cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the frobenius morphism and mori theory
Creators: name: Witaszek, Jakub
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This dissertation explores the interplay between the Frobenius morphism and the geometry of algebraic varieties. Firstly, it partakes in the development of the positive characteristic Minimal Model Program, with the outcomes of this part comprising: a counterexample to a question posed by Patakfalvi, Schwede, and Tucker on global F-regularity of log Fano varieties, the establishment of new vanishing results on log del Pezzo surfaces, the proof of rationality of Kawamata log terminal three-dimensional singularities in high characteristic, the development of a partial canonical bundle formula with applications to log abundance and low characteristic birational geometry. Secondly, this thesis contains a study of liftings of the Frobenius morphism and their relation to some classical problems in complex geometry. In particular, a conjecture of Buch, Thomsen, Lauritzen, and Mehta is solved, and Winkelmann’s theorem is generalised to positive characteristic.
Intraoperative imaging and tool tracking for robotic surgery
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Minimally invasive laparoscopic interventions, despite being widely used within different disciplines of surgical oncology, are restricted by several factors including limited contact sensing and haptic feedback, a loss of stereoscopic depth perception, indirect camera navigation and reduced dexterity. The development of robotic systems in recent years has aimed to address these limitations by adding force-sensing capabilities to the instruments, providing a stereo camera with a robotic holder, and increasing the degree of freedom in the instruments. However, most of the systems only allow teleoperation where the robot directly duplicates the surgeon’s motions without any level of autonomy. Despite their increasing application, many robotic systems have been designed without taking full advantage of new imaging techniques that can assist surgical diagnosis and planning via multi-scale anatomical and pathological information. Existing studies on the integration of imaging techniques into intraoperative guidance have demonstrated promising outcomes in terms of improved surgical precision, reduced tumour margins, better nerve-sparing results and an improved consistency of treatment. This research proposes a framework for the automated scanning of various imaging modalities including endomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography and ultrasound. The scanning results are fused with the endoscopic view to provide a clear and intuitive visualisation for the surgeon, aimed at assisting surgical planning. To facilitate the automation of the scanning task via visual servoing, real-time vision-based tracking methods for surgical instruments have been developed. Furthermore, dynamic surgical environments, such as tissue motion, are considered in the autonomous scanning framework, by estimating the motion characteristics and adapting the motion during the scanning task. The results provide valuable insights into improving surgical diagnosis and navigation for image-guided robotic surgery in the form of autonomous robotics, and motivate the development of autonomous systems for surgical tasks, while reducing the cognitive workload of the surgeon.
UD-based pairwise and MIMO Kalman-like filtering for estimation of econometric model structures
Creators: name: Kulikova, Maria V.
name: Tsyganova, Julia V.
name: Kulikov, Gennady Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the modern research lines in econometrics studies focuses on translating a wide variety of structural econometric models into their state-space form, which allows for efficient unknown dynamic system state and parameter estimations by the Kalman filtering scheme. The mentioned trend yields advanced state-space model structures, which demand innovative estimation techniques driven by application requirements to be devised. This paper explores both the linear time-invariant multiple-input, multiple-output system (LTI MIMO) and the pairwise Markov model (PMM) with the related pairwise Kalman filter (PKF). In particular, we design robust gradient-based adaptive Kalman-like filtering methods for the simultaneous state and parameter estimation in the outlined model structures. Our methods are fast and accurate because their analytically computed gradient is utilized in the calculation instead of its numerical approximation. Also, these employ the numerically robust $UDU^\top$-factorization-based Kalman filter implementation, which is reliable in practice. Our novel techniques are examined on numerical examples and used for treating one stochastic model in econometrics.
Extreme Primordial Star Formation Enabled by High Redshift Quasars
Creators: name: Johnson, Jarrett L.
name: Aykutalp, Aycin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High redshift quasars emit copious X-ray photons which heat the intergalactic medium to temperatures up to $\sim$ 10$^6$ K. At such high temperatures the primordial gas will not form stars until it is assembled into dark matter haloes with masses of up to $\sim$ 10$^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$, at which point the hot gas collapses and cools under the influence of gravity. Once this occurs, there is a massive reservoir of primordial gas from which stars can form, potentially setting the stage for the brightest Population (Pop) III starbursts in the early Universe. Supporting this scenario, recent observations of quasars at z $\sim$ 6 have revealed a lack of accompanying Lyman $α$ emitting galaxies, consistent with suppression of primordial star formation in haloes with masses below $\sim$ 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$. Here we model the chemical and thermal evolution of the primordial gas as it collapses into such a massive halo irradiated by a nearby quasar in the run-up to a massive Pop III starburst. We find that within $\sim$ 100 kpc of the highest redshift quasars discovered to date the Lyman-Werner flux produced in the quasar host galaxy may be high enough to stimulate the formation of a direct collapse black hole (DCBH). A survey with single pointings of the NIRCam instrument at individual known high-z quasars may be a promising strategy for finding Pop III stars and DCBHs with the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; ApJ in press
Modelling the depth-dependent permeability barrier of the skin
Creators: name: Van Logtestijn, Mark Daniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In the upper layers of our skin, the stratum corneum and the tight junctions in the stratum granulosum form permeability barriers which prevent dehydration and protect against external pathogens. The onset and deterioration of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, are often caused or accompanied by barrier defects due to dysregulation of barrier homeostasis. As the cells constantly move up through the epidermis, several depth-dependent processes control the maintenance of the tight junction barrier during turnover, and induce the building, maintenance and degradation of the stratum corneum barrier. An understanding of these depth-dependent processes is required to study barrier homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions. Adopting a modelling approach to integrate and compare available experimental data, a compartmental model of the stratum corneum is developed to characterise and visualise the resistance to water diffusion along its depth. The resulting resistance profiles, obtained from non-invasive confocal Raman spectroscopy and trans-epidermal water loss data, demonstrate a depth-dependent permeability barrier in the stratum corneum. Combined with models of barrier components and regulation of desquamation, the resistance profiles form a framework for studying stratum corneum barrier homeostasis. The selective permeability of the single-layered tight junction barrier is important in conserving specific environments on both sides of the barrier, which induce keratinocyte differentiation. In order to maintain its barrier function, the tight junctions have to be replaced continually while keratinocytes transition the barrier. Our 3D model of the stratum granulosum simulates the proposed mechanisms of barrier transition, and identifies how the temporal coordination of the transition ensures a constant barrier function. This thesis demonstrates how depth-dependent processes contribute to the regulation of both epidermal barriers in a continuously self-renewing tissue.
Composite luminosity function of cluster galaxies
Creators: name: Garilli, Bianca
name: Maccagni, Dario
name: Andreon, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constructed the composite Luminosity Function (LF) of cluster galaxies in the g,r and i bands from the photometry of a mixed (Abell and X-ray selected) sample of the cores of 65 clusters, ranging in redshift from 0.05 to 0.25. The composite LF has been obtained from complete samples of ~2200 galaxies in the magnitude range -23
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Developing Autonomous Robot-Mediated Behavior Coaching Sessions with Haru
Creators: name: Jelínek, Matouš
name: Nichols, Eric
name: Gomez, Randy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study presents an empirical investigation into the design and impact of autonomous dialogues in human-robot interaction for behavior change coaching. We focus on the use of Haru, a tabletop social robot, and explore the implementation of the Tiny Habits method for fostering positive behavior change. The core of our study lies in developing a fully autonomous dialogue system that maximizes Haru's emotional expressiveness and unique personality. Our methodology involved iterative design and extensive testing of the dialogue system, ensuring it effectively embodied the principles of the Tiny Habits method while also incorporating strategies for trust-raising and trust-dampening. The effectiveness of the final version of the dialogue was evaluated in an experimental study with human participants (N=12). The results indicated a significant improvement in perceptions of Haru's liveliness, interactivity, and neutrality. Additionally, our study contributes to the broader understanding of dialogue design in social robotics, offering practical insights for future developments in the field.
description: Accepted as Late Breaking Report (LBR) at the 19th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI '24)
Tetrao tetrix Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Tetrao
Tetrao tetrix

description: Tetrao tetrix [spec. nov.]
T. pedibus hirsutis, cauda bifurcata, remigibus secundariis basin versus albis. Fn. svec. 168.
Tetrao s. Urogallus minor. Gesn. av. 494. Aldr. orn. l. c. 7. Will. orn. 124. t. 31. Raj. av. 53. Alb. av. 1. p. 22. t. 22.
Habitat in Europae frigidae Ericetis, Betuletis.
Exaestuat in campis obmurmurans erecta cauda tumidisque superciliis, sibilo efflans; hieme saepe nive sepelitur; ova excludens odore privatur.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 159, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Ain't Misbehavin' -- Using LLMs to Generate Expressive Robot Behavior in Conversations with the Tabletop Robot Haru
Creators: name: Wang, Zining
name: Reisert, Paul
name: Nichols, Eric
name: Gomez, Randy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social robots aim to establish long-term bonds with humans through engaging conversation. However, traditional conversational approaches, reliant on scripted interactions, often fall short in maintaining engaging conversations. This paper addresses this limitation by integrating large language models (LLMs) into social robots to achieve more dynamic and expressive conversations. We introduce a fully-automated conversation system that leverages LLMs to generate robot responses with expressive behaviors, congruent with the robot's personality. We incorporate robot behavior with two modalities: 1) a text-to-speech (TTS) engine capable of various delivery styles, and 2) a library of physical actions for the robot. We develop a custom, state-of-the-art emotion recognition model to dynamically select the robot's tone of voice and utilize emojis from LLM output as cues for generating robot actions. A demo of our system is available here. To illuminate design and implementation issues, we conduct a pilot study where volunteers chat with a social robot using our proposed system, and we analyze their feedback, conducting a rigorous error analysis of chat transcripts. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with participants commenting on the robot's empathy, helpfulness, naturalness, and entertainment. Most negative feedback was due to automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors which had limited impact on conversations. However, we observed a small class of errors, such as the LLM repeating itself or hallucinating fictitious information and human responses, that have the potential to derail conversations, raising important issues for LLM application.
description: Accepted as Late Breaking Report (LBR) at the 19th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI '24)
Development of spatially – resolved lipidomic methods for cancer diagnostics
Creators: name: Doria, Maria Luísa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women, with a great demand for the development of diagnostics towards improved performance, shorter turnaround time and lower costs. Lipids represent an important class of biomolecules with a unique but nevertheless poorly understood role in cancer pathophysiology. DESI-MSI (Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric imaging) is an emerging mass spectrometric technique with great potential in cancer diagnostics and prognostics, giving spatially resolved profiling information. These techniques provide information on the metabolic and lipidomic profile of tissues, giving insight into tumour systems biochemistry. The hypothesis of this study is that spatially resolved molecular phenotypes (i.e. distribution of lipid species in the tissue) measured by modern mass spectrometry technologies can capture systems biochemistry in different subtypes of ovarian cancer. To validate this hypothesis epithelial ovarian carcinoma samples (with a total of 112 samples including different epithelial ovarian carcinomas and healthy ovary) were analysed by DESI - MSI. With the histologically resolved lipidomic information given by DESI, multivariate statistical analysis was performed. The analysis of the spectral content revealed changes in the relative abundance of different classes of phospholipids as well as changes inside the class related to the fatty acid composition of these lipid species. A semi-targeted LC-MS method for phospholipids and sphingolipids was developed to be used for the analysis of the ovarian sample set in order to refine the findings of the DESI-MSI study. The DESI stage was also coupled with a triple quadrupole to optimize a targeted analysis with spatial information. In conclusion DESI MS was successfully used to analyse the lipidome of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. This analysis allowed us to better characterise the metabolic variations within and between histological groups and possibly the beginning of a new tool for a more precise epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0256v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0256v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0256v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Tetrao canadensis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Tetrao
Tetrao canadensis

description: Tetrao canadensis [spec. nov.]
T. pedibus hirsutis, rectricibus nigris apice fulvis, lituris duabus albis ad oculos.
Urogallus maculatus canadensis. Edw. av. 118. t. 118. mas. & 71. t. 71. femina.
Habitat in Canada.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 159, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Molecular design, process design and process synthesis of separation systems
Creators: name: Gopinath, Smitha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The simultaneous solution of the optimal process variables and optimal processing materials for a separation system is considered in this work. The processing materials (or molecules) may include, amongst others, reaction medium solvents, catalysts and mass separating agents. In this thesis, the processing materials to be designed are restricted to pure component solvents that act as mass separating agents. The design of fluid-fluid separation systems at steady state is considered in this work. In the first part of the thesis, the process topology is fixed and the process variables are continuous whereas the molecular variables, used to describe the solvent, are discrete. The computer aided molecular and process design problem (CAMPD) is a challenging mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). A deterministic optimization algorithm tailored to the CAMPD of separation systems is proposed. Novel tests are embedded within an iterative MINLP solution framework. The tests may eliminate infeasible regions of both the molecular and process domain. The algorithm is applied to a case study of separation of carbon dioxide and methane. In the second part of the thesis, the scenario where the process variables are both continuous and discrete is considered. Chemical process synthesis is the activity of determining the optimal process units and their connectivity in a process. Process synthesis is a highly combinatorial problem which is challenging, even with fixed material decisions. A formulation for process synthesis problems is presented which addresses numerical singularities that are encountered when a process unit is not selected. The computer aided molecular and process synthesis (CAMPS) problem is considered next where the degrees of freedom include material and process synthesis decisions. An algorithm for CAMPS is developed by extending the CAMPD algorithm. A CAMPS case study of separation of butanol and water is modelled using the process synthesis formulation developed in this thesis. The tests can eliminate infeasible portions of the molecular domain and both continuous and discrete process domains. Both the CAMPD and CAMPS algorithms proposed here avert evaluations of infeasible primal problems and enhance convergence to solutions of challenging design problems.
Studies of shock compression at the mesoscale with synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast radiography
Creators: name: Rutherford, Michael Eric
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Shock compression causes a nearly discontinuous change in thermodynamic conditions within a system, subjecting the shocked material to extremes of pressure, temperature and density. It is therefore a powerful tool with which to explore the high pressure-temperate states of matter found in aerospace, planetary, defence and nuclear fusion scenarios, and understand the fundamentals of mechanical deformation. This Thesis focuses on the development and application of a high spatial and high temporal resolution X-ray radiography diagnostic for the study of shock-compressed materials, which overcomes many of the existing limitations of surface-based diagnostics that the field has traditionally relied upon. The novel X-ray radiography method was used to directly probe dynamic granular compaction as it evolved from the mesoscale towards the macroscale in three granular systems, which were analogous to precursor chondritic asteroid material. Direct measurements of a normal distribution of shock wave positions and velocities, wavefront thickness and dispersion, and spatially-resolved mass density were made on the powder systems, many of which were quantities that could only be previously probed numerically or at the material surface. Indeed, the measurements made in this study represent the first direct, sub-surface measurements of high strain-rate granular compaction at the mesoscale. Experiments were supported by non-destructive sample characterisation using high-resolution X-ray tomography, which, for the first time, allowed dynamic results to be evaluated in light of a three-dimensional characterisation of that powder volume. A quantitative X-ray absorption model was also developed, which facilitated density measurements and an evaluation of the sensitivity of the radiographic method to shock-induced density changes. The work presented in this Thesis represents a step-change in the way granular materials may be studied under high strain-rate loading and demonstrates the capabilities of a novel X-ray radiography method that complements a growing number of existing methodologies in the field.
Additional file 3: of Genomic analysis of transcriptional networks directing progression of cell states during MGE development
Creators: name: Sandberg, Magnus
name: Taher, Leila
name: Jianxin Hu
name: Black, Brian
name: Nord, Alex
name: Rubenstein, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: DNA sequences of hs623KO founder mice. DNA sequence of the modified hs623 locus in the five founder mice carrying the hs623 deletion. (PDF 65 kb)
B2045+265: A New Four-Image Gravitational Lens from CLASS
Creators: name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Blandford, R. D.
name: Cohen, J. G.
name: Matthews, K.
name: Pearson, T. J.
name: Readhead, A. C. S.
name: Womble, D. S.
name: Myers, S. T.
name: Browne, I. W. A.
name: Jackson, N. J.
name: Marlow, D. R.
name: Wilkinson, P. N.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: de Bruyn, A. G.
name: Schilizzi, R. T.
name: Bremer, M.
name: Miley, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a new gravitational lens in the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS). B2045+265 is a four-image system with a maximum separation of 1.9 arcsec. A fifth radio component is detected, but its radio spectrum and its positional coincidence with infrared emission from the lensing galaxy strongly suggests that it is the radio core of the lensing galaxy. This implies that the B2045+265 system consists of a flat-spectrum radio source being lensed by another flat-spectrum radio source. Infrared images detect the lensed images of the background source and the lensing galaxy. The lensed images have relative positions and flux densities that are consistent with those seen at radio wavelengths. Spectra of the system reveal a lens redshift of z_l=0.8673 and a source redshift of z_s=1.28. The image splitting and system redshifts imply that the projected mass inside the Einstein radius of the lensing galaxy is M_E=4.7x10^{11} h^{-1} M_sun. An estimate of the light emitted inside the Einstein radius gives a mass-to-light ratio in the rest frame B band of (M/L_B)_E = 20 h (M/L_B)_sun. Both the mass and mass-to-light ratio are higher than what is seen in nearby Sa galaxies. In fact, the implied rotation velocity for the lensing galaxy is two to three times higher than what is seen in nearby spirals. The large projected mass inside the Einstein ring radius may be the result of a significant amount of dark matter in the system, perhaps from a compact group of galaxies; however, it may also arise from a misidentification of the source redshift. A simple model of the gravitational potential of the lens reproduces the image positions well, but further modeling is required to satisfy the constraints from the image flux density ratios. With further observations and modeling, this lens may yield an estimate of H_0.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal (Feb 1999)
Precambrian lithospheric structure and evolution: evidence from broadband seismology in Eastern Canada
Creators: name: Petrescu, Laura
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The thick and seismically fast Precambrian continental remnants (cratons) provide fundamental clues about the tectonic processes that operated on the early Earth. Eastern Canada is a natural laboratory to study such processes: its geological record spans more than 3 Ga of Earth history, including the assembly of the largest Archean craton in the world, the Superior craton, which is surrounded by global scale Proterozoic and Phanerozoic orogenic belts. To investigate the crustal and lithospheric structure of eastern Canada, earthquake data recorded at a new broadband seismic network were analysed, in conjunction with other permanent and temporary networks. The QM-III (Quebec-Maine Across Three Sutures) network was deployed across the main tectonic boundaries in eastern Canada, extending from Hudson Bay to the Atlantic Ocean. Using Hk stacking and probabilistic inversion of receiver functions, bulk crustal composition (Vp/Vs ratio), crustal thickness and shear wavespeed (Vs) were estimated beneath seismic stations. Post- Archean crust is thicker ( ~40 km), faster (dVs ~ 0.2 km/s), more heterogenous and more ma c (Vp/Vs ~1.76), suggesting increased crustal growth efficiency, possibly stimulated by mafic underplating. Lack of correlation between Moho topography, elevation and gravity anomalies in Proterozoic terranes indicate isostatic imbalance, best explained by strong mantle buoyant support. An anisotropic seismic model of the Precambrian lithosphere was constructed using fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Phase velocity heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy patterns reveal multiple lithospheric layers within the Superior craton, with distinct tectonic origins. The upper lithosphere is seismically fast ( ~2%) and preserves Archean fossil anisotropy ( ~1%), implying that plate-scale deformation occured during the Archean. This layer partially extends beneath the adjacent Proterozoic belt and survived subsequent metasomatism. The lower lithosphere is fast ( ~2%), more homogenous and weakly anisotropic (<0.5%), documenting post assembly lithospheric growth in a slow convection regime. Cratonization processes may be episodic and are not exclusively an Archean phenomenon.
Nonlinear dynamics of jointed structures: a multiscale approach to predict fretting wear and its effects on the dynamic response
Creators: name: Armand, Jason
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Accurate prediction of the vibration response of friction joints is of great importance when estimating both the performance and the life of built-up structures. The relative motion at the frictional interfaces can lead to a highly nonlinear dynamic response and cause fretting wear at the contact. The latter, by changing the contact surface geometry, affects the contact conditions of the interface and consequently impacts the nonlinear dynamic response of the entire assembly, which today is ignored in the analysis. To address the above issue, a novel multiscale approach that incorporates wear into the nonlinear dynamic analysis is presented. A contact solver, based on boundary integral equations, is implemented to compute local contact stresses and stiffness which, in combination with an energy wear approach, allow to compute fretting wear at the contact interface. The nonlinear dynamic response of the whole system is computed using a multi-harmonic balance approach and a continued iteration between the contact and nonlinear dynamic solvers allows the prediction of the nonlinear dynamic response over time. After describing its implementation in detail, the contact solver results are fully verified against a range of test cases for which an analytical solution is available. A comparison against finite element simulations demonstrates the accuracy and computational benefits of the implemented solver. The limitations of the solver due to its underlying half-space assumption are also discussed. The proposed multiscale approach is applied to an underplatform damper-blade system. A significant impact of fretting wear on the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the blade-damper system is observed, highlighting the sensitivity of the nonlinear dynamic response to changes at the contact interface due to wear. A strong effect of rough interfaces on the wear rate and the resulting interface parameters was also discovered, making them a crucial component for nonlinear dynamic response predictions over time.
Additional file 1: of Effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneously three times weekly on clinical and radiological measures and no evidence of disease activity status in patients with relapsingâ remitting multiple sclerosis at year 1
Creators: name: Traboulsee, Anthony
name: Li, David
name: Cascione, Mark
name: Juanzhi Fang
name: Dangond, Fernando
name: Miller, Aaron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of patients in the PRISMS-2 study (adapted from PRISMS Study Group. Lancet. 1998;352:1498â 504). (DOCX 15 kb)
Toward Humanity-Centered Design without Hubris
Creators: name: Gorichanaz, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humanity-centered design is a concept of emerging interest in HCI, one motivated by the limitations of human-centered design. As discussed to date, humanity-centered design is compatible with but goes beyond human-centered design in that it considers entire ecosystems and populations over the long term and centers participatory design. Though the intentions of humanity-centered design are laudable, current articulations of humanity-centered design are incoherent in a number of ways, leading to questions of how exactly it can or should be implemented. In this article, I delineate four ways in which humanity-centered design is incoherent, which can be boiled down to a tendency toward hubris, and propose a more fruitful way forward, a humble approach to humanity-centered design. Rather than a contradiction in terms, "humility" here refers to an organic, piecemeal, patterns-based approach to design that will be good for our being on this earth.
description: Paper for the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, in the alt.chi session; see "CHI EA '24: Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems" (May 2024)
Tetrao lagopus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Tetrao
Tetrao lagopus

description: Tetrao lagopus [spec. nov.]
T. pedibus lanatis, remigibus albis, rectricibus nigris apice albis: intermediis totis albis.
Tetrao rectricibus albis: intermediis nigris apice albis. Fn. svec. 169.
Lagopus. Gesn. av. 577. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 21. Will. orn. 127. t. 32. Raj. av. 55. Edw. av. 72. t. 72.
Habitat in Europae alpinis, ex Betula nana victitans.
Pedibus lanatis leporis; hyeme albus exceptis rectricibus, sub nive saepius cuniculos agens; in sylvis loquax cachinnis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Cassini Ring Seismology as a Probe of Saturn's Interior I: Rigid Rotation
Creators: name: Mankovich, Christopher
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Movshovitz, Naor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seismology of the gas giants holds the potential to resolve long-standing questions about their internal structure and rotation state. We construct a family of Saturn interior models constrained by the gravity field and compute their adiabatic mode eigenfrequencies and corresponding Lindblad and vertical resonances in Saturn's C ring, where more than twenty waves with pattern speeds faster than the ring mean motion have been detected and characterized using high-resolution Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) stellar occultation data. We present identifications of the fundamental modes of Saturn that appear to be the origin of these observed ring waves, and use their observed pattern speeds and azimuthal wavenumbers to estimate the bulk rotation period of Saturn's interior to be $10{\rm h}\, 33{\rm m}\, 38{\rm s}^{+1{\rm m}\, 52{\rm s}}_{-1{\rm m}\, 19{\rm s}}$ (median and 5%/95% quantiles), significantly faster than Voyager and Cassini measurements of periods in Saturn's kilometric radiation, the traditional proxy for Saturn's bulk rotation period. The global fit does not exhibit any clear systematics indicating strong differential rotation in Saturn's outer envelope.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted to ApJ; a bug fix improves the fit, predicts faster bulk spin periods (Figure 4) and virtually eliminates evidence for strong radial differential rotation (Figure 5)
Epigenetic control of transcription in the African Trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei
Creators: name: Kerry, Louise Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Trypanosoma brucei relies on an essential Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat for survival in the mammalian bloodstream. A single VSG gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) in a strictly monoallelic fashion from one of multiple telomeric VSG expression sites (ES). The epigenetic mechanisms that maintain monoallelic expression of a single VSG remain unclear. The goal of this research was to advance our understanding of the epigenetic factors that contribute to regulation of Pol I transcription in T. brucei and to evaluate epigenetic drug targets as novel anti-parasitic agents. The distribution of the histone H3K4me3 modification at Pol I transcribed loci was determined by ChIP-qPCR. The H3K4me3 modification was not enriched within the VSG ESs or the Pol I rDNA transcription unit, suggesting that this modification does not correlate with active Pol I promoters, as is the case in higher eukaryotes. ChIP-qPCR was also used to ascertain the epigenetic state of the pre-active ESs present in T. brucei DDR cells that express two VSGs from two active ESs. Characterisation of the DDR parasites showed that both ESs appear to be in a pre-active state, and that the singularity of expression site body contributes to monoallelic expression of the VSG genes. As VSG ESs are appealing targets for anti-trypanosomal chemotherapies, I evaluated the potential of histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HKMTI) and Pol I inhibitors as novel trypanocidal agents. The HKMTI and Pol I inhibitors cause parasite cell death in a time- and dose-dependant manner with favourable selectivity compared with mammalian cells. The Pol I inhibitors are toxic to trypanosomes as a result of specifically blocking T. brucei Pol I transcription. Whereas, cell death in the HKMTI treated parasites appears to be due to off-target effects. Ultimately, this research could contribute to the development of novel treatments for Human African Trypanosomiasis.
Orientational Ordering in Athermally Sheared, Aspherical, Frictionless Particles
Creators: name: Marschall, Theodore
name: Keta, Yann-Edwin
name: Olsson, Peter
name: Teitel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically simulate the uniform athermal shearing of bidisperse, frictionless, two dimensional spherocylinders and three dimensional prolate ellipsoids. We focus on the orientational ordering of particles as an asphericity parameter $α\to 0$ and particles approach spherical. We find that the nematic order parameter $S_2$ is non-monotonic in the packing fraction $ϕ$, and that as $α\to 0$ $S_{2}$ stays finite at jamming and above. The approach to spherical particles thus appears to be singular. We also find that sheared particles continue to rotate above jamming, and that particle contacts preferentially lie along the narrowest width of the particles, even as $α\to 0$.
description: updated to published version with greatly expanded supplemental material: 5 pages, 5 figures, plus supplemental material of 7 pages, 11 figures
title: A Study of Faculty Attitudes at Old Dominion University Toward the Use of Technology in Higher Education
Creators: name: Gray, Charles R.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2000

description: The purpose of this study is to uncover and analyze the attitudes, perceptions, and possible concerns of the faculty at Old Dominion University toward the use of new computer technologies in education. Level of experience with the use of new technologies is also examined. This project utilizes a sample of 207 full-time faculty members employed at Old Dominion University during the Spring 2000 semester.

Faculty members between the ages of 24 and 34 had significantly more experience with the use of new computer technologies than did those faculty members who were 50 or more years of age. Faculty members who received their highest degree between the years of 1990-2000 had significantly more experience with the use of new computer technologies than did those who received their highest degree between the years of 1960-1969 and 1970-1979. No significant differences in attitudes toward the use of new computer technologies were discovered between faculty members when controlling for age, the college they work in, year they received their highest level degree, and gender.
Continuation and stability of rotating waves in the magnetized spherical Couette system: Secondary transitions and multistability
Creators: name: Garcia, Ferran
name: Stefani, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76E20, 76E25, 37M20

description: Rotating waves (RW) bifurcating from the axisymmetric basic magnetized spherical Couette (MSC) flow are computed by means of Newton-Krylov continuation techniques for periodic orbits. In addition, their stability is analysed in the framework of Floquet theory. The inner sphere rotates whilst the outer is kept at rest and the fluid is subjected to an axial magnetic field. For a moderate Reynolds number ${\rm Re}=10^3$ (measuring inner rotation) the effect of increasing the magnetic field strength (measured by the Hartmann number ${\rm Ha}$) is addressed in the range ${\rm Ha}\in(0,80)$ corresponding to the working conditions of the HEDGEHOG experiment at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The study reveals several regions of multistability of waves with azimuthal wave number $m=2,3,4$, and several transitions to quasiperiodic flows, i.e modulated rotating waves (MRW). These nonlinear flows can be classified as the three different instabilities of the radial jet, the return flow and the shear-layer, as found in previous studies. These two flows are continuously linked, and part of the same branch, as the magnetic forcing is increased. Midway between the two instabilities, at a certain critical ${\rm Ha}$, the nonaxisymmetric component of the flow is maximum.
description: Published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A journal. Contains 3 tables and 12 figures
Weak Lensing: Prospects for Measuring Cosmological Parameters
Creators: name: Hu, Wayne
name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak lensing of galaxies by large scale structure can potentially measure cosmological quantities as accurately as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, the relation between observables and fundamental parameters is more complex and degenerate, especially in the full space of adiabatic cold dark matter models considered here. We introduce a Fisher matrix analysis of the information contained in weak lensing surveys to address these issues and provide a simple means of estimating how survey properties and source redshift uncertainties affect parameter measurement. We find that surveys on degree scales and above can improve the accuracy on parameters that affect the growth rate of structure by up to an order of magnitude compared to using the CMB alone even if the characteristic redshift of the sources must be determined from the data itself. Surprisingly, both sparse sampling and increasing the source redshift can weaken the cosmological constraints.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures submitted to ApJ letters
Neutrino and Collider Implications of a Left-Right Extended Zee Model
Creators: name: Khan, Sarif
name: Mitra, Manimala
name: Patra, Ayon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple left-right symmetric (LRS) extension of the Zee model for neutrino mass generation. An extra $SU(2)_{L/R}$ singlet charged scalar helps in generating a loop-induced Majorana mass for neutrinos in this model. The right-handed neutrinos in this case are very light of the order of a few eV to a few MeV which makes this scenario quite different from other LRS models. We have analyzed the scalar potential and Higgs spectrum in detail, which also play an important role for the neutrino phenomenology. We identified the parameter regions in the model which satisfy the experimentally observed neutrino masses and mixings along with other experimental constraints. We have then studied the collider signatures of the charged scalar at $e^+e^-$ colliders with different benchmark points. It is possible to get a huge enhancement in the production cross-section of the charged scalar at lepton collider compared to the hadron colliders, resulting in a much stronger signal which can be easily observed at the upcoming ILC or CLIC experiments.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables
Tetrao phasianellus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Tetrao
Tetrao phasianellus

description: Tetrao phasianellus [spec. nov.]
T. pedibus hirsutis, cauda cuneiformi, rectricibus tribus lateralibus albis.
Urogallus minor, cauda longiore. Edw. av. 117. t. 117.
Habitat in Canada.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 160, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Morphology and dynamics of high z radio galaxies and quasars
Creators: name: Chambers, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuum morphologies of high redshift radio galaxies and quasars can be modeled as enormous bipolar reflection nebulae from shells of dust swept up by bipolar outflows. If the observed shape of a particular object is fit with an analytic function, then the velocity of the shell is specified by the equations of motion. The predicted kinematics can be compared with the observed emission line velocity field, and the resulting fit is excellent. The implications for massive galaxies at high redshift include the requirement of an initial epoch of star formation that creates dust distributed throughout a very large, diffuse, nearly virialized halo.
description: To appear in ``After the Dark Ages: When Galaxies Were Young'', Ninth Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, ed. S. S. Holt and E. P. Smith, (New York: American Institute of Physics Press), 1998
Cosmological Coleman-Weinberg Potentials and Inflation
Creators: name: Liao, Z. H.
name: Miao, S. P.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an additional fine-tuning problem which afflicts scalar-driven models of inflation. The problem is that successful reheating requires the inflaton be coupled to ordinary matter, and quantum fluctuations of this matter induces Coleman-Weinberg potentials which are not Planck-suppressed. Unlike the flat space case, these potentials depend upon a still-unknown, nonlocal functional of the metric which reduces to the Hubble parameter for de Sitter. Such a potential cannot be completely subtracted off by any local action. In a simple model we numerically consider one possible subtraction scheme in which the correction is locally subtracted at the beginning of inflation. For fermions the effect is to make the universe approach de Sitter with a smaller Hubble parameter. For gauge bosons the effect is to make inflation end almost instantly unless the gauge charge is unacceptably small.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, uses LaTeX2e Version 2 extensively revised for publication, contains a new section connecting reheating and fine tuning and an extended discussion of the late time de Sitter phase approached by all fermion models