cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP
Creators: name: Stone, Kate
name: Nicenboim, Bruno
name: Vasishth, Shravan
name: Rösler, Frank
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 400 Sprache

description: Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 829
Cosmographic reconstruction of $f(\mathcal{T})$ cosmology
Creators: name: Aviles, Alejandro
name: Bravetti, Alessandro
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Luongo, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cosmographic reconstruction of $f(\mathcal T)$ models is here revised in a model independent way by fixing observational bounds on the most relevant terms of the $f(\mathcal T)$ Taylor expansion. We relate the $f(\mathcal T)$ models and their derivatives to the cosmographic parameters and then adopt a Monte Carlo analysis. The experimental bounds are thus independent of the choice of a particular $f(\mathcal T)$ model. The advantage of such an analysis lies on constraining the dynamics of the universe by reconstructing the form of $f(\mathcal T)$, without any further assumptions apart from the validity of the cosmological principle and the analyticity of the $f(\mathcal T)$ function. The main result is to fix model independent cosmographic constraints on the functional form of $f(\mathcal T)$ which are compatible with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we infer a phenomenological expression for $f(\mathcal T)$, compatible with the current cosmographic bounds and show that small deviations are expected from a constant $f(\mathcal T)$ term, indicating that the equation of state of dark energy could slightly evolve from the one of the $Λ$CDM model.
description: Accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Why is Curly a Woman?!: Presentationality and Nostalgia in the Takarazuka Revue
Creators: name: Whaley, Ben
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theater and society

description: In this essay, I use an analysis of the presentational theatrical elements of Takarazuka musicals to enter into a discussion about how and why the Revue evokes nostalgia for a very specific image of American culture in their stage production of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s American musical classic "Oklahoma!".
Evidence of a full gap in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$ thin films from infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Xi, Xiaoxiang
name: Dai, Y. M.
name: Homes, C. C.
name: Kidszun, M.
name: Haindl, S.
name: Carr, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report conventional and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy on LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$ superconducting thin films. The far-infrared transmission can be quantitatively explained by a two-component model including a conventional s-wave superconducting term and a Drude term, suggesting at least one carrier system has a full superconducting gap. Photo-induced studies of excess quasiparticle dynamics reveal a nanosecond effective recombination time and temperature dependence that agree with a recombination bottleneck in the presence of a full gap. The two experiments provide consistent evidence of a full, nodeless though not necessarily isotropic, gap for at least one carrier system in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$.
Precise radial velocities of giant stars V. A brown dwarf and a planet orbiting the K giant stars tau Gem and 91 Aqr
Creators: name: Mitchell, D. S.
name: Reffert, S.
name: Trifonov, T.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Fischer, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to detect and characterize substellar companions to K giant stars, to further our knowledge of planet formation and stellar evolution of intermediate-mass stars. For more than a decade we have used Doppler spectroscopy to acquire high precision radial velocity measurements of K giant stars. All data for this survey have been taken at Lick Observatory. Our survey includes 373 G and K giants. Radial velocity data showing periodic variations are fitted with Keplerian orbits using a chi^2 minimization technique. We report the presence of two substellar companions to the K giant stars tau Gem and 91 Aqr. The brown dwarf orbiting tau Gem has an orbital period of 305.5 +/- 0.1 days, a minimum mass of 20.6 M_Jup, and an eccentricity of 0.031 +/- 0.009. The planet orbiting 91 Aqr has an orbital period of 181.4 +/- 0.1 days, a minimum mass of 3.2 M_Jup, and an eccentricity of 0.027 +/- 0.026. Both companions have exceptionally circular orbits for their orbital distance, as compared to all previously discovered planetary companions.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Testing the effects from dark radiation
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, the effects of dark radiation (DR) are tested. Theoretically, the phase-space analysis method is applied to check whether the model is consist with the history of our universe which shows positive results. Observationally, by using the observational data ($SNLS$ (SuperNovae Legacy Survey), $WMAP9$(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 9 Years Result), $PLANCK$ (Planck First Data Release), $BAO$ (Baryon Acoustic Oscillations), $H(z)$ (Hubble Parameter Data) and $BBN$ (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis)), the dark radiation is found to have the effect of wiping out the tension between the $SNLS$ data and the other data in flat $ΛCDM$ model. The effects of dark radiation also make the best fit value of $N_{eff}$ slightly larger than 3.04.
description: 17 figures, accepted by CQG
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue Hypoxia-Induced Survival Defect in Ex Vivo Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Cultures
Creators: name: Martinez-Krams, Daniel
name: Majeti, Ravindra
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: Acute myeloid leukemia
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematopoiesis
subject: Microenvironment
subject: Niche
subject: Conditioned media
subject: Cytokines
subject: Personalized medicine
subject: Drug discovery
subject: Stem cells
subject: Hypoxia

description: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer characterized by the clonal accumulation of immature blood cells. The cancer stem cell model hypothesizes that healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which populate the entire blood compartment, acquire lesions over time and become leukemia stem cells (LSCs). These mutant cells are responsible for disease progression and act as a reservoir of cancer-forming cells following chemotherapy, causing relapse. In healthy hematopoiesis, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the oxygen-poor bone marrow microenvironment are the niche for HSCs, providing factors to maintain and regulate self-renewal and multipotency. Current efforts seek to understand the role of the niche in aberrant hematopoiesis. While efforts to replicate human disease are aided by the in vitro study of primary AML patient sample cells (APSCs), these studies do not typically recapitulate the presence of MSCs or the hypoxic conditions of the niche. I found that hypoxia decreases APSC growth, but this defect can be rescued in a non-contact-dependent manner by co-culture of APSC with MSC or culture of APSC in MSC-conditioned media (CM). Cytokine detection analysis showed that MSC-CM contained high levels of cytokines whose transcripts are also highly expressed in primary MSCs from healthy donors. Although no singular tested cytokine was necessary for APSC survival, I determined that the expression of cytokines and receptors can independently cluster healthy and leukemic cell subsets. Therefore, cytokine combinations may contribute to APSC survival. Collectively, these results show that MSCs are sufficient to enhance APSC survival in physiologic hypoxia. The niche-like ex vivo model I established will enable the translation of laboratory findings into clinical applications.
Alternating minimal energy methods for linear systems in higher dimensions. Part I: SPD systems
Creators: name: Dolgov, Sergey V.
name: Savostyanov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A69, 33F05, 65F10

description: We introduce a family of numerical algorithms for the solution of linear system in higher dimensions with the matrix and right hand side given and the solution sought in the tensor train format. The proposed methods are rank--adaptive and follow the alternating directions framework, but in contrast to ALS methods, in each iteration a tensor subspace is enlarged by a set of vectors chosen similarly to the steepest descent algorithm. The convergence is analyzed in the presence of approximation errors and the geometrical convergence rate is estimated and related to the one of the steepest descent. The complexity of the presented algorithms is linear in the mode size and dimension and the convergence demonstrated in the numerical experiments is comparable to the one of the DMRG--type algorithm.
description: Submitted to SIAM J Num Anal
Quasi Conjunction, Quasi Disjunction, T-norms and T-conorms: Probabilistic Aspects
Creators: name: Gilio, Angelo
name: Sanfilippo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We make a probabilistic analysis related to some inference rules which play an important role in nonmonotonic reasoning. In a coherence-based setting, we study the extensions of a probability assessment defined on $n$ conditional events to their quasi conjunction, and by exploiting duality, to their quasi disjunction. The lower and upper bounds coincide with some well known t-norms and t-conorms: minimum, product, Lukasiewicz, and Hamacher t-norms and their dual t-conorms. On this basis we obtain Quasi And and Quasi Or rules. These are rules for which any finite family of conditional events p-entails the associated quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction. We examine some cases of logical dependencies, and we study the relations among coherence, inclusion for conditional events, and p-entailment. We also consider the Or rule, where quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction of premises coincide with the conclusion. We analyze further aspects of quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction, by computing probabilistic bounds on premises from bounds on conclusions. Finally, we consider biconditional events, and we introduce the notion of an $n$-conditional event. Then we give a probabilistic interpretation for a generalized Loop rule. In an appendix we provide explicit expressions for the Hamacher t-norm and t-conorm in the unitary hypercube.
Modeling collective human mobility: Understanding exponential law of intra-urban movement
Creators: name: Liang, Xiao
name: Zhao, Jichang
name: Dong, Li
name: Xu, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is very important to understand urban mobility patterns because most trips are concentrated in urban areas. In the paper, a new model is proposed to model collective human mobility in urban areas. The model can be applied to predict individual flows not only in intra-city but also in countries or a larger range. Based on the model, it can be concluded that the exponential law of distance distribution is attributed to decreasing exponentially of average density of human travel demands. Since the distribution of human travel demands only depends on urban planning, population distribution, regional functions and so on, it illustrates that these inherent properties of cities are impetus to drive collective human movements.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
CRITICAL SOIL AND WATER PARAMETERS IN SEVEN DRY-FARMED SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL COAST, CALIFORNIA: Considerations for Drought Resilience and Improved Access to Alternative Cropping Strategies
Creators: name: Matta, Javier
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Humus
subject: organic matter
subject: organic carbon
subject: Soil
subject: Drought-tolerant plants

description: The present and future stability of global crop production hinges on adaptive cultivation strategies for ever-evolving social, political and climatic conditions. Amongst countless agricultural regions increasingly affected by drought, California’s Central Coast has seen enormous pressure fall on the shoulders of its farmers to maintain stable production by implementing best-available practices. Of these practices, dry farming has been adopted by a number of Central Coast growers who have enjoyed strong harvests of fresh market tomatoes to satisfy the demands of a lucrative market which stretches across the state. Wider adoption of dry farming could improve resilience in regional crop production in the years to come, but it is hindered by a severe deficit in both relevant research on the mechanisms which determine the success of dry-farmed crops as well as accessibility of existing knowledge. This study was born from co-developed and independently collected data on the strongest variables across seven unique dry-farmed tomato operations to grow regional knowledge as well as model potential directions for future research. Results demonstrated that several soil characteristics had a significant effect on available water in the included dry-farmed soils during the 2021 growing season and thus the viability of the crop systems, as well as a strong correlation between available water and crop outcomes. The significant correlations identified between previously explored variables and the outcomes for the participating operations, in spite of limitations in collecting data, bode well for future studies on comparable systems. Beyond its modeled biogeochemical relationships, this work highlights the paramount role of management strategies known best to farmers themselves, rather than the non-farming scientific community, in ensuring the success of adaptive crop systems. Centering farmers will continue to be a critical step in satisfying the acknowledged informational deficit, improving the accessibility of management wisdom, and developing relevant data in any future experimentation to promote dry-farming adaptation.
Alphafold2 prediction of PhiKZ Major Capsid Protein (gp120) and resultant tubular array model of hexamers
Creators: name: Laughlin, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Alphafold2/Colabfold prediction of the jumbo phage PhiKZ major capsid protein (gp120) supplied with a zip file of the original Colabfold results and a tubular array model derived from the rank1_model5 predicted monomeric model.
Re-engineering Digital Privacy for Domestic Violence Survivors
Creators: name: Park, Michelle
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: digital privacy
domestic violence
cybersecurity
privacy
human-computer interaction
design thinking
computer science

description: In recent decades, technology has increasingly been used as a tool for domestic violence perpetrators to harass, stalk, and surveil victims. Subsequently, survivors of domestic violence face critical digital privacy needs that are inadequately addressed by modern digital privacy practices and tools. Drawing from interviews with survivors and domain experts, this paper first presents a graphical framework to model digital privacy attacks in domestic violence. It then outlines five key digital privacy needs of domestic violence survivors— awareness, coverage, convenience, maintenance, and alerts. Next, it introduces the Berrier system, a single control tower for cross-platform privacy settings designed specifically for survivors’ privacy needs. Finally, the paper presents a 10-participant user study for Berrier, which finds that using Berrier sharply increases the average total accuracy (+10.0%), speed (+39.5%), and perceived ease (+51.0%) of changing one’s online privacy settings. These findings present a crucial step forward in re-engineering digital privacy for domestic violence survivors.
Cohesion, consensus and extreme information in opinion dynamics
Creators: name: Sîrbu, Alina
name: Loreto, Vittorio
name: Servedio, Vito D. P.
name: Tria, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Opinion formation is an important element of social dynamics. It has been widely studied in the last years with tools from physics, mathematics and computer science. Here, a continuous model of opinion dynamics for multiple possible choices is analysed. Its main features are the inclusion of disagreement and possibility of modulating information, both from one and multiple sources. The interest is in identifying the effect of the initial cohesion of the population, the interplay between cohesion and information extremism, and the effect of using multiple sources of information that can influence the system. Final consensus, especially with external information, depends highly on these factors, as numerical simulations show. When no information is present, consensus or segregation is determined by the initial cohesion of the population. Interestingly, when only one source of information is present, consensus can be obtained, in general, only when this is extremely mild, i.e. there is not a single opinion strongly promoted, or in the special case of a large initial cohesion and low information exposure. On the contrary, when multiple information sources are allowed, consensus can emerge with an information source even when this is not extremely mild, i.e. it carries a strong message, for a large range of initial conditions.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
On the Torus Degeneration of the Genus Two Partition Function
Creators: name: Hurley, Donny
name: Tuite, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the partition function of a general vertex operator algebra $V$ on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing together two tori. We consider the non-trivial degeneration limit where one torus is pinched down to a Riemann sphere and show that the genus one partition function on the degenerate torus is recovered up to an explicit universal $V$-independent multiplicative factor raised to the power of the central charge.
description: 18 pages
Excellent daytime seeing at Dome Fuji on the Antarctic plateau
Creators: name: Okita, H.
name: Ichikawa, T.
name: Ashley, M. C. B.
name: Takato, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Dome Fuji, the second highest region on the Antarctic plateau, is expected to have some of the best astronomical seeing on Earth. However, site testing at Dome Fuji is still in its very early stages. Aims. To investigate the astronomical seeing in the free atmosphere above Dome Fuji, and to determine the height of the surface boundary layer. Methods. A Differential Image Motion Monitor was used to measure the seeing in the visible (472 nm) at a height of 11 m above the snow surface at Dome Fuji during the austral summer of 2012/2013. Results. Seeing below 0.2'' has been observed. The seeing often has a local minimum of ~0.3'' near 18 h local time. Some periods of excellent seeing, 0.3'' or smaller, were also observed, sometimes extending for several hours at local midnight. The median seeing is higher, at 0.52''---this large value is believed to be caused by periods when the telescope was within the turbulent boundary layer. Conclusions. The diurnal variation of the daytime seeing at Dome Fuji is similar to that reported for Dome C, and the height of the surface boundary layer is consistent with previous simulations for Dome Fuji. The free atmosphere seeing is ~0.2'', and the height of the surface boundary layer can be as low as ~11 m.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics (letter)
title: Малоизвестный список синодика новгородского  Николо-Вяжищского монастыря конца XVII века  с позднейшими дополнениями
Creators: name: Рыков, Юрий
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена малоизвестному списку синодика Новгородского Николо-Вяжищского мужского монастыря конца XVII в., хранящемуся в Отделе рукописей РГБ. Данный список древнерусского синодика, по сути, уникален, так как другие ранние списки монастырского синодика в настоящее время исследователям неизвестны. Текст синодика имеет большое научное значение как ценный источник для изучения истории повседневной жизни и поминальной практики Николо-Вяжищского монастыря, истории всей Новгородской епархии и России в целом. Многочисленные родовые помянники синодика-помянника представляют также большой интерес и в плане исторического исследования состава и генеалогии монастырских вкладчиков. Особо важное научное значение имеют находящиеся в составе синодика уникальные копии помянников опальных людей царя Ивана Грозного, которые являются ценнейшими источниками по истории Опричнины XVI в. Статья содержит краткую археографическую характеристику этой сохранившейся монастырской рукописи и краткий обзор ее ценнейшего содержания.
Cross-Ownership as a Structural Explanation for Over- and Underestimation of Default Probability
Creators: name: Karl, Sabine
name: Fischer, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91B24, 91B25, 91G20, 91G40, 91G50

description: Based on the work of Suzuki (2002), we consider a generalization of Merton's asset valuation approach (Merton, 1974) in which two firms are linked by cross-ownership of equity and liabilities. Suzuki's results then provide no arbitrage prices of firm values, which are derivatives of exogenous asset values. In contrast to the Merton model, the assumption of lognormally distributed assets does not result in lognormally distributed firm values, which also affects the corresponding probabilities of default. In a simulation study we see that, depending on the type of cross-ownership, the lognormal model can lead to both, over- and underestimation of the actual probability of default of a firm under cross-ownership. In the limit, i.e. if the levels of cross-ownership tend to their maximum possible value, these findings can be shown theoretically as well. Furthermore, we consider the default probability of a firm in general, i.e. without a distributional assumption, and show that the lognormal model is often able to yield only a limited range of probabilities of default, while the actual probabilities may take any value between 0 and 1.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures
Molecular dynamics simulations with many-body potentials on multiple GPUs - the implementation, package and performance
Creators: name: Hou, Qing
name: Li, Min
name: Zhou, Yulu
name: Cui, Jiechao
name: Cui, Zhenguo
name: Wang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics (MD) is an important research tool extensively applied in materials science. Running MD on a graphics processing unit (GPU) is an attractive new approach for accelerating MD simulations. Currently, GPU implementations of MD usually run in a one-host-process-one-GPU (OHPOG) scheme. This scheme may pose a limitation on the system size that an implementation can handle due to the small device memory relative to the host memory. In this paper, we present a one-host-process-multiple-GPU (OHPMG) implementation of MD with embedded-atom-model or semi-empirical tight-binding many-body potentials. Because more device memory is available in an OHPMG process, the system size that can be handled is increased to a few million or more atoms. In comparison with the CPU implementation, in which Newton's third law is applied to improve the computational efficiency, our OHPMG implementation has achieved a 28.9x~86.0x speedup in double precision, depending on the system size, the cut-off ranges and the number of GPUs. The implementation can also handle a group of small boxes in one run by combining the small boxes into a large box. This approach greatly improves the GPU computing efficiency when a large number of MD simulations for small boxes are needed for statistical purposes.
description: 48 pages, 10 figures
title: Софийская площадь и ее значение в жизни  губернского Новгорода 1778 – 1917 гг.
Creators: name: Секретарь, Людмила
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена истории Софийской площади с 1778 до 1917 г. и ее роли в повседневной жизни губернского Новгорода. Анализируется архитектурный облик площади, последовательность сооружения на ней важных для города зданий, обще-ственных и культурных центров.
The charm of hot matter - charmonium and open charm measurements in Pb--Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Andronic, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present selected results obtained by the ALICE Collaboration concerning charmed hadron and quarkonium production in Pb--Pb collisions at the LHC.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures; proceedings of the International Workshop on Discovery at the LHC, Kruger Gate, dec. 2012
GeoLaB - Geothermal Laboratory in the Crystalline Basement
Creators: name: Kohl, Thomas
name: Bremer, Judith
name: Schill, Eva
name: Kolditz, Olaf
name: Sass, Ingo
name: Zimmermann, Günther
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Underground research laboratory
large-scale research infrastructure
fractured reservoirs
EGS
THMC processes
controlled high-flow experiments
digital twin
visualization
geoethical approach
participation
international research platform

description: In view of climate change and the geopolitical situation, Europe's dependence on fossil fuels must be reduced as quickly as possible and energy transition efforts accelerated. Geothermal energy has a key role for heat provision and storage. The greatest geothermal potential is in crystalline bedrock with important hotspots in tectonically stressed areas. To better harness this energy under sustainable, predictable, and efficient conditions, new targeted, science-based strategies are needed. The planned GeoLaB (Geothermal Laboratory in the Crystalline Basement) underground research laboratory will address fundamental challenges in reservoir technology and borehole safety of deep geothermal projects. The planned experiments will contribute significantly to our understanding of the coupled, nonlinear processes associated with high flow rates in crystalline reservoir rocks. The application and development of state-of-the-art monitoring and analysis tools will provide fundamental insights that are essential for the safe and environmentally sustainable exploitation of geothermal energy. As an interdisciplinary and international research platform, GeoLaB will collaborate with universities, industry partners and professional organizations to foster synergies. The geoscientific community is invited to take part in GeoLaB.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CUSTOMER FLOW OF FIVE STAR HOTELS IN ADDIS ABABA
Creators: name: Mulugeta Demissie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: This study emphasizes on the effect that social media has on the customer flow of the hotel

industry. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of social media in contribution to

customer flow of the hotel business in the country with special emphasis on the five-star hotels.

Currently, social media networks and websites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and many more

are redefining the way people communicate and share their travel and touring experiences.

As a result, more and more companies are turning to these platforms to gather information, keep

their customers informed about their products and so much more. In Ethiopia, however, the hotel

industry heavily depends on conventional media for communication and advertising. The

research has been conducted using explanatory research method since explanatory method is

where a researcher has an idea or has observed something and seek to understand more about

it. Sample size was calculated in the following formula and has come to be 214 respondents
Reachability in Two-Clock Timed Automata is PSPACE-complete
Creators: name: Fearnley, John
name: Jurdziński, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A recent result of Haase et al. has shown that reachability in two-clock timed automata is log-space equivalent to reachability in bounded one-counter automata. We show that reachability in bounded one-counter automata is PSPACE-complete.
Pion-pion interaction in the I=1 channel
Creators: name: Charron, Bruno
name: Collaboration, for HAL QCD
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results of a new approach to the study of the pion-pion system in the I=1 channel. The Bethe-Salpeter wave function of the two-pion system is computed on the ground state and the first excited state. From these, we attempt to extract an interaction kernel (potential) which can then be used to extract observables such as the phase shifts. In a first trial, we use rather large pion masses $m_π\sim 1.05$ GeV and $m_π\sim 0.68$ GeV which do not allow rho decay.
description: Poster presented at the 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2012), Cairns, Australia, 24-29 Jun 2012, 7 pages, 9 figures
Finite- and Large-sample Inference for Ranks Using Multinomial Data with an Application to Ranking Political Parties
Creators: name: Bazylik, S.
name: Mogstad, M.
name: Romano, J.P.
name: Shaikh, A.M.
name: Wilhelm, D.
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: confidence sets
multiple testing
polls
surveys

description: It is common to rank different categories by means of preferences that are revealed through data on choices. A prominent example is the ranking of political candidates or parties using the estimated share of support each one receives in surveys or polls about political attitudes. Since these rankings are computed using estimates of the share of support rather than the true share of support, there may be considerable uncertainty concerning the true ranking of the political candidates or parties. In this paper, we consider the problem of accounting for such uncertainty by constructing confidence sets for the rank of each category. We consider both the problem of constructing marginal confidence sets for the rank of a particular category as well as simultaneous confidence sets for the ranks of all categories. A distinguishing feature of our analysis is that we exploit the multinomial structure of the data to develop confidence sets that are valid in finite samples. We additionally develop confidence sets using the bootstrap that are valid only approximately in large samples. We use our methodology to rank political parties in Australia using data from the 2019 Australian Election Survey. We find that our finite-sample confidence sets are informative across the entire ranking of political parties, even in Australian territories with few survey respondents and/or with parties that are chosen by only a small share of the survey respondents. In contrast, the bootstrap-based confidence sets may sometimes be considerably less informative. These findings motivate us to compare these methods in an empirically-driven simulation study, in which we conclude that our finite-sample confidence sets often perform better than their large-sample, bootstrap-based counterparts, especially in settings that resemble our empirical application.
Domain walls in spin valve nanotracks: characterisation and applications
Creators: name: Sampaio, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic systems based on the manipulation of domain walls (DWs) in nano-tracks have been shown to store data at high density, perform complex logic operations, and mechanically manipulate magnetic beads. The magnetic track has been a model system to study magnetic and magneto-electronic phenomena, such as field induced DW propagation and spin-transfer torque. This thesis focuses on DW manipulation and DW-based devices in spin-valve (SV) tracks. In comparison to monolayer tracks, the SV track enables more sensitive and versatile measurements, as well as an electronic output of DW-based devices, of crucial interest to applications. However, these multi-layered tracks add new, potentially disruptive magnetic interactions, as well as fabrication challenges. In this thesis, the DW propagation in SV tracks of different compositions was studied, and a system with DW propagation properties comparable to the state-of-the-art in monolayer tracks was demonstrated, down to an unprecedented lateral size of 33nm. Several logic devices were demonstrated and studied, namely a turn-counting DW spiral, a DW gate, DW logic NOT gates, and a DW-DW interactor. It was found that the magnetic behaviour of these devices was analogous to that of monolayer structures, and the device performance, as defined by the range of field wherein they function desirably, was found to be comparable to that of monolayer systems. The interaction between DWs in adjacent tracks was studied and new phenomena were characterised, such as DW depinning induced by a static or travelling adjacent DW. The contribution of different mechanisms to electrical current induced depinning were quantified, and it was found that the Oersted field, negligible in monolayer tracks, was responsible for large variations in depinning field in SV tracks, and that the strength of spin-transfer effect was similar to that reported in monolayer tracks.
description: PhD Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011 http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542160
Effect of Miniaturisation on Jump Kinematics and Take-off Strategies in Jumping Spiders
Creators: name: Joshi, Pranav Milind
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Size affects the design of morphological and physiological characteristics along with the information processing capacity of animals. A reduction in size or miniaturisation is a biological phenomenon where animals within a single lineage have evolved extremely small body size where tissues and organs reach limits imposed by the physical world. Jumps, a common mode of locomotion in animals can be used as a benchmark information processing task. Jumping spiders of the family Salticidae frequently jump to avoid predators, capture prey and for locomotion. They also exhibit dramatic variation in body size both between and within species. Here, we investigated the effects of miniaturisation on the jumping kinematics and energetics in Australian spiders. We filmed the take-off locomotory jumps of 8 species of spiders that exhibited more than 50-fold differences in body mass. We carried out a frame-by-frame analyses and quantified their jump kinematics and energetics. While heavier spiders had higher take-off acceleration, we found ‘species’ explained most of the variation in acceleration. Variation in the energetics and jumping forces was best explained by body mass. We discuss here the variation in morphologies between species and how this affects jump take-off strategies in spiders in the context of miniaturisation.
Unifying and generalizing known lower bounds via geometric complexity theory
Creators: name: Grochow, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that most arithmetic circuit lower bounds and relations between lower bounds naturally fit into the representation-theoretic framework suggested by geometric complexity theory (GCT), including: the partial derivatives technique (Nisan-Wigderson), the results of Razborov and Smolensky on $AC^0[p]$, multilinear formula and circuit size lower bounds (Raz et al.), the degree bound (Strassen, Baur-Strassen), the connected components technique (Ben-Or), depth 3 arithmetic circuit lower bounds over finite fields (Grigoriev-Karpinski), lower bounds on permanent versus determinant (Mignon-Ressayre, Landsberg-Manivel-Ressayre), lower bounds on matrix multiplication (Bürgisser-Ikenmeyer) (these last two were already known to fit into GCT), the chasms at depth 3 and 4 (Gupta-Kayal-Kamath-Saptharishi; Agrawal-Vinay; Koiran), matrix rigidity (Valiant) and others. That is, the original proofs, with what is often just a little extra work, already provide representation-theoretic obstructions in the sense of GCT for their respective lower bounds. This enables us to expose a new viewpoint on GCT, whereby it is a natural unification and broad generalization of known results. It also shows that the framework of GCT is at least as powerful as known methods, and gives many new proofs-of-concept that GCT can indeed provide significant asymptotic lower bounds. This new viewpoint also opens up the possibility of fruitful two-way interactions between previous results and the new methods of GCT; we provide several concrete suggestions of such interactions. For example, the representation-theoretic viewpoint of GCT naturally provides new properties to consider in the search for new lower bounds.
Modulated two-level system : Exact work statistics
Creators: name: Verley, Gatien
name: Broeck, Christian Van Den
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an open two-level system driven by a piecewise constant periodic field and described by a rate equation with Fermi, Bose and Arrhenious rates respectively. We derive an analytical expression for the generating function and large deviation function of the work performed by the field and show that a work fluctuation theorem holds.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
The Benevolent Dictator? Demands for Democracy and Authoritarian Resilience in Oman
Creators: name: Ashford, Sylvie
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: authoritarianism, democratization, development, Gulf states, oil rents, Oman, popular uprising, rentier state theory, repression, Sultan Qaboos, timocracy

description: Oman saw 50 years of rapid economic development under the autocratic rule of Sultan Qaboos bin Said. The state’s simultaneous advancement and authoritarian resilience puzzled proponents of modernization theory. Even when the Arab Spring triggered waves of protests, the so-called benevolent dictator appeared unshakable. In this work, I identify challenges to authoritarianism and sources of state strength in Oman between 2000 and 2019. First, where did pressures for democratic reforms originate and how did they manifest? Analyzing recent protests, I find that educational cleavages are more relevant for understanding dissent today than the ethno-sectarian divides that historically mobilized critics of the regime. Second, how has state spending related to democratic pressures and authoritarian stability? Evaluating state responses to unrest, I conclude that the Sultanate has relied on oil rents to reward key protest groups. In response to new demands from educated citizens, the state has also made symbolic reforms and increasingly relied on repression. As higher education expands and oil rents falter, democratic demands may reemerge and force the state to either pursue democratization or forgo its benevolence.
WP147: Wage Theft in Low-Wage Industries:Mixed Methods Research in Silicon Valley
Creators: name: Tayag, Michael
name: Taube, Ruth Silver
name: Mondina, Felwina
name: Nasol, Katherine
name: Kinslow II, Anthony
name: Peterson, Forest
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education
Labor
Public Policy
Public Works
Wage Theft

description: Wage theft harms workers and their families directly, but also diminishes the collective bargaining power of workers by depressing hourly wages in the impacted industries and occupations. This has a ripple effect on the State’s economy, since it forces workers to rely on increasingly strained public assistance programs, which ultimately affects taxpayers.
The theft of workers’ earned wages is an epidemic that costs workers billions of dollars across various industries. In Santa Clara County alone, our analysis of federal, state, and local datasets found a total of 25,856 reported wage theft cases across industries. These cases affected 32,826 employees and amounted to $128,871,256 in total wage theft that is still unpaid—or an average of $3,926 per employee.
This report demonstrates that wage theft remains rampant in Santa Clara County due to insufficient government enforcement. Despite the progress that the state and local governments have made to combat the problem, workers continue to face wage theft in huge numbers. Even those who successfully file claims against their employers, enduring legal proceedings that can take months or years, largely fail to collect the back wages they are awarded. The crisis of wage theft has only worsened in the age of COVID-19, which has also exacerbated labor trafficking, health and safety violations, job losses, pay decreases, and retaliation against workers.
In this report, the Santa Clara County Wage Theft Coalition recommends state and local policies to (1) protect worker health and safety amid the pandemic, (2) prevent wage theft and strengthen enforcement, and (3) increase worker power and employer accountability.
On a trilinear form related to the Carleson theorem
Creators: name: Kovač, Vjekoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20

description: The main purpose of this short note is to present an adaptation of the multilinear Bellman function technique from [4] to the time-frequency analysis. Demeter and Thiele introduced the two-dimensional bilinear Hilbert transform in [3] and showed that the Carleson operator can be identified in particular instances of the corresponding trilinear form. Demeter considered the Walsh model of one such form in [2], in relation to the discussion of the Walsh-Carleson theorem. We prove boundedness of this trilinear form for a single triple of exponents at the boundary of the previously established range.
description: 7 pages
title: Старообрядчество Устюженского уезда  Новгородской губернии в XIX – XX вв.: динамика  расселения, конфессиональные взаимосвязи
Creators: name: Мельников, Илья
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: В статье на основе архивных источников дается анализ распространенности старообрядчества на северо-востоке Новгородской области в XIX–XX в., а также воспроизводится устная история старообрядческих сообществ Пестовского района в ХХ в.
title: Über die Hemmung des Flavivirins Makrocyclische Peptidderivate als Inhibitoren der NS2B-NS3-Protease des Zika-Virus und des West-Nil-Virus
Creators: name: Braun, Niklas Josua
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Peptide
Pharmacology & therapeutics, prescription drugs
Pharmakologie, Therapeutik
Peptide Synthesis
Enzyme Kinetics
Wirkstoffdesign
Enzymkinetik
Serinprotease
Drug Design
Peptidsynthese
Flavivirus
Enzyme
Dengue-Virus
Serine Protease
Dengue Virus

description: Das Flavivirin oder die NS2B-NS3-Protease ist ein Enzym, das essentiell für die Vermehrung aller Flavivirus-Spezies ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Möglichkeiten zur Hemmung des Flavivirins des Zika-Virus (ZIKV) und des West-Nil-Virus (WNV) durch cyclische Peptidderivate untersucht. Dazu wurden über 100 Verbindungen hergestellt, die in enzymkinetischen Assays, Röntgenstrukturanalysen und Zellkulturexperimenten umfassend untersucht wurden. Die dabei gewonnen Erkenntnisse zur Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehung liefern neue Ansatzpunkte zur Entwicklung antiviraler Wirkstoffe.
Natural Emergence of Cosmological Constant and Dark Radiation from Stephenson-Kilmister-Yang-Camenzind Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Chen, Pisin
name: Izumi, Keisuke
name: Tung, Nien-En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Stephenson-Kilmister-Yang (SKY) equation combined with Camenzind's matter current term naturally provides the cosmological constant and dark radiation as integration constants of the SKYC field equation. To characterize the property of the dark radiation, we develop a method to separate it from the ordinary radiation. We found a special property of Camenzind's matter current, namely that the solution space for radiation in fact belongs to that of the vacuum solution of SKY equation. We also found that his matter current does not obey the conservation condition suggested by Kilmister. Finally, we discuss the possible role of dark radiation emergent from the SKYC theory in recent cosmic-microwave-background observations and its implications to the inflation scenario.
description: 7 pages