cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis of the relationship between gene expression variation and DNA polymorphism in Drosophila simulans
Creators: name: Jones, Corbin
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Background Understanding how DNA sequence polymorphism relates to variation in gene expression is essential to connecting genotypic differences with phenotypic differences among individuals. Addressing this question requires linking population genomic data with gene expression variation. Results Using whole genome expression data and recent light shotgun genome sequencing of six Drosophila simulans genotypes, we assessed the relationship between expression variation in males and females and nucleotide polymorphism across thousands of loci. By examining sequence polymorphism in gene features, such as untranslated regions and introns, we find that genes showing greater variation in gene expression between genotypes also have higher levels of sequence polymorphism in many gene features. Accordingly, X-linked genes, which have lower sequence polymorphism levels than autosomal genes, also show less expression variation than autosomal genes. We also find that sex-specifically expressed genes show higher local levels of polymorphism and divergence than both sex-biased and unbiased genes, and that they appear to have simpler regulatory regions. Conclusion The gene-feature-based analyses and the X-to-autosome comparisons suggest that sequence polymorphism in cis-acting elements is an important determinant of expression variation. However, this relationship varies among the different categories of sex-biased expression, and trans factors might contribute more to male-specific gene expression than cis effects. Our analysis of sex-specific gene expression also shows that female-specific genes have been overlooked in analyses that only point to male-biased genes as having unusual patterns of evolution and that studies of sexually dimorphic traits need to recognize that the relationship between genetic and expression variation at these traits is different from the genome as a whole.
title: High Definition CT doesn’t increase radiation dose on “ultra low dose” CCTA acquisition protocols.
Creators: name: Tavildari, Alain
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate that High Definition Computed Tomography (HDCT) imaging doesn’t increase radiation dose for Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA), already using “ultra low dose” acquisition...
Some aspects of semi-abelian homology and protoadditive functors
Creators: name: Everaert, Tomas
name: Gran, Marino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G50, 18A40, 20J05, 18E40

description: In this note some recent developments in the study of homology in semi-abelian categories are briefly presented. In particular the role of protoadditive functors in the study of Hopf formulae for homology is explained.
description: 7 pages
title: Computed Tomography vs Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the evaluation of intra- and extra-peritoneal rectal cancer
Creators: name: Conforti, Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Staging
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Colon
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The discrimination between intra- and extraperitoneal rectal cancer has important implications for both oncologic and surgical grounds, since these different tumors have to be treated in different ways and since they present different risks of local...
Optimal Estimation with Limited Measurements and Noisy Communication
Creators: name: Gao, Xiaobin
name: Akyol, Emrah
name: Basar, Tamer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers a sequential estimation and sensor scheduling problem with one sensor and one estimator. The sensor makes sequential observations about the state of an underlying memoryless stochastic process, and makes a decision as to whether or not to send this measurement to the estimator. The sensor and the estimator have the common objective of minimizing expected distortion in the estimation of the state of the process, over a finite time horizon, with the constraint that the sensor can transmit its observation only a limited number of times. As opposed to the prior work where communication between the sensor and the estimator was assumed to be perfect (noiseless), in this work an additive noise channel with fixed power constraint is considered; hence, the sensor has to encode its message before transmission. For some specific source and channel noise densities, we obtain the optimal encoding and estimation policies in conjunction with the optimal transmission schedule. The impact of the presence of a noisy channel is analyzed numerically based on dynamic programming. This analysis yields some rather surprising results such as a phase-transition phenomenon in the number of used transmission opportunities, which was not encountered in the noiseless communication setting.
description: X. Gao, E. Akyol, and T. Basar. Optimal estimation with limited measurements and noisy communication. In 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC15), 2015, to appear
An optimized dispersion-relation-preserving combined compact difference scheme to solve advection equations
Creators: name: Yu, Ching-Hao
name: Wang, Dan
name: He, Zhiguo
name: Pähtz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we first present an improved version of the classical sixth-order combined compact difference (CCD6) scheme to enhance the convective stability of advection equations through an increased dispersion accuracy. This improved fifth-order dispersion-relation-preserving combined compact difference scheme (DRPCCD5) has been rigorously analyzed through the dispersion, phase speed anisotropy and stability analyses. We then couple the DRPCCD5 scheme with the previous fifth-order compact-reconstruction weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CRWENO5) scheme using a novel hybrid strategy based on the monotonicity-maintenance criteria. To verify the resulting "optimized" hybrid scheme (ODRPCCD5), several benchmark problems with available exact solution are investigated. The comparison to the previous fifth-order WENO (WENO5) scheme shows that the ODRPCCD5 avoids numerical oscillation around discontinuities, handles large gradients well, and is much faster at the same accuracy because a coarser mesh can be used.
Resolution of a conflict between Laser and Elementary Particle Physics
Creators: name: Leader, Elliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The claim some years ago, contrary to all textbooks, that the angular momentum of a photon (and gluon) can be split in a gauge-invariant way into an orbital and spin term, sparked a major controversy in the Particle Physics community. A further cause of upset was the realization that the gluon polarization in a nucleon, a supposedly physically meaningful quantity, corresponds only to the gauge-variant gluon spin derived from Noether's theorem, evaluated in a particular gauge. On the contrary, Laser Physicists have, for decades, been happily measuring physical quantities which correspond to orbital and spin angular momentum evaluated in a particular gauge. This paper reconciles the two points of view.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Dystrophin-deficient dogs with reduced myostatin have unequal muscle growth and greater joint contractures
Creators: name: Bogan, Daniel J
name: Dow, Jennifer L
name: Wang, Jiahui
name: Styner, Martin
name: Kornegay, Joe N.
name: Ahn, Mihye
name: Fan, Zheng
name: Willis, Monte
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Bogan, Janet R
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Myostatin (Mstn) is a negative regulator of muscle growth whose inhibition promotes muscle growth and regeneration. Dystrophin-deficient mdx mice in which myostatin is knocked out or inhibited postnatally have a less severe phenotype with greater total mass and strength and less fibrosis and fatty replacement of muscles than mdx mice with wild-type myostatin expression. Dogs with golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) have previously been noted to have increased muscle mass and reduced fibrosis after systemic postnatal myostatin inhibition. Based partly on these results, myostatin inhibitors are in development for use in human muscular dystrophies. However, persisting concerns regarding the effects of long-term and profound myostatin inhibition will not be easily or imminently answered in clinical trials. Methods To address these concerns, we developed a canine (GRippet) model by crossbreeding dystrophin-deficient GRMD dogs with Mstn-heterozygous (Mstn +/−) whippets. A total of four GRippets (dystrophic and Mstn +/−), three GRMD (dystrophic and Mstn wild-type) dogs, and three non-dystrophic controls from two litters were evaluated. Results Myostatin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels were downregulated in both GRMD and GRippet dogs. GRippets had more severe postural changes and larger (more restricted) maximal joint flexion angles, apparently due to further exaggeration of disproportionate effects on muscle size. Flexors such as the cranial sartorius were more hypertrophied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the GRippets, while extensors, including the quadriceps femoris, underwent greater atrophy. Myostatin protein levels negatively correlated with relative cranial sartorius muscle cross-sectional area on MRI, supporting a role in disproportionate muscle size. Activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) expression was higher in dystrophic versus control dogs, consistent with physiologic feedback between myostatin and ActRIIB. However, there was no differential expression between GRMD and GRippet dogs. Satellite cell exhaustion was not observed in GRippets up to 3 years of age. Conclusions Partial myostatin loss may exaggerate selective muscle hypertrophy or atrophy/hypoplasia in GRMD dogs and worsen contractures. While muscle imbalance is not a feature of myostatin inhibition in mdx mice, findings in a larger animal model could translate to human experience with myostatin inhibitors.
title: The role of imaging in complications of inflammatory bowel diseases in pediatric patients
Creators: name: Vainak, Nicolae
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Fistula
subject: Abscess
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: • to enlist the most common complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) in pediatric patients • to depict their imaging aspects • to underline the role of imaging studies in the future management of the...
Integrating HIV care and treatment into tuberculosis clinics in Lusaka, Zambia: results from a before-after quasi-experimental study
Creators: name: Besa, Stable
name: Harris, Jennifer
name: Kancheya, Nzali
name: Luhanga, Dora
name: Smith, Helene J
name: Herce, Michael E
name: Samungole, Graham
name: Morse, Jill
name: Reid, Stewart E
name: Muyoyeta, Monde
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) often have their TB and HIV managed in separate vertical programs that offer care for each disease with little coordination. Such “siloed” approaches are associated with diagnostic and treatment delays, which contribute to unnecessary morbidity and mortality. To improve TB/HIV care coordination and early ART initiation, we integrated HIV care and treatment into two busy TB clinics in Zambia. We report here the effects of our intervention on outcomes of linkage to HIV care, early ART uptake, and TB treatment success for patients with HIV-associated TB in Lusaka, Zambia.
                Methods
                We provided integrated HIV treatment and care using a “one-stop shop” model intervention. All new or relapse HIV-positive TB patients were offered immediate HIV program enrolment and ART within 8 weeks of anti-TB therapy (ATT) initiation. We used a quasi-experimental design, review of routine program data, and survival analysis and logistic regression methods to estimate study outcomes before (June 1, 2010—January 31, 2011) and after (August 1, 2011—March 31, 2012) our intervention among 473 patients with HIV-associated TB categorized into pre- (n = 248) and post-intervention (n = 225) cohorts.
                Results
                Patients in the pre- and post-intervention cohorts were mostly male (60.1% and 52.9%, respectively) and young (median age: 33 years). In time-to-event analyses, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the post-intervention cohort linked to HIV care by 4 weeks post-ATT initiation (53.9% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.03), with median time to care linkage being 59 and 25 days in the pre- and post-intervention cohorts, respectively. In Cox proportional hazard modelling, patients receiving the integration intervention started ART by 8 weeks post-ATT at 1.33 times the rate (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00–1.77) as patients pre-intervention. In logistic regression modelling, patients receiving the intervention were 2.02 times (95% CI: 1.11–3.67) as likely to have a successful TB treatment outcome as patients not receiving the intervention.
                Conclusions
                Integrating HIV treatment and care services into routine TB clinics using a one-stop shop model increased linkage to HIV care, rates of early ART initiation, and TB treatment success among patients with HIV-associated TB in Lusaka, Zambia.
Linearized 3D gravity with dust
Creators: name: Husain, Viqar
name: Rahmati, Shohreh
name: Ziprick, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional gravity coupled to pressureless dust is a field theory with one local degree of freedom. In the canonical framework, the dust-time gauge encodes this physical degree of freedom as a metric function. We find that the dynamics of this field, up to spatial diffeomorphism flow, is independent of spatial derivatives and is therefore ultralocal. We also derive the linearized equations about flat spacetime, and show that the physical degree of freedom may be viewed as either a traceless or a transverse mode.
description: 7 pages, v2 has expanded section on gauge fixing
title: Indications and Contraindications, Effects and SideEffects of ultrasound-guided steroid injections
Creators: name: Dick, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Biological effects
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the indications for steroid injections of the joints and soft tissues. To be aware ofinteractions of other medications and steroids. To understand the potential adverse effects of steroid injections, and which preparations have greater...
Die Resilienz von Geflüchteten in Deutschland
Creators: name: Hajji, Rahim
name: Stolle, Paula
Publisher: name: SpringerNature, Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Resilienz
subject: Geflüchtete
subject: Deutschland
subject: 301.01

description: Die Resilienz ist die Fähigkeit, herausfordernde Situationen zu überwinden, ohne dabei gesundheitlichen Schaden zu nehmen. Geflüchtete, die ihr Herkunftsland aufgrund von Bedrohung oder Verfolgung verlassen müssen, stehen vor unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen, die sie bewältigen müssen. Die Resilienz stellt dabei einen bedeutenden protektiven Faktor dar. Doch es fehlen statistische Analysen zur Resilienz der Geflüchteten in Deutschland. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie hoch das Resilienzniveau von Geflüchteten im Vergleich zur deutschen Bevölkerung (unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer Merkmale) ausgeprägt ist und inwiefern soziale Unterstützung, Assimilation und die Wahrnehmung der Aufnahmelandbedingungen mit Resilienz assoziiert sind.
Structural and functional network characteristics and facility delivery among women in rural Ghana
Creators: name: Ennett, Susan
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Singh, Kavita
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Health facility births contribute to the prevention of maternal deaths. Although theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that social network characteristics influence facility delivery, examination of this relationship in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. We determined whether network structural and functional characteristics were associated with, or had an interactive effect on health facility delivery in rural Ghana. Methods Data on mothers (n = 783) aged 15–49 years came from a Maternal and Newborn Health Referral (MNHR) project in Ghana, and included egocentric network data on women’s social network characteristics. Using multivariate logistic regression we examined the relationship between facility delivery and women’s network structure and functions, as well as the interaction between network characteristics and facility delivery. Results Higher levels of instrumental support (e.g. help with daily chores or seeking health care [OR: 1.60, CI: 1.10–2.34]) and informational support (OR: 1.66, CI: 1.08–2.54) were significantly associated with higher odds of facility delivery. Social norms, such as knowing more women who had received pregnancy-related care in a facility, were significantly associated with higher odds of facility delivery (OR: 2.20, CI: 1.21–4.00). The number of network members that respondents lived nearby moderated the positive relationship between informational support and facility delivery. Additionally, informational support moderated the positive relationship between facility delivery and the number of women the respondents knew who had utilized a facility for pregnancy-related care. Conclusions Social support from network members was critical to facilitating health facility delivery, and support was further enhanced by women’s network structure and norms favoring facility delivery. Maternal health interventions to increase facility delivery uptake should target women’s social networks.
The Age and Structure of the Galactic Bulge from Mira Variables
Creators: name: Catchpole, Robin M.
name: Whitelock, Patricia A.
name: Feast, Michael W.
name: Hughes, Shaun M. G.
name: Irwin, Mike
name: Alard, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report periods and JHKL observations for 648 oxygen-rich Mira variables found in two outer bulge fields at b=-7 degrees and l=+/-8 degrees and combine these with data on 8057 inner bulge Miras from the OGLE, Macho and 2MASS surveys, which are concentrated closer to the Galactic centre. Distance moduli are estimated for all these stars. Evidence is given showing that the bulge structure is a function of age. The longer period Miras (log P > 2.6, age about 5 Gyr and younger) show clear evidence of a bar structure inclined to the line of sight in both the inner and outer regions. The distribution of the shorter period (metal-rich globular cluster age) Miras, appears spheroidal in the outer bulge. In the inner region these old stars are also distributed differently from the younger ones and possibly suggest a more complex structure. These data suggest a distance to the Galactic centre, R0, of 8.9 kpc with an estimated uncertainty of 0.4 kpc. The possible effect of helium enrichment on our conclusions is discussed.
description: Accepted for MNRAS, 12 pages, 12 figures
title: Breast model and curriculum for learning the stereotactic biopsy improves radiology resident confidence and efficiency.
Creators: name: Gibbons, Julie
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Cancer
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biopsy
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Mammography
subject: Management
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Speed and accuracy are essential during stereotactic breast biopsy to minimize pain and discomfort experienced by patients. However, acquisition of procedural skills requires hands-on experience, and traditional radiology residency curricula...
title: Cerebral hemorrhage in preterm newborns: characteristic, findings and evolutionary diagnosis by transfontanelar ultrasonography
Creators: name: Perez Balagueró, Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Define why transfontanelar ultrasound (US) is the imaging technique of choice for the study of cerebral hemorrhagic lesions in neonates, and the steps for its proper performance. Describe the major findings in the US study diagnosis of hemorrhagic...
In vitro parameter optimization for spatial control of focused ultrasound ablation when using low boiling point phase-change nanoemulsions
Creators: name: Phillips, Linsey C
name: Sheeran, Paul S
name: Dayton, Paul
name: Puett, Connor
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Background Phase-shift nanoemulsions (PSNEs) provide cavitation sites when the perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (ND) are vaporized to microbubbles by acoustic energy. Their presence lowers the power required to ablate tissue by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), potentially making it a safer option for a broader range of treatment sites. However, spatial control over the ablation region can be problematic when cavitation is used to enhance heating. This study explored relationships between vaporization, ablation, and the PSNE concentration in vitro to optimize the acoustic intensity and insonation time required for spatially controlled ablation enhancement using a PSNE that included a volatile PFC component. Methods HIFU (continuous wave at 1 MHz; insonation times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 s; cool-down times of 2, 4, and 6 s; peak negative pressures of 2, 3, and 4 MPa) was applied to albumin-acrylamide gels containing PFC agents (1:1 mix of volatile decafluorobutane and more stable dodecafluoropentane at 105 to 108 PFC ND per milliliter) or agent-free controls. Vaporization fields (microbubble clouds) were imaged by conventional ultrasound, and ablation lesions were measured directly by calipers. Controlled ablation was defined as the production of ‘cigar’-shaped lesions corresponding with the acoustic focal zone. This control was considered to be lost when ablation occurred in prefocal vaporization fields having a predominantly ‘tadpole’ or oblong shape. Results Changes in the vaporization field shape and location occurred on a continuum with increasing PSNE concentration and acoustic intensity. Working with the maximum concentration-intensity combinations resulting in controlled ablation demonstrated a dose-responsive relationship between insonation time and volumes of both the vaporization fields (approximately 20 to 240 mm3) and the ablation lesions (1 to 135 mm3) within them. Conclusions HIFU ablation was enhanced by this PSNE and could be achieved using intensities ≤650 W/cm2. Although the ablation lesions were located within much larger microbubble clouds, optimum insonation times and intensities could be selected to achieve an ablation lesion of desired size and location for a given PSNE concentration. This demonstration of controllable enhancement using a PSNE that contained a volatile PFC component is another step toward developing phase-shift nanotechnology as a potential clinical tool to improve HIFU.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of individual cognitive behavior therapy and group cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents--A Meta analysis
Creators: name: HU, JiaYi
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Abstract Background: Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent mental disorder in children and adolescents. Individual cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) and group cognitive behavior therapy (GCBT) are commonly used in treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. However, it remains unclear which one is more effective and acceptable for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder. Method: Eight electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and LILACS) were searched from inception to October 2019. We included randomized controlled trials comparing ICBT with GCBT for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 18 years). Primary outcomes were the efficacy (mean change in anxiety symptom scores at post-treatment) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). Secondary outcomes were remission and mean change in anxiety symptom scores at follow-up. Result: Nine studies with 871 participants were selected in the meta-analysis. The pooled analyses indicated no significant difference between ICBT and GCBT for reducing the symptoms of anxiety at posttreatment (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.26 to 0.06, p = 0.22), follow-up (SMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -1.08 to 0.19, p = 0.17) and remission (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.66, p = 0.47). No statistically significant difference for acceptability was found between the two therapy types (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.61 to 2.77, p = 0.50). ICBT was superior to control group in anxiety symptoms reduction (SMD = -0.30, p = 0.009) and remission (OR = 4.00, p = 0.0002), and GCBT was superior to control group in remission (OR = 7.17, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that ICBT was significantly more effective than GCBT in adolescents at post-treatment, but not in children. Conclusion: ICBT and GCBT are effective in treating anxiety disorder in children and adolescents with no differences in efficacy and acceptability. In adolescents, ICBT seems to be more beneficial than GCBT. Further well-designed clinical studies should be performed to confirm these findings. Key Words: Anxiety disorder, individual cognitive behavior therapy, group cognitive behavior therapy, child, adolescent, meta-analysis
Observable Properties of Quark-Hadron Phase Transition at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Hwa, Rudolph C.
name: Yang, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark-hadron phase transition is simulated by an event generator that incorporates the dynamical properties of contraction due to QCD confinement forces and randomization due to the thermal behavior of a large quark system on the edge of hadronization. Fluctuations of emitted pions in the $(η,ϕ)$ space are analyzed using normalized factorial moments in a wide range of bin sizes. The scaling index $ν$ is found to be very close to the predicted value in the Ginzburg-Landau formalism. The erraticity indices $μ_q$ are determined in a number of ways that lead to the same consistent values. They are compared to the values from the Ising model, showing significant difference in a transparent plot. Experimental determination of $ν$ and $μ_q$ at the LHC are now needed to check the reality of the theoretical study and to provide guidance for improving the model description of quark-hadron phase transition.
description: 29 preprint pages, 17 figures
Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews
Creators: name: Boothroyd, Renée I
name: Fisher, Edwin
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Objectives Examine Peer Support (PS) for complex, sustained health behaviors in prevention or disease management with emphasis on diabetes prevention and management. Data sources and eligibility PS was defined as emotional, motivational and practical assistance provided by nonprofessionals for complex health behaviors. Initial review examined 65 studies drawn from 1442 abstracts identified through PubMed, published 1/1/2000–7/15/2011. From this search, 24 reviews were also identified. Extension of the search in diabetes identified 30 studies published 1/1/2000–12/31/2015. Results In initial review, 54 of all 65 studies (83.1%) reported significant impacts of PS, 40 (61.5%) reporting between-group differences and another 14 (21.5%) reporting significant within-group changes. Across 19 of 24 reviews providing quantifiable findings, a median of 64.5% of studies reviewed reported significant effects of PS. In extended review of diabetes, 26 of all 30 studies (86.7%) reported significant impacts of PS, 17 (56.7%) reporting between-group differences and another nine (30.0%) reporting significant within-group changes. Among 19 of these 30 reporting HbA1c data, average reduction was 0.76 points. Studies that did not find effects of PS included other sources of support, implementation or methodological problems, lack of acceptance of interventions, poor fit to recipient needs, and possible harm of unmoderated PS. Conclusions Across diverse settings, including under-resourced countries and health care systems, PS is effective in improving complex health behaviors in disease prevention and management including in diabetes.
title: CT angiography of the perforating flaps. Practical guide.
Creators: name: Nuñez  Peralta, Claudia  Alejandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review and define the anatomy of perforator vessels, by using CT angiography (CTA). To describe the acquisition protocols and the methods to obtain the coordinates of perforator vessels for preoperative planning. To illustrate the different...
Singular-value decomposition using quantum annealing
Creators: name: Hashizume, Yoichiro
name: Koizumi, Takashi
name: Akitaya, Kento
name: Nakajima, Takashi
name: Okamura, Soichiro
name: Suzuki, Masuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study, we demonstrate how to perform, using quantum annealing, the singular value decomposition and the principal component analysis. Quantum annealing gives a way to find a ground state of a system, while the singular value decomposition requires the maximum eigenstate. The key idea is to transform the sign of the final Hamiltonian, and the maximum eigenstate is obtained by quantum annealing. Furthermore, the adiabatic time scale is obtained by the approximation focusing on the maximum eigenvalue.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Mathematical model of thermal shields for long-term stability optical resonators
Creators: name: Sanjuan, Josep
name: Gürlebeck, Norman
name: Braxmaier, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern experiments aiming at tests of fundamental physics, like measuring gravitational waves or testing Lorentz Invariance with unprecedented accuracy, require thermal environments that are highly stable over long times. To achieve such a stability, the experiment including typically an optical resonator is nested in a thermal enclosure, which passively attenuates external temperature fluctuations to acceptable levels. These thermal shields are usually designed using tedious numerical simulations or with simple analytical models. In this paper, we propose an accurate analytical method to estimate the performance of passive thermal shields in the frequency domain, which allows for fast evaluation and optimization. The model analysis has also unveil interesting properties of the shields, such as dips in the transfer function for some frequencies under certain combinations of materials and geometries. We validate the results by comparing them to numerical simulations performed with commercial software based on finite element methods.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Should a colon cancer screening decision aid include the option of no testing? A comparative trial of two decision aids
Creators: name: Pignone, Michael
name: Griffith, Jennifer M
name: Lewis, Carmen L.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Background An important question in the development of decision aids about colon cancer (CRC) screening is whether to include an explicit discussion of the option of not being screened. We examined the effect of including or not including an explicit discussion of the option of deciding not to be screened in a CRC screening decision aid on subjective measures of decision aid content; interest in screening; and knowledge. Methods Adults ages 50–85 were assigned to view one of two versions of the decision aid. The two versions differed only in the inclusion of video segments of two men, one of whom decided against being screened. Participants completed questionnaires before and after viewing the decision aid to compare subjective measures of content, screening interest and intent, and knowledge between groups. Likert response categories (5-point) were used for subjective measures of content (eg. clarity, balance in favor/against screening, and overall rating), and screening interest. Knowledge was measured with a three item index and individual questions. Higher scores indicated favorable responses for subjective measures, greater interest, and better knowledge. For the subjective balance, lower numbers were associated with the impression of the decision aid favoring CRC screening. Results 57 viewed the "with" version which included the two segments and 49 viewed the "without" version. After viewing, participants found the "without" version to have better subjective clarity about benefits of screening ("with" 3.4, "without" 4.1, p < 0.01), and to have greater clarity about downsides of screening ("with" 3.2, "without" 3.6, p = 0.03). The "with" version was considered to be less strongly balanced in favor of screening. ("with" 1.8, "without" 1.6, p = 0.05); but the "without" version received a better overall rating ("with" 3.5, "without" 3.8, p = 0.03). Groups did not differ in screening interest after viewing a decision aid or knowledge. Conclusion A decision aid with the explicit discussion of the option of deciding not to be screened appears to increase the impression that the program was not as strongly in favor of screening, but decreases the impression of clarity and resulted in a lower overall rating. We did not observe clinically important or statistically significant differences in interest in screening or knowledge.
title: What´s around the aorta?
Creators: name: Vázquez Sánchez, Víctor
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Arthrography
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is to show different cases of periaortic alterations, expose its differences in clinical presentations, etiologies, symptoms, and the importance of an adequate imaging diagnosis for a correct approach...
Cyphers: On the Historiography of Digital Architecture
Creators: name: Bottazzi, Roberto
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation reflects on the methods and concepts employed in constructing a history of digital architecture. By focusing on the methodological issues, it complements and expands the research developed for the monographic study Digital Architecture Beyond Computers (DABC) and the book chapter “Crypto Architecture”. In both pieces digital architecture is understood to cover a period of time that stretches well beyond the appearance of the modern digital computer (after World War Two). The notion of computing numbers and symbols to apprehend and intervene in our reality is in fact a much older idea than the invention of the modern digital computer. This dissertation reflects on the approach suggested by both writings by analysing the conceptual basis of computation in order to devise an appropriate historiographic approach to digital architecture. The aim of the investigation is to move beyond a technologically‐driven, utilitarian view of computation in favour of a more conceptual position that foregrounds computation’s fundamental logic and the role of the disciplines that informed and continue to inform it. This broader perspective aims at establishing a relation between the artifacts and the processes of digital architecture; that is, between what digital architecture is (which DABC explores through case studies in which computation and design affected one another), and how it is generated (the techniques and methods deployed to design architecture). This dissertation introduces a specific conceptual figure to articulate the historiography of digital architecture: the cypher. Cyphers address the fundamental challenges emerging from constructing a history of digital architecture, they organise the vast collections of case studies forming the history of digital architecture, foreground the conceptual motivations behind computation, and acknowledge the role that different disciplines (philosophy, logic, semiotic) have played in shaping what we call digital architecture.
title: Prenatal Anterior Abdominal Wall Defects – A Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Creators: name: Nogueira, Miguel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Obstetrics
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Foetal imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The objective of this pictorial review is to depict the spectrum of anterior abdominal-wall defects including omphalocele, gastroschisis, ectopia cordis and Pentalogy of Cantrell addressing the embryologic development and ultrasound characteristics...
Supporting teams to optimize function and independence in Veterans: a multi-study program and mixed methods protocol
Creators: name: Allen, Kelli D
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background Successful implementation of new clinical programs depends on effectively establishing, reorganizing, or enhancing team structures and processes to coordinate the work of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, manage relationships, and share responsibility for outcomes. However, a one-size-fits-all approach is rarely effective. In partnership with VA national clinical leaders and local clinical champions, the Optimizing Function and Independence VA Quality Enhancement Research Initiative program (Function QUERI) will evaluate efforts to implement team-based clinical programs for Veterans at risk for functional decline and disability. Methods Function QUERI will implement and evaluate three innovative, evidence-based clinical programs in VA medical centers: (1) a group physical therapy program for knee osteoarthritis (Group PT); (2) assisted early mobility for hospitalized older veterans (STRIDE), a supervised walking program for hospitalized older veterans; and (3) implementation of helping invested family members improve veteran experiences study (iHI-FIVES), a skills training program for caregivers of disabled Veterans. A common reason for clinical care gaps in these populations is poor communication and coordination among the many interdisciplinary providers involved in their care. To facilitate the implementation of the clinical programs, Function QUERI will evaluate the impact of complexity science-based implementation intervention to promote team readiness (CONNECT), an implementation intervention designed as a bundle of interaction-oriented activities to promote team function and readiness for change, on the implementation of clinical programs across multiple sites. The evaluation will use a mixed methods design. Group PT is a local, single-site quality improvement project where a modified CONNECT intervention will be tested to inform the remaining program implementation projects. For STRIDE and iHI-FIVES projects, we will randomize participating sites to implement the clinical program, with the CONNECT intervention or not, and will use a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design. Discussion Function QUERI will translate its findings across its projects to identify the contextual factors and components from CONNECT that improve team processes and function to optimize effective implementation for future rollout of VA clinical programs. Synthesizing findings within and across projects, we will specify dimensions of team characteristics and function that enhance capacity for clinical innovation and uptake of evidence-based programs. Trial registration NCT03300336 Registered September 28, 2017, NCT03474380 Registered March 15, 2018.
OMP2HMPP: Compiler Framework for Energy Performance Trade-off Analysis of Automatically Generated Codes
Creators: name: Saà-Garriga, Albert
name: Castells-Rufas, David
name: Carrabina, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.2; D.3.4

description: We present OMP2HMPP, a tool that, in a first step, automatically translates OpenMP code into various possible transformations of HMPP. In a second step OMP2HMPP executes all variants to obtain the performance and power consumption of each transformation. The resulting trade-off can be used to choose the more convenient version. After running the tool on a set of codes from the Polybench benchmark we show that the best automatic transformation is equivalent to a manual one done by an expert. Compared with original OpenMP code running in 2 quad-core processors we obtain an average speed-up of 31x and 5.86x factor in operations per watt.
Conical intersections for light and matter waves
Creators: name: Leykam, Daniel
name: Desyatnikov, Anton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the design, theory, and applications of two dimensional periodic lattices hosting conical intersections in their energy-momentum spectrum. The best known example is the Dirac cone, where propagation is governed by an effective Dirac equation, with electron spin replaced by a "fermionic" half-integer pseudospin. However, in many systems such as metamaterials, modal symmetries result in the formation of higher order conical intersections with integer or "bosonic" pseudospin. The ability to engineer lattices with these qualitatively different singular dispersion relations opens up many applications, including superior slab lasers, generation of orbital angular momentum, zero-index metamaterials, and quantum simulation of exotic phases of relativistic matter.
description: Short review. 9 pages, 3 figures
title: Blunt liver trauma- brief review and computed tomography role
Creators: name: Silva, Sara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Education and training
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Liver

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Discuss the importance of CT in diagnosis and management of the patients with blunt liver trauma; Review CT features of blunt liver trauma; Expose the liver injury grading system based on computed tomography (CT), documented by the American...
Structural similarity-based predictions of protein interactions between HIV-1 and Homo sapiens
Creators: name: Gomez, Shawn
name: Doolittle, Janet M
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background In the course of infection, viruses such as HIV-1 must enter a cell, travel to sites where they can hijack host machinery to transcribe their genes and translate their proteins, assemble, and then leave the cell again, all while evading the host immune system. Thus, successful infection depends on the pathogen's ability to manipulate the biological pathways and processes of the organism it infects. Interactions between HIV-encoded and human proteins provide one means by which HIV-1 can connect into cellular pathways to carry out these survival processes. Results We developed and applied a computational approach to predict interactions between HIV and human proteins based on structural similarity of 9 HIV-1 proteins to human proteins having known interactions. Using functional data from RNAi studies as a filter, we generated over 2000 interaction predictions between HIV proteins and 406 unique human proteins. Additional filtering based on Gene Ontology cellular component annotation reduced the number of predictions to 502 interactions involving 137 human proteins. We find numerous known interactions as well as novel interactions showing significant functional relevance based on supporting Gene Ontology and literature evidence. Conclusions Understanding the interplay between HIV-1 and its human host will help in understanding the viral lifecycle and the ways in which this virus is able to manipulate its host. The results shown here provide a potential set of interactions that are amenable to further experimental manipulation as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.