cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mean-Lagrangian formalism and covariance of fluid turbulence
Creators: name: Ariki, Taketo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mean-field-based Lagrangian framework is developed for the fluid turbulence theory. The space- time vector flow is naturally introduced from the mean velocity, which provides the Lagrangian picture based on the mean field in totally equivalent manner to that of the instantaneous field. The proposed framework is applied, on one hand, to one-point closure model, yielding an objective expression of the turbulence visco-elastic effect. Application to two-point closure, on the other hand, is also discussed, where natural extension of known Lagrangian correlation is discovered on the basis of extended covariance group.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Tracking the Digital Footprints to Scholarly Articles from Social Media
Creators: name: Wang, Xianwen
name: Fang, Zhichao
name: Guo, Xinhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scholarly articles are discussed and shared on social media, which generates altmetrics. On the opposite side, what is the impact of social media on the dissemination of scholarly articles and how to measure it? What are the visiting patterns? Investigating these issues, the purpose of this study is to seek a solution to fill the research gap, specifically, to explore the dynamic visiting patterns directed by social media, and examine the effects of social buzz on the article visits. Using the unique real referral data of 110 scholarly articles, which are daily updated in a 90-day period, this paper proposes a novel method to make analysis. We find that visits from social media are fast to accumulate but decay rapidly. Twitter and Facebook are the two most important social referrals that directing people to scholarly articles, the two are about the same and account for over 95% of the total social referral directed visits. There is synchronism between tweets and tweets resulted visits. Social media and open access are playing important roles in disseminating scholarly articles and promoting public understanding science, which are confirmed quantitatively for the first time with real data in this study.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, Scientometrics, 2016
Exact results for the behavior of the thermodynamic Casimir force in a model with a strong adsorption
Creators: name: Dantchev, Daniel M
name: Vassilev, Vassil M
name: Djondjorov, Peter A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When massless excitations are limited or modified by the presence of material bodies one observes a force acting between them generally called Casimir force. Such excitations are present in any fluid system close to its true bulk critical point. We derive exact analytical results for both the temperature and external ordering field behavior of the thermodynamic Casimir force within the mean-field Ginzburg-Landau Ising type model of a simple fluid or binary liquid mixture. We investigate the case when under a film geometry the boundaries of the system exhibit strong adsorption onto one of the phases (components) of the system. We present analytical and numerical results for the (temperature-field) relief map of the force in both the critical region of the film close to its finite-size or bulk critical points as well as in the capillary condensation regime below but close to the finite-size critical point.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1603.08435
Maximal operators of exotic and non-exotic Laguerre and other semigroups associated with classical orthogonal expansions
Creators: name: Nowak, Adam
name: Sjögren, Peter
name: Szarek, Tomasz Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C10 (Primary) 42C05, 42C99 (Secondary)

description: Classical settings of discrete and continuous orthogonal expansions, like Laguerre, Bessel and Jacobi, are associated with second order differential operators playing the role of the Laplacian. These depend on certain parameters of type that are usually restricted to a half-line, or a product of half-lines if higher dimensions are considered. Following earlier research done by Hajmirzaahmad, we deal in this paper with Laplacians in the above-mentioned contexts with no restrictions on the type parameters and bring to attention naturally associated orthogonal systems that in fact involve the classical ones, but are different. This reveals new frameworks related to classical orthogonal expansions and thus new potentially rich research areas, at least from the harmonic analysis perspective. To support the last claim we focus on maximal operators of multi-dimensional Laguerre, Bessel and Jacobi semigroups, with unrestricted type parameters, and prove that they satisfy weak type (1,1) estimates with respect to the appropriate measures. Generally, these measures are not (locally) finite, which makes a contrast with the classical situations and generates new difficulties. An important partial result of the paper is a new proof of the weak type (1,1) estimate for the classical multi-dimensional Laguerre semigroup maximal operator.
Strichartz estimate and nonlinear Klein-Gordon on non-trapping scattering space
Creators: name: Zhang, Junyong
name: Zheng, Jiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q75

description: We study the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation on a product space $M=\R\times X$ with metric $\tilde{g}=dt^2-g$ where $g$ is the scattering metic on $X$. We establish the global-in-time Strichartz estimate for Klein-Gordon equation without loss of derivative by using the microlocalized spectral measure of Laplacian on scattering manifold showed in \cite{HZ} and a Littlewood-Paley squarefunction estimate proved in \cite{Zhang}. We prove the global existence and scattering for a family of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations for small initial data with minimum regularity on this setting.
description: 24 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.4564
Discretization of the density matrix as a nonlinear positive map and entanglement
Creators: name: López-Saldívar, Julio A.
name: Figueroa, Armando
name: Castaños, Octavio
name: López--Peña, Ramón
name: Man'ko, Margarita A.
name: Man'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discretization of the density matrix is proposed as a nonlinear positive map for systems with continuous variables. This procedure is used to calculate the entanglement between two modes through different criteria, such as Tsallis entropy, von Neumann entropy and linear entropy and the logarithmic negativity. As an example, we study the dynamics of entanglement for the two-mode squeezed vacuum state in the parametric amplifier and show good agreement with the analytic results. The loss of information on the system state due to the discretization of the density matrix is also addressed.
Stellar variability in open clusters. II. Discovery of a new period-luminosity relation in a class of fast-rotating pulsating stars in NGC 3766
Creators: name: Mowlavi, N.
name: Saesen, S.
name: Semaan, T.
name: Eggenberger, P.
name: Barblan, F.
name: Eyer, L.
name: Ekström, S.
name: Georgy, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $Context.$ Pulsating stars are windows to the physics of stars enabling us to see glimpses of their interior. Not all stars pulsate, however. On the main sequence, pulsating stars form an almost continuous sequence in brightness, except for a magnitude range between $δ$ Scuti and slowly pulsating B stars. Against all expectations, 36 periodic variables were discovered in 2013 in this luminosity range in the open cluster NGC 3766, the origins of which was a mystery. $Aims.$ We investigate the properties of those new variability class candidates in relation to their stellar rotation rates and stellar multiplicity. $Methods.$ We took multi-epoch spectra over three consecutive nights using ESO's Very Large Telescope. $Results.$ We find that the majority of the new variability class candidates are fast-rotating pulsators that obey a new period-luminosity relation. We argue that the new relation discovered here has a different physical origin to the period-luminosity relations observed for Cepheids. $Conclusions.$ We anticipate that our discovery will boost the relatively new field of stellar pulsation in fast-rotating stars, will open new doors for asteroseismology, and will potentially offer a new tool to estimate stellar ages or cosmic distances.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Gaussian benchmark for optical communication aiming towards ultimate capacity
Creators: name: Lee, Jaehak
name: Ji, Se-Wan
name: Park, Jiyong
name: Nha, Hyunchul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the fundamental limit of communication capacity within Gaussian schemes under phase-insensitive Gaussian channels, which employ multimode Gaussian states for encoding and collective Gaussian operations and measurements for decoding. We prove that this Gaussian capacity is additive, i.e., its upper bound occurs with separable encoding and separable receivers so that a single-mode communication suffices to achieve the largest capacity under Gaussian schemes. This rigorously characterizes the gap between the ultimate Holevo capacity and the capacity within Gaussian communication, showing that Gaussian regime is not sufficient to achieve the Holevo bound particularly in the low-photon regime. Furthermore the Gaussian benchmark established here can be used to critically assess the performance of non-Gaussian protocols for optical communication. We move on to identify non-Gaussian schemes to beat the Gaussian capacity and show that a non-Gaussian receiver recently implemented by Becerra et al. [Nat. Photon. 7, 147 (2013)] can achieve this aim with an appropriately chosen encoding strategy.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, with supplemental material
Dual Chain Perturbation theory: A new equation of state for polyatomic molecules
Creators: name: Marshall, Bennett D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the development of equations of state for polyatomic molecules, thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) is widely used to calculate the change in free energy due to chain formation. TPT is a simplification of a more general and exact multi-density cluster expansion for associating fluids. In TPT all contributions to the cluster expansion which contain chain - chain interactions are neglected. That is, all inter-chain interactions are treated at the reference fluid level. This allows for the summation of the cluster theory in terms of reference system correlation functions only. While highly successful, TPT has many handicaps which result from the neglect of chain - chain interactions. The subject of this document is to move beyond the limitations of TPT, and included chain - chain contributions to the equation of state.
Structure of charmed baryons studied by pionic decays
Creators: name: Nagahiro, Hideko
name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
name: Oka, Makoto
name: Noumi, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the decays of the charmed baryons aiming at the systematic understanding of hadron internal structures based on the quark model by paying attention to heavy quark symmetry. We evaluate the decay widths from the one pion emission for the known excited states, Λ_c^*(2595), Λ_c^*(2625), Λ_c^*(2765), Λ_c^*(2880) and Λ_c^*(2940), as well as for the ground states Σ_c(2455) and Σ_c^*(2520). The decay properties of the lower excited charmed baryons are well explained, and several important predictions for higher excited baryons are given. We find that the axial-vector type coupling of the pion to the light quarks is essential, which is expected from chiral symmetry, to reproduce the decay widths especially of the low lying Λ_c^* baryons. We emphasize the importance of the branching ratios of Γ(Σ_c^*π)/Γ(Σ_cπ) for the study of the nature of higher excited Λ_c^* baryons.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 11 tables
Pick interpolation on the polydisc: small families of sufficient kernels
Creators: name: Bharali, Gautam
name: Chandel, Vikramjeet Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 32A25, 46E20, Secondary: 32A38, 46J15

description: We give a solution to Pick's interpolation problem on the unit polydisc in $\mathbb{C}^n$, $n\geq 2$, by characterizing all interpolation data that admit a $\mathbb{D}$-valued interpolant, in terms of a family of positive-definite kernels parametrized by a class of polynomials. This uses a duality approach that has been associated with Pick interpolation, together with some approximation theory. Furthermore, we use duality methods to understand the set of points on the $n$-torus at which the boundary values of a given solution to an extremal interpolation problem are not unimodular.
description: 20 pages
Leading corrections to local approximations II (with turning points)
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Raphael F.
name: Burke, Kieron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum corrections to Thomas-Fermi (TF) theory are investigated for noninteracting one-dimensional fermions with known uniform semiclassical approximations to the density and kinetic energy. Their structure is analyzed, and contributions from distinct phase space regions (classically-allowed versus forbidden at the Fermi energy) are derived analytically. Universal formulas are derived for both particle numbers and energy components in each region. For example, in the semiclassical limit, exactly 1/(6\pi3^{1/2}) of a particle leaks into the evanescent region beyond a turning point. The correct normalization of semiclassical densities is proven analytically in the semiclassical limit. Energies and densities are tested numerically in a variety of one-dimensional potentials, especially in the limit where TF theory becomes exact. The subtle relation between the pointwise accuracy of the semiclassical approximation and integrated expectation values is explored. The limitations of the semiclassical formulas are also investigated when the potential varies too rapidly. The approximations are shown to work for multiple wells, except right at the mid-phase point of the evanescent regions. The implications for density functional approximations are discussed.
Explosive magnetorotational instability in Keplerian disks
Creators: name: Shtemler, Yu.
name: Liverts, E.
name: Mond, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differentially rotating disks under the effect of axial magnetic field are prone to a nonlinear explosive magnetorotational instability (EMRI). The dynamic equations that govern the temporal evolution of the amplitudes of three weakly-detuned resonantly interacting modes are derived. As distinct from exponential growth in the strict resonance triads EMRI occurs due to the resonant interactions of a MRI mode with stable Alfvén-Coriolis and magnetosonic modes. Numerical solutions of the dynamic equations for amplitudes of a triad indicate that two types of perturbations behavior can be excited for resonance conditions: (i) EMRI which leads to infinite values of the three amplitudes within a finite time, and (ii) bounded irregular oscillations of all three amplitudes. Asymptotic explicit solutions of the dynamic equations are obtained for EMRI regimes and are shown to match the numerical solutions near the explosion time.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.06339
An Approach to Injective Acts over Monoids Based on Indecomposability
Creators: name: Sedaghatjoo, Mojtaba
name: Naghipoor, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M50, 20M30

description: The main purpose of this paper is investigating classes of acts that are injective relative to all embeddings with indecomposable domains or codomains. We give some homological classifications of monoids in light of such kinds of injectivity. Our approach to indecomposable property provides a new characterization of right absolutely injective monoids as ones that all indecomposable acts are injective.
description: 13 pages
Metadata of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau research during 1990–2020
Creators: name: Yang, Jianping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: 3162 documQinghai-Tibets (1990–2020) of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau research from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Search Criteria: (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau* OR Tibetan Plateau OR Qing-Zang Plateau). Articles, proceedings papers, reviews, and letters were part of the collected documents; notes, corrections, meeting abstracts, and book reviews were excluded.
Starbursts and dusty tori in distant 3CR radio galaxies
Creators: name: Podigachoski, P.
name: Rocca-Volmerange, B.
name: Barthel, P. D.
name: Drouart, G.
name: Fioc, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the complete ultraviolet to submillimetre spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of twelve 3CR radio galaxy hosts in the redshift range $1.0 < z < 2.5$, which were all detected in the far-infrared by the Herschel Space Observatory. The study employs the new spectro-chemical evolutionary code PÉGASE.3, in combination with recently published clumpy AGN torus models. We uncover the properties of the massive host galaxy stellar populations, the AGN torus luminosities, and the properties of the recent starbursts, which had earlier been inferred in these objects from their infrared SEDs. The PÉGASE.3 fitting yields very luminous (up to 10$^{13}$L$_{\odot}$) young stellar populations with ages of several hundred million years in hosts with masses exceeding 10$^{11}$M$_{\odot}$. Dust masses are seen to increase with redshift, and a surprising correlation -- or better upper envelope behaviour -- is found between the AGN torus luminosity and the starburst luminosity, as revealed by their associated dust components. The latter consistently exceeds the former by a constant factor, over a range of one order of magnitude in both quantities.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Prometheus Induced Vorticity In Saturns F Ring
Creators: name: Sutton, Phil J
name: Kusmartsev, Feo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Saturns rings are known to show remarkable real time variability in their structure. Many of which can be associated to interactions with nearby moons and moonlets. Possibly the most interesting and dynamic place in the rings, probably in the whole Solar System, is the F ring. A highly disrupted ring with large asymmetries both radially and azimuthally. Numerically non zero components to the curl of the velocity vector field (vorticity) in the perturbed area of the F ring post encounter are witnessed, significantly above the background vorticity. Within the perturbed area rich distributions of local rotations is seen located in and around the channel edges. The gravitational scattering of ring particles during the encounter causes a significant elevated curl of the vector field above the background F ring vorticity for the first 1-3 orbital periods post encounter. After 3 orbital periods vorticity reverts quite quickly to near background levels. This new found dynamical vortex life of the ring will be of great interest to planet and planetesimals in proto-planetary disks where vortices and turbulence are suspected of having a significant role in their formation and migrations. Additionally, it is found that the immediate channel edges created by the close passage of Prometheus actually show high radial dispersions in the order ~20-50 cm/s, up to a maximum of 1 m/s. This is much greater than the value required by Toomre for a disk to be unstable to the growth of axisymmetric oscillations. However, an area a few hundred km away from the edge shows a more promising location for the growth of coherent objects.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
Control of the Extension-Flexion Cycle of Human Knees During Bicycle Riding by a Synergy of Solitary Muscular Excitations and Contractions
Creators: name: Gojkovic, Zoran
name: Ivancevic, Tijana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A Hill-type model is proposed for the extension-flexion cycle of human knees during bicycle riding. The extension-flexion cycle is controlled by a synergy of muscular excitations and contractions of the knee musculature. Muscular action potentials are modeled by Sine-Gordon kinks, while titin-influenced actomyosin contractionsare modeled by Korteweg-de Vries solitons. As an application, the total knee arthroplasty is discussed.
Linking Spatial Distributions of Potential and Current in Viscous Electronics
Creators: name: Falkovich, Gregory
name: Levitov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Viscous electronics is an emerging field dealing with systems in which strongly interacting electrons behave as a fluid. Electron viscous flows are governed by a nonlocal current-field relation which renders the spatial patterns of current and electric field strikingly distinct. Notably, driven by the viscous friction force from adjacent layers, current can flow against the electric field, generating negative resistance, vorticity and vortices. Moreover, different current flows can result in identical potential distributions. This sets a new situation where inferring the electron flow pattern from the measured potentials presents a nontrivial problem. Using the inherent relation between these patterns through the complex analysis, here we propose a method for extracting the current flows from potential distributions measured in the presence of a magnetic field.
description: 5 pgs, 2 fgs
Enhanced granular medium-based tube press hardening
Creators: name: Chen, Hui
name: Hess, Sigrid
name: Haeberle, Jan
name: Pitikaris, Sebastian
name: Born, Philip
name: Güner, Alper
name: Sperl, Matthias
name: Tekkaya, A. Erman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active and passive control strategies of internal pressure for hot forming of tubes and profiles with granular media are described. Force transmission and plastic deformation of granular medium is experimentally investigated. Friction between tube, granular medium and die as also the external stress field are shown to be essential for the process understanding. Wrinkling, thinning and insufficient forming of the tube establishes the process window for the active pressure process. By improving the punch geometry and controlling tribological conditions, the process limits are extended. Examples for the passive pressure process reveal new opportunities for hot forming of tubes and profiles.
description: 4 pages, 11 figures
On the observation of field-free orientation of a symmetric top molecule by terahertz laser pulses at high temperature
Creators: name: Babilotte, P.
name: Hamraoui, K.
name: Billard, F.
name: Hertz, E.
name: Lavorel, B.
name: Faucher, O.
name: Sugny, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally and numerically the field-free orientation of the symmetric top molecule of methyl-iodide at high temperature using a terahertz radiation generated by a plasma induced by a two-color laser beam. The degree of orientation is measured from the free-induction decay emitted by the sample. The observed experimental signal is reproduced with a good accuracy by numerical simulations.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Stellar Populations of BCGs, Close Companions and Intracluster Light in Abell 85, Abell 2457 and IIZw108
Creators: name: Edwards, Louise O. V.
name: Alpert, Hannah S.
name: Trierweiler, Isabella L.
name: Abraham, Tara
name: Beizer, Victoria G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from an integral field (IFU) spectroscopic survey of a 75kpc region around three Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs), combining over 100 IFU fibres to study the intracluster light (ICL). We fit population synthesis models to estimate age and metallicity. For Abell 85 and Abell 2457, the ICL is best-fit with a fraction of old, metal-rich stars like in the BCG, but requires 30-50% young and metal-poor stars, a component not found in the BCGs. This is consistent with the ICL having been formed by a combination of interactions with less massive, younger, more metal-poor cluster members in addition to stars that form the BCG. We find that the three galaxies are in different stages of evolution and may be the result of different formation mechanisms. The BCG in Abell 85 is near a relatively young, metal-poor galaxy, but the dynamical friction timescale is long and the two are unlikely to be undergoing a merger. The outer regions of Abell 2457 show a higher relative fraction of metal-poor stars, and we find one companion, with a higher fraction of young, metal-poor stars than the BCG, which is likely to merge within a gigayear. Several luminous red galaxies are found at the centre of the cluster IIZw108, with short merger timescales, suggesting the system is about to embark on a series of major mergers to build up a dominant BCG. The young, metal-poor component found in the ICL is not found in the merging galaxies.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Heavy quark symmetry and weak decays of the $b$-baryons in pentaquarks with a $c\bar{c}$ component
Creators: name: Ali, Ahmed
name: Ahmed, Ishtiaq
name: Aslam, M. Jamil
name: Rehman, Abdur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the baryonic states $P_c^+(4380)$ and $P_c^+(4450)$ by the LHCb collaboration has evoked a lot of theoretical interest. These states have the minimal quark content $c \bar{c} u u d$. Interpreted as hidden charm diquark-diquark-antiquark baryons, the assigned spin and angular momentum quantum numbers are $P_c^+(4380)= \{\bar{c} [cu]_{s=1} [ud]_{s=1}; L_{\mathcal{P}}=0, J^{\rm P}=\frac{3}{2}^- \}$ and $P_c^+(4450)= \{\bar{c} [cu]_{s=1} [ud]_{s=0}; L_{\mathcal{P}}=1, J^{\rm P}=\frac{5}{2}^+ \}$, where $s=0,1$ are the spins of the diquarks and $L_{\mathcal{P}}=0,1$ are the orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of the pentaquarks. We point out that heavy quark symmetry allows only the higher mass pentaquark state $P_c^+(4450)$ having $[ud]_{s=0}$ to be produced in $Λ_b^0$ decays, whereas the lower mass state $P_c^+(4380)$ having $[ud]_{s=1}$ is disfavored. Pentaquark spectrum is rich enough to accommodate a $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^-$ state, which has the correct light diquark spin $\{\bar{c} [cu]_{s=1} [ud]_{s=0}; L_{\mathcal{P}}=0, J^{\rm P}=\frac{3}{2}^- \}$ to be produced in $Λ_b^0$ decays. Assuming that the orbital mass difference between the charmed pentaquarks is similar to the corresponding mass difference in the charmed baryons, we estimate the mass of the lower pentaquark $J^P=3/2^-$ state to be about 4110 MeV and suggest to reanalyze the LHCb data to search for this third state. We present the spectroscopy of the $S$- and $P$-wave pentaquark states having a $c\bar{c}$ pair and three light quarks using an effective Hamiltonian approach. Some of these pentaquarks can be produced in weak decays of the $b$-baryons. Combining heavy quark symmetry and the $SU(3)_F$ symmetry results in strikingly simple relations among the decay amplitudes which are presented here.
description: 18 pages,7 figures, 12 tables
XUV-initiated high harmonic generation: driving inner valence electrons using below-threshold-energy XUV light
Creators: name: Brown, A. C.
name: van der Hart, H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel scheme for resolving the contribution of inner- and outer-valence electrons in XUV-initiated high-harmonic generation in neon. By probing the atom with a low energy (below the 2s ionisation threshold) ultrashort XUV pulse, the 2p electron is steered away from the core, while the 2s electron is enabled to describe recollision trajectories. By selectively suppressing the 2p recollision trajectories we can resolve the contribution of the 2s electron to the high-harmonic spectrum. We apply the classical trajectory model to account for the contribution of the 2s electron, which allows for an intuitive understanding of the process.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Reconfinement of highly magnetized jets: Implications for HST-1 in M87
Creators: name: Levinson, Amir
name: Globus, Noemie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stationary features are occasionally observed in AGN jets. A notable example is the HST-1 knot in M87. Such features are commonly interpreted as re-confinement shocks in hydrodynamic jets or focusing nozzles in Poynting jets. In this paper we compute the structure and Lorentz factor of a highly magnetized jet confined by external pressure having a profile that flattens abruptly at some radius. We find the development of strong oscillations upon transition from the steeper to the flatter pressure profile medium. Analytic formula is derived for the location of the nodes of these oscillations. We apply the model to the M87 jet and show that if the jet remains magnetically dominated up to sub-kpc scales, then focusing is expected. The location of the HST-1 knot can be reconciled with recent measurements of the pressure profile around the Bondi radius if the jet luminosity satisfies $L_j\simeq10^{43}$ erg/s. However, we find that magnetic domination at the collimation break implies a Lorentz factor in excess of $10^2$, atypical to FRI sources. A much lower value of the asymptotic Lorentz factor would require substantial loading close to the black hole. In that case HST-1 may be associated with a collimation nozzle of a hydrodynamic flow.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Design of a quasi-2D photonic crystal optomechanical cavity with tunable, large $x^2$-coupling
Creators: name: Kalaee, Mahmoud
name: Paraiso, Taofiq K.
name: Pfeifer, Hannes
name: Painter, Oskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the optical and mechanical design of a mechanically compliant quasi-two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity formed from thin-film silicon in which a pair of linear nanoscale slots are used to create two coupled high-$Q$ optical resonances. The optical cavity supermodes, whose frequencies are designed to lie in the $1500$~nm wavelength band, are shown to interact strongly with mechanical resonances of the structure whose frequencies range from a few MHz to a few GHz. Depending upon the symmetry of the mechanical modes and the symmetry of the slot sizes, we show that the optomechanical coupling between the optical supermodes can be either linear or quadratic in the mechanical displacement amplitude. Tuning of the nanoscale slot size is also shown to adjust the magnitude and sign of the cavity supermode splitting $2J$, enabling near-resonant motional scattering between the two optical supermodes and greatly enhancing the $x^2$-coupling strength. Specifically, for the fundamental flexural mode of the central nanobeam of the structure at $10$~MHz the per-phonon linear cross-mode coupling rate is calculated to be $\tilde{g}_{+-}/2π= 1$~MHz, corresponding to a per-phonon $x^2$-coupling rate of $\tilde{g}'/2π=1$~kHz for a mode splitting $2J/2π= 1$~GHz which is greater than the radiation-limited supermode linewidths.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
A model for pressurized hydrogen induced thin film blisters
Creators: name: Bos, R. A. J. M. van den
name: Reshetniak, V.
name: Lee, C. J.
name: Benschop, J.
name: Bijkerk, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model for hydrogen induced blister formation in nanometer thick thin films. The model assumes that molecular hydrogen gets trapped under a circular blister cap causing it to deflect elastically outward until a stable blister is formed. In the first part, the energy balance required for a stable blister is calculated. From this model, the adhesion energy of the blister cap, the internal pressure and the critical H-dose for blister formation can be calculated. In the second part, the flux balance required for a blister to grow to a stable size is calculated. The model is applied to blisters formed in a Mo/Si multilayer after being exposed to hydrogen ions. From the model the adhesion energy of the Mo/Si blister cap was calculated to be around 1.05 J/m2 with internal pressures in the range of 175-280 MPa. Based on the model a minimum ion dose for the onset of blister formation was calculated to be d = 4.2*10^18 ions/cm2. From the flux balance equations the diffusion constant for the Mo/Si blister cap was estimated to be D_H2 = (10+-1) *10^18 cm2/s.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Fast evolving pair-instability supernova models: evolution, explosion, light curves
Creators: name: Kozyreva, Alexandra
name: Gilmer, Matthew
name: Hirschi, Raphael
name: Frohlich, Carla
name: Blinnikov, Sergey
name: Wollaeger, Ryan T.
name: Noebauer, Ulrich M.
name: van Rossum, Daniel R.
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Even, Wesley P.
name: Waldman, Roni
name: Tolstov, Alexey
name: Chatzopoulos, Emmanouil
name: Sorokina, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With an increasing number of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) discovered the question of their origin remains open and causes heated debates in the supernova community. Currently, there are three proposed mechanisms for SLSNe: (1) pair-instability supernovae (PISN), (2) magnetar-driven supernovae, and (3) models in which the supernova ejecta interacts with a circumstellar material ejected before the explosion. Based on current observations of SLSNe, the PISN origin has been disfavoured for a number of reasons. Many PISN models provide overly broad light curves and too reddened spectra, because of massive ejecta and a high amount of nickel. In the current study we re-examine PISN properties using progenitor models computed with the GENEC code. We calculate supernova explosions with FLASH and light curve evolution with the radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA. We find that high-mass models (200 and 250 solar masses) at relatively high metallicity (Z=0.001) do not retain hydrogen in the outer layers and produce relatively fast evolving PISNe Type I and might be suitable to explain some SLSNe. We also investigate uncertainties in light curve modelling due to codes, opacities, the nickel-bubble effect and progenitor structure and composition.
description: 14 pages, 1 table, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mean likelihood estimators
Creators: name: McLeod, Ian
name: Quenneville, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M10, 91B84

description: The use of {\it Mathematica} in deriving mean likelihood estimators is discussed. Comparisons between the maximum likelihood estimator, the mean likelihood estimator and the Bayes estimate based on a Jeffrey's noninformative prior using the criteria mean-square error and Pitman measure of closeness. Based on these criteria we find that for the first-order moving-average time series model, the mean likelihood estimator outperforms the maximum likelihood estimator and the Bayes estimator with a Jeffrey's noninformative prior. {\it Mathematica} was used for symbolic and numeric computations as well as for the graphical display of results. A {\it Mathematica} notebook is available which provides supplementary derivations and code from http://www.stats.uwo.ca/mcleod/epubs/mele The interested reader can easily reproduce or extend any of the results in this paper using this supplement.
description: 29 page, 10 figures
Multicore fibre technology - the road to multimode photonics
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Min, Seong-Sik
name: Lindley, Emma
name: Leon-Saval, Sergio
name: Ellis, Simon
name: Lawrence, John
name: Roth, Martin
name: Lohmannsroben, Hans-Gerd
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the past forty years, optical fibres have found widespread use in ground-based and space-based instruments. In most applications, these fibres are used in conjunction with conventional optics to transport light. But photonics offers a huge range of optical manipulations beyond light transport that were rarely exploited before 2001. The fundamental obstacle to the broader use of photonics is the difficulty of achieving photonic action in a multimode fibre. The first step towards a general solution was the invention of the photonic lantern (Leon-Saval, Birks & Bland-Hawthorn 2005) and the delivery of high-efficiency devices (< 1 dB loss) five years on (Noordegraaf et al 2009). Multicore fibres (MCF), used in conjunction with lanterns, are now enabling an even bigger leap towards multimode photonics. Until recently, the single-moded cores in MCFs were not sufficiently uniform to achieve telecom (SMF-28) performance. Now that high-quality MCFs have been realized, we turn our attention to printing complex functions (e.g. Bragg gratings for OH suppression) into their N cores. Our first work in this direction used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (near-field phase mask) but this approach was only adequate for N=7 MCFs as measured by the grating uniformity (Lindley et al 2014). We have now built a Sagnac interferometer that gives a three-fold increase in the depth of field sufficient to print across N > 127 cores. We achieved first light this year with our 500mW Sabre FRED laser. These are sophisticated and complex interferometers. We report on our progress to date and summarize our first-year goals which include multimode OH suppression fibres for the Anglo-Australian Telescope/PRAXIS instrument and the Discovery Channel Telescope/MOHSIS instrument under development at the University of Maryland.
description: 14 pages
Analytical solutions for problems of bubble dynamics
Creators: name: Kudryashov, Nikolai A.
name: Sinelshchikov, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, an asymptotic solution of the Rayleigh equation for an empty bubble in $N$ dimensions has been obtained. Here we give the closed--from general analytical solution of this equation. We also find the general solution of the Rayleigh equation in $N$ dimensions for the case of a gas--filled hyperspherical bubble. In addition, we include a surface tension into consideration.
Coarsening dynamics of topological defects in thin Permalloy films
Creators: name: Rissanen, Ilari
name: Laurson, Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of topological defects in the magnetic texture of rectangular Permalloy thin film elements during relaxation from random magnetization initial states. Our full micromagnetic simulations reveal complex defect dynamics during relaxation towards the stable Landau closure domain pattern, manifested as temporal power-law decay, with a system-size dependent cut-off time, of various quantities. These include the energy density of the system, and the number densities of the different kinds of topological defects present in the system. The related power-law exponents assume non-trivial values, and are found to be different for the different defect types. The exponents are robust against a moderate increase in the Gilbert damping constant and introduction of quenched structural disorder. We discuss details of the processes allowed by conservation of the winding number of the defects, underlying their complex coarsening dynamics.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Generic Statistical Relational Entity Resolution in Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Pujara, Jay
name: Getoor, Lise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Entity resolution, the problem of identifying the underlying entity of references found in data, has been researched for many decades in many communities. A common theme in this research has been the importance of incorporating relational features into the resolution process. Relational entity resolution is particularly important in knowledge graphs (KGs), which have a regular structure capturing entities and their interrelationships. We identify three major problems in KG entity resolution: (1) intra-KG reference ambiguity; (2) inter-KG reference ambiguity; and (3) ambiguity when extending KGs with new facts. We implement a framework that generalizes across these three settings and exploits this regular structure of KGs. Our framework has many advantages over custom solutions widely deployed in industry, including collective inference, scalability, and interpretability. We apply our framework to two real-world KG entity resolution problems, ambiguity in NELL and merging data from Freebase and MusicBrainz, demonstrating the importance of relational features.
Bismuthene on a SiC Substrate: A Candidate for a New High-Temperature Quantum Spin Hall Paradigm
Creators: name: Reis, F.
name: Li, G.
name: Dudy, L.
name: Bauernfeind, M.
name: Glass, S.
name: Hanke, W.
name: Thomale, R.
name: Schäfer, J.
name: Claessen, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin Hall (QSH) materials promise revolutionary device applications based on dissipationless propagation of spin currents. They are two-dimensional (2D) representatives of the family of topological insulators, which exhibit conduction channels at their edges inherently protected against scattering. Initially predicted for graphene, and eventually realized in HgTe quantum wells, in the QSH systems realized so far, the decisive bottleneck preventing applications is the small bulk energy gap of less than 30 meV, requiring cryogenic operation temperatures in order to suppress detrimental bulk contributions to the edge conductance. Room-temperature functionalities, however, require much larger gaps. Here we show how this can be achieved by making use of a new QSH paradigm based on substrate-supported atomic monolayers of a high-Z element. Experimentally, the material is synthesized as honeycomb lattice of bismuth atoms, forming "bismuthene", on top of the wide-gap substrate SiC(0001). Consistent with the theoretical expectations, the spectroscopic signatures in experiment display a huge gap of ~0.8 eV in bismuthene, as well as conductive edge states. The analysis of the layer-substrate orbitals arrives at a QSH phase, whose topological gap - as a hallmark mechanism - is driven directly by the atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Our results demonstrate how strained artificial lattices of heavy atoms, in contact with an insulating substrate, can be utilized to evoke a novel topological wide-gap scenario, where the chemical potential is located well within the global system gap, ensuring pure edge state conductance. We anticipate future experiments on topological signatures, such as transport measurements that probe the QSH effect via quantized universal conductance, notably at room temperature.
description: 4 figures
The EXPLORA model of citizen science at schools: design and implementation in the intercultural south of Chile
Creators: name: Hiriart, Camilo Gouet
name: Rodríguez, Daniela Salazar
name: Maulén, Wladimir Riquelme
name: Almarza, Alejandra Rojo
name: Bunster, Daniel Opazo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Citizen science has grown as a promising way to promote scientific education and democracy. However, the realization of these goals has been hampered as most programs in educational and other settings have used top-down approaches (where scientists direct the whole research path). Here we present a school bottom-up initiative, where students’ interests are raised and collaborative projects are developed in academies formed by students, teachers and scientists. Projects addressing local territorial identities are especially motivated by the program. In this work, we explored: (i) diversity of interests, (ii) learning outcomes, and (iii) the scientific quality of the projects. In two years of implementation in the intercultural south of Chile, we have worked with 52 academies, in projects covering a variety of research topics, including some that seek to rescue Mapuche’s traditional knowledge. We have observed the promotion of scientific and socioemotional skills in students, and projects have been judged of high quality by independent panels of experts. These results support the feasibility of citizen science to promote learning and to foster links between school and scientific institutions towards a more democratic scientific development.