cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Boson-Hubbard Model on a Kagome Lattice with Sextic Ring-Exchange Terms
Creators: name: Rousseau, Valéry
name: Tam, Ka-Ming
name: Jarrell, Mark
name: Moreno, Juana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High order ring-exchange interactions are crucial for the study of quantum fluctuations on highly frustrated systems. We present the first exact quantum Monte Carlo study of a model of hard-core bosons with sixth order ring-exchange interactions on a two-dimensional kagome lattice. By using the Stochastic Green Function algorithm, we show that the system becomes unstable in the limit of large ring-exchange interactions. It undergoes a phase separation at all fillings, except at 1/3 and 2/3 fillings for which the superfluid density vanishes and an unusual mixed valence bond and charge density ordered solid is formed.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
title: Grazing Pressure Of Mesozooplankton Under Anthropogenic Impact In Ushuaia Bay, Argentina
Creators: name: Diodato, Soledad Lorena
name: Hoffmeyer, Mónica Susana
name: Biancalana, Florencia
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Ushuaia Bay (on the Northern coast of Beagle Channel, Argentina) is under incipient ecological damage due to discharges of pollutants (sewage and industrial effluents, hydrocarbons and urban wastes). As coastal zooplankton tolerates environmental stress and responds quickly to anthropogenic changes, it is an excellent indicator of the ecosystem health. Feeding is therefore a key issue in the study of trophic interactions
Temperature and humidity based projections of a rapid rise in global heat stress exposure during the 21st century
Creators: name: Coffel, Ethan
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: De Sherbinin, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Heat--Physiological effect
Humidity--Physiological effect
Atmospheric temperature
Humidity
Climatic changes

description: As a result of global increases in both temperature and specific humidity, heat stress is projected to intensify throughout the 21st century. Some of the regions most susceptible to dangerous heat and humidity combinations are also among the most densely populated. Consequently, there is the potential for widespread exposure to wet bulb temperatures that approach and in some cases exceed postulated theoretical limits of human tolerance by mid- to late-century. We project that by 2080 the relative frequency of present-day extreme wet bulb temperature events could rise by a factor of 100–250 (approximately double the frequency change projected for temperature alone) in the tropics and parts of the mid-latitudes, areas which are projected to contain approximately half the world's population. In addition, population exposure to wet bulb temperatures that exceed recent deadly heat waves may increase by a factor of five to ten, with 150–750 million person-days of exposure to wet bulb temperatures above those seen in today's most severe heat waves by 2070–2080. Under RCP 8.5, exposure to wet bulb temperatures above 35 °C—the theoretical limit for human tolerance—could exceed a million person-days per year by 2080. Limiting emissions to follow RCP 4.5 entirely eliminates exposure to that extreme threshold. Some of the most affected regions, especially Northeast India and coastal West Africa, currently have scarce cooling infrastructure, relatively low adaptive capacity, and rapidly growing populations. In the coming decades heat stress may prove to be one of the most widely experienced and directly dangerous aspects of climate change, posing a severe threat to human health, energy infrastructure, and outdoor activities ranging from agricultural production to military training.
Projected drought risk in 1.5°C and 2°C warmer climates
Creators: name: Lehner, Flavio
name: Coats, Sloan John
name: Stocker, Thomas F.
name: Pendergrass, Angeline G.
name: Sanderson, Benjamin M.
name: Raible, Christoph C.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Climatology
Droughts
Drought forecasting
Drought forecasting--Mathematical models

description: The large socioeconomic costs of droughts make them a crucial target for impact assessments of climate change scenarios. Using multiple drought metrics and a set of simulations with the Community Earth System Model targeting 1.5°C and 2°C above preindustrial global mean temperatures, we investigate changes in aridity and the risk of consecutive drought years. If warming is limited to 2°C, these simulations suggest little change in drought risk for the U.S. Southwest and Central Plains compared to present day. In the Mediterranean and central Europe, however, drought risk increases significantly for both 1.5°C and 2°C warming targets, and the additional 0.5°C of the 2°C climate leads to significantly higher drought risk. Our study suggests that limiting anthropogenic warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C, as aspired to by the Paris Climate Agreement, may have benefits for future drought risk but that such benefits may be regional and in some cases highly uncertain.
Racial/ethnic differences in trends in heroin use and heroin-related risk behaviors among nonmedical prescription opioid users
Creators: name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Santaella Tenorio, Julian
name: Marshall, Brandon D. L.
name: Martinez, Adriana Maldonado
name: Cerdá, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medication abuse
Opioids
Opioid abuse
Heroin
Heroin abuse
Health and race

description: Background: This study examines changing patterns of past-year heroin use and heroin-related risk behaviors among individuals with nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) by racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods: We used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2002 to 2005 and 2008 to 2011, resulting in a total sample of N = 448,597. Results: Past-year heroin use increased among individuals with NMUPO and increases varied by frequency of past year NMUPO and race/ethnicity. Those with NMUPO in the 2008–2011 period had almost twice the odds of heroin use as those with NMUPO in the 2002–2005 period (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.39), with higher increases in non-Hispanic (NH) Whites and Hispanics. In 2008–2011, the risk of past year heroin use, ever injecting heroin, past-year heroin abuse or dependence, and the perception of availability of heroin increased as the frequency of NMUPO increased across respondents of all race/ethnicities. Conclusion: Individuals with NMUPO, particularly non-Hispanic Whites, are at high risk of heroin use and heroin-related risk behaviors. These results suggest that frequent nonmedical users of prescription opioids, regardless of race/ethnicity, should be the focus of novel public health efforts to prevent and mitigate the harms of heroin use.
Sustainable road safety : developing community-based macro-level collision prediction models of increased bicycle use in the Regional District of Central Okanagan
Creators: name: Wei, Feng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Since the energy crisis, global warming, transportation congestion, and road safety issues, governments and individuals are more willing to use sustainable transportation modes to support the development of compact neighbourhoods. Bicycling, as one of the most effective modes for short-distance trips, is widely encouraged. However, as vulnerable road users (VRUs), cyclists are more likely to be injured when they are involved in collisions. In order to prevent bicycle collisions from occurring, it is necessary to conduct proactive evaluation of cyclists’ road safety. Community-based, macro-level collision prediction models, as prospective empirical tools to evaluate and predict road safety, have been suggested in reactive road safety applications and road safety planning. This research reviews previous studies on road safety and bicycle use and summarizes different regression methods for collision prediction model (CPM) development. On the basis of insights gained in the literature review, community-based, macro-level CPMs related to bicycle use were developed using the generalized linear regression (GLM), zero-inflated count regression (ZIC), geographically weighted regression (GWR), and full Bayesian (FB) methods, based on data from the Regional District of Central Okanagan (RDCO) of British Columbia, Canada. The statistical associations of total/severe/bike-vehicle collisions and their neighbourhood traits, which were derived from these model results, are reasonable. In the reactive road safety application of macro-level black spot study, bike-vehicle collision prone zones (CPZs) were identified and ranked in the RDCO with the developed GLM and FB collision prediction models and preliminary diagnoses and remedies for these CPZs are suggested. Finally, data gaps for macro-level CPM development were identified. In order to improve data quality and linkage, several suggestions about how to build an integrated data warehouse for vulnerable road user collisions are proposed.
A munkaerő-piaci integráció hatásai, különös tekintettel a magatartás és életminőség változásaira
Creators: name: Meisznerné Kuklek, Noémi
name: Pusztafalvi, Henriette
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 4. ISSN 2498-5368
AMI observations of unmatched Planck ERCSC LFI sources at 15.75 GHz
Creators: name: Consortium, AMI
name: :
name: Perrott, Yvette C.
name: Green, David A.
name: Davies, Matthew L.
name: Franzen, Thomas M. O.
name: Grainge, Keith J. B.
name: Hobson, Michael P.
name: Hurley-Walker, Natasha
name: Lasenby, Anthony N.
name: Olamaie, Malak
name: Pooley, Guy G.
name: Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, Carmen
name: Saunders, Richard D. E.
name: Scaife, Anna M. M.
name: Schammel, Michel P.
name: Scott, Paul F.
name: Shimwell, Timothy W.
name: Titterington, David J.
name: Waldram, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue includes 26 sources with no obvious matches in other radio catalogues (of primarily extragalactic sources). Here we present observations made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Small Array (AMI SA) at 15.75 GHz of the eight of the unmatched sources at declination > +10 degrees. Of the eight, four are detected and are associated with known objects. The other four are not detected with the AMI SA, and are thought to be spurious.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
title: Food-web models as tools for ecosystem-based management
Creators: name: Rossberg, Axel G.
name: Reid, David
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.We discuss the population dynamical matching model, a food-web model reproducing the general properties of complex marine communities. It is emphasized that the evolutionary assembly process, as implemented in the model, is essential for obtaining model communities with realistic stability properties.
Experimental dynamical seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity at IRI
Creators: name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Barnston, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: The International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) has been issuing experimental seasonal tropical cyclone activity forecasts for several ocean basins since early 2003. In this paper the method used to obtain these forecasts is described and the forecast performance is evaluated. The forecasts are based on tropical cyclone–like features detected and tracked in a low-resolution climate model, namely ECHAM4.5. The simulation skill of the model using historical observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over several decades, as well as with SST anomalies persisted from the previous month’s observations, is discussed. These simulation skills are compared with skills of purely statistically based hindcasts using as predictors recently observed SSTs. For the recent 6-yr period during which real-time forecasts have been made, the skill of the raw model output is compared with that of the subjectively modified probabilistic forecasts actually issued. Despite variations from one basin to another, the levels of hindcast skill for the dynamical and statistical forecast approaches are found, overall, to be approximately equivalent at fairly modest but statistically significant levels. The dynamical forecasts require statistical postprossessing (calibration) to be competitive with, and in some circumstances superior to, the statistical models. Skill levels decrease only slowly with increasing lead time up to 2–3 months. During the recent period of real-time forecasts, the issued forecasts have had higher probabilistic skill than the raw model output, due to the forecasters’ subjective elimination of the “overconfidence” bias in the model’s forecasts. Prospects for the future improvement of dynamical tropical cyclone prediction are considered.
A 119-125 GeV Higgs from a string derived slice of the CMSSM
Creators: name: Aparicio, L.
name: Cerdeno, D. G.
name: Ibanez, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent experimental hints for a relatively heavy Higgs with a mass in the range 119-125 GeV favour supersymmetric scenarios with a large mixing in the stop mass matrix. It has been shown that this is possible in the constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM), but only for a very specific relation between the trilinear parameter and the soft scalar mass, favouring A ~ -2m for a relatively light spectrum, and sizable values of tan(beta). We describe here a string-derived scheme in which the first condition is automatic and the second arises as a consequence of imposing radiative EW symmetry breaking and viable neutralino dark matter in agreement with WMAP constraints. More specifically, we consider modulus dominated SUSY-breaking in Type II string compactifications and show that it leads to a very predictive CMSSM-like scheme, with small departures due to background fluxes. Imposing the above constraints leaves only one free parameter, which corresponds to an overall scale. We show that in this construction $A=-3\sqrt{2}m\approx -2m$ and in the allowed parameter space tan(beta)=38-41, leading to 119 GeV < m_h < 125 GeV. We determine the detectability of this model and show that it could start being probed by the LHC at 7(8) TeV with a luminosity of 5(2) fb^-1, and the whole parameter space would be accessible for 14 TeV and 25 fb^-1. Furthermore, this scenario can host a long-lived stau with the right properties to lead to catalyzed BBN. We finally argue that anthropic arguments could favour the highest value for the Higgs mass that is compatible with neutralino dark matter, i.e., m_h~125 GeV.
description: Effects of the new constraint on Bs->mu+mu- included. Final version to appear in JHEP. 45 pages, 14 figures
title: A Mass-Balance Ecopath Model of Greek Ionian Sea (E Mediterranean): A preliminary approach
Creators: name: Moutopoulos, Dimitrios K
name: Libralato, Simone
name: Solidoro, Cosimo
name: Stergiou, Konstantinos I.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A trophic mass-balance Ecopath model has been developed to describe the food web structure of the coastal areas in Greek Ionian Sea (E Mediterranean) during the 1990s, a period characterized by the modernization of Greek fishery vessels, and the decreasing trends of most commercially important species landings. Along Ionian Sea coasts (the second larger sea area of Greek waters) operating a variety of commercial fisheries including, trawlers, purse seiners, beach seiners and small coastal boats. The present study attempts to assemble and summarize the existing information related with fisheries (reconstructed Greek marine fisheries landings), biological (life-history parameters and diet composition) and operational (fishing effort) aspects. Functional groups include target and non-target fish species and invertebrate groups, as well as species protected under specific conservation schemes such as dolphins and marine turtles. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses on critical functional groups and parameters of the Ecopath model would enhance the representation of the ecosystem studied and set the baseline towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries in an ecologically important area.
A new archive of large volcanic events over the past millennium derived from reconstructed summer temperatures
Creators: name: Schneider, L.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Pretis, Felix
name: Hartl-Meier, C.
name: Esper, J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Volcanic eruptions
Earth temperature--Effect of volcanic eruptions on
Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology

description: Information about past volcanic impact on climate is mostly derived from historic documentary data and sulfate depositions in polar ice sheets. Although these archives have provided important insights into the Earth's volcanic eruption history, the climate forcing and exact dating of many events is still vague. Here we apply a new method of break detection to the first millennium-length maximum latewood density reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures to develop an alternative record of large volcanic eruptions. The analysis returns fourteen outstanding cooling events, all of which agree well with recently developed volcanic forcing records from high-resolution bipolar ice cores. In some cases, however, the climatic impact detected with our new method peaks in neighboring years, likely due to either dating errors in the polar ice cores or uncertainty in the interpretation of atmospheric aerosol transport to polar ice core locations. The most apparent mismatches between forcing and cooling estimates occur in the 1450s and 1690s. Application of the algorithm to two additional and recently developed reconstructions that blend maximum latewood density and ring width data reproduces twelve of the detected events among which eight are retrieved in all three of the dendroclimatic reconstructions. Collectively, the new estimates of volcanic activity with precise age control provide independent evidence for forcing records during the last millennium. Evaluating the cooling magnitude in response to detected events yields an upper benchmark for the volcanic impact on climate. The average response to the ten major events in the density derived reconstruction is −0.60 °C ± 0.13 °C. Other last millennium temperature records from proxies and model simulations reveal higher cooling estimates, which is, to some degree, related to the very different high frequency variance in these timeseries.
La investigación científica sobre los recursos genéticos: reflexiones jurídicas
Creators: name: Roberto, Cippitani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Genetic resources, Nagoya Protocol, European Union Law, Research

description: La libertad de investigación es reconocida y protegida por las normas constitucionales y por las fuentes internacionales y supranacionales (como las de la Unión Europea).

Entre ellas, en particular, se afirma la necesidad de apoyar la investigación sobre las informaciones genéticas humanas (véase en particular la Convención de Oviedo y el Protocolo adicional sobre la investigación

biomédica) y también con referencia a los recursos genéticos, como establecen en particular el Protocolo de Nagoya, el Tratado Internacional sobre los Recursos Fitogenéticos para Alimentación y para Agricultura, así

como el Reglamento de la Unión Europea no. 511/2014 que ratifica el Protocolo de Nagoya.

La actitud favorable de la legislación sobre la libertad de investigación puede resultar obstaculizada por el enfoque propietario previsto por las fuentes internacionales que parecen dejar a los Estados la última palabra sobre el uso de los recursos genéticos.

En efecto, las fuentes jurídicas utilizan un “enfoque propietario” que se expresa mediante la afirmación de soberanía del Estado sobre los recursos genéticos.

Sin embargo, para no menoscabar la libertad de investigación, se debe poner en marcha una interpretación coherente y equilibrada de las fuentes, de manera que no se limite de manera arbitraria la actividad científica.
Age of first arrest varies by gambling status in a cohort of young adults
Creators: name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Lee, Grace P.
name: Santaella Tenorio, Julian
name: Liu, Weiwei
name: Ialongo, Nicholas S.
name: Storr, Carla L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Gambling
Compulsive gambling
Health behavior in adolescence
Mental health
Juvenile delinquency

description: Background and Objectives: To describe the association between social and problem gambling and first criminal arrest by age 23 in a cohort of urban, mainly African-American youth. Methods: Data for this study were derived from several annual interviews being completed on a community sample of 617 participants during late adolescence until age 23. Information on gambling status, engagement in deviant behaviors, illegal drug use, and arrest history were collected through yearly interviews. Analysis was carried out using Nelson–Aalen cumulative hazard models and simple and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results: More problem gamblers had been arrested before age 23 than social gamblers and non-gamblers, ie, 65% of problem gamblers were arrested before age 23, compared to 38% of social gamblers and 24% non-gamblers. Social gambling was only significantly associated with the hazard of first arrest by age 23 in the unadjusted model (HR: 1.6, p
Temperature Covariance in Tree Ring Reconstructions and Model Simulations Over the Past Millennium
Creators: name: Hartl-Meier, C.
name: Büntgen, Ulf
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Zorita, Eduardo
name: Krusic, Paul J.
name: Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.
name: Schneider, L.
name: Esper, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Dendroclimatology
Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology

description: Spatial covariance in the simulated temperature evolution over the past millennium has been reported to exceed that of multiproxy-based reconstructions. Here we use tree ring-based temperature reconstructions and state-of-the-art climate model simulations to assess temporal changes in Northern Hemisphere intercontinental temperature covariance during the last 1000 years. Tree ring-only approaches reveal stronger agreement with model simulations compared to multiproxy networks. Although simulated temperatures exhibit a substantial spread among individual models, intercontinental temperature coherency is mainly driven by the cooling of large volcanic eruptions in 1257, 1452, 1600, and 1815 Common Era. The coherence of these synchronizing events appears to be elevated in several climate simulations relative to their own unforced covariance baselines and in comparison to the proxy reconstructions. This suggests that some models likely overestimate the amplitude of abrupt summer cooling in response to volcanic eruptions, particularly at larger spatial scales.
Frustrated Quantum Spin Models with Cold Coulomb Crystals
Creators: name: Bermudez, A.
name: Almeida, J.
name: Schmidt-Kaler, F.
name: Retzker, A.
name: Plenio, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit the geometry of a zig-zag cold-ion crystal in a linear trap to propose the quantum simulation of a paradigmatic model of long-ranged magnetic frustration. Such a quantum simulation would clarify the complex features of a rich phase diagram that presents ferromagnetic, dimerized antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and floating phases, together with previously unnoticed features that are hard to assess by numerics. We analyze in detail its experimental feasibility, and provide supporting numerical evidence on the basis of realistic parameters in current ion-trap technology.
description: replaced with published version
title: Climate induced alterations of DOC levels in the Baltic Sea - implications on food web efficiency and fish production
Creators: name: Degerman, Rickard
name: Lefébure, Robert
name: Andersson, Agneta
name: Larsson, Stefan
name: Båmstedt, Ulf
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Climate change predictions indicate increased precipitation and consequently increased river runoff levels in the drainage area of the Baltic Sea, leading to a higher influx of terrestrial allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (ADOC)
Impacts of the Last Glacial Cycle on ground surface temperature reconstructions over the last millennium
Creators: name: Beltrami, Hugo
name: Matharoo, Gurpreet S.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Illanes, Lizett
name: Tarasov, Lev
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes
Earth temperature
Glacial climates

description: Borehole temperature profiles provide robust estimates of past ground surface temperature changes, in agreement with meteorological data. Nevertheless, past climatic changes such as the Last Glacial Cycle (LGC) generated thermal effects in the subsurface that affect estimates of recent climatic change from geothermal data. We use an ensemble of ice sheet simulations spanning the last 120 ka to assess the impact of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on recent ground surface temperature histories reconstructed from borehole temperature profiles over North America. When the thermal remnants of the LGC are removed, we find larger amounts of subsurface heat storage (2.8 times) and an increased warming of the ground surface over North America by 0.75 K, both relative to uncorrected borehole estimates.
Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, and Alcohol Craving in Adult Drinkers
Creators: name: Kim, June H.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Shmulewitz, Dvora
name: Santaella Tenorio, Julian
name: Wall, Melanie M.
name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Eaton, Nicholas R.
name: Krueger, Robert
name: Grant, Bridget F.
name: Hasin, Deborah S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Child psychiatry
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Alcoholism
Child abuse
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology

description: Background: Little is known about the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol craving in the general population, and whether a history of childhood maltreatment sensitizes individuals to crave alcohol after adult stressors. Methods: Participants were 22,147 past-year drinkers from Wave 2 (2004 to 2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. A structured, face-to-face interview assessed past-year stressful life events, alcohol craving, and history of childhood maltreatment. Logistic regression was used to generate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to evaluate the relationship between stressful life events and craving, adjusting for demographic characteristics and parental history of alcoholism. Interaction between stressful life events and childhood maltreatment was also assessed. Results: Compared to participants with no stressful life events, those with ≥3 events had increased odds of moderate alcohol craving (aOR = 3.15 [95% CI = 2.30 to 4.33]) and severe craving (aOR = 8.47 [95% CI = 4.78 to 15.01]). Stressful life events and childhood maltreatment interacted in predicting severe craving (p = 0.017); those with ≥3 events were at higher risk of craving if they had been exposed to childhood maltreatment. Conclusions: A direct relationship between stressful life events and risk of alcohol craving was observed. Further, history of childhood maltreatment increased the salience of stressful life events in adulthood. Future studies should examine the role of psychiatric comorbidity in more complex models of stress sensitization and alcohol craving.
title: Spawning Success of Farmed Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua): Effects of Photoperiod on Gonad Development in Sea Cages in Eastern Canada IES CM 2009
Creators: name: Trippel, Edward A.
name: Puckrin, Olivia A.
name: Neil, Steven R.E.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The use of extended daylength to suppress sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea cages has been successfully adopted by fish farmers. The same methods when applied to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) however, have been disappointing as gonadal development of cod in sea cages exposed to extended daylength is seasonally delayed but not arrested. Results of a set of photoperiod trials using 20 h and 24 h light in sea cages indicated that between 87-100% of fish achieved sexual maturation. The use of lights did however delay sexual maturation such that females were gravid for several months through summer. Grower diets currently used in Atlantic Canada have led to enlarged livers and this may also have played a role in disrupting normal gonadal development and affected gamete quality. Hepatosomatic indices were also well above those of wild cod. In Canada, the fate of drifting eggs from sea cages has not been evaluated. We discuss some of the biological and environmental conditions in the Bay of Fundy near cod cage sites and make inferences about the potential survivorship of embryo “escapes’. The extent of Atlantic cod farming in Canada is in a preliminary phase with limited concentration in the Bay of Fundy and coastal Newfoundland with no escaped juvenile or adult cod reported to date.
Two drunk ladies : the modernist drunk narrative and the female alcoholic in the fiction of Jean Rhys and Jane Bowles
Creators: name: Grizenko, Marisa Katherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis takes as its starting point the culturally potent figure of the alcoholic modernist, who, heroically facing existential despair, is predominantly gendered as male. Pointing to the absence of the female alcoholic as writer and subject in critical accounts of modernism, I argue that a drunk narrative, written by and about women, exists alongside the prototypical male narrative, and call for a re-examination of the modernist writer‘s relationship to alcohol. Exploring the historical and cultural contexts that have contributed to the gendering of alcoholism and drinking practices in general, as well as the gendering of the modernist artist in particular, I then consider how writers Jean Rhys and Jane Bowles articulate their vision of the drinking woman. Rhys‘s 1939 novel Good Morning, Midnight sees protagonist Sasha Jansen employing the discursive category of female drunk as a tool of resistance in Paris‘ patriarchal and capitalist urban economy. I situate her as tactically capitalizing, in a de Certeauan fashion, on her abjection and visibility. Bowles‘s 1943 novel Two Serious Ladies extends Sasha‘s individual drunkenness to an overarching, abstracted drunkenness that reflects the worldview of the text. I trace how drunkenness functions thematically and linguistically in the two female protagonists‘ existential quests. While identifying existing gaps in the scholarship, I also hope to gesture to rich areas of potential research and model a reading practice that explores female interventions in the male modernist drunk narrative.
Correlates of nonmedical use of stimulants and methamphetamine use in a national sample
Creators: name: Chen, Lian-Yu
name: Strain, Eric C.
name: Alexandre, Pierre Kebreau
name: Alexander, G. Caleb
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Youth--Drug use
Teenagers--Drug use
Stimulants
Methamphetamine
Mental health
Drug abuse--Epidemiology

description: BACKGROUND: Despite chemical similarities, ADHD stimulants and methamphetamine have distinct use patterns in the community. This study compared the characteristics of nonmedical ADHD stimulants users and methamphetamine users in a household sample.
METHODS: In data from the 2009-2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, adult and adolescent stimulant users were categorized into three mutually exclusive subgroups: nonmedical ADHD stimulant users only (STM users), methamphetamine users (METH users), and both nonmedical ADHD stimulant and methamphetamine users (STM/METH users). Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the substance comorbidity, mental health, and deviant behavior characteristics associated with these three groups.
RESULTS: Compared to adolescent STM users, STM/METH users were more likely to be female, younger and uninsured while METH users were more likely to be younger, in a minority group and from a higher-income family. Compared to adult STM users, METH and STM/METH users were more likely to be male, older, uninsured, no longer married, and to be from rural areas. Adolescent METH users were more likely than STM users to report illegal drug use while adult METH users were less likely to report prescription drug use than their STM user counterparts. Overall, adult and adolescent STM/METH users were more likely to report substance use, mental health problems and deviant behaviors compared to STM users.
CONCLUSION: The characteristics of STM users differ from METH and STM/METH users, and their associations with substance use and psychiatric comorbidities differ by age. Findings have implications for understanding the risks for stimulant use in different age subgroups.
title: Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in Atlantic salmon and Atlantic cod and its relevance to risk assessments of aquaculture
Creators: name: Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
name: Fraser, Dylan J.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Risks to wild populations resulting from interbreeding with farmed escapees depend primarily on the probability of spawning between groups, the level of genetic differentiation between farmed and wild individuals, and the abundance of wild populations relative to conservation targets. The present work pertains to the second of these factors. In addition to the divergence that breeding designs and domestication selection can generate, genetic dissimilarities will also depend on the magnitude and type of genetic differentiation that exists among populations in the wild. Here, using common-garden experimental protocols, we describe experiments on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that have documented genetic differences phenotypic plasticity. Multi-generational crosses between farmed and wild salmon have revealed (i) adaptive variability in plasticity among populations and (ii) negative fitness consequences to wild salmon resulting from interbreeding, notably from changes to developmental reaction norms. In Northwest Atlantic cod, larval survival and growth, and their plastic responses to changes in food supply and temperature, differ across spatial scales at which analyses of microsatellite DNA failed to detect population structure. Based on the Atlantic salmon research, these results are consistent with the hypotheses that (i) cod populations differ significantly in how they respond to environmental change and that (ii) these differences in plasticity are genetically based and may be a product of local adaptation. Disruption to reaction norms and adaptive phenotypic plasticity, resulting from interbreeding between wild individuals and farmed escapees, merits considerably greater attention in risk assessments of aquaculture than it has to date
Lie algebroid modules and representations up to homotopy
Creators: name: Mehta, Rajan Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E45, 53D17, 58A50

description: We establish a relationship between two different generalizations of Lie algebroid representations: representation up to homotopy and Vaintrob's Lie algebroid modules. Specifically, we show that there is a noncanonical way to obtain a representation up to homotopy from a given Lie algebroid module, and that any two representations up to homotopy obtained in this way are equivalent in a natural sense. We therefore obtain a one-to-one correspondence, up to equivalence.
description: v3: Final version, to appear in Indag. Math
Modelling the dust emission from dense interstellar clouds: disentangling the effects of radiative transfer and dust properties
Creators: name: Ysard, N.
name: Juvela, M.
name: Demyk, K.
name: Guillet, V.
name: Abergel, A.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Malinen, J.
name: Mény, C.
name: Montier, L.
name: Paradis, D.
name: Ristorcelli, I.
name: Verstraete, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With Planck and Herschel, we now have the spectral coverage and angular resolution required to observe dense and cold molecular clouds. As these clouds are optically thick at short wavelength but optically thin at long wavelength, it is tricky to conclude anything about dust properties without a proper treatment of the radiative transfer (RT). Our aim is to disentangle the effects of RT and of dust properties on the variations in the dust emission to provide observers with keys to analyse the emission arising from dense clouds. We model cylindrical clouds, illuminated by the ISRF, and carry out full RT calculations. Dust temperatures are solved using DustEM for amorphous carbons and silicates, grains coated with carbon mantles, and mixed aggregates of carbon and silicate. We allow variations of the grain optical properties with wavelength and temperature. We determine observed colour temperatures, T, and emissivity spectral indices, beta, by fitting the dust emission with modified blackbodies, to compare our models with observations. RT effects can neither explain the low T nor the increased submm emissivity measured at the centre of dense clouds, nor the observed beta-T anti-correlation. Adding noise to the modelled data, we show that it is not likely to be the unique explanation for the beta-T anti-correlation observed in starless clouds. It may be explained by intrinsic variations in the grain optical properties with temperature. As for the increased submm emissivity and the low T, they have to originate in variations in the grain optical properties, probably caused by their growth to form porous aggregates. We find it difficult to track back the nature of grains from the spectral variations in their emission. Finally, the column density is underestimated when determined with blackbody fitting because of the discrepancy between T and the true dust temperature at the cloud centre.
description: accepted for publication by A&A, abstract modified to match arXiv format, version 2 => correction of numerical values throughout the text/figures
Revisiting the Leading Drivers of Pacific Coastal Drought Variability in the Contiguous United States
Creators: name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Mankin, Justin S.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Singh, Deepti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Droughts
Droughts--Environmental aspects
Drought forecasting
Climatic changes

description: Coastal droughts that simultaneously affect California, Oregon, and Washington are rare, but they have extensive and severe impacts (e.g., wildfire and agriculture). To better understand these events, historical observations are used to investigate 1) drought variability along the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States and 2) years when extreme drought affects the entire coast. The leading pattern of cold-season (October–March) precipitation variability along the Pacific coast favors spatially coherent moisture anomalies, accounting for >40% of the underlying variance, and is forced primarily by internal atmospheric dynamics. This contrasts with a much weaker dipole mode (~20% of precipitation variability) characterized by antiphased moisture anomalies across 40°N and strong correlations with tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Sixteen coastal-wide summer droughts occurred from 1895 to 2016 (clustering in the 1920s–1930s and post-2000), events most strongly linked with the leading precipitation mode and internal atmospheric variability. The frequency of landfalling atmospheric rivers south of 40°N is sharply reduced during coastal droughts but not north of this boundary, where their frequency is more strongly influenced by the dipole. The lack of a consistent pattern of SST forcing during coastal droughts suggests little potential for skillful seasonal predictions. However, their tendency to cluster in time and the impact of warming during recent droughts may help inform decadal and longer-term drought risks.
De novo assembly of Aureococcus anophagefferens transcriptomes reveals diverse responses to the low nutrient and low light conditions present during blooms
Creators: name: Frischkorn, Kyle Robert
name: Harke, Matthew J.
name: Gobler, Christopher J.
name: Dyhrman, Sonya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Marine algae
Marine algae--Ecology
Brown tide
Genetic transcription

description: Transcriptome profiling was performed on the harmful algal bloom-forming pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens strain CCMP 1850 to assess responses to common stressors for dense phytoplankton blooms: low inorganic nitrogen concentrations, low inorganic phosphorus concentrations, low light levels, and a replete control. The de novo assemblies of pooled reads from all treatments reconstructed ~54,000 transcripts using Trinity, and ~31,000 transcripts using ABySS. Comparison to the strain CCMP 1984 genome showed that the majority of the gene models were present in both de novo assemblies and that roughly 95% of contigs from both assemblies mapped to the genome, with Trinity capturing slightly more genome content. Sequence reads were mapped back to the de novo assemblies as well as the gene models and differential expression was analyzed using a Bayesian approach called Analysis of Sequence Counts (ASC). On average, 93% of significantly upregulated transcripts recovered by genome mapping were present in the significantly upregulated pool from both de novo assembly methods. Transcripts related to the transport and metabolism of nitrogen were upregulated in the low nitrogen treatment, transcripts encoding enzymes that hydrolyze organic phosphorus or relieve arsenic toxicity were upregulated in the low phosphorus treatment, and transcripts for enzymes that catabolize organic compounds, restructure lipid membranes, or are involved in sulfolipid biosynthesis were upregulated in the low light treatment. A comparison of this transcriptome to the nutrient regulated transcriptional response of CCMP 1984 identified conserved responses between these two strains. These analyses reveal the transcriptional underpinnings of physiological shifts that could contribute to the ecological success of this species in situ: organic matter processing, metal detoxification, lipid restructuring, and photosynthetic apparatus turnover.
Patterns of major depression and nonmedical use of prescription opioids in the United States
Creators: name: Fink, David S.
name: Hu, Ranran
name: Cerdá, Magdalena
name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Marshall, Brandon D. L.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Drug abuse
Epidemiology
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Depression, Mental
Medication abuse
Mental health

description: Introduction: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) and major depression frequently co-occur. Comorbid forms of drug use and mental illness such as NMUPO and depression pose a greater disease burden than either condition alone. However, sociodemographic and substance use differences between individuals with either NMUPO or depression and those with comorbid conditions have not yet been fully investigated. Methods: Data came from the 2011 and 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Adolescents and adults were examined independently because of differences in screening for major depressive episodes (MDE). Weighted multinomial logistic regression investigated differences between persons with either past-year NMUPO (4.0%) or MDE (5.5%) and those with comorbid NMUPO and MDE (0.6%), compared to persons with neither condition. Results: Females were more likely than males to report either MDE-alone and comorbid NMUPO and MDE, whereas adult men were marginally more likely to report NMUPO-alone (not significant among adolescents). Polydrug use and alcohol use disorders were more pronounced among those with comorbid NMUPO and MDE than persons with either NMUPO-alone or MDE-alone. Persons with independent and comorbid NMUPO and MDE were more likely to report lower income and unemployment versus employment. Conclusions: This study found that independent and comorbid NMUPO and MDE were disproportionately clustered with burdens of lower socioeconomic position, suggesting that a population-based approach to address NMUPO would target these social determinants of health, whereas a high-risk approach to prevention should be tailored to females experiencing MDE symptoms and polydrug users.
Quasiparticle dynamics in a Bose insulator probed by inter-band Bragg spectroscopy
Creators: name: Fabbri, Nicole
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
name: Clément, David
name: Fallani, Leonardo
name: Fort, Chiara
name: Inguscio, Massimo
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally and theoretically the dynamical properties of a Mott insulator in decoupled one-dimensional chains. Using a theoretical analysis of the Bragg excitation scheme we show that the spectrum of inter-band transitions holds information on the single-particle Green's function of the insulator. In particular the existence of particle-hole coherence due to quantum fluctuations in the Mott state is clearly seen in the Bragg spectra and quantified. Finally we propose a scheme to directly measure the full, momentum resolved spectral function as obtained in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids.
description: The new version contains improved theoretical treatment and data analysis