cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of Floor Covering Composition on Force Attenuation during Falls, Wheelchair Mobility, and Slip Resistance
Creators: Hales, Michael
Johnson, John David
Asbury, Gary
Evans, Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2015

The older adult (65+ years old) population faces various risks when performing activities of daily living. Individuals capable of walking are susceptible to falling or slipping, and individuals that ambulate using a manual wheelchair have a high incidence of upper extremity injuries and are susceptible to falls during transfers. These leading causes of injury are inherent to the aging population and their elimination might be unattainable; however, a reduction in injury would be expected if floor compositions could reduce slipping hazards, impact forces, and rolling resistance.
Effect of the 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod on the expression of GRK2 and GRK6 in the rat gastrointestinal tract
Creators: name: Nedi, Teshome
name: White, Paul J
name: Coupar, Ian M
name: Irving, Helen
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310111
subject: Signal transduction
classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3214
subject: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

description: Objective: Tegaserod is a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, formerly used in treating constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome, which desensitizes 5-HT4 receptors in rat oesophagus and colon in vitro. Desensitization of 5-HT4 receptors is regulated by G-protein coupled receptor kinases. This study was designed to assess the effect of 5-HT4 receptor activation on the expression of GRK2 and GRK6 in the rat oesophagus and distal colon by acute administration of tegaserod. Results: Rats were treated with a single dose of tegaserod (5 mg/kg) and tissue samples of the oesophagus and distal colon were prepared and level of GRK2 and GRK6 protein expression was determined using western blotting. The immunodensity of GRK2 and GRK6 was normalized against the loading control β-actin and compared with control animals. Acute administration of tegaserod for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h did not change significantly the immunodensity of GRK2 or GRK6 in the oesophagus or GRK2 in the distal colon when compared with control animals. This may indicate that the basal level of GRK2 and GRK6 expression is sufficient to regulate the desensitization of 5-HT4 receptors in acute drug treatment.
Loss of PTEN expression is associated with increased risk of recurrence after prostatectomy for clinically-localized prostate cancer
Creators: name: Chaux, Alcides
name: Peskoe, Sarah B.
name: González-Roibón, Nilda
name: Hicks, Jessica
name: Schultz, Luciana
name: Albadine, Roula
name: Marzo, Angelo M. De
name: Platz, Elizabeth A.
name: Netto, George J.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: PTEN is one of the most frequently lost tumor suppressor genes in human cancers and it has been described in more than two-thirds of patients with advanced/aggressive prostate cancer. Previous studies suggest that, in prostate cancer, genomic PTEN loss is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis.

DESIGN: We evaluated whether immunohistochemical PTEN expression in prostate cancer glands was associated with higher risk of recurrence using a nested case-control study that included 451 men who recurred and 451 men who did not recur with clinically-localized prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Recurrence was defined as biochemical recurrence, local recurrence, development of clinical evidence of metastasis, or death from prostate carcinoma. Cases and controls were matched on pathological T stage, Gleason score, race/ethnicity, and age at surgery. Odds ratios (OR) of recurrence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression to account for the matching factors and to adjust for year of surgery, preoperative PSA concentrations, and status of surgical margins.

RESULTS: Men who recurred had a higher proportion of PTEN negative expression (15.7% vs.11.3%, P = .05) and PTEN loss (39.8% vs. 31.4%, P = .02) than controls. Men with markedly decreased PTEN staining had a higher risk of recurrence (OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.09, 2.57; P = .02) when compared with all other men.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with clinically-localized prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy, decreased PTEN expression was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, independent of known clinicopathologic factors.
Women's attitude towards wife-beating and its relationship with reproductive healthcare seeking behavior: A countrywide population survey in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
name: Islam, Md
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that has substantial consequences on the physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health of women. This study examined the association between women’s attitudes towards wife-beating and their utilization of reproductive healthcare services. Method: Two waves of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data were analyzed using multivariate regression. Outcome variables were a set of reproductive healthcare services, namely contraception use, modern contraception use, antenatal visit by skilled health professionals (SHP), delivery in healthcare facilities, delivery by SHP and postnatal check up by SHP. Attitudes towards abuse were assessed by a set of five questions that asked the situation under which ‘hitting or beating’ one’s wife is justifiable. Results: Around 32% of the participants reported that hitting or beating wife by husband was justified in certain situations. There is a gradient in the relationship between number of healthcare services accessed and number of situations justified for beating wife. Women who strongly reject the justification of wife beating were more likely than those who reject that weakly to report contraception use, antenatal care by SHP, delivery in healthcare facilities, delivery care by SHP, and postnatal care by SHP. Conclusions: Women’s attitudes towards ‘wife beating’ have a significant association with reproductive healthcare seeking behavior. The impact of this malpractice on women’s health and consequences thereafter need to be brought in the forefront of public health campaign.
Src Cooperates with Oncogenic Ras in Tumourigenesis via the JNK and PI3K Pathways in Drosophila epithelial Tissue
Creators: name: Poon, Carole
name: Brumby, Anthony
name: Richardson, Helena
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3105
subject: Genetics
classificationCode: 3107
subject: Microbiology
classificationCode: 3404
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry

description: The Ras oncogene (Rat Sarcoma oncogene, a small GTPase) is a key driver of human cancer, however alone it is insufficient to produce malignancy, due to the induction of cell cycle arrest or senescence. In a Drosophila melanogaster genetic screen for genes that cooperate with oncogenic Ras (bearing the RasV12 mutation, or RasACT), we identified the Drosophila Src (Sarcoma virus oncogene) family non-receptor tyrosine protein kinase genes, Src42A and Src64B, as promoting increased hyperplasia in a whole epithelial tissue context in the Drosophila eye. Moreover, overexpression of Src cooperated with RasACT in epithelial cell clones to drive neoplastic tumourigenesis. We found that Src overexpression alone activated the Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway to promote actin cytoskeletal and cell polarity defects and drive apoptosis, whereas, in cooperation with RasACT, JNK led to a loss of differentiation and an invasive phenotype. Src + RasACT cooperative tumourigenesis was dependent on JNK as well as Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) signalling, suggesting that targeting these pathways might provide novel therapeutic opportunities in cancers dependent on Src and Ras signalling.
Priority issues for pressure injury research: an Australian consensus study
Creators: name: Haesler, Emily
name: Carville, Keryln
name: Haesler, Paul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4204
subject: Midwifery
classificationCode: 4205
subject: Nursing

description: Pressure injuries are a significant health concern in all clinical settings. The current body of research on pressure injuries reported in the literature presents primarily low level evidence. The purpose of the current study was to identify and prioritize pressure injury research issues. The approach entailed evidence scoping and implementing a formal consensus process using a modified nominal group technique based on the Research and Development/University of California at Los Angeles appropriateness method. Sixteen Australian pressure injury experts participated in five consensus voting rounds in May to June 2015. From 60 initial research issues, the experts reached agreement that 26 issues are a priority for future pressure injury research. The highest priorities were strategies to assess skin and tissues, appropriate outcome measures for indicators of pressure injury healing and recurrence, heel pressure off-loading and shear reduction strategies, economic cost of pressure injuries and their management and effectiveness of skin moisturizers and barrier products. Developing a prioritized research agenda, informed by clinical and academic pressure injury experts, can assist in reducing the burden of pressure injuries by identifying topics of the highest need for further research. A web-based nominal group voting process was successful in engaging expert decision-making and has wide-reaching international appeal in facilitating cost-effective consensus methodologies. The priority list generated from this research is currently used in Australia to inform government investment in pressure injury research.
Appendix 1.docx
Creators: name: Moynan, Eva
name: Galvin, Rose
name: Robinson, Katie
name: MESKELL, PAULINE
name: BOLAND, PAULINE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study aims to explore the experiences of homecare workers in navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative interpretative approach will be applied in this study through the facilitation of focus groups with homecare workers. Appendix one is a focus group guide used by researchers to base interviews around.
Priority issues for pressure injury research: an Australian consensus study
Creators: name: Haesler, Emily
name: Carville, Keryln
name: Haesler, Paul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022

description: Pressure injuries are a significant health concern in all clinical settings. The current body of research on pressure injuries reported in the literature presents primarily low level evidence. The purpose of the current study was to identify and prioritize pressure injury research issues. The approach entailed evidence scoping and implementing a formal consensus process using a modified nominal group technique based on the Research and Development/University of California at Los Angeles appropriateness method. Sixteen Australian pressure injury experts participated in five consensus voting rounds in May to June 2015. From 60 initial research issues, the experts reached agreement that 26 issues are a priority for future pressure injury research. The highest priorities were strategies to assess skin and tissues, appropriate outcome measures for indicators of pressure injury healing and recurrence, heel pressure off-loading and shear reduction strategies, economic cost of pressure injuries and their management and effectiveness of skin moisturizers and barrier products. Developing a prioritized research agenda, informed by clinical and academic pressure injury experts, can assist in reducing the burden of pressure injuries by identifying topics of the highest need for further research. A web-based nominal group voting process was successful in engaging expert decision-making and has wide-reaching international appeal in facilitating cost-effective consensus methodologies. The priority list generated from this research is currently used in Australia to inform government investment in pressure injury research.
Candidate metabolites for methane mitigation in the forage legume biserrula
Creators: name: Ghamkhar, Kioumars
name: Rochfort, Simone
name: Banik, Bidhyut Kumar
name: Revell, Clinton
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: The forage legume species biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) is among a few forage species with low enteric methane emission when fermented by rumen microbes and it is unclear whether metabolites in biserrula play a role in this. The hypothesis of this study was that specific metabolites in biserrula are candidate biomarkers for and associated with low methanogenesis. We characterized the metabolomic profiles of 30 accessions of biserrula or its core collection using nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. These profiles were then analyzed for association with methanogenesis potential in the rumen. Metabolomic profile was predictive of methanogenesis. Forty-seven putative metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that were highly expressed (P < 0.05) in the associations with low methanogenic potential. Fragmentation analysis of a subset of these metabolites suggested saponins, with one feature tentatively identified as an ursolic or oleanolic terpene glucoside, consistent with the nuclear magnetic resonance data. Accessions with Eritrean geographic origin were metabolomic outliers. Here, we show for the first time that some metabolites contribute to the methane mitigation effects of biserrula. If in vivo results confirm this, the environmental impact of this study would be the availability of biomolecules for livestock vaccination to mitigate methane emission resulting in an economic impact of lower cost of production in countries with a price on environmental emissions.
Quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending Australian bird and mammal extinctions
Creators: name: Geyle, Hayley M
name: Woinarski, John CZ
name: Baker, G Barry
name: Dickman, Chris R
name: Dutson, Guy
name: Fisher, Diana O
name: Ford, Hugh
name: Holdsworth, Mark
name: Jones, Menna E
name: Kutt, Alex
name: Legge, Sarah
name: Leiper, Ian
name: Loyn, Richard
name: Murphy, Brett P
name: Menkhorst, Peter
name: Reside, April E
name: Ritchie, Euan G
name: Roberts, Finley E
name: Tingley, Reid
name: Garnett, Stephen T
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: A critical step towards reducing the incidence of extinction is to identify and rank the species at highest risk, while implementing protective measures to reduce the risk of extinction to such species. Existing global processes provide a graded categorisation of extinction risk. Here we seek to extend and complement those processes to focus more narrowly on the likelihood of extinction of the most imperilled Australian birds and mammals. We considered an extension of existing IUCN and NatureServe criteria, and used expert elicitation to rank the extinction risk to the most imperilled species, assuming current management. On the basis of these assessments, and using two additional approaches, we estimated the number of extinctions likely to occur in the next 20 years. The estimates of extinction risk derived from our tighter IUCN categorisations, NatureServe assessments and expert elicitation were poorly correlated, with little agreement among methods for which species were most in danger-highlighting the importance of integrating multiple approaches when considering extinction risk. Mapped distributions of the 20 most imperilled birds reveal that most are endemic to islands or occur in southern Australia. The 20 most imperilled mammals occur mostly in northern and central Australia. While there were some differences in the forecasted number of extinctions in the next 20 years among methods, all three approaches predict further species loss. Overall, we estimate that another seven Australian mammals and 10 Australian birds will be extinct by 2038 unless management improves.
Immunohistochemical expression of AIM1 in normal prostate and in primary and metastatic prostate carcinoma
Creators: name: Haffner, Michael C.
name: Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
name: Netto, George J.
name: Chaux, Alcides
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: INTRODUCTION: Absent in melanoma 1 (AIM1) is a novel actin-interacting protein that shows tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer. We have recently shown that loss of AIM1 increases actin remodeling and promotes cell invasion and cell motility in prostate epithelial cells. Herein we evaluated the expression pattern of AIM1 in normal prostate epithelium, primary prostate cancer, and lymph node metastases.

MATERIAL & METHODS: To evaluate the expression pattern of AIM1in human tissues we developed a novel AIM1 specific antibody and validated its specificity. To assess the co-localization of AIM1 and actin we performed co-immunofluorescence labeling. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate AIM1 expression in a set of 59 normal prostate tissues, 68 primary adenocarcinoma and 52 lymph node metastases. 336 tissue microarray spots were analyzed: 52 spots corresponded to lymph nodes, 138 spots to nontumor prostate, and 146 spots to prostate carcinoma. AIM1 expression was evaluated separately in the membrane and in the cytoplasm. An H-score was used to evaluate stain intensity (0-3+) and extent (0%-100%), for both membranous and cytoplasmic staining. Scores between nontumor prostate, prostate cancer, and lymph node metastasis were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, adjusting for tied values. Pairwise comparisons were done using the Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: In normal prostate epithelial cells AIM1 strongly co-localized with the actin cytoskeleton resulting in a membranous staining pattern. In primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma the distribution of AIM1 was dramatically altered, and AIM1 showed diffuse cytoplasmatic staining and a strongly decreased co-localization with the actin cytoskeleton. Membranous AIM1 expression was significantly higher in normal prostate epithelium compared to prostate cancer (P=0.0001). Conversely, cytoplasmic AIM1 expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate epithelium (P=0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Redistribution of AIM1 from a membranous staining pattern in the normal epithelium to a diffuse cytoplasmatic localization in invasive lesions is an almost universal phenotype of prostate adenocarcinoma. It remains to be shown if this mislocalization of AIM1 is directly mechanistically linked with tumor cell invasion and metastatic dissemination.
Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic value of ARID1A in invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder
Creators: name: Faraj, Sheila F
name: González-Roibón, Nilda
name: Chaux, Alcides
name: Munari, Enrico
name: Ellis, Carla
name: Driscoli, Tina
name: Schoenberg, Mark P
name: Bivalacqua, Trinity J
name: Ie-Ming Shih
name: Netto, George J.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) is a tumor suppressor gene member of the chromatin remodeling genes family. Inactivation of ARID1A has been demonstrated in gynecologic malignancies. Only one study has previously addressed its status in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) showing inactivating mutations in less than one sixth of UC. Our study assesses the immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A in UC.

DESIGN: Five tissue microarrays were constructed from 104 cystectomies performed in our institution for invasive UC (1994 to 2007). FFPE paired tumor and benign samples were spotted 3-4 times each. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-ARID1A (BAF250A) antibody (HPA005456, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). H score representing the sum of nuclear staining intensity (0 to 3+) X extent (0% 100%) was calculated in each spot. Median H score per tumor was used during analysis. ARID1A expression was correlated with clinicopathologic features and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). H-scores above the 4th quartile were considered as indicative of high expression.

RESULTS: Median ARID1A H score was 264 (range: 35-300). UC showed significantly higher expression than paired normal samples (P<0.001). ARID1A expression did not correlate with any of analyzed clinicopathologic features (gender, race, tumor stage, presence of lymph node or visceral metastasis). We found no statistically significant difference of expression between UC of usual and divergent differentiation (p=0.40). Median follow up was 34.5 months (range: 1-143 months). OS and DSS rates were 60% and 63%, respectively. We found a statistically significant association between ARID1A high expression and worse DSS (Mantel-Cox P=0.009). The latter was maintained on multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR=2.71, P=0.012). Although a trend for a negative prognostic impact of high ARID1A expression was noted for OS, the trend was not statistically significant (Mantel-Cox P=0.059).

CONCLUSIONS: ARID1A expression was higher in invasive UC compared to paired benign urothelium. ARID1A high expression was associated with worse DSS. The potentially protective effect for ARID1A inactivation on survival merits further evaluation in a larger cohort.
Immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A in penile squamous cell carcinomas
Creators: name: Chaux, Alcides
name: González-Roibón, Nilda
name: Faraj, Sheila F.
name: Munari, Enrico
name: Ie-Ming Shih
name: Cubilla, Antonio L.
name: Netto, George J.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: ARID1A, a member of the chromatin remodeling genes family, has been suggested as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gynecologic malignancies. However, its role in penile cancer has yet to be determined. This study assesses the immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A in invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

DESIGN: 112 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded penile SCC from Paraguay were used to build 4 tissue microarrays (TMA). Each tumor was sampled 3-12 times. Histologic subtyping and grading was done using recently published criteria (Hum Pathol 2012;43:771). ARID1A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-ARID1A (BAF250A) antibody (HPA005456, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). An H score is calculated in each spot as the sum of expression intensity (0-3+) by extent (0%-100%). Median H score per case was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Distribution of subtypes was as follows: usual SCC, 48 cases; warty-basaloid carcinoma, 25 cases; warty carcinoma, 16 cases; basaloid carcinoma, 11 cases; papillary carcinoma, 9 cases; and 1 case each of sarcomatoid, verrucous, and usual-verrucous (hybrid) carcinomas. Distribution of histologic grades was as follows: grade 1, 5 cases; grade 2, 30 cases; grade 3, 77 cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was detected by PCR in 20 of 52 (38%) analyzed samples. ARID1A expression was observed in all cases, ranging from 3% to 100% of tumor cells (median, 95%). In 96 cases (86%) ARID1A expression was observed in 90% or more of tumor cells. ARID1A expression was not associated with histologic subtype (P=0.79) or HPV status (P=0.18). However, the Kruskal-Wallis test yielded a P=0.054 for the association between ARID1A and histologic grade. The Cuzick test showed that this trend was significant (P=0.026).

CONCLUSION: ARID1A is expressed in penile SCC, in most cases at high levels. A significant trend was found between histologic grade and ARID1A expression, with higher ARID1A expression at higher histologic grades. The implications of our findings for penile cancer oncogenesis and prognosis merits further investigation.
Canadian Pacific Railway timetables
Creators: name: Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Pamphlet-form timetables for passenger trains produced by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company for Western (Folder C) and Eastern (Folder B) or both (Folder A) lines. Includes timetables for the following dates. Folder C: 29 Sept. 1940, 29 Jun. 1941. Folder B: 26 Jul. 1942, 28 Nov. 1943, and 26 Sept. 1948. Folder A: 27 Jun. 1943, 29 Apr. 1945, 24 Jun. 1945 (two copies), 27 Apr. 1947, 30 Nov. 1947, 26 Nov. 1948, 24 Apr. 1949, 30 Oct. 1949 (two copies), 25 Nov. 1945, 9 Jun. 1946, 23 Feb. 1947 (two copies), and 5. Dec. 1948.
Elevated [CO2] mitigates the effect of surface drought by stimulating root growth to access sub-soil water
Creators: name: Uddin, Shihab
name: Löw, Markus
name: Parvin, Shahnaj
name: Fitzgerald, Glenn J
name: Tausz-Posch, Sabine
name: Armstrong, Roger
name: O’Leary, Garry
name: Tausz, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
classificationCode: 3004
subject: Crop and pasture production
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3108
subject: Plant biology

description: Through stimulation of root growth, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may facilitate access of crops to sub-soil water, which could potentially prolong physiological activity in dryland environments, particularly because crops are more water use efficient under elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). This study investigated the effect of drought in shallow soil versus sub-soil on agronomic and physiological responses of wheat to e[CO2] in a glasshouse experiment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) was grown in split-columns with the top (0–30 cm) and bottom (31–60 cm; ‘sub-soil’) soil layer hydraulically separated by a wax-coated, root-penetrable layer under ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], *400 μmol mol-1) or e [CO2] (*700 μmol mol-1) [CO2]. Drought was imposed from stem-elongation in either the top or bottom soil layer or both by withholding 33% of the irrigation, resulting in four water treatments (WW, WD, DW, DD; D = drought, W = well-watered, letters denote water treatment in top and bottom soil layer, respectively). Leaf gas exchange was measured weekly from stem-elongation until anthesis. Above-and belowground biomass, grain yield and yield components were evaluated at three developmental stages (stem-elongation, anthesis and maturity). Compared with a[CO2], net assimilation rate was higher and stomatal conductance was lower under e[CO2], resulting in greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Elevated [CO2] stimulated both above- and belowground biomass as well as grain yield, however, this stimulation was greater under well-watered (WW) than drought (DD) throughout the whole soil profile. Imposition of drought in either or both soil layers decreased aboveground biomass and grain yield under both [CO2] compared to the well-watered treatment. However, the greatest ‘CO2 fertilisation effect’ was observed when drought was imposed in the top soil layer only (DW), and this was associated with e[CO2]-stimulation of root growth especially in the well-watered bottom layer. We suggest that stimulation of belowground biomass under e[CO2] will allow better access to sub-soil water during grain filling period, when additional water is converted into additional yield with high efficiency in Mediterranean-type dryland agro-ecosystems. If sufficient water is available in the sub-soil, e[CO2] may help mitigating the effect of drying surface soil.
Decreased BRG1 expression in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, a potential role for a tumor suppressor gene inactivation in oncogenesis
Creators: name: Munari, Enrico
name: Chaux, Alcides
name: Faraj, Sheila F
name: González-Roibón, Nilda D
name: Sharma, Rajni
name: Netto, George J
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: BRG1/SMARCA4, a member of the SWI/SNF complex, is involved in ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling processes that are critical for cellular differentiation, DNA repair and proliferation. Several studies have demonstrated a tumor suppressor role for BRG1 in different types of cancer. Moreover, BRG1 is a direct target of microRNA-21 that is upregulated in a variety of malignancies including renal cell carcinoma, suggesting a potential role in the oncogenesis of renal tumors. To our knowledge, BRG1 expression has not been studied in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Our aim was to evaluate BRG1 expression in primary and metastatic ccRCC and to determine its potential role as a prognosticator.

DESIGN: 70 primary ccRCC and 41 unrelated metastatic ccRCC were used to build 3 tissue microarrays (TMA) with triplicate spots per case. Additionally, paired non-neoplastic kidney tissue was included in all primary cases. BRG1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. An H-score representing the sum of staining intensity (0-3) by extent (0-100%) was calculated in each spot. The median H-score per case was used for statistical analyses. Follow-up data was available in 48/70 primary ccRCC patients and in all 41 patients with metastatic ccRCC. Median follow-up was 33.5 months (range: 2 to 231 months). Outcome endpoints of the study included overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and tumor progression.

RESULTS: BRG1 expression was significantly decreased in primary and metastatic ccRCC compared to normal kidney (P=0.0001). BRG1 expression was similar in primary and metastatic ccRCC (P=0.70). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, BRG1 expression was not associated with overall survival (HR=1.001, P=0.68), cancer-specific survival (HR=0.99, P=0.72), or tumor progression (HR=0.99, P=0.81).

CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of decreased BRG1 expression in primary and metastatic ccRCC compared to paired non-neoplastic renal tissue, points to a potential role for BRG1 tumor suppressor gene inactivation in ccRCC oncogenesis. The findings merit further investigation. BRG1 expression failed to predict outcome in our cohort of ccRCC.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in penile squamous carcinomas
Creators: name: Netto, George J.
name: Cubilla, Antonio L.
name: Sharma, Rajni
name: Lecksell, Kristen
name: Katz, Betina
name: Chaux, Alcides
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been described in a variety of tumors but experience in penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is scant. Current adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment options for penile cancer can be improved by the identification of new targets of therapy. Herein, we evaluated EGFR expression in a large set of penile SCC.

DESIGN: EGFR immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in 112 cases of penile SCC, from which 4 tissue microarrays (TMA) were built. TMA spots were scanned using the APERIO system and uploaded to the TMAJ platform (http://tmaj.pathology.jhmi.edu). Scanned images were digitally-analyzed with ImageJ (http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij) and the immunomembrane plug-in (http://imtmicroscope.uta.fi/immunomembrane). Staining completeness (0–10 points) and intensity (0–10 points) were added for a combined score (0–20 points). Cases were classified as it follows: EGFR negative, 0–3 points; low expression, 4–8 points; high expression, 9–20 points.

RESULTS: 50 cases (45%) showed high EGFR expression, 49 cases (44%) demonstrated low EGFR expression, and 13 cases (11%) were negative. No association was observed with histological subtype (Fisher's P = .55) or histological grade (Fisher's P = .62).

CONCLUSION: EGFR is frequently overexpressed in penile SCC,  with high levels in almost one-half of the cases. EGFR expression is not related to histological subtype or grade. These results suggest a potential role for EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with penile carcinomas.
Prescribing wellness: comprehensive pain management outside specialist services
Creators: name: Holliday, Simon
name: Hayes, Chris
name: Jones, Lester
name: Gordon, Jill
name: Harris, Newman
name: Nicholas, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3214
subject: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

description: Opioids have important roles in the time-limited treatment of acute and cancer pain, end-of-life pain or dyspnoea, and in opioid dependency. Maintaining focus on biomedical treatments, including drugs, has limited success in chronic pain. Active self-management and healthy lifestyle choices are fundamental to addressing multisystem complexity and harnessing neuroplasticity in chronic pain. Addressing psychosocial maladaptations and physical deconditioning requires a variety of approaches, frequently involving multiple care providers. In practice, most pain care is delivered outside specialist centres by GPs and other non-pain specialists. Although they are well placed to provide multimodal care, they often lack training and confidence in delivering this care.
Understanding willingness to use oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China
Creators: name: Wang, Xia
name: Bourne, Adam
name: Liu, Pulin
name: Sun, Jiangli
name: Cai, Thomas
name: Mburu, Gitau
name: Cassolato, Matteo
name: Wang, Bangyuan
name: Zhou, Wang
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Background: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended as an additional prevention choice for men who have sex with men (MSM) at substantial risk of HIV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent, and reasons, for MSM’s willingness to use oral PrEP in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Methods: Between May and December 2015, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 487 MSM recruited through snowball sampling in physical locations frequented by MSM and through social media applications. Exploratory factor analysis was used to group reasons for being willing or not willing to use PrEP. Chi-square tests were used to explore bivariate associations between groupings of reasons for being willing or unwilling to use PrEP, and key sociodemographic and sexual-behavioral characteristics of MSM. Results: Overall, 71.3% of respondents were willing to use PrEP. The most commonly reported reasons for being willing to use PrEP were preventing HIV infection (91.6%), taking responsibility for own sexual health (72.6%) and protecting family members from harm (59.4%). The main reasons for being unwilling to use PrEP were being worried about side effects (72.9%), the necessity of taking PrEP for long periods of time (54.3%) and cost (40.4%). Individual characteristics that influenced the type of reasons given for being willing or unwilling to use PrEP included being married to a woman, having a regular sex partner, rates of condom use with regular and casual sex partners, and the number of casual sex partners. Conclusion: The introduction of PrEP in China could benefit from promotion campaigns that emphasize its role in preventing HIV infection, in taking responsibility for own sexual health, and in protecting family members from potential harm. To reduce uptake barriers, it will be essential to provide accurate information to potential PrEP users about the mild and short-term nature of side effects, and the possibility of taking PrEP only during particular periods of life when the risk of HIV exposure might be highest.
Energía disponible a partir de biomasa de residuos de caña de azúcar (saccharum spp.)
Creators: name: Debernardi-De La Vequia, H.
name: Ortiz-Laurel, H
name: Rosas-Calleja, D
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biomass
subject: calorific power
subject: bioenergy

description: The biomass generated from sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) cultivation in México is an important factor in terms of renewable energy. In the 2013-2014 harvest, 52,246508 t of sugar cane were milled in 52 sugar plants, and the energetically usable sugar cane biomass is sugar pulp and tips of the stalks. The sugar pulp represents 30 % of the harvestable stalks and it is the fibrous residue that results from the process used to extract sugar; it is obtained with an average of 50 % moisture, equivalent to 19.5 t ha1 of sugar pulp and 3.9 t ha1 of fuel. The tips are the plant residue that is left on the field after the harvest and they contain 80 % moisture, representing in average 25 % of the yield, equivalent to 16.8 t ha1, that are equivalent to 2.5 t ha1 of fuel. These values are determined with a calorimetric pump and for the calculation, the lower calorific power of the biomass was considered; for this purpose, the latent vaporization heat was calculated to obtain the energetic yield, in terms of net energy. The equivalence in usable energy was 57 277 234.6 TJ, considering the tips and the sugar pulp. The process used to obtain sugar can be carried out without using fossil fuels or additional energy to what is produced by the sugar pulp, since the mechanical energy consumption is 25–30 kWh t1 of sugar cane and vapor consumption for the process is 450-550 kg t1 of the sugar cane. Thus, the equivalent energetic value obtained from one ton of sugar cane ranges from 1.15 to 1.31 barrels of oil; therefore, the total available energy value in the harvest of reference would be 9 870 441.88 barrels of petroleum.
Viral Vector Mimicking And Nucleus Targeted Nanoparticles Based On Dexamethasone Conjugated Polyethylenimine Nano-Liposomes: Preparation And Evaluation Of Transfection Efficiency
Creators: name: Oskuee, Reza Kazemi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cationic liposome
Polyethylenimine
dexamethasone
Lipopolyplex
Gene delivery

description: Non-viral vectors such as polymers and liposomes have been used for gene delivery systems to overcome intrinsic problems of viral vectors, but transfection efficiency of these vectors is lower than viral vectors. In the present study, we conjugated dexamethasone (Dexa) to branched polyethylenimine (b-PEI), in combinations with cationic liposomes as a nonviral system to improve transfection efficiency.  Cationic liposomes containing DOTAP and cholesterol were prepared by thin-film hydration following extrusion method. Dexamethasone mesylate was synthesized and conjugated to polyethylenimine by a one-step reaction. A novel gene delivery system, Lipopolyplex was developed by premixing liposome and different Mw of bPEI-Dexa as carriers following by addition of plasmid at three different C/P ratios. The resultant complexes were characterized for their size, zeta potential and ability of DNA condensation. Luciferase reporter gene was used for determination of transfection efficiency in neuro2A cells. Also, the toxicity of gene carriers was investigated in this cell line.   Mean particle size of prepared complexes was less than 200 nm and there was no significant difference in size by increasing molecular weight of PEIs. All complexes had positive surface charge. Complete condensation of DNA was occurred at C/P ratio of 1 for all complexes. lipopolyplexes were more efficient than polyplexes and lipoplexes alone and  transfection efficiency was improved by adding dexamethasone. Complexes containing liposome, PEI 10 kDa and dexamethasone had the highest transfection activity. Furthermore, non-viral vectors described in this study showed low cytotoxicity.  The results of this study confirm that PEI in combination with liposome as lipopolyplex have low toxicity and may enhance transfection efficiency. Moreover, conjugation of dexamethasone to PEI, in combination with cationic liposome might be useful for the gene delivery
The currency, completeness and quality of systematic reviews of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A comprehensive evidence map
Creators: name: Synnot, Anneliese
name: Bragge, Peter
name: Lunny, Carole
name: Menon, David
name: Clavisi, Ornella
name: Pattuwage, Loyal
name: Volovici, Victor
name: Mondello, Stefania
name: Cnossen, Maryse C
name: Donoghue, Emma
name: Gruen, Russell L
name: Maas, Andrew
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: To appraise the currency, completeness and quality of evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: We conducted comprehensive searches to March 2016 for published, English-language SRs and RCTs of acute management of moderate to severe TBI. Systematic reviews and RCTs were grouped under 12 broad intervention categories. For each review, we mapped the included and non-included RCTs, noting the reasons why RCTs were omitted. An SR was judged as ‘current’ when it included the most recently published RCT we found on their topic, and ‘complete’ when it included every RCT we found that met its inclusion criteria, taking account of when the review was conducted. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist (trichotomised into low, moderate and high quality). Findings: We included 85 SRs and 213 RCTs examining the effectiveness of treatments for acute management of moderate to severe TBI. The most frequently reviewed interventions were hypothermia (n = 17, 14.2%), hypertonic saline and/or mannitol (n = 9, 7.5%) and surgery (n = 8, 6.7%). Of the 80 single-intervention SRs, approximately half (n = 44, 55%) were judged as current and two-thirds (n = 52, 65.0%) as complete. When considering only the most recently published review on each intervention (n = 25), currency increased to 72.0% (n = 18). Less than half of the 85 SRs were judged as high quality (n = 38, 44.7%), and nearly 20% were low quality (n = 16, 18.8%). Only 16 (20.0%) of the single-intervention reviews (and none of the five multi-intervention reviews) were judged as current, complete and high-quality. These included reviews of red blood cell transfusion, hypothermia, management guided by intracranial pressure, pharmacological agents (various) and prehospital intubation. Over three-quarters (n = 167, 78.4%) of the 213 RCTs were included in one or more SR. Of the remainder, 17 (8.0%) RCTs post-dated or were out of scope of existing SRs, and 29 (13.6%) were on interventions that have not been assessed in SRs. Conclusion: A substantial number of SRs in acute management of moderate to severe TBI lack currency, completeness and quality. We have identified both potential evidence gaps and also substantial research waste. Novel review methods, such as Living Systematic Reviews, may ameliorate these shortcomings and enhance utility and reliability of the evidence underpinning clinical care.
H. D. P. G.s Manitoba District
Creators: name: Canadian Pacific Railway Company
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Consists of tables and technical drawings relating to hydro electric lines along the Canadian Pacific Railway from divisions in Ontario to Manitoba, including charts labeled Measurements of Clearances at H. D. P. G. Bridges, with diagrams of the track and tables providing lateral measurements along the railroad tracks.
Australia and the 1967 Declaration on Territorial Asylum: A Case Study of the Making of International Refugee and Human Rights Law
Creators: name: Taylor, Savitri
name: Neumann, Klaus
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies
classificationCode: 4803
subject: International and comparative law
classificationCode: 4807
subject: Public law

description: No description supplied
Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Rade, Donna
name: Crawford, Gemma
name: Lobo, Roanna
name: Gray, Corie
name: Brown, Graham
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: The number of migrants has increased globally. This phenomenon has contributed to increasing health problems amongst migrants in high-income countries, including vulnerability for HIV acquisition and other sexual health issues. Adaptation processes in destination countries can present difficulties for migrants to seek help from and gain access to health services. This study examined migrants’ from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South East Asia (SEA) sexual health help-seeking behavior in high-income countries with universal health coverage. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Several databases were searched from 2000 to 2017. Of 2824 studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria. These consisted of 12 qualitative and three quantitative studies conducted in Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Scotland, Ireland, and Sweden. Migrants experienced a range of difficulties accessing health services, specifically those related to sexual health, in high-income countries. Few studies described sources of sexual health help-seeking or facilitators to help-seeking. Barriers to access were numerous, including: stigma, direct and indirect costs, difficulty navigating health systems in destination countries and lack of cultural competency within health services. More culturally secure health services, increased health service literacy and policy support to mitigate costs, will improve health service access for migrants from SSA and SEA. Addressing the structural drivers for stigma and discrimination remains an ongoing and critical challenge.
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Creators: name: ENDESH KYZY GULZARA
name: VINCENT ALWIN
name: PADMAKUMAR NANDUKRISHNAN
name: SANNASI KEERTHANA SREE
name: RAJAVEL SABITHA
name: JOSHY KIRUBA MARY
name: BALACHANDAR RAMABALAN
name: CHELLAPPA VIKRANANTH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is an autoimmune, nonsuppurative sequela of pharyngeal infection caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS). It remains a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity in developing countries. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical stages, types, diagnostic methods (laboratory and instrumental), differential diagnoses, risk factors, preventive strategies, and treatment with recommended dosages.