cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electron Densities in the Solar Corona Measured Simultaneously in the Extreme-Ultraviolet and Infra-Red
Creators: name: Dudík, Jaroslav
name: Del Zanna, Giulio
name: Rybák, Ján
name: Lörinčík, Juraj
name: Dzifčáková, Elena
name: Mason, Helen E.
name: Tomczyk, Steven
name: Galloy, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate measurements of electron density are critical for determination of the plasma properties in the solar corona. We compare the electron densities diagnosed from Fe XIII lines observed by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard the Hinode mission with the near infra-red (NIR) measurements provided by the ground-based Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (COMP). To do that, the emissivity-ratio method based on all available observed lines of Fe XIII is used for both EIS and CoMP. The EIS diagnostics is further supplemented by the results from Fe XII lines. We find excellent agreement, within 10%, between the electron densities measured from both EUV and NIR lines. In the five regions selected for detailed analysis, we obtain electron densities of log(Ne [cm-3]) = 8.2-8.6. Where available, the background subtraction has a significant impact on the diagnostics, especially on the NIR lines, where the loop contributes less than a quarter of the intensity measured along the line of sight. For the NIR lines, we find that the line center intensities are not affected by stray light within the instrument, and recommend using these for density diagnostics. The measurements of the Fe XIII NIR lines represent a viable method for density diagnostics using ground-based instrumentation.
description: The Astrophysical Journal, accepted
Landau Level Splitting in Graphene in High Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Jiang, Z.
name: Small, J. P.
name: Purewal, M. S.
name: Tan, Y. -W.
name: Fazlollahi, M.
name: Chudow, J. D.
name: Jaszczak, J. A.
name: Stormer, H. L.
name: Kim, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Hall (QH) effect in two-dimensional (2D) electrons and holes in high quality graphene samples is studied in strong magnetic fields up to 45 T. QH plateaus at filling factors $ν=0,\pm 1,\pm 4$ are discovered at magnetic fields $B>$20 T, indicating the lifting of the four-fold degeneracy of the previously observed QH states at $ν=\pm(|n|+1/2)$, where $n$ is the Landau level index. In particular, the presence of the $ν=0, \pm 1$ QH plateaus indicates that the Landau level at the charge neutral Dirac point splits into four sublevels, lifting sublattice and spin degeneracy. The QH effect at $ν=\pm 4$ is investigated in tilted magnetic field and can be attributed to lifting of the spin-degeneracy of the $n=1$ Landau level.
description: 11 pages including 4 figures, to appear in PRL
Examining climate influences and economic impacts of harmful algal blooms in Massachusetts: 1993 and 2005
Creators: name: Ngo, Nicole
name: Hayden, Mary
name: Kleypas, Joanie
name: Mearns, Linda
name: Patz, Jonathan
name: Pulwarty, Roger
name: Hansen, Jo
name: Holland, Lacey
name: Edwards, Braxton
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental drivers
Commercial fishing

Although the potential causes of harmful algal blooms (HABs), or red tides, have been studied extensively, the relationships between the environmental drivers and economic impacts have not been fully explored. This paper examines the environmental-economic link by investigating similarities in the environmental conditions leading to the 1993 and 2005 HABs (caused by the dinoflagellate Alexandirum spp.) along the Massachusetts coast, and the resulting effects on shellfish, public health, recreation, tourism, and the commercial shellfish industry in Massachusetts. Environmental influences including sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, precipitation, streamflow, and shellfish toxicity levels were examined for the years 1990 to 2005. Economic impacts on commercial fishery landings (Massachusetts mussel commercial fishery landings and Gloucester commercial fishery landings) were assessed for the years1990 to 2003. It should be noted that there were many uncertainties and difficulties in obtaining reliable economic information due to lack of accurate documentation. Toxicity levels were found to have positive relationships to both runoff and wind stress in 1993 and 2005. Coincidentally, there was also a significant decrease in commercial fishery landings between 1992 and 1993, resulting in a decrease of millions of dollars of revenue for shellfish fishermen and the state of Massachusetts. Changing fishery policies affected commercial fishery landings during the same time and were also considered. These results argue for more accurate forecasts that will help predict future HABs, as well as more improved methods to provide more reliable information on the economic impacts of HABs to minimize the negative impacts of future HABs.
Set-up and characterization of a humidity sensor realized in LTCC-technology
Creators: name: Smetana, W.
name: Unger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new type of integrated temperature and humidity sensor applying LTCC-technology has been developed and characterized. In this approach, sensing elements are implemented using heated metal resistors (Pt-elements), where one is exposed to the humid environment that causes the sensor element to cool down with increased humidity, while the other one is sealed from the environment. Sensor design is based on FEA (Finite Element Analyses) where the critical design parameters have been analyzed with regard to the performance characteristic of the device. The set-up of sensor element will be shown and the functional capability will be demonstrated by experimental results.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Particle Acceleration at Multiple Internal Relativistic Shocks
Creators: name: Dempsey, Paul
name: Duffy, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic shocks provide an efficient method for high-energy particle acceleration in many astrophysical sources. Multiple shock systems are even more effective and of importance, for example, in the internal shock model of gamma-ray bursts. We investigate the reacceleration of pre-existing energetic particles at such relativistic internal shocks by the first order Fermi process of pitch angle scattering. We use a well established eigenfunction method to calculate the resulting spectra for infinitely thin shocks. Implications for GRBs and relativistic jets are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. v2: Corrected typos
Examining the processes occurring in thunderstorms that affect soluble, reactive species (chemical reservoir species)
Creators: name: Orozco, Marco
name: Barth, Mary
name: Barnes, Timothy
name: Lefer, Barry
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005

Because many natural occurring chemical reactions can produce compounds that cause health problems as well as affect global climate, it is important to study the processes that affect the chemical compounds in the atmosphere. One major gap in our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry is the effect of clouds on the chemical environment. A recent intercomparison of convective-scale cloud chemistry models has shown that transport of passive tracers from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere in deep convection is simulated consistently among models, while reactive, soluble species are not. Three chemical species of interest are nitric acid (HNO₃), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and formaldehyde (CH₂O) because they are important chemical reservoir species for both NOx and HOx (precursors for ozone) and because they are reactive and soluble in clouds. In this study, we examine possible reasons for the differences in HNO₃, H₂O₂, and CH₂O mixing ratios among the convective-scale cloud chemistry models. By adding a source of NO to represent its production from lightning, by increasing photolysis rate coefficients to account for increased light scatter by the clouds, and by adding adsorption of different chemical species by ice, we are able to understand the importance of each of these processes to HNO₃, H₂O₂, and CH₂O mixing ratios. Preliminary results suggest that lightning plays a key role in HNO₃ production, whereas ice adsorption is an important sink for each of the chemical reservoir species. Lastly increased photolysis rates affect only the production of CH₂O.
Transport regimes in surface disordered graphene sheets
Creators: name: Louis, E.
name: Verges, J. A.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Chiappe, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the size scaling of the conductance of surface disordered graphene sheets of width W and length L. Metallic leads are attached to the sample ends across its width. At E ~ 0, the conductance scales with the system size as follows: i) For constant W/L, it remains constant as size is increased, at a value which depends almost lineally on that ratio; this scaling allows the definition of a conductivity value that results similar to the experimental one. ii) For fixed width, the conductance decreases exponentially with length L, both for ordered and disordered samples. Disorder reduces the exponential decay, leading to a higher conductance. iii) For constant length, conductance increases linearly with width W, a result that is exclusively due to the tails of the states of the metallic wide contact. iv) The average conductance does not show an appreciable dependence on magnetic field. Away from E = 0, the conductance shows the behavior expected in two-dimensional systems with surface disorder, i.e., ballistic transport.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, RevTex
Synthetic dual-Doppler analysis of 11 June 2003 MCV during BAMEX
Creators: name: Reynolds, Amber
name: Davis, Christopher
name: Laing, Arlene
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Precipitation
Radar observations

Mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs), which form within the stratiform rain of some mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), may persist for days, often regenerating convection daily. Long-lived MCVs can produce as much precipitation as a landfalling hurricane and lead to catastrophic flooding. The theoretical kinematics, or three-dimensional wind structure, of MCVs have rarely been validated using radar observations. A synthetic dual-Doppler analysis was applied to WSR-88D radar data to determine the three-dimensional wind structure of the 11 June 2003 MCV observed during The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment (BAMEX). Three SDD analyses were performed and the results compared with four wind profilers. Although it appears that a SDD analysis can work to determine the 3D wind structure of an MCV, a comparison of wind profiler data with the three SDD analyses performed for this investigation suggested that the time span between volumes was too large to assume that significant changes in the wind field did not occur.
Micromachined Polycrystalline Sige-Based Thermopiles for Micropower Generation on Human Body
Creators: name: Wang, Z.
name: Leonov, V.
name: Fiorini, P.
name: Van Hoof, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a polycrystalline silicon germanium (poly-SiGe) thermopile specially designed for thermoelectric generators used on human body. Both the design of the single thermocouple and the arrangement of the thermocouple array have been described. A rim structure has been introduced in order to increase the temperature difference across the thermocouple junctions. The modeling of the thermocouple and the thermopile has been performed analytically and numerically. An output power of about 1 $μ$W at an output voltage of more than 1 V is expected from the current design of thermopiles in a watch-size generator. The key material properties of the poly-SiGe have been measured. The thermopile has been fabricated and tested. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantage of the rim structure in increasing output voltage. In presence of forced convection, the output voltage of a non-released thermopile can increase from about 53 mV/K/cm2 to about 130 mV/K/cm2 after the rim structure is formed. A larger output voltage from the thermopile is expected upon process completion.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Collective pinning of imperfect vortex lattices by material line defects in extreme type-II superconductors
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J. P.
name: Maley, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical current density shown by a superconductor at the extreme type-II limit is predicted to follow an inverse square-root power law with external magnetic field if the vortex lattice is weakly pinned by material line defects. It acquires an additional inverse dependence with thickness along the line direction once pinning of the interstitial vortex lines by material point defects is included. Moderate quantitative agreement with the critical current density shown by second-generation wires of high-temperature superconductors in kG magnetic fields is achieved at liquid-nitrogen temperature.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. To appear in Physical Review B
Thermal Hall effect from two-dimensional Schwinger-boson gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction: application to ferromagnets with in-plane Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Park, Sungjoon
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, uncovering the sources of thermal Hall effect in insulators has become an important issue. In the case of ferromagnetic insulators, it is well known that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction can induce magnon thermal Hall effect. Specifically, the DM vector parallel to the magnetization direction induces complex magnon hopping amplitudes, so that magnons act as if they feel Lorentz force. However, the DM vector which is orthogonal to the magnetization direction has hitherto been neglected as a possible source of magnon thermal Hall effect. This is because they play no role in the linear spin wave theory, an often invoked approximation when computing the magnon thermal Hall effect. Here, we challenge this expectation by presenting the self-consistent Schwinger-boson mean field study of two-dimensional magnets with ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction and in-plane DM interaction. We find that the relevant Schwinger-boson mean field Hamiltonian takes the form of two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction, which is known to show anomalous Hall effect, spin Hall effect, and Rashba-Edelstein effect, whose thermal counterparts also appear in our system. Importantly, the thermal Hall effect can be induced when out-of-plane magnetic field is applied, and persists even when the magnetic field is large, so that the spins are significantly polarized, and the linear spin wave theory is expected to be a reasonable approximation. Since the linear spin wave theory predicts vanishing thermal Hall effect, our result implies that linear spin wave is not a sufficient approximation, and that magnon-magnon interaction must be taken into account to predict the correct thermal Hall conductivity.
description: 5+2 pages, 4 figures
FairGridSearch: A Framework to Compare Fairness-Enhancing Models
Creators: name: Ma, Shih-Chi
name: Ermakova, Tatiana
name: Fabian, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning models are increasingly used in critical decision-making applications. However, these models are susceptible to replicating or even amplifying bias present in real-world data. While there are various bias mitigation methods and base estimators in the literature, selecting the optimal model for a specific application remains challenging.
 This paper focuses on binary classification and proposes FairGridSearch, a novel framework for comparing fairness-enhancing models. FairGridSearch enables experimentation with different model parameter combinations and recommends the best one. The study applies FairGridSearch to three popular datasets (Adult, COMPAS, and German Credit) and analyzes the impacts of metric selection, base estimator choice, and classification threshold on model fairness.
 The results highlight the significance of selecting appropriate accuracy and fairness metrics for model evaluation. Additionally, different base estimators and classification threshold values affect the effectiveness of bias mitigation methods and fairness stability respectively, but the effects are not consistent across all datasets. Based on these findings, future research on fairness in machine learning should consider a broader range of factors when building fair models, going beyond bias mitigation methods alone.
Silicon microneedles array with biodegradable tips for transdermal drug delivery
Creators: name: Chen, B.
name: Wei, J.
name: Tay, Francis
name: Wong, Y. T.
name: Iliescu, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the fabrication process, characterization results and basic functionality of silicon microneedles array with biodegradable tips. In order to avoid the main problems related to silicon microneedles : broking of the top part of the needles inside the skin, a simple solution can be fabrication of microneedles array with biodegradable tips. The silicon microneedles array was fabricated by using reactive ion etching while the biodegradable tips were performed using and anodization process that generates selectively porous silicon only on the top part of the skin. The paper presents also the results of in vitro release of calcein using microneedles array with biodegradable tips
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Effectiveness of Technology-Based Homework
Creators: name: Babcock, Robert Dean
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: homework
subject: technology effectiveness
subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: This study examined the impact of technology-based homework on student performance. A
comparison was made using two classes of world history students; one with traditional paper and
pencil homework assignments and another using technology. The purpose of this study was to
examine the effect of technology-based homework on student achievement as measured by
classroom exams. The null-hypothesis was that there would be no significant increase in student
achievement on classroom exams because of the use of technology- based homework. Through
a convenience sampling of fifty-four tenth-grade honors world history students were chosen for
this study; twenty-eight in the control and twenty-six in the experimental groups. The study was
done the second semester of the 2013-2014 academic school year in Baltimore County Public
Schools. Using an independent t-test to examine performances of both groups on the final exam
demonstrated a rejection of the null-hypothesis with a significant difference in scores [t(50)=-
2.091. p
Characterization of dust storms sources in southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico using remote sensing imagery
Creators: name: Rivera Rivera, Nancy
name: Hand, Jennifer
name: Wade, Nancy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Magnitude
Dust plumes

Extreme aerosol events, such as dust storms, can produce large quantities of dust and haze dispersed over regional or global-scales. Remote Sensing data (ground-based and satellite) can be used to assess the frequency and magnitude of these dust events for potential impacts on climate, visibility and health-related air quality issues. Some of these remote sensing data revealed that the area of the Chihuahuan desert is one of the major dust sources in North America. We examine different visible and infrared spectral bands from satellite data (NOAA/GOES/GVAR/Imager, NOAA/POES/-AVHRR and NASA/TERRA/MODIS) to locate the origin of dust plumes in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, a region that currently is not well characterized with respect to dust sources. We superimpose the dust source locations on Lansat-7 images to identify the surface features associated with these dust sources. This methodology is applied to several dust events, including the dust outbreaks of 15 April 2003 and 15 December 2003, both associated with long-distance aerosol transport, to determine whether these surface features are persistent sources of dust in this region. These findings establish a baseline for continued research in determining potential locations for future dust outbreaks in the southwestern U. S. and northwestern Mexico.
On the Rozansky-Witten weight systems
Creators: name: Roberts, Justin
name: Willerton, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Ideas of Rozansky and Witten, as developed by Kapranov, show that a complex symplectic manifold X gives rise to Vassiliev weight systems. In this paper we study these weight systems by using D(X), the derived category of coherent sheaves on X. The main idea (stated here a little imprecisely) is that D(X) is the category of modules over the shifted tangent sheaf, which is a Lie algebra object in D(X); the weight systems then arise from this Lie algebra in a standard way. The other main results are a description of the symmetric algebra, universal enveloping algebra, and Duflo isomorphism in this context, and the fact that a slight modification of D(X) has the structure of a braided ribbon category, which gives another way to look at the associated invariants of links. Our original motivation for this work was to try to gain insight into the Jacobi diagram algebras used in Vassiliev theory by looking at them in a new light, but there are other potential applications, in particular to the rigorous construction of the (1+1+1)-dimensional Rozansky-Witten TQFT, and to hyperkaehler geometry.
Your Data Body
Creators: Oliver, Marilène
Smallwood, Scott
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Abstract (from author, in quotation marks):

This paper delves into the aesthetics and ethics surrounding the collaborative virtual reality artwork, Your Data Body. Made using medical scan data as a metaphor for our ever-expanding bodies of intimate personal data, Your Data Body seeks to challenge how we interact with the data of others, questioning the etymology of the word data, meaning “given” and questioning whether in many cases, data is rather “taken”. Using the gaming device of moving through progressive scenes, users first encounter open-access anonymized scan data and later donated data given with active and ongoing consent of the subject. Each scene situates the medical scan data within LiDAR scans, is accompanied by poetic elements, and has a complex sonic composition that combines field recordings, choral composition and data sonification as a way to situate the data geographically, temporally and emotionally.
Early onset periodontitis associated with Kindler syndrome
Creators: name: Wiebe, Colin Boyd
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Kindler syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder with features of epidermolysis bullosa and poikiloderma congenitale. Approximately 70 cases have been documented in the past 50 years but oral findings have only been superficially mentioned. The aims of this study were to 1) accurately document oral findings with an emphasis on the periodontal condition, 2) examine the components of the basement membrane zone in search of the pathobiological defect(s) responsible for the clinical findings, and 3) determine the effectiveness of periodontal treatment and other dental treatment for a patient with Kindler syndrome. A female 16-year-old patient with a history of prepubertal periodontal disease and loss of permanent molars and incisors in the mandible presented with localized, early onset periodontal disease, severe gingival bleeding, and gingival fragility. The basement membrane zone of normal gingiva and that with the characteristic vesiculobullous lesions were examined using immunofluorescence microscopy to bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2, collagen types IV and VII, laminins -1 and -5, integrins a3j31, orv/36, and a6/34. Biopsies studied revealed blistering with trauma at the level of lamina lucida on distribution of type TV collagen and laminin-1 at the blister floor. In the non-inflamed tissue, discontinuous areas of the basement membrane zone were found. Distribution of basement membrane zone components and integrins studied appeared normal except for type VTI collagen which was found in abnormal locations deep in the connective tissue stroma and integrin av/36 which was unexpectedly present in localized areas of the epithelium. Our results suggest that Kindler syndrome is associated with abnormalities in the construction of the basement membrane, especially in the expression of type VII collagen. These alterations are likely to play a role as etiological factors leading to a weakened resistance at the tooth-periodontal tissue interface. Oral polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts and elastase levels were high suggesting normal leukocyte function. The patient responded well to nonsurgical periodontal therapy with reduced probing depths, bleeding on probing, mobility and dental pain. Successful dental treatment involving orthodontics and fixed and removable prosthodontics was carried out demonstrating that complex oral therapy can be performed in Kindler syndrome patients regardless of the systemic condition.
2003 Motor Carrier Survey
Creators: name: Langley, Ronald E.
name: Gossardt, Ted
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The goal of this study was to conduct a survey to evaluate usage and satisfaction with the KYTC’s new program allowing motor carriers to credential vehicles and pay taxes via the Internet. Specifically, the study was to examine how many Kentucky motor carriers took advantage of this capability, why they did or did not, what improvements could be made to the system, and what incentives could be offered or obstacles removed to entice more motor carriers to use it.
Grammatical elicitation: Verbal paradigms
Creators: name: Palacio, Frank
name: Björklund, Anna
name: Dabkowski, Maksymilian
name: Elias, Alexander
name: López Márquez, Wendy
name: Michael, Lev
name: Montaño Ramírez, Tzintia
name: Robertson, Allegra
name: Robinson, Dakota
name: Wellstood, Zachary
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cab

description: Basic tense-aspect-modality (habitual, progressive, past) and person alternations.
G0.173-0.42: an X-ray and radio magnetized filament near the galactic center
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Wardle, M.
name: Heinke, C.
name: Arendt, R.
name: Royster, M.
name: Heywood, I.
name: Cotton, W.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Michail, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of an X-ray filament associated with the radio filament G0.173-0.42 adds to four other nonthermal radio filaments with X-ray counterparts, amongst the more than 100 elongated radio structures that have been identified as synchrotron-emitting radio filaments in the inner couple of degrees of the Galactic center. The synchrotron mechanism has also been proposed to explain the emission from X-ray filaments. However, the origin of radio filaments and the acceleration sites of energetic particles to produce synchrotron emission in radio and X-rays remain mysterious. Using MeerKAT, VLA, Chandra, WISE and Spitzer, we present structural details of G0.173-0.42 which consists of multiple radio filaments, one of which has an X-ray counterpart. A faint oblique radio filament crosses the radio and X-ray filaments. Based on the morphology, brightening of radio and X-ray intensities, and radio spectral index variation, we argue that a physical interaction is taking place between two magnetized filaments. We consider that the reconnection of the magnetic field lines at the interaction site leads to the acceleration of particles to GeV energies. We also argue against the synchrotron mechanism for the X-ray emission due to the short $\sim$30 year lifetime of TeV relativistic particles. Instead, we propose that the inverse Compton scattering mechanism is more likely to explain the X-ray emission by upscattering of seed photons emitted from a 10^6 solar luminosity star located at the northern tip of the X-ray filament.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, in press (MNRAS)
Colour-colour diagrams and extragalactic globular cluster ages. Systematic uncertainties using the (V-K)-(V-I) diagram
Creators: name: Salaris, Maurizio
name: Cassisi, Santi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We investigate biases in cluster ages and [Fe/H] estimated from the (V-K)-(V-I) diagram, arising from inconsistent Horizontal Branch morphology, metal mixture, treatment of core convection between observed clusters and the theoretical colour grid employed for age and metallicity determinations. We also study the role played by statistical fluctuations of the observed colours, caused by the low total mass of typical globulars. Horizontal Branch morphology is potentially the largest source of uncertainty. A single-age system harbouring a large fraction of clusters with an HB morphology systematically bluer than the one accounted for in the theoretical colour grid, can simulate a bimodal population with an age difference as large as 8 Gyr. When only the redder clusters are considered, this uncertainty is almost negligible, unless there is an extreme mass loss along the Red Giant Branch phase. The metal mixture affects mainly the redder clusters; the effect of colour fluctuations becomes negligible for the redder clusters, or when the integrated Mv is brighter than -8.5 mag. The treatment of core convection is relevant for ages below ~4 Gyr. The retrieved [Fe/H] distributions are overall only mildly affected. Colour fluctuations and convective core extension have the largest effect. When 1sigma photometric errors reach 0.10 mag, all biases found in our analysis are erased, and bimodal age populations with age differences of up to ~8 Gyr go undetected. The use of both (U-I)-(V-K) and (V-I)-(V-K) diagrams may help disclosing the presence of blue HB stars unaccounted for in the theoretical colour calibration.
description: 20 pages, including 26 figures. A&A in press
Lower tropospheric analysis of the daily cycle of the wind for the east coast of the Gulf of California during NAME 2004
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Manzanet, Luna
name: Hartten, Leslie
name: Cassano, John
name: Cross, Susan
name: Rivera Rivera, Nancy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Troposphere
Coastal plains
Monsoon
Convective precipitation
Wind profilers

The daily cycle of the wind in the lower troposphere is not well known over the Gulf of California and the western coastal plains of Mexico. During the North American Monsoon (NAM) it is thought to be associated with the daily cycle of convective precipitation in this region. For this research project half-hourly lower tropospheric winds from three wind profilers were analyzed. These wind profilers were deployed along the coastal plain of Mexico during the Enhanced Observation Period (EOP) of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME 2004). The data from the wind profilers were used to document and understand the daily cycle profile of the winds during the monsoon. Mean profiles and mean daily cycles were computed at Puerto Peñasco (31.34°N, 113.51°W), Bahía Kino (28.81°N, 111.93°W), and Los Mochis (25.69°N, 109.08°W) over the first half of the 2004 NAM. The mean profiles show shallow southerly winds backing to easterlies; the southerlies deepen with latitude. The mean daily cycles show land/sea breezes at the most southern sites and a low level jet at the northern site. The directional constancy of these features is high. These results give an initial look into the structure of the winds in the lower atmosphere in this area and their variability along the Gulf of California, which have not been previously documented. This work has raised additional questions about the wind flow in this region that may facilitate future research of the NAM and will be useful for the improvement of models forecasting this phenomenon.
The assessment of sand dune mobility from 1980 through 2004 on the Moenkopi Plateau of the Navajo Nation
Creators: name: Thornbrugh, Casey
name: Hzia-Redsteer, Margaret
name: Stevermer, Amy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Indigenous communities
Future climate
Droughts
Precipitation

This research is motivated by concerns about how climate change is affecting Indigenous communities across the globe. Many residents of the Navajo Nation on the southern Colorado Plateau are concerned that the future climate of the region will be warmer and drier than observed in the 20th Century. Droughts during the late 1980s through 2004 over this region have resulted in the decrease of many native plant species and an increase in sand dune mobility causing social harm, including damage to infrastructure and the loss of agricultural productivity. Effectively mitigating sand dune mobility requires understanding the annual and seasonal climate variability, which can affect sand dune development. A climatic sand dune mobility index using wind energy and effective precipitation was calculated to assess seasonal, annual, and decadal trends of potential sand dune mobility over the Moenkopi Plateau on the Navajo Nation from 1980 to 2004. The results demonstrated a large variation in seasonal and annual potential sand dune mobility. For the period from 1980 to 2004, an increasing trend in potential sand dune mobility was observed and appears correlated with a trend of decreasing effective precipitation. These results have provided a better understanding of the climatic conditions over the last 25 years over the Moenkopi Plateau, and show how these conditions relate to increased sand dune mobility. This work shows that the index can be used for other areas on the Navajo Nation, to identify locations at risk and help in planning efforts to mitigate effects from climate change.
Ly Alpha Emitters at z=5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field
Creators: name: Shimasaku, K.
name: Kashikawa, N.
name: Doi, M.
name: Ly, C.
name: Malkan, M. A.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Ouchi, M.
name: Hayashino, T.
name: Iye, M.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Murayama, T.
name: Nagao, T.
name: Ohta, K.
name: Okamura, S.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Shioya, Y.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the properties of Ly Alpha emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field. A photometric sample of 89 LAE candidates is constructed from narrow-band (NB816) data down to NB816 = 26.0 (AB) in a continuous 725 arcmin^2 area. Spectra of 39 objects satisfying the photometric selection criteria for LAEs were obtained with Subaru and Keck II Telescopes, among which 28 were confirmed LAEs, one was a nearby galaxy, and eight were unclassified. We also obtained spectra of another 24 NB816-excess objects in the field, identifying six additional LAEs. We find that the Ly Alpha luminosity function derived from the photometric sample is reproduced well by a Schechter function with L* = (7.9+3.0-2.2) x 10^42 erg/s and phi* = (6.3+3.0-2.0) x 10^-4 Mpc^-3 for alpha = -1.5 (fixed) over the whole luminosity range of L ~= 3x10^42 - 3x10^43 erg/s. We then measure rest-frame Ly Alpha equivalent widths (EWs) for the confirmed LAEs, to find that the median among the 28 objects satisfying the photometric selection criteria is W_0^i = 233 A. We infer that 30% - 40% of LAEs at z=5.7 exceed W_0^i = 240 A. These large-EW objects probably cannot be accounted for by ordinary star-forming populations with a Salpeter IMF. We also find that LAEs with fainter far-UV luminosities have larger EWs. Finally, we derive the far-UV luminosity function of LAEs down to M_UV ~= -19.6 using the photometric sample, and compare it with that of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). We find that as high as about 80% of LBGs at z ~ 6 have W_0^i >= 100 A, in sharp contrast to lower-z counterparts.
description: 23 pages, 20 figs, accepted for PASJ, a high resolution version of Figs.7,8 is available at http://hikari.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~shima/z57LAE/
Assessing the impact of climate factors on dengue outbreaks in Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Wang, Julien
name: Hayden, Mary
name: Mearns, Linda
name: Kleypas, Joanie
name: Patz, Jonathan
name: Pulwarty, Roger
name: Abshire, Wendy
name: Foster, Susan
name: Harper, Bret
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2005
Subjects: Dengue fever
Mortality
Medical treatment
Caribbean
Mosquito
Regression tree

Dengue fever affects 50 - 100 million people worldwide, with symptoms ranging from unaffected to a 50% mortality rate. Unfortunately, no specific medical treatment or vaccine is available. Dengue is transmitted in the Caribbean primarily through a mosquito vector called Aedes aegypti. Past studies have found that climate factors such as higher temperatures and increased precipitation affect the lifecycle and habitat of these mosquitoes. Likewise, changes in the Aedes lifecycle cause changes in dengue transmissions. Therefore, a thorough analysis of those climate factors would aid in understanding dengue transmissions. This study focused on how air temperature, humidity, precipitation, and sea-surface temperature (SST) affected the dengue epidemics of 1994 and 1998. Each climate factor was correlated with dengue outbreaks on a weekly basis. Precipitation, air temperature, and humidity showed weak relationships with dengue outbreaks. SST, however, showed an exponential relationship. A good exponential model was found for 1994, but was not appropriate for 1998. Instead, a regression tree was used to analyze 1998 SST and air temperature thresholds. The thresholds were around 27 - 30?C, which agreed with past studies. Qualitative analyses of tropical storm systems showed that storms did not have a strong impact on dengue transmissions. In general, the results demonstrated that except for SST, climate factors did not have a large effect on dengue transmissions, rather key social factors could be at play. Thus, for dengue prevention, the public health infrastructures should focus more on social problems and less on climate factors.
The effects of differential rotation on 1-2 solar mass stars
Creators: name: Cameron, Marques
name: Metcalfe, Travis
name: Macgregor, Keith
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2008

To fully understand the nature of stars we must first know their internal structure. If this were known we could better understand how and why stars, more importantly our sun behave the way they do. The internal structure and the internal distribution of angular momentum of our sun are known. There are two conservative rotation laws used to express the angular velocity as a function of the perpendicular distance from the equatorial plane. None of this information is available for stars using one of the conservative rotation laws. This rotation law concentrates the angular momentum in the outer portions of the star and has not been tested for stars with low masses. The problem is using a new Self Consistent Field (SCF) Method to analyze stars within one to two solar masses and to determine if differential rotation effects the internal structure. The SCF method is a two-step iterative process used to produce models describing the internal structure of rotating stars. The SCF method is ran using one-dimensional functions for temperature and pressure distributions. For both 1 and 2 solar mass stars deep interior properties; temperature, pressure, and density were not sensitive to change. The convective envelope deepened as angular momentum increases. This will cause a rise in lithium destruction in the interior of stars including our sun. As lithium is one of the elements used to make up planets that surround stars.
Modeling wildfire behavior and analyzing emissions
Creators: name: Cameron, Marques
name: Coen, Janice
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2009
Subjects: atmospheric prediction model
fire spread model
atmosphere

The new atmospheric prediction model, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model version 3.1 (WRF) coupled with the empirical fire spread model was used to model wildfire behavior and analyze emissions. Modeling wildfires includes calculating the spread rate and where a fire will propagate based on environmental conditions. The spread rate and direction of propagation play a key role in fire suppression efforts. The products and emissions of wildfires contribute to the weather and the air quality. WRF-Fire is a two-way coupling module. While providing feedback to the fire, directing where it travels and controlling the spread rate, the fire module provides feedback to the atmosphere. Using the fire module WRF-Fire to analyze the emissions from a standard model (the control). The fuel moisture, wind speed, fuel loading, and fuel category were changed and the emissions were compared. We found that heat flux is directly proportional to fuel moisture level and fuel loading. Fire spread rate is directly proportional to the wind speed. Using a new fire module we were able to reproduce the shape of naturally occurring fires and relate how they depend on environmental conditions. The results gained from this research can be used as verification data for future models.
2-D Analysis of Enhancement of Analytes Adsorption Due to Flow Stirring by Electrothermal Force in The Microcantilever Sensor
Creators: name: Wu, M. C.
name: Chang, J. S.
name: Yang, C. -K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ac electrokinetic flows are commonly used for manipulating micron-scale particles in a biosensor system. At the solid-liquid state there are two kinds of processes in the reaction between analytes and ligands: the mass transport process and the chemical reaction process. The mass transport process is related to convection and diffusion. Total or partial limit of mass transport would retard the diffusion from the bulk fluid to the interface of reaction. This effect decreases the possibility of adsorption of analyte and ligand because the chemical reaction is faster than the diffusion. In order to solve this problem, we apply an ac electric field to induce a vortex field by the electrothermal effect, which helps in increasing the rate of diffusion. By using the finite element analysis software, COMSOL Multiphysics, we optimized several parameters of the microelectrode structures and the position of the reacting surface, i.e. the microcantilever, by a simplified 2-D model and a 3-D model. It is successful in accelerating the reacting rate of the molecule which is limited by mass transport. The factor of the efficiency is about 1.429 when the operating voltage is 15 Vrms peak-to-peak. In addition, the surface concentration of the complex on the microcantilever has been simulated.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Impacts of climate change on the summer rainfall of the southern Rocky Mountains
Creators: name: Céspedes, Roque
name: Holland, Gregory
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2008
Subjects: global warming
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

In an attempt to better understand how summer rainfall in the Southern Rocky Mountains region may be changing due to Global Warming, simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM) for summer 1970 and summer 2020 were compared and contrasted. The NRCM is unique in that it combines the global climate simulation capabilities of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) with the regional forecasting capabilities of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in an attempt provide more accurate high-resolution regional climate simulations. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenario A2 (“business as usual” emissions) was used for these NRCM runs. For this study, the NRCM was run at a horizontal resolution of 36 km. The model predicts increased summer rainfall totals in summer 2020 when compared to summer 1970. Average NRCM summer temperature was found to be lower in 2020, probably as a result of increased rainfall and more mid-afternoon convective clouds. Surface elevation was found to definitely have an effect on both the simulated rainfall and surface temperature. Overall, higher elevations experienced fewer changes in both summer accumulated rainfall and average surface temperature. Due to the limited data set currently available from the NRCM, longer time periods need to be compared, as more NRCM simulation data becomes available, in order to determine if what is observed here is a climate change trend, or the result of natural inter-annual variability.