cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Materials from Natural variation in developmental condition has limited effect on spatial cognition in a wild food-caching bird
Creators: name: Sonnenberg, Benjamin R.
name: Heinen, Virginia K.
name: Pitera, Angela M.
name: Benedict, Lauren M.
name: Branch, Carrie L.
name: Bridge, Eli S.
name: Ouyang, Jenny
name: Pravosudov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Laboratory studies show that increased physiological burden during development results in cognitive impairment. In the wild, animals experience a wide range of developmental conditions, and it is critical to understand how variation in such conditions affects cognitive abilities later in life, especially in species that strongly depend on such abilities for survival. We tested whether variation in developmental condition is associated with differences in spatial cognitive abilities in wild food-caching mountain chickadees. Using tail feathers grown during development in juvenile birds, we measured feather corticosterone (Cortf) levels and growth rates and tested these birds during their first winter on two spatial learning tasks. In only 1 of the 3 years, higher feather Cortf was negatively associated with memory acquisition. No significant associations between feather Cortf and any other measurement of spatial cognition were detected in the other 2 years of the study or between feather growth rate and any measurement of cognition during the entire study. Our results suggest that in the wild, naturally existing variation in developmental condition has only a limited effect on spatial cognitive abilities, at least in a food-caching species. This suggests that there may be compensatory mechanisms to buffer specialized cognitive abilities against developmental perturbations.
Persistent Shutdown Innovations for the Post-Pandemic Landscape
Creators: name: Guillaumet, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: downturn, covid-19, innovation, pandemic, academic, research, universities, consortium

description: Amid the downturn, SIGMA, a non-profit consortium of 14 universities in Spain, is finding opportunities for 'shutdown innovations' to persist as the organization pivots to support academics and research in the post-pandemic landscape. We'll hear how they created new roles to adapt to emerging needs and launched an internal training program that allows staff to train one another and increase knowledge within the organization, among others. 
A bubble size distribution model for the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Doussot, Aristide
name: Semelin, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bubble size distribution is a summary statistics that can be computed from the observed 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. As it depends only on the ionization field and is not limited to gaussian information, it is an interesting probe, complementary to the power spectrum of the full 21-cm signal. Devising a flexible and reliable theoretical model for the bubble size distribution paves the way for using it for astrophysical parameters inference. The proposed model is built from the excursion set theory and a functional relation between the bubble volume and the collapsed mass in the bubble. Unlike previous models it accommodates any functional relation or distributions. Using parameterized relations allows us to test the predictive power of the model by performing a minimization best-fit to the bubble size distribution obtained from a high resolution, fully coupled radiative hydrodynamics simulations, HIRRAH-21. Our model is able to provide a better fit to the numerical bubble size distribution at ionization fraction of $x_{\text{H}_{\text{II}}} \sim 1\%$ and $3\%$ than other existing models. Moreover, the bubble volume to collapsed mass relation corresponding to the best-fit parameters, which is not an observable, is compared to numerical simulation data. A good match is obtained, confirming the possibility to infer this relation from an observed bubble size distribution using our model. Finally we present a simple algorithm that empirically implements the process of percolation. We show that it extends the usability of our bubble size distribution model up to $x_{\text{H}_{\text{II}}} \sim 30\%$.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
AI-generated answer specific feedback for test-enhanced learning with multiple-choice questions
Creators: name: Wedenig, Hans Hellfried
name: Sporn, Fabrice
name: Franz, Anne
name: Kaminski, Julius Josef
name: Holzhausen, Ylva
name: Peters, Harm
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Background
 Self-regulated Test-enhanced Learning (TEL) with Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) is important for knowledge transfer in medical education. Elaborated feedback is an elementary source of information for TEL. Different types of feedback can be used, such as a hint regarding the correctness supplemented with an explanatory solution (complemented verification - cv), highlighting why the options are right or wrong (comparative answer orientation - ca) or an explanation of the metacognitive strategies for problem solving (conceptual contextualization - cc).

 Summary Of Work
 At Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the automation of feedback for multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was investigated. Sixty exam-relevant MCQs of were selected from the TELLme question pool that medical students can use for TEL. Each MCQ was given to ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot based on GPT as a question (Q:) including answer options as well as the correct selection as the answer (A:), then text generation in the feedback forms cv, ca and cc was commissioned ("Explain why answer x is correct/incorrect!"). The results were compared to those of the authors and evaluated qualitatively.

 Summary Of Results
 The evaluation of the 60 MCQs according to the school grading system yielded an overall good result. The accuracy of the comments was generally good (2/5), the linguistic clarity was relatively high on average (3/5), and the ability to make connections and provide background information was good for shorter feedback forms CV and CA (2/5) and very good for longer CC-feedback (1/5). The weak point for longer texts was the tendency for a less accurate comment.

 Discussion And Conclusion
 The results of the investigation indicate that a long-form question answering (LFQA) system is partially capable of generating usable texts for feedbacks, without needing to access domain-specific knowledge, though conflicting comments and assertions may also arise. Further studies with domain-specific knowledge elements are suggested to optimize the generation of feedback templates. Self-directed learning could increase both the individualization of feedbacks and the self-generation of practice and comprehension questions.

 Take Home Messages
 An off-the-shelf ChatBot can be used to generate usable elaborated feedback for self-regulated test-enhanced learning with MCQs, with overall good results, though further research with domain-specific knowledge is needed to optimize such generations.
Planning and implementation of programmatic assessment for postgraduates in General Medicine, perception of the students.
Creators: name: Neetha Kundoor
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Background
 Medical Postgraduate assessments in India are learned to be more subjective and needed to be planned well to achieve the tasks of quality learning with good clinical skills and understanding. Curtained disadvantages are noted like limited sampling and not implementing Workplace based assessments (WPBA). The present study is taken up to introduce programmatic assessments by using both work placed based and Nonwork placed based assessment (NWPBA) patterns.

 Summary of Work
 The consensus from the faculty of General Medicine, had sensitized the need for programmatic assessment and was taken up after obtaining approval from the research committee. Purpose and scope was defined. The clinical program of three year was divided into 4 month block. The number of WPBA’s to be conducted for each block has been defined. Defined Learning Outcomes, Competency framework was developed , selected appropriate tools for WPBA & NWPBA’s The curriculum has been divided into various components: Common competencies, System specific, procedural, and Emergency presentations. Appropriate tools of assessments (WPBA & NWPBA) were selected for the competencies and various clinical presentations. The perception of the Postgraduates was obtained after 6 months of implementation by using feedback questionnaire (reliability-0.93)
 Summary of Results
 Framed the assessment tools for WPBA and NWPBA with the pre-defined competencies. The main focus of the study was on formative assessments, followed by immediate feedback. Few students expressed their reluctance in using the WPBAs. All the students had opined that programmatic assessment is useful to enhance their learning. Extensive training for both faculty and student is required for the efficient execution of the program.
 Discussion and Conclusion
 Multiple low-stakes formative assessments are essential to driving effective learning, further reflecting on their learning, and helping in final decision-making. The implementation of WPBA in the wards, Out Patient Departments (OPDs), and Critical care requires extensive training of all the stakeholders. Special emphasis should be made on effective feedback and user-friendly assessment forms which may help in successful implementation.
 Take Home Messages
 Programmatic assessment should be made an integral part of Postgraduate training to obtain the quality outcome.
Fast and Flexible ADMM Algorithms for Trend Filtering
Creators: name: Ramdas, Aaditya
name: Tibshirani, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a fast and robust algorithm for trend filtering, a recently developed nonparametric regression tool. It has been shown that, for estimating functions whose derivatives are of bounded variation, trend filtering achieves the minimax optimal error rate, while other popular methods like smoothing splines and kernels do not. Standing in the way of a more widespread practical adoption, however, is a lack of scalable and numerically stable algorithms for fitting trend filtering estimates. This paper presents a highly efficient, specialized ADMM routine for trend filtering. Our algorithm is competitive with the specialized interior point methods that are currently in use, and yet is far more numerically robust. Furthermore, the proposed ADMM implementation is very simple, and importantly, it is flexible enough to extend to many interesting related problems, such as sparse trend filtering and isotonic trend filtering. Software for our method is freely available, in both the C and R languages.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures; published in Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 2015
Single spin Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry of Zeeman-split states with strong spin-orbit interaction in a double quantum dot
Creators: name: Khomitsky, D. V.
name: Studenikin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single spin state evolution induced by the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana (LZSM) interference in a Zeeman-spit four level system in a periodically driven double quantum dot is studied theoretically by the Floquet stroboscopic method. An interplay between spin-conserving and spin-flip tunneling processes with the Electric Dipole Spin Resonance (EDSR) that is induced in an individual dot and enhanced by the LZSM multiple level crossings with the neighboring quantum dot is investigated as a function of the microwave (MW) frequency, driving amplitude, interdot detuning, and magnetic field. A number of special points in the parameter space are identified, out of which where all the three features are merged. Under this triple-crossing resonance condition the interdot tunneling is combined with a fast spin evolution in each dot at the EDSR frequency. Harmonics of the EDSR are revealed in the spin-dependent tunneling maps versus variable magnetic field and MW frequency. The results are applicable for both electron and hole systems with strong spin-orbit interaction and may be useful for developing new time-efficient schemes of the spin control and readout in qubit devices.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, published version
GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT). IV. Accretion properties of the Taurus-Auriga young association
Creators: name: Gangi, M.
name: Antoniucci, S.
name: Biazzo, K.
name: Frasca, A.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Alcalà, J. M.
name: Giannini, T.
name: Manara, C. F.
name: Giunta, A.
name: Harutyunyan, A.
name: Munari, U.
name: Vitali, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the GIARPS@TNG High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT) project, we study the accretion properties of 37 Classical T Tauri Stars of the Taurus-Auriga star forming region (SFR) with the aim of characterizing their relation with the properties of the central star, of jets and disk winds, and of the global disk structure, in synergy with complementary ALMA millimiter observations. We derive stellar parameters, optical veiling, accretion luminosity ($\rm L_{acc}$) and mass accretion rate ($\rm \dot M_{acc}$) in a homogeneous and self-consistent way using high-resolution spectra acquired at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo with the HARPS-N and GIANO spectrographs, and flux-calibrated based on contemporaneous low-resolution spectroscopic and photometric ancillary observations. The $\rm L_{acc}$-$\rm L_{\star}$, $\rm \dot{M}_{acc}$-$\rm M_{\star}$ and $\rm \dot{M}_{acc}$-$\rm M_{disk}$ relationships of the Taurus sample are provided and compared with those of the coeval SFRs of Lupus and Chamaeleon I. Our results demonstrate the potential of contemporaneous optical and near-infrared high-resolution spectroscopy to simultaneously provide precise measurements of stellar and accretion/wind properties of young stars.
description: 30 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
Dynamic Transition From Mach to Regular Reflection Over a Moving Wedge
Creators: name: Margha, Lubna
name: Hamada, Ahmed A.
name: Eltaweel, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of supersonic and hypersonic air-breathing vehicles is influenced by the transition between the Mach Reflection (MR) and Regular Reflection (RR) phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic transition of unsteady supersonic flow from MR to RR over a two-dimensional wedge numerically. The trailing edge of the wedge moves downstream along the $x$-direction with a velocity, $V(t)$ at a free-stream Mach number of $3$. An unsteady compressible inviscid flow solver is used to simulate the phenomenon. Further, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique is applied to deform the mesh during the wedge motion. The dynamic transition from MR to RR is defined by two criteria, the sonic and the Von-Neumann. Moreover, the lag in the dynamic transition from the steady-state condition is studied using various reduced frequencies, $κ$, in the range of [0.1-2]. The lag effect in the shock system is remarkable at the high values of the reduced frequency, $κ=1.5$ and $2.0$. Furthermore, because the shock is bent upstream during the fast motion of the wedge, the transition from MR to RR happens below the Dual Solution Domain (DSD).
description: 7 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of the ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, ASME, https://doi.org/10.1115/FEDSM2022-87754
Questionário de Avaliação dos cursos à distância com tutoria
Creators: name: Diniz, Adriana Valéria Santos
name: Pereira, Maria Aparecida Nunes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CECAMPE
Questionário
Avaliação

description: Avaliar se constitui uma prática pedagógica inerente à gestão de projetos e programas. Avaliar no campo da Educação é uma estratégia que conduz a processos de reflexão-açãoreflexão, ou seja, a uma prática educativa capaz de olhar para ação a partir de uma perspectiva teórica e repensar práticas e renovar ação sob a Luz da teoria. Para tanto, o Planejamento é o instrumento do processo avaliativo, que se inicia com a previsibilidade da ação, que precisa ser revisitada quanto ao alcance dos objetivos e metas.
Bayesian evidence comparison for distance scale estimates
Creators: name: Paranjape, Aseem
name: Sheth, Ravi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraints on cosmological parameters are often distilled from sky surveys by fitting templates to summary statistics of the data that are motivated by a fiducial cosmological model. However, recent work has shown how to estimate the distance scale using templates that are more generic: the basis functions used are not explicitly tied to any one cosmological model. We describe a Bayesian framework for (i) determining how many basis functions to use and (ii) comparing one basis set with another. Our formulation provides intuition into how (a) one's degree of belief in different basis sets, (b) the fact that the choice of priors depends on basis set, and (c) the data set itself, together determine the derived constraints. We illustrate our framework using measurements in simulated datasets before applying it to real data.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor clarifications, fixed some typos, accepted in MNRAS
LaplacianFusion: Detailed 3D Clothed-Human Body Reconstruction
Creators: name: Kim, Hyomin
name: Nam, Hyeonseo
name: Kim, Jungeon
name: Park, Jaesik
name: Lee, Seungyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose LaplacianFusion, a novel approach that reconstructs detailed and controllable 3D clothed-human body shapes from an input depth or 3D point cloud sequence. The key idea of our approach is to use Laplacian coordinates, well-known differential coordinates that have been used for mesh editing, for representing the local structures contained in the input scans, instead of implicit 3D functions or vertex displacements used previously. Our approach reconstructs a controllable base mesh using SMPL, and learns a surface function that predicts Laplacian coordinates representing surface details on the base mesh. For a given pose, we first build and subdivide a base mesh, which is a deformed SMPL template, and then estimate Laplacian coordinates for the mesh vertices using the surface function. The final reconstruction for the pose is obtained by integrating the estimated Laplacian coordinates as a whole. Experimental results show that our approach based on Laplacian coordinates successfully reconstructs more visually pleasing shape details than previous methods. The approach also enables various surface detail manipulations, such as detail transfer and enhancement.
Of chain-based order and quantum spin liquids in dipolar spin ice
Creators: name: McClarty, Paul
name: Sikora, Olga
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Penc, Karlo
name: Pollmann, Frank
name: Shannon, Nic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on the spin-ice material Dy2Ti2O7 suggest that the Pauling "ice entropy", characteristic of its classical Coulombic spin-liquid state, may be lost at low temperatures [D. Pomaranski et al., Nature Phys. 9, 353 (2013)]. However, despite nearly two decades of intensive study, the nature of the equilibrium ground state of spin ice remains uncertain. Here we explore how long-range dipolar interactions D, short-range exchange interactions, and quantum fluctuations combine to determine the ground state of dipolar spin ice. We identify a new organisational principle, namely that ordered ground states are selected from a set of "chain states" in which dipolar interactions are exponentially screened. Using both quantum and classical Monte Carlo simulation, we establish phase diagrams as a function of quantum tunneling g, and temperature T, and find that only a very small g_c << D is needed to stabilize a quantum spin-liquid ground state. We discuss the implications of these results for Dy2Ti2O7.
description: 24 pages
Theory of intermolecular exchange in coupled spin-1/2 nanographenes
Creators: name: Jacob, David
name: Fernández-Rossier, Joaquín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open-shell nanographenes can be covalently bonded and still preserve their local moments, forming interacting spins lattices. In the case of benzenoid nanographenes, the Ovchinnikov-Lieb rules anticipate the spin of the ground state of the superstructure, and thereby the sign of the intermolecular exchange. Here we address the underlying microscopic mechanisms for intermolecular exchange in this type of system. We find that, in general, three different mechanisms contribute. First, Hund's ferromagnetic exchange that promotes ferromagnetic interactions of electrons in overlapping orbitals. Second, superexchange driven by intermolecular hybridization, identical to Anderson kinetic exchange, which is a decreasing function of the Hubbard-$U$ energy scale, and is always antiferromagnetic. Third, a Coulomb-driven superexchange, that increases as a function of $U$, and involves virtual excitation of excited molecular orbitals that are extended over the entire structure. We find that Coulomb-driven superexchange can be either ferro or antiferromagnetic, accounting for Ovchinnikov-Lieb rules. We compute these exchange energies for the case of coupled $S=1/2$ phenalenyl triangulenes, using multi-configurational methods both with Hubbard and extended Hubbard models, thereby addressing the influence of long-range Coulomb interactions on the exchange interactions.
description: 14 pages; 10 figures
The SPAN512 mid-latitude pulsar survey at the Nançay Radio Telescope
Creators: name: Desvignes, Gregory
name: Cognard, Ismael
name: Smith, David A.
name: Champion, David
name: Guillemot, Lucas
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Lespagnol, Patrice
name: Octau, Franck
name: Theureau, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large number of ongoing surveys for pulsars and transients at various radio observatories is motivated by the science obtained from these sources. Timing and polarisation analysis of relativistic binaries can place strong constraints on theories of gravity. The observation of a growing number of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) spread over the celestial sphere may allow the detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background arising from supermassive black hole binaries. A more complete sample of young pulsars improves our knowledge of neutron star birth and evolution. Transients such as fast radio bursts can serve to probe the intergalactic medium. The SPAN512 pulsar survey covers intermediate Galactic latitudes using the L-band receiver of the Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT). The survey covers 224 sq. deg. of the sky for a total exposure time of 2200 h. Population syntheses predict the discovery of 3 to 19 new normal pulsars and a few MSPs. We present detailed modelling of the NRT beam with its L-band receiver and its sensitivity which we used to precisely assess the expected survey yield. We used the flexible Pulsar Arecibo L-band Feed Array data processing pipeline to search the 47 TB of SPAN512 data for pulsars and transients. The SPAN512 survey discovered two new MSPs and one new middle-aged pulsar. We focus on the analysis of the 2.4-ms spin period pulsar J2205+6012 for which we also report the detection of gamma-ray pulsations. Its narrow pulse width (35 $μ$s at an observing frequency of 2.55 GHz) allows for sub-microsecond timing precision over 8 years, with exciting prospects for pulsar timing array programs.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted in A&A
Using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis to assess climate variability for the European wind industry
Creators: name: Bett, Philip E.
name: Thornton, Hazel E.
name: Clark, Robin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterise the long-term variability of European near-surface wind speeds using 142 years of data from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), and consider the potential of such long-baseline climate data sets for wind energy applications. The low resolution of the 20CR would severely restrict its use on its own for wind farm site-screening. We therefore perform a simple statistical calibration to link it to the higher-resolution ERA-Interim data set (ERAI), such that the adjusted 20CR data has the same wind speed distribution at each location as ERAI during their common period. Using this corrected 20CR data set, wind speeds and variability are characterised in terms of the long-term mean, standard deviation, and corresponding trends. Many regions of interest show extremely weak trends on century timescales, but contain large multidecadal variability. Since reanalyses such as ERAI are often used to provide the background climatology for wind farm site assessments, but contain only a few decades of data, our results can be used as a way of incorporating decadal-scale wind climate variability into such studies, allowing investment risks for wind farms to be reduced.
description: 18 pages, plus 4 page supplementary information included here as Appendix D. This is the authors' corrected version, matching the content of the version accepted by Theoretical and Applied Climatology
Measurements of charm lifetimes at Belle II
Creators: name: Nisar, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on absolute lifetime measurements of charmed hadrons using the data collected by the Belle II experiment between 2019 and 2021. The measured lifetimes of $D^0$, $D^+$, and $Λ_c^+$ are the most precise to date and consistent with previous measurements. Our result indicates that $Ω_c^0$ is not the shortest-living singly charmed baryon.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG. alpha-elements, lithium, sodium and aluminum in 16 open clusters
Creators: name: Zhang, R.
name: Lucatello, S.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Alonso-Santiago, J.
name: Andreuzzi, G.
name: Casali, G.
name: Carrera, R.
name: Carretta, E.
name: Orazi, V. D
name: Frasca, A.
name: Fu, X.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Minchev, I.
name: Origlia, L.
name: Spina, L.
name: Vallenari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring the Galactic chemical evolution and enrichment scenarios with open clusters allows us to understand the history of the Milky Way disk. High-resolution spectra of OCs are a crucial tool, as they provide precise chemical information, to combine with precise distances and ages. The aim of the Stellar Population Astrophysics project is to derive homogeneous and accurate comprehensive chemical characterization of a number of poorly studied OCs.Using the HARPS-N echelle spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we obtained high-resolution spectra of giant stars in 18 OCs, 16 of which are chemically characterized for the first time, and two of which are well studied for comparison. The OCs in this sample have ages from a few tens of Myr to 4 Gyr, with a prevalence of young clusters. We already presented the radial velocities and atmospheric parameters for them in a previous SPA paper. Here, we present results for the alpha-elements O, and the light elements, all determined by the equivalent width method. We also measured Li abundance through the synthesis method.We discuss the behaviors of lithium, sodium and aluminum in the context of stellar evolution. We study the radial, vertical, and age trends for the measured abundance ratios in a sample that combines our results and recent literature for OCs, finding significant gradients only for [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] in all cases. Finally,we compare O and Mg in the combined sample with chemo-dynamical models, finding a good agreement for intermediate-age and old clusters. There is a sharp increase in the abundance ratios measured among very young clusters, accompanied by a poorer fit with the models for O and Mg, likely related to the inadequacy of traditional model atmospheres and methods in the derivation of atmospheric parameters and abundance ratios for stars of such young ages
Facilitate interactions with devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) with context-awareness
Creators: name: Hua, Jie
name: 0000-0003-2901-3510
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Context-awareness
Human-device interaction
Internet of Things
Smart space

description: With the recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more smart devices are entering our everyday life. From light to door, these devices are usually capable of wireless communication and can be remotely controlled. However, most consumer device providers require installation of a separate app on a smartphone or tablet to best control the devices. This incurs a significant time and learning cost for the users. In this dissertation, I propose to use context-awareness to address the problem of how to help end-users discover, connect to and control IoT devices in more intuitive and efficient manners by utilizing low power neighborhood discovery, augmented reality, and machine learning algorithms. This dissertation details the technical solutions to the following challenges: • To identify, access and control individual IoT devices intuitively, I propose a mobile augmented reality system, ArcIoT. In ArcIoT, the user points a smartphone camera towards a device to control, chooses the device by a tap on the screen, and interacts with the displayed interface. • To provide seamless and personalized automation in human-device interaction, I propose rIoT, a system that leverages existing technologies to operate across heterogeneous devices and networks to provide a one-stop solution for device interaction. • Handling conflicts between users is a key enabler of multi-resident smart space. I propose a context-aware conflict prediction framework to facilitate multi-user interactions in smart spaces. Collectively, with these works, we demonstrate the feasibility of mitigating users’ time and learning costs of interacting with IoT devices by utilizing context. Our solutions explore the potentials for a unified system to manage interactions between IoT devices and end-users adaptively and smartly in various situations.
BETAKROR SANʼATKOR
Creators: name: Xabibullaeva, Mavluda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mazkur maqolada O'zbek xalqining sevimli san'atkori Komiljon Otaniyozov ijodi haqida ijodiy va tahliliy munozaralar yuritilgan.
Using Realistic MHD Simulations for Modeling and Interpretation of Quiet-Sun Observations with the Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager
Creators: name: Kitiashvili, Irina N.
name: Couvidat, Sebastien
name: Lagg, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar atmosphere is extremely dynamic, and many important phenomena develop on small scales that are unresolved in observations with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). For correct calibration and interpretation of the observations, it is very important to investigate the effects of small-scale structures and dynamics on the HMI observables, such as Doppler shift, continuum intensity, spectral line depth, and width. We use 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of the upper turbulent convective layer and the atmosphere of the Sun, and a spectro-polarimetric radiative transfer code to study observational characteristics of the Fe I 6173A line observed by HMI in quiet-Sun regions. We use the modeling results to investigate the sensitivity of the line Doppler shift to plasma velocity, and also sensitivities of the line parameters to plasma temperature and density, and determine effective line formation heights for observations of solar regions located at different distances from the disc center. These estimates are important for the interpretation of helioseismology measurements. In addition, we consider various center-to-limb effects, such as convective blue-shift, variations of helioseismic travel-times, and the 'concave' Sun effect, and show that the simulations can qualitatively reproduce the observed phenomena, indicating that these effects are related to a complex interaction of the solar dynamics and radiative transfer.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The role of money in local American politics
Creators: name: Humphrey, Colby Scott
name: 0000-0002-1892-4928
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Campaign finance
Money
Citizens United
Independent expenditures
Local politics

description: Issues related to money in American politics have long received widespread national attention, particularly among those fearing the outsized role of political spending on elections. Campaign finance regulations have evolved as a patchwork of legislation and court precedent speaking to these concerns, with substantial variation in scope and enforcement across the states. Regrettably, research is lacking in municipal contests, where the risk of undue influence through campaign contributions and spending could be of more pressing concern given four inter-related factors: 1. Low voter knowledge about candidates, 2. the substantial (and increasing) amounts of money spent on elections, 3. the proximity local elected officials have to their constituents and donors, and 4. the varying, often lacking, degree of transparency in the campaign finance regimes in place. This project examines the role of money in municipal elections, as well as the impact of campaign finance regulations and reforms on election dynamics. I test the proposition that less restrictive campaign finance regulations will lead to more overall candidate spending, resulting in increased turnout. These spending and turnout theories will be juxtaposed with Citizens United-fueled fears of independent expenditures crowding out candidate spending. I present a modified hydraulics theory of campaign finance for local elections and argue that as the price of making independent expenditures is reduced relative to campaign contributions, then money should be observed moving to this more efficient option. While previous work emphasizes the futility of campaign finance restraints, I point to the opposite in the case of independent expenditures in that Citizens United expanded how money could be spent in elections, causing a change in the relative price of political participation through campaign spending via independent expenditures. I will explore the proposition of whether the critics of the Citizens United decision are correct in that spending is shifting towards independent expenditures, fueled by corporate and union spending, and away from candidates in local elections. Last, if Citizens United has damaged American democracy at the local level, one pathway through which this will be found is in lower turnout levels brought about by increases in independent expenditures.
Constant-Modulus Waveform Design for Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems in the Presence of Clutter
Creators: name: Wu, Wenjun
name: Tang, Bo
name: Wang, Xuyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We investigate the constant-modulus (CM) waveform design for dual-function radar communication systems in the presence of clutter.To minimize the interference power and enhance the target acquisition performance, we use the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio as the design metric.In addition, to ensure the quality of the service for each communication user, we enforce a constraint on the synthesis error of every communication signals.An iterative algorithm, which is based on cyclic optimization, Dinkinbach's transform, and alternating direction of method of multipliers, is proposed to tackle the encountered non-convex optimization problem.Simulations illustrate that the CM waveforms synthesized by the proposed algorithm allow to suppress the clutter efficiently and control the synthesis error of communication signals to a low level.
Measurements and Modeling of Arctic Atmospheric Processes During the Norwegian Young Sea Ice Field Campaign
Creators: name: Murphy, Sarah Yvette
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: atmospheric
subject: climate
subject: radiation
subject: sea ice
subject: Arctic
subject: Clouds
subject: Environmental Engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: The Arctic is warming more quickly than other regions, resulting in modifications to the surface energy budget. The Norwegian Young Sea Ice (N-ICE) field campaign took place in January through June 2015, monitoring key components of the surface energy budget. This was the first field campaign to take observations of the surface energy budget during the seasonal transition from winter to spring/summer since the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) field campaign in 1997 through 1998. These observations are valuable not only due to the amount of time that has passed since the SHEBA field experiment but also because N-ICE took place on younger, thinner sea ice, and in a different part of the Arctic. This study uses data from the N-ICE experiment to recommend improvements to the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The goals of this study are: 1) compare atmospheric measurements to models, 2) investigate model cloud microphysics and boundary layer parameterizations within WRF, 3) determine what cloud properties were observed during N-ICE, 4) investigate the effects of turbulent fluxes and clouds on young sea ice, and 5) make recommendations for improving the Polar WRF model. The Polar WRF model results show that there were issues in calculating both the turbulent and radiative fluxes over first-year sea ice. The cloud conditions during N-ICE varied, and mixed-phase clouds (a mixture of water and ice) were seen throughout the entire experiment. The model, however, did not accurately simulate the radiative impacts of these clouds. To determine if the calculations of sensible and latent heat flux can be accurately estimated given the correct cloud conditions, a study was conducted comparing turbulent fluxes from the Maximum Entropy Production method and the bulk flux algorithm (based on Monin-Obukhov theory and the technique used to estimate fluxes within WRF). Sensible heat flux was accurately estimated, but all equations overestimated the amount of latent heat flux. When compared to an idealized (offline) version of the WRF model using the measured radiative fluxes as input, the WRF model estimates the turbulent fluxes well, indicating that the model is using an appropriate version of the flux equations and that most of the error within the model can be attributed to bias in the cloud properties.
Macella : permanent market buildings in Roman Italy from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE
Creators: name: Hansard, Leah Marie
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Roman architecture
Market buildings
Macellum
Macella
Roman economy

description: A Roman macellum was a place of daily interaction for many people of varied economic status, citizenship, age, gender, and social role. Defined architecturally by an enclosure with shops on some or all sides, a central open court, and often a tholos, it is conventionally characterized as a luxury meat and fish market. While at least thirty-seven macella operated in Roman Italy—and perhaps as many as three at once in Rome—scholars have generally assessed macella as a type or as single buildings isolated from their surroundings, though each structure played a distinct role in its local and regional economy and social, religious, and political cultures. My study focuses on thirteen macella in the modern state of Italy dating from the third century BCE to the third century CE. I select case studies for which there are sufficient literary and architectural remains to reconstruct building plans and occupational history, and my narrow geographical focus allows for micro- and regional-scale analysis. Investigating the built spaces in which the daily economic activity of Roman cities took place, I examine the macellum themselves and also broader questions about how commerce shaped and was shaped by the environment in which it was enacted.
Precise measurements of $D$ meson lifetimes
Creators: name: Nisar, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the result of $D^0$ and $D^+$ lifetime measurement using $D^0\to K^-π^+$ and $D^+\to K^-π^+π^+$ decays reconstructed using $72~{\rm fb^{-1}}$ of data collected by the Belle II experiment at SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The results, $τ(D^0)=410.5\pm1.1({\rm stat})\pm0.8({\rm syst})~{\rm fs}$ and $τ(D^+)=1030.4\pm4.7({\rm stat})\pm 3.1({\rm syst})~{\rm fs}$, are the most precise to date and are consistent with previous measurements.
Zero energy states clustering in an elemental nanowire coupled to a superconductor
Creators: name: Contamin, L. C.
name: Jarjat, L.
name: Legrand, W.
name: Cottet, A.
name: Kontos, T.
name: Delbecq, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoelectronic hybrid devices combining superconductors and a one-dimensional nanowire are promising platforms to realize topological superconductivity and its resulting exotic excitations. The bulk of experimental studies in this context are transport measurements where conductance peaks allow to perform a spectroscopy of the low lying electronic states and potentially to identify signatures of the aforementioned excitations. The complexity of the experimental landscape calls for a benchmark in an elemental situation. The present work tackles such a task using an ultra-clean carbon nanotube circuit. Specifically, we show that the combination of magnetic field, weak disorder and superconductivity can lead to states clustering at low energy, as predicted by the random matrix theory predictions. Such a phenomenology is very general and should apply to most platforms trying to realize topological superconductivity in 1D systems, thus calling for alternative probes to reveal it.
description: main text (8 pages, 5 figures); supplementary material (7 pages, 6 figures)
Open bottom mesons in hot asymmetric hadronic medium
Creators: name: Pathak, Divakar
name: Mishra, Amruta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-medium masses and optical potentials of $B$ and ${\bar B}$ mesons are studied in an isospin asymmetric, strange, hot and dense hadronic environment using a chiral effective model. The chiral $SU(3)$ model originally designed for the light quark sector, is generalized to include the heavy quark sector ($c$ and $b$) to derive the interactions of the $B$ and ${\bar B}$ mesons with the light hadrons. Due to large mass of bottom quark, we use only the empirical form of these interactions for the desired purpose, while treating the bottom degrees of freedom to be frozen in the medium. Hence, all medium effects are due to the in-medium interaction of the light quark content of these open-bottom mesons. Both $B$ and $\bar B$ mesons are found to experience net attractive interactions in the medium, leading to lowering of their masses in the medium. The mass degeneracy of particles and antiparticles, ($B^+$, $B^-$) as well as ($B^0$, $\bar {B^0}$), is observed to be broken in the medium, due to equal and opposite contributions from a vectorial Weinberg-Tomozawa interaction term. Addition of hyperons to the medium lowers further the in-medium mass for each of these four mesons, while a non-zero isospin asymmetry is observed to break the approximate mass degeneracy of each pair of isospin doublets. These medium effects are found to be strongly density dependent, and bear a considerably weaker temperature dependence. The results obtained in the present investigation are compared to predictions from the quark-meson coupling model, heavy meson effective theory, and the QCD Sum Rule approach.
description: 38 pages,11 figures,major revision,published in Phys.Rev.C
Positive Effects of Neuro Soundwave to Improve Sleep Quality
Creators: name: Juel Hoi, Tang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Sleep is an important and integral part of our life. We spend about 1/3 of our life sleeping. It is as essential as having sufficient food and water to sustain our body. With the rapid increase of high technology gadgets around us, our brains are being subjected to high levels of stimulation and increasingly more difficult to get into a restful state. Research efforts into non-pharmacological solutions to improve sleep quality led to the development of Neuro Soundwave. 
The focus of research was to develop a Soundwave pattern with specific frequencies and amplitudes that could bring the stressful and restless mind to a calm and relaxed state. Neuro Soundwave also induces micro-oscillations around pineal gland region to promote production of melatonin that could lead to drowsiness and sleepiness of the participants.
A clinical trial of 100 participants conducted over a period of one month provided positive results to participants facing sleep disorders. It also helped to prolong the duration of deep sleep (delta state) that aids the production of human growth hormone (HGH) for cell repairs and immune system build-up. The results also showed an improvement in prolonging the REM cycle that could improve the participants' memory.