cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bulk Higgs field in a Randall-Sundrum model with nonvanishing brane cosmological constant
Creators: name: Dey, Paramita
name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility of Higgs mechanism in the bulk in a generalised Randall-Sundrum model, where a nonvanishing cosmological constant is induced on the visible brane. This scenario has the advantage of accommodating positive tension of the visible brane and thus ensures stability of the model. It is shown that several problems usually associated with this mechanism are avoided if some dimensionful parameters in the bulk are allowed to lie a little below the Planck mass. The most important of these is keeping the lowest massive mode in the scale of the standard electroweak model, and at the same time reducing the gauge coupling of the next excited state, thus ameliorating otherwise stringent phenomenological constraints.
description: 7 pages, 2 tables, version accepted for publication
Hyperbolic geometry and non-Kahler manifolds with trivial canonical bundle
Creators: name: Fine, Joel
name: Panov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use hyperbolic geometry to construct simply-connected symplectic or complex manifolds with trivial canonical bundle and with no compatible Kahler structure. We start with the desingularisations of the quadric cone in C^4: the smoothing is a natural S^3-bundle over H^3, its holomorphic geometry is determined by the hyperbolic metric; the small-resolution is a natural S^2-bundle over H^4 with symplectic geometry determined by the metric. Using hyperbolic geometry, we find orbifold quotients with trivial canonical bundle; smooth examples are produced via crepant resolutions. In particular, we find the first example of a simply-connected symplectic 6-manifold with c_1=0 that does not admit a compatible Kahler structure. We also find infinitely many distinct complex structures on 2(S^3xS^3)#(S^2xS^4) with trivial canonical bundle. Finally, we explain how an analogous construction for hyperbolic manifolds in higher dimensions gives symplectic non-Kahler "Fano" manifolds of dimension 12 and higher.
description: 27 pages. v4 corrected error in discussion of topology of symplectic example
The impact of sexual intercourse during pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes: a cohort study in China
Creators: name: Kong, Lingdan
name: Li, Ting
name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The reports about the effects of sexual attitudes and activities on obstetric outcomes were inconsistent or even contradictory. This study aims to investigate the patterns of sexual intercourse during pregnancy and its impact on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. All of the participants delivered their babies between September 2016 and June 2017 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). An online questionnaire was sent to postpartum women with singleton deliveries at least 6 months after their deliveries. The perinatal outcome data were collected by reviewing the maternal and neonatal medical records. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the women without and with sexual intercourse. Five hundred fifty questionnaires were sent out, and 406 (73.8%) women responded. A total of 211 (52%) women had sexual intercourse during pregnancy. There were 113, 67, 22, and 9 women reporting frequencies of sexual intercourse of less than once per month, 1–2 times/month, 3–4 times/month, and >4 times/month, respectively, and 49, 199, and 59 women reported sexual intercourse during their first, second, and third trimesters. The most common complaint was a lack of sexual interest. The experiences, frequency, and timing of sexual intercourse had no significant impact on any obstetric or neonatal outcome compared with those of the women without sexual intercourse.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? The reports about the effects of sexual attitudes and activities on obstetric outcomes were inconsistent.What do the results of this study add? In our study, the experiences, frequency, and the timing of sexual intercourse had no significant impact on any obstetric or neonatal outcome compared with those of women without sexual intercourse.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Sexual intercourse is generally safe in healthy pregnant women. What is already known on this subject? The reports about the effects of sexual attitudes and activities on obstetric outcomes were inconsistent. What do the results of this study add? In our study, the experiences, frequency, and the timing of sexual intercourse had no significant impact on any obstetric or neonatal outcome compared with those of women without sexual intercourse. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Sexual intercourse is generally safe in healthy pregnant women.
Quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional electron systems
Creators: name: Shashkin, A. A.
name: Kravchenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a chapter for the book "Understanding Quantum Phase Transitions" edited by Lincoln D. Carr (Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, 2010)
description: Final version
Virtual va to'ldirilgan reallik texnologiyalarining mohiyati va ularni turli sohalarda qo'llash istiqbollari
Creators: name: Farrukh Khusainov
Publisher: name: Logeeka Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: VR
subject: AR
subject: Digital economy
subject: Economics
subject: IT
subject: AI
subject: Medicine
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Business

description: Ushbu maqola virtual reallik (VR) va to‘ldirilgan reallik (AR) texnologiyalari va ularning inson faoliyatining turli jabhalariga ta’siri haqida to‘liq ma’lumot beradi. Maqolada VR va ARning asosiy atamalari, rivojlanish tarixi, ishlash tamoyillari hamda ularni qoʻllash sohalari muhokama qilingan.Maqolaning birinchi qismi asosiy atamalarni aniqlash va VR hamda AR texnologiyalarining rivojlanish tarixining qisqacha tafsilotiga bag‘ishlangan. Keyingi qismlarda u virtual reallikning asosiy tamoyillari, jumladan, texnik jihatlar va vizual effektlar haqida batafsil ma’lumot beradi. To‘ldirilgan reallik virtual va real olamlarni birlashtirish kontekstida o‘rganiladi.Quyida VR va AR texnologiyalarining turli sohalarda, jumladan, muhandislik, ta’lim, fan, tibbiyot, biznes, sanoat, o‘yin va kino sanoati va turizmdagi roli muhokama qilinadi. Har bir soha texnologiyaning kundalik hayotga va kasbiy muhitga ta’sirining turli jihatini ifodalaydi.Bundan tashqari, ushbu maqolada texnologik taraqqiyot va VR hamda AR rivojlanishining hozirgi tendentsiyalari bilan bog‘liq muammolarni, sun’iy intellekt, grafik takomillashtirish va rezolyutsiyalarning ushbu texnologiyalar evolyutsiyasiga ta’siri, VR va AR-dan foydalanishning axloqiy va ijtimoiy-madaniy jihatlari, masalan, maxfiylik, xavfsizlik va ijtimoiy o‘zaro munosabatlarga ta’siri ham batafsil ko‘rib chiqilgan.Xulosa qilib, tahlil natijalari umumlashtirilib, virtual va to‘ldirilgan reallik texnologiyalarining kelajakdagi rivojlanishi haqida fikr bildirilgan. Bu texnologiyalarning mahsuldorlik va iqtisodiy o‘sishga ta’siri, ularni amalga oshirishda tartibga solish va axloqiy masalalarga mutanosib yondashish muhimligiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.
SimClust - A Program to Simulate Star Clusters
Creators: name: Deveikis, V.
name: Narbutis, D.
name: Stonkute, R.
name: Bridzius, A.
name: Vansevicius, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a program tool, SimClust, designed for Monte-Carlo modeling of star clusters. It populates the available stellar isochrones with stars according to the initial mass function and distributes stars randomly following the analytical surface number density profile. The tool is aimed at simulating realistic images of extragalactic star clusters and can be used to: (i) optimize object detection algorithms, (ii) perform artificial cluster tests for the analysis of star cluster surveys, and (iii) assess the stochastic effects introduced into photometric and structural parameters of clusters due to random distribution of luminous stars and non-uniform interstellar extinction. By applying SimClust, we have demonstrated a significant influence of stochastic effects on the determined photometric and structural parameters of low-mass star clusters in the M31 galaxy disk. The source code and examples are available at the SimClust website: http://www.astro.ff.vu.lt/software/simclust/
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
title: Improving the simulation and understanding of biologically driven carbon pumps in marine ecosystems using an ensemble-based data assimilation method
Creators: name: Sursham, David
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: The transfer of carbon dioxide between the ocean and the atmosphere, and within the ocean interior, can be described by constituent “carbon pumps”. These carbon pumps are driven by biological and physical processes. The biological components can be separated into the “biological carbon pump”, which describes the cycling of carbon in the upper layers driven by photosynthesis in phytoplankton, and the “microbial carbon pump”, which describes the bacterial transformation of dissolved organic carbon into a slowly degradable form in the deep ocean. Understanding these processes requires both sophisticated marine ecosystem models and observations of the ocean carbon cycle. This thesis proposes that the simulation and understanding of the carbon pumps can be improved through data assimilation. Data assimilation is the process of incorporating observations (data) into a dynamic model to improve the accuracy of the simulations. This thesis makes use of ocean colour observations obtained by satellite imaging, assimilated into the marine ecosystem model ERSEM. The first objective of this study is to provide evidence that assimilating ocean colour data into a marine ecosystem model improves the simulation of carbon fluxes in the ocean, which is supported by results from identical twin experiments. The second objective is to improve the understanding of the biological and microbial carbon pumps and their variability across different marine locations. This was achieved by comparing the results of ocean colour data assimilation reanalyses at a nutrient rich coastal site and a nutrient-poor open-ocean site. A major finding of this study is that nutrient concentrations control the strength of the biologically driven carbon pumps, with the microbial carbon pump showing dominance in nutrient poor environments.
พัฒนาการของการจัดรูปที่ว่างและองค์ประกอบเมืองภายในเขตเมืองเก่าเชียงใหม่
Creators: name: สิทธิกานต์ สัตย์ซื่อ
Publisher: name: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2020
Subjects: สัณฐานวิทยาเมือง
การจัดรูปที่ว่าง
องค์ประกอบเมือง
เมืองเชียงใหม่

description: วารสาร สิ่งแวดล้อมสรรค์สร้างวินิจฉัย (Built Environment Inquiry BEI), 19, 2, 43-62
ОБЩЕЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ЗУБНЫХ ПРОТЕЗОВ И ИХ ВИДОВ
Creators: name: Илхомжонова, Севара
name: Ахмедов, Дилшод
name: Абдуллаева, Паризода
name: Ахмедов, Алишер
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В данной статье дана общая классификация зубных протезов, их виды, дана положительная и отрицательная оценка, а также описаны съемные зубы.
The theory and practice of education in Ontario in the 1860's
Creators: name: Miller, Albert Herman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study hypothesizes that even as the 1860’s were years of significant political, social, and economic change, they can also be identified as the beginning of modern education in Ontario. Primary sources utilized included textbooks for teachers and pupils, letters, family papers, diaries, minutes of the meetings of teachers' associations and school boards, journal articles, books, annual reports, and various other documents. The study is divided into three parts: society and education; theory of education; and practice in education. The first discusses the social environment, the educational level of Ontarians, political-religious issues that affected education, and the extent and quality of public participation in school management. The second investigates concepts of education and of child nature. The third deals with common and grammar schools, teacher-training and certification, teaching techniques, and the Ontario teacher. The 1860's were years of transition as Ontario was changing from a pioneer to a modern society. Educators strove to keep pace with the forward thrust of Ontario life. New concepts and practices co-existed with traditional ones to a degree that the decade is unique as a turning point in Ontario education. Specific examples indicating the pivotal position of the 1860's in education are: the resolution of the separate school question by the Scott Act of 1863 and the British North America Act of 1867; the increasing humanitarian concern for children in and out of school; the growing desire for a more scientific approach to teaching; the changing concepts of pupil discipline and motivation; the extension of free schooling to include over 90% of the province's elementary schools; the broadening of the aims of education and the expansion of the common school curriculum; the change from a predominantly religious to a more secular and nationalistic emphasis in pupil textbooks; the widespread adoption of grading in elementary schools; the revision of the form and function of secondary schools; the large influx of girls into secondary schools, as they were granted the legal right to enroll; the popularity of object and oral teaching; the dramatic rise in the number of women teachers; and the organization of a provincial teachers' association which gave the teachers a united voice and contributed to greater professionalism. The Chief Superintendent of Education, the Rev. Dr. Egerton Ryerson, played a prominent role in nearly every area. New theories and practices in education were being tested and accepted to such an extent that the 1860's mark the beginning of modern education in Ontario.
Simulating two- and three-dimensional frustrated quantum systems with string-bond states
Creators: name: Sfondrini, Alessandro
name: Cerrillo, Javier
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating frustrated quantum magnets is among the most challenging tasks in computational physics. We apply String-Bond States, a recently introduced ansatz which combines Tensor Networks with Monte Carlo based methods, to the simulation of frustrated quantum systems in both two and three dimensions. We compare our results with existing results for unfrustrated and two-dimensional systems with open boundary conditions, and demonstrate that the method applies equally well to the simulation of frustrated systems with periodic boundaries in both two and three dimensions.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures; v2: accepted version, Journal-Ref added
title: Team Regulatory Focus and its Role for Idea Generation, Idea Implementation, and Innovative Performance: A Dynamic Perspective
Creators: name: Hundeling, Maike
name: Auerswald, Max
name: Rosing, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: idea generation
subject: idea implementation
subject: innovative activities
subject: performance measures
subject: team prevention focus
subject: team promotion focus
subject: temporal development
subject: 150
subject: Idee
subject: Innovation
subject: Leistungsmessung
subject: Verhalten
subject: Innovationsprozess

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
W poszukiwaniu mechanizmów algicydowych u bakterii – wrażliwość Aphanizomenon gracile na szczepy Bacillus pumilus SU8S0818 oraz Morganella morganii SU7S0818
Creators: name: Grzyb, Tomasz
name: Morón-López, Jesús
name: Mankiewicz-Boczek, Joanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: recA
psbA
aphanizomenon
gene expression
algicidal bacteria
cyanobacteria

description: Title (EN): In search of algicidal mechanisms in bacteria – sensitivity of Aphanizomenon gracile to Bacillus pumilus SU8S0818 and Morganella morganii SU7S0818 strains Cyjanobakterie (sinice) to jedna z najstarszych grup organizmów żywych. Występują powszechnie w środowiskach wodnych i lądowych, od środowisk umiarkowanych po najbardziej ekstremalne regiony globu. W wyniku antropopresji i eutrofizacji zbiorników obserwowany jest globalny wzrost zasięgu oraz częstotliwości zakwitów sinicowych – stanowiących zagrożenie zarówno dla ekosystemów wodnych, jak i lądowych, w tym zdrowia człowieka. Postępująca, globalna zmiana klimatu powoduje, iż stają się one dominującym elementem w fitoplanktonie, co, wraz ze wzrostem ich toksyczności, stanowi poważne zagrożenie dla zasobów wód. Bakterie algicydowe są postrzegane jako potencjalne narzędzie kontroli zakwitów sinicowych. Zdecydowana większość publikowanych badań dotyczy Microcystis spp. Niewiele uwagi poświęca się filamentowym sinicom wiążącym azot, które również tworzą zakwity, są zdolne do produkcji szeregu cyjanotoksyn, mogą być inwazyjne, a także poprzedzać intensywne zakwity sinic niewiążących azotu – takich jak ww. Microcystis spp. Jednym z filamentowych diazotrofów jest Aphanizomenon gracile, główny producent cytotoksycznej cylindrospermopsyny na terenie Polski. W doświadczeniu badano zmiany zachodzące w koloniach dwóch szczepów A. gracile – szczepu z kolekcji kultur NIVA oraz środowiskowego izolatu z Jeziora Witobelskiego. Szczepy te hodowano z bakteriami potencjalnie algobójczymi – Bacillus pumilus SU8S0818 (Firmicutes) oraz Morganella morganii SU7S0818 (Gammaproteobacteria), wyizolowanymi z zakwitów w Zbiorniku Sulejowskim. Zaobserwowano spadek liczebności komórek A. gracile, po sześciu dniach wyznaczono wskaźnik algicydowy (>97%). Stosując RT-qPCR z analizą 2-ΔΔCt, u A. gracile zbadano zmiany ekspresji dwóch genów markerowych reakcji stresowych – psbA oraz recA. Gen psbA koduje białko D1 – białko rdzeniowe fotoukładu II, element aparatu fotosyntetycznego szczególnie narażony na fotouszkodzenia, podlegający cyklicznej wymianie. Białko RecA jest elementem systemu naprawy uszkodzeń DNA. Zaobserwowano zarówno nadekspresję, jak i zmniejszoną ekspresję genów względem kontroli, zależnie od czasu i badanych szczepów. Określono też zmiany zawartości reaktywnych form tlenu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na potencjalne mechanizmy fizjologiczne oraz cele uszkodzeń stojące za efektem algicydowym. Badania finansowane z projektu ALGICYDY, NCN, 2019/33/B/NZ8/02093.
Strategies and Implications of Entertainment Media Consumption
Creators: name: Berbeglia, Franco
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 159999 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Entertainment consumption has changed drastically in the last decade, presenting new problems and questions to the entertainment industry. My research addresses three different problems in this industry. First, we study how to rank products optimally in a trial-offer marketplace whereconsumers present heterogeneous preferences and are influenced by past purchases. Second, we study the strategic implications of binge consumption of entertainment for advertising video on demand platforms. And third, we study the optimal release timing of movies between theatrical and home video (DVD and Blu-ray) markets, as the quality of the latter approaches the quality ofthe former In the first chapter, we study optimal ranking policies in a stylized trial-offer marketplace model,in which a single firm offers multiple products and has consumers who express heterogeneous preferences. The platform owner needs to devise a ranking policy to display the products to maximize the number of purchases in the long run, and to decide whether to display the numberof past purchases. We find that when past purchases are displayed, consumer heterogeneity makes buyers try sub-optimal products, reducing the overall sales rate. We then show that consumer heterogeneity makes the ranking problem NP-hard (under Turing reductions) and we analyze the benefits of market segmentation. We find tight bounds to the expected benefits of offering a distinct ranking to each consumer class and we show that the market segmentation strategy always benefits from social influence. The firm is better off using an aggregate ranking policy when the variety of consumer preference is limited, but it should perform a market segmentation policy when consumers are very heterogeneous. This result is robust to relatively small consumer classification mistakes; when these are large, an aggregate ranking is preferred.
Inter-municipal cost-sharing for urban highway improvements
Creators: name: Gossland, Derek Maynard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the increasingly urban context of North America, urban transportation poses increasingly complex problems. Not the least of these is the problem of financing highway systems that are considered essential to the smooth and expeditious flow of goods and people within the cities. One difficulty arises out of the fragmented political jurisdictions that exist within the boundaries of most urban areas today. After agreement has been reached on the contribution, if any, by senior levels of government towards any major highway improvement in an urban area, the remaining cost has still to be allocated amongst the member municipalities in the area. Every municipal council is thus faced with the problem of assuming an additional cost for municipal services, i.e. for providing adequate, improved highway facilities. But current methods of allocating these costs do not clearly relate them to the benefits received by those who live and work in the municipality. Nor do they relate them to any discernible social policy. The main hypothesis of this paper is that it is possible to develop a formula that does relate the costs chargeable to any municipality to the benefits received by those who live and work in that municipality. This cost-sharing formula has been developed in this study. The basic assumptions on which its claim to equity is made are given . The social policies that could be considered are spelled out, and their justification for modifying the cost figures derived is examined. Practical recommendations for the use of this procedure are made, and the planning implications involved are considered.
ประสิทธิภาพของพรรณไม้เลื้อยแบบผนังสีเขียวต่อการลดการถ่ายเทความร้อน
Creators: name: ไตรภพ บุญธรรม
Publisher: name: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2020
Subjects: ประสิทธิภาพการถ่ายเทความร้อน
พรรณไม้เลื้อย
ผนังสีเขียว

description: วารสาร สิ่งแวดล้อมสรรค์สร้างวินิจฉัย (Built Environment Inquiry BEI), 19, 2, 63-78
ระบบการแสดงผลสภาพแวดล้อมภายในอาคารบนฐานข้อมูลสารสนเทศอาคาร
Creators: name: เทิดศักดิ์ เตชะกิจขจร
Publisher: name: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2020
Subjects: แบบจำลองสารสนเทศอาคาร
อุปกรณ์ตรวจวัดที่เชื่อมต่อกับเครือข่ายอินเทอร์เน็ต
ระบบแสดงผลตามเวลาจริง
ข้อมูลสภาพแวดล้อมภายในอาคาร

description: วารสาร สิ่งแวดล้อมสรรค์สร้างวินิจฉัย (Built Environment Inquiry BEI), 19, 2, 79-92
title: A grounded theory of a sense of not belonging in the workplace and implications for self-concept
Creators: name: Waller, Lee
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Research suggests that a need to belong is a fundamental human need, motivating a wealth of behaviour, and that thwarting of this need has powerful consequences for emotion and self-esteem. As a place where we spend a lot of time, the workplace is increasingly central to a sense of belonging, and as such, a sense of not belonging (SoNB) in the workplace might have important implications for our psychological well-being. The aim of this Grounded Theory study was to develop an understanding of the emotional, cognitive and behavioural processes involved in a SoNB in the workplace. In-depth interviews with 12 participants exploring their experiences of a SoNB revealed a theoretical framework. This framework constituted the key attributes and moderators of the phenomenon, participant’s emotional experiences, and the cognitive and behavioural strategies employed to resolve the experience. It also identified a potential process through which the experience occurs. Core to this phenomenon was self-concept, the meaning participants attributed of having the experience to their sense of self. SoNB was found to undermine self-efficacy and self-esteem, as well as undermine a consistent and coherent self-concept through the conflict that emerged between who individuals thought they were, versus who they became during the experience. The study makes a unique contribution to knowledge by providing an understanding of the subjective, lived experience of a sense of not belonging in the workplace that reveals the centrality of the self-concept. It offers a holistic, comprehensive synthesis of findings from previous research which has explored individual aspects of the experience, and presents a substantive theory of a sense of not belonging in the workplace. Recommendations for future research, particularly in terms of exploring the proposed relationships are made, as well as recommendations for application of the findings in practice.
Pump-probe spectroscopy of two-body correlations in ultracold gases
Creators: name: Koch, Christiane P.
name: Kosloff, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest pump-probe spectroscopy to study pair correlations that determine the many-body dynamics in weakly interacting, dilute ultracold gases. A suitably chosen, short laser pulse depletes the pair density locally, creating a 'hole' in the electronic ground state. The dynamics of this non-stationary pair density is monitored by a time-delayed probe pulse. The resulting transient signal allows to spectrally decompose the 'hole' and to map out the pair correlation functions.
Investigation of changes in crystalline and amorphous structure during deformation of nano-reinforced semi-crystalline polymers by space-resolved synchrotron saxs and waxs
Creators: name: Schneider, K.
name: Schone, A.
name: Jun, T.-S.
name: Korsunsky, A.M.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Deformation
subject: PA-6
subject: Structure characterisation
subject: Synchrotron SAXS
subject: WAXS
subject: Zn0
subject: Crystalline materials
subject: Polymers
subject: Synchrotron radiation
subject: Synchrotrons
subject: X ray scattering
subject: Deformation behaviour
subject: Irreversible deformation
subject: Microcrystalline structures
subject: Semi-crystalline polymer
subject: Short-range structure
subject: Small and wide angle x ray scatterings
subject: Synchrotron saxs
subject: 620

description: Complex structural changes occur in semi-crystalline polymers during deformation. In (nano-)filled systems the situation becomes even more complicated, since not only phase changes may take place, but also local (interfacial) failure between phases may occur. To help identify specific processes taking place within these systems, simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation during in situ deformation. Using a highly focused beam, spatially resolved local information can be extracted by scanning the beam across the deformed/damaged region within the sample. The characteristic changes in the different phases are presented and discussed. While the study of WAXS patterns gives insight into the orientation and dimensions of the crystallites, SAXS provides information about the mutual arrangement of phases and the interfacial failure phenomena. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in our experiments it will be shown that the first changes in the crystalline phase appear long before macroscopic yielding of the sample is reached, i.e. the onset of irreversible deformation takes place. In the post-yield regime radical changes are observed in both the long- and short-range structures. It is concluded that the presence of nano-fillers exerts a strong influence on the establishment of microcrystalline structure, and hence also on the deformation behaviour at the microscopic scale.
title: International law and lethal drone strikes
Creators: name: Brookman-Byrne, Max
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Armed drones are an integral part of modern warfare, adopted by a progressively wider array of states. Academic engagement with their use has so far either been general, paradigm-specific or state-specific. This thesis builds upon existing knowledge to present a comprehensive analysis of drone strikes to examine their lawfulness, both as an abstract artifice and through the uses to which they have been put, focusing on US drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. Using doctrinal analysis, the use of drone strikes is considered through the separate though linked frameworks of the law on the use of force (consent and jus ad bellum), international humanitarian law, and international human rights law. These frameworks must be satisfied cumulatively for a drone strike to be lawful, thus the question of lawfulness can only be answered through a holistic analysis, and it is such that is presented within this thesis. Generally, it is concluded that armed drones are no different, under international law, from other weapon systems: they can be used in violation of international law but this is not a necessary outcome of their use. Considered through the lens of the law on the use of force it is concluded that, in many cases, drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia have been lawful due to consent from territorial states. Outside of this consent, selfdefence provides only a limited basis for lawfulness. It is also concluded that, in the relevant states, drones have been used during armed conflicts and are capable of adhering to international humanitarian law, though this often depends on the operative interpretation of the law. Finally, it is concluded that there have been drone strikes outside of armed conflict, regulated by international human rights law; though not inherently unlawful, all of the strikes analysed herein violated the right to life.
Ion-trap simulation of the quantum phase transition in an exactly solvable model of spins coupled to bosons
Creators: name: Giorgi, Gian Luca
name: Paganelli, Simone
name: Galve, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that arrays of trapped ions can be used to efficiently simulate a variety of many-body quantum systems. Here, we show how it is possible to build a model representing a spin chain interacting with bosons which is exactly solvable. The exact spectrum of the model at zero temperature and the ground state properties are studied. We show that a quantum phase transition occurs when the coupling between spins and bosons reaches a critical value, which corresponds to a level crossing in the energy spectrum. Once the critical point is reached, the number of bosonic excitations in the ground state, which can be assumed as an order parameter, starts to be different from zero. The population of the bosonic mode is accompanied by a macroscopic magnetization of the spins. This double effect could represent an useful resource for the phase transition detection since a measure on the phonon can give information about the phase of the spin system. A finite temperature phase diagram is also given in the adiabatic regime.
On normal Hopf subalgebras of semisimple Hopf algebras
Creators: name: Burciu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30

description: A criterion for subcoalgebras to be invariant under the adjoint action is given generalizing Masuoka's criterion for normal Hopf subalgebras. At the level of characters, the image of the induction functor from a normal Hopf subalgebra is isomorphic to the image of the restriction functor.
description: 17 pages
title: Accurate observations of near-infrared solar spectral irradiance and water vapour continuum
Creators: name: Elsey, Jonathan David Charles
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This thesis contains analyses of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) and near-infrared water vapour continuum from high-resolution observations by a ground-based, sun-pointing Fourier transform spectrometer in the wavenumber region 2000-10000 cm-1 (1-5 μm). This was performed primarily using the Langley method on observations during 18 September 2008. Particular focus was placed on a detailed assessment of the uncertainty budget for each of these analyses. The solar spectral irradiance was found to be ~8% lower than the commonly-used satellite-based ATLAS3 SSI in the region 4000-7000 cm-1 (where ATLAS3 is most uncertain). This disagreement with ATLAS3 is in line with several other modern analyses. There is good agreement with ATLAS3 and other spectra in the 7000-10000 cm-1 region (where these spectra are considered more accurate). This thesis contains the first published results of water vapour continuum absorption in the atmosphere in the 1.6 and 2.1 μm atmospheric windows (in which laboratory measurements show some significant disagreement) with robust uncertainties. The derived water vapour continuum in these windows is stronger than the widely-used MT_CKD model (v3.2) by a factor of ~100 and ~5 respectively. These results also show that MT_CKD is a reasonably accurate representation of the continuum in the 4 μm window. These results are broadly consistent with laboratory measurements of the foreign continuum, but are inconsistent with the highest such measurements of the self-continuum. The effect of the self and foreign continuum in atmospheric conditions is assessed, with comparisons to the Langley-derived spectra from this work. These results show that the difference between MT_CKD and this work in the 1.6 and 2.1 μm windows may come primarily from the observed differences in the foreign continuum, with a smaller contribution from the self-continuum. These results show inconsistency with several sets of laboratory room temperature spectra within the experimental uncertainties.
Essays on the Liquidity of Financial Markets
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Jackson
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Liquidity is a central feature in the research of financial markets. Broadly speaking, liquidity describes the ease with which an asset can be traded both quickly and withoutdeviating much from the current market price. In this collection of essays, I investigate three aspects of liquidity – one affecting stocks in the context of a limit order bookmarket, and two in the context of the over-the-counter market governing U.S. corporate bonds. In the first essay, measuring liquidity as the depth of the limit order book atprice levels extending from the mid-quote price, I explore the implications of private information which can be drawn from the dynamic levels of liquidity in the order book. In the second essay, measuring illiquidity as the effective bid-ask spread, I create an estimate for the aggregate illiquidity of the broader over-the-counter market for U.S. corporate bonds from the observed illiquidity of bonds that are traded. In the third essay, measuring liquidity as the market’s ability to absorb the large demand to sell bonds resulting from a fire sale, I observe the unintended impacts that Dodd-Frankregulations have on bond market liquidity and the indirect effects they have on the cost of capital faced by corporations when raising debt in the bond market.
Hyperfine frequency shift in two-dimensional atomic hydrogen
Creators: name: Safonov, A. I.
name: Safonova, I. I.
name: Yasnikov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the explanation of a surprisingly small hyperfine frequency shift in the two-dimensional (2D) atomic hydrogen bound to the surface of superfluid helium below 0.1 K. Owing to the symmetry considerations, the microwave-induced triplet-singlet transitions of atomic pairs in the fully spin-polarized sample are forbidden. The apparent nonzero shift is associated with the density-dependent wall shift of the hyperfine constant and the pressure shift due to the presence of H atoms in the hyperfine state $a$ not involved in the observed $b\to c$ transition. The interaction of adsorbed atoms with one another effectively decreases the binding energy and, consequently, the wall shift by the amount proportional to their density. The pressure shift of the $b\to c$ resonance comes from the fact that the impurity $a$-state atoms interact differently with the initial $b$-state and final $c$-state atoms and is also linear in density. The net effect of the two contributions, both specific for 2D hydrogen, is comparable with the experimental observation. To our knowledge, this is the first mentioning of the density-dependent wall shift. We also show that the difference between the triplet and singlet scattering lengths of H atoms, $a_t-a_s=30(5)$ pm, is exactly twice smaller than the value reported by Ahokas {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf101}, 263003 (2008).
description: 4 pages, no figures
Modeling the emergence of universality in color naming patterns
Creators: name: Baronchelli, Andrea
name: Gong, Tao
name: Puglisi, Andrea
name: Loreto, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The empirical evidence that human color categorization exhibits some universal patterns beyond superficial discrepancies across different cultures is a major breakthrough in cognitive science. As observed in the World Color Survey (WCS), indeed, any two groups of individuals develop quite different categorization patterns, but some universal properties can be identified by a statistical analysis over a large number of populations. Here, we reproduce the WCS in a numerical model in which different populations develop independently their own categorization systems by playing elementary language games. We find that a simple perceptual constraint shared by all humans, namely the human Just Noticeable Difference (JND), is sufficient to trigger the emergence of universal patterns that unconstrained cultural interaction fails to produce. We test the results of our experiment against real data by performing the same statistical analysis proposed to quantify the universal tendencies shown in the WCS [Kay P and Regier T. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 9085-9089], and obtain an excellent quantitative agreement. This work confirms that synthetic modeling has nowadays reached the maturity to contribute significantly to the ongoing debate in cognitive science.
description: Supplementery Information available here http://www.pnas.org/content/107/6/2403/suppl/DCSupplemental
Parallel submanifolds with an intrinsic product structure
Creators: name: Jentsch, Tillmann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C35, 53C40, 53C42

description: Let $M$ and $N$ be Riemannian symmetric spaces and $f:M\to N$ be a parallel isometric immersion. We additionally assume that there exist simply connected, irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces $M_i$ with $\dim(M_i)\geq 2$ for $i=1,...,r$ such that $M\cong M_1\times...\times M_r$ . As a starting point, we describe how the intrinsic product structure of $M$ is reflected by a distinguished, fiberwise orthogonal direct sum decomposition of the corresponding first normal bundle. Then we consider the (second) osculating bundle $\osc f$, which is a $\nabla^N$-parallel vector subbundle of the pullback bundle $f^*TN$, and establish the existence of $r$ distinguished, pairwise commuting, $\nabla^N$-parallel vector bundle involutions on $\osc f$ . Consequently, the "extrinsic holonomy Lie algebra" of $\osc f$ bears naturally the structure of a graded Lie algebra over the Abelian group which is given by the direct sum of $r$ copies of $\Z/2 \Z$ . Our main result is the following: Provided that $N$ is of compact or non-compact type, that $\dim(M_i)\geq 3$ for $i=1,...,r$ and that none of the product slices through one point of $M$ gets mapped into any flat of $N$, we can show that $f(M)$ is a homogeneous submanifold of $N$ .
description: 25 pages, Appendix A added, a few corrections, new numbering of the theorems
Additional file 10 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10. Alteration in CK2α’ expression changes cytokine profiles but not microglia. a, RT-qPCR analysis for CK2α’ and IL-6 in STHdhQ7/Q7 (control) and STHdhQ111/Q111 (HD) cell (n = 5 independent experiments). Data were normalized to GAPDH and control cells. b, siRNA knockdown of CK2α’ for 24 h in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells and RT-qPCR. Data were normalized with GAPDH and relativized to non-targeting control siRNA-treated cells (scramble), (n = 6 independent experiments). c, d, Representative images of mouse cytokine array panels from striatum extracts of WT, zQ175, and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) at 12-14 months of age (n = 6 mice/genotype). e, f, Iba1 immunoblotting in the striatum of 12 months old WT, zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’, quantification was measured by image analyses using Image J software, GAPDH is used as a loading marker. g-i, Representative images show the labeling of Iba1 in the dorsal striatum of WT, zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) at 3, 6 and 12 months old (g). Images were analyzed using the Image J software. Scale bar, 100 µm. Iba1+ cell body area in 12 months old mice (n = 3-4 mice/genotype, 18 images averaged/mouse) (h) and percent of Iba1+ cells in 300mm2 (n=3-4 mice/genotype, at least 9 images averaged/mouse) (i). Error bars denote mean ± SEM, values were analyzed by Student's t test in d, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test in a, b, f, h, i. *p represent p-values comparing zQ175 and WT, #p are p-values comparing zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-).
Combined free and forced convection from horizontal plates
Creators: name: Classen, Lutz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented for .free convection and combined free and forced convection from a heated horizontal surface. The principal objective was to investigate a laminar boundary layer flow which had been shown, theoretically only, to form above a heated surface. This boundary layer flow is fundamentally different from flows above inclined or vertical surfaces since the driving force or buoyancy force acts perpendicular to the primary boundary layer motion. The flows analyzed are those for which the system of partial differential equations describing the flow can be reduced to simultaneous total differential equations. The method involves the introduction of similarity parameters and then the numerical integration of the resulting simplified system of total differential equations. These solutions are restricted, for 2-dimensional flow, to a semi-infinite surface, and for axially-symmetrical flow, to an infinite disc. In conjunction with the former only free convection is considered while for the latter combined convection is considered as well. The flow was examined experimentally with a semi-focusing colour schlieren system. From the photographs it may be concluded that the semi-infinite surface analysis would correctly portray a physical flow. The flow, though, remains laminar for a short distance only and then breaks down into an unstable cellular pattern. The axially-symmetrical analysis, although it yielded analytically a valid boundary layer solution, appears to have no physical parallel above a disc of finite radius.
Magnetised winds in dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin and the magnitude of the inter-galactic magnetic field is of primordial importance in the global picture of magnetic field evolution, as it is considered to be the missing link between galactic magnetic fields and cluster magnetic fields on much larger scales. We are testing whether dwarf galaxies are good candidates to explain the enrichment of the IGM: after their discs form and trigger galactic dynamos, supernova feedback will launch strong winds, expelling magnetic field lines in the IGM. We have performed MHD simulations of an isolated dwarf galaxy, forming self-consistently inside a cooling halo. Using the RAMSES code, we have for the first time simulated the formation of a magnetised supernova-driven galactic outflow. This simulation is an important step towards a more realistic modelling using fully cosmological simulations. Our simulations reproduce well the observed properties of magnetic fields in spiral galaxies. The formation and the evolution of our simulated disc lead to a strong magnetic field amplification: the magnetic field in the final wind bubble is one order of magnitude larger than the initial value. The magnetic field in the disc, essentially toroidal, is growing linearly with time as a consequence of differential rotation. We discuss the consequence of this simple mechanism on the cosmic evolution of the magnetic field: we propose a new scenario for the evolution of the magnetic field, with dwarf galaxies playing a key role in amplifying and ejecting magnetic energy in the IGM, resulting in what we call a "Cosmic Dynamo" that could contribute to the rather high field strengths observed in galaxies and clusters today.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A