cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-Sided Transparent Display as a Collaborative Medium
Creators: name: Li, Jiannan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Computer-Supported Co-Operative Work
subject: transparent display

description: Transparent displays are ‘see-through’ screens: a person can simultaneously view both the graphics on the screen and real-world content visible through the screen. Interactive transparent displays can serve as an important medium supporting face-to-face collaboration, where people interact with both sides of the display and work together. Such displays enhance workspace awareness, which smooths collaboration: when a person is working on one side of a transparent display, the person on the other side can see the other's hand gestures, gaze, and what s/he is currently manipulating on the shared screen. Even so, we argue that in order to provide effective support for collaboration, designing such transparent displays must go beyond current offerings. We propose using two-sided transparent displays, which can present different content on both sides. The displays should also accept interactive input on both sides and visually augment users’ actions when display transparency is reduced. We operationalized these design requirements with our two-sided transparent display prototype, FACINGBOARD-II, and devised a palette of supportive interaction techniques. Through empirical studies, we found that the workspace awareness provided by transparent displays is compromised with degrading display transparency, and that visually enhancing user actions can compensate for this awareness loss.
Constraints on Superfluid Hydrodynamics from Equilibrium Partition Functions
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Sayantani
name: Jain, Sachin
name: Minwalla, Shiraz
name: Sharma, Tarun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following up on recent work in the context of ordinary fluids, we study the equilibrium partition function of a 3+1 dimensional superfluid on an arbitrary stationary background spacetime, and with arbitrary stationary background gauge fields, in the long wavelength expansion. We argue that this partition function is generated by a 3 dimensional Euclidean effective action for the massless Goldstone field. We parameterize the general form of this action at first order in the derivative expansion. We demonstrate that the constitutive relations of relativistic superfluid hydrodynamics are significantly constrained by the requirement of consistency with such an effective action. At first order in the derivative expansion we demonstrate that the resultant constraints on constitutive relations coincide precisely with the equalities between hydrodynamical transport coefficients recently derived from the second law of thermodynamics.
description: 46 pages
Predicting Fixation Tendencies of the H3N2 Influenza Virus by Free Energy Calculation
Creators: name: Pan, Keyao
name: Deem, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Influenza virus evolves to escape from immune system antibodies that bind to it. We used free energy calculations with Einstein crystals as reference states to calculate the difference of antibody binding free energy ($ΔΔG$) induced by amino acid substitution at each position in epitope B of the H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin, the key target for antibody. A substitution with positive $ΔΔG$ value decreases the antibody binding constant. On average an uncharged to charged amino acid substitution generates the highest $ΔΔG$ values. Also on average, substitutions between small amino acids generate $ΔΔG$ values near to zero. The 21 sites in epitope B have varying expected free energy differences for a random substitution. Historical amino acid substitutions in epitope B for the A/Aichi/2/1968 strain of influenza A show that most fixed and temporarily circulating substitutions generate positive $ΔΔG$ values. We propose that the observed pattern of H3N2 virus evolution is affected by the free energy landscape, the mapping from the free energy landscape to virus fitness landscape, and random genetic drift of the virus. Monte Carlo simulations of virus evolution are presented to support this view.
description: 5 tables and 4 figures
High-performance designs for fiber-pigtailed quantum-light sources based on quantum dots in electrically-controlled circular Bragg gratings
Creators: name: Rickert, Lucas
name: Betz, Fridtjof
name: Plock, Matthias
name: Burger, Sven
name: Heindel, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical investigation of directly fiber-coupled hybrid circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) featuring electrical control for operation in the application relevant wavelength regimes around 930 nm as well as the telecom O- and C-band. We use a surrogate model combined with a Bayesian optimization approach to perform numerical optimization of the device performance which takes into account robustness with respect to fabrication tolerances. The proposed high-performance designs combine hCBGs with a dielectric planarization and a transparent contact material, enabling >86% direct fiber coupling efficiency (up to >93% efficiency into NA 0.8) while exhibiting Purcell Factors >20. Especially the proposed designs for the telecom range prove robust and can sustain expected fiber efficiencies of more than $(82.2\pm4.1)^{+2.2}_{-5.5}$% and expected average Purcell Factors of up to $(23.2\pm2.3)^{+3.2}_{-3.0}$ assuming conservative fabrication accuracies. The wavelength of maximum Purcell enhancement proves to be the most affected performance parameter by the deviations. Finally, we show that electrical field strengths suitable for Stark-tuning of an embedded quantum dot can be reached in the identified designs.
description: Main text including Method section, (15 pages, 5 figures, and 50 references). The data sets and used code in this work is available on Zenodo (see reference in the main text)
On Hilbert covariants
Creators: name: Abdesselam, Abdelmalek
name: Chipalkatti, Jaydeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 13A50

description: Let F denote a binary form of order d over the complex numbers. If r is a divisor of d, then the Hilbert covariant H_{r,d}(F) vanishes exactly when F is the perfect power of an order r form. In geometric terms, the coefficients of H give defining equations for the image variety X of an embedding P^r->P^d. In this paper we describe a new construction of the Hilbert covariant; and simultaneously situate it into a wider class of covariants called the Göttingen covariants, all of which vanish on X. We prove that the ideal generated by the coefficients of H defines X as a scheme. Finally, we exhibit a generalisation of the Göttingen covariants to n-ary forms using the classical Clebsch transfer principle.
description: 27 pages
Information Operations in Afghanistan from 2001-2012
Creators: name: Stephenson, Mercedes
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Military Studies
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Political Science--International Law and Relations
subject: information operations
subject: Afghanistan
subject: Counterinsurgency
subject: Taliban

description: This thesis describes and analyses Taliban and coalition information operations related to the Afghanistan war between the years 2001 and 2012. Academic literature is reviewed and analyzed, as well as coalition and Taliban information products. The thesis examines the nature of counterinsurgency and information operations in an evolving media environment. The messages, mediums used to deliver information products, strategy, posture, organization, and media engagement of both combatants are analyzed to evaluate their contribution to the combatants’ respective influence and political goals. This thesis finds that the Taliban had a superior understanding of the target audiences, developed messages with greater resonance, and delivered them more effectively than the coalition was able to do. It also contends that the Taliban’s strategy, organization and capacity for information operations allowed it to out maneuver the coalition on the information battleground. This thesis finds that the Taliban was able to conduct more effective and influential information operations than the coalition.
Nesting behavior of the oil-collecting bee Epicharis (Triepicharis) analis Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: An aggregation of the oil-collecting bee Epicharis (Triepicharis) analis Lepeletier was studied at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The nesting area occupied 609 m2 of mostly sandy flat soil. The nest architecture was relatively simple, with a main tunnel of approximately 45 cm in depth with two to five lateral tunnels ending in a single brood cell. The entrance remained open, but not always directly exposed. Adult activity lasted approximately 75 days. The females dug the tunnels, constructed the brood cells, collected provisions and laid the eggs in about three days. Diapause occurred in the postdefecating larval stage, and there was no cocoon. The cleptoparasitic apid bees Rhathymus unicolor (Smith) and Mesoplia rufipes (Perty) were registered attacking the nests. Nest architecture and the morphology of the brood cells are described and illustrated.
Ultrasonic control of terahertz radiation via lattice anharmonicity in LiNbO3
Creators: name: Poolman, R. H.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
name: Ivanov, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel tunable terahertz (THz) filter using the resonant acousto-optic (RAO) effect. We present a design based on a transverse optical (TO) phonon mediated interaction between a coherent acoustic wave and the THz field in LiNbO3. We predict a continuously tunable range of the filter up to 4 THz via the variation of the acoustic frequency between 0.1 and 1 GHz. The RAO effect in this case is due to cubic and quartic anharmonicities between TO phonons and the acoustic field. The effect of the interference between the anharmonicities is also discussed.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Development and application of an integrative genomics approach to lung cancer
Creators: name: Chari, Rajagopal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate amongst all diagnosed malignancies with adenocarcinoma (AC) being the most commonly diagnosed subtype of this disease in North America. The dismal survival statistics of lung cancer patients are largely due to the detection of the disease at an advanced stage and to a lesser extent, the limited efficacy of current front line treatments. Genomic approaches, namely gene expression analysis, have provided tremendous insight into lung cancer. While many gene expression changes have been identified, most changes are likely reactive to changes which have a primary role in cancer development. Moreover, one feature which can discern primary from reactive changes is the presence of concordant DNA level alteration. Many well known genes involved in cancer such as TP53 and CDKN2A have been shown to be affected by multiple mechanisms of alteration such as somatic mutation in or loss of DNA sequence. For a given gene, one tumor may be affected by one mechanism while another tumor may be affected by a different mechanism. Although this level of multi-dimensional analysis has been performed for specific genes, such analysis has not been done at the genome-wide level. This thesis highlights the development and application of a multi-dimensional genetic and epigenetic approach to identify frequently aberrant genes and pathways in lung AC. I present, first, the design and implementation of the system for integrative genomic multi-dimensional analysis of cancer genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes (SIGMA²). Next, analyzing a multi-dimensional dataset generated from ten lung AC specimens with non-malignant controls, I identified novel genes and pathways that would have been missed if a non-integrative approach were used. Finally, examining genes involved with EGFR signaling, I identified a gene, signal receptor protein alpha (SIRPA), which had not been previously shown to be associated with lung cancer. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the power of a multi-dimensional approach to identify important genes and pathways in lung cancer. Moreover, identifying key genes using a multi-dimensional approach on a small sample set suggests the need of large datasets may be circumvented by using a more comprehensive approach on a smaller set of samples.
An Ontology-Based Method for Semantic Integration of Business Components
Creators: name: Elasri, Hicham
name: Sekkaki, Abderrahim
name: Kzaz, Larbi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building new business information systems from reusable components is today an approach widely adopted and used. Using this approach in analysis and design phases presents a great interest and requires the use of a particular class of components called Business Components (BC). Business Components are today developed by several manufacturers and are available in many repositories. However, reusing and integrating them in a new Information System requires detection and resolution of semantic conflicts. Moreover, most of integration and semantic conflict resolution systems rely on ontology alignment methods based on domain ontology. This work is positioned at the intersection of two research areas: Integration of reusable Business Components and alignment of ontologies for semantic conflict resolution. Our contribution concerns both the proposal of a BC integration solution based on ontologies alignment and a method for enriching the domain ontology used as a support for alignment.
description: IEEE New Technologies of Distributed Systems (NOTERE), 2011 11th Annual International Conference; ISSN: 2162-1896 Print ISBN: 978-1-4577-0729-2 INSPEC Accession Number: 12122775 2011
Financial and economic analysis of SmartCHP: an innovative biomass-based cogeneration installation
Creators: name: Saccomano, Julie
name: Vafeas, Athanase
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CHP
cogeneration
bioenergy

description: This report was developed in the context of the SmartCHP project, funded by the European Commission. It aims at summarising the findings of the "Final financial and economic analysis" of the project in a short and impactful manner.
Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Nurse Engagement in Comfort Rounds
Creators: name: Virk, Navjot
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Nurse
subject: engagement
subject: comfort rounds
subject: quality improvement

description: Background. Nurses have an opportunity to improve services and enhance patient care. The purpose of this research is to highlight the missing voice of the frontline nurses and their experience in implementing a quality improvement (QI) initiative called comfort rounds. Comfort rounds are an Elder-Friendly QI initiative that involves purposive rounding conducted at regular intervals on patient care units. Objectives. 1) To understand the experiences of nurses that participated in comfort rounds. 2) To describe the facilitators and barriers to the participation of nurses in the introduction of comfort rounds. Methods. A single case study design, using multiple data sources, was used to explore and collect detailed descriptions of comfort round implementation on an acute medical unit. Findings. Frontline staff can help identify barriers and facilitators for comfort rounds. Engaging frontline nurses throughout the entire QI initiative process (i.e. from planning stages to sustainability) is essential for implementing practice change.
Layer-dependent optically-induced spin polarization in InSe
Creators: name: Nelson, Jovan
name: Stanev, Teodor K.
name: Lebedev, Dmitry
name: LaMountain, Trevor
name: Gish, J. Tyler
name: Zeng, Hongfei
name: Shin, Hyeondeok
name: Heinonen, Olle
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Hersam, Mark C.
name: Stern, Nathaniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical control of spin in semiconductors has been pioneered using nanostructures of III-V and II-VI semiconductors, but the emergence of two-dimensional van der Waals materials offers an alternative low-dimensional platform for spintronic phenomena. Indium selenide (InSe), a group-III monochalcogenide van der Waals material, has shown promise for opto-electronics due to its high electron mobility, tunable direct bandgap, and quantum transport. There are predictions of spin-dependent optical selection rules suggesting potential for all-optical excitation and control of spin in a two-dimensional layered material. Despite these predictions, layer-dependent optical spin phenomena in InSe have yet to be explored. Here, we present measurements of layer-dependent optical spin dynamics in few-layer and bulk InSe. Polarized photoluminescence reveals layer-dependent optical orientation of spin, thereby demonstrating the optical selection rules in few-layer InSe. Spin dynamics are also studied in many-layer InSe using time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy. By applying out-of-plane and in-plane static magnetic fields for polarized emission measurements and Kerr measurements, respectively, the $g$-factor for InSe was extracted. Further investigations are done by calculating precession values using a $\textbf{k} \cdot \textbf{p}$ model, which is supported by \textit{ab-initio} density functional theory. Comparison of predicted precession rates with experimental measurements highlights the importance of excitonic effects in InSe for understanding spin dynamics. Optical orientation of spin is an important prerequisite for opto-spintronic phenomena and devices, and these first demonstrations of layer-dependent optical excitation of spins in InSe lay the foundation for combining layer-dependent spin properties with advantageous electronic properties found in this material.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, supplemental material
Neural-Adaptive Control of a Biological Wastewater Treatment Process
Creators: name: Mirghasemi, Seyedhossein
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: nonlinear control, neural-newtwork control, neural-adaptive control, Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer, activated sludge process

description: In a mixed liquor biological wastewater treatment process, it is very important to control the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. In this research work a robust control strategy is developed to maintain a DO set point in aerated bioreactors. The nonlinearities in the system are considered unknown and are modeled by an adaptive neural network. The neural network utilized is the Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer (CMAC). The weight update method tested in this thesis prevents weight drift and associated bursting, without sacrificing performance. The controller is tested on two models of an activated sludge process. The first one is a simple model with four state variables. The second simulation model is based on the benchmark simulation model number 1 (BMS1) for wastewater treatment plants, in which the activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) is considered to model the biological process. It uses real influent data files. The proposed controller outperforms the default PI controller that is tuned for dissolved oxygen control in the BSM1.
Observation of noise phase locking in a single-frequency VECSEL
Creators: name: Amili, A. El
name: Pal, V.
name: Goldfarb, F.
name: Ghosh, R.
name: Alouini, M.
name: Sagnes, I.
name: Bretenaker, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental observation of phase locking effects in the intensity noise spectrum of a semiconductor laser. These noise correlations are created in the medium by coherent carrier-population oscillations induced by the beatnote between the lasing and non-lasing modes of the laser. This phase locking leads to a modification of the intensity noise profile at around the cavity free-spectral-range value. The noise correlations are evidenced by varying the relative phase shift between the laser mode and the non-lasing adjacent side modes.
Out of Africa: novel source of small hive beetles infesting Eastern and Western honey bee colonies in China
Creators: name: Yuanzhen Liu
name: Wensu Han
name: Jinglin Gao
name: Songkun Su
name: Beaurepaire, Alexis
name: Yañez, Orlando
name: Neumann, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Small hive beetles (SHB, Aethina tumida Murray, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) are parasites of social bee colonies endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and have become an invasive species. Even though the global spread of SHB seems inevitable, the origin of novel introductions and their impact on new host populations need to be investigated to foster mitigation. Here, we report a case of SHBs from China and use COI gene sequencing to trace their origin. Since July 2018, beetle infestations of Eastern (Apis cerana) and Western (Apis mellifera) honey bee colonies with clinical symptoms were repeatedly reported from two Chinese provinces. These infestations apparently had a severe impact on A. cerana. Using morphometrics, genetics and clinical symptoms in the field, the beetles were confirmed to be A. tumida. The DNA sequences suggest an introduction from a yet unidentified African source similar to the Philippines, but very different to any other previously reported SHB haplotypes. The establishment of SHB in China underlines the need to limit novel introductions. Given that Eastern honey bees and possibly other Apis spp. are susceptible to SHB infestations, our findings highlight the need for adequate protection measures of endemic Asian honey bees.
From the Body Image to the Body Schema, From the Proximal to the Distal
Creators: name: Kim, Jin Hyun
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: action/passion
subject: corporeality
subject: body image
subject: body schema
subject: embodiment
subject: existential feelings
subject: instrumental musical skills
subject: proximal/distal
subject: 780 Musik

description: A recent paradigm shift in music research has allowed scholars to examine the macro- and micro-processes taking place within musical performance and underlying cognitive processes. Tying in with phenomenological theories of embodied perception and cognition, this paper focuses on bodily musical activity relevant to the acquisition of instrumental musical skills – the process of learning music. Dynamic interaction with musical instruments, accompanied by the interplay of action and passion, involves body image and body schema, whose status oscillates in different phases of the acquisition of instrumental musical skills; this interaction allows humans to direct attention from their bodily states – the proximal – to the quality of musical sounds and a unity of musical experience – the distal. It is thus argued that shaping music by means of playing a musical instrument can be conceived of as an embodied process, of understanding the forms of one’s own experience as related to the musical world that is created by one’s bodily activity.
A Measurement of the ATLAS Di-Muon Trigger Efficiency in Proton-Proton Collision at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
Creators: name: Picazio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The B physics programme of the ATLAS experiment includes measurements of production cross sections, searches for rare B-decay signatures which are sensitive to new physics at the TeV energy scale and studies of CP violation effects in B-events, such as $B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow J/ψϕ$ and $B_{d}^{0}\rightarrow J/ψK_{s}^{0}$. The key to the detection of these B signals in ATLAS is to achieve a high trigger efficiency for low-$p_{T}$ di-muon events, whilst keeping an acceptable trigger rate. ATLAS developed two separate approaches for triggering on di-muon events from resonances such as $J/ψ$ and Upsilon ($Υ$). The first approach is to start from a di-muon trigger selected at Level-1 while the second is based on dedicated Level-2 algorithms. The performance for these triggers has been studied using collision data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV collected in 2011.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 3 pages, 6 figure
title: Der Fetisch „muslimische Frau“
title: Okzidentale Diskurse unter der Lupe
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Zohdi, Helena
name: Cebi, Büsra
name: Schulz, Carolin
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Eurozentrismus
subject: Islam
subject: Diskurs
subject: Feminismus
subject: Rassismus
subject: Kritik
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: Kulturalisierung
subject: Fetisch
subject: Neokolonialismus
subject: Okzidentalismus

description: Diskurse rund um den Islam und Muslim*innen sind sowohl in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als auch in anderen „westlichen“ Gesellschaften durch Okzidentalismus geprägt. Hierdurch werden als muslimisch gelesene Frauen, und besonders kopftuchtragende Frauen, zum Maßstab für den Unterschied zwischen einer angeblichen „Wertegemeinschaft“ Europas und dem „muslimischen Anderen“. Dabei dient die Dichotomisierung zwischen der angeblich unterdrückten, handlungsunfähigen Muslima dem Zweck, ein weißes feministisches Selbstbild als befreit, emanzipiert und handlungsmächtig zu stilisieren. Durch eine Fiktion der „freien Wahl“ wird die Konstituierung des Subjekts innerhalb von Machtverhältnissen ausgeblendet. Des Weiteren, halten eine „Sexualisierung des Rassismus“ sowie eine „Rassifizierung des Sexismus“ nicht nur die koloniale Imagination des angeblich „gefährlichen“ nicht-weißen Mannes aufrecht, sondern materiell ebenso repressive Grenzregime. Eine zentrale Funktion okzidentaler Diskurse über „die“ muslimische Andere ist die durch den Femonationalismus legitimierte, kapitalistische Ausbeutung von überwiegend als muslimisch gelesenen, weiblichen Migrant*innen im Care-Sektor. Dieses Paper bietet eine wichtige Kritik vorherrschender okzidentaler Diskurse und gibt Impulse diese hegemoniale Wissensproduktion entscheidend herauszufordern.
Testing Koopmans spectral functionals on the analytically-solvable Hooke's atom
Creators: name: Schubert, Yannick
name: Marzari, Nicola
name: Linscott, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Koopmans spectral functionals are a class of orbital-density-dependent functionals designed to accurately predict spectroscopic properties. They do so markedly better than their Kohn-Sham density-functional theory counterparts, as demonstrated in earlier works on benchmarks of molecules and bulk systems. This work is a complementary study where -- instead of comparing against real, many-electron systems -- we test Koopmans spectral functionals on Hooke's atom, a toy two-electron system that has analytical solutions for particular strengths of its harmonic confining potential. As these calculations clearly illustrate, Koopmans spectral functionals do an excellent job of describing Hooke's atom across a range of confining potential strengths. This work also provides broader insight into the features and capabilities of Koopmans spectral functionals more generally.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet tau Bootis b
Creators: name: Brogi, M.
name: Snellen, I. A. G.
name: de Kok, R. J.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Birkby, J.
name: de Mooij, E. J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The giant planet orbiting tau Bootis was among the first extrasolar planets to be discovered through the reflex motion of its host star. It is one of the brightest known and most nearby planets with an orbital period of just a few days. Over the course of more than a decade, measurements of its orbital inclination have been announced and refuted, and have subsequently remained elusive until now. Here we report on the detection of carbon monoxide absorption in the thermal day-side spectrum of tau Bootis b. At a spectral resolution of R~100,000, we trace the change in the radial velocity of the planet over a large range in phase, determining an orbital inclination of i=44.5+-1.5 degrees and a true planet mass of 5.95+-0.28 MJup. This result extends atmospheric characterisation to non-transiting planets. The strong absorption signal points to an atmosphere with a temperature that is decreasing towards higher altitudes. This is a stark contrast to the temperature inversion invoked for other highly irradiated planets, and supports models in which the absorbing compounds believed to cause such atmospheric inversions are destroyed by the ultraviolet emission from the active host star.
description: To appear in the June 28 issue of Nature: main article + supplementary information
Effect of traditional and online educational interventions on nutrition knowledge acquisition and retention in pediatric residents
Creators: name: Silverman, Jason
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Nutrition
subject: Medical Education
subject: Nutrition
subject: Pediatrics

description: Nutrition education for medical trainees is inadequate despite nutrition’s importance in health and disease. Results showed that Canadian pediatric residency programs offered limited formal nutrition instruction. Online learning may bypass identified barriers to increasing formal nutrition instruction by allowing learning to take place on a learner’s schedule, and in the absence of local expert faculty. Therefore we aimed to compare the effect of online and traditional nutrition instruction amongst pediatric residents. Participants had inadequate nutrition knowledge on baseline objective testing and subjective self-report. Following the educational intervention, both online and in-person groups demonstrated significant increases in nutrition knowledge compared to baseline that was conserved after two months. No significant difference was found between intervention groups. The results show that a focussed time-limited educational intervention can lead to significant nutrition knowledge acquisition and retention, and that online learning may provide a reasonable curricular option for postgraduate training programs.
Interplay of the charged Higgs effects in $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$, $b\to s \ell^+\ell^-$ and $W$-mass
Creators: name: Kumar, Girish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current data on semileptonic charged- and neutral-current $B$ decays show deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model. It is well known that a charged Higgs boson, belonging to the two-Higgs doublet model without $Z_2$ symmetry, offers one of the simplest solution to the charged-current $B$ decays. We show that this solution naturally induces a negative shift of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ in the Wilson coefficient ($C_{9\ell}$) of operator $(\bar s_Lγ_μb_L)(\bar \ellγ^μ\ell)$, potentially resolving the tension in neutral-current $B$ decays as well. Interestingly, the lepton universality ratios in $b\to s \ell^+\ell^-$ decays, in tune with the recent LHCb result, remain SM-like. Precision constraints from neutral $B$ and $K$ meson mixing, decays $B_c\to τ\barν$, $B\to X_sγ$, and leptonic decays of $τ$ and $Z$ can be satisfied. Furthermore, a positive shift in $W$-boson mass, nicely in agreement with the CDF measurement, is also possible, requiring the neutral scalars to be heavier than the charged Higgs but within the sub-TeV region.
description: 11 pages, 2 captioned figures, extended discussion in sec III.A and IV, and added an appendix; matches published version
Neutrophil Responses to Mixed-Species Anaerobic Biofilms
Creators: name: Lockhart, Joey Scott
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Neutrophil
subject: Biofilm
subject: Anaerobe
subject: Oxidative Burst

description: Biofilms composed of anaerobic bacteria often result in persistent infections and chronic inflammation. Host immune cells have difficulties in clearing biofilm-related infections and this can result in unnecessary tissue damage due to the overproduction of proinflammatory mediators. The objective of this project was to generate mixed-species anaerobic biofilms composed of two opportunistic pathogens, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii and measure neutrophil responses. Neutrophils are a vital component of the innate immune system and the results show that neutrophils exposed to mixed-species planktonic bacteria exhibit a more extensive oxidative response than neutrophils exposed to biofilms composed of the same bacteria. The limited neutrophil response to biofilm bacteria may explain the reduced ability of the innate immune system to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. The results demonstrate that bacterial lipopolysaccharide plays a significant role in the stimulation of neutrophils, however the evidence points to the presence of other stimulatory molecules in the bacterial media.
Family history of psychosis, social risk factors and the psychosis risk syndrome
Creators: name: Stowkowy, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mental Health
subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Psychobiology
subject: Psychosis
subject: Family Risk
subject: Clinical High Risk
subject: Risk Factors

description: The goal of this thesis was to determine whether individuals with a family history of psychosis who met established criteria for being at risk of developing a psychotic disorder, i.e. met criteria for a psychosis risk syndrome (FHR-COPS), differed in terms of social risk factors from individuals with a family history of psychosis who did not meet criteria for a psychosis risk syndrome (FHR-Non). Results were that FHR-COPS individuals began smoking cannabis at an earlier age, had a lower IQ, and evidenced more anxiety, increased negative schemas about the self and poorer functioning. Onset of cannabis use at an earlier age was the one significant factor that determined belonging to the FHR-COPS group. These preliminary results are promising in determining potential risk factors for the development of psychosis in those who are already at risk for psychosis on the basis of a family history.
Post-common-envelope binaries from SDSS. XI: The white dwarf mass distributions of CVs and pre-CVs
Creators: name: Zorotovic, M.
name: Schreiber, M. R.
name: Gänsicke, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have known for a long time that many of the measured white dwarf (WD) masses in cataclysmic variables (CVs) significantly exceed the mean mass of single WDs. This was thought to be related to observational biases, but recent high-precision measurements of WD masses in a great number of CVs are challenging this interpretation. We review the measured WD masses of CVs, determine the WD-mass distribution of an extensive sample of post-common-envelope binaries (PCEBs) that are representative for the progenitors of the current CV population (pre-CVs) and compare both distributions. We calculate the CV formation time of the PCEBs in our sample by determining the post common-envelope (CE) and the main-sequence evolution of the binary systems and define a pre-CV to be a PCEB that evolves into a semi-detached configuration with stable mass transfer within less than the age of the Galaxy. Possible observational biases affecting the WD-mass distribution for the pre-CV and the CV samples are discussed. The mean WD mass among CVs is =0.83\pm0.23 Msun, much larger than that found for pre-CVs, =0.67\pm0.21 Msun. Selection effects cannot explain the high WD masses observed in CVs and we here suggest two possible explanations, both of which imply substantial revisions to the standard model of CV evolution: either most CVs have formed above the orbital-period gap (which requires a high WD mass to initiate stable mass transfer or a previous phase of thermal-timescale mass transfer), or the mass of the WDs in CVs grows through accretion (which strongly disagrees with the predictions of classical nova models). Both options may imply that CVs contribute to the single-degenerate progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. The number of He-core WDs found in CVs (<=10%) is roughly consistent with the number of He-core WDs in pre-CVs (<=17+-8%), which indicates a low value of the CE efficiency.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 9 figures
Role of fluctuations in membrane models: thermal versus non-thermal
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Amit K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the comparative importance of thermal to non-thermal fluctuations for membrane-based models in the linear regime. Our results, both in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions, suggest that non-thermal fluctuations dominate thermal ones only when the relaxation time $τ$ is large. For moderate to small values of $τ$, the dynamics is defined by a competition between these two forces. The results are expected to act as a quantitative benchmark for biological modelling in systems involving cytoskeletal and other non-thermal fluctuations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Control of Microbial Sulfide Production with Nitrate and Biocide in Oilfield-Simulating Bioreators
Creators: name: Xue, Yuan (Fiona)
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sulfate-reducing bacteria
subject: Nitrate
subject: Biocide
subject: bioreactors
subject: Synergy

description: Souring, the production of sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil fields, can be remediated by nitrate injection. However, continuous amendment of sulfate-containing injection water with nitrate leads to microbial zonation. The combination of nitrate and biocide that may break this zonation and control souring more effectively was investigated here using bioreactors injected with excess volatile fatty acids and 2 mM sulfate or 2 mM sulfate and 2 mM nitrate. Biocide was pulsed with long duration (5 days) at low concentrations or short duration (1 h) at high concentrations. The success of these strategies was determined by the time needed for sulfide recovery. The results indicated that pulsed biocide can be synergistic with continuous nitrate. However, it depends on the type of biocide, its concentration, and the length of the pulse. Hence, pulsed biocide can improve souring control with continuous nitrate injections, if the appropriate product and injection strategy are chosen.
A World Full of Privacy and Security (Mis)conceptions? Findings of a Representative Survey in 12 Countries
Creators: name: Herbert, Franziska
name: Becker, Steffen
name: Schaewitz, Leonie
name: Hielscher, Jonas
name: Kowalewski, Marvin
name: Sasse, M. Angela
name: Acar, Yasemin
name: Dürmuth, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Misconceptions about digital security and privacy topics in the general public frequently lead to insecure behavior. However, little is known about the prevalence and extent of such misconceptions in a global context. In this work, we present the results of the first large-scale survey of a global population on misconceptions: We conducted an online survey with n = 12, 351 participants in 12 countries on four continents. By investigating influencing factors of misconceptions around eight common security and privacy topics (including E2EE, Wi-Fi, VPN, and malware), we find the country of residence to be the strongest estimate for holding misconceptions. We also identify differences between non-Western and Western countries, demonstrating the need for region-specific research on user security knowledge, perceptions, and behavior. While we did not observe many outright misconceptions, we did identify a lack of understanding and uncertainty about several fundamental privacy and security topics.
The transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in a North American urban landscape
Creators: name: Liccioli, Stefano
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Parasitology
subject: Public Health
subject: Echinococcus multilocularis
subject: coyote
subject: urban landscape
subject: transmission ecology

description: The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is a trophically-transmitted parasite that is typically maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild canid definitive hosts and small mammal intermediate hosts. As etiological agent of Alveolar Echinococcosis in humans, the cestode is currently the third most impacting food-borne parasite globally. Understanding E. multilocularis transmission ecology, combined with reliable diagnostic and surveillance of parasite infection in wild hosts, is crucial for disease prevention and risk management. In Calgary, Canada, E. multilocularis was found to infect 29.5% (n = 61) of road-killed urban coyotes (Canis latrans) collected in 2009-2010. For the detection of E. multilocularis eggs in coyote feces, sugar fecal flotation showed lower sensitivity than the ZnCl2 centrifugation and sedimentation protocol (0.46 vs. 0.75). The latter technique is therefore recommended for screening of canid hosts. This study provided the first evidence of an urban sylvatic cycle of E. multilocularis in North America. Parasite prevalence in coyote feces was shown to vary temporally (10.5-43.5%) and spatially (5.3-61.5%) across five city parks, and infection of small mammal intermediate hosts was documented in three competent species (prevalence ranging between 0.7 and 1.4%). Genotyping coyote feces (n = 142) at 4-6 microsatellite loci allowed to correct for repeated sampling of individuals, and to estimate an overall parasite prevalence of 25.0%. Importantly, individual patterns of infection (i.e., parasite egg intensity in feces) allowed to observe temporal variations in parasite transmission that were not detected when examining fecal samples of unknown identity. By looking at the recovery of parasite eggs in genotyped feces over time, a re-infection rate of 57% (n =7) was estimated for coyotes in an area of parasite hyper-endemicity. Winter was a crucial period for E. multilocularis transmission, as the encounter rate of coyote with the parasite (number of infected hosts ingested) was higher than any other season (95% CI: 1.0-22.4). Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus and Myodes gapperi) were consumed by coyotes proportionally more than their availability, and likely played a key role for the maintenance of the urban sylvatic life-cycle of E. multilocularis in this urban landscape.
JUSTNORTH EU Integrated Arctic Policy Analysis Report and Recommendations. Key Challenge 8: Indigenous Peoples and Arctic Governance
Creators: name: JUSTNORTH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Arctic economies, Economic development, Sustainable development, Values

description: Key Recommendations:
(R1) Foster pathways towards Indigenous self-determination and political empowerment within the nation-states they live in
(R2) Promote and increase Indigenous meaningful participation in the EU decision-making and policy formulation processes that may affect them
(R3) Establish permanent structures for EU consultation and engagement with Arctic Indigenous peoples to facilitate effective communication
(R4) Promote financial and knowledge contributions to Indigenous participation in Arctic and international institutions