Inulanthera tridens
Creators: name: Magoswana, S. L.
name: Boatwright, J. S.
name: Manning, J. C.
name: Magee, A. R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Inulanthera
Inulanthera tridens

description: 9. Inulanthera tridens (Oliv.) KällersjÖ in Nord. J. Bot. 5 (6): 539 (1986).
Athanasia tridens Oliv. in Hooker's icon. Pl. 23: t. 2232; Hilliard, Compositae in Natal: 338 (1977).
Type: South Africa: [KwaZulu-Natal], hills near Blinkwater, 21 Apr. 1890, Wood 4315 (K, holo. – image!; BM – image!, BOL – image, E – image!, NH – image!, PRE – image, iso.).
Multi-stemmed shrub 0.45–1.0 m, resprouting from a woody caudex, stems simple or densely branched from near base, branches 2–4 mm diam., densely grey woolly. Leaves, sub-erect to spreading, narrowly oblong to elliptic, 15–25 × 2–5 mm, simple to trifid or rarely 4- lobed, lobes lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, base auriculate, margins revolute, grey woolly sometimes glabrescent, coriaceous; axillary shoots absent. Capitula in dense compound corymbs 15–60 mm across, branches 15–40 mm long, inflorescence bracts linear to lanceolate, 5–10 × 1–3 mm. Involucre subglobose, 5–8 × 10–15 mm, densely whitish woolly; outer bracts ovate, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, attenuate, with dark markings apically, margins minutely serrulate. Receptacle paleate. Florets 30 to 75. Pappus of ribs extended apically into horns 0.2–0.3 mm long. Cypselas obovoid, 1–2 × 0.3–1.0 mm, prominently 8- to 10-ribbed, glabrous or sometimes with sessile glands between ribs. Fig. 16.
References
Bayala, B., Bassole, I.H.N., Scifo, R., Gnoula, C., Morel, L., Lobaccaro, J.-M.A., Simpore, J., 2014. Anticancer activity of essential oils and their chemical components—a review. American Journal of Cancer Research 4 (6), 591–607.
Bremer, K., 1972. The genus Osmitopsis (Compositae). Botaniska Notiser 125, 9–48.
Bremer, K., Humphries, C.J., 1993. Generic monograph of the Asteraceae–Anthemideae. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London, Botany Series 23 (2), 108.
Cowling, R.M., 1987. Fire and its role in coexistence and speciation in Gondwanan shrublands. South African Journal of Science 83, 106–112.
Edwards, D., Leistner, O.A., 1971. A degree reference system for citing biological records in southern Africa. Mitteilungen des Botanische Staatssammlung München 10, 501–509.
Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Robinson, H., 2009. Classification of Compositae. In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (Eds.), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Vienna, pp. 171–189.
Hilliard, O.M., 1977. Compositae in Natal. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.
Holmgren, P.K., Holmgren, N.H., Barnettt, L.C., 1990. Index Herbariorum 1: The Herbaria of the World. eighth ed. Regnum Vegetabile. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Jana, B.K., Mukherjee, S.K., 2014. Pappus structure in the family Compositae- A short communication. International Journal of Scientific Research 3 (5), 29–30.
Diagnostic characters
KällersjÖ, M., 1986. Fruit structure and generic delimitations of Athanasia (Asteraceae Anthemideae) and related South African genera. Nordic Journal of Botany 5, 11–26.
Inulanthera tridens is distinctive in its entire or 3(4)-lobed leaves without axillary tufts (Fig. 16B 1-B 2) and attenuate involucral bracts with dark apices (Fig. 16C).
Leistner, O.A., Morris, J.M., 1976. Southern African place names. Annals of the Cape Province Museum 12.
Magee, A.R., Boatwright, J.S., Mucina, L., 2014. Four new species of Ursinia (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from South Africa, with an updated key to the genus in Namaqualand. Phytotaxa 177 (3), 137–145.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
Magee, A.R., Nicolas, A.N., Tilney, P.M., Plunkett, G.M., 2015. Phylogenetic relationships and generic realignments within the early diverging subtribe Pentziinae (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 178, 633–647.
This species is known from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal and southern Lesotho, where it occurs on rocky mountain ridges at altitudes above 2000 m (Fig. 17). The species flowers in March and April.
Manning, J.C., Goldblatt, P., 2005. Two new species of Asteraceae from Northern and Western Cape, South Africa and a new synonym. Bothalia 35 (1), 55–61.
Moffett, R., 2010. Sesotho Plant and Animal Names and Plants Used by the Basotho. Sun Press, Bloemfontein.
Mukherjee, S.K., Sarkar, A.K., 2001. Morphological diversity of pappus in the subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19, 275–295.
Additional specimens examined.
South Africa. KWA‐ ZULU NATAL: 2929 (Underberg): Mount Erskine (− AA), Wright 480 (NU); Ndedema area, Drakensberg (− AB), Esterhuysen 22977 (BOL); Injasuti area, Drakensberg kloof (− AB), Esterhuysen 20241 (BOL); Giant's Castle Game Reserve, contour path to Bannerman (− AB), Trauseld 752 (NU); right branch of Loteni River facing upstream (− AD), Wright 172 (NU); Mpendle, Highmoor Forest Reserve, ridge SE of Giant's Castle, headwaters of Elandshoek River (− BC), Hilliard and Burtt 16211 (NU); Mpendle, Mulangane ridge, above Carter's Nek (− BC), Hilliard and Burtt 18352 (NU); Kamberg (− BD), Wright 1773 (NU); Cobham, upper Polela (− CB), Hilliard and Burtt 12546 (NU, PRE). 2930 (Pietermaritzburg): Mount Gilboa (− AD), Edwards 2786 (NU). EASTERN CAPE: 3028 (Matatiele): ascent to Nuade's Nek (− BC), Hilliard and Burtt 6616 (NU); summit Naude's Nek (− CA), Hilliard 3909 (BOL, NH, NU) Hilliard and Burtt 16,607 (NU), Bigalke 212 (PRE), Magoswana 12 (NBG); Mount Fletcher, Ncome at summit of pass along road to Maxagweni (− DA), Cloete 989 (NH). 3029 (Kokstad): summit of Mount Currie (− AD), Tyson 1450 (SAM); Mount Insizwa (− BC), Hilliard and Burtt 6539 (NU); Ngele, below Eagles Nest (− DA), Abbott 5270 A (NH). 3127 (Lady Frere): Saalboom Nek, S of Clifford (− AB), Hilliard and Burtt 12279 (NU). 3128 (Umtata): Baziya Mountain (− CB), Hilliard and Burtt 13886 (NU).
Lesotho: 2927 (Maseru): Sehlabathebe National Park, Matša a Mafikeng (− CC), Hoener 2192 (MO).
Oberprieler, C., Himmelreich, S., KällersjÖ, M., Vallès, J., Watson, L.E., Vogt, R., 2009. Anthemideae. In: Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (Eds.), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Vienna, pp. 631–666.
Prassler, M., 1967. Revision der gattung Ursinia. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 6, 636–6478.
Rasoanaivo, P., Randriana, R.F., Maggi, F., Quassinti, N.M.L., Bramucci, M., Lupidi, G., Petrelli, D., Vitali, L.A., Papa, F., Vittori, S., 2013. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Athanasia brownii Hochr. (Asteraceae) endemic to Madagascar. Chemistry and Biodiversity 10, 1876–1886.
Rudall, P., 1995. VIII. Iridaceae. In: Cutler, D.F., Gregory, M. (Eds.), Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Schutte, A.L., Vlok, J.H.J., Van Wyk, B.-E., 1995. Fire-survival strategy—a character of taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary importance in fynbos legumes. Plant Systematics and Evolution 195, 243–259.
Shih, C., 1979. A taxonomic study of the genus Hippolytia Poljak. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 17 (4), 62–71.
Small, J., 1918. The origin and development of the Compositae. New Phytologist 17 (3), 69–94.
Stuessy, T.F., Garver, D., 1996. The defensive role of pappus in heads of Compositae. In: Caligari, P.D.S., Hind, D.J.N. (Eds.), Compositae: Biology and Utilization. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference. Kew 1994 Vol. 2, 8 l–91. Royal Botanical Garden, Kew.
description: Published as part of Magoswana, S. L., Boatwright, J. S., Manning, J. C. & Magee, A. R., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Inulanthera (Asteraceae: Anthemideae) *, pp. 141-157 in South African Journal of Botany 105 on pages 156-157, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.203, http://zenodo.org/record/10496274