cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cell-Like Capsules with “Smart” Compartments
Creators: name: Ahn, So Hyun
name: Borden, Leah K.
name: Bentley, William E.
name: Raghavan, Srinivasa R.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: adaptive materials
artificial cells
cell mimics
degradable capsules
degradable gels
protocells
responsive materials

description: Eukaryotic cells have inner compartments (organelles), each with distinct properties and functions. One mimic of this architecture, based on biopolymers, is the multicompartment capsule (MCC). Here, MCCs in which the inner compartments are chemically unique and “smart,” i.e., responsive to distinct stimuli in an orthogonal manner are created. Specifically, one compartment alone is induced to degrade when the MCC is contacted with an enzyme while other compartments remain unaffected. Similarly, just one compartment gets degraded upon contact with reactive oxygen species generated from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). And thirdly, one compartment alone is degraded by an external, physical stimulus, namely, by irradiating the MCC with ultraviolet (UV) light. All these specific responses are achieved without resorting to complicated chemistry to create the compartments: the multivalent cation used to crosslink the biopolymer alginate (Alg) is simply altered. Compartments of Alg crosslinked by Ca2+ are shown to be sensitive to enzymes (alginate lyases) but not to H2O2 or UV, whereas the reverse is the case with Alg/Fe3+ compartments. These results imply the ability to selectively burst open a compartment in an MCC “on-demand” (i.e., as and when needed) and using biologically relevant stimuli. The results are then extended to a sequential degradation, where compartments in an MCC are degraded one after another, leaving behind an empty MCC lumen. Collectively, this work advances the MCC as a platform that not only emulates key features of cellular architecture, but can also begin to capture rudimentary cell-like behaviors.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Chemical Toxicity Classification Using a Simulated Multi-Scale Data Model
Creators: name: Li, Zhen
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract: Background: Bioactivity profiling using high-throughput in vitro assays can reduce the cost and time required for toxicological screening of environmental chemicals and can also reduce the need for animal testing. Several public efforts are aimed at discovering patterns or classifiers in highdimensional bioactivity space that predict tissue, organ or whole animal toxicological endpoints. Supervised machine learning is a powerful approach to discover combinatorial relationships in complex in vitro/in vivo datasets. We present a novel model to simulate complex chemicaltoxicology data sets and use this model to evaluate the relative performance of different machine learning (ML) methods. Results: The classification performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Naïve Bayes (NB), Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the presence and absence of filter-based feature selection was analyzed using K-way cross-validation testing and independent validation on simulated in vitro assay data sets with varying levels of model complexity, number of irrelevant features and measurement noise. While the prediction accuracy of all ML methods decreased as non-causal (irrelevant) features were added, some ML methods performed better than others. In the limit of using a large number of features, ANN and SVM were always in the top performing set of methods while RPART and KNN (k = 5) were always in the poorest performing set. The addition of measurement noise and irrelevant features decreased the classification accuracy of all ML methods, with LDA suffering the greatest performance degradation. LDA performance is especially sensitive to the use of feature selection. Filter-based feature selection generally improved performance, most strikingly for LDA. Conclusion: We have developed a novel simulation model to evaluate machine learning methods for the analysis of data sets in which in vitro bioassay data is being used to predict in vivo chemical toxicology. From our analysis, we can recommend that several ML methods, most notably SVM and ANN, are good candidates for use in real world applications in this area.
Diphoton Excess at 750 GeV in leptophobic U(1)$^\prime$ model inspired by $E_6$ GUT
Creators: name: Ko, P.
name: Omura, Yuji
name: Yu, Chaehyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the 750 GeV diphoton excess at the LHC@13TeV in the framework of leptophobic U(1)$^\prime$ model inspired by $E_6$ grand unified theory (GUT). In this model, the Standard Model (SM) chiral fermions carry charges under extra U(1)$^\prime$ gauge symmetry which is spontaneously broken by a U(1)$^\prime$-charged singlet scalar ($Φ$). In addition, extra quarks and leptons are introduced to achieve the anomaly-free conditions, which is a natural consequence of the assumed $E_6$ GUT. These new fermions are vectorlike under the SM gauge group but chiral under new U(1)$^\prime$, and their masses come entirely from the nonzero vacuum expectation value of $Φ$ through the Yukawa interactions. Then, the CP-even scalar $h_Φ$ from $Φ$ can be produced at the LHC by the gluon fusion and decay to the diphoton via the one-loop diagram involving the extra quarks and leptons, and can be identified as the origin of diphoton excess at 750 GeV. In this model, $h_Φ$ can decay into a pair of dark matter particles as well as a pair of scalar bosons, thereby a few tens of the decay width may be possible.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. Published version
HiView: an integrative genome browser to leverage Hi-C results for the interpretation of GWAS variants
Creators: name: Xu, Zheng
name: Duan, Qing
name: Zhang, Guosheng
name: Chai, Shengjie
name: Li, Yun
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits and diseases. However, most of them are located in the non-protein coding regions, and therefore it is challenging to hypothesize the functions of these non-coding GWAS variants. Recent large efforts such as the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics projects have predicted a large number of regulatory elements. However, the target genes of these regulatory elements remain largely unknown. Chromatin conformation capture based technologies such as Hi-C can directly measure the chromatin interactions and have generated an increasingly comprehensive catalog of the interactome between the distal regulatory elements and their potential target genes. Leveraging such information revealed by Hi-C holds the promise of elucidating the functions of genetic variants in human diseases. Results In this work, we present HiView, the first integrative genome browser to leverage Hi-C results for the interpretation of GWAS variants. HiView is able to display Hi-C data and statistical evidence for chromatin interactions in genomic regions surrounding any given GWAS variant, enabling straightforward visualization and interpretation. Conclusions We believe that as the first GWAS variants-centered Hi-C genome browser, HiView is a useful tool guiding post-GWAS functional genomics studies. HiView is freely accessible at: http://www.unc.edu/~yunmli/HiView .
Le froid solaire par dessiccation appliqué au bâtiment Proposition d'une stratégie de régulation du système
Creators: name: Vitte
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Energy
buildings
Solar Cooling
Desiccant cooling

description: The purpose of this thesis is to study the coupling between a solar desiccant evaporative cooling system and the air-conditioned building. Firstly several solar air-conditioning technologies are presented and compared through seasonal energetic indicators. Then a modelling of the global system, composed of the weather, the desiccant air handling unit, the solar subsystem and the building is realized. The desiccant wheel model uses the characteristic potentials method and an analogy with a sensible recovery wheel to solve the heat and mass transfer equations.
 A parametric sensitivity study allows defining the most relevant parameters to be used to control the desiccant air handling unit. The influence of outdoor and indoor air conditions is likewise studied, regarding the dwelling air temperature and the difference of air enthalpy between indoor and outdoor.
 Finally, a control strategy, based on these results, is build for the desiccant system. It is next optimised thanks to the Hooke and Jeeves minimisation algorithm.
3D-Printed Microinjection Needle Arrays via a Hybrid DLP-Direct Laser Writing Strategy
Creators: name: Sarker, Sunandita
name: Colton, Adira
name: Wen, Ziteng
name: Xu, Xin
name: Erdi, Metecan
name: Jones, Anthony
name: Kofinas, Peter
name: Tubaldi, Eleonora
name: Walczak, Piotr
name: Janowski, Miroslaw
name: Liang, Yajie
name: Sochol, Ryan D.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Microinjection protocols are ubiquitous throughout biomedical fields, with hollow microneedle arrays (MNAs) offering distinctive benefits in both research and clinical settings. Unfortunately, manufacturing-associated barriers remain a critical impediment to emerging applications that demand high-density arrays of hollow, high-aspect-ratio microneedles. To address such challenges, here, a hybrid additive manufacturing approach that combines digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing with “ex situ direct laser writing (esDLW)” is presented to enable new classes of MNAs for fluidic microinjections. Experimental results for esDLW-based 3D printing of arrays of high-aspect-ratio microneedles—with 30 µm inner diameters, 50 µm outer diameters, and 550 µm heights, and arrayed with 100 µm needle-to-needle spacing—directly onto DLP-printed capillaries reveal uncompromised fluidic integrity at the MNA-capillary interface during microfluidic cyclic burst-pressure testing for input pressures in excess of 250 kPa (n = 100 cycles). Ex vivo experiments perform using excised mouse brains reveal that the MNAs not only physically withstand penetration into and retraction from brain tissue but also yield effective and distributed microinjection of surrogate fluids and nanoparticle suspensions directly into the brains. In combination, the results suggest that the presented strategy for fabricating high-aspect-ratio, high-density, hollow MNAs could hold unique promise for biomedical microinjection applications.
Anomalous 33S in the Lunar Mantle
Creators: name: Dottin, J. W.
name: Kim, S.-T.
name: Wing, B.
name: Farquhar, J.
name: Shearer, C.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: sulfur isotopes
lunar mantle
mass independent fractionation
lunar glass beads

description: The origin, evolution, and cycling of volatiles on the Moon are established by processes such as the giant moon forming impact, degassing of the lunar magma ocean, degassing during surface eruptions, and lunar surface gardening events. These processes typically induce mass-dependent stable isotope fractionations. Mass-independent fractionation of stable isotopes has yet to be demonstrated during events that release large volumes of gas on the moon and establish transient lunar atmospheres. We present quadruple sulfur isotope compositions of orange and black glass beads from drive tube 74002/1. The sulfur isotope and concentration data collected on the orange and black glasses confirm a role for magmatic sulfur loss during eruption. The Δ33S value of the orange glasses is homogenous (Δ33S = −0.029‰ ± 0.004‰, 2SE) and different from the isotopic composition of lunar basalts (Δ33S = 0.002‰ ± 0.004‰, 2SE). We link the negative Δ33S composition of the orange glasses to an anomalous sulfur source in the lunar mantle. The nature of this anomalous sulfur source remains unknown and is either linked to (a) an impactor that delivered anomalous sulfur after late accretion, (b) sulfur that was photochemically processed early during lunar evolution and was transported to the lunar mantle, or (c) a primitive sulfur component that survived mantle mixing. The examined black glass preserves a mass-dependent Δ33S composition (−0.008‰ ± 0.006‰, 2SE). The orange and black glasses are considered genetically related, but the discrepancy in Δ33S composition among the two samples calls their relationship into question.
A "New Type of Great Power Relationship" and Governance in the International System of the 21st Century
Creators: name: Pang, Zhongying
Publisher: name: Journal of China and International Relations
Year: 2013

description: In the early decades of the 21st century, the real world of powers is neither the so-called unipolarity of the United States of America as the sole superpower, nor the trans-Atlantic domination of the joint Western hegemony. Things are no longer that simple. A fundamental fact of the contemporary international system is that several great powers co-exist – a great powers system has emerged. Clearly, the emergence of the great powers system is a major global challenge. Unfortunately, there are still no effective solutions to the challenge posed by the great powers system. However, China’s proposal a “new type of great power relationship” touches on the issue of the management of the 21st century’s great powers system. The concept of a “new type of great power relationship” still needs time to be further developed theoretically. The management of the great powers system could be the main aim of the concept. In order for 2 America to maintain its dominant position, America turns towards Asia. However, this may help consolidate American hegemony for a short time but it cannot manage the great powers system on a long-term basis. This article argues that China’s “new type of great power relationship” can be seen as a foreign policy innovation in managing the great powers system. It notices that, like China’s new proposal, similar arguments on how to deal with the global challenge posed by a great powers system are emerging in Europe and the Asia Pacific.
description: Journal of China and International Relations, Vol 1 No 2 (2013)
The competition–compensation account of developmental language disorder
Creators: name: Harmon, Zara
name: Barak, Libby
name: Shafto, Patrick
name: Edwards, Jan
name: Feldman, Naomi H.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: child language disorder
fragment grammars
hapax legomena
nonparametric Bayesian models
SLI

description: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) regularly use the bare form of verbs (e.g., dance) instead of inflected forms (e.g., danced). We propose an account of this behavior in which processing difficulties of children with DLD disproportionally affect processing novel inflected verbs in their input. Limited experience with inflection in novel contexts leads the inflection to face stronger competition from alternatives. Competition is resolved through a compensatory behavior that involves producing a more accessible alternative: in English, the bare form. We formalize this hypothesis within a probabilistic model that trades off context-dependent versus independent processing. Results show an over-reliance on preceding stem contexts when retrieving the inflection in a model that has difficulty with processing novel inflected forms. We further show that following the introduction of a bias to store and retrieve forms with preceding contexts, generalization in the typically developing (TD) models remains more or less stable, while the same bias in the DLD models exaggerates difficulties with generalization. Together, the results suggest that inconsistent use of inflectional morphemes by children with DLD could stem from inferences they make on the basis of data containing fewer novel inflected forms. Our account extends these findings to suggest that problems with detecting a form in novel contexts combined with a bias to rely on familiar contexts when retrieving a form could explain sequential planning difficulties in children with DLD.
Ten Years of the Sino-European Strategic Partnership: Achievements and Problems
Creators: name: Wang, Mingjin
Publisher: name: Journal of China and International Relations
Year: 2013

description: Ten years after the establishment of the strategic partnership between China and the EU, this relationship has continued to flourish. However, publicly they have often been at odds, and even created doubts about the real existence of the comprehensive strategic partnership. The drawbacks of this relationship in recent years are mainly caused by the increased competitiveness in economy and trade, and the outbreak of quarrels concerning human rights and other areas. Since Sino-EU relations are very important for both parties and the world in general, both sides should find ways to control their conflicts and thus pave the way for their comprehensive strategic partnerships to further flourish.
description: Journal of China and International Relations, Vol 1 No 2 (2013)
Probability Distributions for Quantum Stress Tensors Measured in a Finite Time Interval
Creators: name: Fewster, Christopher J.
name: Ford, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A meaningful probability distribution for measurements of a quantum stress tensor operator can only be obtained if the operator is averaged in time or in spacetime. This averaging can be regarded as a description of the measurement process. Realistic measurements can be expected to begin and end at finite times, which means that they are described by functions with compact support, which we will also take to be smooth. Here we study the probability distributions for stress tensor operators averaged with such functions of time, in the vacuum state of a massless free field. Our primary aim is to understand the asymptotic form of the distribution which describes the probability of large vacuum fluctuations. Our approach involves asymptotic estimates for the high moments of the distribution. These estimates in turn may be used to obtain estimates for the asymptotic form of the probability distribution. Our results show that averaging over a finite interval results in a probability distribution which falls more slowly than for the case of Lorentzian averaging, and both fall more slowly than exponentially. This indicates that vacuum fluctuations effects can dominate over thermal fluctuations in some circumstances.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures
A Study of China’s Relationship with the Islamic World
Creators: name: Gao, Zugui
Publisher: name: Journal of China and International Relations
Year: 2013

description: Since the beginning of the 21st century, the China-Islamic World relationship has gained more impetus and entered into the fast track of development due to increasing bilateral, regional and global strategic interests. From a strategic perspective, China focuses more on energy and resources, national security in relation to religious extremism, national separatism and terrorism, and changes of regional geo-strategic structures in the Islamic World. Along with increasing mutual interests and the role of China in the Islamic World (including Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia and South-East Asia), political, economic and security relations between China and the Islamic World have been of great significance. As regards this, the recent developments of the relationships between China and both the Central Asian as well as the West Asian States can be used as examples. During these processes, the bilateral and multilateral cooperative regimes, such as Shanghai Cooperative Organization (SCO) and Sino-Arab Co-operation Forum (SACF), were established. In the future, the regional challenges in the Islamic World and the rising role of Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia and South-East Asia and their competitors from current great powers, including the U.S.A., Russia, India, Japan and the EU, will have an impact on the relationship between China and the Islamic World.
description: Journal of China and International Relations, Vol 1 No 2 (2013)
Overview of Machine Learning Applications at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Ezequiel
name: Capone, A.
name: Celli, S.
name: Gasbarra, C.
name: Morselli, A.
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2025

description: The complex spatio-temporal information from shower footprints, comprised of particle arrival times and traces measured by water-Cherenkov detectors, is challenging to analyse with traditional methods but well-suited for machine learning (ML) based analyses. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the ML applications developed to leverage the high event statistics acquired by the Pierre Auger Observatory. In the context of the energy spectrum, a neural network approach for energy reconstruction has demonstrated potential in reducing composition biases in the energy estimator. A notable application for mass composition is the indirect prediction of the depth of the maximum shower development, Xmax , which extends the energy range of previous analyses into unexplored higher energies. Aligned with AugerPrime, the ongoing upgrade of the Observatory, the impact of enhanced electronics and scintillation detectors was explored via simulations. Both transformers and convolutional networks perform better at the reconstruction of mass-composition sensitive observables like Xmax and the muon number, demonstrating the benefits of the Observatory’s upgrade.
MPEC 2023-F139 : 2023 FZ3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FZ3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Conservative algebras of $2$-dimensional algebras, II
Creators: name: Kaygorodov, Ivan
name: Volkov, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In 1990 Kantor defined the conservative algebra $W(n)$ of all algebras (i.e. bilinear maps) on the $n$-dimensional vector space. If $n>1$, then the algebra $W(n)$ does not belong to any well-known class of algebras (such as associative, Lie, Jordan, or Leibniz algebras). We describe automorphisms, one-sided ideals, and idempotents of $W(2).$ Also similar problems are solved for the algebra $W_2$ of all commutative algebras on the 2-dimensional vector space and for the algebra $S_2$ of all commutative algebras with trace zero multiplication on the 2-dimensional vector space.
Quantumness, Randomness and Computability
Creators: name: Solis, Aldo
name: Hirsch, Jorge G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomness plays a central rol in the quantum mechanical description of our interactions. We review the relationship between the violation of Bell inequalities, non signaling and randomness. We discuss the challenge in defining a random string, and show that algorithmic information theory provides a necessary condition for randomness using Borel normality. We close with a view on incomputablity and its implications in physics.
description: 12 pages, Proc. of International Conference on Quantum Control, Exact or Perturbative, Linear or Nonlinear to celebrate 50 years of the scientific career of Professor Bogdan Mielnik (Mielnik50) 22-24 October 2014, Mexico City, Mexico
MidExDB: A database of Drosophila CNS midline cell gene expression
Creators: name: Wheeler, Scott R
name: Crews, Stephen
name: Stagg, Stephanie B
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background The Drosophila CNS midline cells are an excellent model system to study neuronal and glial development because of their diversity of cell types and the relative ease in identifying and studying the function of midline-expressed genes. In situ hybridization experiments generated a large dataset of midline gene expression patterns. To help synthesize these data and make them available to the scientific community, we developed a web-accessible database. Description MidExDB (Drosophila CNS Midline Gene Expression Database) is comprised of images and data from our in situ hybridization experiments that examined midline gene expression. Multiple search tools are available to allow each type of data to be viewed and compared. Descriptions of each midline cell type and their development are included as background information. Conclusion MidExDB integrates large-scale gene expression data with the ability to identify individual cell types providing the foundation for detailed genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies of CNS midline cell neuronal and glial development and function. This information has general relevance for the study of nervous system development in other organisms, and also provides insight into transcriptional regulation.
The Cultural Soft Power of China: A Tool for Dualistic National Security
Creators: name: Aukia, Jukka
Publisher: name: Journal of China and International Relations
Year: 2014

description: Research on the soft power of China has proliferated to the point where little coherence can be detected. This paper attempts to bring together the various forms of analyses in both international and Chinese literature. A division in the non-Chinese research is drawn between those who recognize the international and domestic dimension in the Chinese soft power discourse and those who do not. It is concluded that Chinese academia envisages cultural soft power as a tool for tackling the challenges of modernization for the PRC state in search of itself in a dualistic manner using both the international and domestic arenas. In essence, the soft power discourse of China has long since outgrown the narrow definition used in the West more in the direction of national security.
description: Journal of China and International Relations, Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
Life Long Sorrow: Settler Affect, State and Trauma at Anne of Green Gables
Creators: Rob Shields
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2017

This paper contributes a definition of ‘settler affect’ using Lucy Maud Montgomery's early 20th century series of novels Anne of Green Gables series of novels.  The adopted protagonist, Anne, struggles to become ‘of Green Gables’ and to fit in to rural community despite her red hair, difference and impetuous character and then to succeed in life the subsequent books in the series.  Empowering and disempowering ‘settler affect’ and traumas related to colonialism are traced as temporal-spatial relations and as affect anchored in the interactions of the characters with each other and with places. The State-sponsored transference of settler affect to modern day citizens in Anne of Green Gables through role-playing and immersion in tourist sites and theme parks is discussed in terms of virtual ‘as-if-ness’ and the semiotics of artifice.  A corrected version of this paper appears in Settler Colonial Studies 8:4. 2017. pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2017.1388467
Transversal knowledge formations in Professional Bachelor Education employing Problem Based Learning (PBL)
Creators: name: Larsen, Verner
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2013

description: This paper describes the principles underlying how various knowledge areas blend into transversal formations in two educational contexts employing PBL. Such ‘transversality’ has often been referred to as inter- cross- or trans-disciplinarity. However, these terms are ambiguous, especially in relation to Problem Based Learning. There is a growing need for stronger language to express underlying principles of knowledge formations and the constitution of such. The term transversality suggests that knowledge formations are not based on a relationship between strong independent disciplines, but rather on a number of subject areas that are combined during students’ PBL-studies. As such, the curriculum organized knowledge, as well as students’ reflections of various types at the level of teaching and learning, constitute certain ‘modalities’ of transversal knowledge formations. Two institutional case studies - Nursing and the Constructing Architect education - have been researched, compared and contrasted in order to demonstrate how institutional practices demonstrate different modalities of transversal knowledge in their PBL-courses. For the purpose of this paper Nursing Education will be abbreviated as NE and Constructing Architect as CAE.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 1 No 1 (2013)
Specific resistance prevents the evolution of general resistance and facilitates disease emergence
Creators: name: Hulse, Samuel V.
name: Antonovics, Janis
name: Hood, Michael E.
name: Bruns, Emily L.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: evolutionary feedback
general resistance
host shift
quantitative resistance
specific resistance
spillover

description: Host-shifts, where pathogens jump from an ancestral host to a novel host, can be facilitated or impeded by standing variation in disease resistance, but only if resistance provides broad-spectrum general resistance against multiple pathogen species. Host resistance comes in many forms and includes both general resistance, as well as specific resistance, which may only be effective against a single pathogen species or even genotype. However, most evolutionary models consider only one of these forms of resistance, and we have less understanding of how these two forms of resistance evolve in tandem. Here, we develop a model that allows for the joint evolution of specific and general resistance and asks if the evolution of specific resistance drives a decrease in the evolution of general resistance. We also explore how these evolutionary outcomes affect the risk of foreign pathogen invasion and persistence. We show that in the presence of a single endemic pathogen, the two forms of resistance are strongly exclusionary. Critically, we find that specific resistance polymorphisms can prevent the evolution of general resistance, facilitating the invasion of foreign pathogens. We also show that specific resistance polymorphisms are a necessary condition for the successful establishment of foreign pathogens following invasion, as they prevent the exclusion of the foreign pathogen by the more transmissible endemic pathogen. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering the joint evolution of multiple forms of resistance when evaluating a population's susceptibility to foreign pathogens.
CARTILHA EDUCATIVA SOBRE ESCALPELAMENTO
Creators: name: PORTO, Juliana de Andrade Moreira
name: Baker, Patrícia Andrea Godinho
name: CASSEB, Tamires Faro
name: VIDEIRA, Izabel Fagury
name: DAMASCENO, Yohana Sandy Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Esta é uma cartilha educacional voltada para os cuidados para prevenção de acidentes envolvendo escalpelamento
Data everyday as community-driven science: Athletes' critical data literacy practices in collegiate sports contexts
Creators: name: Clegg, Tamara L.
name: Cleveland, Keaunna
name: Weight, Erianne
name: Greene, Daniel
name: Elmqvist, Niklas
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: critical data literacy
data justice
data science
sports and learning

description: In this article, we investigate the community-driven science happening organically in elite athletics as a means of engaging a community of learners—collegiate athletes, many of whom come from underrepresented groups—in STEM. We aim to recognize the data literacy practices inherent in sports play and to explore the potential of critical data literacy practices for enabling athletes to leverage data science as a means of addressing systemic racial, equity, and justice issues inherent in sports institutions. We leverage research on critical data literacies as a lens to present case studies of three athletes at an NCAA Division 1 university spanning three different sports. We focus on athletes' experiences as they engage in critical data literacy practices and the ways they welcome, adapt, resist, and critique such engagements. Our findings indicate ways in which athletes (1) readily accept data practices espoused by their coaches and sport, (2) critique and intentionally disengage from such practices, and (3) develop their own new data productions. In order to support community-driven science, our findings point to the critical role of athletics' organizations in promoting athletes' access to, as well as engagement and agency with data practices on their teams.
Habitability of Terrestrial-Mass Planets in the HZ of M Dwarfs. I. H/He-Dominated Atmospheres
Creators: name: Owen, James E.
name: Mohanty, Subhanjoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ubiquity of M dwarfs, combined with the relative ease of detecting terrestrial-mass planets around them, has made them prime targets for finding and characterising planets in the "Habitable Zone" (HZ). However, Kepler finds that terrestrial-mass exoplanets are often born with voluminous H/He envelopes, comprising mass-fractions ($M_{env}/M_{core}$) $\gtrsim 1$%. If these planets retain such envelopes over Gyr timescales, they will not be "habitable" even within the HZ. Given the strong X-ray/UV fluxes of M dwarfs, we study whether sufficient envelope mass can be photoevaporated away for these planets to become habitable. We improve upon previous work by using hydrodynamic models that account for radiative cooling as well as the transition from hydrodynamic to ballistic escape. Adopting a template active M dwarf XUV spectrum, including stellar evolution, and considering both evaporation and thermal evolution, we show that: (1) the mass-loss is (considerably) lower than previous estimates that use an "energy-limited" formalism and ignore the transition to Jeans escape, (2) at the inner edge of the HZ, planets with core mass $\lesssim 0.9$ M$_\oplus$, can lose enough H/He to become habitable if their initial envelope mass-fraction is $\sim$1%, (3) at the outer edge of the HZ, evaporation cannot remove a $\sim$1% H/He envelope even from cores down to 0.8 M$_\oplus$. Thus, if planets form with bulky H/He envelopes, only those with low-mass cores may eventually be habitable. Cores $\gtrsim$ 1 M$_\oplus$, with $\gtrsim$1% natal H/He envelopes, will not be habitable in the HZ of M dwarfs.
description: 52 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Investigating the contribution of different cortical areas and layers to consciousness and its signatures
Creators: name: Cirelli, Chiara
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences

description: Several theories of consciousness agree about a key role for the cerebral cortex but disagree on which cortical areas and layers are critical. These mechanistic questions are best investigated in animal models, but the lack of reliable measures of consciousness in such models has so far hampered research. Here we propose, first, to validate in freely moving mice and rats a measure of consciousness—PCI—that has shown high sensitivity and specificity in humans. This measure reliably infers the level of consciousness by analyzing the complexity of the cortical response to a brief stimulation. To do so, we will employ in rodents an adaptation of PCI (PCIst) obtained by electrically and/or optogenetically stimulating different cortical areas and layers and simultaneously recording with high-density probes (such as Neuropixels) from hundreds of cortical and subcortical neurons to shed light on the cellular and network mechanisms of consciousness. As indicated by preliminary results, we will confirm that in rodents PCIst reliably distinguishes among conscious and unconscious states– waking, NREM sleep, REM sleep, anesthesia—just as it does in humans. We will then use PCIst to test whether some cortical areas and/or cortical layers more reliably track consciousness levels. This analysis will provide critical new data to understand the mechanisms of consciousness and unconsciousness and help adjudicate among competing theories.
Algebras of Jordan brackets and Generalized Poisson algebras
Creators: name: Kaygorodov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a basis of free unital generalized Poisson superalgebras and a basis of free unital superalgebras of Jordan brackets. Also, we prove the analogue of Farkas' Theorem for PI unital generalized Poisson algebras and PI unital algebras of Jordan brackets. Relations beetwen generic Poisson superalgebras and superalgebras of Jordan brackets will be studied.
Trends in domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese school children, 2004–2011
Creators: name: Dearth-Wesley, Tracy
name: Howard, Annie Green
name: Popkin, Barry
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Dramatic increases in child overweight have occurred in China. A comprehensive look at trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese youth is needed. The study aimed to examine trends in domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors, explore mean and distributional changes in predicted behaviors over time, and investigate how behaviors vary by residence. Methods Using 2004–2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey data, adjusted means for MET-hours/week from physical activity and hours/week from sedentary behaviors were determined for school children (6–18 years), stratifying by gender, age group, and residence. Physical activity domains included in-school physical activity, active leisure (out-of-school physical activity), active travel (walking or biking), and domestic activity (cooking, cleaning, and child care). For each physical activity domain, the MET-hours/week measure was determined from the total weekly time spent (hours) in domain-specific activities and corresponding MET-values using the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth. Sedentary behaviors included television, computer use, homework, and other behaviors (board games, toys, extracurricular reading and writing). For each sedentary behavior, the hours/week measure was determined from total weekly time spent in specific sedentary behaviors. Residence groups included megacities (population ≥ 20million), cities/towns (300,000 ≤ population < 20million), and rural/suburban areas (population < 300,000). Repeated measure linear mixed and quantile regression models were used to predict adjusted means. Results Little change in physical activity behaviors occurred over time, with the exception of statistically significant trends toward increased domestic activity among male children (p < .05). Across all gender and age groups, statistically significant trends over time toward an average increase in computer use were seen (p < .01); these increases were largely driven by those ≥50th percentile on the distribution. Children living in megacities (versus rural areas) reported higher levels of physical activity, homework, and computer use. Conclusions Intensified, systematic intervention and policy efforts promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors among children are needed.
MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF ESTUARINE CHEMISTRY
Creators: name: PUNT, ADRIAN GAVIN
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2000

description: A l-D tidally resolving hydrodynamic model of the Tweed Estuary has been encoded using the Estuarine Contaminant Simulator, ECoS. The model results of axial and time series variations in water elevation, salinity and turbidity are compared to field data recorded during the LOIS survey programme. The organic and inorganic controls on estuarine pH have also been investigated by encoding a new template to predict the effect of changing salinity and temperature on the pH of estuarine water. The template has been coupled to the hydrodynamic model to predict pH variations in the estuary. The model results have shown conservative behaviour of the inorganic carbon system through out the majority of the estuary, but also identified an area of potentially high photosynthetic activity near the limit of saline intrusion during periods of low summer flows. Low (< 2 ^g 1"') concentrations of chlorophyll a in the water column and increases in pH correlated with tidal inundation of the river estuary banks imply that benthic photosynthetic process are important water chemistry in the upper estuary. The effects of salinity, turbidity and pH on Kd(Cd) and K 90 %) when a metabolic inhibitor was added. The Kd has been encoded as an exchange transfer and used to predict axial distributions and the flux of these metals from the riverine catchment to the sea. Model results indicate that the partition coefficients determined fi-om the radiotracer studies can not fully account for the analytically determined distribution between phases. It is hypothesised that colloids and Fe-Mn oxides precipitates play a significant role in trace metal transpon in low turbidity, high pH conditions. The results have implications for the measurement and modelling of chemical fluxes in low turbidity systems.
Centrality dependence of elliptic flow of multi-strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Shi, Shusu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent results of the mid-rapidity elliptic flow ($v_2$) for multi-strange hadrons and the $ϕ$ meson as a function of centrality in Au + Au collisions at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The transverse momentum dependence of $ϕ$ and $Ω$ $v_2$ is similar to that of pion and proton, indicating that the heavier strange ($s$) quark flows as strongly as the lighter up ($u$) and down ($d$) quarks. These observations constitute a clear piece of evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energy. In addition, the mass ordering of $v_2$ breaks between the $ϕ$ and proton at low transverse momenta in the 0-30\% centrality bin, possibly due to the effect of late hadronic interactions on the proton $v_2$.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, SQM 2015 proceedings
What teacher education students learn about collaboration from problem-based learning
Creators: name: Murray-Harvey, Rosalind
name: Pourshafie, Tahereh
name: Reyes, Wilma Santos
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2013

description: Group work, an essential component of learning and teaching in problem-based learning (PBL), is compromised if students’ experiences of PBL are colored by dissatisfaction with the process or outcomes. For the potential benefits of PBL to be realized PBL group work must be genuinely collaborative to address students’ personal and professional learning needs. Australian teacher education students (n=122) provided written reflections on PBL that enabled representations of their group work experience to be mapped using an Attitude, Skills, and Knowledge (ASK) framework to gauge understanding of the collaborative learning process (as learners and as future teachers). Attitudes identified as necessary for collaborative learning were valuing others’ perspectives, interdependence, and learning about self. The Skills dimension characterized interpersonal, problem solving and group skills. Features of the Knowledge dimension were: generation, application, and dissemination of knowledge. Pedagogical knowledge was also evident through learning connections made by students to their future teaching practice.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 1 No 1 (2013)
Some new applications for heat and fluid flows via fractional derivatives without singular kernel
Creators: name: Yang, Xiao-Jun
name: Zhang, Zhi-Zhen
name: Srivastava, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper addresses the mathematical models for the heat-conduction equations and the Navier-Stokes equations via fractional derivatives without singular kernel.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in Thermal Science. Paper Submitted 28/ Dec /2016; Revised 20/Jan/2016; Accepted for publication 21/Jan/2016
Automated NLO QCD Corrections with WHIZARD
Creators: name: Weiss, C.
name: Nejad, B. Chokoufe
name: Kilian, W.
name: Reuter, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly discuss the current status of NLO QCD automation in the Monte Carlo event generator WHIZARD. The functionality is presented for the explicit study of off-shell top quark production with associated backgrounds at a lepton collider.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics 2015 (EPS-HEP 2015), Vienna, Austria, 22nd to 29th of July 2015
Dimensions of problem based learning – dialogue and online collaboration in projects
Creators: name: Andreasen, Lars Birch
name: Nielsen, Jørgen Lerche
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2013

description: The article contributes to the discussions on problem based learning and project work, building on and reflecting the experiences of the authors. Four perspectives are emphasized as central to a contemporary approach to problem- and project-based learning: the exploration of problems, projects as a method, online collaboration, and the dialogic aspect of students’ project work. A specific focus is on how the problem- and project-based learning approach developed in Denmark historically and theoretically, and how it unfolds today discussed through a case of the Danish Master programme in ICT and Learning (MIL), focusing on changes in the roles of teachers as supervisors, and the involvement of students in course and project activities.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 1 No 1 (2013)
Using Web 2.0 Technology to Enhance, Scaffold and Assess Problem-Based Learning
Creators: name: Hack, Catherine
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2013

description: Web 2.0 technologies, such as social networks, wikis, blogs, and virtual worlds provide a platform for collaborative working, facilitating sharing of resources and joint document production. They can act as a stimulus to promote active learning and provide an engaging and interactive environment for students, and as such align with the philosophy of Problem-based Learning. Furthermore, Web 2.0 technologies can provide the tutor or facilitator with an opportunity to scaffold and asses the PBL process. However, whilst it is recognised that technology has an important role in enhancing each step of a PBL exercise, academic staff can be reluctant to use it. This paper provides some illustrative examples of the technologies that have been used to enhance, scaffold and assess PBL and their evaluation by distance learning and on-campus students at the University of Ulster. The benefits and limitations of using technology for both staff and students to support PBL are discussed.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 1 No 1 (2013)