cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Collision model for fully-resolved simulations of flows laden with finite-size particles
Creators: name: Costa, Pedro
name: Boersma, Bendiks Jan
name: Westerweel, Jerry
name: Breugem, Wim-Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a collision model for particle-particle and particle-wall interactions in interface-resolved simulations of particle-laden flows. Three types of inter-particle interactions are taken into account: (1) long- and (2) short-range hydrodynamic interactions, and (3) solid-solid contact. Long-range interactions are incorporated through an efficient and second-order accurate immersed boundary method (IBM). Short-range interactions are also partly reproduced by the IBM. However, since the IBM uses a fixed-grid, a lubrication model is needed for an inter-particle gap width smaller than the grid spacing. The lubrication model is based on asymptotic expansions of analytical solutions for canonical lubrication interactions between spheres in the Stokes regime. Roughness effects are incorporated by making the lubrication correction independent of the gap width for gap widths smaller than $\sim 1\%$ of the particle radius. This correction is applied until the particles reach solid-solid contact. To model solid-solid contact we use a variant of a linear soft-sphere collision model capable of stretching the collision time. This choice is computationally attractive because it allows to reduce the number of time steps required for integrating the collision force accurately and is physically realistic, provided that the prescribed collision time is much smaller than the characteristic timescale of particle motion. We verified the numerical implementation of our collision model and validated it against several benchmark cases for immersed head-on particle-wall and particle-particle collisions, and oblique particle-wall collisions. The results show good agreement with experimental data.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ cells regulate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells in the dorsal aorta.
Creators: name: Chandrakanthan, Vashe
name: Rorimpandey, Prunella
name: Zanini, Fabio
name: Chacon, Diego
name: Olivier, Jake
name: Joshi, Swapna
name: Kang, Young Chan
name: Knezevic, Kathy
name: Huang, Yizhou
name: Qiao, Qiao
name: Oliver, Rema A
name: Unnikrishnan, Ashwin
name: Carter, Daniel R
name: Lee, Brendan
name: Brownlee, Chris
name: Power, Carl
name: Brink, Robert
name: Mendez-Ferrer, Simon
name: Enikolopov, Grigori
name: Walsh, William
name: Göttgens, Berthold
name: Taoudi, Samir
name: Beck, Dominik
name: Pimanda, John E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aorta
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Mesoderm
Mesonephros
Animals
Mice
Hematopoiesis
Hemangioblasts

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust
description: Mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), on the ventral surface of the dorsal aorta, by endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells, which provide an essential niche for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow, reside in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and contribute to the development of the dorsal aorta and endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here we show that mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells (Mesp1der PSCs) contribute to the haemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta and populate the E10.5-E11.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros but by E13.5 were replaced by neural-crest-derived PSCs (Wnt1der PSCs). Co-aggregating non-haemogenic endothelial cells with Mesp1der PSCs but not Wnt1der PSCs resulted in activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in endothelial cells and generation of LT-HSCs. Dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRA or BMP, WNT and NOTCH signalling interrupted this reprogramming event. Together, aorta-gonad-mesonephros Mesp1der PSCs could potentially be harnessed to manufacture LT-HSCs from endothelium.
Large Fluctuations and Singular Behavior of Nonequilibrium Systems
Creators: name: Pinna, Daniele
name: Kent, Andrew D.
name: Stein, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general geometrical approach to the problem of escape from a metastable state in the presence of noise. The accompanying analysis leads to a simple condition, based on the norm of the drift field, for determining whether caustic singularities alter the escape trajectories when detailed balance is absent. We apply our methods to systems lacking detailed balance, including a nanomagnet with a biaxial magnetic anisotropy and subject to a spin transfer torque. The approach described within allows determination of the regions of experimental parameter space that admit caustics.
Tight uniform continuity bounds for quantum entropies: conditional entropy, relative entropy distance and energy constraints
Creators: name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a bouquet of continuity bounds for quantum entropies, falling broadly into two classes: First, a tight analysis of the Alicki-Fannes continuity bounds for the conditional von Neumann entropy, reaching almost the best possible form that depends only on the system dimension and the trace distance of the states. Almost the same proof can be used to derive similar continuity bounds for the relative entropy distance from a convex set of states or positive operators. As applications we give new proofs, with tighter bounds, of the asymptotic continuity of the relative entropy of entanglement, $E_R$, and its regularization $E_R^\infty$, as well as of the entanglement of formation, $E_F$. Using a novel "quantum coupling" of density operators, which may be of independent interest, we extend the latter to an asymptotic continuity bound for the regularized entanglement of formation, aka entanglement cost, $E_C=E_F^\infty$. Second, analogous continuity bounds for the von Neumann entropy and conditional entropy in infinite dimensional systems under an energy constraint, most importantly systems of multiple quantum harmonic oscillators. While without an energy bound the entropy is discontinuous, it is well-known to be continuous on states of bounded energy. However, a quantitative statement to that effect seems not to have been known. Here, under some regularity assumptions on the Hamiltonian, we find that, quite intuitively, the Gibbs entropy at the given energy roughly takes the role of the Hilbert space dimension in the finite-dimensional Fannes inequality.
description: 12pp, lots of lemmas but no theorem. V2, v3 v4, v5, v6 have ever more references and more accurate attribution of previous results. In v6 correct proof of the asymptotic continuity of entanglement cost, which had been claimed already in v4 and been retracted in v5
13 January 1849: Villiers, Katharine (-1874) to Lewis, Theresa (1803-1865)
Creators: name: Orchard, Jack
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 430201
subject: Archival, repository and related studies

description: A manuscript letter from the Bodleian Special Collections which has been transcribed, edited, and annotated by students participating in the Bodleian Student Editions workshop series, organised by Mike Webb, curator of Early Modern Manuscripts, and Miranda Lewis, Digital Editor of Early Modern Letters Online.
(102959) William Henry Chedzey Stiling
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Real Selves? Subjectivity and the Subpersonal Mind
Creators: name: Di Francesco, Michele
name: Marraffa, Massimo
name: Paternoster, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Phenomenology and Mind
Year: 2016

description: Phenomenology and Mind, No 7 (2014): Naturalism, the First-Person Persective and the Embodied Mind. Lynne Baker’s Challenge: Metaphysical and Practical Approaches
On the relation between asymptotic charges, the failure of peeling and late-time tails
Creators: name: Gajic, Dejan
name: Kehrberger, Leonhard M A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Paper
peeling
asymptotic analysis
gravitational radiation
black holes
wave equation
late-time tails
linearised gravity

description: Abstract: The last few years have seen considerable mathematical progress concerning the asymptotic structure of gravitational radiation in dynamical, astrophysical spacetimes. In this paper, we distil some of the key ideas from recent works and assemble them in a new way in order to make them more accessible to the wider general relativity community. In the process, we also discuss new physical findings. First, we introduce the conserved f(r)-modified Newman–Penrose charges on asymptotically flat spacetimes, and we show that these charges provide a dictionary that relates asymptotics of massless, general spin fields in different regions: asymptotic behaviour near i + (‘late-time tails’) can be read off from asymptotic behaviour towards I+ , and, similarly, asymptotic behaviour towards I+ can be read off from asymptotic behaviour near i − or I− . Using this dictionary, we then explain how: (I) the quadrupole approximation for a system of N infalling masses from i − causes the ‘peeling property towards I+ ’ to be violated, and (II) this failure of peeling results in deviations from the usual predictions for tails in the late-time behaviour of gravitational radiation: instead of the Price’s law rate rΨ[4]|I+∼u−6 as u → ∞, we predict that rΨ[4]|I+∼u−4 , with the coefficient of this latter decay rate being a multiple of the monopole and quadrupole moments of the matter distribution in the infinite past.
Charge Pumping of Interacting Fermion Atoms in the Synthetic Dimension
Creators: name: Zeng, Tian-Sheng
name: Wang, Ce
name: Zhai, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated that a spin-orbit coupled multi-component gas in 1d lattice can be viewed as spinless gas in a synthetic 2d lattice with a magnetic flux. In this letter we consider interaction effect of such a Fermi gas, and propose signatures in charge pumping experiment, which can be easily realized in this setting. Using 1/3 filling of the lowest 2d band as an example, in strongly interacting regime, we show that the charge pumping value gradually approaches a universal fractional value for large spin component and low filling of 1d lattice, indicating a fractional quantum Hall type behavior; while the charge pumping value is zero if the 1d lattice filling is commensurate, indicating a Mott insulator behavior. The charge-density-wave order is also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
SelfFed: Self-Supervised Federated Learning for Data Heterogeneity and Label Scarcity in Medical Images
Creators: name: Khowaja, Sunder Ali
name: Dev, Kapal
name: Anwar, Syed Muhammad
name: Linguraru, Marius George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-supervised learning in the federated learning paradigm has been gaining a lot of interest both in industry and research due to the collaborative learning capability on unlabeled yet isolated data. However, self-supervised based federated learning strategies suffer from performance degradation due to label scarcity and diverse data distributions, i.e., data heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose the SelfFed framework for medical images to overcome data heterogeneity and label scarcity issues. The first phase of the SelfFed framework helps to overcome the data heterogeneity issue by leveraging the pre-training paradigm that performs augmentative modeling using Swin Transformer-based encoder in a decentralized manner. The label scarcity issue is addressed by fine-tuning paradigm that introduces a contrastive network and a novel aggregation strategy. We perform our experimental analysis on publicly available medical imaging datasets to show that SelfFed performs better when compared to existing baselines and works. Our method achieves a maximum improvement of 8.8% and 4.1% on Retina and COVID-FL datasets on non-IID datasets. Further, our proposed method outperforms existing baselines even when trained on a few (10%) labeled instances.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Language acquisition and speech rhythm patterns: an auditory neuroscience perspective.
Creators: name: Goswami, Usha
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rhythm
subject: Perspective
subject: Auditory
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Language Acquisition

description: All human infants acquire language, but their brains do not know which language/s to prepare for. This observation suggests that there are fundamental components of the speech signal that contribute to building a language system, and fundamental neural processing mechanisms that use these components, which are shared across languages. Equally, disorders of language acquisition are found across all languages, with the most prevalent being developmental language disorder (approx. 7% prevalence), where oral language comprehension and production is atypical, and developmental dyslexia (approx. 7% prevalence), where written language acquisition is atypical. Recent advances in auditory neuroscience, along with advances in modelling the speech signal from an amplitude modulation (AM, intensity or energy change) perspective, have increased our understanding of both language acquisition and these developmental disorders. Speech rhythm patterns turn out to be fundamental to both sensory and neural linguistic processing. The rhythmic routines typical of childcare in many cultures, the parental practice of singing lullabies to infants, and the ubiquitous presence of BabyTalk (infant-directed speech) all enhance the fundamental AM components that contribute to building a linguistic brain.
Python based detector simulation software - RASER
Creators: name: Suyu Xiao
name: Shi, Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We developed a fast simulation software for semi-conductor detector in python - RASER (RAdiation SEmi-conductoR). RASER aims to estimate both spatial and timing resolution for semiconductor (silicon and SiC for now) detectors, providing predicts for detector design. It works relied on Geant4 and DEVSIM. Nonuniform charge deposition is solved from Geant4. The python bindings for Geant4 depends on g4py. The process of solving for the electric field is implemented in DEVSIM by creating a mesh, defining doping, and incorporating models such as the Shockley-Read-Hall model and Hatakeyama avalanche model. In devsim, equations are transformed into integral forms and solved. Timing resolution research of SiC planar and 3D PiN has published based on RASER simulation. TCT study and telescope frame is ongoing.
title: Generative adversarial networks for sequential learning
Creators: name: Xu, Tianlin
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: Generative modelling aims to learn the data generating mechanism from observations without supervision. It is a desirable and natural approach for learning unlabelled data which is easily accessible. Deep generative models refer to a class of generative models combined with the usage of deep learning techniques, taking advantage of the intuitive principles of generative models as well as the expressiveness and flexibility of neural networks. The applications of generative modelling include image, audio, and video synthesis, text summarisation and translation, and so on. The methods developed in this thesis particularly emphasise on domains involving data of sequential nature, such as video generation and prediction, weather forecasting, and dynamic 3D reconstruction. Firstly, we introduce a new adversarial algorithm for training generative models suitable for sequential data. This algorithm is built on the theory of Causal Optimal Transport (COT) which constrains the transport plans to respect the temporal dependencies exhibited in the data. Secondly, the algorithm is extended to learn conditional sequences, that is, how a sequence is likely to evolve given the observation of its past evolution. Meanwhile, we work with the modified empirical measures to guarantee the convergence of the COT distance when the sequences do not overlap at any time step. Thirdly, we show that state-of-the-art results in the complex spatio-temporal modelling using GANs can be further improved by leveraging prior knowledge in the spatial-temporal correlation in the domain of weather forecasting. Finally, we demonstrate how deep generative models can be adopted to address a classical statistical problem of conditional independence testing. A class of classic approaches for such a task requires computing a test statistic using samples drawn from two unknown conditional distributions. We therefore present a double GANs framework to learn two generative models that approximate both conditional distributions. The success of this approach sheds light on how certain challenging statistical problems can benefit from the adequate learning results as well as the efficient sampling procedure of deep generative models.
(102960) Rita Grace Pitts
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Covariance Dynamics and Entanglement in Translation Invariant Linear Quantum Stochastic Networks
Creators: name: Sichani, Arash Kh.
name: Vladimirov, Igor G.
name: Petersen, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q93, 93A15, 81P40, 81S25, 93E15, 82C10, 82C20, 82B10, 42B10, 15B05

description: This paper is concerned with a translation invariant network of identical quantum stochastic systems subjected to external quantum noise. Each node of the network is directly coupled to a finite number of its neighbours. This network is modelled as an open quantum harmonic oscillator and is governed by a set of linear quantum stochastic differential equations. The dynamic variables of the network satisfy the canonical commutation relations. Similar large-scale networks can be found, for example, in quantum metamaterials and optical lattices. Using spatial Fourier transform techniques, we obtain a sufficient condition for stability of the network in the case of finite interaction range, and consider a mean square performance index for the stable network in the thermodynamic limit. The Peres-Horodecki-Simon separability criterion is employed in order to obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for quantum entanglement of bipartite systems of nodes of the network in the Gaussian invariant state. The results on stability and entanglement are extended to the infinite chain of the linear quantum systems by letting the number of nodes go to infinity. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the results.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to the 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 15-18, 2015, Osaka, Japan
(102968) Edith Jane [Duke]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Determining X-chains in graph states
Creators: name: Wu, Jun-Yi
name: Kampermann, Hermann
name: Bruß, Dagmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The representation of graph states in the X-basis as well as the calculation of graph state overlaps can efficiently be performed by using the concept of X-Chains [Phys. Rev. A 92(1) 012322]. We present a necessary and sufficient criterion for X-chains and show that they can efficiently be determined by Bareiss algorithm. An analytical approach for searching X-chain groups of a graph state is proposed. Furthermore we generalize the concept of X-chains to so-called Euler chains, whose induced subgraphs are Eulerian. This approach helps to determine if a given vertex set is an X-chain and we show how Euler chains can be used in the construction of multipartite Bell inequalities for graph states.
description: Published version with corrections of some typos and refferences
Towards a Faithful Description of the First-Person Perspective Phenomenon: Embodiment in a Body That Happens to Be Mine
Creators: name: Bellini, Bianca
Publisher: name: Phenomenology and Mind
Year: 2016

description: Phenomenology and Mind, No 7 (2014): Naturalism, the First-Person Persective and the Embodied Mind. Lynne Baker’s Challenge: Metaphysical and Practical Approaches
Stable Signal Recovery from Phaseless Measurements
Creators: name: Gao, Bing
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to study the stability of the $\ell_1$ minimization for the compressive phase retrieval and to extend the instance-optimality in compressed sensing to the real phase retrieval setting. We first show that the $m={\mathcal O}(k\log(N/k))$ measurements is enough to guarantee the $\ell_1$ minimization to recover $k$-sparse signals stably provided the measurement matrix $A$ satisfies the strong RIP property. We second investigate the phaseless instance-optimality with presenting a null space property of the measurement matrix $A$ under which there exists a decoder $Δ$ so that the phaseless instance-optimality holds. We use the result to study the phaseless instance-optimality for the $\ell_1$ norm. The results build a parallel for compressive phase retrieval with the classical compressive sensing.
Space-dependent Aggregation of Stochastic Data-driven Turbulence Models
Creators: name: Cherroud, Soufiane
name: Merle, Xavier
name: Cinnella, Paola
name: Gloerfelt, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stochastic Machine-Learning approach is developed for data-driven Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) predictions of turbulent flows, with quantified model uncertainty. This is done by combining a Bayesian symbolic identification methodology for learning stochastic RANS model corrections for selected classes of flows (expert models), and a Mixture-of-Experts methodology that aggregates their predictions. The expert models are learned using the recently proposed SBL-SpaRTA algorithm, which generates sparse analytical expressions of the corrective terms with model parameters described by probability distributions. They outperform the baseline RANS model for flows similar to those used for training, but their generalization to different flows is not warranted. With the aim of quantifying the predictive uncertainty associated with the data-driven models while improving predictive accuracy and generalization capabilities, a space-dependent model aggregation technique (XMA) is then adopted. A gating function, which assigns each model a performance score (weight) based on a vector of local flow features, is trained alongside the expert models. The weights can be interpreted as the probability that a candidate model will outperform its competitors given the flow behavior at a given location. Predictions of unseen flows are formulated as a locally weighted average of the stochastic solutions of the expert models. A prediction uncertainty estimate is obtained by propagating the models' posterior parameter distributions and by evaluating the inter-model prediction variance. The expectancy of the XMA prediction is significantly more accurate than the baseline deterministic solution and the individual solutions of the experts for well-documented benchmark flows not included in the training set, while providing consistent estimates of the predictive variance.
Miniscrew assisted orthodontic retraction of Class I malocclusion with Bimaxillary protrusion patient using sliding mechanics- A case report
Creators: name: DR. Rizwan Gilani
name: Dr. Shruti Rathi
name: Dr. Shefali Singh
name: Dr. Anjali Kathade
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Retraction, Mini-screw. TADs, Bimaxillary protrusion, Absolute anchorage

description: CARE checklist
Qubit measurement error from coupling with a detuned neighbor in circuit QED
Creators: name: Khezri, Mostafa
name: Dressel, Justin
name: Korotkov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In modern circuit QED architectures, superconducting transmon qubits are measured via the state-dependent phase and amplitude shift of a microwave field leaking from a coupled resonator. Determining this shift requires integrating the field quadratures for a nonzero duration, which can permit unwanted concurrent evolution. Here we investigate such dynamical degradation of the measurement fidelity caused by a detuned neighboring qubit. We find that in realistic parameter regimes, where the qubit ensemble-dephasing rate is slower than the qubit-qubit detuning, the joint qubit-qubit eigenstates are better discriminated by measurement than the bare states. Furthermore, we show that when the resonator leaks much more slowly than the qubit-qubit detuning, the measurement tracks the joint eigenstates nearly adiabatically. However, the measurement process also causes rare quantum jumps between the eigenstates. The rate of these jumps becomes significant if the resonator decay is comparable to or faster than the qubit-qubit detuning, thus significantly degrading the measurement fidelity in a manner reminiscent of energy relaxation processes.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures; v2 published version
Quantum teleportation and nonlocality: the puzzling predictions of entanglement are coming of age
Creators: name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Tanzilli, Sébastien
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The academic research into entanglement nicely illustrates the interplay between fundamental science and applications, and the need to foster both aspects to advance either one. For instance, the possibility to distribute entangled photons over tens or even hundreds of kilometers is fascinating because it confirms the quantum predictions over large distances, while quantum theory is often presented to apply to the very small (see Figure 1). On the other hand, entanglement enables quantum key distribution (QKD) [1]. This most advanced application of quantum information processing allows one to distribute cryptographic keys in a provably secure manner. For this, one merely has to measure the two halves of an entangled pair of photons. Surprisingly, and being of both fundamental and practical interest, the use of entanglement removes even the necessity for trusting most equipment used for the measurements [5]. Furthermore, entanglement serves as a resource for quantum teleportation (see Figure 2) [1]. In turn, this provides a tool for extending quantum key distribution to arbitrarily large distances and building large-scale networks that connect future quantum computers and atomic clocks [6]. In the following, we describe the counter-intuitive properties of entangled particles as well as a few recent experiments that address fundamental and applied aspects of quantum teleportation. While a lot of work is being done using different quantum systems, including trapped ions, color centers in diamond, quantum dots, and superconducting circuits, we will restrict ourselves to experiments involving photons due to their suitability for building future quantum networks.
description: This paper is intended to be published in the 2015 fourth issue of Europhysics News as a "Feature Article"
Seminatural SUSY from $E_7$ Nonlinear Sigma Model
Creators: name: Harigaya, Keisuke
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
name: Yokozaki, Norimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new focus point supersymemtry breaking scenario based on the supersymmetric $E_7$ non-linear sigma model. In this non-linear sigma model, squarks and sleptons are identified with (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone bosons. Their masses are generated only radiatively through gauge and yukawa interactions, and they are much smaller than the gravitino and gaugino masses at a high energy scale. On the other hand, Higgs doublets belong to matter multiplets and hence may have unsuppressed supersymmetry-breaking soft masses. We consider their masses to be equal to the gravitino mass at the high energy scale, assuming the minimal Kahler potential for Higgs doublets. We show that the fine-tuning measure of the electroweak symmetry breaking scale is reduced significantly to $Δ=30-70$, if the ratio of the gravitino mass to the gaugino mass is around $5/4$. Also, the prospects of the discovery/exclusion of supersymmetric particles at the Large Hadron Collider and dark matter direct detection experiments are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Ermolao Rubieri ad Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti, Ippplito Pestellini, Vittorio degli Albizzi, Giuseppe Poggi, Bartolomeo Cini, Luigi Ridolfì, Gustavo Dalgas, Ubaldino Peruzzi, Niccolò Ridolfi, Giorgo Roster, Fausto Sestini in Pisa e a Felice Francolini (14 febbraio 1877)
Creators: name: Rubieri, Ermolao
name: Targioni Tozzetti, Adolfo
name: Pestellini, Ippolito
name: Albizzi, Vittorio : degli
name: Poggi, Giuseppe
name: Cini, Bartolomeo
name: Ridolfi, Luigi
name: Dalgas, Gustavo
name: Peruzzi, Ubaldino
name: Ridolfi, Niccolò
name: Roster, Giorgio
name: Sestini, Fausto
name: Francolini, Felice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Accademia dei Georgofili
Rubieri, Ermolao
Targioni Tozzetti, Adolfo
Pestellini, Ippolito
Albizzi, Vittorio : degli
Poggi, Giuseppe
Cini, Bartolomeo
Ridolfi, Luigi
Dalgas, Gustavo
Peruzzi, Ubaldino
Ridolfi, Niccolò
Roster, Giorgio
Sestini, Fausto
Francolini, Felice
1877

description: Lettera di Ermolao Rubieri ad Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti, Ippplito Pestellini, Vittorio degli Albizzi, Giuseppe Poggi, Bartolomeo Cini, Luigi Ridolfì, Gustavo Dalgas, Ubaldino Peruzzi, Niccolò Ridolfi, Giorgo Roster, Fausto Sestini in Pisa e a Felice Francolini (14 febbraio 1877). Segnatura dell’unità documentale: Archivio storico dell’Accademia dei Georgofili, Carteggio amministrativo, Busta 47, 909. Natura: manoscritto. Consistenza: cc. 2
description: Digitalizzato come parte della Mostra virtuale: Ubaldino Peruzzi : un percorso in rete : in occasione del bicentenario della nascita https://www.georgofili.it/contenuti/ubaldino-peruzzi-un-percorso-in-rete/17485
The role of spin in entanglement generated by expanding spacetime
Creators: name: Pierini, Roberto
name: Moradi, Shahpoor
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of spin on entanglement arising in Dirac field in an expanding spacetime characterized by the Robertson-Walker metric. We present a general approach that allows us to treat the case where only charge conservation is required, as well as the case where also angular momentum conservation is required. We fiend that in both situations entanglement, quantified by subsystem entropy, behaves the same and does not qualitatively deviates from the spinless case. Differences only arise when particles and/or antiparticles are present in the input state.
description: Submitted for publication to IJTP. Title slightly modified, new results added
Hierarchical progressive surveys. Multi-resolution HEALPix data structures for astronomical images, catalogues, and 3-dimensional data cubes
Creators: name: Fernique, P.
name: Allen, M. G.
name: Boch, T.
name: Oberto, A.
name: Pineau, F-X.
name: Durand, D.
name: Bot, C.
name: Cambresy, L.
name: Derriere, S.
name: Genova, F.
name: Bonnarel, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scientific exploitation of the ever increasing volumes of astronomical data requires efficient and practical methods for data access, visualisation, and analysis. Hierarchical sky tessellation techniques enable a multi-resolution approach to organising data on angular scales from the full sky down to the individual image pixels. Aims. We aim to show that the Hierarchical progressive survey (HiPS) scheme for describing astronomical images, source catalogues, and three-dimensional data cubes is a practical solution to managing large volumes of heterogeneous data and that it enables a new level of scientific interoperability across large collections of data of these different data types. Methods. HiPS uses the HEALPix tessellation of the sphere to define a hierarchical tile and pixel structure to describe and organise astronomical data. HiPS is designed to conserve the scientific properties of the data alongside both visualisation considerations and emphasis on the ease of implementation. We describe the development of HiPS to manage a large number of diverse image surveys, as well as the extension of hierarchical image systems to cube and catalogue data. We demonstrate the interoperability of HiPS and Multi-Order Coverage (MOC) maps and highlight the HiPS mechanism to provide links to the original data. Results. Hierarchical progressive surveys have been generated by various data centres and groups for ~200 data collections including many wide area sky surveys, and archives of pointed observations. These can be accessed and visualised in Aladin, Aladin Lite, and other applications. HiPS provides a basis for further innovations in the use of hierarchical data structures to facilitate the description and statistical analysis of large astronomical data sets.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Effects of Network Connectivity and Functional Diversity Distribution on Human Collective Ideation
Creators: name: Cao, Yiding
name: Dong, Yingjun
name: Kim, Minjun
name: MacLaren, Neil G.
name: Pandey, Sriniwas
name: Dionne, Shelley D.
name: Yammarino, Francis J.
name: Sayama, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human collective tasks in teams and organizations increasingly require participation of members with diverse backgrounds working in networked social environments. However, little is known about how network structure and the functional diversity of member backgrounds would interact with each other and affect collective processes. Here we conducted three sets of human-subject experiments which involved 617 university students who collaborated anonymously in a collective ideation task on a custom-made online social network platform. We found that spatially clustered collectives with assortative background distribution tended to explore more diverse ideas than in other conditions, whereas collectives with random background distribution consistently generated ideas with the highest utility. We also found that higher network connectivity may improve individuals' overall experience but may not improve the collective performance regarding idea generation, idea diversity, and final idea quality.
description: 50 pages, 23 figures, 3 tables
A Method to Calculate Fission-Fragment Yields $Y(Z,N)$ versus Proton and Neutron Number in the Brownian Shape-Motion Model. Application to calculations of U and Pu charge yields
Creators: name: Moller, P.
name: Ichikawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) fission-fragment yield $Y(Z,N)$ versus both proton and neutron number, with inclusion of odd-even staggering effects in both variables. The approach is to use Brownian shape-motion on a macroscopic-microscopic potential-energy surface which, for a particular compound system is calculated versus four shape variables: elongation (quadrupole moment $Q_2$), neck $d$, left nascent fragment spheroidal deformation $ε_{\rm f1}$, right nascent fragment deformation $ε_{\rm f2}$ and two asymmetry variables, namely proton and neutron numbers in each of the two fragments. The extension of previous models 1) introduces a method to calculate this generalized potential-energy function and 2) allows the correlated transfer of nucleon pairs in one step, in addition to sequential transfer. In the previous version the potential energy was calculated as a function of $Z$ and $N$ of the compound system and its shape, including the asymmetry of the shape. We outline here how to generalize the model from the "compound-system" model to a model where the emerging fragment proton and neutron numbers also enter, over and above the compound system composition.
(102947) Kate Rexford De Soiza Imber
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fractal energy carpets in non-Hermitian Hofstadter quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Ouvry, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-Hermitian Hofstadter dynamics of a quantum particle with biased motion on a square lattice in the background of a magnetic field. We show that in quasi-momentum space the energy spectrum is an overlap of infinitely many inequivalent fractals. The energy levels in each fractal are space-filling curves with Hausdorff dimension 2. The band structure of the spectrum is similar to a fractal spider net in contrast to the Hofstadter butterfly for unbiased motion.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures. Fractal properties of the energy levels are visualised in the supplementary video material https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODS3QVkPTPE
The Ego as Substrate of Habitualities: Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology of the Habitual Self
Creators: name: Moran, Dermot
Publisher: name: Phenomenology and Mind
Year: 2016

description: Husserl’s phenomenology offers a very complex treratment of the full conscious person as constituted out of its capacities and habitualities. Human existence develops itself habitually through its intentional meaningful practices both individually and communally. Habit can be found at all levels in the constitution of meaningfulness (Sinnhaftigkeit), from the lowest level of passivity, through perceptual experience, to the formation of the ego itself, and outwards to the development of intersubjective society with its history and tradition, to include finally the whole sense of the harmonious course of worldly life. Husserl uses a range of terms to express his concept of habit including: Habitus, Habitualität, Gewohnheit, das Habituelle, Habe, Besitz, Sitte, and even Tradition. Husserl’s account deeply influenced Ortega Y Gasset, Alfred Schutz, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Pierre Bourdieu, among others. This paper will give an overall analysis of Husserl’s conception of the habitual self.
description: Phenomenology and Mind, No 6 (2014): Mind, Habits and Social Reality
Types and Habits. Habits and their Cognitive background in Hume and Husserl
Creators: name: Lohmar, Dieter
Publisher: name: Phenomenology and Mind
Year: 2016

description: The paper begins with a brief characterization of the function of types in the process of perception before discussing their different possible degrees of generality. Some similarities in the function of habits and types are then thematized, similarities based on the fact that each is the compact result of some set of prior experiences. Following these clues, both parallels and important differences between types and concepts are discussed. The second part of the paper investigates the function of types in the perception of concrete objects, the arousal of types in sensibility and the ongoing competition of different types striving for fulfillment. It is shown that the selection, collection, interpretation, and synthesis of sensible elements in perception are guided by the pre-knowledge that is sedimented in types. In the third part some very basic forms of cognition are shown to be based on the use of a type in a new cognitive context. Finally, a close connection is drawn between Hume’s investigation of association and habit and Husserl’s concept of types.
description: Phenomenology and Mind, No 6 (2014): Mind, Habits and Social Reality
Serialized Quantum Error Correction Protocol for High-Bandwidth Quantum Repeaters
Creators: name: Glaudell, Andrew N.
name: Waks, Edo
name: Taylor, Jacob M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P45

description: Advances in single photon creation, transmission, and detection suggest that sending quantum information over optical fibers may have losses low enough to be correctable using a quantum error correcting code. Such error-corrected communication is equivalent to a novel quantum repeater scheme, but crucial questions regarding implementation and system requirements remain open. Here we show that long range entangled bit generation with rates approaching $10^8$ ebits/s may be possible using a completely serialized protocol, in which photons are generated, entangled, and error corrected via sequential, one-way interactions with a minimal number of matter qubits. Provided loss and error rates of the required elements are below the threshold for quantum error correction, this scheme demonstrates improved performance over transmission of single photons. We find improvement in ebit rates at large distances using this serial protocol and various quantum error correcting codes.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
On the Origin, Nature, and Genesis of Habit
Creators: name: Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine
Publisher: name: Phenomenology and Mind
Year: 2016

description: This article details fundamental aspects of habits, beginning with the fact that habits are dynamic patterns that are learned, and that in coincidence with this learning, habits of mind are formed, as in the formation of expectations, thus of certain if/then relationships. It points out that, in quite the opposite manner of the practice of phenomenology, the strange is made familiar in the formation of habits. It shows how clear-sighted recognition of the seminal significance of movement and phenomenologically-grounded understandings of movement are essential to understandings of habits and the habits of mind that go with them. The article differentiates non-developmentally achieved habits from developmentally achieved habits, but elucidates too the relationship between instincts and habits. It elucidates the relationship in part by showing how, contra Merleau-Ponty, “in man” there is a “natural sign”—or rather, natural signs. By relinquishing an adultist stance and delving into our common infancy and early childhood, we recognize the need for what Husserl terms a “regressive inquiry” and thereby recover ‘natural signs’ such as smiling, laughing, and crying. At the same time, we honor Husserl’s insight that “habit and free motivation intertwine.” As the article shows, resolution of the relationship between habit and free motivation requires recognition of nonlinguistic corporeal concepts that develop in concert with synergies of meaningful movement, concepts and synergies achieved not by embodied minds but mindful bodies.
description: Phenomenology and Mind, No 6 (2014): Mind, Habits and Social Reality