cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Globular Clusters in 19 Northern Abell Clusters
Creators: name: Blakeslee, John P.
name: Tonry, John L.
name: Metzger, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the globular cluster (GC) populations of 21 giant elliptical galaxies in 19 Abell clusters. This method, applied here primarily in the R band, is based on the surface brightness fluctuations technique of extragalactic distance measurement. The sample galaxies range in redshift from 5000 to 10,000 \kms, and were selected primarily from the Lauer & Postman (1994) survey of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). We find a tight correlation between the GC specific frequency S_N of the central bright galaxy in the cluster and the cluster velocity dispersion. S_N also correlates well with the cluster X-ray temperature and with the number of bright neighboring galaxies, less well with the galaxy profile, and only marginally with galaxy luminosity and overall cluster richness. It does not correlate with cluster morphology class. Thus, unlike galaxy luminosity, S_N is determined by the cluster mass, or density. To account for this situation, we propose that the GCs formed early and in proportion to the available mass, while the luminosity growth of the galaxy was later halted, yielding the observed correlations of S_N with density. We introduce a quantity called $η_{GC}$, the number of GCs per unit local cluster mass. For a simple cluster mass model, $η_{GC}$ is found to be constant, indicating a uniform GC production rate per unit available mass. A measurement of the Gaussian width $σ$ of the GC luminosity function (GCLF) is one of the byproducts of our analysis. In the cosmic microwave background frame, the mean width for this sample is $< σ> = 1.43$ mag, virtually identical to the HST value for M87, the galaxy used to calibrate the mean of the GCLF in this analysis.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Asymptotic Comparison of ML and MAP Detectors for Multidimensional Constellations
Creators: name: Alvarado, Alex
name: Agrell, Erik
name: Brännström, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A classical problem in digital communications is to evaluate the symbol error probability (SEP) and bit error probability (BEP) of a multidimensional constellation over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. In this paper, we revisit this problem for nonequally likely symbols and study the asymptotic behavior of the optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector. Exact closed-form asymptotic expressions for SEP and BEP for arbitrary constellations and input distributions are presented. The well-known union bound is proven to be asymptotically tight under general conditions. The performance of the practically relevant maximum likelihood (ML) detector is also analyzed. Although the decision regions with MAP detection converge to the ML regions at high signal-to-noise ratios, the ratio between the MAP and ML detector in terms of both SEP and BEP approach a constant, which depends on the constellation and a priori probabilities. Necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic equivalence between the MAP and ML detectors are also presented.
description: Final version, to appear in IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R Language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame: a Case Study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study interconnections among these determinants. Technically, the research was performed by R programming language, statistical analysis, and QuantumGIS. Methodology includes a range of the statistical methods for data processing, the most important of which is cluster analysis. The results revealed unevenness of the factors affecting trench bathymetric structure, caused by the environmental conditions.
Detecting positive quantum capacities of quantum channels
Creators: name: Singh, Satvik
name: Datta, Nilanjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Determining whether a noisy quantum channel can be used to reliably transmit quantum information at a non-zero rate is a challenging problem in quantum information theory. This is because it requires computation of the channel's coherent information for an unbounded number of copies of the channel. In this paper, we devise an elementary perturbative technique to solve this problem in a wide variety of circumstances. Our analysis reveals that a channel's ability to transmit information is intimately connected to the relative sizes of its input, output, and environment spaces. We exploit this link to develop easy tests which can be used to detect positivity of quantum channel capacities simply by comparing the channels' input, output, and environment dimensions. Several noteworthy examples, such as the depolarizing and transpose-depolarizing channels (including the Werner-Holevo channel), dephasing channels, generalized Pauli channels, multi-level amplitude damping channels, and (conjugate) diagonal unitary covariant channels, serve to aptly exhibit the utility of our method. Notably, in all these examples, the coherent information of a single copy of the channel turns out to be positive.
description: v2: Minor modifications with updated references. Closer to the published version
Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Theory based on the 4-component Dirac-Coulomb(-Gaunt) Hamiltonian. Energies for single electron detachment, attachment and electronically excited states
Creators: name: Shee, Avijit
name: Saue, Trond
name: Visscher, Lucas
name: Gomes, Andre Severo Pereira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report in this paper an implementation of 4-component relativistic Hamiltonian based Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster with singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory for the calculation of ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA) and excitation energy (EE). In this work we utilize previously developed double group symmetry-based generalized tensor contraction scheme, and also extend it in order to carry out tensor contractions involving non-totally symmetric and odd-ranked tensors. Several approximated spin-free and two-component Hamiltonians can also be accessed in this implementation. We have applied this method to the halogen monoxide (XO, X= Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) species, in order to assess the quality of a few other recent EOMCC implementations, where spin-orbit coupling contribution has been approximated in different degree. Besides, we also have studied various excited states of CH$_2$IBr, CH$_2$I$_2$ and I$_2^-$(as well as single electron attachment and detachment electronic states of the same species) where comparison has been made with a closely related multi-reference coupled-cluster method, namely Intermediate Hamiltonian Fock Space Coupled-Cluster singles and doubles (IHFS-CCSD) theory.
description: improved formatting, added standard deviation for comparisons between eom-ee and fscc(1h1p)
Variation of the spin textures of 2-species spin-1 condensates studied beyond the single spatial mode approximation and the experimental identification of these textures
Creators: name: He, Y. Z.
name: Liu, Y. M.
name: Bao, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the numerical solutions of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, the spin-textures of a Bose-Einstein condensate with two kinds of spin-1 atoms have been studied. Besides, the probability densities of an atom in spin component $μ$ and of two correlated atoms one in $μ$ and one in $ν$ have been calculated. By an analysis of the densities, four types of texture have been found. (i) Both species are in polar phase. (ii) Both species are in ferromagnetic (f) phase with all the spins lying along a direction. (iii) Both species are in f phase but the spins of different species are lying along opposite directions. (iv) One species in f phase, one species in quasi-f phase (where the spins are divided into two groups lying along opposite directions). This finding simplifies the previous classification. Moreover, we found that the variation and transition of the spin-textures can be sensitively reflected by these probability densities. Therefore, the theoretical and experimental studies on these densities provide a way to discriminate the spin-textures and/or to determine the parameters (say, the strengths of interaction) involved.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Corresponding author: C.G. Bao, stsbcg@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Open rigid string with the Gauss-Bonnet term in action
Creators: name: Nesterenko, V. V.
name: Pirozhenko, I. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the Gaussian curvature in the rigid string action on the interquark potential is investigated. The linearized equations of motion and boundary conditions, following from the modified string action, are obtained. The equation, defining the eigenfrequency spectrum of the string oscillations is derived. On this basis, the interquark potential, generated by the string is calculated in one-loop approximation. A substantial influence of the topological term in the string action on the interquark potential at the distances of hadronic size order or less is revealed.
description: REVTeX, 7 pages, 2 figures in separate PostScript files, no tables
Fluorescent Determination of Calcium Ion Using a Coumarinyl Pyrazoline Scaffold and Its Application in Living Cells
Creators: name: Hua, Yun
name: Wei, Qiang
name: Wu, Gang
name: Sun, Zhi-Bin
name: Shang, Ya-Jing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Calcium is an essential element for living systems and involved in numerous intracellular signaling cascades. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe based on a coumarin and pyrazoline scaffold was designed and synthesized for the detection of Ca2+ by a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) strategy. The probe showed good selectivity for Ca2+ compared to other substances in ethanol with a low detection limit (1.37 × 10−7 M). Meanwhile, following the addition of Ca2+ ions, the probe showed an obvious “turn on” with a rapid response of less than 5 s and 1:1 binding with an association constant of 7.97 × 103 M−1. Furthermore, the fluorescence imaging of the probe was also performed in the presence of Ca2+ in living A549 cells.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R Language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame: a Case Study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean [Иерархический кластерный анализ на языке R для выделения однородных групп батиметрических данных на примере Марианского желоба, Тихий океан]
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: R. Визуализация и получение данных были осуществлены в QuantumGIS. Результаты выявили неравномерность батиметрических профилей согласно факторам, влияющим на геологическую структуру желоба. Ключевые слова: кластерный анализ, R, программирование, алгоритмы, океанография, Марианский желоб, Тихий океан Abstract. The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study interconnections among these determinants. Technically, the research was performed by R programming language, statistical analysis, and QuantumGIS. Methodology includes a range of the statistical methods for data processing, the most important of which is cluster analysis. The results revealed unevenness of the factors affecting trench bathymetric structure, caused by the environmental conditions.
Unitary boson-boson and boson-fermion mixtures: third virial coefficient and three-body parameter on a narrow Feshbach resonance
Creators: name: Endo, Shimpei
name: Castin, Yvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give exact integral expressions of the third cluster or virial coefficients of binary mixtures of ideal Bose or Fermi gases, with interspecies interactions of zero range and infinite s-wave scattering length. In general the result depends on three-body parameters Rt appearing in three-body contact conditions, because an Efimov effect is present or because the mixture is in a preefimovian regime with a mass ratio close to an Efimov effect threshold. We give a new, exact integral expression of Rt for the microscopic narrow Feshbach resonance model. A divergence of Rt in the preefimovian regime at a scaling exponent s = 1/2 is predicted and physically discussed. The analytical results are applied to typical species used in cold atom experiments.
description: v3 French translation by AI + human proofreading (10 pages). v2 English language version
The Quest for the Inflationary Spectral Runnings in the Presence of Systematic Errors
Creators: name: Li, Xiaolei
name: Weaverdyck, Noah
name: Adhikari, Saroj
name: Huterer, Dragan
name: Muir, Jessica
name: Wu, Hao-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological inflation predicts that the scalar spectral index "runs" with scale. Constraints on the values of the spectral runnings, $α_s\equiv \textrm{d} n_s/\textrm{d}\ln k$ and $β_s\equiv \textrm{d}α_s/\textrm{d}\ln k$, therefore provide a fundamental test of the physics of inflation. Here we study the feasibility of measuring the runnings when information from upcoming large-volume galaxy surveys is used to supplement the information provided by a CMB-S4 experiment, particularly focusing on the effect of including high-$k$, nonlinear scales. Since these measurements will be sensitive to modeling uncertainties for the nonlinear power spectrum, we examine how three different ways of parameterizing those systematics---introducing zero, two, or several hundred nuisance parameters---affect constraints and protect against parameter biases. Considering statistical errors alone, we find that including strongly nonlinear scales can substantially tighten constraints. However, these constraints weaken to levels not much better than those from a CMB-S4 experiment alone when we limit our analysis to scales where estimates are not strongly affected by systematic biases. Given these considerations, near-future large-scale structure surveys are unlikely to add much information to the CMB-S4 measurement of the first running $α_s$. There is more potential for improvement for the second running, $β_s$, for which large-scale structure information will allow constraints to be improved by a factor of 3--4 relative to using the CMB alone. Though these constraints are still above the value predicted by slow roll inflation, they do probe regions of parameter space relevant to nonstandard inflationary models with large runnings, for example those that can generate an appreciable abundance of primordial black holes.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, ApJ, in press
The étale open topology over the fraction field of a henselian local domain
Creators: name: Johnson, Will
name: Walsberg, Erik
name: Ye, Jinhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Suppose that $R$ is a local domain with fraction field $K$. If $R$ is Henselian then the $R$-adic topology over $K$ refines the étale open topology. If $R$ is regular then the étale open topology over $K$ refines the $R$-adic topology. In particular the étale open topology over $L((t_1,\ldots,t_n))$ agrees with the $L[[t_1,\ldots,t_n]]$-adic topology for any field $L$ and $n \ge 1$.
Standard monomials and invariant theory for arc spaces I: general linear group
Creators: name: Linshaw, Andrew R.
name: Song, Bailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F50, 14M12, 14L24

description: This is the first in a series of papers on standard monomial theory and invariant theory of arc spaces. For any algebraically closed field $K$, we construct a standard monomial basis for the arc space of the determinantal variety over $K$. As an application, we prove the arc space analogue of the first and second fundamental theorems of invariant theory for the general linear group.
description: We corrected a few typos in Lemma 5.2 and Corollary 5.3 that appear in the published version
Self-Consistent Thermal Accretion Disk Corona Models for Compact Objects: II. Application to Cygnus X-1
Creators: name: Dove, James B.
name: Wilms, Jorn
name: Maisack, Michael
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply our self-consistent accretion disk corona (ADC) model, with two different geometries, to the broad-band X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1. As shown in a companion paper (Dove, Wilms, and Begelman), models where the Comptonizing medium is a slab surrounding the cold accretion disk cannot have a temperature higher than about 120 keV for optical depths greater than 0.2, resulting in spectra that are much softer than the observed 10-30 keV spectrum of Cyg X-1. In addition, the slab geometry models predict a substantial ``soft excess'' at low energies, a feature not observed for Cyg X-1, and Fe Kαfluorescence lines that are stronger than observed. Previous Comptonization models in the literature invoke a slab geometry with the optical depth τ_T \gta 0.3 and the coronal temperature T_c \sim 150 keV, but they are not self-consistent. Therefore, ADC models with a slab geometry are not appropriate for explaining the X-ray spectrum of Cyg X-1. Models with a spherical corona and an exterior disk, however, predict much higher self-consistent coronal temperatures than the slab geometry models. The higher coronal temperatures are due to the lower amount of reprocessing of coronal radiation in the accretion disk, giving rise to a lower Compton cooling rate. Therefore, for the sphere+disk geometry, the predicted spectrum can be hard enough to describe the observed X-ray continuum of Cyg X-1 while predicting Fe fluorescence lines having an equivalent width of \sim 40 eV. Our best-fit parameter values for the sphere+disk geometry are τ_T \approx 1.5 and T_c \approx 90 keV.
description: 13 pages, Latex, 10 .eps figures, uses emulateapj.sty. To be published in ApJ, October 1, 1997, Vol. 487
Synthesizing CT from Ultrashort Echo-Time MR Images via Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Roy, Snehashis
name: Butman, John A.
name: Pham, Dzung L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increasing popularity of PET-MR scanners in clinical applications, synthesis of CT images from MR has been an important research topic. Accurate PET image reconstruction requires attenuation correction, which is based on the electron density of tissues and can be obtained from CT images. While CT measures electron density information for x-ray photons, MR images convey information about the magnetic properties of tissues. Therefore, with the advent of PET-MR systems, the attenuation coefficients need to be indirectly estimated from MR images. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) based method to synthesize head CT from ultra-short echo-time (UTE) dual-echo MR images. Unlike traditional $T_1$-w images which do not have any bone signal, UTE images show some signal for bone, which makes it a good candidate for MR to CT synthesis. A notable advantage of our approach is that accurate results were achieved with a small training data set. Using an atlas of a single CT and dual-echo UTE pair, we train a deep neural network model to learn the transform of MR intensities to CT using patches. We compared our CNN based model with a state-of-the-art registration based as well as a Bayesian model based CT synthesis method, and showed that the proposed CNN model outperforms both of them. We also compared the proposed model when only $T_1$-w images are available instead of UTE, and show that UTE images produce better synthesis than using just $T_1$-w images.
description: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-68127-6_3, International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging (SASHIMI 2017)
Photoproduction of top in peripheral heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Klein, Spencer R.
name: Nystrand, Joakim
name: Vogt, Ramona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In relativistic heavy ion collisions, top quarks can be produced by photon-gluon fusion when a photon from the Weizsäcker-Williams virtual photon field of one nucleus interacts with a gluon in the other nucleus. Photoproduction with heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the first accessible non-hadronic top production channel. We calculate the $t \bar t$ photoproduction cross sections, pair mass and top quark rapidity distributions in peripheral heavy ion collisions. The cross sections are sensitive to the top quark charge and the large-$Q^2$ gluon distribution in the nucleus. We find a cross section of 94 pb in calcium-calcium collisions, leading to 190 pairs in a one month ($10^6$ sec) LHC run. We also find $p$Pb and $p$Ca cross sections of 5.8 and 3.4 pb respectively, resulting in 6 and 34 $t\bar t$ pairs per month.
description: kinematics clarified (results unchanged); to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C 13 pages including 2 figures kinematics section clarified (results unchanged)
Demodulation and Detection Schemes for a Memoryless Optical WDM Channel
Creators: name: Keykhosravi, Kamran
name: Tavana, Morteza
name: Agrell, Erik
name: Durisi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is well known that matched filtering and sampling (MFS) demodulation together with minimum Euclidean distance (MD) detection constitute the optimal receiver for the additive white Gaussian noise channel. However, for a general nonlinear transmission medium, MFS does not provide sufficient statistics, and therefore is suboptimal. Nonetheless, this receiver is widely used in optical systems, where the Kerr nonlinearity is the dominant impairment at high powers. In this paper, we consider a suite of receivers for a two-user channel subject to a type of nonlinear interference that occurs in wavelength-division-multiplexed channels. The asymptotes of the symbol error rate (SER) of the considered receivers at high powers are derived or bounded analytically. Moreover, Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the SER for all the receivers. Our results show that receivers that are based on MFS cannot achieve arbitrary low SERs, whereas the SER goes to zero as the power grows for the optimal receiver. Furthermore, we devise a heuristic demodulator, which together with the MD detector yields a receiver that is simpler than the optimal one and can achieve arbitrary low SERs. The SER performance of the proposed receivers is also evaluated for some single-span fiber-optical channels via split-step Fourier simulations.
Matrix Kloosterman sums
Creators: name: Erdélyi, Márton
name: Tóth, Árpád
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a family of exponential sums that arises in the study of the horocyclic flow on $\mathrm{GL}_n$. We prove an explicit version of general purity and find optimal bounds for these sums.
description: 57 pages, some minor changes done and new references added
Validez transcultural del “Cuestionario de quejas de memoria en la vida cotidiana” (MFE-30): fiabilidad y análisis de factores en población venezolana
Creators: name: Ruiz Sánchez de León, José M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520301
subject: Clinical neuropsychology

description: Terán-Mendoza, O.E., Mendoza, N.J., Martínez-Rodríguez, J.I., Ruiz-Sánchez de León, J.M., Mendoza-Caripá, L.C. y Silva-Gasch, D.E. (2020). Validez transcultural del “Cuestionario de quejas de memoria en la vida cotidiana” (MFE-30): fiabilidad y análisis de factores en población venezolana. Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual, 28(1), 115-136. Las quejas de memoria son un motivo de consulta recurrente tanto en adultos jóvenes como en mayores que acuden a centros asistenciales, por ende deben ser evaluadas con instrumentos que muestren propiedades psicométricas óptimas. El “Cuestionario de Fallos de Memoria en la Vida Cotidiana” (MFE-30) permite medir los olvidos y errores que las personas perciben diariamente; sin embargo no existen reportes de sus propiedades psicométricas en el contexto latinoamericano. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento en población venezolana. Se llevó a cabo un análisis exploratorio en una muestra compuesta por personas de población general y problemas de adicción a sustancias (n=300) y el análisis confirmatorio en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (n=303). Los resultados reflejan una estructura de tres dimensiones que explican el 48,5% de la varianza. Se observan buenos indicadores de fiabilidad (α=0,92), correlaciones significativas con pruebas de despistaje cognitivo y capacidad para discriminar entre grupos. En conclusión, puede considerarse como una medida válida y confiable, permitiendo su uso emergente a nivel clínico y de investigación.
Baryonic handles: Skyrmions as open vortex strings on a domain wall
Creators: name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the BEC-Skyrme model which is based on a Skyrme-type model with a potential motivated by Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and, in particular, we study the Skyrmions in proximity of a domain wall that inhabits the theory. The theory turns out to have a rich flora of Skyrmion solutions that manifest themselves as twisted vortex rings or vortons in the bulk and vortex handles attached to the domain wall. The latter are linked open vortex strings. We further study the interaction between the domain wall and the Skyrmion and between the vortex handles themselves as well as between the vortex handle and the vortex ring in the bulk. We find that the domain wall provides a large binding energy for the solitons and it is energetically preferred to stay as close to the domain wall as possible; other configurations sticking into the bulk are metastable. We find that the most stable 2-Skyrmion is a torus-shaped braided string junction ending on the domain wall, which is produced by a collision of two vortex handles on the wall, but there is also a metastable configuration which is a doubly twisted vortex handle produced by a collision of a vortex handle on the wall and a vortex ring from the bulk.
description: RevTeX: 34 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, 10 videos as ancillary files; V2: reference added and typos corrected
PREPRINT Scatterplot Matrices of the Geomorphic Structure of the Mariana Trench at Four Tectonic Plates (Pacific, Philippine, Mariana and Caroline): a Geostatistical Analysis by R
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A functionality of R programming language has been tested in the scope of this research. It proved to be as an effective tool for studying distribution of the environmental factors affecting the tectonic structure, as well as geomorphic properties at the seafloor basement of the Mariana Trench. The study revealed distinct unevenness of various factors affecting Mariana Trench geomorphic structure. The bathymetric determinant of the four distinct groups of the cross section profiles cause certain variability in the sedimental thickness of the basement, slope angle steepness degree, angle aspect, depth at the basement, as well as depth values (means, median and absolute minimum). Among other factors a magmatism of the nearby area is to be mention. The closeness of the igneous volcanic areas contribute towards earthquake frequency across four tectonic plates – Mariana, Pacific, Philippine Sea and Caroline. The results demonstrated that cross-section profiles of the Mariana Trench can be divided into clusters according to their properties, such as bathymetric (depth values), geographic (latitude and longitude), geological (width of the sedimental thickness layer), magmatism (large igneous polygon areas) and tectonic (location of the tectonic plates nearby).
The sun as a high energy neutrino source
Creators: name: Hettlage, Christian
name: Mannheim, Karl
name: Learned, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic ray interactions in the solar atmosphere yield a flux of electron and muon neutrinos with energies greater than 10 GeV. We discuss the influence of neutrino oscillations on the event rates in water-based Cerenkov detectors due to this neutrino flux and comment on the possibility of detecting the sun as a high energy neutrino source.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Astroparticle Physics
ASASSN-18ey: The Rise of a New Black-Hole X-ray Binary
Creators: name: Tucker, M. A.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Holoien, T. W. -S.
name: Auchettl, K.
name: Strader, J.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Bahramian, A.
name: Dong, Subo
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Chomiuk, L.
name: Denneau, L.
name: Flewelling, H.
name: Heinze, A. N.
name: Smith, K. W.
name: Stalder, B.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Weiland, H.
name: Rest, A.
name: Huber, M. E.
name: Rowan, D. M.
name: Dage, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of ASASSN-18ey (MAXI J1820+070), a new black hole low-mass X-ray binary discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). A week after ASAS-SN discovered ASASSN-18ey as an optical transient, it was detected as an X-ray transient by MAXI/GCS. Here, we analyze ASAS-SN and Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) pre-outburst optical light curves, finding evidence of intrinsic variability for several years prior to the outburst. While there was no long-term rise leading to outburst, as has been seen in several other systems, the start of the outburst in the optical preceded that in the X-rays by $7.20\pm0.97~\rm days$. We analyze the spectroscopic evolution of ASASSN-18ey from pre-maximum to $> 100~\rm days$ post-maximum. The spectra of ASASSN-18ey exhibit broad, asymmetric, double-peaked H$α$ emission. The Bowen blend ($λ\approx 4650$Å) in the post-maximum spectra shows highly variable double-peaked profiles, likely arising from irradiation of the companion by the accretion disk, typical of low-mass X-ray binaries. The optical and X-ray luminosities of ASASSN-18ey are consistent with black hole low-mass X-ray binaries, both in outburst and quiescence.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJL. A summary video describing this publication can be found at https://youtu.be/YbM_koBfRSI
Clones from comonoids
Creators: name: Krähmer, Ulrich
name: Mahaman, Myriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fact that the cocommutative comonoids in a symmetric monoidal category form the best possible approximation by a cartesian category is revisited when the original category is only braided monoidal. This leads to the question when the endomorphism operad of a comonoid is a clone (a Lawvere theory). By giving an explicit example, we prove that this does not imply that the comonoid is cocommutative.
description: Version currently accessible for early view in the Revista de la Uni\'on Matem\'atica
Theta vacuum in different gauges
Creators: name: Adam, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some recent papers it is claimed that the physical significance of the vacuum angle theta for QCD-like theories depends on the chosen gauge condition. We criticise the arguments that were given in support of this claim, and show by explicit construction for the case of QED$_2$ that and why they fail, confirming thereby the commonly accepted point of view.
description: Latex file, 12 pages
Tournament Leave-pair-out Cross-validation for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis
Creators: name: Perez, Ileana Montoya
name: Airola, Antti
name: Boström, Peter J.
name: Jambor, Ivan
name: Pahikkala, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is widely used for evaluating diagnostic systems. Recent studies have shown that estimating an area under ROC curve (AUC) with standard cross-validation methods suffers from a large bias. The leave-pair-out (LPO) cross-validation has been shown to correct this bias. However, while LPO produces an almost unbiased estimate of AUC, it does not provide a ranking of the data needed for plotting and analyzing the ROC curve. In this study, we propose a new method called tournament leave-pair-out (TLPO) cross-validation. This method extends LPO by creating a tournament from pair comparisons to produce a ranking for the data. TLPO preserves the advantage of LPO for estimating AUC, while it also allows performing ROC analyses. We have shown using both synthetic and real world data that TLPO is as reliable as LPO for AUC estimation, and confirmed the bias in leave-one-out cross-validation on low-dimensional data. As a case study on ROC analysis, we also evaluate how reliably sensitivity and specificity can be estimated from TLPO ROC curves.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of A 14-bp insertion in endothelin receptor B-like (EDNRB2) is associated with white plumage in Chinese geese
Creators: name: Xi, Yang
name: Wang, Lei
name: Liu, Hehe
name: Ma, Shengchao
name: Li, Yanying
name: Li, Liang
name: Wang, Jiwen
name: Chunchun, Han
name: Bai, Lili
name: Mustafa, Ahsan
name: He, Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Manhattan plots for the plumage colors Fst of white and gray in gang geese. A. Whole genome. B. Scaffold 1–23. C. Scaffold 24–76. D. Scaffold 77–156. E. Scaffold 157–231. F. Scaffold 232-end.
PREPRINT Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R Language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame: a Case Study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean [Иерархический кластерный анализ на языке R для выделения однородных групп батиметрических данных на примере Марианского желоба, Тихий океан]
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: R. Визуализация и получение данных были осуществлены в QuantumGIS. Результаты выявили неравномерность батиметрических профилей согласно факторам, влияющим на геологическую структуру желоба. Ключевые слова: кластерный анализ, R, программирование, алгоритмы, океанография, Марианский желоб, Тихий океан Abstract. The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study interconnections among these determinants. Technically, the research was performed by R programming language, statistical analysis, and QuantumGIS. Methodology includes a range of the statistical methods for data processing, the most important of which is cluster analysis. The results revealed unevenness of the factors affecting trench bathymetric structure, caused by the environmental conditions.
Chiral smoothings of knots
Creators: name: Livingston, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Given knots K and J, one can ask whether a single smoothing of a crossing in a diagram for K can convert it into a diagram for J. As an interesting example, Zekovic discovered that the torus knot T(2,5) can be converted into T(2,-5) with a single smoothing. On the other hand, Moore and Vasquez have shown that among torus knots of the form T(2,m), T(2,5) is the only one which can be converted into its mirror image with a single smoothing, assuming that m is square free. In this paper, Casson-Gordon theory is applied to extend the Moore-Vasquez result to all torus knots T(2,m), with the exception of T(2,9), which remains an open case. Applications of similar techniques to the general problem are also described, as are tools arising from Heegaard Floer theory.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, typographical corrections
PREPRINT Statistical Analysis of the Mariana Trench Geomorphology Using R Programming Language
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces an application of the R programming language environment for geostatistical data processing with a case study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench is the deepest among all hadal oceanic depth trenches. Its formation is caused by the complex and diverse geomorphic factors impacting its development. The impact of these factors have been studies in this paper using R based statistical analysis and data visualization. Data included tectonic plates, bathymetric profiles, slope angles, aspect class, magmatism of igneous volcanic areas, sedimental thickness. The results consists in following achievements: (1) GIS cross-section profiles visualization; (2) estimated effects of the data distribution according to the tectonic plates crossing, slope degree, closeness of the igneous volcanic areas and depth; (3) geospatial comparative analysis of data distribution by four tectonic plates; (4) quantified similarities between the distributional data distances using correlation matrices, double Y-axis plotting and cluster analysis (k-mean method, dendrogram trees computing); (5) assessed dependence of the sedimental thickness on the profile morphology and slope angles by data grouping, ranking and sorting. The innovativeness of this paper consists in a cross-disciplinary approach combining methods of GIS, multi-source data collecting, statistical analysis, R programming, data visualization and geological analysis.
Scattering diagrams for generalized cluster algebras
Creators: name: Mou, Lang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct scattering diagrams for Chekhov-Shapiro's generalized cluster algebras where exchange polynomials are factorized into binomials, generalizing the cluster scattering diagrams of Gross, Hacking, Keel and Kontsevich. They turn out to be natural objects arising in Fock and Goncharov's cluster duality. Analogous features and structures (such as positivity and the cluster complex structure) in the ordinary case also appear in the generalized situation. With the help of these scattering diagrams, we show that generalized cluster variables are theta functions and hence have certain positivity property with respect to the coefficients in the binomial factors.
description: v2, updated abstract, expanded comments in Section 1.5. To appear in Algebra & Number Theory
Revealing Dusty Supernovae in High-Redshift (Ultra-)Luminous InfraRed Galaxies Through Near-Infrared Integrated Light Variability
Creators: name: Yan, Haojing
name: Ma, Zhiyuan
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Runge, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are rare today but are increasingly abundant at high redshifts. They are believed to be dusty starbursts, and hence should have high rates of supernovae (multiple events per year). Due to their extremely dusty environment, however, such supernovae could only be detected in restframe infrared and longer wavelengths, where our current facilities lack the capability of finding them individually beyond the local universe. We propose a new technique for higher redshifts, which is to search for the presence of supernovae through the variability of the integrated rest-frame infrared light of the entire hosts. We present a pilot study to assess the feasibility of this technique. We exploit a unique region, the "IRAC Dark Field" (IDF), that the Spitzer Space Telescope has observed for more than 14 years in 3--5 micron. The IDF also has deep far-infrared data (200--550 micron) from the Herschel Space Observatory that allow us to select high-redshift (U)LIRGs. We obtain a sample of (U)LIRGs that have secure optical counterparts, and examine their light curves in 3--5 micron. While the variabilities could also be caused by AGNs, we show that such contaminations can be identified. We present two cases where the distinct features in their light curves are consistent with multiple supernovae overlapping in time. Searching for supernovae this way will be relevant to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to probe high-redshift (U)LIRGs into their nuclear regions where JWST will be limited by its resolution.
description: ApJ in print. Version updated to be consistent with that accepted by ApJ
First Structure Formation: I. Primordial Star Forming Regions in hierarchical models
Creators: name: Abel, Tom
name: Anninos, Peter
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of very early formation of primordial star clusters from high-σperturbations in cold dark matter dominated structure formation scenarios. For this we have developed a powerful 2-level hierarchical cosmological code with a realistic and robust treatment of multi-species primordial gas chemistry, paying special attention to the formation and destruction of hydrogen molecules, non-equilibrium ionization, and cooling processes. We performed 3-D simulations at small scales and at high redshifts and find that, analogous to simulations of large scale structure, a complex system of filaments, sheets, and spherical knots at the intersections of filaments form. On the mass scales covered by our simulations (5x10^5 - 1x10^9\Ms) that collapse at redshifts z>25, we find that only at the spherical knots can enough H2 be formed (n_{H_2}/n_H > 5x10^-4) to cool the gas appreciably. Quantities such as the time dependence of the formation of H2 molecules, the final H2 fraction, and central densities from the simulations are compared to the theoretical predictions of Abel (1995) and Tegmark et al. (1997) and found to agree remarkably well. Comparing the 3-D results to an isobaric collapse model we further discuss the possible implications of the extensive merging of small structure that is inherent in hierarchical models. Typically only 5-8% percent of the total baryonic mass in the collapsing structures is found to cool significanlty. Assuming the Padoan (1995) model for star formation our results would predict the first stellar systems to be as small as ~30\Ms. Some implications for primordial globular cluster formation scenarios are also discussed.
description: 22 pages, 13 Figures. Submitted to ApJ. Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Fermionic excitation in quark matter
Creators: name: Tanaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the fermionic excitation spectra of the dense QCD and QED plasma at zero temperature, and analyze the stability of the normal (perturbative) ground state. The standard re-summed perturbation theory breaks down because the infrared (IR) divergences show up in the spectra near the Fermi surface. We employ the effective field theory approach and the renormalization group to investigate the dynamics near the Fermi surface. Our results indicate that the dense QCD and QED plasma are non-Fermi-liquids.
description: 10pages, latex, 3 figures obtainable from author, talk presented at YITP Workshop on ``From Hadronic Matter to Quark Matter: Evolving View of Hadronic Matter'', YITP, Kyoto Japan, October (1994).
Ping-pong in Hadamard manifolds
Creators: name: Dey, Subhadip
name: Kapovich, Michael
name: Liu, Beibei
name: Universitäts- Und Landesbibliothek Münster
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Institut (Universität Münster)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove a quantitative version of the Tits alternative for negatively pinched manifolds X. Precisely, we prove that a nonelementary discrete isometry subgroup of Isom(X) generated by two non-elliptic isometries g, f contains a free subgroup of rank 2 generated by isometries fN, h of uniformly bounded word length. Furthermore, we show that this free subgroup is convex-cocompact when f is hyperbolic.