cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analyzing power in elastic scattering of 6He from polarized proton target at 71 MeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, S.
name: Iseri, Y.
name: Uesaka, T.
name: Tanifuji, M.
name: Amos, K.
name: Aoi, N.
name: Hashimoto, Y.
name: Hiyama, E.
name: Ichikawa, M.
name: Ichikawa, Y.
name: Ishikawa, S.
name: Itoh, K.
name: Itoh, M.
name: Iwasaki, H.
name: Karataglidis, S.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Kawahara, T.
name: Kuboki, H.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Matsuo, R.
name: Nakao, T.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Sasamoto, Y.
name: Sasano, M.
name: Satou, Y.
name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Shinohara, M.
name: Suda, K.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Takahashi, Y.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Wakui, T.
name: Yako, K.
name: Yamaguchi, M.
name: Yamamoto, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vector analyzing power has been measured for the elastic scattering of neutron-rich 6He from polarized protons at 71 MeV/nucleon making use of a newly constructed solid polarized proton target operated in a low magnetic field and at high temperature. Two approaches based on local one-body potentials were applied to investigate the spin-orbit interaction between a proton and a 6He nucleus. An optical model analysis revealed that the spin-orbit potential for 6He is characterized by a shallow and long-ranged shape compared with the global systematics of stable nuclei. A semimicroscopic analysis with a alpha+n+n cluster folding model suggests that the interaction between a proton and the alpha core is essentially important in describing the p+6He elastic scattering. The data are also compared with fully microscopic analyses using non-local optical potentials based on nucleon-nucleon g-matrices.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures, accepted by Physical Review C
Exact Casimir-Polder potential between a particle and an ideal metal cylindrical shell and the proximity force approximation
Creators: name: Bezerra, V. B.
name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
name: Saharian, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the exact Casimir-Polder potential for a polarizable microparticle inside an ideal metal cylindrical shell using the Green function method. The exact Casimir-Polder potential for a particle outside a shell, obtained recently by using the Hamiltonian approach, is rederived and confirmed. The exact quantum field theoretical result is compared with that obtained using the proximity force approximation and a very good agreement is demonstrated at separations below 0.1$R$, where $R$ is the radius of the cylinder. The developed methods are applicable in the theory of topological defects.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
Theory of spin transport induced by the temperature gradient
Creators: name: Takezoe, Yuu
name: Hosono, Kazuhiro
name: Takeuchi, Akihito
name: Tatara, Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin transport driven by the temperature gradient in ferromagnetic metals is studied based on a microscopic theory. It is shown that the temperature gradient works as an effective field equivalent to the electric field as for both the spin current generation and the spin relaxation torque. The thermally driven contribution of the spin current and the relaxation torque are thus proportional to $\nabla T$ and $\nabla^2 T$, respectively.
MPEC 2023-H210 : 2023 HY5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 HY5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
MENDONÇA, Manuela - D. Jorge da Costa, «Cardeal de Alpedrinha ». Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 1991. 115 p.
Creators: name: Marques, J.
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
Variance-Aware Optimal Power Flow: addressing the trade-off between cost, security and variability
Creators: name: Bienstock, Daniel
name: Shukla, Apurv
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Power resources
Power resources--Management
Operations research
Applied mathematics

description: Recent work has studied modifications to DC-OPF computations so as to better account for risk arising as a result of stochastic variation in the output of renewable sources.  Typically such modifications rely on mathematical constructs such as chance-constraints that can still yield convex formulations. However, numerical simulations show that the computed policies can translate into power flow patterns with high variance.  We introduce a number of convex variants of OPF that trade-off variance and cost minimization, describe practical algorithms for the solution of such problems, and present numerical experiments.
Mapping structural rearrangements in single cells by template strand sequencing to explore inversions in the human genome
Creators: name: Sanders, Ashley Diane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Studies of genome heterogeneity and plasticity aim to resolve how genomic features underlie phenotypes and disease susceptibilities. Identifying genomic features that differ between individuals and cells can help uncover the functional variants that drive specific biological outcomes. For this, single cell studies are paramount, as characterizing the contribution of rare but functional cellular subpopulations is important for disease prognosis, management and progression. Until now, these studies have been challenged by our inability to map structural variants accurately and comprehensively. To overcome this, I employed the template strand sequencing method, Strand-seq, to preserve the organization and structure of individual homologues and visualize structural rearrangements in single cells. Using Strand-seq, I monitored homologue states in human genomes to quantify the degree of somatic rearrangements, and distinguished these from recurrent structural variants, such as inherited inversions. In so doing, I created an innovative tool to rapidly discover, map, and genotype structural polymorphisms with unprecedented resolution. Next, to facilitate systematic analyses of Strand-seq data, I developed novel bioinformatic software that locates putative genomic rearrangements in singles cells and identifies recurrent rearrangements across multiple cells. This provides an essential instrument for unbiased and non-targeted structural variant discovery in a high-throughput approach, helping to scale Strand-seq for population-based studies. Applying these tools, I explored the distribution and frequency of structural variation in a heterogeneous cell population to discover and genotype over 100 inversions in the human genome. I found significant structural heterogeneity resides in definable polymorphic domains and within complex and repetitive regions of our genome. Finally, I extended my strategy to comprehensively map the complete set of inversions in an individual’s genome and define their unique invertome. Comparing two invertomes, I found sets of inversions can be combined to make predictions about ancestry and health of an individual, and I characterized the architectural features of inversion breakpoints with base-pair resolution. Taken together, I describe a powerful new framework to study structural rearrangements and genomic heterogeneity in single cell samples, whether from individuals for population studies, or tissues for biomarker discovery.
title: Freshwater Fluxes into the World's Oceans
Creators: name: Recknagel, Thomas
name: Dornblut, Irina
name: Looser, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz
Year: 2021

description: Mitteilungen / BfG. - 36.2021. - ISSN 1431-2409 - ISBN 978-3-940247-19-3
VI CENTENÁRIO DA MORTE DE D. FREI BARTOLOMEU DOS MÁRTIRES. CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL - Actas. Fátima: Movimento Bartolomeano, 1994, XXV+743+5 p.
Creators: name: Gouveia, António Camões
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
Antenna-coupled TES Bolometer Arrays for BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER
Creators: name: Orlando, A.
name: Aikin, R. W
name: Amiri, M.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Bonetti, J. A.
name: Brevik, J. A.
name: Burger, B.
name: Chattopadthyay, G.
name: Day, P. K.
name: Filippini, J. P.
name: Golwala, S. R.
name: Halpern, M.
name: Hasselfield, M.
name: Hilton, G. C.
name: Irwin, K. D.
name: Kenyon, M.
name: Kovac, J. M.
name: Kuo, C. L.
name: Lange, A. E.
name: LeDuc, H. G.
name: Llombart, N.
name: Nguyen, H. T.
name: Ogburn, R. W.
name: Reintsema, C. D.
name: Runyan, M. C.
name: Staniszewski, Z.
name: Sudiwala, R.
name: Teply, G.
name: Trangsrud, A. R.
name: Turner, A. D.
name: Wilson, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BICEP2/Keck and SPIDER are cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeters targeting the B-mode polarization induced by primordial gravitational waves from inflation. They will be using planar arrays of polarization sensitive antenna-coupled TES bolometers, operating at frequencies between 90 GHz and 220 GHz. At 150 GHz each array consists of 64 polarimeters and four of these arrays are assembled together to make a focal plane, for a total of 256 dual-polarization elements (512 TES sensors). The detector arrays are integrated with a time-domain SQUID multiplexer developed at NIST and read out using the multi-channels electronics (MCE) developed at the University of British Columbia. Following our progress in improving detector parameters uniformity across the arrays and fabrication yield, our main effort has focused on improving detector arrays optical and noise performances, in order to produce science grade focal planes achieving target sensitivities. We report on changes in detector design implemented to optimize such performances and following focal plane arrays characterization. BICEP2 has deployed a first 150 GHz science grade focal plane to the South Pole in December 2009.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; SPIE proceedings for Millimeter, Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V (Conference 7741, June 2010, San Diego, CA, USA)
Open licenses for researchers - An overview and use cases
Creators: name: Miljković, Nadica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: license
licence
open license
open licence
free software
open-source software
FOSS
FLOSS
CC
Creative Commons
open hardware
machine learning
artificial intelligence
open science

description: Presentation for the invited lecture titled "Open licenses for researchers - An overview and use cases" for Thematic seminar series on scientific integrity for doctoral program of Psychology and Educational Sciences with the support of the Doctoral School of Humanities and Social Sciences at KU Leuven on November 14, 2022. Complete information is available at https://ppw.kuleuven.be/agenda/2022/open_licenses. A current version of this presentation was held on April 27, 2023 during CircleU online training on Data Management organized by the University of Belgrade. More information is available at: https://www.circle-u.eu/news/2023/online-training-on-transversal-issues-for-ecr.html.
LINEHAN, Peter - The Ladies of Zamora. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. (xvi + 192 pp., apêndice documental, bibliografia e índice). IDEM - Les Dames de Zamora. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1998 (trad. francesa)
Creators: name: Branco, Maria João Violante
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
Influence of the Local Food Environment on Hispanics’ Perceptions of Healthy Food Access in New York City
Creators: name: Co Jr., Manuel C.
name: Bakken, Suzanne R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food security
Hispanic Americans
Latino communities
Grocery trade
Public opinion

description: Introduction: Studies have characterized food environments and documented its impact on access and consumption of healthy foods as well as diet-related health conditions. This study aims to characterize the local food environment in New York City’s Washington Heights and Inwood community and to examine its influence on Hispanics’ perceptions of healthy food access. Methods: Person-level local food environments were created by spatially modeling food retailers selling fresh fruits and vege- tables or low-fat products within a participant’s 400- and 800-m residential radius buffers. Data were analyzed using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: Fruit/vegetable markets significantly increased participants’ odds of perceiving the availability of a large selection as well as the high quality of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighborhood. Medium-/large-size super- markets/groceries within 400-m radius significantly increased participants’ odds of perceiving the high quality of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighborhood, whereas meat markets significantly lowered the odds. Fruit/vegetable markets and medium-/ large-size supermarkets/groceries significantly increased participants’ odds of perceiving the availability of a large selection of low- fat products in their neighborhood. Conclusion: Study findings advance our understanding of the relationships between local food environment and perceived healthy food access among urban Hispanics.
Isaac Watts’s Hymnody as a Guide for the Passions
Creators: name: Johnson, Daniel
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

Isaac Watts (1674-1748) argued that the passions, understood synonymously with the affections, were an essential component of the Christian experience. Watts designed a system of hymnody which allowed the worshipper to excite, cultivate, and express their passions. This paper traces the history of the passions and affections in those who were to influence Watts’ thought, before considering the ways Watts’ hymns allowed the passions to be experienced and articulated.

description: English Literature
Passionate Educations
Creators: name: Hultquist, Aleksondra
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

This article connects John Locke’s concept of uneasiness to Aphra Behn’s poem “On Desire: A Pindarick” and Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park. Behn and Austen offer a corrected reading of Locke’s overtly rationalist ideas. This comparison suggests the importance of passionate engagement as related to knowledge. This article uses a contemporary understanding of the long eighteenth-century passions to argue for how passionate experience and knowing might have occurred through the literary examples of Aphra Behn and Jane Austen.

description: English Literature
Proposal for interferometric detection of topological defects in modulated superfluids
Creators: name: Swanson, Mason
name: Loh, Yen Lee
name: Trivedi, Nandini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attractive interactions between fermions can produce a superfluid ground state, in which pairs of up and down spins swirl together in a coordinated, coherent dance. How is this dance affected by an imbalance in the population of up and down fermions? Do the extra fermions stand on the sides, or do they disrupt the dance? The most intriguing possibility is the formation of a modulated superfluid state, known as an LO phase, in which the excess fermions self-organize into domain walls where the pairing amplitude changes sign. Despite fifty years of theoretical and experimental work, there has so far been no direct observation of an LO phase. Here we propose an experiment in which two fermion clouds, prepared with unequal population imbalances, are allowed to expand and interfere. A zipper pattern in the interference fringes is unequivocal evidence of LO physics. Furthermore, because the experiment is resolved in time and in two spatial directions, we expect an observable signature even at finite temperatures (when thermal fluctuations destroy long-range LO order averaged over time).
The Literature of Fear in Britain
Creators: name: Autori Vari | Various Authors
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

This essay reads Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem, Fears in Solitude, in the context of the letters, memoirs, pamphlets, prints and caricatures that were produced in Britain during the 1797-98 French invasion scare. The essay will explore the ways in which these written and visual products attempted to evoke, express and even suppress feelings of fear, anxiety and terror and aims to understand Coleridge’s ‘fears’ in the context of these feelings. In particular, the essay will examine how Coleridge’s poem responds to the heightened alertness following the Fishguard landing in February 1797. In Fears in Solitude, Coleridge is deeply ambivalent about his stance towards his own country and his attitude towards the French. Reviewers and scholars have long been debating the poem’s pro- or anti-war stance, and whether or not it is part of a contemporary alarmist discourse. Many broadsides, handbills and pamphlets published during this period warned about the horrors of a possible French invasion. They were funded by royalist associations with the sole aim of propagating fear across the nation. While these publications contributed to a widespread discourse of alarm, others, especially the visual culture of the period, challenged and ridiculed such fearmongering. Military and naval accounts and other first-hand narratives gave voice to the feelings pervading this time of psychological warfare, and explored the extent to which the horrors of war did come home intimately to affect the individual body and mind during this time. Read in the context of such contemporary texts, Coleridge’s poem emerges as an artistic discourse designed reflectively to manage his own and the nation’s fears instead of perpetuating the feeling itself.

description: English Literature
SILVA, Maria Joana Corte-Real Lencarte - O Costumeiro de Pombeiro. Uma comunidade beneditina no século XIII. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto em 1995. 373 p.
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Ana Maria S. A.
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
Two Point Correlation Functions for a Periodic Box-Ball System
Creators: name: Mada, Jun
name: Tokihiro, Tetsuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate correlation functions in a periodic box-ball system. For the second and the third nearest neighbor correlation functions, we give explicit formulae obtained by combinatorial methods. A recursion formula for a specific $N$-point functions is also presented.
Quantum computing with nearest neighbor interactions and error rates over 1%
Creators: name: Wang, David S.
name: Fowler, Austin G.
name: Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale quantum computation will only be achieved if experimentally implementable quantum error correction procedures are devised that can tolerate experimentally achievable error rates. We describe a quantum error correction procedure that requires only a 2-D square lattice of qubits that can interact with their nearest neighbors, yet can tolerate quantum gate error rates over 1%. The precise maximum tolerable error rate depends on the error model, and we calculate values in the range 1.1--1.4% for various physically reasonable models. Even the lowest value represents the highest threshold error rate calculated to date in a geometrically constrained setting, and a 50% improvement over the previous record.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures
O Reino dos Mortos na Idade Média Peninsular, sob a direcção de José Mattoso. Lisboa: Edições João Sá da Costa, 1996. 239 p.
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Ana Maria S. A.
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
MACIAS, Santiago - Mértola Islâmica: Estudo Hislórico-Arqueológico do Bairro da Alcáçova (Séculos XII-Xlll). Mértola: Campo Arqueológico de Mértola, 1996. 204 p.
Creators: name: Lavajo, Joaquim Chorão
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 1998

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 10 (1998): Cristianização na Época Medieval
Decoherence in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Koksma, Jurjen F.
name: Prokopec, Tomislav
name: Schmidt, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study decoherence in a simple quantum mechanical model using two approaches. Firstly, we follow the conventional approach to decoherence where one is interested in solving the reduced density matrix from the perturbative master equation. Secondly, we consider our novel correlator approach to decoherence where entropy is generated by neglecting observationally inaccessible correlators. We show that both methods can accurately predict decoherence time scales. However, the perturbative master equation generically suffers from instabilities which prevents us to reliably calculate the system's total entropy increase. We also discuss the relevance of the results in our quantum mechanical model for interacting field theories.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
Discrete and mesoscopic regimes of finite-size wave turbulence
Creators: name: L'vov, V. S.
name: Nazarenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bounding volume results in discreteness of eigenmodes in wave systems. This leads to a depletion or complete loss of wave resonances (three-wave, four-wave, etc.), which has a strong effect on Wave Turbulence, (WT) i.e. on the statistical behavior of broadband sets of weakly nonlinear waves. This paper describes three different regimes of WT realizable for different levels of the wave excitations: Discrete, mesoscopic and kinetic WT. Discrete WT comprises chaotic dynamics of interacting wave "clusters" consisting of discrete (often finite) number of connected resonant wave triads (or quarters). Kinetic WT refers to the infinite-box theory, described by well-known wave-kinetic equations. Mesoscopic WT is a regime in which either the discrete and the kinetic evolutions alternate, or when none of these two types is purely realized. We argue that in mesoscopic systems the wave spectrum experiences a sandpile behavior. Importantly, the mesoscopic regime is realized for a broad range of wave amplitudes which typically spans over several orders on magnitude, and not just for a particular intermediate level.
description: Submitted to PRE
A cooperative game for automated learning of elasto-plasticity knowledge graphs and models with AI-guided experimentation
Creators: name: Wang, Kun
name: Sun, WaiChing
name: Du, Qiang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Elastoplasticity
Elastoplasticity--Computer simulation
Reinforcement learning
Combinatorial optimization
Materials science

description: We introduce a multi-agent meta-modeling game to generate data, knowledge, and models that make predictions on constitutive responses of elasto-plastic materials. We introduce a new concept from graph theory where a modeler agent is tasked with evaluating all the modeling options recast as a directed multigraph and find the optimal path that links the source of the directed graph (e.g. strain history) to the target (e.g. stress) measured by an objective function. Meanwhile, the data agent, which is tasked with generating data from real or virtual experiments (e.g. molecular dynamics, discrete element simulations), interacts with the modeling agent sequentially and uses reinforcement learning to design new experiments to optimize the prediction capacity. Consequently, this treatment enables us to emulate an idealized scientific collaboration as selections of the optimal choices in a decision tree search done automatically via deep reinforcement learning.
MPEC 2023-H211 : 2023 HZ5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 HZ5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Encryption key generation inCloud Environments
Creators: name: Ye, Bin
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2016

description: Protecting Cloud services located within the Cloud Computing centre easily would be a significant advantage in the current Cloud computing market. However, the existing encryption system all process a notable weakness that the private key must be stored locally, so could be accessed and used to break the encryption. To solve this problem, a novel technology has been investigated that recompose the private key by using the properties and behaviours extracted from a Cloud server during execution. This thesis will investigate the feasibility of this approach by analysing simple online programs which would typically form the basis or components of larger systems and thereby indicate, by the ability to distinguish such simple systems, which larger real world practical systems may also be distinguished. The private key does not need to store in the system, which this paper has proved such a system is feasible to be applied in the current encryption system.
Diversification and depletion in Vietnamese seahorse fisheries
Creators: name: Stocks, Allison Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The development of effective evidence-based management is limited by a lack of long-term records for many vulnerable marine species that are caught in small-scale fisheries. To address this data gap, I studied a small-scale fishery in southern Vietnam with a focus on seahorses (Hippocampus spp.), globally traded, cryptic fishes that are notably vulnerable to overexploitation. Using a combination of fisher interviews and catch landings surveys, I documented five fishing gears that regularly caught seahorses intentionally and/or incidentally: otter trawls, beam trawls, pair trawls, crab nets, and compressor diving. About 20% of fishers I studied specifically targeted seahorses and made the majority of their income from selling these fish; a novel finding. The seahorse catch consisted of three species – Hippocampus spinosissimus, H. kuda and H. trimaculatus – with catch composition varying by gear and fishing ground. Bottom trawl boats and compressor divers that targeted seahorses caught them at mean rates of 23 and 32 seahorses per day respectively, while those that caught seahorses incidentally caught 1 and 3 per day respectively. The total catch from the island from these two fishing methods was approximately 162,000–234,000 seahorses per year. This catch is up to four times higher than in other studied regions of Vietnam and throughout Southeast Asia. Fishers reported that seahorse catch rates had decreased by 86-95% from 2004 to 2014. Meanwhile, the landed value of seahorses had increased by 534% during the same time period, encouraging fishers to continue capturing and selling seahorses. These signs point toward a high-pressure fishery that is likely unsustainable. Fisheries management efforts in the area should be strengthened by enforcing marine protected areas and improving fishers’ compliance to regulation. My findings emphasize the transitions that can occur in a high-pressure small-scale fishery and highlight the need for effective management to ensure sustainable seahorse populations.
title: Donald W. Knight, Sr. Collection
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USUHS Archives Finding Aid
Donald W. Knight, Sr. Collection
2022
The Brittle‐Ductile Transition Predicted by a Physics‐Based Friction Law
Creators: name: Aharonov, Einat
name: Scholz, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earthquakes
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Friction
subject: Mylonite

description: A theory of the brittle‐ductile transition (BDT) is shown to be a direct consequence of a recently developed physics‐based constitutive law for rock friction (Aharonov & Scholz, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013829), which assumes exponential creep on contacts. The theory was previously tested against experimental data for sliding at low ambient temperature and stress. Here, theoretical interpretation of experimental data at high temperature and stress shows that at some point the real area of contact reaches a maximum value beyond which it becomes fixed. The constitutive law shows that this marks the onset of the BDT, beyond which sliding changes from frictional to an exponential flow law for low‐temperature plasticity. Application to the Earth's crust shows that beyond this point, strength fall linearly with depth until it intersects the power law for bulk flow of the country rock, which marks the lower boundary of the BDT. Modeling, constrained by experimental data for granite, predicts that the BDT starts at a temperature of about 300°C, at a depth of 11–13 km in the continental crust, depending on fault slip rate and temperature gradient. The completion of the BDT is similarly calculated to occur around 475°, at 16–18 km, in agreement with laboratory and field observations. The BDT is thus found to be a region spanning about 175°C with a width of several kilometers.Within the exponential flow region, the structural outcome would be a relatively narrow mylonitized fault zone, which widens into a broader region of shear at the base of the BDT.
Density Functional Resonance Theory of Unbound Electronic Systems
Creators: name: Whitenack, Daniel L.
name: Wasserman, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density Functional Resonance Theory (DFRT) is a complex-scaled version of ground-state Density Functional Theory (DFT) that allows one to calculate the resonance energies and lifetimes of metastable anions. In this formalism, the exact energy and lifetime of the lowest-energy resonance of unbound systems is encoded into a complex "density" that can be obtained via complex-coordinate scaling. This complex density is used as the primary variable in a DFRT calculation just as the ground-state density would be used as the primary variable in DFT. As in DFT, there exists a mapping of the N-electron interacting system to a Kohn-Sham system of N non-interacting particles in DFRT. This mapping facilitates self consistent calculations with an initial guess for the complex density, as illustrated with an exactly-solvable model system. Whereas DFRT yields in principle the exact resonance energy and lifetime of the interacting system, we find that neglecting the complex-correlation contribution leads to errors of similar magnitude to those of standard scattering close-coupling calculations under the bound-state approximation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Giant mesoscopic spin Hall effect on surface of topological insulator
Creators: name: Gao, Jin-Hua
name: Yuan, Jie
name: Chen, Wei-Qiang
name: Zhou, Yi
name: Zhang, Fu-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mesoscopic spin Hall effect on the surface of topological insulator with a step-function potential. The giant spin polarization induced by a transverse electric current is derived analytically by using McMillan method in the ballistic transport limit, which oscillates across the potential boundary with no confinement from the potential barrier due to the Klein paradox, and should be observable in spin resolved scanning tunneling microscope.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with a Rydberg blocked atomic ensemble
Creators: name: Guerlin, Christine
name: Brion, Etienne
name: Essslinger, Tilman
name: Moelmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to implement the Jaynes-Cummings model by coupling a few-micrometer large atomic ensemble to a quantized cavity mode and classical laser fields. A two-photon transition resonantly couples the single-atom ground state |g> to a Rydberg state |e> via a non-resonant intermediate state |i>, but due to the interaction between Rydberg atoms only a single atom can be resonantly excited in the ensemble. This restricts the state space of the ensemble to the collective ground state |G> and the collectively excited state |E> with a single Rydberg excitation distributed evenly on all atoms. The collectively enhanced coupling of all atoms to the cavity field with coherent coupling strengths which are much larger than the decay rates in the system leads to the strong coupling regime of the resulting effective Jaynes-Cummings model. We use numerical simulations to show that the cavity transmission can be used to reveal detailed properties of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder of excited states, and that the atomic nonlinearity gives rise to highly non-trivial photon emission from the cavity. Finally, we suggest that the absence of interactions between remote Rydberg atoms may, due to a combinatorial effect, induce a cavity-assisted excitation blockade whose range is larger than the typical Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction length.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Analyzing Neoliberalism in Theory and Practice: The Case of Performance-Based Funding for Higher Education
Creators: name: Dougherty, Kevin J.
name: Natow, Rebecca Spiro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Education, Higher
Neoliberalism
Universities and colleges
Universities and colleges--Administration
Universities and colleges--Finance

description: Neoliberal ideas – whether the new public management, principal-agent theory, or performance management – have provided rationale for sweeping reforms in the governance and operation of higher education. Despite this, little attention has been devoted to how well neoliberal theory illuminates the policy process by which neoliberal policy is enacted and implemented. This paper expands our understanding of the origins, implementation, and impacts of neoliberal policies by examining the case of performance-based funding (PBF) for higher education in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere. With regard to policy origins, neoliberal theory anticipates the key role that top government officials play in the development of PBF but fails to anticipate the important roles of business and higher education institutions in the formation of neoliberal policies. Neoliberal theory notes the important role of monetary incentives as policy instruments and the obstacles posed by gaming on the part of agents, but the implementation of PBF also involves other policy instruments and faces additional obstacles to implementation. Policy outcomes fitting the neoliberal focus on organizational effectiveness and efficiency are only weakly produced by PBF, but PBF is associated with a host of unintended impacts that neoliberal theory ignores.
The Galactic Magnetic Field's Effect in Star-Forming Region
Creators: name: Stephens, Ian W.
name: Looney, Leslie W.
name: Dowell, C. Darren
name: Vaillancourt, John E.
name: Tassis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the Milky Way's magnetic field in star forming regions using archived 350 micron polarization data on 52 Galactic star formation regions from the Hertz polarimeter module. The polarization angles and percentages for individual telescope beams were combined in order to produce a large-scale average for each source and for complexes of sources. In more than 80% of the sources, we find a meaningful mean magnetic field direction, implying the existence of an ordered magnetic field component at the scale of these sources. The average polarization angles were analyzed with respect to the Galactic coordinates in order to test for correlations between polarization percentage, polarization angle, intensity, and Galactic location. No correlation was found, which suggests that the magnetic field in dense molecular clouds is decoupled from the large-scale Galactic magnetic field. Finally, we show that the magnetic field directions in the complexes are consistent with a random distribution on the sky.
Helical Dirac-Majorana interferometer in a superconductor-topological insulator sandwich structure
Creators: name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Trauzettel, Bjoern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the heterostructure composed of a topological insulator sandwiched by two s-wave superconductors, the time reversal invariant topological superconducting phase, possessing helical Majorana edge modes, is found to exist when the two s-wave superconductors form a Josephson junction with a pi phase shift. Based on such a heterostructure, a helical Dirac-Majorana interferometer is proposed to directly measure a unique transport signature of the helical Majorana modes. Furthermore, we envision how our proposal can be realized on the basis of existing materials such as Bi2Se3 or Bi2Te3 thin films.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, v2: modified Fig.2
High frequency polarization switching of a thin ferroelectric film
Creators: name: Caputo, J. -G.
name: Maimistov, A. I.
name: Mishina, E. D.
name: Kazantseva, E. V.
name: Mukhortov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider both experimentally and analytically the transient oscillatory process that arises when a rapid change in voltage is applied to a $Ba_xSr_{1-x}TiO_3$ ferroelectric thin film deposited on an $Mg0$ substrate. High frequency ($\approx 10^{8} rad/s$) polarization oscillations are observed in the ferroelectric sample. These can be understood using a simple field-polarization model. In particular we obtain analytic expressions for the oscillation frequency and the decay time of the polarization fluctuation in terms of the material parameters. These estimations agree well with the experimental results.
DM production mechanisms
Creators: name: Gelmini, Graciela
name: Gondolo, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the mechanism of production of dark matter particles in the early Universe, both in standard and non-standard pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis cosmologies. We concentrate mostly on the production of WIMPs.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Sustaining an Open Scholarly Ecosystem with Community-Based Open Source
Creators: name: Cartolano, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open source software
Communication in learning and scholarship
Information science
Information services

description: Institutions around the world have turned to community-based infrastructure to address the challenges of the scholarly ecosystem. Leveraging the benefits of the open ecosystem including but not limited to open source and open data, it is increasingly possible to develop innovative services at scale.  Organizations such as HathiTrust, DuraSpace, Lyrasis and others have achieved a level of success in supporting community-based projects that meet the needs of hundreds of institutions.  This talk will summarize recent successes, challenges for today, and emerging opportunities that can help to accelerate our collective efforts to support an open scholarly ecosystem.
Thermodynamic and optical investigation of the combustion mechanisms of diesel-ignited dual-fuel natural gas combustion
Creators: name: Rochussen, Jeremy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Diesel-ignited dual-fuel (DIDF) combustion of natural gas (NG) is a promising, and immediately available strategy to improve heavy-duty compression-ignition (CI) engine performance to meet challenging and evolving emissions regulations. The DIDF concept utilizes a combination of port-injected NG and direct-injected diesel to couple the relatively low-cost and low-emissions characteristics of NG combustion with the operational and performance characteristics that have made diesel CI engines ubiquitous. This combination of fuelling strategies permits a wide range of different operating modes, which are characterized by a number of fundamental combustion mechanisms. Combustion mechanisms specific to particular modes of DIDF operation have previously been addressed, however a comprehensive conceptual description of the combustion processes and modes of DIDF operation is lacking. A clear context for specific observed phenomena and DIDF operating modes is needed to bridge and extend the conclusions of investigations in this field. That need is addressed by this investigation through experimental analysis of thermodynamic and optical measurements of a broad range of DIDF fuelling modes. A 2-litre single-cylinder CI research engine capable of both conventional and optically-accessible operation was commissioned and operated with port-injected methane (CH₄). Fuelling modes were characterized using the global equivalence ratio (φglobal =0.55—0.88) and pilot fuel ratio (Rpilot =0.06—0.61) and were performed with combinations of pilot injection timing and pressure. A novel set of criteria, which used the measured apparent heat release rate (AHRR), defined sequential stages of DIDF combustion and mapped fundamental regimes of DIDF operation in the Rpilot-φglobal space. Flame propagation, and non-flame propagation DIDF operating regimes were distinguished by an apparent lean flame propagation limit observed at a CH₄ equivalence ratio (φCH₄) equal to 0.4. Pilot injection parameters were observed to be critical to combustion and emissions processes across all operating modes except for a unique subset of operating points with Rpilot=0.06. Spatially-resolved broadband visible light and OH*-chemiluminescence measurements supported the identified operating regimes, and indicated that the conventional conceptual model of DIDF combustion is not a complete description of the DIDF combustion process for all operating modes.
Torsional oscillations in tensor-vector-scalar theory
Creators: name: Sotani, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the Cowling approximation, the torsional oscillations on relativistic stars in tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory are examined. The spectrum features in TeVeS are very similar to those in general relativity (GR), but the torsional frequencies in TeVeS become larger than those expected in GR. We find that, compared with the fluid oscillations with polar parity, the torsional frequencies depend strongly on the gravitational theory. Since the dependences of fundamental frequencies on the gravitational theory and on the equation of state are different from those of overtone, it could be possible to distinguish TeVeS from GR in the strong-field regime via observations of this type of oscillations with the help of the observation of stellar mass.
description: published in PRD
Exciton character in picene molecular solids
Creators: name: Roth, Friedrich
name: Mahns, Benjamin
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Knupfer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the low-energy electronic excitations of solid picene at 20 K using momentum dependent electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate the presence of five excitonic features below the transport energy gap of picene, which all are characterized by a negligible dispersion. One of these excitons has not been observed in the optical absorption spectrum of picene molecules in solution and thus is assigned to a (solid-state induced) charge transfer exciton. This conclusion is supported by the momentum dependent intensity variation of this exciton which clearly signals a significant dipole forbidden contribution, in contrast to the other low energy excitations.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures