cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying multi-point ordering in alloys
Creators: name: Goff, James M.
name: Li, Bryant Y.
name: Sinnott, Susan B.
name: Dabo, Ismaila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central problem in multicomponent lattice systems is to systematically quantify multi-point ordering. Ordering in such systems is often described in terms of pairs, even though this is not sufficient when three-point and higher-order interactions are included in the Hamiltonian. Current models and parameters for multi-point ordering are often only applicable for very specific cases and/or require approximating a subset of correlated occupational variables on a lattice as being uncorrelated. In this work, a cluster order parameter (ClstOP) is introduced to systematically quantify arbitrary multi-point ordering motifs in substitutional systems through direct calculations of normalized cluster probabilities. These parameters can describe multi-point chemical ordering in crystal systems with multiple sublattices, multiple components, and systems with reduced symmetry. These are defined within and applied to quantify four-point chemical ordering motifs in platinum/palladium alloy nanoparticles that are practical interest to the synthesis of catalytic nanocages. Impacts of chemical ordering on alloy nanocage stability are discussed. It is demonstrated that approximating 4-point probabilities from superpositions of lower order pair probabilities is not sufficient in cases where 3 and 4-body terms are included in the energy expression. Conclusions about the formation mechanisms of nanocages may change significantly when using common pair approximations.
Theoretical study of electronic transport through a small quantum dot with a magnetic impurity
Creators: name: Tolea, Mugurel
name: Bulka, Bogdan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model a small quantum dot with a magnetic impurity by the Anderson Hamiltonian with a supplementary exchange interaction term. The transport calculations are performed by means of the Green functions within the equation of motion scheme, in which two decoupling procedures are proposed, for high and low temperatures, respectively. The paper focuses on the charge fluctuations for such a system, aspect not addressed before, as well as on the Kondo resonance. We show a specific role of the excited state, which can be observed in transport and in spin-spin correlations. Our studies show on a new many-body feature of the phase shift of transmitted electrons, which is manifested in a specific dip. In the Kondo regime, our calculations complement existing theoretical results. The system shows three Kondo peaks in the density of states: one at the Fermi energy and two side peaks, at a distance corresponding to the singlet-triplet level spacing. The existence of the central peak is conditioned by a degenerate state (the triplet) below the Fermi energy.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
On ergodic control problem for viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations for weakly coupled elliptic systems
Creators: name: Arapostathis, Ari
name: Biswas, Anup
name: Roychowdhury, Prasun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we study ergodic problems in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^N$ for weakly coupled systems of viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations with coercive right-hand sides. The Hamiltonians are assumed to have a fairly general structure and the switching rates need not be constant. We prove the existence of a critical value $λ^*$ such that the ergodic eigenvalue problem has a solution for every $λ\leqλ^*$ and no solution for $λ>λ^*$. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of non-negative solutions corresponding to the value $λ^*$ are also established. We also exhibit the implication of these results to the ergodic optimal control problems of controlled switching diffusions.
description: 25 pages
Is it possible to detect gravitational waves with atom interferometers?
Creators: name: Tino, G. M.
name: Vetrano, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility to use atom interferometers to detect gravitational waves. We discuss the interaction of gravitational waves with an atom interferometer and analyze possible schemes.
Additional file 2 of “When you have a high life, and you like sex, you will be afraid”: a qualitative evaluation of adolescents’ decision to test for HIV in Zambia and Kenya using the health belief model
Creators: name: Katirayi, Leila
name: Akuno, Job
name: Bright Kulukulu
name: Masaba, Rose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2:. Supplementary material-FGD guide- HIV-positive adolescents- data collection tool used for focus group discussions with adolescents living with HIV and accessing care.
Identify bottom contribution in non-photonic electron spectra and \vv\ from \AuAu collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Esumi, S.
name: Huang, H.
name: Miake, Y.
name: Sakai, S.
name: Xu, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on the spectra and elliptic flow v2 for heavy flavor (charm and bottom) decayed electrons provided the relative contributions of charm and bottom hadrons from the PYTHIA calculations. We made a simultaneous fit to both measured non-photonic electron spectra and v2 distributions. The results suggest that the bottom contribution is not dominant for electron pt<5 GeV/c in the 200 GeV Au+Au collisions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings for Hard Probe 2006, Asilomar; to be published in Nuclear Physics, Section A
Μελέτη της ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης στη δυτική Αφρική με τη μέθοδο της δορυφορικής τηλεπισκόπησης
Creators: name: Σαλονικίδου, Φωτεινή Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Δυτική Αφρική-Ρύπανση
Δορυφορική τηλεπισκόπηση
Western Afric-Pollution
Satellite monitoring

description: Η ταχύτατα αναπτυσσόμενη Μαύρη Ήπειρος, και ιδιαίτερα η Δυτική Αφρική, παρουσιάζει ολοένα και μεγαλύτερο επενδυτικό και περιβαλλοντικό ενδιαφέρον. Ωστόσο, παραμένει μία από τις πιο ανεξερεύνητες γωνιές του πλανήτη όσον αφορά στους παράγοντες που συμβάλλουν στην ποιότητα του αέρα. Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση στη Δυτική Αφρική για την περίοδο 2006-2016 μέσω της επεξεργασίας δορυφορικών μετρήσεων που διατίθενται από πλατφόρμες δεδομένων της NASA και της ESA. Ως δείκτες της ποιότητας του αέρα μελετώνται δορυφορικές μετρήσεις για το οπτικό βάθος των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων (AOD) και το ύψος των συγκεντρώσεων του διοξειδίου του αζώτου (ΝΟ2) που λαμβάνουν τα όργανα MODIS-TERRA και OMI αντίστοιχα. Στην παρούσα μελέτη συμπεριλαμβάνονται δορυφορικοί χάρτες πυρκαγιών, σκόνης, βροχόπτωσης και χρήσεων γης στην περιοχή. Αναδεικνύεται ότι η εποχιακή μεταφορά σκόνης από τη Σαχάρα, οι εποχιακές εκτεταμένες πυρκαγιές της σαβάνας, οι εκπομπές διοξειδίου του αζώτου από το έδαφος στη ζώνη του Σαχέλ, οι κολοσσιαίοι ρυθμοί αστικοποίησης και η χρήση απαρχαιωμένων πηγών ενέργειας στα αστικά κέντρα, είναι κρίσιμοι παράγοντες που καθορίζουν την ποιότητα του αέρα στην περιοχή. Σημεία ειδικού ενδιαφέροντος σχετικά με την ποιότητα του αέρα, όπως η λίμνη Τσάντ, έρχονται στο φως και συνοδεύονται από προτάσεις για μελλοντική έρευνα. Για τη σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων και την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων λαμβάνονται υπόψη παράμετροι όπως το δημογραφικό, οικονομικό και βιοκλιματικό προφίλ των περιοχών της Δυτικής Αφρικής
description: The rapidly growing Dark Continent, and especially West Africa, demonstrates an ever increasing investing and environmental interest. However, it remains one of the most unexplored corners of the planet when it comes to the factors which contribute to air quality. This paper explores atmospheric pollution in West Africa from 2006 to 2016, processing satellite measurements available by NASA’s and ESA’s data platforms. As indicators of air quality, satellite measurements of Aerosol’s Optical Depth (AOD) and nitrogen dioxide ( -acquired by the MODIS-TERRA and OMI instruments- are studied. This study also includes satellite maps of fire, dust, rainfall and land use in the area. It appears that seasonal dust-storms from the Sahara region, seasonal fiery savannah fires, nitrogen dioxide emissions from the ground in the Sahel zone, colossal urbanization rates and the use of obsolete energy sources in urban centers, are all critical factors determining the air quality in the area. Points of special interest in air quality, such as Lake Chad, emerge to the surface and are accompanied by suggestions for future research. In order to compare results and draw conclusions, parameters such as the demographic, economic and bioclimatic profile of West African regions, are taken into account
Isbell conjugacy and the reflexive completion
Creators: name: Avery, Tom
name: Leinster, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18A99 (primary), 18A35, 18A40

description: The reflexive completion of a category consists of the Set-valued functors on it that are canonically isomorphic to their double conjugate. After reviewing both this construction and Isbell conjugacy itself, we give new examples and revisit Isbell's main results from 1960 in a modern categorical context. We establish the sense in which reflexive completion is functorial, and find conditions under which two categories have equivalent reflexive completions. We describe the relationship between the reflexive and Cauchy completions, determine exactly which limits and colimits exist in an arbitrary reflexive completion, and make precise the sense in which the reflexive completion of a category is the intersection of the categories of covariant and contravariant functors on it.
description: 38 pages
Longitudinal Polarization of Lambda and anti-Lambda Hyperons in Lepton-Nucleon Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Kotzinian, Aram
name: Naumov, Dmitry
name: Sapozhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider models for the spin transfers to $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons produced in lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering. We make predictions for longitudinal $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ spin transfers for the COMPASS experiment and for HERA, and for the spin transfer to $Λ$ hyperons produced at JLAB. We demonstrate that accurate measurements of the spin transfers to $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons with COMPASS kinematics have the potential to probe the intrinsic strangeness in the nucleon. We show that a measurement of $\barΛ$ polarisation could provide a clean probe of the spin transfer from $\bar{s}$ quarks and provides a new possibility to measure the antistrange quark distribution function. COMPASS data in a domain of x that has not been studied previously will provide valuable extra information to fix models for the nucleon spin structure. The spin transfer to $\barΛ$ hyperons, which could be measured by the COMPASS experiment, would provide a new tool to distinguish between the SU(6) and Burkardt-Jaffe (BJ) models for baryon spin structure. In the case of the HERA electron-proton collider experiments with longitudinally-polarised electrons, the separation between the target and current fragmentation mechanisms is more clear. It provides a complementary probe of the strange quark distribution and helps distinguish between the SU(6) and BJ models for the $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ spin structure. Finally, we show that the spin transfer to $Λ$ hyperons measured in a JLAB experiment would be dominated by the spin transfer of the intrinsic polarised-strangeness in the remnant nucleon, providing an independent way to check our model predictions.
description: minor changes after accepted to EPJC
Spin pumping in noncollinear antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Lund, Mike A.
name: Salimath, Akshaykumar
name: Hals, Kjetil M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ac spin pumping of noncollinear antiferromagnets is theoretically investigated. Starting from an effective action description of the spin system, we derive the Onsager coefficients connecting the spin pumping and spin-transfer torque associated with the dynamics of the SO(3)-valued antiferromagnetic order parameter. Our theory is applied to a kagome antiferromagnet resonantly driven by a uniform external magnetic field. We demonstrate that the reactive (dissipative) spin-transfer torque parameter can be extracted from the pumped ac spin current in-phase (in quadrature) with the driving field. Furthermore, we find that the three spin-wave bands of the kagome AF generate spin currents with mutually orthogonal polarization directions. This offers a unique way of controlling the spin orientation of the pumped spin current by exciting different spin-wave modes.
description: Finale version accepted by Physical Review B
Holographic Nuclear Physics with Massive Quarks
Creators: name: Baldino, Salvatore
name: Bartolini, Lorenzo
name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss nuclear physics in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, in the limit of large number $N_c$ of colors and large 't Hooft coupling, with the addition of a finite mass for the quarks. Individual baryons are described by classical solitons whose size is much smaller than the typical distance in nuclear bound states, thus we can use the linear approximation to compute the interaction potential and provide a natural description for lightly bound states. We find the classical geometry of nuclear bound states for baryon numbers up to B=8. The effect of the finite pion mass - induced by the quark mass via the GMOR relation - is to decrease the binding energy of the nuclei with respect to the massless case. We discuss the finite density case with a particular choice of a cubic lattice, for which we find the critical chemical potential, at which the hadronic phase transition occurs.
description: LaTeX: 35 pages, 5 figures; V2: comments and references added, typos corrected
Απομάκρυνση μελανοϊδίνης από υδατικά συστήματα με τεχνικές προσρόφησης και ηλεκτοχημικής οξείδωσης
Creators: name: Κεσίδου, Γιάννα Θεοφύλακτου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Προσρόφηση
Ηλεκτροχημική οξείδωση
Ενεργός άνθρακας
Adsorption
Electrochemical oxidation
Activated carbon

description: Στόχος αυτής της μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της απομάκρυνσης μελανοϊδίνης, με την τεχνική της προσρόφησης σε ενεργό άνθρακα και με την τεχνική της ηλεκτροχημικής οξείδωσης με ηλεκτρόδια άνθρακα. Ως απόβλητο χρησιμοποιήθηκε συνθετικό απόβλητο της μελάσας που παρασκευάσθηκε στο εργαστήριο. Στα πειράματα προσρόφησης μελετήθηκαν οι ακόλουθες παράμετροι: i) η συγκέντρωση των προσροφητικών υλικών ενεργού άνθρακα ii) ο χρόνος προσρόφησης, iii) το pΗ, iv) η συγκέντρωση της χρωστικής (μελανοϊδίνης) στο απόβλητο και v) η δυνατότητα εκρόφησης μελανοϊδινών από τα δείγματα τα οποία προέρχονταν από προσρόφηση καθώς και η δυνατότητα επαναχρησιμοποίησης του προσροφητικού υλικού σε επόμενους κύκλους. Στα πειράματα ηλεκτροχημικής οξείδωσης μελετήθηκαν οι ακόλουθες παράμετροι: i) το είδος των ηλεκτροδίων άνθρακα, ii) η επίδραση του pH, iii) η επίδραση της μάζας των ηλεκτροδίων, iv) η επίδραση του ρεύματος που εφαρμόζεται στο δείγμα και v) η επίδραση παρουσίας του ηλεκτρολύτη. Επίσης μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της ηλεκτροχημικής οξείδωσης ως προς την μεταβολή του COD των δειγμάτων. Επίσης μελετήθηκαν οι ιδιότητες των ενεργών ανθράκων που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Τα αποτελέσματα της παραπάνω μελέτης αναλύθηκαν και στη συνέχεια εξήχθησαν συμπεράσματα από αυτά
description: The object of this study was to investigate the removal melanoidins, by the technique of adsorption with activated carbon and by technique of electrochemical oxidation with carbon electrodes. Synthetic wastewater from molasses is used as waste prepared at the lab. In adsorption experiments the following parameters were investigated: i) the concentration of adsorbents activated carbon ii) the adsorption time, iii) the pH, iv) the possibility of melanoidins desorption from samples derived from adsorption and v) the possibility reuse of sludge adsorption in subsequent cycles. In the electrochemical oxidation experiments the following parameters were studied: i) the effect of the type of electrodes Carbon Felt, ii) the effect of pH, iii) the concentration of electrodes, iv) the effect of density applied to the sample and v) the effect of the type of electrolyte. Furthermore, the influence of electro-oxidation in the change of the COD of the samples was also evaluated. Also, the properties of the activated carbon were studied. The results of the above study were analyzed and subsequently conclusions were derived from them
Convergence of resonances on thin branched quantum wave guides
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
name: Post, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove an abstract criterion stating resolvent convergence in the case of operators acting in different Hilbert spaces. This result is then applied to the case of Laplacians on a family $X_\eps$ of branched quantum waveguides. Combining it with an exterior complex scaling we show, in particular, that the resonances on $X_\eps$ approximate those of the Laplacian with ``free'' boundary conditions on $X_0$, the skeleton graph of $X_\eps$.
description: 48 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of “When you have a high life, and you like sex, you will be afraid”: a qualitative evaluation of adolescents’ decision to test for HIV in Zambia and Kenya using the health belief model
Creators: name: Katirayi, Leila
name: Akuno, Job
name: Bright Kulukulu
name: Masaba, Rose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1:. Supplementary material- FGD guide- Adolescents with unknown HIV status- data collection tool used for focus group discussions with adolescents whose HIV status is unknown to research team
SiFTO: An Empirical Method for Fitting SNe Ia Light Curves
Creators: name: Conley, A.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: Guy, J.
name: Astier, P.
name: Balam, D.
name: Balland, C.
name: Basa, S.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Hardin, D.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Hook, I. M.
name: Pain, R.
name: Perrett, K.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Regnault, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SiFTO, a new empirical method for modeling type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) light curves by manipulating a spectral template. We make use of high-redshift SN observations when training the model, allowing us to extend it bluer than rest frame U. This increases the utility of our high-redshift SN observations by allowing us to use more of the available data. We find that when the shape of the light curve is described using a stretch prescription, applying the same stretch at all wavelengths is not an adequate description. SiFTO therefore uses a generalization of stretch which applies different stretch factors as a function of both the wavelength of the observed filter and the stretch in the rest-frame B band. We compare SiFTO to other published light-curve models by applying them to the same set of SN photometry, and demonstrate that SiFTO and SALT2 perform better than the alternatives when judged by the scatter around the best fit luminosity distance relationship. We further demonstrate that when SiFTO and SALT2 are trained on the same data set the cosmological results agree.
description: Modified to better match published version in ApJ
Bayesian parameter estimation of stellar-mass black-hole binaries with LISA
Creators: name: Buscicchio, Riccardo
name: Klein, Antoine
name: Roebber, Elinore
name: Moore, Christopher J.
name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Finch, Eliot
name: Vecchio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Bayesian parameter-estimation pipeline to measure the properties of inspiralling stellar-mass black hole binaries with LISA. Our strategy (i) is based on the coherent analysis of the three noise-orthogonal LISA data streams, (ii) employs accurate and computationally efficient post-Newtonian waveforms accounting for both spin-precession and orbital eccentricity, and (iii) relies on a nested sampling algorithm for the computation of model evidences and posterior probability density functions of the full 17 parameters describing a binary. We demonstrate the performance of this approach by analyzing the LISA Data Challenge (LDC-1) dataset, consisting of 66 quasi-circular, spin-aligned binaries with signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 3 to 14 and times to merger ranging from 3000 to 2 years. We recover 22 binaries with signal-to-noise ratio higher than 8. Their chirp masses are typically measured to better than $0.02 M_\odot$ at $90\%$ confidence, while the sky-location accuracy ranges from 1 to 100 square degrees. The mass ratio and the spin parameters can only be constrained for sources that merge during the mission lifetime. In addition, we report on the successful recovery of an eccentric, spin-precessing source at signal-to-noise ratio 15 for which we can measure an eccentricity of $3\times 10^{-3}$.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables (accepted to Physical Review D on 19 July 2021)
Glueball enhancement by color de-confinement
Creators: name: Vento, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy heavy ion collisions lead to the formation of a strong coupling de-confined phase in which the lightest glueballs are numerous and stable. We analyze how their properties manifest themselves in experimental spectra and show that they provide a good signature for color de-confinement.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Οι κανόνες της ενδοομιλικής τιμολόγησης στο ελληνικό δίκαιο: τάσεις και προκλήσεις
Creators: name: Ρήμου, Θεοδότα Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ενδοομιλική τιμολόγηση
Αρχή ίσων αποστάσεων
Κατευθυντήριες Οδηγίες του ΟΟΣΑ
Transfer pricing
Arm’s length principle
OECD transfer pricing guidelines

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας αποτελεί η μελέτη από τη σκοπιά του φορολογικού δικαίου, του τρόπου τιμολόγησης των συναλλαγών μεταξύ συνδεδεμένων επιχειρήσεων (transfer pricing). Πρόκειται κατά βάση περί ενός οικονομικού όρου, ο οποίος αναφέρεται στον προσδιορισμό της αξίας των συναλλαγών μεταξύ συνδεδεμένων επιχειρήσεων. Καίτοι, λοιπόν, η έννοια της ενδοομιλικής τιμολόγησης δε συνδέεται αφ’ εαυτής με τη φορολογική παραβατικότητα, έχει επικρατήσει να χρησιμοποιείται στις συναλλαγές ως μια τεχνική φοροαποφυγής που κατ’ εξοχήν συναντάται στο πεδίο δράσης πολυεθνικών ομίλων επιχειρήσεων. Για το λόγο αυτό, άμεση ήταν η ανάληψη διεθνούς πρωτοβουλίας προς το σκοπό αντιμετώπισης των καταχρήσεων στην τιμολόγηση τέτοιου είδους συναλλαγών. Συγκεκριμένα, ο ΟΟΣΑ, ήδη από τα πρώτα χρόνια λειτουργίας του, προώθησε τη συγκρότηση ομάδων διεθνούς συνεργασίας για την εξεύρεση ενός παγκοσμίου θεσμικού πλαισίου ρύθμισης του φαινομένου, ενός πλαισίου προς το οποίο βαθμιαία προσαρμόζονται οι επιμέρους εθνικές νομοθεσίες των κρατών μελών του, με απώτερο σκοπό την ενοποιημένη ρύθμιση του φαινομένου
description: The main object of this paper is to study from a tax law perspective, the way in which a transaction between associated enterprises is valued. Even though transfer pricing is considered to be a legitimate way to show the actual value of a transaction, it is mainly used to indicate a tax avoidance method regarding transactions between multinational enterprises. The international aspects of this method, were the reason why OECD member states tried to adopt measures to tackle this worldwide phenomenon in a united way, in order to reform their legislation regarding this issue
Williamson theorem in classical, quantum, and statistical physics
Creators: name: Nicacio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present (and encourage the use of) the Williamson theorem and its consequences in several contexts in physics. We demonstrate this theorem using only basic concepts of linear algebra and symplectic matrices. As an immediate application in the context of small oscillations, we show that applying this theorem reveals the normal-mode coordinates and frequencies of the system in the Hamiltonian scenario. A modest introduction of the symplectic formalism in quantum mechanics is presented, useing the theorem to study quantum normal modes and canonical distributions of thermodynamically stable systems described by quadratic Hamiltonians. As a last example, a more advanced topic concerning uncertainty relations is developed to show once more its utility in a distinct and modern perspective.
description: 14 pages + Supplementary Material (8 pages), 1 figure
Additional file 1 of Hypofibrinogenemia is associated with a high degree of risk in infectious diseases: a post-hoc analysis of post-marketing surveillance of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with thrombomodulin alfa
Creators: name: Kawasugi, Kazuo
name: Wada, Hideo
name: Honda, Goichi
name: Kawano, Noriaki
name: Uchiyama, Toshimasa
name: Madoiwa, Seiji
name: Takezako, Naoki
name: Suzuki, Kei
name: Seki, Yoshinobu
name: Ikezoe, Takayuki
name: Iba, Toshiaki
name: Okamoto, Kohji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Yet on statistical properties of traded volume: correlation and mutual information at different value magnitudes
Creators: name: Queiros, Silvio M. Duarte
name: Moyano, Luis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this article we analyse linear correlation and non-linear dependence of traded volume, $v$, of the 30 constituents of Dow Jones Industrial Average at different value scales. Specifically, we have raised $v$ to some real value $α$ or $β$, which introduces a bias for small ($ α, β<0$) or large ($α, β>1$) values. Our results show that small values of $v$ are regularly \emph{anti-correlated} with values at other scales of traded volume. This is consistent with the high liquidity of the 30 equities analysed and the asymmetric form of the multi-fractal spectrum for traded volume which has supported the dynamical scenario presented by us.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Origin of Spectral Hardening of Secondary Cosmic-Ray Nuclei
Creators: name: Kawanaka, Norita
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the acceleration and escape of secondary cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei, such as lithium, beryllium and boron, produced by spallation of primary CR nuclei like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen accelerated at the shock in supernova remnants (SNRs) surrounded by the interstellar medium (ISM) or a circumstellar medium (CSM). We take into account the energy-dependent escape of CR particles from the SNR shocks, which is supported by gamma-ray observations of SNRs, to calculate the spectra of primary and secondary CR nuclei running away into the ambient medium. We find that if the SNR is surrounded by a CSM with a wind-like density distribution (i.e., $n_{\rm CSM}\propto r^{-2}$), the spectra of the escaping secondary nuclei are harder than those of the escaping primary nuclei, while if the SNR is surrounded by a uniform ISM, the spectra of the escaping secondaries are always softer than those of the escaping primaries. Using this result, we show that if there was a past supernova surrounded by a dense wind-like CSM ($\sim 2.5\times 10^{-3}M_{\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}$) which happened $\sim 1.6\times 10^5~{\rm yr}$ ago at a distance of $\sim 1.6~{\rm kpc}$, we can simultaneously reproduce the spectral hardening of primary and secondary CRs above $\sim 200~{\rm GV}$ that have recently been reported by AMS-02.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Cross-link relations between $π$ and $ρ$-meson channels and the QCD vacuum
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. V.
name: Stefanis, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss cross-link relations between the $π$ and $ρ$-meson channels emerging from two different descriptions of the QCD vacuum: Instanton physics and QCD sum rules with nonlocal condensates (NLC). We derive in both schemes an intriguing linear relation between the $π$ and the $ρ^\|$-meson distribution amplitudes in terms of their conformal coefficients and work out the specific impact of the scalar NLC in these two channels. Using a simple model with Gaussian decay of the scalar NLC, we are able to relate it to the moments of the pion non-singlet parton distribution function measurable in experiment -- a highly nontrivial result. The implications for the pion and the $ρ^\|$-meson DAs entailed by the obtained cross-link relations are outlined in terms of two generic scenarios.
description: 9 pages, 1 table, 4 figures. V2 matches published version
Characterizing Young Brown Dwarfs using Low Resolution Near-IR Spectra
Creators: name: Allers, K. N.
name: Jaffe, D. T.
name: Luhman, K. L.
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Wilson, J. C.
name: Skrutskie, M. F.
name: Nelson, M.
name: Peterson, D. E.
name: Smith, J. D.
name: Cushing, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared (1.0-2.4 micron) spectra confirming the youth and cool effective temperatures of 6 brown dwarfs and low mass stars with circumstellar disks toward the Chamaeleon II and Ophiuchus star forming regions. The spectrum of one of our objects indicates that it has a spectral type of ~L1, making it one of the latest spectral type young brown dwarfs identified to date. Comparing spectra of young brown dwarfs, field dwarfs, and giant stars, we define a 1.49-1.56 micron H2O index capable of determining spectral type to within 1 sub-type, independent of gravity. We have also defined an index based on the 1.14 micron sodium feature that is sensitive to gravity, but only weakly dependent on spectral type for field dwarfs. Our 1.14 micron Na index can be used to distinguish young cluster members (t
description: 11 pages, Accepted to ApJ
Dataset Condensation with Differentiable Siamese Augmentation
Creators: name: Zhao, Bo
name: Bilen, Hakan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many machine learning problems, large-scale datasets have become the de-facto standard to train state-of-the-art deep networks at the price of heavy computation load. In this paper, we focus on condensing large training sets into significantly smaller synthetic sets which can be used to train deep neural networks from scratch with minimum drop in performance. Inspired from the recent training set synthesis methods, we propose Differentiable Siamese Augmentation that enables effective use of data augmentation to synthesize more informative synthetic images and thus achieves better performance when training networks with augmentations. Experiments on multiple image classification benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method obtains substantial gains over the state-of-the-art, 7% improvements on CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 datasets. We show with only less than 1% data that our method achieves 99.6%, 94.9%, 88.5%, 71.5% relative performance on MNIST, FashionMNIST, SVHN, CIFAR10 respectively. We also explore the use of our method in continual learning and neural architecture search, and show promising results.
Additional file 1 of Identification of susceptibility loci for cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia
Creators: name: Youhyun Song
name: Ja-Eun Choi
name: Kwon, Yu-Jin
name: Hyuk-Jae Chang
name: Kim, Jung Oh
name: Da-Hyun Park
name: Park, Jae-Min
name: Seong-Jin Kim
name: Lee, Ji Won
name: Kyung-Won Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline Characteristics of the Hypertension Study Population. Table S2. Baseline Characteristics of the Diabetes Mellitus Study Population. Table S3. Baseline Characteristics of the Dyslipidemia Study Population. Figure S1. Quantile-quantile plots with genomic inflation values. Figure S2. Regional association plots for lead SNPs, A HTN-CAD B DM-IS C DM-CCD D DL-CAD E DL-CCD F DL-IS.
Additional file 1 of Frailty status among older critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Beaubien-Souligny, William
name: Yang, Alan
name: Lebovic, Gerald
name: Wald, Ron
name: Bagshaw, Sean M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary materials
Fossil Ionized Bubbles Around Dead Quasars During Reionization
Creators: name: Furlanetto, Steven
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Oh, S. Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most dramatic signatures of the reionization era may be the enormous ionized bubbles around luminous quasars (with radii reaching ~40 comoving Mpc), which may survive as "fossil'' ionized regions long after their source shuts off. Here we study how the inhomogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) evolves inside such fossils. The average recombination rate declines rapidly with time, and the brief quasar episode significantly increases the mean free path inside the fossil bubbles. As a result, even a weak ionizing background generated by galaxies inside the fossil can maintain it in a relatively highly and uniformly ionized state. For example, galaxies that would ionize 20-30% of hydrogen in a random patch of the IGM can maintain 80-90% ionization inside the fossil, for a duration much longer than the average recombination time in the IGM. Quasar fossils at z<10 thus retain their identity for nearly a Hubble time, and will appear "gray,'' distinct from both the average IGM (which has a "swiss-cheese" ionization topology and a lower mean ionized fraction), and from fully-ionized bubbles around active quasars. More distant fossils, at z>10 have a weaker galaxy-generated ionizing background and a higher gas density, so they can attain a swiss-cheese topology similar to the rest of the IGM, but with a smaller contrast between the ionized bubbles and the partially neutral regions separating them. Analogous HeIII-fossils should exist around the epoch of HeII/HeIII reionization at z~3, although rapid recombinations inside the HeIII-fossils will be more common. Our model of inhomogeneous recombination also applies to "double reionization'' models and shows that a non-monotonic reionization history is even more unlikely than previously thought.
description: submitted to ApJ, 17 pages, 11 figures
Η ρηματική όψη στην ελληνική ως δεύτερη/ξένη γλώσσα: δεδομένα από το γραπτό λόγο αλβανόφωνων μαθητών του ΕΣΚΕΙΜΑΘ
Creators: name: Κοντού, Ναταλία-Δέσποινα Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: ρηματική όψη
δεύτερη/ξένη γλώσσα
σώματα κειμένων
grammatical aspect
second/foreign language
corpus linguistics

description: Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της κατάκτησης του φαινομένου της γραμματικής όψης στην ελληνική ως δεύτερη/ ξένη γλώσσα, μέσα από γραπτές παραγωγές μαθητών με μητρική γλώσσα την αλβανική. Τα δεδομένα της παρούσας μελέτης προέρχονται από το Ελληνικό Σώμα Κειμένων Μαθητών (ΕΣΚΕΙΜΑΘ), ενώ οι αλβανόφωνοι μαθητές του δείγματος μαθαίνουν την ελληνική ως δεύτερη/ ξένη γλώσσα, με επίπεδα γλωσσικής επάρκειας Α1, Α2, Β1 και Β2. Η χρήση της ρηματικής όψης εξετάστηκε σε όλα τα περιβάλλοντα χρονικής αναφοράς, αλλά και σε να- συμπληρωματικές προτάσεις. Παράλληλα, έγινε προσπάθεια να γίνει μια γενικότερη περιγραφική ανάλυση του ρηματικού συστήματος της διαγλώσσας των συμμετεχόντων, προκειμένου να διαπιστωθούν τάσεις προτίμησης των μη φυσικών ομιλητών ως προς τη χρήση διαφόρων γραμματικών δομών. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν μέσα από την ανάλυση λαθών σε σχέση με τη ρηματική όψη δείχνουν ότι το συγκεκριμένο φαινόμενο έχει κατακτηθεί από τους συμμετέχοντες, ενώ παράλληλα δεν αναδείχθηκε κάποια στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στα λάθη ανάλογα με το επίπεδο γλωσσομάθειας. Επιπλέον, παρόλο που δεν διαπιστώθηκε τάση υπεργενίκευσης στη χρήση του συνοπτικού ή του μη συνοπτικού τύπου, οι συμμετέχοντες φαίνεται να έχουν μια τάση προτίμησης υπέρ της χρήσης των συνοπτικών τύπων του ρήματος στην ελληνική
description: The present study aims to investigate the acquisition of grammatical aspect in L2 Greek, through the written productions of students with Albanian L1. The survey data have been collected from Greek Corpus Linguistics (GCL) and the albanian-speaking students are at levels A1, A2, B1 and B2 of Greek as a second/ foreign language. The use of verbal aspect was tested in all tenses and forms, along with na-complement clauses. In addition, we attempted a general descriptive analysis of the verbal system of the participants’ interlanguage, in order to find potential bias for specific grammatical structures. The results of the error analysis show that the verbal aspect has been fully acquired by all groups of non-native speakers of Greek. Furthermore, there is no statistically significant difference found based on levels of language proficiency. While, it was not possible to confirm overgeneralization errors in use of perfective or imperfective forms, the specific participants seem to have a tendency to prefer the use of perfective forms of verbs in Greek
Comment on 'Path Summation Formulation of the Master Equation'
Creators: name: Flomenbom, Ophir
name: Klafter, Joseph
name: Silbey, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on 'Path Summation Formulation of the Master Equation'
Additional file 1 of Effects of multimodal agility-like exercise training compared to inactive controls and alternative training on physical performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Morat, Mareike
name: Morat, Tobias
name: Zijlstra, Wiebren
name: Donath, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Sociocultural barriers to hepatitis B health literacy in an immigrant population: a focus group study in Korean Americans
Creators: name: Hyun, Sarah
name: Okhyun Ko
name: Soonsik Kim
name: Ventura, William R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. HBV Demographic Form. Survey assessing demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of participants.
Search for direct CP-violation in K+- --> pi+-pi0pi0 decays
Creators: name: 2 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for direct CP-violation in K+- --> pi+-pi0pi0 decays based on 47.14 million events has been performed by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS. The asymmetry in the Dalitz plot linear slopes A_g=(g^+ - g^-)/(g^+ + g^-) is measured to be A_g=(1.8 +- 2.6).10^{-4}. The design of the experiment and the method of analysis provide good control of instrumental charge asymmetries in this measurement. The precision of the result is limited by statistics and is almost one order of magnitude better than that of previous measurements by other experiments.
description: 14 pages
Bayesian Evidence for Both Astrophysical and Primordial Black Holes: Mapping the GWTC-2 Catalog to Third-Generation Detectors
Creators: name: De Luca, V.
name: Franciolini, G.
name: Pani, P.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of the GWTC-2 catalog to investigate the mixed scenario in which the merger events are explained by black holes of both astrophysical and primordial origin. For the astrophysical scenario we adopt the phenomenological model used by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration and we include the correlation between different parameters inferred from data, the role of the spins in both the primordial and astrophysical scenarios, and the impact of accretion in the primordial scenario. Our best-fit mixed model has a strong statistical evidence relative to the single-population astrophysical model, thus supporting the coexistence of populations of black-hole mergers of two different origins. In particular, our results indicate that the astrophysical mergers account for roughly four times the number of primordial black hole events and predict that third-generation detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, should detect up to hundreds of mergers from primordial black hole binaries at redshift $z\gtrsim30$.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. v2: matching published version
Flavor Symmetry and Vacuum Aligned Mass Textures
Creators: name: Kaneko, Satoru
name: Sawanaka, Hideyuki
name: Shingai, Takaya
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
name: Yoshioka, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass matrix forms of quarks and leptons are discussed in theory with permutation flavor symmetry. The structure of scalar potential is analyzed in case that electroweak doublet Higgs fields have non-trivial flavor symmetry charges. We find that realistic forms of mass matrices are obtained dynamically in the vacuum of the theory, where some of Higgs bosons have vanishing expectation values which lead to vanishing elements in quark and lepton mass matrices. Mass textures are realized in the true vacuum and their positions are controlled by flavor symmetry. An interesting point is that, due to the flavor group structure, the up and down quark mass matrices are automatically made different in the vacuum, which lead to non-vanishing generation mixing. It is also discussed that flavor symmetry is needed to be broken in order not to have too light scalars. The lower bounds of Higgs masses are derived from the experimental data of flavor-changing rare processes such as the neutral K meson mixing.
description: 30pages, 2figures, some discussions are added, one reference is added
Non-equilibrium Green's function treatment of phonon scattering in carbon nanotube transistors
Creators: name: Koswatta, Siyuranga O.
name: Hasan, Sayed
name: Lundstrom, Mark S.
name: Anantram, M. P.
name: Nikonov, Dmitri E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detailed treatment of dissipative quantum transport in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The effect of phonon scattering on the device characteristics of CNTFETs is explored using extensive numerical simulation. Both intra-valley and inter-valley scattering mediated by acoustic (AP), optical (OP), and radial breathing mode (RBM) phonons are treated. Realistic phonon dispersion calculations are performed using force-constant methods, and electron-phonon coupling is determined through microscopic theory. Specific simulation results are presented for (16,0), (19,0), and (22,0) zigzag CNTFETs that are in the experimentally useful diameter range. We find that the effect of phonon scattering on device performance has a distinct bias dependence. Up to moderate gate biases the influence of high-energy OP scattering is suppressed, and the device current is reduced due to elastic back-scattering by AP and low-energy RBM phonons. At large gate biases the current degradation is mainly due to high-energy OP scattering. The influence of both AP and high-energy OP scattering is reduced for larger diameter tubes. The effect of RBM mode, however, is nearly independent of the diameter for the tubes studied here.
description: 52 pages, 1 table, 9 figures