cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large deviation for diffusions and Hamilton--Jacobi equation in Hilbert spaces
Creators: name: Feng, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10 (Primary) 60J25, 49L25, 60G99 (Secondary)

description: Large deviation for Markov processes can be studied by Hamilton--Jacobi equation techniques. The method of proof involves three steps: First, we apply a nonlinear transform to generators of the Markov processes, and verify that limit of the transformed generators exists. Such limit induces a Hamilton--Jacobi equation. Second, we show that a strong form of uniqueness (the comparison principle) holds for the limit equation. Finally, we verify an exponential compact containment estimate. The large deviation principle then follows from the above three verifications. This paper illustrates such a method applied to a class of Hilbert-space-valued small diffusion processes. The examples include stochastically perturbed Allen--Cahn, Cahn--Hilliard PDEs and a one-dimensional quasilinear PDE with a viscosity term. We prove the comparison principle using a variant of the Tataru method. We also discuss different notions of viscosity solution in infinite dimensions in such context.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000567 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Hydrodynamic simulations of an isolated star-forming gas cloud in the Virgo cluster
Creators: name: Calura, Francesco
name: Bellazzini, Michele
name: D'Ercole, Annibale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a suite of three-dimensional, high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations that follow the evolution of a massive (10^7 M_sun) pressure confined, star-forming neutral gas cloud moving through a hot intra-cluster medium (ICM). The main goal of the analysis is to get theoretical insight into the lifetimes and evolution of stellar systems like the recently discovered star-forming cloud SECCO~1 in the Virgo cluster of galaxies, but it may be of general interest for the study of the star-forming gas clumps that are observed in the tails of ram pressure stripped galaxies. Building upon a previous, simple simulation, we explored the effect of different relative velocity of the cloud and larger temperature of the ICM, as well as the effect of the cloud self-gravity. Moreover, we performed a simulation including star-formation and stellar feedback, allowing for a first time a direct comparison with the observed properties of the stars in the system. The survivability of the cold gas in the simulated clouds is granted on timescales of the order of 1 Gyr, with final cold gas fractions generally $>0.75$. In all cases, the simulated systems end up, after 1 Gyr of evolution, as symmetric clouds in pressure equilibrium with the external hot gas. We also confirm that gravity played a negligible role at the largest scales on the evolution of the clouds. In our simulation with star formation, star formation begins immediately, it peaks at the earliest times and decreases monotonically with time. Inhomogeneous supernova explosions are the cause of an asymmetric shape of the gas cloud, facilitating the development of instabilities and the decrease of the cold gas fraction.
description: MNRAS, accepted. 20 pages, 11 Figures
Re-examination of Northeast United States drought trends and characteristics
Creators: name: Walter, Marcus
name: Gilleland, Eric
name: Rajagopalan, Balaji
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: dry periods
regional water resources
climate change
precipitation patterns
drought index
drying trend

Drought or dry periods can have devastating societal and environmental impacts. For the northeastern United States, increases in dry periods could negatively impact the 54 million people who live in the region and depend upon the regional water resources. Because of climate change and the fluctuating precipitation patterns, drought/dry periods are expected to increase in the northeastern United States. In this study we use Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Extreme Value Theory (EVT), and other statistical techniques to diagnose trends, characteristics, and possible causality of summer drought/dry periods for this region. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), a widely employed and popular drought index, is used for the first part of the study. An independently developed dry period index, based on evaporation estimates and precipitation data, is used for the second part of the study. Early results from the PCA performed on the PDSI data show a drying trend, spatially and temporally, for the northeastern United States, with the most intense drying visible over Pennsylvania. Results also show that there may be significant antecedent and seasonal correlations between the PDSI dataset and global weather and climate indices, such as land and sea surface temperatures and global surface wind fields, to name a few. This analysis is the first step in understanding the seasonal and sub-seasonal drought/dry period occurrences in the Northeast. It also gives insight into how these events are related to climate change and climate indices and improves the assessment and understanding of changes in drought/dry periods in this region.
Path integral in area tensor Regge calculus and complex connections
Creators: name: Khatsymovsky, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Euclidean quantum measure in Regge calculus with independent area tensors is considered using example of the Regge manifold of a simple structure. We go over to integrations along certain contours in the hyperplane of complex connection variables. Discrete connection and curvature on classical solutions of the equations of motion are not, strictly speaking, genuine connection and curvature, but more general quantities and, therefore, these do not appear as arguments of a function to be averaged, but are the integration (dummy) variables. We argue that upon integrating out the latter the resulting measure can be well-defined on physical hypersurface (for the area tensors corresponding to certain edge vectors, i.e. to certain metric) as positive and having exponential cutoff at large areas on condition that we confine ourselves to configurations which do not pass through degenerate metrics.
description: 10 pages, plain LaTeX, matches the published version
Understanding the molecular mechanism of the chlorine atom transfer between ammonia and hypochlorous acid with electron localisation function (ELF)
Creators: name: Michalski, Michal
name: Berski, Slawomir
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The nature of the chlorine atom transferred between ammonia and hypochlorous acid was investigated using the bonding evolution theory (BET). The application of topological analysis of electron localisation function (ELF) and Thom's catastrophe theory enabled a detailed description of the evolution of chemical bonds and non-bonding electron density. The BET analysis was performed at the DFT(MN15)/def2-TZVPPD computational level. The Hausdorff distance was used as a qualitative view on the evolution of the ELF field. The molecular mechanism of the chlorination reaction consisted of 11 structural stability domains (SSDs) and 10 ELF catastrophes. Four SSDs were observed before the transition state (TS). The TS was found in SSD V, and six SSDs were distinguished after the TS. The energy barriers were analysed with six different DFT functionals (B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, LC-ωPBE, M11, MN15, ωB97XD) and def2-TZVPPD basis set. The energy barrier between transition state and reagents was smaller than transition state and products, thus the chlorination of ammonia is thermodynamically favourable. Alongside BET analysis, NPA (natural population analysis), AIM (atoms in molecules) and APT (atomic polar tensor) charge analysis was also applied to the transferred chlorine atom.
Key distillation from quantum channels using two-way communication protocols
Creators: name: Bae, Joonwoo
name: Acin, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general formalism to characterize the cryptographic properties of quantum channels in the realistic scenario where the two honest parties employ prepare and measure protocols and the known two-way communication reconciliation techniques. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to distill a secret key using this type of schemes for Pauli qubit channels and generalized Pauli channels in higher dimension. Our results can be applied to standard protocols such as BB84 or six-state, giving a critical error rate of 20% and 27.6%, respectively. We explore several possibilities to enlarge these bounds, without any improvement. These results suggest that there may exist weakly entangling channels useless for key distribution using prepare and measure schemes.
description: 21 pages
Letter from the Municipality of Coldstream to "Sir" [James Goldie], September 01, 1914
Creators: name: Municipality Of Coldstream
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to "Sir" [James Goldie] from the Municipality of Coldstream, dated September 01, 1914, replying to a letter about taxes and a misunderstanding regarding fencing and ditching.
Assessing tropical cyclone contribution to annual global rainfall
Creators: name: Williams, Christopher
name: Marks, Frank
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2008
Subjects: R-CLIPER
TRMM

Any change in tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall could positively and/or adversely impact the well-being of humans worldwide. This first global 10-year Rainfall Climatology and Persistence (R-CLIPER) model TC rainfall study seeks to enhance the basic understanding of TC contribution to annual global rainfall. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data provided accurate rainfall rates that were incorporated in R-CLIPER and were used in conjunction with rain gauge data by the TRMM global rainfall algorithm (3B-43) to make monthly mean global precipitation amount best estimates between 50째N and 50째S. R-CLIPER integrated the TRMM-derived climatological rainfall distribution at every 10-minute time step over the lifetime of each TC to estimate the individual TC rainfall. Annual TC and global rainfall estimates were integrated on 0.25째 x 0.25째 latitude/longitude grids for the years between 1998 and 2007. The annual TC rainfall totals were compared to annual global rainfall totals to assess TC rainfall percent contribution to global rainfall. The results suggest TCs contributed between ~2-3% of the annual global rainfall during the 10-year period with regionally higher percentages reaching 10-15% in the subtropics and as high as 25-40% in certain local areas. The results of this study could be useful to risk and water management agencies for identifying which regions around the world depend upon TC rainfall for agriculture and other uses and have added value considering that TC rainfall contributions may fluctuate as a result of climate change.
Poleward moisture transport by recurving tropical cyclones and its effect on mid-latitude precipitation
Creators: name: Boone, Graylen
name: Davis, Christopher
name: Schumacher, Russ
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: torrential downpour
immediate impacts
moisture properties
intensification of precipitation
sensitivity of rainfall accumulations
simulation

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause extensive damage due to strong winds, storm surge, and rainfall. These systems are capable of torrential downpours, producing flooding and forceful winds that damage buildings. Past studies and forecasts have focused on the immediate impacts surrounding the area of a TC; however, few studies have examined the effects that TCs have away from their immediate areas. The focus of this study is to examine the moisture properties of Hurricane Ike, the properties of the stormâs pre-existing conditions, and how Ike contributed to the intensification of precipitation poleward from itself. Version 3.1 of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW) was initialized to simulate Hurricane Ike on 13 September 2008 at 0000 UTC and on 12 September 2008 at 1200 UTC, with both ending on 16 September at 0000 UTC. The WRF-ARW model was able to replicate the occurrence of Hurricane Ike in the real atmosphere. Comparisons between both simulations and observations illustrated differences in reference to each other, but the general structure of the precipitation, water vapor, and temperature fields were similar. To test the sensitivity of rainfall accumulations to the presence of Ike, another simulation was run with Ike removed at the initialization of the second simulation. Initial analysis of the Ike removal scheme revealed a decrease in the moisture parameters; however, further study is needed to quantify Ikeâs impact. This study offers insight into forecasting issues with areas poleward of tropical cyclones such as Hurricane Ike.
Vortex solutions in nonpolynomial scalar QED
Creators: name: Lima, F. C. E.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
name: Almeida, C. A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate possible topological vortex structures in generalized models, we developed a perturbative generation approach for scalar-vector theories. We demonstrate explicitly that the dielectric permeability functions must have a nonpolynomial shape, i. e., the form of the logarithmic function. Basing on this result, we built models in $(2+1)D$ with logarithmic dielectric permeability in order to investigate the presence of topological vortex structures in a Maxwell model. This type of scalar-vector models is important because they can generate stationary field solutions in theories describing the dynamics of the scalar field. As examples, we chose models of the complex scalar field coupled to the Maxwell field. Subsequently, we investigated the model's Bogomol'nyi equations to describe the field configurations. Then, we demonstrate numerically, for an ansatz with rotational symmetry, that the solutions of the complex scalar field generating minimum energy configurations are topological structures depending on the parameters obtained in the perturbative generation of the vector-scalar theory.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
Decadal changes in size, salinity, waterbirds, and fish in lakes of the Konya Closed Basin, Turkey, associated with climate change and increasing water abstraction for agriculture
Creators: name: Yılmaz, Gültekin
name: Çolak, Mehmet Arda
name: Özgencil, İbrahim Kaan
name: Metin, Melisa
name: Korkmaz, Mustafa
name: Ertuğrul, Serhat
name: Soyluer, Melisa
name: Bucak, Tuba
name: Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan
name: Özkan, Korhan
name: Akyürek, Zuhal
name: Beklioğlu, Meryem
name: Jeppesen, Erik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The Konya Closed Basin (KCB) in Turkey has a cold semiarid to warm Mediterranean climate and hosts the largest Turkish freshwater lake, Lake Beyşehir, and the iconic saline Lake Tuz. Using published as well as our own ground-truth and remote sensing data, we provide (1) a brief description of the paleoenvironmental changes in the KCB; followed by (2) a detailed description of the changes in land use, crop farming, groundwater and surface water levels, and climate; and (3) associated changes in lake water surface area and salinity as well as in waterbird and fish communities during the past 40 years. The KCB is intensively farmed, and the farming of mainly water intensive crops has increased substantially, especially since 2000. This, combined with climate warming, has led to a substantial rate of reduction of the groundwater level (up to 1 m/yr) and the surface area of the lakes and wetlands, followed by an increase in salinisation, and even complete loss of several wetlands. Three globally threatened waterbird species face extinction in the basin, and 18 of the 62 previous breeding species have already been lost. The KCB has 38 fish species, of which 74% are endemic and 61% are considered threatened or near threatened. Modelling projections using various climate and land use scenarios predict serious additional reductions of the water level in the future due to climate change, leading to deterioration (or complete loss) of lake ecosystems and the services they provide.
Supernova 2018cuf: A Type IIP supernova with a slow fall from plateau
Creators: name: Dong, Yize
name: Valenti, S.
name: Bostroem, K. A.
name: Sand, D. J.
name: Andrews, Jennifer E.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Eweis, Youssef
name: Kwok, Lindsey
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: Davis, Scott
name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Kuncarayakti, H.
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Rho, Jeonghee
name: Amaro, R. C.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Arcavi, Iair
name: Burke, Jamison
name: Dastidar, Raya
name: Folatelli", "Gastón
name: Haislip, Joshua
name: Hiramatsu, Daichi
name: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin
name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: Jencson, J.
name: Kouprianov, Vladimir
name: Lundquist, M.
name: Lyman, J. D.
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Misra, Kuntal
name: Reichart, Daniel E.
name: Sánchez", "S. F.
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Lingzhi
name: Wyatt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-band photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2018cuf, a Type IIP ("P" for plateau) supernova (SN) discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc survey (DLT40) within 24 hours of explosion. SN 2018cuf appears to be a typical Type IIP SN, with an absolute $V$-band magnitude of $-$16.73 $\pm$ 0.32 at maximum and a decline rate of 0.21 $\pm$ 0.05 mag/50d during the plateau phase. The distance of the object is constrained to be 41.8 $\pm$ 5.7 Mpc by using the expanding photosphere method. We use spectroscopic and photometric observations from the first year after the explosion to constrain the progenitor of SN 2018cuf using both hydrodynamic light curve modelling and late-time spectroscopic modelling. The progenitor of SN 2018cuf was most likely a red supergiant of about 14.5 $\rm M_{\odot}$ that produced 0.04 $\pm$ 0.01 $\rm M_{\odot}$ $\rm ^{56}Ni$ during the explosion. We also found $\sim$ 0.07 $\rm M_{\odot}$ of circumstellar material (CSM) around the progenitor is needed to fit the early light curves, where the CSM may originate from pre-supernova outbursts. During the plateau phase, high velocity features at $\rm \sim 11000\ km~s^{-1}$ are detected both in the optical and near-infrared spectra, supporting the possibility that the ejecta were interacting with some CSM. A very shallow slope during the post-plateau phase is also observed and it is likely due to a low degree of nickel mixing or the relatively high nickel mass in the SN.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ
Out-of-Plane Cmos Compatible Magnetometers
Creators: name: Ghorba, M. El
name: André, N.
name: Sobieski, S.
name: Raskin, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Three-dimensional MEMS magnetometers with use of residual stresses in thin multilayers cantilevers are presented. Half-loop cantilevers based on Lorentz-force deflection convert magnetic flux in changes, thanks to piezoresistive transducers mounted in Wheatstone bridge. Magnetic field in the order of 10 Gauss was measured with a sensitivity of 0.015 mV/Gauss. A Finite Element Model of the device has been developed with Ansys for static and dynamic simulations. Novel out-of-plane ferromagnetic nickel plate magnetometer is also presented.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
The effects of cloud cover on photosynthesis in a sub-alpine forest ecosystem focusing on Niwot Ridge, Colorado
Creators: name: Detweiler, Raymond
name: Laffea, Lynette
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: climate change
carbon sink
photosynthetically active radiation
carbon uptake

Climate change is an increasing concern worldwide. In the Northern Hemisphere, sub-alpine ecosystems serve as a major carbon sink. Recent research has shown that these ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to changes in climate. Small drops in water availability and increases in temperature, for example, have been shown to cause significant reductions in the ecosystemâs ability to sequester carbon despite longer growing season lengths. In this study, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, relative humidity, sap flow, soil moisture and soil temperature sensors were deployed in a high-altitude sub-alpine forest ecosystem at Niwot Ridge near Nederland, Colorado, to measure carbon uptake. Using the data obtained from these sensors, preliminary observations concerning the effects of cloud cover on COâ sequestration were made. Data from three representative days in the month of July were analyzed in order to observe the differences on a sunny, cloudy, and partly cloudy day. From these preliminary results, the carbon uptake appeared to be greater on the sunny day with less uptake occurring on the partly cloudy day and even less on the completely overcast day. This is contrary to existing research which suggests that cloudy and partly cloudy days should in fact increase sequestration because light is distributed more evenly and lower temperatures keep exchange passages within the leaf open. These results may be due to factors such as the unusually persistent afternoon rains that occurred during this growing season that decreased overall temperatures.
Effect of Crystallographic Orientation on the Potential Barrier and Conductivity of Bessel Written Graphitic Electrodes in Diamond
Creators: name: Kuriakose, Akhil
name: Chiappini, Andrea
name: Apra, Pietro
name: Jedrkiewicz, Ottavia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast laser micromachining can be used to promote diamond graphitisation, enabling the creation of electrically conductive wires embedded in the diamond matrix. In this context, the presence of a potential barrier in the conductivity of transverse graphitic wires fabricated by pulsed Bessel beams without sample translation across 500 μm thick monocrystalline CVD diamond has been studied. In particular, the role of the crystallographic orientation has been analysed. The morphology and the conductivity of the obtained electrodes have been studied using optical microscopy and current-voltage measurements, while the structural changes have been investigated by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy. By using different laser writing parameters, we have explored the features of different electrodes in a (100) and a (110) oriented diamond crystal respectively. We show that in addition to the use of specific pulse energies and durations (in the fs and ps regimes), the crystallographic orientation of the sample plays an important role in reducing or eliminating the potential barrier height of the IV electrical characterization curves. In a (110) oriented sample, it is possible to eradicate the potential barrier completely even for graphitic wires fabricated at low pulse energy and in the fs pulse duration regime, in contrast to the (100) oriented-crystal case where the barrier is generally observed.
Finitely additive beliefs and universal type spaces
Creators: name: Meier, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A40, 91A35, 28E (Primary)

description: The probabilistic type spaces in the sense of Harsanyi [Management Sci. 14 (1967/68) 159--182, 320--334, 486--502] are the prevalent models used to describe interactive uncertainty. In this paper we examine the existence of a universal type space when beliefs are described by finitely additive probability measures. We find that in the category of all type spaces that satisfy certain measurability conditions ($κ$-measurability, for some fixed regular cardinal $κ$), there is a universal type space (i.e., a terminal object) to which every type space can be mapped in a unique beliefs-preserving way. However, by a probabilistic adaption of the elegant sober-drunk example of Heifetz and Samet [Games Econom. Behav. 22 (1998) 260--273] we show that if all subsets of the spaces are required to be measurable, then there is no universal type space.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000576 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Tuneable Capacitor based on dual picks profile of the sacrificial layer
Creators: name: Soulimane, S.
name: Casset, F.
name: Chapuis, F.
name: Charvet, P. -L.
name: aïd, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a novel dual gap tuneable capacitor process based on the profile of the sacrificial layer. This profile involves a tri-layer photo-resist process with only one mask level. This realization is based on a special profile of the sacrificial layer designed by two picks. The mechanism of the sacrificial layer realisation is dependent on resist thickness, resist formulation (viscosity, type of polymer and/or solvent, additives...), design of the patterned layer (size or width) and the conditions under which this layer is prepared: thermal treatment, etch back processes... In this communication we demonstrate influence of the later parameters and discuss how a dual pick profile was achieved.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Breakdown of Luttinger's theorem in two-orbital Mott insulators
Creators: name: Rosch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of Luttinger's theorem shows that -- contrary to recent claims -- it is not valid for a generic Mott insulator. For a two-orbital Hubbard model with two electrons per site the crossover from a non-magnetic correlated insulating phase (Mott or Kondo insulator) to a band insulator is investigated. Mott insulating phases are characterized by poles of the self-energy and corresponding zeros in the Greens functions defining a ``Luttinger surface'' which is absent for band insulators. Nevertheless, the ground states of such insulators with two electrons per unit cell are adiabatically connected.
description: published version, some formulations changed
Interlaboratory consensus building challenge
Creators: name: Mana, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65C20, 62C10,

description: The manuscript is about an interlaboratory comparison which involved eleven metrology institutes. It comprises four tasks: i) deriving a consensus value from these results; ii) evaluating the associated standard uncertainty; iii) producing a coverage interval that, with 95\% confidence, is believed to include the true value of which the consensus value is an estimate; iv) suggesting how the measurement result from NIST may be compared with the consensus value.
description: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Solution to interlaboratory consensus building challenge 5 pages, 4 figures
Evaluating the effects of latent heating in tropical cyclone Sinlaku's extratroplical transition using ARW and energetics analysis
Creators: name: Hernandez, Michael
name: Kuo, Ying-Hwa
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: asymmetric cold core
warm core
gale force winds
fake dry physics
horizontal kinetic energy

Of all the Tropical Cyclones (TC) that occur worldwide, 42% (27%) of the North Atlantic (western North Pacific) storms undergo Extratropical Transition (ET) into Extratropical Cyclones (EC). EC are asymmetric cold core systems as opposed to their warm core predecessors, and their radii of gale force winds (17msâťÂš) may increase by a factor of two to three times their original radii. This expansion of the gale force winds can cause a significant amount of damage. In addition, these ET can trigger and amplify upper atmospheric waves, indirectly leading to the generation of other powerful storms across the world, which makes it imperative to study the dynamics and energetics involved with the ET. The ET of TC Sinlaku (2008), with the aid of a 500mb shortwave, was well observed through an international field campaign, THORPEX Pacific-Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). To understand the effects of latent heating when Sinlaku transitioned, this study has followed similar techniques to Kuo et al. (1990). Two different sets of simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Advance Research WRF core were conducted, involving a full set of physics and fake dry physics (neglecting latent heating). This study looked at the evolution of Horizontal Kinetic Energy and its components to examine the impact of latent heating on the energetics of of the ET processes. Results drawn from both simulations suggest that latent heating is crucial for the maintenance of the TC and the 500 mb trough, and for the ET process. This is clearly reflected by the significant differences in the kinetic energy of the two ARW simulations with and without latent heating.
Reduced 30% scanning time 3D multiplexer integrated circuit applied to large array format 20KHZ frequency inkjet print heads
Creators: name: Liou, J. -C.
name: Tseng, F. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enhancement of the number and array density of nozzles within an inkjet head chip is one of the keys to raise the printing speed and printing resolutions. However, traditional 2D architecture of driving circuits can not meet the requirement for high scanning speed and low data accessing points when nozzle numbers greater than 1000. This paper proposes a novel architecture of high-selection-speed three-dimensional data registration for inkjet applications. With the configuration of three-dimensional data registration, the number of data accessing points as well as the scanning lines can be greatly reduced for large array inkjet printheads with nozzles numbering more than 1000. This IC (Integrated Circuit) architecture involves three-dimensional multiplexing with the provision of a gating transistor for each ink firing resistor, where ink firing resistors are triggered only by the selection of their associated gating transistors. Three signals: selection (S), address (A), and power supply (P), are employed together to activate a nozzle for droplet ejection. The smart printhead controller has been designed by a 0.35 um CMOS process with a total circuit area, 2500 x 500 microm2, which is 80% of the cirucuit area by 2D configuration for 1000 nozzles. Experiment results demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated IC in operation, signal transmission and a potential to control more than 1000 nozzles with only 31 data access points and reduced 30% scanning time.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
A higher order tracer transport scheme for icosahedral hexagonal grid
Creators: name: Menchaca, Maximo
name: Skamarock, William
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: weather model
climate model
tracer advection
Taylor expansion
monotonicity preservation

Weather and climate models require both efficient and accurate numerical methods to simulate tracer (e.g., moisture, salinity) advection. The distribution of the tracer used in transport equations is approximated by a Taylor expansion. A scheme is developed that builds upon a simpler, second-order convergent method. This original method describes tracer distributions with a first-order Taylor expansion, while the extension uses a second-order expansion to describe the distribution. The original method is conservative and defines a simple departure region, but violates monotonicity preservation. This scheme, due to its simplicity, is not very accurate with more complex tracer and velocity flow configurations. The extension of the method requires three specific modifications: Greenâs Theorem is used to calculate these next order terms and minimize the computational stencil, Gauss Quadrature is employed to calculate the tracer advected in a departure region, and the cell-averaged value is re-normalized to correct for the addition of these higher order terms. Two tests are run on a planar, perfect hexagonal grid: a solid body rotational case and a time-dependent deformational-flow case. The extension of the tracer distribution function shows marked improvements over the original method, and this extended scheme is third-order convergent for the solid-body rotation case. The improvements, however, are not as obvious when in the deformational-flow test. Nonetheless, the results indicate that the scheme warrants further testing. The successful application of a flux limiter shows that the method can be prepared further for possible implementation into weather and climate models.
MARTY -- Modern ARtificial Theoretical phYsicist: A C++ framework automating symbolic calculations Beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Uhlrich, G.
name: Mahmoudi, F.
name: Arbey, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) will become more and more important in the near future with a rapidly increasing amount of data from different experiments around the world. The full study of BSM models is in general an extremely time-consuming task involving long and difficult calculations. It is in practice not possible to do exhaustive predictions in these models by hand, in particular if one wants to perform a statistical comparison with data and the SM. Here we present MARTY (Modern ARtificial Theoretical phYsicist), a new C++ framework that fully automates calculations from the Lagrangian to physical quantities such as amplitudes or cross-sections. This framework can fully simplify, automatically and symbolically, physical quantities in a very large variety of models. MARTY can also compute Wilson coefficients in effective theories. This will considerably facilitate the study of BSM models in flavor physics. Contrary to the existing public codes in this field MARTY aims to give a unique, free, open-source, powerful and user-friendly tool for high-energy physicists studying predictive BSM models, in effective or full theories up to the 1-loop level, which does not rely on any external package. With a few lines of code one can gather final expressions that may be evaluated numerically for statistical analysis. Features like automatic generation and manual edition of Feynman diagrams, comprehensive manual and documentation, clear and easy to handle user interface are amongst notable features of MARTY.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Climatology of precipitation in West Africa through observational studies
Creators: name: Morris, Imani
name: Kucera, Paul
name: Chapman, Michael
name: Brown, Barbara
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: Sahelian belt
drought
flash floods
crop failures
TITAN
storm statistics

The occurrence of precipitation in the Sahelian belt is highly variable and unpredictable. Incessant droughts and spasmodic flash floods cause residents to experience crop failures due to drought and subsequent famine. These unfortunate occurrences served as the motivation for this study. This research utilized the Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting (TITAN) tool to detect and evaluate storms, summarize the precipitation regime of Mali, West Africa, and compare storm statistics of observed squall lines and Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) for the study period of 2006-2008. The results of this research are promising for the future of precipitation occurrence in the Sahelian region. Time series and storm distribution analysis showed that the region experienced atypical rainy seasons for the last three years, with storms in 2008 being the most intense and producing the most precipitation. The comparison of MCS and squall line statistics allowed for the preliminary designation of storm characteristics. Results showed that compared to chosen MCS cases, squall lines tend to be more intense, produce more precipitation, last longer, and have higher storm heights. Future work includes scrutinizing additional storms and storm statistics and performing model verification.
Cis–trans isomerisation and absorption properties of the ring-extended azobenzene
Creators: name: Dhiman, Angat
name: Ramachandran, C. N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: A series of azobenzene derivatives which differ in the number of rings attached to benzene is investigated using dispersion-corrected density-functional theoretical methods. The studies on the effect of extended rings on the energy of cis and trans isomers (ΔEcis–trans) of the derivatives revealed that ΔEcis–trans is increased from azobenzene to azoanthracene, however, decreased when the rings are extended in two dimensions. The time-dependent density-functional theoretical studies showed that the extension of rings in two-dimension shifts absorption maximum from ultraviolet to visible region. The investigations on fluorine and amino-substituted derivatives of azocoronene showed its cis isomer as lower in energy than trans isomer.
Periodic driving induced helical Floquet channels with ultracold atoms in momentum space
Creators: name: Xiao, Teng
name: Xie, Dizhou
name: Gou, Wei
name: Chen, and Tao
name: Deng, Tian-Shu
name: Yi, Wei
name: Yan, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing the external degrees of freedom of atoms as synthetic dimensions renders easy and new accesses to quantum engineering and quantum simulation. As a recent development, ultracold atoms suffering from two-photon Bragg transitions can be diffracted into a series of discrete momentum states to form a momentum lattice. Here we provide a detailed analysis on such a system, and, as a concrete example, report the observation of robust helical Floquet channels, by introducing periodic driving sequences. The robustness of these channels against perturbations is confirmed, as a test for their topological origin captured by Floquet winding numbers. The periodic switching demonstrated here serves as a testbed for more complicated Floquet engieering schemes, and offers exciting opportunities to study novel topological physics in a many-body setting with tunable interactions.
description: partial overlap with the last section of arxiv:1906.12016V1, which was left out of the published version
Lexical and grammatical elicitation: Possession, verbal agreement, and tense-aspect
Creators: name: Palacio, Frank
name: Björklund, Anna
name: Dabkowski, Maksymilian
name: Elias, Alexander
name: López Márquez, Wendy
name: Michael, Lev
name: Montaño Ramírez, Tzintia
name: Robertson, Allegra
name: Robinson, Dakota
name: Wellstood, Zachary
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cab

description: Includes unpossessed and possessed forms of body part and non-body part nouns, and first and second person agreement on intransitive and transitive verbs.
Basis-independent methods for the two-Higgs-doublet model II. The significance of tan(beta)
Creators: name: Haber, Howard E.
name: O'Neil, Deva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the most general two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), there is no distinction between the two complex hypercharge-one SU(2) doublet scalar fields, Phi_a (a=1,2). Thus, any two orthonormal linear combinations of these two fields can serve as a basis for the Lagrangian. All physical observables of the model must therefore be basis-independent. For example, tan(beta)=/ is basis-dependent and thus cannot be a physical parameter of the model. In this paper, we provide a basis-independent treatment of the Higgs sector with particular attention to the neutral Higgs boson mass-eigenstates, which generically are not eigenstates of CP. We then demonstrate that all physical Higgs couplings are indeed independent of tan(beta). In specialized versions of the 2HDM, tan(beta) can be promoted to a physical parameter of the Higgs-fermion interactions. In the most general 2HDM, the Higgs-fermion couplings can be expressed in terms of a number of physical "tan(beta)--like" parameters that are manifestly basis-independent. The minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model provides a simple framework for exhibiting such effects.
description: 56 pages, 5 tables, with Eq. (65) corrected (erratum to appear in Physical Review D)
Ionic strength effect on the kinetics and mechanism of N-vinyl compound formation in the presence of heterocyclic biological base: empirical and theoretical approaches
Creators: name: Habibi-Khorassani, Sayyed Mostafa
name: Shahraki, Mehdi
name: Talaiefar, Sadegh
name: Ghodsi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: In the current work, kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), thiazolidine-2,4-dione (heterocyclic biological base, TZD) and triphenylarsine (TPA) has been studied for the synthesis of N-vinyl compound in the presence of various salts and solvents by the UV–visible technique. Through an alternation in the reaction environment from lone methanol (kobs = 0.3121 M−1Min−1) or acetone alone (kobs = 0.008 M−1Min−1) to a mixture of methanol and salt (NaBr) (kobs = 21.35 M−1Min−1), the reaction rate extremely accelerates 70 or 2600 times more, respectively. These remarkable results indicated that the mentioned reaction has greatly proceeded and extremely faster in the mixture of a polar solvent and salt in comparison with the solvent alone. A mechanism involving four steps was proposed. Unfortunately, experimental data from the UV–visible technique were not adequate to determine the rate-determining step of the reaction mechanism. To clear this, Molecular Electron Density Theory computations have been consulted at the B3LYP level of theory using the standard 6-311 + G (d, p) and extra basis set of 6-311 + G (2df, 2pd) for the arsenic atom. The analysis of the relative schematic representation of the Gibbs free energy profiles revealed that 1,2-hydrogen shift proton is the rate-determining step of the reaction mechanism. The comparison of the rate constant of the reaction between DMAD, TZD and TPA in the presence of salt such as NaBr with this reaction in the absence of salt.
Spectroscopic study of CEMP-(s & r/s) stars- Revisiting classification criteria and formation scenarios, highlighting i-process nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Goswami, Partha Pratim
name: Rathour, Rajeev Singh
name: Goswami, Aruna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived the stellar atmospheric parameters, the effective temperature T$_{eff}$, the microturbulent velocity $ζ$, the surface gravity log g, and the metallicity [Fe/H] for HE 0017+0055, HE 2144-1832, HE 2339-0837, HD 145777, and CD-27 14351 from local thermodynamic equilibrium analyses using model atmospheres. Elemental abundances of C, N, $α$-elements, iron-peak elements, and several neutron-capture elements are estimated using the equivalent width measurement technique as well as spectrum synthesis calculations in some cases. In the context of the double enhancement observed in four of the programme stars, we have critically examined whether the literature i-process model yields ([X/Fe]) of heavy elements can explain the observed abundance distribution. The estimated metallicity [Fe/H] of the programme stars ranges from -1.63 to -2.74. All five stars show enhanced abundance for Ba, and four of them exhibit enhanced abundance for Eu. Based on our analysis, HE 0017+0055, HE 2144-1832, and HE 2339-0837 are found to be CEMP-r/s stars, whereas HD 145777 and CD-27 14351 show characteristic properties of CEMP-s stars. From a detailed analysis of different classifiers of CEMP stars, using a large sample of similar stars from the literature, we have identified the one which best describes the CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars. We have also examined if [hs/ls] alone can be used as a classifier, and if there are any limiting values for [hs/ls] ratio that can be used to distinguish CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars. In spite of peaking at different values of [hs/ls], CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars show an overlap in the range 0.0 < [hs/ls] < 1.5 and hence this ratio alone can not be used to distinguish CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)