cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distributed Interference-Aware Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhenyu
name: Dong, Mianxiong
name: Ota, Kaoru
name: Wu, Jun
name: Sato, Takuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The introduction of device-to-device (D2D) into cellular networks poses many new challenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interference caused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of user equipments (UEs). In this paper, we propose a distributed interference-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm to maximize each UE's energy efficiency (EE) subject to its specific quality of service (QoS) and maximum transmission power constraints. We model the resource allocation problem as a noncooperative game, in which each player is self-interested and wants to maximize its own EE. The formulated EE maximization problem is a non-convex problem and is transformed into a convex optimization problem by exploiting the properties of the nonlinear fractional programming. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed and verified through computer simulations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, IEEE GLOBECOM 2014
A Multi-task Framework for Infrared Small Target Detection and Segmentation
Creators: name: Chen, Yuhang
name: Li, Liyuan
name: Liu, Xin
name: Su, Xiaofeng
name: Chen, Fansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the complicated background and noise of infrared images, infrared small target detection is one of the most difficult problems in the field of computer vision. In most existing studies, semantic segmentation methods are typically used to achieve better results. The centroid of each target is calculated from the segmentation map as the detection result. In contrast, we propose a novel end-to-end framework for infrared small target detection and segmentation in this paper. First, with the use of UNet as the backbone to maintain resolution and semantic information, our model can achieve a higher detection accuracy than other state-of-the-art methods by attaching a simple anchor-free head. Then, a pyramid pool module is used to further extract features and improve the precision of target segmentation. Next, we use semantic segmentation tasks that pay more attention to pixel-level features to assist in the training process of object detection, which increases the average precision and allows the model to detect some targets that were previously not detectable. Furthermore, we develop a multi-task framework for infrared small target detection and segmentation. Our multi-task learning model reduces complexity by nearly half and speeds up inference by nearly twice compared to the composite single-task model, while maintaining accuracy. The code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/Chenastron/MTUNet.
Additional file 1 of Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Jianglei Ma
name: Xiaoyao Li
name: Shifu Zhao
name: Ruifu Zhang
name: Dejun Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Research ethics in an open environment IFLA ARL Research Webinar
Creators: name: Lilley, Spencer
name: Goh, Su-Nee
name: Woodbrook, Rachel
name: Taskin, Zehra
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 220107 Professional Ethics (incl. police and research ethics)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: IFLA ARL Webinar Series Research ethics guide the production of scholarly inquiry the world over. This webinar focuses on Institutional Data Support in Open Research Environment; toolkit for diversity scholarship data guidance; and Research, Ethics and CARE Principles presented by: Su-Nee, GOH, Deputy Director and Lead, Open Science & Research Services - Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore; Rachel Woodbrook, Data Curation Librarian, University of Michigan; Zehra Taşkın, Associate Professor, Hacettepe University, Turkey; and Spencer Lilley, Associate Professor, School of Information Management Victoria University of Wellington Te Herenga Waka Aotearoa, New Zealand
Modelling enzyme inhibition toxicity of ionic liquid from molecular structure via convolutional neural network model
Creators: name: Zhang, R.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Fan, D.
name: Liu, T.
name: Ma, Z.
name: Dai, Y.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Zhu, Z.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Deep learning (DL) methods further promote the development of quantitative structure–activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models by dealing with complex relationships between data. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitory toxicity model of ionic liquids (ILs) was established using a convolution neural network (CNN) combined with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). A CNN model was proposed for feature self-learning and extraction of ILs. By comparing with the model results through feature engineering (FE), the model regression results based on the CNN model for feature extraction have been substantially improved. The results showed that all six models (FE-SVM, FE-RF, FE-MLP, CNN-SVM, CNN-RF, and CNN-MLP) had good prediction accuracy, but the results based on the CNN model were better. The hyperparameters of six models were optimized by grid search and the 10-fold cross validation. Compared with the existing models in the literature, the model performance has been further improved. The model could be used as an intelligent tool to guide the design or screening of low-toxicity ILs.
Nonlinear microwave response of clean superconducting films
Creators: name: Radkevich, A. A.
name: Semenov, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an explicitly gauge-invariant semiclassical approach to investigate nonlinear response of superconductors to monochromatic THz radiation. We demonstrate that in clean superconductors charge conservation forbids non-linear response to a uniform field. We apply our approach to quasi-two-dimensional films and obtain an explicit expression for the photoinduced current. We find that the photoinduced current exhibits a strong dependence on polarization and incidence angle of the radiation. Our predictions may be directly verified in experiments with quasi-two-dimensional superconducting films.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Negative quantum capacitance in graphene nanoribbons with lateral gates
Creators: name: Reiter, R.
name: Derra, U.
name: Birner, S.
name: Terrés, B.
name: Libisch, F.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
name: Stampfer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical simulations of the capacitive coupling between graphene nanoribbons of various widths and gate electrodes in different configurations. We compare the influence of lateral metallic or graphene side gate structures on the overall back gate capacitive coupling. Most interestingly, we find a complex interplay between quantum capacitance effects in the graphene nanoribbon and the lateral graphene side gates, giving rise to an unconventional negative quantum capacitance. The emerging non-linear capacitive couplings are investigated in detail. The experimentally relevant relative lever arm, the ratio between the coupling of the different gate structures, is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Protecting local and global symmetries in simulating 1+1-D non-abelian gauge theories
Creators: name: Mathew, Emil
name: Raychowdhury, Indrakshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient quantum simulation protocols for any quantum theories demand efficient protection protocols for its underlying symmetries. This task is nontrivial for gauge theories as it is involves local symmetry/invariance. For non-Abelian gauge theories, protecting all the symmetries generated by a set of mutually non-commuting generators, is particularly difficult. In this letter, a global symmetry-protection protocol is proposed. Using the novel loop-string-hadron formalism of non-Abelian lattice gauge theory, we numerically demonstrate that all of the local symmetries get protected even for large time by this global symmetry protection scheme. With suitable protection strength, the dynamics of a (1+1)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory remains confined in the physical Hilbert space of the theory even in presence of explicit local symmetry violating terms in the Hamiltonian that may occur in both analog and digital simulation schemes as an error. The whole scheme holds for SU(3) gauge theory as well.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Phase transitions and edge scaling of number variance in Gaussian random matrices
Creators: name: Marino, Ricardo
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Grégory
name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider $N\times N$ Gaussian random matrices, whose average density of eigenvalues has the Wigner semi-circle form over $[-\sqrt{2},\sqrt{2}]$. For such matrices, using a Coulomb gas technique, we compute the large $N$ behavior of the probability $\mathcal{P}_{\scriptscriptstyle N,L}(N_L)$ that $N_L$ eigenvalues lie within the box $[-L,L]$. This probability scales as $\mathcal{P}_{\scriptscriptstyle N,L}(N_L=κ_L N)\approx\exp\left(-β N^2 ψ_L(κ_L)\right)$, where $β$ is the Dyson index of the ensemble and $ψ_L(κ_L)$ is a $β$-independent rate function that we compute exactly. We identify three regimes as $L$ is varied: (i) $\, N^{-1}\ll L \sqrt{2}$ (tail). We find a dramatic non-monotonic behavior of the number variance $V_N(L)$ as a function of $L$: after a logarithmic growth $\propto \ln (N L)$ in the bulk (when $L \sim {\cal O}(1/N)$), $V_N(L)$ decreases abruptly as $L$ approaches the edge of the semi-circle before it decays as a stretched exponential for $L > \sqrt{2}$. This "drop-off" of $V_N(L)$ at the edge is described by a scaling function $\tilde V_β$ which smoothly interpolates between the bulk (i) and the tail (iii). For $β= 2$ we compute $\tilde V_2$ explicitly in terms of the Airy kernel. These analytical results, verified by numerical simulations, directly provide for $β=2$ the full statistics of particle-number fluctuations at zero temperature of 1d spinless fermions in a harmonic trap.
description: 5 pag., 3 fig, published version
D3.6 Data products validation report (final version)
Creators: name: Pantopoulou, Eirini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable is the validation report of the Earth Observation (EO) data products developed during the ENVISION project. The produced EO services are tailored to monitor agricultural malpractices and the environmental impacts. This document highlights the performance of every product that was developed in ENVISION. More specifically, for every business case the pilot, the data collection, the validation results and limitations are described. This work package aims at designing and developing the EO data products of the ENVISION platform, which will address all the potential customers' specific needs. An initial version of this deliverable was provided in M18 as part of D3.4, the Data Product Validation Report. This version builds upon that initial report, incorporating additional insights and results for further validation based on refinement processes. The results presented herein represent the final outcomes based on historical data, summarizing our efforts throughout the development of ENVISION products and services.
Spectral fluctuations in the interacting boson model
Creators: name: Wu, Yu-Qing
name: Teng, Wei
name: Hou, Xiao-Jie
name: Gui-Xiu
name: Zhang, Yu
name: He, Bing-Cheng
name: Na, Yan-An Luo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy dependence of the spectral fluctuations in the interacting boson model (IBM) and its connections to the mean-field structures have been analyzed through adopting two statistical measures, the nearest neighbor level spacing distribution $P(S)$ measuring the chaoticity (regularity) in energy spectra and the $Δ_3(L)$ statistics of Dyson and Metha measuring the spectral rigidity. Specifically, the statistical results as functions of the energy cutoff have been worked out for different dynamical situations including the U(5)-SU(3) and SU(3)-O(6) transitions as well as those near the AW arc of regularity. It is found that most of the changes in spectral fluctuations are triggered near the stationary points of the classical potential especially for the cases in the deformed region of the IBM phase diagram. The results thus justify the stationary point effects from the point of view of statistics. In addition, the approximate degeneracies in the $2^+$ spectrum on the AW arc is also revealed from the statistical calculations.
Messung der differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnitte der assoziierten Produktion von Top-Quark- und Bottom-Quark-Paaren $(t\bar{t}+b\bar{b})$ m dileptonischen Zerfallskanal bei $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV mithilfe des CMS Experiments
Creators: name: Aldaya Martin, Maria
name: Diez Pardos, Carmen
name: Bartosik, Nazar
name: Saibel, Andrej
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: 50. Herbstschule für Hochenergiephysik 2018, MariaLaach2018, Glees, Herbstschule für Hochenergiephysik Maria Laach, Germany, 4 Sep 2018 - 14 Sep 2018
Additional file 1 of Validation and cultural adaptation of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) for the Portuguese population
Creators: name: Antunes, Bárbara
name: Ferreira, Pedro Lopes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Demographics, time of completion and main opinions about IPOS by patients and healthcare professionals. Table 2. Open question 1a, 1b, 1c: “What have been the main concerns in the past week?”
Towards a complete organotypic model of Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Bagnoli, Enrico
name: Healy, Sinead
name: McMahon, Jill
name: FitzGerald, Una
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. This progressive neurological disorder is characterised by a large number of motor and non-motor features due, in part, to the lack of dopamine released in the striatum as a result of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNpc).

In order to achieve a better understanding of the disease and to develop new effective therapeutics, an important step is the creation of a complete model of the disease. While a variety of in vivo/in vitro models have been reported none of them are able to phenocopy PD, mainly because they lack some specific neuropathological and/or behavioural feature of the disease. In this sense organotypic brain slices can be a useful tool as they maintain the cytoarchitecture and neuronal connections as in vivo, while conserving some features of in vitro models such as an easy experimental accessibility and good environmental control. Furthermore, they do not require the high technical and financial resources if in vivo studies and more importantly they are able to reduce the number of animal used for scientific purposes.
Additional file 1 of Digital consultations in Swedish primary health care: a qualitative study of physicians’ job control, demand and support
Creators: name: Fernemark, Hanna
name: Skagerström, Janna
name: Seing, Ida
name: Ericsson, Carin
name: Nilsen, Per
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide - Digital consultations with physicians.
A Percolation based M2M Networking Architecture for Data Transmission and Routing
Creators: name: Lu, Jihua
name: An, Jianping
name: Li, Xiangming
name: Yang, Jie
name: Yang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94C30

description: We propose a percolation based M2M networking architecture and its data transmission method. The proposed network architecture can be server-free and router-free, which allows us to operate routing efficiently with percolations based on six degrees of separation theory in small world network modeling. The data transmission can be divided into two phases: routing and data transmission phases. In the routing phase, probe packets will be transmitted and forwarded in the network thus multiple paths are selected and performed based on the constriction of the maximum hop number. In the second phase, the information will be encoded, say, with the fountain codes, and transmitted using the paths generated in the first phase. In such a way, an efficient routing and data transmission mechanism can be built, which allow us to construct a low-cost, flexible and ubiquitous network. Such a networking architecture and data transmission can be used in many M2M communications, such as the stub network of internet of things, and deep space networking, and so on.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. We propose a percolation based routing and data transmission method for the M2M network, which consists of routing phase and transmission phases. In the routing phase, probes packets are transmitted and flowed in the network, multiple paths are built to form a route. After that, the data file will be fountain encoded and the transmitted
'It's Just Business' ... Or Is It? When An Efficient Breach of Contract Becomes Unconscionable Conduct under the Australian Consumer Law
Creators: name: Giancaspro, Mark
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Contract law

description: In business it is sometimes more economically viable for a party to intentionally breach their contract with the other party and pay damages than it is to proceed with the agreement. The theory of efficient breach justifies this behaviour on the basis that the innocent party is adequately compensated and the party in breach is ‘better off’ as a consequence of abandoning the contract. There is limited judicial authority suggesting that such a breach may violate the statutory prohibitions against unconscionable conduct in trade or commerce contained in the Australian Consumer Law. The point at which it may do so remains unclear. This article critically considers the relationship between the common law of contract and the Australian Consumer Law in this context and examines the relevant case law to identify when an efficient breach of contract may amount to statutory unconscionability.
Uniformly Regular and Singular Riemannian Manifolds
Creators: name: Amann, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K65, 58J32, 58J35, 53C15

description: A detailed study of uniformly regular Riemannian manifolds and manifolds with singular ends is carried out in this paper. Such classes of manifolds are of fundamental importance for a Sobolev space solution theory for parabolic evolution equations on non-compact Riemannian manifolds with and without boundary. Besides pointing out this connection in some detail we present large families of uniformly regular and singular manifolds which are admissible for this analysis.
description: 5 figures. Final version. To appear in a volume of "Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics"
Charge order driven by Fermi-arc instability in Bi2201
Creators: name: Comin, R.
name: Frano, A.
name: Yee, M. M.
name: Yoshida, Y.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Schierle, E.
name: Weschke, E.
name: Sutarto, R.
name: He, F.
name: Soumyanarayanan, A.
name: He, Yang
name: Tacon, M. Le
name: Elfimov, I. S.
name: Hoffman, J. E.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Damascelli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of the origin of superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent diversity of intertwining electronic orders in these materials. We combined resonant x-ray scattering (REXS), scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM), and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to observe a charge order that appears consistently in surface and bulk, and in momentum and real space within one cuprate family, Bi2201. The observed wave vectors rule out simple antinodal nesting in the single-particle limit but match well with a phenomenological model of a many-body instability of the Fermi arcs. Combined with earlier observations of electronic order in other cuprate families, these findings suggest the existence of a generic charge-ordered state in underdoped cuprates and uncover its intimate connection to the pseudogap regime.
description: A high resolution version can be found at http://www.phas.ubc.ca/~quantmat/ARPES/PUBLICATIONS/Articles/Bi2201_CDW_REXS_STM.pdf"
Additional file 1 of Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia
Creators: name: Balabathina, Veera Narayana
name: R. P. Raju
name: Wuletaw Mulualem
name: Gedefaw Tadele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Background data analysis.
Pseudospectrum and binary black hole merger transients
Creators: name: Jaramillo, José Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The merger phase of binary black hole coalescences is a transient between an initial oscillating regime (inspiral) and a late exponentially damped phase (ringdown). In spite of the non-linear character of Einstein equations, the merger dynamics presents a surprisingly simple behaviour consistent with effective linearity. On the other hand, energy loss through the event horizon and by scattering to infinity renders the system non-conservative. Hence, the infinitesimal generator of the (effective) linear dynamics is a non-selfadjoint operator. Qualitative features of transients in linear dynamics driven by non-selfadjoint (in general, non-normal) operators are captured by the pseudospectrum of the time generator. We propose the pseudospectrum as a unifying framework to thread together the phases of binary black hole coalescences, from the inspiral-merger transition up to the late quasinormal mode ringdown.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Towards precise predictions for Higgs-boson production in the MSSM
Creators: name: Bagnaschi, E.
name: Harlander, R. V.
name: Liebler, S.
name: Mantler, H.
name: Slavich, P.
name: Vicini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons via gluon fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the MSSM. Relying on the NNLO-QCD calculation implemented in the public code SusHi, we provide precise predictions for the Higgs-production cross section in six benchmark scenarios compatible with the LHC searches. We also provide a detailed discussion of the sources of theoretical uncertainty in our calculation. We examine the dependence of the cross section on the renormalization and factorization scales, on the precise definition of the Higgs-bottom coupling and on the choice of PDFs, as well as the uncertainties associated to our incomplete knowledge of the SUSY contributions through NNLO. In particular, a potentially large uncertainty originates from uncomputed higher-order QCD corrections to the bottom-quark contributions to gluon fusion.
description: 62 pages, 24 pdf figures; v2: minor clarifications, improved plot quality, matches published version
DataAndCode.zip
Creators: name: Auld, Graeme
name: Papastathopoulos, Ioannis
name: Hegerl, Gabi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climatology

description: Regional R dataframes for each region define in Table 1 of "Changes in the distribution of observed annual maximum temperatures in Europe". These are based on the raw daily level data from https://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/downloadversion19.0eHOM.php
 There are also 3 R scripts which show how to fit models and perform cross-validation and diagnostics.
title: Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki application on non-target nocturnal macromoth biodiversity in the eastern boreal forest, Canada
Creators: name: Young, Jodi Olivia
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Lepidoptera, including butterflies and moths, play vital roles as herbivores, pollinators, and food sources, but also include species considered forest pests. The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk), a widely used bio-insecticide for controlling forest pests like the spruce budworm, on non-target lepidoptera in Canada remains uncertain. To address this, I established a replicated field study to evaluate the effects of Btk on non-target nocturnal macromoth communities in the eastern boreal forest of western Newfoundland, Canada. Over two years, I sampled moths across four groups: north treatment, north control, south treatment, and south control. My analysis focused on species diversity, abundance, and composition. Results showed no significant differences in total abundance or species composition between treatment and control groups. In 2022, control sites had significantly higher Hill numbers for Shannon and Simpson diversity compared to treatment sites. In 2021, differences in Hill numbers were only observed between north controls and treatments. These findings indicate that after multiple years of treatment, there can be shifts in the relative abundance of certain species, but without significant changes in species richness, total abundance, or composition between control and treatment groups. These results suggest that Btk can lead to stand-level shifts in relative abundance but does not substantially alter community structure during the early stages of treatment. The responses of species are idiosyncratic, likely influenced by differences in phenology and voltinism. Monitoring the impacts of Btk on non-target lepidoptera is crucial to effectively manage forest pests while minimizing unintended consequences for non-target species.
Conservation laws for potential vorticity in a salty ocean or cloudy atmosphere
Creators: name: Kooloth, Parvathi
name: Smith, Leslie M.
name: Stechmann, Samuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important conservation laws in atmospheric and oceanic science is conservation of potential vorticity. The original derivation is approximately a century old, in the work of Rossby and Ertel, and it is related to the celebrated circulation theorems of Kelvin and Bjerknes. However, the laws apply to idealized fluids, and extensions to more realistic scenarios have been problematic. Here, these laws are extended to hold with additional fundamental complexities, including salinity in the ocean, or moisture and clouds in the atmosphere. In the absence of these additional complexities, it is known that potential vorticity is conserved following each fluid parcel; here, for a salty ocean or cloudy atmosphere, the general conserved quantity is potential vorticity integrated over certain pancake-shaped volumes. Furthermore, the conservation laws are also related to a symmetry in the Lagrangian, which brings a connection to the symmetry-conservation relationships seen in other areas of physics.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Interface superconductivity in LaAlO$_{3}$-SrTiO$_{3}$ heterostructures
Creators: name: Klimin, S. N.
name: Tempere, J.
name: Devreese, J. T.
name: van der Marel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interface superconductivity in LaAlO$_{3}$-SrTiO$_{3}$ heterostructures reveals a non-monotonic behavior of the critical temperature as a function of the two-dimensional density of charge carriers. We develop a theoretical description of interface superconductivity in strongly polar heterostructures, based on the dielectric function formalism. The density dependence of the critical temperature is calculated accounting for all phonon branches including different types of optical (interface and half-space) and acoustic phonons. The LO- and acoustic-phonon-mediated electron-electron interaction is shown to be the dominating mechanism governing the superconducting phase transition in the heterostructure.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Physical Review B
Jellyfish: Evidence of extreme ram-pressure stripping in massive galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Ebeling, Harald
name: Stephenson, Lauren N.
name: Edge, Alastair C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ram-pressure stripping by the gaseous intra-cluster medium has been proposed as the dominant physical mechanism driving the rapid evolution of galaxies in dense environments. Detailed studies of this process have, however, largely been limited to relatively modest examples affecting only the outermost gas layers of galaxies in nearby and/or low-mass galaxy clusters. We here present results from our search for extreme cases of gas-galaxy interactions in much more massive, X-ray selected clusters at $z>0.3$. Using Hubble Space Telescope snapshots in the F606W and F814W passbands, we have discovered dramatic evidence of ram-pressure stripping in which copious amounts of gas are first shock compressed and then removed from galaxies falling into the cluster. Vigorous starbursts triggered by this process across the galaxy-gas interface and in the debris trail cause these galaxies to temporarily become some of the brightest cluster members in the F606W passband, capable of outshining even the Brightest Cluster Galaxy. Based on the spatial distribution and orientation of systems viewed nearly edge-on in our survey, we speculate that infall at large impact parameter gives rise to particularly long-lasting stripping events. Our sample of six spectacular examples identified in clusters from the Massive Cluster Survey, all featuring $M_{\rm F606W}0.2$ and facilitates detailed quantitative studies of the most violent galaxy evolution in clusters.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 2 figures. Updated to match the final, published version
Noether charge formalism for Weyl invariant theories of gravity
Creators: name: Alonso-Serrano, Ana
name: Garay, Luis J.
name: Liška, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational theories invariant under transverse diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations have the same classical solutions as the corresponding fully diffeomorphism invariant theories. However, they solve some of the problems related to the cosmological constant and in principle allow local energy non-conservation. In the present work, we obtain the Noether charge formalism for these theories. We first derive expressions for the Noether currents and charges corresponding to transverse diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations, showing that the latter vanish identically. We then use these results to obtain an expression for a perturbation of a Hamiltonian corresponding to evolution along a transverse diffeomorphism generator. From this expression, we derive the first law of black hole mechanics, identifying the total energy, the total angular momentum, the Wald entropy, and the contributions of the cosmological constant perturbations and energy non-conservation. Lastly, we extend our formalism to derive the first law of causal diamonds.
description: 20 pages
Comparison of medical undergraduate education in the metaverse, online, and face-to-face
Creators: name: Surina Mittal
name: Shafi Ahmed
name: Murphy, Jamie
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Virtual reality (VR) is increasing in popularity at an exponential rate. With a large switch to remote methods of teaching since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there have been suggestions of reduced teaching efficacy and enjoyment. Here, the use of VR as an alternative way to deliver remote medical teaching is compared with online and F2F methods.
Raman cooling imaging: Detecting single atoms near their ground state of motion
Creators: name: Lester, Brian J.
name: Kaufman, Adam M.
name: Regal, Cindy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate imaging of neutral atoms via the light scattered during continuous Raman sideband cooling. We detect single atoms trapped in optical tweezers while maintaining a significant motional ground-state fraction. The techniques presented provide a framework for single-atom resolved imaging of a broad class of atomic species.
Spin frequency distributions of binary millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Papitto, A.
name: Torres, D. F.
name: Rea, N.
name: Tauris, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotation-powered millisecond radio pulsars have been spun up to their present spin period by a $10^8$ - $10^9$ yr long X-ray-bright phase of accretion of matter and angular momentum in a low-to-intermediate mass binary system. Recently, the discovery of transitional pulsars that alternate cyclically between accretion and rotation-powered states on time scales of a few years or shorter, has demonstrated this evolutionary scenario. Here, we present a thorough statistical analysis of the spin distributions of the various classes of millisecond pulsars to assess the evolution of their spin period between the different stages. Accreting sources that showed oscillations exclusively during thermonuclear type I X-ray bursts (nuclear-powered millisecond pulsars) are found to be significantly faster than rotation-powered sources, while accreting sources that possess a magnetosphere and show coherent pulsations (accreting millisecond pulsars) are not. On the other hand, if accreting millisecond pulsars and eclipsing rotation-powered millisecond pulsars form a common class of transitional pulsars, these are shown to have a spin distribution intermediate between the faster nuclear-powered millisecond pulsars and the slower non-eclipsing rotation-powered millisecond pulsars. We interpret these findings in terms of a spin-down due to the decreasing mass-accretion rate during the latest stages of the accretion phase, and in terms of the different orbital evolutionary channels mapped by the various classes of pulsars. We summarize possible instrumental selection effects, showing that even if an unbiased sample of pulsars is still lacking, their influence on the results of the presented analysis is reduced by recent improvements in instrumentation and searching techniques.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (6 pages, 4 figures)
Supplementary Materials for: When morphology does not fit the genomes: the case of rodent olfaction; Data S1
Creators: name: Martinez, Quentin
name: Courcelle, Maxime
name: Douzery, Emmanuel
name: Fabre, Pierre-Henri
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: See table of contents; R scripts, CSV files and nexus phylogeny needed to perform analyses and figures presented in this study
Ultrafast electronic heat dissipation through surface-to-bulk Coulomb coupling in quantum materials
Creators: name: Principi, Alessandro
name: Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The timescale of electronic cooling is an important parameter controlling the performance of devices based on quantum materials for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and thermal management applications. In most conventional materials, cooling proceeds via the emission of phonons, a relatively slow process that can bottleneck the carrier relaxation dynamics, thus degrading the device performance. Here we present the theory of near-field radiative heat transfer, that occurs when a two-dimensional electron system is coupled via the non-retarded Coulomb interaction to a three-dimensional bulk that can behave as a very efficient electronic heat sink. We apply our theory to study the cooling dynamics of surface states of three dimensional topological insulators, and of graphene in proximity to small-gap bulk materials. The ``Coulomb cooling'' we introduce is alternative to the conventional phonon-mediated cooling, can be very efficient and dominate the cooling dynamics under certain circumstances. We show that this cooling mechanism can lead to a sub-picosecond time scale, significantly faster than the cooling dynamics normally observed in Dirac materials.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
EEF Reciprocal Reading effectiveness trial
Creators: name: Blas, Neus Torres
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Education
subject: RCT
subject: Reciprocal Reading
subject: reading comprehension
subject: EEF

description: Randomised controlled trial (RCT) that tests the impact of Reciprocal Reading, a 12-week, targeted, structured approach to teaching reading comprehension to primary school pupils.
On alternative wavelet reconstruction formula: a case study of approximate wavelets
Creators: name: Lebedeva, Elena A.
name: Postnikov, Eugene B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C40, 65T60

description: The application of the continuous wavelet transform to study of a wide class of physical processes with oscillatory dynamics is restricted by large central frequencies due to the admissibility condition. We propose an alternative reconstruction formula for the continuous wavelet transform, which is applicable even if the admissibility condition is violated. The case of the transform with the standard Morlet wavelet, which is an important example of such analyzing functions, is discussed.
description: 6 pages
Figs S1-S6, Tables S1-S3 from Anthropogenic predictors of varying Holocene occurrence for Europe's large mammal fauna
Creators: name: Ament, Judith M.
name: Carbone, Chris
name: Crees, Jennifer J.
name: Freeman, Robin
name: Turvey, Samuel T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: All electronic supplementary material
Oscillation Modes and Gravitational Waves from Strangeon Stars
Creators: name: Li, Hong-Bo
name: Gao, Yong
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Xu, Ren-Xin
name: Xu, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong interaction at low energy scales determines the equation of state (EOS) of supranuclear matters in neutron stars (NSs). It is conjectured that the bulk dense matter may be composed of strangeons, which are quark clusters with nearly equal numbers of $u$, $d$, and $s$ quarks. To characterize the strong-repulsive interaction at short distance and the nonrelativistic nature of strangeons, a phenomenological Lennard-Jones model with two parameters is used to describe the EOS of strangeon stars (SSs). For the first time, we investigate the oscillation modes of non-rotating SSs and obtain their frequencies for various parameterizations of the EOS. We find that the properties of radial oscillations of SSs are different from those of NSs, especially for stars with relatively low central energy densities. Moreover, we calculate the $f$-mode frequency of nonradial oscillations of SSs within the relativistic Cowling approximation. The frequencies of the $f$-mode of SSs are found to be in the range from $6.7\,$kHz to $ 8.7\,\rm{kHz}$. Finally, we study the universal relations between the $f$-mode frequency and global properties of SSs, such as the compactness and the tidal deformability. The results we obtained are relevant to pulsar timing and gravitational waves, and will help to probe NSs' EOSs and infer nonperturbative behaviours in quantum chromodynamics.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures; accepted by MNRAS
How Material Heterogeneity Creates Rough Fractures
Creators: name: Steinhardt, Will
name: Rubinstein, Shmuel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractures are a critical process in how materials wear, weaken, and fail whose unpredictable behavior can have dire consequences. While the behavior of smooth cracks in ideal materials is well understood, it is assumed that for real, heterogeneous systems, fracture propagation is complex, generating rough fracture surfaces that are highly sensitive to specific details of the medium. Here we show how fracture roughness and material heterogeneity are inextricably connected via a simple framework. Studying hydraulic fractures in brittle hydrogels that have been supplemented with microbeads or glycerol to create controlled material heterogeneity, we show that the morphology of the crack surface depends solely on one parameter: the probability to perturb the front above a critical size to produce a step-like instability. This probability scales linearly with the number density, and as heterogeneity size to the $5/2$ power. The ensuing behavior is universal and is captured by the 1D ballistic propagation and annihilation of steps along the singular fracture front.
The effect of DOPAL on the bioenergetic performances of primary olfactory bulb mixed cultures
Creators: name: Bagnoli, Enrico
name: FitzGerald, Una
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: The olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the first places affected by neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, a reduced ability to detect odours (called hyposmia), is one of the prodromal symptoms, affecting patience up to decades before the diagnosis of the disease is made. Increased concentration of DOPAL, a metabolite of dopamine, have been associated with PD progression. The presence of dopaminergic neurons and thus DOPAL in the OB could explain the high vulnerability of this region.
Not Child-Related: Unnecessary Working with Children Checks as Irrelevant Criminal Records Discrimination
Creators: name: Stormont, Nathan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other law and legal studies not elsewhere classified

description: From personal trainers to plumbers, many Victorians are now asked by their employers to pass a working with children check (‘WWCC’). Workplaces impose these policies despite not being ‘child-related’ under the Worker Screening Act 2020 (Vic). They therefore lack any legal requirement or entitlement to do so. As a consequence, persons with a criminal record are increasingly excluded from employment involving minimal or no contact with children. This paper explores the causes and consequences of unnecessary WWCC policies. Its aims are twofold: first, having regard to the statutory framework for WWCCs and recent developments in anti-discrimination law, it argues that these policies should be framed as a form of irrelevant criminal records discrimination. Secondly, it examines the scope and effectiveness of remedies available to those refused or fired from non-child-related work for failing to pass a WWCC: anti-discrimination complaints on the basis of irrelevant criminal records discrimination; fair work protections; and merits review of WWCC decisions by administrative tribunals. This paper closes by proposing WWCC applications should only be processed where applicants provide evidence of an intention to work with children, and that penalties should be imposed on non-child-related employers requiring staff to pass a WWCC.