cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
СТИЛЬ ВЕДУЩЕЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОСТИ СПОРТСМЕНА
Creators: name: КРАЕВ Ю.В.
name: СЫСОЕВ Ю.В.
name: МАРКЕЛОВ В.В.
name: ВЯТКИН Б.А.
Publisher: name: Теория и практика физической культуры
Year: 2020
Subjects: ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОСТЬ
РАЗВИТИЕ
СПОРТИВНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
СТИЛЬ
АКТИВНОСТЬ
ТРЕНЕР
ПСИХОЛОГ
СПОРТСМЕН
INTEGRAL INDIVIDUALITY
DEVELOPMENT
SPORTS ACTIVITIES
STYLE
ACTIVITY
COACH
PSYCHOLOGIST
ATHLETE

description: Цель публикации - научно обосновать педагогическую систему формирования стиля ведущей активности как фактора развития интегральной индивидуальности спортсмена. Результаты исследования и выводы. Показано, что индивидуальный стиль спортивной деятельности является основным звеном, опосредующим взаимосвязи свойств в структуре интегральной активности (ИИ). Выявлено, что ведущими системообразующими факторами в развитии индивидуальности могут быть индивидуальные стили моторной, волевой и эмоциональной активности. Индивидуальный стиль моторной активности опосредует характер связей между свойствами нервной системы и темперамента. Различные стили волевой активности опосредуют специфические взаимосвязи свойств нервной системы и личности (природного и социального в человеке), что способствует гармонизации целостной индивидуальности спортсменов. К значимым факторам, рассматриваемым как своеобразные стили эмоциональной активности, относят стиль радостного возбуждения и уверенности в достижении поставленной цели, стиль тревожной радости и стремления к совершенству, агрессивный стиль эмоциональной активности. Отмечено, что во всех случаях различные стили внутри видов активности детерминированы различными симптомокомплексами разноуровневых индивидуальных свойств спортсмена. В целях оптимизации предстартовых состояний спортсменов авторами предложено их психологическое сопровождение.
On the Lipschitz continuity of spectral bands of Harper-like and magnetic Schroedinger operators
Creators: name: Cornean, Horia D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show for a large class of discrete Harper-like and continuous magnetic Schrodinger operators that their band edges are Lipschitz continuous with respect to the intensity of the external constant magnetic field. We generalize a result obtained by J. Bellissard in 1994, and give examples in favor of a recent conjecture of G. Nenciu.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Annales Henri Poincare
title: Habitat Selection by Desert Carnivores: How Water, Intraguild Predation, and Prey Impact Animal Space Use
Creators: name: Pershyn, Nadine A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Across North America large carnivores have lost nearly half of their historic range, creating openings for smaller (< 15 kg) carnivores to take over their ecological roles. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have seen a significant range expansion, including into arid deserts. It was believed that the addition of artificial water sources by humans allowed coyotes to expand into desert ecosystems where they were previously unable to survive. The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a small, desert-adapted carnivore with declining populations that faces threats from coyotes of intraguild predation. This is when carnivores compete over the same prey, and the larger carnivore (intraguild predator) kills the smaller carnivore (intraguild prey). Intraguild prey have different habitat selection strategies to balance nutrient intake and risk of predation. Intraguild predators typically display a ‘resource match’ where they choose habitats that have high prey abundance. Intraguild prey can either resource match as well or ‘safety match,’ where they avoid areas of high prey abundance due to high predation risk. Researchers proposed that removing artificial water sources would force coyotes to abandon the surrounding areas and thus remove the threat of intraguild predation for kit foxes. However, water manipulation was not found to influence coyotes at a large scale. We used four years (2010-2013) of data collected in the Great Basin Desert to 1) test if coyotes changed fine scale habitat selection following water removal and 2) examine how prey abundance and predation risk influenced kit fox habitat. We found that coyotes did not adjust their distance to water sources post-water removal, which showed that water did not influence fine-scale coyote habitat selection. Our results, in combination with previous research, suggest that coyotes are desert-adapted carnivores that do not need artificial water sources to survive in arid ecosystems. Coyotes selected for areas that provide refuge from humans. We wanted to evaluate the habitat selection strategies exhibited by kit foxes within the intraguild predation framework (i.e., resource/safety match). We found a small positive relationship between kit fox habitat selection and predation risk. We found that kit foxes avoided areas with high small mammal abundance and preferred high rabbit abundance. These mixed results did not completely support any individual selection strategy. Great Basin Desert kit foxes may demonstrate varying matching strategies at different spatial scales, but more research is necessary to confirm.
title: ÐÐ¾Ð³Ð¸ÐºÐ°
title: Ð¿ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ðº Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð·Ð°Ð½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ±Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ
name: Ð¢Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾, ÐÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¾Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÐºÐ°
Ð¿ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°

description: ÐÑÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹. Ð Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð»ÑÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ, Ð² ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑ, Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑ, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¸ÐµÑÑ Ðº ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. Ð¡ÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´ Ð·Ð°Ð½ÑÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ, Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ, Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑÑÑ Ðº Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ° Ð¸ Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð°, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ÑÑ Ðº ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸, ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ-Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ° Ð¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ВО ВРЕМЯ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ВЕЛОЭРГОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ТЕСТА У ЗДОРОВЫХ МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМ УРОВНЕМ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ К НАГРУЗКЕ
Creators: name: ВДОВЕНКО С.И.
name: АВЕРЬЯНОВА И.В.
Publisher: name: Теория и практика физической культуры
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЮНОШИ
ВЕЛОЭРГОМЕТРИЯ
МЕТАБОЛИЗМ
СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТАЯ СИСТЕМА
YOUNG MALES
CYCLE ERGOMETRY
METABOLISM
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

description: Цель исследования - выявление влияния режима двигательной активности юношей на показатели газообмена, функции внешнего дыхания и ЧСС в процессе нагрузочного тестирования. Методика и организация исследования. Была обследована группа молодых людей, постоянных жителей Магаданской области, в возрастном диапазоне 17-21 года, различающихся уровнем спортивной тренированности: с обычным (низкая толерантность к нагрузке) и высоким (высокая толерантность к нагрузке) режимами двигательной активности. С помощью метаболографа Medgraphics VO2000 регистрировались частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), газообмена и функции внешнего дыхания в состоянии покоя, а также на 2-й и 3-й мин выполнения велоэргометрического теста. Результаты исследования и выводы. Анализ динамики дыхательного коэффициента, сопоставление показателей потребления кислорода и выделения углекислого газа, а также вентиляционного эквивалента по кислороду и углекислому газу в группе юношей с обычным режимом двигательной активности свидетельствует о достижении анаэробного (вентиляционного) порога между 2-й и 3-й мин теста, чего не наблюдалось в группе лиц с высоким режимом двигательной активности в процессе выполнения велоэргометрии. Установлено, что ряд изученных характеристик у юношей с низкой толерантностью к нагрузке свидетельствует о неэкономичности в деятельности сердечно-сосудистой системы на фоне сниженного коэффициента использования кислорода при повышении содержания кислорода в выдыхаемом воздухе, что максимально проявляется на пике велоэргометрической пробы. Данные изменения показателей физиологических систем организма могут быть использованы в качестве прогностического критерия для оценки уровня физической работоспособности и тренированности юношей при выполнении ими 3-минутного велоэргометрического теста.
Fish predation on the young sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) in certain lakes of the Skeena river drainage as evaluated by study of the catches and stomach contents of predators obtained by gill-netting.
Creators: name: Withler, Frederick Curtis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: With the hope of being able to demonstrate the relative effect of predator species on the young sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) in different lakes, the Skeena river investigation instituted a program of standard gill-netting in 1945. Study of the catches and information obtained from netting experiments indicated that the catch per net-night was the best estimation of the concentration of each preying species in different areas. Coupling this catch per net-night with the average volume of sockeye found in the stomachs of predators caught, a measure of predation called the "predation index" was calculated. On the basis of this index, the populations of nine lakes of the Skeena drainage were classified as either high, low or intermediate in effect on young sockeye.
Additional file 1 of MLKL deficiency alleviates neuroinflammation and motor deficits in the α-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Geng, Lu
name: Gao, Wenqing
name: Saiyin, Hexige
name: Li, Yuanyuan
name: Zeng, Yu
name: Zhang, Zhifei
name: Li, Xue
name: Liu, Zuolong
name: Gao, Qiang
name: An, Ping
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Yu, Xiaofei
name: Chen, Xiangjun
name: Li, Suhua
name: Chen, Lei
name: Lu, Boxun
name: Li, Aiqun
name: Chen, Guoyuan
name: Shen, Yidong
name: Zhang, Haibing
name: Tian, Mei
name: Zhang, Zhuohua
name: Li, Jixi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Large time decay and growth for solutions of a viscous Boussinesq system
Creators: name: Brandolese, Lorenzo
name: Schonbek, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we analyze the decay and the growth for large time of weak and strong solutions to the three-dimensional viscous Boussinesq system. We show that generic solutions blow up as $t\to\infty$ in the sense that the energy and the $L^p$-norms of the velocity field grow to infinity for large time, for $1\le p<3$. In the case of strong solutions we provide sharp estimates both from above and from below and explicit asymptotic profiles. We also show that solutions arising from $(u_0,θ_0)$ with zero-mean for the initial temperature $θ_0$ have a special behavior as $|x|$ or $t$ tends to infinity: contrarily to the generic case, their energy dissipates to zero for large time.
description: 35 pages. 2nd version revised according to referee's remarks. to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
title: ÐÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ° (Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ Â«Ð¡Ð²ÑÐ·Ñ-ÐÐ°Ð½ÐºÂ»)
title: Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2017
Subjects: ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¸
ÑÐ¸ÑÐºÐ¸

description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°, ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² ÐµÐµ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐµÐµ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð², Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð² Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐµ. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°, Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¹ ÐÐ°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð° Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾: Ð¸ÑÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸Ð· Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð², Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ðº Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°. Ð¡ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐÐÐ ÐÐÐ Â«Ð¡Ð²ÑÐ·Ñ-ÐÐ°Ð½ÐºÂ». Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸.
title: Physical and hydrological properties of peat as proxies for degradation of South African peatlands
title: Implications for conservation and restoration
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Gabriel, Marvin
name: Toader, Cornel
name: Faul, Fabien
name: Rosskopf, Niko
name: Grundling, Piet-Louis
name: Van Huyssteen, Cornelius W.
name: Grundling, Althea T.
name: Zeitz, Jutta
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 640 Hauswirtschaft und Familie

description: The physical and hydrological properties of peat from seven peatlands in northern Maputaland (South Africa) were investigated and related to the degradation processes of peatlands in different hydrogeomorphic settings. The selected peatlands are representative of typical hydrogeomorphic settings and different stages of human modification from natural to severely degraded. Nineteen transects (141 soil corings in total) were examined in order to describe peat properties typical of the distinct hydrogeomorphic settings. We studied degree of decomposition, organic matter content, bulk density, water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity and hydrophobicity of the peats. From these properties we derived pore size distribution, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and maximum capillary rise. We found that, after drainage, degradation advances faster in peatlands containing wood peat than in peatlands containing radicell peat. Eucalyptus plantations in catchment areas are especially threatening to peatlands in seeps, interdune depressions and unchannelled valley bottoms. All peatlands and their recharge areas require wise management, especially valley-bottom peatlands with swamp forest vegetation. Blocking drainage ditches is indispensable as a first step towards achieving the restoration of drained peatland areas, and further measures may be necessary to enhance the distribution of water. The sensitive swamp forest ecosystems should be given conservation priority.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1103
Semiclassical theory of non-local statistical measures: residual Coulomb interactions
Creators: name: Ullmo, Denis
name: Tomsovic, Steven
name: Baecker, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 100}, 164101 (2008)] and within the context of quantized chaotic billiards, random plane wave and semiclassical theoretical approaches were applied to an example of a relatively new class of statistical measures, i.e. measures involving both complete spatial integration and energy summation as essential ingredients. A quintessential example comes from the desire to understand the short-range approximation to the first order ground state contribution of the residual Coulomb interaction. Billiards, fully chaotic or otherwise, provide an ideal class of systems on which to focus as they have proven to be successful in modeling the single particle properties of a Landau-Fermi liquid in typical mesoscopic systems, i.e. closed or nearly closed quantum dots. It happens that both theoretical approaches give fully consistent results for measure averages, but that somewhat surprisingly for fully chaotic systems the semiclassical theory gives a much improved approximation for the fluctuations. Comparison of the theories highlights a couple of key shortcomings inherent in the random plane wave approach. This paper contains a complete account of the theoretical approaches, elucidates the two shortcomings of the oft-relied-upon random plane wave approach, and treats non-fully chaotic systems as well.
description: 7 figures
title: Accelerating Production of Slow-Growing Intermountain West Native Plants by Modifying Their microclimate
Creators: name: Miller, Sam A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2011

description: Water shortages are a recurring problem in the western US. As much as 70% of yearly municipal water consumption may be used to irrigate urban landscapes. Significant water savings can be realized by installing low water landscapes, where turfgrass is replaced by low water trees, shrubs, grasses, and perennials. Intermountain West (IMW) native trees and shrubs are excellent candidates for low water landscaping. However, due to their slow initial growth, many native trees and shrubs are simply unavailable to consumers, as they are not cost effective for nursery growers to produce. In an effort to accelerate the yearly growth rates of two IMW native species, Pinus monophylla and Mahonia fremontii, the potential of two growing methods was evaluated. A 30% reduction in radiation by shading and stabilizing root-zone temperatures with potin- pot were employed in an effort to decrease the extreme environmental impacts of temperature and intense sunlight. Shading caused a significant increase in the growth of M. fremontii when grown aboveground. P. monophylla growth was not affected by the use of shade. Neither species showed improved growth when grown pot-in-pot. The use of shade is effective in accelerating some native plants and not others. However, for plants such as M. fremontii, shading is beneficial and can be used to significantly accelerate nursery production.
Diffusion Analysis of NAnoscopic Ensembles: A Tracking-Free Diffusivity Analysis for Nanoscopic Ensembles in Biological Samples and Nanotechnology
Creators: name: Wolf, Alexander
name: Volz-Rakebrand, Pierre
name: Balke, Jens
name: Alexiev, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: molecular interactions
subject: nanocarriers
subject: nanoscopic diffusion
subject: single molecule fluorescence
subject: tracking-free
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The rapid development of microscopic techniques over the past decades enables the establishment of single molecule fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool in biological and biomedical sciences. Single molecule fluorescence imaging allows to study the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties of target molecules or particles by tracking their molecular position in the biological environment and determining their dynamic behavior. However, the precise determination of particle distribution and diffusivities is often challenging due to high molecule/particle densities, fast diffusion, and photobleaching/blinking of the fluorophore. A novel, accurate, and fast statistical analysis tool, Diffusion Analysis of NAnoscopic Ensembles (DANAE), that solves all these obstacles is introduced. DANAE requires no approximations or any a priori input regarding unknown system-inherent parameters, such as background distributions; a requirement that is vitally important when studying the behavior of molecules/particles in living cells. The superiority of DANAE with various data from simulations is demonstrated. As experimental applications of DANAE, membrane receptor diffusion in its natural membrane environment, and cargo mobility/distribution within nanostructured lipid nanoparticles are presented. Finally, the method is extended to two-color channel fluorescence microscopy.
title: ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ° Ð² ÐÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð½Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸
title: Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐµÐ»ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ÑÐ°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¾
ÑÐµÐºÑÐµÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð½
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ»ÐºÐ° Â«ÐÐ¾ÑÐµÐ¼ÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Â» Ð² ÐÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð½Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸. ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ»ÐºÐ° Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¸ Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ðµ. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ½ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¶Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ðº, ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸Ð· 50 Ð¶Ð¸Ð»ÑÑ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐºÐ°, 31 ÑÐ°ÑÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾Ð², ÑÐµÐºÑÐµÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð°Ð´Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°. Ð¢ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð²ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ·Ð´Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ. ÐÐ½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÐ´ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ.
The collapse of polyelectrolyte brushes made of 4-arm stars mediated by trivalent salt counterions
Creators: name: Wang, Lijuan
name: Wang, Shaoyun
name: Tong, Chaohui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations were conducted to study the collapse of polyelectrolyte brushes made of 4-arm stars induced by trivalent salt counterions. Consistent with previous studies of the collapse of fully charged linear polymer brushes in the presence of trivalent salt counterions, the electrostatic bridging of grafted star chains by trivalent salt counterions plays a critical role in the bundle formation. In sharp contrast to the dominant probability of inter-chain bridging between a trivalent salt ion and multiple charged monomers from different chains in the collapse of polyelectrolyte brushes made of fully charged linear chains, the probability of intra-chain bridging was found to be much larger than that of inter-chain bridging for the collapse of fully charged star brushes due to the topological structure. The average number of bound charged monomers per trivalent salt counterion decreases drastically with decreasing charge fraction of grafted star chains. The ability of a trivalent salt counterion to bind with three or more charged monomers is greatly enhanced by increasing Bjerrum length. The probability of inter-chain bridging mode increases with increasing Bjerrum length. The larger Bjerrum length is, the smaller the bundle size and the tighter binding of the chains inside a bundle will become.
A note on the partition dimension of Cartesian product graphs
Creators: name: Yero, Ismael G.
name: Rodriquez-Velazquez, Juan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G=(V,E)$ be a connected graph. The distance between two vertices $u,v\in V$, denoted by $d(u, v)$, is the length of a shortest $u-v$ path in $G$. The distance between a vertex $v\in V$ and a subset $P\subset V$ is defined as $min\{d(v, x): x \in P\}$, and it is denoted by $d(v, P)$. An ordered partition $\{P_1,P_2, ...,P_t\}$ of vertices of a graph $G$, is a \emph{resolving partition}of $G$, if all the distance vectors $(d(v,P_1),d(v,P_2),...,d(v,P_t))$ are different. The \emph{partition dimension} of $G$, denoted by $pd(G)$, is the minimum number of sets in any resolving partition of $G$. In this article we study the partition dimension of Cartesian product graphs. More precisely, we show that for all pairs of connected graphs $G, H$, $pd(G\times H)\le pd(G)+pd(H)$ and $pd(G\times H)\le pd(G)+dim(H).$ Consequently, we show that $pd(G\times H)\le dim(G)+dim(H)+1.$
title: ÐÐ¾ÑÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð¾Ð½Ðµ ÐÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð³ÐµÐ»ÑÑÐºÐ°
title: Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ: Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð¾Ð½Ðµ ÐÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð³ÐµÐ»ÑÑÐºÐ°. Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð° Ð¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð¾Ðº, Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ. ÐÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² ÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑ, Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ½ÑÐ°, Ð³Ð»ÑÐ±Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¹. ÐÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¼ 67 ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ 9 Ð¸Ð»Ð»ÑÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¹, 9 ÑÐ°Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ñ, ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ðº Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð· 21 Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ 4 Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ðµ Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð².
The emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase 3 in pathophysiology
Creators: name: Malovan, Grazia
name: Hierzberger, Bettina
name: Suraci, Samuele
name: Schaefer, Maximilian
name: Santos, Karine
name: Jha, Shalinee
name: Macheroux, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: bioactive peptides
subject: cancer
subject: dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3)
subject: Keap1-Nrf2 pathway
subject: metalloprotease
subject: oxidative stress
subject: renin angiotensin system (RAS)
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3), a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase, is a highly conserved enzyme among higher animals. The enzyme cleaves dipeptides from the N-terminus of tetra- to decapeptides, thereby taking part in activation as well as degradation of signalling peptides critical in physiological and pathological processes such as blood pressure regulation, nociception, inflammation and cancer. Besides its catalytic activity, DPP3 moonlights as a regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response pathway, e.g., the Keap1-Nrf2 mediated antioxidative response. The enzyme is also recognized as a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Recently, DPP3 has been attracting growing attention within the scientific community, which has significantly augmented our knowledge of its physiological relevance. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structure and catalytic activity of DPP3, with a focus on attributing its molecular architecture and catalytic mechanism to its wide-ranging biological functions. We further highlight recent intriguing reports that implicate a broader role for DPP3 as a valuable biomarker in cardiovascular and renal pathologies and furthermore discuss its potential as a promising drug target.
From Pamela to CDMS and Back
Creators: name: Cao, Qing-Hong
name: Low, Ian
name: Shaughnessy, Gabe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take the recent result from the CDMS collaboration as a hint that the dark matter has an elastic scattering cross section with the nucleon in the vicinity of 10^-7 pb. By crossing symmetry such a cross section implies annihilation of dark matter into hadrons inside the halo, resulting in an anti-proton flux that could be constrained by data from the PAMELA collaboration if one includes a large boost factor necessary to explain the PAMELA excess in the positron fraction. As an illustration, we present a model-independent analysis for a fermionic dark matter and study the upper bound on the boost factor using the PAMELA anti-proton flux.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
title: ÐÐ°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ»ÑÐ³
Creators: name: ÐÐ±Ð°Ð±ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: ÐÐ·Ð´-Ð²Ð¾ ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½. ÑÐ½-ÑÐ°
Year: 2007
Subjects: Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³
Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÑÐ»ÑÐ³Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÑ
Ð²ÑÑÑÐµÐµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²

description: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ Â«ÐÐ°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ»ÑÐ³Â» Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð². ÐÐ·Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð° Ð² ÑÑÐµÑÐµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð° Ð² Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð° Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Â«ÐÐµÐ½ÐµÐ´Ð¶Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÂ», ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Â«Ð£Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼Â», Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð².
Formal contracting and state–business relations in Russia. A case study from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Creators: name: Pape, Ulla
name: Klimovich, Stanislav
name: Bluhm, Katharina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: state–business relations
subject: formal contracting
subject: Russia
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: The Russian state requires companies to invest in welfare provision and to conclude socio-economic cooperation agreements (SECAs) with regional administrations. Based on empirical evidence from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, this article analyses state-business interactions at the subnational level. We show that state and business actors have formalised their resource exchange in the SECAs. Because of the agreements' adaptive nature, both parties are able to manage their respective obligations and risks within an authoritarian and highly volatile environment. We identify four patterns of contractual relations, depending on the companies' production capacities and their commitment to providing social investments in the region.
title: A Mixed-Methods Study Investigating How a Video Club Professional Development Relates to Teachers' Mindsets, Beliefs, and Reflections on Instructional Practices
Creators: name: Kinder, Amy Lynn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: One of the most significant barriers to changing instructional practices is often the teacher's mindsets and beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics. This study identifies a promising new type of video club professional development that supports teachers in examining their instructional practices and mindsets. This is an important addition to the field due to educators and researchers are just beginning to understand more about how mindset mediates and filters belief systems that impact how instruction is implemented. The purpose of this convergent parallel mixed-methods study is to provide a deeper understanding of how the experience of engaging in video club professional development relates to teachers' mindsets, beliefs, and reflections on instructional practices. Three sources of data were analyzed: a survey, video transcripts of collaborative discussions, and written reflections. These study results extend the current video club research by including established teachers and instructional coaches. Patterns and trends emerging from this mixed method study indicate that engaging in professional development designed with repeated opportunities to (re)examine mindsets, reflect on instructional practices, and collaborate with peers causes changes in teachers' mindsets. This study adds that changes in mindsets and instruction are more likely to occur if teachers can collaboratively reconcile how new instructional strategies align with their current mathematics beliefs and mindsets. Adding a mindset component to professional development may be a promising approach to assist teachers in refining their instructional practices while examining and resetting their mindsets and beliefs.
Host-Associated Bacterial Communities Vary Between Daphnia galeata Genotypes but Not by Host Genetic Distance
Creators: name: Rajarajan, Amruta
name: Wolinska, Justyna
name: Walser, Jean-Claude
name: Dennis, Stuart R.
name: Spaak, Piet
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 16S rDNA
subject: Bacteria
subject: Cladocera
subject: Microbiome
subject: Zooplankton
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Host genotype may shape host-associated bacterial communities (commonly referred to as microbiomes). We sought to determine (a) whether bacterial communities vary among host genotypes in the water flea Daphnia galeata and (b) if this difference is driven by the genetic distance between host genotypes, by using D. galeata genotypes hatched from sediments of different time periods. We used 16S amplicon sequencing to profile the gut and body bacterial communities of eight D. galeata genotypes hatched from resting eggs; these were isolated from two distinct sediment layers (dating to 1989 and 2009) of a single sediment core of the lake Greifensee, and maintained in a common garden in laboratory cultures for 5 years. In general, bacterial community composition varied in both the Daphnia guts and bodies; but not between genotypes from different sediment layers. Specifically, genetic distances between host genotypes did not correlate with beta diversity of bacterial communities in Daphnia guts and bodies. Our results indicate that Daphnia bacterial community structure is to some extent determined by a host genetic component, but that genetic distances between hosts do not correlate with diverging bacterial communities.
Additional file 1 of Enhancing the salt stress resistance of seeds and seedlings via a brassinolide sustained release agent system
Creators: name: Zhong, Ximing
name: Lan, Ruopeng
name: Su, Guofeng
name: Hao, Li
name: Xu, Hua
name: Zhou, Hongjun
name: Zhou, Xinhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. DTG curves of BR, MSN, and BR@MSN. Fig. S2 Higuchi and Hixson–Crowell fitting release curves of BR@MSN. Fig. S3 Chlorophyll b content of the cucumber seedlings after foliar application of BR@MSN.
Stereotype threat in learning situations? An investigation among language minority students
Creators: name: König, Sabrina
name: Stang-Rabrig, Justine
name: Hannover, Bettina
name: Zander, Lysann
name: McElvany, Nele
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Elementary school students
subject: Identification with the culture of residence
subject: Language minority students
subject: Stereotype threat
subject: Vocabulary learning
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Stereotype threat (ST) is a potential explanation for inequalities in language competencies observed between students from different language backgrounds. Language competencies are an important prerequisite for educational success, wherefore the significance for investigation arises. While ST effects on achievement are empirically well documented, little is known about whether ST also impairs learning. Thus, we investigated vocabulary learning in language minority elementary school students, also searching for potential moderators. In a pre-post design, 240 fourth-grade students in Germany who were on average 10 years old (MAge = 9.92, SD = 0.64; 49.8% female) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: implicit ST, explicit ST without threat removal before posttest, explicit ST with threat removal before posttest, and a control group. Results showed that learning difficult vocabulary from reading two narrative texts was unaffected by ST. Neither students’ identification with their culture of residence and culture of origin nor stereotyped domain of reading were moderators. The findings are discussed with regard to content and methodological aspects such that a motivation effect might have undermined a possible ST effect. Implications for future research include examining the question at what age children become susceptible to ST and whether students have internalized negative stereotypes about their own group, which could increase the likelihood of ST effects occurring.
SNe observations in a meatball universe with a local void
Creators: name: Kainulainen, Kimmo
name: Marra, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of cosmic inhomogeneities on the interpretation of observations. We build an inhomogeneous universe model without dark energy that can confront supernova data and yet is reasonably well compatible with the Copernican Principle. Our model combines a relatively small local void, that gives apparent acceleration at low redshifts, with a meatball model that gives sizeable lensing (dimming) at high redshifts. Together these two elements, which focus on different effects of voids on the data, allow the model to mimic the concordance model.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; replaced to match the version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Compatibility between shape equation and boundary conditions of lipid membranes with free edges
Creators: name: Tu, Z. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Only some special open surfaces satisfying the shape equation of lipid membranes can be compatible with the boundary conditions. As a result of this compatibility, the first integral of the shape equation should vanish for axisymmetric lipid membranes, from which two theorems of non-existence are verified: (i) There is no axisymmetric open membrane being a part of torus satisfying the shape equation; (ii) There is no axisymmetric open membrane being a part of a biconcave discodal surface satisfying the shape equation. Additionally, the shape equation is reduced to a second-order differential equation while the boundary conditions are reduced to two equations due to this compatibility. Numerical solutions to the reduced shape equation and boundary conditions agree well with the experimental data [A. Saitoh \emph{et al.}, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA \textbf{95}, 1026 (1998)].
description: 6 journal pages, 4 figures
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Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
Creators: name: Caliendo, Marco
name: Graeber, Daniel
name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Seebauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Self-employment
subject: COVID-19
subject: mental health
subject: gender
subject: representative longitudinal survey data
subject: PHQ-4 score
subject: resilience
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.
Introducing Aliphatic Fluoropeptides: Perspectives on Folding Properties, Membrane Partition and Proteolytic Stability
Creators: name: Hohmann, Thomas
name: Chowdhary, Suvrat
name: Ataka, Kenichi
name: Er, Jasmin
name: Dreyhsig, Gesa Heather
name: Heberle, Joachim
name: Koksch, Beate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Foldamers
subject: Fluorinated biomaterials
subject: Fluoropeptides
subject: Fluorous amino acids
subject: Membrane disruption
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A de novo designed class of peptide-based fluoropolymers composed of fluorinated aliphatic amino acids as main components is reported. Structural characterization provided insights into fluorine-induced alterations on β-strand to α-helix transition upon an increase in SDS content and revealed the unique formation of PPII structures for trifluorinated fluoropeptides. A combination of circular dichroism, fluorescence-based leaking assays and surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy served to examine the insertion and folding processes into unilamellar vesicles. While partitioning into lipid bilayers, the degree of fluorination conducts a decrease in α-helical content. Furthermore, this study comprises a report on the proteolytic stability of peptides exclusively built up by fluorinated amino acids and proved all sequences to be enzymatically degradable despite the degree of fluorination. Herein presented fluoropeptides as well as the distinctive properties of these artificial and polyfluorinated foldamers with enzyme-degradable features will play a crucial role in the future development of fluorinated peptide-based biomaterials.