple Io-DAM arcs are associated with multiple UV spots and provide the first direct evidence of an Io-DAM arc associated with a trans-hemispheric beam UV spot. Multi-point radio observations probe the Io-DAM sources at various altitudes, times and hemispheres. Overall, $θ$ varies a function of frequency (altitude), by decreasing from $75^\circ-80^\circ$ to $70^\circ-75^\circ$ over $10-40$ MHz with slightly larger values in the northern hemisphere, and independently varies as a function of time (or longitude of Io). Its uncertainty of a few degrees is dominated by the error on the longitude of the active IFT. The inferred values of $E_{e-}$ also vary as a function of altitude and time. For the 11 investigated cases, they range from 3 to 16 keV, with a $6.6\pm2.7$ keV average.
Color-avoiding percolation in edge-colored Erdős-Rényi graphs
Creators: name: Ráth, Balázs
name: Varga, Kitti
name: Fekete, Panna Tímea
name: Molontay, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a variant of the color-avoiding percolation model introduced by Krause et al., namely we investigate the color-avoiding bond percolation setup on (not necessarily properly) edge-colored Erdős-Rényi random graphs. We say that two vertices are color-avoiding connected in an edge-colored graph if after the removal of the edges of any color, they are in the same component in the remaining graph. The color-avoiding connected components of an edge-colored graph are maximal sets of vertices such that any two of them are color-avoiding connected.
 We consider the fraction of vertices contained in color-avoiding connected components of a given size as well as the fraction of vertices contained in the giant color-avoiding connected component. Under some mild assumptions on the color-densities, we prove that these quantities converge and the limits can be expressed in terms of probabilities associated to edge-colored branching process trees. We provide explicit formulas for the limit of the normalized size of the giant color-avoiding component, and in the two-colored case we also provide explicit formulas for the limit of the fraction of vertices contained in color-avoiding connected components of a given size.
description: 59 pages + Appendix + List of notation. Added reference to the recent arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.16086
The 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn: metallicity dependence of high mass X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Kaur, Harman Deep
name: Qin, Yuxiang
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Pallottini, Andrea
name: Fragos, Tassos
name: Basu-Zych, Antara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-rays from High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) are likely the main source of heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during Cosmic Dawn (CD), before the completion of reionization. This Epoch of Heating (EoH; $z\sim 10-15$) should soon be detected via the redshifted 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, allowing us to indirectly study the properties of HMXBs in the unseen, first galaxies. Low-redshift observations, as well as theoretical models, imply that the integrated X-ray luminosity to star formation rate of HMXBs ($L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$) should increase in metal-poor environments, typical of early galaxies. Here we study the impact of the metallicity ($Z$) dependence of $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$ during the EoH. For our fiducial models, galaxies with star formation rates of order $10^{-3} - 10^{-1}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and metallicities of order $10^{-3} - 10^{-2}$ $Z_\odot$ are the dominant contributors to the X-ray background (XRB) during this period. Different $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$-$Z$ relations result in factors of $\sim$ 3 differences in these ranges, as well as in the mean IGM temperature and the large-scale 21-cm power, at a given redshift. We compute mock 21-cm observations adopting as a baseline a 1000h integration with the upcoming Square Kilometer Array (SKA), for two different $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$-$Z$ relations. We perform inference on these mock observations using the common simplification of a constant $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$, finding that constant $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$ models can recover the IGM evolution of the more complicated $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$-$Z$ simulations only during the EoH. At $z<10$, where the typical galaxies are more polluted, constant $L_{\rm X}/{\rm SFR}$ models over-predict the XRB and its relative contribution to the early stages of the reionization.