cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using segment-based features of jaw movements to recognize foraging activities in grazing cattle
Creators: name: Chelotti, José O.
name: Vanrell, Sebastián R.
name: Martinez-Rau, Luciano S.
name: Galli, Julio R.
name: Utsumi, Santiago A.
name: Planisich, Alejandra M.
name: Almirón, Suyai A.
name: Milone, Diego H.
name: Giovanini, Leonardo L.
name: Rufiner, H. Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Precision livestock farming optimizes livestock production through the use of sensor information and communication technologies to support decision making, proactively and near real-time. Among available technologies to monitor foraging behavior, the acoustic method has been highly reliable and repeatable, but can be subject to further computational improvements to increase precision and specificity of recognition of foraging activities. In this study, an algorithm called Jaw Movement segment-based Foraging Activity Recognizer (JMFAR) is proposed. The method is based on the computation and analysis of temporal, statistical and spectral features of jaw movement sounds for detection of rumination and grazing bouts. They are called JM-segment features because they are extracted from a sound segment and expect to capture JM information of the whole segment rather than individual JMs. Two variants of the method are proposed and tested: (i) the temporal and statistical features only JMFAR-ns; and (ii) a feature selection process (JMFAR-sel). The JMFAR was tested on signals registered in a free grazing environment, achieving an average weighted F1-score of 93%. Then, it was compared with a state-of-the-art algorithm, showing improved performance for estimation of grazing bouts (+19%). The JMFAR-ns variant reduced the computational cost by 25.4%, but achieved a slightly lower performance than the JMFAR. The good performance and low computational cost of JMFAR-ns supports the feasibility of using this algorithm variant for real-time implementation in low-cost embedded systems. The method presented within this publication is protected by a pending patent application: AR P20220100910.
description: Preprint submitted to journal
Adversarial Learning of Intermediate Acoustic Feature for End-to-End Lightweight Text-to-Speech
Creators: name: Yoon, Hyungchan
name: Um, Seyun
name: Kim, Changwhan
name: Kang, Hong-Goo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.7; I.2.6
subject: 68T07 (Primary) 68T50, 68T99 (Secondary)

description: To simplify the generation process, several text-to-speech (TTS) systems implicitly learn intermediate latent representations instead of relying on predefined features (e.g., mel-spectrogram). However, their generation quality is unsatisfactory as these representations lack speech variances. In this paper, we improve TTS performance by adding \emph{prosody embeddings} to the latent representations. During training, we extract reference prosody embeddings from mel-spectrograms, and during inference, we estimate these embeddings from text using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Using GANs, we reliably estimate the prosody embeddings in a fast way, which have complex distributions due to the dynamic nature of speech. We also show that the prosody embeddings work as efficient features for learning a robust alignment between text and acoustic features. Our proposed model surpasses several publicly available models with less parameters and computational complexity in comparative experiments.
description: INTERSPEECH 2023
Super-Nyquist ultralight dark matter searches with broadband atom gradiometers
Creators: name: Badurina, Leonardo
name: Beniwal, Ankit
name: McCabe, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom gradiometers have emerged as compelling broadband probes of scalar ultralight dark matter (ULDM) candidates that oscillate with frequencies between approximately $10^{-2}$ Hz and $10^3$ Hz. ULDM signals with frequencies greater than $\sim 1$ Hz exceed the expected Nyquist frequency of atom gradiometers, and so are affected by aliasing and related phenomena, including signal folding and spectral distortion. To facilitate the discovery of super-Nyquist ULDM signals, in this work we investigate the impact of these effects on parameter reconstruction using a robust likelihood-based framework. We demonstrate that accurate reconstruction of ULDM parameters can be achieved as long as the experimental frequency resolution is larger than the ULDM signal linewidth. Notably, as ULDM candidates whose frequencies differ by integer multiples of the sampling frequency are identified at the same aliased frequency, our discovery analysis recovers discrete islands in parameter space. Our study represents the first comprehensive exploration of aliasing in the context of dark matter direct detection and paves the way for enhanced ULDM detection strategies with atom gradiometers.
description: 28 pages plus appendices, 12 figures. v2: matches published version
Bedeutung der wahrgenommenen Motivierungsqualität für intrinsische Motivation und Selbstkonzept von Grundschulkindern
Creators: name: Lepper, Chantal
name: Stang-Rabrig, Justine
name: McElvany, Nele
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Grundschule
subject: Intrinsische Motivation
subject: Motivierungsqualität
subject: Selbstkonzept
subject: Unterrichtsqualität
subject: 370
subject: Grundschule |
subject: Intrinsische Motivation |
subject: Selbstbild |
subject: Unterricht |

description: Ein qualitätsvoller Unterricht ist von zentraler Bedeutung sowohl für leistungsbezogene als auch für motivationale Lernergebnisse von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Die Motivierungsqualität des Unterrichts als eine bedeutsame Facette der Basisdimension konstruktive Unterstützung wurde bisher eher selten untersucht. Um die Bedeutung der wahrgenommenen Motivierungsqualität für motivationale Merkmale von Grundschulkindern zu erforschen, wurde basierend auf Angaben von Viertklässlerinnen und -klässlern (N = 187) analysiert, inwiefern die Motivierungsqualität des Mathematikunterrichts neben der Mathematiknote prädiktiv für die intrinsische Motivation und das Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept der Lernenden ist. Auch wurde geprüft, ob dem Kompetenzerleben der Lernenden eine vermittelnde Funktion zukommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die wahrgenommene Motivierungsqualität neben der Mathematiknote ein bedeutsamer Prädiktor für beide motivationalen Merkmale war. Während das Kompetenzerleben die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Motivierungsqualität bzw. der Mathematiknote und dem Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept bedeutsam vermittelte, wurden die Zusammenhänge für die intrinsische Motivation der Schülerinnen und Schüler wiederum nicht mediiert. Resümierend werden die Befunde hinsichtlich möglicher Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung und Praxis diskutiert.
description: Unterrichtswissenschaft;Bd 50. 2022, H. 1, S. 125-147
A ILEGITIMIDADE DO DOMÍNIO SOBRE A MORTE.pdf
Creators: name: Melchioretto, Albio Fabian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 500319
subject: Poststructuralism

description: Análise das relações de conflito entre o M23 e o governo congolês a partir da leitura conceitual de necropolítica dada por Achille Mbembe.
AntoBr96/Keras_Deep_Adaptive_Input_Normalization: Keras_Deep_Adaptive_Input_Normalization
Creators: name: Briola, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Keras/Tensorflow implementation of the Deep Adaptive Input Normalization Layer for Time Series Forecasting (Passalis et al. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.07892.pdf).
Development of PGM-Free Catalysts for Fuel Cells Using Advanced Polymerization Techniques
Creators: name: Torres, Rudy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Platinum Group Metal Free (PGM-Free) catalysts present a promising opportunity to make hydrogen fuel cells more affordable, however, issues with stability and electrochemical activity continue to hinder their application. Recent studies point to the availability of nitrogen and a well-defined pore structure as avenues of improvement. To address this need, copolymer templated nitrogen-enriched carbon (CTNC) was used as precursor to prepare PGM-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. By employing its rich nitrogen content and interconnected, controlled porous structure, a significant amount of Fe-N-C active sites were formed by co-annealing CTNC with an iron source. The formed N/Fe co-doped nanocarbon (CTNC-Fe) catalyst exhibits high electrochemical activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under acidic conditions and can function remarkably well as a catalyst in fuel cell under standard procedures. FeNx active sites were detected and the nanostructure of CTNC was retained despite the various processing steps involved during synthesis. The use of CTNC allows for control of the pore morphology of the catalyst using controlled/ “living” radical polymerization to synthesize the block copolymer (BCP) precursor. This allowed a greater level of control in tuning the formation of active sites, their energy activation barrier and therefore the electrochemical activity of the catalyst. The interaction between pore morphology and formation of active sites remains unclear, even though the produced catalysts were confirmed to be influenced significantly by the composition and degree of polymerization of the BCP precursors. This work describes a novel and revolutionary method of PGM-free catalyst synthesis using advanced polymerization techniques. Much work remains to be done in improving andoptimizing the methods of synthesis of the catalyst. This includes improving the Fe-doping process either by use of standard procedures with transition metal salt precursors or by a newly developed method presented in this work using poly(vinyl ferrocene), an iron containing metallopolymer. In addition, further experimentation with different CTNCs made by varying the composition and degree of polymerization. At any rate, the catalyst presented here has already reached a level of electrochemical activity competitive with other PGM-free catalysts (half-wave potential of 0.8 V vs NHE) and presents a new approach to the development and scalability of affordable fuel cells as a sustainable clean energy alternative.
Variation in Seeking Care for Cardiovascular Disease and Ambulance Utilization among Migrants in Australia: Time, Ethnicity, and Delay (TED) Study III
Creators: name: Beilby, Justin
name: Wechkunanukul, Kannikar Hannah
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Health management
Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: Insight into differences in seeking medical care for chest pain among migrant populations is limited. This study aimed to determine ethnic differences in seeking care behaviors and using ambulances among migrants compared to an Australian-born group. A total of 607 patients presenting with chest pain to a tertiary hospital between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2014 were randomly selected. Data from the emergency department dataset and medical record reviews were collected and linked for analysis. The migrant group was stratified into nine ethnic groups for analysis based on the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups. The overall median pre-hospital delay time was 3.7 (1.5, 10.7) hours, which ranged from 2.5 (1.0, 10.7) (Southern and Eastern European group) to 6.0 (2.3, 20.6) (Sub-Saharan African group). The median decision time was 2.0 (0.8, 7.9) hours, which ranged from 1.5 (Australian-born group) to 4.5 h (Sub-Saharan African group). Five ethnic groups had significantly longer decision times compared to the Australian-born group. Decision time accounted for 58.4% of pre-hospital delay time. Migrant patients were 60% less likely to seek care for chest pain within one hour (odds ratio 0.40, (0.23–0.68), p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in ambulance utilization between migrant and Australian-born groups. In conclusion, ethnic differences in seeking care for chest pain do exist, and ethnicity plays a vital role in a longer delay in seeking care. To reduce the delays and improve patient outcomes, appropriate health campaigns focusing on ethnic differences among migrant populations and nor-malizing cultural competency into practice are recommended.
Four-Dimensional Entropy from Three-Dimensional Gravity
Creators: name: Carlip, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the horizon of a black hole, the action of (3+1)-dimensional loop quantum gravity acquires a boundary term that is formally identical to an action for three-dimensional gravity. I show how to use this correspondence to obtain the entropy of the (3+1)-dimensional black hole from well-understood conformal field theory computations of the entropy in (2+1)-dimensional de Sitter space.
description: 8 pages; v2: more references, typos fixed, minor rewording; v3: some clearer explanations in response to referees, more references
Early Myocardial Infarction Detection with One-Class Classification over Multi-view Echocardiography
Creators: name: Degerli, Aysen
name: Sohrab, Fahad
name: Kiranyaz, Serkan
name: Gabbouj, Moncef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Early therapeutics of MI can ensure the prevention of further myocardial necrosis. Echocardiography is the fundamental imaging technique that can reveal the earliest sign of MI. However, the scarcity of echocardiographic datasets for the MI detection is the major issue for training data-driven classification algorithms. In this study, we propose a framework for early detection of MI over multi-view echocardiography that leverages one-class classification (OCC) techniques. The OCC techniques are used to train a model for detecting a specific target class using instances from that particular category only. We investigated the usage of uni-modal and multi-modal one-class classification techniques in the proposed framework using the HMC-QU dataset that includes apical 4-chamber (A4C) and apical 2-chamber (A2C) views in a total of 260 echocardiography recordings. Experimental results show that the multi-modal approach achieves a sensitivity level of 85.23% and F1-Score of 80.21%.
Unveiling the Secrets of Effective Information Management: How Does Introductory Information Influence Purchase Intention in Live-Streaming
Creators: name: Xue, Jiao
name: Wen, Xin
name: Shi, Xinao
name: Chen, Hongquan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: There is growing evidence that product introductory information plays a crucial role in online consumer purchase behavior. However, existing researches on the effect of introductory information on individuals’ purchase intention in live-streaming were limited. In this setting, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, we explored the relationship among introductory information, trust, purchase intention and display uniqueness. It was done by collecting questionnaire survey data from 500 consumers who have participated in live-streaming e-commerce. The results showed that the introductory information in live-streaming e-commerce has a significant positive effect on consumers’ purchase intention through trust. Additionally, the results revealed a significant moderating effect of display uniqueness on the relationship between introductory information and trust. Display uniqueness could significantly and positively moderate the predictive effect of introductory information on trust. Thus, this study will extend the applicability of S-O-R model to further understand the influence mechanism of introductory information on purchase intention and enrich the research in the live-streaming e-commerce. Also, it can enhance the understanding of consumers’ purchase behaviors to optimize the live-streaming system and online marketing tools, thereby helping companies achieve their business goals.
Simulate Time-integrated Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics with Multi-Scale Graph Networks
Creators: name: Fu, Xiang
name: Xie, Tian
name: Rebello, Nathan J.
name: Olsen, Bradley D.
name: Jaakkola, Tommi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is essential for various scientific domains but computationally expensive. Learning-based force fields have made significant progress in accelerating ab-initio MD simulation but are not fast enough for many real-world applications due to slow inference for large systems and small time steps (femtosecond-level). We aim to address these challenges by learning a multi-scale graph neural network that directly simulates coarse-grained MD with a very large time step (nanosecond-level) and a novel refinement module based on diffusion models to mitigate simulation instability. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated in two complex systems: single-chain coarse-grained polymers and multi-component Li-ion polymer electrolytes. For evaluation, we simulate trajectories much longer than the training trajectories for systems with different chemical compositions that the model is not trained on. Structural and dynamical properties can be accurately recovered at several orders of magnitude higher speed than classical force fields by getting out of the femtosecond regime.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures
Object Detection Enhanced AR Platform for Assembly Instructions
Creators: name: Huang, Hank
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Human-computer interaction
Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: Augmented reality (AR) is beginning to show promise for training workers in industry. However, current methods of making AR instructions for training require technical expertise and high time cost. This thesis presents an AR instruction authoring system for assembly tasks through reducing the AR registration pipeline and keeping the creation process in-situ. We explore the design of an AR interface integrated with an object detection algorithm to accelerate AR registration. We developed an AR-based system to create tutorial content by capturing subject matter expert (SME) environment-object interactions along with voice instructions. To validate the design, a two part evaluation study deployed the system in 3 different real world spatial tasks. The first part showed that expert participants were able to create task instructions faster than other mediums through AR. The second part revealed expert AR instructions can successfully help novice users complete their tasks. The results were used to refine the design into a system that also captures and overlays 2D video in AR.
Evolution of a ring around the Pluto-Charon binary
Creators: name: Bromley, B. C.
name: Kenyon, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the formation of satellites around the Pluto-Charon binary. An early collision between the two partners likely produced the binary and a narrow ring of debris, out of which arose the moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra. How the satellites emerged from the compact ring is uncertain. Here we show that a particle ring spreads from physical collisions and collective gravitational scattering, similar to migration. Around a binary, these processes take place in the reference frames of "most circular" orbits, akin to circular ones in a Keplerian potential. Ring particles damp to these orbits and avoid destructive collisions. Damping and diffusion also help particles survive dynamical instabilities driven by resonances with the binary. In some situations, particles become trapped near resonances that sweep outward with the tidal evolution of the Pluto-Charon binary. With simple models and numerical experiments, we show how the Pluto-Charon impact ring may have expanded into a broad disk, out of which grew the circumbinary moons. In some scenarios, the ring can spread well beyond the orbit of Hydra, the most distant moon, to form a handful of smaller satellites. If these small moons exist, New Horizons will find them.
description: 44 pages of text, 10 figures, ApJ, accepted. (In this version, Section 2 and Figure 1 are new, outlining our approach to the problem of satellite formation around the Pluto-Charon binary.)
Path integral simulation of exchange interactions in CMOS spin qubits
Creators: name: Cifuentes, Jesús D.
name: Mai, Philip Y.
name: Schlattner, Frédéric
name: Ercan, H. Ekmel
name: Feng, MengKe
name: Escott, Christopher C.
name: Dzurak, Andrew S.
name: Saraiva, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The boom of semiconductor quantum computing platforms created a demand for computer-aided design and fabrication of quantum devices. Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) can have an important role in this effort because it intrinsically integrates strong quantum correlations that often appear in these multi-electron systems. In this paper we present a PIMC algorithm that estimates exchange interactions of three-dimensional electrically defined quantum dots. We apply this model to silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices and we benchmark our method against well-tested full configuration interaction (FCI) simulations. As an application, we study the impact of a single charge trap on two exchanging dots, opening the possibility of using this code to test the tolerance to disorder of CMOS devices. This algorithm provides an accurate description of this system, setting up an initial step to integrate PIMC algorithms into development of semiconductor quantum computers.
description: 10 pages , 5 figures
Practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of common frailty screening instruments within general practice settings: a mixed methods study: BMC Primary Care
Creators: name: Beilby, Justin
name: Ambagtsheer, Rachel
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aged health care

description: Background: Frailty is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome increasing older people’s vulnerability to risk of adverse outcomes. Better frailty identification through expanded screening implementation has been advocated within general practice settings, both internationally and within Australia. However, little is known about practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of specific instruments, and the underlying motivations behind those perceptions. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of a convenience and volunteer sample of Australian general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses (PNs) towards common frailty screening instruments. Methods: The feasibility of several frailty screening instruments (PRISMA-7 [P7], Edmonton Frail Scale [EFS], FRAIL Questionnaire [FQ], Gait Speed Test [GST], Groningen Frailty Indicator [GFI], Kihon Checklist [KC] and Timed Up and Go [TUG]) to 43 Australian GPs and PNs was assessed. The study adopted a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design incorporating quantitative (ranking exercise) and qualitative (content analysis) data collection integrated during the analysis phase. Results: Practitioners assessed multi-dimensional instruments (EFS, GFI, KC) as having relatively higher clinical utility, better integration into existing assessment processes and stronger links to intervention over uni-dimensional (GST, TUG) and simple (FQ, P7) instruments. Conclusions: While existing frailty screening instruments show promise as an initial step in supporting better care for older people, all the included instruments were associated with perceived advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, clinicians will need to weigh several factors in their selection of the optimal screening instrument. Further translational research, with a focus on contextual fit, is needed to support clinical decision-making on the selection of instruments for frailty screening. © 2022, The Author(s).
Optimization of Rate-Splitting Multiple Access in Beyond Diagonal RIS-assisted URLLC Systems
Creators: name: Soleymani, Mohammad
name: Santamaria, Ignacio
name: Jorswieck, Eduard
name: Clerckx, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a general optimization framework for rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) in beyond diagonal (BD) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) systems. This framework can provide a suboptimal solution for a large family of optimization problems in which the objective and/or constraints are linear functions of the rates and/or energy efficiency (EE) of users. Using this framework, we show that RSMA and RIS can be mutually beneficial tools when the system is overloaded, i.e., when the number of users per cell is higher than the number of base station (BS) antennas. Additionally, we show that the benefits of RSMA increase when the packets are shorter and/or the reliability constraint is more stringent. Furthermore, we show that the RSMA benefits increase with the number of users per cell and decrease with the number of BS antennas. Finally, we show that RIS (either diagonal or BD) can highly improve the system performance, and BD-RIS outperforms regular RIS.
description: Accepted at IEEE Transaction of Wireless Communications
Element resolved evidence of superdiffusive terahertz spin current arising from ultrafast demagnetization process
Creators: name: Gupta, R.
name: Cosco, F.
name: Malik, R. S.
name: Chen, X.
name: Saha, S.
name: Ghosh, A.
name: Pohlmann, T.
name: Mardegan, J. R. L.
name: Francoual, S.
name: Stefanuik, R.
name: Soderstrom, J.
name: Sanyal, B.
name: Karis, O.
name: Svedlindh, P.
name: Oppeneer, P. M.
name: Knut, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using element-specific measurements of the ultrafast demagnetization of Ru/Fe$_{65}$Co$_{35}$ heterostructures, we show that Ru can exhibit a significant magnetic contrast (3% asymmetry) resulting from ultrafast spin currents emanating from the demagnetization process of the FeCo layer. We use this magnetic contrast to investigate how superdiffusive spin currents are affected by the doping of heavy elements in the FeCo layer. We find that the spin currents are strongly suppressed, and that the recovery process in Ru slows down, by Re doping. This is in accordance with a change in interface reflectivity of spin currents as found by the superdiffusive spin transport model.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
[Slides] HIPE 2022 Evaluation Lab - Named Entity Processing in Multilingual Historical Documents
Creators: name: Maud, Ehrmann
name: Matteo, Romanello
name: Najem-Meyer, Sven
name: Doucet, Antoine
name: Simon, Clematide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Named entity recognition and classification
Entity linking
Historical texts
Information extraction
Digitised newspapers
Classical commentaries
Digital humanities

description: Slide from the Lab Overview presentation at CLEF 2022, Bologna, Italy.
 See also the corresponding paper: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/295816
Gauss-Bonnet Dark Energy and the Speed of Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Díaz, José Jaime Terente
name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Karčiauskas, Mindaugas
name: Racioppi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauss-Bonnet Dark Energy has been a popular model to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Quite generically it also predicts the speed of gravitational waves $c_{GW}$ to be different from the speed of light. This fact alone led some authors to exclude such models in view of the new tight observational constraints on $c_{GW}$. However, the behaviour of $c_{GW}$ depends on the choice of the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling function. It is possible to construct models where $c_{GW}$ is always equal to the speed of light. More generally, $c_{GW}$ is a time dependent function with instances where both speeds coincide. Nevertheless, we observe that the bound on $c_{GW}$ excludes scenarios where the GB term directly affects the expansion of the Universe, even if the constraint on the variation of the coupling function does not appear to be strong. We perform the dynamical systems analysis to see if the expansion of the Universe could be affected indirectly by modulating the behaviour of the scalar field, which modulates the GB coupling. It is shown that either the bounds on $c_{GW}$ are violated by many orders of magnitude, or it might be very difficult to find models that are consistent with other cosmological observations.
description: Some plots fixed and improved, new Appendix section added
Common envelope binary interaction simulations between a thermally-pulsating AGB star and a low mass companion
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Bolivar, Miguel
name: De Marco, Orsola
name: Lau, Mike Y. M.
name: Hirai, Ryosuke
name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At least one in five of all planetary nebulae are the product of a common envelope (CE) interaction, where the companion in-spirals into the envelope of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star ejecting the nebula and leaving behind a compact binary. In this work we carry out 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the CE interaction between a 1.7 $M_{\odot}$ AGB star and a 0.6 $M_{\odot}$ companion. We model the AGB structure using a 1D stellar model taken at the seventh thermal pulse. The interaction takes place when the giant is on the expanding phase of the seventh thermal pulse and has a radius of 250 $R_{\odot}$. The post-CE orbital separations varies between 20 and 31 $R_{\odot}$, with the inclusion of recombination energy resulting in wider separations. Based on the observed short in-spiral time-scales, we suggest that thermal pulses can trigger CEs, extending the ability of AGB stars to capture companions into CEs, that would lead to the prediction of a larger population of post-AGB, post-CE binaries. Simulations that include a tabulated equation of state unbind a great deal more gas, likely unbinding the entire envelope on short time-scales. The shape of the CE after the in-spiral is more spherical for AGB than red giant branch stars, and even more so if recombination energy is included. We expect that the planetary nebula formed from this CE will have different features from those predicted by Zou et al. 2020.
description: 17 pages excluding appendices, 17 figures, Accepted on MNRAS
The stages of Hera: deconstructing the sacred marriage
Creators: name: Topalidis, George
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Since the early 19th century, scholarship has been captivated by the idea of the hieros gamos, or ‘sacred marriage’, of Hera, the matrimonial goddess par excellence. Believed to constitute the principal aspect of the goddess’ cultic sphere, the hieros gamos not only refers to her mythological marriage to Zeus, but also its alleged ritual performance at several of Hera’s cult-sites. It is often thought that this ritual involved the traditional stages of the Greek marital ceremony, with Hera’s cult-statue being given a nuptial bath, veiled, conducted in bridal procession, and placed on a decorated marital couch; this is allegedly detectable in literary, iconographic, and archaeological sources. This thesis is a critical examination of the existence of the hieros gamos in Hera’s mythology and cultic sphere. It subjects both modern scholarship and primary evidence to scrutiny and alternate interpretations, focussing on the cult-sites that have traditionally been held to have hosted the hieros gamos ritual: Athens, Plataia, Argos, and Samos. Through the systematic assessment of each piece of evidence substantiating the hieros gamos, the concept is deconstructed into its constituent parts and questioned. I demonstrate that a hieros gamos cannot be justified in its traditional iteration at any of Hera’s cult-sites, nor in her mythology. Rather, the concept itself is received doctrine from 19th century thought, and has ‘matrimonialised’ many elements of the goddess’ cult-worship.
ODISSEI FAIR @Open Science Festival
Creators: name: Van Der Meer, Lucas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Data infrastructure
open science
FAIR

description: At the Open Science Festival 2022, ODISSEI's CTO Lucas van der Meer presented his vision on FAIR to answer the big scientific question of these times, such as fighting polarisation.How does one find or link datasets? Turn a thousand datasets into a network of the Netherlands? Link the constructs and measurements of survey questions to one another? Determine access conditions for sensitive datasets? Stimulate machine-readability of code?The answer: a FAIR, automated, scalable infrastructure. FAIR doesn't just apply to data, but also to metadata, measurements, researcher properties, dataset licenses, and code. ODISSEI is the Dutch national infrastructure for the social sciences
Dirichlet spectrum for one linear form
Creators: name: Schleischitz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J06, 11J13

description: For $n\geq 2$, we determine the Dirichlet spectrum in $\Rn$ with respect to a linear form and the maximum norm as the entire interval $[0,1]$. This natural result improves on recent work of Beresnevich, Guan, Marnat, Ramírez and Velani, and complements a subsequent paper by the author where the analogous result was proved for simultaneous approximation. Various generalisations that can be obtained by similar methods as in the latter paper are indicated. We believe that our results are an important step towards resolving the very open analogous problem for a general system of linear forms.
description: 9 pages
Predicting convective blueshift and radial-velocity dispersion due to granulation for FGK stars
Creators: name: Dalal, S.
name: Haywood, R. D.
name: Mortier, A.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Meunier, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To detect Earth-mass planets using the Doppler method, a major obstacle is to differentiate the planetary signal from intrinsic stellar variability (e.g., pulsations, granulation, spots and plages). Convective blueshift, which results from small-scale convection at the surface of Sun-like stars, is relevant for Earth-twin detections as it exhibits Doppler noise on the order of 1 m/s. Here, we present a simple model for convective blueshift based on fundamental equations of stellar structure. Our model successfully matches observations of convective blueshift for FGK stars. Based on our model, we also compute the intrinsic noise floor for stellar granulation in the radial velocity observations. We find that for a given mass range, stars with higher metallicities display lower radial-velocity dispersion due to granulation, in agreement with MHD simulations. We also provide a set of formulae to predict the amplitude of radial-velocity dispersion due to granulation as a function of stellar parameters. Our work is vital in identifying the most amenable stellar targets for EPRV surveys and radial velocity follow-up programmes for TESS, CHEOPS, and the upcoming PLATO mission.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Published in MNRAS
Fluctuation Exponents of the KPZ equation on a large torus
Creators: name: Dunlap, Alexander
name: Gu, Yu
name: Komorowski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the one-dimensional KPZ equation on a large torus, started at equilibrium. The main results are optimal variance bounds in the super-relaxation regime and part of the relaxation regime.
description: v2, minor revision, 34 pages, 2 figures, final version
Modular architecture facilitates noise-driven control of synchrony in neuronal networks
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Hideaki
name: Spitzner, F. Paul
name: Takemuro, Taiki
name: Buendía, Victor
name: Morante, Carla
name: Konno, Tomohiro
name: Sato, Shigeo
name: Hirano-Iwata, Ayumi
name: Priesemann, Viola
name: Muñoz, Miguel A.
name: Zierenberg, Johannes
name: Soriano, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Brain functions require both segregated processing of information in specialized circuits, as well as integration across circuits to perform high-level information processing. One possible way to implement these seemingly opposing demands is by flexibly switching between synchronous and less synchronous states. Understanding how complex synchronization patterns are controlled by the interaction of network architecture and external perturbations is thus a central challenge in neuroscience, but the mechanisms behind such interactions remain elusive. Here, we utilise precision neuroengineering to manipulate cultured neuronal networks and show that a modular architecture facilitates desynchronization upon asynchronous stimulation, making external noise a control parameter of synchrony. Using spiking neuron models, we then demonstrate that external noise can reduce the level of available synaptic resources, which make intermodular interactions more stochastic and thereby facilitates the breakdown of synchrony. Finally, the phenomenology of stochastic intermodular interactions is formulated into a mesoscopic model that incorporates a state-dependent gating mechanism for signal propagation. Taken together, our results demonstrate a network mechanism by which asynchronous inputs tune the inherent dynamical state in structured networks of excitable units.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Laws beyond spacetime
Creators: name: Lam, Vincent
name: Wüthrich, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravity's suggestion that spacetime may be emergent and so only exist contingently would force a radical reconception of extant analyses of laws of nature. Humeanism presupposes a spatiotemporal mosaic of particular matters of fact on which laws supervene; primitivism and dispositionalism conceive of the action of primitive laws or of dispositions as a process of `nomic production' unfolding over time. We show how the Humean supervenience basis of non-modal facts and primitivist or dispositionalist accounts of nomic production can be reconceived, avoiding a reliance on fundamental spacetime. However, it is unclear that naturalistic forms of Humeanism can maintain their commitment to there being no necessary connections among distinct entities. Furthermore, non-temporal conceptions of production render this central concept more elusive than before. In fact, the challenges run so deep that the survival of the investigated analyses into the era of quantum gravity is questionable.
description: Forthcoming in Synthese; 20 pages
Improving Short Text Classification With Augmented Data Using GPT-3
Creators: name: Balkus, Salvador
name: Yan, Donghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: GPT-3 is a large-scale natural language model developed by OpenAI that can perform many different tasks, including topic classification. Although researchers claim that it requires only a small number of in-context examples to learn a task, in practice GPT-3 requires these training examples to be either of exceptional quality or a higher quantity than easily created by hand. To address this issue, this study teaches GPT-3 to classify whether a question is related to data science by augmenting a small training set with additional examples generated by GPT-3 itself. This study compares two classifiers: the GPT-3 Classification Endpoint with augmented examples, and the GPT-3 Completion Endpoint with an optimal training set chosen using a genetic algorithm. We find that while the augmented Completion Endpoint achieves upwards of 80 percent validation accuracy, using the augmented Classification Endpoint yields more consistent accuracy on unseen examples. In this way, giving large-scale machine learning models like GPT-3 the ability to propose their own additional training examples can result in improved classification performance.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Natural Language Engineering
Workforce innovation: Embracing emerging technologies
Creators: name: Beilby, Justin
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
Medical biotechnology not elsewhere classified
Medicine, nursing and health curriculum and pedagogy

description: Background: In a rapidly evolving digital world, it is crucial that general practice embraces the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in a real and proactive manner.
Objective: Using examples of AI and VR, the article outlines some of the benefits and challenges we face in integrating these digital tools into daily clinical practice and our training programs.
Discussion: It is clear that AI and VR digital innovations will continue to grow in significance, with more and more options being offered to clinicians. As we increase our understanding of the benefits of these technologies, adapting our traditional curricula and daily clinical practice will require an openness to change. This is somewhat easier with VR, as it is a low-risk intervention that is providing an additional clinical intervention modality. AI is generating more challenges that will require a balanced, ongoing discussion involving clinicians and AI practitioners.
Undecidability of Network Coding, Conditional Information Inequalities, and Conditional Independence Implication
Creators: name: Li, Cheuk Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We resolve three long-standing open problems, namely the (algorithmic) decidability of network coding, the decidability of conditional information inequalities, and the decidability of conditional independence implication among random variables, by showing that these problems are undecidable. The proof utilizes a construction inspired by Herrmann's arguments on embedded multivalued database dependencies, a network studied by Dougherty, Freiling and Zeger, together with a novel construction to represent group automorphisms on top of the network.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
On the Learning Dynamics of Attention Networks
Creators: name: Vashisht, Rahul
name: Ramaswamy, Harish G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attention models are typically learned by optimizing one of three standard loss functions that are variously called -- soft attention, hard attention, and latent variable marginal likelihood (LVML) attention. All three paradigms are motivated by the same goal of finding two models -- a `focus' model that `selects' the right \textit{segment} of the input and a `classification' model that processes the selected segment into the target label. However, they differ significantly in the way the selected segments are aggregated, resulting in distinct dynamics and final results. We observe a unique signature of models learned using these paradigms and explain this as a consequence of the evolution of the classification model under gradient descent when the focus model is fixed. We also analyze these paradigms in a simple setting and derive closed-form expressions for the parameter trajectory under gradient flow. With the soft attention loss, the focus model improves quickly at initialization and splutters later on. On the other hand, hard attention loss behaves in the opposite fashion. Based on our observations, we propose a simple hybrid approach that combines the advantages of the different loss functions and demonstrates it on a collection of semi-synthetic and real-world datasets
description: Proceedings at ECAI-2023 IOS Press
The Biology of Phylogenetic
Creators: name: Umar, Ahmad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Phylogenetic, Phylogeny, Phylogenome, Software

description: Slide deck of my talk about the biology of phylogenetic.Phylogenies represent evolutionary relationships and observe how relatedness are genes, genomes and species. I also talked about the application of phylogenetic in forensic investigation, in bioinformatics and computing, in identifying pathogen for surveillance and in classification.