cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On planet formation around supermassive black holes and the grain disruption barriers by radiative torques
Creators: name: Giang, Nguyen Chau
name: Hoang, Thiem
name: Tram, Le Ngoc
name: Dieu, Nguyen Duc
name: Diep, Pham Ngoc
name: Phuong, Nguyen Thi
name: Van Tuan, Bui
name: Bao, Truong Le Gia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been suggested that planets can form by dust coagulation in the torus of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with low luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}\lesssim 10^{42} erg s^{-1}$, constituting a new class of exoplanets orbiting the supermassive black hole called \textit{blanets}. However, large dust grains in the AGN torus may be rotationally disrupted by the Radiative Torque Disruption (RATD) mechanism due to AGN radiation feedback, which would prevent the blanet formation. To test this scenario, we adopt the simple smooth and clumpy dust/gas distribution inside the torus region to study the effect of RATD on the evolution of composite dust grains in the midplane of the torus. We found that grain growth and then blanet formation are possible in the smooth torus model. However, in the clumpy torus model, grain growth will be strongly constrained by RATD, assuming the gas density distribution as adopted in Wada et al. We also found that icy grain mantles inside clumps are quickly detached from the grain core by rotational desorption, reducing the sticking coefficient between icy grains and coagulation efficiency. The grain rotational disruption and ice desorption occur on timescales much shorter than the growth time up to a factor of $\sim 10^{4}$, which are the new barriers that grain growth must overcome to form blanets. Further studies with more realistic AGN models are required to better constrain the effect of RATD on grain growth and blanet formation hypothesis around low luminosity AGN.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures Accepted to ApJ
The Optical Design of CHARIS: An Exoplanet IFS for the Subaru Telescope
Creators: name: Peters-Limbach, Mary Anne
name: Groff, Tyler D.
name: Kasdin, N. Jeremy
name: Driscoll, Dave
name: Galvin, Michael
name: Foster, Allen
name: Carr, Michael A.
name: LeClerc, Dave
name: Fagan, Rad
name: McElwain, Michael W.
name: Knapp, Gillian
name: Brandt, Timothy
name: Janson, Markus
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: Martinache, Frantz
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Takato, Naruhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-contrast imaging techniques now make possible both imaging and spectroscopy of planets around nearby stars. We present the optical design for the Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS), a lenslet-based, cryogenic integral field spectrograph (IFS) for imaging exoplanets on the Subaru telescope. The IFS will provide spectral information for 138x138 spatial elements over a 2.07 arcsec x 2.07 arcsec field of view (FOV). CHARIS will operate in the near infrared (lambda = 1.15 - 2.5 microns) and will feature two spectral resolution modes of R = 18 (low-res mode) and R = 73 (high-res mode). Taking advantage of the Subaru telescope adaptive optics systems and coronagraphs (AO188 and SCExAO), CHARIS will provide sufficient contrast to obtain spectra of young self-luminous Jupiter-mass exoplanets. CHARIS will undergo CDR in October 2013 and is projected to have first light by the end of 2015. We report here on the current optical design of CHARIS and its unique innovations.
description: 15 pages
Apparent ghosts and spurious degrees of freedom in non-local theories
Creators: name: Foffa, Stefano
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Mitsou, Ermis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has shown that non-local modifications of the Einstein equations can have interesting cosmological consequences and can provide a dynamical origin for dark energy, consistent with existing data. At first sight these theories are plagued by ghosts. We show that these apparent ghost-like instabilities do not describe actual propagating degrees of freedom, and there is no issue of ghost-induced quantum vacuum decay.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. v2: cross-reference to 1311.3435 added
USING RANDOMNESS TO DEFEND AGAINST ADVERSARIAL EXAMPLES IN COMPUTER VISION
Creators: name: Ge, Huangyi
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Adversarial machine learning

description: Computer vision applications such as image classification and object detection often suffer from adversarial examples. For example, adding a small amount of noise to input images can trick the model into misclassification. Over the years, many defense mechanisms have been proposed, and different researchers have made seemingly contradictory claims on their effectiveness. This dissertation first presents an analysis of possible adversarial models and proposes an evaluation framework for comparing different more powerful and realistic adversary strategies. Then, this dissertation proposes two randomness-based defense mechanisms Random Spiking (RS) and MoNet to improve the robustness of image classifiers. Random Spiking generalizes dropout and introduces random noises in the training process in a controlled manner. MoNet uses the combination of secret randomness and Floyd-Steinberg dithering. Specifically, input images are first processed using Floyd-Steinberg dithering to reduce their color depth, and then the pixels are encrypted using the AES block cipher under a secret, random key. Evaluations under our proposed framework suggest RS and MoNet deliver better protection against adversarial examples than many existing schemes. Notably, MoNet significantly improves the resilience against transferability of adversarial examples, at the cost of a small drop in prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we extend the usage of MoNet to the object detection network and use it to align with model ensemble strategies (Affirmative and WBF (weighted fusion boxes)) and Test Time Augmentation (TTA). We call such a strategy 3MIX. Evaluations found that 3Mix can significantly improve the mean average precision (mAP) on both benign inputs and adversarial examples. In addition, 3Mix is a lightweight approach to migrate the adversarial examples without training new models.
title: Ein umgekehrter Laubfrosch; [1848]
title: Wenn Der heraufklettert, giebts Unwetter!
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Boddien, Alfons von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Lith. Anst. v. Ed. Gust. May in Frankfurt aM
Implementation Aspects of Uniform Blowing in Turbulent Boundary Layers
Creators: name: Fahland, Georg
name: Gatti, Davide
name: Stroh, Alexander
name: Frohnapfel, Bettina
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2022

description: We investigate the active turbulent boundary layer control (BLC) scheme of uniform blowing also known as micro-blowing technique applied on airfoils. In this contribution we will show the path relating numerical investigations to experimental investigations which we are currently preparing. A significant effort was put in understanding the differences previous experimental campaigns showed compared to numerical results. Therefore, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the momentum budget including the fluid utilized for control application. From this we draw a conclusion for the inevitable drag contribution of this control scheme as well as understanding the relation of different drag measurement techniques. We show the application of these findings for a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer flow via Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Furthermore we apply a set of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations to show the impact of these findings for varied control parameters in order to demonstrate the significance of the findings for both the relation of measurement quantities as well as the inevitable drag contributions of the support system. With this we give an overview of the prepared experimental setup which we plan on using to validate some of the numerical results in terms of aerodynamic performance enhancement capabilities as well as demonstrate the validity of the concepts regarding the drag relations.
Bouldrey, Brian (Hrsg.): Wrestling with the angel
Creators: name: Krondorfer, Björn
name: Reck, Norbert
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 7 Nr. 1 (2000): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 7, Heft 1
Finding Approximate Pythagorean Triples (and Applications to LEGO Robot Building)
Creators: name: Thiruvathukal, George K.
name: Greenberg, Ronald I.
name: Fahrenbacher, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Engineering education

description: This assignment combines programming and data analysis to determine good combinations of side lengths that approximately satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem for right triangles. This can be a standalone exercise using a wide variety of programming languages, but the results are useful for determining good ways to assemble LEGO pieces in robot construction, so the exercise can serve to integrate three different units of the Exploring Computer Science high school curriculum [3]: "Programming", "Computing and Data Analysis", and "Robotics". Sample assignment handouts are provided for both Scratch and Java programmers. Ideas for several variants of the assignment are also provided.
Cosmological dynamics and dark energy from non-local infrared modifications of gravity
Creators: name: Foffa, Stefano
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Mitsou, Ermis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed study of the cosmological dynamics of a recently proposed infrared modification of the Einstein equations, based on the introduction of a non-local term constructed with $m^2g_{μν}\Box^{-1} R$, where $m$ is a mass parameter. The theory generates automatically a dynamical dark energy component, that can reproduce the observed value of the dark energy density without introducing a cosmological constant. Fixing $m$ so to reproduce the observed value $Ω_{\rm DE}\simeq 0.68$, and writing $w(a)=w_0+(1-a) w_a$, the model provides a neat prediction for the equation of state parameters of dark energy, $w_0\simeq -1.042$ and $w_a\simeq -0.020$. We show that, because of some freedom in the definition of $\Box^{-1}$, one can extend the construction so to define a more general family of non-local models. However, in a first approximation this turns out to be equivalent to adding an explicit cosmological constant term on top of the dynamical dark energy component. This leads to an extended model with two parameters, $Ω_Λ$ and $m$. Even in this extension the EOS parameter $w_0$ is always on the phantom side, in the range $-1.33 < w_0\leq -1$, and there is a prediction for the relation between $w_0$ and $w_a$.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures; v2: cross-reference to 1311.3421 added
Tunable gigahertz dynamics of low-temperature skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet
Creators: name: Lee, Oscar
name: Sahliger, Jan
name: Aqeel, Aisha
name: Khan, Safe
name: Seki, Shinichiro
name: Kurebayashi, Hidekazu
name: Back, Christian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been shown that the chiral magnetic insulator Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ hosts skyrmions in two separated pockets in temperature and magnetic field phase space. It has also been shown that the predominant stabilization mechanism for the low-temperature skyrmion (LTS) phase is via the crystalline anisotropy, opposed to temperature fluctuations that stabilize the well-established high-temperature skyrmion (HTS) phase. Here, we report on a detailed study of LTS generation by field cycling, probed by GHz spin dynamics in Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$. LTSs are populated via a field cycling protocol with the static magnetic field applied parallel to the $\langle{100}\rangle$ crystalline direction of plate and cuboid-shaped bulk crystals. By analyzing temperature-dependent broadband spectroscopy data, clear evidence of low-temperature skyrmion excitations with clockwise (CW), counterclockwise (CCW), and breathing mode (BR) character at temperatures below $T$ = 40 K are shown. We find that the mode intensities can be tuned with the number of field-cycles below the saturation field. By tracking the resonance frequencies, we are able to map out the field-cycle-generated LTS phase diagram, from which we conclude that the LTS phase is distinctly separated from the high-temperature counterpart. We also study the mode hybridization between the dark CW and the BR modes as a function of temperature. By using two Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ crystals with different shapes and therefore different demagnetization factors, together with numerical calculations, we unambiguously show that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy plays a central role for the mode hybridization.
description: 29 pages; main text: pages 1-29 with 7 figures, supplementary materials: pages 23-29 with 3 figures
Additional file 1 of A comparative study of sonographic and clinical parameters in patient with upper trapezius muscle trigger point following dry needling and intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized control trial
Creators: name: Hadizadeh, Monavar
name: Rahimi, Abbas
name: Velayati, Meysam
name: Javaherian, Mohammad
name: Naderi, Farokh
name: Keshtkar, Abbasali
name: Dommerholt, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Multistability, intermittency and hybrid transitions in social contagion models on hypergraphs
Creators: name: de Arruda, Guilherme Ferraz
name: Petri, Giovanni
name: Rodriguez, Pablo Martín
name: Moreno, Yamir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although ubiquitous, interactions of groups of individuals (e.g., modern messaging applications, group meetings, or even a parliament discussion) are not yet thoroughly studied. Frequently, single-groups are modeled as critical-mass dynamics, which is a widespread concept used not only by academics but also by politicians and the media. However, less explored questions are how a collection of groups will behave and how the intersection between these groups might change the global dynamics. Here, we formulate this process in terms of binary state dynamics on hypergraphs. We showed that our model has a very rich and unexpected behavior that goes beyond discontinuous transitions. In particular, we might have multistability and intermittency as a consequence of bimodal state distributions. By using artificial random models, we demonstrated that this phenomenology could be associated with community structures. Specifically, we might have multistability or intermittency by controlling the number of bridges between two communities with different densities. The introduction of bridges destroys multistability but creates an intermittent behavior. Furthermore, we provide an analytical formulation showing that the observed pattern for the order parameter and susceptibility are compatible with hybrid phase transitions. Our findings open new paths for research, ranging from physics, on the formal calculation of quantities of interest, to social sciences, where new experiments can be designed.
Additional file 1 of Implementing service transformation for children and adolescents with eating disorders across England: the theory, politics, and pragmatics of large-scale service reform
Creators: name: Eisler, Ivan
name: Simic, Mima
name: Fonagy, Peter
name: Bryant-Waugh, Rachel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Outline programme of National Whole Team training.
Mechanisms for production of hypernuclei beyond the neutron and proton drip lines
Creators: name: Buyukcizmeci, N.
name: Botvina, A. S.
name: Pochodzalla, J.
name: Bleicher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze hypernuclei coming from fragmentation and multifragmentation of spectator residues obtained in relativistic ion collisions. These hypernuclei have a broad distribution in masses and isospin. They reach beyond the neutron and proton drip lines, and they are expected to be stable with respect to neutron and proton emission. This gives us the opportunity to investigate the properties of exotic hypernuclei, as well as the properties of normal nuclei beyond the drip lines, which can be produced after weak decay of such hypernuclei.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. C
The first Frontier Fields cluster: 4.5μm excess in a z~8 galaxy candidate in Abell 2744
Creators: name: Laporte, N.
name: Streblyanska, A.
name: Clement, B.
name: Perez-Fournon, I.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Atek, H.
name: Boone, F.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Egami, E.
name: Martinez-Navajas, P.
name: Marques-Chaves, R.
name: Pello, R.
name: Richard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this letter the first analysis of a z~8 galaxy candidate found in the Hubble and Spitzer imaging data of Abell 2744, as part of the Hubble Frontier Fields legacy program. We applied the most commonly-used methods to select exceptionally high-z galaxies by combining non-detection and color-criteria using seven HST bands. We used GALFIT on IRAC images for fitting and subtracting contamination of bright nearby sources. The physical properties have been inferred from SED-fitting using templates with and without nebular emission. This letter is focussed on the brightest candidate we found (m$_{F160W}$=26.2) over the 4.9 arcmin$^2$ field of view covered by the WFC3. It shows a non-detection in the ACS bands and at 3.6μm whereas it is clearly detected at 4.5μm with rather similar depths. This break in the IRAC data could be explained by strong [OIII]+Hβ lines at z~8 which contribute to the 4.5μm photometry. The best photo-z is found at z~8.0$^{+0.2}_{-0.5}$, although solutions at low-redshift (z~1.9) cannot be completely excluded, but they are strongly disfavoured by the SED-fitting work. The amplification factor is relatively small at μ=1.49$\pm$0.02. The Star Formation Rate in this object is ranging from 8 to 60 Mo/yr, the stellar mass is in the order of M$_{\star}$=(2.5-10) x 10$^{9}$Mo and the size is r~0.35$\pm$0.15 kpc. This object is one of the first z~8 LBG candidates showing a clear break between 3.6μm and 4.5μm which is consistent with the IRAC properties of the first spectroscopically confirmed galaxy at a similar redshift. Due to its brightness, the redshift of this object could potentially be confirmed by near infrared spectroscopy with current 8-10m telescopes. The nature of this candidate will be revealed in the coming months with the arrival of new ACS and Spitzer data, increasing the depth at optical and near-IR wavelengths.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters
Einige Überlegungen zur nötigen Abschaffung des Zwangszölibates aus humanitären Gründen
Creators: name: Helmreich, Karl
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 7 Nr. 1 (2000): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 7, Heft 1
title: Selbstvertrauen; [1848]
title: Ich bin Mann's genug um mich vertheidigen zu können!! (Allgemeines Gelächter.)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Verlag von I. B. Simon in Frankfurt in Frankfurt a/M.
Performance of Low-Quality Concrete as Recycled Aggregate
Creators: name: Chang, Hubert
name: Morgan, Ryan C.
name: Aziz, Umed
name: Herfellner, Simon
name: Ho, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Concrete--Recycling
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Sustainable construction
subject: Concrete--Curing
subject: Buildings--Repair and reconstruction
subject: Aggregates (Building materials)--Recycling
subject: Sustainability
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Our project seeks to greatly reduce the energy required for concrete production by using mostly recycled concrete. The use of recycled concrete
aggregate (RCA) is not a new phenomenon, but has not been studied in the context of low-cost disaster reconstruction efforts, which was our focus—specifically, the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. In our experiments, we sought to replicate the variability in concrete quality that is often found on poorly supervised construction sites. Construction companies in developing nations often add water to cement, which decreases the concrete’s final structural strength. Thus, our experiment produced several samples of concrete with a high water to concrete ratios, which we then crushed and turned into RCA to produce new concrete. We tested both our initial concrete samples and the final concrete products for compression and tensile strengths. From our data, we were able to conclude that RCA is a reasonable low-cost aggregate in the production of concrete structures. Our experimental results suggest that some of the downsides of low quality RCA can be offset by high water absorption in the process of making new concrete. Finally, we discuss possible implementations of our findings and suggest avenues of future research.
Additional file 1 of Morphine-induced changes in the function of microglia and macrophages after acute spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Terminel, Mabel N.
name: Bassil, Carla
name: Rau, Josephina
name: Trevino, Amanda
name: Ruiz, Cristina
name: Alaniz, Robert
name: Hook, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Quantification of % live cells in heterogenous mixture of disassociated cells collected from the site of injury across treatment groups using two different live/dead staining methods 1) Countess (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and 2) FlowJo analysis of Zombie NI R (live/dead stain) used in flow cytometry protocol.
A collective blueprint, not a crystal ball: How expectations and participation shape long-term energy scenarios
Creators: name: Göke, Leonard
name: Weibezahn, Jens
name: von Hirschhausen, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The development of energy systems is not a technocratic process but equally shaped by societal and cultural forces. Key instruments in this process are model-based scenarios describing a future energy system. Applying the concept of fictional expectations from social economics, we show how energy scenarios are tools to channel political, economic, and academic efforts into a common direction. To impact decision-making, scenarios do not have to be accurate -- but credible and evoke coherent expectations in diverse stakeholders. To gain credibility, authors of scenarios engage with stakeholders and appeal to the authority of institutions or quantitative methods. From these insights on energy scenarios, we draw consequences for developing and applying planning models, the quantitative tool energy scenarios build on. Planning models should be open and accessible to facilitate stakeholder participation, avoid needlessly complex methods to minimize expert bias and aim for a large scope to be policy relevant. Rather than trying to simulate social preferences and convictions within engineering models, scenario development should pursue broad and active participation of all stakeholders, including citizens.
Wege aus der E[he-] und F[amilie]-Rhetorik
Creators: name: Raden, Lutz Van
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 7 Nr. 1 (2000): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 7, Heft 1
Nucleation of domain walls by $Z_2$ symmetry breaking transition in $p_x+ip_y$ superconductors
Creators: name: Vadimov, Vasily
name: Silaev, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that time reversal symmetry breaking $p_x+ip_y$ wave superconductors undergo several phase transitions subjected to external magnetic field or supercurrent. In such system the discrete $Z_2$ symmetry can recover before the complete destruction of the order parameter. The topological defects associated with $Z_2$ symmetry - domain walls can be created in a controllable way by magnetic field or current sweep according to the Kibble-Zurek scenario. Such domain wall generation can take place in exotic superconductors like $Sr_2RuO_4$ and some heavy fermion compounds.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Theories with higher-order time derivatives and the Ostrogradsky ghost
Creators: name: Svanberg, Eleonora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newtons second law, Schrodingers equation and Maxwells equations are all theories composed of at most second-time derivatives. Indeed, it is not often we need to take the time derivative of the acceleration. So why are we not seeing more higher-order derivative theories? Although several studies present higher derivatives usefulness in quadratic gravity and scalar-field theories, one will eventually encounter a problem. In 1850, the physicist Mikhail Ostrogradsky presented a theorem that stated that a non-degenerate Lagrangian composed of finite higher-order time derivatives results in a Hamiltonian unbounded from below. Explicitly, it was shown that the Hamiltonian of such a system includes linearity in physical momenta, often referred to as the Ostrogradsky ghost. This thesis studies how one can avoid the Ostrogradsky ghost by considering degenerate Lagrangians to put constraints on the momenta. The study begins by showing the existence of the ghost and later cover the essential Hamiltonian formalism needed to conduct Hamiltonian constraint analyses of second-order time derivative systems, both single-variable and systems coupled to a regular one. Ultimately, the degenerate second-order Lagrangians successfully eliminate the Ostrogradsky ghost by generating secondary constraints restricting the physical momenta. Moreover, an outline of a Hamiltonian analysis of a general higher-order Lagrangian is presented at the end.
description: 24 pages
Clustering redshifts with the 21cm-galaxy cross-bispectrum
Creators: name: Guandalin, Caroline
name: Carucci, Isabella P.
name: Alonso, David
name: Moodley, Kavilan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-correlation between 21-cm intensity mapping experiments and photometric surveys of galaxies (or any other cosmological tracer with a broad radial kernel) is severely degraded by the loss of long-wavelength radial modes due to Galactic foreground contamination. Higher-order correlators are able to restore some of these modes due to the non-linear coupling between them and the local small-scale clustering induced by gravitational collapse. We explore the possibility of recovering information from the bispectrum between a photometric galaxy sample and an intensity mapping experiment, in the context of the clustering-redshifts technique. We demonstrate that the bispectrum is able to calibrate the redshift distribution of the photometric sample to the required accuracy of future experiments such as the Rubin Observatory, using future single-dish and interferometric 21-cm observations, in situations where the two-point function is not able to do so due to foreground contamination. We also show how this calibration is affected by the photometric redshift width $σ_{z,0}$ and maximum scale $k_{\mathrm{max}}$. We find that it is important to reach scales $k \gtrsim 0.3\,h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, with the constraints saturating at around $k\sim 1\,h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for next-generation experiments.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Outer disc edge: properties of low frequency aperiodic variability in ultracompact interacting binaries
Creators: name: Veresvarska, M.
name: Scaringi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flickering, and more specifically aperiodic broad-band variability, is an important phenomenon used in understanding the geometry and dynamics of accretion flows. Although the inner regions of accretion flows are known to generate variability on relatively fast timescales, the broad-band variability generated in the outer regions have mostly remained elusive due to their long intrinsic variability timescales. Ultra-compact AM CVn systems are relatively small when compared to other accreting binaries and are well suited to search and characterise low frequency variability. Here we present the first low frequency power spectral analysis of the ultracompact accreting white dwarf system SDSS J1908$+$3940. The analysis reveals a low frequency break at $\sim 6.8 \times 10^{-7} $ Hz in the time-averaged power spectrum as well as a second higher frequency component with characteristic frequency of $\sim 1.3 \times 10^{-4} $ Hz. We associate both components to the viscous timescales within the disc through empirical fits to the power spectrum as well as analytical fits using the fluctuating accretion disk model. Our results show that the low frequency break can be associated to the disk outer regions of a geometrically thin accretion flow. The detection of the low frequency break in SDSS J1908$+$3940 provides a precedent for further detection of similar features in other ultracompact accreting systems. More importantly, it provides a new observable that can help constrain simulations of accretion flows.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Generalized Relativistic Wave Equations with Intrinsic Maximum Momentum
Creators: name: Ching, Chee Leong
name: Ng, Wei Khim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the nonperturbative effect of maximum momentum on the relativistic wave equations. In momentum representation, we obtain the exact eigen-energies and wavefunctions of one-dimensional Klein-Gordon and Dirac equation with linear confining potentials, and the Dirac oscillator. Bound state solutions are only possible when the strength of scalar potential are stronger than vector potential. The energy spectrum of the systems studied are bounded from above, whereby classical characteristics are observed in the uncertainties of position and momentum operators. Also, there is a truncation in the maximum number of bound states that is allowed. Some of these quantum-gravitational features may have future applications.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Morphine-induced changes in the function of microglia and macrophages after acute spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Terminel, Mabel N.
name: Bassil, Carla
name: Rau, Josephina
name: Trevino, Amanda
name: Ruiz, Cristina
name: Alaniz, Robert
name: Hook, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Quantification of microglia and macrophages in CD206 set using flow cytometry. The contusion injury significantly increases the number of CD11b total positive cells (A), percentage of CD11 b positive cells (B), total number of macrophages (C), and total number of microglia (D) at the site of injury relative to a sham surgery. After 3 days of morphine administration, contused animals also had a significantly higher total number of CD11b positive cells (A), percentage of CD11b positive cells (B), total number of macrophages (C), and total number of microglia (D) compared with vehicle SCI controls. There was no significant effect of treatment with 1 or 7 days of morphine administration. Results shown as Mean S.E.M. *p < 0.05, n = 5–6.
Paulus - "angefüllt mit aller Ungerechtigkeit"
Creators: name: Hüttinger, Martin
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 7 Nr. 1 (2000): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 7, Heft 1
Additional file 3 of Morphine-induced changes in the function of microglia and macrophages after acute spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Terminel, Mabel N.
name: Bassil, Carla
name: Rau, Josephina
name: Trevino, Amanda
name: Ruiz, Cristina
name: Alaniz, Robert
name: Hook, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Western blot full gel image for protein extracted from animals that received 1 day of drug administration.
Tunneling of Obliquely-Incident Waves through PT-Symmetric Epsilon-Near-Zero Bi-Layers
Creators: name: Savoia, Silvio
name: Castaldi, Giuseppe
name: Galdi, Vincenzo
name: Alu', Andrea
name: Engheta, Nader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that obliquely-incident, transversely-magnetic-polarized plane waves can be totally transmitted (with zero reflection) through epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) bi-layers characterized by balanced loss and gain with parity-time (PT) symmetry. This tunneling phenomenon is mediated by the excitation of a surface-wave localized at the interface separating the loss and gain regions. We determine the parameter configurations for which the phenomenon may occur and, in particular, the relationship between the incidence direction and the electrical thickness. We show that, below a critical threshold of gain and loss, there always exists a tunneling angle which, for moderately thick (wavelength-sized) structures, approaches a critical value dictated by the surface-wave phase-matching condition. We also investigate the unidirectional character of the tunneling phenomenon, as well as the possible onset of spontaneous symmetry breaking, typical of PT-symmetric systems. Our results constitute an interesting example of a PT-symmetry-induced tunneling phenomenon, and may open up intriguing venues in the applications of ENZ materials featuring loss and gain.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures (minor revisions in the text and figures)
Additional file 4 of Morphine-induced changes in the function of microglia and macrophages after acute spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Terminel, Mabel N.
name: Bassil, Carla
name: Rau, Josephina
name: Trevino, Amanda
name: Ruiz, Cristina
name: Alaniz, Robert
name: Hook, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Western blot full gel image for protein extracted from animals that received 7 days of drug administration.
The Process Hygiene Index (PHI) in Meat Processing
Creators: name: AgResearch MIRINZ
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences

description: This Bulletin gives an overview of how the Process Hygiene Index (PHI), an application of predictive microbiology, can be used to improve confidence in the safety of meat.
Finding Approximate Pythagorean Triples (and Applications to LEGO Robot Building)
Creators: name: Greenberg, Ronald I.
name: Fahrenbacher, Matthew
name: Thiruvathukal, George K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Engineering education

description: This assignment combines programming and data analysis to determine good combinations of side lengths that approximately satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem for right triangles. This can be a standalone exercise using a wide variety of programming languages, but the results are useful for determining good ways to assemble LEGO pieces in robot construction, so the exercise can serve to integrate three different units of the Exploring Computer Science high school curriculum [3]: "Programming", "Computing and Data Analysis", and "Robotics". Sample assignment handouts are provided for both Scratch and Java programmers. Ideas for several variants of the assignment are also provided.
Arithmetic duality for two-dimensional local rings with perfect residue field
Creators: name: Suzuki, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11G45, Secondary: 14F20, 19F05, 11S25

description: We give a refinement of Saito's arithmetic duality for two-dimensional local rings by giving algebraic group structures for arithmetic cohomology groups.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. No changes in the text from v3. 108 pages
A comparative study of the timing and the spectral properties during two recent outbursts (2010 & 2011) of H 1743-322
Creators: name: Debnath, Dipak
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip. K.
name: Nandi, Anuj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic black hole candidate (BHC) H~1743-322 recently exhibited two outbursts in X-rays in August 2010 & April 2011. The nature (outburst profile, evolution of quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency and spectral states, etc.) of these two successive outbursts, which continued for around two months each, are very similar. We present the results obtained from a comparative study on the temporal and the spectral properties of the source during these two outbursts. The evolutions of QPOs observed in both the outbursts were well fitted with propagating oscillatory shock (POS) model. During both the outbursts, the observed spectral states (i.e, hard, hard-intermediate, soft-intermediate and soft) follow the `standard' type of hysteresis-loop, which could be explained with two component advective flow (TCAF) model.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann (MG13) Conference Proceeding
Bibliotecas Públicas: Inclusão e Acessibilidade
Creators: name: Cassimiro, Mariana Vittória Dos Santos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ciencia da informação
bibliotecas publicas
inclusão
acessibilidade

description: Atualmente tem sido cada vez mais desafiador a inclusão e acessbiliddae em bibliotecas, neste documentos irei retratar um pouco desse desafio remetente aos usuários com limitação e, também as dificuldades enfrentadas durante a pandemia do covid-19.
Agricultural Budgetary Allocation and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria
Creators: name: Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen
name: Zakari, Abdulsalam
name: Rekwot, Grace Zibah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agriculture--Economic aspects
Budget
Agriculture and state
Fiscal policy
Government spending policy--Economic aspects
Economic development
Agriculture
Commerce

description: This paper was designed to investigate the linkage of Agricultural budgetary allocation and economic growth in Nigeria from an econometric perspective. The results of the analysis showed that in the long run, the relationship between agricultural budgetary allocation and economic growth in Nigeria is positive but not significant and in the short run, the relationship is positive and significant only for two years lagged value of agricultural budgetary allocation. This observed relationship is not unconnected to the low budgetary allocations to agriculture over the years in Nigeria. This implies that there is the need for a significant increase in allocations to agriculture in order to ensure that the agricultural sector plays a pivotal role in the national transformation agenda of Nigeria.
Additional file 1 of The impact of a single HIIT intervention on the mobilization of NK cells and ILCs in adolescents and young adults (AYA) undergoing cancer treatment: an interventional controlled trial
Creators: name: Deppe, Isabella
name: Beller, Ronja
name: Kiehl, Fabian
name: Lazzari, Nico De
name: Bennstein, Sabrina B.
name: Reinhardt, Dirk
name: Dirksen, Uta
name: Götte, Miriam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
Safe and Robust Observer-Controller Synthesis using Control Barrier Functions
Creators: name: Agrawal, Devansh R.
name: Panagou, Dimitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses the synthesis of safety-critical controllers using estimate feedback. We propose an observer-controller interconnection to ensure that the nonlinear system remains safe despite bounded disturbances on the system dynamics and measurements that correspond to partial state information. The co-design of observers and controllers is critical, since even in undisturbed cases, observers and controllers designed independently may not render the system safe. We propose two approaches to synthesize observer-controller interconnections. The first approach utilizes Input-to-State Stable observers, and the second uses Bounded Error observers. Using these stability and boundedness properties of the observation error, we construct novel Control Barrier Functions that impose inequality constraints on the control inputs which, when satisfied, certifies safety. We propose quadratic program-based controllers to satisfy these constraints, and prove Lipschitz continuity of the derived controllers. Simulations and experiments on a quadrotor demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted at LCSS, CDC 2023
Her Hands: Images of Craftswomen in Uganda, Bolivia and India
Creators: name: Shealy, Shaina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Handicraft
Women--Employment
Employee empowerment
Women's studies
Commerce

description: Throughout the world, women employ their craft skills to contribute to their economies and gain financial independence. This photo essay exhibits craftswomen in Bolivia, Uganda and India, and reflects on the economic and social benefits they reap as a consequence of the art they produce. The featured photos examine art production by women as a catalyst of economic development, women's social and financial empowerment and independence, and positive social change within economically lesser-developed communities.
X-ray observation of ULAS J1120+0641, the most distant quasar at z=7.08
Creators: name: Moretti, A.
name: Ballo, L.
name: Braito, V.
name: Caccianiga, A.
name: Della Ceca, R.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Severgnini, P.
name: Vignali, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim at probing the emission mechanism of the accreting super massive black holes in the high redshift Universe. We study the X-ray spectrum of ULAS1120+0641, the highest redshift quasar detected so far at z=7.085, which has been deeply observed (340 ks) by XMM-Newton. Despite the long integration time the spectral analysis is limited by the poor statistics, with only 150 source counts being detected. We measured the spectrum in the 2-80 keV rest-frame (0.3-10 keV observed) energy band. Assuming a simple power law model we find a photon index of 2.0+/-0.3 and a luminosity of 6.7+/-0.3 10^44 erg/s in the 2-10 keV band, while the intrinsic absorbing column can be only loosely constrained (NH< 1E23 cm^-2). Combining our data with published data we calculate that the X-ray-to-optical spectral index alpha_OX is1.8+/-0.1, in agreement with the alpha_OX-UV luminosity correlation valid for lower redshift quasars. We expanded to high energies the coverage of the spectral energy distribution of ULAS1120+0641. This is the second time that a z >6 quasar has been investigated through a deep X-ray observation. In agreement with previous studies of z~6 AGN samples, we do not find any hint of evolution in the broadband energy distribution. Indeed from our dataset ULAS 1120+0641 is indistinguishable from the population of optically bright quasar at lower redshift.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, A&A in press; updated with the accepted version
Additional file 1 of How, when and where? A systematic review on abortion decision making in legally restricted settings in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean
Creators: name: Hinson, Laura
name: Bhatti, Anam M.
name: Sebany, Meroji
name: Bell, Suzanne O.
name: Steinhaus, Mara
name: Twose, Claire
name: Izugbara, Chimaraoke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Additional file 1. Search terms.
1ter Jud: nu! wie tragt der Mann sou schwär? 2ter Jud: S'nit sou arig worum er tragt uf bade Achsle! bey mei lang Lebe ich hab ka Kinesinne druf!; [1848]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Gedruckt bei C. Knatz in Frankfurt a/m.