cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universality in holographic entropy production
Creators: name: Keranen, Ville
name: Nishimura, Hiromichi
name: Stricker, Stefan
name: Taanila, Olli
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time evolution of two entropy-like quantities, the holographic entanglement entropy and causal holographic information, in a model of holographic thermalization dual to the gravitational collapse of a thin planar shell. Unlike earlier calculations valid in different limits, we perform a full treatment of the dynamics of the system, varying both the shell's equation of state and initial position. In all cases considered, we find that between an early period related to the acceleration of the shell and a late epoch of saturation towards the thermal limit, the entanglement entropy exhibits universal linear growth in time in accordance with the prediction of Liu and Suh. As intermediate steps of our analysis, we explicitly construct a coordinate system continuous at the location of an infinitely thin shell and derive matching conditions for geodesics and extremal surfaces traversing this region.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures; v2: References added and typos corrected
Nubi in East Africa Embracing Dual Citizenship in Their Host Countries 2023 Dr SMS.docx
Creators: name: Sebit, Sebit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 451905
subject: Global Indigenous studies sciences

description: This study utilizes a qualitative approach to delve into the experiences and perspectives of the Nubi community in East Africa regarding dual citizenship. Qualitative research offers a detailed understanding of their challenges and viewpoints.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of sickle cell disorders and malaria infection in children aged 1–12 years in the Volta Region, Ghana: a community-based study
Creators: name: Oppong, Mavis
name: Lamptey, Helena
name: Kyei-Baafour, Eric
name: Aculley, Belinda
name: Ofori, Ebenezer Addo
name: Tornyigah, Bernard
name: Kweku, Margaret
name: Ofori, Michael F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Haemoglobin classification from isoelectric focussing analysis. Table S2. Distribution of anthropometric indices among the haemoglobin classifications.
Inez Austin - Controversy is settled at Hanford, Reprimand, evaluation of whistle-blower lifted
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public Health and Safety
Environmental Justice
Employer/Employee Relationships
Workplace Ethics
Community Relations
Social Responsibility
Social Justice
Whistleblowing

description: An article about Inez Austin's complaint from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, December 5, 1990
Influence of diagram layout and scrolling on understandability of BPMN processes: an eye tracking experiment with BPMN diagrams
Creators: name: Lübke, Daniel
name: Ahrens, Maike
name: Schneider, Kurt
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: BPMN
subject: Experiment
subject: Eye tracking
subject: Layout
subject: Scrolling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::070 | Nachrichtenmedien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: Business process modeling is an important activity for developing software systems—especially within digitization projects and when realizing digital business models. Specifying requirements and building executable workflows is often done by using BPMN 2.0 process models. Although there are several style guides available for BPMN, e.g., by Silver and Richard (BPMN method and style, vol 2, Cody-Cassidy Press, Aptos, 2009), there has not been much empirical research done into the consequences of the diagram layout. In particular, layouts that require scrolling have not been investigated yet. The aim of this research is to establish layout guidelines for business process modeling that help business process modelers to create more understandable business process diagrams. For establishing benefits and penalties of different layouts, a controlled eye tracking experiment was conducted, in which data of 21 professional software developers was used. Our results show that horizontal layouts are less demanding and that as many diagram elements as possible should be put on the initially visible screen area because such diagram elements are viewed more often and longer. Additionally, diagram elements related to the reader’s task are read more often than those not relevant to the task. BPMN modelers should favor a horizontal layout and use a more complex snake or multi-line layout whenever the diagrams are too large to fit on one page in order to support BPMN model comprehension.
Additional file 1 of Early DAS response after DMARD-start increases probability of achieving sustained DMARD-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Verstappen, M.
name: E. Niemantsverdriet
name: X. M. E. Matthijssen
name: S. Le Cessie
name: A. H. M. Van Der Helm-Van Mil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of patients with a complete DAS at 4 months and patients with missing/incomplete DAS at 4 months. Figure S2. Flowchart diagram of the selection of study participants. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of excluded patients due to trial participation. Table S4. Results linear mixed model analysis of DAS over time. Table S5. Results linear mixed model analysis of DAS-components over time. Table S6. Logistic regression models (uni- and multivariable) for SDFR-development within 7 years. Table S7. Sensitivity analysis of all patients achieving SDFR during complete follow-up. Table S8. Sensitivity analysis of patients achieving SDFR within 7 years, but flaring after 7 years. Table S9. Logistic regression models with imputed data. Figure S10. Kaplan-Meier curves with imputed data (ACPA negative patients only).
Ultracompact Vanadium Dioxide Dual-Mode Plasmonic Waveguide Electroabsorption Modulator
Creators: name: Ooi, Kelvin J. A.
name: Bai, Ping
name: Chu, Hong Son
name: Ang, Lay Kee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subwavelength modulators play an indispensable role in integrated photonic-electronic circuits. Due to weak light-matter interactions, it is always a challenge to develop a modulator with a nanometer scale footprint, low switching energy, low insertion loss and large modulation depth. In this paper, we propose the design of a vanadium dioxide dual-mode plasmonic waveguide electroabsorption modulator using a metal-insulator-VO$_2$-insulator-metal (MIVIM) waveguide platform. By varying the index of vanadium dioxide, the modulator can route plasmonic waves through the low-loss dielectric insulator layer during the "on" state and high-loss VO$_2$ layer during the "off" state, thereby significantly reducing the insertion loss while maintaining a large modulation depth. This ultracompact waveguide modulator, for example, can achieve a large modulation depth of ~10dB with an active size of only 200x50x220nm$^3$ (or ~λ$^3$/1700), requiring a drive-voltage of ~4.6V. This high performance plasmonic modulator could potentially be one of the keys towards fully-integrated plasmonic nanocircuits in the next-generation chip technology.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
First Use of ISS Astronaut Pictures for Light Pollution Studies
Creators: name: Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro
name: García, Lucia
name: Lindberg Christensen, Lars
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: light pollution, night, remote sensing

description: Scientists are tapping into photographs taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to reliably measure the amount of light pollution worldwide. This study not only includes the well-known signatures of cities and streets, but also the effects of faint indirectly scattered light, which up to now had not been measured quantitatively. The new results confirm that this diffuse glow, which is seen from space, is scattered light from streetlights and buildings. This is the component responsible for the brightening of the night skies in and around cities, which drastically limits the visibility of faint stars and the Milky Way. The team also concludes that European countries and cities with a higher public debt also have higher energy consumption for street lighting per inhabitant, and that the total cost of the energy consumption for street lights is 6300 million euros/year in the European Union. The findings were presented today at the IAU XXIX General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawaii.
description: Please, go to the original webpage to reference correctly the credits of each image. https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1510/ The Milan images where located on the NASA archive in a 1.3 million images, so, please, although the Cities at Night volunteers did not take the image, we recommend to credit their work by citing the project and this press release.
Dissipative structures in topological lattices of nonlinear optical resonators
Creators: name: Tusnin, Aleksandr
name: Tikan, Alexey
name: Komagata, Kenichi
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the dynamics and spatio-temporal pattern formation of driven lattices of nonlinear optical microresonators and analyze the formation of dissipative structures, in particular dissipative Kerr solitons. We consider both equally coupled one-dimensional chains, as well as the topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We show the complexity of the four-wave mixing pathways arising in these systems with the increasing dimensionality due to the combined spatial and synthetic frequency dimension of each resonator, and show that it can be modeled using a two-dimensional variant of the Lugiato-Lefever equation. We demonstrate the existence of two fundamentally different dynamical regimes in one-dimensional chains - elliptic and hyperbolic - inherent to the system. In the elliptic regime, we generate hexagonal patterns and a two-dimensional dissipative Kerr soliton corresponding to the global spatio-temporal mode-locking and discuss its similarity to edge-state solitons in the two-dimensional Haldane topological lattice. We find that the presence of the second dimension leads to the observation of regularized wave collapse. Furthermore, we study similarities and differences between a one-dimensional topological lattice and a single cavity and analyze nonlinearly induced edge-to-bulk scattering in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Moreover, we show that soliton formation can both be impaired in trivial but, importantly, also topologically protected bands due to nonlinear bulk edge scattering.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of The role of the media on maternal confidence in provider HPV recommendation
Creators: name: Walker, Kimberly K.
name: Owens, Heather
name: Zimet, Gregory
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Interview guide.
Additional file 1 of Upper limb muscle atrophy associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a two-center prospective observational study
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Nobuto
name: Oto, Jun
name: Tsutsumi, Rie
name: Akimoto, Yusuke
name: Nakano, Yuki
name: Masaji Nishimura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Image of ultrasound. Figure S2 Measurement sites of ultrasound. Table S1 Facility and equipment in this two-center prospective observational study. Table S2 Reproducibility of measurements. Table S3 Patient characteristics between survivors and non-survivors. Table S4 Biceps brachii and rectus femoris muscle atrophy between survivors and non-survivors in sepsis defined by sepsis-3 criteria.
Additional file 1 of Improved PET/MRI attenuation correction in the pelvic region using a statistical decomposition method on T2-weighted images
Creators: name: Wallstén, Elin
name: Axelsson, Jan
name: Jonsson, Joakim
name: Karlsson, Camilla Thellenberg
name: Tufve Nyholm
name: Larsson, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Parameters
Quantifying the Axial Magma Lens Dynamics at the Roof of Oceanic Magma Reservoirs (Dike/Gabbro Transition): Oman Drilling Project GT3 Site Survey
Creators: name: France, Lydéric
name: Lombard, Maéva
name: Nicollet, Christian
name: Berthod, Carole
name: Debret, Baptiste
name: Koepke, Juergen
name: Ildefonse, Benoit
name: Toussaint, Aurore
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: fast-spreading oceanic centers
subject: gabbros
subject: granoblastic dikes
subject: heat flux
subject: magma chamber
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: At oceanic spreading centers, the interactions between the igneous system that builds the crust, and the hydrothermal system that cools it govern the plumbing system architecture and its thermokinetic evolution. At fast-spreading centers, most of those interactions occur around the axial magma lens (AML) that feeds the upper crust, and possibly part of the underlying mushy igneous reservoir. Heat extracted from crystallizing AML is transferred through a conductive boundary layer to the overlying hydrothermal system. Quantifying the AML physical and thermal evolutions and its interactions with hydrothermal system is therefore essential to understand oceanic accretion. Those general issues were the rationale of drilling ICDP OmanDP Hole GT3A, and we present herein the geological, structural, and petrological data that were used as a site survey to select its location. GT3 area enables observations in three dimensions of fossilized AMLs and overlying dikes. The new field data and corresponding mineral compositions are used together with thermokinetic and thermodynamic models to deliver an integrated dynamic model for the AML/hydrothermal system interactions. Results attest that the isotropic gabbro interval is composite, with gabbro bodies intruding and reheating both gabbros and dikes (up to 1,040°C). We show that AMLs should be considered as transient igneous bodies that likely crystallize from primitive MORBs in decades, releasing heat to the intruded hosts, and feeding high temperature vents on the seafloor. We show for the first time that the thermal gradient recorded in AML roof is consistent with the heat fluxes reported at active hydrothermal vents.
Entropy-based Discovery of Summary Causal Graphs in Time Series
Creators: name: Assaad, Charles K.
name: Devijver, Emilie
name: Gaussier, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study addresses the problem of learning a summary causal graph on time series with potentially different sampling rates. To do so, we first propose a new causal temporal mutual information measure for time series. We then show how this measure relates to an entropy reduction principle that can be seen as a special case of the probability raising principle. We finally combine these two ingredients in PC-like and FCI-like algorithms to construct the summary causal graph. There algorithm are evaluated on several datasets, which shows both their efficacy and efficiency.
description: Published in Entropy (2022)
Exploring urban verticality during the 2011 flood in Bangkok, Thailand
Creators: name: Tuitjer, Leonie
Publisher: name: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bangkok
subject: coping strategies
subject: floods
subject: vertical urbanism
subject: vulnerability
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie::910 | Geografie, Reisen

description: Geographers have a long-established research interest in the ways infrastructures shape urban flood vulnerability and how urbanites cope with urban flooding. In this paper, I contribute to this literature by exploring the three-dimensional city during an urban flooding situation. Within a case study (based on interviews and ethnographic observations), I attend to ad hoc coping practices of a diverse city population during the 2011 flood in Bangkok. I foreground the vertical direction of these strategies and the affordances of the urban built environment and urban infrastructures that enabled such coping. The paper thus stages a conversation between established literature on urban flood vulnerability and coping with an emerging interest in vertical urbanism literature. Through this conversation between the two literatures, research on urban verticality is probed to consider verticality as a crucial dimension of urbanism during times of flood disasters.
title: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Special Issue "Powerskin 2019"
title: Special Issue "Powerskin 2019"
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Facade Design And Engineering
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Bio-inspired Transparent Microfluidic Platform as Transformable Networks for Solar Modulation...89-100
 Editorial...V
 Impacts on the Embodied Energy of Rammed Earth Façades During Production and Construction Stages...75-88
 Auxetic Structures and Advanced Daylight Control Systems...63-74
 Trombe Curtain Wall Façade...1-12
 Comparative Overview on LCA Software Programs for Application in the Façade Design Process...13-26
The PLUG-N-HARVEST Facade: A Second Skin with Active and Passive Components...101-114
 A Study on the Impact of Climate Adaptive Building Shells on Indoor Comfort...27-40
 SMP Prototype Design and Fabrication for Thermo-responsive Façade Elements...41-62
Probabilistic annotations for protocol models
Creators: name: Pavlovic, Dusko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.5; D.4.6; D.2.4
subject: 94A60, 68Q87

description: We describe how a probabilistic Hoare logic with localities can be used for reasoning about security. As a proof-of-concept, we analyze Vernam and El-Gamal cryptosystems, prove the security properties that they do satisfy and disprove those that they do not. We also consider a version of the Muddy Children puzzle, where children's trust and noise are taken into account.
description: 17 pages
Phenomenology of Reverse-Shock Emission in the Optical Afterglows of Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Japelj, J.
name: Kopac, D.
name: Kobayashi, S.
name: Harrison, R.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Virgili, F. J.
name: Mundell, C. G.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Gomboc, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a parent sample of 118 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, with known redshift and host galaxy extinction, to separate afterglows with and without signatures of dominant reverse-shock emission and to determine which physical conditions lead to a prominent reverse-shock emission. We identify 10 GRBs with reverse shock signatures - GRBs 990123, 021004, 021211, 060908, 061126, 080319B, 081007, 090102, 090424 and 130427A. By modeling their optical afterglows with reverse and forward shock analytic light curves and using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate the parameter space of the physical quantities describing the ejecta and circumburst medium. We find that physical properties cover a wide parameter space and do not seem to cluster around any preferential values. Comparing the rest-frame optical, X-ray and high-energy properties of the larger sample of non-RS-dominated GRBs, we show that the early-time ($$ 10 ks). We find that GRBs with an identifiable reverse shock component show high magnetization parameter $R_{\mathrm{B}} = \varepsilon_{\rm B,r}/\varepsilon_{\rm B,f} \sim 2 - 10^4$. Our results are in agreement with the mildly magnetized baryonic jet model of GRBs.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; corrected typos; accepted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia-Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus
Creators: name: Kazancı, Ceren
name: Oruç, Soner
name: Mosulishvili, Marine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Medicinal ethnobotany of reported wild plants in the study area.
Releasing Graph Neural Networks with Differential Privacy Guarantees
Creators: name: Olatunji, Iyiola E.
name: Funke, Thorben
name: Khosla, Megha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increasing popularity of graph neural networks (GNNs) in several sensitive applications like healthcare and medicine, concerns have been raised over the privacy aspects of trained GNNs. More notably, GNNs are vulnerable to privacy attacks, such as membership inference attacks, even if only black-box access to the trained model is granted. We propose PrivGNN, a privacy-preserving framework for releasing GNN models in a centralized setting. Assuming an access to a public unlabeled graph, PrivGNN provides a framework to release GNN models trained explicitly on public data along with knowledge obtained from the private data in a privacy preserving manner. PrivGNN combines the knowledge-distillation framework with the two noise mechanisms, random subsampling, and noisy labeling, to ensure rigorous privacy guarantees. We theoretically analyze our approach in the Renyi differential privacy framework. Besides, we show the solid experimental performance of our method compared to several baselines adapted for graph-structured data. Our code is available at https://github.com/iyempissy/privGnn.
description: Published in TMLR 2023
Analysis of Geologic Structures in the Southern Mergui Basin, Andaman Sea
Creators: name: Niramol Tintakorn
Publisher: name: Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mergui Basin, Mergui Fault, Ranong Fault, Seismic, Rifting

description: Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand (BEST), 5, 1, 68-88
Biased imitation in coupled evolutionary games in interdependent networks
Creators: name: Santos, M. D.
name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We explore the evolutionary dynamics of two games - the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Snowdrift Game - played within distinct networks (layers) of interdependent networks. In these networks imitation and interaction between individuals of opposite layers is established through interlinks. We explore an update rule in which revision of strategies is a biased imitation process: individuals imitate neighbors from the same layer with probability p, and neighbors from the second layer with complementary probability 1 - p. We demonstrate that a small decrease of p from p = 1 (which corresponds to forbidding strategy transfer between layers) is sufficient to promote cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma subpopulation. This, on the other hand, is detrimental for cooperation in the Snowdrift Game subpopulation. We provide results of extensive computer simulations for the case in which layers are modelled as regular random networks, and support this study with analytical results for coupled well-mixed populations.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Three Practical Workflow Schedulers for Easy Maximum Parallelism
Creators: name: Rogers, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Runtime scheduling and workflow systems are an increasingly popular algorithmic component in HPC because they allow full system utilization with relaxed synchronization requirements. There are so many special-purpose tools for task scheduling, one might wonder why more are needed. Use cases seen on the Summit supercomputer needed better integration with MPI and greater flexibility in job launch configurations. Preparation, execution, and analysis of computational chemistry simulations at the scale of tens of thousands of processors revealed three distinct workflow patterns. A separate job scheduler was implemented for each one using extremely simple and robust designs: file-based, task-list based, and bulk-synchronous. Comparing to existing methods shows unique benefits of this work, including simplicity of design, suitability for HPC centers, short startup time, and well-understood per-task overhead. All three new tools have been shown to scale to full utilization of Summit, and have been made publicly available with tests and documentation. This work presents a complete characterization of the minimum effective task granularity for efficient scheduler usage scenarios. These schedulers have the same bottlenecks, and hence similar task granularities as those reported for existing tools following comparable paradigms.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Spatters and Spills: Spreading Dynamics for Partially Wetting Droplets
Creators: name: Durian, Sylvia C. L.
name: Dillavou, Sam
name: Markin, Kwame
name: Portales, Adrian
name: Maldonado, Bryan O. Torres
name: Irvine, William T. M.
name: Arratia, Paulo E.
name: Durian, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a solvable model inspired by dimensional analysis for the time-dependent spreading of droplets that partially wet a substrate, where the spreading eventually stops and the contact angle reaches a nonzero equilibrium value. We separately consider small droplets driven by capillarity and large droplets driven by gravity. To explore both regimes, we first measure the equilibrium radius versus a comprehensive range of droplet volumes for four household fluids, and we compare the results with predictions based on minimizing the sum of gravitational and interfacial energies. The agreement is good, and gives a reliable measurement of an equilibrium contact angle that is consistent in both small and large droplet regimes. Next we use energy considerations to develop equations of motion for the time dependence of the spreading, in both regimes, where the driving forces are balanced against viscous drag in the bulk of the droplet and by friction at the moving contact line. Our approach leads to explicit prediction of the functional form of the spreading dynamics. It successfully describes prior data for a small capillary-driven droplet, and it fits well to new data we obtain for large gravity-driven droplets with a wide range of volumes.
Classical analog of qubit logic based on a magnon Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Mohseni, Morteza
name: Vasyuchka, Vitaliy I.
name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Serga, Alexander A.
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a classical version of several quantum bit (qubit) functionalities using a two-component magnon Bose-Einstein condensate formed at opposite wavevectors in a room-temperature yttrium-iron-garnet ferrimagnetic film. The macroscopic wavefunctions of these two condensates serve as orthonormal basis states that form a system being a classical counterpart of a single qubit. Solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and employing micromagnetic numerical simulations, we first show how to initialize the system in one of the basis states: the application of wavevector-selective parallel parametric pumping allows us to form only a single condensate in one of the two lowest energy states of the magnon gas. Next, by translating the concept of Rabi-oscillations into the wavevector domain, we demonstrate how to manipulate the magnon-BEC system along the polar axis in the Bloch sphere representation. We also discuss the manipulation regarding the azimuthal angle.
description: 3 figures
SIESTA-PEXSI: Massively parallel method for efficient and accurate \textit{ab initio} materials simulation without matrix diagonalization
Creators: name: Lin, Lin
name: García, Alberto
name: Huhs, Georg
name: Yang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a scheme for efficient large-scale electronic-structure calculations based on the combination of the pole expansion and selected inversion (PEXSI) technique with the SIESTA method, which uses numerical atomic orbitals within the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KSDFT) framework. The PEXSI technique can efficiently utilize the sparsity pattern of the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices generated in SIESTA, and for large systems has a much lower computational complexity than that associated with the matrix diagonalization procedure. The PEXSI technique can be used to evaluate the electron density, free energy, atomic forces, density of states and local density of states without computing any eigenvalue or eigenvector of the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian. It can achieve accuracy fully comparable to that obtained from a matrix diagonalization procedure for general systems, including metallic systems at low temperature. The PEXSI method is also highly scalable. With the recently developed massively parallel PEXSI technique, we can make efficient use of more than $10,000$ processors on high performance machines. We demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the SIESTA-PEXSI method using several examples of large scale electronic structure calculations, including 1D, 2D and bulk problems with insulating, semi-metallic, and metallic character.
Cutoff and Dynamical Phase Transition for the General Multi-component Ising Model
Creators: name: Yang, Seoyeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J10, 60K35, 82C20

description: We study the multi-component Ising model, which is also known as the block Ising model. In this model, the particles are partitioned into a fixed number of groups with a fixed proportion, and the interaction strength is determined by the group to which each particle belongs. We demonstrate that the Glauber dynamics on our model exhibits the cutoff$\mbox{--}$metastability phase transition as passing the critical inverse-temperature $β_{cr}$, which is determined by the proportion of the groups and their interaction strengths, regardless of the total number of particles. For $β<β_{cr}$, the dynamics shows a cutoff at $αn\log n$ with a window size $O(n)$, where $α$ is a constant independent of $n$. For $β=β_{cr}$, we prove that the mixing time is of order $n^{3/2}$. In particular, we deduce the so-called non-central limit theorem for the block magnetizations to validate the optimal bound at $β=β_{cr}$. For $β>β_{cr}$, we examine the metastability, which refers to the exponential mixing time. Our results, based on the position of the employed Ising model on the complete multipartite graph, generalize the results of previous versions of the model.
Additional file 1 of In silico identification of effector proteins from generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura
Creators: name: Prajapati, Vinod Kumar
name: Varma, Mahendra
name: Vadassery, Jyothilakshmi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Species distribution and similarity percentage of all the potential effector proteins in head and salivary gland against UniProt (Order: Lepidoptera). Figure S2. Enriched GO terms. Figure S3. Enriched GO terms of potential effector proteins assembled by referenced genome of S. litura. Figure S4. The enriched COG functions for predicted potential effector proteins in head and salivary gland of S. litura. Figure S5. The predicted Pfam domains of potential effector proteins that only present in plant fed salivary gland (SGF) of S. litura. (PDF 812 kb)
Many-body quantum state control in the presence of environmental noise
Creators: name: Yu, Zara
name: Luo, Da-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum state control of a multi-state system which evolves an initial state into a target state. We explicitly demonstrate the control method in an interesting case involving the transfer and rotation of a Schrödinger cat state through a coupled harmonic oscillator chain at a predetermined time $T$. We use the gradient-based Krotov's method to design the time-dependent parameters of the coupled chain to find an optimal control shape that will evolve the system into a target state. We show that the prescribed quantum state control can be achieved with high fidelity, and the robustness of the control against generic environment noises is explored. Our findings will be of interest for the optimal control of a many-body open quantum system in the presence of environmental noise.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Device-dependant modality selection for user-interfaces - an empirical study
Creators: name: Elting, Christian
name: Zwickel, Jan
name: Malaka, Rainer
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: user studies
subject: user Interfaces
subject: multi-modal
subject: device adaptation
subject: cognitive load theory
subject: 0

description: The presentation of information using multiple modalities influences the perception of users, their comfort, and their performance in using a computer-based information system. This paper presents a user study investigating the effects of different output modality-combinations on the effectiveness to transport information and on the user's acceptance of the system. We chose a tourist information system as a test environment and conducted the study on three different devices (PDA, TV set, and desktop computer) to investigate whether the best modality-combination depends on the used device. It turned out that the modality-combination of spoken text in connection with a picture was the most effective regarding recall-performance. This effect was strongest for users working with PDAs, which can be explained by the cognitive load theory. In contrast to this, participants ranked different modality combinations as most appealing, namely those with written text.
Constraining ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity inflationary framework with non-minimal Kähler operators
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayantan
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
name: Pukartas, Ernestas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we will illustrate how to constrain unavoidable Kähler corrections for ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity (SUGRA) inflation from the recent Planck data. We will show that the non-renormalizable Kähler operators will induce in general non-minimal kinetic term for the inflaton field, and two types of SUGRA corrections in the potential - the Hubble-induced mass ($c_{H}$), and the Hubble-induced A-term ($a_{H}$) correction. The entire SUGRA inflationary framework can now be constrained from (i) the speed of sound, $c_s$, and (ii) from the upper bound on the tensor to scalar ratio, $r_{\star}$. We will illustrate this by considering a heavy scalar degree of freedom at a scale, $M_s$, and a light inflationary field which is responsible for a slow-roll inflation. We will compute the corrections to the kinetic term and the potential for the light field explicitly. As an example, we will consider a visible sector inflationary model of inflation where inflation occurs at the point of inflection, which can match the density perturbations for the cosmic microwave background radiation, and also explain why the universe is filled with the Standard Model degrees of freedom. We will scan the parameter space of the non-renormalizable Kähler operators, which we find them to be order ${\cal O}(1)$, consistent with physical arguments. While the scale of heavy physics is found to be bounded by the tensor-to scalar ratio, and the speed of sound, $ {\cal O}(10^{11}\leq M_s\leq 10^{16}) $GeV, for $0.02\leq c_s\leq 1$ and $10^{-22}\leq r_\star \leq 0.12$.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in JHEP
Additional file 10 of In silico identification of effector proteins from generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura
Creators: name: Prajapati, Vinod Kumar
name: Varma, Mahendra
name: Vadassery, Jyothilakshmi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10: Figure R1-R17. Raw and unprocessed gel pictures correspondingto Fig. 9.
Combining Optimal Path Search With Task-Dependent Learning in a Neural Network
Creators: name: Kulvicius, Tomas
name: Tamosiunaite, Minija
name: Wörgötter, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding optimal paths in connected graphs requires determining the smallest total cost for traveling along the graph's edges. This problem can be solved by several classical algorithms where, usually, costs are predefined for all edges. Conventional planning methods can, thus, normally not be used when wanting to change costs in an adaptive way following the requirements of some task. Here we show that one can define a neural network representation of path finding problems by transforming cost values into synaptic weights, which allows for online weight adaptation using network learning mechanisms. When starting with an initial activity value of one, activity propagation in this network will lead to solutions, which are identical to those found by the Bellman-Ford algorithm. The neural network has the same algorithmic complexity as Bellman-Ford and, in addition, we can show that network learning mechanisms (such as Hebbian learning) can adapt the weights in the network augmenting the resulting paths according to some task at hand. We demonstrate this by learning to navigate in an environment with obstacles as well as by learning to follow certain sequences of path nodes. Hence, the here-presented novel algorithm may open up a different regime of applications where path-augmentation (by learning) is directly coupled with path finding in a natural way.
Developers of "Killer Robot" Worked Under Enormous Stress
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Safety
Product Liability
Workplace Ethics
Lab and Workplace Safety
Collaboration

description: "The Sentinel-Observer learned today that Randy Samuels and others who worked on the "killer robot" project at Silicon Techtronics Inc. were under tremendous pressure to finish the robot software by January 1 of this year. According to an informed source, top level management warned killer robot project staff that "heads would roll" if the January 1 deadline was not met."
Additional file 8 of Factors influencing water immersion during labour: qualitative case studies of six maternity units in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Milosevic, Sarah
name: Channon, Susan
name: Hughes, Jacqueline
name: Hunter, Billie
name: Nolan, Mary
name: Milton, Rebecca
name: Sanders, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 8 Interview Topic Guide – Student Midwives.
Robots, Pancakes, and Computer Games: Designing Serious Games for Robot Imitation Learning
Creators: name: Walther-Franks, Benjamin
name: Smeddinck, Jan David
name: Szmidt, Peter
name: Haidu, Andrei
name: Beetz, Michael
name: Malaka, Rainer
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming by demonstration
subject: human computation games
subject: Human-centered computing
subject: 0

description: Autonomous manipulation robots can be valuable aids as interactive agents in the home, yet it has proven extremely difficult to program their behavior. Imitation learning uses data on human demonstrations to build behavioral models for robots. In order to cover a wide range of action strategies, data from many individuals is needed. Acquiring such large amounts of data can be a challenge. Tools for data capturing in this domain must thus implement a good user experience. We propose to use human computation games in order to gather data on human manual behavior. We demonstrate the idea with a strategy game that is operated via a natural user interface. A comparison between using the game for action execution and demonstrating actions in a virtual environment shows that people interact longer and have a better experience when playing the game.
Revealing the frequency-dependent oscillations in the nonlinear terahertz response induced by the Josephson current
Creators: name: Zhang, Sijie
name: Sun, Zhiyuan
name: Liu, Qiaomei
name: Wang, Zixiao
name: Wu, Qiong
name: Yue, Li
name: Xu, Shuxiang
name: Hu, Tianchen
name: Li, Rongsheng
name: Zhou, Xinyu
name: Yuan, Jiayu
name: Gu, Genda
name: Dong, Tao
name: Wang, Nanlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear responses of superconductors to intense terahertz radiation has been an active research frontier. Using terahertz pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy, we investigate the c-axis nonlinear optical response of a high-temperature superconducting cuprate. After excitation by a single-cycle terahertz pump pulse, the reflectivity of the probe pulse oscillates as the pump-probe delay is varied. Interestingly, the oscillatory central frequency scales linearly with the probe frequency, a fact widely overlooked in pump-probe experiments. By theoretically solving the nonlinear optical reflection problem on the interface, we show that our observation is well explained by the Josephson-type third-order nonlinear electrodynamics, together with the emission coefficient from inside the material into free space. The latter results in a strong enhancement of the emitted signal whose physical frequency is around the Josephson plasma edge. Our result offers a benchmark for and new insights into strong-field terahertz spectroscopy of related quantum materials.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 7 of Factors influencing water immersion during labour: qualitative case studies of six maternity units in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Milosevic, Sarah
name: Channon, Susan
name: Hughes, Jacqueline
name: Hunter, Billie
name: Nolan, Mary
name: Milton, Rebecca
name: Sanders, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 7 Interview Topic Guide – Postnatal Women.
Modeling of electrochemical oxide film growth-a PDM refinement
Creators: name: Bösing, Ingmar
name: La Mantia, Fabio
name: Thöming, Jorg
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Passivity
subject: metal oxides
subject: modeling
subject: oxide film growth
subject: PDM
subject: Point Defect Model
subject: 660

description: The Point Defect Model (PDM) is known for over 40 years and has brought deeper insight to the understanding of passivity. During the last decades it has seen several changes and refinements, and it has been widely used to analyze growth kinetics of different alloys. Nevertheless, the model has been based on still unconfirmed assumptions, as constant and potential independent electric field strength. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a Refined PDM (R-PDM) in which we replace those assumptions by using additional equations for charge distribution including new physically valid boundary conditions based on considering finite dimensions for the defects by introduction of two defect layer at the film boundaries and by calculating the potential drop at the surface of the film towards the solution over the compact double layer. The calculations by the R-PDM show that the original PDM assumptions are only valid for very specific parameter combinations of oxide film growth and vacancies transport and cannot generally be taken for granted. We believe our findings of electric field and potential drop dependency on the external potential to pave the way for a more realistic description of passive layer formation.