Flaccilla lactea Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Flaccilla
Flaccilla lactea

description: Flaccilla lactea Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ CB051F7E-A99E-4DE6-B233-993276D1F393  
(Fig. 7 part, 189–190, 425–426)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Sequencing of an unusual specimen of Flaccilla Godman, 1901 (type species Papilio aecas Stoll, 1781) from Peru with largely cream-colored ventral hindwing confirms its expected prominent genetic differentiation from F. aecas (type locality in Surinam) (Fig. 7): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 7% (46 bp), and therefore it represents a new species. This new species (incompletely) keys to “ Aecas aecas ” (J.13.1) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by the lack of purple sheen on the ventral side and hindwing cream in color with discal brown spots and brown marginal spots nearly fused into a band. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly123.8.1:A51T, aly123.8.1:T72G, aly1779.16.4:C84T, aly1779.16.4:G111A, aly13170.2.2:A27G, aly1139.48.20:T97T (not C), aly1139.48.20:G102G (not A), aly499.35.1:G419G (not A), aly 2096.12.3:A137A (not C), aly 2096.12.3:T155T (not G), and COI barcode: A35T, T142C, A241T, 484C, T580C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19017E11, GenBank OR837709, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGATTATTAGGAACTTCATTAAGATTATTAATTCGGACAGAACTAGGAAACCCAGGTTCTTTAATC GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTCATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATCGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCATTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGACATAGCCTTCCCACGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATACTACCCCCATCATTAACTTTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGGGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTATCCGCCCCTTTCCTCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGTTCTTCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATCACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATATATCCT TTGATCAAATACCATTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATTACCATACTCCT TACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCTATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 189–190, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [PERU: Cuzco: Cosñipata Valley | Quebrada Quitacalzón 1,050m. | 13° 01′ 13″S, 71° 29′ 50″W | 12 August 2009 Brian Harris], [Flaccilla sp. n.], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19017E11 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01532369], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Flaccilla | lactea Grishin].   
 Type locality. Peru: Cuzco Region, Cosñipata Valley, Quebrada Quitacalzón, elevation 1050 m, GPS −13.020278, −71.497222.   
 Etymology. In Latin, lacteus means milky. The name is given for the milky-colored hindwing and is a feminine adjective.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in the Cosñipata Valley, Peru.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362