cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An optimization method to compensate accelerator performance drifts
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Song, Minghao
name: Huang, Xiaobiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerator performance often deteriorates with time during a long period of operation due to secular changes in the machine components or the surrounding environment. In many cases some tuning knobs are effective in compensating the performance drifts and optimization methods can be used to find the ideal machine setting. However, such intervention usually cannot be done without interrupting user operation as the optimization algorithms can substantially impact the machine performance. We propose an optimization algorithm, Safe Robust Conjugate Direction Search (RCDS-S), which can perform accelerator tuning while keeping the machine performance within a designated safe envelope. The algorithm builds probability models of the objective function using Lipschitz continuity of the function as well as characteristics of the drifts and applies to the selection of trial solutions to ensure the machine operates safely during tuning. The algorithm can run during normal user operation constantly, or periodically, to compensate the performance drifts. Simulation and online tests have been done to validate the performance of the algorithm.
An infinite natural product
Creators: name: Lipparini, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E10, 06A05

description: We study an infinite countable iteration of the natural product between ordinals. We present an "effective" way to compute this countable natural product, in the non trivial cases the result depends only on the natural sum of the degrees of the factors, where the degree of a nonzero ordinal is the largest exponent in its Cantor normal form representation. Thus we are able to lift former results about infinitary sums to infinitary products. Finally, we provide an order-theoretical characterization of the infinite natural product, this characterization merges in a nontrivial way a theorem by Carruth describing the natural product of two ordinals and a known description of the ordinal product of a possibly infinite sequence of ordinals.
description: v.2 added something
Observation of Single Pair of Type-III Weyl Points in Sonic Crystals
Creators: name: Li, Xiao-Ping
name: Li, Feng
name: Zhou, Di
name: Wu, Ying
name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In electronics systems, the Weyl points can be classified into three types based on the geometry of the Fermi surface, and each type exhibits various unique and intriguing phenomena. While the type-I and type-II Weyl points have been achieved in both spinful and spinless systems, the realization of type-III Weyl points remains challenging, and has not been reported in artificial periodic systems. Here, we for the first time report the experimental observation of the type-III Weyl points in a sonic crystal. Remarkably, a single pair of type-III Weyl points are observed as the only band crossings in a frequency range, experimentally disproving a common belief in the field, namely, the minimal number of Weyl points in nonmagnetic systems is four. The consistency between experimental results and theoretical predictions confirms the existence of type-III Weyl points, noncontractible Fermi arc surface states, and chiral edge states. Our work not only fill the gap of the type-III Weyl point in sonic crystal but also stimulate related researches in other systems, such as photonic, mechanical and cold atom systems.
Phase diagrams of Bose-Hubbard model and antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 models on a honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Nakafuji, T.
name: Ichinose, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experimental realization of the Haldane model by ultracold fermions in an optical lattice, we investigate phase diagrams of the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model on a honeycomb lattice. This model is closely related with a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum spin model. Nearest-neighbor (NN) hopping amplitude is positive and it prefers an AF configurations of phases of Bose-Einstein condensates. On the other hand, an amplitude of the next-NN hopping depends on an angle variable as in the Haldane model. Phase diagrams are obtained by means of an extended path-integral Monte-Carlo simulations. Besides the AF state, a 120$^o$-order state, there appear other phases including a Bose metal in which no long-range orders exist.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, Version to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Quantum Receiver Enhanced by Adaptive Learning
Creators: name: Cui, Chaohan
name: Horrocks, William
name: Hao, Shuhong
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Peyghambarian, N.
name: Zhuang, Quntao
name: Zhang, Zheshen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum receivers aim to effectively navigate the vast quantum-state space to endow quantum information processing capabilities unmatched by classical receivers. To date, only a handful of quantum receivers have been constructed to tackle the problem of discriminating coherent states. Quantum receivers designed by analytical approaches, however, are incapable of effectively adapting to diverse environment conditions, resulting in their quickly diminishing performance as the operational complexities increase. Here, we present a general architecture, dubbed the quantum receiver enhanced by adaptive learning (QREAL), to adapt quantum receiver structures to diverse operational conditions. QREAL is experimentally implemented in a hardware platform with record-high efficiency. Combining the QREAL architecture and the experimental advances, the error rate is reduced up to 40% over the standard quantum limit in two coherent-state encoding schemes.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Many-body Quantum Chaos and Entanglement in a Quantum Ratchet
Creators: name: Valdez, Marc Andrew
name: Shchedrin, Gavriil
name: Heimsoth, Martin
name: Creffield, Charles E.
name: Sols, Fernando
name: Carr, Lincoln D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We uncover signatures of quantum chaos in the many-body dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate-based quantum ratchet in a toroidal trap. We propose measures including entanglement, condensate depletion, and spreading over a fixed basis in many-body Hilbert space which quantitatively identify the region in which quantum chaotic many-body dynamics occurs, where random matrix theory is limited or inaccessible. With these tools we show that many-body quantum chaos is neither highly entangled nor delocalized in the Hilbert space, contrary to conventionally expected signatures of quantum chaos.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. 1 table
LD-algebras beyond I0
Creators: name: Dimonte, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The algebra of embeddings at the I3 level has been deeply analyzed, but nothing is known algebra-wise for embeddings above I3. In this paper it is introduced an operation for embeddings at the level of I0 and above, and it is proven that they generate an LD-algebra that can be quite different from the I3 one.
Multi-wavelength study of the luminous GRB 210619B observed with Fermi and ASIM
Creators: name: Caballero-García, M. D.
name: Gupta, Rahul
name: Pandey, S. B.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: Marisaldi, M.
name: Ramsli, A.
name: Hu, Y. -D.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Sánchez-Ramírez, R.
name: Connell, P. H.
name: Christiansen, F.
name: Ror, A. Kumar
name: Aryan, A.
name: Bai, J. -M.
name: Castro-Tirado, M. A.
name: Fan, Y. -F.
name: Fernández-García, E.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Lindanger, A.
name: Mezentsev, A.
name: Navarro-González, J.
name: Neubert, T.
name: Østgaard, N.
name: Pérez-García, I.
name: Reglero, V.
name: Sarria, D.
name: Sun, T. R.
name: Xiong, D. -R.
name: Yang, J.
name: Yang, Y. -H.
name: Zhang, B. -B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on detailed multi-wavelength observations and analysis of the very bright and long GRB 210619B, detected by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) installed on the International Space Station (ISS) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on-board the Fermi mission. Our main goal is to understand the radiation mechanisms and jet composition of GRB 210619B. With a measured redshift of $z$ = 1.937, we find that GRB 210619B falls within the 10 most luminous bursts observed by Fermi so far. The energy-resolved prompt emission light curve of GRB 210619B exhibits an extremely bright hard emission pulse followed by softer/longer emission pulses. The low-energy photon indices ($α_{\rm pt}$) values obtained using the time-resolved spectral analysis of the burst suggest a transition between the thermal (during harder pulse) to non-thermal (during softer pulse) outflow. We examine the correlation between spectral parameters and find that both peak energy and $α_{\rm pt}$ exhibit the flux tracking pattern. The late time broadband photometric dataset can be explained within the framework of the external forward shock model with $ν_m$ $< ν_c$ $< ν_{x}$ (where $ν_m$, $ν_c$, and $ν_{x}$ are the synchrotron peak, cooling-break, and X-ray frequencies, respectively) spectral regime supporting a rarely observed hard electron energy index ($p<$ 2). We find moderate values of host extinction of E(B-V) = 0.14 $\pm$ 0.01 mag for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) extinction law. In addition, we also report late-time optical observations with the 10.4 m GTC placing deep upper limits for the host galaxy ($z$=1.937), favouring a faint, dwarf host for the burst.
description: 24 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Superconductor-Insulator Transition in disordered Josephson junction chains
Creators: name: Bard, M.
name: Protopopov, I. V.
name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Shnirman, A.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition in disordered Josephson junction chains. To this end, we derive the field theory from the lattice model that describes a chain of superconducting islands with a capacitive coupling to the ground ($C_0$) as well as between the islands ($C_1$). We analyze the theory in the short-range ($C_1 \ll C_0$) and in the long-range ($C_1 \gg C_0$) limits. The transition to the insulating state is driven by the proliferation of quantum phase slips. The most important source of disorder originates from trapped charges in the substrate that suppress the coherence of phase slips, thus favoring superconducting correlations. Using the renormalization-group approach, we determine the phase diagram and evaluate the temperature dependence of the dc conductivity and system-size dependence of the resistance around the superconductor-insulator transition. These dependences have in general strongly non-monotonic character, with several distinct regimes reflecting an intricate interplay of superconductivity and disorder.
description: Version published in PRB
Absence of sizable superconductivity in hydrogen boride: A first principles study
Creators: name: Meninno, Antonella
name: Errea, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently synthesized hydrogen boride monolayer in the Cmmm phase is a promising super-conductor due to its similarity to MgB2 and the large hydrogen content in its structure. Making use of first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study its electronic, vibrational,and superconducting properties and conclude that, despite the expectations, hydrogen boride does not have a sizable superconducting critical temperature. The presence of hydrogen in the system alters the boron-boron bonding, weakening the electron-phonon interaction. We have studied the effect of enhancing the critical temperature by doping the system, but the inclusion of electrons or holes reveals ineffective. We attribute the small critical temperature of this system to the vanishing hydrogen character of the states at the Fermi level, which are dominated by boron p states. Our results determine that a large proportion of hydrogen-like states are needed at the Fermi level to attain a large superconducting critical temperature in hydrogenated monolayers.
Health Care in Rural America
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: The more rural a county the poorer its health care services are likely to be. -- Lower income and sparse population make it more difficult for these counties to compete with metropolitan areas. -- High and rapidly rising costs of modern medical equipment and services increase the disadvantage of rural areas. -- Rural counties have about as many general practitioners as metropolitan counties but fewer other professionals.
Searching for strange quark matter objects in exoplanets
Creators: name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Yu, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The true ground state of hadronic matter may be strange quark matter (SQM). Consequently, the observed pulsars may actually be strange quark stars, but not neutron stars. However, proving or disproving the SQM hypothesis still remains to be a difficult problem, due to the similarity between the macroscopical characteristics of strange quark stars and neutron stars. Here we propose a hopeful method to probe the existence of strange quark matter. In the frame work of the SQM hypothesis, strange quark dwarfs and even strange quark planets can also stably exist. Noting that SQM planets will not be tidally disrupted even when they get very close to their host stars due to their extreme compactness, we argue that we could identify SQM planets by searching for very close-in planets among extrasolar planetary systems. Especially, we should keep our eyes on possible pulsar planets with orbital radius less than $\sim 5.6 \times 10^{10}$~cm and period less than $\sim 6100$~s. A thorough search in the currently detected $\sim 2950$ exoplanets around normal main sequence stars has failed to identify any stable close-in objects that meet the SQM criteria, i.e. lying in the tidal disruption region for normal matter planets. However, the pulsar planet PSR J1719-1438B, with an orbital radius of $\sim 6 \times 10^{10}$~cm and orbital period of $7837$~s, is encouragingly found to be a good candidate.
description: New citations added, final version accepted for publication in ApJ, main conclusions unchanged; 5 figures included
An analysis of a butterfly algorithm
Creators: name: Börm, Steffen
name: Börst, Christina
name: Melenk, Jens Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65N35, 65N80, 35J05

description: Butterfly algorithms are an effective multilevel technique to compress discretizations of integral operators with highly oscillatory kernel functions. The particular version of the butterfly algorithm considered here realizes the transfer between levels by Chebyshev interpolation. We present a refinement of the analysis that improves the stability estimates underlying the error bounds.
Localization of electronic states in III-V semiconductor alloys: a comparative study
Creators: name: Pashartis, C.
name: Rubel, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic properties of III-V semiconductor alloys are examined using first principles with the focus on the spatial localization of electronic states. We compare localization at the band edges due to various isovalent impurities in a host GaAs including its impact on the photoluminescence line widths and carrier mobilities. The extremity of localization at the band edges is correlated with the ability of individual elements to change the band gap and the relative band alignment. Additionally, the formation energies of substitutional defects are calculated and linked to challenges associated with the growth and formability of alloys. A spectrally-resolved inverse participation ratio is used to map localization in prospective GaAs-based materials alloyed with B, N, In, Sb, and Bi for 1.55 $μ$m wavelength telecommunication lasers. This analysis is complemented by a band unfolding of the electronic structure and discussion of implications of localization on the optical gain and Auger losses. Correspondence with experimental data on broadening of the photoluminescence spectrum and charge carrier mobilities show that the localization characteristics can serve as a guideline for engineering of semiconductor alloys.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
A Sequence Repetition Node-Based Successive Cancellation List Decoder for 5G Polar Codes: Algorithm and Implementation
Creators: name: Ren, Yuqing
name: Kristensen, Andreas Toftegaard
name: Shen, Yifei
name: Balatsoukas-Stimming, Alexios
name: Zhang, Chuan
name: Burg, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the low-latency and high-reliability requirements of 5G, low-complexity node-based successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding has received considerable attention for use in 5G communications systems. By identifying special constituent codes in the decoding tree and immediately decoding these, node-based SCL decoding provides a significant reduction in decoding latency compared to conventional SCL decoding. However, while there exists many types of nodes, the current node-based SCL decoders are limited by the lack of a more generalized node that can efficiently decode a larger number of different constituent codes to further reduce the decoding time. In this paper, we extend a recent generalized node, the sequence repetition (SR) node to SCL decoding and we describe the first implementation of an SR-List decoder. By merging certain SR-List decoding operations and applying various optimizations for 5G New Radio (NR) polar codes, our optimized SR-List decoding algorithm increases the throughput by almost ${2\times}$ compared to a similar state-of-the-art node-based SCL decoder. We also present our hardware implementation of the optimized SR-List decoding algorithm which supports all 5G NR polar codes. Synthesis results show that our SR-List decoder can achieve a $2.94 \, \mathrm{Gbps}$ throughput and $6.70\, \mathrm{Gbps} / \mathrm{mm}^2$ area efficiency for ${L=8}$.
Dynamic Looping of a Free-Draining Polymer
Creators: name: Ye, Felix X. -F.
name: Stinis, Panos
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the celebrated Wilemski-Fixman (WF) treatment for the looping time of a free-draining polymer. The WF theory introduces a sink term into the Fokker-Planck equation for the $3(N+1)$-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process of the polymer dynamics, which accounts for the appropriate boundary condition due to the formation of a loop. The assumption for WF theory is considerably relaxed. A perturbation method approach is developed that justifies and generalizes the previous results using either a Delta sink or a Heaviside sink. For both types of sinks, we show that under the condition of a small dimensionless $ε$, the ratio of capture radius to the Kuhn length, we are able to systematically produce all known analytical and asymptotic results obtained by other methods. This includes most notably the transition regime between the $N^2$ scaling of Doi, and $N\sqrt{N}/ε$ scaling of Szabo, Schulten, and Schulten. The mathematical issue at play is the non-uniform convergence of $ε\to 0$ and $N\to\infty$, the latter being an inherent part of the theory of a Gaussian polymer. Our analysis yields a novel term in the analytical expression for the looping time with small $ε$, which is previously unknown. Monte Carlo numerical simulations corroborate the analytical findings. The systematic method developed here can be applied to other systems modeled by multi-dimensional Smoluchowski equations.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Role of non-gaussian quantum fluctuations in neutrino entanglement
Creators: name: Lacroix, Denis
name: Balantekin, A. B.
name: Cervia, Michael J.
name: Patwardhan, Amol V.
name: Siwach, Pooja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor evolution of neutrinos in environments with large neutrino number densities is an open problem at the nexus of astrophysics and neutrino flavor physics. Among the many unanswered questions pertaining to this problem, it remains to be determined whether neutrino-neutrino coherent scattering can give rise to nontrivial quantum entanglement among neutrinos, and whether this can affect the flavor evolution in a meaningful way. To gain further insight into this question, here we study a simple system of two interacting neutrino beams, and obtain the exact phase-space explored by this system using the Husimi quasi-probability distribution. We observe that the entanglement induced by the coupling leads to strong delocalization in phase-space with largely non-Gaussian quantum fluctuations. The link between the neutrino entanglement and quantum fluctuations is illustrated using the one- and two-neutrino entropy. In addition, we propose an approximate phase-space method to describe the interacting neutrinos problem, where the exact evolution is replaced by a set of independent mean-field evolutions with a statistical sampling of the initial conditions. The phase-space approach provides a simple and accurate method to describe the gross features of the neutrino entanglement problem. Applications are shown using time-independent and time-dependent Hamiltonians in the non-adiabatic regime.
Perturbation theory of LSS in the $Λ$CDM Universe: exact time evolution and the two-loop power spectrum
Creators: name: Fasiello, Matteo
name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Vlah, Zvonimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact analytic solutions for density and velocity fields to all orders in Eulerian standard perturbation theory for $Λ$CDM cosmology. In particular, we show that density and velocity field kernels can be written in a separable form in time and momenta at each perturbative order. The kernel solutions are built from an analytic basis of momentum operators and their time-dependent coefficients, which solve a set of recursive differential equations. We also provide an exact closed perturbative solution for such coefficients, expanding around the (quasi-)EdS approximation. We find that the perturbative solution rapidly converges towards the numerically obtained solutions and its leading order result suffices for any practical requirements. To illustrate our findings, we compute the exact two-loop dark matter density and velocity power spectra in $Λ$CDM cosmology. We show that the difference between the exact $Λ$CDM and the (quasi-)EdS approximated result can reach the level of several percent (at redshift zero, for wavenumbers $k<1h/$Mpc). This deviation can be partially mitigated by exploiting the degeneracy with the EFT counterterms. As an additional benefit of our algorithm for the solutions of time-dependent coefficients, the computational complexity of power spectra loops in $Λ$CDM is comparable to the EdS case. In performing the two-loop computation, we devise an explicit method to implement the so-called IR cancellations, as well as the cancellations arising as a consequence of mass and momentum conservation.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, code provided in the source file
On the role of geometry in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics I: Geometric perspective
Creators: name: Esen, Ogul
name: Grmela, Miroslav
name: Pavelka, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper contains a fully geometric formulation of the General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC). Although GENERIC, which is the sum of Hamiltonian mechanics and gradient dynamics, is a framework unifying a vast range of models in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, it has unclear geometric structure, due to the diverse geometric origins of Hamiltonian mechanics and gradient dynamics. The difference can be overcome by cotangent lifts of the dynamics, which leads, for instance, to a Hamiltonian form of gradient dynamics. Moreover, the lifted vector fields can be split into their holonomic and vertical representatives, which provides a geometric method of dynamic reduction. The lifted dynamics can be also given physical meaning, here called the rate-GENERIC. Finally, the lifts can be formulated within contact geometry, where the second law of thermodynamics is explicitly contained within the evolution equations.
On the role of geometry in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics II: Thermodynamic perspective
Creators: name: Esen, Ogul
name: Grmela, Miroslav
name: Pavelka, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC) provides structure of mesoscopic multiscale dynamics that guarantees emergence of equilibrium states. Similarly, a lift of the GENERIC structure to iterated cotangent bundles, called a rate GENERIC, guarantees emergence of the vector fields that generate the approach to equilibrium. Moreover, the rate GENERIC structure also extends Onsager's variational principle. The MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) principle in the GENERIC structure becomes the Onsager variational principle in the rate GENERIC structure. In the absence of external forces, the rate entropy is a potential that is closely related to the entropy production. In the presence of external forces when the entropy does not exist, the rate entropy still exists. While the entropy at the conclusion of the GENERIC time evolution gives rise to equilibrium thermodynamics, the rate entropy at the conclusion of the rate GENERIC time evolution gives rise to rate thermodynamics. Both GENERIC and rate GENERIC structures are put into the geometrical framework in the first paper of this series. The rate GENERIC is also shown to be related to Grad's hierarchy analysis of reductions of the Boltzmann equation. Chemical kinetics and kinetic theory provide illustrative examples. We introduce rate GENERIC extensions (and thus also Onsager-variational-principle formulations) of both chemical kinetics and the Boltzmann kinetic theory.
Superconformal invariants and spinning correlators in 3d $\cal{N}=2$ SCFTs
Creators: name: Jain, Aditya
name: Nizami, Amin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct superconformal invariants in superspace which are used to build 3-point correlators of spinning operators in general $\cal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories in three dimensions. Our systematic analysis includes various relations between these invariants and provides a minimal set of parity-even and parity-odd invariants which is further used to construct general 3-point functions in any 3d $\cal{N}=2$ SCFT. For conserved (super)currents, we explicitly compute various 3-point functions using Wick contractions in the free field case, and express them in terms of the constructed parity-even invariants. We give evidence through examples for the claim that the 3-point function of conserved currents generally comprises of two parts - a parity-even piece coming from the free theory, and a parity-odd piece.
description: v3, 27 pages; a few typos corrected and a footnote added; final version published in EPJC (Particles and Fields)
Testing the conservative character of particle simulations: I. Canonical and noncanonical guiding center model in Boozer coordinates
Creators: name: Bierwage, Andreas
name: White, Roscoe B.
name: Matsuyama, Akinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The guiding center (GC) Lagrangian in Boozer coordinates for toroidally confined plasmas can be cast into canonical form by eliminating a term containing the covariant component $B_{Ψ_{\rm P}}$ of the magnetic field vector with respect to the poloidal flux function $Ψ_{\rm P}$. Considering fast ions in the presence of a shear Alfvén wave field with fixed amplitude, fixed frequency and a single toroidal mode number $n$, we show that simulations using the code ORBIT with and without $B_{Ψ_{\rm P}}$ yield practically the same resonant and nonresonant GC orbits. The numerical results are consistent with theoretical analyses (presented in the Appendix), which show that the unabridged GC Lagrangian with $B_{Ψ_{\rm P}}$ retained yields equations of motion that possess two key properties of Hamiltonian flows: (i) phase space conservation, and (ii) energy conservation. As counter-examples, we also show cases where energy conservation (ii) or both conservation laws (i) & (ii) are broken by omitting certain small terms. When testing the conservative character of the simulation code, it is found to be beneficial to apply perturbations that do not resemble normal (eigen)modes of the plasma. The deviations are enhanced and, thus, more easily spotted when one inspects wave-particle interactions using nonnormal modes.
description: 10 pages Main + 6 pages Appendix, 16 figures. Submitted
Initial performance of the GlueX DIRC detector
Creators: name: Ali, A.
name: Barbosa, F.
name: Bessuille, J.
name: Chudakov, E.
name: Dzhygadlo, R.
name: Fanelli, C.
name: Frye, J.
name: Hardin, J.
name: Hurley, A.
name: Ihloff, E.
name: Kalicy, G.
name: Kelsey, J.
name: Li, W. B.
name: Patsyuk, M.
name: Schwiening, J.
name: Shepherd, M.
name: Stevens, J. R.
name: Whitlatch, T.
name: Williams, M.
name: Yang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Laboratory aims to perform quantitative tests of non-perturbative QCD by studying the spectrum of light-quark mesons and baryons. A Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) was installed to enhance the particle identification (PID) capability of the GlueX experiment by providing clean $π$/K separation up to 3.7 GeV/$c$ momentum in the forward region ($θ<11^{\circ}$), which will allow the study of hybrid mesons decaying into kaon final states with significantly higher efficiency and purity. The new PID system is constructed with radiators from the decommissioned BaBar DIRC counter, combined with new compact photon cameras based on the SuperB FDIRC concept. The full system was successfully installed and commissioned with beam during 2019/2020. The initial PID performance of the system was evaluated and compared to one from Geant4 simulation.
description: International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2021, 5 pages
A high-power waveguide resonator second harmonic device with external conversion efficiency up to 75%
Creators: name: Stefszky, M.
name: Ricken, R.
name: Eigner, C.
name: Quiring, V.
name: Herrmann, H.
name: Silberhorn, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a highly efficient waveguide resonator device for the production of 775 nm light using a titanium indiffused LiNbO3waveguide resonator. When scanning the resonance the device produces up to 110 mW of second harmonic power with 140 mW incident on the device - an external conversion efficiency of 75 %. The cavity length is also locked, using a Pound-Drever-Hall type locking scheme, involving feedback to either the cavity temperature or the laser frequency. With laser frequency feedback a stable output power of approximately 28 mW from a 52 mW pump is seen over one hour.
More Large $N$ limits of 3d gauge theories
Creators: name: Anderson, Louise
name: Drukker, Nadav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the large $N$ solution to matrix models describing the partition functions of 3d supersymmetric gauge theories on $S^3$. The model we focus on has a single $U(N)$ gauge group and fundamental fields, whose number scales with $N$, also known as the Veneziano limit. The novel point in our model is our choice of masses for the fundamental fields. Instead of vanishing or fixed masses, we consider a linear distribution. We show that the model can still be solved by standard large $N$ techniques and explore the different phases of the model. We also commend about other natural mass distributions.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. v2: typos corrected
CP-violating effects on gravitational waves in a complex singlet extension of the Standard Model with degenerate scalars
Creators: name: Cho, Gi-Chol
name: Idegawa, Chikako
name: Senaha, Eibun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine CP-violating effects on electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the standard model with a complex singlet scalar focusing particularly on a scenario where additional scalars have masses close to 125 GeV. Such a high mass degeneracy makes collider signatures in the scenario standard model like, and current experimental data cannot distinguish them from the standard model predictions. We utilize a simplified scalar potential to understand impacts of CP violation on EWPT qualitatively. Then, one-loop effective potential with a thermal resummation is employed for full numerical evaluations. As a phenomenological consequence, gravitational waves from the first-order EWPT are also evaluated. We find that the strength of the first-order EWPT would get weaker as the CP-violating effect becomes larger. As a result, gravitational wave amplitudes are diminished by the size of the CP violation. Future gravitational wave experiments may shed light on CP violation in the singlet scalar sector as well as the experimental blind spot due to the high mass degeneracy.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures
Dynamic Response of an Electron Gas: Towards the Exact Exchange-Correlation Kernel
Creators: name: LeBlanc, James P. F.
name: Chen, Kun
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Prokof'ev, Nikolay V.
name: Tupitsyn, Igor S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise calculations of dynamics in the homogeneous electron gas (jellium model) are of fundamental importance for design and characterization of new materials. We introduce a diagrammatic Monte Carlo technique based on algorithmic Matsubara integration that allows us to compute frequency and momentum resolved finite temperature response directly in the real frequency domain using series of connected Feynman diagrams. The data for charge response at moderate electron density are used to extract the frequency dependence of the exchange-correlation kernel at finite momenta and temperature. These results are as important for development of the time-dependent density functional theory for materials dynamics as ground state energies are for the density functional theory.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 5 figures; Supplemental: 2 pages, 4 figures
Inline self-diffraction dispersion-scan of over octave-spanning pulses in the single-cycle regime
Creators: name: Canhota, M.
name: Silva, F.
name: Weigand, R.
name: Crespo, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an implementation of dispersion-scan based on self-diffraction (SD d-scan) and apply it to the measurement of over octave-spanning sub-4-fs pulses. The results are compared with second-harmonic generation (SHG) d-scan. The efficiency of the SD process is derived theoretically and compared with the spectral response retrieved by the d-scan algorithm. The new SD d-scan has a robust inline setup and enables measuring pulses with over-octave spectra, single-cycle durations and wavelength ranges beyond those of SHG crystals, such as the ultraviolet and the deep-ultraviolet.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Low-energy $η$-nucleon interaction studied with $η$ photoproduction off the deuteron
Creators: name: Nakamura, S. X.
name: Kamano, H.
name: Ishikawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a reaction model for $η$ photoproduction off the deuteron ($γd\toηpn$), and study the reaction at a special kinematics, where the photon beam energy is $\sim 0.94$ GeV and the scattered proton is detected at $\sim 0^\circ$, for the purpose of determining the $η$-nucleon scattering length ($a_{ηN}$) and effective range ($r_{ηN}$). In this kinematics, the $η$-nucleon elastic rescattering is significantly enhanced while other background mechanisms being suppressed. We show that a ratio $R$, the $γd\toηpn$ cross section divided by the $γp\toηp$ cross section convoluted with the proton momentum distribution in the deuteron, has a very good resolving power of $a_{ηN}$ and $r_{ηN}$. We conclude that the $R$ data with 5% error, binned in 1 MeV width of the $η$-neutron invariant mass, can determine ${\rm Re}[a_{ηN}]$ (${\rm Re}[r_{ηN}]$) at the precision of $\sim\pm$0.1 fm ($\sim\pm$0.5 fm), significantly narrowing down the previously estimated ranges of the parameters. To arrive at the conclusion, it is essential to use the $γd\toηpn$ reaction model equipped with elementary amplitudes that are well constrained by $πN$ and $γN$ reaction data through a sophisticated coupled-channels analysis. This result strongly motivates the Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH) at Tohoku University to measure $R$.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, published version, 1 figure added, several references added, discussion on the previous works elaborated
Multi-frame blind deconvolution and phase diversity with statistical inclusion of uncorrected high-order modes
Creators: name: Löfdahl, Mats G.
name: Hillberg, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images collected with ground-based telescopes suffer blurring and distortions from turbulence in Earth's atmosphere. Adaptive optics (AO) can only partially compensate for these effects. Neither multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) nor speckle techniques restore AO-compensated images to the correct power spectrum and contrast. MFBD can only compensate for a finite number of low-order aberrations, leaving a tail of uncorrected high-order modes. Speckle restoration of AO-corrected data depends on calibrations of the AO corrections and assumptions regarding the height distribution of atmospheric turbulence. We seek to develop an improvement to MFBD that combines speckle's usage of turbulence statistics to account for high-order modes with the ability of MFBD to sense low-order modes that can be partially corrected by AO and/or include fixed or slowly changing instrumental aberrations. We modify the image-formation model, supplementing the fitted low-order wavefront aberrations with tails of random high-order aberrations. These tails follow Kolmogorov statistics scaled to estimated or measured values of Fried's parameter, r0, that characterize the strength of the seeing at the moment of data collection. We refer to this as statistical diversity (SD). We test MFBD with SD with noise-free synthetic data, simulating many different r0 and numbers of AO-corrected modes. SD improves the contrasts and power spectra of restored images, both in accuracy and in consistency with varying r0, without penalty in processing time. With focus diversity (FD), the results are almost perfect. SD also reduces errors in the fitted wavefront parameters. MFBD with SD and FD seems resistant to several percents of error in r0. Adding SD to MFBD shows great promise for improving contrasts and power spectra in restored images. Further studies with real data are merited.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abstract is abridged
title: Exploring the Relationship Between Place Attachment and Attitudes Toward Tourism Development in Powell County
Creators: name: Vance, Lindsay
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This study explores the relationship between Powell County, Kentucky residents’ place attachment, and the perceived sociocultural, environmental, and financial benefits of the future Warrior’s Path development. A survey consisting primarily of five-point Likert scale questions was shared with several local organizations to distribute to their members. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi-square test of independence tests were used to discover any correlation between place attachment and perceived sociocultural, environmental, and financial benefits of tourism development. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r=.465) determined a moderate positive correlation between place attachment and perceived sociocultural benefits of the Warrior’s Path and tourism development. Of the three Chi-square tests of independence, one test was able to reject the null, allowing us to conclude a relationship between residents’ place attachment and perceived sociocultural benefits of tourism development. Knowing that there is strong evidence to suggest a positive relationship between place attachment and perceived sociocultural benefits of tourism development, tourism developers will be able to predict better how residents will respond to proposed development projects, such as the Warrior’s Path that will be running latitudinally through eastern Kentucky.
description: © 2022 Lindsay Vance
Practical issues in decoy-state quantum key distribution based on the central limit theorem
Creators: name: Trushechkin, A. S.
name: Kiktenko, E. O.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decoy-state quantum key distribution is a standard tool for long-distance quantum communications. An important issue in this field is processing the decoy-state statistics taking into account statistical fluctuations (or "finite-key effects"). In this work, we propose and analyze an option for decoy statistics processing, which is based on the central limit theorem. We discuss such practical issues as an inclusion of the failure probability of the decoy-states statistical estimates in the total failure probability of a QKD protocol and also taking into account the deviations of the binomially distributed random variables used in the estimations from the Gaussian distribution. The results of numerical simulations show that the obtained estimations are quite tight. The proposed technique can be used as a part of post-processing procedures for industrial quantum key distribution systems.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; published version
Unveiling the past evolution of the progenitor of the Helmi streams
Creators: name: Ruiz-Lara, T.
name: Helmi, A.
name: Gallart, C.
name: Surot, F.
name: Cassisi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to determine unique features that characterise the past evolution of the progenitor of the Helmi streams through the analysis of star formation histories (SFHs). From the 5D {\it Gaia} EDR3 dataset, we extracted local samples of stars dominated by the Helmi streams, the Galactic (thick and thin) disc, and the local retrograde halo. We did this by identifying regions in a pseudo-Cartesian velocity space (obtained by setting line-of-sight velocities to zero), where stars belonging to these components, as identified in samples with 6D phase-space information, are predominantly found. We made use of an updated absolute colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) fitting methodology to contrast the SFHs of these samples to unveil distinct signatures of the past evolution of a disrupted accreted system: the Helmi streams. To this end, special attention was given to the correct characterisation of {\it Gaia} completeness effects and observational errors on the CMD. We further investigated alternative sample selections to improve the purity of our 5D Helmi stream catalogues. We find that the progenitor of the Helmi streams experienced an early star formation that was sustained for longer (until 7--9~Gyr ago) than for the Milky Way halo (10--11~Gyr ago). As a consequence, half of its stellar mass was in place $\sim$~0.7~Gyr later. The quenching of star formation in the Helmi stream progenitor $\sim$~8~Gyr ago suggests it was accreted by the Milky Way around this time, in concert with previous estimates based on the dynamics of the streams.
description: 6 pages (+1 in appendix), 4 figures (+1 in appendix), accepted for publication in A&A Letters (version after language edition)