cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cervicovaginal mucus barrier properties during pregnancy are impacted by the vaginal microbiome
Creators: name: Laney, Victoria
name: Hanes, Justin
name: DeLong, Kevin
name: Zulfiqar, Fareeha
name: Hoang, Thuy M.
name: Hernández, Nicole
name: Ortiz, Jairo Ortiz
name: Ensign, Laura M.
name: Burke, Anne E.
name: Bensouda, Sabrine
name: Zierden, Hannah C.
name: Lai, Samuel K.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2023

description: Introduction Mucus in the female reproductive tract acts as a barrier that traps and eliminates pathogens and foreign particles via steric and adhesive interactions. During pregnancy, mucus protects the uterine environment from ascension of pathogens and bacteria from the vagina into the uterus, a potential contributor to intrauterine inflammation and preterm birth. As recent work has demonstrated the benefit of vaginal drug delivery in treating women’s health indications, we sought to define the barrier properties of human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) during pregnancy to inform the design of vaginally delivered therapeutics during pregnancy. Methods CVM samples were self-collected by pregnant participants over the course of pregnancy, and barrier properties were quantified using multiple particle tracking. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiome. Results Participant demographics differed between term delivery and preterm delivery cohorts, with Black or African American participants being significantly more likely to delivery prematurely. We observed that vaginal microbiota is most predictive of CVM barrier properties and of timing of parturition. Lactobacillus crispatus dominated CVM samples showed increased barrier properties compared to polymicrobial CVM samples. Discussion This work informs our understanding of how infections occur during pregnancy, and directs the engineering of targeted drug treatments for indications during pregnancy.
TJ4DRadSet: A 4D Radar Dataset for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Zheng, Lianqing
name: Ma, Zhixiong
name: Zhu, Xichan
name: Tan, Bin
name: Li, Sen
name: Long, Kai
name: Sun, Weiqi
name: Chen, Sihan
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Wan, Mengyue
name: Huang, Libo
name: Bai, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The next-generation high-resolution automotive radar (4D radar) can provide additional elevation measurement and denser point clouds, which has great potential for 3D sensing in autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce a dataset named TJ4DRadSet with 4D radar points for autonomous driving research. The dataset was collected in various driving scenarios, with a total of 7757 synchronized frames in 44 consecutive sequences, which are well annotated with 3D bounding boxes and track ids. We provide a 4D radar-based 3D object detection baseline for our dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning methods for 4D radar point clouds. The dataset can be accessed via the following link: https://github.com/TJRadarLab/TJ4DRadSet.
description: 2022 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2022)
States that are far from being stabilizer states
Creators: name: Andersson, David
name: Bengtsson, Ingemar
name: Blanchfield, Kate
name: Dang, Hoan Bui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stabilizer states are eigenvectors of maximal commuting sets of operators in a finite Heisenberg group. States that are far from being stabilizer states include magic states in quantum computation, MUB-balanced states, and SIC vectors. In prime dimensions the latter two fall under the umbrella of Minimum Uncertainty States (MUS) in the sense of Wootters and Sussman. We study the correlation between two ways in which the notion of "far from being a stabilizer state" can be quantified, and give detailed results for low dimensions. In dimension 7 we identify the MUB-balanced states as being antipodal to the SIC vectors within the set of MUS, in a sense that we make definite. In dimension 4 we show that the states that come closest to being MUS with respect to all the six stabilizer MUBs are the fiducial vectors for Alltop MUBs.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
A Mapping Approach to Convert MTPs into a Capability and Skill Ontology
Creators: name: Köcher, Aljosha
name: Beers, Lasse
name: Fay, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Being able to quickly integrate new equipment and functions into an existing plant is a major goal for both discrete and process manufacturing. But currently, these two industry domains use different approaches to achieve this goal. While the Module Type Package (MTP) is getting more and more adapted in practical applications of process manufacturing, so-called skill-based manufacturing approaches are favored in the context of discrete manufacturing. The two approaches are incompatible because their models feature different contents and they use different technologies. This contribution provides a comparison of the MTP with a skill-based approach as well as an automated mapping that can be used to transfer the contents of an MTP into a skill ontology. Through this mapping, an MTP can be semantically lifted in order to apply functions like querying or reasoning. Furthermore, machines that were previously described using two incompatible models can now be used in one production process.
description: \c{opyright} 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Spatially resolved x-ray studies of liquid crystals with strongly developed bond-orientational order
Creators: name: Zaluzhnyy, I. A.
name: Kurta, R. P.
name: Sulyanova, E. A.
name: Gorobtsov, O. Y.
name: Shabalin, A. G.
name: Zozulya, A. V.
name: Menushenkov, A. P.
name: Sprung, M.
name: Ostrovskii, B. I.
name: Vartanyants, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an x-ray study of freely suspended hexatic films of the liquid crystal 3(10)OBC. Our results reveal spatial inhomogeneities of the bond-orientational (BO) order in the vicinity of the hexatic-smectic phase transition and the formation of large scale hexatic domains at lower temperatures. Deep in the hexatic phase up to 25 successive sixfold BO order parameters have been directly determined by means of angular x-ray cross-correlation analysis (XCCA). Such strongly developed hexatic order allowed us to determine higher order correction terms in the scaling relation predicted by the multicritical scaling theory over a full temperature range of the hexatic phase existence.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
Annihilation, bound state properties and photodetachment of the positronium negatively charged ion
Creators: name: Frolov, Alexei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound state properties of the negatively charged Ps$^{-}$ ion (or $e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}$) are discussed. The expectation values of operators which correspond to these properties have been determined with the use of the highly accurate wave functions constructed for this ion. Our best variational energy obtained for the Ps$^{-}$ ion is $E$ = -0.2620050 7023298 0107770 40051 $a.u.$ Annihilation of the electron-positron pair(s) in the negatively charged Ps$^{-}$ ion (or $e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}$) is considered in detail. By using accurate values for a number annihilation rates $Γ_{n γ}$, where $n$ = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, we evaluated the half-life $τ_a$ of the Ps$^{-}$ ion against positron annihilation ($τ_a = \frac{1}Γ \approx 4.793584140 \cdot 10^{-10}$ $sec$). Photodetachment of the Ps$^{-}$ ion is considered in the long-range, asymptotic approximation. The overall accuracy of our photodetachment cross-section of the Ps$^{-}$ ion is very good for such a simple approximation.
Fc-mediated pan-sarbecovirus protection after alphavirus vector vaccination
Creators: name: Bertera, Harry L.
name: West, Ande
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Hampton, Brea K.
name: Powers, John M.
name: Madden, Emily A.
name: Baxter, Victoria K.
name: Leist, Sarah R.
name: Zweigert, Mark R.
name: Gully, Kendra L.
name: Loome, Jennifer F.
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Premkumar, Lakshmanane
name: Castillo, Izabella N.
name: Schäfer, Alexandra
name: Adams, Lily E.
name: Montgomery, Stephanie A.
name: Maron, Jenny S.
name: McNamara, Ryan P.
name: Dinnon, Kenneth H.
name: Sarkar, Sanjay
name: Higgins, Jaclyn S.
name: Anderson, Elizabeth J.
name: Alter, Galit
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description: Group 2B β-coronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) have caused regional and global epidemics in modern history. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms of cross-sarbecovirus protective immunity, currently less clear yet important for pan-sarbecovirus vaccine development, using a panel of alphavirus-vectored vaccines covering bat to human strains. While vaccination does not prevent virus replication, it protects against lethal heterologous disease outcomes in both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clade 2 bat sarbecovirus challenge models. The spike vaccines tested primarily elicit a highly S1-specific homologous neutralizing antibody response with no detectable cross-virus neutralization. Rather, non-neutralizing antibody functions, mechanistically linked to FcgR4 and spike S2, mediate cross-protection in wild-type mice. Protection is lost in FcR knockout mice, further supporting a model for non-neutralizing, protective antibodies. These data highlight the importance of FcR-mediated cross-protective immune responses in universal pan-sarbecovirus vaccine designs.
Explicit Integration of Friedmann's Equation with Nonlinear Equations of State
Creators: name: Chen, Shouxin
name: Gibbons, Gary W.
name: Yang, Yisong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a continuation of our earlier study on the integrability of the Friedmann equations in the light of the Chebyshev theorem. Our main focus will be on a series of important, yet not previously touched, problems when the equation of state for the perfect-fluid universe is nonlinear. These include the generalized Chaplygin gas, two-term energy density, trinomial Friedmann, Born--Infeld, and two-fluid models. We show that some of these may be integrated using Chebyshev's result while other are out of reach by the theorem but may be integrated explicitly by other methods. With the explicit integration, we are able to understand exactly the roles of the physical parameters in various models play in the cosmological evolution. For example, in the Chaplygin gas universe, it is seen that, as far as there is a tiny presence of nonlinear matter, linear matter makes contribution to the dark matter, which becomes significant near the phantom divide line. The Friedmann equations also arise in areas of physics not directly related to cosmology. We provide some examples ranging from geometric optics and central orbits to soap films and the shape of glaciated valleys to which our results may be applied.
description: 43 pages no figures
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE FEBUXOSTAT MICROSPHERES
Creators: name: Bhukya Madhulatha ,  Zeenath Ruhy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate the mucoadhesive microspheres of Febuxostat. Febuxostat microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using polymers such as HPMC (K 100 M), Carbopol 940P, sodium CMC, sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose. Totally 12 different formulations of Febuxostat were prepared by using the above polymers. The microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesive property by in vitro wash-off test and in-vitro drug release. The formulation F10 was selected as an ideal formulation based on the in vitro release profile which shows an extended drug release of 97.22 % upto12 hrs in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. Surface morphology (SEM analysis) and drug-polymer interaction studies (FT-IR analysis) were performed only for the ideal formulation, F10. The microspheres were discrete, spherical in shape and had ideal surface morphology as confirmed by SEM and FT-IR studies indicated the lack of drug-polymer interactions in the ideal formulation, F10. The in vitro release data of all microsphere formulations were plotted in various kinetic equations to understand the mechanisms and kinetics of drug release. The ideal formulation, F10 followed Higuchi kinetics and value of "n," is calculated to be 0.36 indicated that the drug release shows Fickian diffusion.
Keywords: Carbopol 940P, HPMC (K 100 M), Ionotropic gelation method, Febuxostat, Sodium Alginate, Sodium CMC.
Delayed and Interrupted Ventilation with Excess Suctioning after Helping Babies Breathe with Congolese Birth Attendants
Creators: name: Berkelhamer, Sara
name: Kamath-Rayne, Beena D.
name: Patterson, Jackie K.
name: Nolen, Tracy
name: Mafuta, Eric
name: Tshefu, Antoinette
name: Bose, Carl
name: Haug, Ingunn
name: Bauserman, Melissa
name: Iyer, Pooja
name: Lowman, Casey
name: Lokangaka, Adrien
name: Myklebust, Helge
name: Eilevstjønn, Joar
name: Patterson, Janna
name: Ishoso, Daniel
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: There is a substantial gap in our understanding of resuscitation practices following Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training. We sought to address this gap through an analysis of observed resuscitations following HBB 2nd edition training in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial evaluating the effect of resuscitation training and electronic heart rate monitoring on stillbirths. We included in-born, liveborn neonates ≥28 weeks gestation whose resuscitation care was directly observed and documented. For the 2592 births observed, providers dried/stimulated before suctioning in 97% of cases and suctioned before ventilating in 100%. Only 19.7% of newborns not breathing well by 60 s (s) after birth ever received ventilation. Providers initiated ventilation at a median 347 s (>five minutes) after birth; no cases were initiated within the Golden Minute. During 81 resuscitations involving ventilation, stimulation and suction both delayed and interrupted ventilation with a median 132 s spent drying/stimulating and 98 s suctioning. This study demonstrates that HBB-trained providers followed the correct order of resuscitation steps. Providers frequently failed to initiate ventilation. When ventilation was initiated, it was delayed and interrupted by stimulation and suctioning. Innovative strategies targeting early and continuous ventilation are needed to maximize the impact of HBB.
Disk fragmentation and the formation of population III stars
Creators: name: Latif, M. A.
name: Schleicher, D. R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of population III star formation is still in its infancy. They are formed in dark matter minihalos of $\rm 10^5-10^6 M_{\odot}$ at $z=20-30$. Recent high resolution cosmological simulations show that a protostellar disk forms as a consequence of gravitational collapse and fragments into multiple clumps. However, it is not entirely clear if these clumps will be able to survive to form multiple stars as simulations are unable to follow the disk evolution for longer times. In this study, we employ a simple analytical model to derive the properties of marginally stable steady-state disks. Our results show that the stability of the disk depends on the critical value of the viscous parameter $α$. For $α_{crit} = 1$, the disk is stable for an accretion rate of $\rm \leq 10^{-3} M_{\odot}/yr$ and becomes unstable at radii about $\rm \geq 100 AU$ in the presence of an accretion rate of $\rm 10^{-2} M_{\odot}/yr$. For $0.06 < α_{crit} < 1$, the disk can be unstable for both accretion rates. The comparison of the migration and the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scales shows that clumps are expected to migrate inward before reaching the main sequence. Furthermore, in the presence of a massive central star the clumps within the central 1 AU will be tidally disrupted. We also find that UV feedback from the central star is unable to disrupt the disk, and that photo-evaporation becomes important only once the accretion rate has dropped to $\rm 2 \times 10^{-4} M_{\odot}/yr$. As a result, the central star may reach a mass of 100 $\rm M_{\odot}$ or even higher.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, comments are still wlecome
Collateral consequences of COVID-19 for people on probation and parole
Creators: name: Nowotny, Kathryn
name: Krajewski, Taylor
name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren
name: Corsi, Christopher
name: Seide, Kapriskie
name: Benson, Angela
name: LeMasters, Katherine
Publisher: name: BMC
Year: 2023

description: BACKGROUND: While the severe detrimental impact of COVID-19 on incarcerated people is well known, little is known about the experience of COVID-19 on those on community supervision. Our objective was to better understand the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and its collateral consequences for those on community supervision (e.g., probation, parole). Beginning in December 2020, we conducted 185 phone surveys about COVID-19 with participants in The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Study across its three sites - Florida, Kentucky, and North Carolina. We conducted rapid assessment interviews with both closed- and open-ended questions. We calculated descriptive statistics for close-ended questions and conducted a content analysis for open-ended questions. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic affected those on community supervision through their experiences in the community and while incarcerated with over one-quarter of participants being reincarcerated during this time. In addition to many (128/185) experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, about half (85/185) of participants reported a diagnosis in their network with 16 of those participants losing loved ones to the pandemic. Participants experienced disruptions to their social network, healthcare, and livelihoods. Though many maintained their support systems, others felt isolated and depressed. Experiences during COVID-19 exacerbated difficulties already faced by those with criminal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The public health community must recognize those experiencing probation and parole, not only those housed in carceral facilities, as disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We must tailor programs and services to meet their needs.
Observation of Incompressibility at $ν=4/11$ and $ν=5/13$
Creators: name: Samkharadze, N.
name: Arnold, I.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Csáthy, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The region of filling factors $1/3
Multilayer atomic cluster expansion for semi-local interactions
Creators: name: Bochkarev, Anton
name: Lysogorskiy, Yury
name: Ortner, Christoph
name: Csányi, Gábor
name: Drautz, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditionally, interatomic potentials assume local bond formation supplemented by long-range electrostatic interactions when necessary. This ignores intermediate range multi-atom interactions that arise from the relaxation of the electronic structure. Here, we present the multilayer atomic cluster expansion (ml-ACE) that includes collective, semi-local multi-atom interactions naturally within its remit. We demonstrate that ml-ACE significantly improves fit accuracy compared to a local expansion on selected examples and provide physical intuition to understand this improvement.
Detecting Feature Influences to Quality Attributes in Large and Partially Measured Spaces using Smart Sampling and Dynamic Learning in Knowledge-Based Systems
Creators: name: Munoz, Daniel-Jesus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is a presentation. Please, access and cite the corresponding publication:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110558
Emergent application domains (e.g., Edge Computing/Cloud/B5G systems) are complex to be built manually. They are characterised by high variability and are modelled by large Variability Models (VMs), leading to large configuration spaces. Due to the high number of variants present in such systems, it is challenging to find the best-ranked product regarding particular Quality Attributes (QAs) in a short time. Moreover, measuring QAs sometimes is not trivial, requiring a lot of time and resources, as is the case of the energy footprint of software systems — the focus of this paper. Hence, we need a mechanism to analyse how features and their interactions influence energy footprint, but without measuring all configurations. While practical, sampling and predictive techniques base their accuracy on uniform spaces or some initial domain knowledge, which are not always possible to achieve. Indeed, analysing the energy footprint of products in large configuration spaces raises specific requirements that we explore in this work. This paper presents SAVRUS (Smart Analyser of Variability Requirements in Unknown Spaces), an approach for sampling and dynamic statistical learning without relying on initial domain knowledge of large and partially QA-measured spaces. SAVRUS reports the degree to which features and pairwise interactions influence a particular QA, like energy efficiency. We validate and evaluate SAVRUS with a selection of likewise systems, which define large searching spaces containing scattered measurements.
description: This work is supported by the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement DAEMON H2020-101017109, by the projects IRIS PID2021-12281 2OB-I00 (co-financed by FEDER funds), Rhea P18-FR-1081 (MCI/ AEI/ FEDER, UE), and LEIA UMA18-FEDERIA-157, and the PRE2019-087496 grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain .
Ear Datasets - BU, MOS, ZIC
Creators: name: Etter, Lauren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ear dataset
ear identification

description: Contains three zipped files of de-identified ear image datasets. "ears_BU.zip" - contains two left ear images from 194 participants taken on the Boston University Campus "MOS_cropped.zip" - contains four left ear images from n=238 participants taken at the Boston Museum of Science "zambianinfantcohort_zipped.zip" contains two left and two right ear images from n=224 participants taken at Chawama Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia "Extended Data" contains case report forms used via CommCare to collect demographic and UFC condition data for the MOS and ZIC participants, respectively.
description: NIH/FIC funding, award number: 5R21TW010939-02
BZINB Model-Based Pathway Analysis and Module Identification Facilitates Integration of Microbiome and Metabolome Data
Creators: name: Liu, Chuwen
name: Cho, Hunyong
name: Divaris, Kimon
name: Ribeiro, Apoena Aguiar
name: Roach, Jeff
name: Lin, Bridget M.
name: Wu, Di
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Integration of multi-omics data is a challenging but necessary step to advance our understanding of the biology underlying human health and disease processes. To date, investigations seeking to integrate multi-omics (e.g., microbiome and metabolome) employ simple correlation-based network analyses; however, these methods are not always well-suited for microbiome analyses because they do not accommodate the excess zeros typically present in these data. In this paper, we introduce a bivariate zero-inflated negative binomial (BZINB) model-based network and module analysis method that addresses this limitation and improves microbiome–metabolome correlation-based model fitting by accommodating excess zeros. We use real and simulated data based on a multi-omics study of childhood oral health (ZOE 2.0; investigating early childhood dental caries, ECC) and find that the accuracy of the BZINB model-based correlation method is superior compared to Spearman’s rank and Pearson correlations in terms of approximating the underlying relationships between microbial taxa and metabolites. The new method, BZINB-iMMPath, facilitates the construction of metabolite–species and species–species correlation networks using BZINB and identifies modules of (i.e., correlated) species by combining BZINB and similarity-based clustering. Perturbations in correlation networks and modules can be efficiently tested between groups (i.e., healthy and diseased study participants). Upon application of the new method in the ZOE 2.0 study microbiome–metabolome data, we identify that several biologically-relevant correlations of ECC-associated microbial taxa with carbohydrate metabolites differ between healthy and dental caries-affected participants. In sum, we find that the BZINB model is a useful alternative to Spearman or Pearson correlations for estimating the underlying correlation of zero-inflated bivariate count data and thus is suitable for integrative analyses of multi-omics data such as those encountered in microbiome and metabolome studies.
Household Surveillance for Norovirus Gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort: A Nested Case—Control Analysis of Norovirus Risk Factors
Creators: name: Bucardo, Filemón
name: Vinjé, Jan
name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
name: Zepeda, Omar
name: Vielot, Nadja Alexandra
name: González, Fredman
name: Reyes, Yaoska
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Norovirus causes a large proportion of pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, and no vaccines are currently available. To inform public health measures against norovirus gastroenteritis, we assessed risk factors in a case–control study nested in a birth cohort study in Nicaragua. Between June 2017 and January 2022, we followed children weekly for AGE episodes, and collected stool specimens from symptomatic children. Risk factors for AGE were collected during routine weekly visits. Norovirus was detected in stools using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and positive specimens were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. We included 40 norovirus-positive AGE children matched 1:2 to controls and conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses of norovirus AGE risk factors. Among typeable norovirus infections, GII.4 were more severe than non-GII.4 (four/twenty-one vs. one/nine) and accounted for all emergency visits and hospitalizations. Adjusted conditional logistic regression found that female sex and higher length-for-age Z score were protective against norovirus AGE; a dirt floor in the home, sharing cups or bottles, and recent contact with someone with AGE symptoms were associated with norovirus AGE, though estimates were highly imprecise. Reducing contact with symptomatic persons and with saliva or other bodily fluids on cups or floors could reduce infant norovirus incidence.
Aged G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 (Grk3)-Deficient Mice Exhibit Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis and Develop Bone Lesions Analogous to Human Paget’s Disease of Bone
Creators: name: Ren, Yinshi
name: Mirando, Anthony
name: Wani, Sachin
name: Bowser, Jessica L.
name: Lee, Hyun Ho
name: Eudy, Amanda M.
name: Ghosh, Arin
name: Tarrant, Teresa K.
name: Ralston, Stuart H.
name: Hurst, Katlyn
name: Brozowski, Jaime M.
name: Rampersad, Rishi R.
name: Rabjohns, Emily M.
name: Hilton, Matthew J.
name: Gladman, Justin
name: Berg, Kathryn
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Paget’s Disease of Bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by dysregulated osteoclast function leading to focal abnormalities of bone remodeling. It can lead to pain, fracture, and bone deformity. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) is an important negative regulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. GRK3 is known to regulate GPCR function in osteoblasts and preosteoblasts, but its regulatory function in osteoclasts is not well defined. Here, we report that Grk3 expression increases during osteoclast differentiation in both human and mouse primary cells and established cell lines. We also show that aged mice deficient in Grk3 develop bone lesions similar to those seen in human PDB and other Paget’s Disease mouse models. We show that a deficiency in Grk3 expression enhances osteoclastogenesis in vitro and proliferation of hematopoietic osteoclast precursors in vivo but does not affect the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption function or cellular senescence pathway. Notably, we also observe decreased Grk3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PDB compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Our data suggest that GRK3 has relevance to the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and that it may have relevance to the pathogenesis of PDB and other metabolic bone diseases associated with osteoclast activation.
Interactions of SNPs in Folate Metabolism Related Genes on Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness in European Americans and African Americans
Creators: name: Sarkar, Indrani
name: Ratliff, Calvin T.
name: Bensen, Jeannette T.
name: Fontham, Elizabeth T. H.
name: Steck, Susan E.
name: Lin, Hui-Yi
name: Diekman, Alan
name: Mohler, James L.
name: Rogers, Lora J.
name: Su, L. Joseph
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Background: Studies showed that folate and related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could predict prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, little is known about the interactions of folate-related SNPs associated with PCa aggressiveness. The study’s objective is to evaluate SNP–SNP interactions among the DHFR 19-bp polymorphism and 10 SNPs in folate metabolism and the one-carbon metabolism pathway associated with PCa aggressiveness. Methods: We evaluated 1294 PCa patients, including 690 European Americans (EAs) and 604 African Americans (AAs). Both individual SNP effects and pairwise SNP–SNP interactions were analyzed. Results: None of the 11 individual polymorphisms were significant for EAs and AAs. Three SNP–SNP interaction pairs can predict PCa aggressiveness with a medium to large effect size. For the EA PCa patients, the interaction between rs1801133 (MTHFR) and rs2236225 (MTHFD1), and rs1801131 (MTHFR) and rs7587117 (SLC4A5) were significantly associated with aggressive PCa. For the AA PCa patients, the interaction of DHFR-19bp polymorphism and rs4652 (LGALS3) was significantly associated with aggressive PCa. Conclusions: These SNP–SNP interactions in the folate metabolism-related genes have a larger impact than SNP individual effects on tumor aggressiveness for EA and AA PCa patients. These findings can provide valuable information for potential biological mechanisms of PCa aggressiveness.
Robust multiscale estimation of time-average variance for time series segmentation
Creators: name: McGonigle, Euan T.
name: Cho, Haeran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There exist several methods developed for the canonical change point problem of detecting multiple mean shifts, which search for changes over sections of the data at multiple scales. In such methods, estimation of the noise level is often required in order to distinguish genuine changes from random fluctuations due to the noise. When serial dependence is present, using a single estimator of the noise level may not be appropriate. Instead, it is proposed to adopt a scale-dependent time-average variance constant that depends on the length of the data section in consideration, to gauge the level of the noise therein. Accordingly, an estimator that is robust to the presence of multiple mean shifts is developed. The consistency of the proposed estimator is shown under general assumptions permitting heavy-tailedness, and its use with two widely adopted data segmentation algorithms, the moving sum and the wild binary segmentation procedures, is discussed. The performance of the proposed estimator is illustrated through extensive simulation studies and on applications to the house price index and air quality data sets.
Shuttle-promoted nano-mechanical current switch
Creators: name: Song, Taegeun
name: Gorelik, Leonid Y.
name: Shekhter, Robert I.
name: Kiselev, Mikhail N.
name: Kikoin, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron shuttling in three-terminal nanoelectromechanocal device built on a movable metallic rod oscillating between two drains. The device shows a double-well shaped electromechanical potential tunable by a source-drain bias voltage. Four stationary regimes controllable by the bias are found for this device: (i) single stable fixed point, (ii) two stable fixed points, (iii) two limiting cycles, and (iv) single limiting cycle. In the presence of perpendicular magnetic field the Lorentz force makes possible switching from one electromechanical state to another. The mechanism of tunable transitions between various stable regimes based on the interplay between voltage controlled electromechanical instability and magnetically controlled switching is suggested. The switching phenomenon is implemented for achieving both a reliable \emph{active} current switch and sensoring of small variations of magnetic field.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Kinematical Properties of Planetary Nebulae with WR-type Nuclei
Creators: name: Danehkar, Ashkbiz
name: Steffen, Wolfgang
name: Parker, Quentin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy of H$α$, [N II] and [O III] emission lines for a sample of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) with Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and weak emission-line stars (wels). Comparing their spatially-resolved kinematic observations with morpho-kinematic models allowed us to disentangle their three-dimensional gaseous structures. Our results indicate that these PNe have axisymmetric morphologies, either bipolar or elliptical. In many cases the associated kinematic maps for the PNe around hot central stars also reveal the presence of so-called fast low-ionization emission regions.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting (APRIM) 2014, minor typo corrected
Topological spherical space forms
Creators: name: Hambleton, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S25, 53C30

description: Free actions of finite groups on spheres give rise to topological spherical space forms. The existence and classification problems for space forms have a long history in the geometry and topology of manifolds. In this article, we present a survey of some of the main results and a guide to the literature.
Neural-network selection of high-redshift radio quasars, and the luminosity function at z~4
Creators: name: Tuccillo, D.
name: Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.
name: Benn, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a sample of 87 radio-loud QSOs in the redshift range 3.6 1 mJy with star-like objects having r <20.2 in SDSS Data Release 7. Of these 87 QSOs, 80 are spectroscopically classified in previous work (mainly SDSS), and form the training set for a search for additional such sources. We apply our selection to 2,916 FIRST-DR7 pairs and find 15 likely candidates. Seven of these are confirmed as high-redshift quasars, bringing the total to 87. The candidates were selected using a neural-network, which yields 97% completeness (fraction of actual high-z QSOs selected as such) and an efficiency (fraction of candidates which are high-z QSOs) in the range of 47 to 60%. We use this sample to estimate the binned optical luminosity function of radio-loud QSOs at $z\sim 4$, and also the LF of the total QSO population and its comoving density. Our results suggest that the radio-loud fraction (RLF) at high z is similar to that at low-z and that other authors may be underestimating the fraction at high-z. Finally, we determine the slope of the optical luminosity function and obtain results consistent with previous studies of radio-loud QSOs and of the whole population of QSOs. The evolution of the luminosity function with redshift was for many years interpreted as a flattening of the bright end slope, but has recently been re-interpreted as strong evolution of the break luminosity for high-z QSOs, and our results, for the radio-loud population, are consistent with this.
description: 20 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 3 March 2015
Self-mixing in microtubule-kinesin active fluid from nonuniform to uniform distribution of activity
Creators: name: Bate, Teagan E
name: Varney, Megan E
name: Taylor, Ezra H
name: Dickie, Joshua H
name: Chueh, Chih-Che
name: Norton, Michael M
name: Wu, Kun-Ta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active fluids have applications in micromixing, but little is known about the mixing kinematics of systems with spatiotemporally-varying activity. To investigate, UV-activated caged ATP was used to activate controlled regions of microtubule-kinesin active fluid and the mixing process was observed with fluorescent tracers and molecular dyes. At low Péclet numbers (diffusive transport), the active-inactive interface progressed toward the inactive area in a diffusion-like manner that was described by a simple model combining diffusion with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At high Péclet numbers (convective transport), the active-inactive interface progressed in a superdiffusion-like manner that was qualitatively captured by an active-fluid hydrodynamic model coupled to ATP transport. Results showed that active fluid mixing involves complex coupling between distribution of active stress and active transport of ATP and reduces mixing time for suspended components with decreased impact of initial component distribution. This work will inform application of active fluids to promote micromixing in microfluidic devices.
description: 46 pages, 19 figures
Si$_3$N$_4$ nanobeam optomechanical crystals
Creators: name: Grutter, Karen E.
name: Davanco, Marcelo
name: Srinivasan, Kartik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of Si$_3$N$_4$ nanobeam optomechanical crystals is reviewed. These structures consist of a 350 nm thick, 700 nm wide doubly-clamped Si$_3$N$_4$ nanobeam that is periodically patterned with an array of air holes to which a defect region is introduced. The periodic patterning simultaneously creates a photonic bandgap for 980 nm band photons and a phononic bandgap for 4 GHz phonons, with the defect region serving to co-localize optical and mechanical modes within their respective bandgaps. These optical and mechanical modes interact dispersively with a coupling rate $g_{0}/2π\approx$100 kHz, which describes the shift in cavity mode optical frequency due to the zero-point motion of the mechanical mode. Optical sidebands generated by interaction with the mechanical mode lie outside of the optical cavity linewidth, enabling possible use of this system in applications requiring sideband-resolved operation. Along with a review of the basic device design, fabrication, and measurement procedures, we present new results on improved optical quality factors (up to $4\times10^5$) through optimized lithography, measurements of devices after HF acid surface treatment, and temperature dependent measurements of mechanical damping between 6~K and 300~K. A frequency-mechanical quality factor product $\left(f{\times}Q_m\right)$ as high as $\approx2.6\times10^{13}$ Hz is measured.
description: Fixed typo in abstract
Gauge-theoretic origin of Rydberg quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Tarabunga, P. S.
name: Surace, F. M.
name: Andreoni, R.
name: Angelone, A.
name: Dalmonte, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent atomic physics experiments and numerical works have reported complementary signatures of the emergence of a topological quantum spin liquid in models with blockade interactions. However, the specific mechanism stabilizing such a phase remains unclear. Here, we introduce an exact relation between an Ising-Higgs lattice gauge theory on the kagome lattice and blockaded models on Ruby lattices. This relation elucidates the origin of previously observed topological spin liquids by directly linking the latter to a deconfined phase of a solvable gauge theory. By means of exact diagonalization and unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the deconfined phases extend in a broad region of the parameter space; these states are characterized by a large ground state overlap with resonating valence bond wavefunctions. These blockaded models include both creation/annihilation and hopping dynamics, and can be experimentally realized with Rydberg-dressed atoms, offering novel and controllable platforms for the engineering and characterisation of spin liquid states.
description: 7+7 pages, 4+2 figures
Cellular Therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter’s Transformation: Recent Developments in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Creators: name: Grover, Natalie S.
name: Coombs, Catherine C.
name: O’Brien, Susan M.
name: Easaw, Saumya
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Cellular therapies can be viewed as both the newest and oldest techniques for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Richter’s transformation (RT). On one hand, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) has been available for decades, though its use is diminishing with the increasing availability of effective novel targeted agents, especially in CLL. Among newer techniques, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated astounding efficacy in several hematologic malignancies, leading to FDA approval and use in clinical practice. However, though CLL is the earliest disease type for which CAR-T were studied, development has been slower and has yet to lead to regulatory approval. Owing partially to its rarity but also due to the aggressive behavior of RT, CAR-T in RT have only been minimally explored. Here, we will focus on the applications of cellular therapies in CLL and RT, specifically reviewing more recent data related to alloHSCT in the novel-agent era and CAR-T cell development in CLL/RT, focusing on safety and efficacy successes and limitations. We will review strategies to improve upon CAR-T efficacy and discuss ongoing trials utilizing CAR-T in CLL/RT, as well as emerging technologies, such as allogeneic CAR-T and natural killer CAR (CAR NK) cells.
Probing the imprint of interacting dark energy on very large scales
Creators: name: Duniya, Didam
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed galaxy power spectrum acquires relativistic corrections from lightcone effects, and these corrections grow on very large scales. Future galaxy surveys in optical, infrared and radio bands will probe increasingly large wavelength modes and reach higher redshifts. In order to exploit the new data on large scales, an accurate analysis requires inclusion of the relativistic effects. This is especially the case for primordial non-Gaussianity and for extending tests of dark energy models to horizon scales. Here we investigate the latter, focusing on models where the dark energy interacts non-gravitationally with dark matter. Interaction in the dark sector can also lead to large-scale deviations in the power spectrum. If the relativistic effects are ignored, the imprint of interacting dark energy will be incorrectly identified and thus lead to a bias in constraints on interacting dark energy on very large scales.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Minor corrections. Version accepted by Physical Review D
Hardware-accelerated Mars Sample Localization via deep transfer learning from photorealistic simulations
Creators: name: Castilla-Arquillo, Raúl
name: Pérez-del-Pulgar, Carlos Jesús
name: Paz-Delgado, Gonzalo Jesús
name: Gerdes, Levin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The goal of the Mars Sample Return campaign is to collect soil samples from the surface of Mars and return them to Earth for further study. The samples will be acquired and stored in metal tubes by the Perseverance rover and deposited on the Martian surface. As part of this campaign, it is expected that the Sample Fetch Rover will be in charge of localizing and gathering up to 35 sample tubes over 150 Martian sols. Autonomous capabilities are critical for the success of the overall campaign and for the Sample Fetch Rover in particular. This work proposes a novel system architecture for the autonomous detection and pose estimation of the sample tubes. For the detection stage, a Deep Neural Network and transfer learning from a synthetic dataset are proposed. The dataset is created from photorealistic 3D simulations of Martian scenarios. Additionally, the sample tubes poses are estimated using Computer Vision techniques such as contour detection and line fitting on the detected area. Finally, laboratory tests of the Sample Localization procedure are performed using the ExoMars Testing Rover on a Mars-like testbed. These tests validate the proposed approach in different hardware architectures, providing promising results related to the sample detection and pose estimation.
description: Preprint version only. Final version at IEEE Xplore. Accepted for IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters