cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Describing and assessing the value of the existing and potential Blue Economy in the North-East Tobago Man and the Biosphere Reserve
Creators: name: Orlandi, Niccolò
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Blue Economy
subject: Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
subject: Caribbean
subject: Small-scale artisanal fisheries
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Value assessment

description: In a rural region of the smaller of the twin islands of Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean SIDS, lies the North-East Tobago Man and the Biosphere Reserve (NETMABR). The significance of its coastal and marine environment as a driver of economic development has largely been overlooked by policy makers. Since there was no formal (comprehensive) knowledge about the current state and value of the Blue Economy, nor its potential in the NETMABR, the thesis aimed to fill these knowledge gaps. Participant observations, semi-structured and key-informant interviews conducted between October 2023 and February 2024 enabled this main objective to be achieved. The status quo of the Blue Economy in the NETMABR is described, and for the first time its value is assessed in detail. This is estimated to be between 41˙685˙727 TTD / year and 48˙688˙153 TTD / year, equivalent to the range of 6˙144˙477 USD / year – 7˙176˙635 USD / year for a currency conversion dated April 2024. Contributing are tourism, artisanal fisheries, and shipbuilding and repair, which are the only presently existing Blue Economy activities. Moreover, the study finds that the Blue Economy holds vast potential in north-east Tobago, both in terms of improving the established sectors and developing new ones. A number of promising opportunities are proposed and discussed, while respecting local communities, and appropriate to the Biosphere Reserve. Crucial management measures for artisanal fisheries and tourism are recommended, along with practices to increase compliance. Some of the proposed changes could be introduced within the context of the North-East Tobago Marine Protected Area, planned to be part of the NETMABR in the future. This dissertation provides stakeholders and policy makers with a valuable baseline to understand the current local state of the Blue Economy and to plan areas for intervention and development.
Contact Instability in Adhesion and Debonding of Thin Elastic Films
Creators: name: Gonuguntla, Manoj
name: Sharma, Ashutosh
name: Sarkar, Jayati
name: Subramanian, Subash A.
name: Ghosh, Moniraj
name: Shenoy, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on experiments and 3-D simulations, we show that a soft elastic film during adhesion and debonding from a rigid flat surface undergoes morphological transitions to pillars, labyrinths and cavities, all of which have the same lateral pattern length scale, close to λ/H ~ 3 for thick films, H > 1 micrometer. The linear stability analysis and experiments show a new thin film regime where λ/H \approx 3+ 2 (γ/3 μH)^(1/4) (γis surface tension, μis shear modulus) because of significant surface energy penalty (for example, λ/H = 6 for H = 200 nm; μ= 1MPa).
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
DeepGamble: Towards unlocking real-time player intelligence using multi-layer instance segmentation and attribute detection
Creators: name: Syed, Danish
name: Gandhi, Naman
name: Arora, Arushi
name: Kadam, Nilesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Annually the gaming industry spends approximately $15 billion in marketing reinvestment. However, this amount is spent without any consideration for the skill and luck of the player. For a casino, an unskilled player could fetch ~4 times more revenue than a skilled player. This paper describes a video recognition system that is based on an extension of the Mask R-CNN model. Our system digitizes the game of blackjack by detecting cards and player bets in real-time and processes decisions they took in order to create accurate player personas. Our proposed supervised learning approach consists of a specialized three-stage pipeline that takes images from two viewpoints of the casino table and does instance segmentation to generate masks on proposed regions of interest. These predicted masks along with derivative features are used to classify image attributes that are passed onto the next stage to assimilate the gameplay understanding. Our end-to-end model yields an accuracy of ~95% for the main bet detection and ~97% for card detection in a controlled environment trained using transfer learning approach with 900 training examples. Our approach is generalizable and scalable and shows promising results in varied gaming scenarios and test data. Such granular level gathered data, helped in understanding player's deviation from optimum strategy and thereby separate the skill of the player from the luck of the game. Our system also assesses the likelihood of card counting by correlating the player's betting pattern to the deck's scaled count. Such a system lets casinos flag fraudulent activity and calculate expected personalized profitability for each player and tailor their marketing reinvestment decisions.
description: 2020 19th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)
From Sensors to Structures: Unsupervised Language Learning
Creators: name: Armstrong, Thomas Sylvester
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer Science (0984)

description: Children are facile at acquiring the structure and meaning of their native tongues. The ease with which they become language experts belies the complexity of the underlying task -- learning from a raging sea of information. Computational approaches to learning aspects of language typically reduce the problem to learning syntax alone, learning a lexicon alone, or learning semantics alone. These simplifications have led to disconnected solutions and some unreasonable assumptions about inputs to their algorithms.This dissertation addresses the language learning problem for an embodied robot embedded in a rich environment. We present a pair of theoretical contributions and realize them through a suite of algorithmic contributions. Our first theory posits that language learning systems that rely exclusively on syntax can exploit semantics to improve their success. Similarly, systems that learn semantics can exploit syntax to improve their success. We demonstrate this approach through a life-long learning system, and prove a series of theoretical results identifying a class of learnable context-free languages.When learning syntax, most algorithms expect complete knowledge about the language's alphabet (or lexicon). When learning a lexicon, most algorithms never consider the usage of the lexical items when acquiring the lexicon. We relax this assumption and utilize this new information, respectively, in our second theoretical contribution: bootstrapping learning tasks. We introduce a bootstrapped approach to learning a lexicon and a grammar for a class of regular languages. Using phonetic transcriptions of natural language, we report on experimental results for this bootstrap. We also extend our approach to learning both syntax and semantics through bootstrapping the two, using limited knowledge about semantics to infer additional knowledge about syntax, and limited knowledge about syntax to infer additional knowledge about semantics. Finally, the ultimate goal of this research is to ground all learning in real-valued sensor data. We present a set of algorithms that point toward new approaches to incorporating real-valued data into our bootstrap learning systems.
Identity at the Intersection of Gender and Religion among Mexican-American Women in Chicago
Creators: name: Sufian, Sandra
name: Sandahl, Carrie
name: Vazquez-Melendez, Elsa
name: Michel, Joanna
name: Case, Gretchen
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200208 Migrant Cultural Studies
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 220405 Religion and Society
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 190404 Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: Gender studies
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This Health Humanities Portrait--Identity at the Intersection of Gender and Religion among Mexican-American Women in Chicago-- explores how individuals are expected to navigate a variety of social roles—such as their gender, age, and vocation--in their everyday lives. This Health Humanities portrait uses a “dramaturgical analysis,” derived from performance studies, to explore how social roles influence our understandings and experiences of health, well-being, and illness.
Understanding pathogenic and physiological T follicular helper cell formation
Creators: name: Lee, Candice Sau Kuen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: T cells Physiology
subject: B cells
subject: Germinal centers
subject: Autoimmunity

description: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells localize to follicles where they provide growth and selection signals to mutated germinal center (GC) B cells, thus promoting their differentiation into high affinity long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. T-dependent B cell differentiation also occurs extrafollicularly, giving rise to unmutated plasma cells that are important for early protection against microbial infections. Bcl-6 expression in T cells has been shown to be essential for the formation of Tfh cells and GC B cells, but little is known about its requirement in physiological extrafollicular antibody responses. We use several mouse models in which extrafollicular plasma cells can be unequivocally distinguished from those of GC origin, combined with antigen-specific T and B cells, to show that the absence of T cell-expressed Bcl-6 significantly reduces T-dependent extrafollicular antibody responses. Bcl-6+ T cells appear at the T-B border soon after T cell priming and before GC formation, and these cells express low amounts of PD-1. Their appearance precedes that of Bcl-6+PD-1hi T cells, which are found within GC. IL-21 acts early to promote both follicular and extrafollicular antibody responses. In conclusion, Bcl6+ T cells are necessary at B cell priming in order to form extrafollicular antibody responses, and these pre-GC Tfh cells can be distinguished phenotypically from GC Tfh cells. Overactivity of the GC pathway due to accumulation of Tfh cells causes autoimmunity, underscoring the need to understand the factors that control Tfh homeostasis. Here, we have identified posttranscriptional repression of interferon-gamma (Ifng) mRNA as a novel mechanism to limit Tfh cell formation. Using the sanroque lupus model, we have shown that decreased Ifng mRNA decay caused excessive interferon-gamma signaling in T cells and led to accumulation of Tfh cells, spontaneous GC, autoantibody formation and nephritis. Unlike ICOS and T-bet deficiency that failed to rescue several autoimmune manifestations, interferon-gamma receptor deficiency completely prevented lupus development. Interferon-gamma blockade after disease onset reduced Tfh cells and autoantibodies, demonstrating that interferon-gamma overproduction was required to sustain lupus-associated pathology. Increased interferon-gamma signaling caused Bcl-6 overexpression in Tfh cells and their precursors. This novel link between interferon-gamma and aberrant Tfh formation provides a rationale for interferon-gamma blockade in lupus patients with an overactive Tfh cell-associated pathway.
Controlling Strong Electromagnetic Fields at a Sub-Wavelength Scale
Creators: name: Perchec, J. Le
name: Quemerais, P.
name: Barbara, A.
name: Lopez-Rios, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the optical response of two sub-wavelength grooves on a metallic screen, separated by a sub-wavelength distance. We show that the Fabry-Perot-like mode, already observed in one-dimensional periodic gratings and known for a single slit, splits into two resonances in our system : a symmetrical mode with a small Q-factor, and an antisymmetric one which leads to a much stronger light enhancement. This behavior results from the near-field coupling of the grooves. Moreover, the use of a second incident wave allows to control the localization of the photons in the groove of our choice, depending on the phase difference between the two incident waves. The system exactly acts as a sub-wavelength optical switch operated from far-field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL
Exploiting Architectural Techniques for Boosting Base Station Anonymity in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Ren, Zhong
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Anonymity
Dynamic Association
Network Architecture
Network Clustering
Traffic Analysis
Wireless Sensor Networks

description: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be deployed to serve mission-critical applications in hostile environments such as battlefield and territorial borders. In these setups, the WSN may be subject to attacks in order to disrupt the network operation. The most effective way for an adversary to do so is by targeting the Base-Station (BS), where the sensor data are collected in the field. By identifying and locating the BS, the adversary can launch attacks to damage or disrupt the operation of the BS. Therefore, maintaining the BS anonymity is of utmost importance in WSNs. In this thesis we propose three novel approaches to boost the anonymity of the BS nodes to protect them from potential threats. We first explore the deployment of more BS nodes. We compare the BS anonymity of one versus multiple stationary BS under different network topologies. Our results show that having more base-stations can boost both the average and max anonymity of BS nodes. We further provide guidelines on a cost versus anonymity trade-off to determine the most suitable BS count for a network. Second we exploit the mobility of base-stations and explore the effect of relocating some of the existing BS nodes to the lowest anonymity regions. Our results show that having one mobile BS can dramatically boost the anonymity of the network and moving multiple BS does not provide much value. Finally, we propose to pursue dynamic sensor to cluster re-association to confuse the adversary. This can be employed when base-stations cannot safely move.
A cross-sectional study of the relative availability and prominence of shelf space allocated to healthy and unhealthy foods in supermarkets in urban Ireland, by area-level deprivation
Creators: name: O'Mahony, S
name: Collins, N.
name: Doyle, G.
name: McCann, A.
name: Burke, Kevin
name: Moore, A.
name: Gibney, E.R.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences

description: Background Diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of ill-health and death across Europe. In Ireland, dietary intakes of saturated fat, free sugar and salt exceed World Health Organization recommendations, and excess consumption follows a social gradient increasing population risk of diet-related NCDs. The retail food environment can influence consumer food choice and subsequent dietary intakes. In high income countries, supermarkets are an increasingly influential actor in consumer food availability, choice, purchase, and subsequent food intake. This study aims to assess the relative availability and prominence of healthy and unhealthy foods in Irish supermarkets, by area-level deprivation. Methods This study used a cross-sectional study design, and applied a validated measure, as described in the INFORMAS Protocol: Food Retail – Food availability in supermarkets. Between October 2021 and February 2022, shelf space (m2 ) (height or depth (cm) × length (cm)) and prominence (visibility), of foods, classified as healthy and unhealthy and represented by a proxy indicator, were collected in supermarkets (n =36) in County Dublin, Ireland. Overall the proportion of mean relative shelf space (m2 ), allocated to healthy and unhealthy foods, and its prominence, by area-level deprivation, and retailer, were determined. We used t-tests and one-way ANOVA to analyse possible differences between the proportion of relative shelf space available to healthy and unhealthy foods, and its prominence, by area-level deprivation and retailer. Results The study found the proportion of shelf space measured allocated to unhealthy food was 68.0% (SD 10.6). Unhealthy foods were more likely to be in areas of high prominence. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the proportion of relative shelf space available to unhealthy foods in areas of high and low deprivation. A statistically significant difference in the proportion of relative shelf space allocated to healthy and unhealthy food by area level deprivation was found in one retailer.Conclusion Unhealthy foods had a higher proportion of shelf space and were more prominent than healthy foods in supermarkets in County Dublin, Ireland. The current availability and prominence of foods in supermarkets does not align with Food Based Dietary Guideline recommendations and does not support consumers to make healthier food choices. There is a need for supermarkets in Ireland to improve the availability and prominence of healthy foods to support consumers to make healthier food choices.
Finding a Temporal Comparison Function for the Metacognitive Loop
Creators: name: Wright, Dean Earl
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: MCL
Metacognition
Repair

description: The field of Artificial Intelligence has seen steady advances in cognitive systems. However, many of these systems perform poorly when faced with situations outside of their training.  Since the real world is dynamic, this brittleness is a major problem in the field today.  Adding metacognition to such systems can improve their operation in the face of perturbations found in dynamic environments.  I developed a six-level taxonomy that divided metacognitive systems according to their capabilities.  This ranged from Level 0: Bereft that offered no metacognitive assistance, to Level 5: Anticipating that would make suggestions before the agent needed assistance.  Using this taxonomy, I deconstructed an existing metacognitive system (MCL) so that it could operate at any of the four lower levels of the taxonomy. I added, to the Level 3: Temporal version of MCL, a number of comparison functions designed to determine if the problem the agent is currently facing is similar to any previous problem.  I created functions to both establish baseline operation performance and to try to optimize the agent's performance in a perturbed environment. I extended an existing Mars Rover domain simulation to add more problem and recovery options.  In this environment, I tested the temporal comparison functions to determine how well they were able to distinguish on type of perturbation from another and how much they helped (or hindered) the agents subjected to those perturbations.  Several comparison functions were able to aid the Rover in completing its tasks, although none were perfect.
Feature-Based Local Policy Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Feltenberger, David P.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: 2d images
artificial intelligence
growing neural gas
local policy
neural network
reinforcement learning

description: The problem of learning to control an agent in an arbitrary environment is difficult. In robotics, the standard approach is to hand-code and manually fine-tune a robot's perception of its environment and the actions it should take given its current state. This is both time-consuming and expensive. A better approach is to learn features and action policies without significant manual intervention. This problem is investigated in the context of learning image features to control a fovea position on an image. Using a self- organizing feature map, features are extracted from images. Controllers are then placed at each node and use reinforcement learning to learn how to move a fovea between areas in an image that closely match features in the feature map. Contributions of this work include determining the impact of network parameters (number of nodes, patch size) and sampling methods (random, random walk, structured walk) on learned features, and an understanding of how to perform local control (as opposed to using a monolithic policy as in most RL approaches) based on learned features.
Constructive updating/downdating of oblique projectors: a generalization of the Gram-Schmidt process
Creators: name: Rebollo-Neira, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A generalization of the Gram-Schmidt procedure is achieved by providing equations for updating and downdating oblique projectors. The work is motivated by the problem of adaptive signal representation outside the orthogonal basis setting. The proposed techniques are shown to be relevant to the problem of discriminating signals produced by different phenomena when the order of the signal model needs to be adjusted.
description: As it will appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (2007)
Towards Refinable Choreographies
Creators: name: de'Liguoro, Ugo
name: Melgratti, Hernán
name: Tuosto, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.3; D.2.4; D.3.1; F.3.1

description: We investigate refinement in the context of choreographies. We introduce refinable global choreographies allowing for the underspecification of protocols, whose interactions can be refined into actual protocols. Arbitrary refinements may spoil well-formedness, that is the sufficient conditions that guarantee a protocol to be implementable. We introduce a typing discipline that enforces well-formedness of typed choreographies. Then we unveil the relation among refinable choregraphies and their admissible refinements in terms of an axiom scheme.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2020, arXiv:2009.07628
On the Equation of Motion for a Fast Moving Small Object in the Strong Field Point Particle Limit
Creators: name: Fukumoto, Takashi
name: Futamase, Toshifumi
name: Itoh, Yousuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a straightforward and divergence free derivation of the equation of motion for a small but finite object in an arbitrary background using strong field point particle limit. The resulting equation becomes a generalized geodesic for a non-rotating spherical object which is consisitent with previous studies.
description: accepted by Progress of Theoretical Physics
Listening to life stories teenage immigrant refugee girls tell
Creators: name: Klassen, Irma Marion
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Current historiography has begun to search the records for the voices of women as they themselves perceived life to be in their place and time. As a consequence the lives of the women which are being written have provided a vibrant texture to the fabric of History. This thesis adds the voices of seven teenage immigrant/refugee girls to the material. Using life history methodology it considers how personal experiences of traumatic sociohistorical events shape the life stories teenage immigrant/refugee girls tell. Drawn from a culturally diverse urban high school population, these young women trace their journey of displacement from the historical events that changed the direction of their lives, to the present. The research shows how life history methodology allows the story to be told from the speaker's point of view, and how in this instance it breaks down the otherness of "refugees" as a category. With startling frankness these stories capture the disjuncture of the girls' lives and teach us about the resilience of the human spirit. They teach us also of the acclamation that is possible when we listen to the voices of those outside of the standard text.
Compact codebook creation and local feature coding in bag-of-features model for image classification
Creators: name: Liu, Lingqiao
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Image analysis
subject: Computer vision
subject: Image processing
subject: Pattern perception

description: Bag-of-features model is an effective framework for generating image representation and has been established as the state-of-the-art for image categorization. In general, it consists of four key modules: local feature extraction, codebook generation, feature coding and feature pooling. In practice, the realization of these four modules is very flexible. While leaving a large room for performance improvement, this flexibility also raises many open issues in the research of bag-of-features model. This thesis focuses on three specific issues. They are 1) How to create a low-dimensional image representation with a few number of visual words? 2) How to manipulate codebook generation and feature coding to create image representations which lead to better classification performance? 3) What is the underlying classification rule of a bag-of-features model based classification system? To answer the first question, a technique called compact codebook creation is explored. The study of this part leads to two pieces of works: a unified probabilistic framework for supervised compact codebook creation and a scalable unsupervised compact codebook creation for the large scale setting. These works not only lead to further improvement over the existing methods but also largely extend the applicability of the compact codebook creation approach. To answer the second question, this thesis employs both theoretical analysis and case studies. More specifically, two general properties of a good encoding system are proposed and three encoding approaches which satisfy these properties are developed. These approaches include: a localized soft-assignment coding method, a multi-projection-multi-codebook scheme for HEp-2 cell image classification and two encoding methods for second-level local features. These studies provide general guidances and practical approaches for designing good encoding systems. At last, to answer the third question, a classification rule visualization tool for the state-of-the-art bag-of-features model is proposed. This tool provides an intuitive way to understand how classification decision is made and gains some insights into the existing bag-of-feature model.
A Multi-wavelength Study of the Massive Star-forming Region S87
Creators: name: Xue, Rui
name: Wu, Yuefang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a multi-wavelength study towards S87, based on a dataset of submillimeter/far-/mid-infrared (sub-mm/FIR/MIR) images and molecular line maps. The sub-mm continuum emission measured with JCMT/SCUBA reveals three individual clumps, namely, SMM1, SMM2, and SMM3. The MIR/FIR images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope indicate that both SMM1 and SMM3 harbor point sources. The J=1-0 transitions of CO, 13CO, C18O, and HCO+, measured with the 13.7m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory, exhibit asymmetric line profiles. Our analysis of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) shows that all of the three sub-mm clumps are massive (110--210 $M_{\odot}$), with average dust temperatures in the range ~20--40K. A multi-wavelength comparison convinces us that the asymmetric profiles of molecular lines should result from two clouds at slightly different velocities, and it further confirms that the star-forming activity in SMM1 is stimulated by a cloud-cloud collision. The stellar contents and SEDs suggest that SMM1 and SMM3 are high-mass and intermediate-mass star-forming sites respectively. However, SMM2 has no counterpart downwards 70 micron, which is likely to be a cold high-mass starless core. These results, as mentioned above, expose multiple phases of star formation in S87.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Letter from The Mason & Risch Company to [Frank] Hewer, September 17, 1909
Creators: name: Mason, The
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Frank A. Hewer from The Mason and Risch Piano Company in Vancouver, B.C., dated September 17,1909; written on The Mason and Risch Piano Co. Limited letterhead. The letter notifies Hewer that they have sent and included the Bill of Landing for a box of music shipped to him on the 16th. Included on blue paper, is the Bill of Landing, signed by an agent of the C.P.R. (Clements).
X. SULTONNING "TARJIMAYI HOL" ASARI XUSUSIDA
Creators: name: Abdullayeva, Gulmira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada Xayriddin Sultonning “Tarjimayi hol” asari orqali ayol matonati va shaxsiy identitet mavzulari tahlil qilinadi. Asardagi qahramonlar orqali urush va ijtimoiy adolatsizliklar muammolari ko'tariladi, bu esa o'quvchilarga ayollarning sabr, matonat va jasoratini namoyish etadi.
Homotopy in statistical physics
Creators: name: Kenna, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In condensed matter physics and related areas, topological defects play important roles in phase transitions and critical phenomena. Homotopy theory facilitates the classification of such topological defects. After a pedagogic introduction to the mathematical methods involved in topology and homotopy theory, the role of the latter in a number of mainly low-dimensional statistical-mechanical systems is outlined. Some recent activities in this area are reviewed and some possible future directions are discussed.
description: Significant extensions and updates: 29 pages, 11 figures. Lecture given at the Mochima Spring School, Mochima, Venezuela, June 2006. To appear in Cond. Matt. Phys
QReLU and m-QReLU: Two novel quantum activation functions to aid medical diagnostics
Creators: name: Parisi, L.
name: Neagu, D.
name: Ma, R.
name: Campean, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.1; I.2.10; I.4.9; I.5.1; I.5.4; I.5.5
subject: 68T07, 68T10, 68T45, 68U35

description: The ReLU activation function (AF) has been extensively applied in deep neural networks, in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), for image classification despite its unresolved dying ReLU problem, which poses challenges to reliable applications. This issue has obvious important implications for critical applications, such as those in healthcare. Recent approaches are just proposing variations of the activation function within the same unresolved dying ReLU challenge. This contribution reports a different research direction by investigating the development of an innovative quantum approach to the ReLU AF that avoids the dying ReLU problem by disruptive design. The Leaky ReLU was leveraged as a baseline on which the two quantum principles of entanglement and superposition were applied to derive the proposed Quantum ReLU (QReLU) and the modified-QReLU (m-QReLU) activation functions. Both QReLU and m-QReLU are implemented and made freely available in TensorFlow and Keras. This original approach is effective and validated extensively in case studies that facilitate the detection of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease (PD) from medical images. The two novel AFs were evaluated in a two-layered CNN against nine ReLU-based AFs on seven benchmark datasets, including images of spiral drawings taken via graphic tablets from patients with Parkinson Disease and healthy subjects, and point-of-care ultrasound images on the lungs of patients with COVID-19, those with pneumonia and healthy controls. Despite a higher computational cost, results indicated an overall higher classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score brought about by either quantum AFs on five of the seven bench-mark datasets, thus demonstrating its potential to be the new benchmark or gold standard AF in CNNs and aid image classification tasks involved in critical applications, such as medical diagnoses of COVID-19 and PD.
description: 30 pages, 4 listings/Python code snippets, 2 figures, 8 tables
Thermoelectric transport perpendicular to thin film heterostructures using Monte Carlo technique
Creators: name: Zebarjadi, Mona
name: Shakouri, Ali
name: Esfarjani, Keivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Monte Carlo technique is used to calculate electrical as well as thermoelectric transport properties across thin film heterostructures. We study a thin InGaAsP barrier layer sandwiched between two InGaAs contact layers, when the barrier thickness is in 50nm-2000nm range. We found that with decreasing size, the effective Seebeck coefficient is increased substantially. The transition between pure ballistic thermionic transport and fully diffusive thermoelectric transport is also described.
Ionic Charge Distributions in Silicon Atomic Wires
Creators: name: Croshaw, Jeremiah
name: Huff, Taleana
name: Rashidi, Mohamad
name: Wood, John
name: Lloyd, Erika
name: Pitters, Jason
name: Wolkow, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a non-contact atomic force microscope (nc-AFM), we examine continuous DB wire structures on the hydrogen-terminated silicon (100) 2x1 surface. By probing the DB structures at varying energies, we identify the formation of previously unobserved ionic charge distributions correlated to the net charge of DB wires and their predicted lattice distortion. Performing spectroscopic analysis, we identify higher energy configurations corresponding to alternative lattice distortions as well as tip-induced charging effects. By varying the length and orientation of these DB structures, we further highlight key features in the formation of these ionic surface phases.
Differentiability properties of the flow of 2d autonomous vector fields
Creators: name: Marconi, Elio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C11 (primary), 35L45, 37C10

description: We investigate under which assumptions the flow associated to autonomous planar vector fields inherits the Sobolev or BV regularity of the vector field. We consider nearly incompressible and divergence-free vector fields, taking advantage in both cases of the underlying Hamiltonian structure. Finally we provide an example of an autonomous planar Sobolev divergence-free vector field, such that the corresponding regular Lagrangian flow has no bounded variation.
A study of the attitudes and positions of the Saudi ulama towards Shi'ism
Creators: name: Ismail, Raihan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ulama Religious life Saudi Arabia
subject: Ulama Political activity Saudi Arabia
subject: Shiites Saudi Arabia

description: The Saudi ulama are known for their strong opposition to Shia theology, Shia communities in Saudi Arabia and external Shia influences such as Iran and Hezbollah. This strong hostility, combined with the influence of the ulama within the Saudi state and the Muslim world, has led some commentators to blame the Saudi ulama for what they see as growing sectarian conflict in the Middle East. However, there is very little understanding of what lies behind the positions of the ulama and there is a significant gap in the literature dealing with the polemics directed at the Shia by the Saudi religious establishment. Accordingly, this research looks behind the discourse of the Saudi ulama in respect of Shiism and various Shia communities, both inside and outside of Saudi Arabia. The study seeks to explain the attitudes of the ulama by analysing their sermons, lectures, publications and religious rulings. It finds that the ulama are not only governed by their theological convictions against the Shia, but are also motivated by the political circumstances involving Shia communities within the Saudi state and abroad. It also discovers that political events affect the intensity and frequency of the rhetoric of the ulama.
Effects of $CP$-violating internucleon interactions in paramagnetic molecules
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Samsonov, I. B.
name: Tan, H. B. Tran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that electron electric dipole moment experiments with molecules in paramagnetic state are sensitive to $P,T$-violating nuclear forces and other $CP$-violating parameters in the hadronic sector. These experiments, in particular, measure the coupling constant $C_{SP}$ of the $CP$-odd contact semileptonic interaction. We establish relations between $C_{SP}$ and different $CP$-violating hadronic parameters including strength constants of the $CP$-odd nuclear potentials, $CP$-odd pion-nucleon interactions, quark-chromo EDM and QCD vacuum angle. These relations allow us to find limits on various $CP$-odd hadronic parameters.
description: 13 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.10359
Classical and quantum gravity of brane black holes
Creators: name: Gregory, Ruth
name: Ross, Simon F.
name: Zegers, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the holographic conjecture for brane black holes: that a full classical 5D solution will correspond to a quantum corrected 4D black hole. We show that a Schwarzschild-AdS black string in the bulk can be consistently interpreted as a quantum-corrected black hole on the brane, but the form of the quantum corrections is unlike what we would expect. The stress tensor extracted from the bulk solution does not have a thermal component corresponding to Hawking radiation outside the black hole. We compare this strong coupling prediction to a weak coupling calculation to study the differences in detail. We comment on implications for asymptotically flat black holes and for black holes localised in the extra dimension.
description: 5 pages
Spatiotemporal model of cellular mechanotransduction via Rho and YAP
Creators: name: Novev, Javor K.
name: Heltberg, Mathias L.
name: Jensen, Mogens H.
name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: How cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli remains an open question. Recent advances have identified the translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) between nucleus and cytoplasm as a central mechanism for sensing mechanical forces and regulating mechanotransduction. We formulate a spatiotemporal model of the mechanotransduction signalling pathway that includes coupling of YAP with the cell force-generation machinery through the Rho family of GTPases. Considering the active and inactive forms of a single Rho protein (GTP/GDP-bound) and of YAP (non-phosphorylated/phosphorylated), we study the cross-talk between cell polarization due to active Rho and YAP activation through its nuclear localization. For fixed mechanical stimuli, our model predicts stationary nuclear-to-cytoplasmic YAP ratios consistent with experimental data at varying adhesive cell area. We further predict damped and even sustained oscillations in the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio by accounting for recently reported positive and negative YAP-Rho feedback. Extending the framework to time-varying mechanical stimuli that simulate cyclic stretching and compression, we show that the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio's time dependence follows that of the cyclic mechanical stimulus. The model presents one of the first frameworks for understanding spatiotemporal YAP mechanotransduction, providing several predictions of possible YAP localization dynamics, and suggesting new directions for experimental and theoretical studies.
Roles of Dock8 and hnRNPLL in CD8 T cell survival
Creators: name: Chan, Stephanie Soek-Yeng
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: T cells
subject: Cellular immunity
subject: Immunologic memory
subject: Cytokinesis

description: CD8 T cells are key players of cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and must be maintained by homeostatic equilibrium so as to protect the body against recurrent viral infections or tumours. Immunological memory is the crux of an adaptive immune response. A genome-wide immunization screen designed to identify genes involved in long-lived immunity identified two novel genes, Dock8 and Hnrpll, important for long-term memory. This thesis studied the role of DOCK8 and hnRNPLL in CD8 T cells. I have demonstrated that Dock8 is required for persistence of naive OT-I CD8 T cells in lymphoreplete hosts. Dock8 is also required for optimal activation of CD8 T cells (including CD25 expression and entry into first cell division) and polarization of LFA-1 at the immunological synapse. Dock8 is important for persistence of long-term memory CD8 T cells in a Bcl-2 independent manner. On the other hand, Hnrpll is required for persistence of CD8 T cells in a lymphopaenic environment. Hnrpll is required for optimal Stat5 phosphorylation, S6 phosphorylation and regulation of CD25 expression. Hnrpll is important for persistence of long-term memory CD8 T cells that is partially independent of Bim/Bcl-2. Taken together, understanding the role of these genes in CD8 T cell immunity will be important in the understanding of many immune disorders and diseases and may help in the generation of new therapeutics that enhance general well being and longevity of individuals.
Media relations as education : a study of Vancouver Aquarium news releases and their use by the print media
Creators: name: Nichini, Marisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In 1993, the Vancouver Aquarium developed new strategic objectives that implemented the institution's commitment to conservation education. Media relations were identified as an area which the institution could utilize in order to provide educational information to the general public and, thereby, effect its conservation education mandate. This thesis addresses two questions (a) How does the Vancouver Aquarium use its media relations opportunities to promote educational information? and (b) Do the print media use the educational information conveyed in Vancouver Aquarium news releases? Vancouver Aquarium news releases were selected as an appropriate media relations opportunity for transmitting educational information to the media. The print media, specifically newspaper articles, were chosen as the type of news item to be examined. Thirty news releases were selected and matched with 81 corresponding newspaper articles. Factors examined included: content of news releases and newspaper articles, type of information (event, animal and conservation messages), readability of news releases and the source of the newspaper articles. The results of the content analysis revealed that all 30 news releases contained Event and Animal Messages, but only 47% of the news releases contained Conservation Messages. Percent concurrence was calculated in order to compare content of the news releases with the content of the newspaper articles. This analysis indicated that news releases are an effective method of transmitting Event Messages, and somewhat effective at transmitting educational information (Animal and Conservation Messages). A model of the Vancouver Aquarium communication process was developed.
Generative Model To Construct Blog and Post Networks In Blogosphere
Creators: name: Karandikar, Amit V.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer Science (0984)
blogs
generative models
power law
scale-free networks

description: Web graphs have been very useful in the structural and statistical analysis of the web. Various models have been proposed to simulate web graphs that generate degree distributions similar to the web. Real world blog networks resemble many properties of web graphs. But the dynamic nature of the blogosphere and the link structure evolving due to blog readership and social interactions is not well expressed by the existing models. In this research we propose a model for a blogger to construct blog graphs. We combine the existing preferential attachment and random attachment model to generate blog graphs which are type of scale-free networks. The blogger is modeled using read, write, idle states and finite read memory. The combination of these techniques helps in evolution of time stamped blog-blog and post-post network through citations within the blog-blog network. Other parameters like the growth function and the randomness in reading and writing posts help in the formation of graphs with different structural properties. We empirically show that these simulated blog graph exhibits properties similar to the real world blog networks in their degree distributions, degree correlations and clustering coefficient. We believe that this model will help researchers to evaluate and analyze the properties of the blogosphere and facilitate the testing of new algorithms.