cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High School Class for Gifted Pupils in Physics and Sciences and Pupils` Skills Measured by Standard and Pisa Test
Creators: name: Djordjevic, G. S.
name: Pavlovic-Babic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ``High school class for students with special abilities in physics`` was founded in Nis, Serbia in 2003. The basic aim of this project has been introducing a broadened curriculum of physics, mathematics, computer science, as well as chemistry and biology. We present analysis of the pupils` skills in solving rather problem oriented test, as PISA test, and compare their results with the results of pupils who study under standard curricula. Analysis of achievement data should clarify what are benefits of introducing in school system track for gifted students. Additionally, item analysis helps in understanding and improvement of learning strategies efficacy.
description: 6 pages, Talk given at 7th International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union, Alexandruoplos, Greece, 9-13 September 2009. To be published in AIP Conf.Proc
Experimental violation of Svetlichny's inequality
Creators: name: Lavoie, Jonathan
name: Kaltenbaek, Rainer
name: Resch, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local realistic theories. Svetlichny showed, through the development of a Bell-like inequality, that quantum mechanics is also incompatible with a restricted class of nonlocal realistic theories for three particles where any two-body nonlocal correlations are allowed [Phys. Rev. D 35, 3066 (1987)]. In the present work, we experimentally generate three-photon GHZ states to test Svetlichny's inequality. Our states are fully characterized by quantum state tomography using an overcomplete set of measurements and have a fidelity of (84+/-1)% with the target state. We measure a convincing, 3.6 std., violation of Svetlichny's inequality and rule out this class of restricted nonlocal realistic models.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Cazul aparenței ca normativitate transformativă. Exemple din dreptul American (The Case of Legal Appearance as a Transformative Norm. Examples from American Law)
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Rule of law
subject: Banking law

description: This article discusses the relationship between appearance and reality from a legal perspective, dismantling the belief that appearance is a superficial version of reality without any cause or impact on it. Under certain conditions, appearances can facilitate the emergence of a legal reality. Moreover, sometimes, there is no normative difference between the appearance and reality of a legal interest. The author briefly analyzes the appearance of justice in the context of the American rule of law, as viewed in banking regulations and judicial activity.
Supplementary Materials from Translational demand is not a major source of plasmid-associated fitness costs
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Beltrán, Jerónimo
name: León-Sampedro, Ricardo
name: Martínez, Paula Ramiro
name: de la Vega, Carmen
name: Baquero, Fernando
name: Levin, Bruce R.
name: Millán, Álvaro San
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Supplementary Tables and Figures
Additional file 1 of Bacterial community composition of the sediment in Sayram Lake, an alpine lake in the arid northwest of China
Creators: name: Shao, Keqiang
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Ba, Tunasheng
name: Chao, Jianying
name: Gao, Guang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The longitude and latitude of sampling sites, and the value for physicochemical parameters of 5 surface sediments in Sayram Lake. Table S2. The OTU-based species diversity represented by 4 α-diversity indices and Goods coverage of 5 sediment samples in Sayram Lake. Fig. S1. Rarefaction curves for the different sediment samples analyzed using the Shannon diversity. Fig. S2. Sediment bacterial communities clustering generated from the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rDNA OTUs data (97% similarity).
Contractul de cesiune a drepturilor de autor asupra filmului, 9 Dreptul 15 (1994)
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Copyright
subject: Motion pictures

description: Under Romanian law, the contract of assignment of the copyright in the film was both in a nascent and transitional state, in 1994. This article offers a brief overview (in Romanian).
IAM_COMPACT_D5.6_Behaviour_social_and_disruptive_innovation
Creators: name: Frilingou, Natasha
name: Trutnevyte, Evelina
name: Zielonka, Nik
name: Al Khourdajie, Alaa
name: van de Ven, Dirk-Jan
name: Rodés Bachs, Clàudia
name: Horowitz, Russell
name: Kleanthis, Nikos
name: Nikolakakis, Thomas
name: Karamaneas, Anastasios
name: Nikas, Alexandros
name: Koasidis, Konstantinos
name: Peters, Glen
name: Mittal, Shivika
name: Lifi, Mohamed
name: Nieto, Jaime
name: Parrado-Hernando, Gonzalo
name: Capellán-Pérez, Iñigo
name: Alvarez-Antelo, David
name: Pérez-Marcos, Juan
name: Mateo-Martínez, Adrián
name: Ferreras-Alonso, Noelia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This deliverable covers two different tasks of WP5, aiming to expand aspects of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), and address related questions received from our Policy Response Mechanism. The first task (Task 5.4) aims to capture key disruptive innovations and technologies currently underrepresented in IAMs and includes four modelling studies. Section 2 presents probabilistic projections of the diffusion of solar photovoltaics, wind power, biogases, heat pumps, and three types of low-carbon passenger cars in 39 European countries for 2023-2050 and compares the projected capacities against the quantities required for the energy transition. Section 3 examines how maximal effort across all sectors to reduce gross, in addition to net emissions, might contribute to a reduced role of CDR in deep mitigation. Section 4 then explores the impact of future interest rates in decarbonisation pathways, by applying an empirical dataset of estimated cost of capital differentiated by technology and country in two global IAMs and one electricity-system model. Section 5 explores the impacts of climate scenarios on adjustment in firms’ credit risk and financial valuation and highlights the critical role of the financial sector in influencing the pace of the transition to net zero emissions, and finally Section 6 investigates the economic implications of considering the adoption rates of clean technologies in the context of heterogeneous discount rates across consumer categories and explores the potential of behavioural change and social innovation in climate action.
COVID-19 Silver Lining of Library Research Support
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Witte, Sarah S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Library science
Information science

description: Closer inter-library Collaboration in CLS Student Research Support for "Meanings of Motherhood: Historical and Legal Perspectives (Spring 2020)" (Sarah Witte & Dana Neacsu - presentation) Breaking New Ground in Law Faculty Research Support - First Library Publishing of Law Faculty Scholarship: "Law in the Time of COVID-19" (Dana Neacsu - presentation)
Concert of Action by Substantial Assistance: What Ever Happened to Unconscious Aiding and Abetting
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: As one commentator has uncomfortably noted, in the 1980's, courts seemed inclined to develop and use theories of liability, which ensured that the risk of injury and loss was transferred from consumer victims to manufacturers and then, through the price mechanism, to the community-at-large. That was a time when courts seemed to be comfortable applying product liability without fault, and holding manufacturers as "insurers even for those products, which previously would not have been considered 'defective' in design, in manufacture, or in marketing." Since then, courts have scaled the doctrine back.
Bound States and Superconductivity in Dense Fermi Systems
Creators: name: Blaschke, D.
name: Zablocki, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum field theoretical approach to the thermodynamics of dense Fermi systems is developed for the description of the formation and dissolution of quantum condensates and bound states in dependence of temperature and density. As a model system we study the chiral and superconducting phase transitions in two-flavor quark matter within the NJL model and their interrelation with the formation of quark-antiquark and diquark bound states. The phase diagram of quark matter is evaluated as a function of the diquark coupling strength and a coexistence region of chiral symmetry breaking and color superconductivity is obtained at very strong coupling. The crossover between Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of diquark bound states and condensation of diquark resonances (Cooper pairs) in the continuum (BCS) is discussed as a Mott effect. This effect consists in the transition of bound states into the continuum of scattering states under the influence of compression and heating. We explain the physics of the Mott transition with special emphasis on role of the Pauli principle for the case of the pion in quark matter.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
One-electron atomic-molecular ions containing Lithium in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Pilón, H. Olivares
name: Baye, D.
name: Turbiner, A. V.
name: Vieyra, J. C. López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-electron Li-containing Coulomb systems of atomic type $(li, e)$ and molecular type $(li, li, e)$, $(li, α, e)$ and $(li, p, e)$ are studied in the presence of a strong magnetic field $B \leq 10^{7}$ a.u. in the non-relativistic framework. They are considered at the Born-Oppenheimer approximation of zero order (infinitely massive centers) within the parallel configuration (molecular axis parallel to the magnetic field). The variational and Lagrange-mesh methods are employed in complement to each other. It is demonstrated that the molecular systems ${\rm LiH}^{3+}$, ${\rm LiHe}^{4+}$ and ${\rm Li}_{2}^{5+}$ can exist for sufficiently strong magnetic fields $B \gtrsim 10^{4}$ a.u. and that ${\rm Li}_{2}^{5+}$ can even be stable at magnetic fields typical of magnetars.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Legal scholarship and digital publishing: Has anything changed in the way we do legal research?
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Library science

description: Scholarship, including legal scholarship, depends on the reliability of sources used so that subsequent scholars can build upon the work. Reliability is here defined as including accurate access to sources that reproduce faithfully the original source. Legal scholarship depends on the existence and reliability of accessible materials to verify the accuracy and validity of the ideas advanced in the source. The growth of digital publishing, which includes both distributing information directly in electronic format and the conversion of paper materials into electronic format, threatens the established reliability of source materials. The current legal literature has failed to address this issue; the author's examination of 20 Law Review articles, all containing at least four citations to the Internet, found that 12 of the 20 contained an online source which could no longer be accessed within a year of the online source's publication. The author suggests that librarians and scholars be aware of the risk digital publishing presents to future research.
Isospin Diffusion in $^{58}$Ni-Induced Reactions at Intermediate Energies
Creators: name: Galichet, E.
name: Rivet, Marie-France
name: Borderie, B.
name: Colonna, M.
name: Bougault, R.
name: Durand, D.
name: Neindre, N. Le
name: Lopez, O.
name: Manduci, L.
name: Vient, E.
name: Chbihi, A.
name: Frankland, J. D.
name: Wieleczko, J. P.
name: Dayras, R.
name: Volant, C.
name: Guinet, D. C. R.
name: Lautesse, P.
name: Parlog, M.
name: Rosato, E.
name: Vigilante, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isospin diffusion is probed as a function of the dissipated energy by studying two systems $^{58}$Ni+$^{58}$Ni and $^{58}$Ni+$^{197}$Au, over the incident energy range 52-74\AM. Experimental data are compared with the results of a microscopic transport model with two different parameterizations of the symmetry energy term. A better overall agreement between data and simulations is obtained when using a symmetry term with a potential part linearly increasing with nuclear density. The isospin equilibration time at 52 \AM{} is estimated to 130$\pm$10 fm/$c$.
Google, legal citations, and electronic fickleness: Legal scholarship in the digital environment
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Library science

description: While law review articles are preserved in fee-based databases such as Westlaw and Lexis and thus are reliably accessible for the future, the footnotes, the source of authority and the body of most law review articles which themselves represent the main part of legal scholarship, usually refer to documents which far too often become inaccessible within a few months after their publication. Both government documents and documents privately published on the Internet have an unreliable life-span. This contradictory approach to digitization raises a large array of questions. Among them, is the following: How does this double digitization (that is, digitizing articles which refer to already-digitized, but unreliably retrieved, prior sources) affect the retrieval of legal information? Whose job is it to preserve legal information? As this is a more complex answer here I will only attempt to show that digitization has created a different environment of legal information (which includes legal scholarship) and this new environment proves to be more elusive that we would like to think about it.
Quantified Self - Digital Humanities Institute Beirut 2019
Creators: name: Wrisley, David Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: quantified self
datafication
digital humanities
Middle East
information literacy
data literacy

description: This presentation stems from a ten-hour workshop in two parts that took place at the Digital Humanities Institute Beirut 2019 (3-6 May 2019) introducing participants to forms of self-quantification and tracking, the notion of datafication as well as a practicum about accessing and analyzing some of the data collected about them on the web. It also addressed the social challenges raised by the increasingly dense data landscape in which we live and interact.
Genome misassembly detection using Stash : a data structure based on stochastic tile hashing
Creators: name: Sarvar, Armaghan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Analyzing large amounts of data produced by high-throughput sequencing technologies presents challenges in terms of memory and computational requirements. Therefore, it is crucial to develop data structures and computational methods that handle this information effectively. These challenges impact bioinformatics studies, including de novo genome assembly, which serves as the foundation of genomics. Issues like errors in reads or limitations due to heuristic decisions in assembly algorithms can lead to genome misassemblies and inaccurate genomic representations, compromising the quality of downstream analyses. Hence, de novo assemblies can benefit from misassembly detection and correction, to maximize the information provided by reads and produce an optimal assembly. Here, we present Stash, a novel hash-based data structure designed for storing and querying large repositories of sequencing data based on a k-mer representation of a large sequence dataset. Stash uses a two-dimensional data structure based on hash values generated by sliding windows of spaced seed patterns over sequences to compress data. The key-value pairs stored in Stash are k-mers and sequence ID hashes, respectively. The stored hashed identifiers are then used to check if two queried k-mers are observed in the same set of sequences. This functionality provides utility for Stash across diverse domains of bioinformatics. For example, Stash can inform whether two genomic regions are covered by the same set of reads by measuring the number of matches between them. This can be used in detection of misassemblies within a genome assembly of interest. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Stash in detecting misassemblies in human genome assemblies generated by the Flye and Shasta algorithms, using Pacbio HiFi reads from the human cell line NA24385. We observe that scaffolding Stash-cut assemblies reduce 7.6% and 3.4% of misassemblies in the Flye and Shasta assemblies, respectively. It accomplishes this by utilizing eight GB of memory and a total processing time of 117 plus 18 minutes. Remarkably, it can outperform alternative methods for detecting misassemblies in long-read data, all the while preserving contiguity.
A Rotating Holographic Superconductor
Creators: name: Sonner, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we initiate the study of SSB in 3+1 dimensional rotating, charged, asymptotically AdS black holes. The theory living on their boundary, R x S^2, has the interpretation of a 2+1 dimensional rotating holographic superconductor. We study the appearance of a marginal mode of the condensate as the temperature is decreased. We find that the transition temperature depends on the rotation. At temperatures just below T_c, the transition temperature at zero rotation, there exists a critical value of the rotation, which destroys the superconducting order. This behaviour is analogous to the emergence of a critical applied magnetic field and we show that the superconductor in fact produces the expected London field in the planar limit.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, version 2: references added
Legitimacy, globally: The incoherence of free trade practice, global economics and their governing principles of political economy
Creators: Davis, Michael H.
Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: In this article, we observe the legalized character of the phenomenon popularly called "globalization." We first examine what it means to be a legalized phenomenon and observe that an important part of legalization is legitimation. In domestic legal regimes, legitimation is accomplished through the Rule of Law, which makes certain claims about the nature of the society of which the legal regime is a part. Simply stated, the Rule of Law claims that a legal system is legitimate if its rules are definite and predictable and are applied in a general, impartial, and non-retroactive manner. In the international trading system of which globalization is the legalized regime, the legitimizing role is played by the so-called law of comparative advantage, developed originally by David Ricardo. Simply stated, the law of comparative advantage claims that all nations, not just the richest or most powerful, can profit from unhindered international trade, since each country can exploit and thus profit from its own particular advantages, even while it pays others for goods produced elsewhere. This globalized legitimation, similar to domestic legitimation, makes certain claims about the nature of the system of which the globalized regime is a part. We then examine what particular features of globalization are supported by the law of comparative advantage, and we note how the legitimating role of that law conceals the true nature of those features. Finally, we observe that globalization and those features we have examined produce, contrary to their express claims, disastrous global disparities in income and welfare. We conclude that it is the legitimizing functions of the law of comparative advantage that allows globalization to proceed in the manner it does while claiming to do quite the opposite. The legitimizing function of the global regime thus prevents a true understanding of globalization's nature.
Kinetics of the inner ring in the exciton emission pattern in GaAs coupled quantum wells
Creators: name: Hammack, A. T.
name: Butov, L. V.
name: Wilkes, J.
name: Mouchliadis, L.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
name: Ivanov, A. L.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the kinetics of the inner ring in the exciton emission pattern. The formation time of the inner ring following the onset of the laser excitation is found to be about 30 ns. The inner ring was also found to disappear within 4 ns after the laser termination. The latter process is accompanied by a jump in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. The spatial dependence of the PL-jump indicates that the excitons outside of the region of laser excitation, including the inner ring region, are efficiently cooled to the lattice temperature even during the laser excitation. The ring formation and disappearance are explained in terms of exciton transport and cooling.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
LAWYER'S BOOKSHELF; Who Owns Native Culture. Book Review
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Indigenous peoples--Law and legislation
subject: Culture and law
subject: Indians of North America
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Michael F. Brown, the Lambert Professor of Anthropology and Latin American Studies at Williams College, has spent many decades researching indigenous cultures in Australia and the Americas. With "Who Owns Native Culture" -- as the title suggests -- he embarks on solving proprietary issues related to indigenous knowledge and its artistic, religious or holistic value.
A Fast Potential and Self-Gravity Solver for Non-Axisymmetric Disks
Creators: name: Li, S.
name: Buoni, M. J.
name: Li, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disk self-gravity could play an important role in the dynamic evolution of interaction between disks and embedded protoplanets. We have developed a fast and accurate solver to calculate the disk potential and disk self-gravity forces for disk systems on a uniform polar grid. Our method follows closely the method given by Chan et al. (2006), in which an FFT in the azimuthal direction is performed and a direct integral approach in the frequency domain in the radial direction is implemented on a uniform polar grid. This method can be very effective for disks with vertical structures that depend only on the disk radius, achieving the same computational efficiency as for zero-thickness disks. We describe how to parallelize the solver efficiently on distributed parallel computers. We propose a mode-cutoff procedure to reduce the parallel communication cost and achieve nearly linear scalability for a large number of processors. For comparison, we have also developed a particle-based fast tree-code to calculate the self-gravity of the disk system with vertical structure. The numerical results show that our direct integral method is at least two order of magnitudes faster than our optimized tree-code approach.
description: 8 figures, accepted to ApJS
LA COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE ROUMAINE. PREMIERS PAS. (The Romanian Constitutional Court. First Steps)
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Constitutional courts
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Jurisprudence

description: As a panel member, Constitutional Law Study and Research Group, University of Aix-Marseille III, France this Paper covered the early jurisprudence of the Romanian Constitutional Court (September 1993) (in French)
The Isgur-Karl model revisited
Creators: name: Galeta, Leonardo
name: Pirjol, Dan
name: Schat, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to match the Isgur-Karl model to the spin-flavor quark operator expansion used in the 1/Nc studies of the non-strange negative parity L=1 excited baryons. Using the transformation properties of states and interactions under the permutation group S_3 we are able to express the operator coefficients as overlap integrals, without making any assumption on the spatial dependence of the quark wave functions. The general mass operator leads to parameter free mass relations and constraints on the mixing angles that are valid beyond the usual harmonic oscillator approximation. The Isgur-Karl model with harmonic oscillator wave functions provides a simple counterexample that demonstrates explicitly that the alternative operator basis for the 1/Nc expansion for excited baryons recently proposed by Matagne and Stancu is incomplete.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Let's Research Together, so join.me
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information science

description: At Columbia Law School librarians have been an integral part of the legal research and writing curriculum since 2005. We teach incoming 1L students the travails of researching as a lawyer. The research component has changed since then many times. At the beginning, it was very ambitious. The librarians intended to impart all their research knowledge to first-year students in only seven 50-minute classes. We did not succeed. But we learned from our mistakes and we moved toward further cooperation with the writing instructors. Eventually, the research classes focused only on how to use the proprietary databases to research the writing assignment. The formula was quite successful as we met with our 10-15 students in seven classes (four classes taught by us and 3 by the vendors). Alas, nothing good lasts long, and our classes are now incorporating 40-45 students in seven classes. How can we maintain the on-hands individualized teaching that legal research to new students requires? When the classroom time does not allow for individualized, hands-on teaching methodology, then the research instructor needs to find ways to have a similar impact on students. How? There are new platforms which enable the instructor-student connection while the instructor is able to perform well defined tasks for more than on student. Librarians need to be innovative and adopt the newest, least expensive technology which gives them if not face time, screen time with their students. This is the role of using join.me in after class digital meetings.
The group of causal automorphisms
Creators: name: Kim, Do-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The group of causal automorphisms on Minkowski space-time is given and its structure is analyzed.
Differential Galois theory and Integrability
Creators: name: Maciejewski, Andrzej J.
name: Przybylska, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is an overview of our works which are related to investigations of the integrability of natural Hamiltonian systems with homogeneous potentials and Newton's equations with homogeneous velocity independent forces. The two types of integrability obstructions for these systems are presented. The first, local ones, are related to the analysis of the differential Galois group of variational equations along a non-equilibrium particular solution. The second, global ones, are obtained from the simultaneous analysis of variational equations related to all particular solutions belonging to a certain class. The marriage of these two types of the integrability obstructions enables to realise the classification programme of all integrable homogeneous systems. The main steps of the integrability analysis for systems with two and more degrees of freedom as well as new integrable systems are shown.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure, will be published in the special issue (v6, N8, December 2009) of International Journal 1 of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics devoted to "Geometry of integrable systems"
Introduction to U.S. Law and Legal Research
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: There are many introductory law books. Most of them are quite interesting, although often limited in their point of view. They focus on reviewing the abstract world of the law (introduction to jurisprudence or theory of law), on a specific aspect of the law based on specific sources of law (what case law is and how it should be read) or on how you can find the law, by analyzing statutes, case decisions, etc. Each relies on complimentary introductory books that will explain the part of the law that they had left untouched. None has this book's organic approach to law: they rely on and encourage an incremental approach to studying law. Unlike them, this book starts from a different holistic premise, and it wants to give its readers a critical approach to U.S. law and consequently, to U.S. legal research. Chapters 1 and 2 explain the double meaning of law. It is an abstract atemporal human construct, known as the rule of law, but it is also a body of concrete legal norms, because the rule of law comes to fruition through published manifestations: statutory norms, decisional law, and administrative rules, regulations or decisions. Chapter 3 briefly points out the basic techniques of legal research. It emphasizes the distinctions between primary sources- repositories-of law, and secondary sources. It also explains the reasons and the ways of using each one. It hopefully brings law closer to the reader because it outlines the various print and online repositories of law and the ways to access them. Because it is this book's intention to ensure the reader's unlimited access to the various forms of law, I pay distinct attention to the free-of-charge online law repositories. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 bring to fruition this ambitious project of popularizing the law without debasing it intellectually and punctuate how legal rules can be identified within those repositories. Chapters 4 through 6 examine the legislative, executive, and administrative bodies, and the legal norms each produce. Then, they scrutinize techniques of legal research, according to each source. Most importantly, you will learn to what degree you can digitally perform reliable legal research free-of-charge.
"Quantum-optical coherence tomography" with classical light
Creators: name: Lavoie, Jonathan
name: Kaltenbaek, Rainer
name: Resch, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) is an interferometric technique for axial imaging offering several advantages over conventional methods. Chirped-pulse interferometry (CPI) was recently demonstrated to exhibit all of the benefits of the quantum interferometer upon which Q-OCT is based. Here we use CPI to measure axial interferograms to profile a sample accruing the important benefits of Q-OCT, including automatic dispersion cancellation, but with 10 million times higher signal. Our technique solves the artifact problem in Q-OCT and highlights the power of classical correlation in optical imaging.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Immigration and Nationality
Creators: Hill, Robert Charles
Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Emigration and immigration law
Visas
Asylum, Right of
Foreign workers--Law and legislation

description: During the year 2000, there were significant developments in immigration law and policy with respect to employment-based immigration, family visas, asylum regulations and jurisprudence, refugee admissions, Temporary Protection Status (TPS) designations, and the implementation of the United Nations Torture Convention.
The net effect of changes in employment-based immigration was a gain to both the business community and to immigrants under most categories. There was a virtual unanimous consent among lawmakers to increase the number of temporary H-1B specialty workers in the United States and to ameliorate some of the unintended consequences of previous legislation such as the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA).1 To accomplish these objectives, Congress enacted two significant pieces of immigration legislation late in the year: the American Competitiveness in the Twenty-First Century Act2 (AC21) and the Legal Immigration and Family Equity Act of 2000 (LIFE Act),3 as well as subsequent LIFE Act Amendments. Together, the new laws provide for a three-year increase in the H-1B visa cap, new rules allowing for “portability” and extensions of H-1B visa status, temporary restoration of the special adjustment of status provisions of former Immigration and Nationality Act4 (INA) § 245(i), and temporary nonimmigrant status for certain alien spouses and minor children of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents during the pendency of their green card processing.
In addition to these legislative developments, the executive branch and courts focused on an array of issues including permanent and temporary worker labor certifications, asylum claims, and implementation of the United Nations Torture Convention.
Evolution of Lyman Alpha Galaxies: Stellar Populations at z ~ 0.3
Creators: name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Cohen, Seth H.
name: Malhotra, Sangeeta
name: Rhoads, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a stellar population analysis of 30 Lyman alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) at z ~ 0.3, previously discovered with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). With a few exceptions, we can accurately fit model spectral energy distributions to these objects, representing the first time this has been done for a large sample of LAEs at z < 3, a gap of ~ 8 Gyr in the history of the Universe. From the 26/30 LAEs which we can fit, we find an age and stellar mass range of 200 Myr - 10 Gyr and 10^9 - 10^11 Msol, respectively. These objects thus appear to be significantly older and more massive than LAEs at high-redshift. We also find that these LAEs show a mild trend towards higher metallicity than those at high redshift, as well as a tighter range of dust attenuation and interstellar medium geometry. These results suggest that low-redshift LAEs have evolved significantly from those at high redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Replaced with accepted version. Eight pages, four figures, in emulateapj format
The gut microbiome in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Mirza, Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: A growing body of evidence points to the gut microbiota playing a role in immune-mediated, neurological disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). An important initial step to understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and MS is to compare the gut microbial community composition and metagenome in individuals with and without MS. In order to investigate the differences between the gut microbiome of MS patients and unaffected individuals, I conducted a systematic review of ten published articles from 2008-2018. The majority of studies found no difference in gut microbiota diversity, but consistent taxonomic differences were observed. To further investigate the MS microbiome, I conducted a case-control study using stool samples from individuals under the age of 22 with and without pediatric-onset MS who were enrolled in the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network. The study compared microbial taxonomy, gene annotations, metabolic pathways, and predicted metabolites in stool samples derived from metagenomic reads between MS cases and controls. I also assessed the relationship between diet, gut microbiota composition, and MS risk in the same population. The results of this dissertation showed subtle differences in individual taxa and functions between the gut microbiota of MS cases and controls. Additionally, a healthier diet rich in fiber was associated with a lower risk of MS and the MS-associated microbiota composition was also associated with aspects of diet. Overall, this research suggests that the gut microbiome plays a role in MS and that the potential interaction between diet and the gut microbiota is relevant in the development of MS. While gut microbiota diversity didn't significantly differ between MS cases and controls, we observed subtle differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa and functions. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal data collection are needed to both confirm findings and to verify interpretation of these findings. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota in MS may lead to the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for this debilitating disease.
New York Grand Juries: Rubber Stamp of ADA's Requests?
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: As the saying goes, in North Carolina you can indict a ham sandwich for the murder of a pig. In New York, the saying would be slightly different. It would say that any decent assistant district attorney (ADA) can get a jury to indict a ham sandwich because the grand jury institution has become an appendix of the ADA's office. The perceived grand jury weakness expounded here is its lack of agency, or capability of seeking legal advice, as it did in its pre-1970 era. This Article contends that because today legal advice is solely within the ADA's discretion all too often that advise is so cursorily presented that its sole effect is often to confuse rather than help jurors decipher the meaning of the law.
Additionally, because the grand jury's only source of legal information is only the office of the district attorney, this creates an upper-hand reliance and appearance of bias, though neither cases nor the existing literature seems to acknowledge it. Sometimes ADAs discharge their function perfunctorily and doing so they may inadvertently appear as attempting to manipulate jurors, who generally do not have specialized legal knowledge.
Holographic Dual of QCD from Black D5 Branes
Creators: name: Burrington, Benjamin A.
name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of probe D7 $\overline{\rm D7}$ flavor probe branes in the background of near extremal D5 branes. This model is a holographic dual to a gauge theory with spontaneous breaking of a $U(N_f)_L\times U(N_f)_R$ chiral symmetry. The spectrum of two such D7 $\overline{\rm D7}$ embeddings, contains a single massive 4D meson coming from the world volume U(1) gauge field, the pion, and a single massive 4D scalar meson coming from fluctuations of the embedding of the brane. In addition, there are continuum five dimensional states due to the finite height of the effective potential in the radial direction. We investigate baryons in this model, and find that the size is stabilized due to the Chern-Simons term in the D7 world volume action. The model admits a Hagedorn temperature of $\frac{1}{2πR}$ where $R$ is the radius parameter in the D5 branes metric. We investigate the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking in the deconfined phase as a function of the asymptotic separation of the branes $L$. We find that for $\fracπ{3}R
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
Doppler lidar measurements of oriented planar ice crystals falling from supercooled and glaciated layer clouds
Creators: name: Westbrook, C. D.
name: Illingworth, A. J.
name: O'Connor, E. J.
name: Hogan, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of planar ice crystals settling horizontally have been investigated using a vertically-pointing Doppler lidar. Strong specular reflections were observed from their oriented basal facets, identified by comparison with a second lidar pointing 4deg from zenith. Analysis of 17 months of continuous high-resolution observations reveal that these pristine crystals are frequently observed in ice falling from mid-level mixed-phase layer clouds (85% of the time for layers at -15C). Detailed analysis of a case study indicates that the crystals are nucleated and grow rapidly within the supercooled layer, then fall out, forming well-defined layers of specular reflection. From the lidar alone the fraction of oriented crystals cannot be quantified, but polarimetric radar measurements confirmed that a substantial fraction of the crystal population was well oriented. As the crystals fall into subsaturated air, specular reflection is observed to switch off as the crystal faces become rounded and lose their faceted structure. Specular reflection in ice falling from supercooled layers colder than -22C was also observed, but was much less pronounced than at warmer temperatures: we suggest that in cold clouds it is the small droplets in the distribution that freeze into plates and produce specular reflection, whilst larger droplets freeze into complex polycrystals. The lidar Doppler measurements show that typical fall speeds for the oriented crystals are 0.3m/s, with a weak temperature correlation; the corresponding Reynolds number is Re~10, in agreement with light-pillar measurements. Coincident Doppler radar observations show no correlation between the specular enhancement and eddy dissipation rate, indicating that turbulence does not control crystal orientation in these clouds.
description: revised manuscript for Q. J. Royal Met Soc
No Easy Answers
Creators: Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: History
Journalism

description: In his essay “No Exit” (March 20), David Greenberg dutifully points out some old and recent books whose endings seem “unpersuasive and unsupported by what came before.” And I disagree with his characterization of Walter Lippmann and his 1922 treatise “Public Opinion.”
Preserving and ensuring long-term access to digitally born legal
information
Creators: Rhodes, Sarah
Neacsu, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Electronic records--Law and legislation
Copyright
Public records--Access control
Electronic records--Conservation and restoration
Intellectual property
Information science
Library science

description: Written laws, records and legal materials form the very foundation of a democratic society. Lawmakers, legal scholars and everyday citizens alike need, and are entitled, to access the current and historic materials that comprise, explain, define, critique and contextualize their laws and legal institutions. The preservation of legal information in all formats is imperative. Thus far, the twenty-first century has witnessed unprecedented mass-scale acceptance and adoption of digital culture, which has resulted in an explosion in digital information. However, digitally born materials, especially those that are published directly and independently to the Web, are presently at an extremely high risk of permanent loss. Our legal heritage is no exception to this phenomenon, and efforts must be put forth to ensure that our current body of digital legal information is not lost. The authors explored the role of the United States law library community in the preservation of digital legal information. Through an online survey of state and academic law library directors, it was determined that those represented in the sample recognize that digitally born legal materials are at high risk for loss, yet their own digital preservation projects have primarily focused upon the preservation of digitized print materials, rather than digitally born materials. Digital preservation activities among surveyed libraries have been largely limited by a lack of funding, staffing and expertise; however, these barriers could be overcome by collaboration with other institutions, as well as participation in a large-scale regional or national digital preservation movement, which would allow for resource-sharing among participants. One such collaborative digital preservation program, the Chesapeake Project, is profiled in the article and explored as a collaborative effort that may be expanded upon or replicated by other institutions and libraries tackling the challenges of digital preservation.
Origin of the Mott Gap
Creators: name: Leigh, R. G.
name: Phillips, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show exactly that the only charged excitations that exist in the strong-coupling limit of the half-filled Hubbard model are gapped composite excitations generated by the dynamics of the charge $2e$ boson that appears upon explicit integration of the high-energy scale. At every momentum, such excitations have non-zero spectral weight at two distinct energy scales separated by the on-site repulsion $U$. The result is a gap in the spectrum for the composite excitations accompanied by a discontinuous vanishing of the density of states at the chemical potential when $U$ exceeds the bandwidth. Consequently, we resolve the long-standing problem of the cause of the charge gap in a half-filled band in the absence of symmetry breaking.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures: Expanded Published version
The case for the Universe to be a quantum black hole
Creators: name: Alfonso-Faus, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a necessary and sufficient condition for an object of any mass m to be a quantum black hole (q.b.h.): The product of the cosmological constant lambda and the Planck constant h, lambda and h corresponding to the scale defined by this q.b.h., must be of order one in a certain universal system of units. In this system the numerical values known for lambda are of order one in cosmology and about 10^122 for Planck scale. Proving that in this system the value of the cosmological h is of order one, while the value of h for the Planck scale is about 10^(-122), both scales satisfy the condition to be a q.b.h., i.e. lambda x h of order 1. In this sense the Universe is a q.b.h..We suggest that these objects, being q.b.h., give us the linkage between thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and general relativity, at least for the scale of a closed Universe and for the Planck scale. A mathematical transformation may refer these scales as corresponding to infinity (our universe) and zero (Planck universe), in a scale relativity sense.
description: 10 pages