cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Isentropic perturbations of a chaotic domain
Creators: name: Shevchenko, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three major properties of the chaotic dynamics of the standard map, namely, the measure μof the main connected chaotic domain, the maximum Lyapunov exponent L of the motion in this domain, and the dynamical entropy h = μL are studied as functions of the stochasticity parameter K. The perturbations of the domain due to emergence and disintegration of islands of stability, upon small variations of K, are considered in particular. By means of extensive numerical experiments, it is shown that these perturbations are isentropic (at least approximately). In other words, the dynamical entropy does not fluctuate, while local jumps in μand L are significant.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Solubility of water in peridotite liquids and the prevalence of steam atmospheres on rocky planets
Creators: name: Sossi, Paolo A.
name: Tollan, Peter M. E.
name: Badro, James
name: Bower, Dan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheres are products of time-integrated mass exchange between the surface of a planet and its interior. On Earth and other planetary bodies, magma oceans likely marked significant atmosphere-forming events, during which both steam- and carbon-rich atmospheres may have been generated. However, the nature of Earth's early atmosphere, and those around other rocky planets, remains unclear for lack of constraints on the solubility of water in liquids of appropriate composition. Here we determine water solubility in 14 peridotite liquids, representative of Earth's mantle, synthesised in a laser-heated aerodynamic levitation furnace. We explore oxygen fugacities (fO$_2$) between -1.9 and +6.0 log units relative to the iron-wüstite buffer at constant temperature (2173$\pm$50 K) and total pressure (1 bar). The resulting fH$_2$O ranged from 0 to 0.027 bar and fH$_2$ from 0 to 0.064 bar. Total H$_2$O contents were determined by transmission FTIR spectroscopy from the absorption band at 3550cm$^{-1}$ and applying the Beer-Lambert law. The mole fraction of water in the liquid is $\propto$ (fH$_2$O)$^{0.5}$, attesting to its dissolution as OH. The data are fit by a solubility coefficient of 524$\pm$16 ppmw/bar$^{0.5}$, for a molar absorption coefficient, $ε_{3550}$, of 6.3$\pm$0.3 m$^2$/mol in basaltic glasses or 647$\pm$25 ppmw/bar$^{0.5}$, with $ε_{3550}$ = 5.1$\pm$0.3m$^2$/mol for peridotitic glasses. These solubility constants are 10-25 % lower than those for basaltic liquids at 1623 K and 1 bar. Higher temperature lowers water solubility, offsetting the greater depolymerisation of peridotite melts that would otherwise increase H$_2$O solubility relative to basaltic liquids. Because the solubility of water remains high relative to that of CO$_2$, steam atmospheres are rare, although they may form under oxidising conditions on telluric bodies, provided high H/C ratios prevail.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Prescription drug monitoring and drug overdose mortality
Creators: name: Li, Guohua
name: Brady, Joanne E.
name: Lang, Barbara
name: Giglio, James F.
name: Wunsch, Hannah
name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: Background: Abuse of prescription drugs, particularly opioid analgesics, has become a major source of injury mortality and morbidity in the United States. To prevent the diversion and misuse of controlled substances, many states have implemented prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). This study assessed the impact of state PDMPs on drug overdose mortality. Methods: We analyzed demographic and drug overdose mortality data for state-quarters with and without PDMPs in 50 states and the District of Columbia during 1999–2008, and estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of drug overdose mortality associated with the implementation of state PDMPs through multivariable negative bionomial regression modeling. ResultsL During the study period, annual national death rates from drug overdose increased by 96%, from 5.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 1999 to 11.2 in 2008. The impact of PDMPs on drug overdose mortality varied greatly across states, ranging from a 35% decrease in Michigan (aRR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.54–0.77) to a more than 3-fold increase in Nevada (aRR = 3.37; 95% CI = 2.48–4.59). Overall, implementation of PDMPs was associated with an 11% increase in drug overdose mortality (aRR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02–1.21). Conclusions: Implementation of PDMPs did not reduce drug overdose mortality in most states through 2008. Program enhancement that facilitates the access and use of prescription drug monitoring data systems by healthcare practitioners is needed.
Impact studies on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) - graphene composites
Creators: name: Narasimhan, Swetha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composites offer high mechanical properties and have a wide range of potential applications including structural reinforcement materials, biomedical applications, packaging materials etc. The present study investigates the effect of the addition of graphene into the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix. Graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composites (G-PMCs) were prepared using a high shear in-situ method with good particle-matrix adhesion of graphene at 2 wt.% and 35 wt.% in PEEK. The impact strength and the morphology of neat PEEK, 2% G-PEEK and 35% G-PEEK were characterized using Izod impact testing and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the impact strength of graphene reinforced PEEK is higher than neat PEEK at all degrees of exfoliation.
Investigation of alpha-induced reactions on the p nucleus 168Yb
Creators: name: Netterdon, L.
name: Demetriou, P.
name: Endres, J.
name: Giesen, U.
name: Kiss, G. G.
name: Sauerwein, A.
name: Szücs, T.
name: Zell, K. O.
name: Zilges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross sections for the 168Yb(alpha,gamma)172Hf and 168Yb(alpha,n)171$Hf reactions were measured by means of the activation method using alpha particles with energies between 12.9 MeV and 15.1 MeV. The spectroscopy of the gamma rays emitted by the reaction products was performed using three different HPGe detector types, namely clover-type high-purity germanium detectors, a low-energy photon spectrometer detector, and a coaxial high-purity germanium detector. The results were compared to Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations. Within certain assumptions, astrophysical conclusions could be drawn concerning the production of the p nucleus 168Yb. The data in this work can serve as a contribution to the current very fragmentary experimental data base for charged-particle induced reactions. In addition, the absolute intensity for nine gamma-ray transitions following the electron capture decay of 171Hf could be derived.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, published in Nucl. Phys. A
Deep Generative Models of Protein Domain Structures Can Uncover Distant Relationships: Evidence for an Urfold
Creators: name: Draizen, Eli
name: Menuka Jaiswal
name: Saleem, Saad
name: Yonghyeon Kweon
name: Veretnik, Stella
name: Mura, Cameron
name: Bourne, Philip E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Protein Structure
Deep Learning
Sequence, Structure, Function
Protein Evolution

description: Recent advances in protein structure determination and prediction offer new opportunities to decipher relationships amongst proteins—a task that entails 3D structure comparison and classification. Historically, protein domain classification has been somewhat manual and heuristic. While CATH and related resources represent significant steps towards a more systematic and automatable approach, more scalable and objective classification methods will enable a fuller exploration of protein structure or ‘fold’ space. Comparative analyses of protein structure latent spaces may uncover distant relationships, and will potentially entail a large-scale restructuring of traditional classification schemes. We have developed 3D convolutional variational autoencoders to ‘define’ ideal geometries and biophysical properties of proteins at CATH’s homologous superfamily (SF) level. To quantitatively evaluate pairwise ‘distances’ between SFs, we built one model per SF and compared the evidence lower bound (ELBO) loss functions of the models when evaluated with different SF structure representatives. Clustering on these distance matrices provides a new view of protein interrelationships—a view that extends beyond simple structural/geometric similarity, towards the realm of structure/function properties, and that is consistent with a recently proposed ‘Urfold’ concept.
SuSy: The Early Years (1966-1976)
Creators: name: Ramond, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the early evolution of theories with fermion-boson symmetry
description: To appear in the special issue of the EPJ C journal entitled "SUSY after the Higgs discovery"
The hazards of lack of co-registration of ictal brain SPECT with MRI: A case report of sinusitis mimicking a brainstem seizure focus
Creators: name: Butler, Tracy
name: Hirsch, Lawrence J.
name: Claassen, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Neurology

description: Background: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) following injection of radiotracer during a seizure is known as ictal SPECT. Comparison of an ictal SPECT study to a baseline or interictal study can aid identification of a seizure focus. Case presentation: A young woman with encephalitis and refractory seizures underwent brain SPECT during a period of frequent seizure-like episodes, and during a seizure-free period. A focal area of increased radiotracer uptake present only when she was experiencing frequent seizure-like episodes was originally localized to the brainstem, but with later computerized co-registration of SPECT to MRI, was found to lie outside the brain, in the region of the sphenoid sinus. Conclusion: Low-resolution SPECT images present difficulties in interpretation, which can be overcome through co-registration to higher-resolution structural images.
Vitamin A deficiency and inflammatory markers among preschool children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Creators: name: Maqsood, Maria
name: Dancheck, Barbara
name: Gamble, Mary
name: Palafox, Neal
name: Ricks, Michelle
name: Briand, Kennar
name: Semba, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental health

description: Background: The exclusion of individuals with elevated acute phase proteins has been advocated in order to improve prevalence estimates of vitamin A deficiency in surveys, but it is unclear whether this will lead to sampling bias. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the exclusion of individuals with elevated acute phase proteins is associated with sampling bias and to characterize inflammation in children with night blindness. Methods: In a survey in the Republic of the Marshall Islands involving 281 children, aged 1–5 years, serum retinol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured. Results: Of 281 children, 24 (8.5%) had night blindness and 165 (58.7%) had serum retinol <0.70 μmol/L. Of 248 children with AGP and CRP measurements, 123 (49.6%) had elevated acute phase proteins (CRP >5 mg/L and/or AGP >1000 mg/L). Among children with and without night blindness, the proportion with serum retinol
First-principles study of excitonic effects in Raman intensities
Creators: name: Gillet, Yannick
name: Giantomassi, Matteo
name: Gonze, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ab initio prediction of Raman intensities for bulk solids usually relies on the hypothesis that the frequency of the incident laser light is much smaller than the band gap. However, when the photon frequency is a sizeable fraction of the energy gap, or higher, resonance effects appear. In the case of silicon, when excitonic effects are neglected, the response of the solid to light increases by nearly three orders of magnitude in the range of frequencies between the static limit and the gap. When excitonic effects are taken into account, an additional tenfold increase in the intensity is observed. We include these effects using a finite-difference scheme applied on the dielectric function obtained by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Our results for the Raman susceptibility of silicon show stronger agreement with experimental data compared with previous theoretical studies. For the sampling of the Brillouin zone, a double-grid technique is proposed, resulting in a significant reduction in computational effort.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Physical Review B for publication (http://prb.aps.org/accepted/04072OdeQ2b16026a41081b31f5872037b42287ba)
Altered protein dynamics of disease-associated lamin A mutants
Creators: name: Gilchrist, Susan
name: Gilbert, Nick
name: Perry, Paul
name: Östlund, Cecilia A.
name: Worman, Howard J.
name: Bickmore, Wendy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Cytology
Pathology

description: Background: Recent interest in the function of the nuclear lamina has been provoked by the discovery of lamin A/C mutations in the laminopathy diseases. However, it is not understood why mutations in lamin A give such a range of tissue-specific phenotypes. Part of the problem in rationalising genotype-phenotype correlations in the laminopathies is our lack of understanding of the function of normal and mutant lamin A. To investigate this we have used photobleaching in human cells to analyse the dynamics of wild-type and mutant lamin A protein at the nuclear periphery. Results: We have found that a large proportion of wild-type lamin A at the nuclear periphery is immobile, but that there is some slow movement of lamin A within the nuclear lamina. The mobility of an R482W mutant lamin A was indistinguishable from wild-type, but increased mobility of L85R and L530P mutant proteins within the nuclear lamina was found. However, the N195K mutant shows the most enhanced protein mobility, both within the nucleoplasm and within the lamina. Conclusion: The slow kinetics of lamin A movement is compatible with its incorporation into a stable polymer that only exchanges subunits very slowly. All of the myopathy-associated lamin A mutants that we have studied show increased protein movement compared with wild-type. In contrast, the dynamic behaviour of the lipodystrophy-associated lamin A mutant was indistinguishable from wild-type. This supports the hypothesis that the underlying defect in lamin A function is quite distinct in the laminopathies that affect striated muscle, compared to the diseases that affect adipose tissue. Our data are consistent with an alteration in the stability of the lamin A molecules within the higher-order polymer at the nuclear lamina in myopathies.
Selective and Ramsey ultrafilters on $G$-spaces
Creators: name: Petrenko, O. V.
name: Protasov, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D10, 54H15

description: Let $G$ be a group, $X$ be an infinite transitive $G$-space. A free ultrafilter $\UU$ on $X$ is called $G$-selective if, for any $G$-invariant partition $\PP$ of $X$, either one cell of $\PP$ is a member of $\UU$, or there is a member of $\UU$ which meets each cell of $\PP$ in at most one point. We show (Theorem 1) that in ZFC with no additional set-theoretical assumptions there exists a $G$-selective ultrafilter on $X$, describe all $G$-spaces $X$ (Theorem 2) such that each free ultrafilter on $X$ is $G$-selective, and prove (Theorem 3) that a free ultrafilter $\UU$ on $ω$ is selective if and only if $\UU$ is $G$-selective with respect to the action of any countable group $G$ of permutations of $ω$. A free ultrafilter $\UU$ on $X$ is called $G$-Ramsey if, for any $G$-invariant coloring $χ:[G]^2 \to \{0,1\}$, there is $U\in \UU$ such that $[U]^2$ is $χ$-monochrome. By Theorem 4, each $G$-Ramsey ultrafilter on $X$ is $G$-selective. Theorems 5 and 6 give us a plenty of $\mathbb{Z}$-selective ultrafilters on $\mathbb{Z}$ (as a regular $\mathbb{Z}$-space) but not $\mathbb{Z}$-Ramsey. We conjecture that each $\mathbb{Z}$-Ramsey ultrafilter is selective.
The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf
Creators: name: Burningham, Ben
name: Smith, L.
name: Cardoso, C. V.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Burgasser, A. J.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Smart, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of ULAS J131610.28+075553.0, a sdT6.5 dwarf in the UKIDSS Large Area Survey 2 epoch proper motion catalogue. This object displays significant spectral peculiarity, with the largest yet seen deviations from T6 and T7 templates in the Y and K bands for this subtype. Its large, ~1 arcsec/yr, proper motion suggests a large tangential velocity of Vtan = 240 - 340km/s, if we assume its MJ lies within the typical range for T6.5 dwarfs. This makes it a candidate for membership of the Galactic halo population. However, other metal poor T dwarfs exhibit significant under luminosity both in specific bands and bolometrically. As a result, it is likely that its velocity is somewhat smaller, and we conclude it is a likely thick disc or halo member. This object represents the only T dwarf earlier than T8 to be classified as a subdwarf, and is a significant addition to the currently small number of known unambiguously substellar subdwarfs.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. MNRAS accepted
Increasing Access to College-Level Math: Early Outcomes Using the Virginia Placement Test
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Olga
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Educational tests and measurements
Education and state
School management and organization

description: In spring 2012, the Virginia Community College System introduced a new math placement test, known as the Virginia Placement Test–Math (VPT).  The system also implemented a new placement policy, with different math competencies required for the entry-level college math courses in liberal arts and STEM programs. This brief examines differences in students’ college math enrollment and completion rates before and after the introduction of the VPT and the new placement policy. After the VPT was implemented, a greater proportion of students placed into and enrolled in college-level math courses, and these higher enrollments boosted course completion rates for the cohort as a whole. However, pass rates among students who enrolled in entry-level math courses declined modestly. These findings highlight a tradeoff that should be acknowledged when planning reforms to reduce remedial placement rates using a placement instrument. Changes to how academic supports are deployed and changes to teaching and learning strategies used in college math courses could improve conditional pass rates over time.
Information dissemination processes in directed social networks
Creators: name: Avrachenkov, Konstantin
name: De Turck, Koen
name: Fiems, Dieter
name: Prabhu, Balakrishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social networks can have asymmetric relationships. In the online social network Twitter, a follower receives tweets from a followed person but the followed person is not obliged to subscribe to the channel of the follower. Thus, it is natural to consider the dissemination of information in directed networks. In this work we use the mean-field approach to derive differential equations that describe the dissemination of information in a social network with asymmetric relationships. In particular, our model reflects the impact of the degree distribution on the information propagation process. We further show that for an important subclass of our model, the differential equations can be solved analytically.
Supersolidity of $α$ cluster structure in $^{40}$Ca
Creators: name: Ohkubo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $α$ cluster structure in nuclei has been long understood based on the geometrical configuration picture. By using the spatially localized Brink $α$ cluster model in the generator coordinate method, it is shown that the $α$ cluster structure has the apparently opposing duality of crystallinity and condensation, a property of supersolids. To study the condensation aspects of the $α$ cluster structure a field theoretical superfluid cluster model (SCM) is introduced, in which the order parameter of condensation is incorporated by treating rigorously the Nambu-Goldstone mode due to spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global phase. The $α$ cluster structure of $^{40}$Ca, which has been understood in the crystallinity picture, is studied by the SCM with ten $α$ clusters. It is found that the $α$ cluster structure of $^{40}$Ca is reproduced by the SCM in addition to $^{12}$C reported in a previous paper, which gives support to the duality of the $α$ cluster structure. The emergence of the mysterious $0^+$ state at the lowest excitation energy near the $α$ threshold energy is understood to be a manifestation of the Nambu-Goldstone zero mode, a soft mode, due to the condensation aspect of the duality similar to the Hoyle state in $^{12}$C. The duality of $α$ cluster structure with incompatible crystallinity and coherent wave nature due to condensation is the consequence of the Pauli principle, which causes clustering.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Vertical broad-line region structure in nearby active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Kollatschny, W.
name: Zetzl, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broad emission lines are emitted in the surroundings of supermassive black holes in the centers of active galactic nuclei (AGN). This region is spatially not resolved. We intend to get information on the structure and geometry of this broad emitting line region (BLR) based on line profile observations. We model the rotational and turbulent velocities in the line-emitting regions based on observed full-width at half maximum line values (FWHM) and σ_{line} of the variable broad emission lines in four nearby AGN: NGC 3783, NGC 7469, NGC 5548, and 3C 390.3. On the basis of these velocities, we estimate the height of the line-emitting regions above the midplane in context with their distances from the center. The Hβ lines are emitted in a more flattened configuration above the midplane in comparison to the highly ionized lines. The Hβ lines originate at heights of 0.7 to 1.6 light-days and at distances of 1.4 to 24 light-days with height/distance (H/R) ratios of only 0.07 to 0.5. The highly ionized lines originate at smaller radii than the Hβ lines and/or at greater distances above the midplane with H/R values of 0.2 to 1.7. In total, the emission lines do not originate in a thin atmosphere of an accretion disk but rather at very extended regions above an accretion disk. The observed geometries of the line-emitting regions resemble the geometries of accretion disk wind models. Furthermore, the angle of the central opening cone (generated by the emitting regions of the highly ionized lines) is small for those galaxies with slow rotational velocities and increases with the rotation velocity of the central region. The derived geometries of the line-emitting regions of all four AGN are consistent with the geometries that are predicted in outflowing disk wind models.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics in press
Review Essay, French Civilization and its Discontents: Nationalism, Colonialism, Race. Edited by Tyler Stovall and Georges Van Den Abbeele
Creators: name: Dobie, Madeleine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Literature

description: Review of Stovall, Tyler and Georges Van den Abbeele eds.. French Civilization and its Discontents: Nationalism, Colonialism, Race
Approaches to studying peptide aggregation, polymorphism and thermodynamics
Creators: name: Mushnoori, Srinivas Chakravarthy
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Harnessing the self-assembly of peptide sequences has demonstrated great promise in the domain of creating high precision shape-tunable biological materials. The unique properties of peptides allow for a building blocks approach to materials design. In this proposal, self-assembly of mixed systems encompassing two peptide sequences with identical hydrophobic regions and distinct polar segments is investigated. The two peptide sequences are diphenylalanine and phenylalanine-asparagine-phenylalanine. The dissertation aims to examine the impact of molecular composition (i.e, the total peptide concentration and the relative tripeptide concentration) on the morphology of the self-assembled hybrid biological material. We report a rich polymorphism in the assemblies of these peptides and explain the relationship between peptide sequence, concentration and the morphology of the supramolecular assembly. We discuss three techniques to explore the phase space of this morphological diversity: Classical Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (REMD), and a hybrid Workflows/Machine Learning framework for Targeted Design of Supramolecular Assemblies, which we have called PACE: Pipelines for Automation of Compliance-based Elimination. Classical CGMD establishes the polymorphism in the phase space, REMD sheds light on the thermodynamics of assembly and helps determine the most likely thermodynamic states, and the PACE framework provides a workflow to automate the simulation, detection and screening of configurations that can target specific morphologies.
Blind Decoding of Multiple Description Codes over OFDM Systems via Sequential Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaodong
name: Yang, Zigang
name: Guo, Dong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Electrical engineering

description: We consider the problem of transmitting a continuous source through an OFDM system. Multiple description scalar quantization (MDSQ) is applied to the source signal, resulting in two correlated source descriptions. The two descriptions are then OFDM modulated and transmitted through two parallel frequency-selective fading channels. At the receiver, a blind turbo receiver is developed for joint OFDM demodulation and MDSQ decoding. Transformation of the extrinsic information of the two descriptions are exchanged between each other to improve system performance. A blind soft-input soft-output OFDM detector is developed, which is based on the techniques of importance sampling and resampling. Such a detector is capable of exchanging the so-called extrinsic information with the other component in the above turbo receiver, and successively improving the overall receiver performance. Finally, we also treat channel-coded systems, and a novel blind turbo receiver is developed for joint demodulation, channel decoding, and MDSQ source decoding.
Misalignment of the Jet and the Normal to the Dusty Torus in the Broad Absorption Line QSO FIRST\,J155633.8+351758
Creators: name: Reynolds, Cormac
name: Punsly, Brian
name: O'Dea, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed VLBA observations of the Broad Absorption Line Quasar FIRST\,J155633.8+351758, "the first radio loud BALQSO". Our observations at 15.3 GHz partially resolved a secondary component at positional angle (PA) $\approx 35^{\circ}$. We combine this determination of the radio jet projection on the sky plane, with the constraint that the jet is viewed within $14.3^{\circ}$ of the line of sight (as implied by the high variability brightness temperature) and with the position angle (PA) of the optical/UV continuum polarization in order to study the quasar geometry. Within the context of the standard model, the data indicates a "dusty torus" (scattering surface) with a symmetry axis tilted relative to the accretion disk normal and a polar broad absorption line outflow aligned with the accretion disk normal. We compare this geometry to that indicated by the higher resolution radio data, brightness temperature and optical/UV continuum polarization PA of a similar high optical polarization BALQSO, Mrk\,231. A qualitatively similar geometry is found in these two polar BALQSOs; the continuum polarization is determined primarily by the tilt of the dusty torus.
description: To appear in ApJ Letters
Anisotropy in Cosmic rays from internal transitions in neutron stars
Creators: name: Perez-Garcia, M. Angeles
name: Kotera, K.
name: Silk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility that some recently measured anisotropic cosmic ray components in the TeV-PeV energy range may be an indication of the ejection of a peculiar type of matter. We present a model where a neutron star internal transition with nuclear deconfinement of the quark content takes place. This catastrophic event may cause a mass ejection process seeding the insterstelar medium with droplets of quark matter, so called nuclearites. Neutralization of these droplets in molecular clouds may drive the anisotropy since quasi-rectilinear trajectories are allowed. Complementary information from current experimental settings on earth or magnetic spectrometers on the ISS may shed light on this exotic form of matter.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the RICAP-13, Roma International Conference on AstroParticle Physics, 22-24 May 2013, Rome, Italy
Avoided ferromagnetic quantum critical point in CeZn
Creators: name: Kotegawa, Hisashi
name: Uga, Toshiaki
name: Tou, Hideki
name: Matsuoka, Eiichi
name: Sugawara, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cubic CeZn shows a structural phase transition under pressure, and it modifies the ground state from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state to a ferromagnetic (FM) state. To investigate how the FM state terminates at a quantum phase transition, we measured the electrical resistivity under pressure for a single crystal CeZn. The transition temperature into the FM state decreases monotonously with increasing pressure, accompanied by the pronounced Kondo effect, but a drastic change in the field response occurs before the ordered phase terminates. This result suggests that the FM quantum critical point is avoided by the appearance of an AFM-like state.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Population Change in Nonmetropolitan Cities and Towns
Creators: name: Fuguitt, Glenn V.
name: Beale, Calvin L.
name: Fuguitt, Glenn V.
name: Beale, Calvin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Towns
subject: Nonmetropolitan population
subject: Population growth

description: Patterns of population change between 1950-60 and 1960-70 are analyzed for U.S. nonmetropolitan incorporated cities and towns. Ranging in size from less than 100 up to 50,000 population, they included over 30 million people in 1970, or about one-half of the total population living outside metropolitan areas. For this study, a constant geographic boundary is maintained and the research relates to places outside metropolitan areas as defined in 1963. Variations in population growth are examined by size groupings and other variables such as regional location, presence of an interstate highway, distance from a metropolitan central city, and annexation. Results from both the 1950's and 1960's indicate that any general view of small towns as declining or dying is grossly inaccurate. Places in nonmetropolitan areas grew in population 14 percent in 1950-60 and 10 percent in 1960-70; this rate of growth was less rapid than the metropolitan sector, but more rapid than the nonmetropolitan population outside incorporated places. There were growing and declining towns in all size classes, but only the very smallest of village classes witnessed population loss more commonly than growth in the 1960-70 decade.
Colloidal templating at a cholesteric - oil interface: Assembly guided by an array of disclination lines
Creators: name: Lintuvuori, J. S.
name: Pawsey, A. C.
name: Stratford, K.
name: Cates, M. E.
name: Clegg, P. S.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate colloids (radius $R \sim 1μ$m) trapped at the interface between a cholesteric liquid crystal and an immiscible oil, at which the helical order (pitch p) in the bulk conflicts with the orientation induced at the interface, stabilizing an ordered array of disclinations. For weak anchoring strength W of the director field at the colloidal surface, this creates a template, favoring particle positions eitheron top of or midway between defect lines, depending on $α= R/p$. For small $α$, optical microscopy experiments confirm this picture, but for larger $α$ no templating is seen. This may stem from the emergence at moderate W of a rugged energy landscape associated with defect reconnections.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Subsistence entrepreneurs: market women as agents of economic development
Creators: name: Okoye, Chikanele
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Market women are a persistent presence in West Africa. The global economy promotes the use of waged employment and the use of formal financial institutions such as banks for the provision of credit facilities. In contrast, the market women are part of the informal employment structure and are suspicious of the formal system which is full of obstacles and hostility in their opinion. Using a framework of Modified Grounded Theory and African Feminist analysis, I found that the women resort to culturally appropriate strategies like isusu, a peer or kin-based rotating credit method, that provides them with credit and the ability to earn a living. They see what they use as female, flexible, and more humane. The use of micro-lending and survival strategies such as ‘sufferness’ and sympathy seeking, in conjunction with cooperatives created by market women’s associations improve the women’s subsistence position. Market women are an African institution. Studying their survival strategies provides insight into creating more sustainable policies for economic development on the African continent. Continuing with similar research provides opportunities for policymakers to seek culturally appropriate solutions to the market women’s precarity and by extension the precarity of African economies in the global system.
Micro Nanosystems for Biology n°56, March 2014
Creators: name: Lemainque, Arnaud
name: Vlandas, Alexis
name: Berthier, Jean
name: Silberzan, Pascal
name: Temple-Boyer, Pierre
name: Villard, Catherine
Publisher: name: Observatoire des Micro & Nano Technologies – OMNT
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Micro Nanosystems for Biology
subject: Strategic Watch
subject: Detection
subject: Cell Manipulation and analysis
subject: Lab on chip integration
subject: Microfabrication and materials
subject: Surface functionalization and surface patterning

description: Strategic Watch OMNT–Micro Nanosystems for biology; n° 56; March 2014; 1-17;
description: Analyse d’experts
NanoConstruction Mars 2011
Creators: name: Bouju, Xavier
name: Duguet, Etienne
name: Lecommandoux, Sébastien
name: Ledoux, Gilles
name: Mélinon, Patrice
name: Silly, Fabien
Publisher: name: Observatoire des Micro & Nano Technologies – OMNT
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nanoconstruction
subject: Veille Stratégique
subject: Nano-objets
subject: Techniques de structuration
subject: Observation et manipulation

description: Veille stratégique OMNT–NanoConstruction ; n° 25; Mars2011 ; 1-15 ; ISSN 1779-1634
description: Analyse d’experts
Towards an integrative understanding of social behavior: new models and new opportunities
Creators: name: Blumstein, Daniel T.
name: Ebensperger, Luis A.
name: Hayes, Loren D.
name: Vásquez, Rodrigo A.
name: Ahern, Todd H.
name: Burger, Joseph Robert
name: Dolezal, Adam G.
name: Dosmann, Andy
name: González-Mariscal, Gabriela
name: Harris, Breanna N.
name: Herrera, Emilio A.
name: Lacey, Eileen A.
name: Mateo, Jill
name: McGraw, Lisa A.
name: Olazábal, Daniel
name: Ramenofsky, Marilyn
name: Rubenstein, Dustin Reid
name: Sakhai, Samuel A.
name: Saltzman, Wendy
name: Sainz-Borgo, Cristina
name: Soto-Gamboa, Mauricio
name: Stewart, Monica L.
name: Wey, Tina W.
name: Wingfield, John C.
name: Young, Larry J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Social interactions among conspecifics are a fundamental and adaptively significant component of the biology of numerous species. Such interactions give rise to group living as well as many of the complex forms of cooperation and conflict that occur within animal groups. Although previous conceptual models have focused on the ecological causes and fitness consequences of variation in social interactions, recent developments in endocrinology, neuroscience, and molecular genetics offer exciting opportunities to develop more integrated research programs that will facilitate new insights into the physiological causes and consequences of social variation. Here, we propose an integrative framework of social behavior that emphasizes relationships between ultimate-level function and proximate-level mechanism, thereby providing a foundation for exploring the full diversity of factors that underlie variation in social interactions, and ultimately sociality. In addition to identifying new model systems for the study of human psychopathologies, this framework provides a mechanistic basis for predicting how social behavior will change in response to environmental variation. We argue that the study of non-model organisms is essential for implementing this integrative model of social behavior because such species can be studied simultaneously in the lab and field, thereby allowing integration of rigorously controlled experimental manipulations with detailed observations of the ecological contexts in which interactions among conspecifics occur.
The influence of spin fluctuations on the thermal conductivity in superconducting Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_2As_2
Creators: name: May, Andrew F.
name: McGuire, Michael A.
name: Mitchell, Jonathan E.
name: Sefat, Athena S.
name: Sales, Brian C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal conductivity of electron-doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ single crystals is investigated below 200K, with an emphasis on the behavior near the magnetic and superconducting (T_c) transition temperatures. An enhancement of the in-plane thermal conductivity $κ_{ab}$ is observed below T_c for all samples, with the greatest enhancement observed near optimal doping. The observed trends are consistent with the scattering of heat carriers by low-energy magnetic excitations. Upon entering the superconducting state, the formation of a spin-gap leads to reduced scattering and an enhancement in $κ(T)$. Similarly, an enhancement of $κ$ is observed for polycrystalline BaFe2As2 below the magnetic transition, and qualitative differences in $κ(T)$ between single crystalline and polycrystalline BaFe2As2 are utilized to discuss anisotropic scattering. This study highlights how measuring $κ$ near $T_c$ in novel superconductors can be useful as a means to probe the potential role of spin fluctuations.
An energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit, electromagnetic 1D-3V Vlasov-Darwin particle-in-cell algorithm
Creators: name: Chen, Guangye
name: Chacon, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent proof-of-principle study proposes a nonlinear electrostatic implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in one dimension (Chen, Chacon, Barnes, J. Comput. Phys. 230 (2011) 7018). The algorithm employs a kinetically enslaved Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method, and conserves energy and charge to numerical round-off. In this study, we generalize the method to electromagnetic simulations in 1D using the Darwin approximation of Maxwell's equations, which avoids radiative aliasing noise issues by ordering out the light wave. An implicit, orbit-averaged time-space-centered finite difference scheme is applied to both the 1D Darwin field equations (in potential form) and the 1D-3V particle orbit equations to produce a discrete system that remains exactly charge- and energy-conserving. Furthermore, enabled by the implicit Darwin equations, exact conservation of the canonical momentum per particle in any ignorable direction is enforced via a suitable scattering rule for the magnetic field. Several 1D numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and the conservation properties of the algorithm.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Resources and Reform: Thinking Through the Costs of a Developmental Math Redesign
Creators: name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Mathematics--Study and teaching

description: What college resources are required to implement a statewide redesign of developmental mathematics? This presentation looks at the most significant costs for colleges implementing a math redesign in Virginia, drawing on interviews with faculty, administrators, and staff. It also highlights several considerations for policymakers planning for large-scale instructional reform.
NanoConstruction Mars 2012
Creators: name: Béguin-Colin, Sylvie
name: Bouju, Xavier
name: Bidault, Sébastien
name: Chabli, Amal
name: Duvail, Jean-Luc
name: Gauffre, Fabienne
name: Gérardin, Corine
name: Herlin, Nathalie
name: Lagoute, Jérôme
name: Ledoux, Gilles
name: Mélinon, Patrice
name: Plain, Jérôme
name: Reiko, Oda
name: Rouvière, Jean-Luc
name: Tiron, Raluca
Publisher: name: Observatoire des Micro & Nano Technologies – OMNT
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nanoconstruction
subject: Veille Stratégique
subject: Nano-objets
subject: Techniques de structuration
subject: Observation et manipulation

description: Veille stratégique OMNT–NanoConstruction ; n° 29; Mars 2012 ; 1-27 ; ISSN 1779-1634
description: Analyse d’experts
Reproductive conflict and the costs of social status in cooperatively breeding vertebrates
Creators: name: Rubenstein, Dustin Reid
name: Shen, Sheng-Feng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Animal behavior
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychobiology

description: Conflict over reproduction is an inherent part of group living. In many social vertebrates, conflict may be reflected as allostatic load, or the costs of social status and dominance rank, which may be quantified by measuring glucocorticoid stress hormones. Here, we develop the first quantitative model of allostatic load based on the tug‐of‐war model of reproductive skew to generate insights into the mechanisms underlying reproductive conflict in cooperative breeders and to determine whether glucocorticoids can be used to assess conflict levels in group‐living vertebrates. It predicts that subordinates have higher allostatic loads than dominants under most conditions, but when body condition is lower in dominants than in subordinates, dominants experience higher allostatic load. Group structure is also important, as dominants generally have higher allostatic loads than subordinates when there is a large number of subordinates in the group, but this cost can be reduced by increasing the number of dominants, as in plural breeding societies. Using glucocorticoid data from cooperatively breeding superb starlings Lamprotornis superbus, we found empirical support for both predictions. Our model is useful for understanding how the costs of social status influence reproductive sharing, and it suggests that glucocorticoids can be used to examine reproductive conflict and cooperation in social species.
The EFSA Pest Survey Card of Pine Wilt Disease - IUFRO symposium on PWD, 22-26 November 2021
Creators: name: Vos, Sybren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: EFSA
Pest survey card

description: Presentation of the EFSA Pest Survey Card of Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) to the IUFRO symposium on PWD, 22-26 November 2021.
description: EU; PDF; plants@efsa.europa.eu
Rapid coherent control of population transfer in lattice systems
Creators: name: Masuda, Shumpei
name: Rice, Stuart A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the driving potential that accelerates adiabatic population transfer from an initial state to a target state in a lattice system without unwanted excitation of other states by extending to discrete systems the fast-forward theory of adiabatic transfer. As an example we apply the theory to a model that describes a Bose-Einstein condensate in a quasi one-dimensional optical lattice, and show that modulation of the tilting of the lattice potential can transfer the population of the Bose-Einstein condensate from site to site with high fidelity and without unwanted excitations.
NanoConstruction Mars 2013
Creators: name: Bidault, Sébastien
name: Bouju, Xavier
name: Chabli, Amal
name: CREN, Tristan
name: Ferrigno, Rosaria
name: Gauffre, Fabienne
name: Gérardin, Corine
name: Ledoux, Gilles
name: Mélinon, Patrice
name: Plain, Jérôme
name: Silly, Fabien
name: SReiss, Peter
name: Tiron Raluca
name: Warot-Fonrose, Bénédicte
Publisher: name: Observatoire des Micro & Nano Technologies – OMNT
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nanoconstruction
subject: Veille Stratégique
subject: Nano-objets
subject: Techniques de structuration
subject: Observation et manipulation

description: Veille stratégique OMNT–NanoConstruction ; n° 33; Mars 2013 ; 1-21 ; ISSN 1779-1634
description: Analyse d’experts
NanoConstruction Mars 2014
Creators: name: Bégin-Colin, Sylvie
name: Bidault, Sébastien
name: Bouju, Xavier
name: Gauffre, Fabienne
name: Ledoux, Gilles
name: Lagoute, Jérôme
name: Pons, Stéphane
name: Warot-Fonrose, Bénédicte
Publisher: name: Observatoire des Micro & Nano Technologies – OMNT
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nanoconstruction
subject: Veille Stratégique
subject: Nano-objets
subject: Techniques de structuration
subject: Observation et manipulation

description: Veille stratégique OMNT–NanoConstruction ; n° 37; Mars 2014 ; 1-13 ; ISSN 1779-1634
description: Analyse d’experts