cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of U.S. Steel Antidumping Duties on Trade Patterns and Trade Diversion
Creators: name: Trice, Jackson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: This paper examines the impact of U.S. steel antidumping duties on trade patterns with both countries that are named on the duty and countries that are not named. The purpose of an antidumping duty is to punish the named dumping countries (companies) and reduce imports from them, which will help U.S. firms regain market share. The issue that arises from antidumping duties is the idea that trade may be diverted from the named countries to the non-named countries once a duty is imposed, leaving U.S. firms in a similar position as before the
antidumping duty was imposed. The panel dataset the paper uses comes from antidumping data from the Global Antidumping Database of the World Bank and U.S. import data from the U.S. International Trade Commission. This paper uses four different specifications to measure the impact of a steel antidumping duty on U.S. steel imports. The first and second specifications focus on how U.S. steel imports from named countries are impacted, while the third and fourth focus on how U.S. steel imports from non-named countries are impacted. I find that after an antidumping duty is initiated and/or imposed, steel imports from named countries decrease. I also find that steel imports from non-named countries increase once a duty has been place on a named country. That shows that trade diversion does occur as a result of a steel antidumping duty.
Deterministic creation, pinning, and manipulation of quantized vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Samson, E. C.
name: Wilson, K. E.
name: Newman, Z. L.
name: Anderson, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally and numerically demonstrate deterministic creation and manipulation of a pair of oppositely charged singly quantized vortices in a highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Two identical blue-detuned, focused Gaussian laser beams that pierce the BEC serve as repulsive obstacles for the superfluid atomic gas; by controlling the positions of the beams within the plane of the BEC, superfluid flow is deterministically established around each beam such that two vortices of opposite circulation are generated by the motion of the beams, with each vortex pinned to the \emph{in situ} position of a laser beam. We study the vortex creation process, and show that the vortices can be moved about within the BEC by translating the positions of the laser beams. This technique can serve as a building block in future experimental techniques to create, on-demand, deterministic arrangements of few or many vortices within a BEC for precise studies of vortex dynamics and vortex interactions.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Influence of germanium substitution on the structural and electronic stability of the competing vanadium dioxide phases
Creators: name: Mlkvik, Peter
name: Ederer, Claude
name: Spaldin, Nicola A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a density-functional theory (DFT) study of the structural, electronic, and chemical bonding behaviour in germanium (Ge)-doped vanadium dioxide (VO$_2$). Our motivation is to explain the reported increase of the metal-insulator transition temperature under Ge doping and to understand how much of the fundamental physics and chemistry behind it can be captured at the conventional DFT level. We model doping using a supercell approach, with various concentrations and different spatial distributions of Ge atoms in VO$_2$. Our results suggest that the addition of Ge atoms strongly perturbs the high-symmetry metallic rutile phase and induces structural distortions that partially resemble the dimerization of the experimental insulating structure. Our work, therefore, hints at a possible explanation of the observed increase in transition temperature under Ge doping, motivating further studies into understanding the interplay of structural and electronic transitions in VO$_2$.
Adversarial Attacks on Monocular Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Chawla, Hemang
name: Varma, Arnav
name: Arani, Elahe
name: Zonooz, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advances in deep learning have resulted in steady progress in computer vision with improved accuracy on tasks such as object detection and semantic segmentation. Nevertheless, deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, thus presenting a challenge in reliable deployment. Two of the prominent tasks in 3D scene-understanding for robotics and advanced drive assistance systems are monocular depth and pose estimation, often learned together in an unsupervised manner. While studies evaluating the impact of adversarial attacks on monocular depth estimation exist, a systematic demonstration and analysis of adversarial perturbations against pose estimation are lacking. We show how additive imperceptible perturbations can not only change predictions to increase the trajectory drift but also catastrophically alter its geometry. We also study the relation between adversarial perturbations targeting monocular depth and pose estimation networks, as well as the transferability of perturbations to other networks with different architectures and losses. Our experiments show how the generated perturbations lead to notable errors in relative rotation and translation predictions and elucidate vulnerabilities of the networks.
description: Accepted at the 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2022)
Interface control and snow crystal growth
Creators: name: Li, Jessica
name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C24, 35R35, 60K35

description: The growth of snow crystals is dependent on the temperature and saturation of the environment. In the case of dendrites, Reiter's local two-dimensional model provides a realistic approach to the study of dendrite growth. In this paper we obtain a new geometric rule that incorporates interface control, a basic mechanism of crystallization that is not taken into account in the original Reiter's model. By defining two new variables, growth latency and growth direction, our improved model gives a realistic model not only for dendrite but also for plate forms.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures. Comments are most welcomed!
Methods for Inverse Probability of Attrition Weighting
Creators: name: Ockerman, Franklin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: In this paper, we examine methods for Inverse Probability of Attrition Weighting (IPAW) in a cohort study. Such longitudinal studies often suffer from attrition bias when participants fail to attend follow up visits. IPAW is a common strategy to address attrition bias which allows for unbiased estimation of causal effects. The typical approach to IPAW employs logistic regression to model the likelihood of dropout. By introducing an alternative modeling strategy, we hope to improve performance and add flexibility to such analyses. We apply this method to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a biracial, longitudinal cohort study of 15,792 subjects, hoping to use it in a prospective study of the association between air pollution exposure and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD).
NPM sérülékenységek terjedésének vizsgálata funkcionális függés szerint súlyozott hálózaton
Creators: name: Mosolygó, Balázs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A téma megnevezése:
 Az NPM függőségi hálózat sérülékenységeinek terjedésének vizsgálata, illetve az ehhez
 a vizsgálathoz tervezett új funkcionális függésen alapuló megközelítés elkészítése.
 Megadott feladat megfogalmazása:
 A feladatom egy a szoftver sérülékenységek terjedését ábrázoló algoritmus meghatározása,
 implementálása, helyességének vizsgálatához szükséges kísérletek tervezése, és végrehajtása
 volt az NPM környezetben. Az általam meghatározott algoritmus különböző
 projektek közötti funkcionális függőségekre hagyatkozik.
 A megoldási mód:
 Meghatároztam egy súlyozási módszert, amely különböző projektek közötti funkcionális
 függőségek mentén határoz meg élsúlyokat, melyeket linear threshold, és independent
 cascade algoritmusok alkalmazása mellett használok fel. A teszteléshez implementáltam
 a módszert, és az eredményül adott szimulációkat összevetettem a valós terjedéssel.
 Alkalmazott eszközök, módszerek:
 MondoDB, Neo4J, GitHub, JavaScript, Acorn, Recast, DepCheck, JSCG, Python, Pipenv,
 Networkx, MatPlotLib, Scipy, Numpy, Seaborn, Linear Threshold, Independent Cascade
 Elért eredmények:
 Definiáltam és implementáltam egy módszert, amely képes az NPM hálózat éleihez súlyokat
 rendelni az összekötött súlyok funkcionális függőségének szignifikanciájának mentén.
 Megmutattam, hogy az így súlyozott részgráfokon pontosabb eredmény érhető el, mintha
 súlyozatlan technikákat alkalmaznánk.
 Kulcsszavak:
 vulnerability, NPM, network, CVE, security
Dynamics of a polymer in an active and crowded environment
Creators: name: Vandebroek, Hans
name: Vanderzande, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the dynamics of an ideal polymer chain in a crowded, viscoelastic medium and in the presence of active forces. The motion of the centre of mass and of individual monomers is calculated. On time scales that are comparable to the persistence time of the active forces, monomers can move superdiffusively while on larger time scales subdiffusive behaviour occurs. The difference between this subdiffusion and that in absence of active forces is quantified. We show that the polymer swells in response to active processes and determine how this swelling depends on the viscoelastic properties of the environment. Our results are compared to recent experiments on the motion of chromosomal loci in bacteria.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
HIV/AIDS-RELATED MORTALITY IN ADDIS ABABA CITY ADMINISTRATION
Creators: name: Tekebash Araya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001

description: Measurement of the impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality is of fundamental importance to develop programmes to mitigate the effects of the epidemic in Ethiopia, similar to other countries in subSaharan Africa. Little is known about the HIV/AIDS-related mortality in the general population of the country and especially in Addis Ababa. A prospective surveillance of deaths at burials in Addis Ababa is initiated, since information on vital events in Ethiopia, as in most of sub-Saharan Africa, is defective. In this study, verbal autopsy (VA) and clinician review techniques were used to assess the cause specific mortality (CSM) in general and HIV/AIDS-related mortality in particular, in the general population of Addis Ababa. Since February 8, 2001 a prospective surveillance started at all the available and functioning burial sites (n=70) in the rural and urban localities of Addis Ababa, collecting information on name, sex, age, address, date of burial and presumed cause of death of the deceased. Burial sites included: all 51 orthodox churchyards, eight mosque-based, seven municipal-based, two community-based “Yesenbete mahber”, one catholic-based, and one Jewish “Bete-Israel” cemetery. Verbal autopsy (VA) was conducted at 414 selected households, three to four months after death, involving 10 teams of two interviewers. Two independent clinicians reviewed and assessed the VA questionnaires and assigned causes of death.
Schema di raccolta dati dei metodi di analisi della base di dati MIC su RaDISAN flusso unico, costruito partendo da ANLYMD_11.8 di EFSA Catalogue Browser 1.2.14
Creators: name: Saiu Rita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: RADISAN

description: È stato utilizzato il prospetto ANLYMD_11.8, pubblicato in EFSA Catalogue browser. È stata fatta una parziale selezione delle metodiche (term) appropriate. La prima esclusione (Semaforo_1 rosso) ha escluso: deprecated / sconsigliato F003A, F007A, F005A, F006A, F004A
description: ANLYMD_11.8_METODI_MIC rappresenta la semantica della corretta raccolta delle metodiche di analisi che serviranno a descrivere l'esito del referto del campione di laboratorio.
Explicit versions of the local duality theorem in $\mathbb{C}^n$
Creators: name: Lärkäng, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A27, 14B15, 32C30

description: We consider versions of the local duality theorem in $\mathbb{C}^n$. We show that there exist canonical pairings in these versions of the duality theorem which can be expressed explicitly in terms of residues of Grothendieck, or in terms of residue currents of Coleff-Herrera and Andersson-Wulcan, and we give several different proofs of non-degeneracy of the pairings. One of the proofs of non-degeneracy uses the theory of linkage, and conversely, we can use the non-degeneracy to obtain results about linkage for modules. We also discuss a variant of such pairings based on residues considered by Passare, Lejeune-Jalabert and Lundqvist.
description: 39 pages. v3: Section 5 largely rewritten with new proofs of part of the main theorems, based on dualizing complexes
A detailed introduction to density-based topology optimisation of fluid flow problems with implementation in MATLAB
Creators: name: Alexandersen, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a detailed introduction to density-based topology optimisation of fluid flow problems. The goal is to allow new students and researchers to quickly get started in the research area and to skip many of the initial steps, often consuming unnecessarily long time from the scientific advancement of the field. This is achieved by providing a step-by-step guide to the components necessary to understand and implement the theory, as well as extending the supplied MATLAB code. The continuous design representation used and how it is connected to the Brinkman penalty approach, for simulating an immersed solid in a fluid domain, is illustrated. The different interpretations of the Brinkman penalty term and how to chose the penalty parameters are explained. The accuracy of the Brinkman penalty approach is analysed through parametric simulations of a reference geometry. The chosen finite element formulation and the solution method is explained. The minimum dissipated energy optimisation problem is defined and how to solve it using an optimality criteria solver and a continuation scheme is discussed. The included MATLAB implementation is documented, with details on the mesh, pre-processing, optimisation and post-processing. The code has two benchmark examples implemented and the application of the code to these is reviewed. Subsequently, several modifications to the code for more complicated examples are presented through provided code modifications and explanations. Lastly, the computational performance of the code is examined through studies of the computational time and memory usage, along with recommendations to decrease computational time through approximations.
description: 39 pages, 28 figures
Market Effects of Court Decisions: A Case Study of Antiquities at Auction in New York and London
Creators: name: Zitkus, Olivia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The changing legal landscape of the market for ancient art provides an opportunity to study the impact of legal constraints on economic markets. Working with novel data from Sotheby’s and Bonhams auction houses and court decisions from London and New York between 2003 and 2019, I look for the effects of legal rulings and settlements on the art market. My empirical analysis models provenance information quality—the public history of ownership of an object—and prices. I focus on the in-country effects of court decisions on prices and provenance using OLS regressions with robust standard errors. Overall, I find that accumulating court decisions have a positive effect on provenance information quality and that court decisions impact prices both directly and via its earlier effects on provenance information.
Categories of relations as models of quantum theory
Creators: name: Heunen, Chris
name: Tull, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Categories of relations over a regular category form a family of models of quantum theory. Using regular logic, many properties of relations over sets lift to these models, including the correspondence between Frobenius structures and internal groupoids. Over compact Hausdorff spaces, this lifting gives continuous symmetric encryption. Over a regular Mal'cev category, this correspondence gives a characterization of categories of completely positive maps, enabling the formulation of quantum features. These models are closer to Hilbert spaces than relations over sets in several respects: Heisenberg uncertainty, impossibility of broadcasting, and behavedness of rank one morphisms.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.01181
title: Russia's China Policy Under Yeltsin and Its Effect on the Korean Peninsula
Creators: name: Lim, Jong Dyuk
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: This thesis studies current developments in Russia's China policy and their effect on the Korean Peninsula. This thesis asks these questions: how has the Russia's China policy changed since Gorbachev era, what are the determinants of Russia's current China policy, what is the effect of this policy on the Korean Peninsula, and what is the prospect for Russo-Chinese relations? Russia's China policy has been profoundly influenced by a series of domestic Russian institutional changes. Russia may be developing a political-economic system more consistent with "Eastern" notions of democracy and capitalism than those of the West. The result has been a policy of rapprochement. Russo-Chinese rapprochement seriously worsens the position of the North Korean regime. Deprived of their previous aid and assistance from the Communist world, the North Korean regime has experienced economic difficulties and diplomatic isolation. The change of international relations in East Asia implies that North Korea may need to make substantial political concessions to the West and South Korea. Materials used in this study are in English or English translation.
Engineering high quality graphene superlattices via ion milled ultra-thin etching masks
Creators: name: Ruiz, David Barcons
name: Sheinfux, Hanan Herzig
name: Hoffmann, Rebecca
name: Torre, Iacopo
name: Agarwal, Hitesh
name: Kumar, Roshan Krishna
name: Vistoli, Lorenzo
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Bachtold, Adrian
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanofabrication research pursues the miniaturization of patterned feature size. In the current state of the art, micron scale areas can be patterned with features down to ~ 30 nm pitch using electron beam lithography. Our work demonstrates a new nanofabrication technique which allows patterning periodic structures with a pitch down to 16 nm. It is based on focused ion beam milling of suspended membranes, with minimal proximity effects typical to electron beam lithography. The membranes are then transferred and used as hard etching masks. We benchmark our technique by engineering a superlattice potential in single layer graphene using a thin graphite patterned gate electrode. Our electronic transport characterization shows high quality superlattice properties and a rich Hofstadter butterfly spectrum. Our technique opens the path towards the realization of very short period superlattices in 2D materials, comparable to those in natural moire systems, but with the ability to control lattice symmetries and strength. This can pave the way for a versatile solid-state quantum simulator platform and the study of correlated electron phases.
The Smallest Interacting Universe
Creators: name: Zini, Modjtaba Shokrian
name: Brown, Adam R.
name: Freedman, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The co-emergence of locality between the Hamiltonian and initial state of the universe is studied in a simple toy model. We hypothesize a fundamental loss functional for the combined Hamiltonian and quantum state and minimize it by gradient descent. This minimization yields a tensor product structure simultaneously respected by both the Hamiltonian and the state, suggesting that locality can emerge by a process analogous to spontaneous symmetry breaking. We discuss the relevance of this program to the arrow of time problem. In our toy model, we interpret the emergence of a tensor factorization as the appearance of individual degrees of freedom within a previously undifferentiated (raw) Hilbert space. Earlier work [5, 6] looked at the emergence of locality in Hamiltonians only, and found strong numerical confirmation of that raw Hilbert spaces of $\dim = n$ are unstable and prefer to settle on tensor factorization when $n=pq$ is not prime, and in [6] even primes were seen to "factor" after first shedding a small summand, e.g. $7=1+2\cdot 3$. This was found in the context of a rather general potential functional $F$ on the space of metrics $\{g_{ij}\}$ on $\mathfrak{su}(n)$, the Lie algebra of symmetries. This emergence of qunits through operator-level spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) may help us understand why the world seems to consist of myriad interacting degrees of freedom. But understanding why the universe has an initial Hamiltonian $H_0$ with a many-body structure is of limited conceptual value unless the initial state, $|ψ_0\rangle$, is also structured by this tensor decomposition. Here we adapt $F$ to become a functional on $\{g,|ψ_0\rangle\}=(\text{metrics})\times (\text{initial states})$, and find SSB now produces a conspiracy between $g$ and $|ψ_0\rangle$, where they simultaneously attain low entropy by settling on the same qubit decomposition.
Quantum gl(1|1) and tangle Floer homology
Creators: name: Ellis, Alexander P.
name: Petkova, Ina
name: Vértesi, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 20G42

description: We identify the Grothendieck group of the tangle Floer dg algebra with a tensor product of certain $U_q(gl(1|1))$ representations. Under this identification, up to a scalar factor, the map on the Grothendieck group induced by the tangle Floer dg bimodule associated to a tangle agrees with the Reshetikhin-Turaev homomorphism for that tangle. We also introduce dg bimodules which act on the Grothendieck group as the generators $E$ and $F$ of $U_q(gl(1|1))$.
description: 56 pages, many EPS figures; improved exposition, corrected small mistakes
Escaping Flatland: Designing data visualizations in augmented reality
Creators: name: Andringa, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: 
Augmented reality is becoming increasingly common in digital news, as nearly every major newsroom has released AR-driven stories in recent years. For this technology to become more than a fad, AR creators will need to pay attention to the user experience and find ways of telling stories that people will understand and remember. This study aims to solve a small part of that challenge, through a user-testing study of data visualizations in augmented reality. Drawing upon the 2D data visualization theories of Edward Tufte, Jaques Bertin, and others, three visualizations were created in AR and examined using user testing methodologies set out by previous AR researchers, as well as user experience researchers like Nielsen and Norman. Twenty-three undergraduate students viewed the augmented reality in the context of a sample news article, then answered comprehension questions and were interviewed about their experiences. Their reactions showed that AR design has particular complications to be careful of: users frequently expressed confusion about objects being occluded behind each other, labels being hard to read, and scales being difficult to measure. All their observations were condensed into five key best practices for AR development: “Keep all items in view,” “Optimize for macro/micro compositions,” “Assume users won’t move around,” “Use labels sparingly,” and “Allow opportunities to learn and fail.” With these guidelines, future development of AR data visualizations can continue to improve user experiences and help promote more widespread adoption of this new technology.
Competitiveness of Ethiopian Shoe Industry: Response to Export Market
Creators: name: Birkinesh Gonfa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012

description: Ethiopian Leather development strategy has put the shoe industry on the forefront position to accelerate the development of the sector. The study focuses on Ethiopian shoe industry competitiveness and its export market performance. The main purpose is to find the factors that are impediments for competitiveness of shoe industry at firm level and to find out the peculiar problems of shoe manufacturing in the export activities. Concepts of competitiveness and measures have been discussed. The Porter diamond model has been chosen to analyze firm level competitiveness. The result depicts the very low status of competitiveness of the Ethiopian shoe industry. At the firm level, all the determinants of competitiveness (Factor conditions, related and support industries, firm structure, strategy and rivalry, Demand conditions) are found to be insignificant. Among the factors, related and supporting industries and factor conditions mainly limit the firms from utilizing their cost advantage to sustained market share on the domestic as well as on the international market.
Mechanisms for high spin in black-hole neutron-star binaries and kilonova emission: inheritance and accretion
Creators: name: Steinle, Nathan
name: Gompertz, Benjamin P.
name: Nicholl, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A black-hole neutron-star binary merger can lead to an electromagnetic counterpart called a kilonova if the neutron star is disrupted prior to merger. The observability of a kilonova depends on the amount of neutron star ejecta, which is sensitive to the aligned component of the black hole spin. We explore the dependence of the ejected mass on two main mechanisms that provide high black hole spin in isolated stellar binaries. When the black hole inherits a high spin from a Wolf-Rayet star that was born with least $\sim$ 10% of its breakup spin under weak stellar core-envelope coupling, relevant for all formation pathways, the median of the ejected mass is $\gtrsim$ $10^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$. Though only possible for certain formation pathways, similar ejected mass results when the black hole accretes $\gtrsim$ 20% of its companion's envelope to gain a high spin. Together, these signatures suggest that a population analysis of black-hole neutron-star binary mergers with observed kilonovae may help distinguish between mechanisms for spin and possible formation pathways. We show that these kilonovae will be difficult to detect with current capabilities, but that future facilities, such as the Vera Rubin Observatory, can do so even if the aligned dimensionless spin of the black hole is as low as $\sim$ 0.2. Our model predicts kilonovae as bright as $M_i$ $\sim$ -14.5 for an aligned black hole spin of $\sim$ 0.9 and mass ratio Q = 3.6.
Lyapunov Function Partial Differential Equations for Chemical Reaction Networks: Some Special Cases
Creators: name: Fang, Zhou
name: Gao, Chuanhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F20, 37C10, 60J28, 80A30, 93D20

description: In this paper, we develop a method to generate the Lyapunov function for stability analysis for chemical reaction networks. Based on the Chemical Master Equation, we derive the Lyapunov Function partial differential equations (PDEs), whose solution approximates the scaling non-equilibrium potential and serves as the candidate Lyapunov function for the given network. We further prove that for any chemical reaction network the solution (if exists) of the PDEs is dissipative. Moreover, the proposed method of Lyapunov Function PDEs is qualified for analyzing the asymptotic stability of complex balanced networks, all networks with $1$-dimensional stoichiometric subspace and some special networks with more than $2$-dimensional stoichiometric subspace if some moderate conditions are added. Several examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes are proofs of contextuality
Creators: name: Pusey, Matthew F.
name: Leifer, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a quantum system is prepared and later post-selected in certain states, "paradoxical" predictions for intermediate measurements can be obtained. This is the case both when the intermediate measurement is strong, i.e. a projective measurement with Luders-von Neumann update rule, or with weak measurements where they show up in anomalous weak values. Leifer and Spekkens [quant-ph/0412178] identified a striking class of such paradoxes, known as logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes, and showed that they are indirectly connected with contextuality. By analysing the measurement-disturbance required in models of these phenomena, we find that the strong measurement version of logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes actually constitute a direct manifestation of quantum contextuality. The proof hinges on under-appreciated features of the paradoxes. In particular, we show by example that it is not possible to prove contextuality without Luders-von Neumann updates for the intermediate measurements, nonorthogonal pre- and post-selection, and 0/1 probabilities for the intermediate measurements. Since one of us has recently shown that anomalous weak values are also a direct manifestation of contextuality [arXiv:1409.1535], we now know that this is true for both realizations of logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.01181
Modelling the long-term fairness dynamics of data-driven targeted help on job seekers
Creators: name: Scher, Sebastian
name: Kopeinik, Simone
name: Trügler, Andreas
name: Kowald, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of data-driven decision support by public agencies is becoming more widespread and already influences the allocation of public resources. This raises ethical concerns, as it has adversely affected minorities and historically discriminated groups. In this paper, we use an approach that combines statistics and data-driven approaches with dynamical modeling to assess long-term fairness effects of labor market interventions. Specifically, we develop and use a model to investigate the impact of decisions caused by a public employment authority that selectively supports job-seekers through targeted help. The selection of who receives what help is based on a data-driven intervention model that estimates an individual's chances of finding a job in a timely manner and rests upon data that describes a population in which skills relevant to the labor market are unevenly distributed between two groups (e.g., males and females). The intervention model has incomplete access to the individual's actual skills and can augment this with knowledge of the individual's group affiliation, thus using a protected attribute to increase predictive accuracy. We assess this intervention model's dynamics -- especially fairness-related issues and trade-offs between different fairness goals -- over time and compare it to an intervention model that does not use group affiliation as a predictive feature. We conclude that in order to quantify the trade-off correctly and to assess the long-term fairness effects of such a system in the real-world, careful modeling of the surrounding labor market is indispensable.
Pews and Politics: The Effect of Theology on Attachment to the Democratic Party among Black Voters
Creators: name: Cameren Lofton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Religion and politics--Public opinion
Partisanship
Blacks--Political activity

description: This paper analyzes the effect that adhering to two certain theologies common in Black churches, Black liberation theology and the prosperity gospel, can have on attachment to the Democratic Party among Black voters. In order to analyze this relationship, I analyzed survey data from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study and conducted eight interviews with Black voters in the Triangle region of North Carolina. The results of my study show that adherence to Black liberation theology does predict an increase in party attachment among all Black voters while adherence to the prosperity gospel predicts a decrease in party attachment only among conservatives. The results of this study have implications for how Black voter engagement with the Democratic Party may change in the future.
Deinagkistrodon acutus Genome sequencing and assembly
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2016
Subjects: genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: The five-pacer viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) is a venomous snake living in Southern China, characterized by a triangular head and upturned rostral. Its venom, as a potent hemotoxin that is strongly hemorrhagic, is dangerous for people and is a potential medicine for thrombosis. It is also an excellent model for limb development, sex chromosome evolution and venom evolution et al. Sequencing the D. acutus genome and comparing it with other closely related species within Squamata will reveal numerous insights into the biology of this remarkable animal.
title: The Nuclear Contamination of Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Matter, Rebecca Marie
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: This thesis studies the radioactive contamination of Kazakhstan's environment, concentrating on the period between February 1989 and January 1993. For each type of nuclear degradation in Kazakhstan the thesis asks the questions: what is its cause and extent, what are its consequences for humans, and what are the human responses. The main causes of Kazakhstan's nuclear devastation are atomic weapons' tests, uranium mining, manufacturing of uranium fuel, and the operation of a fast breeder reactor power generator unit. The amount of radioactive contamination is colossal. The consequences for the health of the population, especially at Semey, are severe. The human responses have succeeded in stopping the testing, but additional steps should be taken. In the future Kazakhstan will need to deal with both the legacy it has inherited and with continuing nuclear activities--in order to save its land and people. Materials used in this study are in English or English translation.
Calculations of vacuum mean values of spinor field current and energy-momentum tensor in a constant electric background
Creators: name: Breev, A. I.
name: Gavrilov, S. P.
name: Gitman, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of strong-field QED with $x$-steps, we study vacuum mean values of the current density and energy--momentum tensor of the quantized spinor field placed in the so-called $L$-constant electric background. The latter background can be, for example, understood as the electric field confined between capacitor plates, which are separated by a sufficiently large distance $L$. First, we reveal peculiarities of nonperturbative calculating of mean values in strong-field QED with $x$-steps in general and, in the $L$-constant electric field, in particular. We propose a new renormalization and volume regularization procedures that are adequate for these calculations. We find necessary representations for singular spinor functions in the external background under consideration. With their help, we calculate the above mentioned vacuum means. In the obtained expressions, we show how to separate global contributions due to the particle creation and local ones due to the vacuum polarization. We demonstrate how these contributions can be related to the renormalized effective Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian.
description: 40 pages
Characterization of collective ground states in single-layer NbSe2
Creators: name: Ugeda, Miguel M.
name: Bradley, Aaron J.
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Onishi, Seita
name: Chen, Yi
name: Ruan, Wei
name: Ojeda-Aristizabal, Claudia
name: Ryu, Hyejin
name: Edmonds, Mark T.
name: Tsai, Hsin-Zon
name: Riss, Alexander
name: Mo, Sung-Kwan
name: Lee, Dunghai
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Hussain, Zahid
name: Shen, Zhi-Xun
name: Crommie, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal systems for exploring the effects of dimensionality on correlated electronic phases such as charge density wave (CDW) order and superconductivity. In bulk NbSe2 a CDW sets in at TCDW = 33 K and superconductivity sets in at Tc = 7.2 K. Below Tc these electronic states coexist but their microscopic formation mechanisms remain controversial. Here we present an electronic characterization study of a single 2D layer of NbSe2 by means of low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and electrical transport measurements. We demonstrate that 3x3 CDW order in NbSe2 remains intact in 2D. Superconductivity also still remains in the 2D limit, but its onset temperature is depressed to 1.9 K. Our STS measurements at 5 K reveal a CDW gap of Δ = 4 meV at the Fermi energy, which is accessible via STS due to the removal of bands crossing the Fermi level for a single layer. Our observations are consistent with the simplified (compared to bulk) electronic structure of single-layer NbSe2, thus providing new insight into CDW formation and superconductivity in this model strongly-correlated system.
description: Nature Physics (2015), DOI:10.1038/nphys3527
Anomalous transport from hot quasiparticles in interacting spin chains
Creators: name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
name: Vasseur, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experimentally relevant quantum spin chains are approximately integrable, and support long-lived quasiparticle excitations. A canonical example of integrable model of quantum magnetism is the XXZ spin chain, for which energy spreads ballistically, but, surprisingly, high-temperature spin transport can be diffusive or superdiffusive. We review the transport properties of this model using an intuitive quasiparticle picture that relies on the recently introduced framework of generalized hydrodynamics. We discuss how anomalous linear response properties emerge from hierarchies of quasiparticles both in integrable and near-integrable limits, with an emphasis on the role of hydrodynamic fluctuations. We also comment on recent developments including non-linear response, full-counting statistics and far-from-equilibrium transport. We provide an overview of recent numerical and experimental results on transport in XXZ spin chains.
description: 48 pages, 7 figures. Invited review article for Reports on Progress in Physics. Comments welcome
PloidPy: A Binomial Distribution-based Statistical Model for Ploidy Determination
Creators: name: Olayinka, Oluwatosin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Polyploidy, or the presence of more than two copies of homologous chromosomes in the genome, is a common occurrence across a wide variety of species. Knowledge of an organism’s ploidy can be useful but determination is often infeasible for certain species using standard methods such as flow cytometry or high resolution imaging. This has prompted many researchers to make use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads aligned to a reference sequence to infer ploidy, a process which allows for a greater variety of species’ ploidy levels to be assessed. Here we present a statistical model and software, PloidPy, to infer ploidy from NGS reads aligned to a haploid reference genome. The predictive power of the model in determining ploidy was assessed in simulations and species of known ploidy and was compared with nQuire, a related piece of software for ploidy evaluation. The model is a mixture model which has components and parameters that differ on a ploidy-by-ploidy basis, allowing for a comparison of different ploidy models to be made and for ploidy to be selected on the basis of a minimum Akaike information criterion value (AIC). PloidPy produced accurate results when assessing the ploidy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) individuals of differing ploidies on par with nQuire but produced mixed results when evaluating the lower coverage and high ploidy individuals the previous nQuire model was unable to evaluate. The program is written in Python and available to download on Github at https://github.com/floutt/PloidPy.
Rate of False Deferral and False Pass of Prospective Blood Donors Screened by Copper Sulphate Gravimetric Method at Hossana Blood Bank, Hossana, South Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Eshetu Guracha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Background: The primary responsibility of a blood transfusion service (BTS) is to provide a safe, sufficient and timely supply of blood and blood products so as to ensure that blood donation causes no harm to the donor. The Copper Sulphate (CuSO4) screening test has been found to erroneously include anemic people and exclude eligible people and its performance is not well studied in poor settings like Ethiopia. Objectives: To determine the rate of false deferral and false pass of prospective blood donors screened by the copper sulphate gravimetric test from April to June 2016 at Hossana blood bank, Ethiopia.. Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out from April to June 2016 in Hossana blood bank. Blood sample from 422 voluntary donors were collected and analyzed by CuSo4 gravimetric test and automated hematology analyzer (Cell-dyn 1800). The data was entered in Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 20 and interpreted accordingly. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Agreement between the two methods was determined using the Kappa coefficient.
Local thermal equilibrium for certain stochastic models of heat transport
Creators: name: Li, Yao
name: Nandori, Peter
name: Young, Lai-Sang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is about nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) of a class of stochastic models in which particles exchange energy with their "local environments" rather than directly with one another. The physical domain of the system can be a bounded region of $\mathbb R^d$ for any $d \ge 1$. We assume that the temperature at the boundary of the domain is prescribed and is nonconstant, so that the system is forced out of equilibrium. Our main result is local thermal equilibrium in the infinite volume limit. In the Hamiltonian context, this would mean that at any location $x$ in the domain, local marginal distributions of NESS tend to a probability with density $\frac{1}{Z} e^{-β(x) H}$, permitting one to define the local temperature at $x$ to be $β(x)^{-1}$. We prove also that in the infinite volume limit, the mean energy profile of NESS satisfies Laplace's equation for the prescribed boundary condition. Our method of proof is duality: by reversing the sample paths of particle movements, we convert the problem of studying local marginal energy distributions at $x$ to that of joint hitting distributions of certain random walks starting from $x$, and prove that the walks in question become increasingly independent as system size tends to infinity.
title: The Entry of the People's Republic of China Into the Korean War
Creators: name: Shen, Yueliang
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: China's entry into the Korean War in October 1950 took both its friends and foes by surprise and quickly escalated that conflict into the first major hot war since the start of the Cold War. This thesis analyzes the Chinese decision making process and the factors that led China into the Korean conflict. Official documents, statements, and speeches of American and Chinese Communist leaders between 1945 and 1950 indicate that historical mistrust and animosity, geopolitical considerations, and a breakdown of communications all contributed to the tragic showdown that caused millions of casualties. Extensively used for this study were declassified foreign policy documents, official statements and speeches, memoirs of senior government officials, as well as scholarly writings. Those sources include recent liberalized and relatively censor-free Chinese historical inquiries which give a much more factual account of China's role in the Korean War than earlier accounts.