cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field evolution in galaxies interacting with the intracluster medium. 3D numerical simulations
Creators: name: Otmianowska-Mazur, K.
name: Vollmer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fully three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model is applied to simulate the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field in cluster galaxies interacting with the intra-cluster medium (ICM). As the model input we use a time dependent gas velocity field resulting from 3D N-body sticky-particle simulations of a galaxy. The modeled clouds are affected by the ram pressure due to their rapid motion through the ICM in the central part of a cluster. Numerical simulations have shown that after the initial compression phase due to ram pressure a process of gas re-accretion onto the galactic disk takes place. We find that the gas re-accretion leads to an increase of the total magnetic energy without any dynamo action. The simulated magnetic fields are used to construct the model maps of high-frequency (Faraday rotation-free) polarized radio emission. We show that the evolution of the polarized intensity shows features that are characteristic for different evolutionary stages of an ICM-ISM interaction. The comparison of polarized radio continuum emission maps with our model permits to determine whether the galaxy is in the compression or in the re-accretion phase. It also provides an important constraint upon the dynamical modeling of an ICM-ISM interactions.
description: 12 pages with 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Analytical solution of a one-dimensional Ising model with zero temperature dynamics
Creators: name: Prados, A.
name: Brey, J. Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional Ising model with nearest neighbour interactions and the zero-temperature dynamics recently considered by Lefevre and Dean -J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. {\bf 34}, L213 (2001)- is investigated. By introducing a particle-hole description, in which the holes are associated to the domain walls of the Ising model, an analytical solution is obtained. The result for the asymptotic energy agrees with that found in the mean field approximation.
description: 6 pages, no figures; accepted in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. (Letter to the Editor)
Direct Numerical Simulation of Rotating Ellipsoidal Particles using Moving Nonconforming Schwarz-Spectral Element Method
Creators: name: Mittal, Ketan
name: Dutta, Som
name: Fischer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present application of a highly-scalable overlapping grid-based nonconforming Schwarz-spectral element method (Schwarz-SEM) to study the dynamics of rotating ellipsoidal particles. The current study is one of the first to explore the effect of rotation on ellipsoidal particles using fully resolved simulations (direct numerical simulation). The rotating ellipsoidal particles show substantial difference in the dynamics of the flow, when compared against non-rotating particles. The difference is primarily due to periodic attachment and separation of the flow to the surface of the particle for the rotating cases, which results in a higher drag on the particles when compared to the corresponding non-rotating cases. The dynamics is also different from a rotating spherical particle, where a steady shear layer develops near the surface of the sphere. For the rotating ellipsoidal particles, this mechanism results in a phase-difference between the position of observed maximum and minimum drag, and the position of expected maximum and minimum drag (i.e., maximum and minimum projected area). A similar phase-difference is also observed for the lift acting on the rotating ellipsoidal particles. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of explicitly modeling the shape and rotation of particles when we study the dynamics of non-spherical particles. Finally, the study also validates the use of non-conforming Schwarz-SEM for tackling problems in fully resolved particulate flow dynamics.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Computers & Fluids for special issue for North American High Order Methods Conference
Additional file 7 of The degree of astrocyte activation is predictive of the incubation time to prion disease
Creators: name: Makarava, Natallia
name: Mychko, Olga
name: Chang, Jennifer Chen-Yu
name: Molesworth, Kara
name: Baskakov, Ilia V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7.: Figure S1. GFAP in normal and infected brains. (a) GFAP immunoreactivity in cortex, hippocampus and thalamus of normal mice and of mice inoculated i.p. with 22L or SSLOW. Scale bar 100 μm. (b) Normalized GFAP counts detected by NanoString in cortex, hippocampus and thalamus of normal mice and of mice inoculated i.p. with 22L or SSLOW (n = 3). Figure S2. Linear regression for the combined GSA scores in four brain regions. Inverse correlations between the combined GSA scores and the time to terminal prion disease in cortex (Ctx), hippocampus (Hp), thalamus (Th) and hypothalamus (HTh) of i.p. and i.c. sample groups. Figure S3. DEGs in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection gene sets in four prion strains. (a) Log2 fold changes in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection gene sets in thalamus of male mice i.c.-inoculated with ME7, 22L, RML, or SSLOW (n=3; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). (b) Correlation between undirected global significance scores of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection gene sets calculated for thalamus of female and male groups inoculated via i.p. and i.c. routes.Figure S4. DEGs in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection gene sets in four brain regions. Log2 fold changes in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection gene sets in cortex (Ctx), hippocampus (Hp), thalamus (Th) and hypothalamus (HTh) of female mice i.c.-inoculated with SSLOW (n=3; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).
Imbalanced Randomization in Vaccine Clinical Safety Trials
Creators: name: Patterson, Scott
name: Bailleux, Fabrice
name: Chen, Josh
name: Zhu, Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Clinical safety and immunogenicity data in vaccines are commonly dichotomized into responder and nonresponder binary data. This article expands upon Fagerland, Lyndersen, and Laake to further study Newcombe’s hybrid score and Fisher’s conditional exact test using imbalanced randomization in vaccine clinical studies. The intent of this article is to study a potential statistical issue in clinical study design and analysis; hence, no reference to any particular product is made.
Unveiling the Gravitational Universe at μ-Hz Frequencies
Creators: name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Korsakova, Natalia
name: Sedda, Manuel Arca
name: Baibhav, Vishal
name: Barausse, Enrico
name: Barke, Simon
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Bonetti, Matteo
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Caprini, Chiara
name: Garcia-Bellido, Juan
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Jani, Karan
name: Jennrich, Oliver
name: Johansson, Peter
name: Khan, Fazeel Mahmood
name: Korol, Valeriya
name: Lamberts, Astrid
name: Lupi, Alessandro
name: Mangiagli, Alberto
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Nardini, Germano
name: Pacucci, Fabio
name: Petiteau, Antoine
name: Raccanelli, Alvise
name: Rajendran, Surjeet
name: Regan, John
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Spallicci, Alessandro
name: Tamanini, Nicola
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Warburton, Niels
name: Wong, Kaze
name: Zumalacarregui, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a space-based interferometer surveying the gravitational wave (GW) sky in the milli-Hz to $μ$-Hz frequency range. By the 2040s', the $μ$-Hz frequency band, bracketed in between the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and pulsar timing arrays, will constitute the largest gap in the coverage of the astrophysically relevant GW spectrum. Yet many outstanding questions related to astrophysics and cosmology are best answered by GW observations in this band. We show that a $μ$-Hz GW detector will be a truly overarching observatory for the scientific community at large, greatly extending the potential of LISA. Conceived to detect massive black hole binaries from their early inspiral with high signal-to-noise ratio, and low-frequency stellar binaries in the Galaxy, this instrument will be a cornerstone for multimessenger astronomy from the solar neighbourhood to the high-redshift Universe.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures; White Paper submitted to ESA's Voyage 2050 call for papers on behalf of the LISA Consortium 2050 Task Force
Statistical solutions of the incompressible Euler equations
Creators: name: Lanthaler, Samuel
name: Mishra, Siddhartha
name: Parés-Pulido, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose and study the framework of dissipative statistical solutions for the incompressible Euler equations. Statistical solutions are time-parameterized probability measures on the space of square-integrable functions, whose time-evolution is determined from the underlying Euler equations. We prove partial well-posedness results for dissipative statistical solutions and propose a Monte Carlo type algorithm, based on spectral viscosity spatial discretizations, to approximate them. Under verifiable hypotheses on the computations, we prove that the approximations converge to a statistical solution in a suitable topology. In particular, multi-point statistical quantities of interest converge on increasing resolution. We present several numerical experiments to illustrate the theory.
VEXAS: the VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys -- Data Release 1: the Southern Galactic Hemisphere
Creators: name: Spiniello, C.
name: Agnello, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first public data release of the VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys (VEXAS), comprising of 9 cross-matched multi-wavelength photometric catalogs where each object has a match in at least two surveys. We aim at a spatial coverage as uniform as possible in the multi-wavelength sky, with the purpose of providing the astronomical community with reference magnitudes and colours for various scientific uses, including: object classification (e.g. quasars, galaxies, and stars; high-z galaxies, white dwarfs, etc.); photometric redshifts of large galaxy samples; searches of exotic objects such as, for example, extremely red objects and lensed quasars. We have cross-matched the wide-field VISTA catalogs (the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and the VISTA Kilo Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey) with the AllWISE mid-infrared Survey, requiring that a match exists within 10 arcsec. We have further matched this table with X-Ray and radio data (ROSAT, XMM, SUMSS). We also performed a second cross-match between VISTA and AllWISE, with a smaller matching radius (3"), including WISE magnitudes. We have then cross-matched this resulting table ($\approx138\times10^6$ objects) with three photometric wide-sky optical deep surveys (DES, SkyMapper, PanSTARRS). We finally include matches to objects with spectroscopic follow-up by the SDSS and 6dFGS. To demonstrate the power of all-sky multi-wavelength cross-match tables, we show two examples of scientific applications of VEXAS, in particular using the publicly released tables to discover strong gravitational lenses (beyond the reach of previous searches), and to build a statistically large sample of extremely red objects. The VEXAS catalog is currently the widest and deepest, public, optical-to-IR photometric and spectroscopic database in the Southern Hemisphere.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
Semi-Flexible Polymer in a Uniform Force Field in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Lamura, A.
name: Burkhardt, T. W.
name: Gompper, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conformational properties of a semi-flexible polymer chain, anchored at one end in a uniform force field, are studied in a simple two-dimensional model. Recursion relations are derived for the partition function and then iterated numerically. We calculate the angular fluctuations of the polymer about the direction of the force field and the average polymer configuration as functions of the bending rigidity, chain length, chain orientation at the anchoring point, and field strength.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev. E
Vortex Nerves and their Proximities. Nerve Betti Numbers and Descriptive Proximity
Creators: name: Peters, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54E05, 55R40, 68U05

description: This article introduces vortex nerve complexes in CW (Closure finite Weak) topological spaces, which first appeared in works by P. Alexandroff, H. Hopf and J.H.C. Whitehead during the 1930s. A vortex nerve is a CW complex containing one or more intersecting path-connected cycles. Each vortex nerve has its own distinctive shape. Both vortex nerve shapes (bounded planar surfaces with nonempty interior) and holes (bounded planar surfaces with empty interior that live inside and define shapes) have boundaries that are path-connected cycles. In the context of CW complexes, the usual Betti numbers $\mathcal{B}_0$ (cell count), $\mathcal{B}_1$ (cycle count) and $\mathcal{B}_2$ (hole count) provide a basis for the introduction of several new Betti numbers, namely, vortex $\mathcal{B}_{vtex}$, vortex nerve $\mathcal{B}_{vNrv}$ and shape $\mathcal{B}_{sh}$ introduced in this paper. In addition, results are given for CW complexes equipped with a descriptive proximity as well as for the homotopy types of vortex nerves and the complexes and cycles contained in the nerves.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, dedicated to Enrico Betti and Som Naimpally
New DNLS Equations for Anharmonic Vibrational Impurities
Creators: name: Molina, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine some new DNLS-like equations that arise when considering strongly-coupled electron-vibration systems, where the local oscillator potential is anharmonic. In particular, we focus on a single, rather general nonlinear vibrational impurity and determine its bound state(s) and its dynamical selftrapping properties.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Comparison of single-voxel 1H-cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for in vivo measurement of myocardial creatine and triglycerides at 3T
Creators: name: Sourdon, Joevin
name: Roussel, Tangi
name: Costes, Claire
name: Viout, Patrick
name: Guye, Maxime
name: Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
name: Bernard, Monique
name: Kober, Frank
name: Rapacchi, Stanislas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Results obtained on creatine phantom with PRESS, sLASER and STEAMs.
Double Scaling Limit in Random Matrix Models and a Nonlinear Hierarchy of Differential Equations
Creators: name: Bleher, P.
name: Eynard, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the double scaling limit of eigenvalue correlations in the random matrix model at critical points and we relate the limiting correlation functions to a nonlinear hierarchy of ordinary differential equations.
description: 17 pages, latex, J. Phys. A special issue on random matrices
PiiGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Pluralistic Image Inpainting
Creators: name: Cai, Weiwei
name: Wei, Zhanguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The latest methods based on deep learning have achieved amazing results regarding the complex work of inpainting large missing areas in an image. But this type of method generally attempts to generate one single "optimal" result, ignoring many other plausible results. Considering the uncertainty of the inpainting task, one sole result can hardly be regarded as a desired regeneration of the missing area. In view of this weakness, which is related to the design of the previous algorithms, we propose a novel deep generative model equipped with a brand new style extractor which can extract the style feature (latent vector) from the ground truth. Once obtained, the extracted style feature and the ground truth are both input into the generator. We also craft a consistency loss that guides the generated image to approximate the ground truth. After iterations, our generator is able to learn the mapping of styles corresponding to multiple sets of vectors. The proposed model can generate a large number of results consistent with the context semantics of the image. Moreover, we evaluated the effectiveness of our model on three datasets, i.e., CelebA, PlantVillage, and MauFlex. Compared to state-of-the-art inpainting methods, this model is able to offer desirable inpainting results with both better quality and higher diversity. The code and model will be made available on https://github.com/vivitsai/PiiGAN.
Reconstruction of the primordial Universe by a Monge--Ampere--Kantorovich optimisation scheme
Creators: name: Mohayaee, R.
name: Frisch, U.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Sobolevskii, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for the reconstruction of the primordial density fluctuation field is presented. Various previous approaches to this problem rendered {\it non-unique} solutions. Here, it is demonstrated that the initial positions of dark matter fluid elements, under the hypothesis that their displacement is the gradient of a convex potential, can be reconstructed uniquely. In our approach, the cosmological reconstruction problem is reformulated as an assignment problem in optimisation theory. When tested against numerical simulations, our scheme yields excellent reconstruction on scales larger than a few megaparsecs.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Enhanced academic motivation in university students following a 2-week online gratitude journal intervention
Creators: name: Nawa, Norberto Eiji
name: Yamagishi, Noriko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Time courses of the daily self-assessments given by the gratitude and control group participants, results from the analysis of data from the entire sample of participants regardless of schedule compliance, and time courses of the intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation and introjected regulation scores.
Laevichlamys Waller 1993
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Henk H.
name: Beu, Alan G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pectinida
Pectinidae
Laevichlamys

description: Laevichlamys Waller, 1993
 Laevichlamys Waller, 1993: 204. Type species (by original designation): Pecten multisquamatus Dunker, 1864. Recent, tropical western Atlantic.
 Diagnosis. Non-cemented or embedded Pedini with weak radial costae or riblets (evenly or unevenly spaced), shagreen microsculpture secondarily absent from most specimens, intercalated antimarginal striae, commarginal ridges absent, byssal notch shallow to deep, ctenolium well-developed, hinge teeth weak.
 Distribution. Upper Miocene–Recent (Waller, 1993: 204). Western Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific, living in the subtidal to sublittoral zones.
 Discussion. Waller (1993: 204) created a new genus for the chlamydoid taxa with weak to almost smooth macrosculpture. Most of the representative extant species live in the Indo-West Pacific, the exception being the type species (see above).
description: Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/5299017
Balmer breaks in simulated galaxies at z>6
Creators: name: Binggeli, C.
name: Zackrisson, E.
name: Ma, X.
name: Inoue, A. K.
name: Vikaeus, A.
name: Hashimoto, T.
name: Mawatari, K.
name: Shimizu, I.
name: Ceverino, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometric observations of the spectroscopically confirmed $z\approx 9.1$ galaxy MACS1149-JD1 have indicated the presence of a prominent Balmer break in its spectral energy distribution, which may be interpreted as due to very large fluctuations in its past star formation activity. In this paper, we investigate to what extent contemporary simulations of high-redshift galaxies produce star formation rate variations sufficiently large to reproduce the observed Balmer break of MACS1149-JD1. We find that several independent galaxy simulations are unable to account for Balmer breaks of the inferred size, suggesting that MACS1149-JD1 either must be a very rare type of object or that our simulations are missing some key ingredient. We present predictions of spectroscopic Balmer break strength distributions for $z\approx 7-9$ galaxies that may be tested through observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and also discuss the impact that various assumptions on dust reddening, Lyman continuum leakage and deviations from a standard stellar initial mass function would have on the results.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Inverse problem approach for SPHERE+ adaptive optics control
Creators: name: Bechet, Clementine
name: Tallon, Michel
name: Thiebaut, Eric
name: Tallon-Bosc, Isabelle
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Loupias, Magali
name: Kulcsar, Caroline
name: Raynaud, Henri Francois
name: Galland, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Proceedings of AO4ELT7 conference 2023 - Editors: Thierry Fusco and Benoit Neichel
Year: 2023
Subjects: CONTROL
OPTIMIZATION
HIGH CONTRAST
WAVEFRONT PREDICTION
PROJECTION
REGULARIZATION
STROKE

description: The SPHERE+ project is an upgrade of the high-contrast SPHERE instrument and of its adaptive optics (AO)
named SAXO into SAXO+. SPHERE is currently installed at the Very Large Telescope in Chile. At the moment,
SAXO uses a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a 41 A 41 deformable mirror (DM) and a tip-tilt mirror. SAXO+
will add a second stage with a near-infrared pyramid sensor and a second DM, to improve the contrast at low
angular separation and to push further the limiting magnitude to work on fainter near-infrared targets. We present
here the control method studied at the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL) for SAXO/SAXO+.
This control relies on a global inverse problem approach and builds up on the THEMIS solar telescope AO
control developed by the CRAL. Equations for the minimization of the global criterion lead to 2 optimizations
steps: i) a wavefront estimation/prediction, ii) a projection on mirrors. Note that there is no classical integrator
included in this CRAL control. Specific regularization choices are validated in presented simulations. In the first
step, regularization for wavefront estimation is used with separated spatial and temporal penalty terms. We
demonstrate: a) a high contrast performance in high flux conditions; b) that the temporal regularization improves
performance in low flux conditions. In the second step, a regularization of the projection on mirrors is introduced
based on a least-effort criterion. Concerning this step, we demonstrate that: a) the introduced concept of virtual
piston mirror simplifies the optimization; b) we create an adjustable balance between mirrors for redundant modes
(e.g. tip-tilt); c) this balance can be defined during design, independently on observing conditions. Although both
steps are merged in THEMIS AO control real-time computer, we consider them separately for now in SAXO.
Transition Strategies Towards a New World Order for Five Rural Worlds
Creators: name: Calkins, Peter H.
name: Calkins, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: To put into perspective the problems of humanity on the eve of the twenty-first century, I ask the reader to imagine a country which is subject to climatic variations, needs to achieve a major structural adjustment of its macroeconomy, is composed of several different ethnic groups, some of which are threatening to secede, and is being called upon to participate in a regional common market. Perhaps you thought of an African country of the capitalist Third World, such as Chad. And of course you were right. But you could also have mentioned Canada and other nations of the capitalist industrial world (including the European Community), who now find themselves at the mercy of acid rain and the greenhouse effect, who must reply seriously to the demands of native groups, who are in full macroeconomic crisis with massive debt loads and who must each find their place in a continental economic union. Nor would you have been wrong if you had mentioned countries of the former centrally planned socialist world, such as Lithuania, Georgia, Hungary and the other members of the proposed Slavic common market, generally northern countries with a short and variable season for agricultural production in need of massive restructuring of the roles of the state and of the private sector within the economy. In short, it can be argued that all the economies of the planet are in the midst of a period of transition of unprecedented proportions. Therefore limiting the term 'economies in transition' to countries of the former Soviet bloc seems too restrictive. Each economy must determine the weaknesses which must be corrected if it hopes to create workable strategies of progress towards participation in a better world order.
Modeling the density of US yield curve using Bayesian semiparametric dynamic Nelson-Siegel model
Creators: name: Çakmaklı, Cem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper proposes the Bayesian semiparametric dynamic Nelson-Siegel model for estimating the density of bond yields. Specifically, we model the distribution of the yield curve factors according to an infinite Markov mixture (iMM). The model allows for time variation in the mean and covariance matrix of factors in a discrete manner, as opposed to continuous changes in these parameters such as the Time Varying Parameter (TVP) models. Estimating the number of regimes using the iMM structure endogenously leads to an adaptive process that can generate newly emerging regimes over time in response to changing economic conditions in addition to existing regimes. The potential of the proposed framework is examined using US bond yields data. The semiparametric structure of the factors can handle various forms of non-normalities including fat tails and nonlinear dependence between factors using a unified approach by generating new clusters capturing these specific characteristics. We document that modeling parameter changes in a discrete manner increases the model fit as well as forecasting performance at both short and long horizons relative to models with fixed parameters as well as the TVP model with continuous parameter changes. This is mainly due to fact that the discrete changes in parameters suit the typical low frequency monthly bond yields data characteristics better.
Observation of an unconventional metal-insulator transition in overdoped CuO_2 compounds
Creators: name: Venturini, F.
name: Opel, M.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
name: Freericks, J. K.
name: Tüttő, I.
name: Revaz, B.
name: Walker, E.
name: Berger, H.
name: Forró, L.
name: Hackl, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron dynamics in the normal state of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ is studied by inelastic light scattering over a wide range of doping. A strong anisotropy of the electron relaxation is found which cannot be explained by single-particle properties alone. The results strongly indicate the presence of an unconventional quantum-critical metal-insulator transition where "hot" (antinodal) quasiparticles become insulating while "cold" (nodal) quasiparticles remain metallic. A phenomenology is developed which allows a quantitative understanding of the Raman results and provides a scenario which links single- and many-particle properties.
description: 4 pages, 3 gif figures
NNLM Impact Quick Reference
Creators: name: Holmes, Kristi
name: Hoyo, Verónica
name: Herzog, Keith
name: NNLM National Evaluation Center
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: NNLM
NNLM NEC
Evaluation

description: A companion resource to the January 2024 Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM) All-Staff Virtual Summit, this NNLM Impact Quick Reference explores and defines what impact is -- and what it isn't.

This resource is supported by the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24LM013751. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Efficiency Metrics for Data-Driven Models: A Text Summarization Case Study
Creators: name: Çano, Erion
name: Bojar, Ondřej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using data-driven models for solving text summarization or similar tasks has become very common in the last years. Yet most of the studies report basic accuracy scores only, and nothing is known about the ability of the proposed models to improve when trained on more data. In this paper, we define and propose three data efficiency metrics: data score efficiency, data time deficiency and overall data efficiency. We also propose a simple scheme that uses those metrics and apply it for a more comprehensive evaluation of popular methods on text summarization and title generation tasks. For the latter task, we process and release a huge collection of 35 million abstract-title pairs from scientific articles. Our results reveal that among the tested models, the Transformer is the most efficient on both tasks.
description: 11 pages, 4 tables, 2 figures, 6 equations. Published in proceedings of INLG 2019, the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, Tokyo, Japan
Complicachlamys Iredale 1939
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Henk H.
name: Beu, Alan G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pectinida
Pectinidae
Complicachlamys

description: Complicachlamys Iredale, 1939
 Complicachlamys Iredale, 1939: 362. Type species (by original designation): Complicachlamys wardiana Iredale, 1939; Recent, QLD, Australia.
 Diagnosis. Elongate, medium-sized Pedini with 7–9 primary radial plicae and numerous secondary radial costae; valves flattened, subequilateral; interstitial commarginal sculpture present, but no shagreen microsculpture; auricles very unequal, anterior large, posterior small; hinge teeth small, with obsolete resilial teeth and prominent dorsal teeth, intermediate teeth lacking; byssal notch deep, ctenolium well-developed.
 Distribution. Recent. Tropical southwestern Pacific, living in the littoral zone, bysally attached to rocks or other hard substrates.
 Discussion. Iredale (1939: 362) introduced Complicachlamys and included several “representative” species, viz. Complicachlamys fulvicostata A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 [sic], Complicachlamys luculenta Reeve, 1853 [sic] = Complicachlamys dringi Reeve, 1853 [sic], and Complicachlamys crouchi Smith, 1892 [sic] [all the authors and years should have been placed between parentheses]. All these species have shagreen microsculpture and should be placed in Semipallium [Jousseaume] Lamy, 1928. Complicachlamys wardiana does not have this peculiar microsculpture, although Iredale (1939: 362) mentioned sculpture in the interstices of the secondary radial costae “producing a honeycomb effect”, which is somewhat similar to the shagreen sculpture of Semipallium species. Complicachlamys wardiana has interstitial commarginal sculpture of curved lamellae, producing hollow sections on most specimens. Other characters (outline, primary plicae and secondary costae, highly unequal auricles, deep byssal notch, well-developed ctenolium) are almost indistinguishable from those of Semipallium, and it is possible that C. wardiana is simply a species of Semipallium that has lost shagreen sculpture. This would be resolved best by comparison of DNA sequences.
 Hertlein (1969: N366) treated Complicachlamys as a junior synonym of Semipallium, and was followed by Vaught (1989: 119). Wagner (1989b: 111) considered Complicachlamys to be a junior synonym of Chlamys Röding, 1798.
description: Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/5299017
Motion planning and control problems for underactuated robots
Creators: name: Martinez, Sonia
name: Cortes, Jorge
name: Bullo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B05; 70Q05; 93B03; 93B05; 93B29

description: Motion planning and control are key problems in a collection of robotic applications including the design of autonomous agile vehicles and of minimalist manipulators. These problems can be accurately formalized within the language of affine connections and of geometric control theory. In this paper we overview recent results on kinematic controllability and on oscillatory controls. Furthermore, we discuss theoretical and practical open problems as well as we suggest control theoretical approaches to them.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear as a book chapter in the Advanced Robotics Series, Springer-Verlag
Imbalanced Randomization in Vaccine Clinical Safety Trials
Creators: name: Patterson, Scott
name: Bailleux, Fabrice
name: Chen, Josh
name: Zhu, Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Clinical safety and immunogenicity data in vaccines are commonly dichotomized into responder and non- responder binary data. This paper expands upon Fagerland et al., [5] to further study Newcombe’s hybrid score and Fisher’s conditional exact test using imbalanced randomization in vaccine clinical studies. The intent of this paper is to study a potential statistical issue in clinical study design and analysis; hence, no reference to any particular product is made.
Measuring relative abundances in the solar corona with optimised linear combinations of spectral lines
Creators: name: Prado, Natalia Zambrana
name: Buchlin, Éric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Elemental abundances in some coronal structures differ significantly from photospheric abundances, with a dependence on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the element. Measuring these FIP-dependent abundance biases is important for coronal and heliospheric physics. Aims. We aim to build a method for optimal determination of FIP biases in the corona from spectroscopic observations in a way that is in practice independent from Differential Emission Measure (DEM) inversions. Methods. We optimised linear combinations of spectroscopic lines of low-FIP and high-FIP elements so that the ratio of the corresponding radiances yields the relative FIP bias with good accuracy for any DEM in a small set of typical DEMs. Results. These optimised linear combinations of lines allow retrieval of a test FIP bias map with good accuracy for all DEMs in the map. The results also compare well with a FIP bias map obtained from observations using a DEM-dependent method. Conclusions. The method provides a convenient, fast, and accurate way of computing relative FIP bias maps. It can be used to optimise the use of existing observations and the design of new observations and instruments.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Emission line studies of young radio sources
Creators: name: Holt, J.
name: Tadhunter, C. N.
name: Morganti, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the efficiency of high quality optical spectroscopic observations of two compact radio sources, PKS 1549-79 and PKS 1345+12, as a probe of the kinematics and physical conditions in the circumnuclear gas in the early stages of radio source evolution. We outline a schematic model for PKS 1345+12 based on the model for PKS 1549-79 proposed by Tadhunter et al. (2001) in which the young radio source is expanding through a dense and dusty enshrouding cocoon, sweeping material out of the circumnuclear regions.
description: LaTeX, 6 pages, 3 postscript figures. Elsevier science format - NAR, style files included. To appear in the proceedings of the workshop "Radio galaxies: past, present & future". eds. Matt Jarvis et al. Leiden, Nov, 2002
Evaluating the role of financial flexibility in farmers' investment decisions using latent class analysis
Creators: name: Anastassiadis, Friederike
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Anastassiadis, Friederike
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial flexibility
subject: investment decision
subject: latent class analysis

description: The global structural change in the agricultural sector entails adaptation processes, which often involve leveraged investments resulting in decreasing equity ratios of farms. Lower equity ratios can be followed by a reduction in the financial flexibility of farms. If additional investments with debt capital are made, the financial flexibility may be further restricted. The question that arises is if farm managers already consider the financial flexibility when making investment decisions. In the present study, farmers are faced with hypothetical investment alternatives in a discrete choice experiment. The investment alternatives differ in their profitability, the risk involved and in their impact on the farm's financial flexibility. The estimation of a latent class model, with four classes, reveals that in all classes the amount of debt capital necessary for the investment is relevant for the farmers' decision. In three of the four classes, the farmers' utility of an investment alternative decreases cetris paribus if the amount of debt capital increases.
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND COMMERCIALIZATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN KENYA
Creators: name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Gitau, Raphael
name: Olunga, Millicent
name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Gitau, Raphael
name: Olunga, Millicent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: commercialization
subject: market participation
subject: food poverty
subject: food security
subject: smallholders

description: Commercialization is often viewed as an avenue to improve household food security due to its comparative advantages over subsistence production. However, there are arguments for and against smallholder commercialization as a pathway for ensuring household food security. This paper sought to identify factors that influence household food security for Kenyan rural smallholder households, and in particular, determine if household commercialization as defined by household participation in input (fertilizer and seed) and crop output markets affects food security position. Results showed that household commercialization was associated with a reduced risk of being in the chronically food poor and oscillator groups compared to the food non-poor group. Hence, market participation can play a significant role in reducing food poverty, thus ensuring food security. This suggests that facilitating the expansion of market participation by smallholder farmers can be critical in helping households transition out of food poverty. This will entail enabling access to affordable production inputs, suitable to small scale farmers, thus ensuring that farmers are not trapped in low productivity–low return farming activities that lead to food insecurity. The use of productivity enhancing inputs will improve the ability of smallholder farmers to produce sufficient marketable surplus. Also, it will be important to strengthen efforts geared toward creating market linkages for the various agricultural enterprises. Moreover, innovations that enhance households’ access to land, education, savings and employment can be instrumental in raising their ability to produce food and access it from the market, ensuring food security.
Coherent transport in disordered metals out of equilibrium
Creators: name: Schwab, P.
name: Raimondi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a formula for the quantum corrections to the electrical current for a metal out of equilibrium. In the limit of linear current-voltage characteristics our formula reproduces the well known Altshuler-Aronov correction to the conductivity of a disordered metal. The current formula is obtained by a direct diagrammatic approach, and is shown to agree with what is obtained within the Keldysh formulation of the non-linear sigma model. As an application we calculate the current of a mesoscopic wire. We find a current-voltage characteristics that scales with $eV/kT$, and calculate the different scaling curves for a wire in the hot-electron regime and in the regime of full non-equilibrium.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
A stochastic Monte Carlo approach to model real star cluster evolution, III. Direct integrations of three- and four-body interactions
Creators: name: Giersz, M.
name: Spurzem, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherically symmetric equal mass star clusters containing a large amount of primordial binaries are studied using a hybrid method, consisting of a gas dynamical model for single stars and a Monte Carlo treatment for relaxation of binaries and the setup of close resonant and fly-by encounters of single stars with binaries and binaries with each other (three- and four-body encounters). What differs from our previous work is that each encounter is being integrated using a highly accurate direct few-body integrator which uses regularized variables. Hence we can study the systematic evolution of individual binary orbital parameters (eccentricity, semi-major axis) and differential and total cross sections for hardening, dissolution or merging of binaries (minimum distance) from a sampling of several ten thousands of scattering events as they occur in real cluster evolution including mass segregation of binaries, gravothermal collapse and reexpansion, binary burning phase and ultimately gravothermal oscillations. For the first time we are able to present empirical cross sections for eccentricity variation of binaries in close three- and four-body encounters. It is found that a large fraction of three-body and four-body encounters results in merging. Previous cross sections obtained by Spitzer and Gao for strong encounters can be reproduced, while for weak encounters non-standard processes like formation of hierarchical triples occur.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures, Latex in the MN style, submitted to MNRAS