Fauveliopsis glabra
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Zhadan, Anna E.
name: Rizzo, Alexandra E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Fauveliopsidae
Fauveliopsis
Fauveliopsis glabra

description: Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960)
Figures 7–9
Brada glabra Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960: 129–130, Pl. 14, Figs. 1, 2.
Fauveliopsis glabra: Hartman 1969: 283–284 (n. comb.); Fauchald & Hancock 1981: 38 (partim); Imajima 2009: 123–125, Fig. 40; Blake & Petersen 2000: 35–38, Figs. 3.1–3.3, frontispiece (redescr.).
Fauveliopsis rugosa Fauchald, 1972b: 220–222, Pl. 45, Figs. a–e (partim).
TL: San Nicolas Basin, and Santa Catalina Basins, California, 1630.5 m (holotype). D: Off Southern California to Jalisco, México (Fauchald 1972b:219–220), in 500–4997 m.
Type material. Northeastern Pacific Ocean, California. Holotype (LACM 525), San Nicolas Basin, R / V Velero IV, Sta. 6341 (32°51’00” N, 119°01’12” W), 1630.5 m, olive green silty clay, glass sponge, Campbell grab, 15 Aug. 1959 (holotype bent laterally, body wall broken in anterior and near posterior ends, by dissecting parapodia; body 4.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 33 chaetigers).
Additional material. Northeastern Pacific Ocean, Oregon. One specimen (LACM 7593), Cascadia Abyssal Plain, Sta. AD74, NAD 14 (no coordinates), 1400 m, 20 Feb. 1964 (6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 36 chaetigers; GP on right side, posterior margin of chaetiger 10; oocytes not seen). One specimen (USNM 74889), SW mouth of Columbia River, R/V Commando, Sta. unnumb. (45°43’ N, 125°13’ W), 1893 m, 28 May 1964, M.S. Alton, coll. (11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 35 chaetigers; GP in posterior margin of chaetiger 11). One specimen (USNM 74890), SW mouth of Columbia River, R/V Commando, Sta. unnumb. (45°45’ N, 125°09’ W), 1620 m, 29 May 1964, M.S. Alton, coll. (11.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 38 chaetigers; GP in the posterior margin of chaetiger 11). Northeastern Pacific Ocean, California. Two specimens (LACM 7611), in Cadulus shells (and two Cadulus specimens in same vial), R/V Velero IV, Sta. 2337 (33°32’ N, 118°10’ W), 311 m, grey green mud, orange-peel grab, 1 Jul. 1953 (6.2–6.5 mm long, 0.9–1.1 mm wide, 34–37 chaetigers; GP posterior margin of chaetiger 10 or 11; oocytes not seen; inside of shell with loose sediment, not cemented particles). Four specimens (LACM 7612), in Cadulus shells, R/V Velero IV, Sta. 6818 (33°32’53” N, 118°30’57” W), 344 m, green sandy mud, Campbell grab, 27 Jan. 1960 (3.5–6.0 mm long, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, 30–36 chaetigers; GP chaetiger 11 or 12; oocytes not seen). Six specimens (LACM 7610), and one small paranoid, R/V Velero IV, Sta. 6834 (32°39’33” N, 119°01’24” W), 586 m, green sandy mud, Campbell grab, 29 Jan. 1960 (1.8–8.0 mm long, 0.3–2.0 mm wide, 23–37 chaetigers; GP chaetiger 11 only in largest specimen; oocytes not seen; in Cadulus or chitinoid tubes, probably a secondary shelter). Five specimens (LACM 7613), in tubular structures, probably foraminiferan tests (Psammosiphonella sp), R/V Velero IV, Sta. 6850 (32°29’48” N, 117°22’58” W), 2470 m, green mud, Campbell grab, 1 Feb. 1960 (5.0– 11.8 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 37–39 chaetigers; GP chaetiger 12 or 13; oocytes not seen). Western Mexico. One specimen (LACM 7589), off Natividad Island, R/V Velero IV, Sta. 7234 (27°38’00” N, 115°16’16” W), 844 m, mud and sand, piston corer, 2 Jan. 1961 (6.9 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, 34 chaetigers; GP single, on posterior margin of chaetiger 10, just before chaetae of chaetiger 11; oocytes 100 µm, in swollen posterior region).
Diagnosis. Fauveliopsis with 23–37 chaetigers (Fig. 7A). First notopodia with one large acicular and one capillary, first neuropodia with two aciculars and two capillaries per bundle; anterior and median parapodia with one large acicular and one capillary per ramus (Fig. 7B); posterior notopodia with one acicular and one capillary, neuropodia with 2–3 neuroaciculars and 2–3 capillaries. Chaetal formula: 2A/2A (ant.), 1A1–2c/1–2c1A (med.), 2–3A2c/2–3A2c (post.). Interramal papillae globose, sessile in median chaetigers, becoming longer and migrating dorsally in posterior chaetigers, being placed closer to notoaciculars. GP mostly single, on the right side of chaetiger 10 or 11, before chaetae of chaetiger 11 or 12 (Fig. 7A, B). In scaphopod shells, Cadulus (Fig. 7D, E), foraminiferan tests (Psammosiphonella), or tubular polymetallic structures.
Tubes. Tubes are subcylindrical with smooth or granulose surfaces (Fig. 8A); some are progressively wider, other have some enlargements basally or medially, with different pigmentation and surface patterns (Fig. 8B, C), but a distinctive inner mucous layer with fine sediment particles is always present (Fig. 8 C–F). The tube wall is variable; sometimes a darker area is smooth and another, variably colored is rugose. The wall structure is also variable, sometimes with ill-defined rings (Fig. 8C) whereas other tubes show a distinctive ring either in the inner core as a variable width ring (Fig. 8D), or as a series of distinctive thin rings, being darker either externally (Fig. 8E), or internally (Fig. 8F).
Tube wall has a thin, brownish outer layer (Fig. 9A), but the inner structure is variable, with a paler inner layer and an irregular combination of darker layers, each with variable thickness, and sometimes with some paler round spots within darker layers (Fig. 9B) or darker layered or punctuated areas (Fig. 9C, D) indicating variable growth or mineralization patterns.
Remarks. Fauveliopsis glabra belongs in the group of species having chaetigers with three or more chaetae along medial and posterior regions, together with F. scabra and F. olgae. However, as indicated in the key above, F. glabra is the only one having smooth integument and its genital papillae are before chaetal lobe of chaetiger 11. The two other species have rugose integument and genital papillae on chaetiger 8, or none at all.
Fauveliopsis scabra was described from off California. Riser (1987) and Blake & Petersen (2000) indicated that body ends were reverted in the description. The latter authors described the species with specimens from northern localities. It should be indicated that some specimens had a ventral posterior modified region, as shown in Blake & Petersen’s figure 3.1, or in figure 1F in Petersen (2000), but because its presence is not confirmed in all specimens of similar size, it is herein regarded as a preservation artifact, and not a place of attachment as indicated by Petersen (2000).
North Atlantic records of Brada glabra by Hartman (1965:173–174) and Bellan (1969:46), or F. glabra by Hartman & Fauchald (1971:116) and López (2011:2–4, Figs 1, 2) deserve confirmation. It was indicated that they have 21 chaetigers (last paragraph in B. brevis remarks, Hartman 1965:173), and later the number was modified to 23–28 and up “to 36 in larger specimens”, which differ from the about 33 chaetigers for the southern California species. Hartman & Fauchald (1971:116) indicated that there can be 20–47 chaetigers, 1–3 chaetae per bundle, and that interramal papillae are subspherical, placed closer to notopodia than to neuropodia. For the depth distribution, they indicated it can thrive in 530–5023 m depth. A hand-written label by Hartman (undated) could help clarify this confusion; the label for some non-type specimens reads: “ Fauveliopsis scabra n. sp. H (as the initial for Hartman) 1967 = Brada glabra Hartman, 1965 not 1960”. Consequently, some North Atlantic records should be referred to F. scabra, but the Northeastern Atlantic records might belong to F. adriatica Katzmann & Laubier, 1974 if they are different species, as indicated above.
This species has been reported as occupying tubular agglutinated foraminiferans such as Psammosiphonella, or Amphitremoidea Eisenack, 1937. Like other members of the group, the tests have a granulose surface and wall, and the inner tunnels are variable in Psammosiphonella (Barker 1960, Pl. 20, Figs 1–9), and subcylindrical in Amphitremoidea (Barker 1960, Pl. 20, Figs 15 –23). Some species of Hyperammina Brady, 1878 have smooth walls and can be slightly expanded basally (Sen Gupta et al. 2009, Pl. 82, Figs 1–2).
The surface and inner tube wall features resemble those found in polymetallic nodules and crusts, as reviewed elsewhere (Wang & Müller 2009, Kuhn et al. 2017), rather than those observed in tubular foraminiferans. It would be interesting to evaluate the role of the fauveliopsids in promoting or enhancing the mineralization processes, but that is beyond the purpose of our research activities.
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Zhadan, Anna E. & Rizzo, Alexandra E., 2019, Revision of Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971 (Annelida, Sedentaria), pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 4637 (1) on pages 17-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4637.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3335202