cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraints on CDM cosmology from galaxy power spectrum, CMB and SNIa evolution
Creators: name: Ferramacho, L. D.
name: Blanchard, A.
name: Zolnierowski, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the constraints that can be obtained on standard cold dark matter models from the most currently used data set: CMB anisotropies, type Ia supernovae and the SDSS luminous red galaxies. We also examine how these constraints are widened when the equation of state parameter $w$ and the curvature parameter $Ω_k$ are left as free parameters. For the $Λ$CDM model, our 'vanilla' model, cosmological parameters are tightly constrained and consistent with current estimates from various methods. When the dark energy parameter $w$ is free we find that the constraints remain mostly unchanged, i.e. changes are smaller than the 1 sigma uncertainties. Similarly, relaxing the assumption of a flat universe leads to nearly identical constraints on the dark energy density parameter of the universe $Ω_Λ$, baryon density of the universe $Ω_b $, the optical depth $τ$, the index of the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations $n_S$, with most one sigma uncertainties better than 5%. More significant changes appear on other parameters: while preferred values are almost unchanged, uncertainties for the physical dark matter density $Ω_ch^2$, Hubble constant $H_0$ and $σ_8$ are typically twice as large. We found that different methodological approaches on large scale structure estimates lead to appreciable differences in preferred values and uncertainty widths. We also found that possible evolution in SNIa intrinsic luminosity does not alter these constraints by much, except for $w$, for which the uncertainty is twice as large. At the same time, this possible evolution is severely constrained. We conclude that systematic uncertainties for some estimated quantities are similar or larger than statistical ones.
description: Revised version, 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Elements of Disbelief: A Case Study of 9/11 Truthers and the Persistence of Misinformation in the Digital Age
Creators: name: McIntyre, James Jon
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Journalism
subject: Communication
subject: Mass communication
subject: 9/11
subject: belief
subject: Conspiracy
subject: facts
subject: truth
subject: Truthers

description: This thesis examines the essential question: "Do facts matter?" By analyzing the persistence of false beliefs surrounding the September 11, 2001 attack on the Pentagon and the resiliency of alternative counterfactual narratives, this thesis attempts to bring about a better understanding of why myths and misinformation persist so long after clear evidence and common sense would seem to discredit them. The perspective includes the author's personal experience as inadvertent grist for the mill of conspiracy theorists, those who call themselves "9/11 truthers." While it has certainly always been the case that false beliefs can become commonly held misconceptions, this thesis will argue that the Internet has served as a "force-multiplier," giving some nonsensical beliefs virtual eternal life. But the Internet also can, and often does, serve a corrective function, through crowd-sourcing and fact-checking. Still, the question of the efficacy and persuasiveness of fact-based reporting is paramount if one believes a healthy and functioning democracy depends on a well-informed citizenry, and that journalists play a vital, sometimes unique, role in informing the public.
NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND POLICE BEHAVIOR: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POLICE USE OF FORCE BEHAVIOR IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS
Creators: name: Hudson, Jan Stephen
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Coercive Threats
subject: Neighborhood Context
subject: Police Behavior
subject: Policing
subject: Threat of Arrest
subject: Use of Force

description: Previous empirical research suggests that patrol officers' arrest and use of force behaviors are differentially distributed across neighborhood contexts. Using a qualitative interview approach, this exploratory study elaborates upon earlier findings by investigating if officers' use of force behavior (particularly on the verbal end of the force continuum) in a police-suspect encounter varies by neighborhood context in the small community of Plum Town. Specifically, this study attempts to provide a clearer understanding of the mechanisms through which officers interpret their beat and the extent to which certain neighborhood factors play a role in influencing their actions. In Plum Town, situational and individual level factors -in particular, the need for officer safety and previous police experience-- lead officers to lower their verbal use of force threshold and increasingly threaten arrest. However, the interviews suggest that, to some extent, these variables are rooted in and influenced by place.
Epidemiological Analysis of Biosecurity Practices and Associated Prevalence of Diseases in Non-Commercial Poultry Flocks
Creators: name: Madsen, Jennifer Marie
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Avian Influenza
subject: Backyard Flock
subject: Biosecurity
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Poultry
subject: prevalence

description: A cross-sectional study was conducted in backyard poultry flocks among nine counties of Maryland from May 2011 to August 2011.  The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data from a survey on biosecurity practices and investigate risk factors associated with positive findings of avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).  Serum, tracheal, and cloacal swabs were randomly collected from 262 birds among 39 registered premises.  Analysis revealed flock prevalence and seroprevalence respectively for the following:  AI (0%, 23%), ND (0%, 23%), ILT (26%, 49%), MG (3%, 13%), SE (0%, ND).  Vaccine status could not be confirmed for ND, ILT, or MG.  Premises positives were identified by partial nucleotide sequencing.  No statistically significant associations were identified, however, AI seroprevalence was positively associated with exposure to waterfowl (Relative Risk [RR] = 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-8.9) and absence of pest control (RR=2.5; 95% CI, 0.6-10.4).
Marx, Freud, Spinoza: tre concezioni del  transindividuale (testo in lavorazione)
Creators: name: Balibar, Etienne
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Marx; Freud; Spinoza; transindividuale

description: In Marx e Spinoza la categoria dell’essenza umana viene sovvertita, ma in sensi opposti: per l’uno la sovversione si fa nel nome del rapporto, per l’altro nel nome della singolarità (quindi per l’uno si dirige verso il conflitto e l’alienazione della relazione, per l’altro verso la tematica del desiderio e dell’immaginazione). Come stanno le cose in Freud? Troviamo qui una terza modalità di critica delle antropologie essenzialistiche, che prende le mosse direttamente dalla reciprocità fra «formazione di massa» (Massenbildung) e individuazione, la quale oscilla fra identificazione e asocialità. Si cercherà di mettere questi discorsi a confronto.
description: Nóema, No 6-1 (2015): La materia
Gehäufte Tuberkuloseerkrankungen bei Schlachthofmitarbeitern in Niedersachsen, Ermittlungsergebnisse und Public-Health-Maßnahmen
Creators: name: Ziehm, Dagmar
name: Barth, Stefanie A.
name: Menge, Christian
name: Andres, Sönke
name: Kohlmorgen, Britta
name: Brakensiek, Kai
name: Rettenbacher-Riefler, Sophie
name: Dreesman, Johannes
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Tuberkulose
subject: Ausbruch
subject: Lunge
subject: Typisierung
subject: Migranten
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Seit Anfang 2018 registrierten die Gesundheitsämter in zwei niedersächsischen Landkreisen gehäuft Tuberkulose-Erkrankungen unter Schlachthofmitarbeitern. Insgesamt handelte es sich um 14 Erkrankungen bei Mitarbeitern zweier Schlachthöfe, in denen Schweine geschlachtet und verarbeitet werden. Ein Erkrankter verstarb an den Folgen der Erkrankung. Es folgten z. T. umfassende Umgebungsuntersuchungen durch die Gesundheitsämter. Bei den betroffenen Personen handelte es sich überwiegend um aus Rumänien stammende Arbeitskräfte. Insbesondere die Typisierungsergebnisse der Fälle deuten darauf hin, dass die für die Erkrankungen ursächlichen Infektionen unabhängig voneinander und demzufolge höchstwahrscheinlich nicht im hiesigen Umfeld erworben wurden. Im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 26/2019 werden die aus Sicht des Infektionsschutzes sich ergebenden Ansatzpunkte für Public-Health-Maßnahmen diskutiert.
Immanenza assoluta
Creators: name: Ronchi, Rocco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: filosofia; transindividuale; immanenza assoluta

description: La tesi che viene avanzata è quella della immanenza assoluta come via per la fondazione di una prassi effettivamente materialistica.  Tale via è stata aperta nel pensiero novecentesco grazie ad un ripensamento complessivo dell’empirismo (empirismo radicale o trascendentale) che ha visto come protagonisti filosofi e indirizza di ricerca che, in alcuni casi, si esiterebbe a definire propriamente “materialisti”, ma che sono accomunati da una critica condivisa del “periplo” metafisico dell’idealismo e del dualismo costituito da:  1) affermazione della contingenza dell’ente,  2) tesi della finitezza come fondamento,  3) intenzionalità della coscienza e  4) da una antropologia filosofica basata sulla dimensione della mancanza e del  lavoro.  L’immanenza assoluta comporta una destituzione della tesi della “eccezione umana” ed una integrale naturalizzazione dell’uomo in un senso, però, non obiettivistico.
description: Nóema, No 6-1 (2015): La materia
The Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks Around Millisecond Pulsars: The PSR 1257 +12 System
Creators: name: Currie, Thayne
name: Hansen, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the evolution of protoplanetary disks surrounding millisecond pulsars, using PSR 1257+12 as a test case. Initial conditions were chosen to correspond to initial angular momenta expected for supernova-fallback disks and disks formed from the tidal disruption of a companion star. Models were run under two models for the viscous evolution of disks: fully viscous and layered accretion disk models. Supernova-fallback disks result in a distribution of solids confined to within 1-2 AU and produce the requisite material to form the three known planets surrounding PSR 1257+12. Tidal disruption disks tend to slightly underproduce solids interior to 1 AU, required for forming the pulsar planets, while overproducing the amount of solids where no body, lunar mass or greater, exists. Disks evolving under 'layered' accretion spread somewhat less and deposit a higher column density of solids into the disk. In all cases, circumpulsar gas dissipates on $\lesssim 10^{5}$ year timescales, making formation of gas giant planets highly unlikely.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (September 20, 2007 issue)
Time-energy uncertainty does not create particles
Creators: name: Roberts, BW
name: Butterfield, J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract In this contribution in honour of Paul Busch, we criticise the claims of many expositions that the time-energy uncertainty principle allows both a violation of energy conservation and particle creation, provided that this happens for a sufficiently short time. But we agree that there are grains of truth in these claims: which we make precise and justify using perturbation theory.
Complex research of the unclosed HTS shield for improving homogeneity of the magnetic field
Creators: name: Kulikov, E
name: Dorofeev, GL
name: Kozlowski, K
name: Tomków, L
name: Drobin, VM
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract Homogeneous magnetic fields are required in different applications. The resolution of MRI techniques depends on the quality of the magnetic field, as well as the efficiency of electron cooling systems used at particle accelerators. Unclosed magnetic shield made of superconducting tapes is able to nullify the radial component of a solenoidal magnetic field, forming the long region of the homogeneous magnetic field. The shield is a lengthwise winding made from YBCO tapes are wound along a carcass generatrix. Then it is positioned coaxially inside an electromagnet. The measurements were carried out under quasistationary conditions, magnetic fields up to 1 kG at 77K. This paper discusses the design of the superconducting shield and presents experimental and numerical studies into the homogeneity of the magnetic field in solenoids with the superconducting shield.
Hierarchy of N=8 Mechanics Models
Creators: name: Ivanov, Evgeny
name: Lechtenfeld, Olaf
name: Sutulin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the N=4 superspace approach in one dimension (time), we construct general N=8 supersymmetric mechanics actions for the multiplets (b,8,8-b) classified in hep-th/0406015, with the main focus on the previously unexplored cases of (8,8,0), (7,8,1) and (6,8,2), as well as on (5,8,3) for completeness. N=8 supersymmetry of the action amounts to a harmonicity condition for the Lagrangian with respect to its superfield arguments. We derive the generic off-shell component action for the ``root'' multiplet (8,8,0), prove that the actions for all other multiplets follow from it through automorphic dualities and argue that this hierarchical structure is universal. The bosonic target geometry in all cases is conformally flat, with a unique scalar potential (except for the root multiplet). We show that the N=4 superfield constraints respect the full R-symmetry and find the explicit realization of its quotient over the manifest R-symmetry on superfields and component fields. Several R-symmetric N=4 superfield Lagrangians with N=8 supersymmetry are either newly found or reproduced by a simple universal method.
description: 33 pages, Latex, minor corrections, version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
TU intern: die Hochschulzeitung der Technischen Universität Berlin
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
subject: Hochschulzeitung
subject: Technische Universität
subject: TU Berlin

description: Die Hochschulzeitung "TU intern" berichtet sowohl über Aktuelles aus der Universität als auch über landes- und bundesweite Themen. Sie wendet sich an Mitglieder und Alumni der Universität sowie an Politik, Wirtschaft und Medien. Die Druckversion erscheint neunmal im Jahr. Wegweisend waren für die TU Berlin in den vergangenen Wochen mehrere große Ereignisse. Allen voran das erfolgreiche Abschneiden der Universität bei der Exzellenzstrategie mit drei bewilligten Forschungsclustern und insgesamt sieben für Berlin. Auch das 600-Millionen-Euro Engagement von Siemens in der Hauptstadt, an der die TU Berlin durch den Aufbau eines Wissenschafts-, Gründer- und Industriecampus wesentlich beteiligt ist gehört zu den strahlenden Ereignissen der letzten Tage. Historisch ist ebenfalls die Senatsentscheidung über einen 6-Punkte-Sofortplan für den 3,2 Milliarden Euro umfassenden Instandsetzungsstau beim Hochschulbau. Der Plan gibt den Unis mehr finanzielle Freiheit aber auch mehr Verantwortung beim Bau. Bill Gates und Alexander Gerst als Gäste lockten tausende vor allem junge Leute in die Uni, in einem Interview fordert die britische Ernährungswissenschaftlerin von der Politik ein Umdenken und Eingreifen, um die Gefährdung der öffentlichen Gesundheit durch Überernährung einzudämmen. Experten klären über die Zukunftschancen des neuen Mobilfundstandards 5G auf, zwei TU-Großlabore, BLIX und ZELMI geben einen Blick frei sowohl in die atomare Welt als auch in das Innerste von Materialien und viele weitere spannende Themen erwarten die "TU intern"-Leser*innen.
Crystal structure of the new FeSe1-x superconductor
Creators: name: Margadonna, S.
name: Takabayashi, Y.
name: McDonald, M. T.
name: Kasperkiewicz, K.
name: Mizuguchi, Y.
name: Takano, Y.
name: Fitch, A. N.
name: Suard, E.
name: Prassides, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly discovered superconductor FeSe1-x (x=0.08, Tconset=13.5 K at ambient pressure rising to 27 K at 1.48 GPa) exhibits a structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic below 70 K at ambient pressure - the crystal structure in the superconducting state shows remarkable similarities to that of the REFeAsO1-xFx (RE = rare earth) superconductors
description: Chem. Commun. (2008)
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Interstellar Absorption toward HD 72127AB
Creators: name: Welty, Daniel E.
name: Simon, Thuso
name: Hobbs, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New optical spectra of Ca II and Na I toward HD 72127AB provide additional evidence for both spatial and temporal variations in the complex interstellar absorption along the two sight lines; archival UV spectra yield information on the abundances, depletions, and physical conditions in the gas toward HD 72127A. Similarities in the strengths of various tracers of interstellar material in the two lines of sight suggest that the total hydrogen column densities [N(H) ~ 2.5 x 10^{20} cm^{-2}] and the depletions and ionization in the main components at low LSR velocities also are similar. Toward HD 72127A, the main components are relatively cool (T < 900 K), but with depletions resembling those found in warm, diffuse disc clouds; the generally weaker components at higher velocities have much milder depletions, more like those found in halo clouds. Several trace neutral species -- Ca I, Cr I, and Fe I -- are much stronger toward HD 72127B, however. The column density of Cr I, for example, is about 30 times the value determined toward zeta Oph (the only previous detection of that species in the ISM). Dielectronic recombination in warmer gas (T > 5000 K) may be largely responsible for the enhanced abundances of those trace neutral species toward HD 72127B. If the main components toward HD 72127AB are associated with material in the Vela SNR, the differences in abundances and physical conditions occur on scales of about 1100 AU.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Effect of HTS stack sectioning on pulse magnetization efficiency in a motor
Creators: name: Smara, A
name: Climante-Alarcon, V
name: Mineev, N
name: Tomkow, Lukasz
name: Glowski, BA
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract Stacks of HTS superconductors can be magnetized and used as a surface mounted magnet for electrical machines. Pulse field magnetization is considered as a practical method; however, the amplitude of the pulse can be limited in an electrical motor which results in an under-saturated stack with the superconducting currents penetrating only a part of it making the magnetization less efficient. A solution to this problem could be sectioning the stack along its width enabling effective penetration of the superconducting currents. In this paper we investigate the effect of sectioning of HTS surface mounted stacks on the efficiency of pulse magnetization method in trapping the flux using low pulsing field. It is shown that the sectioning of wide stacks into several narrower parts results in a higher trapped flux at low pulses. Experimental measurements are performed on a lab-scale motor to validate the theoretical analysis.
A Note on Agegraphic Dark Energy
Creators: name: Neupane, Ishwaree P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a new model of dynamical dark energy, or time-varying $Λ$, was proposed by Cai [arXiv:0707.4049] by relating the energy density of quantum fluctuations in a Minkowski space-time, namely $ρ_q \equiv 3 n^2 m_P^2/t^2$, where $n\sim {\cal O}(1)$ and t is the cosmic time, to the present day dark energy density. In this note, we show that the model can be adjusted to the present values of dark energy density parameter $Ω_q$ ($\simeq 0.73$) and the equation of state ${\rm w}\Z{q}$ ($\simeq -1$) only if the numerical coefficient $n$ takes a reasonably large value ($n\gtrsim 3$) or the present value of the gravitational coupling of q-field to (dark) matter is also nonzero, namely, $\tilde{Q}\simeq \frac{2}{n}(Ω\Z{q0})^{3/2}>0$ where $Ω\Z{q0}$ is the present value of dark energy density fraction. We also discuss some of the difficulties of this proposal as a viable dark energy model with a constant $n$; especially, the bound imposed on the dark energy density parameter $Ω_q <0.1$ during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) requires $n< 1/6$. To overcome this drawback, we outline a few modifications where such constraints can be weakened or relaxed. Finally, by establishing a correspondence between the agegraphic dark energy scenario and the standard scalar-field model, we also point out some interesting features of an agegraphic quintessence model.
description: 18 pages, several eps figures; significant changes in Secs. 2 & 3, Journal version
Equilibrium Chiral Magnetic Effect: spatial inhomogeneity, finite temperature, interactions
Creators: name: Banerjee, Chitradip
name: Lewkowicz, Meir
name: Zubkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss equilibrium relativistic fermionic systems in lattice regularization, and extend the consideration of chiral magnetic effect to systems with spatial inhomogeneity and finite temperature. Besides, we take into account interactions due to exchange by gauge bosons. We find that the equilibrium chiral magnetic conductivity remains equal to zero.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Study of the Science Capabilities of PRIMA in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Bartko, H.
name: Pfuhl, O.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Rabien, S.
name: Abuter, R.
name: Belle, G. v.
name: Delplancke, F.
name: Menardi, S.
name: Sahlmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry (PRIMA) facility is scheduled for installation in the Very Large Telescope Interferometer observatory in Paranal, Chile, in the second half of 2008. Its goal is to provide astrometric accuracy in the micro-arcsecond range. High precision astrometry can be applied to explore the dynamics of the dense stellar cluster. Especially models for the formation of stars near super massive black holes or the fast transfer of short-lived massive stars into the innermost parsec of our galaxy can be tested. By measuring the orbits of stars close to the massive black hole one can probe deviations from a Keplerian motion. Such deviations could be due to a swarm of dark, stellar mass objects that perturb the point mass solution. At the same time the orbits are affected by relativistic corrections which thus can be tested. The ultimate goal is to test the effects of general relativity in the strong gravitational field. The latter can be probed with the near infrared flares of SgrA* which are most likely due to accretion phenomena onto the black hole. We study the expected performance of PRIMA for astrometric measurements in the Galactic Center based on laboratory measurements and discuss possible observing strategies.
description: Presentation at the SPIE 2008 conference "Optical and Infrared Interferometry"
Food Prices in Perspective
Creators: name: Salathe, Larry E.
name: Boehm, William T.
name: Salathe, Larry E.
name: Boehm, William T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Consumer demand
subject: Farm value
subject: Food prices
subject: Imports
subject: Marketing costs

description: Retail food prices in the United States rose an average of over 9 percent annually from 1973 to 1979. The authors examine why these increases occurred and what can be done to slow the rate of increase. They also provide an overview of the food delivery system. Substantially reducing the upward movement in food prices will require the same long-term effort needed to reduce general inflation. In addition, actions to reduce the volatility in commodity prices and commodity trade flows also appear needed.
Tid för lek och samspel TLOS: Specialpedagogiskt interventionsprogram i att organisera lärmiljö och stegvis stötta sampelsfärdigheter i lek mellan barn i förskola och skola
Creators: name: Odom, Samuel L
name: McConnell, Scott R.
name: Vågen (translation), Öyvind
name: Siljehag (editor), Eva
name: Westling Allodi (editor), Mara
Publisher: name: Stockholm University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390407
subject: Inclusive education

description: Programmet Tid för lek och samspel riktar sig till lärare, specialpedagoger/speciallärare och verksamhetsansvariga i inkluderande förskoleverksamheter. Även lärare mot skolans lägra åldrar, särskolan och träningsskolan bör ha behållning av programmet som avser att på ett systematiskt sätt stimulera till roliga och lustfyllda lekstunder där alla barn och varje barn får uppleva lekrytmens kraft och även lekens behov av stöd, guidning och instruktioner från insatta och kunniga vuxna. Utvecklingen av programmet är en del av den specialpedagogiska forskningen som bedrivs med inriktning mot yngre barn och skolans tidiga åldrar vid den Specialpedagogiska institutionen och Nätverket Inkluderande Lärandemiljöer och Tidiga Insatser (ILTI). Vi välkomnar denna översättning av interaktionsfärdighetsprogrammet Play Time/Social Time som är ett evidensbaserat program och som bygger på forskningsundersökningar av ett flertal forskare från USA (Odom, Samuel L.; McConnell, Scott R.; Ostrosky, Michaelene; Peterson, Carla; Skellenger, Annette; Spicuzza, Richard; Chandler, Lynette K.; McEvoy, Mary A., 1997). Programmet syftar till att stärka och utveckla kamratrelationer i leksituationer där barn i behov av stöd och deras kamrater möts utifrån sina intressen och erfarenheter. Förskolans verksamhetsansvariga och pedagoger har med sin kunnighet i lekens betydelse för barns lärande och utveckling både ett inspirerande och utmanande uppdrag att på ett systematiskt sätt planera och kontinuerligt följa upp barnens möjlighet tills samspel och interaktion. Programmet Tid för lek och samspel ger förståelse och insikter i betydelsen av detta specialpedagogiska processarbete samt för denna process väsentliga nedslag i form av en jämn progression av såväl lekrelationer som lekfärdigheter för alla barn.
Health Care in Rural America
Creators: name: Ahearn, Mary C.
name: Ahearn, Mary C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Health care
subject: Rural needs
subject: Health expenditures
subject: Government health programs
subject: Medical resources
subject: Health status
subject: Rural development

description: Nonmetropolitan areas have greater unmet health needs and fewer health resources than metropolitan areas. This report compares health needs and resources in both areas, and shows that nonmetro areas' lower incomes, larger aged populations, hazardous occupations, and lower educational levels contribute to poorer health care conditions. A positive development has been the Federal Government's recognition of problems and its programs designed to meet these special needs. It will be important to recognize rural residents' health needs under any national health insurance program.
Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer's disease.
Creators: name: Roe, James M
name: Vidal-Piñeiro, Didac
name: Sørensen, Øystein
name: Brandmaier, Andreas M
name: Düzel, Sandra
name: Gonzalez, Hector A
name: Kievit, Rogier A
name: Knights, Ethan
name: Kühn, Simone
name: Lindenberger, Ulman
name: Mowinckel, Athanasia M
name: Nyberg, Lars
name: Park, Denise C
name: Pudas, Sara
name: Rundle, Melissa M
name: Walhovd, Kristine B
name: Fjell, Anders M
name: Westerhausen, René
name: Australian Imaging Biomarkers And Lifestyle Flagship Study Of Ageing
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/378/2612
/631/378/1689/1283
/631/378/2611
/59/57
article

description: Aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with progressive brain disorganization. Although structural asymmetry is an organizing feature of the cerebral cortex it is unknown whether continuous age- and AD-related cortical degradation alters cortical asymmetry. Here, in multiple longitudinal adult lifespan cohorts we show that higher-order cortical regions exhibiting pronounced asymmetry at age ~20 also show progressive asymmetry-loss across the adult lifespan. Hence, accelerated thinning of the (previously) thicker homotopic hemisphere is a feature of aging. This organizational principle showed high consistency across cohorts in the Lifebrain consortium, and both the topological patterns and temporal dynamics of asymmetry-loss were markedly similar across replicating samples. Asymmetry-change was further accelerated in AD. Results suggest a system-wide dedifferentiation of the adaptive asymmetric organization of heteromodal cortex in aging and AD.
Electrical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Porous Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tüzün, Ö.
name: Metin, B.
name: Oktik, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2534-2537
description: The high refractive index of crystalline silicon at solar wavelengths (approximately 3.5) creates large
reflection losses. Silicon solar cells with porous silicon layer are a promising as one of high efficiency and low cost
structure. Porous silicon exhibits a reflective index close to 1.7-2.1 and plays a significant role on photovoltaic
performance by enhancing the light absorption. A new approach for hybrid metal-insulator-semiconductor Si solar
cells is adopted by Institute of Fundamental Problems for High Technology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. In this
technique, the porous silicon layers are formed on both sides of single crystal wafers by chemical etching before an
improved MIS cell preparation process.
In this work, micro structure of porous silicon was investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). It
is found that the peak to valley roughness of the porous silicon surface is 661nm. The spectral response and currentvoltage
(I-V) characteristics of the silicon solar cells with porous layers are reported. The additional layer of porous
silicon formed on the cell surface provides spectral extension of the PV efficiency into UV and NIR regions. Using
this technique, the solar cells with efficiencies above 15% have been obtained under AM1.5 condition (under 100
mW/cm2 illumination at 25°C). The SCAPS-1D computer program is applied to calculate the correlation between
porous silicon layers and electrical parameters of the solar cell.
Unconventional charge density wave and photoinduced lattice symmetry change in Kagome Metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ probed by time-resolved spectroscopy
Creators: name: Wang, Z. X.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Yin, Q. W.
name: Tu, Z. J.
name: Gong, C. S.
name: Lin, T.
name: Liu, Q. M.
name: Shi, L. Y.
name: Zhang, S. J.
name: Wu, D.
name: Lei, H. C.
name: Dong, T.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, kagome lattice metal AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A = K, Rb, Cs) family has received wide attention due to its presence of superconductivity, charge density wave (CDW) and peculiar properties from topological nontrivial electronic structure. With time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, we show that the excited quasiparticle relaxation dynamics can be explained by formation of energy gap below the phase transition being similar to a usual second-order CDW condensate, by contrast, the structure change is predominantly first order phase transition. Furthermore, no CDW amplitude mode is identified in the ordered phase. The results suggest that the CDW order is very different from the traditional CDW condensate. We also find that weak pump pulse can non-thermally melt the CDW order and drive the sample into its high temperature phase, revealing the fact that the difference in lattice potential between those phases is small.
description: 3 figures, 6 pages
A ML framework to predict permeability of highly porous media based on PSD
Creators: name: Yang, H
name: Ke, Y
name: Zhang, D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper

description: Abstract Using machine learning (ML) method to predict permeability of porous media has shown great potential in recent years. A current problem is the lack of effective models to account for highly porous media with dilated pores. This study includes (1) generation of media (porosity = 0.8) via a Boolean process, (2) the pore size distribution (PSD) control by using different groups of homogeneous packed spherical particles (3) PSD data obtainment using the spherical contact distribution model (4) computation of the permeability via LBM simulations, (4) training of artificial neuron network (ANN) and (5) analysis of the model. It is found that the PSD could outperform the previous geometry descriptors as an input of ML framework to deal with highly porous structures with different fractions of dilated pores, however there is still room for precision enhancement.
Noise in an SSET-resonator driven by an external field
Creators: name: Rodrigues, D. A.
name: Milburn, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the noise properties of a superconducting single electron transistor (SSET) coupled to an harmonically driven resonator. Using a Langevin equation approach, we calculate the frequency spectrum of the SSET charge and calculate its effect on the resonator field. We find that the heights of the peaks in the frequency spectra depend sensitively on the amplitude of the resonator oscillation and hence suggest that the heights of these peaks could act as a sensitive signal for detecting the small changes in the amplitude of the drive. The previously known results for the effective amplitude-dependent damping and temperature provided by the SSET for the case of a low frequency resonator are generalized for all resonator frequencies.
description: 11 pages. Accepted for PRB
Secondary students' values and perceptions of science-related careers: responses to vignette-based scenarios.
Creators: name: Taber, Keith
name: Billingsley, Berry
name: Riga, Fran
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cultural values and science education
Emotional responses to science
Ethics and science education
Extra-scientific values
Student perceptions of careers

description: There has been concern about the attractiveness of science-based careers to many adolescent learners, and it has been suggested that school science may not always recognise or engage personal values that are important to young people in making life choices. The present study discusses interview comments made by upper secondary level students in England when 15 young people were asked to give their personal responses to brief vignettes describing scientific careers. Using an interview-about-scenarios approach, the students were asked about whether they would feel comfortable working in the scientific careers represented. The career areas were purposefully selected because they might be considered to potentially raise issues in relation to personal values or commitments that some students might hold. A range of student perceptions relating to the mooted careers were elicited (positive, negative and indifferent), but all of the participants raised issues that impacted on the acceptability or attractiveness of at least one of the mooted scientific careers, in terms of aspects of their own personal beliefs and values systems. It is recommended that teachers and career advisors should be aware of the range of value-related considerations that influence student views of science-related careers and should consider exploring aspects of science-based careers that link to values commonly shared by young people. This exploratory study also offers indications for directions for further research exploring how learners' value systems impact upon their perceptions of science and scientific work.
description: We acknowledge the support of the John Templeton Foundation under grant number: 15389,
Galactic Twins of the Nebula Around SN 1987A: Hints that LBVs may be supernova progenitors
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss outstanding questions about the formation of the ring nebula around SN1987A and some implications of similar ring nebulae around Galactic B supergiants. There are notable obstacles for the formation of SN1987A's bipolar nebula through interacting winds in a transition from a red supergiant to a blue supergiant. Instead, several clues hint that the nebula may have been ejected in an LBV-like event. In addition to the previously known example of Sher25, there are two newly-discovered Galactic analogs of SN1987A's ringed nebula. Of these three Galactic analogs around blue supergiants, two (Sher25 and SBW1) have chemical abundances indicating that they have not been through a red supergiant phase, and the remaining ringed bipolar nebula surrounds a luminous blue variable (HD168625). Although SK-69 202's initial mass of 20 Msun is lower than those atributed to most LBVs, it is not far off, and the low-luminosity end of the LBV phenomenon is not well defined. Furthermore, HD168625's luminosity indicates an initial mass of only 25 Msun, that of SBW1 is consistent with 20 Msun, and there is a B[e] star in the SMC with an initial mass of 20 Msun that experienced an LBV outburst in the 1990s. These similarities may be giving us important clues about Sk-69 202's pre-SN evolution and the formation mechanism of its nebula.
description: 8 pages. To appear in proceedings: "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCray
Experimental test of fluctuation relations for driven open quantum systems with an NV center
Creators: name: Hernández-Gómez, Santiago
name: Staudenmaier, Nicolas
name: Campisi, Michele
name: Fabbri, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental verification of quantum fluctuation relations for driven open quantum system is currently a challenge, due to the conceptual and operative difficulty of distinguishing work and heat. The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond has been recently proposed as a controlled test bed to study fluctuation relations in the presence of an engineered dissipative channel, in absence of work [Hernández-Gómez et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 023327 (2020)]. Here, we extend those studies to exploring the validity of quantum fluctuation relations in a driven-dissipative scenario, where the spin exchanges energy both with its surroundings because of a thermal gradient, and with an external work source. We experimentally prove the validity of the quantum fluctuation relations in the presence of cyclic driving in two cases, when the spin exchanges energy with an effective infinite-temperature reservoir, and when the total work vanishes at stroboscopic times -- although the power delivered to the NV center is non-null. Our results represent the first experimental study of quantum fluctuation relation in driven open quantum systems.
description: 6 figures
Isolating Triggered Star Formation
Creators: name: Barton, Elizabeth J.
name: Arnold, Jacob A.
name: Zentner, Andrew R.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy pairs provide a potentially powerful means of studying triggered star formation from galaxy interactions. We use a large cosmological N-body simulation coupled with a well-tested semi-analytic substructure model to demonstrate that the majority of galaxies in close pairs reside within cluster or group-size halos and therefore represent a biased population, poorly suited for direct comparison to ``field'' galaxies. Thus, the frequent observation that some types of galaxies in pairs have redder colors than ``field'' galaxies is primarily a selection effect. We select galaxy pairs that are isolated in their dark matter halos with respect to other massive subhalos (N=2 halos) and a control sample of isolated galaxies (N=1 halos) for comparison. We then apply these selection criteria to a volume-limited subset of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey with M_Bj <= -19 and obtain the first clean measure of the typical fraction of galaxies affected by triggered star formation and the average elevation in the star formation rate. We find that 24% (30.5%) of these L^\star and sub-L^{\star} galaxies in isolated 50 (30) kpc/h pairs exhibit star formation that is boosted by a factor of >~ 5 above their average past value, while only 10% of isolated galaxies in the control sample show this level of enhancement. Thus, 14% (20 %) of the galaxies in these close pairs show clear triggered star formation. The isolation criteria we develop provide a means to constrain star formation and feedback prescriptions in hydrodynamic simulations and a very general method of understanding the importance of triggered star formation in a cosmological context. (Abridged.)
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, emulateapj format, accepted by ApJ
A python package for ultrashort optical pulse propagation in terms of forward models for the analytic signal
Creators: name: Melchert, O.
name: Demircan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a flexible, open-source Python package for the accurate simulation of the $z$-propagation dynamics of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear waveguides, especially valid for few-cycle pulses and their interaction. The simulation approach is based on unidirectional propagation equations for the analytic signal. The provided software allows to account for dispersion, attenuation, four-wave mixing processes including, e.g., third-harmonic generation, and features various models for the Raman response. The propagation equations are solved on a periodic temporal domain. For $z$-propagation, a selection of pseudospectral methods is available. Propagation scenarios for a custom propagation constant and initial field pulses can either be specified in terms of a HDF5 based input file format or by direct implementation using a python script. We demonstrate the functionality for a test-case for which an exact solution is available, by reproducing exemplary results documented in the scientific literature, and a complex propagation scenario involving multiple pulses. The py-fmas code, its reference manual, an extended user guide, and further usage examples are available online at https://github.com/omelchert/py-fmas.
High Resolution Spectroscopy of SN1987A's Rings: He I 10830 and H-alpha from the Hotspots
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: McCray, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high-dispersion spectroscopy of He I 10830 from the hotspots in the ring around SN1987A, obtained at Gemini South, spatially resolving the near and far sides of the ring. We compare these line profiles to similar echelle spectra of H$α$ and [N II] 6583 obtained at the Magellan Observatory. We find that the He I profiles are much broader than H-alpha or [N II], but the He I profiles also have different shapes -- they have enhanced emission at high speeds, with extra blueshifted emission on the north side of the ring, and extra redshifted emission on the south side. To explain this, we invoke a simple geometric picture where the extra He I emission traces hotter gas from faster shocks that strike the apex of the hotspots directly, while the H-alpha preferentially traces cooler lower-ionization gas from slower transverse shocks that penetrate into the sides of the ring.
description: 3 pages. To appear in proceedings: "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCray
Commensurate Itinerant Antiferromagnetism in BaFe2As2: 75As-NMR Studies on a Self-Flux Grown Single Crystal
Creators: name: Kitagawa, Kentaro
name: Katayama, Naoyuki
name: Ohgushi, Kenya
name: Yoshida, Makoto
name: Takigawa, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on a self-flux grown single crystal of BaFe2As2. A first-order antiferromagnetic (AF) transition near 135 K was detected by the splitting of NMR lines, which is accompanied by simultaneous structural transition as evidenced by a sudden large change of the electric field gradient tensor at the As site. The NMR results lead almost uniquely to the stripe spin structure in the AF phase. The data of spin-lattice relaxation rate indicate development of anisotropic spin fluctuations of the stripe-type with decreasing temperature in the paramagnetic phase.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Issuing Municipal Bonds: A Primer for Local Officials
Creators: name: Lubov, Andrea
name: Lubov, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This manual gives an overview of how bonds of small local governments are issued, underwritten, marketed, and serviced. The manual distinguishes the different types of bonds, discusses the appropriateness of each type for different purposes, and illustrates the effect of different repayment structures on interest costs. The types of documents that a community must prepare in connection with a bond offering are also discussed.