cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protostar Formation in Magnetic Molecular Clouds beyond Ion Detachment: III. A Parameter Study
Creators: name: Tassis, Konstantinos
name: Mouschovias, Telemachos Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two previous papers we formulated and solved, for a fiducial set of free parameters, the problem of the formation and evolution of a magnetically supercritical core inside a magnetically subcritical parent cloud. In this paper we present a parameter study to assess the sensitivity of the results (1) to the density at which the equation of state becomes adiabatic; (2) to the initial mass-to-flux ratio of the parent cloud; and (3) to ionization by radioactive decay of different nuclei (40K and 26Al) at high densities (number density > 10^12 particles per cubic cm). We find that (1) the results depend only slightly on the density at which the onset of adiabaticity occurs; (2) memory of the initial mass-to-flux ratio is completely lost at late times, which emphasizes the relevance of this work, idependently of the adopted theory of core formation; and (3) the precise source of radioactive ionization alters the degree of attachment of the electrons to the field lines (at high densities), and the relative importance of ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic dissipation in reducing the magnetic flux of the protostar. The value of the magnetic field at the end of the runs is insensitive to the values of the free parameters and in excellent agreement with meteoritic measurements of the protosolar nebula magnetic field. The magnetic flux problem of star formation is resolved for at least strongly magnetic newborn stars. A complete detachment of the magnetic field from the matter is unlikely. The formation of a "magnetic wall" (with an associated magnetic shock) is independent of the assumed equation of state, although the process is enhanced and accelerated by the formation of a central hydrostatic core.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, emulateapj; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Axisymmetric deformation of compressible, nearly incompressible, and incompressible thin layers between two rigid surfaces
Creators: name: Movchan, Alexander B.
name: Rebrov, Kirill R.
name: Rodin, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Accurate asymptotic solutions are presented for axisymmetric deformation of thin layers constrained by either two rigid plates or two rigid spheres. Those solutions are developed using Saint-Venant's principle and the layer thinness as the only assumptions. The solutions are valid in the entire range of Poisson's ratios, and allow one to distinguish among compressible, nearly incompressible, and incompressible layers. That classification involves both material and geometric parameters.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures
title: Self-adaptive bio-inspired optimisation of machine learning pipelines for rejection risk prediction in kidney transplant patients
Creators: name: Barbachan E Silva, Mariel
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: machine learning pipelines
subject: kidney transplant patients
subject: rejection risk prediction

description: Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease. Kidney allograft rejection is one of the primary mechanisms of graft loss following organ transplantation. The histopathological diagnosis of kidney transplant rejection is complicated by a lack of disease-specific lesions, highlighting the urgent need for more quantitative approaches. Gene expression profiling of graft biopsies can provide evidence of rejection before a clinical phenotype becomes apparent. This thesis aims to improve the prediction of kidney transplant rejection using gene expression microarray data by leveraging bio-inspired optimisation techniques to improve classification performance. We used bio-inspired optimisation algorithms to perform numerical hyperparameter optimisation of classification pipelines trained on biopsy and blood samples of kidney transplant patients. Our results demonstrate that the optimised pipelines improved the predictive capabilities in many cases, particularly when adopting a particle swarm optimisation approach. The genes identified by the optimised pipelines as being important for predictive performance were relevant to the context of transplantation with a diverse immunological scope being independently selected by the different classification pipelines, underscoring the complexity of the immunological response underpinning kidney allograft rejection.
Hidden order in 1D Bose insulators
Creators: name: Torre, Emanuele G. Dalla
name: Berg, Erez
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram of spinless bosons with long range (~ 1/r^3) repulsive interactions, relevant to ultracold polarized atoms or molecules, using DMRG. Between the two conventional insulating phases, the Mott and density wave phases, we find a new phase possessing hidden order revealed by non local string correlations analogous to those characterizing the Haldane gapped phase of integer spin chains. We develop a mean field theory that describes the low energy excitations in all three insulating phases. This is used to calculate the absorption spectrum due to oscillatory lattice modulation. We predict a sharp resonance in the spectrum due to a collective excitation of the new phase that would provide clear evidence for the existence of this phase.
description: Letter
title: A Big Data toolkit to support systematic health assessment of energy systems in buildings utilising AI techniques
Creators: name: Arias-Requejo, Desiree
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: smart buildings
subject: HVAC systems
subject: energy efficiency
subject: clustering
subject: deep learning
subject: energy consumption forecast
subject: LSTM encoder-decoder
subject: time-series forecast
subject: Engineering
subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Buildings account for 40% of worldwide primary energy and 27% of the total CO2 emissions. It is essential to make energy consumption in smart buildings more effcient by trying to keep the building operating in optimal conditions for as long as possible. New health assessment technologies, such as Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) can help to meet this goal. With the increasing availability of sensor and meter data in smart buildings, as well as advances in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the search for a PHM-based system that integrates these techniques may be a solution to the problem of energy effciency in buildings. This thesis has achieved two objectives: to design a Health Management methodology for potential energy use optimisation in smart buildings, and to validate the methodology in a real case study. To fulfil the objectives, a number of tasks have been carried out which have led to several contributions. A new methodology has been proposed to monitor the health of the system using mainly data-driven AI techniques. The proposal defines a set of high-level tasks (such as consistency checking, state assessment, KPI monitoring, FDD, prognosis and predictive maintenance) and the concept of health state vector. The solution can be adapted depending on the KPIs and tasks needed for each smart building. It has been determined that one of the most relevant KPIs is the energy consumption of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and that it would be important to be able to predict it in order to make decisions that lead to a reduction in consumption. For this purpose, an approach based on machine learning has been proposed: on the one hand, unsupervised techniques that allow estimating the operation mode of the system based on the meteorological conditions and, on the other hand, two prediction models have been developed using deep learning techniques that allow estimating the evolution of consumption in the short and medium term. The usual machine learning (ML) methodology has been applied to build two possible solutions for the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) task of an HVAC system, which would allow early detection of errors in the system and thus correct them, avoiding consumption associated with failure situations.The approach has been tested in the Alice Perry Engineering building, where the KPIs have been defined, weather-dependent operating modes have been detected and consumption prediction models have been successfully built (according to ASHRAE requirements); finally the FDD module has been successfully tested with promising results.
The role of vimentin-nuclear interactions in persistent cell motility through confined spaces
Creators: name: Gupta, Sarthak
name: Patteson, Alison E.
name: Schwarz, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability of cells to move through small spaces depends on the mechanical properties of the cellular cytoskeleton and on nuclear deformability. In mammalian cells, the cytoskeleton is comprised of three interacting, semi-flexible polymer networks: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IF). Recent experiments of mouse embryonic fibroblasts with and without vimentin have shown that the IF vimentin plays a role in confined cell motility. We, therefore, develop a minimal model of cells moving through confined geometries that effectively includes all three types of cytoskeletal filaments with a cell consisting of an actomyosin cortex and a deformable cell nucleus and mechanical connections between the two cortices the outer actomyosin one and the inner nuclear one. By decreasing the amount of vimentin, we find that the cell speed is typically faster for vimentin-null cells as compared to cells with vimentin. Vimentin-null cells also contain more deformed nuclei in confinement. Finally, vimentin affects nucleus positioning within the cell. By positing that as the nucleus position deviates further from the center of mass of the cell, microtubules become more oriented in a particular direction to enhance cell persistence or polarity, we show that vimentin-nulls are more persistent than vimentin-full cells. The enhanced persistence indicates that the vimentin-null cells are more subjugated by the confinement since their internal polarization mechanism that depends on cross-talk of the centrosome with the nucleus and other cytoskeletal connections is diminished. In other words, the vimentin-null cells rely more heavily on external cues. Our modeling results present a quantitative interpretation for recent experiments and have implications for understanding the role of vimentin in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
title: Contribution to facial authentication and synthetic datasets for Edge-AI applications
Creators: name: Yao, Wang
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: Edge AI
subject: Facial authentication
subject: synthetic datasets

description: Secure authentication of low-power consumer devices such as doorbell cameras is a unique and significant challenge. This challenge arises from the complexity of the facial images captured by these devices, which encompass different lighting conditions, various postures, and individuals of different ages. These factors collectively present hurdles to the accurate recognition capabilities of these devices. The development of robust face recognition systems requires a broad and diverse dataset containing images depicting a variety of scenarios such as various lighting conditions, head pose variations, and age. However, current publicly available datasets are insufficient to meet this demanding standard. Moreover, the process of building such a comprehensive dataset is challenging because it requires laborious and time-consuming efforts. The introduction of stringent data protection regulations, such as GDPR in Europe, further makes this task more complex by introducing additional compliance and restrictions. To address these challenges, this work explores the use of synthetic data as a viable solution. The first endeavor of this study involves quantifying and compensating for the impact of lighting and pose on the performance of the facial recognition system by introducing synthetic images generated through GAN-based portrait relighting and head pose generation algorithms. Next, we quantified the performance of facial recognition algorithms across different age groups and age intervals. Further, synthetic age images were introduced, evaluated, and utilized to compensate for the performance of facial recognition across age intervals. Finally, motivated by the DAVID smart-toy project, we have investigated the use of different generative models and designed GAN-based and Diffusion-based models to generate photo-realistic child images. The work presented in this dissertation overcomes the unavailability of real data by employing synthetic data as a data augmentation technique, investigating the use of synthetic data to improve the performance of face recognition and generate high-definition synthetic face images of children. Extensive experiments reveal that while current synthetic data still exhibits deficiencies in comparison to real data, its efficacy as a data augmentation technique remains significant.
Electronic states and Landau levels in graphene stacks
Creators: name: Guinea, F.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze, within a minimal model that allows analytical calculations, the electronic structure and Landau levels of graphene multi-layers with different stacking orders. We find, among other results, that electrostatic effects can induce a strongly divergent density of states in bi- and tri-layers, reminiscent of one-dimensional systems. The density of states at the surface of semi-infinite stacks, on the other hand, may vanish at low energies, or show a band of surface states, depending on the stacking order.
Symmetries and phase diagrams with real-space mutual information neural estimation
Creators: name: Gökmen, Doruk Efe
name: Ringel, Zohar
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
name: Koch-Janusz, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-space mutual information (RSMI) was shown to be an important quantity, formally and from a numerical standpoint, in finding coarse-grained descriptions of physical systems. It very generally quantifies spatial correlations, and can give rise to constructive algorithms extracting relevant degrees of freedom. Efficient and reliable estimation or maximization of RSMI is, however, numerically challenging. A recent breakthrough in theoretical machine learning has been the introduction of variational lower bounds for mutual information, parametrized by neural networks. Here we describe in detail how these results can be combined with differentiable coarse-graining operations to develop a single unsupervised neural-network based algorithm, the RSMI-NE, efficiently extracting the relevant degrees of freedom in the form of the operators of effective field theories, directly from real-space configurations. We study the information contained in the statistical ensemble of constructed coarse-graining transformations, and its recovery from partial input data using a secondary machine learning analysis applied to this ensemble. In particular, we show how symmetries, also emergent, can be identified. We demonstrate the extraction of the phase diagram and the order parameters for equilibrium systems, and consider also an example of a non-equilibrium problem.
description: Accepted version. Added new discussion of symmetries in the ensemble of coarse-graining rules. 27 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.11633
title: Optimal design and scheduling for Behind-the-meter PV-battery energy storage systems
Creators: name: Rezaeimozafar, Mostafa
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Energy storage systems
subject: Engineering
subject: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: PV-battery

description: The ongoing pursuit of a green and sustainable future has led researchers to explore new areas of energy engineering, particularly for power system end-users. In this context, an increasingly attractive topic is the achievement of net-zero through behind-the-meter (BTM) energy generation and storage. One viable BTM option is the installation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels coupled with battery energy storage systems (BESSs). An optimally designed and controlled BTM PV-BESS can provide effective services to both end-users and utilities. Otherwise, it can impose unnecessary expenses on their owners. This thesis contributes to the development of optimization models for PV-BESSs, encompassing long-term system design and sizing, and short-term and real-time scheduling strategies, aiming to minimize payback period, bill costs and BESS degradation. To achieve this, innovative models are developed using a range of optimization techniques, including linear and mixed-integer linear programming, heuristic modeling, scenario-based stochastic programming, and Machine Learning (ML)-based modeling. To account for uncertainties in the problem’s input data, stochastic scenario generation models are proposed using statistical and ML techniques, utilizing information from real-world projects. The motivations, design constraints and methodologies of optimization models are presented and discussed in detail, and results from simulations under different scenarios are thoroughly investigated. The results from different chapters of this thesis hold the potential to benefit government agencies, utilities, and policymakers in designing incentivizing schemes that encourage end-users to purchase and install BTM resources on their premises. The developed models can be applied to PV-BESS systems of any scale. However, in this thesis, all the models are tested on residential units because data was only available from residential houses during this PhD research.
Beta functions for the duality-invariant sigma model
Creators: name: Bonezzi, Roberto
name: Codina, Tomas
name: Hohm, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $O(d,d)$ invariant worldsheet theory for bosonic string theory with $d$ abelian isometries is employed to compute the beta functions and Weyl anomaly at one-loop. We show that vanishing of the Weyl anomaly coefficients implies the equations of motion of the Maharana-Schwarz action. We give a self-contained introduction into the required techniques, including beta functions, the Weyl anomaly for two-dimensional sigma models and the background field method. This sets the stage for a sequel to this paper on generalizations to higher loops and $α'$ corrections.
description: 47 pages, v2: version to appear in JHEP
Implementing visions for sustainable development in regional land use planning
Creators: name: Käärik, Aili R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Large scale natural resource policies, which focus on environmental objectives from a global perspective and cut across sectors and disciplines, are often motivated by a desire to find general models for resource use. These large scale policies, in this thesis refered to as Grand Visions, focus on sustainable development which is now a priority issue of governments. However, visionary policies often fall short of providing workable "how-to" solutions for practitioners. This interdisciplinary thesis bridges the gap between visionary policies and regional planning by developing a "road map" for practitioners which addresses the priorities of global concerns while maintaining practicality. Planned management of land resources is an essential part of implementing sustainable development concepts. The challenge was to find a means of implementing sustainable development in a regional land use planning context. The link between large scale policy and regional implementation was forged through translating broad qualitative guidelines into actions for regional and local planning. The schema was developed through literature, interviews, and case study analyses, and was tested through application in regional jurisdictions. An evaluation framework to compare the case studies was developed from the literature. It consists of twenty parallel principles: ten for Grand Visions and ten for regional planning. The research was focused on natural resource policy and planning in Sweden and Canada. Regional planning examples from Anuner An and Kluane were analysed. Analysis revealed overlaps and inconsistencies between Grand Vision and planning principles. Despite the gaps, bridging was found to be possible. To counteract the inherent imbalance between visionary policies and practical planning approaches, a reversed emphasis is proposed. Resource policy objectives, structures and implementation processes need go beyond reflecting Grand Vision principles by emphasizing planning objectives more explicitly as well as institutional and process factors. On the other hand, planning approaches need to reflect Grand Vision principles, emphasizing substantive objectives. In summary, this thesis addresses the problem of implementing large scale visionary resource policies through developing and utilizing analytical frameworks from both theory and field situations in two countries. Its major contribution is the identification of gaps between visionary policies and planning and specification of means of bridging these gaps.
LaO as a candidate substrate for realizing superconductivity in FeSe epitaxial film
Creators: name: Qiu, Xiao-Le
name: Gong, Ben-Chao
name: Yang, Huan-Cheng
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The significantly enhanced superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) of an FeSe monolayer on SrTiO$_3$(001) substrate has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Here, based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we propose another candidate substrate LaO(001) for the epitaxial growth of FeSe monolayer to realize superconductivity. Our calculations show that for the optimal adsorption structure of FeSe monolayer on LaO(001), the stripe antiferromagnetic state and the dimer antiferromagnetic state are almost energetically degenerate, indicating the existence of strong magnetic fluctuation that is beneficial to the appearance of superconductivity. According to the Bader charge analysis, the calculated electron doping from the LaO substrate to the FeSe monolayer is about 0.18 electrons per Fe atom, even larger than that in case of FeSe/SrTiO$_3$(001). Since LaO was also reported to be a superconductor with $T_c$ ~ 5 K, it may have a superconducting proximity effect on the epitaxial FeSe film and vice versa. These results suggest that LaO would be an interesting substrate to study the interface-related superconductivity.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
The Digital Agricultural Revolution: a Bibliometric Analysis Literature Review
Creators: name: Bertoglio, Riccardo
name: Corbo, Chiara
name: Renga, Filippo M.
name: Matteucci, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The application of digital technologies in agriculture can improve traditional practices to adapt to climate change, reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions, and promote a sustainable intensification for food security. Some authors argued that we are experiencing a Digital Agricultural Revolution (DAR) that will boost sustainable farming. This study aims to find evidence of the ongoing DAR process and clarify its roots, what it means, and where it is heading. We investigated the scientific literature with bibliometric analysis tools to produce an objective and reproducible literature review. We retrieved 4995 articles by querying the Web of Science database in the timespan 2012-2019, and we analyzed the obtained dataset to answer three specific research questions: i) what is the spectrum of the DAR-related terminology?; ii) what are the key articles and the most influential journals, institutions, and countries?; iii) what are the main research streams and the emerging topics? By grouping the authors' keywords reported on publications, we identified five main research streams: Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), Site-Specific Management (SSM), Remote Sensing (RS), Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). To provide a broad overview of each of these topics, we analyzed relevant review articles, and we present here the main achievements and the ongoing challenges. Finally, we showed the trending topics of the last three years (2017, 2018, 2019).
Probing the tails of the ground state energy distribution for the directed polymer in a random medium of dimension $d=1,2,3$ via a Monte-Carlo procedure in the disorder
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Garel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In order to probe with high precision the tails of the ground-state energy distribution of disordered spin systems, Körner, Katzgraber and Hartmann \cite{Ko_Ka_Ha} have recently proposed an importance-sampling Monte-Carlo Markov chain in the disorder. In this paper, we combine their Monte-Carlo procedure in the disorder with exact transfer matrix calculations in each sample to measure the negative tail of ground state energy distribution $P_d(E_0)$ for the directed polymer in a random medium of dimension $d=1,2,3$. In $d=1$, we check the validity of the algorithm by a direct comparison with the exact result, namely the Tracy-Widom distribution. In dimensions $d=2$ and $d=3$, we measure the negative tail up to ten standard deviations, which correspond to probabilities of order $P_d(E_0) \sim 10^{-22}$. Our results are in agreement with Zhang's argument, stating that the negative tail exponent $η(d)$ of the asymptotic behavior $\ln P_d (E_0) \sim - | E_0 |^{η(d)}$ as $E_0 \to -\infty$ is directly related to the fluctuation exponent $θ(d)$ (which governs the fluctuations $ΔE_0(L) \sim L^{θ(d)}$ of the ground state energy $E_0$ for polymers of length $L$) via the simple formula $η(d)=1/(1-θ(d))$. Along the paper, we comment on the similarities and differences with spin-glasses.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Sander M.
name: Relton, Philip
name: Grote, Hartmut
name: Raymond, Vivien
name: Affeldt, Christoph
name: Bergamin, Fabio
name: Bisht, Aparna
name: Brinkmann, Marc
name: Danzmann, Karsten
name: Doravari, Suresh
name: Kringel, Volker
name: Lough, James
name: Lück, Harald
name: Mehmet, Moritz
name: Mukund, Nikhil
name: Nadji, Séverin
name: Schreiber, Emil
name: Sorazu, Borja
name: Strain, Kenneth A.
name: Vahlbruch, Henning
name: Weinert, Michael
name: Willke, Benno
name: Wittel, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date; several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research landscape. Scalar field dark matter is a prominent option that is being explored with precision instruments, such as atomic clocks and optical cavities. Here we report on the first direct search for scalar field dark matter utilising a gravitational-wave detector, which operates beyond the quantum shot-noise limit. We set new upper limits for the coupling constants of scalar field dark matter as a function of its mass, by excluding the presence of signals that would be produced through the direct coupling of this dark matter to the beamsplitter of the GEO$\,$600 interferometer. The new constraints improve upon bounds from previous direct searches by more than six orders of magnitude, and are in some cases more stringent than limits obtained in tests of the equivalence principle by up to four orders of magnitude. Our work demonstrates that scalar field dark matter can be probed or constrained with direct searches using gravitational-wave detectors, and highlights the potential of quantum-enhanced interferometry for dark matter detection.
Development and Validation of a conceptual survey instrument to evaluate introductory physics students' understanding of thermodynamics
Creators: name: Brown, Benjamin
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the development and validation of a conceptual multiple-choice survey instrument called the Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws (STPFaSL) suitable for introductory physics courses. The survey instrument uses common student difficulties with these concepts as resources in that the incorrect answers to the multiple-choice questions were guided by them. After the development and validation of the survey instrument, the final version was administered at six different institutions. It was administered to introductory physics students in various traditionally taught calculus-based and algebra-based classes in paper-pencil format before and after traditional lecture-based instruction in relevant concepts. We also administered the survey instrument to upper-level undergraduates majoring in physics and Ph.D. students for bench marking and for content validity and compared their performance with those of introductory students for whom the survey is intended. We find that although the survey instrument focuses on thermodynamics concepts covered in introductory courses, it is challenging even for advanced students. A comparison with the base line data on the validated survey instrument presented here can help instructors evaluate the effectiveness of innovative pedagogies designed to help students develop a solid grasp of these concepts.
title: Evolution of neurosecretory cell types
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary history
subject: Neurosecretory cells

description: Chapter 5 investigates the evolutionary history of the neurosecretory cells derived from cranial placodes in vertebrates. These comprise the hormone-producing cells of the adenohypophysis and the olfactory neuropeptidergic (GnRH) neurons. The chapter argues that specialized neurosecretory cell types evolved many times independently. Apart from an anteromedial population of neurosecretory cells (specified by Otp and other transcription factors), there is little evidence for neurosecretory cell types with a deep evolutionary history. The placodal neurosecretory cells probably originated as novel cell types only in vertebrates or the last common tunicate-vertebrate ancestor. Data from amphioxus suggest that in ancestral chordates neurosecretory cells were concentrated in rostral endomesodermal pouches (forming Hatschek’s pit in amphioxus). These probably secreted protein hormones allowing the regulation of metabolic and reproductive processes in response to environmental cues. A new regulatory environment was then established in the non-neural ectoderm anterior to the neural plate in the lineage leading to tunicates and vertebrates by the recruitment of transcription factors from the endoderm (FoxA, GATA2/3) and anterior neuroectoderm (FoxG, SP6-9, DMRT4/5). This facilitated the recruitment of neurosecretory cells (specified by Pitx, Lhx3/4, Islet, POU1f1, Six1/2, Eya) from the rostral endomesodermal pouches to this domain and the origin of a new type of neurosecretory (GnRH) neuron.
Singular components of the Springer fiber in the two-columns case
Creators: name: Fresse, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15 (Primary); 14B05 (Secondary)

description: We consider the Springer fiber ${\mathcal B}_u$ corresponding to a nilpotent endomorphism $u$ of nilpotent order 2. As a first result, we give a description of the elements of a given component of ${\mathcal B}_u$ which are fixed by the action of the standard torus relative to some Jordan basis of $u$. By using this result, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition of singularity for the components of ${\mathcal B}_u$.
description: 11 pages
Low-mass inelastic dark matter direct detection via the Migdal effect
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Dent, James B.
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Ghosh, Sumit
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Newstead, Jayden L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider searches for the inelastic scattering of low-mass dark matter at direct detection experiments, using the Migdal effect. We find that there are degeneracies between the dark matter mass and the mass splitting that are difficult to break. Using XENON1T data we set bounds on a previously unexplored region of the inelastic dark matter parameter space. For the case of exothermic scattering, we find that the Migdal effect allows xenon-based detectors to have sensitivity to dark matter with ${\cal O}(\mathrm{MeV})$ mass, far beyond what can be obtained with nuclear recoils alone.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (v2: 1 figure and additional discussion added)
title: Evolutionary origin of vertebrate cranial placodes
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cranial placodes
subject: novel structures
subject: vertebrates

description: Chapter 6 addresses the question of how cranial placodes evolved as novel structures in vertebrates by redeploying pre-existing and sometimes evolutionarily ancient cell types. The chapter integrates insights from comparative studies with our knowledge on vertebrate placode development. After briefly summarizing the evolutionary history of sensory and neurosecretory cells, the chapter discusses how these cell types may have become concentrated in non-neural ectoderm adjacent to the neural plate and how they may have become segregated into an anterior and posterior proto-placodal territory in the last common tunicate-vertebrate ancestor. It is then discussed how an increase in progenitor expansion may have converted these proto-placodal territories into proper placodes, which give rise to larger and complex sense organs, in ancestral vertebrates. It is argued that rewiring of the gene regulatory network upstream and downstream of the transcriptional regulators Six1/2, Six4/5 and Eya probably played a central role for the evolution of placodes. A detailed scenario of placode evolution is then presented, which summarizes the proposed regulatory changes and links them to functional changes of life style during chordate and vertebrate evolution. The chapter ends with general conclusions on the evolution of novelties as illustrated by placodes and placodal cell types.
title: Frictions and coalitions: Findings from a European study of disabled women’s experiences in social movements
Creators: name: Price, Aoife
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business Public Policy and Law
subject: Women
subject: Social movements
subject: Disabled women
subject: Europe

description: This thesis aims to understand and reflect on disabled women’s experience of participation in the disability and women’s movements, as well as disabled women organising in the disabled feminist movement. This was done by exploring the experience of disabled women’s participation in social movements within the existing literature and examining the legal and policy changes that have influenced participation. Understanding the lived experience of disabled women and their participation in these movements is vital work. Empirical research was conducted in line with an overarching framework, the human rights-based disability research methodology, and a guiding methodological approach of oral history. Data was gathered and analysed in line with these theoretical approaches from the combined views and perspectives of 53 disabled women from 23 European countries. There is limited literature available on disabled women and their participation in social movements, particularly on the disabled feminist movement; however, existing research, along with the empirical research conducted for this PhD, paints a clearer picture of disabled women and their experiences. The importance of reciprocal relationships was examined, and possibilities for mutual gain through reciprocal relationships were explored. For this to happen, cross-movement dialogues need to create a culture where differences are openly, honestly and constructively addressed using an intersectional analysis to surface how each community experiences issues differently and how struggles are interconnected. The analysis revealed that while acknowledging the existing challenges, there was hope that relationships could be strengthened further, and in turn, the voices of disabled women could be amplified to a greater extent.
Sampling effects in the emission line spectra of HII regions
Creators: name: Villaverde, M.
name: Luridiana, V.
name: Cervino, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of stellar population synthesis models and photoionization models allows a better understanding of the spectral features of HII regions and HII galaxies. In this work we show that sampling effects in the initial mass function (IMF) are very important in the low cluster mass case. To this aim, we compute photoionization models ionized by realistic clusters made up of various combinations of individual stars and clusters made up with a synthesis model. We discuss the differences in the position on diagnostic diagrams and their implications.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, going to be published in the proceedings of the IAU Symp. 241, "Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies"
title: The evolutionary origin of vertebrates
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Vertebrates
subject: evolution

description: The first introductory chapter of the second volume summarizes our current understanding of vertebrate evolution. After providing a short primer on the principles of phylogenetic systematics, the chapter provides an overview of the phylogenetic relationships of vertebrates with other chordates and deuterostomes and discusses how deuterostomes are phylogenetically related to other metazoans. Recent evidence is discussed suggesting that within the chordates tunicates are most closely related to vertebrates, with amphioxus being more distantly related. The chordates together with their sister group, the ambulacrarians (hemichordates and echinoderms), comprise the deuterostomes. The chapter then introduces vertebrates and their fossil relatives and presents a brief survey of body plans and embryonic development in other deuterostome groups (tunicates, amphioxus, hemichordates and echinoderms). The final section of the chapter provides a brief history of ideas on the evolution of vertebrates and discusses different scenarios on vertebrate origins from Haeckel until today.
title: An béal beo: Anailís chomparáideach ar Ghaeilge Chúige Chonnacht agus Gàidhlig Innse Gall
Creators: name: Mackinnon, Máirín
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Gaeilge
subject: Ghaeilge Chúige Chonnacht
subject: Arts, Social Sciences & Celtic Studies
subject: Languages, Literatures, & Cultures
subject: Gàidhlig Innse Gall
subject: Anailís chomparáideach

description: Tá roinnt mhaith foclóirí, cnuasach abairtí agus bailiúchán saibhris teanga curtha i gcló i nGaeilge na hÉireann agus i nGàidhlig na hAlban araon, ach go dtí seo is fíorbheagán anailís chomparáideach atá déanta orthu. Sa tráchtas seo, déantar anailís chomparáideach ar an nGaeilge agus ar an nGàidhlig, bunaithe ar an gcnuasach foclóireachta sa leabhar An Béal Beo, leis an Ollamh Tomás Ó Máille. Cinneadh an téarma ‘Gàidhlig’ a úsáid in ionad ‘Gaeilge na hAlban’ de ghrá na simplíochta. Cinneadh mionanailís a dhéanamh ar Ghaeilge Chonnacht agus ar Ghàidhlig Innse Gall den chuid is mó, agus roghnaíodh cheithre chaibidil as An Béal Beo le taighde comparáideach a dhéanamh orthu. Aimsíodh focail agus frásaí i nGàidhlig a bhfuil an bhrí agus úsáid chéanna leo leis na leaganacha Gaeilge. Rinneadh rangú ar bhríonna na bhfocal agus na bhfrásaí Gaeilge agus Gàidhlig; agus leagadh amach córas rangaithe agus crostagartha, atá nasctha le caibidlí an tráchtais. Déantar cur síos ar na ceangail stairiúla agus teangeolaíochta idir an dá thír, agus scrúdaítear na cosúlachtaí, agus na héagosúlachtaí, idir an Ghaeilge agus an Ghàidhlig. Ní hionann an dá theanga go díreach, ach tá cosúlachtaí suntasacha idir na focail agus na frásaí a úsáidtear sa nGaeilge agus sa nGàidhlig faoi réimsí ar leith den saol – an fharraige, an aimsir agus na séasúir, féilte agus na bealaí ina ndéanadh an dá phobal céiliúradh orthu, ainmhithe agus an obair a bhain leo. Trí anailís chomparáideach a dhéanamh ar na focail agus ar na frásaí ón dá theanga, léirítear anseo na bealaí ina bhfuil siad cosúil le chéile agus pléitear na cuinsí a bhaineann leis na cosúlachtaí, agus i gcásanna áirithe, na héagosúlachtaí teanga. Toisc nach bhfuil mórán taighde den chineál seo déanta cheana ar an nGaeilge agus ar an nGàidhlig, bhí dúshláin ag baint leis an obair seo i dtaca le modheolaíocht ábhartha. Is taighde foclóireachta den mhórchuid é seo, ach tagann an anailís ar chosúlachtaí agus éagosúlachtaí na bhfocal agus frásaí faoi réimse na eitnetheangeolaíochta mar gheall ar na nascanna idir teanga agus cultúr a léiríodh go soiléir san anailís. Is staidear focloireachta atá i gceist leis an taighde seo, ag tarraingt ar cur chuige foclóireachta. Tá an córas rangaithe mar chuid lárnach den mhodheolaíocht sin, maraon leis an struchtúr a bhaineann le hanailís a dhéanamh ar na focail agus ar na frásaí. Tugann an mhodheolaíocht atá forbartha agus pléite sa tráchtas bunús do thuilleadh taighde a dhéanamh sa réimse seo.
Holographic topological defects and local gauge symmetry: clusters of strongly coupled equal-sign vortices
Creators: name: Li, Zhi-Hong
name: Xia, Chuan-Yin
name: Zeng, Hua-Bi
name: Zhang, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge invariance plays an important role in forming topological defects. In this work, from the AdS/CFT correspondence, we realize the clusters of equal-sign vortices during the course of critical dynamics of a strongly coupled superconductor. This is the first time to achieve the equal-sign vortex clusters in strongly coupled systems, considering that vortices with equal sign repel. The appearance of clusters of equal-sign vortices is a typical character of flux trapping mechanism, distinct from Kibble-Zurek mechanism which merely presents vortex-antivortex pair distributions resulting from global symmetry breaking. Numerical results of spatial correlations and net fluxes of the equal-sign vortex clusters quantitatively support the positive correlations between vortices. The linear dependence between the vortex number and the amplitude of magnetic field at the `trapping' time demonstrates the flux trapping mechanism very well.
description: 8 pages, 5+2 figures; Context improved, typos corrected
CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. VIII. King 21, NGC 3293, NGC 5999, NGC 6802, NGC 6830, Ruprecht 44, Ruprecht 115, and Ruprecht 120
Creators: name: Netopil, M.
name: Paunzen, E.
name: Maitzen, H. M.
name: Pintado, O. I.
name: Claret, A.
name: Miranda, L. F.
name: Iliev, I. Kh.
name: Casanova, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our survey for magnetic chemically peculiar (CP2) stars in galactic open clusters to shed more light on their origin and evolution. To study the group of CP2 stars, it is essential to find these objects in different galactic environments and at a wide range of evolutionary stages. The knowledge of open clusters ages and metallicities can help to find a correlation of these parameters with the (non-)presence of peculiarities which has to be taken into account in stellar evolution models. The intermediate band Delta a photometric system samples the depth of the 5200A flux depression by comparing the flux at the center with the adjacent regions with bandwidths of 110A to 230A. It is capable to detect magnetic CP2 and CP4 stars with high efficiency, but also the groups of (metal-weak) lambda Bootis, as well as classical Be/shell stars can be successfully investigated. In addition, it allows to determine the age, reddening and distance modulus with an appropriate accuracy by fitting isochrones. From the 1677 observed members of the eight open clusters, twenty five CP2 and one Ae stars were identified. Further nineteen deviating stars are designated as questionable due to several reasons. The estimated age, reddening and distance for the programme clusters were compared with published vales of the literature and discussed in this context. The current paper shows that CP2 stars are present continuously in very young (7Myr) to intermediate age (500Myr) open clusters at distances larger than 2kpc from the Sun.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, A&A accepted