cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metasurface for programmable quantum algorithms with quantum and classical light
Creators: name: Tanuwijaya, Randy Stefan
name: Liang, Hong
name: Xi, Jiawei
name: Yung, Tsz Kit
name: Tam, Wing Yim
name: Li, Jensen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces have recently opened up applications in the quantum regime, including quantum tomography and the generation of quantum entangled states. With their capability to store a vast amount of information by utilizing the various geometric degrees of freedom of nanostructures, metasurfaces are expected to be useful for processing quantum information. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a programmable metasurface capable of performing quantum algorithms using both classical light and quantum light at the single photon level. Our approach encodes multiple programmable quantum algorithms, such as Grover's algorithm and the quantum Fourier transform, onto the same metalens array on a metasurface. A spatial light modulator selectively excites different sets of metalenses to carry out the quantum algorithms, while the photon arrival data or interference patterns captured by a single photon camera are used to extract information about the output state. Our programmable quantum metasurface approach holds potential as a cost-effective means of miniaturizing components for quantum computing and information processing.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Elliptic and triangular flow anisotropy in deuteron-gold collisions at RHIC and proton-lead collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Qin, Guang-You
name: Müller, Berndt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study elliptic and triangular flow in the collisions of deuteron-gold nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 200$ GeV at RHIC and of proton-lead nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV at the LHC, utilizing (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics for the dynamic evolution of the fireball and a Glauber-based Monte-Carlo energy deposition model for simulating the fluctuating initial conditions. Sizable values of elliptic and triangular flow are obtained for both colliding systems, and the results are consistent with PHENIX, ALICE, ATLAS and CMS measurements. For these studied centralities, we find that the elliptic flow in proton-lead collisions is smaller than deuteron-gold collisions, while the triangular flows are comparable in both colliding systems. Our results indicate that the observed collective anisotropic flow in deuteron-gold and proton-lead collisions may be obtained from relativistic hydrodynamic evolution of the fireball with initial state fluctuations.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Hyperspectral image unmixing with LiDAR data-aided spatial regularization
Creators: name: Uezato, Tatsumi
name: Fauvel, Mathieu
name: Dobigeon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral unmixing methods incorporating spatial regularizations have demonstrated increasing interest. Although spatial regularizers which promote smoothness of the abundance maps have been widely used, they may overly smooth these maps and, in particular, may not preserve edges present in the hyperspectral image. Existing unmixing methods usually ignore these edge structures or use edge information derived from the hyperspectral image itself. However, this information may be affected by large amounts of noise or variations in illumination, leading to erroneous spatial information incorporated into the unmixing procedure. This paper proposes a simple, yet powerful, spectral unmixing framework which incorporates external data (i.e. LiDAR data). The LiDAR measurements can be easily exploited to adjust standard spatial regularizations applied to the unmixing process. The proposed framework is rigorously evaluated using two simulated datasets and a real hyperspectral image. It is compared with competing methods that rely on spatial information derived from a hyperspectral image. The results show that the proposed framework can provide better abundance estimates and, more specifically, can significantly improve the abundance estimates for pixels affected by shadows.
The insulating phases and superfluid-insulator transition of disordered boson chains
Creators: name: Altman, Ehud
name: Kafri, Yariv
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
name: Refael, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a strong disorder real-space renormalization group (RG), we study the phase diagram of a fully disordered chain of interacting bosons. Since this approach does not suffer from run-away flows, it allows a direct study of the insulating phases, which are not accessible in a weak disorder perturbative treatment. We find that the universal properties of the insulating phase are determined by the details and symmetries of the onsite chemical-potential disorder. Three insulating phases are possible: (i) an incompressible Mott glass with a finite superfluid susceptibility, (ii) a random-singlet glass with diverging compressibility and superfluid susceptibility, (iii) a Bose glass with a finite compressibility but diverging superfluid susceptibility. In addition to characterizing the insulating phases, we show that the superfluid-insulator transition is always of the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class.
description: 4.2 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PRL
On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
Creators: name: Bate, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from the first population synthesis study of protostellar discs. We analyse the evolution and properties of a large sample of protostellar discs formed in a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation. Due to the chaotic nature of the star formation process, we find an enormous diversity of young protostellar discs, including misaligned discs, and discs whose orientations vary with time. Star-disc interactions truncate discs and produce multiple systems. Discs may be destroyed in dynamical encounters and/or through ram-pressure stripping, but reform by later gas accretion. We quantify the distributions of disc mass and radii for protostellar ages up to $\approx 10^5$ yrs. For low-mass protostars, disc masses tend to increase with both age and protostellar mass. Disc radii range from of order ten to a few hundred au, grow in size on timescales $\le 10^4$ yr, and are smaller around lower-mass protostars. The radial surface density profiles of isolated protostellar discs are flatter than the minimum mass solar nebula model, typically scaling as $Σ\propto r^{-1}$. Disc to protostar mass ratios rarely exceed two, with a typical range of $M_{\rm d}/M_* = 0.1-1$ to ages $\le 10^4$ yrs and decreasing thereafter. We quantify the relative orientation angles of circumstellar discs and the orbit of bound pairs of protostars, finding a preference for alignment that strengths with decreasing separation. We also investigate how the orientations of the outer parts of discs differ from the protostellar and inner disc spins for isolated protostars and pairs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 43 pages, 35 figures. Animations and datasets available at: http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/mbate/Animations/
On the Information Dimension of Multivariate Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Koch, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The authors have recently defined the Rényi information dimension rate $d(\{X_t\})$ of a stationary stochastic process $\{X_t,\,t\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ as the entropy rate of the uniformly-quantized process divided by minus the logarithm of the quantizer step size $1/m$ in the limit as $m\to\infty$ (B. Geiger and T. Koch, "On the information dimension rate of stochastic processes," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), Aachen, Germany, June 2017). For Gaussian processes with a given spectral distribution function $F_X$, they showed that the information dimension rate equals the Lebesgue measure of the set of harmonics where the derivative of $F_X$ is positive. This paper extends this result to multivariate Gaussian processes with a given matrix-valued spectral distribution function $F_{\mathbf{X}}$. It is demonstrated that the information dimension rate equals the average rank of the derivative of $F_{\mathbf{X}}$. As a side result, it is shown that the scale and translation invariance of information dimension carries over from random variables to stochastic processes.
description: This work will be presented in part at the 2018 International Zurich Seminar on Information and Communication
Prefix sums and their applications
Creators: name: Blelloch, Guy E.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "Experienced algorithm designers rely heavily on a set of building blocks and on the tools needed to put the blocks together into an algorithm. The understanding of these basic blocks and tools is therefore critical to the understanding of algorithms. Many of the blocks and tools needed for parallel algorithms extend from sequential algorithms, such as dynamic-programming and divide-and-conquer, but others are new. This paper introduces one of the simplest and most useful building blocks for parallel algorithms: the all-prefix-sums operation. The paper defines the operation, shows how to implement it on a P-RAM and illustrates many applications of the operation.In addition to being a useful building block, the all-prefix-sums operation is a good example of a computation that seems inherently sequential, but for which there is an efficient parallel algorithm."
Markov Chain Monitoring
Creators: name: Chaudhari, Harshal A.
name: Mathioudakis, Michael
name: Terzi, Evimaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In networking applications, one often wishes to obtain estimates about the number of objects at different parts of the network (e.g., the number of cars at an intersection of a road network or the number of packets expected to reach a node in a computer network) by monitoring the traffic in a small number of network nodes or edges. We formalize this task by defining the 'Markov Chain Monitoring' problem. Given an initial distribution of items over the nodes of a Markov chain, we wish to estimate the distribution of items at subsequent times. We do this by asking a limited number of queries that retrieve, for example, how many items transitioned to a specific node or over a specific edge at a particular time. We consider different types of queries, each defining a different variant of the Markov chain monitoring. For each variant, we design efficient algorithms for choosing the queries that make our estimates as accurate as possible. In our experiments with synthetic and real datasets we demonstrate the efficiency and the efficacy of our algorithms in a variety of settings.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Bambusananus yangae Xing & Chen 2013
Creators: name: Huang, Yihong
name: Tang, Liuhong
name: Huang, Yingying
name: Webb, Michael D.
name: Duan, Yani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Bambusananus
Bambusananus yangae

description: Bambusananus yangae Xing & Chen
(Fig. 2K, L)
Bambusananus lii Yang & Chen, 2012: 50, Figs 1 –13.
Bambusananus yangae Xing & Chen, 2013: 599, new name for B. lii Yang & Chen, 2012: 50 (secondary homonym), preoccupied by B. lii (McKamey & Hicks, 2007).
description: Published as part of Huang, Yihong, Tang, Liuhong, Huang, Yingying, Webb, Michael D. & Duan, Yani, 2025, Two new bamboo feeding leafhopper species of the subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from China, pp. 287-304 in Zootaxa 5588 (2) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/14896497
The Acoustophotoelectric Effect: Efficient Phonon-Photon-Electron Coupling in Zero-Voltage-Biased 2D SnS$_2$ for Broadband Photodetection
Creators: name: Alijani, Hossein
name: Reineck, Philipp
name: Komljenovic, Robert
name: Russo, Salvy
name: Low, Mei Xian
name: Balendhran, Sivacarendran
name: Crozier, Kenneth
name: Walia, Sumeet
name: Nash, Geoff. R.
name: Yeo, Leslie Y.
name: Rezk, Amgad R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) layered metal dichalcogenides constitute a promising class of materials for photodetector applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The most common photodetectors, which work on the principle of photoconductive or photovoltaic effects, however, require either the application of external voltage biases or built-in electric fields, which makes it challenging to simultaneously achieve high responsivities across broadband wavelength excitation - especially beyond the material's nominal band gap - while producing low dark currents. In this work, we report the discovery of an intricate phonon-photon-electron coupling - which we term the acoustophotoelectric effect - in SnS$_2$ that facilitates efficient photodetection through the application of 100-MHz-order propagating surface acoustic waves (SAWs). This effect not only reduces the band gap of SnS$_2$, but also provides the requisite momentum for indirect band gap transition of the photoexcited charge carriers, to enable broadband photodetection beyond the visible light range, whilst maintaining pA-order dark currents - remarkably without the need for any external voltage bias. More specifically, we show in the infrared excitation range that it is possible to achieve up to eight orders of magnitude improvement in the material's photoresponsivity compared to that previously reported for SnS$_2$-based photodetectors, in addition to exhibiting superior performance compared to most other 2D materials reported to date for photodetection.
Electrochemical Measurement of the Electronic Structure of Graphene via Quantum Mechanical Rate Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lopes, Laís Cristine
name: Pinzón, Edgar
name: Dias-da-Silva, Gabriela
name: Feliciano, Gustavo Troiano
name: Bueno, Paulo Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-rate theory defines a quantum mechanical rate $ν$ that complies with the Planck--Einstein relationship $E = hν$, where $ν= e^2/hC_q$ is a frequency associated with the quantum capacitance $C_q$, and $E = e^2/C_q$ is the energy associated with $ν$. Previously, this definition of $ν$ was successfully employed to define a quantum mechanical meaning for the electron-transfer (ET) rate constant of redox reactions, wherein faradaic electric currents involved with ET reactions were demonstrated to be governed by relativistic quantum electrodynamics at room temperature~\citep{Bueno-2023-3}. This study demonstrated that the definition of $ν$ entails the relativistic quantum electrodynamics phenomena intrinsically related to the perturbation of the density-of-states $\left( dn/dE \right) = C_q/e^2$ by an external harmonic oscillatory potential energy variation. On this basis, the electronic structure of graphene embedded in an electrolyte environment was computed. The electronic structure measured using quantum-rate spectroscopy (QRS) is in good agreement with that measured through angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES) or calculated via computational density-functional theory (DFT) methods. Electrochemical QRS has evident experimental advantages over ARPES. For instance, QRS enables obtaining the electronic structure of graphene at room temperature and in an electrolyte environment, whereas ARPES requires low temperature and ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Furthermore, QRS can operate \textit{in-situ} using a hand-held, inexpensive piece of equipment, whereas ARPES necessarily requires expensive and cumbersome apparatus.
Preference of Sensory Neural Coding for 1/f Signals
Creators: name: Yuguo  Yu
name: Romero, Richard
name: Lee, Tai Sing
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigated the influences of different types of temporal correlations in the input signal on the functions and coding properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1). We found that the temporal transfer functions of V1 neurons exhibit higher gain, and the spike responses exhibit higher coding efficiency and information transmission rates, for the 1/f (natural long-term correlation) signals than for 1/f0 (no correlation) and 1/f2 (stronger long-term correlation) signals. These results suggest that the intermediate long-term correlation ubiquitous to natural signals may play an important role in shaping and optimizing the machinery of neurons in their adaptation to the natural environment.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0305r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0305r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0305r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
Influence of dark matter equation of state on the axial gravitational ringing of supermassive black holes
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuqian
name: Sun, Bing
name: Cao, Zhoujian
name: Lin, Kai
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the effects of surrounding dark matter featuring different equations of state on the axial gravitational quasinormal modes of supermassive black holes situated at the center of galaxies. Our attention primarily rests on dark matter exhibiting a spike structure, originating from relativistic Bondi accretion through an adiabatic process, which diminishes at a certain distance from the black hole. We analyze how varying the equation of state of the dark matter influences the properties of the spacetime in the black hole's vicinity. Our findings reveal that different states of dark matter spikes correspondingly affect the black hole's quasinormal modes. In particular, we identify deviations in both the ringing frequency and damping time, reaching magnitudes of up to $10^{-3}$ for certain parameter values. These variations can potentially be detected by upcoming space-borne detectors. Our findings thus indicate the feasibility of discerning and limiting the essential properties of dark matter surrounding supermassive black holes using future gravitational wave detections, particularly in the case of extreme mass ratio inspiral systems.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
title: Tanger. Industries
title: Tanger. Industries
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Industrie

description: Cartographie
description: BESM-carto_1958-78-p187_78-03
description: 187
description: 78
description: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc
description: Source: Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Cité numérique de la Méditerranée (Cinumed), Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)
description: Source: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc
description: Source: Bulletin économique et social du Maroc (BESM) > BESM (Cartographie)
description: Relation: https://cinumed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/idurl/1/81828
description: Coverage: Maroc
description: Coverage: Tanger
description: Coverage: XXe siècle
description: Temporal: XXe siècle
description: Bibliographic citation: « Tanger. Industries », In Bulletin économique et social du Maroc (BESM), n° 78, 1958
description: Provenance: Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Cité numérique de la Méditerranée (Cinumed), Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)
description: Provenance: https://cinumed.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/
Physical Nature and Orbital Behavior of the Eclipsing System UZ Leonis
Creators: name: Lee, Jae Woo
name: Park, Jang-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New CCD photometric observations of UZ Leo were obtained between February 2012 and April 2013, and on February 2017. Its physical properties were derived from detailed analyses of our light curves and existing radial velocities. The results indicate that this system is a totally-eclipsing A-subtype overcontact binary with both a high fill-out factor of 76 \% and a third light source contributing 12 \% light in the $B$ bandpass, 10 \% in $V$, and 7 \% in $R$. The light residuals between observations and theoretical models are satisfactorily fitted by adopting a magnetic cool spot on the more massive primary star. Including our 12 measurements, a total of 172 eclipse times were used for ephemeris computations. We found that the orbital period of UZ Leo has varied due to a periodic oscillation superposed on an upward parabolic variation. The observed period increase at a rate of $+3.49 \times 10^{-7}$ d yr$^{-1}$ can be plausibly explained by some combination of non-conservative mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component and angular momentum loss due to magnetic braking. The period and semi-amplitude of the oscillation are about 139 yrs and 0.0225 d, respectively, which is interpreted as a light-time effect due to a third component with a mass of $M_3 \sin i_3$ = 0.30 M$_\odot$. Because the third lights of 7$-$12 \% indicate that the circumbinary object is very overluminous for its mass, it would possibly match a white dwarf, rather than an M-type main sequence.
description: 20 pages, including 5 figures and 5 tables, accepted for publication in PASP
Preference Elicitation and Query Learning
Creators: name: Avrim  Blum
name: Jackson, Jeffrey
name: Sandholm, Tuomas W
name: Zinkevich, Martin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we explore the relationship between "preference elicitation", a learning-style problem that arises in combinatorial auctions, and the problem of learning via queries studied in computational learning theory. Preference elicitation is the process of asking questions about the preferences of bidders so as to best divide some set of goods. As a learning problem, it can be thought of as a setting in which there are multiple target concepts that can each be queried separately, but where the goal is not so much to learn each concept as it is to produce an "optimal example". In this work, we prove a number of similarities and differences between two-bidder preference elicitation and query learning, giving both separation results and proving some connections between these problems.
Simultaneous detection of boosted dark matter and neutrinos from the semi-annihilation at DUNE
Creators: name: Aoki, Mayumi
name: Toma, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter direct detection experiments impose the strong bounds on thermal dark matter scenarios. The bound can naturally be evaded if the cross section is momentum transfer or velocity dependent. One can test such thermal dark matter scenarios if dark matter particles are boosted by some mechanism. In this work, we consider a specific semi-annihilation $χχ\to ν\overlineχ$ where $χ$ ($\overlineχ$) is dark matter (anti-dark matter), and search for simultaneous detection of the neutrino and the boosted dark matter in the final state at DUNE. We find that the energies of the neutrino and boosted dark matter are reconstructed by kinematics. In addition, we find that both signals can be testable at DUNE if the dark matter mass is below $8~\mathrm{GeV}$, and the scattering cross section is momentum transfer dependent. Even for larger dark matter masses, the two signals can be tested by combination of DUNE and the other experiments such as IceCube/DeepCore and Hyper-Kamiokande.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, version to appear in JCAP
Complementarity for Dark Sector Bound States
Creators: name: Elor, Gilly
name: Liu, Hongwan
name: Slatyer, Tracy R.
name: Soreq, Yotam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility that bound states involving dark matter particles could be detected by resonance searches at the LHC, and the generic implications of such scenarios for indirect and direct detection. We demonstrate that resonance searches are complementary to mono-jet searches and can probe dark matter masses above 1 TeV with current LHC data. We argue that this parameter regime, where the bound-state resonance channel is the most sensitive probe of the dark sector, arises most naturally in the context of non-trivial dark sectors with large couplings, nearly-degenerate dark-matter-like states, and multiple force carriers. The presence of bound states detectable by the LHC implies a minimal Sommerfeld enhancement that is appreciable, and potentially also radiative bound state formation in the Galactic halo, leading to large signals in indirect searches. We calculate these complementary constraints, which favor either models where the bound-state-forming dark matter constitutes a small fraction of the total density, or models where the late-time annihilation is suppressed at low velocities or late times. We present concrete examples of models that satisfy all these constraints and where the LHC resonance search is the most sensitive probe of the dark sector.
description: 22 pages plus appendices, 10 figures, comments welcome
Sulfidic Anion Concentrations on Early Earth for Surficial Origins-of-Life Chemistry
Creators: name: Ranjan, Sukrit
name: Todd, Zoe R.
name: Sutherland, John D.
name: Sasselov, Dimitar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key challenge in origin-of-life studies is understanding the environmental conditions on early Earth under which abiogenesis occurred. While some constraints do exist (e.g., zircon evidence for surface liquid water), relatively few constraints exist on the abundances of trace chemical species, which are relevant to assessing the plausibility and guiding the development of postulated prebiotic chemical pathways which depend on these species. In this work, we combine literature photochemistry models with simple equilibrium chemistry calculations to place constraints on the plausible range of concentrations of sulfidic anions (HS$^-$, HSO$_3^{-}$, SO$_3^{2-}$) available in surficial aquatic reservoirs on early Earth due to outgassing of SO$_2$ and H$_2$S and their dissolution into small shallow surface water reservoirs like lakes. We find that this mechanism could have supplied prebiotically relevant levels of SO$_2$-derived anions, but not H$_2$S-derived anions. Radiative transfer modelling suggests UV light would have remained abundant on the planet surface for all but the largest volcanic explosions. We apply our results to the case study of the proposed prebiotic reaction network of Patel et al. (2015), and discuss the implications for improving its prebiotic plausibility. In general, epochs of moderately high volcanism could have been especially conducive to cyanosulfidic prebiotic chemistry. Our work can be similarly applied to assess and improve the prebiotic plausibility of other postulated surficial prebiotic chemistries that are sensitive to sulfidic anions, and our methods adapted to study other atmospherically-derived trace species.
description: Accepted to Astrobiology; comments welcome
Prediction of Interactions between HIV-1 and Human Proteins by Information Integration
Creators: name: Osnur  Tastan
name: Yanjun  Qi
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
name: Klein-Seetharaman, Judith
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) relies on human host cell proteins in virtually every aspect of its life cycle. Knowledge of the set of interacting human and viral proteins would greatly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of infection and subsequently to the design of new therapeutic approaches. This work is the first attempt to predict the global set of interactions between HIV-1 and human host cellular proteins. We propose a supervised learning framework, where multiple information data sources are utilized, including cooccurrence of functional motifs and their interaction domains and protein classes, gene ontology annotations, posttranslational modifications, tissue distributions and gene expression profiles, topological properties of the human protein in the interaction network and the similarity of HIV-1 proteins to human proteins’ known binding partners. We trained and tested a Random Forest (RF) classifier with this extensive feature set. The model’s predictions achieved an average Mean Average Precision (MAP) score of 23%. Among the predicted interactions was for example the pair, HIV-1 protein tat and human vitamin D receptor. This interaction had recently been independently validated experimentally. The rank-ordered lists of predicted interacting pairs are a rich source for generating biological hypotheses. Amongst the novel predictions, transcription regulator activity, immune system process and macromolecular complex were the top most significant molecular function, process and cellular compartments, respectively. Supplementary material is available at URL www.cs.cmu.edu/~oznur/hiv/hivPPI.html
Bridging Dimensions: General Embedding Algorithm and Field-Theory Reconstruction in 5D Braneworld Models
Creators: name: Nakas, Theodoros
name: Pappas, Thomas D.
name: Stuchlík, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general algorithm that enables the consistent embedding of any four-dimensional static and spherically symmetric geometry into any five-dimensional single-brane braneworld model, characterized by an injective and nonsingular warp factor. Furthermore, we supplement the algorithm by introducing a method that allows one to, in principle, reconstruct 5D field theories that support the aforementioned geometries. This approach is based on a conformal transformation of the metric with the conformal factor being identified with the warp factor of the bulk geometry. The reconstructed theories depend solely on the induced brane geometry, since the warp factor is model-independently represented by a scalar field in the Lagrangian density. As a first application of our reconstruction method, we present for the first time a complete theory that supports the five-dimensional brane-localized extension of the Schwarzschild black hole, for any warp factor. The same method is subsequently utilized to illustrate the process of coherently embedding a de Sitter brane in braneworld models.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, extended discussion, references added, version to match the one published in Phys. Rev. D
Quantum Techniques for Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Baez, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G05, 81R30, 82B31

description: Reaction networks are a general formalism for describing collections of classical entities interacting in a random way. While reaction networks are mainly studied by chemists, they are equivalent to Petri nets, which are used for similar purposes in computer science and biology. As noted by Doi and others, techniques from quantum field theory can be adapted to apply to such systems. Here we use these techniques to study how the "master equation" describing stochastic time evolution for a reaction network is related to the "rate equation" describing the deterministic evolution of the expected number of particles of each species in the large-number limit. We show that the relation is especially strong when a solution of master equation is a "coherent state", meaning that the numbers of entities of each kind are described by independent Poisson distributions.
description: 14 pages
Photon noise correlations in millimeter-wave telescopes
Creators: name: Hill, Charles A.
name: Kusaka, Akito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many modern millimeter and submillimeter (``mm-wave'') telescopes for astronomy are deploying more detectors by increasing detector pixel density, and with the rise of lithographed detector architectures and high-throughput readout techniques, it is becoming increasingly practical to overfill the focal plane. However, when the pixel pitch $p_{\rm pix}$ is small compared to the product of the wavelength $λ$ and the focal ratio $F$, or $p_{\mathrm{pix}} \lesssim 1.2 F λ$, the Bose term of the photon noise correlates between neighboring detector pixels due to the Hanbury Brown & Twiss (HBT) effect. When this HBT effect is non-negligible, the array-averaged sensitivity scales with detector count $N_{\mathrm{det}}$ less favorably than the uncorrelated limit of $N_{\mathrm{det}}^{-1/2}$. In this paper, we present a general prescription to calculate this HBT correlation based on a quantum optics formalism and extend it to polarization-sensitive detectors. We then estimate the impact of HBT correlations on the sensitivity of a model mm-wave telescope and discuss the implications for focal-plane design.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
Toward Equations of Galactic Structure
Creators: name: Zaritsky, Dennis
name: Zabludoff, Ann I.
name: Gonzalez, Anthony H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that all classes of galaxies, ranging from disks to spheroids and from dwarf spheroidals to brightest cluster galaxies, lie on a two dimensional surface within the space defined by the logarithms of the half-light radius, r_e, mean surface brightness within r_e, I_e, and internal velocity, V^2 = (1/2)v_c^2 + sigma^2, where v_c is the rotational velocity and sigma is the velocity dispersion. If these quantities are expressed in terms of kpc, L_solar/pc^2, and km/s, then log r_e - log V^2 + log I_e + log Upsilon_e + 0.8 = 0, where we provide a fitting function for Upsilon_e, the mass-to-light ratio within r_e in units of M_solar/L_solar, that depends only on V and I_e. The scatter about this surface for our heterogeneous sample of 1925 galaxies is small (< 0.1 dex) and could be as low as ~ 0.05 dex, or 10%. This small scatter has three possible implications for how gross galactic structure is affected by internal factors, such as stellar orbital structure, and by external factors, such as environment. These factors either 1) play no role beyond generating some of the observed scatter, 2) move galaxies along the surface, or 3) balance each other to maintain this surface as the locus of galactic structure equilibria. We cast the behavior of Upsilon_e in terms of the fraction of baryons converted to stars, eta, and the concentration of those stars within the dark matter halo, xi = R_{200}/r_e. We derive eta = 1.9 x 10^{-5} (L/L^*) Upsilon_* V^{-3} and xi = 1.4 V/r_e. Finally, we present and discuss the distributions of eta and xi for the full range of galaxies. For systems with internal velocities comparable to that of the Milky Way (149 < V < 163 km/s), eta = 0.14 +- 0.05, and xi is, on average, ~ 5 times greater for spheroids than for disks. (Abridged)
description: submitted to ApJ
Algorithms for Tolerant Tverberg Partitions
Creators: name: Mulzer, Wolfgang
name: Stein, Yannik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let $P$ be a $d$-dimensional $n$-point set. A partition $T$ of $P$ is called a Tverberg partition if the convex hulls of all sets in $T$ intersect in at least one point. We say $T$ is $t$-tolerant if it remains a Tverberg partition after deleting any $t$ points from $P$. Soberón and Strausz proved that there is always a $t$-tolerant Tverberg partition with $\lceil n / (d+1)(t+1) \rceil$ sets. However, so far no nontrivial algorithms for computing or approximating such partitions have been presented. For $d \leq 2$, we show that the Soberón-Strausz bound can be improved, and we show how the corresponding partitions can be found in polynomial time. For $d \geq 3$, we give the first polynomial-time approximation algorithm by presenting a reduction to the Tverberg problem with no tolerance. Finally, we show that it is coNP-complete to determine whether a given Tverberg partition is t-tolerant.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Assessment of the Utilization of Quadruped Robots in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratories
Creators: name: Parkinson, Brian
name: Wolf, Ádám
name: Galambos, Péter
name: Széll, Károly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Drug development is becoming more and more complex and resource-intensive. To reduce the costs and the time-to-market, the pharmaceutical industry employs cutting-edge automation solutions. Supportive robotics technologies, such as stationary and mobile manipulators, exist in various laboratory settings. However, they still lack the mobility and dexterity to navigate and operate in human-centered environments. We evaluate the feasibility of quadruped robots for the specific use case of remote inspection, utilizing the out-of-the-box capabilities of Boston Dynamics' Spot platform. We also provide an outlook on the newest technological advancements and the future applications these are anticipated to enable.
Dust cloud evolution in sub-stellar atmospheres via plasma deposition and plasma sputtering
Creators: name: Stark, Craig R.
name: Diver, Declan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contemporary sub-stellar model atmospheres, dust growth occurs through neutral gas-phase surface chemistry. Recently, there has been a growing body of theoretical and observational evidence suggesting that ionisation processes can also occur. As a result, atmospheres are populated by regions composed of plasma, gas and dust, and the consequent influence of plasma processes on dust evolution is enhanced. This paper aims to introduce a new model of dust growth and destruction in sub-stellar atmospheres via plasma deposition and plasma sputtering. Using example sub-stellar atmospheres from Drift-Phoenix, we have compared plasma deposition and sputtering timescales to those from neutral gas-phase surface chemistry to ascertain their regimes of influence. We calculated the plasma sputtering yield and discuss the circumstances where plasma sputtering dominates over deposition. Within the highest dust density cloud regions, plasma deposition and sputtering dominates over neutral gas-phase surface chemistry if the degree of ionisation is $\gtrsim10^{-4}$. Loosely bound grains with surface binding energies of the order of $0.1-1$ eV are susceptible to destruction through plasma sputtering for feasible degrees of ionisation and electron temperatures; whereas, strong crystalline grains with binding energies of the order $10$ eV are resistant to sputtering. The mathematical framework outlined sets the foundation for the inclusion of plasma deposition and plasma sputtering in global dust cloud formation models of sub-stellar atmospheres.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
The r-Process Pattern of a Bright, Highly r-Process-Enhanced, Metal-Poor Halo Star at [Fe/H] ~ -2
Creators: name: Sakari, C. M.
name: Placco, V. M.
name: Hansen, T.
name: Holmbeck, E. M.
name: Beers, T. C.
name: Frebel, A.
name: Roederer, I. U.
name: Venn, K. A.
name: Wallerstein, G.
name: Davis, C. E.
name: Farrell, E. M.
name: Yong, D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis is presented for a new highly r-process-enhanced ([Eu/Fe] = 1.27, [Ba/Eu] = -0.65), very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -2.09), retrograde halo star, RAVE J153830.9-180424, discovered as part of the R-Process Alliance survey. At V = 10.86, this is the brightest and most metal-rich r-II star known in the Milky Way halo. Its brightness enables high-S/N detections of a wide variety of chemical species that are mostly created by the r-process, including some infrequently detected lines from elements like Ru, Pd, Ag, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, and Th, with upper limits on Pb and U. This is the most complete r-process census in a very metal-poor r-II star. J1538-1804 shows no signs of s-process contamination, based on its low [Ba/Eu] and [Pb/Fe]. As with many other r-process-enhanced stars, J1538-1804's r-process pattern matches that of the Sun for elements between the first, second, and third peaks, and does not exhibit an actinide boost. Cosmo-chronometric age-dating reveals the r-process material to be quite old. This robust main r-process pattern is a necessary constraint for r-process formation scenarios (of particular interest in light of the recent neutron star merger, GW 170817), and has important consequences for the origins of r-II stars. Additional r-I and r-II stars will be reported by the R-Process Alliance in the near future.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ letters
Prediction of Anti-parallel and Parallel Beta-sheets using Conditional Random Fields
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
name: Klein-Seetharaman, Judith
name: Vanathi  Gopalakrishnan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new algorithm for parallel and anti-parallel beta-sheet prediction using conditional random fields. In recent years, various approaches have been proposed to capture the long-range interactions of beta-sheets. However, most of them are not very successful: either the learning models are not general enough to capture the non-local information, or the features they used do not contain the information, for example, the window based profiles. Our new method has the advantages over previous methods in two aspects: (1) It takes into account both the local information and long-range interaction information (2) The condition random fields are powerful models that are able to capture long-range interaction features. The experimental results show that our algorithm performs significantly better than the state-of-art secondary structure prediction methods.
One-half reflected entropy is not a lower bound for entanglement of purification
Creators: name: Couch, Josiah
name: Nguyen, Phuc
name: Racz, Sarah
name: Stratis, Georgios
name: Zhang, Yuxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent work, Akers et al. proved that the entanglement of purification $E_p(A:B)$ is bounded below by half of the $q$-Rényi reflected entropy $S_R^{(q)}(A:B)$ for all $q\geq2$, showing that $E_p(A:B) = \frac{1}{2} S_R^{(q)}(A:B)$ for a class of random tensor network states. Naturally, the authors raise the question of whether a similar bound holds at $q = 1$. Our work answers that question in the negative by finding explicit counter-examples, which we arrive at through numerical optimization.
 Nevertheless, this result does not preclude the possibility that restricted sets of states, such as CFT states with semi-classical gravity duals, could obey the bound in question.