cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On MultiAspect Graphs
Creators: name: Wehmuth, Klaus
name: Fleury, Éric
name: Ziviani, Artur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Different graph generalizations have been recently used in an ad-hoc manner to represent multilayer networks, i.e. systems formed by distinct layers where each layer can be seen as a network. Similar constructions have also been used to represent time-varying networks. We introduce the concept of MultiAspect Graph (MAG) as a graph generalization that we prove to be isomorphic to a directed graph, and also capable of representing all previous generalizations. In our proposal, the set of vertices, layers, time instants, or any other independent features are considered as an aspect of the MAG. For instance, a MAG is able to represent multilayer or time-varying networks, while both concepts can also be combined to represent a multilayer time-varying network and even other higher-order networks. Since the MAG structure admits an arbitrary (finite) number of aspects, it hence introduces a powerful modelling abstraction for networked complex systems. This paper formalizes the concept of MAG and derives theoretical results useful in the analysis of complex networked systems modelled using the proposed MAG abstraction. We also present an overview of the MAG applicability.
description: 24 pages, in press
Algebraic approach to the study of zero modes of Haldane pseudopotentials
Creators: name: Chen, Li
name: Seidel, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider lattice Hamiltonians that arise from putting Haldane pseudopotentials into a second quantized or "guiding-center-only" form. These are fascinating examples for frustration free lattice Hamiltonians. This is so since even though their highest density zero energy ground states, the Laughlin states, are known to have matrix-product structure (with unbounded bond dimension), the frustration free character of these lattice Hamiltonians seems obscure, {\em unless} one goes back to the original first quantized picture of analytic lowest Landau level wave functions. This step involves putting back additional degrees of freedom associated with dynamical momenta, and one wonders whether the addition of these degrees of freedom is truly necessary to recognize the frustration free character of the underlying lattice Hamiltonian. Fundamentally, these degrees of freedom have nothing to do with spectrum of a "guiding-center-only" Hamiltonian. Moreover, such constructions are unfamiliar and not available in the study of simpler (finite range) frustration free lattice Hamiltonians with matrix product ground states (of finite bond dimension). That the zero mode properties of "lattice versions" of pseudopotentials can be understood from a polynomial-free, intrinsically lattice point of view is also suggested by the fact that these pseudopotentials are constructed from an algebra of reasonably simply looking operators. Here we show that zero mode properties, and hence the frustration free character, of these lattice Hamitlonians can be understood as a consequence of algebraic structures that these operators are part of. We believe that our results will deepen insights into parent Hamiltonians of matrix product states with infinite bond dimensions, as could be of use, especially, in the study of fractional Chern insulators.
description: 10 pages
Renyi's Parking Problem Revisited
Creators: name: Clay, Matthew P.
name: Simanyi, Nandor J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60D05

description: Rényi's parking problem (or $1D$ sequential interval packing problem) dates back to 1958, when Rényi studied the following random process: Consider an interval $I$ of length $x$, and sequentially and randomly pack disjoint unit intervals in $I$ until the remaining space prevents placing any new segment. The expected value of the measure of the covered part of $I$ is $M(x)$, so that the ratio $M(x)/x$ is the expected filling density of the random process. Following recent work by Gargano {\it et al.} \cite{GWML(2005)}, we studied the discretized version of the above process by considering the packing of the $1D$ discrete lattice interval $\{1,2,...,n+2k-1\}$ with disjoint blocks of $(k+1)$ integers but, as opposed to the mentioned \cite{GWML(2005)} result, our exclusion process is symmetric, hence more natural. Furthermore, we were able to obtain useful recursion formulas for the expected number of $r$-gaps ($0\le r\le k$) between neighboring blocks. We also provided very fast converging series and extensive computer simulations for these expected numbers, so that the limiting filling density of the long line segment (as $n\to \infty$) is Rényi's famous parking constant, $0.7475979203...$.
description: Final version; to appear in Proceedeings of "Probability and Dynamics at IM-UFRJ", 13 pages, 6 figures
Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle 20.1 Is Required for Normal Meiotic Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Segregation
Creators: name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Zhang, Liangsheng
name: Ma, Hong
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cell division requires proper spindle assembly; a surveillance pathway, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), monitors whether the spindle is normal and correctly attached to kinetochores. The SAC proteins regulate mitotic chromosome segregation by affecting CDC20 (Cell Division Cycle 20) function. However, it is unclear whether CDC20 regulates meiotic spindle assembly and proper homolog segregation. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CDC20.1 gene is indispensable for meiosis and male fertility. We demonstrate that cdc20.1 meiotic chromosomes align asynchronously and segregate unequally and the metaphase I spindle has aberrant morphology. Comparison of the distribution of meiotic stages at different time points between the wild type and cdc20.1 reveals a delay of meiotic progression from diakinesis to anaphase I. Furthermore, cdc20.1 meiocytes exhibit an abnormal distribution of a histone H3 phosphorylation mark mediated by the Aurora kinase, providing evidence that CDC20.1 regulates Aurora localization for meiotic chromosome segregation. Further evidence that CDC20.1 and Aurora are functionally related was provided by meiosis-specific knockdown of At-Aurora1 expression, resulting in meiotic chromosome segregation defects similar to those of cdc20.1. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for CDC20.1 in SAC-dependent meiotic chromosome segregation.
COVID-19, Quality of Governance and Institutional Corruption
Creators: name: Passas, Nikos
Publisher: name: Urban Crime. An international Journal
Year: 2022

description: Corruption causes some crises, but others are inevitable. However, the effects of all of them are made far worse by corruption. Social problems and inequalities are thus exacerbated, justice and rule of law are undermined, and all of this increases social turmoil and security risks. Systemic corruption, fraud and mismanagement result in a lack of crisis preparedness for the prevention of certain crises or mitigation of unavoidable disasters. When natural disasters inevitably strike or other emergencies arise, inadequate preparedness or responses result in government distrust and legitimacy crises, which aggravate problems and cause further victimization. This paper analyzes the COVID-19 crisis through the analytical lenses of “lawful but awful” practices and of "institutional corruption". In this way, it emphasizes the need to pay attention to negative consequences some political, economic or other activities have on society, even though they are allowed by the law or promoted by governments. This form of analysis can guide debates on public policy and reform: if something is not right, we need to fix it.
description: Urban Crime. An international Journal, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022)
Crime, fear of crime and insecurity during the pandemic: The Greek reality
Creators: name: Zarafonitou, Christina
name: Kontopoulou, Eleni
name: Anitsi, Elli
name: Kalamaras, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: Urban Crime. An international Journal
Year: 2022

description: The Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in the beginning of 2020 has been a massive health crisis causing tremendous consequences in all sectors of everyday human life. In this context, it is assumed that such a health crisis along with the imposition of the various restrictive measures to reduce the spread of the virus, have had a profound impact on crime and fear of crime worldwide. In the framework of the present analysis, we investigate such an impact on crime and insecurity in Greece during the year 2020 and the first quarter of the year 2021. According to the research data there was a shift in crime interest and a simultaneous reduction in overall crime as well as in specific categories of crime during the implementation of the two lockdowns in the first year of the pandemic. Indeed, in some crime categories, such as crimes against property and economic crimes, the reduction exceeded approximately 30%. In contrast, in terms of cybercrime, there has been an increase since the implementation of the first lockdown. As far as the first quarter of the year 2021 is concerned, a slight increase in crime rates was recorded from March onwards when the restrictive measures loosened. Regarding fear of crime, our analysis has shown that during the first year of the pandemic the prevailing preoccupations and worries of the Greek citizens have centered upon their personal financial situation and on their daily life, as well as on the fear of infection and the spread of the pandemic. As is evidenced the uncertainty that was caused by the pandemic and the consequent measures has led the Greek citizens in a state of limbo were fear and insecurities linked to survival prevailed, while concerns about crime have moved to the background. However, from 2020 to 2021 a transition from survival-related fear to quality-of-life-related fear is observed. The aforementioned shifts in crime and fear of crime could be related to the restructuring of criminal opportunities as a consequence of the imposed restrictions to everyday mobility and the displacement of crime from the public space to the private setting. Such a displacement led to a noticeable reduction in exposure to risks and threats related to crime in the public sphere. In addition, in terms of fear of crime and insecurity, it is expected that during such a serious health crisis the focus of attention shifts from fear of crime and concerns about crime to other concerns arising from a general fear of survival.
description: Urban Crime. An international Journal, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022)
Retromer Contributes to Immunity-Associated Cell Death in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Hofius, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Membrane trafficking is required during plant immune responses, but its contribution to the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with effector-triggered immunity, is not well understood. HR is induced by nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors and can involve vacuole-mediated processes, including autophagy. We previously isolated lazarus (laz) suppressors of autoimmunity-triggered PCD in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant accelerated cell death11 (acd11) and demonstrated that the cell death phenotype is due to ectopic activation of the LAZ5 NB-LRR. We report here that laz4 is mutated in one of three VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING35 (VPS35) genes. We verify that LAZ4/VPS35B is part of the retromer complex, which functions in endosomal protein sorting and vacuolar trafficking. We show that VPS35B acts in an endosomal trafficking pathway and plays a role in LAZ5-dependent acd11 cell death. Furthermore, we find that VPS35 homologs contribute to certain forms of NB-LRR protein-mediated autoimmunity as well as pathogen-triggered HR. Finally, we demonstrate that retromer deficiency causes defects in late endocytic/lytic compartments and impairs autophagy-associated vacuolar processes. Our findings indicate important roles of retromer-mediated trafficking during the HR; these may include endosomal sorting of immune components and targeting of vacuolar cargo.
Compressive Periodogram Reconstruction Using Uniform Binning
Creators: name: Ariananda, Dyonisius Dony
name: Romero, Daniel
name: Leus, Geert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, two problems that show great similarities are examined. The first problem is the reconstruction of the angular-domain periodogram from spatial-domain signals received at different time indices. The second one is the reconstruction of the frequency-domain periodogram from time-domain signals received at different wireless sensors. We split the entire angular or frequency band into uniform bins. The bin size is set such that the received spectra at two frequencies or angles, whose distance is equal to or larger than the size of a bin, are uncorrelated. These problems in the two different domains lead to a similar circulant structure in the so-called coset correlation matrix. This circulant structure allows for a strong compression and a simple least-squares reconstruction method. The latter is possible under the full column rank condition of the system matrix, which can be achieved by designing the spatial or temporal sampling patterns based on a circular sparse ruler. We analyze the statistical performance of the compressively reconstructed periodogram including bias and variance. We further consider the case when the bins are so small that the received spectra at two frequencies or angles, with a spacing between them larger than the size of the bin, can still be correlated. In this case, the resulting coset correlation matrix is generally not circulant and thus a special approach is required.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The Yin-Yang of Hormones: Cytokinin and Auxin Interactions in Plant Development
Creators: name: Schaller, G. Eric
name: Kieber, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin interact to regulate many plant growth and developmental processes. Elements involved in the biosynthesis, inactivation, transport, perception, and signaling of these hormones have been elucidated, revealing the variety of mechanisms by which signal output from these pathways can be regulated. Recent studies shed light on how these hormones interact with each other to promote and maintain plant growth and development. In this review, we focus on the interaction of auxin and cytokinin in several developmental contexts, including its role in regulating apical meristems, the patterning of the root, the development of the gynoecium and female gametophyte, and organogenesis and phyllotaxy in the shoot.
Regulation of ACS protein stability by cytokinin and brassinosteroid
Creators: name: Kieber, Joseph J.
name: Chae, Hyun Sook
name: Hansen, Maureen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A major question in plant biology is how phytohormone pathways interact. Here, we explore the mechanism by which cytokinins and brassinosteroids affect ethylene biosynthesis. Ethylene biosynthesis is regulated in response to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous signals, including the levels of other phytohormones. Cytokinins act by increasing the stability of a subset of ACC synthases, which catalyze the generally rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis. The induction of ethylene by cytokinin requires the canonical cytokinin two-component response pathway, including histidine kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins and response regulators. The cytokinin-induced myc–ACS5 stabilization occurs rapidly (<60 min), consistent with a primary output of this two-component signaling pathway. We examined the mechanism by which another phytohormone, brassinosteroid, elevates ethylene biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings. Similar to cytokinin, brassinosteroid acts post-transcriptionally by increasing the stability of ACS5 protein, and its effects on ACS5 were additive with those of cytokinin. These data suggest that ACS is regulated by phytohormones through regulatory inputs that probably act together to continuously adjust ethylene biosynthesis in various tissues and in response to various environmental conditions.
Perfect Abelian dominance of quark confinement in SU(3) QCD
Creators: name: Sakumichi, Naoyuki
name: Suganuma, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Abelian projection of quark confinement in SU(3) quenched lattice QCD, in terms of the dual superconductor picture. In the maximal Abelian gauge, we perform the Cartan decomposition of the non-Abelian gauge field on a $32^4$ lattice with spacing $a \simeq0.058, 0.10$ fm (i.e., $β=6.4, 6.0$), and investigate the interquark potential $V(r)$, the Abelian part $V_{\mathrm{Abel}}(r)$, and the off-diagonal part $V_{\mathrm{off}}(r)$. For the potential analysis, we use both on-axis data and several types of off-axis data, with larger numbers of gauge configurations. Remarkably, we find almost perfect Abelian dominance of the string tension (quark-confining force) on the large-volume lattice. Also, we find a simple but nontrivial relation of $V(r) \simeq V_{\mathrm{Abel}}(r) + V_{\mathrm{off}}(r)$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; published version
The BTB ubiquitin ligases ETO1, EOL1 and EOL2 act collectively to regulate ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by controlling type-2 ACC synthase levels
Creators: name: Kieber, Joseph J.
name: Binder, Brad M.
name: Hansen, Maureen
name: Vierstra, Richard D.
name: Gingerich, Derek J.
name: Christians, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Ethylene biosynthesis is directed by a family of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases (ACS) that convert S-adenosyl-l-methionine to the immediate precursor ACC. Members of the type-2 ACS subfamily are strongly regulated by proteolysis with various signals stabilizing the proteins to increase ethylene production. In Arabidopsis, this turnover is mediated by the ubiquitin/26 S proteasome system, using a broad complex/tramtrack/bric-a-brac (BTB) E3 assembled with the ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1) BTB protein for target recognition. Here, we show that two Arabidopsis BTB proteins closely related to ETO1, designated ETO1-like (EOL1) and EOL2, also negatively regulate ethylene synthesis via their ability to target ACSs for breakdown. Like ETO1, EOL1 interacts with type-2 ACSs (ACS4, ACS5 and ACS9), but not with type-1 or type-3 ACSs, or with type-2 ACS mutants that stabilize the corresponding proteins in planta. Whereas single and double mutants affecting EOL1 and EOL2 do not show an ethylene-related phenotype, they exaggerate the effects caused by inactivation of ETO1, and further increase ethylene production and the accumulation of ACS5 in eto1 plants. The triple eto1 eol1 eol2 mutant phenotype can be effectively rescued by the ACS inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and by silver, which antagonizes ethylene perception. Together with hypocotyl growth assays showing that the sensitivity and response kinetics to ethylene are normal, it appears that ethylene synthesis, but not signaling, is compromised in the triple mutant. Collectively, the data indicate that the Arabidopsis BTB E3s assembled with ETO1, EOL1 and EOL2 work together to negatively regulate ethylene synthesis by directing the degradation of type-2 ACS proteins.
title: Der österreichische Verlustrücktrag und das unionsrechtliche Beihilfeverbot
Creators: name: Tarita, Christoph
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der beihilferechtlichen Relevanz des österreichischen Verlustrücktrags, welcher im Rahmen des KonStG 2020 eingeführt wurde. Forschungsfrage der Arbeit ist, wie der österreichische Verlustrücktrag aus beihilferechtlicher Sicht einzustufen ist. Dabei werden mittels einer umfassenden Literatur- und Judikaturrecherche sämtliche Aspekte des Beihilferechts beleuchtet und in weiterer Folge in Zusammenhang mit dem gegenständlichen Verlustrücktrag gebracht. Das Ergebnis ist eine nicht von der Hand zu weisende, beihilferechtliche Relevanz des österreichischen Verlustrücktrags, welche sich durch die potenzielle Erfüllung der 4 Tatbestände sowie dadurch ergibt, dass keine der Ausnahmeregelungen iSd Art 107 Abs 2 und 3 AEUV Anwendung finden. Besonders relevant ist der Tatbestand der Selektivität, hier ist keine abschließende Antwort bezüglich der Erfüllung des Tatbestandes möglich. Die Arbeit zeigt jedoch auf, dass der österreichische Verlustrücktrag aufgrund seiner zeitlichen Befristung potenziell zeitlich selektiv ist und ein selektiver Vorteil vorliegt. Auch die Judikatur ließe einen solchen Schluss zu, er erscheint allerdings im Lichte der restlichen Aspekte des Beihilferechts als unwahrscheinlich. Am Ende der Arbeit werden zudem die Folgen einer Einstufung als rechtswidrige Beihilfe erläutert. Konkret würde es zu einer umfassenden Rückforderung sämtlicher Steuerrückzahlungen kommen, dies würde wiederum insbesondere kleine Unternehmen oder Unternehmen, welche wirtschaftlich ohnehin bereits angeschlagen sind, treffen.
Optical levitation of microdroplet containing a single quantum dot
Creators: name: Minowa, Yosuke
name: Kawai, Ryoichi
name: Ashida, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the optical levitation or trapping in helium gas of a single quantum dot (QD) within a liquid droplet. Bright single photon emission from the levitated QD in the droplet was observed for more than 200 s. The observed photon count rates are consistent with the value theoretically estimated from the two-photon-action cross section. This paper presents the realization of an optically levitated solid-state quantum emitter. This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-40-6-906. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
Ethyl cyanide on Titan: Spectroscopic detection and mapping using ALMA
Creators: name: Cordiner, M. A.
name: Palmer, M. Y.
name: Nixon, C. A.
name: Irwin, P. G. J.
name: Teanby, N. A.
name: Charnley, S. B.
name: Mumma, M. J.
name: Kisiel, Z.
name: Serigano, J.
name: Kuan, Y. -J.
name: Chuang, Y. -L.
name: Wang, K. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first spectroscopic detection of ethyl cyanide (C$_2$H$_5$CN) in Titan's atmosphere, obtained using spectrally and spatially resolved observations of multiple emission lines with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA). The presence of C$_2$H$_5$CN in Titan's ionosphere was previously inferred from Cassini ion mass spectrometry measurements of C$_2$H$_5$CNH$^+$. Here we report the detection of 27 rotational lines from C$_2$H$_5$CN (in 19 separate emission features detected at $>3σ$ confidence), in the frequency range 222-241 GHz. Simultaneous detections of multiple emission lines from HC$_3$N, CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$CCH were also obtained. In contrast to HC$_3$N, CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$CCH, which peak in Titan's northern (spring) hemisphere, the emission from C$_2$H$_5$CN is found to be concentrated in the southern (autumn) hemisphere, suggesting a distinctly different chemistry for this species, consistent with a relatively short chemical lifetime for C$_2$H$_5$CN. Radiative transfer models show that most of the C$_2$H$_5$CN is concentrated at altitudes 300-600 km, suggesting production predominantly in the mesosphere and above. Vertical column densities are found to be in the range (2-5)$\times10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$.
description: Published in 2015, ApJL, 800, L14
Ernst Wildi (1878-1933) an Louis Rollier (1859-1931)
Creators: name: Wildi, Ernst
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1914

description: Brief, verfasst im Feld, betreffend Stellvertretung an der Kantonsschule in Trogen.
Zusätzlich darauf vermerkt: Notiz zur Beantwortung am 30.8.1914 von Louis Rollier
Arabidopsis and the plant immune system
Creators: name: Nishimura, Marc T.
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of plant disease resistance is of central importance to sustainable agriculture and human health. Use of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has resulted in an explosion of information regarding both disease resistance and susceptibility to pathogens. The last 20 years of research have demonstrated the commonalities between Arabidopsis and crop species. In this review, commemorating the 10th anniversary of the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome, we will address some of the insights derived from the use of Arabidopsis as a model plant pathology system.
Can the differences in the determinations of $V_{ub}$ and $V_{cb}$ be explained by New Physics?
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Pokorski, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise determination of the CKM elements $V_{cb}$ and $V_{ub}$ is crucial for any new physics analysis in the flavour sector. Their values can be determined from several tree-level decays: $V_{cb}$ can be extracted from $B\to D\ellν$ and $B\to D^*\ellν$ while $V_{ub}$ can be obtained from $B\to π\ellν$, $B\to ρ\ellν$ and $B\toτν$. In addition, for both $V_{cb }$ and $V_{ub}$ an inclusive determination is available. There is a long lasting discrepancy between the inclusive and exclusive determinations which recently even increased for $V_{cb}$ above the $3\;σ$ level. In this article we study the possible effect of new physics on the inclusive and exclusive determination of $V_{cb}$ and $V_{ub}$ in a model independent way. We find that there is only one operator corresponding to a modified $W$ coupling which can achieve this. However, respecting $SU(2)$ gauge invariance at the high scale this would lead to very large violations of the $Z$ to $b\bar b$ coupling not compatible with experiment. Therefore, we conclude that a new physics explanation of the difference between the inclusive and exclusive determination of $V_{cb}$ and $V_{ub}$ is currently ruled out. Therefore, the discrepancies must be due underestimated uncertainties in the theoretical and/or the experimental analysis.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in PRL
Nonequilibrium, spatio-temporal formation of the Kondo screening-cloud on a lattice
Creators: name: Nuss, Martin
name: Ganahl, Martin
name: Arrigoni, Enrico
name: von der Linden, Wolfgang
name: Evertz, Hans Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonequilibrium formation of a spin screening cloud that accompanies the quenching of a local magnetic moment immersed in a Fermi sea at zero temperature. Based on high precision density matrix renormalization group results for the interacting single impurity Anderson model we discuss the real time evolution after a quantum quench in the impurity-reservoir hybridization using time evolving block decimation. We report emergent length and time scales in the spatiotemporal structure of non-local correlation functions in the spin- and the charge density channel. At equilibrium, our data for the correlation functions and the extracted length-scales show good agreement with existing results, as do local time dependent observables at the impurity. In the time-dependent data, we identify a major signal which defines a "light cone" moving at the Fermi velocity and a ferromagnetic component in its wake. Inside the light cone we find that the structure of the nonequilibrium correlation functions emerges on two time scales. Initially, the qualitative structure of the correlation functions develops rapidly at the lattice Fermi velocity. Subsequently the spin correlations converge to the equilibrium results on a much larger time scale. This process sets a dynamic energy scale, which we identify to be proportional to the Kondo temperature. Outside the light cone we observe two different power law decays of the correlation functions in space, with time and interaction strength independent exponents.
description: 14 pages / 10 figures + appendix 2 pages / 2 figures
The SERK1 receptor-like kinase regulates organ separation in Arabidopsis flowers
Creators: name: Healy, Patrick N.
name: Liljegren, Sarah J.
name: Leslie, Michelle E.
name: Fulcher, Emilee H.
name: Darnielle, Lalitree
name: Youn, Ji-Young
name: Lewis, Michael W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Through a sensitized screen for novel components of pathways regulating organ separation in Arabidopsis flowers, we have found that the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 (SERK1) acts as a negative regulator of abscission. Mutations in SERK1 dominantly rescue abscission in flowers without functional NEVERSHED (NEV), an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein required for floral organ shedding. We previously reported that the organization of the Golgi apparatus and location of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) are altered in nev mutant flowers. Disruption of SERK1 restores Golgi structure and the close association of the TGN in nev flowers, suggesting that defects in these organelles may be responsible for the block in abscission. We have also found that the abscission zones of nev serk1 flowers are enlarged compared to wild-type. A similar phenotype was previously observed in plants constitutively expressing a putative ligand required for organ separation, INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), suggesting that signaling through IDA and its proposed receptors, HAESA and HAESA-LIKE2, may be deregulated in nev serk1 abscission zone cells. Our studies indicate that in addition to its previously characterized roles in stamen development and brassinosteroid perception, SERK1 plays a unique role in modulating the loss of cell adhesion that occurs during organ abscission.
Contemporary nutritional transition: determinants of diet and its impact on body composition
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The world has experienced a marked shift in the global BMI distribution towards reduced undernutrition and increased obesity. The collision between human biology, shaped over the millennia and modern technology, globalization, government policies and food industry practices have worked to create far-reaching energy imbalance across the globe. A prime example is the clash between our drinking habits and our biology. The shift from water and breast milk as the only beverages available, to a vast array of caloric beverages was very rapid, shaped both by our tastes and aggressive marketing of the beverage industry. Our biology, shaped over millennia by daily consumption of water and seasonal availability of food, was not ready to compensate for the liquid energies. Other dietary changes were similarly significant, particularly the shift towards increased frequency of eating and larger portions. The roles of the food and beverage production, distribution and marketing sectors in not only shaping our diet but also accelerating these changes must be understood. Apart from the role of beverages, there is much less consensus about the role of various components of our diet in energy imbalance. Understanding the determinants of change in the key components of our diet through an array of research provides insights into some of the options we face in attempting to attain a great balance between energy intake and expenditures while creating an overall healthier dietary pattern. A few countries are systematically addressing the causes of poor dietary and physical activity patterns and high energy imbalance.
White Paper on Status of Stakeholder Engagement in Polar Research
Creators: name: Latola, Kirsi
name: Scheepstra, Annette
name: Pawlak, Jane
name: Saxinger, Gertrude
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Stakeholders
Arctic
Antarctic
Horizon 2020
Society
Indigenous peoople
Policy makers
business
governmental and non-governmental organizations

description: Polar stakeholders include both Arctic and Antarctic stakeholders.
 However, while including both, the White Paper focuses
 more on the Arctic, as it is inhabited, and hence higher on the
 European agenda. This white paper is targeted to support researchers and aims to
 serve as both as an eye-opener and as a tool for planning the
 next research projects and funding calls for funders. This White paper includes set of recommendations and way forward
 for achieving successful stakeholder engagement for including
 the society and its challenges into the research.
description: Visit us on: www.eu-polarnet.eu ; Follow us on Twitter: @EUPolarNet
Ring model for trapped condensates with synthetic spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Chen, Xing
name: Rabinovic, Michael
name: Anderson, Brandon M.
name: Santos, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective ring model in momentum space for trapped bosons with synthetic spin-orbit coupling. This effective model is characterized by a peculiar form of the inter particle interactions, which is crucially modified by the external confinement. The ring model allows for an intuitive understanding of the phase diagram of trapped condensates with isotropic spin-orbit coupling, and in particular for the existence of skyrmion lattice phases. The model, which may be generally applied for spinor condensates of arbitrary spin and spin-dependent interactions, is illustrated for the particular cases of spin-1/2 and spin-1 condensates.
Fermion Pairing and the Scalar Boson of the 2D Conformal Anomaly
Creators: name: Blaschke, Daniel N.
name: Carballo-Rubio, Raúl
name: Mottola, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phenomenon of fermion pairing into an effective boson associated with anomalies and the anomalous commutators of currents bilinear in the fermion fields. In two spacetime dimensions the chiral bosonization of the Schwinger model is determined by the axial current anomaly of massless Dirac fermions. A similar bosonized description applies to the 2D conformal trace anomaly of the fermion stress tensor. For both the chiral and conformal anomalies, correlation functions involving anomalous currents, $j^μ_5$ or $T^{μν}$ of massless fermions exhibit a massless boson $1/k^2$ pole, and the associated spectral functions obey a UV finite sum rule, becoming $δ$-functions in the massless limit. In both cases the corresponding effective action of the anomaly is non-local, but may be expressed in a local form by the introduction of a new bosonic field, which becomes a bona fide propagating quantum field in its own right. In both cases this is expressed in Fock space by the anomalous Schwinger commutators of currents becoming the canonical commutation relations of the corresponding boson. The boson has a Fock space operator realization as a coherent superposition of massless fermion pairs, which saturates the intermediate state sums in quantum correlation functions of fermion currents. The Casimir energy of fermions on a finite spatial interval $[0,L]$ can also be described as a coherent scalar condensation of pairs, and the one-loop correlation function of any number $n$ of fermion stress tensors $\langle TT\dots T\rangle$ may be expressed as a combinatoric sum of $n!/2$ linear tree diagrams of the scalar boson.
description: 58 pages, 8 figures; v2: minor revision, to appear in JHEP
VSM-box: the general-purpose curation interface as an open-source web-component
Creators: name: Vercruysse, Steven
name: Zobolas, John
name: Touré, Vasundra
name: Andersen, Maria K.
name: Kuiper, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: knowledge representation
biocuration
semantics
ontology
systems biology
user interface
interdisciplinary
RRI
VSM

description: For every new curation project, a new curation platform needs to be developed, and for every new requirement that then emerges, its interface and database need to be updated (or an ever-widening spreadsheet needs to be managed). To alleviate this, we developed a "universal curation method + interface" that enables scientists to easily capture any kind of information in computable form. VSM (Visual Syntax Method) allows scientists to formulate any knowledge in a simple-looking but powerful 'sentence'-like format, where all terms are linked to ontology identifiers. The syntax of how terms relate to each other is defined by a small set of intuitive rules and connectors, usable no matter how long or complex the sentence is. VSM also supports 'template' sentences in which users only need to fill out a number of terms+IDs, accessible via autocomplete; and any 'VSM-sentence' can still be extended without changes to the interface. This gives us an intuitive and flexible tool to capture semantically precise information on any topic, and with any amount of context details. – See https://vsm.github.io . In other words: VSM enables people to capture knowledge in a computable form, 'like they think'. VSM both reflects how humans represent knowledge in their minds, structurally, and provides a user-interface to enter this knowledge in precisely that intuitive form. VSM thus serves as a gateway for efficient, human-centered curation of context-rich, multi-topic, computable knowledge, which can subsequently be converted to populate any standard data format – or to the subset that that data format is designed to capture. – See for example the MI2CAST standard in VSM-form: https://mi2cast.github.io/causalBuilder . We present how VSM works, and how a large software development effort has recently made VSM available as an open-source web-component on GitHub. VSM's main interface is called a 'vsm-box' and is built on a collection of supporting modules in the 'vsm' GitHub project. The software is highly customizable: the 'vsm-dictionary' module provides a scaffold for connecting a vsm-box to any Controlled Vocabulary provider (e.g. BioPortal, UniProt, PubMed, etc.); the 'vsm-autocomplete' module allows customization of the content of autocomplete-items; and much more. The code is diligently covered with automated tests. The extensive documentation on GitHub describes how to configure and embed a vsm-box in new projects, and enables community contributions to the VSM project itself. We encourage the community to make use of this open-source technology, and look forward to assisting new projects using VSM-based knowledge curation.
Bioactive Peptide Discovery from Edible Insects for Potential Applications in Human Health and Agriculture
Creators: name: Chai, Tsun-Thai
name: Tong, Shi-Ruo
name: Bojarska, Joanna
name: Giller, Katrin
name: Tan, Sheri-Ann
name: Ziora, Zyta Maria
name: Esatbeyoglu, Tuba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: In the past decade, there has been fast-growing interest among researchers to discover bioactive peptides from edible insects and to evaluate their potential applications in the management of human, livestock, and plant health. This review summarizes current knowledge of insect-derived peptides and their potential role in tackling human health issues and solving agriculture problems by protecting crops and livestock against their pathogens. Numerous bioactive peptides have been identified from edible insect species, including peptides that were enzymatically liberated from insect proteins and endogenous peptides that occur naturally in insects. The peptides exhibited diverse bioactivities, encompassing antioxidant, anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme, anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, anti-glucosidase, anti-lipase, anti-lipoxygenase, anti-cyclooxygenase, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective activities. Such findings point to their potential contribution to solving human health problems related to inflammation, free radical damage, diabetes, hypertension, and liver damage, among others. Although most of the experiments were performed in vitro, evidence for the in vivo efficacy of some peptides is emerging. Evidence of the protective effects of insect-derived endogenous antimicrobial peptides in combating farm animal and plant pathogens is available. The ability of insect-derived endogenous neuropeptides to protect plants against herbivorous insects has been demonstrated as well. Nevertheless, the potency of peptides identified from insect protein hydrolysates in modulating livestock and plant health remains a knowledge gap to be filled.
Shannon Entropy and Kullback-Leibler Divergence in Multivariate Log Fundamental Skew-Normal and Related Distributions
Creators: name: Muniz, Marina
name: Silva, Roger
name: Loschi, Rosangela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper mainly focuses on studying the Shannon Entropy and Kullback-Leibler divergence of the multivariate log canonical fundamental skew-normal (LCFUSN) and canonical fundamental skew-normal (CFUSN) families of distributions, extending previous works. We relate our results with other well known distributions entropies. As a byproduct, we also obtain the Mutual Information for distributions in these families. Shannon entropy is used to compare models fitted to analyze the USA monthly precipitation data. Kullback-Leibler divergence is used to cluster regions in Atlantic ocean according to their air humidity level.
description: 21 pages
The dagger lambda calculus
Creators: name: Atzemoglou, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel lambda calculus that casts the categorical approach to the study of quantum protocols into the rich and well established tradition of type theory. Our construction extends the linear typed lambda calculus with a linear negation of "trivialised" De Morgan duality. Reduction is realised through explicit substitution, based on a symmetric notion of binding of global scope, with rules acting on the entire typing judgement instead of on a specific subterm. Proofs of subject reduction, confluence, strong normalisation and consistency are provided, and the language is shown to be an internal language for dagger compact categories.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.8102
The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection
Creators: name: Beck, Melinda A.
name: Milner, J. Justin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: There is strong evidence indicating that excess adiposity negatively impacts immune function and host defence in obese individuals. This is a review of research findings concerning the impact of obesity on the immune response to infection, including a discussion of possible mechanisms. Obesity is characterised by a state of low-grade, chronic inflammation in addition to disturbed levels of circulating nutrients and metabolic hormones. The impact of these metabolic abnormalities on obesity-related comorbidities has undergone intense scrutiny over the past decade. However, relatively little is known of how the immune system and host defence are influenced by the pro-inflammatory and excess energy milieu of the obese. Epidemiological data suggest obese human subjects are at greater risk for nosocomial infections, especially following surgery. Additionally, the significance of altered immunity in obese human subjects is emphasised by recent studies reporting obesity to be an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality following infection with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Rodent models offer important insight into how metabolic abnormalities associated with excess body weight can impair immunity. However, more research is necessary to understand the specific aspects of immunity that are impaired and what factors are contributing to reduced immunocompetence in the obese. Additionally, special consideration of how infection in this at-risk population is managed is required, given that this population may not respond optimally to antimicrobial drugs and vaccination. Obesity impacts millions globally, and greater understanding of its associated physiological disturbances is a key public health concern.
A realistic assessment of the CTA sensitivity to dark matter annihilation
Creators: name: Silverwood, Hamish
name: Weniger, Christoph
name: Scott, Pat
name: Bertone, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the sensitivity of the upcoming CTA gamma-ray telescope to DM annihilation at the Galactic centre, improving on previous analyses in a number of significant ways. First, we perform a detailed analyses of all backgrounds, including diffuse astrophysical emission for the first time in a study of this type. Second, we present a statistical framework for including systematic errors and estimate the consequent degradation in sensitivity. These errors may come from e.g. event reconstruction, Monte Carlo determination of the effective area or uncertainty in atmospheric conditions. Third, we show that performing the analysis on a set of suitably optimised regions of interest makes it possible to partially compensate for the degradation in sensitivity caused by systematics and diffuse emission. To probe dark matter with the canonical thermal annihilation cross-section, CTA systematics like non-uniform variations in acceptance over a single field of view must be kept below the 0.3% level, unless the dark matter density rises more steeply in the centre of the Galaxy than predicted by a typical Navarro-Frenk-White or Einasto profile. For a contracted $r^{-1.3}$ profile, and systematics at the 1% level, CTA can probe annihilation to $b\bar{b}$ at the canonical thermal level for dark matter masses between 100 GeV and 10 TeV.
description: V2: 25 pages, 7 figures, numerical bug fixed, exclusion limits weakened by approximately 30%, main conclusions unchanged