cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Colloidal analogs of molecular chain stoppers
Creators: name: Kumacheva, E.
name: Choueiri, R. M.
name: Rubinstein, M.
name: Klinkova, A.
name: Therien-Aubin, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Self-assembly of nanoparticles in polymer-like chains bears a strong similarity to polymerization reactions, in which monomer units are brought together by directional noncovalent interactions. Based on this similarity, the molecular concepts of polymer chemistry can be applied to achieve controllable nanoparticle assembly. On the other hand, the ability to visualize nanoparticle assemblies and to exploit characterization tools used in nanoscience offers a unique way to study polymerization reactions. Here we explore this twofold strategy for an exemplary system including the self-assembly of bifunctional metal nanorods in the presence of monofunctional nanoparticles (chain stoppers). The approach provided insight into the polymerization kinetics, side reactions, the distribution of species in the system, and the design rules for the synthesis of molecular chain stoppers.
Gaussian distributions, Jacobi group and Siegel-Jacobi space
Creators: name: Molitor, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{N}$ be the space of Gaussian distribution functions over $\mathbb{R}$, regarded as a 2-dimensional statistical manifold parameterized by the mean $μ$ and the deviation $σ$. In this paper we show that the tangent bundle of $\mathcal{N}$, endowed with its natural Kähler structure, is the Siegel-Jacobi space appearing in the context of Number Theory and Jacobi forms. Geometrical aspects of the Siegel-Jacobi space are discussed in detail (completeness, curvature, group of holomorphic isometries, space of Kähler functions, relationship to the Jacobi group), and are related to the quantum formalism in its geometrical form, i.e., based on the Kähler structure of the complex projective space. This paper is a continuation of our previous work, where we studied the quantum formalism from a geometric and information-theoretical point of view.
Die Erbsünde: ein Code der Fehlbarkeit?
Creators: name: Boureux, Christophe
name: Theobald, Christoph
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 40 Nr. 1 (2004): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 40, Heft 1
Competing and noncompeting activities of miR-122 and the 5' exonuclease Xrn1 in regulation of hepatitis C virus replication
Creators: name: Masaki, T.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Li, Y.
name: McGivern, D. R.
name: Yamane, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is dependent on microRNA 122 (miR-122), a liver-specific microRNA that recruits Argonaute 2 to the 5′ end of the viral genome, stabilizing it and slowing its decay both in cell-free reactions and in infected cells. Here we describe the RNA degradation pathways against which miR-122 provides protection. Transfected HCV RNA is degraded by both the 5′ exonuclease Xrn1 and 3′ exonuclease exosome complex, whereas replicating RNA within infected cells is degraded primarily by Xrn1 with no contribution from the exosome. Consistent with this, sequencing of the 5′ and 3′ ends of RNA degradation intermediates in infected cells confirmed that 5′ decay is the primary pathway for HCV RNA degradation. Xrn1 knockdown enhances HCV replication, indicating that Xrn1 decay and the viral replicase compete to set RNA abundance within infected cells. Xrn1 knockdown and miR-122 supplementation have equal, redundant, and nonadditive effects on the rate of viral RNA decay, indicating that miR-122 protects HCV RNA from 5′ decay. Nevertheless, Xrn1 knockdown does not rescue replication of a viral mutant defective in miR-122 binding, indicating that miR-122 has additional yet uncharacterized function(s) in the viral life cycle.
Topological charged BPS vortices in Lorentz-violating Maxwell-Higgs electrodynamics
Creators: name: Casana, R.
name: Lazar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a complete study of BPS vortex solutions in the Abelian sector of the standard model extension (SME). Specifically, we have coupled the SME electromagnetism with a Higgs field which is supplemented with a Lorentz-violating CPT-even term. We have verified that Lorentz violation (LV) belonging to the Higgs sector allows to interpolate between some well known models like, Maxwell-Higgs, Chern-Simons-Higgs and Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs. We can also observed that the electrical charged density distribution is nonnull in both CPT-even and CPT-odd models; however, the total electric charge in the CPT-even case is null, whereas in the CPT-odd one it is proportional to the quantized magnetic flux. The following general results can be established in relation to the LV introduced in the Higgs sector: it changes the vortex ansatz and the gauge field boundary conditions. A direct consequence is that the magnetic flux, besides being proportional to the winding number, also depends explicitly on the Lorentz-violation belonging to the Higgs sector.
description: LaTex2e pages
Comprehensive analysis of dengue virus-specific responses supports an HLA-linked protective role for CD8+ T cells
Creators: name: Weiskopf, D.
name: Fernando, A. N.
name: Shresta, S.
name: de Azeredo, E. L.
name: Sette, A.
name: Mattia, K. A.
name: Peters, B.
name: Doranz, B. J.
name: Angelo, M. A.
name: de Silva, A. M.
name: Grey, H. M.
name: De Silva, A. D.
name: Broadwater, A.
name: Kolla, R. V.
name: Greenbaum, J. A.
name: Sidney, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Dengue virus is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, affecting over 100 million individuals each year. Currently there is no licensed vaccine or effective antiviral therapy available, and treatment is largely supportive in nature. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of functional T-cell memory against dengue viruses and suggests an HLA-linked protective role for CD8+ T cells. This demonstration of the protective role of T-cell responses points the way forward to identifying robust correlates of protection in natural immunity and vaccination against dengue virus.
Bornological projective limits of inductive limits of normed spaces
Creators: name: Bonet, José
name: Wegner, Sven-Ake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46A13, Secondary 46A03, 46A04, 46A06, 46E10, 46M40

description: We establish a criterion to decide when a countable projective limit of countable inductive limits of normed spaces is bornological. We compare the conditions occurring within our criterion with well-known abstract conditions from the context of homological algebra and with conditions arising within the investigation of weighted PLB-spaces of continuous functions.
description: Version of May 1, 2011. 14 pages
Low temperature behavior of finite-size one-dimensional Ising model and the partition function zeros
Creators: name: Lee, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the infinite chain, the low-temperature expansion of a one-dimensional free-field Ising model has a strong dependence on boundary conditions. I derive explicit formula for the leading term of the expansion both under open and periodic boundary conditions, and show they are related to different distributions of partition function zeros on the complex temperature plane. In particular, when the periodic boundary condition is imposed, the leading coefficient of the expansion grows with size, due to the zeros approaching the origin.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. The sign convention for the coupling constant is changed and a reference is added
Mapping Access to Electricity with Global Open Data (SDG Indicator 7.1.1)
Creators: name: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report estimated that in 2019, 759 million people around the world lacked access to electricity. Due to current policies and the effects of the COVID-19 crisis, it is predicted that by 2030, 660 million people will still not have access to electricity, with a majority of these people residing in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 is to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all." As one measure of progress, the UN has established SDG indicator 7.1.1 : "Proportion of population with access to electricity."
This knowledge package includes resources related to the production of a data set presenting SDG indicator 7.1.1 for 206 countries and 46,069 administrative level 2 subnational units, computed using global open data sources. Production of the data set was completed in support of the Population and Infrastructure on Our Human Planet project, part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Human Planet Initiative (HPI).
The methodology employed was informed by both Falchetta et al. (2020) and the official UN SDG indicator metadata acquired from the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

Indicator 7.1.1: Proportion of population with access to electricity (version updated 2022-03-31)
Video surveillance robot powered by raspberry pi
Creators: name: Suárez-Armas, J
name: Caballero-Gil, P
name: Caballero-Gil, C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video surveillance systems are increasingly used in different fields, from the domestic to the commercial environment. Current systems are being improved and complemented with new elements and functionalities. This paper proposes the design of a video surveillance robot based on Raspberry Pi with the abilities to perform tasks of motion detection, send video on real time, fire detection and also, the possibility of control it remotely from the Internet. In order to check the information received from the robot, as well as the video sent, a client application has been developed to any device with an Internet connection. In addition to this, in order to protect the information obtained by the robot, a secure system is proposed, which uses different security mechanisms to achieve this goal.
破解黎曼猜想的钥匙 (Decoding Riemann Hypothesis)
Creators: name: 吉祥
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: 黎曼猜想
佛教与科学

description: 即使能证明黎曼猜想,也不等于洞透黎曼猜想的真实涵义,以及其背后的宇宙奥秘。而破解黎曼猜想的真实涵义和其背后的宇宙奥秘,则必然为证明黎曼猜想(严格的数学证明)提供最关键的钥匙。本文以佛教智慧为灯塔,通过引入一些新的数学认知和新的数学工具,破解了黎曼猜想的真实涵义和其背后的宇宙奥秘,进而为证明黎曼猜想提供了这把最关键的钥匙。
description: 本文属于"科学与佛学的对话""系列
Theory of the evolution of magnetic order in Fe$_{1+y}$Te compounds with increasing interstitial iron
Creators: name: Ducatman, Samuel
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
name: Perkins, Natalia B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the influence of the excess of interstitial Fe on the magnetic properties of Fe$_{1+y}$Te compounds. Because in iron chalcogenides the correlations are stronger than in the iron arsenides, we assume in our model that some of the Fe orbitals give rise to localized magnetic moments. These moments interact with each other via exchange interactions as well as phonon-mediated biquadratic interactions that favor a collinear double-stripe state, corresponding to the ordering vectors $\left(\pmπ/2,\pmπ/2\right)$. The remaining Fe orbitals are assumed to be itinerant, giving rise to the first-principle derived Fermi surface displaying nesting features at momenta $\left(π,0\right)/\left(0,π\right)$. Increasing the amount of itinerant electrons due to excess Fe, $y$, leads to changes in the Fermi surface and to the suppression of its nesting properties. As a result, due to the Hund's coupling between the itinerant and localized moments, increasing $y$ leads to modifications in the local moments' exchange interactions via the multi-orbital generalization of the long-range Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. By numerically computing the RKKY corrections and minimizing the resulting effective exchange Hamiltonian, we find, in general, that the excess electrons introduced in the system change the classical magnetic ground state from a double-stripe state to an incommensurate spiral, consistent with the experimental observations. We show that these results can be understood as a result of the suppression of magnetic spectral weight of the itinerant electrons at momenta $\left(π,0\right)/\left(0,π\right)$, combined with the transfer of broad magnetic spectral weight from large to small momenta, promoted by the introduction of excess Fe.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
CRL4A-FBXW5-mediated degradation of DLC1 Rho GTPase-activating protein tumor suppressor promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell growth
Creators: name: Tran, N. L.
name: Bang, Y.-J.
name: Whitsett, T. G.
name: Jackson, S.
name: Kim, T. Y.
name: Weiss, G. J.
name: Xiong, Y.
name: Lobello, J. R.
name: Der, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The DLC1 tumor suppressor gene is commonly lost in cancer by genomic deletion or epigenetic silencing, leading to loss of gene transcription. DLC1 encodes a GTPase-activating protein for the RhoA small GTPase, and DLC1 loss of expression results in aberrant RhoA activation and signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that a subset of non-small cell lung cancer patient tumors and cell lines retained DLC1 mRNA but not protein expression. We determined that the CUL4A–DDB1–FBXW5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is responsible for loss of DLC1 protein expression. Suppression of FBXW5 function restored DLC1-dependent lung cancer cell growth suppression. Our observations identify a mechanism for posttranslational loss of DLC1 function in cancer and substrate for CRL4A-FBXW5–driven cancer growth.
title: Organophosphates in aircraft cabin air
Creators: name: Bradford, Tracy Ellen
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: The quality of aircraft cabin air on commercial aircraft has been the subject of adverse press reports for several years. One of the current issues is the potential for aircraft cabin air to become contaminated with organophosphate compounds. The primary compound causing concern is tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and the related decomposition products. It is believed that the contamination is occurring through the bleed air system supplying air to aircraft cabin. Both military and commercial pilots and cabin crew have reported symptoms such as nausea and blurred vision following smoke and fumes leaking from the jet engines and entering into the aircraft cabin. A number of investigations have suggested that the cause of these symptoms was due to the presence of additives in the engine lubricating oils, but as yet no consensus in the conclusions has been reached. The motivation for this research was to understand the problem, to determine if there was potential for air to become contaminated with organophosphate compounds and if the air was to become contaminated, was there sufficient contaminant to cause adverse health issues for cabin crew and passengers.
This research determines the potential levels of organophosphates present in aircraft cabin air. This work aims to experimentally and numerically investigate particle dispersion in aircraft cabins and the associated health risks. Firstly, experimental analysis was undertaken to determine the concentration of organophosphate, in particular TCP in aircraft engine oil and the levels present after pyrolysis. Secondly, mathematical analysis has been conducted to determine the levels of TCP in an aircraft cabin and the potential levels after several hours flight. Thirdly, numerical simulation has been performed to determine the flow paths of particles of within the aircraft cabin.
Chemical analysis has shown that TCP is present in aircraft engine oil in significant levels which would be available to be absorbed into the human body. The mathematical analysis has shown that high levels of TCP will enter the cabin and that short haul and long-haul flights presented a hazard to health. Numerical simulation has shown there would be significant levels of particles within the aircraft cabin, that could be inhaled by occupants or deposited on surfaces which would then accumulate over time.
This research has shown that there are sufficient levels of TCP contaminating aircraft cabin air to cause health issues and that particles will deposit on surfaces in sufficient quantities to cause health issues.
There are a number of recommendations which could reduce the incidences of fume event occurring such as incorporating filters or changing the type of oil used in engines.
All-nanophotonic NEMS biosensor on a chip
Creators: name: Fedyanin, Dmitry Yu.
name: Stebunov, Yury V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated chemical and biological sensors give advantages in cost, size and weight reduction and open new prospects for parallel monitoring and analysis. Biosensors based on nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are the most attractive candidates for the integrated platform. However, actuation and transduction techniques (e.g. electrostatic, magnetomotive, thermal or piezoelectric) limit their operation to laboratory conditions. All-optical approach gives the possibility to overcome this problem, nevertheless, the existing schemes are either fundamentally macroscopic or excessively complicated and expensive in mass production. Here we propose a novel scheme of extremely compact NEMS biosensor monolithically integrated on a chip with all-nanophotonic transduction and actuation. It consists of the photonic waveguide and the nanobeam cantilever placed above the waveguide, both fabricated in the same CMOS-compatible process. Being in the near field of the strongly confined photonic mode, cantilever is efficiently actuated and its response is directly read out using the same optical waveguide, which results in a very high sensitivity and capability of single-molecule detection even in atmosphere.
Schuld - Verzeihen - Wiedergutmachung
Creators: name: Dankert, Jürgen
name: Kunze, Axel Bernd
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 39 Nr. 5 (2003): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 39, Heft 5
Crossing the divide between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in water oxidation
Creators: name: Vannucci, A. K.
name: Parsons, G. N.
name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Kalanyan, B.
name: Losego, M. D.
name: Alibabaei, L.
name: Concepcion, J. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: An atomic layer deposition (ALD) procedure is described for stabilizing surface binding of a water oxidation catalyst to the surfaces of nanostructured films of indium tin oxide. The catalyst is stabilized on the surface of electrodes by ALD of an overlayer of TiO2. Stabilization of surface binding allows use of basic solutions where a rate enhancement for water oxidation of ∼106 is observed compared with acidic conditions. There are important implications for stabilizing surface-bound molecular assemblies for applications in dye sensitized solar cells, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis.
Determining complete electron flow in the cofactor photoreduction of oxidized photolyase
Creators: name: Liu, Z.
name: Zhong, D.
name: Wang, L.
name: Li, J.
name: Tan, C.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Guo, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The flavin cofactor in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in an oxidized state and should be converted into reduced state(s) for biological functions. Such redox changes can be efficiently achieved by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) through a series of aromatic residues in the enzyme. Here, we report our complete characterization of photoreduction dynamics of photolyase with femtosecond resolution. With various site-directed mutations, we identified all possible electron donors in the enzyme and determined their ET timescales. The excited cofactor behaves as an electron sink to draw electron flow from a series of encircling aromatic molecules in three distinct layers from the active site in the center to the protein surface. The dominant electron flow follows the conserved tryptophan triad in a hopping pathway across the layers with multiple tunneling steps. These ET dynamics occur ultrafast in less than 150 ps and are strongly coupled with local protein and solvent relaxations. The reverse electron flow from the flavin is slow and in the nanosecond range to ensure high reduction efficiency. With 12 experimentally determined elementary ET steps and 6 ET reaction pairs, the enzyme exhibits a distinct reduction–potential gradient along the same aromatic residues with favorable reorganization energies to drive a highly unidirectional electron flow toward the active-site center from the protein surface.
On the coherent behavior of pancreatic beta cell clusters
Creators: name: Loppini, Alessandro
name: Capolupo, Antonio
name: Cherubini, Christian
name: Gizzi, Alessio
name: Bertolaso, Marta
name: Filippi, Simonetta
name: Vitiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Beta cells in pancreas represent an example of coupled biological oscillators which via communication pathways, are able to synchronize their electrical activity, giving rise to pulsatile insulin release. In this work we numerically analyze scale free self-similarity features of membrane voltage signal power density spectrum, through a stochastic dynamical model for beta cells in the islets of Langerhans fine tuned on mouse experimental data. Adopting the algebraic approach of coherent state formalism, we show how coherent molecular domains can arise from proper functional conditions leading to a parallelism with "phase transition" phenomena of field theory.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Planck Constant as Spectral Parameter in Integrable Systems and KZB Equations
Creators: name: Levin, A.
name: Olshanetsky, M.
name: Zotov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct special rational ${\rm gl}_N$ Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard (KZB) equations with $\tilde N$ punctures by deformation of the corresponding quantum ${\rm gl}_N$ rational $R$-matrix. They have two parameters. The limit of the first one brings the model to the ordinary rational KZ equation. Another one is $τ$. At the level of classical mechanics the deformation parameter $τ$ allows to extend the previously obtained modified Gaudin models to the modified Schlesinger systems. Next, we notice that the identities underlying generic (elliptic) KZB equations follow from some additional relations for the properly normalized $R$-matrices. The relations are noncommutative analogues of identities for (scalar) elliptic functions. The simplest one is the unitarity condition. The quadratic (in $R$ matrices) relations are generated by noncommutative Fay identities. In particular, one can derive the quantum Yang-Baxter equations from the Fay identities. The cubic relations provide identities for the KZB equations as well as quadratic relations for the classical $r$-matrices which can be halves of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. At last we discuss the $R$-matrix valued linear problems which provide ${\rm gl}_{\tilde N}$ Calogero-Moser (CM) models and Painleve equations via the above mentioned identities. The role of the spectral parameter plays the Planck constant of the quantum $R$-matrix. When the quantum ${\rm gl}_N$ $R$-matrix is scalar ($N=1$) the linear problem reproduces the Krichever's ansatz for the Lax matrices with spectral parameter for the ${\rm gl}_{\tilde N}$ CM models. The linear problems for the quantum CM models generalize the KZ equations in the same way as the Lax pairs with spectral parameter generalize those without it.
description: 26 pages, minor corrections
VNP46A2 - VIIRS/NPP Gap-Filled Lunar BRDF-Adjusted Nighttime Lights Daily L3 Global 15 arc second Linear Lat Lon Grid
Creators: name: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2023

description: VIIRS/NPP Gap-Filled Lunar BRDF-Adjusted Nighttime Lights Daily L3 Global 15 arc second Linear Lat Lon Grid, also referred to as VNP46A2, is a NASA data product generated from data collected by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day-Night Band (DNB) sensor. The VNP46A2 data product includes seven Science Data Sets (SDS), including DNB BRDF-Corrected NTL, Gap-Filled DNB BRDF-Corrected NTL, DNB Lunar Irradiance, Latest High-Quality Retrieval, Mandatory Quality Flag, Cloud Mask Quality Flag, and Snow Flag. Data is available from 2012 to the present and is packaged in the standard Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS5) format. Validation of the data set was conducted through the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Human Planet Initiatives's Nighttime Product Validation (NPV) task. The VNP46A2 data product is a part of NASA's Black Marble product suite, which supports the use of nightlight data for scientific use.
DOI: 10.5067/VIIRS/VNP46A2.001
Diversity and heritability of the maize rhizosphere microbiome under field conditions
Creators: name: Jin, Z.
name: Buckler, E. S.
name: Koren, O.
name: Tringe, S. G.
name: Peiffer, J. A.
name: Ley, R. E.
name: Dangl, J. L.
name: Spor, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The rhizosphere is a critical interface supporting the exchange of resources between plants and their associated soil environment. Rhizosphere microbial diversity is influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere, some of which are determined by the genetics of the host plant. However, within a plant species, the impact of genetic variation on the composition of the microbiota is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of 27 modern maize inbreds possessing exceptional genetic diversity grown under field conditions. Randomized and replicated plots of the inbreds were planted in five field environments in three states, each with unique soils and management conditions. Using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, we observed substantial variation in bacterial richness, diversity, and relative abundances of taxa between bulk soil and the maize rhizosphere, as well as between fields. The rhizospheres from maize inbreds exhibited both a small but significant proportion of heritable variation in total bacterial diversity across fields, and substantially more heritable variation between replicates of the inbreds within each field. The results of this study should facilitate expanded studies to identify robust heritable plant–microbe interactions at the level of individual polymorphisms by genome wide association, so that plant-microbiome interactions can ultimately be incorporated into plant breeding.
A new seeding technique for the reliable fabrication of large, SmBCO single grains containing silver using top seeded melt growth
Creators: name: Shi, Y-H
name: Dennis, A R
name: Cardwell, D A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silver (Ag) is an established additive for improving the mechanical properties of single grain, (RE)BCO bulk superconductors (where RE = Sm, Gd and Y). The presence of Ag in the (RE)BCO bulk composition, however, typically reduces the melting temperature of the single crystal seed in the top seeded melt growth (TSMG) process, which complicates significantly the controlled nucleation and subsequent epitaxial growth of a single grain, which is essential for high field engineering applications. The reduced reliability of the seeding process in the presence of Ag is particularly acute for the SmBCO system, since the melting temperature of SmBCO is very close to that of the generic NdBCO(MgO) seed. SmBCO has the highest superconducting transition temperature, Tc, and exhibits the most pronounced "peak" effect at higher magnetic field of all materials in the family of (RE)BCO bulk superconductors and, therefore, has the greatest potential for use in practical applications (compared to GdBCO and YBCO, in particular). Development of an effective seeding process, therefore, is one of the major challenges of the TSMG process for the growth of large, high quantity single grain superconductors. In this paper, we report a novel technique that involves introducing a buffer layer between the seed crystal and the precursor pellet, primarily to inhibit the diffusion of Ag from the green body to the seed during melt processing in order to prevent the melting of the seed. The success rate of the seeding process using this technique is 100% for relatively small batch samples. The superconducting properties, Tc, Jc and trapped fields, of the single grains fabricated using the buffers are reported and the micro-structures in the vicinity of the buffer of single grains fabricated by the modified technique are analysed.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Atomistic calculation of the thermoelectric properties of Si nanowires
Creators: name: Bejenari, Igor
name: Kratzer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermoelectric properties of 1.6 nm-thick Si square nanowires with [100] crystalline orientation are calculated over a wide temperature range from 0 K to 1000 K, taking into account atomistic electron-phonon interaction. In our model, the [010] and [001] facets are passivated by hydrogen and there are Si-Si dimers on the nanowire surface. The electronic structure was calculated by using the sp^3 spin-orbit-coupled atomistic second-nearest-neighbor tight-binding model. The phonon dispersion was calculated from a valence force field model of the Brenner type. A scheme for calculating electron-phonon matrix elements from a second-nearest neighbor tight-binding model is presented. Based on Fermi's golden rule, the electron-phonon transition rate was obtained by combining the electron and phonon eigenstates. Both elastic and inelastic scattering processes are taken into consideration. The temperature dependence of transport characteristics was calculated by using a solution of linearized Boltzmann transport equation obtained by means of the iterative Orthomin method. At room temperature, the electron mobility is 195 cm^2/(Vs) and increases with temperature, while a figure-of-mertit ZT=0.38 is reached for n-type doping with a concentration of n=10^19 cm^-3.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Automatic Analysis of Available Source Code of Top Artificial Intelligence Conference Papers
Creators: name: Lin, Jialiang
name: Wang, Yingmin
name: Yu, Yao
name: Zhou, Yu
name: Chen, Yidong
name: Shi, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Source code is essential for researchers to reproduce the methods and replicate the results of artificial intelligence (AI) papers. Some organizations and researchers manually collect AI papers with available source code to contribute to the AI community. However, manual collection is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. To address this issue, we propose a method to automatically identify papers with available source code and extract their source code repository URLs. With this method, we find that 20.5% of regular papers of 10 top AI conferences published from 2010 to 2019 are identified as papers with available source code and that 8.1% of these source code repositories are no longer accessible. We also create the XMU NLP Lab README Dataset, the largest dataset of labeled README files for source code document research. Through this dataset, we have discovered that quite a few README files have no installation instructions or usage tutorials provided. Further, a large-scale comprehensive statistical analysis is made for a general picture of the source code of AI conference papers. The proposed solution can also go beyond AI conference papers to analyze other scientific papers from both journals and conferences to shed light on more domains.
description: Please cite the version of IJSEKE
Dynamic determination of the functional state in photolyase and the implication for cryptochrome
Creators: name: Sancar, A.
name: Tan, C.
name: Li, J.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Zhong, D.
name: Wang, L.
name: Guo, X.
name: Zhang, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor has an unusual bent configuration in photolyase and cryptochrome, and such a folded structure may have a functional role in initial photochemistry. Using femtosecond spectroscopy, we report here our systematic characterization of cyclic intramolecular electron transfer (ET) dynamics between the flavin and adenine moieties of flavin adenine dinucleotide in four redox forms of the oxidized, neutral, and anionic semiquinone, and anionic hydroquinone states. By comparing wild-type and mutant enzymes, we have determined that the excited neutral oxidized and semiquinone states absorb an electron from the adenine moiety in 19 and 135 ps, whereas the excited anionic semiquinone and hydroquinone states donate an electron to the adenine moiety in 12 ps and 2 ns, respectively. All back ET dynamics occur ultrafast within 100 ps. These four ET dynamics dictate that only the anionic hydroquinone flavin can be the functional state in photolyase due to the slower ET dynamics (2 ns) with the adenine moiety and a faster ET dynamics (250 ps) with the substrate, whereas the intervening adenine moiety mediates electron tunneling for repair of damaged DNA. Assuming ET as the universal mechanism for photolyase and cryptochrome, these results imply anionic flavin as the more attractive form of the cofactor in the active state in cryptochrome to induce charge relocation to cause an electrostatic variation in the active site and then lead to a local conformation change to initiate signaling.
The moment $\langle x\rangle_{u-d}$ of the nucleon from $N_f=2$ lattice QCD down to nearly physical quark masses
Creators: name: Bali, Gunnar S.
name: Collins, Sara
name: Gläßle, Benjamin
name: Göckeler, Meinulf
name: Najjar, Johannes
name: Rödl, Rudolf H.
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Schiel, Rainer W.
name: Sternbeck, André
name: Söldner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an update of our analysis [1] which includes additional ensembles at different quark masses, lattice spacings and volumes, all with high statistics. We use $N_f=2$ mass-degenerate quark flavours, employing the non-perturbatively improved clover action. The lattice matrix elements are converted to the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme via renormalization factors determined non-perturbatively in the RI$^\prime$-MOM scheme. We have systematically investigated excited state contributions, in particular, at the smallest, near physical, pion mass. While our results~(with much increased precision) are consistent with Ref.~[1], comparing with previous determinations we find that excited state contributions can be significant if the quark smearing is not suitably optimized, in agreement with other recent studies. The difference with respect to the value for $\langle x\rangle_{u-d}$ extracted from experimental data is reduced but not resolved. Using lattice sizes in the range $L m_π\sim 3.4-6.7$, no significant finite volume effects were observed. Performing a controlled continuum limit that may remove the discrepancy will require simulations at lattice spacings $a< 0.06$ fm.
description: v2, labelling and visibility of figures improved, very minor changes to text
title: Civilian Air Defense of Norfolk, Virginia, During the Second World War
Creators: name: Tonneson, Larry E.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1988

description: This thesis traces the history of the civilian air defense program in Norfolk, Virginia, between October 1941 and December 1943. It evaluates the capability of Norfolk's civilian air defense organization to respond to attacks by the German Luftwaffe and assesses the effectiveness of Norfolk's civilian air defense organization in mobilizing and preparing the public for such attacks. The major source documents for this paper include the Norfolk War History Commission papers and the three community newspapers: The Virginian-Pilot, the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, and the Norfolk Journal and Guide.

Norfolk's civilian air defense organization was unable to maximize the effectiveness of the civilian air defense volunteers and the public to meet the anticipated threat. When public support for air defense was strong at the outset of the war, coordination between federal, state, and military organizations was poor and air defense equipment was unavailable. When coordination improved and equipment became available, public support for civilian air defense activities had disappeared.
title: Providing laypeople with results from dynamic infectious disease modelling studies affects their allocation preference for scarce medical resources—a factorial experiment
Creators: name: Rübsamen, Nicole
name: Voges, Benno Garcia
name: Castell, Stefanie
name: Klett-Tammen, Carolina Judith
name: Oppliger, Jérôme
name: Krütli, Pius
name: Smieszek, Timo
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Karch, André
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Background: Allocation of scarce medical resources can be based on different principles. It has not yet been investigated which allocation schemes are preferred by medical laypeople in a particular situation of medical scarcity like an emerging infectious disease and how the choices are affected by providing information about expected population-level effects of the allocation scheme based on modelling studies. We investigated the potential benefit of strategic communication of infectious disease modelling results. Methods: In a two-way factorial experiment (n = 878 participants), we investigated if prognosis of the disease or information about expected effects on mortality at population-level (based on dynamic infectious disease modelling studies) influenced the choice of preferred allocation schemes for prevention and treatment of an unspecified sexually transmitted infection. A qualitative analysis of the reasons for choosing specific allocation schemes supplements our results. Results: Presence of the factor "information about the population-level effects of the allocation scheme" substantially increased the probability of choosing a resource allocation system that minimized overall harm among the population, while prognosis did not affect allocation choices. The main reasons for choosing an allocation scheme differed among schemes, but did not differ among those who received additional model-based information on expected population-level effects and those who did not. Conclusions: Providing information on the expected population-level effects from dynamic infectious disease modelling studies resulted in a substantially different choice of allocation schemes. This finding supports the importance of incorporating model-based information in decision-making processes and communication strategies.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
Misaligned TeV gamma-ray sources in the vicinity of globular clusters
Creators: name: Bednarek, W.
name: Sobczak, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters (GCs) contain huge number of low mass stars and also large number of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Due to the number of stars, the stellar and MSP winds mix efficiently within the GC. Such mixture of winds leaves GC and interacts with the galactic medium creating a bow shock nebula around GC. The bow shock nebula is filled with relativistic leptons accelerated in the pulsar magnetospheres and/or wind regions. We argue that nebulae around globular clusters, immersed in relatively dense medium close to the galactic plane, should have complicated morphology due to interaction with the surrounding gas. Therefore, TeV $γ$-ray sources, related to these nebulae, are expected to be misaligned in respect to GC cores, as observed in the case of GC Ter 5. On the other hand, GCs in low density medium, i.e. far away from the galactic disk, should produce bow shocks at large distances from the GC cores. The TeV $γ$-ray sources around such nebulae are expected to be almost spherical and centred on the GC cores. We perform numerical calculations of the TeV $γ$-ray emission produced by leptons escaping from the GC Ter 5. It is shown that TeV $γ$-ray source related to Ter 5 should be misaligned in respect to the core of GC as observed by the HESS Collaboration.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Epoxide as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides
Creators: name: Zhang, Z.
name: Luecken, D. J.
name: Pye, H. O. T.
name: Edney, E. O.
name: Piletic, I. R.
name: Sexton, K. G.
name: Surratt, J. D.
name: Bartolotti, L. J.
name: Arashiro, M.
name: Vizuete, W.
name: Gold, A.
name: Cui, T.
name: Xie, Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Budisulistiorini, S. H.
name: Lin, Y.-H.
name: Park, S.
name: Marth, W. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden, with implications for public health and the climate system. The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA is formed and the influence of environmental conditions, however, remain unclear. We present evidence from controlled smog chamber experiments and field measurements that in the presence of high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) typical of urban atmospheres, 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid (methacrylic acid epoxide, MAE) is a precursor to known isoprene-derived SOA tracers, and ultimately to SOA. We propose that MAE arises from decomposition of the OH adduct of methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN). This hypothesis is supported by the similarity of SOA constituents derived from MAE to those from photooxidation of isoprene, methacrolein, and MPAN under high-NOx conditions. Strong support is further derived from computational chemistry calculations and Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulations, yielding predictions consistent with field observations. Field measurements taken in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, considered along with the modeling results indicate the atmospheric significance and relevance of MAE chemistry across the United States, especially in urban areas heavily impacted by isoprene emissions. Identification of MAE implies a major role of atmospheric epoxides in forming SOA from isoprene photooxidation. Updating current atmospheric modeling frameworks with MAE chemistry could improve the way that SOA has been attributed to isoprene based on ambient tracer measurements, and lead to SOA parameterizations that better capture the dependency of yield on NOx.
Data Licensing Guidance
Creators: name: Hanson, Derek
name: Sandalinas, Jordi
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open data
Data Licenses

description: This guidance document is the first work product of the Law and Policy Subgroup, designed to summarize the recommendations of the 2014 report and to provide general guidance on all data shared within GEO. Furthermore, it is designed to be used in specific existing GEO efforts, including: 

To inform an existing license drop-down menu for submissions of data to the GEO Knowledge Hub; 
As part of guidance for implementing the GEO Open Knowledge Statement; 
As part of follow-on guidance to the GEO Data Management Principles Implementation Guidelines.
Production of High-Intensity, Highly Charged Ions
Creators: name: Gammino, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past three decades, the development of nuclear physics facilities for fundamental and applied science purposes has required an increasing current of multicharged ion beams. Multiple ionization implies the formation of dense and energetic plasmas, which, in turn, requires specific plasma trapping configurations. Two types of ion source have been able to produce very high charge states in a reliable and reproducible way: electron beam ion sources (EBIS) and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS). Multiple ionization is also obtained in laser-generated plasmas (laser ion sources (LIS)), where the high-energy electrons and the extremely high electron density allow step-by-step ionization, but the reproducibility is poor. This chapter discusses the atomic physics background at the basis of the production of highly charged ions and describes the scientific and technological features of the most advanced ion sources. Particular attention is paid to ECRIS and the latest developments, since they now represent the most effective and reliable machines for modern accelerators.
description: 42 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Ion Sources, Senec, Slovakia, 29 May - 8 June 2012, edited by R. Bailey
title: Effects of wind, waves, and currents on icebergs and surface floats in the Labrador Sea: a modeling study
Creators: name: Parayil, Jamseena
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Icebergs are major indicators of climate change. In Newfoundland, icebergs attract tourists while simultaneously posing a threat to ships and offshore oil platforms. Research is carried out on a model study of the dynamics of icebergs and surface floats in the Labrador Sea. In this study, the iceberg model is forced with data of wind above the ocean surface, surface waves and ocean currents. The wind and surface wave characteristics are acquired from the hourly ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5), while the ocean current, sea-surface height and sea surface temperature data are from MERCATOR Ocean International daily reanalysis for the year 2008. In the Labrador Sea, for smaller icebergs the primary balance is between the air and water drag, while for larger icebergs it is between three forces: the air and water drag and the combined Coriolis and pressure force. Floats are primarily driven by the Ekman component of surface velocity. Storms passing over the Labrador Sea cause significant variability in the movements of icebergs and floats.