cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Family ties: Maternal-offspring attachment and young adult nonmedical prescription opioid use
Creators: name: Cerdá, Magdalena
name: Bordelois, Paula M.
name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Roberts, A. L.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Reisner, S. L.
name: Austin, S. B.
name: Corliss, H. L.
name: Koenen, Karestan C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Opioids
Opioid abuse
Medication abuse
Mother and child
Youth--Drug use

description: Background: Nonmedical prescription drug use is prevalent among young adults, yet little is known about modifiable determinants of use. We examined whether maternal-offspring attachment reported at mean age 21 was associated with nonmedical prescription opioid use at mean age 26, and investigated whether a history of depressive symptoms and substance use played a role in associations between maternal-offspring attachment and nonmedical prescription opioid use. Methods: We used data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of United States adolescents followed into young adulthood. Maternal-offspring attachment was reported by young adults and their mothers, and defined as mutual low, mutual medium or high, and dissonant. Analyses were carried out in the full sample using generalized estimating equation models, and in a sibling subsample, using conditional fixed effects models to control for stable aspects of the family environment. Results: Analyses with the full sample and the sibling subsample both showed that mutual medium/high maternal-offspring attachment at age 21 was associated with lower odds of nonmedical prescription opioid use at age 26 (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.57–0.97 in full sample). The association was partly mediated by mean age 23 offspring smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and illicit drug use. Conclusions: Promoting reciprocal attachment in the maternal-offspring dyad should be investigated as a strategy to prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use by young adulthood. Even in young adulthood, programs that target both parents and offspring may have greater impact on offspring substance use than programs that target offspring alone.
title: Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council as facilitator between science, industry and policy
Creators: name: Aps, R.
name: Lassen, H.
name: Liiv, I.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Paper explores the performance of the Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council (BS RAC) as a boundary organization producing recommendations to the EU Commission on fisheries issues under the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The boundary work of the BS RAC in balancing of stakeholder’s interests in transformation of science-based advice into agreed management recommendations is considered to be an important element in setting the Baltic Sea TACs. Intended role of the BS RAC is to serve as negotiator between international scientific communities (ICES) and users of scientific and technical advice (fishing industry, decision makers). BS RAC acts also as facilitator of dialogue between fishing industry, scientists and decision makers to encourage research agendas that reflect the interests and needs of fishing industry. BS RAC acts as translator of scientific information produced by ICES, putting general findings into fishery-specific practical language. Today, the BS RAC is entering a period of difficult change during which it has to focus on the questions: is the failure of EU CFP rooted in MSY as inappropriate management objective, and is it necessary to change for MEY as a principle for stock management in the future CFP? It is necessary also to define the Baltic fisheries as a spatial resource with aim to secure the fishing industry’s interests in the context of the coming age of Marine Spatial Planning.
The Construction and Criminalization of Disability in School Incarceration
Creators: name: Nanda, Jyoti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Discrimination in education
subject: Children with disabilities--Education
subject: Minority youth
subject: Juvenile justice, Administration of

description: This Article explores how race functions to ascribe and criminalize disability. It posits that for White students in wealthy schools, disabilities or perceived disabilities are often viewed as medical conditions and treated with care and resources. For students of color, however, the construction of disability (if it exists) may be a criminalized condition that is treated as warranting punishment and segregated classrooms, possibly leading to juvenile justice system involvement. Providing a review of the K-12 disability legal regimes, this Article maps how the process of identifying a student with a disability happens in a hypercriminalized school setting. The Article argues that the school itself contributes to the construction and criminalization of disability and that the attribution of disability is a product of the subjectivity built into the law, heavily surveilled school environments, and biases held by teachers and administrators. For students of color, instead of a designation that attracts more resources, disability is one of the mechanisms through which they are criminalized. This Article culminates with a call for scholars and practitioners to understand the web that exists in the construction and criminalization of disabilities for Black and Latinx children and the role that schools and school actors play in this process.
Collusive oligopolistic politics : sedo and the political structure of early-nineteenth-century Chosŏn Korea
Creators: name: Eom, Tae Yeon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In contemporary Korean historiography, the reign periods of King Sunjo (r. 1800-1834), King Hŏnjong (r.1834-1849), and King Ch’ŏlchong (r. 1849-1863) are generally called “The Era of Sedo Politics” in Chosŏn Korea (1392-1910). In contemporary Korean historiography, the political theme of sedo predominated after the death of King Chŏngjo (r. 1776-1800), when national politics was exclusively led by a few powerful royal in-law families, most notably the Andong Kim and P’ungyang Cho clans, for sixty-three years. Obviously, those two major clans enjoyed extensive political authority and high social status in the nineteenth century. However, the negative images and common misconceptions in previous research on sedo politics have prevented scholars from understanding the period of sedo politics from a balanced angle and driven them to emphasize its unique features too much. This thesis rather paints the mainstream view of the political history of late Chosŏn Korea with a different brush. Starting off with a discussion of the definition and origin of the historical terminology sedo (世道 or 勢道), this paper questions more deeply the structure of sedo politics and re-examines previous research on characterizations of sedo politics. In addition, based on some statistical data and extensive research in genealogy records, this thesis will identify many points that cannot be illustrated or that are only partially explored in existing literature in the context of the 1800 to 1863 era of sedo politics. Through this re-examination, this research project will contribute to enlarging the vision of the political history of Korea in the first half of the nineteenth century, which has not been a major research topic among political historians of Korea, who have mainly dealt with struggles and conflicts for political power among various historical agents.
title: Holistic evaluation of management policies: What are the consequences of modified gear use on Georges Bank?
Creators: name: Dankel, Dorothy J.
name: Jacobson, Nikki
name: Georgianna, Dan
name: Cadrin, Steven X.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Georges Bank haddock is a recently recovered fish stock in the New England groundfish fishery. Due to federal constraints under the Magnuson-Steven Act, however, this stock cannot be optimally exploited due to the bycatch of other critical species in the New England groundfishery such as cod and yellowtail flounder which are overfished. The Ruhle trawl and Separator trawl are examples of recent advances in gear technology that have been shown to significantly increase haddock to bycatch ratios. This study models the groundfish fishery through a mixed stock yield model which incorporates technological interactions. We also develop a socio-economic model that quantifies the amount of employment and producer surplus associated with three trawl types. Our results explore policy situations regarding the use of the new trawls. By bridging the biological and socio-economic models, we are able to view the fishery as a system that more accurately represents stakeholder views. Our model shows that each trawl, when used exclusively, produces different optimum strategies and therefore an optimum management strategy would most likely include a combination of trawl types. Our results also support the logic of using modified trawls for haddock fishing trips in which bycatch is strictly regulated as the Ruhle trawl is able to maintain 80% of catches caught by a conventional trawl while reducing bycatch up to over 60%. This paper is a first step towards an aid for policy makers to examine fishery gear trade-offs and the resulting biological and socio-economic consequences of different management actions within the constraints of the Magnuson-Stevens Act.
title: Efficacy of supply chain relationships – differences in performance appraisals between buyers and suppliers
Creators: name: Qian, Chen
name: Dion, Paul A.
name: Wagner, Ralf
name: Seuring, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: supply chain relationship
subject: relationship quality
subject: buyer performance
subject: supplier performance
subject: buyer-supplier difference
subject: 330
subject: Supply Chain Management
subject: Beziehungsmanagement
subject: Zulieferer
subject: Abnehmer

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Russian Election Interference and Race-Baiting
Creators: name: Johnson, Darin E.W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: National security
subject: Presidents--Election
subject: Racism--Political aspects
subject: Elections--Corrupt practices

description: Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election exposed the nation’s vulnerability to targeted campaign disruption by foreign intelligence actors through social media. The Russian cyber disinformation campaign exploited racial divisions in the United States to undermine public confidence in American electoral processes and institutions, revealing how those divisions can be weaponized. The campaign fed on racial divisions arising from institutionalized state practices that have a disparate discriminatory effect on racial minorities. Successful in their online interference in 2016, Russian operatives continued to stoke these divisions in the 2018 midterm election and have begun to do so in the 2020 presidential election campaign. Russia will continue to stir racial division in future elections, and other states may follow suit. To combat this threat, reframing the manner in which national security institutions address matters of race is necessary. This Article advocates that national security institutions adopt an explicit “racism as national security threat” framework in place of the implicit “minority race as threat” framework that has previously shaped national security institutions’ behavior. It traces how a minority race as threat framework has historically guided national security institutional action in significant ways. Further, it elucidates how a racism as national security threat framework promotes American antidiscrimination law and international human rights law, and how the strategic retrenchment of policies, programs, and practices that engender racial discrimination will reduce American vulnerability to foreign exploitation. Ultimately, this Article seeks to popularize the understanding that racism subverts American national security, and frame the curtailment of institutionalized racism as a national security priority of the United States.
Algebraic structure of stochastic expansions and efficient simulation
Creators: name: Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
name: Lundervold, Alexander
name: Malham, Simon J. A.
name: Munthe-Kaas, Hans
name: Wiese, Anke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the algebraic structure underlying the stochastic Taylor solution expansion for stochastic differential systems.Our motivation is to construct efficient integrators. These are approximations that generate strong numerical integration schemes that are more accurate than the corresponding stochastic Taylor approximation, independent of the governing vector fields and to all orders. The sinhlog integrator introduced by Malham & Wiese (2009) is one example. Herein we: show that the natural context to study stochastic integrators and their properties is the convolution shuffle algebra of endomorphisms; establish a new whole class of efficient integrators; and then prove that, within this class, the sinhlog integrator generates the optimal efficient stochastic integrator at all orders.
description: 19 pages
Additional file 1 of Potential value of gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity in the diagnosis of anxiety-depression disorder: a population-based study
Creators: name: Li, Baichuan
name: Peng, Anjiao
name: Yang, Danxuan
name: Yang, Na
name: Zhao, Xia
name: Feng, Peimin
name: Wang, Zhenlei
name: Chen, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1 Table 1
Examining potential school contextual influences on gambling among high school youth
Creators: name: Lee, Grace P.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Pas, Elise T.
name: Bradshaw, Catherine P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Compulsive gambling
Epidemiology
Gambling
High school students

description: Background and Objectives: Gambling is an increasing concern among adolescence, yet there has been limited investigation into school-level factors that may increase the risk for gambling. The current study examined the relationship between substance use and gambling, and explored the influence of school context on adolescent gambling. Methods: Data come from 25,456 students in 58 high schools participating in the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Initiative. Youth-reports of socio-demographics, lifetime gambling, and past-month substance use (ie, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, non-medical prescription drug) were collected. School-level characteristics were student suspension rate, student mobility, percentage of students receiving free/reduce-priced meals, percentage of African American students, urbanicity, gambling prevalence, gambling problem prevalence, and substance use prevalence. Weighted multilevel analyses were conducted. Results: One-third (n = 8,318) reported lifetime gambling, and 10% (n = 2,580) of the full sample, or 31% of the gamblers, experienced gambling problems. Being male and alcohol, marijuana, and non-medical prescription drug use were associated with twice the odds of gambling. Among gamblers, being male, African American, and cigarette, marijuana, and non-medical prescription drug use were associated with higher odds of gambling problems. The school-level factors of suspension rate and percentage of African American had minimal, inverse associations with gambling; however, none were related to gambling problems. Conclusions: Multilevel results indicated that adolescents that are male and use substances are more likely to gamble and have gambling problems. Scientific Significance: The findings indicate a need for prevention programs targeting risky behaviors to also target gambling as such behaviors often co-occur among adolescents.
Dynamical and Thermodynamic Elements of Modeled Climate Change at the East African Margin of Convection
Creators: name: Giannini, Alessandra
name: Lyon, Bradfield
name: Seager, Richard
name: Vigaud, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Precipitation forecasting

description: We propose a dynamical interpretation of model projections for an end-of-century wetting in equatorial East Africa. In the current generation of global climate models, increased atmospheric moisture content associated with warming is not the dominant process explaining the increase in rainfall, as the regional circulation is only weakly convergent even during the rainy seasons. Instead, projected wetter future conditions are generally consistent with the El Niño-like trend in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures in climate models. In addition, a weakening in moisture convergence over the adjacent Congo Basin and Maritime Continent cores of convection results in the weakening of near-surface winds, which increases moisture advection from the Congo Basin core toward the East African margin. Overall confidence in the projections is limited by the significant biases in simulation of the regional climatology and disagreement between observed and modeled tropical Pacific sea surface temperature trends to date.
Quantum turbulent velocity statistics and quasiclassical limit
Creators: name: Baggaley, A. W.
name: Barenghi, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two research groups have measured turbulent velocity statistics in superfluid helium using different techniques. The results were in conflict: one experiment revealed Gaussian distributions(as observed in ordinary turbulence), the other experiment determined power-laws. To solve the apparent puzzle, we numerically model quantum turbulence as a tangle of vortex filaments, and conclude that there is no contradiction between the two experiments. The transition from Gaussian to power-law arises from the different length scales which are probed using the two techniques. We find that the average distance between the quantum vortices marks the separation between quantum and quasi-classical length scales.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Deed from Isaac Barns to his son, Isaac Barns, 1728
Creators: name: Barns, Isaac
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1728
Subjects: Deeds
Documents
Document signings
East Hampton
Land titles

description: This deed from Isaac Barns presents his son, Isaac Barns with land. The deed was found in Little Rock, Arkansas at an auction or estate sale. It was gifted to The Long Island Collection by Stephen Mills and Lawrence Dearmon.
Lifshitz-point correlation length exponents from the large-n expansion
Creators: name: Shpot, M. A.
name: Pis'mak, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-n expansion is applied to the calculation of thermal critical exponents describing the critical behavior of spatially anisotropic d-dimensional systems at m-axial Lifshitz points. We derive the leading nontrivial 1/n correction for the perpendicular correlation-length exponent nu_{L2} and hence several related thermal exponents to order O(1/n). The results are consistent with known large-n expansions for d-dimensional critical points and isotropic Lifshitz points, as well as with the second-order epsilon expansion about the upper critical dimension d^*=4+m/2 for generic m\in[0,d]. Analytical results are given for the special case d=4, m=1. For uniaxial Lifshitz points in three dimensions, 1/n coefficients are calculated numerically. The estimates of critical exponents at d=3, m=1 and n=3 are discussed.
description: 27 pages, submitted to Nucl. Phys. B. V2 - journal version with an extended introduction containing a short review of both Lifshitz-point and Lorentz-violating theories
Is It Recording?—Racial Bias, Police Accountability, and the Body-Worn Camera Activation Policies of the Ten Largest Metropolitan Police Departments in the USA
Creators: name: Murphy, Julian R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Racism
subject: Police misconduct--Law and legislation
subject: Wearable video devices
subject: Public policy (Law)

description: In recent years, there has been a growing belief that the pressing problem of racial bias in policing might be ameliorated by a technical fix—namely, police body-worn cameras. Accordingly, body-worn cameras have been introduced in police departments across the country, giving rise to a variety of different internal guidelines and policies. This Note surveys the body-worn camera policies of the ten largest metropolitan police departments in the United States in order to assess their relative effectiveness at combatting racial bias. Particular attention is paid to “activation” requirements, which specify the sorts of events police officers are required to record on their cameras. The survey shows that, at present, many body-worn camera policies are not appropriately calibrated to successfully reduce racial bias in policing. In particular, this Note suggests that many current body-worn camera policies do not adequately target two different strains of racial bias: implicit racial bias and deliberate racial profiling. This Note concludes by offering a draft activation policy for potential adoption by police departments to better use body-worn cameras to reduce racially biased police practices.
title: Fleet spatial dynamics in Portuguese fish trawlers - modelling the individual decision to return to previous fishing grounds areas
Creators: name: Mendes, Beatriz
name: Campos, Aida
name: Fonseca, Paulo
name: Afonso-Dias, Manuel
name: Pilar-Fonseca, Tereza
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The adequate management of fisheries, including the implementation of stock recovery plans and regionalisation of scientific advice, requires a good understanding of fleet spatial dynamics and the analysis of fishermen behaviour. Within this study, the individual decision by fishermen to return to the fishing ground of the previous trip was modelled for a number of vessels engaged in the Portuguese coastal trawl fishery, using econometric discrete choice models. For this purpose, geo-referenced information of a total of 1356 fishing trips was extracted from Portuguese vessel monitoring system (VMS) data and collated with commercial landings (by species, in weight and value) using GeoCrust 2.0 software. The results evidenced that tactic decisions are a consequence of a trade-off between landing revenues and associated costs. Fleet spatial distribution was found to be heavily dependent on the fishermen’s expectations about catches (and therefore on profits) for the main target species, horse mackerel and cephalopods. Distance to fishing grounds, an indicator of overall fuel consumption, was also found to be an important covariate when modelling the decision to return to previous fishing grounds. The models employed were found to adequately describe the fishing activity, with the proportion of successfully predicted choices ranging from 0.66 to almost 0.95 according to the different datasets, as was the case of vessels targeting cephalopods. This suggests a higher commitment of these vessels towards the target species and, consequently, to their fishing grounds
Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in Brazilian nightclubs
Creators: name: Carlini, Claudia
name: Andreoni, Solange
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Benjamin, Miguel
name: Sanudo, Adriana
name: Sanchez, Zila M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Binge drinking
Alcoholism
Nightclubs

description: Introduction: Few studies have investigated the association between environmental factors and patrons' binge drinking in nightclubs, and such studies are rare in developing countries. Objective: To identify environmental factors associated with binge drinking among patrons in nightclubs in São Paulo, Brazil, using a mixed-methods design. Method: The study used a two-stage cluster sampling survey design. Two levels of data were collected: observational data and portal survey data. Individual-level data were collected by a portal survey of 2422 subjects at the entrance and 1822 subjects at the exit of 31 nightclubs. Weighted multilevel analysis was used to investigate the association between patrons' binge drinking (as measured by breath alcohol concentration ≥0.38 mg L−1) at nightclub exit, with environmental-level variables collected through observation and controlled for individual-level data. Results: Pre-drinking was the variable most strongly associated with binge drinking BrAC levels when exiting the venue [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.37, 8.17], P
Collisions between Gravity-Dominated Bodies: 2. The Diversity of Impact Outcomes during the End Stage of Planet Formation
Creators: name: Stewart, S. T.
name: Leinhardt, Z. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of the stochastic end stage of planet formation typically begin with a population of embryos and planetesimals that grow into planets by merging. We analyzed the impact parameters of collisions leading to the growth of terrestrial planets from recent $N$-body simulations that assumed perfect merging and calculated more realistic outcomes using a new analytic collision physics model. We find that collision outcomes are diverse and span all possible regimes: hit-and-run, merging, partial accretion, partial erosion, and catastrophic disruption. The primary outcomes of giant impacts between planetary embryos are approximately evenly split between partial accretion, graze-and-merge, and hit-and-run events. To explore the cumulative effects of more realistic collision outcomes, we modeled the growth of individual planets with a Monte Carlo technique using the distribution of impact parameters from $N$-body simulations. We find that fewer planets reached masses $>0.7 M_{\rm Earth}$ using the collision physics model compared to simulations that assumed every collision results in perfect merging. For final planets with masses $>0.7 M_{\rm Earth}$, 60% are enriched in their core-to-mantle mass fraction by >10% compared to the initial embryo composition. Fragmentation during planet formation produces significant debris ($\sim15$% of the final mass) and occurs primarily by erosion of the smaller body in partial accretion and hit-and-run events. In partial accretion events, the target body grows by preferentially accreting the iron core of the projectile and the escaping fragments are derived primarily from the silicate mantles of both bodies. Thus, the bulk composition of a planet can evolve via stochastic giant impacts.
description: Accepted version of manuscript
The Outcome of the ArtFrame Project, a Domain-Specific BIBFRAME Exploration
Creators: name: Billey, Amber M.
name: L’Ecuyer-Coelho, Marie-Chantal
name: Kovari, Jason
name: Wacker, Melanie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: BIBFRAME (Conceptual model)
Cataloging of art
Metadata--Standards

description: The presentation consists of three parts. Jason Kovari’s presentation examines the larger context of the various domain-specific explorations of BIBFRAME extension development, with particular focus on the overlap between art works and rare materials held in libraries. Melanie Wacker and Amber Billey then discuss the specifics of the ARTFRAME project including its initial goals, timeline, community outreach, outcome, as well as tools used and lessons learned throughout the project. Finally, Marie-Chantal L’Ecuyer-Coelho explores the contributions of ARLIS/NA's CAC as a community partner to the ARTFRAME project, highlighting its role in the process of delineating the requirements of art descriptive metadata, and developing an ontology extension suited to the specific characteristics of art objects.
title: Scientists as facilitators: An objective technique to illustrate a zone of stakeholder consensus
Creators: name: Dankel, Dorothy Jane
name: Heino, Mikko
name: Dieckmann, Ulf
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The inherent conflicts between objectives in fisheries management (e.g. yield maximization vs. conservation interests) often create problems for managers, scientists and stakeholders. However, some seemingly contrasting objectives may be compatible (e.g. economic yield and ecosystem preservation) and could promote stakeholder consensus. Formalized scientific facilitation through the framework we present here aids stakeholders in objectivesetting and managers in the policy-making process. The purpose of this study is to outline a quantitative approach to defining fisheries management objectives through stakeholderspecific utility functions. To achieve this, we link a biological model with a socio-economic model, both calibrated for a capelin fishery and a cod fishery. Second, we define multiple objectives in a quantified utility function for each stakeholder group. Finally, we conduct simulations that calculated the resulting stakeholder groups’ utility for different levels of harvest and minimum sizes. Our results illustrate that low harvest rates and minimum-size regulations that select for bigger fish represent a management consensus zone among five modeled stakeholders. We put forward a new technique of scientific facilitation through quantification of bio-socio-economic objectives leading to sustainable resource use through stakeholder consensus.
Subseasonal Predictability of Boreal Summer Monsoon Rainfall from Ensemble Forecasts
Creators: name: Vigaud, Nicolas
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Tippett, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Long-range weather forecasting
Long-range weather forecasting--Mathematical models
Monsoons--Forecasting

description: Subseasonal forecast skill over the broadly defined North American (NAM), West African (WAM) and Asian (AM) summer monsoon regions is investigated using three Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS) at sub-monthly lead times. Extended Logistic Regression (ELR) is used to produce probabilistic forecasts of weekly and week 3–4 averages of precipitation with starts in May–Aug, over the 1999–2010 period. The ELR tercile category probabilities for each model gridpoint are then averaged together with equal weight. The resulting Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) forecasts exhibit good reliability, but have generally low sharpness for forecasts beyond 1 week; Multi-model ensembling largely removes negative values of the Ranked Probability Skill Score (RPSS) seen in individual forecasts, and broadly improves the skill obtained in any of the three individual models except for the AM. The MME week 3–4 forecasts have generally higher RPSS and comparable reliability over all monsoon regions, compared to week 3 or week 4 forecast separately. Skill is higher during La Niña compared to El Niño and ENSO-neutral conditions over the 1999–2010 period, especially for the NAM. Regionally averaged RPSS is significantly correlated with the Maden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) for the AM and WAM. Our results indicate potential for skillful predictions at subseasonal time-scales over the three summer monsoon regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Potentiating Loopholes: How Erratic and Piecemeal Implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention Has Failed to Protect Cultural Antiquities
Creators: name: Kuzma, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Cultural property--Protection--Law and legislation
subject: Treaties
subject: International law

description: Despite centuries-old international concerns, American protection of international cultural antiquities is a relatively recent phenomenon. For example, the United States joined a 1954 multilateral treaty on the protection of cultural antiquities only once the treaty had become binding international customary law, and thus likely binding on the United States nonetheless. The United States has been reticent to join many of the major treaties that protect cultural antiquities, and its adoption of these treaties remains piecemeal and inconsistently enforced. There are loopholes in the present international system that continue to permit looting and pillaging to take place worldwide. In this Note, I posit that the current implementation scheme of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership and Cultural Property (1970 UNESCO Convention), both in the United States and in other countries, creates these loopholes, which in turn render the entire system ineffectual. Despite the many attempts at creating broad, multilateral conventions to globally protect cultural antiquities, the United States is only party to two sections of the 1970 UNESCO Convention,9 and it only joined the 1954 Hague Convention in 2009. Additionally, joining the 1954 Hague Convention was merely a formality for the United States because several provisions had already become customary international law and were thus binding on the United States nonetheless.10 As I will show below, the United States’ failure to fully adopt international law on the protection of cultural antiquities hinders the judiciary, as well as our fellow signatories to the 1970 UNESCO Convention, in protecting international cultural antiquities.
Identification of essential metabolites in metabolite networks
Creators: name: Long, Cai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Metabolite essentiality is an important topic in systems biology and as such there has been increased focus on their prediction in metabolic networks. Specifically, two related questions have become the focus of this field: how do we decrease the amount of gene knock-out workloads and is it possible to predict essential metabolites in different growth conditions? Two different approaches to these questions: interaction-based method and constraints-based method, are conducted in this study to gain in depth understanding of metabolite essentiality in complex metabolic networks. In the interaction-based approach, the correlations between metabolite essentiality and the metabolite network topology are studied. With the idea of predicting essential metabolites, the topological properties of the metabolite network are studied for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis model. It is found that there is strong correlation between metabolite essentiality and the degree and the number of shortest paths through the metabolite. Welch’s two sample T-test is performed to help identify the statistical significance of the differences between groups of essential metabolites and non-essential metabolites. In the constraint-based approach, essential metabolites are identified in-silico. Flux Balance Analysis (known as FBA), is implemented with the most advanced in-silico model of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, which contains light usage information in 3 different growth environments: autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic. Essential metabolites are predicted by metabolite knock out analysis, which is to set the flux of a certain metabolite to zero, and categorized into 3 types through Flux Sum Analysis. The basal flux-sum for metabolites is found to follow a exponential distribution, it is also found that essential metabolites tend to have larger basal flux-sum.
Heavy Fermion superconductor CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ under high pressure: multiprobing the valence crossover
Creators: name: Seyfarth, G.
name: Rüetschi, A. -S.
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Georges, A.
name: Watanabe, S.
name: Miyake, K.
name: Jaccard, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first heavy fermion superconductor CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ has not revealed all its striking mysteries yet. At high pressures, superconductivity is supposed to be mediated by valence fluctuations, in contrast to ambient pressure, where spin fluctuations most likely act as pairing glue. We have carried out a multiprobe (electric transport, thermopower, ac specific heat, Hall and Nernst effects) experiment up to $7 \text{GPa}$ on a high quality CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ single crystal. Reliable resistivity data reveal for the first time a scaling behavior close to the supposed valence transition, and allow to locate the critical end point at $4.5\pm0.2 \text{GPa}$ and a slightly negative temperature. In the same pressure region, remarkable features have also been detected in the other physical properties, acting as further signatures of the Ce valence crossover and the associated critical fluctuations.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Patterns of concurrent substance use among nonmedical ADHD stimulant users: Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Creators: name: Chen, Lian-Yu
name: Crum, Rosa M.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Kaufmann, Christopher N.
name: Strain, Eric C.
name: Mojtabai, Ramin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--Treatment
Medication abuse
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology

description: Aims: To examine patterns of concurrent substance use among adults with nonmedical ADHD stimulant use. Methods: We used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of past-year problematic substance use (meeting any criteria for abuse or dependence) in a sample of 6103 adult participants from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health 2006–2011 who reported past-year nonmedical use of ADHD stimulants. Multivariable latent regression was used to assess the association of socio-demographic characteristics, mental health and behavioral problems with the latent classes. Results: A four-class model had the best model fit, including (1) participants with low probabilities for any problematic substance use (Low substance class, 53.3%); (2) problematic users of all types of prescription drugs (Prescription drug class, 13.3%); (3) participants with high probabilities of problematic alcohol and marijuana use (Alcohol–marijuana class, 28.8%); and (4) those with high probabilities of problematic use of multiple drugs and alcohol (Multiple substance class, 4.6%). Participants in the 4 classes had distinct socio-demographic, mental health and service use profiles with those in the Multiple substance class being more likely to report mental health and behavioral problems and service use. Conclusion: Nonmedical users of ADHD stimulants are a heterogeneous group with a large subgroup with low prevalence of problematic use of other substances. These subgroups have distinct patterns of mental health comorbidity, behavior problems and service use, with implications for prevention and treatment of nonmedical stimulant use.
The 21cm radiation from minihalos as a probe of small primordial non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Chongchitnan, Sirichai
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new probe of primordial non-Gaussianity via the 21cm radiation from minihalos at high redshifts. We calculate the fluctuations in the brightness temperature (measured against the cosmic microwave background) of the 21cm background from minihalos containing HI at redshift \sim 6-20, and find a significant enhancement due to small non-Gaussianity with amplitude f_NL \leq 1. This enhancement can be attributed to the nonlinear bias which is strongly increased in the presence of non-Gaussianity. We show that our results are robust against changes in the assumed mass function and some physical aspects of minihalo formation, but are nevertheless sensitive to the presence of strong radiation sources within or around the minihalos. Our findings are relevant for constraining and searching for small primordial non-Gaussianity with upcoming radio telescopes such as LOFAR and SKA.
description: 5 pages. Much improved version. Accepted by MNRAS-Letters
STATE TERRORISM AND ITS SPONSOR: THE ISRAELI WAR IN THE GAZA STRIP
Creators: name: Oluyemi Opeoluwa, Adisa (PhD).
Publisher: name: ZAP JOURNALS
Year: 2025
Subjects: State terrorism, Terrorism, Gaza Strip, Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS), Orthodox terrorism

description: One of the identified weaknesses of orthodox/traditional terrorism by the Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) is that, it has limited the perpetrators of terrorist acts to non-state actors. CTS argues that there is no deontological reason which precludes an actor, state or non-state from engaging in acts of terrorism as part of a broader political strategy; therefore, state terrorism is more of devastating eventuality as terrorism itself. The human rights implications of Hamas attacks against the state of Israel and her civilians on the 7th of October, 2023 are conventionally considered as terrorist attacks and consequently, this research argues that the consequential outcomes of Israeli reprisal attacks in Gaza are also nothing short of criminalized terrorist attacks (state terrorism) within the broader theoretical propositions of CTS. Based mainly on secondary data and qualitative research methods, this research classifies the gruesome human rights violations that emanated from Israeli reprisal attacks in Gaza as a crime of state terrorism, and the various military assistance of the U.S to aid the Israeli war in Gaza put the United States in the position of a sponsor of state terrorism
NOMINALIZATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL GENRES: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Kazemian, Bahram
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200302 English Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Linguistics
subject: Language
subject: 130207 LOTE, ESL and TESOL Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Maori)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Language, science and politics go together and learning these genres is to learn a language created for codifying,extending and conveying scientific and political knowledge. Grammatical metaphor is divided into two broad areas:ideational and interpersonal. This article focuses on the first type of grammatical metaphor, i.e. the ideational one, whichincludes process types and nominalization. The principal objective of the current work is to analyze a corpus comprising 10 scientific and 10 political texts. The Ideational Grammatical Metaphor framework was used to carry out an analysis on these texts to pinpoint their similarities and dissimilarities. The analysis indicates that Ideational Grammatical Metaphor has dominated political and scientific texts and is used approximately with the same frequency in both genres and the prevailing process types in both are material and relational types. Consequently, the tone of the writing is more abstract, pretentious and formal. In science, instances of IGM enable technicalizing and rationalizing; and in politics they deal with dominance, provocation, persuasion toward an intended objective. Based on the findings of this study, some implications can be drawn for academic writing and reading as well as translators and teachers involved in writing and reading pedagogy.
title: Fleet segmentation of the Portuguese coastal trawl fishery:a contribution to fisheries management
Creators: name: Pilar-Fonseca, Tereza
name: Campos, Aida
name: Afonso-Dias, Manuel
name: Fonseca, Paulo
name: Mendes, Beatriz
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The shift in the Common Fisheries Policy towards fleet- and area-based management requires not only the integration of fine-scale biological information about the stocks and their habitats, but also economic data, associated to an in-depth knowledge of fleet short- and long-term behaviour; i.e., fishing tactics and strategies. Within this context, fleet segmentation and identification of métiers and/or landing profiles (LP) is a fundamental step to promote effective and sustainable management. For that purpose, LP for Portuguese coastal finfish bottom trawlers are identified over a 13-year time series of landings (1995 to 2007), based on the relative importance of target and by-catch species of daily fishing trips. Temporal and spatial patterns of activity are addressed and the correspondence between LP and fishing vessels is also investigated. Preliminary estimates of fishing effort and landings-per-unit-effort are carried out for a number of target species. The existence of fleet components targeting homogeneous groups in terms of species composition, with corresponding spatial/temporal boundaries, allows for better estimation of species-directed effort and fishery-based abundance, and productivity indices, thereby contributing to clarify the formulation of conservation and management policies.
The Gallerist’s Gambit: Financial Innovation, Tax Law, and the Making of the Contemporary Art Market
Creators: name: Maizels, Michael W.
name: Foster, William E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Pop art
subject: Art galleries, Commercial
subject: Art--Marketing
subject: Taxation--Law and legislation

description: This essay presents an account of an important moment in the emergence of the market for Pop art that was facilitated in part by a distinctly accommodating legal environment. Although Abstract Expressionism is commonly credited with causing American art’s ascendance onto the world stage immediately after World War II, its international acclaim belied a precarious institutional and financial infrastructure for living American painters. It was only with the following generation of Pop and Minimalist artists that the United States developed a self-sustaining market for the work of contemporary American artists. A significant but largely overlooked factor in that continued success was the ability of art dealers to take advantage of the unique legal and regulatory environment of the 1960s. This essay focuses on the efforts of an enterprising art gallerist, Leo Castelli, to aggressively promote his stable of Pop artists through the development of several financial structures, including some designed to leverage the relatively generous income tax deductions and anemic enforcement regime of the time. In doing so, Castelli not only seeded the ground for the international ascendance of American visual art, but also engineered financial arrangements that fostered the development of a lucrative and resilient art market that endures to this day.