cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in ascending long propriospinal and descending supraspinal pathways in chronic cervical spinal cord injured rats
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: H-reflex
inter-enlargement
magnetic stimulation
motor-evoked potentials
propriospinal
spinal cord injury
supraspinal

description: The high clinical relevance of models of incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) creates a need to address the spontaneous neuroplasticity that underlies changes in functional activity that occur over time after SCI. There is accumulating evidence supporting long projecting propriospinal neurons as suitable targets for therapeutic intervention after SCI, but focus has remained primarily oriented toward study of descending pathways. Long ascending axons from propriospinal neurons at lower thoracic and lumbar levels that form inter-enlargement pathways are involved in forelimb-hindlimb coordination during locomotion and are capable of modulating cervical motor output. We used non-invasive magnetic stimulation to assess how a unilateral cervical (C5) spinal contusion might affect transmission in intact, long ascending propriospinal pathways, and influence spinal cord plasticity. Our results show that transmission is facilitated in this pathway on the ipsilesional side as early as 1 week post-SCI. We also probed for descending magnetic motor evoked potentials (MMEPs) and found them absent or greatly reduced on the ipsilesional side as expected. The frequency-dependent depression (FDD) of the H-reflex recorded from the forelimb triceps brachii was bilaterally decreased although H max/M max was increased only on the ipsilesional side. Behaviorally, stepping recovered, but there were deficits in forelimb-hindlimb coordination as detected by BBB and CatWalk measures. Importantly, epicenter sparing correlated to the amplitude of the MMEPs and locomotor recovery but it was not significantly associated with the inter-enlargement or segmental H-reflex. In summary, our results indicate that complex plasticity occurs after a C5 hemicontusion injury, leading to differential changes in ascending vs. descending pathways, ipsi- vs. contralesional sides even though the lesion was unilateral as well as cervical vs. lumbar local spinal networks. © 2012 Côté, Detloff, Wade, Lemay and Houlé.
Studying the emergence of invasiveness in tumours using game theory
Creators: name: Basanta, David
name: Hatzikirou, Haralambos
name: Deutsch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Tumour cells have to acquire a number of capabilities if a neoplasm is to become a cancer. One of these key capabilities is increased motility which is needed for invasion of other tissues and metastasis. This paper presents a qualitative mathematical model based on game theory and computer simulations using cellular automata. With this model we study the circumstances under which mutations that confer increased motility to cells can spread through a tumour made of rapidly proliferating cells. The analysis suggests therapies that could help prevent the progression towards malignancy and invasiveness of benign tumours.
The effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Khan, Ubaid
name: Amin, Ahmed Mazen
name: Taha, Amira Mohamed
name: Khlidj, Yehya
name: AlBarakat, Majd M.
name: Elewidi, Mariam
name: Abuelazm, Mohamed
name: Turkmani, Mustafa
name: Abdelazeem, Basel
name: Laeeq, Rida
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce cardiovascular events, especially in diabetic patients. However, the cardioprotective effects of early SGLT2i administration following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of SGLT2is on clinical outcomes in patients post-AMI. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL, WOS, Scopus, and EMBASE up to April 2024. Risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Seven studies with 11,407 patients were included. SGLT2is did not significantly reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.68, 1.29], p = 0.69), all-cause mortality (RR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.84, 1.21], p = 0.93), or stroke (RR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.29,1.28], p = 0.19). However, SGLT2is significantly reduced the risk of heart failure (RR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.63, 0.91], p < 0.01) and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (MD = 1.86, 95% CI [1.58, 2.14], p < 0.01). In post-AMI patients, SGLT2is do not significantly affect MACE or mortality but are associated with reduced heart failure risk and improved ejection fraction. PROSPERO identifier number: CRD42024506806. SGLT2is represent a class of antidiabetic medication that can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Nevertheless, it is unclear if they can reproduce these cardioprotective effects in patients who have had AMI. The present meta-analysis aimed to answer that question by reviewing data from seven studies with a total of 11,407 post-AMI patients who received standard care either with SGLT2is or without SGLT2is. The findings showed that the SGLT2is group did not have a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and stroke as compared to the control group. However, treatment with SGLT2is had more notable positive effects manifesting as a decrease in the risk of heart failure and an improvement in cardiac function. These results suggest that SGLT2is although have limited benefit in post-AMI patients, can still provide statistically significant protection against heart failure and cardiac dysfunction.
Penetration and Secondary Atomization of Droplets Impacted on Wet Facemasks
Creators: name: Bagchi, Sombuddha
name: Basu, Saptarshi
name: Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo
name: Saha, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Face covering, commonly known as facemask, is considered to be one of the most effective Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) to reduce transmissions of pathogens through respiratory droplets - both large drops and liquid aerosol particles. Face masks, not only inhibit the expulsion of such respiratory droplets from the user, but also protects the user from inhaling pathogen-laden potentially harmful droplets or their dried nuclei. While the efficacies of various dry face masks have been explored in the recent past, a comprehensive investigation of a wet mask is lacking. Yet, users wear masks for a long period of time and during this period, owing to respiratory droplets released through multiple respiratory events, the mask matrix becomes wet. We, herein, present an experimental study on the dynamics of sequential impacts of droplets on masks to understand how wetness affects possible penetration and secondary atomization of the impacted droplet. Two different types of masks, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, were used in this study to evaluate the underlying physical mechanism that controls the penetration in each of them.
description: The manuscript is accepted for publication in Physical Review Fluids. APS holds the copyright. See https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/accepted/d107fS0eT7f10109110330f4bae7b00a7446193d3
On Scale Determination in Lattice QCD with Dynamical Quarks
Creators: name: De, Asit K.
name: Harindranath, A.
name: Maiti, Jyotirmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dependence of a/r_c (inverse Sommer parameter in units of lattice spacing a) on am_q (quark mass in lattice unit) has been observed in all lattice QCD simulations with sea quarks including the ones with improved actions. How much of this dependence is a scaling violation has remained an intriguing question. Our approach has been to investigate the issue with an action with known lattice artifacts, i.e., the standard Wilson quark and gauge action with beta=5.6 and 2 degenerate flavors of sea quarks on 16^3 times 32 lattices. In order to study in detail the sea quark mass dependence, measurements are carried out at eight values of the PCAC quark mass values am_q from about 0.07 to below 0.015. Though scaling violations may indeed be present for relatively large am_q, a consistent scenario at sufficiently small am_q seems to emerge in the mass-independent scheme where for a fixed beta, 1/r_0 and sqrt{sigma} have linear dependence on m_q as physical effects similar to the quark mass dependence of the rho mass. We present evidence for this scenario and accordingly extract the lattice scale (a = 0.0805(7) fm, a^{-1} = 2.45(2) GeV) by chiral extrapolation to the physical point.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Talk given at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2008), July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Ferroelectric Nematic Droplets in their Isotropic Melt
Creators: name: Perera, Kelum
name: Nepal, Rony Saha Pawan
name: Dharmarathna, Rohan
name: Hossain, Md Sakhawat
name: Mostafa, Md
name: Adaka, Alex
name: Waroquet, Ronan
name: Twieg, Robert J.
name: Jakli, Antal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isotropic to ferroelectric nematic liquid transition had been theoretically studied over one hundred years ago, but its experimental studies are rare. Here we present polarizing optical microscopy studies and theoretical considerations of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal droplets coexisting with the isotropic melt. We find that the droplets have flat pancake-like shapes that are thinner than the sample thickness as long as there is a room to increase the lateral droplet size. In the center of the droplets a wing shaped defect with low birefringence is present that moves perpendicular to a weak in-plane electric field, and then extends and splits in two at higher fields. Parallel to the defect motion and extension, the entire droplet drifts along the electric field with speed that is independent of the size of the droplet and is proportional to the amplitude of the electric field. After the field is increased above 1V/mm the entire droplet gets deformed and oscillates with the field. These observations led us to determine the polarization field and revealed the presence of a pair of positive and negative bound electric charge due to divergences of polarization around the defect volume.
Adsorption and onset of lubrication by a double-chained cationic surfactant on silica surfaces
Creators: name: Serreau, L.
name: Beauvais, M.
name: Heitz, C.
name: Barthel, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of glass fiber manufacturing the onset of lubrication by a C18 double-chained cationic surfactant has been investigated at high normal contact pressures. Comparison with adsorption kinetics demonstrates that lubrication is not directly connected to the surfactant surface excess but originates from the transition to a defect-free bilayer which generates limited dissipation. The impact of ionic strength and shear rate has also been studied.
Pareto Monte Carlo Tree Search for Multi-Objective Informative Planning
Creators: name: Chen, Weizhe
name: Liu, Lantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many environmental monitoring scenarios, the sampling robot needs to simultaneously explore the environment and exploit features of interest with limited time. We present an anytime multi-objective informative planning method called Pareto Monte Carlo tree search which allows the robot to handle potentially competing objectives such as exploration versus exploitation. The method produces optimized decision solutions for the robot based on its knowledge (estimation) of the environment state, leading to better adaptation to environmental dynamics. We provide algorithmic analysis on the critical tree node selection step and show that the number of times choosing sub-optimal nodes is logarithmically bounded and the search result converges to the optimal choices at a polynomial rate.
description: Proceeding in Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) 2019 (http://www.roboticsproceedings.org/rss15/p72.html)
On the Adversarial Scenario-based Safety Testing of Robots: the Comparability and Optimal Aggressiveness
Creators: name: Weng, Bowen
name: Castillo, Guillermo A.
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Hereid, Ayonga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper studies the class of scenario-based safety testing algorithms in the black-box safety testing configuration. For algorithms sharing the same state-action set coverage with different sampling distributions, it is commonly believed that prioritizing the exploration of high-risk state-actions leads to a better sampling efficiency. Our proposal disputes the above intuition by introducing an impossibility theorem that provably shows all safety testing algorithms of the aforementioned difference perform equally well with the same expected sampling efficiency. Moreover, for testing algorithms covering different sets of state-actions, the sampling efficiency criterion is no longer applicable as different algorithms do not necessarily converge to the same termination condition. We then propose a testing aggressiveness definition based on the almost safe set concept along with an unbiased and efficient algorithm that compares the aggressiveness between testing algorithms. Empirical observations from the safety testing of bipedal locomotion controllers and vehicle decision-making modules are also presented to support the proposed theoretical implications and methodologies.
Perceptions of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners and How a Pulmonary Function Printout Influenced Practice
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Health services & systems
Health Services Research
Lung
Asthma
Pediatric
Respiratory
8.1 Organisation and delivery of services

description: The rate of asthma in the pediatric population has risen over the last two decades and is now considered to be the most common serious chronic disease in children and adolescents as well as a serious public health concern. In one suburban, Pennsylvania nurse-managed clinic, a group of pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs), noted an increase in the number of children with asthma and purchased a pulmonary function machine (Spirometer). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the integration of a pulmonary function measurement printout influenced a small group of PNPs visit satisfaction, their delivery of nursing care, and the response of the families. As the incidence of asthma increases in the pediatric population, nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals can take a leading role in patient teaching and provision of care by augmenting their practice with new technology combined with continued education for the client and family.
title: Hemorragia digestiva aguda ¿Se puede predecir el sangrado activo en la angioTC ?
Creators: name: Martí De Gracia, Milagros
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Emergency

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La angioTC es una técnica muy sensible para identificar el sangrado activo que se va imponiendo como procedimieno inicial para el diagnóstico de la hemorragia digestiva baja aguda (HDBA). En la HDBA el sangrado suele ser intermitente.
Si logramos...
Comparative efficacy of single-coil versus dual-coil ICD leads: a meta-analysis of clinical outcomes
Creators: name: Shuja, Muhammad Hamza
name: Shuja, Syed Hasan
name: Shaheen, Fabeeha
name: Hannat, Ramish
name: Shakil, Firzah
name: Abbasi, Abeera Farooq
name: Hasan, Minal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are essential for reducing sudden cardiac death in patients at risk of ventricular arrhythmias. The choice of ICD lead – single-coil or dual-coil – can influence device performance and patient outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the comparative efficacy and safety of single-coil versus dual-coil ICD leads to inform clinical decision-making. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed up to October 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing single-coil and dual-coil ICD leads were included. Outcomes assessed included defibrillation threshold (DFT), first-shock efficacy, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, shock impedance, and peak current. Seven RCTs involving 1,614 patients were analyzed. Single-coil leads demonstrated comparable first shock efficacy (OR: 0.45, p = 0.15), reduced all-cause mortality (RR: 0.63; p = 0.02), and better peak current (MD: −2.29; p = 0.02). DFT and cardiovascular mortality were comparable between groups, while dual-coil leads exhibited lower shock impedance (MD: 18.26; p < 0.00001). This study suggests that even though single-coil ICD leads have slightly higher DFTs, they are associated with comparable first-shock efficacy and reduced all-cause mortality, indicating their potential superiority in certain patient populations. Further research is warranted to refine lead selection criteria and optimize outcomes in ICD therapy. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are devices that help prevent sudden death in people at high risk of dangerous heart rhythm problems. This study compared two types of ICD leads (the wires connecting the device to the heart): single-coil and dual-coil leads, to find the best option for patients. We reviewed data from seven clinical trials involving 1,614 patients. The study looked at how well each lead type worked in delivering shocks, overall survival rates, and other technical features. Dual coil leads appeared to be better at handling electrical resistance. However, single-coil leads were linked to lower overall death rates and showed similar performance in delivering effective shocks, while deaths from heart problems were similar between the two lead types. These findings suggest that single-coil leads may be safer for some patients, even though dual-coil leads have technical advantages. Doctors should carefully consider each patient's needs and risks when choosing the type of ICD lead.
Origins and Evolution of MicroRNA Genes in Plant Species
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: birth-and-death evolution
gene duplication
multigene family
small RNA
transposable element

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among the most important regulatory elements of gene expression in animals and plants. However, their origin and evolutionary dynamics have not been studied systematically. In this paper, we identified putative miRNA genes in 11 plant species using the bioinformatic technique and examined their evolutionary changes. Our homology search indicated that no miRNA gene is currently shared between green algae and land plants. The number of miRNA genes has increased substantially in the land plant lineage, but after the divergence of eudicots and monocots, the number has changed in a lineage-specific manner. We found that miRNA genes have originated mainly by duplication of preexisting miRNA genes or protein-coding genes. Transposable elements also seem to have contributed to the generation of species-specific miRNA genes. The relative importance of these mechanisms in plants is quite different from that in Drosophila species, where the formation of hairpin structures in the genomes seems to be a major source of miRNA genes. This difference in the origin of miRNA genes between plants and Drosophila may be explained by the difference in the binding to target mRNAs between plants and animals. We also found that young miRNA genes are less conserved than old genes in plants as well as in Drosophila species. Yet, nearly half of the gene families in the ancestor of flowering plants have been lost in at least one species examined. This indicates that the repertoires of miRNA genes have changed more dynamically than previously thought during plant evolution.
title: PAAF de adenopatías axilares guiada por ecografía. Revisión de casos en nuestro Hospital.
Creators: name: Álvarez Silva, Iria
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Puncture

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
El estado de los ganglios axilares es uno de los factores pronósticos más importantes en la evaluación del tratamiento de las pacientes recientemente diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama. El estándar de referencia sigue siendo la...
Contractivity of the Method of Successive Approximations for Optimal Control
Creators: name: Smith, Kevin D.
name: Bullo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Strongly contracting dynamical systems have numerous properties (e.g., incremental ISS), find widespread applications (e.g., in controls and learning), and their study is receiving increasing attention. This work starts with the simple observation that, given a strongly contracting system, its adjoint dynamical system is also strongly contracting, with the same rate, with respect to the dual norm, under time reversal. As main implication of this dual contractivity, we show that the classic Method of Successive Approximations (MSA), an indirect method in optimal control, is a contraction mapping for short optimization intervals or large contraction rates. Consequently, we establish new convergence conditions for the MSA algorithm, which further imply uniqueness of the optimal control and sufficiency of Pontryagin's minimum principle under additional assumptions.
The scaling relation between richness and mass of galaxy clusters: a Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Andreon, S.
name: Hurn, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We use a sample of 53 galaxy clusters at 0.03 < z < 0.1 with available masses derived from the caustic technique and with velocity dispersions computed using 208 galaxies on average per cluster, in order to investigate the scaling between richness, mass and velocity dispersion. A tight scaling between richness and mass is found, with an intrinsic scatter of only 0.19 dex in mass and with a slope one, i.e. clusters which have twice as many galaxies are twice as massive. When richness is measured without any knowledge of the cluster mass or linked parameters (such as r200), it can predict mass with an uncertainty of 0.29+/-0.01 dex. As a mass proxy, richness competes favourably with both direct measurements of mass given by the caustic method, which has typically 0.14 dex errors (vs 0.29) and X-ray luminosity, which offers a similar 0.30 dex uncertainty. The similar performances of X-ray luminosity and richness in predicting cluster masses has been confirmed using cluster masses derived from velocity dispersion fixed by numerical simulations. These results suggest that cluster masses can be reliably estimated from simple galaxy counts, at least at the redshift and masses explored in this work. This has important applications in the estimation of cosmological parameters from optical cluster surveys, because in current surveys clusters detected in the optical range outnumber, by at least one order of magnitude, those detected in X-ray. Our analysis is robust from astrophysical and statistical perspectives. The data and code used for the stochastic computation is distributed with the paper. [Abridged]
description: MNRAS, in press
Many-probes multi-object spatially-resolved analyses of galaxy clusters in the big data era
Creators: name: Castagna, Fabio
name: Andreon, Stefano
name: Trombetta, Alberto
name: Landoni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect and the X-ray emission offer separate and highly complementary probes of the thermodynamics of the intracluster medium, particularly on their radial dependence. We already released \texttt{JoXSZ}, the first publicly available code designed to jointly fit SZ and X-ray data coming from various instruments to derive the thermodynamic radial profiles of galaxy clusters, including mass. \texttt{JoXSZ;} follows a fully Bayesian forward-modelling approach, adopts flexible parametrization for the thermodynamic profiles and includes many useful options that users can customize according to their needs. We are including shear measurement in our joint analysis, and moving from single-cluster to multi-cluster analyses, allowing to quantify the heterogeneity of thermodynamic properties within the cluster population. At the same time, we are creating a suitable framework that efficiently stores and optimally processes huge volumes of data being released by the current and new generation surveys.
description: 6 pages. To appear in the Proceedings of the International Conference entitled "mm Universe @ NIKA2", Rome (Italy), June 2021, EPJ Web of conferences
Molecular dynamics simulations of voltage-gated cation channels: Insights on voltage-sensor domain function and modulation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Kv1.2
gating charges
VSD intermediate states
molecular models
channelopathies
mutations
omega currents

description: Since their discovery in the 1950s, the structure and function of voltage-gated cation channels (VGCC) has been largely understood thanks to results stemming from electrophysiology, pharmacology, spectroscopy, and structural biology. Over the past decade, computational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have also contributed, providing molecular level information that can be tested against experimental results, thereby allowing the validation of the models and protocols. Importantly, MD can shed light on elements of VGCC function that cannot be easily accessed through "classical" experiments. Here, we review the results of recent MD simulations addressing key questions that pertain to the function and modulation of theVGCC's voltage-sensor domain (VSD) highlighting: (1) the movement of the S4-helix basic residues during channel activation, articulating how the electrical driving force acts upon them; (2) the nature of the VSD intermediate states on transitioning between open and closed states of the VGCC; and (3) the molecular level effects on the VSD arising from mutations of specific S4 positively charged residues involved in certain genetic diseases. © 2012 Delemotte, Kleinand Tarek.
The Transit Light Curve Project. X. A Christmas Transit of HD 17156b
Creators: name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Holman, Matthew J.
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Fischer, Debra
name: Johnson, John Asher
name: Marcy, Geoffrey W.
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometry is presented of the Dec. 25, 2007 transit of HD 17156b, which has the longest orbital period and highest orbital eccentricity of all the known transiting exoplanets. New measurements of the stellar radial velocity are also presented. All the data are combined and integrated with stellar-evolutionary modeling to derive refined system parameters. The planet's mass and radius are found to be 3.212_{-0.082}^{+0.069} Jupiter masses and 1.023_{-0.055}^{+0.070} Jupiter radii. The corresponding stellar properties are 1.263_{-0.047}^{+0.035} solar masses and 1.446_{-0.067}^{+0.099} solar radii. The planet is smaller by 1 sigma than a theoretical solar-composition gas giant with the same mass and equilibrium temperature, a possible indication of heavy-element enrichment. The midtransit time is measured to within 1 min, and shows no deviation from a linear ephemeris (and therefore no evidence for orbital perturbations from other planets). We provide ephemerides for future transits and superior conjunctions. There is an 18% chance that the orbital plane is oriented close enough to edge-on for secondary eclipses to occur at superior conjunction. Observations of secondary eclipses would reveal the thermal emission spectrum of a planet that experiences unusually large tidal heating and insolation variations.
description: To appear in ApJ [26 pages]
Hybrid metric-Palatini Higgs inflation
Creators: name: He, Minxi
name: Mikura, Yusuke
name: Tada, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension of the Higgs inflation to the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity, where we introduce non-minimal couplings between Higgs and both the metric-type and the Palatini-type Ricci scalars. We study the inflationary phenomenology of our model and find that slow-roll inflation can be realized in the large-field regime, giving the observationally favored predictions. In particular, the scalar spectral index exhibits an attractor behavior to $n_{\mathrm{s}}\sim 0.964$, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio can take an arbitrary value depending on the non-minimal coupling parameters, with the metric-Higgs limit $r\sim10^{-3}$ being the maximum. We also investigate the unitarity property of our model. As the ultraviolet (UV) cutoff as a low-energy effective field theory (EFT) of this model is significantly lower than the Planck scale due to a strong curvature of field-space, we consider a possible candidate of UV-extended theories with an additional scalar field introduced so as to flatten the field-space in five-dimension. While the field-space can be flatten completely and this approach can lead to a weakly-coupled EFT, we gain an implication that Planck-scale EFT can be only realized in the limit of metric-Higgs inflation. We also discuss generalizations of the model up to mass-dimension four.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure; v2 matches the published version in JCAP
A phase III randomized three-arm trial of physical therapist delivered pain coping skills training for patients with total knee arthroplasty: The KASTPain protocol
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Knee
Arthroplasty
Coping skills
Pain
Catastrophizing

description: Abstract. Background: Approximately 20% of patients report persistent and disabling pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) despite an apparently normally functioning prosthesis. One potential risk factor for unexplained persistent pain is high levels of pain catastrophizing. We designed a three-arm trial to determine if a pain coping skills training program, delivered prior to TKA, effectively reduces function-limiting pain following the procedure in patients with high levels of pain catastrophizing. Methods/design. The trial will be conducted at four University-based sites in the US. A sample of 402 patients with high levels of pain catastrophizing will be randomly assigned to either a pain coping skills training arm, an arthritis education control arm or usual care. Pain coping skills will be delivered by physical therapists trained and supervised by clinical psychologist experts. Arthritis education will be delivered by nurses trained in the delivery of arthritis-related content. The primary outcome will be change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain scale score 12 months following surgery. A variety of secondary clinical and economic outcomes also will be evaluated. Discussion. The trial will be conducted at four University-based sites in the US. A sample of 402 patients with high levels of pain catastrophizing will be randomly assigned to either a pain coping skills training arm, an arthritis education control arm or usual care. Pain coping skills will be delivered by physical therapists trained and supervised by clinical psychologist experts. Arthritis education will be delivered by nurses trained in the delivery of arthritis-related content. The primary outcome will be change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain scale score 12 months following surgery. A variety of secondary clinical and economic outcomes also will be evaluated. Trial Registration. NCT01620983. © 2012 Riddle et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Gravitational wave signals from leptoquark-induced first order electroweak phase transitions
Creators: name: Fu, Bowen
name: King, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extension of the Standard Model (SM) with scalar leptoquarks in $SU(2)$ singlet, doublet and triplet representations. Through the coupling between leptoquark and the SM Higgs field, the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) can turn into first order and consequently produce gravitational wave signals. We compute the required value of the leptoquark-Higgs for first order EWPT to happen and discuss about the possible constraint from Higgs phenomenology. Choosing some benchmarks, we present the strength of the gravitational waves produced during the leptoquark-induced first order EWPT and compare them to detector sensitivities. We find that the $SU(2)$ representations of the leptoquark can be distinguished by gravitational waves in the parameter space where first order EWPT can happen as a function of the Higgs portal coupling.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Coupling Turing stripes to active flows
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Saraswat
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically solve the active nematohydrodynamic equations of motion, coupled to a Turing reaction-diffusion model, to study the effect of active nematic flow on the stripe patterns resulting from a Turing instability. If the activity is uniform across the system, the Turing patterns dissociate when the flux from active advection balances that from the reaction-diffusion process. If the activity is coupled to the concentration of Turing morphogens, and neighbouring stripes have equal and opposite activity, the system self organises into a pattern of shearing flows, with stripes tending to fracture and slip sideways to join their neighbours. We discuss the role of active instabilities in controlling the crossover between these limits, Our results are of relevance to mechanochemical coupling in biological systems.
description: Accepted by "Soft Matter"
Intrinsic disorder in putative protein sequences
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 0604 Genetics
subject: Biomedical
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Human Genome
subject: 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning

description: © 2012 Midic and Obradovic; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Background: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs) perform a variety of crucial biological functions despite lacking stable tertiary structure under physiological conditions in vitro. State-of-the-art sequencebased predictors of intrinsic disorder are achieving per-residue accuracies over 80%. In a genome-wide study of intrinsic disorder in human genome we observed a big difference in predicted disorder content between confirmed and putative human proteins. We investigated a hypothesis that this discrepancy is not correct, and that it is due to incorrectly annotated parts of the putative protein sequences that exhibit some similarities to confirmed IDRs, which lead to high predicted disorder content. Methods: To test this hypothesis we trained a predictor to discriminate sequences of real proteins from synthetic sequences that mimic errors of gene finding algorithms. We developed a procedure to create synthetic peptide sequences by translation of non-coding regions of genomic sequences and translation of coding regions with incorrect codon alignment. Results: Application of the developed predictor to putative human protein sequences showed that they contain a substantial fraction of incorrectly assigned regions. These regions are predicted to have higher levels of disorder content than correctly assigned regions. This partially, albeit not completely, explains the observed discrepancy in predicted disorder content between confirmed and putative human proteins. Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence that current practice of predicting disorder content in putative sequences should be reconsidered, as such estimates may be biased.
Povertà: sfida educativa e responsabilità sociale. Il ruolo dell'educazione verso una società più giusta, equa e solidale
Creators: name: Giustini, Chiara <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: M-PED/01 Pedagogia generale e sociale

description: The thesis focuses on the link between education and poverty. The first part of the work investigates these concepts through a multidisciplinary study (History, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Pedagogy) to show the complexity of the phenomena, and analyzes poverty considering it as an educational challenge. The second part presents the outcomes of a qualitative research about the  role and the power that education has in the fight against poverty. The interviews and the focus groups with teachers and educators who work with the poor in several Italian cities and abroad (Denver and Los Angeles, Israel and Palestine), and the observations of the educational work done in some schools and services considered the "best practices" highlight the importance to re-educate our society, that is impoverished by the crisis of welfare state and the weakness of social networks. The final chapter is dedicated to a reflection on social justice, solidarity and sobriety, as pillars for Social Pedagogy in a society that cannot close its eyes to the inequalities that it generates.
Quantum quenches in the sinh-Gordon and Lieb-Liniger models
Creators: name: Di Salvo, Emanuele
name: Schuricht, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-relativistic limit of integrable field theories at equilibrium has been intensively studied in the previous years; the simplest non-trivial case relates the sinh-Gordon model to the Lieb-Liniger model. Here we study this non-relativistic limit out of equilibrium, namely in the time evolution after a quantum quench. The obtained results agree with the known ones for the Lieb-Liniger model, thus showing that the non-relativistic limit is applicable in this out-of-equilibrium setting.
Host genetics and population structure effects on parasitic disease
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: population structure
genetics of infectious disease susceptibility
intestinal worms
Chagas disease

description: Host genetic factors exert significant influences on differential susceptibility to many infectious diseases. In addition, population structure of both host and parasite may influence disease distribution patterns. In this study, we assess the effects of population structure on infectious disease in two populations in which host genetic factors influencing susceptibility to parasitic disease have been extensively studied. The first population is the Jirel population of eastern Nepal that has been the subject of research on the determinants of differential susceptibility to soil-transmitted helminth infections. The second group is a Brazilian population residing in an area endemic for Trypanosoma cruzi infection that has been assessed for genetic influences on differential disease progression in Chagas disease. For measures of Ascaris worm burden, within-population host genetic effects are generally more important than host population structure factors in determining patterns of infectious disease. No significant influences of population structure on measures associated with progression of cardiac disease in individuals who were seropositive for T. cruzi infection were found.
Non-realism : deep thought or a soft option ?
Creators: name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The claim that the observation of a violation of a Bell inequality leads to an alleged alternative between nonlocality and non-realism is annoying because of the vagueness of the second term.
description: 5 pages
Collective effects for the LHC injectors: non-ultrarelativistic approaches
Creators: name: Quatraro, Diego <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina)

description: The upgrade of the CERN accelerator complex 
has been planned in order to further increase the 
LHC performances in exploring new physics frontiers.
One of the main limitations to the  upgrade is represented by the collective 
instabilities. 
These are intensity dependent phenomena triggered by electromagnetic 
fields  excited by the interaction of the beam with its surrounding.
These fields are represented via wake fields in time domain
or impedances in frequency domain.
Impedances are usually studied assuming ultrarelativistic bunches while we 
mainly  explored   low and 
medium energy regimes in the LHC injector chain. 
In a non-ultrarelativistic framework we carried out a complete study of the impedance 
structure of the PSB which accelerates proton bunches up to 1.4 GeV. 
We measured the imaginary part of the impedance which creates  betatron  tune shift.
We introduced a parabolic bunch model which together with dedicated measurements
allowed us to point to  the resistive wall impedance as the source of one of the main PSB instability. 
These results are particularly useful 
for the design of efficient transverse instability dampers. 
We developed a macroparticle code to study the effect of the space 
charge on intensity dependent instabilities. Carrying out the analysis of the bunch 
modes we proved that the damping effects  caused  by the space charge, which has been 
modelled with semi-analytical method and using symplectic high order schemes, 
can increase the bunch intensity threshold.
Numerical libraries have been also developed in order to study, via numerical simulations
of the bunches,  the impedance of the whole 
CERN accelerator complex. 
On a different note, the experiment 
CNGS at CERN, requires high-intensity beams.
We calculated the interpolating Hamiltonian of the beam
for highly non-linear lattices. These calculations provide the ground 
for theoretical and numerical studies aiming to improve  the CNGS beam
extraction from the PS to the SPS.
Dynamic power management: from portable devices to high performance computing
Creators: name: Bartolini, Andrea <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: Electronic applications are nowadays converging under the umbrella of the cloud computing vision. The future ecosystem of information and communication technology is going to integrate clouds of portable clients and embedded devices exchanging information, through the internet layer, with processing clusters of servers, data-centers and high performance computing systems. Even thus the whole society is waiting to embrace this revolution, there is a backside of the story. Portable devices require battery to work far from the power plugs and their storage capacity does not scale as the increasing power requirement does. At the other end processing clusters, such as data-centers and server farms, are build upon the integration of thousands multiprocessors. For each of them during the last decade the technology scaling has produced a dramatic increase in power density with significant spatial and temporal variability. This leads to power and temperature hot-spots, which may cause non-uniform ageing and accelerated chip failure. Nonetheless all the heat removed from the silicon translates in high cooling costs. Moreover trend in ICT carbon footprint shows that run-time power consumption of the all spectrum of devices accounts for a significant slice of entire world carbon emissions.
This thesis work embrace the full ICT ecosystem and dynamic power consumption concerns by describing a set of new and promising system levels resource management techniques to reduce the power consumption and related issues for two corner cases: Mobile Devices and High Performance Computing.
Numerical Modelling of the Brain Poromechanics by High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Methods
Creators: name: Corti, Mattia
name: Antonietti, Paola F.
name: Dede', Luca
name: Quarteroni, Alfio Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and analyze a discontinuous Galerkin method for the numerical modelling of the equations of Multiple-Network Poroelastic Theory (MPET) in the dynamic formulation. The MPET model can comprehensively describe functional changes in the brain considering multiple scales of fluids. Concerning the spatial discretization, we employ a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method on polygonal and polyhedral grids and we derive stability and a priori error estimates. The temporal discretization is based on a coupling between a Newmark $β$-method for the momentum equation and a $θ$-method for the pressure equations. After the presentation of some verification numerical tests, we perform a convergence analysis using an agglomerated mesh of a geometry of a brain slice. Finally we present a simulation in a three dimensional patient-specific brain reconstructed from magnetic resonance images. The model presented in this paper can be regarded as a preliminary attempt to model the perfusion in the brain.