cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finding paths with quantum walks or quantum walking through a maze
Creators: name: Reitzner, Daniel
name: Hillery, Mark
name: Koch, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to use a quantum walk to find a path from one marked vertex to another. In the specific case of $M$ stars connected in a chain, one can find the path from the first star to the last one in $O(M\sqrt{N})$ steps, where $N$ is the number of spokes of each star. First we provide an analytical result showing that by starting in a phase-modulated highly superposed initial state we can find the path in $O(M\sqrt{N}\log M)$ steps. Next, we improve this efficiency by showing that the recovery of the path can also be performed by a series of successive searches when we start at the last known position and search for the next connection in $O(\sqrt{N})$ steps leading to the overall efficiency of $O(M\sqrt{N})$. For this result we use the analytical solution that can be obtained for a ring of stars of double the length of the chain.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, this version contains updated parts and added Appendices
Ethics and professional Responsibility for a judge
Creators: name: Mahad, Ali Ahmed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ethics and professional Responsibility for a judge

description: The historical background of ethics and professional responsibility for judges in North America has evolved significantly over the centuries, shaped by a diverse array of legal traditions, cultural influences, and societal changes. In the early stages of North American legal history, particularly in the United States and Canada, the judicial systems were heavily influenced by British common law. This legal tradition laid the foundation for judicial conduct and ethics, emphasizing principles such as impartiality, integrity, and the rule of law. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as these nations established their independence and crafted their constitutions, there was a growing emphasis on the role of judges as impartial arbiters and protectors of constitutional rights. This period saw the development of various legal and ethical guidelines aimed at ensuring judges' independence from political influence and their adherence to strict moral and ethical standards (Simonis, 2019).

Moving into the 20th and 21st centuries, the concept of judicial ethics and professional responsibility in North America further matured and became moreformalized. In the United States, for example, the American Bar Association (ABA) played a significant role in this evolution by developing the Model Code of Judicial Conduct, which has been adopted in various forms by jurisdictions across the country. These codes and standards address a range of ethical issues, including conflicts of interest, the proper conduct of judges both on and off the bench, and guidelines for judicial discretion. In Canada, similar developments occurred, with the Canadian Judicial Council providing ethical guidelines for judges. These frameworks are continuously revised to address new ethical challenges emerging from changes in society, technology, and law. They reflect an ongoing commitment to maintaining public confidence in the judicial system, recognizing that the legitimacy of the legal process hinges on the ethical conduct and professionalism of those who administer justice (Simonis, 2019).
Approaches for approximate additivity of the Holevo information of quantum channels
Creators: name: Leditzky, Felix
name: Kaur, Eneet
name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum channels that are close to another channel with weakly additive Holevo information and derive upper bounds on their classical capacity. Examples of channels with weakly additive Holevo information are entanglement-breaking channels, unital qubit channels, and Hadamard channels. Related to the method of approximate degradability, we define approximation parameters for each class above that measure how close an arbitrary channel is to satisfying the respective property. This gives us upper bounds on the classical capacity in terms of functions of the approximation parameters, as well as an outer bound on the dynamic capacity region of a quantum channel. Since these parameters are defined in terms of the diamond distance, the upper bounds can be computed efficiently using semidefinite programming (SDP). We exhibit the usefulness of our method with two example channels: a convex mixture of amplitude damping and depolarizing noise, and a composition of amplitude damping and dephasing noise. For both channels, our bounds perform well in certain regimes of the noise parameters in comparison to a recently derived SDP upper bound on the classical capacity. Along the way, we define the notion of a generalized channel divergence (which includes the diamond distance as an example), and we prove that for jointly covariant channels these quantities are maximized by purifications of a state invariant under the covariance group. This latter result may be of independent interest.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, comments welcome! v2: added proof of capacity bound for eps-Hadamard channels, and bounds on the triple trade-off region for eps-close Hadamard channels; v3: corrected minor issue in Figure 1, updated references
Multiple imputation in Cox regression when there are time-varying effects of exposures
Creators: name: Keogh, Ruth H.
name: Morris, Tim P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Cox regression it is sometimes of interest to study time-varying effects (TVE) of exposures and to test the proportional hazards assumption. TVEs can be investigated with log hazard ratios modelled as a function of time. Missing data on exposures are common and multiple imputation (MI) is a popular approach to handling this, to avoid the potential bias and loss of efficiency resulting from a 'complete-case' analysis. Two MI methods have been proposed for when the substantive model is a Cox proportional hazards regression: an approximate method (White and Royston, Statist. Med. 2009;28:1982-98) and a substantive-model-compatible method (Bartlett et al., SMMR 2015;24:462-87). At present, neither method accommodates TVEs of exposures. We extend them to do so for a general form for the TVEs and give specific details for TVEs modelled using restricted cubic splines. Simulation studies assess the performance of the methods under several underlying shapes for TVEs. Our proposed methods give approximately unbiased TVE estimates for binary exposures with missing data, but for continuous exposures the substantive-model-compatible method performs better. The methods also give approximately correct type I errors in the test for proportional hazards when there is no TVE, and gain power to detect TVEs relative to complete-case analysis. Ignoring TVEs at the imputation stage results in biased TVE estimates, incorrect type I errors and substantial loss of power in detecting TVEs. We also propose a multivariable TVE model selection algorithm. The methods are illustrated using data from the Rotterdam Breast Cancer Study. Example R code is provided.
Parmelia omphalodes Ach.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Ascomycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Parmelia
Parmelia omphalodes

description: Lichen omphalodes Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1143. 1753.
"Habitat in Europae rupibus. rupestris & arboreus." RCN: 8184.
 Lectotype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 333. 1994): [icon] " Lichenoides saxatile tinctorium, foliis pilosis purpureis" in Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: 185, t. 24, f. 80 A. 1741. - Epitype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 378. 1994): Herb. Dillenius Tab. XXIV, No. 80 (OXF).
 Current name: Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Challenges in the design and implementation of smoking cessation programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review of the literature protocol
Creators: name: Peñaloza, Maylin
name: Gómez, Luis
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: smoking; tobacco; tobacco cessation programs; cessation; tobacco cessation

description: A scoping review of the current challenges for the smoking cessation programs in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
An Alternative Form of the Functional Equation for Riemann's Zeta Function
Creators: name: Ossicini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M35, 11B68, 11M06

description: In this paper we present a simple method for deriving an alternative form of the functional equation for Riemann's Zeta function. The connections between some functional equations obtained implicitly by Leonhard Euler in his work "Remarques sur un beau rapport entre les series des puissances tant directes que reciproques" in Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Berlin 17, (1768), permit to define a special function, named A(s), which is fully symmetric and is similar to Riemann's "XI" function. To be complete we find several integral representations of the A(s) function and as a direct consequence of the second integral representation we obtain also an analytic continuation of the same function using an identity of Ramanujan.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Molecular simulation of binary phase diagrams from the osmotic equilibrium method: vapour pressure and activity in water–ethanol mixtures
Creators: name: Bley, Michael
name: Duvail, Magali
name: Guilbaud, Philippe
name: Penisson, Christophe
name: Theisen, Johannes
name: Jean-Christophe Gabriel
name: Jean-François Dufrêche
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Herein, an approach for simulating phase diagrams of binary mixtures is presented, where a bulk liquid and its corresponding vapour phase are simulated by means of molecular dynamics using explicit polarisation. Time-averaged density profiles for the pure compounds and mixtures at different mole fractions provide information about the spatial distribution in the bulk liquid and the amount of evaporated species in the adjacent vapour phase. The activities in the liquid phase are calculated from the mean vapour phase densities at a given composition, providing a good qualitative agreement compared to experimental data and the precision of the method follows a previously developed Poisson model of evaporation. With the Redlich–Kister approach for the activities in a binary mixture, the directly obtained activities are fitted providing corrected activity coefficients of the two species. This method is applied to ethanol water mixtures at different mole fractions. The obtained structural data are in good agreement with experimental data and time-averaged density profiles provide a detailed insight into the composition of the liquid–vapour interface. An azeotropic point is obtained for an excess concentration of ethanol at 87% as percentage by mass compared to the experimental value of 95%.
Ochrolechia pallescens A. Massal.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Ascomycetes
Pertusariales
Pertusariaceae
Ochrolechia
Ochrolechia pallescens

description: Lichen pallescens Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1142. 1753, nom. cons.
"Habitat in Europae corticibus arborum." RCN: 8178.
 Conserved type (Jørgensen & al. in Taxon 43: 653. 1994): Sweden. Härjedalen, Ramundberget, NE of Kvarbäckstjärn, 27 Jun 1973, R. Santesson 24384 (UPS).
 Current name: Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal. (Pertusariaceae).
 Note: See extensive discussion by Jørgensen & al. (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 333-334. 1994), who concluded that none of the original elements coincided with usage, and chose t. XVIII, f. 17 from Dillenius as lectotype. This represents Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf., and the same authors successfully proposed the Linnaean name for conservation with a conserved type.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Responding to Forced Marriage
Creators: name: TAN, SHIH JOO
name: Vidal, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of Melbourne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440209
subject: Gender and crime
classificationCode: 440204
subject: Crime and social justice
classificationCode: 440299
subject: Criminology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440214
subject: Sociological studies of crime

description: This research brief provides an overview of the two key response frameworks to forced marriage in Australia: human trafficking and modern slavery, and family violence. It maps the service delivery response under the respective frameworks, the support mechanisms available, and the known limitations of each of the framework.
Tensor-network study of quantum phase transition on Sierpiński fractal
Creators: name: Krcmar, Roman
name: Genzor, Jozef
name: Lee, Yoju
name: Čenčariková, Hana
name: Nishino, Tomotoshi
name: Gendiar, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse-field Ising model on the Sierpiński fractal, which is characterized by the fractal dimension $\log_2^{~} 3 \approx 1.585$, is studied by a tensor-network method, the Higher-Order Tensor Renormalization Group. We analyze the ground-state energy and the spontaneous magnetization in the thermodynamic limit. The system exhibits the second-order phase transition at the critical transverse field $h_{\rm c}^{~} = 1.865$. The critical exponents $β\approx 0.198$ and $δ\approx 8.7$ are obtained. Complementary to the tensor-network method, we make use of the real-space renormalization group and improved mean-field approximations for comparison.
description: 8 pages, 9 figs
Relativistic Planck-scale polymer
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni
name: Arzano, Michele
name: Da Silva, Malú Maira
name: Orozco-Borunda, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polymer quantum mechanics has been studied as a simplified picture that reflects some of the key properties of Loop Quantum Gravity; however, while the fate of relativistic symmetries in Loop Quantum Gravity is still not established, it is usually assumed that the discrete polymer structure should lead to a breakdown of relativistic symmetries. We here focus for simplicity on a one-spatial-dimension polymer model and show that relativistic symmetries are deformed, rather than being broken. The specific type of deformed relativistic symmetries which we uncover appears to be closely related to analogous descriptions of relativistic symmetries in some noncommutative spacetimes. This also contributes to an ongoing effort attempting to establish whether the "quantum-Minkowski limit" of Loop Quantum Gravity is a noncommutative spacetime.
description: 5 pages, no figures. v2: minor changes in Section II
A bijective enumeration of labeled trees with given indegree sequence
Creators: name: Shin, Heesung
name: Zeng, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: For a labeled tree on the vertex set $\set{1,2,\ldots,n}$, the local direction of each edge $(i\,j)$ is from $i$ to $j$ if $i
description: 16 pages, 6 figures; Changed title and content
An artificial intelligence algorithm is highly accurate for detecting endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis
Creators: name: Palm, Christoph
name: Rauber, David
name: Prinz, Friederike
name: Schlottmann, Jakob
name: Kiesl, Hans
name: Messmann, Helmut
name: Grosser, Bianca
name: Schnoy, Elisabeth
name: Heinkele, Jakob
name: Fleischmann, Carola
name: Mendel, Robert
name: Barrett, Caroline
name: Dhillon, Christine
name: Kraus, Lisa
name: Nagl, Sandra
name: Römmele, Christoph
name: Rückert, Tobias
name: Wanzl, Julia
name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Ebigbo, Alanna
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
The endoscopic features associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) may be missed during routine endoscopy. We aimed to develop and evaluate an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm for detecting and quantifying the endoscopic features of EoE in white light images, supplemented by the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS). An AI algorithm (AI-EoE) was constructed and trained to differentiate between EoE and normal esophagus using endoscopic white light images extracted from the database of the University Hospital Augsburg. In addition to binary classification, a second algorithm was trained with specific auxiliary branches for each EREFS feature (AI-EoE-EREFS). The AI algorithms were evaluated on an external data set from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (UNC), and compared with the performance of human endoscopists with varying levels of experience. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of AI-EoE were 0.93 for all measures, while the AUC was 0.986. With additional auxiliary branches for the EREFS categories, the AI algorithm (AI-EoE-EREFS) performance improved to 0.96, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.992 for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC, respectively. AI-EoE and AI-EoE-EREFS performed significantly better than endoscopy beginners and senior fellows on the same set of images. An AI algorithm can be trained to detect and quantify endoscopic features of EoE with excellent performance scores. The addition of the EREFS criteria improved the performance of the AI algorithm, which performed significantly better than endoscopists with a lower or medium experience level.
Quasitriangular structure and twisting of the 2+1 bicrossproduct model
Creators: name: Majid, S.
name: Osei, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the bicrossproduct model $C[SU_2^*]{\blacktriangleright\!\!\triangleleft} U(su_2)$ quantum Poincare group in 2+1 dimensions acting on the quantum spacetime $[x_i,t]=\imathλx_i$ is related by a Drinfeld and module-algebra twist to the quantum double $U(su_2)\ltimes C[SU_2]$ acting on the quantum spacetime $[x_μ,x_ν]=\imathλε_{μνρ}x_ρ$. We obtain this twist by taking a scaling limit as $q\to 1$ of the $q$-deformed version of the above where it corresponds to a previous theory of $q$-deformed Wick rotation from $q$-Euclidean to $q$-Minkowski space. We also recover the twist result at the Lie bialgebra level.
description: 27 pages latex
Policy context as a factor of bias in the valuation of environmental goods – a dual-process theories perspective
Creators: name: Nikitina, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: When ecosystem services value estimates are applied in the economic assessment of environmental policies, high accuracy of these estimates is required. One of the directions in the scientific discussion on biases in stated preference (SP) valuation surveys builds on dual-process theories of judgment. The paper contributes to this literature by presenting an experiment where two types of judgment were induced via separate versus joint valuation of environmental goods. The results demonstrated that policy relevance of environmental issues, e.g. the need for conservation measures increases emotional response, causing a larger bias in the separate design as it involves ‘valuation by feeling.’ This finding suggests that the context of a specific policy, which is often the reason for conducting SP surveys, influences the answers, thereby making the results less reliable for use in cost–benefit analysis.
Ochrolechia parella A. Massal.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Ascomycetes
Pertusariales
Pertusariaceae
Ochrolechia
Ochrolechia parella

description: Lichen parellus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2: 710; Mantissa Plantarum: 132. 1767.
"Habitat in Muris." RCN: 8180.
 Lectotype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 334. 1994): [icon] " Lichenoides leprosum tinctorium, scutellis lapidum cancri figura" in Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: 130, t. 18, f. 10. 1741. - Epitype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 379. 1994): Herb. Dillenius Tab. XVIII, No. 10, lower central specimen (OXF).
 Current name: Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal. (Pertusariaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Mining the Demographics of Political Sentiment from Twitter Using Learning from Label Proportions
Creators: name: Ardehaly, Ehsan Mohammady
name: Culotta, Aron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Opinion mining and demographic attribute inference have many applications in social science. In this paper, we propose models to infer daily joint probabilities of multiple latent attributes from Twitter data, such as political sentiment and demographic attributes. Since it is costly and time-consuming to annotate data for traditional supervised classification, we instead propose scalable Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) models for demographic and opinion inference using U.S. Census, national and state political polls, and Cook partisan voting index as population level data. In LLP classification settings, the training data is divided into a set of unlabeled bags, where only the label distribution in of each bag is known, removing the requirement of instance-level annotations. Our proposed LLP model, Weighted Label Regularization (WLR), provides a scalable generalization of prior work on label regularization to support weights for samples inside bags, which is applicable in this setting where bags are arranged hierarchically (e.g., county-level bags are nested inside of state-level bags). We apply our model to Twitter data collected in the year leading up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election, producing estimates of the relationships among political sentiment and demographics over time and place. We find that our approach closely tracks traditional polling data stratified by demographic category, resulting in error reductions of 28-44% over baseline approaches. We also provide descriptive evaluations showing how the model may be used to estimate interactions among many variables and to identify linguistic temporal variation, capabilities which are typically not feasible using traditional polling methods.
An involution for symmetry of hook length and part length of partitions
Creators: name: Shin, Heesung
name: Zeng, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A {\em pointed partition} of $n$ is a pair $(λ, v)$ where $λ\vdash n$ and $v$ is a cell in its Ferrers diagram. We construct an involution on pointed partitions of $n$ exchanging "hook length" and "part length". This gives a bijective proof of a recent result of Bessenrodt and Han.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
The $q$-tangent and $q$-secant numbers via continued fractions
Creators: name: Shin, Heesung
name: Zeng, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 05A15, 33C45

description: It is well known that the $(-1)$-evaluation of the enumerator polynomials of permutations (resp. derangements) by the number of excedances gives rise to tangent numbers (resp. secant numbers). Recently, two distinct $q$-analogues of the latter result have been discovered by Foata and Han, and Josuat-Vergès, respectively. In this paper, we will prove some general continued fractions expansions formulae, which permits us to give a unified treatment of Josuat-Vergès' two formulae and also to derive a new $q$-analogue of the aforementioned formulae. Our approach is based on a $(p,q)$-analogue of tangent and secant numbers via continued fractions and also the generating function of permutations with respect to the quintuple statistic consisting of fixed point number, weak excedance number, crossing number, nesting number and inversion number. We also give a combinatorial proof of Josuat-Vergès' formulae by using a new linear model of derangements.
description: 19 pages; add a new result
Bijections for Entringer families
Creators: name: Gelineau, Yoann
name: Shin, Heesung
name: Zeng, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: André proved that the number of alternating permutations on $\{1, 2, \dots, n\}$ is equal to the Euler number $E_n$. A refinement of André's result was given by Entringer, who proved that counting alternating permutations according to the first element gives rise to Seidel's triangle $(E_{n,k})$ for computing the Euler numbers. In a series of papers, using generating function method and induction, Poupard gave several further combinatorial interpretations for $E_{n,k}$ both in alternating permutations and increasing trees. Kuznetsov, Pak, and Postnikov have given more combinatorial interpretations of $E_{n,k}$ in the model of trees. The aim of this paper is to provide bijections between the different models for $E_{n,k}$ as well as some new interpretations. In particular, we give the first explicit one-to-one correspondence between Entringer's alternating permutation model and Poupard's increasing tree model.
description: 19 pages
The symmetric and unimodal expansion of Eulerian polynomials via continued fractions
Creators: name: Shin, Heesung
name: Zeng, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper was motivated by a conjecture of Brändén (European J. Combin. \textbf{29} (2008), no.~2, 514--531) about the divisibility of the coefficients in an expansion of generalized Eulerian polynomials, which implies the symmetric and unimodal property of the Eulerian numbers. We show that such a formula with the conjectured property can be derived from the combinatorial theory of continued fractions. We also discuss an analogous expansion for the corresponding formula for derangements and prove a $(p,q)$-analogue of the fact that the (-1)-evaluation of the enumerator polynomials of permutations (resp. derangements) by the number of excedances gives rise to tangent numbers (resp. secant numbers). The $(p,q)$-analogue unifies and generalizes our recent results (European J. Combin. \textbf{31} (2010), no.~7, 1689--1705.) and that of Josuat-Vergès (European J. Combin. \textbf{31} (2010), no.~7, 1892--1906).
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Anticanonical modules of Segre products
Creators: name: Ene, Viviana
name: Herzog, Jürgen
name: Stamate, Dumitru I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13H10, 13C14

description: We compute the anticanonical module of the Segre product of standard graded $K$-algebras and determine its depth.
description: 14 pages. v2: strengthens the requirements for Theorem 1.6, changed Example 1.2 and added Remark 2.2, fixed some misprints. Comments are welcome! To appear in the Bull. Math. Soc. Sci. Math. Roumanie, special issue honoring Dorin Popescu
Computational snow avalanche simulation in forested terrain
Creators: name: Teich, Michaela
name: Fischer, Jan-Thomas
name: Feistl, Thomas
name: Bebi, Peter
name: Christen, Marc
name: Grêt-Regamey, Adrienne
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2013

description: Two-dimensional avalanche simulation software operating in three-dimensional terrainis widely used for hazard zoning and engineering to predict runout distances andimpact pressures of snow avalanche events. Mountain forests are an effective biologicalprotection measure; however, the protective capacity of forests to decelerate or even to stop avalanches that start within forested areas or directly above the treeline isseldom considered in this context. In particular, runout distances of small- to medium-scale avalanches are strongly influenced by the structural conditions of forests inthe avalanche path. We present an evaluation and improvement of a novel forestdetrainment function implemented in the avalanche simulation software RAMMS for avalanche simulation in forested terrain. The new approach accounts for the effect offorests in the avalanche path by detraining mass, which leads to a deceleration andrunout shortening of avalanches. The relationship is parameterized by the detrainmentcoefficientK(Pa) accounting for differing forest characteristics. We variedKwhensimulating 40 well-documented small- to medium-scale avalanches which released in and ran through forests of the Swiss Alps. Analyzing and comparing observed andsimulated runout distances statistically revealed values forKsuitable to simulate thecombined influence of four forest characteristics on avalanche runout: forest type,crown closure, vertical structure and surface roughness, e.g. values forKwere higherfor dense spruce and mixed spruce-beech forests compared to open larch forests at the upper treeline. Considering forest structural conditions within avalanche simulationwill improve current applications for avalanche simulation tools in mountain forest andnatural hazard management.
description: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 1
Improving the performance of bread wheat genotypes by managing irrigation and nitrogen under semi-arid conditions
Creators: name: Ul-Allah, Sami
name: Iqbal, Muhammad
name: Shafique Maqsood
name: Naeem, Muhammad
name: Ijaz, Muhammad
name: Ashfaq, Waseem
name: Mubshar Hussain
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity is generally affected by water limitation and inadequate nitrogen supply especially under semi-arid environment. The current study was conducted to determine whether the crop yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) could be manipulated through alteration of nitrogen and irrigation application. To meet the desired objectives, a two-year field study was carried out in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, in a split-split plot arrangement with three factors i) irrigation in main plots, ii) nitrogen in sub-plots, and iii) twenty genotypes in sub-sub plots on a sandy loam soil. The analysis of variance revealed that the wheat performance was affected by genotypes and alteration of irrigation and nitrogen application with respect to IWUE and final grain yield. IWUE under water stress conditions was observed 56% higher than normal irrigated. Much higher values of IWUE under water stress indicated that the existing optimum water requirements of the crop needs to be revaluated. The regression model indicated that addition of nitrogen and irrigation patterns along with morphological traits cannot explain variation in yield related traits more than 65% under semi-arid conditions. Therefore, for better crop yields in semi-arid environment, more physiological parameters should be considered in evaluation of yield.
On the enumeration of rooted trees with fixed size of maximal decreasing trees
Creators: name: Seo, Seunghyun
name: Shin, Heesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\T_{n}$ be the set of rooted labeled trees on $\set{0,...,n}$. A maximal decreasing subtree of a rooted labeled tree is defined by the maximal subtree from the root with all edges being decreasing. In this paper, we study a new refinement $\T_{n,k}$ of $\T_n$, which is the set of rooted labeled trees whose maximal decreasing subtree has $k+1$ vertices.
description: 10 pages, 1 figures
On inner iterations of Jacobi-Davidson type methods for large SVD computations
Creators: name: Huang, Jinzhi
name: Jia, Zhongxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65F15, 15A18, 65F10

description: We make a convergence analysis of the harmonic and refined harmonic extraction versions of Jacobi-Davidson SVD (JDSVD) type methods for computing one or more interior singular triplets of a large matrix $A$. At each outer iteration of these methods, a correction equation, i.e., inner linear system, is solved approximately by using iterative methods, which leads to two inexact JDSVD type methods, as opposed to the exact methods where correction equations are solved exactly. Accuracy of inner iterations critically affects the convergence and overall efficiency of the inexact JDSVD methods. A central problem is how accurately the correction equations should be solved so as to ensure that both of the inexact JDSVD methods can mimic their exact counterparts well, that is, they use almost the same outer iterations to achieve the convergence. In this paper, similar to the available results on the JD type methods for large matrix eigenvalue problems, we prove that each inexact JDSVD method behaves like its exact counterpart if all the correction equations are solved with $low\ or\ modest$ accuracy during outer iterations. Based on the theory, we propose practical stopping criteria for inner iterations. Numerical experiments confirm our theory and the effectiveness of the inexact algorithms.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures
Variational formulas, Busemann functions, and fluctuation exponents for the corner growth model with exponential weights
Creators: name: Seppäläinen, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35

description: These lecture notes discuss several related features of the exactly solvable two-dimensional corner growth model with exponentially distributed weights. A key property of this model is the availability of a fairly explicit stationary version that possesses useful independence properties. With the help of couplings and estimates, we prove the existence of Busemann functions for this model, and the precise values of the longitudinal and transversal fluctuation exponents for the stationary corner growth model. The Busemann functions in turn furnish extremals for variational formulas that describe limiting shape functions.
description: These notes were developed for the AMS Short Course on Random Growth Models (January 2017) and for the Research School on Random Structures in Statistical Mechanics and Mathematical Physics at CIRM in Marseille Luminy (March 2017). Later versions added two sections and made edits and corrections
Xanthoria parietina Th. Fr.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Ascomycetes
Teloschistales
Teloschistaceae
Xanthoria
Xanthoria parietina

description: Lichen parietinus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1143. 1753.
"Habitat in Europae parietibus, rupibus, lignis. arboreus s. rupestris." RCN: 8190.
 Lectotype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 335, 379. 1994): [icon] " Lichenoides vulgare sinuosum, foliis & scutellis luteis" in Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: 180, t. 24, f. 76 A. 1741. - Epitype (Jørgensen & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 379. 1994): Herb. Dillenius Tab. XXIV, f. 76A (OXF).
 Current name: Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Formally-Reversible Maps of C^2
Creators: name: O'Farrell, Anthony G.
name: Zaitsev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D05, 32A05, 32H02, 32H50, 37F10, 37F50

description: An element $g$ of a group is called {\em reversible} if it is conjugate in the group to its inverse. This paper is about reversibles in the group $G$ of formally-invertible pairs of formal power series in two variables, with complex coefficients. The main result is a description of the generic reversible elements of $G$. We list two explicit sequences of reversibles which between them represent all the conjugacy classes of such reversibles. We show that each such element is reversible by some element of finite order, and hence is the product of two elements of finite even order. Those elements that may be reversed by an involution are called {\em strongly reversible}. We also characterise these. We draw some conclusions about generic reversibles in the group of biholomorphic germs in two variables, and about the factorization of formal maps as products of reversibles. Specifically, each product of reversibles reduces to the product of five.
description: 24 pages. 20 March 2022: Two typos corrected in the proof of Lemma 2.1
From 3d duality to 2d duality
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Razamat, Shlomo S.
name: Willett, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss $3d$ ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories and their IR dualities when they are compactified on a circle of radius $r$, and when we take the $2d$ limit in which $r\to 0$. The $2d$ limit depends on how the mass parameters are scaled as $r\to 0$, and often vacua become infinitely distant in the $2d$ limit, leading to a direct sum of different $2d$ theories. For generic mass parameters, when we take the same limit on both sides of a duality, we obtain $2d$ dualities (between gauge theories and/or Landau-Ginzburg theories) that pass all the usual tests. However, when there are non-compact branches the discussion is subtle because the metric on the moduli space, which is not controlled by supersymmetry, plays an important role in the low-energy dynamics after compactification. Generally speaking, for IR dualities of gauge theories, we conjecture that dualities involving non-compact Higgs branches survive. On the other hand when there is a non-compact Coulomb branch on at least one side of the duality, the duality fails already when the $3d$ theories are compactified on a circle. Using the valid reductions we reproduce many known $2d$ IR dualities, giving further evidence for their validity, and we also find new $2d$ dualities.
The Role of attorney General dricting the investigation and processing a criminal proceeding in Somalia.
Creators: name: Mohamed Mohamud, Ahmed Afrah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: The Role of attorney General dricting the investigation and processing a criminal proceeding in Somalia.

description: In the early period, different Assistant Attorneys General handled criminal matters within the Department of Justice. The nucleus of what would later become the Criminal Division started forming around 1915. This Division was formally organized by the Attorney General in 1919, marking a significant step in the structured approach to criminal law enforcement in the United States. This period saw the Criminal Division taking charge of various criminal law aspects, including crimes against the United States, crimes committed on the high seas, and those under the national banking and naturalization laws. The Division also advised and instructed United States attorneys in various districts on conducting criminal cases (Hamilton, 2023).

The position of the Attorney General itself was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, making it one of the earliest established positions in the U.S. government. The Attorney General was originally appointed to act as the chief law officer for the United States and the legal adviser to the chief executive. The Attorney General's role has evolved to become the head of the Department of Justice, controlling all the law business of the government. As such, the Attorney General plays a crucial role as the nation's top legal authority, overseeing the legal aspects of government business, including criminal prosecutions. These historical developments highlight the evolving nature of the Attorney General’s role in the U.S., particularly in relation to criminal law and proceedings, reflecting the changes in the legal and political landscape of the country over time (Hamilton, 2023).

The historical roots of the Attorney General's role in Malaysia can be traced back to the British colonial era. Initially, the position was established to provide legal advice to the colonial administration, focusing primarily on legal counsel and the drafting of legislation. This foundational phase was critical in shaping the legal framework that would continue to influence Malaysia post-independence. Upon Malaysia's declaration of independence in 1957, the role of the Attorney General was constitutionally formalized, marking a significant transition. As the principal legal advisor to the King and the government, the Attorney General's responsibilities expanded to include a broader advisory capacity, legislative drafting, and an emerging role in the judicial system (Evers, 2016).
Irreversible thermodynamic description of dark matter and radiation creation during inflationary reheating
Creators: name: Su, Juntong
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Liang, Shi-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the matter creation processes during the reheating period at the end of inflation in the early Universe, by using the irreversible thermodynamic of open systems. The matter content of the Universe is assumed to consist of the inflationary scalar field, which, through its decay, generates relativistic matter, and pressureless dark matter, respectively. At the early stages of reheating the inflationary scalar field transfers its energy to the newly created matter particles, with the field energy decreasing to near zero. The general equations governing the irreversible matter creation during reheating are obtained by combining the thermodynamics description of the matter creation and the gravitational field equations. A dimensionless form of the general system of the reheating equations is also introduced. The role of the different inflationary scalar field potentials is analyzed by using analytical and numerical methods, and the evolution of the matter and scalar field densities, as well as of the cosmological parameters during reheating, are obtained. Typically, the values of the energy densities of relativistic matter and dark matter reach their maximum when the Universe is reheated up to the reheating temperature, which is determined for each case, as a function of the scalar field decay width, the scalar field particle mass, and of the cosmological parameters. An interesting result is that particle production leads to the acceleration of the Universe during the reheating phase, with the deceleration parameter showing a complex dynamics. Once the energy density of the scalar field becomes negligible with respect to the matter densities, the expansion of the Universe decelerates, and inflation has a graceful exit after reheating.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics
Annular noncrossing permutations and minimal transitive factorizations
Creators: name: Kim, Jang Soo
name: Seo, Seunghyun
name: Shin, Heesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give two combinatorial proofs of Goulden and Jackson's formula for the number of minimal transitive factorizations of a permutation when the permutation has two cycles. We use the recent result of Goulden, Nica, and Oancea on the number of maximal chains of annular noncrossing partitions of type $B$.
description: 13 pages, 3 Figures
Letter to Nobel committee for Nobel prize in camouflage physics
Creators: name: Anowar, Md. Anowar Hossain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Keynote of case letter

Nobel Nominee Professor Dr. Engr. Md. Anowar Hossain, Scientist is asking ‘Nobel Prize’ to the chairman of Nobel committee for his contribution in camouflage physics at RMIT University.
A refinement for ordered labeled trees
Creators: name: Seo, Seunghyun
name: Shin, Heesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{O}_n$ be the set of ordered labeled trees on ${0,...,n}$. A maximal decreasing subtree of an ordered labeled tree is defined by the maximal ordered subtree from the root with all edges being decreasing. In this paper, we study a new refinement $\mathcal{O}_{n,k}$ of $\mathcal{O}_n$, which is the set of ordered labeled trees whose maximal decreasing subtree has $k+1$ vertices.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; Korea Journal of Mathematics 20(2), 2012