cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards frustration of freezing transition in a binary hard-disk mixture
Creators: name: Huerta, A.
name: Carrasco-Fadanelli, V.
name: Trokhymchuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The freezing mechanism, recently suggested for a monodisperse hard-disk fluid [Huerta et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2006, 74, 061106] is extended here to an equimolar binary hard-disk mixtures. We are showing that for diameter ratios, smaller than 1.15 the global orientational order parameter of the binary mixture behaves like in the case of a monodisperse fluid. Namely, by increasing the disk number density there is a tendency to form a crystalline-like phase. However, for diameter ratios larger than 1.15 the binary mixtures behave like a disordered fluid. We use some of the structural and thermodynamic properties to compare and discuss the behavior as a function of diameter ratio and packing fraction.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Have low interest rates affected the contribution decisions of public pension funds in the United States?
Creators: name: Shiva, Ajeya
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Public pensions, Interest rates, Pension contributions, Duration of pension liabilities

description: Low interest rates increase the liabilities of public pension funds by raising the costs of paying fixed future benefits. In response to this it is expected that contributions would increase. In this paper, it is found that public pension funds in the United States are not accounting for interest rates when making contribution decisions. Instead, it seems as though the duration of the pension fund liabilities on which zero coupon treasury yield curve rates are calculated is of greater importance. Public pension funds are seemingly concerned relatively more by the length of their amortization period to catch up on missed contributions, with increases in contributions occurring for low durations and decreases in contributions occurring for high durations.
"What does it mean to be both Indian and, like, American?" Representation in Contemporary South Asian American Young Adult Literature
Creators: name: Bhramasandra, Karunya
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: South Asian literature
subject: Young adult fiction
subject: Identification
subject: Symbolism in literature
subject: Emigration and immigration
subject: South Asian American teenagers--Ethnic identity
subject: South Asian Americans in literature

description: This thesis studies the contemporary landscape of South Asian American Young Adult Literature through its relationship with a specific set of emic readers, namely, young, wealthy South Asian Americans living in suburban ethnic enclaves. It explores how the bildungsroman format privileges uniquely South Asian generational conflicts and inherited traumas that craft a hybrid, mutable sense of identity. The answer to the question the title poses, “What does it mean to be both Indian and, like, American?” is simply a slew of related questions that signify different things to each individual. Using the case studies of three recent releases in the genre, this thesis endeavors to illustrate that second-generation immigrant identity conflicts are not a power struggle between two binaristic identities, but instead create a generative space that embraces different parts of any identity.
Study of Neutron-Capture Element Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Li, Hongjie
name: Shen, Xiaojing
name: Liang, Shuai
name: Cui, Wenyuan
name: Zhang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work describes a study of elemental abundances for 30 metal-poor stars whose chemical abundances provide excellent information for setting constraints on models of neutron-capture processes. Based on the abundances of main r- and weak r-process stars, the abundance patterns of main r-process and weak r-process are obtained. The two r-process component coefficients are defined to determine the relative contributions from individual neutron-capture process to abundances of metal-poor stars. Based on the component coefficients, we find that metal-poor stars BD+4 2621 and HD 4306 are also weak r-process stars, which means that the abundance pattern produced by weak r-process is stable. All metal-poor star abundances contain the contributions of both main r-process and weak r-process. The elements produced by weak r-process have increased along with Fe over the polluted history. Most of the metal-poor star abundances do not follow the pattern observed in solar system, but there is a small fraction that do. For the low-[Sr/Fe] star BD-18 5550 ([Sr/Fe]$\lesssim-1$), neutron-capture element abundances can be explained by the mixture of two r-process components. Since lighter elements in this star cannot be fitted by the two components, the abundance pattern of P-component is estimated from those abundances.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Implementation of an impedance-matched Λsystem by dressed-state engineering
Creators: name: Koshino, Kazuki
name: Inomata, Kunihiro
name: Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi
name: Nakamura, Yasunobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In one-dimensional optical setups, light-matter interaction is drastically enhanced by the interference between the incident and scattered fields. Particularly, in the impedance-matched Λ-type three-level systems, a single photon deterministically induces the Raman transition and switches the electronic state of the system. Here we show that such a Λsystem can be implemented by using dressed states of a driven superconducting qubit and a resonator. The input microwave photons are perfectly absorbed and are down-converted into other frequency modes in the same waveguide. The proposed setup is applicable to single-photon detection in the microwave domain.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Evaluating the Prediction Performance of the International Food Security Assessment's Production Models: A Cross-Validation Approach
Creators: name: Zereyesus, Yacob Abrehe
name: Baquedano, Felix
name: Morgan, Stephen
name: Zereyesus, Yacob Abrehe
name: Baquedano, Felix
name: Morgan, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: cross-validation
subject: global food security
subject: production
subject: prediction
subject: mean squared error
subject: root mean squared error
subject: mean absolute error

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS) International Food Security Assessment (IFSA) model was developed to help USDA and its stakeholders evaluate the food security status of 76 low- and middle-income countries. The IFSA model provides an estimate of total food demand and food production, both elements in measuring food security. The demand side of the IFSA model is used to estimate the prevalence of country-level food insecurity based on an aggregate food consumption threshold of 2,100 calories per capita per day. The gap between aggregate domestic food production and food demand is used to estimate the implied additional supply required for each of the 76 countries in the IFSA, which is an indication of potential import needs, including food aid. The primary objective of the IFSA’s supply-side modeling work is to project production. This research evaluates the production model to determine the best performing prediction model specification. This report advances previous research by using a data-driven approach to select the best performing model specification.
Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapalek 1922
Creators: name: Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O.
name: Lecci, Lucas S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria atrifrons

description: Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapálek, 1922
 Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapálek 1922: 89.
 Anacroneuria atrifrons — Froehlich 2008: 129
 Material examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916S 52.52638W), 1 m, 17.XII.2008, KORC, MRC, OF; 2 m, 16.XII.2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP.
 Remarks. This species, previously known from the Amazon region, is recorded for the first time from Centre-West Brazil and for the Paraná River Basin.
description: Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199362
Evaluating Patient Needs and Provider Attitudes Towards a Novel Hyperbilirubinemia Treatment Plan
Creators: name: Bahr, Mia
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hyperbilirubinemia
subject: Jaundice, Neonatal--Treatment
subject: Neonatology
subject: Maternal and infant welfare
subject: Physician and patient
subject: Clinical medicine--Decision making
subject: Decision making

description: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most prevalent infant conditions, impacting approximately 60 percent of newborns worldwide. However, prior studies have shown high variation in care practices across the United States despite the condition's prevalence. NICU overuse in non-emergent cases is one of the most common and stressful treatments for infants and their mothers. This thesis investigates the feasibility of researching the benefits for patients and providers of a novel transcutaneous bilirubinometer in removing the burden of treatment within the NICU setting. Through interviews with American mothers of jaundiced infants and decision analysis performed on neonatal providers affiliated with Stanford University, I sought to understand and analyze current maternal needs in hyperbilirubinemia treatment and assess provider tolerance for novel options of care. I propose a novel treatment technology and seek to answer two questions: (1) Could the proposed technology potentially reduce core concerns with hyperbilirubinemia treatment among American mothers? (2) Could introducing the proposed technology be a feasible alternative to traditional NICU care? I find favorable evidence for both and discuss future directions for research.
Topological Performance Measures as Surrogates for Physical Flow Models for Risk and Vulnerability Analysis for Electric Power Systems
Creators: name: LaRocca, Sarah
name: Johansson, Jonas
name: Hassel, Henrik
name: Guikema, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical infrastructure systems must be both robust and resilient in order to ensure the functioning of society. To improve the performance of such systems, we often use risk and vulnerability analysis to find and address system weaknesses. A critical component of such analyses is the ability to accurately determine the negative consequences of various types of failures in the system. Numerous mathematical and simulation models exist which can be used to this end. However, there are relatively few studies comparing the implications of using different modeling approaches in the context of comprehensive risk analysis of critical infrastructures. Thus in this paper, we suggest a classification of these models, which span from simple topologically-oriented models to advanced physical flow-based models. Here, we focus on electric power systems and present a study aimed at understanding the tradeoffs between simplicity and fidelity in models used in the context of risk analysis. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to compare performances measures achieved with a spectrum of approaches typically used for risk and vulnerability analysis of electric power systems and evaluate if more simplified topological measures can be combined using statistical methods to be used as a surrogate for physical flow models. The results of our work provide guidance as to appropriate models or combination of models to use when analyzing large-scale critical infrastructure systems, where simulation times quickly become insurmountable when using more advanced models, severely limiting the extent of analyses that can be performed.
LCAAJ audio for location 48286 (Tul'chyn, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Tul'chyn, Ukraine (48.67, 28.85638)
A concentrator for static magnetic field
Creators: name: Sun, F.
name: He, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a compact passive device as a super-concentrator to create an extremely high uniform static magnetic field over 50T in a large two-dimensional free space from a weak background magnetic field. Such an amazing thing becomes possible for the first time, thanks to space-folded transformation and metamaterials for static magnetic fields. Finite element method (FEM) is utilized to verify the performance of the proposed device.
The Political Cost of Market-Oriented Reforms: Evidence from Privatization of State-owned Enterprises in China
Creators: name: Lan, Xingchen
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economic Reform, Privatization, Political Attitudes, Authoritarian Politics, Chinese Politics

description: How do market-oriented economic reforms affect citizens’ political attitudes in authoritarian regimes? I examine this question by studying China’s large-scale privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that started in the late 1990s. I find that layoffs of SOEs and citizens in counties exposed to more privatization express less trust in the local government. The distrust persists and has been transmitted into the next generation. Further tests suggest that the distrust is likely to be driven by bureaucratic corruption and violation of socialist commitment, instead of economic self-interests or institutional deterioration. My findings can help explain why economic reforms may erode regime legitimacy in autocracies.
Relativistic Correction to J/psi and Upsilon Pair Production
Creators: name: Li, Yi-Jie
name: Xu, Guang-Zhi
name: Liu, Kui-Yong
name: Zhang, Yu-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic corrections to the productions of double J/psi, double Upsilon, and J/psi+Upsilon at the Tevatron and the LHC were investigated within the frame of nonrelativistic QCD. The ratios of short distance coefficients between relativistic correction and leading order result for color singlet and color octet states in large p_T limit are approximately -1,-11/3, respectively, for pair production. And for J/psi+Upsilon process the ratio is -11/6 for the CO channel. The K factors of relativistic corrections for color singlet and color octet double J/psi production are -0.23 and -0.84 with adopting v^2=0.23. The relativistic corrections significantly dilute the difference between the shape of color-singlet differential cross sections and the color-octet's at leading order. Also our results show that the single parton scattering model may be enough to explain the LHCb data for the J/psi pair production.
description: Comments and suggestions are welcome
Anacroneuria pastaza Stark 2001
Creators: name: Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O.
name: Lecci, Lucas S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria pastaza

description: Anacroneuria pastaza Stark, 2001
 Anacroneuria pastaza Stark 2001: 26
 Anacroneuria pastaza — Bispo & Froehlich 2004: 192
 Material examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916S 52.52638W), 1 m, 17.XII.2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP.
 Remarks. This species was previously known from Ecuador (Stark, 2001) and Serra da Mesa, Goiás State (Bispo and Froehlich 2004). This record for Centre-West Brazil and the Paraná River Basin is the southernmost known for the species.
description: Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199362
Warped Alternatives to Froggatt-Nielsen Models
Creators: name: Iyer, Abhishek M
name: Vempati, Sudhir K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Randall-Sundrum set up (RS) to be a theory of flavour, as an alternative to Froggatt-Nielsen models instead of as a solution to the hierarchy problem. We consider a modified RS framework between the Planck scale and the GUT scale. This also alleviates constraints from flavour physics. Fermion masses and mixing angles are fit at the GUT scale. The ranges of the bulk mass parameters are determined using a $χ^2$ fit taking in to consideration the variation in $\mathcal{O}(1)$ parameters. In the hadronic sector, the heavy top quark requires large bulk mass parameters localising the right handed top quark close to the IR brane. Two cases of neutrino masses are considered (a) Planck scale lepton number violation and (b) Dirac neutrino masses. Contrary to the case of weak scale RS models, both these cases give reasonable fits to the data, with the Planck scale lepton number violation fitting slightly better compared to the Dirac case. In the Supersymmetric version, the fits are not significantly different except for the variation in $\tanβ$. If the Higgs superfield and the SUSY breaking spurion are localized on the same brane then the structure of the sfermion masses are determined by the profiles of the zero modes of the hypermultiplets in the bulk. Trilinear terms have the same structure as the Yukawa matrices. The resultant squark spectrum is around $\sim 2-3 \text{TeV}$ required by the light Higgs mass to be around 125 GeV and to satisfy the flavour violating constraints.
description: 7 Figures, 34 pages. Minor modifications of the text mostly typos and references added. A couple of typos fixed in the tables. Conclusions unchanged
A new CPT-even and Lorentz-Violating nonminimal coupling in the Dirac equation
Creators: name: Casana, R.
name: Ferreira, M. M.
name: Silva, E. O.
name: Passos, E.
name: Santos, F. E. P. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we propose a CPT-even and Lorentz-violating dimension-five nonminimal coupling between fermionic and gauge fields, involving the CTP-even and Lorentz-violating gauge tensor of the SME. This nonminimal coupling modifies the Dirac equation, whose nonrelativistic regime is governed by a Hamiltonian which induces new effects, such as an electric-Zeeman-like spectrum splitting and an anomalous-like contribution to the electron magnetic moment, between others. Some of these new effects allows to constrain the magnitude of this nonminimal coupling in 1 part in 10^16.
description: Revtex style, 6 pages, two columns
Quantum critical point lying beneath the superconducting dome in iron-pnictides
Creators: name: Shibauchi, T.
name: Carrington, A.
name: Matsuda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether a quantum critical point (QCP) lies beneath the superconducting dome has been a long-standing issue that remains unresolved in many classes of unconventional superconductors, notably cuprates, heavy fermion compounds and most recently iron-pnictides. The existence of a QCP may offer a route to understand: the origin of their anomalous non-Fermi liquid properties, the microscopic coexistence between unconventional superconductivity and magnetic or some exotic order, and ultimately the mechanism of superconductivity itself. The isovalent substituted iron-pnictide BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ offers a new platform for the study of quantum criticality, providing a unique opportunity to study the evolution of the electronic properties in a wide range of the phase diagram. Recent experiments in BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ have provided the first clear and unambiguous evidence of a second order quantum phase transition lying beneath the superconducting dome.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, review article submitted to Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
A CMB lensing mass map and its correlation with the cosmic infrared background
Creators: name: Holder, G. P.
name: Viero, M. P.
name: Zahn, O.
name: Aird, K. A.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bhattacharya, S.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Bock, J.
name: Brodwin, M.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Cho, H-M.
name: Conley, A.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Crites, A. T.
name: de Haan, T.
name: Dobbs, M. A.
name: Dudley, J.
name: George, E. M.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Hoover, S.
name: Hou, Z.
name: Hrubes, J. D.
name: Keisler, R.
name: Knox, L.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Leitch, E. M.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Luong-Van, D.
name: Marsden, G.
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Mehl, J.
name: Meyer, S. S.
name: Millea, M.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Montroy, T. E.
name: Padin, S.
name: Plagge, T.
name: Pryke, C.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Sayre, J. T.
name: Schaffer, K. K.
name: Schulz, B.
name: Shaw, L.
name: Shirokoff, E.
name: Spieler, H. G.
name: Staniszewski, Z.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Story, K. T.
name: van Engelen, A.
name: Vanderlinde, K.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Williamson, R.
name: Zemcov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a temperature map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) obtained using the South Pole Telescope at 150 GHz to construct a map of the gravitational convergence to z ~ 1100, revealing the fluctuations in the projected mass density. This map shows individual features that are significant at the ~ 4 sigma level, providing the first image of CMB lensing convergence. We cross-correlate this map with Herschel/SPIRE maps covering 90 square degrees at wavelengths of 500, 350, and 250 microns. We show that these submillimeter-wavelength (submm) maps are strongly correlated with the lensing convergence map, with detection significances in each of the three submm bands ranging from 6.7 to 8.8 sigma. We fit the measurement of the cross power spectrum assuming a simple constant bias model and infer bias factors of b=1.3-1.8, with a statistical uncertainty of 15%, depending on the assumed model for the redshift distribution of the dusty galaxies that are contributing to the Herschel/SPIRE maps.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to ApJL
Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich 2007
Creators: name: Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O.
name: Lecci, Lucas S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria payagua

description: Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich, 2007
 Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich 2007: 23 -24.
 Material examined. BR, MS, Bonito, Fazenda Morro Alto, tributary of Rio Seco (21.03083S 56.62361W), 1 m, 24.VI.2009, LSL; 1 m, Fazenda Pitangueiras, source near sawmill (20.87055S 56.58861W), 27.VI.2009, LSL; 6 f, Bodoquena, Rio Salobra (20.69305S 56.74055W), 06.III.2007, OF.
 Remarks. This species was described from the municipality of Bodoquena. The new records are from the municipality of Bonito, also in the Bodoquena Mountains.
description: Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199362
Too Big to Fail?: Evaluating the association between large-scale irrigation schemes and civil violence in sub-Saharan Africa, in the context of the climate crisis
Creators: name: Smith, Emma
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Irrigation
subject: Violence
subject: Security, International
subject: Peace-building
subject: Nigeria
subject: Dams--Social aspects
subject: Dams--Evaluation
subject: Dams
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Food security--Climatic factors
subject: National security--Climatic factors
subject: World Bank
subject: International Development
subject: USAID
subject: Civil conflict
subject: African Development Bank
subject: Crops and climate

description: A “code red for humanity;” the “number one threat to mankind;” as lethal as “guns and bombs.” Climate change represents an existential threat to humanity. The coming decades will see a surge of funding for climate adaptation aid in response to this threat – led by US President Joe Biden’s pledge of $11 billion in climate aid annually by 2024. This expansion of funding for climate development interventions, in particular, suggests a need to evaluate how past infrastructure interventions have impacted communities, and lessons for the future. This thesis thus explores the relationship between large-scale irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa and communal violence. Recognizing the wide-ranging variation in use and effectiveness of irrigation schemes, it asks: To what extent does violence influence the location and effectiveness of large-scale irrigation projects? Essentially, is there a violence effect – does violence prior to or during the construction of projects influence projects influence their utility, and, conversely, in what circumstances do these projects amplify or reduce the risks of communal violence? Using a mixed methods approach, the paper does not find a strong relationship between violence and the relative success of irrigation projects. However, it finds that irrigation projects are more likely to be placed in locations with greater exposure to violence. The reason for this increased exposure to violence appears two-fold: first, there is an intentional decision to use irrigation projects as a mechanism to promote regional stability and socioeconomic development. This relationship is also, in part, unintentional, reflecting multilateral funding bodies’ historically limited efforts to mitigate risk. A case study of Nigeria is used to delve further into these findings, identifying several instances in which projects have exacerbated community grievances against the state –– and where violence has ensued. These findings suggest that stakeholders in the climate change, development, and peacebuilding spheres should prioritize mechanisms for greater environmental and social risk assessments; increase opportunities for community-based development and governance; and strive to better integrate conflict-sensitivity into climate adaptation interventions.
New Important Developments in Small Area Estimation
Creators: name: Pfeffermann, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of small area estimation (SAE) is how to produce reliable estimates of characteristics of interest such as means, counts, quantiles, etc., for areas or domains for which only small samples or no samples are available, and how to assess their precision. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss some of the new important developments in small area estimation methods. Rao [Small Area Estimation (2003)] wrote a very comprehensive book, which covers all the main developments in this topic until that time. A few review papers have been written after 2003, but they are limited in scope. Hence, the focus of this review is on new developments in the last 7-8 years, but to make the review more self-contained, I also mention shortly some of the older developments. The review covers both design-based and model-dependent methods, with the latter methods further classified into frequentist and Bayesian methods. The style of the paper is similar to the style of my previous review on SAE published in 2002, explaining the new problems investigated and describing the proposed solutions, but without dwelling on theoretical details, which can be found in the original articles. I hope that this paper will be useful both to researchers who like to learn more on the research carried out in SAE and to practitioners who might be interested in the application of the new methods.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-STS395 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The UMIST database for astrochemistry 2012
Creators: name: McElroy, D.
name: Walsh, C.
name: Markwick, A. J.
name: Cordiner, M. A.
name: Smith, K.
name: Millar, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the fifth release of the UMIST Database for Astrochemistry (UDfA). The new reaction network contains 6173 gas-phase reactions, involving 467 species, 47 of which are new to this release. We have updated rate coefficients across all reaction types. We have included 1171 new anion reactions and updated and reviewed all photorates. In addition to the usual reaction network, we also now include, for download, state-specific deuterated rate coefficients, deuterium exchange reactions and a list of surface binding energies for many neutral species. Where possible, we have referenced the original source of all new and existing data. We have tested the main reaction network using a dark cloud model and a carbon-rich circumstellar envelope model. We present and briefly discuss the results of these models.
Spies in the Public Eye: A Comparative Community Analysis of  Nuclear Sleuths and Government Intelligence Agencies
Creators: name: Leede, Katharine
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Open source intelligence
subject: Nuclear intelligence
subject: Nuclear sleuths
subject: Community analysis and assessment

description: The advent of the internet and technological advancements in remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have generated an explosion of open-source information. As the quantity of public data has grown, a new community of non-government open-source intelligence (NG OSINT) analysts has emerged, exploiting public information to provide insights on the most guarded of programs: the pursuit of nuclear weapons. Coined “nuclear sleuths,” the nuclear NG OSINT community democratizes secrets through analysis, redefining the divide between public knowledge and government intelligence. Despite operating in a high-stakes and influential environment, nuclear sleuths remain understudied. In recent years, news media has covered the findings of nuclear OSINT practitioners but not how or why they operate. Academic studies have compared nuclear sleuths to government intelligence agencies but have not yet offered comprehensive data about who operates in this space, what backgrounds they have, or what tools they use. This thesis seeks to fill the gap, unearthing how and why the nuclear NG OSINT community is different from U.S. government intelligence agencies. The thesis draws from a novel and thorough dataset of 66 individuals, 44 organizations, and 100 publications that systematically identifies and tracks the expertise, methods, and technologies leveraged in the nuclear sleuth community. The thesis also reviews government threat assessments, intelligence guidebooks, and declassified nuclear intelligence reports from 1966-1991. Interviews with 13 intelligence practitioners from both communities offer insights on perceptions of each group. The thesis finds that the nuclear sleuth community is diverse, collaborative, and responsive. However, nuclear NG OSINT analysts have limited intelligence training and informal peer-review processes, which create higher risks for the spread of misinformation. Conversely, government intelligence agencies maintain a highly structured and refined analytical environment, but bureaucratic processes often hinder internal innovation, technological experimentation, and interagency cooperation. The thesis offers 10 novel insights on the nuclear sleuth and government intelligence communities related to practitioners’ publication habits, technical assets, and motivations for research. Conclusively, the thesis calls for increased collaboration between the two communities and presents strategies to refine analytical methods in each group. The comparative analysis of non-government and government intelligence communities provides crucial understanding of and preparation for the future of 21st-century intelligence.
LCAAJ audio for location 48277 (Stara Ushytsya, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Stara Ushytsya, Ukraine (48.595775, 27.081645)
Breaking the Symmetry: Resolving Symmetry Ambiguities in Equivariant Neural Networks
Creators: name: Balachandar, Sidhika
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Equivariance
subject: Machine learning
subject: Symmetry groups

description: Equivariant neural networks have been adopted in a variety of 3-D learning areas. In this paper, we identify and address a fundamental problem of equivariant networks: their ambiguity to symmetries. For a left-right symmetric input, like an airplane, these networks cannot complete symmetry-dependent tasks like segmenting the object into its left and right sides. We tackle this problem by adding components that resolve symmetry ambiguities while preserving rotational equivariance. We present OAVNN: Orientation Aware Vector Neuron Network, an extension of the Vector Neuron Network. OAVNN is a rotation equivariant network that is robust to planar symmetric inputs. Our network consists of three key components. First, we introduce an algorithm to calculate features for detecting symmetries. Second, we create an orientation aware linear layer that is sensitive to symmetries. Finally, we construct an attention mechanism that relates directional information across points. We evaluate the network using left-right segmentation and find that the network quickly obtains accurate segmentations. We hope this work motivates investigations on the expressivity of equivariant networks to symmetric objects.
Observation of three-state dressed states in circuit quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Koshino, K.
name: Terai, H.
name: Inomata, K.
name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Qiu, W.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Nakamura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the microwave response of a transmon qubit coupled directly to a transmission line. In a transmon qubit, owing to its weak anharmonicity, a single driving field may generate dressed states involving more than two bare states. We confirmed the formation of three-state dressed states by observing all of the six associated Rabi sidebands, which appear as either amplification or attenuation of the probe field. The experimental results are reproduced with good precision by a theoretical model incorporating the radiative coupling between the qubit and the microwave.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The Incoherence of Stakeholderism
Creators: name: Wu, Jonah
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Stockholders
subject: Corporate governance
subject: Corporation law

description:  Stakeholderism is a theory of corporate governance which states that directors manage the corporation in the interest of all stakeholders of the firm. This theory of corporate governance has gained increasing popularity and traction and corporate legal scholarship has sought to justify it. However, these justifications for stakeholderism are neither descriptively consistent with Delaware law nor accurate in their theories of the firm, as stakeholderists claim. Enlightened shareholder value stresses the lack of tradeoffs or the ubiquity of win-win scenarios between shareholders and stakeholders, but this is empirically dubious when considering the effect of pro-stakeholder policies on firm value. Despite the lack of justification, the desire for corporations to serve some public benefit is not going anywhere. I propose that shareholder welfare maximization is a more theoretically coherent means to justify corporate concern for social goods and that the corporate ecosystem could evolve to chiefly include shareholder value firms seeking to maximize shareholders’ economic interests, and shareholder welfare firms seeking to maximize both shareholder’s economic and social interests as their ultimate end.
Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich 2007
Creators: name: Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O.
name: Lecci, Lucas S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria ofaye

description: Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich, 2007
 Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich 2007: 18 -19.
 Material Examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916S 52.52638W), 1 m, 17.XII.2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP; 2 m, Bonito, Córrego Coqueiro (21.22388S 56.33666W), 24.III.2008, KORC, MRC, OF.
 Remarks. This species was originally described from the municipality of Costa Rica. Here, specimens from Bonito, around 450 km southwest of the type locality and from Chapadão do Sul, around 60 km south of Costa Rica, are recorded.
description: Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199362
Heavy Minerals from barite-rich sandstone beds in the Mapepe Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Creators: name: Cahill, Melanie R.
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Africa--Barberton Greenstone Belt (Eswatini and South Africa)
subject: Chromite
subject: Zircon
subject: Komatiite
subject: Africa--Fig Tree Group (Eswatini and South Africa)

description: Heavy mineral deposits in the Fig Tree Group Mapepe Formation in the Barberton Greenstone Belt are composed largely of detrital barite sand but also contain detrital chromite and zircon. This study presents geochemical chromite data, primarily Cr# (Cr/(Cr+AL))*100, and geochronological zircon data and compare these with published and unpublished data from source rock areas. Cr# data from source rock areas suggest aeolian processes could have transported grains prior to Fig Tree Group time. Mapepe Formation detrital zircons and chromites combined suggest these barite sandstones sourced chromite grains mainly from Onverwacht Group Mendon and Kromberg Formation komatiitic flows and zircon grains from Hooggenoeg Formation felsic rocks (H6), and that uplift was able to erode 3-4 km into underlying rock.
LCAAJ audio for location 48276 (Ozaryntsi, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Ozaryntsi, Ukraine (48.540556, 27.806944)
Maps of Massive Clumps in the Early Stage of Cluster Formation: Two Modes of Cluster Formation, Coeval or Non-Coeval?
Creators: name: Higuchi, Aya E.
name: Kurono, Yasutaka
name: Naoi, Takahiro
name: Saito, Masao
name: Mauersberger, Rainer
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present maps of 7 young massive molecular clumps within 5 target regions in the C18O (J=1-0) line emission, using the Nobeyama 45m telescope. These clumps, which are not associated with clusters, lie at distances between 0.7 to 2.1 kpc. We find C18O clumps with radii of 0.5-1.7 pc, masses of 470-4200 Msun, and velocity widths of 1.4-3.3 km/s. All of the clumps are massive and approximately in virial equilibrium, suggesting they will potentially form clusters. Three of our target regions are associated with H II regions ("CWHRs" from Clump with H II Regions), and the other two are without H II regions (CWOHRs). The C18O clumps can be classified into two morphological types: CWHRs shape a filamentary or shell-like structure, CWOHRs are spherical. The two CWOHRs have systematic velocity gradients. Using the publicly released WISE database, Class I and Class II protostellar candidates were identified within the C18O clumps. The fraction of the Class I candidates among all YSO candidates (Class I+Class II) is > 50 % in CWHRs, and < 50 % in CWOHRs. We conclude that effects from the H II regions can be seen in (1) spatial distributions of the clumps: filamentary or shell-like structure running along the H II regions, (2) velocity structures of the clumps: large velocity dispersion along shells, and (3) small age spreads of YSOs. The small spread in age of the YSOs show that the presence of H II regions tend to trigger coeval cluster formation.
description: 40 pages, 20 figures (mostly degraded to get under the filesize limit), accepted by ApJ
Common path interference in Zener tunneling is a universal phenomenon
Creators: name: Johri, Sonika
name: Nandkishore, Rahul
name: Bhatt, R. N.
name: Mele, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the probability of electric field induced interband tunneling in solid state systems is generically a non-monotonic (oscillatory) function of the applied field. This unexpected behavior can be understood as arising due to a common path interference between two distinct tunneling solutions. The phenomenon is insensitive to magnetic field, and arises whenever the low energy dispersion relation contains higher order terms in addition to the usual $p^2$ term. Such higher order terms are generically present, albeit with small co-efficient, so that the oscillatory Zener tunneling is a universal phenomenon. However, the first `Zener oscillation' occurs at a transmission probability which is exponentially small when the co-efficient of the higher order terms is small. This explains why this oscillatory aspect of Zener tunneling has been hitherto overlooked, despite its universality. The common path interference is also destroyed by the presence of odd powers of $p$ in the low energy dispersion relation. Since odd powers of $p$ are strictly absent only when the tunneling barrier lies along an axis of mirror symmetry, it follows that the robustness of the oscillatory behavior depends on the orientation of the tunneling barrier. Bilayer graphene is identified as a particularly good material for observation of common path interference, due to its unusual nearly isotropic dispersion relation, where the $p^4$ term makes the leading contribution.
United States Cyber Policy:The Legal Justification for Countering Cyber Attacks
Creators: name: Ochoa, Rachel
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: international relations
subject: Computer security
subject: ISIS (Organization)
subject: Cyberspace
subject: Cyber intelligence (Computer security)

description: How does the United States legally justify its cybersecurity strategy? Over the past two decades, cyberspace has evolved into a web of sophisticated communications networks that pose security vulnerabilities for countries, companies and individuals alike. States face a challenge regarding how to defend themselves or respond to cyberattacks, both practically and legally. This thesis analyzes an important case of a cyberattack by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and United States’ response: Operation Glowing Symphony. By analyzing the original attack by ISIS, the U.S. response, legal review and justification, this thesis offers insight as to how the U.S. global cyber policy is developing and evolving.  The findings from this thesis can help bring transparency to cyber policy, and a better understanding of how the U.S. will continue to navigate cyberspace.
LCAAJ audio for location 48267 (Skala-Podil's'ka, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Skala-Podil's'ka, Ukraine (48.848321, 26.196348)
CMB and matter power spectra from cross correlations of primordial curvature and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kunze, Kerstin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete numerical calculation of the temperature anisotropies and the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is presented for a non zero cross correlation of a stochastic magnetic field with the primordial curvature perturbation. Such a cross correlation results, for example, if the magnetic field is generated during inflation by coupling electrodynamics to a scalar field which is identified with the curvaton. For a nearly scale invariant magnetic field of 1 nG it is found that at low multipoles the contribution due to the cross correlation dominates over that of the pure magnetic mode. A similar behaviour on large scales is found for the linear matter power spectrum.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures