cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violent Hard X-ray Variability of Mrk 421 Observed by NuSTAR in 2013 April
Creators: name: Paliya, Vaidehi S.
name: Bottcher, Markus
name: Diltz, Chris
name: Stalin, C. S.
name: Sahayanathan, S.
name: Ravikumar, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well studied blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421, $z$=0.031) was the subject of an intensive multi-wavelength campaign when it flared in 2013 April. The recorded X-ray and very high energy (VHE, E$>$100 GeV) $γ$-ray fluxes are the highest ever measured from this object. At the peak of the activity, it was monitored by the hard X-ray focusing telescope {\it Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array} ({\it NuSTAR}) and {\it Swift} X-Ray Telescope (XRT). In this work, we present a detailed variability analysis of {\it NuSTAR} and {\it Swift}-XRT observations of Mrk 421 during this flaring episode. We obtained the shortest flux doubling time of 14.01$\pm$5.03 minutes, which is the shortest hard X-ray (3$-$79 keV) variability ever recorded from Mrk 421 and is on the order of the light crossing time of the black hole's event horizon. A pattern of extremely fast variability events superposed on slowly varying flares is found in most of the {\it NuSTAR} observations. We suggest that these peculiar variability patterns may be explained by magnetic energy dissipation and reconnection in a fast moving compact emission region within the jet. Based on the fast variability, we derive a lower limit on the magnetic field strength of $B \ge 0.73 δ_1^{-2/3} \, ν_{19}^{1/3}$~G, where $δ_1$ is the Doppler factor in units of 10, and $ν_{19}$ is the characteristic X-ray synchrotron frequency in units of $10^{19}$~Hz.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal
title: The accuracy of ultrasound scanning in diagnosing acute appendicitis in a single centre
Creators: name: Kallas, Khaled
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Infection

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Acute appendicitis represents the most common surgical emergency. The diagnosis of appendicitis is made based on presenting history, physical examination and associated laboratory testing. Early appendicectomy has been the strategy for managing...
Explorable Mesh Deformation Subspaces from Unstructured Generative Models
Creators: name: Maesumi, Arman
name: Guerrero, Paul
name: Kim, Vladimir G.
name: Fisher, Matthew
name: Chaudhuri, Siddhartha
name: Aigerman, Noam
name: Ritchie, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exploring variations of 3D shapes is a time-consuming process in traditional 3D modeling tools. Deep generative models of 3D shapes often feature continuous latent spaces that can, in principle, be used to explore potential variations starting from a set of input shapes. In practice, doing so can be problematic: latent spaces are high dimensional and hard to visualize, contain shapes that are not relevant to the input shapes, and linear paths through them often lead to sub-optimal shape transitions. Furthermore, one would ideally be able to explore variations in the original high-quality meshes used to train the generative model, not its lower-quality output geometry. In this paper, we present a method to explore variations among a given set of landmark shapes by constructing a mapping from an easily-navigable 2D exploration space to a subspace of a pre-trained generative model. We first describe how to find a mapping that spans the set of input landmark shapes and exhibits smooth variations between them. We then show how to turn the variations in this subspace into deformation fields, to transfer those variations to high-quality meshes for the landmark shapes. Our results show that our method can produce visually-pleasing and easily-navigable 2D exploration spaces for several different shape categories, especially as compared to prior work on learning deformation spaces for 3D shapes.
description: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023, 15 pages
Interference of quantum critical excitations and soft diffusive modes in a disordered antiferromagnetic metal
Creators: name: Weiß, Philipp S.
name: Narozhny, Boris N.
name: Schmalian, Jörg
name: Wölfle, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the temperature-dependent quantum correction to conductivity due to the interplay of spin density fluctuations and weak disorder for a two-dimensional metal near an antiferromagnetic (AFM) quantum critical point. AFM spin density fluctuations carry large momenta around the ordering vector $\mathbf{Q}$ and, at lowest order of the spin-fermion coupling, only scatter electrons between "hot spots" of the Fermi surface which are connected by $\mathbf{Q}$. Earlier, it was seen that the quantum interference between AFM spin density fluctuations and soft diffusive modes of the disordered metal is suppressed, a consequence of the large-momentum scattering. The suppression of this interference results in a non-singular temperature dependence of the corresponding interaction correction to conductivity. However, at higher order of the spin-fermion coupling, electrons on the entire Fermi surface can be scattered successively by two spin density fluctuations and, in total, suffer a small momentum transfer. This higher-order process can be described by composite modes which carry small momenta. We show that the interference between formally subleading composite modes and diffusive modes generates singular interaction corrections which ultimately dominate over the non-singular first-order correction at low temperatures. We derive an effective low-energy theory from the spin-fermion model which includes the above-mentioned higher-order process implicitly and show that for weak spin-fermion coupling the small-momentum transfer is mediated by a composite propagator. Employing the conventional diagrammatic approach to impurity scattering, we find the correction $δσ\sim +\ln^2 T$ for temperatures above an exponentially small crossover scale.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Published version
title: Contribution of multimodal MRI in characterization of sonographically indeterminate ovarian masses
Creators: name: Ben Mabrouk, Asma
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Pelvis
subject: Oncology
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Staging
subject: Pathology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Ovarian tumors represent a panel of very heterogeneous structures ranging from the simple functional fluid cyst to the heterogeneous and vascular mass. Ovarian masses are a frequent pathology in gynecology, making preoperative differentiation of...
The role of inertia for the rotation of a nearly spherical particle in a general linear flow
Creators: name: Candelier, F.
name: Einarsson, J.
name: Lundell, F.
name: Mehlig, B.
name: Angilella, J. -R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the angular dynamics of a neutrally buoyant nearly spherical particle immersed in a steady general linear flow. The hydrodynamic torque acting on the particle is obtained by means of a reciprocal theorem, regular perturbation theory exploiting the small eccentricity of the nearly spherical particle, and assuming that inertial effects are small, but finite.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Spatial dynamics, thermalization, and gain clamping in a photon condensate
Creators: name: Keeling, Jonathan
name: Kirton, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the effects of pump-spot size and location on photon condensates. By exploring the inhomogeneous molecular excitation fraction, we make clear the relation between spatial equilibration, gain clamping and thermalization in a photon condensate. This provides a simple understanding of several recent experimental results. We find that as thermalization breaks down, gain clamping is imperfect, leading to "transverse spatial hole burning" and multimode condensation. This opens the possibility of engineering the gain profile to control the condensate structure.
description: Further extended, including new figures. Now 10 figures
title: Development and evaluation of a semi-automated segmentation tool and a modified ellipsoid formula for volumetric analysis of the kidney in non-contrast T2-weighted MR images
Creators: name: Seuss, Hannes
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Segmentation
subject: MR
subject: Kidney
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is rising, especially in developed countries. The costs for treatment are a constant challenge for public healthcare [1-5]. There is an urgent need for fast, reliable and cheap biomarkers for the evaluation...
Singapore’s Policy Advancement Paradox: Online Political Participation under Authoritarianism
Creators: name: Pratico, Logan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Autocratic regimes have undergone profound political changes in the past decade as the digital revolution unfolds. At the start of the 2010s, the fall of autocratic governments through peaceful revolution in the Middle East led scholars to believe that social media would act as a tool facilitating democratic empowerment and challenging autocratic governance. However, despite this belief, the world has become definitively more authoritarian as the decade closes. Sites that previously appeared to empower citizens in a decentralized fashion are now being utilized by governments to consolidate power. This thesis explores how the Singaporean People's Action Party is able to utilize sites that appear to embody characteristics of democracy- namely increased participation and mobilization- to advance autocratic public policy. Exploring three popular websites in Singapore- The Straits Times Online Mobile Print, The Straits Times, and Change.org- this thesis proposes several ways in which the People's Action Party is able to control the narrative of popular support for government policy without engaging in overt censorship or otherwise explicitly controlling the Internet.
Time evolution of the anisotropies of the hydrodynamically expanding sQGP
Creators: name: Bagoly, Attila
name: Csanad, Mate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high energy heavy ion collisions of RHIC and LHC, a strongly interacting quark gluon plasma (sQGP) is created. This medium undergoes a hydrodynamic evolution, before it freezes out to form a hadronic matter. The initial state of the sQGP is determined by the initial distribution of the participating nucleons and their interactions. Due to the finite number of nucleons, the initial distribution fluctuates on an event-by-event basis. The transverse plane anisotropy of the initial state can be translated into a series of anisotropy coefficients or eccentricities: second, third, fourth-order anisotropy etc. These anisotropies then evolve in time, and result in measurable momentum-space anisotropies, to be measured with respect to their respective symmetry planes. In this paper we investigate the time evolution of the anisotropies. With a numerical hydrodynamic code, we analyze how the speed of sound and viscosity influence this evolution.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the Gribov-85 Memorial Workshop's proceedings volume. Supported by OTKA NK 101438
title: Preoperative Axillary Staging in Breast-Cancer Patients: Can Ultrasound and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Accurately Select Patients For Axillary Clearance? A Retrospective Analysis of 1025 Consecutive Cases.
Creators: name: Bekhouche, Asma
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Oncology
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Metastases

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To compare: performances of physical examination (PE), ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US/FNAC), clinico-pathological factors between patients with positive US and US/FNAC versus metastatic sentinel lymph node biopsy...
A Carleson type inequality for fully nonlinear elliptic equations with non-Lipschitz drift term
Creators: name: Avelin, Benny
name: Julin, Vesa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the boundary behavior of solutions of certain fully nonlinear equations with a general drift term. We elaborate on the non-homogeneous generalized Harnack inequality proved by the second author in (Julin, ARMA -15), to prove a generalized Carleson estimate. We also prove boundary Hölder continuity and a boundary Harnack type inequality.
(103307) Jane Morrison Leburn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: CT findings in intravenous drug users with a new diagnosis of HIV infection and fever, in Athens, Greece
Creators: name: Gialeli, Eleni
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: AIDS
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Head and neck
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: An epidemic of new HIV infections among intravenous drug users (IVDU) has been recorded in Athens, Greece, during the last few years due to the financial crisis. Our aim was to prospectively study the CT findings in newly diagnosed HIV-infected...
The effects of intra-CeA PARP-1 inhibition on cocaine reinstatement
Creators: name: Brickner, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Currently, there are no FDA-approved treatments for cocaine or psychostimulant use disorders, compounding the need for the development of effective interventions. The DNA repair enzyme and transcription regulator, Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP-1), is activated by cocaine and contributes to mechanisms of cocaine action in the brain (Dash et al., 2017; Lax et al., 2017; Scobie et al., 2014). While it is known that inhibition of PARP-1 with the compound PJ34 within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) reduces cocaine conditioned place preference (Lax et al., 2017), the effects of PARP-1 inhibition on cocaine relapse after cessation of self-administration have not been investigated. Accordingly, the goal of this project was to test the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 in the CeA would inhibit cocaine seeking in the rat reinstatement model of cocaine addiction. Results indicate that while vehicle-treated rats significantly reinstated over extinction baseline, PJ34-treated rats did not, suggesting an inhibitory effect of CeA PARP-1 inhibition against reinstatement. Future studies will better inform the involvement of CeA PARP-1 in cocaine seeking, and guide future research toward PARP-1 as a candidate pharmacotherapeutic intervention for cocaine use disorders.
CAPABLE D3.4: Computer-Interpretable Guidelines
Creators: name: Quaglini, Silvana
name: Panzarasa, Silvia
name: Sacchi, Lucia
name: Leizer, Roy
name: Cornet, Ronald
name: Glaser, Savannah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: clinical practice guidelines
computer-interpretable guidelines
guideline modeling

description: In this deliverable, we describe the knowledge engineering process used to formalize the clinical practice guidelines implemented in CAPABLE. More precisely the following steps will be illustrated: Choice of the guidelines - selecting the most compatible guidelines for the system. Text processing mechanism - detecting recommendations and translating them into a set of computer-interpretable rules. Analysis of each recommendation - detecting what raw data type was involved, which vocabulary is mostly suitable for coding, and what abstractions need to be performed on this raw data. This allows for achieving clearer representation, at the same time producing reusable pieces of knowledge. The detected raw data also represents the minimum data set needed by the CAPABLE DSS (Decision Support System), so this step has been fundamental for the development of other CAPABLE components. Translation of each recommendation into a set of computer-interpretable rules, organization of rules into a logical flow, and their representation using the Composer tool, i.e., the authoring tool developed by one of the project partners. In this step, adaptations have been implemented to allow smooth guideline implementation in different healthcare settings. Validation of the represented knowledge by simulating realistic clinical scenarios (oncologists have been involved in this phase). Particular attention has been put to multimorbidity management, since running guidelines for different pathologies may lead to contradictory recommendations, which must be resolved Handover to the implementation team and refinement iterations with the team itself. The deliverable will then provide the actual description of the formalized guidelines, through a set of flowcharts, and links to their representation in Composer.
description: This deliverable is a part of a project receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 875052
Generalized slave-particle method for extended Hubbard models
Creators: name: Georgescu, Alexandru B.
name: Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a set of generalized slave-particle models for extended Hubbard models that treat localized electronic correlations using slave-boson decompositions. Our models automatically include two slave-particle methods of recent interest, the slave-rotor and slave-spin methods, as well as a ladder of new intermediate models where one can choose which of the electronic degrees of freedom (e.g., spin or orbital labels) are treated as correlated degrees of freedom by the slave bosons. In addition, our method removes the aberrant behavior of the slave-rotor model at weak correlation strength by removing the contribution of unphysical states from the bosonic Hilbert space. The flexibility of our formalism permits one to separate and isolate the effect of correlations on the key degrees of freedom.
(103309) Margaret Fenton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Time-Dependent Grid for Simulations of Binary Neutron Star Ejecta
Creators: name: Roark Habegger
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Heavy r-process elements have been observed in the spectra of binary neutron star merger ejecta, suggesting that neutron star mergers are sites for the r-process. The dynamical and chemical evolution of the ejecta is thought to be highly asymmetric, with possible consequences on the chemical enrichment of the ambient interstellar gas. To better understand this evolution, I performed computational hydrodynamic simulations to examine how the merger ejecta expands into the ambient interstellar medium. I implemented an expanding grid in the Athena++ magneto-hydrodynamic ﬂuid grid solver to study the ejecta’s evolution from immediately after shock formation. This addition allows the examination of multiple stages of the ejecta’s lifetime.
Framework for Question-Answering in Sanskrit through Automated Construction of Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Terdalkar, Hrishikesh
name: Bhattacharya, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sanskrit (sa\d{m}sk\d{r}ta) enjoys one of the largest and most varied literature in the whole world. Extracting the knowledge from it, however, is a challenging task due to multiple reasons including complexity of the language and paucity of standard natural language processing tools. In this paper, we target the problem of building knowledge graphs for particular types of relationships from sa\d{m}sk\d{r}ta texts. We build a natural language question-answering system in sa\d{m}sk\d{r}ta that uses the knowledge graph to answer factoid questions. We design a framework for the overall system and implement two separate instances of the system on human relationships from mahābhārata and rāmāya\d{n}a, and one instance on synonymous relationships from bhāvaprakāśa nigha\d{n}\d{t}u, a technical text from āyurveda. We show that about 50% of the factoid questions can be answered correctly by the system. More importantly, we analyse the shortcomings of the system in detail for each step, and discuss the possible ways forward.
description: Accepted at 6th International Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Symposium (ISCLS) 2019
Hawking Evaporation Time Scale of Topological Black Holes in Anti-de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently pointed out that if an absorbing boundary condition is imposed at infinity, an asymptotically anti-de Sitter Schwarzschild black hole with a spherical horizon takes only a finite amount of time to evaporate away even if its initial mass is arbitrarily large. We show that this is a rather generic property in AdS spacetimes: regardless of their horizon topologies, neutral AdS black holes in general relativity take about the same amount of time to evaporate down to the same size of order L, the AdS length scale. Our discussion focuses on the case in which the black hole has toral event horizon. A brief comment is made on the hyperbolic case, i.e. for black holes with negatively curved horizons.
description: Published version
title: FDG PET/CT of foreign bodies: the great tumor mimickers
Creators: name: Gelezhe, Pavel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: PET-CT
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The problem of retaining foreign bodies after surgical interventions in oncological patients is increasing. We discuss main radiological features of foreign bodies at FDG PET/CT imaging with pathologic correlation and differential diagnosis with...
title: Study of relationship between residual gastric volume and weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Creators: name: Emara, Doaa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was introduced for the management of obese patients as a first step before other techniques as gastric bypass and duodenal switch. Yet in the last years after satisfactory results of LSG in weight...
A Discourse on the Traffic in Spirituous Liquors Delivered in the Center Church, New Haven, February 6, 1838
Creators: name: Bacon, Leonard
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1838

description: This pamphlet contains a printed copy of an address delivered in the Center Church in New Haven, CT, on February 6, 1838. The speech covers existing temperance laws within the state of Connecticut, with an emphasis on what the author views as their moral shortcomings.
(103303) Ellen Charlotte Connolly
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
NGOs and Land Tenure in Tanzania: Agents of Human Rights and Gendering Land Reform
Creators: name: Whitenack, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: This thesis seeks to identify the role of NGOs in promoting women's land rights in Tanzania. I engage with debates about human rights theory and international human rights law by highlighting responsibility, capability, and cultural legitimacy schools and feminist critiques. My research examines the gendered history of land reform in Tanzania and analyzes original interviews with NGO and university professionals. I find that NGOs are agents that promote human rights in the context of women's land rights in Tanzania.
title: Acoustic Impedance Causing an Echogenic Interface: Rethinking Its Limitations and Harnessing Its Diagnostic Utility. Case examples with Multimodality Correlation
Creators: name: Lim, Kheng
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Perception image
subject: Physics
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Artifacts
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To provide brief review of ultrasound physics pertaining to acoustic shadowing. To demonstrate the utility of echogenic interface causing acoustic shadowing through case examples. To impart teaching points of how to arrive at a diagnosis on...
(103305) Alfred Pattullo
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
QArchSearch: A Scalable Quantum Architecture Search Package
Creators: name: Kulshrestha, Ankit
name: Lykov, Danylo
name: Safro, Ilya
name: Alexeev, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current era of quantum computing has yielded several algorithms that promise high computational efficiency. While the algorithms are sound in theory and can provide potentially exponential speedup, there is little guidance on how to design proper quantum circuits to realize the appropriate unitary transformation to be applied to the input quantum state. In this paper, we present \texttt{QArchSearch}, an AI based quantum architecture search package with the \texttt{QTensor} library as a backend that provides a principled and automated approach to finding the best model given a task and input quantum state. We show that the search package is able to efficiently scale the search to large quantum circuits and enables the exploration of more complex models for different quantum applications. \texttt{QArchSearch} runs at scale and high efficiency on high-performance computing systems using a two-level parallelization scheme on both CPUs and GPUs, which has been demonstrated on the Polaris supercomputer.
Warum das Oshtoran-Syndrom (H63D-Syndrom Typ-3) brandgefährlich ist
Creators: name: Diamandis, Carolina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Dieser grundlegende Vortrag von Prof. Dr. Diamandis zeigt, daß ihre aktuellen Forschungen (2024) zum H63D-Syndrom und speziell zum Oshtoran-Syndrom (H63D-Syndrome Typ-3) auf medizinischen Konzepten wie NTBI, Hypersympathikotonie und PDH-Zytopathie beruhen, die seit Jahrzehnten in der Fachliteratur anerkannt sind. Sie warnt eindringlich vor Fehlern, die in Bezug auf NTBI-Eisen weiterhin Tag für Tag geschehen und die Gesundheit vieler Patienten gefährden.
Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts Prompt Emission
Creators: name: Pe'er, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, our understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) prompt emission has been revolutionized, due to a combination of new instruments, new analysis methods and novel ideas. In this review, I describe the most recent observational results and the current theoretical interpretation. Observationally, a major development is the rise of time-resolved spectral analysis. These led to (I) identification of a distinguished high energy component, with GeV photons often seen at a delay; and (II) firm evidence for the existence of a photospheric (thermal) component in a large number of bursts. These results triggered many theoretical efforts aimed at understanding the physical conditions in the inner jet regions from which the prompt photons are emitted, as well as the spectral diversity observed. I highlight some areas of active theoretical research. These include: (I) understanding the role played by magnetic fields in shaping the dynamics of GRB outflow and spectra; (II) understanding the microphysics of kinetic and magnetic energy transfer, namely accelerating particle to high energies in both shock waves and magnetic reconnection layers; (III) understanding how sub-photospheric energy dissipation broadens the "Planck" spectrum; and (IV) geometrical light aberration effects. I highlight some of these efforts, and point towards gaps that still exist in our knowledge as well as promising directions for the future.
description: Invited review, to be published in special issue on "GRB in Swift and Fermi Era" in Journal of Advances in Astronomy
Mean and Variance Adjustment of the Average Control Chart by Shape Parameter Using Bayesian Estimation of the Inverse Gaussian Distribution
Creators: name: Kittisak Jangphanish
Publisher: name: King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Year: 2019
Subjects: Adjusted, Bayesian Estimation, shape parameter, Inverse Gaussian Distribution

description: Current Applied Science and Technology, 19, 2, 190-199
title: Vertical gastric sleeve: diagnosis with contrast upeer gastrointestinal series.
Creators: name: Forner, Juana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: eLearning
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - Describe the systematic approach of a UGS in patients with gastric sleeve intervention. - Design a model of measurement of the gastric remnant that can be reproductible, so we can predict a late cause of weight gain. - Explain the different...
(103300) William Edward Gordon Hemming
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
La Dolce Vita: Imagining Escapism, Passion and Self-Growth in American Films set in Italy
Creators: name: Sowers, Savannah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Italy: a place known for its long-standing history, rich culture, and beautiful landscapes. Our perception of the country, as well as its people, has been shaped over the last couple of centuries by a variety of factors, ranging from the experiences of Italian immigrants to the association of them with mobster-related incidents through various media platforms, such as news media, film, and TV series. Cinema specifically has played a big role in our perception of Italians and their culture. In recent decades, however, Italy has become a reoccurring backdrop in the depiction of extravagant and passion-filled lifestyles, also known as la dolce vita, or the sweet life. While various factors have led to the proliferation and growing glorification of la dolce vita, my thesis will examine the recent glorification of Italy and Italian culture in films, through the themes of Italy as an escape mechanism, Italy as an incubator for passion, impulsion and indulgence, and Italy as a place for self-growth, all of which are related to this idealization, and the contributing factors behind them. Within my analysis, I will also explore the impact that tourism has played in such ethnic marketing.
title: Use of ADC values in monitoring the response to chemotherapy in rectal cancer with histopathological correlation
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Abhinav
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Oncology
subject: MR physics
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: - To calculate the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value of primary rectal carcinoma lesions. - To evaluate the change in ADC values post concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treatment. - To see if there is any difference in response of various...
Towards Foundation Models for Materials Science: The Open MatSci ML Toolkit
Creators: name: Lee, Kin Long Kelvin
name: Gonzales, Carmelo
name: Spellings, Matthew
name: Galkin, Mikhail
name: Miret, Santiago
name: Kumar, Nalini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial intelligence and machine learning have shown great promise in their ability to accelerate novel materials discovery. As researchers and domain scientists seek to unify and consolidate chemical knowledge, the case for models with potential to generalize across different tasks within materials science - so-called "foundation models" - grows with ambitions. This manuscript reviews our recent progress with development of Open MatSci ML Toolkit, and details experiments that lay the groundwork for foundation model research and development with our framework. First, we describe and characterize a new pretraining task that uses synthetic data generated from symmetry operations, and reveal complex training dynamics at large scales. Using the pretrained model, we discuss a number of use cases relevant to foundation model development: semantic architecture of datasets, and fine-tuning for property prediction and classification. Our key results show that for simple applications, pretraining appears to provide worse modeling performance than training models from random initialization. However, for more complex instances, such as when a model is required to learn across multiple datasets and types of targets simultaneously, the inductive bias from pretraining provides significantly better performance. This insight will hopefully inform subsequent efforts into creating foundation models for materials science applications.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted paper/presentation at the AI4Science workshop at Super Computing '23
(103302) Francis MacNaghten
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Colliding shock waves and hydrodynamics in small systems
Creators: name: Chesler, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical holography, we study the collision of a planar sheet of energy with a bounded localized distribution of energy. The collision, which mimics proton-nucleus collisions, produces a localized lump of debris with transverse size $R \sim 1/T_{\rm eff}$ with $T_{\rm eff}$ the effective temperature, and has large gradients and large transverse flow. Nevertheless, the postcollision evolution is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Our results bolster the notion that debris produced in proton-nucleus collisions may be modeled using hydrodynamics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Typos corrected, minor improvements, published version
g-mode asteroseismology meets open clusters
Creators: name: Fritzewski, Dario
name: Li, Gang
name: Van Reeth, Timothy
name: Aerts, Conny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Open clusters, as stellar ensembles, allow us to probe stars of common age and composition across a range of masses. With the Gaia and TESS missions, we are now in a position to combine asteroseismology and open cluster studies to advance both fields. Gaia provides accurate open cluster memberships, including stars at large distances from the cluster centre, while TESS delivers nearly full-sky time-series photometry for these stars. TESS’s mission duration, spanning now over five years, renders all observed open clusters viable targets for g-mode asteroseismology. The long time baseline allows us to observe and identify period spacing patterns in g-mode pulsators, enabling thorough asteroseismic exploration and modelling. Due to their properties as homogenous stellar populations, open clusters serve as independent calibrators for asteroseismology, in particular for age dating, but also to probe internal mixing and angular momentum transport across stellar evolution. The unique combination of coeval stars of different masses in open clusters allows to combine previously independent methods with g-mode asteroseismology. We illustrate the synergies between open cluster studies and asteroseismology, focusing on various case studies of open clusters observed with TESS. Furthermore, we highlight how our advanced understanding of open clusters from Gaia can help asteroseismic explorations.
title: Utility of diffusion weighted imaging in peritoneal carcinomatosis. What the surgical oncologist wants to know.
Creators: name: de la Calle Lorenzo, Javier
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Structured reporting
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Oncology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To illustraste the features of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and conventional MRI sequences of peritoneal carcinomatosis To explainits utility in the asessment of preoperative peritoneal cancer index (PCI) and surveillance To be aware of the...
(103304) Louisa Howard
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Validation of the zonal model for an Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Cargo Fire Protection System with containerized load
Creators: name: Arnav Pathak
name: Pschirer, Marie
name: Kienberger, Max
name: Norrefeldt, Victor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Validation of the zonal model for an Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Cargo Fire Protection System with containerized load
title: Klatskin tumor role of imaging in the diagnosis
Creators: name: Medkour, Khalid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dilatation
subject: Congenital
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Klatskin tumor is a malignant tumor developed at the expense epithelium of the bile ducts. Klatskin tumor is peri-hilaire cholangiocarcinoma. 14% of primary malignant tumors of the liver. 1.5% of digestif cancers. 60 year old man. Surgery alone...
Investigating the Influences of Biological Variation on Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation
Creators: name: Ellie Hadden-Ford
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The human cerebral cortex is uniquely expanded in surface area, cortical thickness, and overall volume, and this expansion is thought to underlie the unique cognitive abilities of humans (Rakic 2006). In fact, patients with neuropsychiatric illnesses such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or autism have been shown to have cortical surface area differences as compared to neurotypical controls (Schmall, Hibar, Sämann et al. 2017, Boedhoe, Schmaal, Abe et al. 2017; Piven, Elison, & Zylka 2017; van Erp, Walton, Hibar et al. 2018). Therefore, understanding what factors influence the surface area of the brain can lead to a better understanding of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The radial unit hypothesis proposes that increased proliferation of neural progenitor cells causes increased cortical surface area through an increase in radial columns (Rakic 1995). This study aims to elucidate biological factors that influence the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Cell lines generated from 71 unique donated fetal cortical tissue sections were grown, stained for the proliferative marker Ki67, and percentage of proliferative cells was quantified with automated image analysis. After controlling for technical factors, neither gestation week nor sex of the donor was significantly related to the proportion of proliferative cells (p=0.473, p=0.237). Data from this study can be used in many future analyses, including genome-wide association studies to find common genetic variation that is significantly associated with proliferation rate, and whether these genetic variants are related to genetic variation that has been found to influence cortical surface area or risk for neuropsychiatric illness.