cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equity in the use and financing of medicines in British Columbia before and after the move to income-based pharmacare
Creators: name: Hanley, Gillian Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: In May 2003, the B.C. government introduced an income-based pharmacare program, in which subsidy and private payments for prescription drugs are determined according to household income. Given the limited understanding of the equity implications of this policy, the objectives of my thesis were: to determine the degree of income-related inequity in the use of ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins before and after the introduction of income-based pharmacare in a population of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients; to validate the ability of the Johns Hopkins case-mix adjusters to predict prescription drug expenditures and use, and; to determine the redistributive effect of the move to income-based pharmacare on the overall income distribution in B.C. Methods: Using population-based administrative databases, I identified all AMI patients who survived for at least 120 days after suffering their first AMI between 1999 and 2006. According to their household income level, I examined their odds of initiating on ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins. Among those who initiated I calculated concentration indices for days of therapy on each of these medicines. I validated the use of the ACG case-mix adjusters to predict both expenditures on and use of prescription drugs using generalized linear models and C-statistics. I performed a redistributive analysis to examine whether, and how, income inequality in the province changed as a result of the differences in prescription drug financing after the introduction of income-based pharmacare. Results: My results reveal that higher income men and women were significantly more likely to initiate on treatment with beta-blockers and statins than those in the lowest income quintile. Higher income men were also more likely to initiate on ACE-inhibitors. Concentration indices reveal that high-income AMI patients received significantly more days of therapy on all three medicines than low-income AMI patients. The ACG case mix system was found to have high predictive ability for both prescription drug expenditures and use. I also found that income-based pharmacare had a redistributive effect that resulted in increased income inequality in B.C. Conclusions: My findings suggest that income-based pharmacare, as it was implemented in B.C., does not meet the health equity standards articulated by Canadians.
Evaluating Multi-Omics Data Standard Integration Challenges and Building Solutions
Creators: name: Anderson, Lindsey
name: Van Den Bossche, Tim
name: Papadopoulou, Athina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Multi-Omics
subject: Mass Spectrometry
subject: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
subject: Proteomics/standards
subject: Metabolomics/standards
subject: Lipidomics/standards
subject: Genomics/standards
subject: Metadata/standards
subject: Data Curation/standards

description: During the RDA 23rd Plenary meeting breakout session the RDA Multi-Omics Metadata Standards Integration (MOMSI) Working Group introduced and discussed the first set of completed outputs and deliverable activities (slides 1-16, 75-77). During this session we heard from invited speakers representative of “Multi-omics Data Standard Integration Challenges, Gaps, and Community Use-Case Developments” in alignment with our MOMSI WG work plan outlined in our case statement.

Speaker 1: Tim Van Den Bossche (VIB-UGent, CompOmics) - "Metadata in metaproteomics: integrating MIxS into SDRF-Proteomics" (slides 18-44)

Speaker 2: Bert Droesbeke (VIB Data Core) - "MARS: Multi-omics Adapter for Repository Submissions" (slides 46-61)

Speaker 3: Katherine Heal (PNNL, NMDC) - "Modeling mass spectrometry metadata in the National Microbiome Data Collaborative to enable multi-omic data reusability” (slides 63-74)

Outcomes from this session serve to promote new diverse collaborations and discussions to strengthen ongoing Multi-omics data standard harmonization efforts among community stakeholders to improve educational awareness across Omics disciplines at a global level.
title: The role of radiomics in the response to treatment of bulky lesions due to Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a pediatric 18F-FDG-PET/MR study
Creators: name: Cherobin, Giulia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Segmentation
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: PET-MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), despite its relative low incidence (2.8 per 100,000 people per year), is the most frequent tumor in children and young adults between 15 and 34 years old [1]. Recently, 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission...
Leakage-current lineshapes from inelastic cotunneling in the Pauli spin blockade regime
Creators: name: Coish, W. A.
name: Qassemi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the leakage current through a double quantum dot in the Pauli spin blockade regime accounting for inelastic (spin-flip) cotunneling processes. Taking the energy-dependence of this spin-flip mechanism into account allows for an accurate description of the current as a function of applied magnetic fields, gate voltages, and an inter-dot tunnel coupling. In the presence of an additional local dephasing process or nonuniform magnetic field, we obtain a simple closed-form analytical expression for the leakage current giving the full dependence on an applied magnetic field and energy detuning. This work is important for understanding the nature of leakage, especially in systems where other spin-flip mechanisms (due, e.g., to hyperfine coupling to nuclear spins or spin-orbit coupling) are weak, including silicon and carbon-nanotube or graphene quantum dots.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures; v2: Typos corrected, colorbar added to fig. 7, final version published in Phys. Rev. B
Nasakh Menurut Abu Muslim al-Asfahani
Creators: name: Arifin, Samsul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Islamic studies

description: Dalam tataran teoritis, Imam Syafi’i merupakan pencetus teori Nasakh. Namun eksistensi nasakh, sesungguhnya telah ada pada zaman sahabat. Banyak ahli literatur-literatur klasik yang menunjukkan digunakannya teori ini, namun masih belum sempurna seperti tafsir ibnu abbas, yang mana didalamnya terdapat proses penasakhan antar ayat. Pada perkembangan lebih lanjut, muncul mujaddid ( tokoh pembaharuan) tentang mengemukkan pendapatnya, bahwa nasakh dalam al-Quran perlu di tinjau lagi. Karena al Quran sendiri sudah” memproklamirkan” diri bahwa di dalam al-Quran tidak terdapat satu pun ayat yang batil. Bahkan apabila al-Qur’an bukan dari Allah, Niscaya akan terdapat banyak perselisihan didalamnya. Lebih jelas lagi, ketika Syekh Muhammad Hundari Beik memaparkan jumlah ayat yang bermasalah (baca: kontradiksi) beserta takwilannya, bahkan lebih “nakal” lagi kawan-kawan di JIL (Jaringan Islan Liberal) bahwa adanya nasakh mansukh merupakan bukti ke gagalan Ulama’ tempo dulu dalam menyikapi ayat. Terlepas dari pro dan kontra di atas timbulah pertanyaan apakah al-Quran terjadi nasakh ? Dimanakah letak yang dianggap kontradiksi ? Apa alternatif dari nasakh ?.
title: Регуляторные и личностные ресурсы субъективного благополучия молодых людей в условиях неопределенности
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет
Year: 2023

description: В монографии рассматриваются теоретические и прикладные аспекты проблемы взаимосвязи осознанной саморегуляции и субъективного благополучия; раскрывается влияние кросс-культурных факторов на процесс данной взаимосвязи. Обобщен материал эмпирических исследований психологических предикторов субъективного благополучия у молодых людей пяти этнорегиональных групп; раскрыта специфика психологического сопровождения молодых людей с различным типом достижения субъективного благополучия. Адресована психологам-исследователям, практическим психологам, педагогам, студентам, магистрантам, аспирантам, а также всем тем, кто интересуется вопросами психологии саморегуляции, субъективного благополучия.
Vergleichende immunhistochemische Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Matrixbestandteilen in Schilddrüsenkarzinomen
Creators: name: Halm, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Schilddrüsenkarzinome lassen sich in histologische Typen mit unterschiedlicher Prognose einteilen. Mitunter erschweren jedoch überlappende zytologische und histologische Kriterien die Differentialdiagnose. Schnittpräparate von 30 papillären (PTC), 27 follikulären (FTC) und 25 undifferenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen (UTC) wurden immunhistochemisch untersucht, um für die Diagnose nutzbare Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten. Lokalisation (intra-/extrazellulär) und Verteilung der extrazellulären Matrixbestandteile Tenascin-C (TN), Thrombospondin-1 (TSP), Vitronektin (VN), Osteopontin (OPN) und Keratansulfat (KS) wurden ermittelt. Alle Entitäten exprimierten häufig OPN in den Tumorzellen und TN im Stroma, PTC aber am häufigsten. Im Stroma fand sich TSP signifikant häufiger bei UTC als bei PTC und FTC sowie KS signifikant häufiger bei PTC als bei UTC und FTC. UTC enthielten kein KS im Stroma. Je nach Tumortyp kamen bestimmte Moleküle häufig gleichzeitig vor, z.B. TN und TSP in Tumorzellen von PTC und FTC. Die Immunhistochemie kann zur Differenzierung histologischer Typen des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms beitragen.
description: Thyroid carcinomas can be divided in histological types with different prognosis. However, overlapping histological and cytological criteria sometimes complicate differential diagnosis. In an immunohistochemical study specimens of 30 papillary (PTC), 27 folliculary (FTC) and 25 undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas (UTC) were analyzed in order to find useful differences for diagnosis. Localization (intra-/extracellular) and distribution (focal/diffuse) of the extracellular matrix components tenascin-c (TN), thrombospondin-1 (TSP), vitronectin (VN), osteopontin (OPN) and keratan sulfate (KS) were determined. All entities frequently expressed OPN in tumor cells and TN in stroma, but PTC most frequently. In stroma TSP was found significantly more often in UTC than in PTC and FTC as well as KS significantly more often in PTC than in UTC and FTC. UTC contained no KS in stroma. With respect to tumor type certain molecules frequently appeared simultaneously, e.g. TN and TSP in tumor cells of PTC and FTC. Immunohistochemistry can contribute to differentiation of histological types of thyroid carcinomas.
Young women impacted by forced marriage in Australia: an examination of marriage, gender and harm
Creators: name: VIDAL, LAURA EMILY
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender and crime
Criminology not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis examines young women’s experiences of forced marriage in Australia with a specific focus on understanding the context in which it is attempted or occurs and the ways in which young women navigate forced marriage in their lives. As a criminological examination this thesis suggests that to better understand forced marriage, diverse experiences of and responses to gendered violence are key for realising women’s safety. The findings suggest there is a need to re-consider the legal and policy response in Australia to prioritise what young women say they need – which includes shifting away from criminalising parents and separating families.
Functional analysis of Arabidopsis poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in stress response and seed germination
Creators: name: Rissel, Dagmar
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 630

description: Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerasen (PARPs) sind Zellkernenzyme, die posttranslational ADP-Ribose-Moleküle auf Kernproteine übertragen und damit die DNA-Reparatur aktivieren. Bisher sind die Säuger-PARPs am besten untersucht. Im Arabidopsis-Genom gibt es 3 PARP-Gene. AtPARP1 und AtPARP2 sind ebenfalls an der DNA-Reparatur beteiligt. Zudem werden AtPARPs als Komponenten der pflanzlichen Antwort auf abiotischen und biotischen Stress betrachtet. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt funktionale Ähnlichkeiten zwischen HsPARP1 und AtPARP1 in einem hefebasierten Versuch. Das bisher uncharakterisierte AtPARP3 spielt eine Rolle bei der Samen-Lagerfähigkeit und der Samenkeimung. Überraschenderweise zeigen Einzel-, Doppel- und Dreifach-parp-Mutanten die gleiche Antwort auf abiotischen und biotischen Stress wie der Wildtyp, wogegen die pharmakologische PARP-Hemmung die biotische Stressantwort veränderte. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf zusätzliche oder andere Zielproteine der Inhibitoren hin.
description: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are nuclear enzymes conferring posttranslational addition of ADP-ribose to nuclear proteins leading to the recruitment of the DNA damage repair machinery. PARPs have been studied most extensively in mammalians. The Arabidopsis genome contains 3 PARP genes. As their human counterparts, AtPARP1 and AtPARP2 are involved in DNA damage responses. Additionally, AtPARP proteins have been suggested to be regulatory components of plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. In the present work, functional similarities between HsPARP1 and AtPARP1 are shown in a yeast-based assay. The so far uncharacterized AtPARP3 is shown to be relevant for seed storability and germination. Surprisingly, responses of parp single, double, and triple mutants to abiotic and biotic stresses did not differ from those of the wild type, albeit pharmacological PARP inhibition was able to alter a biotic stress response. The results indicate additional or alternative inhibitor targets.
Transfer Lines of Multi-State Geometric Machines: Modelling, Performance Analysis, and Control
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhigang
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: A serial stage line is a typical pattern in manufacturing systems, but its modelling, analysis, and control during transients remain mostly unexplored. This type of manufacturing system consists of multiple serial stages. In each stage, each of which may have multiple machines, the system allows multiple independent machines to work concurrently. A major problem associated with system scheduling and dynamic capacity planning in serial stage lines is the uncertainty inherent to part delivery services, which may disrupt the original plan and result in higher production costs. Another problem relates to handling a lack of synchronization while coupling the stages into a system. A multi-state geometric machine is employed to describe one-part completion probability for all machines in a stage. The different states enable uncertain processing time to be modelled probatilistic distribution. Within a framework of serial stage lines with multi-state geometric machines and finite virtual buffers, Markov chain models of two- and three-stage transfer lines are proposed to describe the cascade effects of upstream and downstream resources, respectively. Based on the Markov model, a recursion model of the transition matrix is considered to be a state space. A predictive control model is then built to obtain the optimal admission policy for short-term scheduling, which can guide production managers in their decision-making. The proposed methodology is presented through different study cases. This model, combined with empirical studies of historical data, answers decision-making questions like, “How should parts be dynamically scheduled throughout a workday to minimize time-related production costs based on a fixed workload?” and, “If the original plan is interrupted by an emergency order or extraordinary duration processing, how should the rest of a day be rescheduled to minimize time-related cost based on a fixed workload?”
title: Oligoprogressive NSCLC under Immunotherapy – radiological and clinical features
Creators: name: Rheinheimer, Stephan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Management
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Metastases
subject: Outcomes
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Oligoprogressive disease (OPD) is a relatively new concept in oncology denoting tumor progression at only a few sites in patients with otherwise controlled widespread disease. It has been described in several cancers, like non-small cell lung...
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Cement Produced at Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur
Creators: name: Imran, Abdullah
name: Khan, Salman
name: Khan, Muhammad Asif
name: Khalid, Uzair
name: Mehmood, Arsalan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Finding out the impacts on environment was the main goal of this research study during the cement manufacturing process, and to give some suggestions to minimize the effects on the environment during manufacturing process of cement. The industry's administration is responsible for maintenance and conservation of the green spaces within and surrounding the industry. The cement industry must be dedicated to comprehending the effects of its output. Therefore, it must find a way to cut back on substances that have a significant negative influence on the environment. Exponential growth of industrialization and urbanization has led to the issues of pollution. The study's main objective is to inquire into the emission inventory repercussions of toxic substances on soil, water, and air for 1 cement bag produced by cement industry in Hattar Industrial Estate Haripur during 2021-2022. Most of the emissions were from the slate, clay, literate and limestone. The study examines how outputs and inputs for resources, such as raw materials, slate, limestone, clay and literate affects the environment. The research evaluates outputs and inputs for resources, such as raw materials, affect the environment. The primary material slate, limestone, clay and literate accounted for the vast majority of environmental impact categories ' largest contributions, whereas primary materials for a cement manufacture made a key contribution to abiotic depletion, global warming (GWP100), eutrophication potential, photochemical oxidation, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, and marine aquatic eco toxicity impacts
Terahertz active spatial filtering through optically tunable hyperbolic metamaterials
Creators: name: Rizza, Carlo
name: Ciattoni, Alessandro
name: Spinozzi, Elisa
name: Columbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically consider infrared-driven hyperbolic metamaterials able to spatially filtering terahertz radiation. The metamaterial is a slab made of alternating semiconductor and dielectric layers whose homogenized uniaxial response, at terahertz frequencies, shows principal permittivities of different signs. The gap provided by metamaterial hyperbolic dispersion allows the slab to stop spatial frequencies within a bandwidth tunable by changing the infrared radiation intensity. We numerically prove the device functionality by resorting to full wave simulation coupled to the dynamics of charge carries photoexcited by infrared radiation in semiconductor layers.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for publication on Applied Physics Letters
The Crisis of No Crisis: The Post-Recession Blues
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: When the global economic crisis began nine months ago, we were told that this crisis was like no other and would destroy the global financial architecture, and perhaps capitalism itself. It was not uncommon to read about the end of globalization and the likelihood of worldwide political instability because of impending economic doom. Now, according to most of these same pundits, the worst is over and, while the global economy may not be getting better yet, it is at the very least getting worse more slowly.
title: Automatic quantification of body composition at L3 vertebra level with convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Leiner, Tim
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Segmentation
subject: CAD
subject: CT
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Abdomen
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The amount and anatomical distribution of fat and muscle at L3 vertebra level is an important prognostic factor in various diseases[1-3]. Although this information is contained in CT scans, it is hard to quantify in clinical routine because manual...
C, N, O abundances and carbon isotope ratios in evolved stars of the open clusters Collinder 261 and NGC 6253
Creators: name: Mikolaitis, Šarūnas
name: Tautvaišienė, Gražina
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Bragaglia, Angela
name: Carretta, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Investigations of abundances of carbon and nitrogen in the atmospheres of evolved stars of open clusters may provide comprehensive information on chemical composition changes caused by stellar evolution. Aims. Our main aim is to increase the number of open clusters with determined carbon-to nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios. Methods. High-resolution spectra were analysed using a differential model atmosphere method. Abundances of carbon were derived using the C_2 Swan (0,1) band head at 5635.5 Å (FEROS spectra) and the C_2 Swan (1,0) band head at 4737 Å (UVES spectra). The wavelength interval 7980-8130 Å, with strong CN features was analysed to determine nitrogen abundances and 12^C/13^C isotope ratios. The oxygen abundances were determined from the [Oi] line at 6300 Å. Results. The average value of 12^C/13^C isotope ratios of Cr 261 is equal to 18 \pm 2 in four giants and to 12 \pm 1 in two clump stars; it is equal to 16 \pm 1 in four clump stars of the open cluster NGC 6253. The mean C/N ratios in Cr 261 and NGC 6253 are equal to 1.67 \pm 0.06 and 1.37 \pm 0.09, respectively. Conclusions. The 12^C/13^C and C/N values in Cr 261 and NGC 6253 within limits of uncertainties agree with the theoretical model of thermohaline-induced mixing as well as with the cool-bottom processing model
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
title: Measuring the impact of educational inspiration
Creators: name: Sinnatamby, Ruchira
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Professional issues
subject: Breast
subject: Education and training
subject: Prospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: In 2017, the Royal College of Radiologists and the British Society of Breast Radiology commenced jointly funding an annual Visiting Professor to promote education in breast radiology. The Professor is appointed from national competitive application...
Quadrupedal Locomotion-Respiration Entrainment and Metabolic Economy in Cross-Country Skiers
Creators: name: Boldt, Kevin Rudi
name: Killick, Anthony
name: Herzog, Walter
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2016

description: A 1:1 locomotion-respiration entrainment is observed in galloping quadrupeds, and is thought to improve running economy. However, this has not been tested directly in animals, as animals cannot voluntarily disrupt this entrainment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic economy in a human gait involving all four limbs, cross-country skiing, in natural entrainment and forced non-entrainment. Nine elite cross-country skiers roller skied at constant speed using the 2-skate technique. In the first and last conditions, athletes used the natural entrained breathing pattern: inhaling with arm recovery and exhaling with arm propulsion, and in the second condition, the athletes disentrained their breathing pattern. The rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) and metabolic rate (MR) were measured via expired gas analysis. Propulsive forces were measured with instrumented skis and poles. VO2 and MR increased by 4% and 5% respectively when skiers used the disentrained compared with the entrained breathing pattern. There were no differences in ski or pole forces or in timing of the gait cycle between conditions. We conclude that breathing entrainment reduces metabolic cost of cross-country skiing by approximately 4%. Further, this reduction is likely a result of the entrainment rather than alterations in gait mechanics.
title: Comparison of infarct core volume measurements in ischemic cerebral stroke using standard and Bayesian CT-perfusion algorithms
Creators: name: Smit, Ewoud
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Prospective
subject: Acute
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: Neuro
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Estimating the infarct core volumes using CT perfusion (CTP) in acute ischemic stroke is important for selecting patients eligible for intra-arterial thrombectomy who present late presentation at the ER (6-24 hours) [1,2]. In order to apply these...
title: Vier von zehn Zugängen in Altersrente erfolgen mit Abschlägen
title: Massive Einbußen beim Rentenanspruch durch vorzeitigen Renteneintritt bei langzeitarbeitslosen Männern
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brussig, Martin
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf einen Blick...
• Die Inkaufnahme von Rentenabschlägen, die bei einem Renteneintritt vor Erreichen der Regelaltersgrenze eintreten, hat seit ihrer Einführung (1997) zugenommen. Im Jahr 2005 gingen vier von 10 Rentnerinnen und Rentnern mit Abschlägen in Altersrente (42,0%).
• Die Anhebung der Altersgrenzen für den abschlagsfreien Rentenbeginn zwischen 1997 und 2004 war stärker als der Anstieg des durchschnittlichen Rentenzugangsalters im gleichen Zeitraum. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Abschlagsmonate summierte sich im Jahr 2005 auf über drei Jahre (38,9 Monate).
• Ob die Rente abschlagsfrei bezogen wird oder nicht, hängt von der Erwerbsbiographie unmittelbar vor Rentenbeginn ab. Mehr als jede/r Fünfte, der oder die in den drei Jahren vor Rentenbeginn arbeitslos, geringfügig beschäftigt oder dauerhaft krank war, ging zum frühestmöglichen Zeitpunkt und damit mit massiven Einbußen in Rente. Diesen Personen fehlen – verglichen mit durchgängig Erwerbstätigen, die mit 65 Jahren in Rente gehen – rein rechnerisch acht Jahre am Aufbau ihrer Alterssicherung.
• Im Rentenzugangsverhalten spiegeln sich die unterschiedliche Arbeitsmarktlage und unterschiedliche Strukturen der Alterssicherung in Ostdeutschland und  westdeutschland wider: Im Vergleich zu Westdeutschland sind in den neuen Bundesländern bei Arbeitslosen vorgezogene Rentenzugänge häufiger, hingegen arbeiten ostdeutsche Erwerbstätige öfter bis zum Erreichen einer abschlagsfreien Altersgrenze.
• Vor allem in Westdeutschland gibt es Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern beim vorzeitigen Rentenzugang: Männer nehmen häufiger als Frauen die Möglichkeit eines vorzeitigen Rentenzugangs in Anspruch und weisen im Durchschnitt eine höhere Anzahl von Abschlagsmonaten auf.
Localization of Matter Fields in the 5D Standing Wave Braneworld
Creators: name: Gogberashvili, Merab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the localization problem of matter fields within the 5D standing wave braneworld. In this model the brane emits anisotropic waves into the bulk with different amplitudes along different spatial dimensions. We show that in the case of increasing warp factor there exist the pure gravitational localization of all kinds of quantum and classical particles on the brane. For classical particles the anisotropy of the background metric is hidden, brane fields exhibit standard Lorentz symmetry in spite of anisotropic nature of the primordial 5D metric.
description: The version accepted by JHEP
Closed String Tachyon: Inflation and Cosmological Collapse
Creators: name: Escamilla-Rivera, Celia
name: Garcia-Jimenez, Gerardo
name: Loaiza-Brito, Oscar
name: Obregon, Octavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By compactifying a critical bosonic string theory on an internal non-flat space with a constant volume, we study the role played by the closed string tachyon in the cosmology of the effective four-dimensional space-time. The effective tachyon potential consists on a negative constant related to the internal curvature space and a polynomial with only quadratic and quartic terms of the tachyon field. Based on it, we present a solution for the tachyon field and the scale factor, which describes an accelerated universe which expands to a maximum value before collapsing. At early times, the closed string tachyon potential behaves as a cosmological constant driving the Universe to an expansion. The value of the cosmological constant is determined by the curvature of the internal space which also fixes the value of the vacuum energy. As time evolves, inflation is present in our models, and it finishes long before the collapsing. At late times, we show that the collapse of the Universe starts as soon as the tachyon field condensates. We also comment on the consistency of our solution at early times at which quantum aspects become important under the perspective of quantum cosmology. Finally we briefly mention the relation among the curvature of the internal space and the value of the energy vacuum in a non-constant internal volume scenario.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
CIVIL-LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ECOLOGICAL VIOLATIONS AND ITS ASPECTS
Creators: name: Murodov, Bakhodir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article discusses the civil-legal responsibility established for ecological violations and its various aspects. The author explores the current state of ecological violations and their impact on the natural environment. The importance of legal measures and the role of citizens in preserving the environment are emphasized. The article also highlights the need for comprehensive legal frameworks and effective enforcement to address ecological issues.
Lung cancer and COPD among sawfilers and those exposed to endotoxin while working in BC sawmills
Creators: name: Chen, Hanchen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Sawfilers are a sub-group of sawmill workers who repair and maintain saw blades, and are exposed to multiple inhalable occupational hazards some of which were carcinogens or have non-malignant respiratory effects. Sawmill workers in general may be exposed to endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria of the wood. Previous studies across different industries have shown that endotoxin would increase the risk of COPD, but may decrease the risk of lung cancer. The main goal of this thesis was to examine the associations between the two exposures (sawfiling employment and endotoxin) and two diseases (lung cancer and COPD) by using an existing cohort of 25,685 BC sawmill workers. Method: Sawfiling exposure was categorized into ever-exposed and never-exposed groups. For endotoxin, we used a previous endotoxin monitoring study of 216 samples in BC sawmills to build a predictive model through forward-stepwise linear regression, based on which we assigned quantitative endotoxin exposure values and calculated cumulative endotoxin exposure levels. Relative risk of lung cancer (ICD9=162) and COPD (ICD9=490,491,492,496) for each exposure group were assessed using Poisson regression, controlling for age, race, calendar period, and time since first exposure, with workers in lowest exposed category as the reference. Results: A total of 523 cases of lung cancer (follow-up period 01/01/1959 to 12/31/1995) and 120 cases of COPD (follow-up period 01/01/1985 to 12/31/1998) were included in the analysis. With respect to sawfiling, risk of lung cancer (lagged 20 years) and COPD (lagged 5 years) were slightly elevated (RR=1.4, 95% CI=0.9-2.2 and RR=1.3, 95% CI=0.6-2.5, respectively) but neither significantly. Decreased risk of lung cancer was observed among subjects with highest endotoxin exposure (RR=0.8, 95% CI=0.5-1.1), and the dose-response trend was borderline significant (p=0.059). Increased risk of COPD was observed among subjects with highest endotoxin exposure (RR=1.9, 95% CI=1.0-3.7), and the dose-response relationship was again borderline significant (p=0.065). Conclusion: This study provided evidence of a link between cumulative endotoxin exposure and a decreased trend of lung cancer and an increased trend of COPD. However, the association between lung cancer, COPD and sawfiling employment remained unclear.
Assessing the Role of Invasive Lantana ( Lantana camara) in Disrupting the Native Biodiversity of Bangladesh
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Mizanur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)
Forest biodiversity
Conservation and biodiversity

description: The overall objective of the study was to assess the impact of invasive lantana on the forest biodiversity, crops and livestock of Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. It was found that lantana suppressed the natural regeneration of tree species through its competitive superiority over seedlings of native species. As a result, homogeneous and mono-specific invaded understorey in the forests. This invasive species covers created demographic instability among tree species, and reduced tree diversity potentially by changing the structure of the forest. Lantana interferes with agricultural harvesting and reduces the economic viability of certain crops. The soil has a lower capacity to absorb water in dense stands of lantana than in grass cover, increasing run-off and therefore soil erosion. The study recommended an integrated management approach to control biological invasion.
Bäcklund flux-quantization in a model of electrodiffusion based on Painlevé II
Creators: name: Bracken, A. J.
name: Bass, L.
name: Rogers, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A previously-established model of steady one-dimensional two-ion electrodiffusion across a liquid junction is reconsidered. It involves three coupled first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and has the second-order Painlevé II equation at its core. Solutions are now grouped by Bäcklund transformations into infinite sequences, partially labelled by two Bäcklund invariants. Each sequence is characterized by evenly-spaced quantized fluxes of the two ionic species, and hence evenly-spaced quantization of the electric current-density. Finite subsequences of exact solutions are identified, with positive ionic concentrations and quantized fluxes, starting from a solution with zero electric field found by Planck, and suggesting an interpretation as a ground state plus excited states of the system. Positivity of ionic concentrations is established whenever Planck's charge-neutral boundary-conditions apply. Exact solutions are obtained for the electric field and ionic concentrations in well-stirred reservoirs outside each face of the junction, enabling the formulation of more realistic boundary-conditions. In an approximate form, these lead to radiation boundary conditions for Painlevé II. Illustrative numerical solutions are presented, and the problem of establishing compatibility of boundary conditions with the structure of flux-quantizing sequences is discussed.
description: 31 pages, 4 PDF figures (in 9 parts), revised following referees' comments, new references added
title: Adjusting contrast media dose in multiphasic CT of the liver to lean body mass (LBM): A comparison of different LBM formulas.
Creators: name: JANEK, Elmar
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Experimental
subject: Prospective
subject: Biological effects
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: In multiphasic CT of the liver, the contrast media dose is usually adjusted to patients’ body weight in order to generate an adequate parenchymal enhancement. A newer approach is adjustment to the lean body mass (LBM), which is calculated by...
Teachers’ awareness of systemic and individual racial bias as a first step towards anti-racist schools
Creators: name: Forte, Alexandria B.
name: Iruka, Iheoma U.
name: Halberstadt, Amy G.
name: Legette, Kamilah B.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Fostering anti-racism in schools is critical for reducing the racial disparities that exist between White and racially minoritized students. To foster anti-racism schools, teachers' awareness of how racism works at systemic and their individual levels in perpetuating racism in schools are critical features for effecting change. Using open-ended responses, this study explored teachers’ awareness of schools as racialized systems as well as ways teacher complicity perpetuates racist practices. Of the 228 teachers (82% White; 78% female) recruited from five Southern school districts, 52% failed to acknowledge schools as racialized systems and 56% failed to identify any self-complicity in perpetuating racial inequities.
title: Intra-patient quantitative and qualitative image comparison between cartesian and radial acquisition on short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences in breast MRI.
Creators: name: Cosentino, Aurelio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Artifacts
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: MR
subject: MR physics
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a well-established technique for breast examination, a conventional breast MRI investigation usually includes a bright-fluid sequence of both breasts, because these sequences can be useful both in the...
title: An assessment of age-based appropriateness for CT protocols on pediatric patients
Creators: name: Corbet, Coline
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Paediatric

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Monitoring CT radiation exposure to children is particularly important. Indeed, children have a greater risk of developing cancer than adults receiving the same dose, because of their longer life expectancy as well as rapid cell replication and...
title: Survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma assessed by MRI texture analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Zhuo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Gene therapy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common malignant tumor causing cancer death in the world. Survivin is a human gene in inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and associated with a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic...
Appendix/Prisma P
Creators: name: Guellil, Imane
name: Wu, Jinge
name: Pradipta Gema, Aryo
name: Francis, Farah
name: Berrachedi, Yousra
name: Chenni, Nidhaleddine
name: Tobin, Richard
name: Llewellyn, Clare
name: Arakelyan, Stella
name: Wu, Honghan
name: Guthrie, Bruce
name: Alex, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing
classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321402
subject: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

description: This represents the different appendices and the Prisma P file related to our research protocol (for a systematic review). We included the search strategy, rules for including or excluding papers and a set of examples provided with further explanation of why they were included or excluded from this systematic review.
Georgia Needs a Different Path to Democracy
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009

description: As bipartisan supporters of the Republic of Georgia's aspirations to become a fully functioning, Western-oriented democracy, we have followed with dismay the increasingly unproductive "dialogue" attendant to demonstrations against the current regime that began on April 9. Both sides -- government and opposition -- bear responsibility for the resulting rhetorical and political stalemate, which if left unresolved could escalate into violence or instability. We urge an alternative course, one that requires both sides to offer something to the other and to acknowledge that neither side has all the answers.
title: The Difference between Targeted CTs and Routine CTs for predicting the malignancy of pulmonary nodules
Creators: name: TAO, GUANGYU
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Lung
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Chest

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To evaluate the influence on targeted CTs and routine CTs for malignancy prediction of pulmonary nodules with deep learning...
The Two Futures of U.S. China Policy
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: International relations
Asians

description: While in Asia, President Obama focused quite a bit on the U.S. relationship with China. This was wise and reflects the increasingly obvious reality that the U.S.-China relationship is, and almost certainly will remain for many years, our country’s most important bilateral relationship. Moreover, Obama’s Tokyo speech reflected the need for cooperation between the U.S. and  China. “it is important to pursue pragmatic cooperation with China on issues of mutual concern – because no one nation can meet the challenges of the 21st century alone…That is why we welcome China’s efforts to play a greater role on the world stage – a role in which their growing economy is joined by growing responsibility.” The Chinese and U.S. economies are deeply linked in a relationship that is the trade equivalent of being too big to fail. Similarly, nascent rivalries for influence and power around the world cannot be allowed to grow out of control. All of this occurs in the obvious, if downplayed by the administration, context of China as a country with very little political freedom and a record of widespread human rights abuses.
Two close Large Quasar Groups of size ~ 350 Mpc at z ~ 1.2
Creators: name: Clowes, Roger G.
name: Campusano, Luis E.
name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Soechting, Ilona K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Clowes & Campusano (1991) Large Quasar Group (LQG) at = 1.28 has been re-examined using the quasar data from the DR7QSO catalogue of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In the 1991 discovery, the LQG impinged on the northern, southern and eastern limits of the survey. In the DR7QSO data, the western, northern and southern boundaries of the LQG remain essentially the same, but an extension eastwards of \sim 2 deg is indicated. In the DR7QSO data, the LQG has 34 members, with = 1.28. A new group of 38 members is indicated at = 1.11 and within \sim 2.0 deg of the Clowes & Campusano LQG. The characteristic sizes of these two LQGs, \sim 350-400 Mpc, appear to be only marginally consistent with the scale of homogeneity in the concordance cosmology. In addition to their intrinsic interest, these two LQGs provide locations in which to investigate early large-scale structure in galaxies and to identify high-z clusters. A method is presented for assessing the statistical significance and overdensity of groups found by linkage of points.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for MNRAS
An Extreme Pulsar Tail Protruding from the Frying Pan Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Ng, C. -Y.
name: Bucciantini, N.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Bouchard, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Frying Pan (G315.9-0.0) is a radio supernova remnant with a peculiar linear feature (G315.78-0.23) extending 10' radially outward from the rim of the shell. We present radio imaging and polarization observations obtained from the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, confirming G315.78-0.23 as a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by the young pulsar J1437-5959. This is one of the longest pulsar tails observed in radio and it has a physical extent over 20 pc. We found a bow-shock stand-off distance of 0.002 pc, smallest among similar systems, suggesting a large pulsar velocity over 1000 km/s and a high Mach number ~200. The magnetic field geometry inferred from radio polarimetry shows a good alignment with the tail orientation, which could be a result of high flow speed. There are also hints that the postshock wind has a low magnetization and is dominated by electrons and positrons in energy. This study shows that PWNe can offer a powerful probe of their local environment, particularly for the case of a bow shock where the parent supernova shell is also detected.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted by the Astrophysical Journal