title: Fundamental Data Mining Techniques for Declarative Process Mining
Creators: name: Grohmann, Nico
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000 Computer science, information, general works
subject: 600 Technology (Applied sciences)

description: Process mining is a Business Process Management (BPM) technique that uses execution data of business processes for their analysis. By transforming the data to so-called event logs, process mining tools generate process models that describe the executions as close as possible. Process discovery can result either in graph-based notations (e.g., Petri nets or BPMN) or declarative ones like Declare. One hypothesis in this work is that declarative constraint templates can support model understanding in case process mining results in large, confusing "spaghetti" diagrams. Overall, this work contributes an approach including a prototypical implementation for applying association rule and sequential pattern mining to event logs for discovering declarative process models. Preprocessing steps and the transformation of rules and patterns to constraints in Declare are addressed explicitly. In this way, analysts receive transparent insights into the basis of the overall declarative model.
description: Process Mining ist eine Technik des Geschäftsprozessmanagements, die Ausführungsdaten von Geschäftsprozessen zur Analyse verwendet. Durch eine Bereitstellung der Daten in sogenannten Event-Logs generieren Process Mining-Tools Prozessmodelle, die die Ausführungen möglichst präzise beschreiben. Dies kann entweder in graph-basierte Notationen wie Petri-Netze oder BPMN oder deklarative Notationen wie Declare resultieren. Eine Hypothese der Arbeit ist, dass deklarative Constraints die Verständlichkeit der Modelle erhöhen kann wenn Process Mining große, unübersichtliche "Spaghetti-Diagramme" produziert. Diese Arbeit präsentiert einen Ansatz inklusive prototypischer Implementierung um Assoziations- und Sequenzmusteranalyse auf Event-Logs anzuwenden, mit dem Ziel, deklarative Prozessmodelle zu erzeugen. Auf Preprocessing-Schritte und die Übersetzung der Regeln und Muster zu Declare-Constraints wird explizit eingegangen. Dadurch erhalten Analysten transparente Einblicke in die Basis des gesamten deklarativen Modells.
description: 1 Introduction ..... 1 1.1 Motivation ..... 2 1.2 Research Objectives ..... 11 1.3 Thesis Structure ..... 12 I Foundations ..... 15 2 Digitalization of Companies ..... 19 2.1 Assessing Digital Maturity ..... 21 2.2 A Comprehensive Digitalization Check ..... 24 2.3 Processes as a Digital Dimension ..... 28 3 Business Process Management and Process Mining ..... 31 3.1 The Horus Method ..... 32 3.2 Imperative Process Modeling ..... 33 3.3 Declarative Process Modeling ..... 36 3.4 Multi-perspective Declarative Constraints ..... 41 3.5 Process Mining ..... 43 3.5.1 History and Foundations ..... 45 3.5.2 Event Data ..... 47 3.5.3 Process Discovery ..... 54 3.5.4 Conformance Checking ..... 58 3.5.5 Declarative Process Mining ..... 59 3.5.6 Application in Practice ..... 59 4 Data Mining Techniques for Pattern Discovery ..... 67 4.1 Association Rule Mining ..... 71 4.1.1 Apriori ..... 72 4.1.2 FP-Growth ..... 74 4.1.3 Association Rule Generation ..... 78 4.2 Sequential Pattern Mining ..... 79 4.2.1 Generalized Sequential Pattern Mining (GSP) ..... 81 4.2.2 Sequential Rule Mining ..... 87 II Combining Data and Process Mining ..... 91 5 Applying Pattern and Rule Mining on Process Event Data ..... 95 5.1 General Setup of the Implementation ..... 95 5.2 Association Rule Mining on Event Logs ..... 97 5.2.1 Translating Association Rules to Declare Constraints ..... 102 5.3 Sequential Pattern Mining on Event Logs ..... 111 5.3.1 Translating Sequential Patterns to Sequential Rules ..... 116 5.3.2 Translating Sequential Patterns or Rules to Declare Constraints ..... 118 6 Evaluation ..... 137 6.1 Evaluation Method ..... 138 6.2 Application on Sample Event Data ..... 138 6.2.1 Compensation Request Process ..... 139 6.2.2 Production Process ..... 151 6.2.3 Purchase Order Process of Production Firm ..... 162 6.3 Overall Evaluation Results Discussion ..... 169 III Related Research and Conclusions ..... 173 7 RelatedWork ..... 177 7.1 Prior Work on Declarative Process Discovery ..... 177 7.2 Multi-perspective Declarative Process Modeling and Mining ..... 182 7.3 Related Research for Declarative Process Modeling and Mining ..... 188 8 Conclusions ..... 191 8.1 Summary and Implications ..... 191 8.2 Integration into the Horus Method ..... 193 8.3 Outlook ..... 196 Bibliography ..... 199 List ofWeb Pages ..... 215 List of Abbreviations ..... 219 A Overview of the Declare Template Set ..... 221