cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quasibound States, Stability and Wave Functions of the Test Fields in the Consistent 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Vieira, H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the interaction between quantum test particles and the gravitational field generated by a black hole solution that was recently obtained in the consistent 4-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. While quasinormal modes of scalar, electromagnetic, and Dirac fields have been recently studied in this theory, there is no such study for the quasibound states. Here, we calculate the spectrum of quasibound states for the test fields in a spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black hole solution in the consistent 4-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. The quasispectrum of resonant frequencies is obtained by using the polynomial condition associated to the general Heun functions. We also discuss the stability of the systems for some values of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. Matches published version in Universe
Effects of electron coupling to intra- and inter-molecular vibrational modes on the transport properties of single crystal organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Perroni, C. A.
name: Ramaglia, V. Marigliano
name: Cataudella, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron coupling to intra- and inter-molecular vibrational modes is investigated in models appropriate to single crystal organic semiconductors, such as oligoacenes. Focus is on spectral and transport properties of these systems beyond perturbative approaches. The interplay between different couplings strongly affects the temperature band renormalization that is the result of a subtle equilibrium between opposite tendencies: band narrowing due to interaction with local modes, band widening due to electron coupling to non local modes. The model provides an accurate description of the mobility as function of temperature: indeed, it has the correct order of magnitude, at low temperatures, it scales as a power-law $T^{-δ}$ with the exponent $δ$ larger than unity, and, at high temperatures, shows an hopping behavior with a small activation energy.
description: 3 Figures, Submitted
The $\ell$-adic hypergeometric function and associators
Creators: name: Furusho, Hidekazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary11F80, Secondary 11M32, 33C05

description: We introduce an $\ell$-adic analogue of Gauss's hypergeometric function arising from the Galois action on the fundamental torsor of the projective line minus three points. Its definition is motivated by a relation between the KZ-equation and the hypergeometric differential equation in the complex case. We show two basic properties, analogues of Gauss's hypergeometric theorem and of Euler's transformation formula for our $\ell$-adic function. We prove them by detecting a connection of a certain two-by-two matrix specialization of even unitary associators with the associated gamma function, which extends the result of Ohno and Zagier.
description: 24 pages
Miszelle: Scripturae Sacrae affectus
Creators: name: Weische, Alfons
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Leistungsbewertung im Fach Latein im Distanzlernen
Creators: name: Reindl, Christian
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Abelian varieties and Riemann surfaces with generalized quaternion group action
Creators: name: Carocca, Angel
name: Reyes-Carocca, Sebastián
name: Rodríguez, Rubí E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F10, 14H37, 14H40, 30F20, 14K02, 14H30

description: In this article we consider Riemann surfaces and abelian varieties endowed with a group of automorphisms isomorphic to a generalized quaternion group. We provide isogeny decompositions of each abelian variety with this action, compute dimensions of the corresponding factors and provide conditions under which this decomposition is nontrivial. We then specialize our results to the case of Jacobians and relate them to the so-called genus-zero actions on Riemann surfaces. We also give a complete classification and description of the complex one-dimensional families of Riemann surfaces and Jacobians with a generalized quaternion group action, extending known results concerning the quasiplatonic case. Finally, we construct and describe explicit families of abelian varieties with a quaternion group action and derive a period matrix for the Jacobian of the surface with full automorphism group of second largest order among the hyperelliptic surfaces of genus four.
description: 30 pages
Interacting Three Fluid System and Thermodynamics of the Universe Bounded by the Event Horizon
Creators: name: Mazumder, Nairwita
name: Biswas, Ritabrata
name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The work deals with the thermodynamics of the universe bounded by the event horizon. The matter in the universe has three constituents namely dark energy, dark matter and radiation in nature and interaction between then is assumed. The variation of entropy of the surface of the horizon is obtained from unified first law while matter entropy variation is calculated from the Gibbss' law. Finally, validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is examined and conclusions are written point wise.
description: 7 pages
Optical spectroscopy study on CeTe$_3$: evidence for multiple charge-density-wave orders
Creators: name: Hu, B. F.
name: Zheng, P.
name: Yuan, R. H.
name: Dong, T.
name: Cheng, B.
name: Chen, Z. G.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed optical spectroscopy measurement on single crystal of CeTe$_3$, a rare-earth element tri-telluride charge density wave (CDW) compound. The optical spectra are found to display very strong temperature dependence. Besides a large and pronounced CDW energy gap being present already at room temperature as observed in earlier studies, the present measurement revealed the formation of another energy gap at smaller energy scale at low temperature. The second CDW gap removes the electrons near E$_F$ which undergo stronger scattering. The study yields evidence for the presence of multiple CDW orders or strong fluctuations in the light rare-earth element tri-telluride.
description: 5 figures
A model of interacting holographic dark energy at the Ricci's scale
Creators: name: Duran, Ivan
name: Pavon, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a holographic cosmological model in which the infrared cutoff is set by the Ricci's length and dark matter and dark energy do not evolve on their own but interact non-gravitationally with each other. This greatly alleviates the cosmic coincidence problem because the ratio between both components does not vanish at any time. We constrain the model with observational data from supernovae, cosmic background radiation, baryon acoustic oscillations, gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters, the history of the Hubble function, and the growth function.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures; key words: cosmology, dark energy, holography, observational constraints. To be published in the Physical Review D
Transfer-Recursive-Ensemble Learning for Multi-Day COVID-19 Prediction in India using Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Debasrita
name: Goswami, Debayan
name: Ghosh, Susmita
name: Ghosh, Ashish
name: Chan, Jonathan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current COVID-19 pandemic has put a huge challenge on the Indian health infrastructure. With more and more people getting affected during the second wave, the hospitals were over-burdened, running out of supplies and oxygen. In this scenario, prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases beforehand might have helped in the better utilization of limited resources and supplies. This manuscript deals with the prediction of new COVID-19 cases, new deaths and total active cases for multiple days in advance. The proposed method uses gated recurrent unit networks as the main predicting model. A study is conducted by building four models that are pre-trained on the data from four different countries (United States of America, Brazil, Spain and Bangladesh) and are fine-tuned or retrained on India's data. Since the four countries chosen have experienced different types of infection curves, the pre-training provides a transfer learning to the models incorporating diverse situations into account. Each of the four models then give a multiple days ahead predictions using recursive learning method for the Indian test data. The final prediction comes from an ensemble of the predictions of the combination of different models. This method with two countries, Spain and Brazil, is seen to achieve the best performance amongst all the combinations as well as compared to other traditional regression models.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Swaying oscillons in the signum-Gordon model
Creators: name: Arodz, H.
name: Swierczynski, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of oscillons in the (1+1)-dimensional signum-Gordon model. The oscillons periodically move to and fro in the space. They have finite total energy, finite size, and are strictly periodic in time. The corresponding solutions of the scalar field equation are explicitly constructed from the second order polynomials in the time and position coordinates.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Zum Umgang mit und Bewertung von kreativen Lernprodukten in der Praxis des Lateinunterrichts
Creators: name: Ramos Lopes, Alexander
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Catalytic advantage in Otto-like two-stroke quantum engines
Creators: name: Łobejko, Marcin
name: Biswas, Tanmoy
name: Mazurek, Paweł
name: Horodecki, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how to incorporate a catalyst to enhance the performance of a heat engine. Specifically, we analyze efficiency in one of the simplest engines models, which operates in only two strokes and comprises of a pair of two-level systems, potentially assisted by a $d$-dimensional catalyst. When no catalysis is present, the efficiency of the machine is given by the Otto efficiency. Introducing the catalyst allows for constructing a protocol which overcomes this bound, while new efficiency can be expressed in a simple form as a generalization of Otto's formula: $1 - \frac{1}{d} \frac{ω_c}{ω_h}$. The catalyst also provides a bigger operational range of parameters in which the machine works as an engine. Although an increase in engine efficiency is mostly accompanied by a decrease in work production (approaching zero as the system approaches Carnot efficiency), it can lead to a more favorable trade-off between work and efficiency. The provided example introduces new possibilities for enhancing performance of thermal machines through finite-dimensional ancillary systems.
description: 6 Pages, 7 Figures (Comments Welcome)
Proof of principle of a high-spatial-resolution, resonant-response gamma-ray detector for Gamma Resonance Absorption in 14N
Creators: name: Brandis, M.
name: Goldberg, M. B.
name: Vartsky, D.
name: Friedman, E.
name: Kreslo, I.
name: Mardor, I.
name: Dangendorf, V.
name: Levi, S.
name: Mor, I.
name: Bar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of a mm-spatial-resolution, resonant-response detector based on a micrometric glass capillary array filled with liquid scintillator is described. This detector was developed for Gamma Resonance Absorption (GRA) in 14N. GRA is an automatic-decision radiographic screening technique that combines high radiation penetration (the probe is a 9.17 MeV gamma ray) with very good sensitivity and specificity to nitrogenous explosives. Detailed simulation of the detector response to electrons and protons generated by the 9.17 MeV gamma-rays was followed by a proof-of-principle experiment, using a mixed gamma-ray and neutron source. Towards this, a prototype capillary detector was assembled, including the associated filling and readout systems. Simulations and experimental results indeed show that proton tracks are distinguishable from electron tracks at relevant energies, on the basis of a criterion that combines track length and light intensity per unit length.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures
Cyclic polygons in classical geometry
Creators: name: Guo, Ren
name: Sönmez, Nilgün
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M09, 51M10

description: Formulas about the side lengths, diagonal lengths or radius of the circumcircle of a cyclic polygon in Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic geometry or spherical geometry can be unified.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Measuring Fairness Under Unawareness of Sensitive Attributes: A Quantification-Based Approach
Creators: name: Fabris, Alessandro
name: Esuli, Andrea
name: Moreo, Alejandro
name: Sebastiani, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithms and models are increasingly deployed to inform decisions about people, inevitably affecting their lives. As a consequence, those in charge of developing these models must carefully evaluate their impact on different groups of people and favour group fairness, that is, ensure that groups determined by sensitive demographic attributes, such as race or sex, are not treated unjustly. To achieve this goal, the availability (awareness) of these demographic attributes to those evaluating the impact of these models is fundamental. Unfortunately, collecting and storing these attributes is often in conflict with industry practices and legislation on data minimisation and privacy. For this reason, it can be hard to measure the group fairness of trained models, even from within the companies developing them. In this work, we tackle the problem of measuring group fairness under unawareness of sensitive attributes, by using techniques from quantification, a supervised learning task concerned with directly providing group-level prevalence estimates (rather than individual-level class labels). We show that quantification approaches are particularly suited to tackle the fairness-under-unawareness problem, as they are robust to inevitable distribution shifts while at the same time decoupling the (desirable) objective of measuring group fairness from the (undesirable) side effect of allowing the inference of sensitive attributes of individuals. More in detail, we show that fairness under unawareness can be cast as a quantification problem and solved with proven methods from the quantification literature. We show that these methods outperform previous approaches to measure demographic parity in five experimental protocols, corresponding to important challenges that complicate the estimation of classifier fairness under unawareness.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
The sea, the ship, and I : stories, things and objects from oceanography during the Cold War
Creators: name: Ford, Denzil Lee Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This dissertation examines how and why men on oceanographic research vessels in the middle of the 20th century used storytelling as part of scientific practice. I weave scholarship on literature and science together with the history of oceanography and demonstrate that oceanographers constructed their social world through narration. To begin, I look closely at a diary, memorandum, cartoon, and motion picture and then illuminate how the process of creating these narratives formulated collaboration, persuasive strategy, friendship, and community. Each author used the process of narration to make sense of expedition life and determine how best to proceed as a member of the oceanographic community. I argue that storytelling was not merely a pastime: it formed an integral part of social functioning of science at sea. Inspired by scholarship concerned with things and objects, the study also uses the content of the stories to investigate the ways in which things and objects at sea did four actions: influenced the oceanographic gaze on the Pacific, altered the patronage relationship between oceanography and the U.S. Navy, facilitated the construction of a shipboard ecology built upon collaboration, and came to represent Scripps as the dominant creator of knowledge in the Pacific. While historians have explained how elite actors created the geopolitical arrangements that determined ocean science in this period, this project argues that non-elite scientists, graduate students, Navy crew, and medical doctors recorded everyday experiences on expeditions in stories because their contributions to shipboard life and work were also a crucial component of the development of oceanography at sea during the Cold War.
Quantum Dielectric Fluctuation in an Electronic Ferroelectricity studied by Variational Monte-Carlo Method
Creators: name: Watanabe, Tsutomu
name: Ishihara, Sumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure and dielectric property in an electronic ferroelectricty, where electric polarization is driven by an electronic charge order without inversion symmetry, are studied. Motivated from layered iron oxides, roles of quantum fluctuation on ferroelectricity in a paired-triangular lattice are focused on. Three types of the extended V-t model are examined by the variational Monte-Carlo method with the Gutzwiller-type correlation factor. It is shown that electron transfer between the triangular layers corresponding to the inter-layer polarization fluctuation promotes the three-fold charge order associated with an electric polarization. This result is in highly contrast to the usual manner of quantum fluctuation in the hydrogen-bond type ferroelectricities and the quantum paraelectric oxides. Spin degree of freedom of electron and a realistic crystal structure for the layered iron oxides further stabilize the polar charge ordered state. Implications of the numerical results for layered iron oxides are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 17 figures
Constraining the neutron-neutron scattering length with \eftnopi
Creators: name: Kirscher, Johannes
name: Phillips, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute a model-independent correlation between the difference of neutron-neutron and proton-proton scattering lengths |a(nn)-a^C(pp)| and the splitting in binding energies between Helium-3 and tritium nuclei. We use the effective field theory without explicit pions to show that this correlation relies only on the existence of large scattering lengths in the NN system. Our leading-order calculation, taken together with experimental values for binding energies and a^C(pp), yields a(nn)=-22.9 \pm 4.1 fm.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
One-transit paths and steady-state of a non-equilibrium process in a discrete-time update
Creators: name: Fayaz, Vahid
name: Jafarpour, Farhad H.
name: Masharian, Seyedeh Raziyeh
name: Zeraati, Somayeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that the partition function of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with open boundaries in a sublattice-parallel updating scheme is equal to that of a two-dimensional one-transit walk model defined on a diagonally rotated square lattice. It has been also shown that the physical quantities defined in these systems are related through a similarity transformation.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Experimental Evidence of t2g Electron-Gas Rashba Interaction Induced by Asymmetric Orbital Hybridization
Creators: name: Omar, Ganesh Ji
name: Kong, Weilong
name: Jani, Hariom
name: Li, Mengsha
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Lim, Zhi Shiuh
name: Prakash, Saurav
name: Zeng, Shengwei
name: Hooda, Sonu
name: Venkatesan, Thirumalai
name: Feng, Yuan Ping
name: Pennycook, Stephen J.
name: Lei, Shen
name: Ariando, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the control of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by tuning asymmetric hybridization between Ti-orbitals at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. This asymmetric orbital hybridization is modulated by introducing a LaFeO3 layer between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, which alters the Ti-O lattice polarization and traps interfacial charge carriers, resulting in a large Rashba spin-orbit effect at the interface in the absence of an external bias. This observation is verified through high-resolution electron microscopy, magneto-transport and first-principles calculations. Our results open hitherto unexplored avenues of controlling Rashba interaction to design next-generation spin-orbitronics.
description: Total 30 Pages and 18 figures in the main article including supplementary information
Topological Hall effect induced by chiral fluctuations in ErMn6Sn6
Creators: name: Fruhling, Kyle
name: Streeter, Alenna
name: Mardanya, Sougata
name: Wang, Xiaoping
name: Baral, Priya
name: Zaharko, Oksana
name: Mazin, Igor I.
name: Chowdhury, Sugata
name: Ratcliff, William D.
name: Tafti, Fazel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological Hall effect (THE) is a hallmark of scalar spin chirality, which is found in static skyrmion lattices. Recent theoretical works have shown that scalar spin chirality could also emerge dynamically from thermal spin fluctuations. Evidence of such a mechanism was found in the kagome magnet YMn6Sn6 where fluctuations arise from frustrated exchange interactions between Mn kagome layers. In YMn6Sn6, the rare-earth ion Y3+ is non-magnetic. When it is replaced by a magnetic ion (Gd3+-Ho3+), the intrinsically antiferromagnetic Mn-Mn interlayer coupling is overwhelmed by the indirect ferromagnetic Mn-R-Mn one, relieving frustration. This generates interesting anomalous Hall conductivity, but not THE. Here we show that Er lies in an intermediate regime where direct and indirect interactions closely compete, so that ErMn6Sn6 can switch from one regime to the other by temperature, i.e., from a collinear ferrimagnetic ground state to a spiral antiferromagnet at 78 K. The AFM phase forms a dome in the temperature-field phase diagram. Close to the boundary of this dome, we find a sizable fluctuations-driven THE, thus underscoring the universality of this chiral fluctuation mechanism for generating non-zero scalar spin chirality.
description: Main Text: 8 pages, 4 figures Supplemental: 13 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; Version 2: Reformatted and changed x-axis labels in figure 2c,e Version 3: Figure 2 split into figures 2 & 3, title changed, significant additions to text to provide more details on experimental methods and findings
Abstract Interpretation of Fixpoint Iterators with Applications to Neural Networks
Creators: name: Müller, Mark Niklas
name: Fischer, Marc
name: Staab, Robin
name: Vechev, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new abstract interpretation framework for the precise over-approximation of numerical fixpoint iterators. Our key observation is that unlike in standard abstract interpretation (AI), typically used to over-approximate all reachable program states, in this setting, one only needs to abstract the concrete fixpoints, i.e., the final program states. Our framework targets numerical fixpoint iterators with convergence and uniqueness guarantees in the concrete and is based on two major technical contributions: (i) theoretical insights which allow us to compute sound and precise fixpoint abstractions without using joins, and (ii) a new abstract domain, CH-Zonotope, which admits efficient propagation and inclusion checks while retaining high precision. We implement our framework in a tool called CRAFT and evaluate it on a novel fixpoint-based neural network architecture (monDEQ) that is particularly challenging to verify. Our extensive evaluation demonstrates that CRAFT exceeds the state-of-the-art performance in terms of speed (two orders of magnitude), scalability (one order of magnitude), and precision (25% higher certified accuracies).
description: PLDI'23: 44th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
Texterschließung in Leistungsüberprüfungen
Creators: name: Keip, Marina
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Magnetic impurity in a $U(1)$-Spin Liquid with a Spinon Fermi-Surface
Creators: name: Ribeiro, P.
name: Lee, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of a magnetic impurity in a two dimensional $U(1)$ spin liquid where the spinons have gap-less excitations near the Fermi-surface and are coupled to an emergent gap-less gauge field. Using a large N expansion we analyze the strong coupling behavior and obtain the Kondo temperature which was found to be the same as for a Fermi-liquid. In this approximation we also study the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility of the impurity. These quantities present no deviations from the Fermi-liquid ones, consistent with the notion that the magnetic impurity is only sensitive to the local density of fermionic states.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Native defects in monolayer GaS and GaSe: electrical properties and thermodynamic stability
Creators: name: Barragan-Yani, Daniel
name: Polfus, Jonathan M.
name: Wirtz, Ludger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of native defects in GaS and GaSe monolayers are investigated by means of accurate ab-initio calculations. Based on their charge transition levels we assess the influence of the studied defects on the electrical properties of the monolayers. Specifically, we show that native defects do not behave as shallow dopants and their presence cannot account for the experimentally observed intrinsic doping. In addition, we predict that native defects are efficient compensation and recombination centers. Besides pointing out their detrimental nature, we also calculate the corresponding finite temperature formation energies and provide a window of growth conditions able to reduce the concentration of all relevant native defects.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Generative Networks for Precision Enthusiasts
Creators: name: Butter, Anja
name: Heimel, Theo
name: Hummerich, Sander
name: Krebs, Tobias
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Rousselot, Armand
name: Vent, Sophia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative networks are opening new avenues in fast event generation for the LHC. We show how generative flow networks can reach percent-level precision for kinematic distributions, how they can be trained jointly with a discriminator, and how this discriminator improves the generation. Our joint training relies on a novel coupling of the two networks which does not require a Nash equilibrium. We then estimate the generation uncertainties through a Bayesian network setup and through conditional data augmentation, while the discriminator ensures that there are no systematic inconsistencies compared to the training data.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures
The random release of phosphate controls the dynamic instability of microtubules
Creators: name: Padinhateeri, Ranjith
name: Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.
name: Lacoste, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A simple stochastic model which describes microtubule dynamics and explicitly takes into account the relevant biochemical processes is presented. The model incorporates binding and unbinding of monomers and random phosphate release inside the polymer. It is shown that this theoretical approach provides a microscopic picture of the dynamic instability phenomena of microtubules. The cap size, the concentration dependence of the catastrophe times and the delay before observing catastrophes following a dilution can be quantitatively predicted by this approach in a direct and simple way. Furthermore, the model can be solved analytically to a large extend, thus offering a valuable starting point for more refined studies of microtubules dynamics.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
General-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation of seconds-long black hole-neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Hayashi, Kota
name: Fujibayashi, Sho
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
name: Kyutoku, Koutarou
name: Sekiguchi, Yuichiro
name: Shibata, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seconds-long numerical-relativity simulations for black hole-neutron star mergers are performed for the first time to obtain a self-consistent picture of the merger and post-merger evolution processes. To investigate the case that tidal disruption takes place, we choose the initial mass of the black hole to be $5.4M_\odot$ or $8.1M_\odot$ with the dimensionless spin of 0.75. The neutron-star mass is fixed to be $1.35M_\odot$. We find that after the tidal disruption, dynamical mass ejection takes place spending $\lesssim 10$ ms together with the formation of a massive accretion disk. Subsequently, the magnetic field in the disk is amplified by the magnetic winding and magnetorotational instability, establishing a turbulent state and inducing the angular momentum transport. The post-merger mass ejection by the magnetically-induced viscous effect sets in at $\sim 300$-500\,ms after the tidal disruption, at which the neutrino luminosity drops below $\sim 10^{51.5}\,{\rm erg/s}$, and continues for several hundreds ms. A magnetosphere near the rotational axis of the black hole is developed after the matter and magnetic flux fall into the black hole from the accretion disk, and high-intensity Poynting flux generation sets in at a few hundreds ms after the tidal disruption. The intensity of the Poynting flux becomes low after the significant post-merger mass ejection, because the opening angle of the magnetosphere increases. The lifetime for the stage with the strong Poynting flux is $1$-2 s, which agrees with the typical duration of short-hard gamma-ray bursts.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, and 2 tables
Fortbildung "Leistungsbewertung" des DAV NRW
Creators: name: Laumen, Britta
name: Wanders, Annika
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
N-Body Simulation of Planetesimal Formation through Gravitational Instability of a Dust Layer in Laminar Gas Disk
Creators: name: Michikoshi, Shugo
name: Kokubo, Eiichiro
name: Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation process of planetesimals from the dust layer by the gravitational instability in the gas disk using local $N$-body simulations. The gas is modeled as a background laminar flow. We study the formation process of planetesimals and its dependence on the strength of the gas drag. Our simulation results show that the formation process is divided into three stages qualitatively: the formation of wake-like density structures, the creation of planetesimal seeds, and their collisional growth. The linear analysis of the dissipative gravitational instability shows that the dust layer is secularly unstable although Toomre's $Q$ value is larger than unity. However, in the initial stage, the growth time of the gravitational instability is longer than that of the dust sedimentation and the decrease in the velocity dispersion. Thus, the velocity dispersion decreases and the disk shrinks vertically. As the velocity dispersion becomes sufficiently small, the gravitational instability finally becomes dominant. Then wake-like density structures are formed by the gravitational instability. These structures fragment into planetesimal seeds. The seeds grow rapidly owing to mutual collisions.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Leistungsbewertung als Teil der ersten Phase der Lehrer*innenbildung
Creators: name: Nickel, Johanna
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
FIXP-membership via Convex Optimization: Games, Cakes, and Markets
Creators: name: Filos-Ratsikas, Aris
name: Hansen, Kristoffer Arnsfelt
name: Høgh, Kasper
name: Hollender, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new technique for proving membership of problems in FIXP - the class capturing the complexity of computing a fixed-point of an algebraic circuit. Our technique constructs a "pseudogate" which can be used as a black box when building FIXP circuits. This pseudogate, which we term the "OPT-gate", can solve most convex optimization problems. Using the OPT-gate, we prove new FIXP-membership results, and we generalize and simplify several known results from the literature on fair division, game theory and competitive markets. In particular, we prove complexity results for two classic problems: computing a market equilibrium in the Arrow-Debreu model with general concave utilities is in FIXP, and computing an envy-free division of a cake with very general valuations is FIXP-complete. We further showcase the wide applicability of our technique, by using it to obtain simplified proofs and extensions of known FIXP-membership results for equilibrium computation for various types of strategic games, as well as the pseudomarket mechanism of Hylland and Zeckhauser.
description: Journal version. Preliminary version appeared at FOCS '21
Additional file 3 of CircGNB1 facilitates the malignant phenotype of GSCs by regulating miR-515-5p/miR-582-3p-XPR1 axis
Creators: name: Hu, Jinpeng
name: Zhang, Guoqing
name: Wang, Yongfeng
name: Xu, Kai
name: Chen, Lian
name: Luo, Gang
name: Xu, Jinkun
name: Li, Hao
name: Pei, Dongmei
name: Zhao, Xiang
name: Guo, Zhengting
name: Li, Xinqiao
name: Zong, Shengliang
name: Jiang, Yang
name: Jing, Zhitao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Fig. S3: The expression of other five target genes after specific treatment. The qRT-PCR experiments showed that the expression of UBE2H was increased after miR-515-5p inhibitor treatment (a), whereas reduced by miR-582-3p mimic treatment (b). The expression of STRN was increased after miR-582-3p inhibitor treatment (c), whereas reduced by miR-582-3p mimic treatment (d).
Rabi-Josephson oscillations and self-trapped dynamics in atomic junctions with two bosonic species
Creators: name: Mazzarella, G.
name: Malomed, B.
name: Salasnich, L.
name: Salerno, M.
name: Toigo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), composed of atoms in two distinct hyperfine states, which are linearly coupled by two-photon Raman transitions. The condensate is loaded into a double-well potential (DWP). A variety of dynamical behaviors, ranging from regular Josephson oscillations, to mixed Rabi-Josephson oscillations and to regimes featuring an increasing complexity, are described in terms of a reduced Hamiltonian system with four degrees of freedoms, which are the numbers of atoms in each component in the left and right potential wells, whose canonically conjugate variables are phases of the corresponding wave functions. Using the system with the four degrees of freedom, we study the dynamics of fractional imbalances of the two bosonic components, and compare the results to direct simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs) describing the bosonic mixture. We perform this analysis when the fractional imbalance oscillates around a zero-time averaged value and in the self-trapping regime as well.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys
Additional file 1: of A Facile Method for Preparation of Cu2O-TiO2 NTA Heterojunction with Visible-Photocatalytic Activity
Creators: name: Liao, Yulong
name: Deng, Peng
name: Wang, Xiaoyi
name: Zhang, Dainan
name: Li, Faming
name: Yang, Qinghui
name: Zhang, Huaiwu
name: Zhong, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The experimental details of preparing the Cu2O-TiO2 samples and further characterization results of Raman spectra and XRD patterns are provided as the supplemental information to support the discussion. (DOCX 2387Â kb)
Interview zum Umgang der Fachkonferenz Latein der Hildegardis-Schule Bochum mit dem neuen KLP Latein Sek I NRW
Creators: name: Aretz, Susanne
name: Kurczyk, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
"Heute schreiben wir eine Klassenarbeit in Latein!"
Creators: name: Keip, Marina
name: Kurczyk, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Einleitung und Vorwort. Inhaltsverzeichnis
Creators: name: Aretz, Susanne
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2021

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2021): Leistungsbewertung
Investigation of fluorescence versus transmission readout for three-photon Rydberg excitation used in electrometry
Creators: name: Prajapati, Nikunjkumar
name: Berweger, Samuel
name: Rotunno, Andrew P.
name: Artusio-Glimpse, Alexandra B.
name: Schlossberger, Noah
name: Shylla, Dangka
name: Watterson, William J.
name: Simons, Matthew T.
name: LaMantia, David
name: Norrgard, Eric B.
name: Eckel, Stephen P.
name: Holloway, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a three-photon based fluorescence readout method where the strength of the fluorescence scales with the strength of the radio-frequency (RF) field being applied. We compare this method to conventional three-photon electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA). Our demonstrated EIA/EIT sensitivity in the collinear three-photon Cesium system is the best reported to date at roughly 30 uVm^{-1}Hz^{-1/2}. The fluorescence is nearly 4 fold better in sensitivity compared to EIA/EIT readout.
description: 9 figure, quantum optics, rydberg electrometry
Second-virial theory for shape-persistent living polymers templated by discs
Creators: name: Lázaro, Marina Torres
name: Aliabadi, Roohollah
name: Wensink, Henricus H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Living polymers composed of non-covalently bonded building blocks with weak backbone flexibility may self-assemble into thermoresponsive lyotropic liquid crystals. We demonstrate that the reversible polymer assembly and phase behavior can be controlled by the addition of (non-adsorbing) rigid colloidal discs which act as an entropic reorienting ``template" onto the supramolecular polymers. Using a particle-based second-virial theory that correlates the various entropies associated with the polymers and discs, we demonstrate that small fractions of discotic additives promote the formation of a polymer nematic phase. At larger disc concentrations, however, the phase is disrupted by collective disc alignment in favor of a discotic nematic fluid in which the polymers are dispersed anti-nematically. We show that the anti-nematic arrangement of the polymers generates a non-exponential molecular-weight distribution and stimulates the formation of oligomeric species. At sufficient concentrations the discs facilitate a liquid-liquid phase separation which can be brought into simultaneously coexistence with the two fractionated nematic phases, providing evidence for a four-fluid coexistence in reversible shape-dissimilar hard-core mixtures without cohesive interparticle forces. We stipulate the conditions under which such a phenomenon could be found in experiment.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
On the influence of effective stress and micro-structure on suffusion and suffosion
Creators: name: Slangen, Paul Herman Henricus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The research presented within this thesis covers the development of a flexible wall permeameter, and a parametric laboratory investigation of the factors influencing seepage-induced internal instability in gap-graded granular materials. A flexible wall permeameter comprising a double-walled triaxial cell, a seepage control system, and instrumentation, with a novel measurement of volume change, has been designed and built. The apparatus was successfully commissioned and the test procedure demonstrated to yield repeatable results. Two commissioning tests, 23 tests on eight glass beads gradations and 16 tests on ten soil gradations were conducted. All gap-graded gradations were reconstituted using the modified slurry deposition method, isotropically consolidated to a cell pressure between 50 and 150 kPa, and subsequently subject to upward multi-stage seepage flow. Analysis of the test results identifies two distinct seepage-induced internal instability phenomena. First, migration of fine particles from a soil, termed suffusion, is characterised by a mass loss without change in volume, or with a small non-progressive change in volume, accompanied by an increase of hydraulic conductivity. Second, local or overall collapse of the soil structure, termed suffosion, is characterised by a seepage-induced mass loss, accompanied by a reduction in volume and a change in hydraulic conductivity. It is demonstrated that measurement of total volume change is necessary to avoid any mis-interpretation of the phenomenological response to seepage flow. It was found that the differential pore water pressure at the onset of suffosion increases with increasing mean effective stress. The micro-structure of the specimen was found to influence the susceptibility to seepage-induced internal instability: the portion of non-load bearing fine particles appears a useful parameter to quantify the potential for suffusion, whereas the proposed state parameters are predictors of the relative susceptibility to suffosion. Although particle shape does not affect the suffusive response in a transitional clast-supported micro-structure, sub-angular particles are found to yield a transitional micro-structure that is more resistant to suffosion than a similar micro-structure of spherical particles. A unified approach is presented to characterise suffosion.
Unlocking the general relationship between energy and entanglement spectra via the wormhole effect
Creators: name: Yan, Zheng
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the path integral formulation of the reduced density matrix, we develop a scheme to overcome the exponential growth of computational complexity in reliably extracting low-lying entanglement spectrum from quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We test the method on the Heisenberg spin ladder with long entangled boundary between two chains and the results support the Li and Haldane's conjecture on entanglement spectrum of topological phase. We then explain the conjecture via the wormhole effect in the path integral and show that it can be further generalized for systems beyond gapped topological phases. Our further simulation results on the bilayer antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with 2D entangled boundary across the $(2+1)$D O(3) quantum phase transition clearly demonstrate the correctness of the wormhole picture. Finally, we state that since the wormhole effect amplifies the bulk energy gap by a factor of $β$, the relative strength of that with respect to the edge energy gap will determine the behavior of low-lying entanglement spectrum of the system.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures